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A YEAR PRICE, GENTS 
$3.00 MUNN G&G COMPANY, Publishers 25 


Charles 
Dana 
Gibson 


HAS returned to America to draw more 
of his inimitable pictures of people. He 
will also paint in oil colors subjects as 
typically American as his well-known 
pen-and-ink drawings. 


HALL 
CLOCKS 


The most useful and 
ornamental article you 
can have in your home 
isa fine Hatt Cock. 
We make many styles 
and kinds, with or 
without chimes. 


The ‘“‘Banjo,” which 
is so popular for din- 
ing-room and library, 
is a most satisfactory 
clock. 


We also make a full 
line of Marble Clocks 
and Regulators. 


q With renewed enthusiasm, and with 
new powers after three years of study 
among the masters in Spain, Italy, 
Holland, France, Germany, and England, 
Mr. Gibson takes up his work, which will 
prove even more interesting to lovers of 
pictures than it was before. His paintings 
will be faithfully reproduced in full color, 
and his drawings in black and white, 
appearing exclusively in one publication— 


Collier’s 
The National Weekly 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for new illustrated catalogue. 


* 
PST on ee oe aa 


per we ee 
Waltham Clock Company 
Waltham, Mass. 


Americans are now building more beautiful houses and 
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care 
and in better taste than ever before. 


Pe oe Oe ae 


The most potent single influence working for higher 
standards in architecture and decoration 1s 


The Architectural Record 


@ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, 
you will be interested in The Architectural Record. 


Send for a Sample Copy — Free. 


THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 
11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO 


a A iSO 7 a, 
oMiin ON Aj, 


January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Sample and fo A House Lined with 


Circular 


” $ Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 
The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, 


nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 


out dampness, 


The Enos Company 


MAKERS OF LIGHTING FIXTURES 
5 West 39th Street, New York City 


Baltimore, 519 N. Charles Street 
San Francisco, 1748 California Street 
Toronto, 94 King Street, West 
Pittsburg. G. P. Norton, Penn at 4th St. 
Spokane. Washington, Cutter & Plummer 
Seattle. Washington, Cox & Gleason Company. 
1914 Second Avenue 
Chicago. W. K. Cowan & Co.. 203 Michigan 
Blvd. 
St. Louis. Mo., N. O- Nelson Mfg- Co. 
NEW ENGLAND REPRESENTATIVES 
Bicetow, KenNARD & Co., Boston 


Correspondence Solicited. 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. 


VERTIOAL SECTION. 


TRAOL/ \ “een, 


Sliding Doors 


That Never Bind 


Ire f 


Kitchen 

Showing If you are going to build a house, or remodel 

Tnterlocki your present one, put in sliding doors wherever 
Tae you conveniently can. Instead of jamming or 

Rubber sticking in the ways, they will slide easily and 

Tiling in freely when hung on the 

Residence of 

Hs. Wedd ALLITH 

Horton, 

Middleton, **Reliable’’ Parlor Door Hangers 

N. Y. These prevent the sliding doors from jamming, 


make the slide noiseless and are not affected by 
the sagging or warping of walls, floors or doors. 
They cannot jump the track or get out of order, 
and they can be adjusted without removing 
strips or stops. They are absolutely 


Noiseless, Never Bind, 
Stick or Jump the Track 


or get out of order. Every Allith Hanger is 
guaranteed to give complete satisfaction. 
They are exceedingly popular with architects 
and house-builders. Every Allith Hanger is guar- 
anteed to give satisfaction. Send us your name 
and address with the name of your architect, 
for our latest complete catalogue with prices, etc. 


Allith Manufacturing Company 
2115 West Taylor Street Chicago, Illinois 


INTERLOCKING 
RUBBER, TILING 


An Ideal Floor Covering for Court 
Houses, Banking Institutions, Churches, 
Hospitals, Libraries, Business Offices, 
Restaurants, Vestibules, Elevators, 
Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries, Bath- 
rooms, Steamships and Floating Pro- 
perty generally. 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood-Work 
Invented @ Built by 
THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


DUNVANVEHOQONUAGUAGTOGAAOGAGAOUAANGOUNGONGOGOA NGA GOGOOOOAOAONG AANA OATAGAO NATO NUMA TOATA TOGA TA NAAT 


We are the original manufacturers of Interlocking Rubber Tiling 


NEW YORK BELTING © PACKING CO., Ltd. 


91-93 Chambers Street, NEW YORK CITY 


CHICAGO, ILL.: 150 Lake Street BOSTON : 232 Summer Street 

ST. LOUIS, MO.: 218-220 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD.: 114 W. Baltimore Street 

PHILADELPHIA. PA.: 118-120 N. Eighth Street BUFFALO, N. Y.:600 Prudential Building 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.: E. 11th St. @ 3d Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.: 913-915 Liberty Avenue 
Oakland SPOKANE, WASH.: 163 S. Lincoln Street 


ST 


ST 24-Inch Single Surface Planer 


BURLINGTO 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and 
outdoor veranda. 
Any wood; any 
finish to match trim. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND VCARDENS 


January, 1909 


Venetian and 
Sliding 


BLINDS 


SCREENS 


AND 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


Q Equal 500 miles 
northward. Perfect 
privacy with doors 
and windows open. 


Darkness and breezes 


in sleeping rooms. 


Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


IF YOU WIS 


TO SUBSCRIBE to only One Magazine, 


careful investigation will show you that the 


METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 


should be that one; so thoroughly American is it, so vital and so varied. 


If, 


however, you require several, we, as agents, are able to secure for you, as one 


of our patrons, what you wish, 
fully low rates. 


66 A Reg. Price 
CLASS A Pee Year 
American Magazine.............ccs0008 $1.00 
Children’s Magazine.........,.......... 1.00 
Cosmopolitan Magazine............... 1.00 
Garden Magazine....................0.68 1.00 
Good Flealth®i3..5.. sock ohc2s denice cees 1.00 
Uncle Remus’s Home Magazine... 1.00 
National Food Magazine.............. 1.00 
*Woman’s Home Companion........ 1.25 

cp» Reg. Pric 
CLASS “B ee. Price 
Army and Navy Life.................... $1.50 
House and Garden..............0056.., 3.00 
Independent............ccecceseeesoeeeeeees 2.00 
Outing eteterssceccccsstar- sess sa.e es. 3.00 
Short Stories ..............seseeessereeeeee 1.50 
CLASS “IV” Betis 
Pacific Monthlly...................0c0e000. $1.50 
Photo-Eray.iicievecacsssccisseiansvesiceaset 1.50 
TEA | caer Sat bcoosoceoanAHe coceEn ener EreD 1.50 
Technical World....................0005 1.50 
World To-day..............ccccececeseee ss 1.56 


THE METROPOLITAN with | 


together with the METROPOLITAN, at wonder- 


We venture to call to your attention a few of these combinations, 


The METROPOLITAN and any one 


magazine in Class “A” for............... 


The METROPOLITAN and any two 


magazines in Class “A” for............... 


The METROPOLITAN and any three 


magazines in Class “A” for............... 


$1.65 
$2.30 
$2.95 


The METROPOLITAN and any one 
magazine in Class “A” and any one 
in (Class “SB? iforaincctascn oaecensecceaene 3.00 
The METROPOLITAN and one Class 2 65 
“A” and one Class “IV” for........... e 
The METROPOLITAN and any one in 
Class (SB e forint ito nccincen tease ss acon $2.35 
The METROPOLITAN and any two in 
Glass SSB? iforiccts cessor hans ciaree eee $3. 70 


The METROPOLITAN and any one in 
Class SIV! for ic..ccscccuecesseceeae ee ssiceeoe 


$2.00 


American’ Education icc.:cncessssec scenes asctet snes dee mietesueaenanerences aes $2.00 
The Housekeeper and the Reliable Poultry Journal............ 1.70 
( Lippincott’s Magazines. c.accc5 cscs seas desgnane necsonesestaeetteaietico ee etee 2.75 


SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WOMAN'S HOME COMPANION, McCLURE’S, $2.50 


Ainy of the 
Publications in this list 
may be added 
at the price quoted. 


THE METROPOLITAN 


| $2.50 


CENTURY eiisa-fececuiesnececenscuise secsicecsiesins nasericaansereret $3.85 
HARPER’S, MONTY). caicnec<ccecececoesinesectecaeies ster: 3.50 
PITERARY, DIGESIRire---scnasce-ce-cscencoceeteccscssacts 3.00 
LADIES’ HOME JOURNAL..................:ccceeeeeees 1.50 
WAGES SNCS) caeccdsdcascsasenpapo coabmondaosodoooadanctasosdnnosbe 1.00 
SGRIBNERUS Morecsecsiodses. taesasccticecsnsecoseneetnenscesit 3.00 
SATURDAY EVENING POST.....................0008 1.50 
YOUGEH'S, COMPANION c.ncncssnsceecasconseeesccsens 1.75 


THE METROPOLITAN 
WORLD’S WORK........ 
EVERYBODY’S 


| $3.25 


* Twenty-five cents must be added 10 all clubs containing Woman's Home Companion if ordered after February 1st, 1909 


On account of our special arrangeme 
position to quote prices to you far below 
not find in the above clubbing offers the 


nt with the publishers of the various magazines, we are in a 
those which would ordinarily be given to you, so if you do 
combination which you desire, write to us exactly what you 


wish and we will quote you the lowest possible price for such a combination. 


METROPOLITAN 


MAGAZINE AGENCY 


Dept. A, 7 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK CITY 


THIS OFFER CANCELS AND TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER ALL PREVIOUS OFFERS MADE BY US 


MISTAKES AVOIDED 


In Buying Good Furniture 


By following the helpful sug- 
gestions found in our instruct- 
ive booklet, ‘Furniture of Character’ No 
advertisement can adequately tell the won- 
drous story of the remarkable 


Berkey & Gay 


reproductions of Period and Colonial furniture for the 
bed room, dining room and library This furniture 
charms by its solidity grace and beauty, because it Is 
arustically designed durably constructed and elegantly 
finshed The booklet willbe sent for 16 cents in U S 
stamps to partly cover its cost not 
satisfactory return it and stamps will be 
perended 2 4 
ur integrity o} ty years standing\ « 

and our guarantee shopmark 1s your safe- PY 
guard in buying this furniture from the 

dealers Shop Mark 
BERKEY & GAY FURNITURE CO., Estab. 1859 
Please Address Dept M Grand Rapids, Mich. 


IPMIsasssssssssstss“7*th 


5 Grapevines $1.00 


Strong, Hardy, Three-year-old Vines 


Any five of the following well-known varieties: 
(Red)—Brighton, Delaware, Lindley. 
(White)—Niagara, Diamond, Pocklington. 
(Black)—Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early, Wilder. 


These vines will grow anywhere and will bear the 
year after planting. We guarantee them to beas rep- 
resented or money refunded. We also offer 10 strong, 
hardy, two-year-old vines for $1.00. This is a remarkable 
collection of grapevines at an exceedingly low price. 
Order now,vines will be shipped proper time to plant. 

With every order we send our valuable book how 
to plant, cultivate and prune. Grapes are easily 
grown and should be in every garden. 


T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY 


Grape Vine Specialists FREDONIA, N. Y. 
Established 42 Years 


WNANANARAANAAARARARRARARA 


NSS 
WINRAR, 


Van Dorn — 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE @ 
STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


WArscorn Sa 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


Gregory’s: Seed Book 


Sent FREE to dollars tomeaanonie 
Anyone 


been the meansofturn- 
ing many a failure into 
success. Write to-day 
for a free copy. 

We scll all kinds of 
flower and vegetable 
seed, from five cents’ 
worth up to the outfit 
for a farm, Ls 


J. J. H. GREcoRY his ws 


Letus help youmake 
your planting a success 
bysending youournew ° 
catalogue. Itcontains - 
our seed experiences of 
over fifty years, gives « 
expert advice on the : 
raising of various vege 
tables and describes 
the best of the old and ¢ 
new varieties M 


SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters 


BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES 


IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTI- 
LATING LOCK. A Safeguard 


forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, 
Good Health and Rest Assured. 
To introduce this article, Four 
ty Ventilating Locks in Genuine 
| Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- 
=!per Finish will he mailed to 
mt any address prepaid for One 
‘Dollar. Will include a forty- 
B! page Hardware Catalogue and 
& Working Model to carpenters 
. who wish the agency to canvass 
for its sale. Address 


- The H. B, Ives Go. 


PATENTED 


NEW 
Conn., 


HAVEN, 
U.S.A. 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Poop last Use Ruberord Roopig Hirst,” 


MARK. 


permanent 
Roofi ng 
with 


REG, U.S. PAT; 9 Fre 


BERO/p om 


teteiel IN \ Brown, 


n 
Red, 


Green and 


has none of the defects common to other roofing 
materials, as the following comparison shows: 


Metal Roofs rust and leak unless frequently painted. 
A metal roofed house is always hot in summer. 


RUBEROID never rusts, needs no painting when laid and insures a cool interior. 
Shingles warp, split and rot, are very expensive and require 


frequent repair. 


RUBEROID does not warp, split or rot, is less expensive than metal or 
shingles and lasts longer. 
Tar and Low-Priced Roofings, even when covered with 
sand or gravel, are quickly affected by changes of temperature. 
They melt and run under summer heat, leaving their felt or paper 
base unprotected. They are also more or less inflammable. 

RUBEROID is not affected by changes of temperature and never melts or 
runs under the hottest sun. It is weather-proof, water-proof 
and so highly fire resistant that sparks or burning brands will 


not ignite it. 


RUBEROID has an unequalled record of over 16 years’ satisfactory service 
and is proven the most economical roofing made. 


No skilled labor required. 


man can lay it. 


Any handy 


For further particulars write for Booklet No. 15 


THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY 


Manufacturers of Ruberoid Roofing, Building and Sheathing Papers, etc. 


100 William St., New York 


Chicago, St.Louis, Kansas City, Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans 
THE STANDARD PAINT CO. OF CANADA, LTD., Imperial Bank Bldg., Montreal 
THE RUBEROID €O., LTD., 81-83 KnightriderSt., London, England 
CIE. FRANCAISE DU RUBEROID, 83 Boulevard Richard Lenoir, Paris, France 


Water, free as Air 


Water is valuable largely in proportion to the 
pressure at which it can be delivered. To 
illustrate: water delivered into your home, 
with no pressure, woula not flow from the 
faucet; it would be necessary to draw it witha 
suction pump and to carry i: from room to 
room in pails; of course, water with no pres- 
sure is better than none at all; again, at slight 
pressure water flows slowly from the faucet. 
This means waiting some time for any quan- 
tity, and naturally under such conditions, the 
user always puts up with a scant supply; bath- 
ing is a discouraging proposition, when water 


merely trickles into the tub. But the moment 
you get water at high pressure, you have it in 
abundance, and it at once serves a dozen pur- 
poses for which it would never otherwise be used, 
and it is then used freely by every member of 
the family. “Thereisno long wait, or the fixing 
of certain days, when each member may bathe, 
because its abundance makes it as free as air. 
Think of it, water as free as air! ‘That means 
Comfort,Cleanliness and Health. Then,oh,what 
a protection water under pressure is in case 
of fire! Have you got it? If not, don’t you 
want it? TJ¢ goes with every Hot-Air Pump. 


Fe patie” “ge WESERIDER © WEECERICSSON saree" veer ts Pane 


against worthless imitations. 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect 


the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of 


a reputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. 
40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. 


Write for Catalogue E, and ash for reduced price-list. 


RIDER-ERICSSON 
ENGINE Co. 


239 Franklin Street, Boston 


234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q. 


Over 


35 Warren Street, New York 


40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia = 


22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W. 


Hot-Air Pump 


A breakfast preceded by a 
luscious Atwood Grape Fruit 
is the most healthful beginning 
to the day. 


as ATWOOD a 
GRAPE FRUIT 


N°? grape fruit grown any- 
where in the world is quite 
so appealing in its exquisitely 
delicious flavor as the highly 
cultivated product of the AT- 
WOOD Grove in Florida. 
ATWOOD Grape Fruit is 
the ideal fru:t for breakfast 
use. It isthe solid, juice-laden 
kind, moderately tart, always 
refreshing and satisfying. 


he ATWOOD Grove et 
Manavista, Fla., is the 
most extensive in the world. 
250 acres are devoted exclu- 
sively to the scientific cultiva- 
tion of the perfect Grape Fruit. 
A quarter million dollars ¢x- 
penditure has resulted in tke 
production of ATWOOD 
Grape Fruit, the finest pro- 
duct of its kind ever grown. 

To serve, cut in cross sections, remove 

the core, and serve with or without 

sugar. Grape Fruit is better when 


served without ice. ATWOOD Grape 
Fruit makes the most delicious salads. 


Taken at night on retiring it is better than 
drugs. Buy it by the box, it will keep for weeks. 


The ATWOOD trade-mark on the 
wrapper is a certificate of the per- 
fect product. Look 
for it when you 


fe purchase. 
Srcod Compan \ THE ATWOOD COMPANY 
Vb, ty KIMBALL C. ATWOOD, 
Manis Pres. and Treas. 
290 BROADWAY 


TRADE MARY 


NEW YORK 


THE most modern, and best illuminating and 


cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF 
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


Better than City Gas or Elec- 
tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


« to frozen tanks and pipes. 


temperature to all fixtures. 
be yours, if you install the 


Kewanee System 


With the Kewanee System, there is no 
elevated tank exposed to all extremes in 
#/ weather conditions. No freeze-ups in win- 
ter and no warm stagnant water in sum- 
mer. Instead, a Kewanee Pneumatic 
Tank is located in the cellar, or buried in 
the ground. It cannot leak, freeze, over- 
flow or collapse. 


Pump the water from your well, cistern 
or other source, into this tank; and it will 
be delivered to the fixtures and hydrants 
under air pressure. Water will alwaysbe 
on tap at the plumbing fixtures. Horses 
and stock can be watered in the barn. 
First-class fire protection assured for your 
buildings. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Bldg. 
y 50 Church St. 
New York City, N. Y. 


’ » Running Water 
in Zero Weather 


HERE is no longer any necessity for inconvenience and repairs due 
No matter how cold it may be, you can 
have a constant supply of fresh running water delivered at a usable 
This satisfactory water supply service will 


of Water Supply 


Over 9000 Kewanee Systems in operation, 
supplying water for country and suburban 
homes, farms, schools, public and private 
institutions, etc. Every Kewanee System 
a success and every user a friend. 


The Kewanee System is the original 
water supply system, involving the use of 
air pressure instead of gravity pressure. 
There are imitations now—avoid them. 
Get the genuine and you will take no 
chances—we guarantee that. Look for 
our trade-mark (Gj and name plates on 
tank and pumping machinery. 

No charge for expert engineering ser- 
vice. Let us help you solve your water 
supply problem. Write for our 64-page 
illustrated catalog No. 36. It is free. 


Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, Illinois. 


1212 Marquette Bldg. 
Chicago, 


710 Diamond Bank Bldg. 
Pittsburg, 
Il. 


Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 
is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. 


For nearly sixty-five years the 


Scientific American 


has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress 
made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. 

_ Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 
in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to 


the entire family. 


It is unique among periodical literature because it contains 


authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. 


Subscription price, $3.00 per year. 


The Season’s Best Club Combinations 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens } 


Review of Reviews ; j $4.45 | 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens $3 
Review of Reviews 


$6.80 


500 | $5.35 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens 

McClure’s Magazine 

Review of Reviews 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens 

World’s Work 

Delineator 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens 

McClure’s Magazine 

Woman’s Home Companion..... 


$5.75 


After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina: 
tions including Woman’s Home Companion. 


MUNN ® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City 


January, 1909 


ArT AND’ Economy IN Home DECORATION. 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman. 1908. 
(New York: John Lane Co.) 16mo, . 
222 pages. Price, $1.50. 


The readers of American Homes and Gar- 
dens need no introduction to Mrs. Priestman, 
who has been a steady contributor to this 
magazine. She has produced an admirable 
volume which is worthy of a large sale. Mrs. 
Priestman has endeavored in this volume to 
assist her readers to solve some of the various 
problems of house furnishing, and to induce 
the home-maker to think for herself as to 
what is to be avoided and what to be made use 
of. It is really a difficult task to furnish a 
house properly; it requires serious thought 
and a knowledge of color and harmony, and 
a certain refinement and simplicity of taste 
which are not always easy to acquire; and, 
therefore, it is well worth while to go to a 
little trouble to learn the best way of doing 
this. In her twelve years’ experience as an 
interior decorator, the author has come across 
problems in house furnishing of almost every 
kind, and this book is the result of her experi- 
ence. Portions of it have already appeared 
in various magazines, including AMERICAN 
HoMES AND GARDENS. ‘The chapter headings 
are as follows: “Introduction,” “Choosing a 
Color Scheme,” ‘How to Treat Walls Success- 
fully,” “Concerning Halls,” “A Few Points to 
Remember When Buying Rugs and Carpets,” 
“Characteristics of Oriental Rugs,” “Home- 
made Rugs,” “Furniture,” “The Right Use 
of Ornament on Furniture,’ “Casement 
Windows and Their Treatment,” ‘‘Fire- 
places.” “What to Use for Portieres and 
Curtains in Country Houses,” ‘Shelving, 
Pictures and Bric-a-Brac,” ‘Lamps and Can- 
dle Shades,” ‘‘Needlework in the Hands of 
the Craftsman,” “Finishing Touches,” “Or- 
namenting Fabrics by means of Stenciling 
and Block Printing,” ‘Arranging Flowers 
Artistically,” “What to Avoid in the Home,” 
“Cottages on Sea or Lake,” “Decoration of 
the Modern Suburban House,” “Some Inter- 
esting Remarks,” “How Some Craft Workers 
Fitted Up Their Home.” 


Cosmos CoLLEcTION. Consisting of duotone 
and hand-colored reproductions of the 
most famous paintings from all the 
schools of the world; architecture; por- 
traits of people of permanent fame, their 
homes and associated historic scenes; and 
popular subjects. Each picture graphically 
described. Editor-in-chief, George Hall 
Baker, M.A.; art editors, Harry W. 
Watrous and Will H. Low. Complete in 
ten volumes. Vol. I. New York: The 
Cosmo Studio. 1908. 

So far as we can discern this undertaking is 
an effort to put to some practical use the 
original halftone plates of the Cosmos pictures. 
which had a brief vogue a few years ago. Any 
such effort ought to meet with encouragement, 
for the pictures are fine and well-nigh perfect 
specimens of photo-engraving. Whether the 
present collection represents the best use to 
which the pictures can be put seems to us 
doubtful. Reproductions of sculpture and paint- 
ing are thrown together in haphazard fashion. 
No attempt whatever is made to arrange paint- 
ings in schools. ‘Thus we find the very ordi- 
nary Plockhorst between Philippe de Cham- 
paigne’s triple portrait of Cardinal Richelieu - 


January, 1909 


and Perugino’s Virgin and Saints in the Na- 
tional Gallery. To be sure, the editors excuse 
this disorder on the plea of avoiding monotony, 
and offer a fairly good cross-reference index to 
the man who desires to study the pictures in 
& more orderly manner. The comments on the 
reproductions are superficial, and in most cases 
inadequate. As a beautiful picture-book and 
as an example of fine printing, we have never 
seen anything that surpasses this volume. 
There are a few mistakes. Thus the “Portrait 
of a Boy,” facing page 52, has the name of the 
artist spelled wrong. Pintsurrichio would look 
more natural without the “‘s.” 

The two pages devoted to the reproduction 
of one hundred well daubed-up palettes might 
have been spared. It is to be hoped that the 
defects of thé present volume will be obviated 
in subsequent issues. 


Roses; Their History, Development and 
Cultivation. By the Rev. Joseph H. 
Pemberton. London and New York: 


Longmans, Green & Co. Pp. 2443306. 
Price, $3.00. 

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COMMENTS FOR JANUARY, 1909 


PAGE 


“CHESTERWOOD,” THE CounTRY Home or DaNiEL CHESTER FreNcH, N.A.: THE STUDIO 
ENTRANCE 

MONTHLY COMMENT 

Homes or AMERICAN ArTISTs—‘‘Chesterwood,” the Country Home of Daniel Chester French, 
N.A., Glendale, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree 

A Curious CoLLecTion oF BOTTLES By Ada Walker Camehl 

WILD ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY By Esther Low 


THE SUMMER Home or THEODORE Conrow, Esa., WATER MILL, Lone IsLanp. . 
By Charles Chauncey 


Wuat CoLoniaAL ARCHITECTURE REALLY Is By C. Howard Walker 
THe Mimicry oF PLANTs By S. Leonard Bastin 


THE RESIDENCE OF ATHERTON Ciark, Esa., NEwron, MAssACHUSETTS 
By Paul Thurston 


COLORED WINDOWS IN THE House 
A SPECIMEN OF MAMILLARIA RHODANTHA 
THE DINING-ROOM By John A. Gade 
By Ida D. Bennett 
By Craig S. Thoms 
By Smith Anthony 
CORRESPONDENCE: 
PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg 
GARDEN Work AsBouT THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay 


New Books. 
Estimating What Your House Will Cost. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


(Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


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AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


Volume VI January, | 909 


The terrace doorway at “ Chesterwood”’ 


4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


January, 1909 


Monthly Comment 


HE artist brings to the adornment and equip- 
gS LZ ment of the house a special feeling for 
aN R@pid) artistic fitness and a personal note of com- 


fort and achievement that places the houses 
designed and furnished under such auspices 
in a class of their own, wholly apart from 
the upholsterer’s or machine-designed house 
with which many people are not only forced to be content 
but in which they actually delight. This is one of the strange 
things in household furnishing, that so few know how to do 
it properly, and so many are satisfied with the most unsatis- 
fying objects. A richly furnished room is, for example, 
very highly thought of in many quarters. This means, in 
most cases, a gathering together of a most elaborate collec- 
tion of furniture. ‘Tables, chairs, cabinets and ornaments 
of the most wonderful architecture and most sumptuous 


style are arranged in spaces that, as likely as not, are scarce - 


big enough for a single one. The room is thronged with 
costly objects, objects costly, for the most part, from the 
material of which they are composed, and from their size, 
or, perchance, their acknowledged rarity; pictures whose art 
qualities are apt to be measured by the splendor of their 
gilded frames are hung on walls of expensive silk; wherever 
display can be introduced it is brought in to be looked at or 
to be in the way. Everything, in short, that can be put into 
a room is placed within it; and the elect, and may be some 
outsiders, are forthwith invited to come in and enjoy the 
spectacle. 


Tuis, of course, is gaudiness and nothing else. “The most 
richly furnished room in the world contains no furniture 
whatever; but its walls were frescoed by the immortal genius 
of Raphael. For four centuries the genius of that wonder- 
ful artist has been worshiped in the Stanza della Segnatura, 
which, after all, is but a room, perfectly adapted to room 
utilization, but glorified beyond compare with the master- 
pieces painted on its walls. And in the grand old days of 
the Renaissance there were many such splendidly and richly 
furnished rooms that were rich and splendid because the 
rooms themselves were so, and not because they were crowded 
with costly pieces of furniture more wonderful to look upon 
than available for use. Such rooms are no longer built and 
decorated now, and are, indeed, quite outside the possibili- 
ties of the American house, ordinary or extraordinary. But 
it is an advantage to refer to such apartments as quite de- 
stroying the modern upholsterer’s claims to pre-eminence in 
household decoration. 


THE plain fact is that most modern houses are essentially 
shoppy. And they are necessarily so. Very few people can 
give to the problem of household decoration and furnishing 
the time and thought it requires, or even so much as possess 
the knowledge requisite to success in such matters. Depend- 
ence is, therefore, placed on the shops. Mighty attractive 
many of these places are, and fascinating and beautiful are 
much of their contents. We can not get along without them, 
for where else would we buy anything? This question re- 
veals the whole secret of the inability of the modern com- 
mercial house to solve the problem of household decoration in 
an artistic way. They are commercial. They exist for the 
purpose of selling goods. They are maintained that their 
owners and proprietors may reap profits for themselves. 
The shop that sells the most goods is the most successful. In 
other words, the monetary returns constitute the criterion 
of success. 


Now the artist, when he undertakes a problem, is actuated 
by quite different motifs. He must, it is true, be paid for 
his work, and it is most right and proper that he should be 
paid, and liberally too. But his initial idea is to create some- 
thing. Art is not manufactured, but created, and the artist 
both knows and feels that his own share in this creation is 
a personal and important one: he knows that success in one 
piece of work will bring him opportunities for other work; 
and he realizes, as the commercial man can never do, that his 
personal reputation for excellence or superiority or artistic 
supremacy—call it what you will—is his most precious and 
valuable asset. 


THE artistic ideal is, therefore, directly opposed to the 
commercial ideal. The commercial man does the best he 
can, but his measure of success is the volume of his sales. Ask 
any merchant and he will immediately proceed to measure the 
results of his last year by this very available thermometer. 
If he sells beautiful things, and thus helps to distribute beauty 
throughout his world, it is because he finds it profitable to do 
so. The artist has other things to think about and other 
ideals by which the standard of his success is measured. His 
one object in life is to create works of art; and these, not 
mere passing fancies of the moment, but creations of per- 
manent merit by which he will be known and respected and 
on which his fame will rest. His is a personal work, too, 
endowed with his personality, alive with individuality, per- 
meated with thought and the result of an honest endeavor 
to attain the highest possible standard. 


WHEN a mind so attuned to lofty thought applies itself 
to the practical problems of household decorations the re- 
sults are immeasurably superior to the machine work turned 
out by the mill-shops and commercial emporiums. How can 
it be otherwise when one seeks results, and the other 
sales? So the artist need bring only his own genius to his 
problem, be it as simple or as complicated as it may, and 
the solution will, in every case, be beautiful. This is not 
only the true secret of household decoration, but the only 
one. ‘lhere is no mystery about it, save personality. ‘There 
is no need for display, only for taste. There is no need for 
costly furniture nor to bring in high-priced decorative ad- 
juncts; all that is required is a sense of the beautiful and 
the work is done. 


THE artist’s home is not necessarily rich and elaborate; as 
a matter of fact it is oftenest quite the reverse; but it can be 
depended upon to be charming and interesting, a personal 
home, rich in artistic association, harmoniously arranged, 
and speaking aloud in every part of the individual art of the 
designer who has created it. ‘The artist knows when a chair 
is good in itself and when it is available for a certain place. 
He knows color and form; he is familiar with combinations 
and arrangements; he has taste and discretion. All these 
things go to make a beautiful home, and are qualities and 
properties that can not be purchased by the yard nor bought 
by the pound. Hence the great and delightful interest of 
the artist’s home. It need not be rich nor costly, it may not 
be large nor elaborate; but it may be notable in the truest 
sense of the word, since no effort has been made to impress 
by luxurious fittings nor by elaborate furnishings. It repre- 
sents art, in the true sense, as applied to household problems. 
This,is something that is not only rarely seen, but whose true 
value is little known. A glimpse or two into an artist’s home 
will demonstrate this quality. 


Homes of 
American Artsts 


By Barr Ferree 


““Chesterwood,” the Country Home of 
Daniel Chester French, N. A. 
Glendale, Massachusetts 


= 


BROWNSTONE column, old and some- plunges beneath a lofty flat archway embedded in a luxuriant 
what weather-beaten, stands on a knoll to mass of wild grapevine; beyond it is thickly grown: hem- 
the right as one approaches ‘‘Chesterwood”’ locks to the right, apple trees, lilac bushes and other shrubs 
from Stockbridge. It marks the entrance to the left. There is immense utility in this branch road, 
to Mr. French’s very beautiful estate, a which presently reappears further on, and again joins the 
tract comprising about a hundred and main road, for it is the service entrance; yet it is so com- 
twenty-five acres, and which lies on both pletely hidden and so densely grown that the keenest eye 

sides of the main highway that skirts the lawn below the can not penetrate to what is within, and can only guess to 

house. It is a charming place of woodland and open fields, what it leads, all of which helps to give it value. 
Meanwhile the main road moves on 
to the house, which is located upon its 
left; a second branch leads to the barn 
and stables far up on the right; on one 
side is a great clump of lofty sumacs, 
on the other a low border of locust, be- 
hind which is the farm and vegetable 
garden. And so with these, and many 
other plantings of beautiful shrubbery, 
the drive reaches the house, and one 
dismounts at the entrance porch. It 
is a modest and simple dwelling: stuc- 
coed, light granite gray in color, gray 
woodwork, sage green door and blinds, 
and brown shingled roof. Designed 
by Mr. Henry Bacon, architect, of New 
York, it is delightfully adapted to its 


Lawn and woods beyond the studio 


of valleys and hills, even of moun- 
tain sides; and situated as it is, in the 
heart of the Berkshire Hills, it not 
only commands magnificent views 
from every viewpoint, but is itself a 
delightful part of the whole beautiful 
vicinity. 

The knoll opposite the brown col- 
umn needs no monumental emphasis, 
for a group of apple trees grows right 
at the opening. The entrance drive- 
way opens here, and is grassed on 
either side. On the right is a border 
of young hemlocks; on the left are 
apple and pear trees, variously spaced. 
A short distance within a branch road 


Decorative sculptures of the studio porch 


The terrace front overlooks the lawn, with a marvelous view beyond 


situation, a house that belongs here. It is very well studied, 
but with that supreme care that gives no hint of it. Now 
that it has been built one realizes that any other sort of a 
house than this would have been impossible in this situation, 
and, one may also believe, quite impossible of occupancy by 
the distinguished artist whose loving care and fine apprecia- 
tion of the beautiful has embowered the house with grounds 
and plantings of unusual interest and beauty. 
Notwithstanding the importance of the house in any coun- 
try region, it is but the simple truth to say that one lives in 
the Berkshires for the outdcor beauty and not for the ele- 
gance and costliness of the houses. Mr. French has de- 
veloped this idea with singular beauty and complete success. 
There is no vast estate decoration, no formal gardening in 
an architectural sense, but, what is very much more delight- 
ful, a multitude of interesting spots and unexpected beauty, 


The hall, with its fine old furniture and tapestry paper 


AMERICAN HOM 


some of them related to each other in a connecting sense, 
some seemingly sporadic, yet all distinguished by an har- 
monious feeling for beauty that is at once distinctive and 
penetrating. In short, the mind of the artist, his creative 
sense, his feeling tor beauty, his love for nature are abun- 
dantly apparent at every point. This is the supreme quality 
of this beautiful estate, a quality as rare as it is fine; for one 
realizes, as one wanders through these grounds, that here 
is something beyond the unusual, and actually in the realm 
of the artistic. 

Beyond the house is the studio. ‘This is a rectangular 
building with lofty windows and high, shingled, skylighted 
roof, carrying a central louver. On the north a lower part 
serves as a reception-room. Here, in the center, is a door- 
way, with a high glazed semi-circular tympanum rising above 
the cornice. As in the main house the walls are plain; on 


f 


habis’ 
; 


a 
i 
itis 


I 


> ee. 


sau 


wee 
LenS er 


a 


4a 
r 


i 


The bri 


The dining-room has blue w 


st room 


AND GARDENS 


each side of the door is a green trellis that supports clematis; 
beyond, at the ends, is Virginia creeper. On the step are 
two grotesque marble dolphins, and at the base are two small 
red terra-cotta jars, each containing a mimic Scotch pine. A 
great gray-pebbled circle lies before the door; in the center 
is a marble block supporting a large yellow-brown pottery 
jar. The further border of the circle is arranged as an 
exedra, with a semi-circular seat of concrete with marble 
ends. In the center are marble steps to a higher pathway; 
here and at the ends are red pots containing small bushes of 
pyramid box. Above the steps is a grassed path that pres- 
ently loses itself in the distant woods. At the beginning it 
is bordered with peonies, high-growing lilies and tree 
hydrangeas, which are continued to two stands of clematis 
and a couple of poplar trees. Then comes an apple orchard, 
and here the path border consists of large ferns; further off 


and rare Colonial furniture 


A modest simple dwelling: stuccoed, light granite gray in color 


these give way to mountain laurel, and finally, when the 
path has penetrated the dense wood, the border is low hem- 
locks. On the left, at the beginning of the path, is the tennis 
court, so overshadowed by the woods as to be completely 
without sun in the afternoon. 

One enters the enchanted space in which all this simple 
beauty lies through a picket gate in a brick wall, drab painted 
and overgrown with Virginia creeper. Just without are 
two shaped hemlocks. On the right is a low stone wall, 
capped with white marble, above which is a hedge of clipped 
lilacs. Inside a brilliant ower border of hardy phlox, golden 
glow, larkspur, poppies, lilies and other gay flowering plants 
runs to the exhedra and beyond it. ‘The forespace there is 
arranged with great simplicity but in quite a formal way. On 
the left is a square of lawn; sunk in it, near the studio, is a 
small square lily pond with white marble border. The lawn 


The drawing-room mantel is red Numidian marble 


The terrace front overlooks the lawn, with a maryelous view beyond 


situation, a house that belongs here. It is very well studied, 
but with that supreme care that gives no hint of it. Now 
that it has been built one realizes that any other sort of a 
house than this would haye been impossible in this situation, 
and, one may also believe, quite impossible of occupancy by 
the distinguished artist whose loving care and fine apprecia- 
tion of the beautiful has embowered the house with grounds 
and plantings of unusual interest and beauty. 
Notwithstanding the importance of the house in any coun- 
try region, it is but the simple truth to say that one lives in 
the Berkshires for the outdoor beauty and not for the ele- 
gance and costliness of the houses. Mr. French has de- 
veloped this idea with singular beauty and complete success. 
There is no vast estate decoration, no formal gardening in 
an architectural sense, but, what is very much more delight- 
ful, a multitude of interesting spots and unexpected beauty, 


The hall, with its fine old furniture and tapestry paper 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


some of them related to each other in a connecting sense, 
some seemingly sporadic, yet all distinguished by an har- 
monious feeling for beauty that is at once distinctive and 
penetrating. In short, the mind of the artist, his creative 
sense, his feeling for beauty, his love for nature are abun- 
dantly apparent at every point. This is the supreme quality 
of this beautiful estate, a quality as rare as it is fine; for one 
realizes, as one wanders through these grounds, that here 
is something beyond the unusual, and actually in the realm 
of the artistic. 

Beyond the house is the studio. ‘This is a rectangular 
building with lofty windows and high, shingled, skylighted 
roof, carrying a central louver. On the north a lower part 
serves as a reception-room. Here, in the center, is a door- 
way, with a high glazed semi-circular tympanum rising aboye 
the cornice. As in the main house the walls are plain; on 


The breakfast room 


cach side of the door is a green trellis that supports clematis; 
beyond, at the ends, is Virginia creeper. On the step are 
two grotesque marble dolphins, and at the base are two small 
red terra-cotta jars, each containing a mimic Scotch pine. A 
great gray-pebbled circle lies before the door; in the center 
is a marble block supporting a large yellow-brown pottery 
jar. The further border of the circle is arranged as an 
exedra, with a semi-circular seat of concrete with marble 
ends. In the center are marble steps to a higher pathway; 
here and at the ends are red pots containing small bushes of 
pyramid box. Above the steps is a grassed path that pres- 
ently loses itself in the distant woods. At the beginning it 
is bordered with peonies, high-growing lilies and tree 
hydrangeas, which are continued to two stands of clematis 
and a couple of poplar trees. Then comes an apple orchard, 
and here the path border consists of large ferns; further off 


The dining-room has blue walls and rare Colonial furniture 


A modest simple dwelling: stuccoed, light granite gray in color 


these give way to mountain laurel, and finally, when the 
path has penetrated the dense wood, the border is low hem- 
locks. On the left, at the beginning of the path, is the tennis 
court, so overshadowed by the woods as to be completely 
without sun in the afternoon. 

One enters the enchanted space in which all this simple 
beauty lies through a picket gate in a brick wall, drab painted 
and overgrown with Virginia creeper. Just without are 
two shaped hemlocks. On the right is a low stone wall, 
capped with white marble, above which is a hedge of clipped 
lilacs. Inside a brilliant Hower border of hardy phlox, golden 
glow, larkspur, poppies, lilies and other gay Howering plants 
runs to the exhedra and beyond it. The forespace there is 
arranged with great simplicity but in quite a formal way. On 
the left is a square of lawn; sunk in it, near the studio, is a 
small square lily pond with white marble border. The lawn 


The drawing-room mantel is red Numidian marble 


8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


is surrounded by paths on all sides, a hedge of hemlock 
inclosing the space on the south. About half way to the 
woods it is broken by a pergola, a small square brick struc- 
ture, with brick piers, low brick walls and white marble cop- 
ing and capitals. It has a pebbled floor and is completely 
overgrown with grapevines and Virginia creeper. At the 
furthest extremity of the hemlock hedge is a white marble 
pedestal and bust. Just beyond it are woods, very dense and 
thick-growing. Turn to the right, and at the extremity of 
the other path are two Ionic columns, at the entrance to the 
wood. Within, under the dense shadow of the trees, is a 
marble pedestal supporting a colored terra-cotta bust of a 
lady by Mr. French’s brother sculptor, Mr. Herbert Adams. 
It is a veritable little open temple in the woods, an art shrine 
in a very literal sense. A 
path into the woods begins 
here. It is very dense and 
wild, with gigantic lich- 
ened rocks and much 
underbrush. The path ad- 
vances in an unkempt, 
woody sort of way, then 
loses itself in a circular 
clearing, grassed from 
edge to edge, with splen- 
did trees uprising all 
around it. Then, with 
low fieldstone steps, it 
moves on anew, rising to 
a higher level, twisting and 
turning without apparent 
meaning, but more wildly, 
more woody, darkly, 
damply—if I must say it 
—with more great trees 
and many ‘lesser ones. 
Suddenly it emerges, but 
hugs the woods to its left, 
while on the other side 1s 
an open field of wild 
flowers; far off on the 
right is the studio and the 
bright tops of its gay 
flower border. The 
glimpse is for but a mo- 
ment, for the path im- 
mediately joins the grassed 
path that starts from the 
exedra before the studio 


cee 


door. Ionic columns, with bust by Herbert Adams, N. A. 


Dense and more dense 
are the woods, with many lofty hemlocks and tall, slender 
black birches. Then, all at once, one finds oneself in a 
silent open space; the birds scarcely chirp, even the insects 
are stilled; the air seems charged with serenity and charm 
and silence. In the center of a circle rises a splendid maple, 
a gigantic tree with lofty bole that, could it have been pos- 
sible, might have been transplanted from the forest of 
Fontainebleau. It is a tree so high and lofty that its branches 
begin only above the tops of the surrounding trees. Right 
in the center, and where the woods are densest, is a great 
sculptured seat, new-made by Mr. French, of white cement, 
with solemn faces of sphinxes graven on the arm rests. 
Around and behind it are small hemlocks, standing as still 
as young soldiers, watching and guarding the secluded spot. 
Truly this is their duty, for across the clearing from the seat 
lies the figure of a sleeping child, a sculpture of Mr. Edward 
Potter, long associated with Mr. French in some of their 
most important works. No wonder it is still and quiet here, 
for this charming slumber must not be disturbed, and all 


January, 1909 


nature holds its breath while the child sleeps on, day and 
night, in the safe seclusion of the forest! 

The path that has brought us to this exquisite spot does 
not stop here, but is renewed beyond. ‘The mountain side, 
which at the beginning was below one, is now above, rising 
sharply, with rocks more gigantic than the great ones below. 
The path breaks into two; one arm mounts the heights, the 
other goes onward, and is presently crossed by a rustic fence. 
And still it goes on. But enough! Long before this point 
has been reached the eye has been sufficiently saturated with 
woodland and decoration without penetrating further into 
the wilderness beyond. 

I have described the house as simple and unpretentious, 
but some space must be given to its description, for its gentle 

beauty is quite of the same 

type as that which distin- 
guishes the whole of the 
outlands and gardens. The 
little entrance porch is sup- 
ported by two Roman 
Ionic columns, and_ has 
steps and floor slabs of 
white marble. You enter 
immediately into the hall, 
for as the house is used in 
summer only, no vestibule 
is needed. ‘The hall runs 
straight through from 

north to south. It has a 

hardwood floor and a low 

wainscot of wood painted 
ivory-white; the upper 

walls are covered with a 

charming greenish tapes- 

try paper, and there is a 

plain cornice and ceiling. 

There is much old furni- 

ture here, as throughout 

the house. An old-gold 
mirror hangs above a pine- 
apple table, and on the op- 
posite wall is a fine old 

Flemish portrait. To the 

right of the entrance is a 

recess behind two columns 

with capitals of Indian 
| corn. ‘The stairs to the 

second story rise within; 

in an arched recess is an 

old tall clock. Under the 

stairs is the door to Mr. 
French’s room, a small apartment that he feels he can rightly 
call his own. It has the low white wainscot of the hall, with 
a dark steel-blue paper above. ‘The fireplace has red brick 
facings and lining and a whitewood mantel and paneled over- 
mantel. 

Further on is the drawing-room, entered through a ma- 
hogany door. The woodwork is ivory-white, with low wain- 
scot and striped paper in two tones of green. The cornice 
has little slit-like notches arranged in groups of four; the 
ceiling is plain. The fireplace has facings of red Numidian 
marble, with lining of red brick. The overmantel is of wood, 
paneled, and the mantel ornaments are chiefly antiques. Op- 
posite is a triple window with dotted Swiss ruffle sash cur- 
tains and inner curtains of cretonne with stripes of roses. On 
each side are two silver antique girandoles, with candles 
within glass shades. The furniture is chiefly Colonial. This 
room opens on to a side porch; the doors are glazed to the 
floor and curtained like the window. ‘The porch ‘3 stuccoed 
on sides and ceiling and is contained within three elliptical 


DOE it as ~ 


a TS... 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 


A glimpse of the studio garden 


arches with frames of wood. The dining-room is imme- 
diately opposite the drawing-room on the other side of the 
hall. It has a white-painted wainscot and blue-figured two- 
toned paper. The wood mantel contains a fireplace with 
facings of red brick laid in reddish mortar and a similar 
lining. A large oll-gold mirror is above the shelf. As 
elsewhere the furniture here is old and in fine taste. Be- 
yond is the breakfast-room, which is actually a porch similar 
to the one which opens from the drawing-room. Its walls, 
decorated by Mr. French’s sister-in-law, have a yellowish 
tone, with painted garlands of fruits and flowers. An 
Italian terra-cotta Madonna and Child is let into the house 
wall. The easterly archway is projected and trellised as a 
bay window; in the center is a small plaster figure on a 
black marble pedestal; without it is thickly overgrown with 
grape vines. The furniture is of wood painted dark green. 
A larger table top, in lighter green, with a painted 


The chief entrance to the studio 


circle of fruits and leaves, can be adjusted to the smaller 
center table when needed, and when not in use stands against 
the wall. 

At each end of the hall is a door, with narrow window 
openings on either side from floor to ceiling. That on the 
north is the door of entrance; that on the south opens into a 
terrace and overlooks the whole valley below. The archi- 
tecture of this front, which is the side presented to the road, 
is precisely that of the entrance front, save that the separate 
indication of the service rooms is not here apparent. On 
each side of the door is a triple window, one for the drawing- 
room and one for the dining-room; there are five windows in 
the second story and two dormers in the roof, which is 
shingled and has a balustraded summit. At each end is a 
porch, one of which serves as the breakfast-room. On the 
doorsteps are two hydrangeas in red terra-cotta jars. ‘The 
steps descend to a pebbled terrace with a low border of 


‘Lie gate to the studio garden 


The exedra adjoming the studio 


10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Japanese barberry. 
Without is a low 
stone wall with a 
coping of blue-gray 
marble and_ piers 
supporting red 
Italian pots with 
shaped plants of box 
and evergreens. Be- 
low is the lawn. 
Here are some fine 
fruit trees, and to 
the left, looking 
out, is a well, ir- 
regularly placed as 
regards the house, 
and’ contained 
within a wall of 
built-up stone, that 
belonged to an old 


The studio and its outer porch 


January, 1909 


studio occupies the 
whole of the inner 
portion of the build- 
ing. As a matter of 
fact this is not the 
only workshop on 
the place, for Mr. 
French has another 
studio at some dis- 
tance off across the 
road, on the edge of 
a declivity, which is 
used for work de- 
signed to occupy an 
elevated position on 
a building. On the 
south side of the 
smaller studio is a 
porch, with pergola 
ends or wings. The 


farmhouse that gave place to the present house. The road building has no windows here at all, and but a single small 


is below, but not near, and is quite well beneath the lawn 
level. But to its greater concealment there is an irregular 


planting of shrubbery, roughly semi- 
circular in form, and entirely natural- 
istic in effect. 

There is a wonderful and marvel- 
ous view to be had from the door 
of the terrace front. One looks 
out over valleys and mountains above 
mountains, until, on a misty day, 
the furthermost seems so utterly 
removed that it is scarce believable 
there can be a world beyond it. 
In the foreground is a_ gigantic 
heap known as ‘The Monument”; 
“The Dome,” called Mt. Washing- 
ton in Massachusetts, is the name 
given to the most remote. But mere 
names are unimportant here, exactly 
as mere words are inadequate to de- 
scribe the loveliness and the grandeur 
of the outlook. “It was what brought 
us here,” said Mr. French, and truly 
the whole vicinity contains no more 
superb attraction. 

One naturally begins at “Chester- 
wood” with the studio, and one quite 


as naturally ends with it. A little porch on the side admits the 
visitor to a handsomely furnished reception-room, while the 


Sculptured seat in the woods 


door on one side that opens directly into the workroom. In 
the center of the wall are two piers, each with a figure carved 


and sunk within its surface. On the 
plain wall between them is a delicate 
festoon, and below is a great bench. It 
is a majestic and remarkable decora- 
tion, truly emblematic of the noble 
uses to which this structure is put, and 
finely typical of the artistic sensibility 
of the great artist who works within. 

No one knows the time when the 
Berkshire Hills have not presented 
their wooded summits to the blue vault 
of heaven; one can, perhaps, count the 
time during which they have been 
known to civilized man. Yet immortal 
as these hillsides are, so also is the 
fame of the delightful and cultivated 
gentleman who, in the intervals of 
his professional work, has created 
this charming and lovely place. Of 
nature beauty the Berkshires have a 
plenty and to spare, yet new renown 
and fresh fame must come to them 
because of the noble works of genius 
this quiet artist is silently creating on 


Glendale’s hillside. Mr. French has 


been fortunate in being able to develop a simple estate, ample 
for every demand he might make of it. 


The sleeping child, by Edward Potter, N. A. 


January, 1909 


PVerE Re GerAGN “OWES AND GARDENS [1 


A Curious Collection of Bottles 


By Ada Walker Camehl 


MONG the numerous fads and fancies of 

the house furnisher of to-day none is more 
quaint and interesting than the decorative 
use of the vari-colored bottles and flasks of 
many shapes and sizes, which are relics of 
one of the oldest enterprises of our country. 
These bottles are found in a great variety 
of color, ranging from dark browns, blues and reds to lighter 
shades of olive, russet, claret, emer- 
ald green, pale blue and transparent 
white. When grouped upon a tall 
mahogany sideboard or table, and 
placed so that the sunlight falls upon 
them, they form a rich and effective 
mass of decoration. 

The shapes of these bottles are 
many and curious. There are tall 
bottles with long necks and fat 
bodies, short squat bottles with 
scarcely any necks at all, bottles with 
ribbed edges and bottles with plain 
edges. Each manufacturer had his 
own peculiar contour, length of neck 
or character of ribs; and, as glass- 
ware did not bear the maker’s mark 
as did the earthenware of the same 
period, the age of the bottles is 
discovered by these characteristics 
alone. 

The oldest bottles are distin- 
guished by the shape of the mouth, 
which is straight and plain, and was 
cut off with shears irregularly at the 
top while still plastic; and also by the 
rough circular scar on the bottom, 


Mt 8 SE ‘iid 


A railroad bottle of 1825 


left when the bottle was broken off from the punty rod by the 
workman. Bottles of a later date have a rim around the 
mouth and a smooth, hollow base, due to the improvement in 
manufacture whereby a case was used to hold the glass. 
Later still, bottles and flasks were made with plain, flat 
bottoms. 

Not only are these bottles interesting in form and color, 
but the decorations upon them are of peculiar historical 
value to Americans, as they bear 
portraits of many of our national 
heroes, and many of the incidents of 
our early history are recorded upon 
their sides. 

The story of our glass manufac- 
ture goes back to the time of our 
Colonies, when glass bottles and 
beads were made for trade with the 
Indians. But the chief interest to a 
bottle collector lies in the output of 
the first half of the nineteenth cen- 
tury. During those years the potters 
of Staffordshire were decorating blue 
dinner sets with portraits of our po- 
litical and military heroes, and send- 
ing them in great quantities to our 
shores. ‘The exceeding popularity of 
these historical dishes prompted the 
makers of bottles to adopt the same 
practise; and straightway the faces 
of Washington, Franklin, Lafayette 
and other national characters were 
blown in the sides of flasks. Many 
of the portraits are easily recogniz- 
able, and reflect credit upon the 
artists who made the design. 


A Charley Ross,bottle 


A Pike’s Peak bottle 


A Jenny Lind bottle 


12 


A group of old American‘bottles 


The American eagle and shield, various Masonic emblems, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


a cornucopia filled with fruit, and vases of flowers, were also ‘‘Lowell.” 


used. I have seen a curious old American bottle in the 


form of a violin, with 
the glass colored the 
soft yellows and browns 
of that instrument. 
One of the oldest and 
most historic is the rail- 
road bottle, made in 
1825. Our first railroad 
was a primitive affair of 
wooden rail and horse 
power, yet its memory 
survives in these quaint 
glass souvenirs. The 
one pictured in the illus- 
tration’ iS) (Of a. rich 
brown color, and has 
in relief on one side a 
horse drawing a loaded 
car along a wooden rail. 
Above are the words 
‘Success to the Rail- 
road.” On the reverse 
is the American eagle 
and stars, all in relief. 
The story of the ‘‘Suc- 
cess” thus naively pre- 
dicted, and since made 
real in our twentieth 


century rolling palaces of speed and luxury, would be an 
Arabian night’s entertainment to the originator of this quaint 
design. Another railroad bottle has the word ‘“‘Railroad”’ 


Two book bottles ; the large one holds three quarts, the small one, one pint 


January, 1909 


Two examples of New England book bottles 


in relief above the horse and wagon, while below is the word 


The bottle bearing the head of General Lafayette on one 


side and of De Witt 
Clinton on the other 
commemorates the open- 
ing of the Erie Canal in 
1825, at which cere- 
mony the French Gen- 
eral was present. 

The famous “Log- 
cabin” and Hivamgd 
Cider” campaign of 
1840 is responsible for 
bottles in the form of a 
log cabin. These have 
a door and windows in- 
dicated upon them, and 
upon the sloping roof 
the date “1840” ap- 
pears. The chimney 
serves for the mouth of 
the bottle. 

Our war with Mex- 
ico in 1846-47 gave 
occasion for special de- 
signs in bottles. The 
head of Zachary Taylor, 
with the words “Gen- 
eral Taylor never sur- 
renders,” appears upon 


some; while others bear the bust of Capt. Braxton Bragg, 
with General Taylor’s famous command to him, “A little 
more grape, Captain Bragg,” in raised letters above the head. 


Bennington cow cream jug 


Bennington dogs 


January, 1909 


The rush for gold to California, beginning in 1849, gave 
rise to bottles with exceedingly realistic decoration. ‘The 
long-faced gentleman in the illustration in military cap and 
claw-hammer coat, with his bundle of mining tools slung 
over his shoulder, is evidently making rapid strides into the 
West. His attire no doubt is meant to signify the haste in 
which he left his home. Old residents of Western New 
York remember seeing “prairie schooners” passing westward 
along the road from Buffalo to Chicago, with “Pike’s Peak 
or bust!’ painted on the canvas covers. Returning stragglers 
displayed only the last word of this motto. 

The Jenny Lind and Kossuth bottles commemorate the 
visits of those famous celebrities to our shores, while the 
bottle bearing the face of Charley Ross recalls one of the 
saddest incidents of its kind in our history. 

The collector in his search for bottles will find curious 
specimens made in the shape of books. ‘These are of various 
sizes. The largest one in the illustration will hold three 
quarts, and the smallest one pint. The mouth is situated 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 


near the back of the book. These bottles are not made of 
glass, but of the rich brown pottery of Bennington, Vt. Old 
people tell me that these book-bottles were designed in this 
form so that liquid refreshment of various sorts—butter- 
milk, cold tea, or possibly something stronger—might be 
conveniently carried to church services, which, in olden times, 
were affairs of the whole Sabbath day. The morning ser- 
vice was followed by intermission for rest and luncheon be- 
fore the service of the afternoon. Another story is to the 
effect that these book-bottles were made to evade the pro- 
hibition laws of New England. The words ‘‘Departed 
Spirits” which are imprinted in the back of one of the smaller 
bottles leave the reader in puzzled uncertainty as to whether 
they were meant to apply to the inner condition of the bottle 
or to direct the thoughts to realms above. 

About eighty different designs of old glass bottles have 
been found. ‘They are not to be despised as plebeian. They 
deserve a place beside the cherished china and pewter of 
their own generation, and should be carefully preserved. 


Wild Animals in Captivity 


By Esther Low 


M1 RAPID and general is the encroachment 
of civilization upon the still wild portions 
of the continent to-day that the time is not 
inconceivably distant when these unexplored 
or unsettled territories will be completely 
given over to man. And with this slow but 
certain domination arises the almost inevita- 
ble assimilation of the aboriginal inhabitants and the com- 
plete extinction of the fauna, the latter usually taking place 
with extraordinary rapidity. An unfortunate example of 
these truths is the present condition of the American Indian 
and the American bison, the first disappearing and hopelessly 
degenerated, and the former countless millions of the second 
represented here and there by a few small herds in private 
parks or zoological gardens. Here, too, become evident 
the invaluable services of 
zoological collections, not 
only as a means of present 
education, but also in the ~ 
preservation for our future Ch tk 


generations of the rapidly Ny . ts Fe eg be 
5 Ves ST, 
ek . Pe ’ <a 


¥ 


vanishing animal species of 
to-day. 

New York City is pe- , 
culiarly fortunate in the 
possession of two excellent 
collections of this charac- 
ter, the old Central Park 
Zoo, the favorite haunt for 
generations of the city’s 
children, and the splendid 
New York Zoological 
Park inaugurated a few 
years ago in the Bronx, 
and to-day comparing fav- 
orably with the foremost 
institutions of like char- 
acter inthe world. It 
would be too ambitious to 
discuss both these zoologi- 
cal collections in detail in 
this sketch, which is in- 
tended to be merely ex- 
planatory of the accom- 


Hard traveling for the elephant in Bronx Park 


panying illustrations which were made from photographs 
taken at random among the animals both in Central Park 
and in the Bronx. One of the most attractive features of 
the latter institution is unquestionably found in the spacious 
buildings in which the animals are housed, structures not 
only fully answering the purpose for which they were in- 
tended, but which please the eye with their architectural 
beauty as well. Massive stone and handsome woodwork, 
glistening tiling, mosaic and quantities of appropriate plants 
have almost done away with the idea that the exhibition is 
one of caged wild animals, while the latest improvements in 
sanitation and ventilation have practically obviated a fea- 
ture formerly so difficult to disassociate from zoological 
collections—the offense to the sightseer’s poor nose. 

Those of the illustrations which were taken in Central 
Park are of Dewey, the 
patriarch of the lion 
house; of Jennie, the larg- 
est leopardess; of Keeper 
Snyder’s trick elephant 
Hattie, and of the curious 
Tibetan yak. The artistic 
value of the first two pho- 
tographs mentioned needs 
no remark. The splendid 
head of the great lion is 
shown in a characteristic 
pose which goes far to- 
ward substantiating the 
title “King of the Beasts.”’ 
Striking, too, is the head 
of the great spotted cat, 
with its heavy light and 
shade effects. The muscu- 
lar relaxation of its quiet 
dignity still does not con- 
ceal the lurking menace 
ever present in the inscrut- 
able eyes. The leopard 
is undoubtedly one of the 
least reliable of the cat 
family, and Jennie’s facial 
expression, quite opposite 
to Dewey’s open defiance, 


14 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 


articles of food. The domestication of 
the yak first took place centuries ago—how 
many it is impossible to say—and to-day 
a great part of the wealth of Tibet is 
counted in herds of this useful animal. 
The four remaining photographs were 
taken in the New York Zoological Park. 
The buftalo is one of the largest bulls in 
the fine herd which the collection includes. 
The great shaggy head wears a rather 
bored expression, for in order to take the 
photograph, Mr. Bison was interrupted 
in the pleasurable occupation of eating his 
lunch, and as the photograph shows, he 
did not even have time to use his napkin. 
The illustration gives the observer a good 
idea of the massive head and powerful 
fore-quarters of these wild cattle of the 
plains, now unfortunately practically ex- 
tinct. ‘The elephant is of about the same 
size as Hattie, and nearly as clever. It is 
used to carry the children, who obtain the 


does not contradict this characteristic. 
Keeper Snyder, who is well known to 
the New York public as an expert ele- 
phant trainer, is here shown putting his 
favorite, Hattie, through her clever paces. 
Hattie, despite her worried expression, is 
a most affable creature and we feel sure 
that the difficulty of her balancing act quite 
warrants her perturbation of mind. ‘The 
yak, photographed at the door of his 
domicile, is an inoffensive creature as a 
rule, though his undomesticated relatives 
ot the Central Asian mountains will some- 
times charge upon hunters or travelers 
with the utmost ferocity. ‘To the inhabi- 
tants of Tibet, which country is Mr. Yak’s 
native heath, he is practically invaluable, 
being used as a bearer of burdens where 
no other four-footed creature can go, his 
thick, soft fur supplying his master with 
excellent covering, while yak milk, butter 
and flesh are said to be without equal as Hattie performing one of her difficult tricks 


exciting pleasure of an elephant ride upon 
the payment of a nominal sum. As the 
photograph was taken, the huge pachy- 
derm was stepping over the wire fences 
along one of the walks, and it is ludicrous 
to see the almost painful carefulness with 
which the ponderous foot is raised so as 
not to injure the obstacle. The two bears 
are of the European Brown variety, and 
are the particular friends of the keeper 
shown in the engraving. So peaceful and 
even suppliant do they look as posed for 
the picture that it is hard to imagine the 
enormous muscular effort and blind rage 
of which they are capable when aroused. 
The single bear on the rock is a very large 
Silvertip Grizzly, presented to the Park by 
the Engineers’ Club of New York Citv. 
The grizzly is acknowledged to be one of 
the most powerful and ferocious animals 


The Silvertip grizzly presented by the Engineers’ Club to the Bronx Zoo in existence, and the appearance of that 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1S 


fear ROS 
[ea St 


A prominent member of the Buffalo herd in the Bronx 


member of the family shown in the illustration does not 
belie these characteristics, notwithstanding that his object 
appears to be merely the peaceful acquisition of a peanut 
in the keeper’s hand. 

A great deal of unnecessary sentiment is unquestionably 
wasted on the subject of animals in captivity. If animals 
are truly thinking beings it is often supposed that they suffer 
many real as well as many imaginary harms, injuries. Nature 
writers to the contrary, it still remains true that we do not 
know what animals may think—if they think at all—on any 
subject. It is impossible, therefore, to certify as to their 
views on captivity with even a tolerable degree of certainty. 
We know, of course, that even in the most favorable condi- 
tions the circumstances attending captivity in menageries and 
collections of animals do not approach the reality of existence 
in more than the most casual manner. But against this is to 
be placed the great fact that animals in captivity are, as a 


Two gentlemanly European brown bears in the Bronx Park Zoo 


rule, better care for, have better quarters, have more 
abundant food supplied with quite unnatural regularity, than 
any wild beast can possibly have. 

Doubtless it is true enough that the animals so situated 
do not know this. Their natural state is free, and without 
their natural freedom even human care and regular food 
can not successfully compete. Creature comforts, indeed, 
sometimes seem quite secondary to wild animals, who often 
enough refuse to recognize or value the care that is lavished 
upon them. 

Modern zoological science, as typified and exemplified in 
the modern zoological garden, rises as completely to the re- 
quirements of natural living as it now seems possible to do. 
This is particularly true of the garden of the New York 
Zoological Society. We have, at all events, no reason to 
assume that the animals there housed are not treated with 
the most intelligent care. 


Dewey, one of the fine lions in Central Park 


Jennie in an effective pose 


16 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


January, 1909 


The Summer Home of Theodore Conrow, Esq. 


ably demonstrated 
his ability to build a 
house which may 
contain the usual 
number of rooms re- 
quired by a good 
sized family, fitted 
with all the appoint- 
ments which are 
necessary for a well 
regulated house, and 
to inclose the whole 
with an exterior that 
is representative of 
good, wholesome 
construction and 
unique and pleasing 
to the eye. And 
this, if you please, 
for the small sum 
of seven thousand 
dollars. 

The elevations of 
the house are broken 
sufficiently to take 
away its square 
lines and at the same 
time permit of a lit- 
tle freedom in de- 
sign. 

The foundation is 
built of stone, and 
the underpinning of 
brick. - Phe ‘feature 
of the exterior is the 
piazza, which has 
massive piers built 
of concrete blocks, 
laid with a wide 
mortar joint, so that 
a different appear- 
ance from the usual 
form is produced. 
The openings _ be- 
tween these piers 
are partly veiled by 
a trellis of lattice 
work on which there 
are growing vines. 
The exterior walls 
are of shingles 
placed on the regu- 
lated construction 
walls, and are 


R. CONROW’S summer home presents a 
scheme for a house which not only com- 
bines all the essentials for a summer home, 
but is also well adapted by its arrangement 
of rooms for an all-the-year-round house. 
Mr. Aymar Embury, II, of New York, was 


Water Mill, Long Island 
By Charles Chauncey 


os 


it OBER Sas 


The abounding comforts of a spacious piazza 


The dining-room is furnished in a yellow color scheme 


stained a soft brown color, while the blinds and sash are 
stained a similar color in a darker tone. 

The living-room, reached direct from the piazza, extends 
across the entire breadth of the house. 
cypress, stained and finished in a Flemish brown. At one 
end is a fireplace, built of brick and finished with a wooden 
the architect ot this house, and he has very mantelshelf. The staircase, while outside of the line of the 


It is trimmed with 


living-room, is a 
part of it, for it 
opens into it from 
a recess in which 
the stairs are built, 
by an open balus- 
trade. The newel 
post is formed by a 
square column ex- 
tending to the ceil- 
ing and supporting 
a beamed arch. The 
walls of the living- 
room are covered 
with a dull green 
burlap. 

The library has a 
soft brown stained 
trim and brick fire- 
place, with a hearth 
and facings built of 
similar brick, and a 
mantel. Bookcases 
are built in on either 
side of the fireplace. 
The walls are cov- 
ered with a crimson 
burlap, and white 
and green striped 
curtains of soft ma- 
terial are hung at 
the windows. 

The dining-room 
trim is finished with 
a yellowish - brown 
stain, while the walls 
are covered with a 
mustard colored 
burlap. The cur- 
tains hung at the 
windows are of a 
yellow and white 
striped material. 

The butler’s pan- 
try, fitted with 
drawers, cupboards, 
sink and closets, has 
double-acting doors 
from both the din- 
ing-room and the 
kitchen. Thekitchen, 
laundry and its de- 
pendencies are well 
arranged for light, 


January, 1909 


ventilation and ap- 
pointments. 

The second floor is 
finished with a natural 
trim and tinted walls. 
This floor contains five 
bedrooms and two 
bathrooms. The bath- 
rooms are within easy 
access of the bedroom, 
and are furnished with 
porcelain fixtures and 
exposed nickelplated 
plumbing. The own- 
er’s suite has an open 
fireplace and a dress- 
ing-room. 

The servants’ bed- 
rooms are furnished in 
the third floor. Heat- 
ing apparatus, fuel 
rooms and cold storage 
room are placed in the 
cellar. 

The house of Mr. 
Conrow’s has varied 
features of interest, 
and it is the expres- 
sion of what was re- 
quired by the owner 
and his family, 
which was very well 
and carefully car- 
ried out by the archi- 
tect, Mr. Embury, 
who designed the 
house; and on no 
occasion did this 
dwelling fail in its 
planning nor lose 
interest to the de- 
signer, and the 
whole is the happy 
result of a careful 
carrying out of what 
the owner really 
wanted in the way of 
a summer house. 

It frequently oc- 
curs when an archi- 
tect designs a house 
for a client that he 
gives his attention 
and spends his time in 
designing an exterior 
which will contain 
such features that are 
pleasing and _ attrac- 
tive to the eye, and 
losing sight of the 
fact that in reality 
the most important 
feature of a house is 
the interior arrange- 
ment; the connection 
of one room with an- 
other, the whole gen- 
eral scheme of con- 
venience for the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The piazza piers of concrete inclose trellis screens and arches 


17 


various relations of the rooms to each other, for 
light, and ventilation, as well as for the proper 
exposure, are all points to be well considered. 
Mr. Conrow’s house presents all these salient 
points, and the architect has been able to secure 


‘KITCHEN. 


ITC* 14 0™ 


both a pleasant exterior and a well arranged 


plan. The house, as 
already stated, was 
built for a summer 
home, consequently it 
was deemed best to 
face it with its front 
toward the southwest, 
while its rear faced the 
northeast. By placing 
the living-rooms on 
side of the house, as a 


study of the plans will re- 
veal, it will be found that 
the principal living-rooms 
have a Southern exposure. 
IRST-FLQOR- Plan: This point is considered an important one for the 
reason that the prevailing winds in summer are 
from the south; and this being the case it is to be 


naturally supposed 
that the planning 
and the placing of a 
house as outlined 
has an advantage 
over one built in the 
reversed position. 
The grounds 
about the estate 
have been weil de- 
veloped. There is a 
sweeping driveway 
which swings in 
from the road to the 
side of the house 
and then to the 
stable beyond. An- 
other entrance is 
made direct to the 
house from a walk 
which extends in 
feTOume the tO! aids 


which passes in front of the property. Con- 
siderable landscape work has been done about 
the place, including a semi-formal garden, 


which is laid out at one side of the property, 


and with a_ view 


ay [eee from the _living- 


- SECOND: FLOOR: PLAN - 


room of the house, 
and also from the 
piazza, which is 
really the living- 
room in summer. 
These vistas are 
most attractive and 
add much to the 
pleasure of country 
life. 


The whole general scheme of the interior is 


most excellent, and the artistic furnishings help 
to carry out the principles of decorations as 
outlined by the architect in his interior treat- 


ment. 


The rooms are complete in themselves 


and a harmonious whole. Nothing so com- 
pletely destroys the effect of a room so much 


18 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 


to accommodate three horses. The stalls 
are fitted up with ornamental iron trim- 
mings, and are supplied with patent feed 
chutes. 

The carriage room is fitted with har- 
ness closets inclosed with glass doors. The 
walls and ceilings are ceiled with North 
Carolina pine, stained and finished with 
forest-green effect. 

The second story contains the coach- 
man’s quarters and ample storage room for 
feed. The garage is built so as to be con- 


The stairs and living-room 


as the introduction of a gaudy, conspicu- 
ous, unartistic object which has no right 
place in a well designed and artistically 
arranged home. 

It is not the question of money in the 
furnishing of an artistic house, but the 
wealth of good taste which we may have 
in selecting the proper color scheme and 
the necessary objects of furniture and 
decoration; for anyone with good taste 
can accomplish very much more in house- 
hold decoration than one who simply 
has money to spend. ‘The stable and 
garage are built at one end of the estate, 
from which a road leads to the street di- The library with its built-in bookcases 
rect, and indirectly to the house and then 
to the street. The stable is thoroughly equipped with all the nected with the stable, but it has a separate entrance. It is 
necessary features. It has a large carriage room and a stable fitted with a workbench. 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 19 


What Colonial Architecture Really Is 


By C. Howard Walker 


HE term Colonial architecture is applied, as 
its name indicates, to the architecture of the 
English Colonies in America before the 
Revolution, and to the buildings which are 
based upon the same factors of design in 
the period when the young republic began 
to erect town halls, State capitols and other 

buildings, both for civic uses and for private individuals, after 
the depression caused by the war. Recent buildings of the 
latter part of the nineteenth century have also been termed 
Colonial, whenever any factors of the types mentioned have 
been incorporated in their design. The difference between 
the modern Colonial imitation and its prototype varies in each 
and every example, and justification for the variations is 
assumed because of the fact that 
there were different types of ar- 
chitectural design in Colonial 
times. 

For example, the buildings of 
Virginia had individual char- 
acteristics which were absent in 
those of New England, and the 


affected the plan, creating the central hall with rooms of 
equal size on either side and single windows at regular inter- 
vals rather than the grouped windows of the mullioned types. 

Third, the designing of openings, whether doors or 
windows, higher than they were wide, this applying even to 
the Palladian motive, i. e., the larger central arched opening 
flanked by narrow squareheaded openings carried only to the 
spring of the arch. The use of vertical rectangles as open- 
ings in a horizontal rectangle as a facade is characteristic of 
Colonial design. It is, therefore, evident that buildings 
which may in all other respects conform to Colonial details 
lose at once some of the fundamental character of the style 
if they are without symmetry and if they have openings 
larger horizontally than vertically. 

In city houses in which it is 
necessary to place the entrance 
upon one side, the details alone 
preserve the style, and in grouped 
openings, as in shop fronts, etc., 
where the horizontal measure of 
the openings is wider than the 
vertical, the window is strongly 


latter did not entirely resemble 
those of Pennsylvania or of 
Western New York. But there 
were common factors in all the 
actual Colonial work which much 
of the modern work sees fit to 
ignore or violate. The English 
architecture, which is the parent 
of the Colonial architecture in 
America, was the outcome of the 
Classic revival in England under 
Sir Christopher Wren. It was 
strongly influenced by Wren’s 
travels in Italy and his study of 
Italian palaces, and was, in fact, 
an adaptation of Italian work to 
English requirements and con- 
ditions. 

The classical factors which are 
associated with Colonial archi- 
tecture are as follows: First, the general proportion of 
height and width of facades. The tendency is that of long, 
low facades, and few buildings have the thorough Colonial 
quality which are higher than they are wide. This does not 
apply to church towers or spires or to porticoes, but to 
facades only. 

Second, the strong regard for symmetry upon either side 
of a central axis. It will be found by comparison of the 
actual Colonial buildings and their modern imitations 
that the character of dignity is given to the earlier type by 
the accent of the central motive and the absolutely simple 
symmetry upon either side of it. In many cases, such as the 
less pretentious houses in the smaller streets of Portsmouth, 
Salem, Newburyport, Newport, Germantown and New- 
castle, Delaware, there is little more than a dignified door- 
way, flanked by a well proportioned, symmetrical facade. 
Even the cornice is unornamented. Yet these houses are 
thoroughly Colonial, and have much better scale and greater 
charm than facades with various orders of architecture used 
as ornament and with garlanded friezes and oval windows. 
This formal symmetry was the direct outcome of derivation 
from Italian palaces through English country houses and 


A fine Colonial doorway, “ Harwood,” Annapolis 


subdivided by mullions creating 
a series of vertical rectangles. 
The next attribute of proportions 
in Colonial buildings is the grad- 
ual diminution of heights of 
openings in successive stories, in 
the usual dwelling. There are 
naturally types of building in 
which the principal rooms are 
upon the second or other floors 
than the first, and which have 
larger openings than those on 
the ground floor, but in the ma- 
jority of dwellings the openings 
decrease in height above the first 
floor. 

The window openings under 
the eaves or cornice are often 
square and in some cases are 
broader than they are high, 
and are the exception to the usual vertical rectangles. But 
this is in most cases occasioned by a desire to keep as far as 
possible the proportion of an architectural order in the 
facade, these attic windows being in the frieze and corre- 
sponding somewhat to the metopes of the Doric order. 
The work, as has been shown, was developed from stone 
architecture, and while the simpler buildings confine detail 
to the portal and the cornice, the more elaborate examples 
have the corners of the building treated with quoins and 
pilasters. The quoins merely indicate stone corners, but 
the pilasters are often designed with high pedestals and 
carry an entire entablature, all of which is carefully 
proportioned according to the canons of the orders of archi- 
tecture. 

This is quite in accord with sixteenth century Renais- 
sance design. In many cases, as has been mentioned, the 
attic windows are in the frieze of the entablature, and count 
merely as spots in the frieze, and are sometimes either cir- 
cular in form, or are horizontal ovals. Vertical ovals are not 
used for the attic windows, and in fact are rare, occasionally, 
however, being found on either side of a doorway or im- 
portant opening. Buildings, therefore, which employ order 


| 
| 
) 


AMERICAN HOMI] 


“ Shirley” is a good example of a difficult problem, with its many windows treated without affectation 


AND GARDENS 21 


Pewmece wane SRY 


“Westover,” excellent, well proportioned and well detailed 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


“Shirley” is a good example of a difficult problem, with its many windows treated without affectation 


Excellent design throughout “ Westover,” excellent, well proportioned and well detailed 


22 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


above order in a facade 
have not a marked Co- 
lonial character, and the 
accidental and occasional 
use of an oval opening is 
quite at variance with 
actual Colonial work, 
which is especially noted 
for its formality. The 
openings are placed over 
each other and with tops 
and sills on the same hori- 
zontal line, occasional and 
accidental openings being 
carefully avoided. So much 
is this the case that it is 
not unusual to find stair- 
cases crossing openings, in 
fact the design of the ex- 
terior is never sacrificed to 
minor details of the in- 
terior, though it thoroughly announces major details. ‘This 
fact has been little appreciated in modern Colonial work, in 
which all sorts of incidental interior details are indicated on 
the outside, such as small windows for bathrooms and china 
closets, staircase windows fcllowing the run of the stairs, 
and other disturbing factors. In planning in the Colonial 
style there must be constant give and take between the plan 
and the exterior, the partitions being adjusted so that the 
windows may be arranged upon regular intervals, the in- 
terior details being accommodated to the openings, and the 
openings themselves being arranged relatively to the es- 
sentials of the plan, but sacrificing nothing to the incidentals. 

There is nothing that so destroys all quality of simplicity 
and dignity in Colonial architecture as a lack of discrimina- 
tion between broad, simple proportions and petty detail. 
The preceding remarks have applied to the mass of the 
building and its openings. The roof must necessarily be 
proportioned to the mass. It can be flat, pitched with hips, 
with or without a deck, or with gables, but requires sym- 
metry at either end of the roof. Of the pitched roofs there 
are three distinct types, i. e., the gambrel roofs with gables 
at ends, the hopper or hipped roofs, seldom more than of 
forty-five degrees 
pitch, having a ridge; 
and the hopper roofs 
with decks. An oc- 
casional hopper roof 
occurs which is pene- 
trated by an_ attic 
story at the usual line 
of the deck, but this is 
occasioned by special 
requirements and_ is 
not attractive. The 
flat roofs and deck 
roofs have often a 
balustrade. All the 
pitched roofs can 
have dormers, but it 
is to be noted that in 
the actual Colonial 
work the dormers are 
narrow and small. 
There have been no 
more abused factors 
of Colonial architec- 
ture in modern work 
than the dormers, 


Palladian motif in wrong position; dormer roofs too steep 


A well designed house with few errors 


January, 1909 


_which have been made 
wide, often with grouped 
instead of single openings 
and with little discrimina- 
tion in regard to their posi- 
tion upon the roof. It is 
not necessary that they 
should be upon the axis of 
the wall openings below, 
but they should be placed 
symmetrically upon either 
side of the central axis and 
should be kept away from 
the hips. Occasionally a 
vertical wall is built be- 
tween the dormers, giving 
additional space in the 
rooms, but this rarely oc- 
curs excepting in modern 
work. 

Next in importance are 
porticoes and porches. In the early examples columns were 
single and arranged with regular intercolumniation. The 
doubling of the columns at the ends of the portico to the 
Boston State House was considered a distinct innovation. 
Whether the order of architecture was carried through more 
than one story or not was entirely a matter of the monu- 
mental character desired, but in very few cases were there 
two distinct orders of widely different scale used. The widen- 
ing of the intercolumniation between the center columns of 
a portico was resorted to at times, but disturbed the sim- 
plicity of the facade, and the expedient of placing columns 
close to supporting pilasters at either end of an opening 
so frequent in modern work, only occurs in a few minor and 
unimportant instances. [he projection of the porticoes was 
less than the intercolumniations. The ordinary practise of 
to-day in designing so-called Colonial porches and porticoes 
is to not only project them more than the distance between 
the columns, but to double and even to treble the columns at 
the corners and to associate columns with square attenuated 
piers. The result is very confusing in proportions and 
shadows, but the worst solecism committed is where porticoes 
have no pilasters at the house wall, where the entablature 
apparently penetrates 
the building, or is 
carried by an entirely 
uncolonial bracket. 
The treatment of en- 
trances has offended 
less in modern work, 
the use of high, nar- 
row side lights with 
or without the fan 
light over the door 
apparently _ offering 
less opportunity for 
peculiar variations. It 
is not unusual, how- 
ever, to find the side 
lights too wide and 
the fan light with an 
unpleasant curve. 
The so-called three- 
centered arch is re- 
sponsible in most 
cases for the latter 
fault, an elliptical 
arch being much 
better. 


23 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


January, 1909 


Alt 


Contains many unnecessary features 


ee 


incongruities 


Full of errors and 


Suu 


AE 


Too much porch for width of house ; Palladian motif too low and 


neze too narrow 


f 


iment too steep 


ped: 
architrave too broad 


Dormers too broad 


dormer pediments too heavy 


° 
> 


small 


indow incongruous 


attic wW: 


’ 


Portico too heavy 


Exhibits few real Colonial features 


gh AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A marked characteristic of Colonial architecture is the 
absence of bow windows, which were factors of styles of less 
formality in design. In modern work, in which these win- 
dows are often essential to the plan, they should be con- 
sidered as major exterior factors, should be arranged to 
balance symmetrically on either side of the central axis, and 
should receive the same dignity of treatment as the porticoes. 
At best they are distinct interpolations in the style. The 
Palladian motive, i. e., an arched opening flanked by two 
narrower square-headed openings, carried only to the spring 
of the arch, is one of the most pronounced motives of Co- 
lonial design. It is an important motive, and for use in two 
ways only, either upon the main axis or in case of announcing 
a large room or hall, in regular repeats, usually in threes, 
fives or sevens, i. e., uneven numbers. It should never be 
squat, that is, the united width of the three openings should 
not exceed the height to the spring of the arch. In modern 
work it is frequently placed off axis and unrelated to any of 
the other openings. It is a distinct advantage in Colonial 
work to arrange the chimneys symmetrically, and while this 
is often impossible, those penetrating each roof should at 
least be carried to the same height. 

The balustrades are of several varieties, some quite heavy, 
simulating stone balustrades, which type should be used upon 
terraces and near the ground. 

The balustrades grow, relatively, lighter toward the top 
of the building. Others are made up of slender, turned bal- 
usters, which should not be over their own diameters apart. 
Still others are of an open character of straight or curved 
diagonals within horizontal rectangles, the thin edge of the 
sections across the direction of the balustrade; these latter 
are very light in appearance. It not infrequently happens 
that the height of the balustrade is disproportionate to the 
entablature below, and seems too high because of the num- 
ber of vertical balusters, while, if it be lowered, the corner 
posts lack accent. 

Because of this fact two expedients have been adopted, 
one of placing terminal vase forms on the corner and division 
posts, the other of carrying these posts higher than the bal- 
ustrade rail and ramping the rail upward at the posts. “The 
latter expedient is rare in early exterior work, though used 
upon interior staircases. Both expedients have been grossly 
exaggerated in modern work. ‘There is nothing that so 
vulgarizes a balustrade as excessively high or large ramps at 
the posts. The turned balusters should be square in plan at 
both ends. A Colonial design of wood should have an ade- 
quate water table, and if corner pilasters are used the water 
table needs projection, even if a shelf occurs in consequence. 
The base line of any classic building requires to be announced. 
The usual object of belt courses is to create long horizontal 
lines lowering the effect of che design. They are more effec- 
tive by their shadows than by their width, and are often too 
broad in modern work. 

The same fault occurs in entablatures. There are many 
admirable Colonial buildings in which the architrave and 
frieze are entirely omitted, the bedmold and cornice alone 
being sufficient for the delicacy of the style. There is no more 
common fault in modern work than the exaggeration of the 
frieze and its over-elaboration. Manifestly an architrave 
over a wall does not require the depth of one over an open- 
ing. In the cases where the attic story becomes the frieze, 
the architrave becomes a belt course below the attic windows 
and the frieze is of the same tone and color as the wall below. 

The cornice is developed from any of the orders of archi- 
tecture, and its bedmold may have beam ends, modillions, 
etc., or not, at will. There is also a type of delicate cove used 
which is often lunetted and made into a bracket course. 
Heavy Florentine bracketed beams and corbel courses are 
not sufficiently delicate for the style, though used in modern 
work. The window and door trims should be narrow rather 


January, 1909 


than wide; they may have a cap molding, and, if desired, be 
pedimented with low triangular or arched pediments, broken 
or unbroken, but these are easily overdone, and are best over 
axial motives and over the dormers. The broken pediments 
of the Colonial style are extremely rich in light and shade, 
and become spotty and irritating if used in excess. 

The subdivisions of the sash have occasioned as much dif- 
ficulty as any factor of the style. The style being a delicate 
one, it does not brook large undivided openings, and the 
window muntins tend to harmonize and often to create the 
scale of the facade. If they are omitted the whole detail 
should become more robust. The subdivision of sashes 
should be regular and alike on both sashes of each window, 
and should be studied for harmonious effect throughout the 
building. The introduction of different sized lights in the 
upper and lower sashes and in adjacent windows is produc- 
tive of confusion of scale. Diagonal lights are entirely out 
of character with the style. The sections of the moldings 
vary with the quality of the types, some being fine and deli- 
cate, others broad and robust, but the same character should 
be kept throughout the design. It is not unusual in modern 
work to see delicate entrances associated with heavy cornices, 
or vice versa, creating confusion in the scale of the building. 
Another important factor is that of keeping the grouped 
moldings with the same facial angles, i. e., if they are based 
upon lines of forty-five degrees, that angle should be domi- 
nant throughout the sections. The general tendency of the 
proportion of rooms or factors in plan is of forms having 
length, the rooms are not square or circular, but have length 
and are oval in plan, and there is the same tendency in the 
porch plan: It is seldom successful if planned upon a portion 
of a circle, and is much better when based upon portions of 
an oval. Long subtle curves in arches and in plan are more 
characteristic of the style than are semicircles, with the ex- 
ception of the use of circular-headed windows in important 
places. 

Colonial interior detail is often more elaborate than ex- 
terior. ‘The mantels are carved and decorated with garlands 
and medallions, the surfaces are fluted with both convex and 
concave flutes, and there is the constant occurrences of oval 
panels filled with the sunburst pattern of radiating flutes. 

The principal characteristics of the style are those of 
dignity, formality, simplicity of arrangement, delicacy of de- 
tails, and subtlety of proportions and uniform scale. The 
faults evident in the imitations of the style are picturesque- 
ness of conception, complexity of arrangement, coarseness 
of detail, and disregard for scale, and these faults are most 
evident in the following factors of the design: First, in the 
use of orders of widely different character and scale. Second, 
in disregard of accent of axis. Third, in disregard of the 
placing of openings on the same horizontal lines and over 
each other and of their vertical character. Fourth, in the 
disregard of simplicity of arrangement of columns and of 
intercolumniation. Fifth, in the too frequent use of cir- 
cular forms in plan instead of oval forms. Sixth, in the 
over-elaboration of detail, excess of broken pediments, etc. 
Seventh, in the disregard of scale in the subdivision of the 
windows. Eighth, in the excessive size of friezes, of key- 
stones, and of ramps and of vases. Ninth, in the treatment 
of bow windows unrelated in scale to the facade, and, lastly, 
in- the failure to recognize that Colonial exterior detail 
should be quite as nearly white in tone and color, while in- 
terior detail is preferably white, or gray, or tinted, but can 
be in natural wood of a neutral light tone and color, con- 
trasted with dark doors, stair rails, stairs, floors and furni- 
ture. Upon the exterior it is an architecture of light tone 
throughout, excepting in the doors. In the interior it is 
often an architecture of strong contrasts of a strong dark 
and light. It is not improved by the use of gold, excepting 
in portable objects set upon it as a background. 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 25 


The Mimicry of Plants 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


T IS often in the very beginnings of a 
being’s existence that the most need arises 
for special protective means, and it is there- 
fore not surprising to find that quite a num- 
ber of seeds are examples of mimicry. 


Ass) Doubtless many of these resemblances are 


purely accidental, but in others one can not 
but think that there is a real purpose in the simulation. 
Many seed vessels bear an astonishing likeness to beetles 
and other insects, one of the best known 
perhaps being that of the castor oil 
plant (Ricinus). This, although not 
large enough to make an effective pho- 
tograph, is singularly suggestive of the 
widely distributed Coccinella beetles 
and their allies. The large seeds of 
the genus Chelonospermum, from the 
Pacific Islands, are wonderfully like 
some of the huge tropical Coleoptera. 
As Lord Avebury has pointed out, these 
resemblances might well benefit the 
plants in one of two ways. It might 
be an advantage for the smaller kinds 
of seeds to be swallowed by birds, the 
external coating being able to with- 
stand the action of the digestive juices. 
It is not difficult to conceive that a 
large number of seeds mimicking 
beetles in appearance must be eaten by 
birds, under the impression that the 
morsel is a succulent insect. On the 
other hand, the big seeds, such as those 
of Chelonospermum, might escape unwelcome attention by 
their likeness to insects. Graminivorous birds, which would 
tear the seeds in pieces and destroy them, mistaking the 
vessels for formidable beetles, would avoid tackling them, 
and thus they would remain untouched. 

Some of the most amazing plants in the world are certainly 
those to be numbered among the South African Mesembryan- 
themums. If there is nothing in the theory of protective 
resemblance as applied to plants, these quite defy all explana- 
tion. Glance at the accompanying photograph of a potted 


Some species of Iris are called ‘‘roast beef ’’ plants 
from the odor they emit 


specimen of Mesembryanthemum truncatum. It is abso- 
lutely impossible to distinguish between the succulent shoots 
which form the plant and the pebbles surrounding it. The 
very coloring of this strange specimen is devised so as to 
further the illusion. In another species, although it does not 
make quite so striking a photograph, the resemblance is none 
the less remarkable in the living plant. It is necessary to con- 
sider the conditions under which these strange plants live to 
find a satisfactory reason for this simulation of rock and 
stone. Perhaps there are no two re- 
gions in the world so much alike as the 
desert lands of South Africa and those 
of New Mexico and Arizona. In both 
these districts vegetation can only exist 
by special modifications of growth; 
these usually take the form of a reduc- 
tion or total abandonment of foliage 
and evolution of thick, fleshy stems. 
Now succulent plants, storing up a 
quantity of sweet juice for their own 
consumption, are always liable to the 
attack of parched and thirsty animals 
in a dry country. The American Cacti 
are armed with terrific arrays of thorns, 
but the African Mesembryanthemums 
have a stranger, but quite as effective, 
mode of protection. These ingenious 
plants simply rely on not being seen at 
all, and it is likely that in their extraor- 
dinary simulation of environment there 
is a security upon which it would not be 
easy to improve. 

It is very important on occasion that certain plants should 
be able to advertise their presence. Somehow or other a vast 
number of species have become more or less entirely de- 
pendent upon the good offices of insects to assist them in their 
scheme of fertilization. Of course, the insect goes to the 
flower solely for what he can get, or imagines he will find 
there. The great thing from the plant’s point of. view is to 
induce the visitor to pay his call. To this end it is proved that 
some plants in their flowers aim at a definite simulation 
of carrion-matter which is calculated to attract hordes of 


The dragon Arum, a huge crimson flower 
with a scent of decaying meat 


An orchid resembling a moth. The 


Catasetum from South America 


The Aristolochias is strongly suggestive 
of decaying meat 


26 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Oe 


insects. Ihe well-known dragon arum 
is a case in point. This plant, a native 
of Southern Europe, and an easy sub- 
ject for the garden, produces giant 
flowers, typical of its kind. These are 
colored on the inside of the spathe with 
a most lurid crimson, very suggestive of 
decaying meat. Moreover, the shining 
black spadix rising from the center of 
the bloom adds yet further to the strik- 
ing appearance of the plant. Just as 
the spathe develops, a most disagree- 
able odor is emitted, strangely sugges- 
tive of rotting flesh. So genuine is this 
illusion that the writer knows of actual 
cases in which the plant has been ban- 
ished from the garden simply because 
the owner could not endure the unpleas- 
ant scent. To the insect world the 
suggestion is no less deceiving, for 
large numbers of flies are attracted to 
the flower in the hope that they may 
be able to feast on the carrion. By an ingenious arrange- 
ment many of them are entrapped for a while, and held cap- 
tive until they have become well dusted with pollen. 

There are perhaps few more wonderful flowers in the 
world than those produced by the South American Aris- 
tolochias; these are so huge as to represent almost the largest 
blooms in the world. Many of the species are authoritatively 
stated to lure insects by means of the resemblance which they 
bear to carrion. In particular A. gigas is strongly suggestive 
of decaying meat, while when the blooms are in perfect con- 
dition they send out an odor so unpleasant that it is difficult 
to stay in a hothouse with them without discomfort. Another 
species of the same genus, .\. tricaudata, is of deep purple 
in the tinting of its flowers, while each blossom has three 
long appendages, giving the appearance of the drippings 
which might arise from a piece of meat suspended in the air. 
All these Aristolochias are visited by large numbers of flies, 
on whose agency the plants largely depend for the cross- 
fertilization of their organs. 

The above examples are extreme instances of the simula- 
tion of carrion by flowers, but there are a very large number 
of plants which produce blossoms smelling suggestively of 
rotten meat. Some species of Iris, although they can not be 
said to resemble carrion in their appearance, are certainly 
very strange in their odor. One of these, common in Europe, 
has been given the name of “roast beef” plant on account of 
its scent, which is said to resemble that of cooked meat. Most 
people would feel, however, that that flower scarcely smells 
of anything so wholesome. As a general rule it will be found 
that the majority of brown or luridly colored flowers give 


Mesembryanthemns truncatum, from South African deserts 


Beetle-Ski seeds: Chelonospermum, from 


Pacific Islands 


January, 1909 


off an odor which is not pleasant to 
human beings, although it must prove 
very attractive to flies. 

A particular phase of plant sim- 
ulation which has never been satis- 
factorily explained is that which is 
quite common among orchids. In these 
cases the whole appearance of the 
flower is suggestive of some insect—to 
quite a remarkable degree in some in- 
stances. It does not seem easy to sug- 
gest any real purpose that could be 
served by this resemblance, and yet 
one can scarcely think it to be acci- 
dental. Probably one of the most 
curious examples is the bee orchis (Or- 
chis apifera), a native of Europe. Any- 
one who knew of this orchid, and came 
across it for the first time, would have 
small difficulty in at once recognizing 

The labellum is of a velvety brown 
variegated with yellow, while the two 
lateral petals might very well serve for the wings of the 
insect. 

Nearly related is the fly orchis, a most singular plant in 
the peculiar form of its flowers. These are somewhat small, 
and in the center of the lip there is a small bluish spot, like 
the body of a fly; the two lateral petals are very slender and 
curiously like the antenne of an insect. The whole illusion 
is very complete, and a casual glance suggests that a few 
flies are hanging on to the stem of some plant which has cast 
its flowers. Of course, among the exotic orchids there are 
many which by their strange shapes suggest some insect or 
other. The New World Catasetums are very curious in this 
respect, and a picture of a spray of bloom which is repro- 
duced very much resembles a number of moths with partly 
closed wings. Other instances might be cited in the orchid 
family of this kind of simulation, and it would be a very 
easy matter to fill pages with descriptions of these weird 
flowers. 

Of course it is freely admitted that in these similarities 
shown by orchid flowers there may be nothing of any mean- 
ing; in the way that they appear to us the likenesses may 
serve no end at all. Nevertheless it is rather significant that 
there should be so many cases of this nature to be found in 
one tribe. It has been hinted that perhaps the special insects 
which the orchids mimic are not desired to visit the flowers. 
Any call is discouraged, by making it appear to passing in- 
sects that the bloom has a visitor already. ‘This certainly 
seems to be rather a far-fetched theory, but it is really impos- 
sible to say that such a state of affairs might not have been 
brought about by means of natural selection. 


w 


Stone mimicry : Mesembryanthemum, from South Africa 


January, 1909 AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 27 


The 


Residence 
of 
Atherton 
lark. Esq. 


Newton, 
Massachusetts 


2 


By Paul Thurston 


An 


Exceptional 


House 


Built of Harvard 
Brick 
Laid with 
Flemish Bond 


The main entrance to the house 


BN EXCEPTIONAL house is the brick one 
built for Atherton Clark, at Newton, 
Mass., from the plans of Fehmer & Page, 
of Boston, Mass. The design is finely 
executed, and being built of brick, the 
architects have found their expression in 
square lines which are sufficiently broken by 
piercing the main walls with an imposing doorway at the 
front entrance and numerous small lighted windows on either 
side. The bay-window built at the side and covered with 
the overhanging roof, and the massive chimney built at the 
front of the house, are in themselves architectural features 
which lend necessary 
character to the gen- 
eral effect. 

The main walls 
are built of red brick 
laid in white mortar 
with a Flemish bond. 
The main roof is cov- 
ered with white cedar 
shingles, which are 
left to weather finish. 
The trimmings are 
painted white. The 
porch and the terrace 
at the rear of the 
house faces the gar- 
den, which is built at 
the end of the estate 
and forms a very at- 
tractive feature. The 
entrance to the house 
is through a broad 
door with a solid 
panel, on which is 
hung an antique 
knocker. 


The rear of the house overlooking the garden 


The hall is finished with a white painted trim, while the 
walls are covered with a wall covering of a gray tone 
paper on which is a large yellow figure on a floral design. 
The windows have gray silk curtains hung over softer 
ones of muslin. The floor covering is in crimson, and 
adds a touch of color to the soft gray tones of the rest of 
the color scheme. ‘The stairs are also painted white and 
are covered with a similar crimson carpet. ‘The stairs have 
a mahogany rail. 

The reception-room is to the left of the entrance, and is 
finished with a gray painted trim. The walls are covered 
with a two-tone striped wall paper in green with large crim- 
son roses. The floor 
is covered with a rug 
in a two-tone green, 
and the upholstery is 
in a two-tone of apple 
green. The curtains 
at the door openings 
and windows are also 
of two-tone green 
brocade. 

The living-room 
is at the extreme end 
of the house, and ex- 
tends the entire depth 
of it. It is finished 
in the English style, 
with an oak trim 
stained and finished 
with a Flemish 
brown. The walls 
are covered with a 
Japanese grass cloth 
of a golden-brown 
color. At one end of 
the room is the open 
fireplace, built of red 


28 


brick laid with only 
the heads exposed to 
view. These bricks 
are laid with red 
mortar, and form the 
fac ins ofthe fire 


place, above which 
mantelshelf — is 


tohke 
builts “A panele 
overmantel is plac 


d 
ed 


over the shelf, in fact the 


entire end of the side of the 
room is paneled except the 

window at the left side of the 
The floor is covered with 


fireplace. 


a two-tone brown carpet, 


upholstery and silk curtains at the 


-~ PIAZZA 


AMERICAN HOMES 


and the 


= = | = = i id 
4 seRVANTS-HALL Et | DANTRY. 
cues ear ‘up Dow: |] Back 
= mac 
" DOWN 
| Pp : 
ie Sere = 
i it HAdsh— KITCHEN i 
bao DINING-ROOM TI 
| PECED' room| = — 


CHINA CLOSET 
uf = =I | 
f = 


}imney is an architectyr) a 
The - feat, 
rte 


Flower boxes, filled with growing plants and 
shrubs, are built on the balcony rail 


AND GARDENS 


. tit 


i ‘ 


January, 1909 


windows are also of 

a soft brown color. 
The dining - room 
is finished in the Eng- 
lish style. The wood- 
work is of oak and is 
stained and_ finished 
in a dark browm 
color. The fireplace 


has a hearth and facing 


of red brick laid in white 


mortar. 
Gothic in feeling, and is 
formed with a group of panels. 

At either 
breast are pilasters which support the 
beams which pass over the ceiling and 


M7 


The overmantel is 


end of the chimney- 


CHAMBER 


SERVANT 


January, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 


with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- 
plated plumbing. The third floor is de- 
voted to the extra guest room and bath, 
and also storage room and trunk room. 

The house, which is beautifully situated 
on a site facing a broad avenue lined with 
magnificent trees, is reached from the road- 
way by a broad walk built of red brick laid 
in herring-bone fashion, and extending di- 
rect to the front entrance. The grounds 
surrounding the site are well planted 
with trees, which with their overhanging 
branches form an attractive setting for the 
house, for the landscape at once deter- 
mines the general style and character of 
the house. This is a point which is quite 
essential to the well being of a house from 
an architectural standpoint, and it is a fun- 
damental truth that is very excellently illus- 
trated in this particular house. The sim- 
plicity of the house, both as to its exterior 
design as well as to its interior scheme, is 
wherein the true elegance of the modern 
home is to be found. The grounds sur- 
rounding the house are planted in a semi- 
The dining-room is trimmed with oak finished in a dark brown color formal manner. 


meet other pilasters which are placed at 
the opposite side of the room. The walls 
are covered with a two-toned wall paper in 
an Indian red. ‘The furniture is made to 
match the woodwork, and the chairs are 
covered with a similar tone of Indian red 
leather. The rug is of red with a blue 
border. Broad French windows are built 
at the opposite end of the room from the 
fireplace, which open out on the porch and 
terrace and form easy access to the porch 
and the garden. 

The kitchen and its dependencies are fin- 
ished with yellow pine trim in its natural 
state, and are furnished with all the best 
modern improvements. 

The second story is divided into sleeping- 
rooms and baths. The owner’s suite, con- 
sisting of two rooms and bath, is treated 
with a green color scheme. There is also 
one guest room and bathroom on this floor, 
besides two servants’ bedrooms and bath, 
which are placed over the kitchen end of 
the house and are provided with a private 
stairway to the service part of the house. 
The bathrooms are fitted with white 
enameled wainscotings and are furnished 


Me 


30 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


WZ VIR 
rae od 


<_— 


January, 1909 


oT aa 


{ 


Colored Windows in the House 


HERE are in every shop pattern books filled 
with designs of the conventional kind, 
which, however handsome they may be, 
have become hackneyed to a degree by re- 
peated use; but even when an old and much 
used geometric pattern is found to be most 
available, a certain degree of artistic 

ettect can be produced by drawing the lines on the working 
drawing ‘‘free hand,” thus lessening the machine-made look 
and the rigidity of a drawing accurately executed with 
draughting instruments. It can almost be made to have 
the charm of a pencil sketch when compared with a hard 
linear design. 

The simplest leaded windows are those with small squar: 
or diamond shaped panes, but even these can be made a tes* 
of taste and feeling for proportion. Good specimens of the 
so-called square pane are shown in the paintings of interiors 
of many Dutch artists, and examples of the diamond shaped 
windows will be found in drawings of old English manor 
houses. In both of these styles of windows a note of color 
is frequently used, and used in the best of taste. 

If possible, however, something individual and personal 
in design should be sought for and the tendency among the 
most exacting and discriminating is happily now in this di- 
rection. Just where to place leaded windows is, of course, 
a problem differing with every design of house. In many 
the staircase landing offers an excellent opportunity, but 
whatever is placed there, whether geometric, ornamental, 
floral, landscape or figure, should be most carefully con- 
sidered, as the color scheme governs that of the hall and is 
about the first thing seen by the visitor on entering the house. 

Transoms of doors and the side lights should be very 


A specimen of Mamillaria rhodantha 


quiet and very simple, as they form part of the architectural 
scheme. ‘The light in the door panel can appropriately be 
made as elaborate and complicated as the owner’s purse ad- 
mits. Crinkled glass is not to be recommended here, as the 
light from it is too vivid and startling. Something quiet in 
texture of a.creamy tint is much to be preferred. The soft 
radiance of glass of this character enhances the value of all 
objects in the entrance hall and harshness of shadow is 
avoided. ; 

In the library the subject is of paramount importance and 
a great range of motives exist from which selection can be 
made; book marks, printers’ devices, emblems of the crafts 
relating to book making, printing and illustrating, seals of 
great libraries and universities, etc. Especial care must be 
taken here not to destroy the light needed for reading 
purposes. 

Perhaps the ideal conditions for beauty of effect and for 
use would be a room in which the reader faced a colored 
window, throwing no glare, low and quiet in tone and restful 
to the eye, having at his back a window filled with light 
creamy glass, harmonious in design, which would furnish the 
needed light. 

In simple windows for simple homes, glass of an almost 
uniform tone is to be preferred; and the color accents, if 
any are used, should be selected with the greatest care, and 
should seldom be vivid unless a coat of arms or a device of 
some kind is used as a spot of color. 

The question of just how much light is to be transmitted 
is of paramount importance in the selection of clear glasses, 
or of those with a certain res’stance to the free flow of light. 
Tn the latter class our opalescent glass offers a great range of 
light colors and shades of mellow tints of real beauty. 


Mamillaria Rhodantha 


HE accompanying illustration 
shows an uncommon form of 
the cactus ‘‘Mamillaria rho- 
dantha.” Whether it is a 
“sport” or a new variety is 
most difficult to determine, for 
authorities are not at all clear 
as to how the many varieties exhibited by this 
species should be classified. The more usual 
specimens of this plant are columnar aggrega- 


tions of nodules, carrying from five to twelve 
spines. ‘Ihe spherical bodies upon the upper 
boundary of the illustrated plant are units, and 
give some idea of the common appearance of 
this cactus. By the coalescence of a number of 
these spherical units the peculiar’ “crested” ap- 
pearance shown in the central and lower portion 
of the growth is obtained. 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 


The Dining-Room 


By John A. Gade 


HE dining-room is the only room in a dwell- 
ing house which is only used for a single 
purpose and at stated times. The problems 
thus involved by its construction, its posi- 
tion and its relation, become special and 
definite ones. All the other rooms lived in 
by the household in common have varied 

uses and dependencies. The library and the study, or den, 

are read in, are used for after-dinner smoking, for writing, or 
for the transaction of business relating to the house. The 
very name of the living-room has become ambiguous from 
the fact of its varied usage. It may be a parlor, a general 
assembly room for the family or guests at all hours of the 
day, used for music, cards, sewing or conversation. And the 
hall is now likewise, and especially in country houses, de- 


The service door should be concealed behind 


signed and furnished for the use of general lounging and 
living, while its purpose as an intermediary stage between in 
and out doors and its staircase leading to upper stories have 
been suppressed or altered. 

The conditions that primarily determine the dining-room 
are its exclusive usage at meal time, its furnishing with the 
necessary furniture for the service and enjoyment of the 
meals, and its dependency and connection with the pantry and 
kitchen. The dinner is possibly the only more or less formal 
social occasion at which we gather. While eating, certain 
forms, manners and customs are observed in our demeanor 
toward each other and the servants. We no longer, if owners 
of our own castles, sit on a raised dais facing all except our 
social equals; the viands are no longer prepared and cut up 
in our presence; we do not even, as in the last century, use 
the dining-room throughout the evening until we finally re- 
tire under the table. 

On the contrary, we employ a most elaborate and com- 
plicated service of glass, porcelain, silver, and pewter, with 


a screen 


special articles for every imaginable purpose—we are served 
as rapidly and silently as is possible in a certain prescribed 
succession of courses. ‘The meal, at least the principal one, 
has become a social as well as a formal function. 

The serving of the meal and the furniture of the dining- 
room determine at the outset its shape. We have in general 
a table, the chairs, both used and unused, the sideboard, the 
serving table and china cabinets, and, possibly, a screen con- 
cealing the pantry at the frequent opening and closing of its 
door. The size of the table invariably placed in the center 
of the room, considered in connection with the chairs around 
it (each person should be allowed from twenty-six to thirty- 
one inches of space), the space requisite to serve back of 
these, and any furniture against the side walls of the room, 
are what should determine its dimensions. If the table is of 
the usual dimensions, four 
feet nine inches or five feet 
square or round, one foot 
eight inches should be al- 
lowed around it for chairs, 
two feet more for serving, 
and from two feet two 
inches to three feet for fur- 
niture. Basing the dimen- 
sions of the room upon 
these figures, and the fact 
that the three feet allow- 
ance for furniture will prob- 
ably be requisite on only 
two adjacent sides of the 
room, no side of the room 
should be less than fifteen 
feet. These are liberal di- 
mensions, but it should be 
clearly borne in mind that 
nowhere is comfort more 
imperative than in a dining- 
room. The servant must 
not be obliged to draw in 
her breath to pass back of 
the diners’ chairs, nor must 
the allotted space be so 
small that furniture and 
walls are knocked when the chairs are pushed back, and, in 
case of a dinner party, guests be obliged to sit glued together. 
The dining-room should be more nearly square than any 
other room of the house, as it gathers round the one regular 
piece of furniture, the table, or tocus, equal space is requisite 
all around it for serving, and the room is never, as is a living- 
room, or library, or hall, broken up into “groups” by furni- 
ture or inmates. 

There should further be kept in mind the position of the 
fireplace and the extension of the table. The proper heating 
is naturally a very vital question. You can not heat a dining- 
room as you would one of the other living-rooms, where the 
occupants are at liberty freely to move nearer or further 
away from the source of heat. At the same time that the 
dining-room ought not, as is frequently the case, to be so 
cold that low-necked ladies shiver until they are obliged to 
send for shawls and wraps, it should be cool in comparison 
with the parlor or library. During meal time, by the con- 


/ 


sumption of food (and especially wines), as well as by the 


32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Dining-room with tapestry panels 


burning of the candles, gas, etc., the temperature of room 
and diners constantly rises. Further, nothing is more un- 
comfortable than to have one’s back during the meal too near 
the logs. A few feet on the safe side should thus always be 
allowed in front of the chimney-breast (which itself will 
probably project). As the fire should never be nearer to a 
diner than six feet, the builder must remember that a five 
foot table is at times extended to nine feet, and the length 
of the room parallel with 
the lines on which the ex- 
tension will occur must be 
figured in reference to the 
greatest probable length of 
the table. A well propor- 
tioned dining-room may be 
said to be one of about 
twenty feet by twenty-two 
feet by ten feet six inches 
high. 

The furniture, or what 
takes its place, may also be | 
‘recessed,’ and the room 
made correspondingly 
smaller. ‘Thus the side- 
board, which encroaches so 
decidedly upon the floor 
space, may be placed in a 
recess or an alcove, and the 
china cabinet made into cup- 
boards or closets built into 
the walls with their glass 
doors coming flush with the 
wall surfaces. The same 
expedient, if followed in the 
fireplace, building its breast 
flush with the wall and con- 
structing the flue on the 
pantry rather than on the 
dining-room side, is of great 
value in enlarging the room. 


January, 1909 


Nowhere does furniture 

govern as much as in this 
room, and in small country 
houses as well as in modest 
city houses, the building of 
the requisite compartments 
for china,-silver and glass 
into the walls becomes of 
the greatest assistance in en- 
larging the available floor 
space. The doors furnished 
with leaded or wooden mun- 
tined designs, perhaps in 
connection with plate or 
pewter shelves running 
around the side walls, may 
likewise add to a simple but 
happy effect. 

Light, sunshine, cleanli- 
ness and air are all essentials 
in this room. A close, dark 
or stuffy dining-room is in- 
supportable. The morning 
sunshine falling across the 
white cloth of the table is 
better than any cereal or 
fruit to start the day or the 
appetite. “he room can not 
thus be more advantage- 
ously placed than in the 
southeast corner of the house. Its location as well as the 
number of windows is vital. Jt must be, above all others, a 
cool room in summer. If it is possible to procure windows 
on two or three sides, especially two sides facing each other, 
the cross current of air becomes of great advantage during 
the hot season. Opening the room on to a piazza, on a 
pleasant view of flowers, or terrace, or garden, or a cool, 
splashing fountain, will add immensely to its success. As 


The uncarpeted floor has many advantages 


January, 1909 AMERICAN 


Simple panels of wood have a charm of their own 


air and sunshine are freely admitted, the flies, mosquitoes and 
insects which will be attracted in swarms by the food must 
not be forgotten. Windows must be constructed so as 
always to be provided with screens, and screen doors if the 
windows are French and go to the floor. 

The room could not be better placed than opening on one 
side on a piazza, whither the table may be moved during the 
hottest of weather. This should be connected by a case- 
ment window running to the floor, and at least a portion 
enscreened. Pantry, or serving-room, and dining-room lead, 
of course, directly into each other—the more intimate and 
the less noticeable, the better and more successful the service. 

There must be a decided feeling,of cleanliness and light- 
ness about the room as well as a certain restraint in its archi- 
tecture. Heavy wall coverings, dark leathers or highly 
flowered wall papers, as well as stuffy curtains of thick velvets 
or plushes, are generally unfortunate in a city house and in- 
variably so ina country residence. In addition to the “stuffy” 
impression they make, the heavy wall materials and curtains 
absorb and retain the steam and odors from the food. The 
old Colonial, Georgian, and Adams dining-rooms are hard 
to beat with their clean looking white paneled wall surfaces, 
with brilliantly contrasting dark mahogany furniture and 
brightly polished silver. They look neat, dignified and 
fresh. In the more elaborate or expensive schemes cement 
or stone may be substituted for the wood panels. Employing 
a wooden paneled surface or merely canvasing and painting 
the walls, producing perhaps the panel effect by the applica- 
tion of wooden molds directly on the plaster and finishing 
the whole with light colors of paint, is almost certain to look 
better than a dark or highly flowered paper. The same prin- 
ciple should be followed in the ceiling and floor. 

Apply on the former, unless the architecture radically de- 
mands a different scheme, light ornamentation and keep the 
floor as clean looking as in a hospital. Do not carpet it, but 
furnish with a rug or matting, that may constantly be cleaned. 
Best of all, do not fear cold feet, but have a brightly waxed 
floor or one of stone or marble, or a tesselated one. In a 
French house a rug in the dining-room would usually be con- 
sidered uncleanly—there the parquetry of the floor is gen- 
erally danced on by the wax shoes of the ‘‘Frotteur’’ every 
Monday morning and shines as invitingly as the top of the 
table. 

The doors as well as the windows are of importance. One 
of the doors will in almost every instance lead into one or 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


Ww 


3 


the other of the principal 
rooms, generally into the 
living-room or the parlor, 
and its opening is usually 
large. It should never be a 
single door, but sufficiently 
wide to allow two persons to 
enter the room arm in arm, 
without any fear of grazing 
the jambs. This opening 
should never merely be por- 
tiered off from the living- 
room, but closed by either 
swinging or sliding doors— 
without them the smell of 
the food will penetrate, and 
one will further be obliged 
after the meal to listen to 
the. clatter and disturbance 
inseparable from clearing 
ott the table. 

The pantry door is merely 
a necessity and should never 
be treated as an architect- 
ural feature. It should be 
just wide enough to allow the maid or butler to enter com- 
fortably with the largest tray—for the smaller it is the less 
kitchen smell and rattle of dishes and cutlery will reach the 
dining-room. Conceal the door altogether if possible, not 
only by a screen in front of it, but by giving no trim to the 
door on the dining-room side and seldom making it over 
six feet six inches in height. ‘There is seldom any necessity 
for making it correspond in height to the wide opening lead- 
ing into the living-room. Unless a small transparent opening 
is left in the pantry door at the height of vision, there is 
danger where several servants are waiting on table that a 
tray with its contents will find its way to the floor. The 
bottom of the door will always be kicked by the waitress 
attempting, when her hands are full, to open it by her foot. 
The lower rail should thus never be left white or unpro- 
tected. A small brass plate about ten inches high will keep 
it neat looking. If the pantry door is to swing both ways, a 
great deal of care should be taken in the selection of the 
hinge on which it revolves, as the difference between a silent 
and a noisy one may mean the meal spent in comfort or an- 
noyance. Also hang the door on the same side as the arm 
with which the waitress pushes and does not carry. 

The windows, all tightly screened, should open easily, and, 
if of the casement type, be furnished with such hardware that 
they may be partially opened. In the placing of them, the 
furniture again becomes of importance. They are sometimes 
placed so near together that no space is left for a six-foot 
sideboard, and no wall space, conveniently near the pantry 
door for a serving table—or they may occupy such positions 
that the necessarily large sideboard and china cabinet must 
be relegated to the corners of the room, where they look 
cock-eyed instead of ornamental. 

In opposition to the simplicity and light airiness of the 
styles which I have recommended come our elaborately fin- 
ished dining-rooms of the Italian and Elizabethan styles. 
They are really an applicatien of the general styles of these 
periods to our dining-room, for in the Renaissance and Tudor 
days there was no such thing as a dining-room. The en- 
trance hall, often placed immediately in front of the recep- 
tion-room, was frequently, in the earlier days of the French 
palaces, employed for the meals. It was not until the days 
of Louis XV that a special room was set aside for eating. 
Moliére picked his chicken with Louis XIV in the latter’s 
antechamber, and the Italian princes of the sixteenth century 
drank their wine wherever they were overcome by thirst. 


34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


In the French palaces the ‘‘salle des fetes’ and dining- 
room were one and the same room, the fact of their being 
used for serving food being only one of their many usages. 
The meal was preceded by receptions and followed by music, 
by dancing and other performances. ‘This was the custom 
both at Versailles and kontainebleau. Likewise the banquet- 
ing halls, with their high ceilings and galleries, of the earlier 
days of the great English manor houses, were employed in 
an entirely different manner from the modern rooms where 
the family proper generally assembles for its meals several 
times a day at regular hours. 

From the ‘‘dining-parlor” of the later Elizabethan period 
our dining-room has gradually evolved. It is interesting to 
note that the later Elizabethan dining-rooms, as well as the 
earlier French rooms, were all so treated in materials and 
design that they might easily be cleaned. In the English we 
find, at least along the lower surfaces of the walls, large sur- 
faces of wooden paneling, and first six or seven feet above 
these the rough plaster and solemn rows of family portraits. 
In the French the paneling is delicately painted in white, 
grays or light greens carried all the way up to the ceiling, the 
broad surfaces of the paneling ornamented either with paint- 
ings of appropriate subjects like flower pieces, fruit, game, 
fish, etc., or the paneling itself decorated with similar appli- 
cations. Mirrors are generally omitted and wisely, as even 
the vainest find it trying to see themselves every time they 
look up during the meal. The French dining-rooms of the 
eighteenth century, like those of the Chateau de Rambouillet 
and of Marie Antoinette in the Petit Trianon, are thoroughly 
admirable and adapted to their purpose, and even if their 
style and magnificence place them entirely out of considera- 
tion for the ordinary housebuilder, still they are full of ex- 
cellent suggestions for the person who is desirous of weigh- 
ing the problem in even the most modest manner. 

The artificial lighting of 
the dining-room should be 
considered from the first. 
In this room, in opposition 
to others, diffused light 1s 
not desired, but concen- 
trated. Side brackets may 
truly be used in the panels 
or pilasters or surfaces of 
the side walls, to light the 
room, but only in a secon- 
dary capacity. The focus 1s 
the table, and around or 
above or on it the light 
should fall. The huge 
metal or even crystal chan- 
delier suspended in several 
tiers from the ceiling and 
centering as nearly as pos- 
sible on the mahogany slab 
has luckily to a great extent 
passed. ‘The hostess knows 
how unbecoming it is to her 
room, her dinner, and her 
guests. Placing your light 
directly on the table, that is, 
using candles, is unquestion- 
ably the most successful 
method of lighting — suc- 
cessful to the service, the 
table ornaments, the flowers 
and the women. ‘The can- 
dles, if properly shaded, 
throw the light down upon 
the silver and porcelain, and 


January, 1909 


do not obstruct the general view or reflect light directly in 
the faces of those surrounding. 

In the lighting, as in the other problems presented by the 
room, the table becomes the general governing factor. Even 
its outline will be found to modify to a certain extent the 
general pleasing or inharmonious effect. A round or oval 
board will always, if widely extended, look best in an oval 
room, and the correspondence should be similar in a rect- 
angular one. The table is the keynote of the design, as well 
as of the hospitality, the sociability and the intimacy of the 
builder. 

It must be apparent, therefore, that many other things 
than architectural exigencies influence and determine the de- 
sign of the dining-room. No room in the house is so power- 
fully affected by unarchitectural conditions and matters, and 
in no room do so many different things have determining 
weight. The.fact is the dining-room must be begun at the 
beginning of the house building. Its requirements are not 
only somewhat exact, but they are absolutely rigid, and in 
no other room is a departure from the essentials attended 
with such disaster. 

It is, therefore, quite impossible to apportion such and 
such space to the dining-room without a most intimate 
and careful study of all the conditions. One can not even 
definitely determine the dimensions best suited to one’s own 
dining-room if the house is intended for prolonged occu- 
pancy. ‘The use that may be continuous for a few years, and 
which may seem to be always available, may quite suddenly 
prove to be inadequate, and the utmost discomfort may arise 
from a restricted area that, in the beginning, may have 
seemed quite adequate. 

One can not foresee such contingencies, and it may seem 
unreasonable to suggest them, but at least they point the value 
of giving as large an area as practicable to the dining-room. 


A richly furnished and decorated dining-room 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 25 


Bamboo in the Occident 


By Ida D. Bennett 


HE bamboo signifies happiness. Per se it 
Meyed <t/ also signifies utility. It would tax one’s in- 
“) genuity to find a substitute for this versatile 
plant that would adequately fill its place in 
the domestic economy of the dweller in the 
Orient. It may be said to “greet the com- 
ing and to speed the parting guest,” as it 
furnishes the first cradle or mat that receives him on his 
advent into the 
world, and is the 
familiar lair of his 
daily pilgrimage 
until in time he is 
laid away to rest in 
a cofin fashioned 
from its flexible 
canes. 

So to the dweller 
in the Orient it ap- 
peals for its useful- 
ness. But it has an 
artistic claim on 
both the denizen of 
the Orient and the 
Occident. Graceful 
in growth, feathery 
in foliage and beau- 
tiful in color, the 
various varieties of 
the bamboo are emi- 
nently adapted to 
the adornment of 
the suburban home 
or any large grounds. 
Most especially are 
they desirable for 
planting on the margins of artificial waterways, around arti- 
ficial pools, in low swampy corners and wherever they can 
be abundantly supplied with water and sunshine. 

For dwellers in the tropics and the Orient they are 
strangely hardy, many of them standing our hard northern 
winters admirably. For some years I have had large clumps 
of them in the open ground, and while they lose more or 
less of their tops if left unprotected, the roots seem ironclad 
and have lived through the roughest weather, and I have no 
doubt that if properly protected the tops would prove quite 
hardy too. 


Fi 


A noble clump of Bambusa argentea 


Even when the tops winter-kill, they will make consider- 
able new growth if given an abundance of water and a warm 
sunny place during the summer months. Some of the varie- 
ties—especially Bambusa metake—make excellent pot plants 
for drawing-room, corridor or veranda. This variety has 
the largest leaves of any of the bamboos and is quite as 
handsome as a palm. It has also the merit of growing and 
thriving where a palm would be utterly discouraged and lie 

down and die. It has 
also the advantage 
of making a more 


moderate growth 
than most other 
varieties of bam- 


boos, rarely attain- 
ing a height of over 
eight feet and mak- 
ing an average 
growth, when pot or 
tub grown, of five 
or six. For grow- 
ing in the open 
ground it has 
proven very hardy 
with me. Arundi- 
naria is another va- 
riety well adapted to 
houseculture. As 
B. metake is not- 
able for the size of 
its leaves, so Arun- 
dinaria_ falcata is 
distinguished by the 
delicacy of its stems 
and tiny leaves. It 
makes a thick, 
graceful, fan-shaped clump and is as hardy as the more 
vigorous B. metake. 

Among the taller growing species are B. verticillata, a 
handsome species, standing much cold, with handsome fol- 
iage and yellow stems; B. violescens and B. aurea, these 
do not stand the winters as well as the two first, but where 
they can be taken up and stored during winter and planted 
out in the spring they are very fine. Probably the most vig- 
orous of all bamboos that are brought to this country is 
B. vulgaris. This variety, under favorable conditions, is said 
to attain a height of seventy feet in six or seven years. There 


36 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


are certain grewsome tales told anent the uses criminal judges 
put it to—for Chinese justice is nothing if not original. It is 
said, then, that criminals convicted of capital offenses and con- 
demned to die are sometimes executed by being bent over a 
vigorous shoot of the bamboo and left until the bamboo has 
grown and thrust itself through the body of the victim. It 
only takes a matter of two cr three days, and certainly for 
cold-blooded fiendishness leaves little to be desired. 

Certain varieties of the bamboo when young are eaten 
as a vegetable. [he young shoots, greatly resembling as- 


paragus, though more pointed, are said to much resemble 
Given a lily pond 


in taste the cauliflower or cabbage. 


stocked with lotus 
and planted on its 
borders with bam- 


boos and caladiums, 
one would have the 
materials for an 
Oriental — luncheon 
that would aftord 
novelty at least. 
From it one could 
Sieur. vie a. Gish) of 
creamed bamboo 
shoots, roast ‘‘taro”’ 
or caladium roots, 
and a salad of lotus 
roots, which are 
white, succulent and 
are eaten raw with 
salt, vinegar and 
other condiments. 

The bamboo re- 
quires no special cul- 
ture. In the north, 
when _ grown for 
ornamental _ effect, 
rich_ soil—the rich- 
ness can scarcely be 
overdone—full sun- 
shine and an abun- 
dance of water are 
all that are necessary during the summer, and rough manure, 
leaves and litter around the roots in winter, with such pro- 
tection for the tops as is available. While the plants are 
small they may be covered by a barrel or hogshead turned 
over them. Later they must be wrapped in straw or other 
protecting matter. Where there is a water system on the 
place a pipe can be carried into the bed and so a constant 
degree of moisture maintained. 

There are many waste places in our Southern States that 
might, with profit, be planted with the bamboo, as without 
doubt it would prove entirely hardy in the Gulf States, and 
prove of much economic value. ‘Though used principally 
—in this country—for chairs, easels, canes and fishing poles, 
its uses are infinite. In China it furnishes the material for 


Arundinaria falcatia spreads its fan-shaped clumps, suckering freely from the roots 


January, 1909 


nearly every article in daily use. It is the basket in which the 


coolie weighs his rice, the stick with which he carries it home 
over his shoulder, the chop stick with which he eats it, the 
material of which the chair in which he rides forth on busi- 
ness or pleasure is constructed. It furnishes the material 
for the parasol, with which he denotes his rank or 
protects himself from the heat of the sun. The fan owns its 
parentage; nor is the pipe with which he solaces his leisure 
hour strange to its manner of growth. It is used for making 
lamps, and its oil is employed for burning; it furnishes the 
paper and the pen with which to write upon it. The bamboo 
grows in immense quantities upon the mountain sides and 
along the water- 
ways; hence it is the 
cheapest, most con- 
venient material for 
all these different ar- 
ticles. Its durability 
and workability are 
astonishing. It is 
hollow, with joints 
from a few inches to 
two feet apart, giv- 
ing the maximum of 
strength with the 
minimum of weight. 
It splits perfectly 
straight and as thin 
as desired. It com- 
bines flexibility with 
hardness, utility 
with bea wie 
strength with grace. 

It is not particu- 
lar as to soil, cling- 
ing to the rocky hill- 
side where the soil 
is dry and poor and 
flourishing in the 
rich alluvial lands 
equally well. It is 
probable that most 
varieties would prove entirely hardy south of the Ohio River 
and along the Gulf Coast, should prove easily acclimated and 
a source of revenue in a very few years after planting, as the 
growth is rapid, and as nearly all varieties spread from the 
roots and “‘suckers,” the single plant of to-day is the thrifty 
clump of to-morrow, or next year. 

Why not, then, plant the bamboo plentifully and at least 
give it a trial? Success with it has been ample enough in 
many quarters to make it well worth the experiment. If the 
plant has not yet been admitted as a permanent addition to 
the American garden be assured this arises more from a 
natural hesitancy to introduce it than from any inherent 
faults of the bamboo itself. It has shown its hardiness in 
many places, and often under conditions of great severity. 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Economizing Garden Space 


By Craig S. Thoms 


WELL-PLANNED garden has three ad- 
vantages. First, one secures a _ larger 
amount of vegetables from a given space; 
second, it is not more than half the work 
to keep it free from weeds; and, third, 
there is a distinct pleasure in planning it 
and seeing the plan realized during the sea- 

My garden space is about fifty by one hundred feet, 

but the amount of vegetables that I take from this space to 

my table between early May and the last of October is a 

constant surprise. 

My garden is in the city, and two sides lie to the street. 
These two sides I surround with two rows of sweet corn, 
which make a pretty border, give some privacy when the 
corn is grown, and furnish me with plenty of roasting ears. 
I am always away during August, and so I plant an early 
variety about May 1, which gives me its harvest during the 
last two weeks in July; and a late variety about June 1, 
which holds its harvest over until my return in September. 
Between the hills of the inner row of corn I plant hills of 
pumpkins and _ late 
squash, and let them 
run between the 
rows and out over 
the three rows of 
early potatoes that 
I plant beside the 


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my pumpkin and 
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particular corner of 
my potato rows from which I am to dig my early potatoes; 
and then, about August 1, I work this ground over and plant 
it to radishes and lettuce for fall use. 

From my early radish bed I take two crops of radishes 
and one of late beets. In order to do this, when the radishes 
are ready for use, I pull up all the plants in each row as I 
go, not waiting for the more tardy ones to mature, and plant 
new seed for the second crop. This sacrifices a little on the 
first crop, but seed is cheap, and those plants that develop 
slowly never furnish choice bulbs, while there are always 
plants that will not develop bulbs at all, and for which one 
waits in vain. 

The set onion bed I treat in the same way, cleaning the 
row of big and little alike, then working over the ground 
and putting in new sets. As in the case of radishes, only 
the onion that develops quickly is really choice. A small set, 
if given time, will grow a good sized bulb, but it will be 
strong in flavor; and not size but flavor is the prime con- 
sideration for the table. When the second sets are off I plant 
to turnips. 

Tomatoes take lots of room, which I can not well spare, 
and so I have made a league between my tomatoes and my 


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early peas and string beans. The tomato seeds are planted 
early, in the ordinary way, in boxes in the house, and when 
danger of frost is past I set the plants in a little plot of 
ground, which I have carefully prepared, in rows eighteen 
inches apart, and twelve inches apart in the rows. By the 
time I am picking my early peas and string beans these plants 
have attained considerable size; but there is no danger in 
transplanting if the work be done carefully with a spade 
after rain, and if a large spadeful of soil be taken up with 
each plant so that the roots are not disturbed. In this way 
I transplant from my crowded tomato bed to hills which | 
have prepared between the rows of peas and beans. I take 
out every alternate row of tomatoes, and two out of every 
three plants in the remaining rows. ‘This leaves the plants 
that are not disturbed three feet apart each way. Then | 
am careful to push the pea and bean vines as far as possible 
from the newly set plants in order to provide them with 
plenty of sunlight. As soon as the pea and bean crop is har- 
vested I pull up the vines, and thereafter the tomatoes have 
full possession of the ground, ready for vigorous growing. 
My early. lettuce 
I sow thickly in 
broad rows. As 
soon as the plants 
have leaves two 
inches long I pull 
them up by handfuls 
from the middle of 
the row, and_ use 
roots and all. This 
furnishes the table 
with a very delicate 
early lettuce and 
leaves plenty in the 
rows for larger 
growth. When the 
plants have become 


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large enough I cut 
off the outside leaves 
for the table, and 
leave the plant to continually reproduce leaves from the cen- 
ter. My head lettuce are not allowed to head until mid- 
summer. In this way, from a single planting early in the 
season, I have had lettuce, delicate and crisp, from the 
earliest growth until late in July. 

My early beets I plant three times as thick as I want 
them to stand, and thin out when they are tender for use as 
greens. And those that [ want to mature I leave standing 
three times as thick as the books allow, because beets are 
better, either fresh or pickled, when they are not allowed to 
grow to more than half their normal size. 

Cucumbers for late pickling may be planted in July where 
early potatoes have been dug, or early peas or stringbeans 
grown; and cauliflower or cabbage plants for winter use may 
be set on any vacant ground in July, but the plants should be 
strong and healthy to insure vigorous growth. 

To secure the best results the arrangement of one’s garden 
should be planned carefully beforehand, so that the shape 
of the first beds will be suitable in form for the vegetables 
of the second planting. A good way is to make a plan of 
the garden on paper with every bed or row lettered, and the 
different plantings indicated, as in the accompanying cut. 


HE home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mavorick, on 
Alamo Heights, is built on the edge of a precipitous 
incline overlooking the Olmos Valley, commanding a 
beautiful view of surrounding hill country with the 
quaintest, most picturesque, and with one exception the old- 
est, city in the United States. Mr. Harvey L. Page was the 
architect and designer of this simple bungalow. Giant live 


st! ED - Raat dae 


The porches are of fieldstone 


PAVIA ISNB 
Po oe = 
“Eke ¥ 


ey 


The cobblestone fireplace and inglenook of the living-room 


oaks, pecan, laurel and elm trees surround this home, and in 
due season roses, palms, bananas and other tropical plants 
and vines that grow and bloom like magic here will add 
their beauty. 

The architect found the material for his building close at 


AMERICAN HO 


hand; the galleries, columns and large arch marking the 
entrance are of fieldstone. ‘The walls are rough-cast plaster 
filled in with rusty house-tank gravel, while the woodwork 
throughout is Texas pine stained a rich Mission brown. 
The rough plaster walls of the interior are treated with 
Cabot’s shingle stains, the walls of the living-room, with 
its cobblestone fireplace and inglenook paved with red brick, 


Frocr PLAN 
Sc ALE /a'=I—o! 


being a soft mossy green, the dining-room red and _ hall 
yellow, with ivory ceilings throughout. 

The experiment of using these transparent roof stains 
on plaster has proved to be a great success, and a softness 
and transparent richness is obtained with one coat that no 


AND GARDENS 


body color could give. The ceiling beams of the living 
room are slightly arched or cambered, which gives a great 
feeling of satisfaction. The dining-room fireplace and 
hearth are of Texas vitrified paving brick with joints raked 
far back. The simple mantelshelf is suspended by wrought 
iron chains from the ceiling beams. The architect has used 


built where clients and architect worked in more perfect 
harmony and accord from start to finish. It takes three 
factors to make a successful building: a good owner, a good 
architect and a good builder, and do not make the mistake 
of neglecting to supply any one of the trio. 

The outside dimensions of this bungalow are fifty-seven 


simple barn strap hinges, painted flat black, with good ettect 


o Bungalow 


nthony 


feet by seventy-three feet, and the eaves project six feet. 


Fireplace of Texas vitrified paving brick in the dining-room 


on the doors, which are simply home-made V-beaded two- 
panel. 

The owners are thoroughly artistic young people and 
have displayed exquisite taste in their fixtures and fur- 
nishings as far as they have gone, and never was a home 


It was completed in a most substantial and satisfactory man- 
ner within a cost of five thousand seven hundred dollars. 

There is not a molding used in the design, and the bed- 
room walls are daintily papered and the woodwork done in 
white with pole brass trim. 


i 


38 


HE home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mavorick, on 
Alamo Heights, is built on the edge of a precipitous 
incline overlooking the Olmos Valley, commanding a 
beautiful view of surrounding hill country with the 
quaintest, most picturesque, and with one exception the old- 
est, city in the United States. Mr. Harvey L. Page was the 
architect and designer of this simple bungalow. Giant live 


The cobblestone fireplace and inglenook of the living-room 


oaks, pecan, laurel and elm trees surround this home, and in 
due season roses, palms, bananas and other tropical plants 
and vines that grow and bloom like magic here will add 
their beauty. 


The architect found the material for his building close at 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


hand; the galleries, columns and large arch marking the 
entrance are of fieldstone. The walls are rough-cast plaster 
filled in with rusty house-tank gravel, while the woodwork 
throughout is Texas pine stained a rich Mission brown. 
The rough plaster walls of the interior are treated with 
Cabot’s shingle stains, the walls of the living-room, with 
its cobblestone fireplace and inglenook paved with red brick, 


body color could give. The ceiling beams of the living 
room are slightly arched or cambered, which gives a great 
feeling of satisfaction. The dining-room fireplace and 
hearth are of Texas vitrified paving brick with joints raked 
far back. The simple mantelshelf is suspended by wrought 
iron chains from the ceiling beams. The architect has used 
simple barn strap hinges, painted Hat black, with good effect 


A San Antonio Bungalow 


By Smith Anthony 


VERANDA 


Fioor PLAN 
SCALE //a'=I-0" 


being a soft mossy green, the dining-room red and hall 
yellow, with ivory ceilings throughout. 

The experiment of using these transparent roof stains 
on plaster has proved to be a great success, and a softness 
and transparent richness is obtained with one coat that no 


39 


built where clients and architect worked in more perfect 
harmony and accord from start to finish. It takes three 
factors to make a successful building: a good owner, a good 
architect and a good builder, and do not make the mistake 
of neglecting to supply any one of the trio. 

The outside dimensions of this bungalow are fifty-seven 
feet by seventy-three feet, and the eaves project six feet. 


Fireplace of Texas vitrified paying brick in the dining-room 


on the doors, which are simply home-made V-beaded two- 
panel. 

The owners are thoroughly artistic young people and 
have displayed exquisite taste in their fixtures and fur- 
nishings as far as they have gone, and never was a home 


It was completed in a most substantial and satisfactory man- 
ner within a cost of five thousand seven hundred dollars. 

There is not a molding used in the design, and the bed- 
room walls are daintily papered and the woodwork done in 
white with pole brass trim. 


40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


January, 1909 


w CORRESPONDENCE & 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of “‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic” 
FLOWER BUCKETS 


ce OMEONE has told me about a kind 
of bucket to hold flowers,” writes H. 
A. F., of New Hampshire. “I think I 
would like something of this kind in 
my home, but I do not know where to send for 
it nor how to describe it. Have I been misin- 
formed? If not, where could I send, and what 
would be the price of a pair?” 

The pen-and-ink sketch gives a very good 
idea of a pair of Japanese flower buckets. They 
are usually hung in front of a window, and are 
used for cut flowers or plants that will thrive in 
water. Earth is rather heavy for the cord on 
which the buckets are tied. While the general 
shape of the flower buckets is similar, the deco- 
ration varies, as well as the colors. Sometimes 
a basket-work is fastened around the sides. 
‘The price runs from two dollars up to six, and 
the large cities show them in their Japanese 
shops. 


Flower. buckets 


BREAKFAST ROOM FOR A PROFESSIONAL WOMAN 


A professional woman in a large town, Miss K. G., is desirous of 
fitting up a little room in her apartment as a breakfast-room, where 
she may prepare an informal meal for herself, and also for her friends 
on Sunday evening. In her letter she says: “I would like to make 
my eating place dainty and attractive, yet with practical arrangements 
for simple meals. I am away for luncheon and dinners, but I should 
enjoy having the home element in my morning repast.” 

If the woodwork can be painted white and the pieces of furniture, 
chairs, table, corner-cabinet and serving-table, stained gray, the walls 
could be covered with a charming garden paper printed in pinks, 
greens and grays. “This would allow a green curtain to be hung 
over a white muslin curtain, finishing the former with chintz braid. 
For a rug a green Caledon may be used, with a border in two shades 
of the same color. The candlesticks may be of glass with pink shades, 
and brass sconces may be hung against the wall for the extra illumi- 
nating. An oval-shaped mirror with gilt frame would be pretty 
against the wall paper. 

Green linen doylies may be used on the table, with an English 
china decorated in roses, and a few pieces of the green saji ware. If 
there is:no kitchenette (this is not mentiond in the letter) it will be 
necessary to screen off a portion of the room for a refrigerator or ice- 
chest and a table for washing the dishes. 


SUBSTITUTE FOR A “HALL PIECE” 


“Where no combination hat and umbrella is used in a hall,” in- 
quires J. C. B., of South Carolina, “what would you suggest in its 
place?” 

The combined hat tree, seat and umbrella stand is not in such 
general use as it used to be, as a more artistic generation has dis- 
covered its inability to produce a satisfactory effect. Some kind of 
a seat or settle, however, is necessary for the hall, and over this a 
mirror with a wooden frame may be hung. A few metal hooks may 
be fastened to the mirror frame for holding the hats of visitors, and 
a well constructed costumier may be placed near for outer garments. 
A porcelain tile may be used for holding umbrellas, choosing some 
design that is not seen in every department store, or a holder may 


(Continued on Page x) 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


“TREE DOCTORS” 


HE country seems to be full of various wanderers who call 
themselves tree doctors, horticultural experts or what not. 
Some of them may be good, but most, I think, are living 
on the universal admiration for fine trees; an admiration which 
is seldom tempered by any knowledge or even common sense, so that 
it is easy for the tree expert to convince an owner of old trees that 
they need pruning. 

In the present case I can only advise “‘Hortensia” to look at work 
done, say two years ago, by the experts she proposes to employ. If 
that work is satisfactory and the owners are pleased, then it will 
probably be all right. 

As a general thing tree doctors do too much work; try to save 
trees which are past saving, and which would be worthless if their 
miserable existence were prolonged for a few years. 

If a tree has real historic or sentimental interest it may be worth 
much to save it, but the abuse of trees has been so great in the 
past, and their neglected state is so hopeless now, that many of them 
had better be cut at once and new trees planted to take their place. 

I have seen many trees ruined by ignorant pruning; not only have 
they been killed by the severity of the treatment, but their appear- 
ance has been spoiled even if they should live. 

An old tree may have much picturesque beauty, with its. dead 
branches, deep holes where old stubs have rotted away, and its air 
of antiquity: a relic of past time. The same tree cleaned up, 
pruned, the holes carefully cemented, is likely to look ridiculous; 
like an old and decrepit man turned dandy. 

‘The object of pruning is to increase leaf surface, which is done by 
cutting back the branches and not by thinning them out, as some seem 
to think. Cutting back a branch by one-third sends the sap allotted to 
that branch into fewer leaves, which consequently grow larger— 
larger in area than the greater number of leaves would be on the 
unpruned branch. ‘This increased leaf area means increased power and 
opportunity to elaborate sap, and hence greater vitality. 

It is a safe rule to head back an old tree one-third the length of 
each branch. The cutting must be done with care and intelligently, 
and it can be done so that one would never know the tree had been 
pruned. 

The tree will look a little stiffer, there is no doubt of that, because 
it will loose the slender tips of its branches, but the increase in its 
vigor will make up for its loss in grace. 

The cut should always be made in a crotch, that is, just above a 
side branch; then the side branch should be pruned further out and 
the whole will have a more natural appearance, diminishing in size 
to the tip. 

If it is not done this way, but is cut off anywhere, leaving a stub, 
the result will be horrid, because the stub will die back to the next 
lateral branch or a bunchy lot of shoots will start to grow from the 
end. For a season or two a pruned tree may look stubby anyway; 
this depends somewhat on the kind of tree, but more upon the skill 
of the one who prunes it. Each cut should be as close as possible to 
a side branch, no matter how large the cut, so that the wound will 
heal quickly, and the raw surface should be painted with coal-tar to 
keep out fungi. 

Scraping the old bark off is no benefit to the trees, except as it may 
dislodge insects, and it gives the tree a horrid naked appearance which 
lasts for several years. 

Filling holes in the trunks may be worth doing, if they are not too 
large; covering with tin is useless, as the bark will not grow over 
it, but a solid filling of concrete, properly joined to the sides of the 
opening, will in time be covered. 


(Continued on Page xv) 


January, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


THURMAN’S 


Portable Electric Vacuum Cleaner 


The most perfect electric portable cleaner and latest triumph of J. S, 
Thurman, originator of Vacuum Cleaning Machinery. after years of ex- 
perience in designing. building and operating this class of machines. It 
hasthe most advanced and improved features known to electric portable 
cleaning. Is light, operated by the housemaid, mechanically perfect, 
easily portable, built to last 


Vacuum Pump Creates Absolutely 
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through cleaning apparatus to dust tank, effectively removing dust, dirt, 
grime, moth eggs, vermin, etc,, from floors, rugs, carpets, draperies, etc., 
_without beating, brushing or injury. It accomplishes by one process 
sweeping, renovating and dusting at the same time, and is 


The Latest Improved Housecleaning Apparatus 


Can be operated in any building wired for electric lighting and more than 
Saves its cost in labor, wear and tear in a short time. 

Tools for special work: Stair and stair edge, tapestry. upholstery, tuft 
batton, wall, wood, floor, clothes, face and body massage and many others 
are given with this machine, It more than makes up in quality and 
efficiency for the difference in cost between this and inferior makes of 
cleaners. Price for Thurman Portable Electric Vacuum Cleaner, direct 
current, $150.00; alternating current, $165.00. Sent on one week’s trial; 
money refunded if not as represented. Catalog and price list free. Get 
the best when purchasing. 


General Compressed Air and Vacuum Machinery Co. 
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COULTER & WESTHOFE. Architects, Saranac Lake 


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These are the artistic colors pro- 
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GREENHOUSES FOR ESTATES 


The extensive propositions which cover both the ornamental show houses and those 
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admirably equipped to handle—it is these larger schemes that test the skill of greenhouse 
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Send for circular about some of the numerous houses we have erected, which covers 
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1908 


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AMERICAN covers a wide scope; it deals with house 
HOMES @ GARDENS building from the design and construction 
of modest cottages on tiny lots to the 

building of mansions on large estates. All degrees of gardening, from laying 
out a landscape to the planting of a window-box, are dealt with. Practical 
questions of water supply, of sanitation, or of the arrangement of the kitchen 
receive equal treatment with draping of windows or the arrangement of old china. 


AMERICAN is beautifully printed. The year’s 
HOMES © GARDENS volume contains more than a thousand 


engravings, as full of detail and finish as 
actual photographs. They depict some of the old and historic mansions of 
America, and the most beautiful of gardens or of natural scenery. The 
following list of a few of the principal practical articles which appeared in 
American Homes and Gardens during 1908 will show the wide choice of subjects: 


Baga aga a a a a a a a a a 


Notable American Homes (12 descriptive ar- 

ticles); The Rose as aSummer Bedder; Private 
———— Automobile Garages; Leaded Glass Windows; 

yA Etching on Copper and Brass; Problems in 

7 HOMES - AND 

| - GARDENS 


House Furnishing (12 papers); Garden Work 
about the Home (12 papers); Indoor Bulb Cul- 
ture; Farming Experiment of a Woman; Rugs 
from the Scrap Bag; Water Parks; Old Time 
Lights; Latches and Knockers; The Sun Room; 
Japanese Gardens in America; Sun Dials; Heat- 
ing and Lighting with Alcohol; Spring Houses 
Old and New; Planning a Country Home; The 
House Roof and its Garden; The Plant and the 
Season; Garden Streams and Bridges; Stencil 
Work in Home Decoration; Bungalows (12 
articles); Scientific Poultry Breeding. 


A limited number of volumes for 1907 are available. 480 pages. 1,050 
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January, 1909 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING 
(Continued from page 4o) 


be found that is made of mahogany or oak 
and bound with brass hoops. A small table to 
hold a card tray and small packages or letters 
is also a needed fitting for the hall. 


SOME QUERIES ON WINDOW SHADES 


“How should window shades fit the win- 


dows? Should they be placed between the 
casing, or should they extend across the 
frame? Shall I use a white or a colored 
shade? Is fringe in good style? I have 


seen some striped material at the windows 
lately, but do not know if it would be wise 
to have it in my home.” —B. R. O. 

The striped or Venetian shades are a noy- 
elty, but are not an improvement on the 
standard Holland in plain colors. Being a 
purely utilitarian article, a shade should be 
as unobtrusive as possible. For this reason 
a fringe is better omitted. As to the proper 
color to adopt, this depends upon the exterior 
casement trimmings and the finish of the in- 
side woodwork. Instead of pure white, a 
cream white shade will prove more agreeable 
in tone. If there are no shutters nor awnings 
a dark green or dark blue shade will be re- 
quired on the sunny sides of the house. A 
buff color is usually a safe choice where one 
shade is used. If a color is exposed very much 
to the light the sunfast Holland is the more 
enduring fabric. “The method of hanging a 
window shade depends upon the construction 
of the window casing. By placing the shade 
between the casement it does not interfere 
with the brackets for the curtains. If no cur- 
tain is to be put up, the shade may be hung 
across the frame to shut out any cracks of 
light. A new device for fastening the draw- 
ing cord to the shade may be looked up by this 
correspondent. 


BATHROOM RUGS 


A correspondent who has only lately taken 
up housekeeping has not found the right kind 
of a rug for her bathroom. ‘Please suggest,” 
she writes, “in your department of furnishing, 
some kind of a rug that will be pleasant to 
use in a bathroom. I have tried one or two, 
but do not like either of them. Is an Oriental 
rug appropriate for this room?” 

The best rug for a bathroom is made in 
this country in a mixture of colors that gives 
a mottled effect, and costs, when made up to 
order, about a dollar a square foot. A narrow 
border finishes the edges. This rug is very 
heavy and soft, and the coloring will go with 
any tiling or paper. Another woolen rug for 
the bathroom is made of a plain color with a 
border in the same tone broken with white. 
The cotton rugs look well for only a short 
time and do not give the wear of the woolen. 
Hand-woven rugs in tapestry cloth are a 
dainty looking rug for a guest’s room. A 
delicate rug may be kept in better condition 
by using mats of Turkish toweling. These 
come in white and colors. The color of the 
tiling is now made the keynote for any addi- 
tional colors that are introduced in this part 
of the house, even to the marking of the linen 
and the decoration of the mugs and soap 
dishes. 


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January, 1909 


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The Artistic Value of Hardware 


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There is a value in hardware fittings far beyond actual cost or mere utility—a lasting 
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The Colonial Book 


is of especial interest to those 
who favor this scheme of 
architecture—free. Ask 
for it when you write. 


Sargent’s Book of Designs—Free (ni 
AN 


Contains illustrations and descrip- 
tions of over seventy a 
beautiful styles, be- = Q\ 
sides numerous sug- | : 
gestions to home 
= builders, etc. 

| A valuable book 
to you— sent free 
on request. 


Bound Volumesof s.5.' | Goes p—es) = 
American Domes eed oe 1906 
and Gardens Vom te 1907 


MUNN & CO., Publishers 361 Broadway, te York 


Sargent 
& Co. 


156 Leonard St. 
New York 


G 
ornamentation in hardware are many—and find their greatest expression in 
QR 

DS 


xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


THE TELEPHONE 


5 oe ar 


On November 3 the universal usefulness of the Bell 


System was shown as never before. 


It was an inti- 


mate, integral part of the election machinery. And 
by the time old Trinity Steeple chimed midnight the 
Bell Service had reliably informed farmers and house- 
holders throughout the nation that Mr. Taft was elected. 


from election district to election district in 

Erie County, New York, indicated by a 

rule the politicians follow that Taft had 
carried the State of New York. 

By eight o’clock the crowds in front of the news- 
paper offices knew it. 

By eleven the approximate size of the majority in 
Ohio was known. 

In the newspaper offices of the single city of 
Philadelphia, between 200 and 300 Bell telephone 
operators were announcing the bulletins to every 
subscriber who “‘rang up.”’ 

In thousands of newspaper offices over the coun- 
try, tens of thousands of operators were doing the 
same thing. 

In what other country could it have happened ? 

Comparison is futile. Yet as a telephone achieve- 
ment it only marks the passing point of progress 
reached by a service which set out in the beginning 
to occupy the wole field of telephony. 

The apparatus, the operators, the lines—the 
whole equipment of the service simply measured up 
to the busiest hour capacity of the Bell Companies. 

But it is an object lesson to those who are really 
interested in the development of the telephone to 
its point of greatest public utility. 

It emphasizes the value of federation in national 
telephone work—the necessity of co-operation, of 
a common investment which provides an equipment, 
on a business basis, capable of carrying the country’s 
telephone traffic at the buszest hour of the busiest day. 

This cardinal principle which guided the original 
Bell Telephone Company remains the guiding in- 
fluence in the affairs of the associated Bell Com- 
panies, 


se returns telephoned by seven o'clock 


There is an investment in the equipment of these 
companies to-day of about $600,000,000. The 
wonderful development which has resulted from 
this unexampled investment, which is being in- 
creased at the rate of over $50,000,000 a year, has 
given America the leadership of the world. 


The press of other countries hold up the Bell 
Telephone System as an example of what the 
telephone systems in their own countries might 
become under proper management. 


The press of Paris has been agitated for some 
months over a ‘“‘telephone crisis,’’ brought about 
by the “‘extreme inefficiency’’ of the service, which 
is conducted by the Post Office Department. 

After much debate a programme has been an- 
nounced, calling for five new telephone exchanges 
in Paris to cost $6,000,000, and cable work estimated 
at another $6,000,000, a period of four years being 
allowed for the execution of this work. 

An English telephone expert examined the work- 
ing of the Bell Telephone System during the present 
year, as compared with the system of England. 

“*‘T venture to say,’’ he wrote in The London 
Times of August 12, 1908, “‘that ninety-nine out 
of one hundred business men in Great Britain 
would gladly pay ¢zurce the rates they now pay for 
trunk telephone calls if they could be assured of a 
service approaching the efficiency of the American 
service. 

Every subscriber to the Bell service becomes a 
member of a great, national telephone federation 
whose watchword is promptness; a brotherhood of 
quick communication which is the life of American 
civilization. 


American Telephone & Telegraph Company 


JUST PUBLISHED 


XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. 


Practical Steam and == 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


By ALFRED G. KING 
402 Pages. 


An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 

together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. 

This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 
text, diagrams and illustrations. 


IN’ I. Introduction. II. Heat. 11]. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. 
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VII]. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 


XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 


Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-W/ater and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 


Containing 304 Illustrations 


Price $3.00 


January, 1909 


ESTIMATING WHAT YOUR 
HOUSE WILL COST 


By George F. Walsh 


HAT architects call “a snap estimate” 

will often be made for prospective 

clients who indicate a preference for 
a certain style of house. Such an estimate can 
only be regarded of particular value as a guide 
and not as a guarantee, and it holds only so 
far as the house builder lives up to the rough 
specifications furnished. A slight increase in 
the size, an addition of a few exterior extras, 
such as porches, pergolas and conservatories, 
and the adoption of more expensive systems 
of plumbing, heating and lighting, necessarily 
invalidates the “snap estimate” and makes a 
new one imperative. 

A detailed knowledge of the methods em- 
ployed by architects in reaching their “snap 
estimate” is often of great practical value to 
the prospective house owner. It should serve 
as a guide in deciding upon the kind of a house 
needed, and materially help where the ser- 
vices of an overseeing architect are not ob- 
tained. Plans of houses are drawn up by 
many architects, and, with the specifications, 
sold to builders in all parts of the country. 
Unless the intending builder understands some 
of the fundamental principles which govern 
the cost of house construction such plans may 
prove misleading and in the end very un- 
satisfactory. 

Again, one contemplating the erection of 
a home makes a study of houses in different 
parts of the country, and from these many 
observations arrives at what he considers an 
ideal plan. He combines in his own home 
all the good points of several houses which 
appeal to him. What will it cost to erect a 
-house according to certain rough sketches 
which he may be able to draw on paper? It 
is an interesting and fascinating work, this 
study of your neighbors’ houses and the evo- 
lution of your own through a process of 
elimination and selection. 

Architects generally make their “‘snap esti- 
mate” both by the cubical contents and by 
the square foot, with such special considera- 
tions of interior finish and equipment as the 
style of house naturally calls for. Even after 
a detailed study and estimate of the problem, 
the architect does not guarantee absolutely the 
price. The submission of the plans and speci- 
fications to a contracting builder must be the 
final test, and the owner gets his guarantee 
from the latter. The builder makes even a 
closer and more minute estimate than the 
architect, and then accepts the risk of sign- 
ing the contract on the strength of his own 
figures. 

The estimate made by the square foot 
should coincide with the figures reached by 
the estimate according to the cubic foot. Thus 
one checks off the other, and makes the esti- 
mate more reliable. ‘The first essential is to 
draw on paper as accurately as possible the 
ground plan of the house, giving each room 
and closet its exact size in feet and inches. 
It should be understood at the outset that a 
square building is easier to design than one 
with many curves and angles, and also that it 
is cheaper to construct and gives more useful 
space inside. So far as possible the design 
should, therefore, be drawn in a square or a 
rectangle. Of course, it may be impossible 
to follow either of these figures absolutely, for 
the style of house may not admit of it, nor the 
shape of the lot on which the house is to stand 
prove suitable. Both of these considerations 
must not be overlooked. 

The next point is to take up the location 
of the chimney, furnace and kitchen range, 
and the plumbing system. An extra chimney 
and fireplace add considerably to the cost of 
the house. If the dining-room, library, and 


January, 1909 


kitchen can be so arranged that flues lead from 
each into one chimney a big item of expense 
will be saved. This can generally be accom- 
plished in a square house by running the chim- 
just back of the kitchen so that the dining- 
room and library fireplaces can be grouped 
around it. Similarly the plumbing should be 
designed, as far as possible, so that the pipes 
run in a direct vertical line. Long pipes in- 
crease expense and add to the danger of freez- 
ing in winter. With the plumbing system de- 
signed in compact form, with no long pipes, 
the expense is materially lessened. “The heat- 
ing apparatus, whether steam, hot water or 
furnace, should be centrally located so that 
the distribution can be made equal through- 
out the building. In dry-air furnaces a long 
pipe running to rooms located on the north 
or west sides will be the last one to get heated 
up, and the service will always prove the 
poorest in that one. If anything, the furnace 
should be located nearer the north and west 
walls of the cellar than the east or south walls. 
The pipes for the more exposed and colder 
sides will thus get more direct heat in winter. 

With these facts kept clearly in mind, the 
dimensions of the house can be made, and a 
rough estimate of its cost of construction ob- 
tained. Prices of labor and materials differ 
in various parts of the country, and the 
tendency is for both to increase. But architects 
estimate that modern wooden houses will cost 
from two dollars to five dollars per square 
foot; brick houses from four dollars to eight 
dollars, and concrete block houses, stucco, 
terra cotta block and brick veneered houses 
from three dollars to eight dollars per square 
foot. On the same basis a modern wooden 
house will cost from eight to fifteen cents per 
cubic foot, and brick ten to twenty-five cents, 
and other materials proportionately. 

From these figures it will be seen that the 
variation in cost is considerable, and the ama- 
teur estimator could easily come a long way 
from even an approximate estimate. But this 
is more apparent than real. ‘The great dif- 
ference in the prices is due chiefly to the in- 
terior finish and equipment. One does not 
expect to put expensive nickelplate plumbing 
systems, elaborate gas and electrical equip- 
ments, and costly steam heating apparatus in 
a three thousand dollar house. On the other 
hand, if the lowest cost is used in the esti- 
mate, plumbing, heating and lighting systems 
must be scanted, and many of the little points 
of interior finish omitted. The way to esti- 
mate on these different equipments will be 
treated later. 

Find out the number of square feet in the 
ground plans of the sketch drawn for your 
own guidance by multiplying length by 
breadth. To do this additions and angles 
must be calculated carefully and separately 
from the main part of the structure. Ve- 
randas that are covered are usually estimated 
separately in the same way and then divided 
by two. Add up all the figures thus secured, 
and for a small, comfortable, but not elabor- 
ately finished, house, multiply the sum by 
three dollars, or if a finer interior equipment is 
desired multiply by four dollars, to get the 
“snap cost.” 

To estimate by cubical contents, the square 
of the ground plan is multiplied by the height, 
measuring from the bottom of the cellar to 
the top of the roof. Owing to projections 
and windows in the roof no allowance is made 
for the smaller cubical contents of the roof 
than the body of the house. With the cubical 
contents obtained, it is a simple matter to 
secure the snap estimate by multiplying the 
result by ten cents for a modern, comfortable 
wooden home, and by fifteen cents for a more 
ambitious structure. Brick houses cost from 
fifteen to twenty-eight cents per cubic foot. 
It is never safe to figure on less than ten cents 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


WOLF RR. 
= MFG CO. =e it) y 
CHICAGO lt p 


This is where we manufacture our Monarch Porcelain Ware 
Trenton, New Jersey 


Uniformity gf Design 


Architects DO appreciate the fact that by specifying 
Wolff Plumbing Material exclusively they are 
protecting their clients from the annoying con- 
fusion of design and mechanical standards that 
is sure to creep into even the most carefully 
selected line of “assembled” plumbing equipment. 


L. WOLFF 


Established 1855 


Manufacturers of PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm 


77 


MANUFACTURING 
COMPAN Y 


Showrooms: 91 Dearborn St. 


Denver CHICAGO Trenton 


IS BUILT ON HONOR 
& SOLD ON MERIT 


THE GLoBe” VENTILATOR 


IN GALVANIZED IRON, BRASS AND COPPER 
ALSO WITH GLASS TOPS FOR SKYLIGHT 


Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For per- 
fectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send 
for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured 


‘“Globe Ventilated Ridging’’ 


Mfd. by GLOBE VENTILATOR CO., TROY, N.Y. 


Patented and 
Trade-Mark 
Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. 


AY A 
Al LAS PORTLAND 


eee EMENT 


THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 
GECEOVIESESS SUSU SIR SE SU SS GRSRSSSISSSSS 


American Homes and Gardens $ 5 0 0 & 
. efe ° e@ os 

and Scientific American Regular Price, $6.00 S 
(OLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOL OLOL OL OLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOZOLOEOLOS 


™ 


Oo, 


() 


will be sent to 
one address for 


©) 


o 
o7 
ie 
ee 
tee 
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tes 


XIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1909 


# Wood Finishing | 
| Successful Only With © 
Johnson’s Wood Dyes 


JOON Wood Dyes provide the only 
means of finishing woodwork, furniture and 
floors in the home. Because Johnson’s Wood 
Dyes are all that the name implies. They are 
dyes, not stains. Colored varnishes simply give 
a painty effect to the wood you wish to color. 
Any finish on any wood fails of its purpose when 
it merely covers up the wood and the wood’s grain. 

To bring out the beauty of the wood grain, select the 
shade you wish from the 15 shades of Johnson’s Wood 
Dyes, and you will get the effect you want. 

Remember, Johnson’s Wood Dyes are not a com- 
bination of stain and finish—they are. dyes—pure and 
simple—they color the wood without raising the grain— 
‘hey do not coat over the wood. Heel marks, mars and | 
scratches do not show the bareness of the natural | 
wood. eo’ 

The dye penetrates the wood—the finish is another — 
matter. ; 

Color woodwork, floor or furniture—with Johnson's | 
Wood Dyes—and then apply a finish of two coats of 
Johnson’s Prepared Wax. 


TAMING AMIE 


ARTISTIC WOOD FINISHES 


Remember, you cannot get the effect you want unless 
you apply a finish over the Dye. The use of two coats 
of Prepared Wax Black will give a beautiful, rich, artistic 
finish. For a higher gloss than the wax gives, use 
Johnson’s Underlac—better than shellac or varnish—and 
then the Prepared Wax over the Underlac. Our interest- 
ing 48-page color book—‘‘The Proper Treatment of 
Floors, Woodwork and Furniture’’—tells how you can 
easily finish and refinish all wood. Write to-day for 
booklet, edition AH-1. There are fifteen standard shades | 
of Johnson’s Wood Dyes. 


No. 126 Light Oak No. 131 Brown Weathered Oak 
No. 123 Dark Oak No. 132 Green Weathered Oak | 
wVo. 125 Mission Oak No. 121 Moss Green | 
No. 140 Manilla Oak No. 122 Forest Green | 
No. 110 Bog Green No. 172 Flemish Oak 

No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak 

No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 180 Silver Gray 


No. 130 Weathered Oak. 

Half-pints 30c.; pints 50c. Johnson’s Prepared Wax, 
10c. and 25c. packages. Also sold in large sizes. For 
sale by all leading paint dealers. 

If you desire to refinish wood now varnished, get 
Johnson’s Electric Solvo, which instantly softens and 
makes easily removable any coating. 


Ss. C. JOHNSON ¢& SON, Racine, Wisconsin 
“The Wood Finishing Authorities” 


| 


ARE YOU LOOKING 
FOR A MACHINE 
THAT WILL 


plane out of wind, sur- 
face straight or taper- 
ing, rabbet door 
frames, rabbet and 
face inside blinds, 
joint, bevel, gain, 
chamfer, plow, make 
glue joints, square up bed posts, 
table legs, newels, raise panels, 
either square, bevel or ogee, 
stick beads, work circular mould- 
ings, etc., rip, cross cut, tenon, 
bore, rout, rabbet, jointand bead 
window blinds, work edge 
mouldings, etc.? If so, drop us 
a postal card, and we will send 
you a descriptive circular show- 
ing two views of our No. 62 
Universal Wood Worker. 


- Write 
209-229 West FRouT STREET 


J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. 


No. 62. UNIVERSAL WOOD WORKER CINCINNATI, OHIO 


per cubic foot for a wooden house, although 
there are plenty of houses which have been 
constructed as low as four and five cents per 
cubic foot. But the day of cheap lumber and 
cheap labor is past. A house which could 
have been erected at five cents per cubic foot 
ten years ago would cost to-day anywhere 
from seven to ten cents. “The modern house 
owner expects a good many more comforts 
and luxuries to-day than were considered es- 
sential ten years ago, and the tendency of the 
equipment is to increase simply through the 
invention of more devices for catering to our 
home pleasures. It is, therefore, unwise to 
go back more than a year or two to make 
comparisons with houses. Again, building 
contractors frequently make mistakes and 
lose on a job, or owing to intense competition 
one will undertake to erect a new house at 
little more than cost. It is not good business 
policy to assume that these same conditions 
can be duplicated in your case. It is much 
wiser to figure out the cost on the present 
basis of labor conditions and prices for build- 
ing materials than to draw conclusions from 
what has been done in the past unless all facts 
governing the case are well known. 

Other things being equal, it is cheaper to 
build a larger house than a small one. That 
is, with the same interior finish and equip- 
ment, a house of forty thousand cubic fect 
would be relatively cheaper per cubic foot 
than another containing only twenty thousand 
cubic feet. But usually the larger the house 
the finer the interior finish, and if things are 
carried out on the same generous scale there 
is no reduction in the cost per cubic contents. 

In estimating on a small but comfortable 
home the plumbing can best be considered by 
the number of fixtures. A fair price for each 
fixture is forty dollars to sixty dollars, but the 
cost may easily run up to seventy-five dollars 
to one hundred dollars. A house with six 
fixtures, three in the bath, one in the kitchen 
sink, one in the laundry, and one in a dressing- 
room, should have an allowance of about three 
hundred dollars, or fifty dollars a fixture, 
which means good, sanitary, open plumbing. 
If fancy bowls and equipments are demanded 
fifty dollars a fixture will not be enough, and 
all above this price should be added to the 
general snap estimate. 

The heating plant is likewise a variable 
quantity. Architects usually allow one hun- 
dred and fifty dollars to two hundred dollars 
for the furnace plant in a house costing up- 
ward of three thousand five hundred dollars 
to five thousand dollars, and from three hun- 
dred and fifty dollars to five hundred dollars 
for a steam or hot-water plant. The larger 
the house the more expensive must the heat- 
ing plant be. Each extra register or radiator 
increases the cost. Fancy registers and radi- 
ators have no limit in price, and if one wishes 
to be extravagant in this direction the “snap 
estimate’ must be increased to cover the extra 
cost. Steam heating is generally estimated to 
cost about fifty per cent. more than dry-air 
furnace, and hot-water system twenty per 
cent. more than steam. ‘The indirect system 
of either hot water or steam is the most ex- 
pensive, and is generally fifty per cent. more 
in cost than direct systems. 

Gas piping and gas fixtures, electric lights 
and wiring of the house for current are all 
stumbling blocks for the amateur house 
builder. While gas may be piped at one dol- 
lar to one dollar and fifty cents per outlet, it 
is simple and easy for one to spend ten times 
this sum on chandeliers and side brackets, 
even without the globes and candles. Elec- 
tricity can be installed for the ordinary com- 
fortable home at the rate of one dollar and 
fifty cents per outlet, but ten dollars to fifteen 
dollars are frequently paid for fancy lamps 
and lighting fixtures. All such fancy work 


fenuaryergog AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS re 


must come into consideration in the final esti- 


mate. Anything above the standard cost per 
outlet should be added to the cost of the house 
as obtained either by cubical contents or by 
the square foot. 

Fancy doors, colored and leaded glass, and 
screens for windows and doorways are little 
extra items which play a tragic part in the 
life of many house builders. Doors cost all 
the way from one dollar and twenty-five cents 
to fifty dollars, and they come in plain pine 
and cypress wood to fancy oak and mahogany. 
One must use judgment in selecting the wood 


Copyright 1908 by Life Pub, Co. 


2 g Pez ye ‘\ Always a 
and the amount of fancy work on them. : aa = rele d ashe eoe 
Leaded and colored glass cost from seventy- HER CHOICE s 4 
1 7 Smile, if ye will, 1 
five cents per square foot up to almost any Boos teate sings / | 
price desired. Screens for windows may cost Are closest linked 


With simplest things. 


from one dollar per window up to several be DADE Oe. CON 


dollars, and screen doors from two dollars 
to ten dollars. Wooden fretwork and friezes Copyright 1908 by Life Pub. Co. 
are extra items which run from a dollar or 
two per square foot up to ten dollars. 


160 Pictures 


jor 25 Cents & 
GARDEN WORK ABOUT THE HOME y @ «Ke 


(Continued from page 40) 


Cultivation should go hand in hand with 
pruning. Do not expect the heading back to 
be all sufficient, but feed the tree better at the 
roots. This may be done by application of 
manure, ground bone, ashes, lime or nitrate 


THEIR DILEMMA 


of soda applied in proper quantity, or new soil as IF THFY MAKE IT UNPLEASANT FOR HIM HE WILL STAY OUT OF 
7 around the tree. It all depends SPITE. IF THEY ARE NICE TO HIM HE WON'T WANT TO GO 

en Be by aye = India Print, 22 by 18 in. $2.00 

upon the tree whether it is advisable to dig up 


the sod and actually cultivate the earth about Copyright 1903 by Life Pub. Co. 
the roots. An old orchard should in most 
cases be let alone. A little heading in may 
be done and a little thinning, but if it is very 
old it would pay better to plant a new orchard 
for fruit and keep the old one for its pictur- 
esque beauty. 

What would an old orchard be if there were 
no holes for bluebirds, woodpeckers and high- 
holes to nest in? And no high branches to 
rock the orioles in their bassinette ? 

Professor Sargent’s careful pruning has LIFE PUBLISHING CO. 
saved the Washington Elm in Cambridge, NRE THESE: GERD 40 West 31st Street, 
and has doubtless lengthened the life of the Photo-gravure. 163 by 13 in. 50 cents New York 
Waverly Oaks. They are the best examples 
I know of the rejuvenescence of old trees. 


3eautify your home with 
cheerful things. On receipt 
of twenty-five cents, we will 
send you the richly illus- 
trated catalogue of LIFE’S 
PRINTS containing 160 re- 
productions of these most 
artistic and pleasure-giving 


pictures. 


Pruning can be done at any season except The prints described, whose prices are given, are PHOTO-GRAV URES of the highest 
early spring, but the best time is autumn or possible quality and finish. In their production neither care nor expense has been sparea 
winter. : 


: : to attain the very best artistic results. 
It is difficult to work when the leaves are x 


on, and the work cannot be done so well then. 
Deciduous trees that have been growing close 
together, as in a wood, are often too weak 
to stand before the gales of winter if they are 
deprived of the protection and support of their 
neighbors, so if it is desirable to thin the 
woods, the trees which are left standing should 
be headed back. This reduces the strain on 
the roots, which will afterward grow stronger 
as the top grows larger. Pruning such a tree, 
toc. makes the adventitious buds on the trunk 
grow so that the tree is soon clothed to the 
ground and begins to assume the shape and 
character of a tree which has always grown in 
the open. 

Young trees should be examined every year 
and their defects corrected on the principle of 
“a stitch in time.” 


Or 


KOLI’S PATENT 


SASS 


Lock-Joint Columns 


WINTER PROTECTION ee ee Suitable for Pergolas. Porches 
7 or Interior Use 
are made exclusiyely by 


H. L., Orange County.—The protection of 
hardy plants and shrubs in winter is often 
neglected to the serious injury of many of 
them, but it is not a difficult thing to do. 

It is best not to put on anything in the way 
of protection until the ground is really frozen. 
It is not necessary before that and as the object 
of most protection is not to keep the ground Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. 
from freezing, but to keep it from freezing and 


HARTMANN-SANDERS COMPANY 


Elston and Webster Avenues, CHICAGO. ILL. Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway. NEW YORK 


xvi 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


January, 1909 


Fresh-air heating 


All fathers and mothers iii i, ih: 
agree that if any of the hg 
family deserve or need a 
room that is just right to 
sleep in and to play in, it 
is the children. It means 
so much to their futures 
to surround their youth 
with the pure and healthful 
conditions which come 
from well-warmed and 
ventilated rooms. 


for Hot-Water and Low-Pressure 
Dt AL Steam Heating warm the air without 


robbing it of its purity. There is no 


MERICAN 
x scorched air, no ash-dust, no coal- 


RADIATORS BOILERS = 
gases, or cellar-gases to work injury 


to the health, as arises from the use of old-fashioned heating methods. 


In many cities and in some states the law now compels that all newly built schools 
shall be warmed and ventilated by Steam or Hot Water. If your child is thus 
wisely, sanitarily protected in school, why not yourself adopt this right way of 
heating your home, since the prices are now so reasonable, and the outfits can 
iia ey so simply be put into homes already built? 


IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are a 
substantial paying investment, as they will outlast 
the building. Their purchase will increase the sales 
and rental value of the building, and they will soon 
repay their cost in savings of fuel, labor, repairs, and 
in the lessened house-cleaning and wear on carpets 
and furnishings. 


A No. 020 IDEAL Boiler and 262 ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN 
Radiators, costing the owner $185, were used to Steam 
heat this cottage, at which price the goods can be bought 
of any reputable, competent Fitter. This did not include cost 
of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installation is extra 
and varies according to climatic and other conditions. 


Write today for valuable book (free). Five months ofcold weather still ahead! Sales Offices and Ware- 


houses throughout America and Europe. 


AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY 
PEPPERS SPSS HSS SPSS RSS 


THE GORTON QUICK-OPENING 
RADIATOR VALVE 


FOR LOW PRESSURE STEAM, VAPOR OR VACUUM 
SYSTEMS OF HEATING 


IT SAVES COAL 


Send for Circular and Prices 


GORTON & LIDGERWOOD CO. 


96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK 


T.H.BROOKSECO. cLEvELAND.O: 
Pe LORS IDEWALK LIGHTS. 


DEPT. 6 CHICAGO 


} Our well-equipped Relating to Archi- 
tecture, Ceramics, 
Decoration, Rugs, 


Furniture, etc. :: 3: 


NEW YORK 


Book Department 
His prepared to rec- 
| ommend & supply 


MUNN & CO. 


thawing, it is just as well to put the protecting 
material on after the ground is frozen. 

Strawberry plants do not suffer from the 
cold, but from heaving, and all they need is a 
light covering of straw, pine needles, or the 
old bean and pea stalks from the vegetable 
garden. 

Anything which makes the snow drift in 
and stay is good because there is no protection 
equal to that of snow. 

Deciduous shrubs and trees are better with- 
out protection, as it serves as a hiding place 
for mice which sometimes gnaw off all the 
bark for a space of three or four inches above 
the ground. 

Rhododendrons and other broad-leaved ever- 
greens should have a heavy mulch of leaves 
every autumn. It is better not to rake the 
leaves off in the spring, but to allow them to 
rot and make more good soil. As a summer 
mulch to keep the ground cool and moist in a 
dry time they are very desirable. . 

The protection for bulbs varies according 
to their hardiness. “Tender ones should have 
covering enough to keep the ground from 
freezing and others like the narcissi will do 
very well without anything. The covering 
must be taken off the bulbs early in the spring 
or their growth will be forced and weakly. 

The flower garden needs protection, but the 
operation must be varied more or less to suit 
each plant. ‘Things which have green leaves 
and a crown above must not be covered too 
deeply or they will rot. A light covering of 
strawey manure to keep the ground shaded 
is sufficient. Paeonies, platycodon and large- 
rooted plants of that sort may be given a 
heavy dressing of manure which can be forked 
in, in the spring. For small herbaceous plants 
pine needles are the best protection. 


THE SASSAFRAS 


S. W.—The Sassafras is another neglected 
tree, partly, I think, because it is difficult to 
transplant and hard to manage in the nursery. 
It grows rapidly while young and can be col- 
lected in the fields without great loss when 
two or three feet high. 

The typical shape of a good specimen is 
broadly oviform with the large end at the bot- 
tom. Other specimens under different condi- 
tions may be tall and narrow. 

The leaves are large, soft, irregular in 
shape, sometimes ovate and entire and some- 
times two or three lobed. The color is rather 
a dark green; the texture is not smooth and 
the modeling is bold. 

In blossom it is one of our effective trees, be- 
cause it blossoms early before the leaves, and 
the tree is covered with pure yellow which 
lasts a week or more. It is the most con- 
spicuous tree in the landscape in April. 

On young trees the branches have a finely 
furrowed bark that in color and texture is like 
corduroy. 

The season’s growth of twigs is a deep 
green, spotted as they grow older, and they 
are smooth and spring from the larger twigs 
without a joint, like the branches of a stag’s 
antlers. They seem as if molded in clay and 
cast in bronze which has taken a beautiful 
patina. All parts of the tree are aromatic. 
even the cork-like reddish bark on an old 
tree has an enduring fragrance. The tender 
branches and the buds are mucilaginous and 
pleasant to eat. 

Sassafras tea (a wonderful color) is made 
from the roots. 

In the autumn the dark berries borne on a 
deep red fleshy stem attract the birds. The 
tree turns a good yellow, slightly bronzed. 

The bare branches seen against the winter 
sky are like the delicate traceries and filigrees 
made by goldsmiths! 


Fireproof House of 
durin 


heat of Summer. 


Ask our nearest office for 
a copy of this book. 


Terra Cotta Hollow Tile 
g construction. 


ee 2 aaa 
Fireproof Stable of Ferra Cotta Hollow Tile. 


The same house completed showing eoating of 
Cement Stucco over walls. 


Fireproof Garage of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile. 


e—your Stable—your Garage 


Phe SSE a % 
b “ 


Fireproof 


with 


TerraCotta 
Hollow Tile 


and have a better 
building from every 
standpoint than you 
can secure in any 
other way. 

Read this page 


through—then 
ask for our book. 


Besides the inestimable value of their being fireproof, such buildings are better than frame, 
brick-and-wood, or concrete-and-wood because they are of 


Enduring Masonry Construction Throughout 


By reason of the indestructibility of the material and their substantial construction, these houses 


Cost Far Less for Maintenance and Repairs 


than is the case with buildings of frame or brick-and-wood. Floors of wooden joist construction warp and crack. 
Floors of Fireproof Terra Cotta Hollow Tile endure for all time. 


Exteriors of frame houses must be painted frequently, walls of Cement Coated Terra Cotta Hollow Tile, never. 
Walls of wood, stone, concrete or brick absorb, retain and carry to the interior of the house, the frost of Winter and 
The air space in walls of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile furnishes complete insulation against atmos- 
pheric conditions, thereby reducing the cost of heating to a minimum, and buildings of this material compared with 
brick, frame, stone, concrete or a combination of all four are 


Warmer in Winter—Cooler in Summer 
Houses with walls of brick, stone, concrete or frame, must be ‘‘furred’’ or lined with wood to be plastered, and 
they carry sound vibrations and are subject to the penetration and ravages of vermin. 
Houses require no furring, the plastering being applied direct to the Hollow Tile, and they are 


Terra Cotta Hollow Tile 


Moisture Proof—Sound Proof—Vermin Proof 


All competent architects are familiar with methods of designing 
and building houses of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile. A copy of our book 
showing how houses are constructed of Fireproof Terra Cotta Hollow 
Tile will be sent upon request. 


National Fire Proofing Company 


Manufacturers of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile 


Contractors for Construction of Fireproof Buildings. The largest 

Company in the world devoted exclusively to the business of fire- 

proof construction. Capital—Twelve and one-half Million Dollars. 
Pittsburgh, Fulton Bldg. Chicago, Com’! National Bank Bldg. 
Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg. New York, Flatiron Bldg. 
Washington, D. C., Colorado Bldg. Minneapolis, Lumber Exchange 
Boston, Old South Bldg. Cleveland, Cuyahoga Bldg. 
Cincinnati, Union Trust Bldg. Los Angeles, Union Trust Bldg. 
St, Louis, Victoria Bldg. Toronto, Can., Traders Bank Bldg. 
San Francisco, Monadnock Bldg, London, Eng., 27 Chancery Lane 

2% Factories throughout the United States. 


_ When it is considered that a residence with all these advantages and completely Fireproof can be built at as low cost as one of brick, 
brick-and-wood, stone-and-wood, concrete, or frame, is it not worth while to talk with your architect about this modern construction ? 


Typical fireproof floor and wall construction 
of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile. 


The Sunshine Belt 
to the Orient 


Calm seas and Summer sktes 
A one day’s stop at beautiful Hawau 
The maximum of speed and luxury 


These are the reasons that make the Pacific Mail the ideal route to the Orient 


From SAN FRANCISCO to HAWAII, JAPAN, CHINA and the PHILIPPINES 


Rates and information at any railroad ticket agent or from 


PACIFIC MAIL S. S. CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL 


R. P. SCHWERIN, Vice Pres. and Genl. Mgr. = 


CHICAGO: 120 Jackson Boulevard BOSTON: 170 Washington Street 

NEW YORK: 1 Broadway—349 Broadway SYRACUSE: 212 West Washington Street 
WASHINGTON: 511 Pennsylvania Avenue PHILADELPHIA: 632 Chestnut Street 

ST. LOUIS: 903 Olive Street HAMBURG (Germany): Amerika Haus, Ferdinandstrasse 


BALTIMORE: Baltimore and Hanover LONDON (England): 49 Leadenhall Street, E. C. 
22 Cockspur Street, S. W. 


BEVERLY 
0) 


sbregl tbe 


be 
ad 
< 
> 
ad 
‘aa 
aol 
ee 


$3.00 A YEAR 


The “Royal” Chair 


**The Push Button Kind’’ 


CLOCKS 


is the modern Morris chair, most graceful in 
design, made of best materials by superior 
workmanship, and especially pleasing because 
of the exclusive, patented “‘Royal’’ push button. 


“Pish the Button-and Rest” 


In no other chair are 
such comfort and conveni- 
ence found combined. The 
“Royal” has no rod to fall 
out—you don’t have to get 
up out of the chair to ad- 
just the back. By simply 
pushing the little button, 
just under the right arm of 
the chair, you can move 
the back either up or down, 
as far as desired, to any 
of nine comfort- 
able and restful 
positions, 


Made with or with- 
out footrest. 


The most useful and 
ornamental article you 
can have in your home 
isa fine Hatt Crock. 
We make many styles 
and kinds, with or 
without chimes. 


The “‘Banjo,”’ which 
is so popular for din- 
ing-room and library, 
is a most satisfactory 
clock. 


We also make a full 
line of Marble Clocks 
and Regulators, 


HERE IS © 
THE BUTTON 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for new illustrated catalogue. 


Prices from 
$10 to $50 


® Footrest Slides Back 


“Royal’’ Chairs are sold by dealers nearly everywhere. 

Costs No More Oak or mahogany, upholstered in fabric or leather or hav- 
Than the Old- ing loose cushions, with or without footrest. Write to-day 
5 a for fully illustrated booklet We will tell you where to see 
Fashioned Kind a ‘‘Royal’’ demonstrated. 200,000 now in use. 


ROYAL CHAIR CO., 128 CHICAGO AVE., STURGIS, MICHIGAN 


me 
Waltham Clock Company 
Waltham, Mass. 


@_ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and 
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care 
and in better taste than ever before. 


@_ The most potent single influence working for higher 
standards in architecture and decoration is 


The Architectural Record 


q| If you are interested in building a building of any sort, 
you will be interested in The Architectural Record. 


Send for a Sample Copy— Free. 


THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 
11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO 


THSC NIA 
EMEP eC NIAly 


AUG12 1985 


February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | | 


4 Loe ae s 
of interior || 
decorations found in many 
old mansions are the deli- 
cately wrought lighting 
xtures in pertect armony 
with their surroundings. 


A Reproduction reflect- 


; ing the same spirit is 
shown in the accompanying illustration. 


THE ENOS GOMPANY 


Makers of Lighting Fixtures 
OFFICE AND FACTORY : SALESROOMS : 


Seventh Ave. & 16th St. 5 West 39th St. 


NEW YORK 


Sample and : yp A House Lined with 


Circular 


“ @ Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 


The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 


out dampness, 


g 
: 
a Hels es & Co. 94 ores West 
34 Correspondence Solicited. BALTIMORE 
E hae 519 N. Charles Street Cutter bigeae Tae 
E 2 e oe Neto th and Pe Soe Cox & eee Second Ave. 
Bos eye U. S. Mineral Wool Co. NO. Neon Mf, Co. 
Ri CHICAGO 


= 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY. 


. — W. K. Cowan & Co., 203 Mich- 
B33 CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, 


igan Boulevard 
SAN FRANCISCO 
1748 California Street 


Sliding Doors 
Stick ? 


Ire \ 


Kitchen . 
Showing 
Interlocking 
Rubber 
Tiling in 
Residence of 
c/Mr. Webb 
Horton, 
Middleton, 
N. Y. 


The Round Track 
will prevent your sliding doors from jamming, 
binding or sticking in the ways. It will prevent 


the doors from jumping the track or getting out 
of order. This is what makes the 


ALLITH 


**Reliable’’ Parlor Door Hangers 
the best on the market. They make the slide 
noiseless, are not affected by the sagging or 
warping of walls, floors or doors, and can be 
adjusted without removing strips or stops. If 
you are going to build a house or remodel your 
present one, put in sliding doors and hang them 
on Allith’s ‘Reliable’ Parlor Door Hangers. 
Every Allith Hanger is guaranteed to give 
complete satisfaction. Send us your name and 
address and the name of your architect, and get 
our latest catalog, with prices,etc., free of charge. 


Allith Manufacturing Company 
2119 West Taylor Street Chicago, Illinois 


INTERLOCKING | 
RUBBER, TILING 


An Ideal Floor Covering for Court 
Houses, Banking Institutions, Churches, 
Hospitals, Libraries, Business Offices, 
Restaurants, Vestibules, Elevators, 
Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries, Bath- 
rooms, Steamships and Floating Pro- 
perty generally. 


COULTER & WESTHOEF. Architects, Saranac Lake 


Beautiful Silver Gray and Moss 
Green, Italian Tile Red, Etc.— 
These are the artistic colors pro- 
duced on your Bungalow or 
Cottage by using 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


We are the original manufacturers of Interlocking Rubber Tiling 


NEW YORK BELTING ©, PACKING CO., Ltd. 


91-93 Chambers Street, NEW YORK CITY 
No disagreeable odor. 


CHICAGO, ILL.: 150 Lake Street BOSTON : 232 Summer Street 

ST. LOUIS, MO.: 218-220 Chestnut Street BALTIMORE, MD.: 114 W. Baltimore Street Samples of colors on wood sent FREE 

PHILADELPHIA. PA.: 118-120 N. Eighth Street BUFFALO, N. ¥.:600 Prudential Building 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,:; E. 11th St. @ 3d Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.: 913-915 Liberty Avenue Die xtc CoC ace eroad gts boston Blass. 
Oakland SPOKANE, WASH: 163 S. Lincoln Street AGENTs: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 


cago; W S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St.. New York; John D.S. Potts, 
218 Race St., Philadelphia; W.W. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, 
Pa.; F H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; 
F T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane. Tacoma, Wash.. and Port- 
land, Ore. ; Klatt-Hirsch & Co., 113 Front St.. San Francisco, Cal. 


ST 


POIANA AAA TTANAATAOAATAATAEAA ADAH AANA 


ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


BURLINGTON “si BLINDS 


SCREENS 


AND 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


@ Equal 500 miles 
northward. Perfect 
privacy with doors 
and windows open. 


Darkness and breezes 


in sleeping rooms. 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and 
outdoor veranda. 
Any wood; any 
finish to match trim. 


Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 
BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 
IF YOU WIS TO SUBSCRIBE to only One Magazine, 

careful investigation will show you that the 


should be that one; so thoroughly American is it, so vital and so varied. If, 
however, you require several, we, as agents, are able to secure for you, as one 
of our patrons, what you wish, together with the METROPOLITAN, at wonder- 
fully low rates. We venture to call to your attention a few of these combinations. 


ae The METROPOLITAN and any one 
CLASS “A” nee Vou magazine in Class “A” for............... $1.65 
American Magazine.................00++ $1.00 The METROPOLITAN and t 
Children’s Magazine.................... 1.00 ineasines in Class “A” ae Tee $2.30 
Cosmopolitan Magazine............... 1.00 °° (_——@___—<_______ll_._nn"''———— 
Garden Magazine..............0.......0+ 1.00 The METROPOLITAN and any three 2 95 
Good Health ..................cccceceeeeee 1.00 magazines in Class “A” for............... e 
Uncle Remus’s Home Magazine... 1.00 
National Food Magazine.............. 1.00 The METROPOLITAN and any one - 
*Woman’s Home Companion........ 1.25 magazine in Class “A” and any one $3 00 
PR eGno = ) COR Pe any Class OB? for: sccss ccs sascvenssscere ces e 
° Ic. SS ee 
oe ied Life ore car The METROPOLITAN and one Class 2 65 
fee Rae PARA TORS agp Aldo “A” and one Class “IV” for........... ° 
Independent. ...........ssssccseseseseeneees 2.00 The METROPOLITAN 4 5 
Outing here ee ose igesencestescesoears 3.00 Cl Er and any one in $2 35 
GhereSionise ees ene 1,50 _ ass > Deere reeereEreeeeeeeeteeeeeey e 
’ rice 
CLASS IV : pee Vice The METROPOLITAN and any two in $3 70 
Pacific Monthlly................cesseeeeeee $1.50 Glass) SS B2% for? .citeiorseteriecenesescssises te e 
Bhoto=Eravnss: sacceccessceneedeesecuscve vest 1.50 
LC epee ae ccc ceccccnccsescceessece 10 The METROPOLITAN and any one in $2 00 
World Tartare ee bee eet Oe 1.50 Class IW efor. .se.ccencescestecssenteceeases e 
SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WORLD’S WORK AND DELINEATOR, $3.00 
American’ Education...........:.00sc00sseeeeeteseonsusteceoeseconssecossces $2.00 
THE METROPOLITAN with The Housekeeper and the Reliable Poultry Journal............ 1.70 
Lippincott’s Magazine.................scceeseceeeeceeceeceeeeeeseeeceeeeens 2.75 
SPECIAL! METROPOLITAN, WOMAN’S HOME COMPANION, McCLURE’S, $2.50 
CENTURY. a. ccissdcnocansients onaanacdan slavcsaijexsnesierencese $3.85 
finy of the HARPER’S MONTEL sated vcuceReraceseercet ae 
: 9 F ERARY DIGEST .......50...ecesceccsesessccessseeesseasios 
Publications in this list LADIES’ HOME JOURNAL. 1.50 
MU NSEWYGS 0 aie cesccinccnas sesuccistscsescesasoriceoes cssteceteeecs 
may be added SCRIBNER'S ccc. cosesisescvecssesentsertteness 3.00 
at the price quoted. SATURDAY EVENING POST..................00ceee0 1.50 
YOUTH’S COMPANION. ..............csscsccseceececeeees 1.75 
THE METROPOLITAN jj THE METROPOLITAN 
EVERYBODY ’G............ $2 50 WORLD’S WORK......... $3 2 
THE DELINEATOR...... © EVERYBODY’G........... © 


* Twenty-five cents must be added to all clubs containing W’oman’s Home Companion if ordered after February 1st, 1909 
On account of our special arrangement with the publishers of the various magazines, we are in a 
Position to quote prices to you far below those which would ordinarily be given to you, so if you do 
not find in the above clubbing offers the combination which you desire, write to us exactly what you 
wish and we will quote you the lowest possible price for such a combination. 


METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE AGENCY 


Dept. A, 7 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK CITY 


THIS OFFER CANCELS AND TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER ALL PREVIOUS OFFERS MADE BY US 


—— 


SSS 


== =e. 
PULVERIZED 


{ anda 
||. Riotof Wonderful Bloom \ 
in the Garden \ 


will come surely and quickly if Wizard 

Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is used 

! for top-dressing and mulching in the 
Spring. One barrel equals two wagon 

| loads barnyard manure. Is easy and 

cleanly, to apply and brings no weed hi 

seeds. 


———SS—S== 
> —— 
eS ee > 


iG 

\ | $422 per barrel, freight prepaid 
==" Fast of Missouri River. Cash 

| | with order, Write for quantity prices 


and descriptive matter. 


The Pulverized Manure Co. 
No. 2! Stock Yards A) 
Chicago, III. W" § 


5 Grapevines $1.00 


Strong, Hardy, Three -year-old Vines 


Any five of the following well-known varieties: 
(Red)—Brighton, Delaware, Lindley. 
(White)—Niagara, Diamond, Pocklington. 
(Black)—Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early, Wilder. 


These vines will grow anywhere and will bear the 
year after planting. We guarantee them to beas rep- 
resented or money refunded. We also offer 10 strong, 
hardy, two-year-old vines for $1.00. This is a remarkable 
collection of grapevines at an exceedingly low price. 
Order now,vines will be shipped proper time to plant. 

With every order we send our valuable book how 
to plant, cultivate and prune. Grapes are easily 
grown and should be in every garden. 


T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY 


Grape Vine Specialists FREDONIA, N. Y. 
Established 42 Years 


Van Dorn 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE @ 
STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


FAiscoent Sa 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


GREGORYS 


Gregory’s Seed Book—FREE 


to everyone who writes for a copy. Itis 
full of practical instruction. One of the 
most valuable books for 
farmers and gardeners ever 
given away. 
J.J. H. Grecory & Son 
Marblehead, Mass. 


PREVENTS ,DRAFTS, DusT AND WINDOW RATTLING. 
Hil IVES’ PATENT 
h Window Stop Adjuster. 


IEAVY BED 


PATENTED. : 

The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid 
ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening 
the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New 
Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free.) 


February, 1909 


It’s the Wear 


you get out of a roofing that proves 


and is the only permanent roofing 
with permanent colors. 


“‘To have your roof last— 
Use Ruberoid Roofing first’’ 


its economy and its value— not the 
price you pay per roll. 
Cheap roofings are dear at any 
price. They cost ten times more 
for repairs than you could possibly 
save on their original cost— and 


they don’t last. 


TRADE MARK REQ. U. S. PAT. OFFICE 


ROOFING 


is the most economical roofing you 

can use because it will outlast any 
other. It is moderate in price, costs 
less than metal or shingles, and is 

weatherproof, waterproof and fire- 

resisting. 

It is made in 


Red, Brown, Green 
and Slate Color 


Write for Samples and Booklet 
No. 15 


THE STANDARD PAINT 
COMPANY 


100 WILLIAM STREET 
NEW YORK 


Philadelphia 
Memphis 
Atlanta 


Chicago 
Kansas City 


Boston 


“REECO” ELECTRIC PUMP 


Goes with Your Electric Light (or without) 


We are now installing, just as fast as our manu- 
facturing facilities can supply the demand, our 
new electric pumps for private water supply. 
They range in size from a capacity sufficient 
for the requirements of the largest apartment- 
house, or stock-farm, to the minimum, which 
suffices for the needs of the country cottage. 
Ease and economy of operation place these 
pumps in a class by themselves. The absence 
of fire or fuel does away with personal care, 
making their action automatic, while their con- 
struction is such, that they are operated by 
very ittle power; you simply attach a wire to 
the source of supply for your electric light, and 
the pressing of a button starts and stops your 
electric pump. Your pump may work just as 

Be sure that the name 


you purchase. This 
against worthless imitations. 


“RECCO” - ELECTRIC 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect 


long, and not a moment longer, than may be 
required, hence there is no waste of power. 
These pumps may be installed wherever a 
trolley line runs and, of course, wherever there 
is a public or private electric lighting plant. 
In point of simplicity, convenience, and labor- 
. wee (77 29 4 

saving qualities, the Reeco” Electric Pump 
is a marvel; it is a wonderful demonstration 
of one of the many and varied applications of 
electricity to practical every-day uses. Is the 
electric light more convenient in your home 
than the lamp or candle? You will find that 
the “‘Reeco” Electric Pump bears the same 
relation to the hand pump and “‘old oaken 
bucket,’’ in its convenience and the additional 
household comfort which it supplies. 


appears upon the pump 
name protects you 


the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of 
a reputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump 


RIDER-ERICSSON 
ENGINE Co. 


Write for Catalogue E 


35 Warren Street, New York 
239 Franklin Street, Boston 

40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 

40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 

234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P Q. 
22 Pitt Street, Sydney. N S. W 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood-Work 


Invented © Built by 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


For Garden 
and Home 


Flower Pots Sun Dials 
Jardinieres Statuary 
Benches Flower Boxes 
Fountains Ferneries 


Strength 
Durability 
and Beauty 
Artistic designs and superior workmanship, 
with carefully selected and properly burned 
clay, assure individuality in all Galloway pro- 
ductions. ‘The kind that add character to your 
house and grounds. 
Write for book ‘‘Garden and House Terra 
Cotta, ’’ illustrated with copper engravings of choice 
examples of the potter’s art. 


William Galloway outta 


HE most modern, and _ best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF 
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


Better than City Gas or Elec- 
tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 
pa ke £5 Y, By E. P. Powell 
| SN ey I. THE FLOWERS 


ES OF Ser papa i HE tide that is moving out of the city 

W\/-\GE = R Ss U - P LY SINT Altes not help making many mistakes, by 
s , ae investing in property that they can not 
subdue, and in planting unwisely at the out- 
set. A few acres to start with will always be 
; i ty. . better than a farm of the old sort. Intensive 
A F al / \ farming will make more from five acres than 
rozen Paha" extensive farming from fifty. However, I do 

i AL not propose to handle this question of profit 

Elevated Tank ja + so much as the initial work in making a home. 
Ger uitlli u i I have seen a good deal of trouble and dissatis- 

faction from undertaking too much. I will 


~sremnsiihanagsiaeatiasian: tt tracaet-tmmenceminanmtinntNiisisissewpiiaadseneneisicins 


This illustration is reproduced from 
an actual photograph of a frozen ele- 


vated tank at Libertyville, Ill., owned - De A yj} | use special _caution in the way of providing 
by the C. & M. Electric R. R. Co. From j - lists of fruits and flowers for those who are 
the solo inets ee by A. We EO <a ie creating just “homes,” and nothing else. 
it will be seen that an elevated tan Mags ‘ * : 
exposed to the extreme cold of winter, a | a We may as well start with the flowers, and 
will freeze and an attempt to thaw it ‘ go on in later articles to the fruit garden and 
out, only adds to its disadvantages. ; NE We : orchard. We want such flowers as can be 
“Enclosed you will find a photograph of a 14 (on aa aa easily, and will most quickly make the 
the third tank erected for theC. & M. Elec- ed | 4 Fa 4 FS] | home cheerful. For succession and for 
CES Rolie ae Rea een TN > a aes AA] | beauty, without too much work, I would 
ice and all frozen up. The first tank was A EY. 5 ' ; | | plant the following six sorts of flowers: 
destroyed by fire, by trying to thaw it out : i or Bie ip : s S ° 
and it was burned to the ground.” j gee \ - (1) I would have all the tulips I could afford 
This undesirable condition can be en- || =e ; ee} | to get, although if one buys one hundred sorts 
tirely avoided. There is a watersupply ame ee an ee | they can be multiplied so rapidly that within 
puso in nich the Poe eane” reer if aa | | a few years he may have them by the hundred. 
see peeeey ow or collapse. at sys- zi SRE My own method of growing tulips is to thrust 


them into the strawberry rows, about four 
inches deep, and let them take care of them- 


The Kewanee System of Water Supply | selves. They will send up their flowers mag- 


nificently in April and May, and get out of 


In the Kewanee System, the tank is buried in the ground or located in the cellar. | the way before the strawberries begin to de- 
It rests on solid ground where it can do no damage and it is not exposed to extremes in velop. They will not weaken the soil nor do 
weather. Water from your owe well, cistern or other source, is pumped into the any harm, but when you come to pick the 

ewanee Tank; and then the water is delivered to the | henri : | 
: perrie ere will nothin 
§) fixtures and hydrants by air pressure. Aa pat: alle thing left but some 
_  TheC. &M. Electric R. R. Co. mentioned above |) Meg StaNss. 
is now using four Kewanee Systems, and these plants (2) A country home needs a large array 
en eae satisfactory service. of easily grown lilies. The madonna or 
here are over 9800 Kewanee Systems in successful operation. 1 1 ] 
These plants are supplying water for country and suburban homes, candidum lily 1s best of all, both a for 
pe hee schools, country clubs, hotels, apartment build- its superb fragrance and its multitudinous 
: the Kewance System is the oreinal water supply system, invol- blossoms. It begins to open early in June, 
ving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. Thereare | 1 = 
imitations now—avoid them. Get the genuine and you will take no and continues for BUCS of that month, Al 
chances—we guarantee that. Look for our trade mark and name most as easily grown are the lancifolium or 
plates on tank and pumping machinery. J lili R b h T 5 1 
No charge for expert engineering service. Let us heip you solve J apanese Iilles. fates er t at ami Se Lect- 
your water supply problem. Write for our sixty-four page illustrated ing only those things that will cause little 
catalog No. 36 It is free. 5 O . 
work and give great satisfaction. These two 
Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. lilies will grow in any garden soil, and having 
1566 Hudson Terminal Building, 50 Church St.. New York City. = 
710 Dismmend Bank Building, PRtsbuces Pe: been planted need not be disturbed for three 
1212 Marquette Building. Chicago. or four years—only do not put any manure 


around the roots. The old tiger lily, the sin- 
gle variety (and not the double, which is ugly), 
is so easily grown in almost any soil that it 


Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS should be counted into this list. It really is a 
is a necessity ob MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- very refined flower, although very old-fash- 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. ioned. The canadense or meadow lily is 

For nearly sixty-five years the another that does marvelously well with very 


little care. You can find them in low mead- 


S Cc i e n t i fi Cc A m e r l Cc a n ows, and near water courses, frequently very 


plentifully. Plant them quite deep, at least 


has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress six or eight inches, and they will make a fine 


made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. 


Sees eee ; rowth an n : n 

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in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to ard usage will not kill out these varieties. 

the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains If you have a shady place where the soil is 

authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. deep and loamy you can grow without any 

Subscription price, $3.00 per year. special care the gold banded or auratum. 

The Season’s Best Club Combinations Keep away manure and plant not less than 

Scientific American or American Scientific American or American } ten inches deep; then let them alone. Most of 

Homes and Gardens............... 3.00 q Homes and Gardens | our lilies only want the grass and weeds kept 

Review of Reviews .............0...5 3.00 $4.45 McClure’s Magazine... poh t.!0 $5.35 f h 

$6.00 \ Review of Reviews ..... pease ue) eae them. ‘ * Aes: 

Scientific American or American } ae A 3 oses everybody must have, an o 
jatiomes and Gardens... $3.00 Selentific A merica nor Seca not see why anybody may not grow a lot of 

World's Work. 3.00 ; $6.80 Wonlalsiwer! $5.10 them. Some of the very best ask for little 
Every body/s\ Magazine ie. orn | care, only give them a-plenty to eat. Roses 7 

Sclcntific’areate ete Ane : Scientific American or American __ want rich soil. Always buy those that grow 

Homes and Gardens .............. $3.00 VME PEER eT $4,60 on their own roots, without grafting. I could 

very Dory 8 Masaine aa 150 $5.35 | Woman's Home Companion... ae make out a list of fifty or one hundred sorts, 

_ $7.50 After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina: and not step over the line of hardy, thrifty 

tions including Woman’s Home Companion. plants, but you do not want anything of this 

MUNN @ CO., 361 Broadway, New York City kind. A dozen to start with will be quite 


enough. I would make my list begin with 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v 


Killarney, Richmond, General MacArthur, 
the Cochet roses, the Soupert roses, Balduin, 
Augusta Victoria, and President Carnot. If 
I were in Florida I should let nothing take 
precedence of Marechal Neil, and now in my 
garden there hardly anything surpasses Gains- 
borough and Etoile de France, but in the 
North I do not get from these as good results. 
Where the climate is very severe one must 
select his roses from the hybrid perpetuals and 
the hybrid teas. Out of these select General 
Jacqueminot, Jubilee, Magna Charta, Paul 
Neyron, Mrs. Laing, Clio, Ulrich Brunner. 
Over your porch Climbing Meteor, Mrs. 
Robert Peary, and Clothilde Soupert will be 
enough to start with, and they are all superb. 
Besides a much larger planting of select roses 
I find that I can not get on happily without 
some of the old-fashioned sorts. “These can 
be planted near your fences, or constitute a 
hedge by your currant patch. Get the damask 
and the cabbage and the Scotch at any rate. 

(4) Another plant that you may lay in 
freely is the hardly phlox. It begins to blos- 
som just as the roses are through, and the 
profusion of bloom is as delightful as the fra- 
grance. New seedlings will come up every 
year, and if you will save these, or some of 
them, you will have in a few years hundreds 
of novelties, of great beauty, and all entirely 
hardy. The phlox blossoms all through July 
and August and September. If you will cut 
down the stalks after blooming others will 
come up and blossom still later. It is a royal 
everybody’s flower; it will do its best in rather 
poor soil, only it wants plenty of water; and 
in dry seasons, is not conspicuously beautiful. 
For additional perennials you will find peren- 
nial larkspur very satisfactory. It takes pretty 
good care of itself, does not like too much shade 
and sends up splendid stalks of richest blue, 
from three to five feet high. I am tempted 
to add clove pinks, although these, while 
hardy, are inclined to give out for causes you 
can not discover. But is there anything finer 
than a bunch of clove pinks or clove carnations, 
either in the hand or in the room? If you 
have a brook along which you can grow water- 
cress, sow with it some forget-me-not. ‘This 
darling blue flower has just the right name. 
A little frail plant has persisted in coming up 
in my garden for over half a century. It is 
a bunch of spray with delicate flowers, and 
called fumatory. Get it into your grounds if 
you can. It is the very best basis for a dish 
bouquet I have ever seen. I shall step over 
my limits a little in adding sweet williams, 
for they do make a good deal of trouble if 
grown in beds. But sow the very best seed 
in your lawns under shrubs, and the sweet 
william will become a very persistent sum- 
mer visitor. 

(5) Annuals you cannot bother with at the 
outset, and yet there are a few of them that 
must be included. First of all and fairest 
are the sweet peas. I will tell you how they 
make the least possible trouble and are the 
surest to respond. Plant them very early in 
the spring in trenches five inches deep, in rich 
garden soil, and, as they grow, gradually fill 
up around them with rich compost (not fresh 
manure.) “There are new sorts sent out every 
year, and I advise you to select a half dozen 
of the best new ones to start with, then add 
a few of the very best each year. The easiest 
way that I have found for training sweet peas 
is on wire trellis or chicken wire. Something 
that is five or six feet high at the least. Then 
pick the flowers as fast as they come if you 
want them to keep on coming. Give away 
huge bunches, and thousands more will appear. 
The nasturtium, or tropeolum, is my hobby. 
While most flowers like rich soil this one does 
best on the poorest. If too highly fed it runs 
to vine and not to flower. It is not only one 
of the most floriferous plants in existence, but 


+ : {” g 

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vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


Look Into 
The Door 


Did you ever stop to think just why 
some doors stick, warp, shrink, open at the 
joints and are always causing trouble? You 
would not buy a watch without looking at 
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organ Doors 


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Look at the works of a Morgan Door—the illustration shown is 
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Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong, absolutely perfect in 
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Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors 
may be found n Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. 


Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, IIl. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. 
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A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK 


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By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 


EXTRACT FROM PREFACE 


HE author has endeavored to include 

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One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


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February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


one of the most wholesome; delicious in the 
house as it is delightful in the bed. You can 
not get too many of them. I shall add pansies, 
although they will give you some trouble and 
teach you a lot of lessons. Planted out from 
your hotbeds very early in the spring they will 
give their best flowers when it is quite cold 
weather; then they will die down in the heat 
of the summer, and you must have another lot 
ready to set out for autumn blooming. There 
are three of the annuals that I grow scattered 
about my grounds almost anywhere. Get the 
Drummond phlox and coreopsis and the an- 
nual larkspur into your grounds, and see that 
they are not all hoed up, and you will get a 
splendid chance for brilliant bouquets. The 
larkspurs are blue and white, the coreopsis 
yellow, and Drummond phlox of all shades. 
Mignonnette will generally reappear in the 
same way. Bachelors’ button is a fine old- 
fashioned thing and I think you can afford 
to give it room. 

(6) One or more flowers should be selected 
each year for a hobby. I found great satis- 
faction in growing dahlias for several years. 
I originated a fine set of seedlings of the cactus 
order, before they became popular. ‘There is 
no limit to the sporting of this flower from 
seed. Buy a half dozen of the choicest show 
doubles; give these rich, deep garden soil, with 
plenty of water and sunshine, and you will 
get splendid seed for experiments. The dahlia 
makes considerable trouble, because it has to be 
dug for winter. Dig on a dry day, dry off 
the bulbs under a shed for a week, then store 
in a dry cellar that will not freeze. The 
gladiolus has been a hobby of mine from the 
time the gandavensis had its first evolution. 
You can indulge in a thousand bulbs or bulb- 
lets, or half that number, and sow them in a 
trench of good soil three inches deep. If you 
get the ramosus sorts they will endure the 
coldest winters, and multiply without care— 
only you will have to thin them out occasion- 
ally. I tried seedlings also and had fine suc- 
cess. A third hobby to indulge in from time 
to time should be hollyhocks. “These can be 
planted along the edge of your corn field. In 
fact, if you get them well established they 
will sow themselves, and then can be hoed out 
where not wanted. I do not know anything 
finer than an avenue of hollyhocks running 
along through your fruit garden, or a border 
for your vegetable garden. “The old-fashioned 
singles are better than the new-fangled doubles 
any day, but try both. I am inclined to add 
one more to this list of hobbies, although the 
carnations do make considerable work. “They 
must be carefully covered in the winter with 
stuff that will not rot them, or they must be 
dug up and stored in a light room and oc- 
casionally watered. The clove carnation is 
about as good, and sweeter, and hardy. 

I do not advise anyone to do much in the 
way of bedding plants, but if big show is 
wanted a mass of geraniums (doubles are 
best) will do it quickly. For effect at a dis- 
tance cannas beat everything. In Florida I 
have a wild flower called the Cherokee bean 
that makes the grandest masses of crimson 
scarlet that I ever saw. It blossoms from the 
first of January well into the middle of May. 
A good substitute for this in the North is the 
Oriental poppy, a magnificent perennial that 
cpens its flowers seven or eight inches broad 
through the month of May. After blooming 
it soon dies down and is out of sight. It is a 
very good plant to use in a chrysanthemum 
bed or a canna bed, for early display. If you 
are of a quiet disposition and want something 
to fall in love with, grow verbenas. But I am 
surely running over my limits in naming some 
things that the home maker must not start out 
with. All these hobbies can come in as the 


(Continued on page xiv) 


THE EASILY LAID ROOF. 


Every Architect will realize that, other ae being ei the easily laid roof is for two reasons ‘fe most sears 
It Saves Time—When any candy, man can be putat the job there's no need to wait until this or that skilled mechanic is finished GER Se else. 


{t Saves Money —You don’t need nigh priced men, and even at equal wages the CORTRIGHT METAL SHINGLE ROO 
Instead of other considerations being equal, however, the CORTRIGHT METAL 
e won't attempt to name all its points of superiority here, but 


gone that the saving in labor is a large item. 


HINGLE ROOF has every form of roofing completely out-classed. 


ae drop usa card. We'll send you complete proof of all our claims. 


PHILADELPHIA CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO. 


Note:—All genuine Cortright [etal Shingles bear the stamp ‘‘CORTRIGHT, Reg. U. S. Pat. Of.” 


New Papers on 


Concrete 


Reinforced 
Concrete 


Concrete 
Building 
Blocks 


Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an 
article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. 
The article clearly ‘describes the proper com- 
position and mixture of concrete and gives the 
results of elaborate tests. 


Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the 
proportion of gravel and sand to be used in 
concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 
1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion 
by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems 
of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, 
and their applications. These articles constitute 
a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced 
concrete. Nothing better has been published. 


Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an 
article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical 
notes on the proper preparation of concrete are 
given. 


Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 
present a helpful account of the making of 
concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a 
critical review of the engineering value of re 
inforced concrete, 


Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly 


EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. 
TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED /for $3.40 


Order from your Newsdealer or from 


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CHICAGO 


Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 
give a resumé in which the various systems of 
reinforced concrete construction are discussed 
and illustrated. 


Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 
contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which 
the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are 
analysed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the 
principles of reinforced concrete with some 
practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. 


Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an 
article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of 
success 1n concrete block manufacture, illus- 
trated. 


Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses 
steel for reinforced concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 
1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., 
on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- 
tion and use for farm purposes. The paper ex- 
haustively discusses the making of mortar and 
concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, 
wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- 
struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. 


Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- 


able suggestions on the selection of Portland 
cement for concrete blocks. 


discusses concrete aggregates. <A helpful paper. 
Scientific American Supplements 1595 and 1596 
present a thorough discussion of sand for mortar 
and concrete, by Sanford E. Thompson. 


Scientific American Supplement 1586 contains a 
paper by William L. Larkin, on concrete mixing 
machinery in which the leading types of mixers 
are discussed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1626 publishes a 
practical paper by Henry H. Quimby on con- 
crete surfaces. 


Scientific American Supplement 1624 tells how to 
select the proportions for concrete and gives 
helpful suggestions on the treatment of con- 
crete surfaces, 


Scientific American Supplement 1634 discusses 
forms for concrete construction. 


Scientific American Supplement 1639 contains a 
paper by Richard K Meade, on the prevention 
of freezing in concrete by calcium choloride. 


In Scientific American Supplement 1605 Mr. 
Sanford E. Thompson thoroughly discusses the 
proportioning of concrete. 


Scientific American Supplement 1578 tells why 
some fail in the concrete block business. 


Scientific American Supplement 1608 contains a 
discriminating paper by Ross F Tucker on the 
progress and logical design of reinforced con- 
crete. 


A SET of PAPERS CON- 


Accept no imitations. 


F is laid £0 


vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


sors) Paint Without Oil 


Remarkable Discovery That Cuts 
Down the Cost of Paint Seventy- 
Five Per Cent. 


A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every- 
one Who Writes. 


A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of 
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making a@ new kind of paint without the use 
of oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes in the 
form of a dry powder and all that is required is 
cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire 
proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to 
any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and 
looked like ofl paint and costs about one-fourth as 
muc. 

Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf’r., 16 North 
St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free 
trial package, also color card and full informa- 
tion showing you how you can save a good many 
dollars. Write to-day. 


| Build Your Own Incubators and Brooders 


and save half the purchase price. Any one 
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My New Burner, Tandem Thermostat, and Special 
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than 25,000 have built their own Incubators and Brood- 
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My New LAMPLESS BROODER costs you only $4. > I 
will send you my complete plans and catalog, prepaid, 
for only 25 cents to cover cost. Worth Dollars to you 


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$9 Take off your Hato. ASB | yf 
NTL Write for Circulars 
if i and Prices to 
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H AY a but 
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A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
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MontTuty ComMMeNT—The Old and the New-in the Country 
NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—The House of C. P. Searle, Esq., at Ipswich, Massachusetts. 

; By Barr Ferree 
Hanp-Mapbe RuGs, THE REVIVAL OF AN OLtp HAnpicraFr....By Mabel Tuke Priestman 
THREE Types OF GAMBREL Roor Houses +... By Paul Thurston 
PLANT BREEDING 
THE DINo COLLECTION OF HisroriIc ARMOR By Isabel R. Wallach 
THE Use oF ANESTHETICS FOR PLANTS By S. Leonard Bastin 
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NATURE’sS TRAPS By Charles F. Holder 
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BIUIBITA, “uO}SUIX9"] ysey] ‘IOATYT sowef *y1O.7 YON qesung 


AMERICAN 


Number 2 


The hall in the house of C. P. Searle, Esq., at Ipswich, Massachusetts 


44 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
The Old and the New in the Country 


2 O “butter-in’” was ever so uncomfortable or 
so much in the way as the newcomer who 


| N s%] ventures to purchase a rural property in 

7 <j] a region in which the native-born are in the 

5 As majority. The social comfort of such a 

SGcONA person is precisely that of the Philadel- 


phian residing north of Market Street who 
thinks he can make an impression on the elect who live south 
of that singular dividing line. The pyramids of Egypt, with 
their frayed surfaces and weather-beaten contours, are, in 
fact, in a very mobile class compared with the passive resist- 
ance offered by the oldtimers to the advances of the new. It 
is a force that can not be calculated in any known mathe- 
matical quantity, and its specific gravity is so dense that it 
quite outweighs all other substances, forces, powers and 
combinations in this respect, as it does, indeed, in all others. 


YEY it is quite natural that this should be so. The country- 
side not only constitutes the largest habitable portion of the 
surface of the earth, but it is entirely ample and sufficient in 
itself. Has not the farmer his fields and meadows; his 
horses, cows, pigs, ducks and chickens; his potatoes and his 
cabbages? Does not the daily yield of eggs, the comparative 
size of the potatoes, and the ravages of the cutworms supply 
topics of conversation at least as elevating and as invigorat- 
ing as the vagaries of the weather, or the doings of various 
ladies at sundry theaters on Broadway? And are not his 
neighbors always available for discussion, dissection, analyza- 
tion and annihilation? Here, indeed, we come right into the 
chief delight of the countryside and the final proof of its supe- 
riority as a state of existence. The study of human nature is 
nowhere pursued with more avidity than in the country. It 
is the one universal industry. Everybody studies it and every- 
body practises it. Everybody talks of it; everybody compares 
notes on it; everybody formulates judgments on this absorb- 
ing theme and proclaims them from the roof tops. In the 
city, of course, it is quite different. There one can live next 
door to a man for years and never so much as know his name; 
there you may see your neighbor daily and never have a hint 
as to his business or the source of his income. 


Tuis barbarous custom has never obtained in the coun- 
try. If knowledge is an expression of civilization then the 
countryside is, of all states of mind and matter, the most 
civilized, for there alone is knowledge, and profound knowl- 
edge, of people other than yourself, of affairs other than 
your own, of doings other than those you yourself perform, 
and of matters of which you have no concern. There is a 
lot of useless knowledge in the world, and nowhere is it more 
abundant, nowhere is it more assiduously cultivated than in 
the rural districts, in which everyone’s affairs are of so much 
greater interest than your own. There are, of course, many 
compensations for this state of affairs; for if one should, by 
chance, happen to forget anything about oneself, he has but 
to apply to his neighbors, and is forthwith regaled with a 
mass of detailed information that entirely saves the bother 
of making notes or keeping a diary. 


Ir must be obvious that one unaccustomed to this state of 
things will find it mighty strange and queer. That something 
of this sort exists, no doubt everyone has heard. But one 
only realizes it after one has plunged into it and inhales it 
with the pure fresh air and absorbs it with the pleasant out- 
looks over the open land—natural conditions that are sup- 
posed to be the prevailing characteristics of the countryside. 
And so they are; but human life itself is the greatest of all 


forces, and the human force of the countryside is the most 
overpowering force of all that great fair region. If not pres- 
ent within your house it is without it, and there it is supreme. 
If the country folk are in the majority in your neighborhood, 
they will be the measure of its progress and human desira- 


bility. The farmers will fix the taxes and determine the 


quality of your roads; if they can have a hand in adjusting 
your boundaries, be assured that that, too, will have their 
attention. And the standard by which all these things will 
be done and measured will be the country standard, a stan- 
dard not fixed by expert advice and certainly not carried out 
under skilled or scientific direction. 


THERE may be nothing unfair in this, and never a sugges- 
tion of illegal procedure; but the countryside has its own 
ways and lights, and its own ways of accomplishing results, 
which, being very rural, are doubtless satisfying to the rural 
mind. The fundamental political concept of the country is, 
for example, that the most capable minds of the region are 
the active political powers. The governing boards and coun- 
cils, the public bodies of every sort, are, for example, invari- 
ably composed of the “best”? men available for these lowly 
offices. This naturally follows from the very complete infor- 
mation that everybody has about everybody else. You may, 
together with every other inhabitant, see your local mayor 
every day, as he wends his way to his arduous clerkship in 
the great city. In New York you may never so much as 
catch a distant glimpse of this mighty potentate throughout 
the whole of his term of office. But in the countryside it is 
different; the town clerk may shovel in your coal; you buy 
your groceries from the tax assessor, and the lady of the chief 
alderman, or whatever his lofty title may be, may be the 
estimable person who comes in once a week to do the family 
wash. It is a bit different in the country, and the newcomer 
who has never realized these things will find it difficult to 
adjust himself to them. 


Bur a true adjustment there can never be. The new will 
always be new in the country, and the old old. If the old- 
timer sells his ancestral mansion, the purchaser is entitled to 
no more consideration than if he had bought a pair of old 
pants. He has simply taken something that was no longer 
good enough for the original owner, who forthwith estab- 
lishes himself in a more modern house that can not be com- 
pared with the old in architectural interest and which may 
actually boast no greater comfort or convenience. The 
years may come and go, but the tenacious memory of the old- 
timer keeps alive the horrid fact of the newness of the 
newcomer. The continual payment of yearly increasing 
taxes, the achievement of personal distinction elsewhere, 
even definite accomplishment, count as nothing against the 
rigidity of the country elect, of the men and women of the 
soil, of those whose right to country air and country living 
rest on the distinguishing merit and proud claims of birth. 


But the countryside is broad and its beauties may be en- 
joyed without irritating contact with the natives. Real 
progress in the country is best obtained and illustrated where 
great tracts have been developed by single ownership or by 
corporate development. New communities are thus estab- 
lished in which everyone stands on an equal basis of fresh- 
ness. There may be discomforts and drawbacks here, too; 
the promises made at the outset may not always be kept; but 
at lease everyone will be common victims of the same entice- 
ments. Life has some compensations, even if it is not always 
free from care. 


February, 1909 


lew OSE 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 45 


The house as approached, with main entrance and inclosed yard 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


The House of C. P. Searle, Esq., at Ipswich, Massachusetts 


O)HERE is a penetrating charm in the over- 
4 looks of the Ipswich River that amply 
compensates for any exertion entailed in 
reaching the heights that afford a view 
over the surrounding country. There are, 
of course, no difficulties in getting to Mr. 
Searle’s fine house, for you naturally ap- 
proach it by carriage and road. But its elevation of about 
one hundred feet is quite sufficient to make it a landmark in 
the vicinity, and to give its owner a variety of charming views 
which nowhere can be so well seen as from its porches and 
terraces. Below, in the somewhat immediate foreground, 
is a very extensive expanse of salt marsh, divided by winding 
creeks and extending from the base of the hill for about two 
miles to the white sand dunes which form the shore of 
Ipswich Bay. Beyond these another stretch of the Atlantic 
Ocean is visible, extending from Annisquam on the north 
side of Cape Ann nearly to the south of the Merrimac, and 
including the Isles of Shoals, the dunes of Plum Island and 
two or three great drumlins which rise from the marshes. 
‘To the north there is a similar view, which extends as far as 
the city of Newburyport and the hills in the southern part 
of Maine. Limitless outlooks, very obviously, and wonder- 
fully varied and interesting in every aspect. The house is 
not built on the summit of the hill on which it stands, but has 
been erected a little below the top, so that, seen from the 
river, it is provided with a background of splendid green 
trees. It very completely avoids the barren and windy ap- 
pearance of a house placed upon a hilltop, a clever recogni- 
tion of site values not always to be found in houses loftily 
situated. 


It is not until the house has been reached, and its position 
and points of view carefully studied, that one realizes that 
the choicest of all locations in the great two hundred acres 
estate, of which it is the chief building, has been selected as 
the spot for the dwelling. The determination of the site 
was the first great step in the work of building that was to be 
done here, and both architects and owner are to be con- 
gratulated on the admirable way in which this first and most 
essential preliminary was so successfully realized. 

And the site, very clearly, was an inspiration to successful 
designing, as the architects, Messrs. Kilham & Hopkins, of 
Boston, have demonstrated in this stately dwelling. It is 
a long rectangular house, quite formal in its general outline, 
since it contains no parts, except the balconies of the second 
story, that project beyond the limits of its four walls. As 
a matter of fact, however, it consists of two portions, the 
main part, which constitutes the great southern half of the 
whole, and an extensive service wing which forms the north- 
ern part. The latter forms a continuous part of the wall of 
the entrance front, and its roof is continuous with the main 
roof; but on the terrace front, which will presently be dis- 
closed as the chief and ornamental front of the house, it is 
retreated, showing its individual character, and leaving the 
main building free and independently symmetrical. 

The silhouette, the general outline and form of the house 
is strongly marked. In almost every aspect it presents the 
appearance of a rectangular building, an aspect which even 
the retreat of the service wing on the terrace front scarcely 
lessens on that side. This continuity of parts is both 
heightened and emphasized by the roof, which covers the 
whole building without break of any kind, and which rises in 


46 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 


1909 


The great terrace inclosing the inner front of the house 


a somewhat flat angle to a great level. Naturally enough the 
roof is broken by the chimneys, and some of these are so 
large as to well deserve the designation massive. But save 
for these, and some small dormers on the entrance front— 
windows scarcely larger than eyes, with rounded roofs—the 
roof is a continuous stretch of warm red tile, which forms 
an agreeable contrast with the delicate cream of the cement 
walls of the house. This external color scheme has been 


The loggia and terrace 


quite as well studied as the silhouette, and both, as has 
already been pointed out, are very essential elements in the 
character of the design, which quite obviously owes its inspi- 
ration to Italian models. 

A further study of the exterior discloses another basic fact, 
and it is that the walls of this house are intended to perform 
their natural functions as inclosures for the dwelling and for 
no other purpose. ‘There is no external ornamentation, save 


The entrance door and marquise 


February, 1909 


of a strictly structural kind. Yet the photographs show how 
thoroughly interesting a house can be which is designed on 
this principle, and in which each part has some definite work 
to do and does it in a thoroughly satisfactory way. Take 
the entrance front, for example, which is, in a sense, the rear 
of the dwelling and is not seen until one is almost at the 
door. At one end is the service wing, the lower story of 
which is hidden behind a cement wall, faced with trellis 
work, a clever and ornamental device that thoroughly shuts 
off this portion from the main part. The windows in the 
second story are dropped below the level of the others, and 
the narrow string of the main portion disappears against the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


47 


window. The adjoining window in the upper part of the 
southerly panel opens on to a balcony with balustraded rail- 
ing, which, in a larger form, is found again on the terrace 
front; while at the extreme end of the front is a single large 
round arched opening, glazed and screened, that admits one 
to a covered porch. 

It is easy to perceive from this analysis, that the funda- 
mental principle of this design was utility and convenience. 
Where windows of a certain kind were needed and demanded 
by the interior plan they were placed where convenience dic- 
tated. Yet there is order and form in this front; for the 
rectangular windows are of identical dimensions, and every 


The living-room and library is an apartment of immense cheer and charm 


frame of the first window in the service end. The small 
panel over these windows is not repeated elsewhere. 

Here, then, is a distinct differentiation of a portion of the 
house that leaves no hint unuttered as to its purpose and 
destination. ‘The lateral surface here is divided into three 
unequal parts by no less a utilitarian feature than the 
leaders which descend from beneath the eaves, and which 
are a distinctive feature of every front. The windows of the 
second story give the key to the irregularity of the design. 
The northerly section contains two windows, the southerly 
four, while in the central panel is the entrance doorway and 
a large two-story round arched window that lights the stair- 
case. The doorway itself is eminently simple and is protected 
with a marquise, above which the round light of the central 
opening appears, while on each side is a narrow slit-like 


part is held in place and harmonized by the roof and cornice 
with which the house is crowned, a roof of strongly project- 
ing eaves supported on brackets. 

The somewhat severe treatment so deliberately exhibited 
on the entrance front gives way, on the terrace front, to a 
more ornate and symmetrical development. Exactly this 
sort of development was to be looked for here, and very 
stately and beautiful this front is, which is actually the most 
conspicuous part of the house, quite conspicuously visible 
from the driveway and the adjacent lower country. In the 
center is a loggia of three graceful round arches, the sup- 
porting columns in the center being coupled; it is vaulted 
within and paved with tile, the flooring extending out on to 
the lawn of the terrace with which the whole front is sup- 
ported. The division of the wall by leaders obtains on this 


48 AMERICAN HOMES “AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


The living-room and library is finished in French gray and white; yellow curtains give the real color note 


front as well as on the entrance side; each end panel con- 
tains three windows, reaching to the floor, with broad, firm 
frames and keystones rising above the uppermost molding. 
Above are four windows, smaller and without the large 
frames of the first story; the central windows in each group 
descend to the floor and open on to balconies. There are 
three windows in the central panel over the loggia; and 
above is the roof, in a splendid stretch of unbroken surface, 
the dormers and chimneys being left for the entrance front. 
It is an immensely dignified composition, beautifully pro- 
portioned in every part, entirely adequate as an ornamental 
exterior, an imposing front of quiet unusual stateliness. 
Thus the structure of the house and the architectural treat- 
ment of its exterior. My notes would, however, be quite 
inadequate without reference to the magnificent terrace that 
is not only a conspicuous part of this front, but which really 
supports and incloses the whole building on this side. It 
is about sixty feet wide, and is supported by a stone wall that 
rises solidly to a flat, plain coping. It is abundantly supplied 
with stone benches and ornamental jars and vases; its sur- 
face is beautifully grassed. Great flights of steps lead down 
to the lower levels north and south. On the north they ex- 
tend to a vast lower lawn, and on the south to the flower 
garden. The cement wall which inclosed the kitchen wing 
on the entrance front reappears here in a similar form, but 
with large segmental arched openings, filled in with trellis 
screens, in addition to the applied trellis work in the wall. 


This space forms the kitchen yard and is amply sufficient for 
all service uses. 

The flower garden on the south of the house is a vast 
and beautiful square, laid out in a formal manner, with a 
central circular pool, and rectangular paths with insets at 
the corners that help to give it characteristic form. A broad 
path is continued wholly around the central portion and con- 
ducts to other parts of the grounds. Very gay and beautiful 
it is here in the height of the summer season, when all the 
surrounding countryside is fully decked with its mantle and 
crown of green. Then this charming place is in the heydey of 
its beauty, and every part seems to contribute some essential 
to the completeness of the whole picture. 

The stately character which dominates the exterior of this 
house is amplified and developed in the interior. The gen- 
eral impression is quite palatial in the ample size and fine pro- 
portions of the rooms, in the vaulted ceilings, and the treat- 
ment of the whole. All the public portions are treated in a 
quiet tone of French gray with white woodwork, a combina- 
tion that makes for coolness and dignity, and affords a fine 
background for more distinctive coloring in the furniture and 
draperies. 

The main staircase immediately adjoins the entrance door, 
giving space for a hall in the center of the house that opens 
on to the terrace loggia. The large high windows are sur- 
mounted with round lunettes. The ceiling is an elliptical 
vault, supported by pilasters against the walls and by free 


February, 1909 


standing coupled columns in the center, the latter being a 
device that is an essential feature of the external loggia. 
The curtains are red, and the same warm color is the pre- 
vailing note in the furniture and rugs. The woodwork of the 
furniture is painted white both here and, in a general way. 
elsewhere in the main rooms, thus conforming with the wood- 
work of the various apartments. The effect of this hall, with 
its greined and vaulted ceiling, has distinctively the character 
of a salon of an Italian villa. 

The dining-room is at the north end of the hall, and oc- 
cupies the whole of the house here, reaching from front to 


front. The walls are again French gray and the woodwork 
white. A low flat rounded vault covers the room from side 
to side. It is divided into great panels by flat bands that 


rise from the pilasters, and is decorated by floral borders in 
relief. The walls are paneled throughout, with pilasters 
between the windows and at the corners of the chimney 
breast, which fills the center of the north end. The curtains 
are pink, and the rug and furniture covering are pink and 
white. At the far end is the door to the butler’s pantry, and 
beyond is an extensive suite of service rooms. Very great 
care has been taken to render this portion of the house at 
once comfortable and serviceable. Provision has been made 
for the performance of the kitchen work out of doors, and 
every pains has been taken to make this department as com- 
plete as possible. 

The south end of the house is occupied by an immense 
room that is both living-room and library. The walls are 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 49 


simply paneled by small moldings in a design that pro- 
vides an inclosing panel for each window and door, with 
smaller or larger panels for the intervening spaces as may 
be required. ‘The ceiling is supported by a deep cove, that ° 
rises to a flat central rectangle, decorated with a vast oval 
wreath in low relief. The walls, as elsewhere, are French 
gray, and the woodwork white. The curtains are yellow, 
and this hue gives the prevailing note to the rugs and furni- 
ture coverings. The many windows and the special color 
of the room make this an apartment of immense cheer and 
charm, a cheerfulness that is inhanced by the low bookcases 
with their comforting contents with which the base of much 
of the walls is lined. This room connects with a screened 
and vaulted porch on the extreme south of the house, which 
forms an agreeable shelter from the east winds. 

It is interesting to note that while this house is very 
modern in its building, the estate has been a productive farm 
for many years. The land, in a general way, consists of roll- 
ing green fields, broken by pond and brooks, and is strongly 
reminiscent of many parts of rural England. 

Yet thoroughly modern and quite new as this house is, it 
fits into the landscape, forms a part of the great estate, in a 
thoroughly natural way. In many senses this is the supreme 
test of success in exterior design. A house needs not only 
to be good, but to be suited to its environment. Mr. Searle’s 
quiet house, with its extensive dimensions and handsome 
aspect, surely accomplishes this in a thoroughly charming 
and satisfying way. 


The dining-room has a low flat vaulted ceiling, and walls of French gray with white woodwork 


50 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


Hand Made Rugs, the Revival of an Old Handicraft 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


| many parts of the United 
States great interest is be- 
ing taken in the making of 
hand-made rugs, and many 
women in rural communi- 
ties find that they have the 
means at hand of a profit- 
able employment. The evolution of the 
old-fashioned New England hooked rug 
has, owing to the energy of such women 
as Mrs. Helen R. Albee and Mrs. Douglas 
Volk, resulted in a product very different 
from the original. 

Between thirty and forty years ago these 
pulled rugs were found in the homesteads 
of New England and in the Southern 
States. Many of these old-time rugs, made 
from wornout clothing, are still in exist- 
ence, having withstood the wear of years 
and have outlasted new carpets bought 
years later. As they proved so durable, 
there has been a revival for a continuance 
of this craft, and they are now made from 


Antique rugs made on hand-woven blankets 


OEERERER! 


aeegee 


Showing how the rug is hooked 


new materials which are dyed in artistic 
colors and worked up into beautiful pat- 
terns. As this is distinctly an American 
industry it is advisable to follow Indian 
rather than Oriental motifs. Long ago the 
New England women used to design their 
own, and usually made them from floral 
designs. Many were extremely ugly, 
although originally and cleverly designed 
rugs were occasionally found. As there 
was a crying need for designs, these were at 
last supplied by firms who knew nothing 
about art, but who understood how best to 
sell their patterns. These were stamped on 
burlap and sold from door to door. A dog 
on a mat, a horse’s head, a cow in a 
meadow, a bunch of roses, these ugly real- 
istic designs were scattered all over the 
New England States. Women knowing 
nothing about art eagerly bought them, and 
did their beautiful work over these hor- 
ribly designed patterns. 

A well-known artist who had made a 
study of antique pulled rugs had some in- 
teresting experiences when making a search 
for them. The artist, together with a 
friend, made quite a find when spending 
their vacation at Malpique, on Prince Ed- 
ward Island. They hired a buggy and 
drove throughout the country in quest of 
the much-desired floor coverings. After 
making some excuse for entering the farm 
houses they would try to explain their 
errand. ‘The simple country people could 
not understand how any sane woman could 
actually want their old discarded rugs, and 
very amusing times they had with these peo- 


February, 1909 


ple. Everywhere 
they met with in- 
credulity, while only 
a few took them 
seriously. 

By dint of much 
coaxing and tact 
they were allowed 
to poke about in 


garrets and _ sheds, 
and all sorts of 
treasures were re- 


vealed as a reward 
of their enterprise. One was found in a pile of rubbish in 
the corner of a garret, and only an artist could have realized 
its beauty under the coat of dust and dirt that concealed its 
soft mellow colors. A small rug had been made by a child 
who had designed it and dyed the materials from her 
mother’s dye pot. When the woman found that they would 
really like to buy the rug, she 
went into roars of laughter at 
the very idea of its being any 
value, and could hardly be 
persuaded to name a price for 
it. However, she finally men- 
tioned forty cents, which she 
was quite sure was too much 
to ask for it. It proved, how- 
ever, one of the most beautiful 
rugs in the collection. It is 
hooked through an old home- 
spun blanket and had been 
made by the mother of the 
woman who sold the rug, so 
that it is, in all probability, 
seventy-five or a hundred years 
old. It seems strange that 
sentiment should not have 
proved strong enough to make 
the woman cling to a piece of 
work made by her mother in 
her childhood. 

Pulled rugs were made by 
the women of the family dur- 
ing the long winter evenings 
from cast off clothing,.such as 
undershirts, stockings, flannel 
petticoats and old blankets. 
All of this clothing was homespun and woven by hand, and 
is, therefore, very soft in texture. When these were dyed 
in the old blue and madder dye pots and colored with other 
dyes, made from roots and berries found on the farm, the 
very beautiful, soft colors, together with their texture, gave 
them an old-world appearance that is quite charming. In- 
stead of being pulled through burlap they were pulled 
through partly worn 
hand-woven _ blank- 
ets so that they are 
very soft, which 
makes them particu- 
larly desirable for 
bath rugs. In those 
days designs could 
not be bought from 
the country store, 
and each worker 
made her own, the 
result being charm- 
ing, individual pat- 
terns. 


A frequent design for old pulled rugs 


An old rug of real beauty 


Designed, woven and pulled by a child nearly a hundred years ago 


AIT ERTeAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51 


Among the later 
rugs _ occasionally 
may be found a 
pretty design. An 
illustration shows a 
favorite pattern 
bought ready 
stamped, but it is 
made of old hand- 
woven and _ home- 
dyed materials, and 
seems to belong to 
the old set. Many 
designs were evolved from oilcloth, and quaint little squares 
were one of the most popular patterns among the rugs. Some- 
times the entire kitchen floor is covered with one large rug, 
while smaller ones will be found in the outer kitchens. 

At one farmhouse was found what proved to be the gem 
of the collection. It was covered with dirt, as it had been 
used for the men to wipe their 
feet on when they came from 
the stables before entering the 
house. When it had been 
thoroughly cleaned and _ its 
beautiful colors revealed, 
though a good deal worn, it 
proved worthy of a place of 
honor on the wall. Unfortu- 
nately moths recently attacked 
it, eating large holes out of the 
woolen blanket foundation. 
thus spoiling its value as a rug. 

These old-fashioned rugs 
were especially valued as a 
means of using up old cloth- 
ing, and at the same time pro- 
viding a durable and warm 
floor covering—many of them 
lasting from twenty to thirty 
years. As they possessed such 
lasting qualities there was ex- 
cellent reason why the pulled- 
rug industry should not be al- 
lowed to die out when the 
cheap machine-made articles 
became the rage. 

The revolutionized pulled 
rug is made from new flannel 
of the very best quality and dyed in colors as beautiful as it is 
possible to make them. ‘The designs taken from Indian 
motifs are simply and carefully planned and are worked up 
in many rich, strong colorings. The method of making the 
new rug is, however, almost the same as that of the old- 
fashioned pulled rug. ‘The design is first stenciled on to 
burlap and is then placed in the frame made for the pur- 
pose. As only a por- 
tion of the rug can 
be done at one time, 
one corner will be 
fastened into the 
frame, and it is then 
moved as it is com- 
pleted. The flannel 
is pulled through 
the open mesh of 
the burlap in a 
series of loops. This 
may be done with 
either a coarse cro- 
chet hook or a little 


G2 AMERICAN .-HOMES AND “GARDENS 


wooden machine sold for 
the purpose. The illustra- 
tion shows the method of 
holding the pulled-rug ma- 
chine. This goes over the 
ground very quickly. The 
point is dug into the work 
and the top half is moved 
swiftly to and fro. A skilled 
worker can move it along 
leaving a trail of loops be- 
hind as quickly as an artist 
can draw, so that it is a . 
great saving of time on the o 
old-fashioned method of 
pulling up the loops with a 
crochet hook. In olden times the more symmetrical the 
loops appeared the better the work was considered, but 
irregularity is preferred to-day and this is gained by all the 
loops not being of the same size, and the top of the rug is 
gone over with sharp shears so as to make at least half of 
the loops ends, which gives it a much softer texture than 
if all the loops were of the same height. In the old-fash- 
ioned rugs straight, even rows of loops detracted from the 
design. ‘To-day they are done up and down, across and 
anyway to gain irregularity. 

It is an interesting story how Mrs. Albee some twenty 
years ago started a com- 
munity in the making of 
the beautiful Abnakée rug, 
Her work was _ pioneer 
work and the many dis- 
couragements which _at- 
tended her efforts would 
have prevented most wo- 
men from proceeding with 
an undertaking started en- 
tirely with the idea of help- 
ing others, and from which 
she received no_ personal 
benefit. Not only did she 
make a band of women, 
who had hitherto made 
rugs only for their own 
homes, self-supporting, but 
she has given a new prod- 
uct to the country and the 
benefit of her experience 
and knowledge to other 
women interested in start- 
ing similar enterprises. 
The result is far reaching 
in its influence, as it brings 
a new force into the lives 
of women in rural districts 
where they have little to 
occupy their leisure time, 
and where the making of 
extra money gives them 
- the opportunity of obtain- 
ing pleasures, and _ lifts 
them above the dull rou- 
tine of farmhouse life. 
Mrs. Albee has supplied 
the flannel and hooked rug 
frames as well as the dyes 
which she makes for her 
own community to those 
who are trying to start 
similar industries. The il- 


eit: 


Design for a pulled rug 


A group of Abnakée rugs 


February, 1909 


lustration shows a group of 
Abnakée rugs and a large 
- rug with a_ conventional 
© leaf motif in the borders, 
designed by Mrs. Albee and 
executed by the women of 
this neighborhood industry. 

In looking at the illustra- 
tions we can trace. the 
growth of the New Eng- 
land pulled rug from the 
antique pulled rug, the 
original rug, some designs 
of the best of the “cat and 
dog”’ variety sold from door 
to door, and to the later 
pioneer products. The arts and crafts societies were the 
first to appreciate the evolution of these rugs, and to-day 
they can be found at these centers throughout America. 


The primary purpose of a rug is to be used; but it has 


a secondary purpose that is quite as important, and this is 
to be beautiful. A survey of a general collection of rugs, 
especially those of modern make, and which may be found 
in almost any modern shop, shows that the latter element is 
too often wanting. As to the former quality it is, unfortu- 
nately, not always possible to depend on the claims put forth 
by the makers, but it will be at least charitable to assume 
that most of these claims 
are honestly intended and 
as honestly made. 

But the beauty aspect of 
a rug is a matter that ad- 
mits of easy solution, or at 
least it would seem so in 
these days of general art 
knowledge and art culture. 
As a matter of fact, how- 
ever, there is so much 
to be desired in this re- 
spect that the field seems 
scarcely touched. The old 
home-made rugs, if not al- 
ways beautiful, in the best 
sense, were at least honest, 
and represented honest 
effort. 
course, are exceedingly 
beautiful and full of inter- 
est, and the collector of 
the old-fashioned pulled 
rug will, if she exercises 
care and takes time in the 
search, find herself more 
than once rewarded with 
treasures of a real art 
value. ; 

And these rugs, too, 
have a fitness in the home 
that many expensive rugs 
can never have, and in 
which many modern _in- 
stances are completely 
wanting. [hey are sim- 
ple and unpretentious in 
design, and were made 
for wear more than to be 
looked at, yet they pos- 
sessed beauty that their 
makers may have been un- 
conscious of. 


Bis os 


BOOTS LO OS 


Seni Mee 


Many of them, of 


7 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5. 


Ww 


Three Types of Gambrel Roof Houses 


By Paul Thurston 


ne NE of the special purposes in building a 
4% country house is to secure as far as pos- 
sible all the available space under as small 
a roof as requirements demand. The 
gambrel roof house presents the form by 
which the smallest area surface of ground 
may be utilized to the greatest advan- 
tage, especially when a large number of sleeping rooms are 
desired. 

This applies, of course, to the two-and-a-half-story house. 
The advantage of the gambrel roof over the gable roof is 
best shown in the fact that a greater height of ceiling is 
obtained over the same floor space than in a house which is 
covered with a gable roof, and this is certainly an advantage 
when the attic of a house is required for extra rooms. 


The house of Mr. Walter C. Sampson, at Summit, New 
Jersey (Fig. 1), is one type of gambrel roof house where 
the gambrel starts at the beginning of the second-story floor 
joists. This is done in order to economize in the space, and 
the reduction of the height of the house, making it only a 
two-story house in the outlines of a one-and-a-half-story 
house. 

The exterior design of Mr. Sampson’s house (Fig. 2), 
as well as the interior, are very attractive, and are the work 
of Messrs. Rossiter and Wright, architects, of New York. 
The color scheme of the exterior is yellow and white. The 
interior is finished in a simple manner with artistic results. 
The woodwork is stained a Flemish brown tone and the 
walls are tinted in soft browns and yellows, which harmonize 
well with the trim. The living-room (Fig. 3) has an open 


1—Mr. Sampson’s house at Summit, New Jersey, presents one style of gambrel roof which is most attractive 


54 AMERICAN HOMES AND CGCARDENS 


February, 1909 


2—The pergola effect of porch is an interesting feature of the exterior of the house 


fireplace fitted with brick facings and hearth and a wood 
mantel of good design. 

The dining-room is conveniently placed and connects 
with the kitchen by a butler’s pantry, which is fitted 
with all the conveniences, such as sink, cupboards, 
dressers and shelves. The kitchen, which is off the 
pantry, is also fitted with all the best modern fixtures. 
The second story contains the sleeping rooms and bath. 

Mr. Arthur E. Thayer adopted the  —__ 
Dutch Colonial style of architecture for ' 


his prototype when he decided to build the, 
very interesting house at Dedham, Mass., _ 
illustrations of which are presented here- 
with in Fig. 9. 

Mr. Thayer’s idea was to build a simple 
and unostentatious house which would be 
in keeping with its surroundings and with- 1 .- 
out affectation, and maintain something of 
the home feeling to be found in the old 


“Dining Kam: 


Ise" KIG' So" 


“Recerriozs-Kaom: 
Wer x ize" 


Vervsp~a: 


sLividg- Room: 
Iso" X22'6" 


VIRST: Stony. FL zis 


on Senlsh 2 lFoot:.” 


“SEconp STORY RAN: 


2 SOW x Yair=t Cor-s 


Colonial houses built by the Dutch, and 
at the same time it was to be distinct from 
the type of house shown in Fig. 1 in or- 
der to secure a greater number of rooms in 
the attic. 

The house is placed some distance from 
the road, and a winding driveway leads up 
to the porch in the center of the facade. 
The entrance porch (Fig. 11) is an attrac- 
tive one with Doric columns, trellis and 
seats on either side. It is quite isolated 
from the piazza, where the family life 
centers in summer, and which is placed at 
the side of the house with access from the 
living-room and from the rear of the hall. 

The house has a stone foundation, and 
with its low brick underpinning keeping 
the house quite close to the grade, carries 


February, 1909 


character- 
Colo- 


out the 
istics of the 
nial house. The 
exterior walls are 
covered with clap- 
boards painted a 
French gray, while 
the trimmings are 
painted white. The 
blinds are painted 
bottle-green and the 
shingled roof is left 
to weather-finish. 

The hall (Fig. 
IO), contains an or- 
namental _ staircase 
with a central run 
to a broad landing, 
where it divides and 
continues up in 
either direction to 
the second story. 
Archways on either 
side of the stairs 
lead to the toilet 
and rear piazza on 
one side, and to the 
service end of the 
house on the other. 
She stairs have 
oaken treads, white- 
painted risers and 
balusters, and a ma- 
hogany rail. The 
hall has a paneled 
wainscoting and 
this, together with 
the trim, is painted 
white. The walls 
above this wainscot- 
ing are covered with 
a Colonial  wall- 
paper in gray and 
white, and the whole 
is finished with a 
dentilled cornice of 
wood. 


The 


living-room 


BS 


AIRE AN HOMES AND GARDENS 


BE 


ia hatte at 


55 
(Fig. 7) is finished 
in mahogany. It has 
a paneled wainscot- 
ing, above which the 
walls are covered 
with Japanese grass 
cloth of a golden 
hue, and the whole 
finished with a 
wooden cornice. A 
soft brown rug in 
two tones covers the 
floor, while the up- 
holstery is covered 
in harmonizing 
brown shades. Cur- 
tains of net are 
draped at the win- 
dows, while at the 
French windows and 
doors heavy curtains 
of two-tone brocade 
are hung. The fire- 
place is built of red- 
faced brick with 
facing, and a hearth 
laid in herringbone 
fashion. 

The dining-room 
(Fig. 8) is treated 
with _ ivory-white 
paint. It has a pan- 
eled_ wainscoting, 
above which the 
wall is covered with 
a green and white 
wall covering and 
finished with a den- 
tilled cornice. The 
fireplace is built of 
brick with the fac- 
ings and hearth of 
the same. The man- 
tel is an attractive 
one with a low shelf 
supported on corbel 
brackets. 

The kitchen, of 


excellent size, is fur- 


i i 
mor 
! aa | 


oer!) ra Mice 
= = 


[Laren | 


\ 
LETLUTI 


PLAN OF FIRST FLOCor 


oO 5 jo 
Scaur, 


PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR 


Scan 


56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


nished with range, store 
pantry, pot closet, and lobby 
large enough to admit an 
icebox. Special attention has 
been given to the kitchen 
and its dependencies. 

The second floor contains 
the owner’s suite, consisting 
of two bedrooms, dressing- 
room and bath. Besides this 
suite there are three bed- 
rooms and a bathroom on 
this floor. All the rooms 
have white-painted trim, 
and each are treated with 
one particular color scheme. 
The bathrooms are tiled 
and are furnished with por- 
celain fixtures and exposed 
nickelplated plumbing. 

The servants’ quarters 


TRUNK Room 5—The inglenook is a feature of the dining-room in the Farnham house 


white enamel trim and with green-striped paper on the 
walls. The staircase is a handsome one with turned 
balustrades and mahogany rail. Soft silk curtains of a 
yellowish green are hung to the windows, over other ones 
of soft muslin. 

The living-room (Fig. 6) has a white enamel trim. 
The walls are covered with Japanese grass cloth of a 
golden hue. The windows have soft white net lace dra- 
peries, and in winter a heavier silk drapery of snuft-brown 
color overhangs the lighter ones of net. The fireplace is 
builz of red brick, and the whole is finished with a mantel 
of Colonial style. 

The den has a brown-stained trim and Indian wall 
coverings in bright coloring, bookcases built in at one side 
and a quaint open fireplace with a mantel. 

The dining-room (Fig. 5) has a recessed inglenook with 
an open fireplace built of red brick with the facings and 
PAM (OF (hie beLoor: hearth of the same. The mantel is paneled and the shelf 
is supported on corbel brackets. Seats are placed on either 


CHAMBER. 
PLAY Roort 


Scare 


and storage-room and the nursery are 
placed in the third floor, while the cellar, 
which extends under the entire depth of the 
house, contains the heating apparatus, fuel 
rooms and cold storage room. 
Mr. James Purdon, of Boston, Mass., 
was the architect of this interesting house. 
When Mr. Farnham decided to build his 
house (Fig. 4) he also chose the Dutch 
Colonial style of architecture as its proto- 
type. Mr. Purdon was also the architect 
selected by Mr. Farnham to carry out his 
ideas in the matter and to develop, so far 
as possible, the particular style chosen. 
The superstructure of frame is covered 
on the exterior with matched sheathing and 
then cedar shingles laid with double courses. 
A feature of some moment is the living 
piazza, separated from the entrance porch. 
The central hall, extending through the 
entire depth of the house, is treated with 6—The living-room of Mr. Farnham’s house has white enamel trim 


UN 
~lI 


February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


9—Mr. Thayer’s house is in Colonial style with some excellent detail 


Lng Koorl 


15- X 26.6 


DED ROO/Z. 
VX 16 DEDROOLL 


12X13 
Baty | 


7—The living-room of Mr. Thayer’s house is finished in mahogany 8—The dining-room of Mr. Thayer's house is in white enamel 


58 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


10—The hall of Mr. Thayer’s house has a central staircase 


side of the fireplace. The walls of both the inglenook and 
the dining-room have paneled wainscoting to the height of 
five feet, above which they are covered with a medallion wall 
covering in a two-tone green. 

The pantry is provided with sink and dressers. ‘The 
kitchen, of large dimensions, is amply provided with a pot 
closet, store pantry, range, sink and lobby large enough to 
admit an icebox. 

The arrangement of the bedrooms of the second floor is 
the best possible for light, air and convenience, as each room 
is exposed on two sides. Each bedroom has a white-painted 
trim and walls of one particular color scheme. There are 


February, 1909 


as eaiaae ah ee 


11—The entrance porch of Mr. Thayer’s house 


four bedrooms and two bathrooms in the main part of 
the house, while there are two bedrooms and a bathroom 
over the kitchen extension for the use of the servants, who 
have a private staircase to the kitchen. Three of the bed- 
rooms have fireplaces, finished with brick facings and hearths 
and mantels. The bathrooms are wainscoted with tiling and 
are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated 
plumbing. 

There is one bedroom, trunkroom and a playroom on the 
third floor. ‘The cellar under the entire house has a cemented 
bottom, and it contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms, 
cold storage and pantry complete. 


Plant Breeding 


(emg) ) HE world notoriety which has come to Mr. 
Burbank from breeding new sorts of plants 
has lifted him out of the ranks of com- 
mon horticulturists. The ordinary farmer, 
however, can carry on the same lists of 
experiments, just as well, and in a small 
way as successfully. There is not a farmer 
in America who can not do something toward improving 
fruits and vegetables or forage plants. Our agricultural 
colleges are all at work on these lines. ‘The New York 
college at Cornell is creating new and improved varieties of 
grasses. Some of the western colleges are co-operating with 
Mr. Burbank in establishing edible cacti. But none of these 
co-operative efforts surpass in results the work done by Mr. 
Munson with grapes, or Mr. Hansen with plums. The 
enthusiasm is spreading, so that every summer I receive more 
and more plants or fruits from some out-of-the-way farmer, 
who has either cross-bred or selected. 

The principle is very simple, and the process requires 
nothing too scientific for boys and girls. ‘The crossing of 
two sorts, of vegetables or fruits, is accomplished by trans- 
ferring the pollen from one variety to the other. The wind 
does a good deal of this work, in a reckless sort of way, 
while bees carry the pollen on their bodies. All sorts of in- 
sects are liable to do the same kind of work. If you are 
not very particular as to what you shall produce you can 


leave this matter of crossing entirely to nature—only remem- 
bering that no flower exists which has not been more or less 
already crossed in its ancestry. As a result the seeds of 
every fruit will contain the vitality and the peculiarities of 
two or more parents. However well established any grape 
or bean may seem to be, it is very likely to show in its chil- 
dren some oddity from the crossing of its ancestors. 

If now, in addition to this sporting or natural crossing, 
you wish to obtain more accurate results, you may remove 
the pollen from one flower, and in the place of it sprinkle 
the pollen from some other variety—having selected per- 
haps a hothouse grape to be crossed with a hardy Concord. 
When this bunch has come to fruitage you will select the 
seed and sow it. The resulting vines will give you grapes 
with more or less of either parent. This will be shown in 
leafage, in growth, and in fruitage ; but every seed, in every 
grape, will give you a new variety. An apple containing ten 
seeds will certainly give you ten new sorts of apples. Many Pes 
of these will revert to old types, but the chances are that we 
shall get one or more improvements in fifty reversals. ‘Alva Bs 
one who works at this problem must learn that nature is 
not over prodigal with the good things she has in store: 
Gradually, however, we are overcoming this tendency to go 
backward, and will ‘finally overcome it altogether. : By and==.” 
by the condone will be very strong to improve, so . that. ‘we 
shall have fifty better things to one reversal. ; 


es 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 59 


The Dino Collection of Historic Armor 


By Isabel R. Wallach 


zx Duc de Dino, Marquis of Talleyrand-Peri- 
Za( gord, and now the property of the Metro- 

politan Museum of Art in New York, is a 

revelation of the degree of beauty to which 
metal work may be carried, and also of the 
wonderful effects achieved by the medieval 
armorers. ‘Truth of line, integrity of purpose, and strength 
of construction distinguish each piece, and bear testimony to 
the fidelity and skill of the craftsman. Inlay and overlay, 
chasing and pierced work, damascene and etching, enamel, 
embossing, and repoussé, crowd every available inch of sur- 
face, yet never to the detriment of the grim business of 
defense. 

One of our illustrations is a side view of the plate armor 
neck piece and chamfron that protected the war horse of 
Henri Il. A front view of the same specimen is presented 
in the illustration showing a collection of head pieces. “The 
equine neck and head piece illustrated is remarkable for the 
accurate modeling displayed. 

The collection is particularly rich in elaborately etched 
and gilded head pieces. The helmet-roofs served for rein- 
forcing guards when the marvelous temper of a swiftly de- 
scending blade cleft the very iron, or the force of the crash- 
ing battle-ax tore its way through the stoutest steel. Many 


S 


of these pieces bear the emblems of royalty; others were the 
property of mighty rulers, among them the Medici and the 
Saxon electorate princes. 


Si 


Plate armor of florid workmanship (1490) 
typifies the best work of the Gothic 
por in the anatomical modeling of 
stee 


Striped armor, black and silver etched, of 
German workmanship. The shoe and 
gauntlet are made of separate plates to 
secure flexibility and suppleness 


The armor in the collection is particularly striking, the 
various specimens showing clearly the influence of the dif- 
ferent periods. One of the accompanying illustrations is a 
complete suit of armor of Italian make to which the date 
1450 may be assigned. ‘This austere garment of steel shows 
the stamp of tests which have proved its protecting qualities. 
The suit is one of the few (about four) extant dating from 
the fifteenth century. It ranks among the most valuable ob- 
jects of the entire collection. Mounted on the same stand 
with this suit is an Italian war-ax, likewise dating from the 
middle of the fifteenth century. 

The pierced trefoils and the curved lines in the Gothic 
suit bearing the date 1490, also pictured in one of the ac- 
companying illustrations, show the influence of the Italian 
school. ‘The corrugations add strength, a very important 
factor in a suit that weighs but forty pounds. At the time 
when this suit was fashioned, the armorer’s skill was at its 
highest. “The specimen shows anatomic modeling of unusual 
quality. Particularly is this noticeable in the armor of the 
hands, knees and ankles. The flexibility, the graduated 
thickness of all the plates, and the remarkable temper are 
qualities that have aroused the admiration of those who may 
be considered authorities on medieval steel working. After 
this period, the weight of the armor rapidly increased; its 
flexibility became impaired, and its decoration belonged 
rather to the goldsmith’s and sculptor’s than to the armorer’s 
art. The mailed fist of the figure shown clutches a two- 
handed sword, Spanish in its origin and wrought some time 


A Turkish (Saracen) coat of chain mail (XVI 
Century). The shield is of contemporaneous 
German workmanship, and probably de- 
signed for a Spanish knight 


60 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


during the second 
half of the fifteenth 
century. 

The handsome 
armor of alternate 
stripes of black and 
of silver damascene, 
also included in our 
illustrations, is of 
later date. It is of 
German  manufac- 
ture. The shoe and 
gauntlet are built 
up of separate 
plates, conferring 
the suppleness and 
flexibility which the 
swordsmanship of 
that day required. 

Splendid with 
gold repoussé is the 
half armor designed 
for the great Gon- 
salvo de Cordoba, 
presumably about 
the year 1590. Its 
gorget is orna- 
mented with the 
collar of the Golden 
Fleece. The temper 
of the metal is un- 
surpassed. This 
example resembles 
closely that of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma, pre- 
served in the Vienna Museum. A Milanese shield (ron- 
dache), likewise dating from the second half of the sixteenth 
century, is mounted immediately below the armor. It rep- 
resents a fierce struggle of mail-clad knights and is won- 
derfuily executed. 

A fitting companion piece of the same period, no less 
elaborate in finish, and even more artistic, is the beautifully 
etched and gilded half armor signed by Pompeo della Cesa. 


BSSSSS 


Milanese half armor by Pompeo 
della Cesa (1590) 


A collection of casques and head pieces; the second helmet from the left in the top row 
is supposed to have been that worn by Joan of Arc 


“contemporaneous 


February, 1909 


The scalloped 
edges that peep 
from under the 
skirt and shoulder 
pieces belong to the 
velvet garment 
worn underneath. 
The shield (ron- 
dache) displayed 
beneath the armor 
was made some- 
where about the 
close of the six- 
teenth century by an 
Italian craftsman. 
The specimen of 
sixteenth century 
chia ime marily ilus- 
trated herewith and 
the helmet above it 
are Turkish. The 
shield below is of 


German workman- 
ship. Both show 
elaborate gilding 
and etching. ‘Their 
juxtaposition gives 
the student a fine 
opportunity for 
comparing the Ger- 
man and _ Saracen 
schools. The shield 
was probably designed for a Spanish nobleman—at least that 
is what competent authorities surmise. To the left of the 
armor a German (Saxon) two-handed sword is hung, which 
was also made about the sixteenth century. Contrasting 
strongly with the deadly earnestness of this weapon is the 
two-handed ceremonial sword displayed to the right of the 
armor. Like the former, this is of German workmanship, 
probably the product of some Swiss craftsman. It is of 
earlier date, and was fashioned probably in the second half 


Milanese half armor made by Lucio Piccini for 


Gonsalvo de Cordoba (1590) 


The helmet and shield of 
Louis XIV 


February, 1909 


of the fifteenth century. The handle, 
carved in the purest Gothic style, was orig- 
inally in another collection. The blade, 
hilt and sheath, however, date from the 
same period. 

The exhibit of helmets in the collection 
is most comprehensive. From the simple 
iron hat, ludicrously suggestive of an in- 
verted kettle, to the shapely and truly royal 
burganet of Henri II of France, is a far 
cry. Between them are a dozen different 
varieties, each planned to protect its wearer 
from the crushing weapon of a foe. Some 
are purely classic in shape, and show much 
decoration; others, like that of the Maid of 
Orleans, are simple to severity and almost 
bare of ornament. The gorgeous helmet 
of Henri II, its sides telling in rich relief 
of the victory of Hercules over the Cen- 
taurs, is part of the gilded armor he wore 
when, as Dauphin, he visited his royal 
contemporary, the Emperor Charles V, 
while living in Madrid. Near it is the 
chamfron previously mentioned that pro- 
tected his horse’s head, marked with his 
initial and the date 1539; it is one of the 
few of the collection that permitted the 
animal to use his eyes. The majority 
of the chamfrons utterly prevented the 
charger from seeing, in order to prevent 
his shying at the critical moment. There 
are helmets in the collection that were worn 
by the bodyguards of Pope Julius III, of 
Cosmo di Medici, of the Great Elector, 
and near them Saracen and Turkish casques 
with their distinctive domes and peculiar visors. These 
casques are elaborately chased and gilded, but, in deference 
to the strict Moslem commandment, there is no trace in the 
pattern of a graven image—only a beautiful labyrinth of 
arabesque and geometric lines. 

Pendants and medallions that decorated the bits and 
bridles of the horses are displayed by the score. There are 
also parts of the plate armor that protected the chargers 
from the lances of enemies. 

Important objects of the Dino collection are the shield 
and helmet of Louis XIV. Just how these and other royal 
caparisons were permitted to leave their native soil is a 
question that must embarrass French collectors. The Louis 
XIV pieces are classic, and their decoration of gilt and bronze 
of an unusually high order of artistic merit. During Louis 
XIV’s reign it was that the use of armor was officially abol- 
ished; for that reason his royal 
shield and helmet fittingly close 
a collection of inestimable value 
to the student of history and of 
art, and to the layman who 
finds the living present the logi- 
cal development of a no less 
living past. 

No less interesting than the 
armor are the weapons of the 
Dino collection. One of the 
most splendid specimens of 
these medieval weapons is the 
Papal sword of Sixtus V, em- 
blazoned with the arms of the 
haughty Albani. Other blades 
are here of rare Toledo and 
Milanese workmanship, show- 
ing the wonderful skill attained 


One of the four extant Gothic suits dating 
from 1450, considered the most valuable 
in the Dino collection. 
the marks of the armorer’s proof-tests 


The chamfron (horse’s head piece) worn by the charger of Henri II 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 61 


by the swordsmiths of the period. The 
wealth of decoration lavished upon blade, 
hilt and scabbard partakes of the gold- 
smith’s art rather than that of the crafts- 
man in steel. Great two-handed swords 
may here be found of dimension and tem- 
per that bear out the tales told of men cleft 
in twain at a single stroke. 

But of all the knightly swords, the most 
valuable in the present collection, and the 
one that appeals strongest to our sympa- 
thies, is the magnificent blade of Aben 
Achmet. Sheath and steel are of rare 
Hispano-Moorish workmanship, resplen- 
dent with enamel and gold and silver 
filigree. It figured in a tragedy accom- 
panying the fall of the house of Abencer- 
rages and the ruin of Granada. Pathetically 
near the historic sword lies the elaborately 
wrought Koran case of its liege, Boabdil 
the Unlucky, last of the long line of Moor- 
ish kings to reign in Europe. The pole 
arms of this period are characterized by 
brutal savagery curiously wedded to ex- 
quisite art. The heavy spiked mace, the 
enormous battle-axes and hammers, the tor- 
turing triple-edged pikes, amply justified 
the iron sheathing in which the warrior 
incased himself. 

A curious and most interesting weapon 
is an elaborately gilded dagger, made in 
Germany in the latter half of the sixteenth 
century, and carrying a pistol concealed 
within its blade. The removable tip of the 
dagger forms the key which, inserted in 
the knob of the hilt, wound the wheel-lock. The latter is 
visible through the oblong opening at the upper end of the 
blade. A flint is attached to the under side of the band of 
repoussé that bridges the hilt. This bridge is movable, and, 
as it descends, it releases the spring that revolves the wheel, 
brings the flint in contact with the wheel, and sends a shower 
of sparks into the pistol beneath, discharging its bullet. The 
weapon is ingeniously contrived, and was no doubt highly 
prized by its owner. 

Unlike the dagger, the calendar hunting-knife, dated 
1540, carries its firearm openly. Its German maker must 
have been proud of his clever handiwork, for boldly has he 
made it declare: “ICHENN.*. HAD.*, DISSE .°, KOLLENDER 
.".GEMACHT” (Ichenn made this calendar.) 

There is also exhibited a sword-cane once the property of 
Philip II of Spain. It has a Toledo blade of wonderful 
temper. Still another remark: 
able piece has a pistol dated 
1612, which displays a com- 
plete double battery. The 
mechanism of the ingenious 
wheel-lock is clearly seen. 

The arquebuses and pistols 
show how far the love of orna- 
mentation was carried. Inlay 
of pearl and ivory and overlay 
of gold and silver, repoussé and 
incised work cover the stocks. 
The metal work of the weapon, 
as well as its wheel-lock, key 
and powder flask, show treat- 
ment akin to that of the gold- 
smith’s art. 

Among the smaller weapons 
are specimens interesting alike 


This suit bears 


62 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A curious dagger and pistol 


combined 


sired became a part of his collection. 


for their beauty and or- 
nament, and for the in- 
genious devices that 
insure the attainment of 
their fatal purpose. The 
early firearms attracted 
much attention, especially 
those in which the mech- 
anism of the old-time 
wheel-lock is visible. Pro- 
totypes crude and curious 
are here displayed of our 
modern rifle and double- 
barreled gun. 

The finest specimen in 
the Dino collection, 
so far as weapons are 
concerned, and, indeed, 
the finest specimen of its 
kind in the world, is a 
sword fashioned during 
the reign of Francis I. 
The hilt is wound with 
braided gold wire of ex- 
treme fineness and ends 
in the bust of a woman, 
the modeling and carving 
of which are perfect. 
Similar busts terminate 
the cross-bar, and a coiled 
serpent guards the end. 

Wherever one turns in 
viewing this wonderful 
collection, one is struck 
by the marvelous wealth 
of it, no less than by the 
enthusiasm and erudition 
which the Duc de Dino 
must have possessed. It 
is not that he has here 
and there succeeded in 
obtaining some unique 
example of an interesting 
period; it would seem 
rather that whatever was 
priceless and to be de- 
The representative 


object of any period is not merely a contemporary specimen; 
it is rather the one thing of its kind which is the most perfect, 
or to which romance or history most closely attaches. Moving 
from case to case of the collection, one can not help noting 
how fashion changed in these steel garments, even as it does 
in ordinary dress to-day. The earliest suits show shoes ending 


in a cruel spike, with other spikes 
projecting from the arm pieces. 
A swift thrust from a foot or 
elbow thus armed was likely to 
leave an indelible mark. Later 
the square-toed shoe, supple and 
flexible, by reason of its many 
plates, came into favor. It is to 
be seen in the royal suit of Philip 
II of Spain, of bloody memory 
in England and the Netherlands. 
Over the heart is the cross of 
Calatrava and d’Alcantara. It 
is hard to reconcile the meaning 
of this symbol with the ruthless 
persecution its wearer instituted 
in the Protestant lands he 


sought to conquer. A large portion of this 


‘richly decorated suit, as stated by Baron 


de Cosson, formed a part of the collection 
of the Madrid Armeria Real. From this 
armory nine pieces of this suit were ab- 
stracted in 1839. The backplate, the 
breastplate (with its dependent pieces), 
footplate, and the defense of one forearm 
are added from a similar suit. The latter 
pieces formed part of the harness of which 
parts are still preserved in the Madrid Ar- 
meria, which appears to have belonged to a 
member of the family of d’Onata. ‘The 
suit was made in Germany about 1554. 

Still another suit belonging to Philip II 
is also displayed. Philip IV was painted 
in this armor by Titian. A century later 
Rubens used it, and likewise Velasquez in 
his portrait of Count Benavente, now in 
the Prado Gallery in Madrid. This armor 
was fashioned by a German artist about 
1550. [The numerous pieces of richly 
decorated armor in the particular case con- 
taining the suit and in a neighboring case 
formed a complete panoply of which the 
parts could be changed according to the 
needs of its wearer. In the specimen illus- 
trated, the tournament plates that reinforce 
the armor of the shoulder and face are 
added. The suit was probably made by 
Colman of Augsburg. The sword hilt in 
the left hand of the armor is of Spanish 
make, and dates from the middle of the six- 
teenth century. It is the work of Sohagun 
el Viejo of Toledo, the swordsmith of 
Philip II. 

A very rare specimen is a florid and 
flamboyant suit with its grotesque visor 
mask. The puffing and slashing of the 
court dress of the day (1530) is imitated 
in the metal, and the anatomical lines are 
followed with admirable fidelity, even to 
the instep and gauntlet. Every vulnerable 
point is guarded; yet nowhere is the move- 
ment of the joint or muscle hampered in 
the slightest degree. The lightness of the 


February, 1909 


A sword of 
Aben Achmet 


plates indicates that the armor was designed for occasions 


of ceremony. 


The human face visor is rare. 


Baron de 


Cosson finds evidence regarding this armor (one of the most 
valuable of the collection) as having been a gift of the 
Emperor Maximilien to one of the dignitaries of his court. 
The left hand of the armor holds a Spanish sword made 


during the sixteenth century. 


The helmet of Henri II, seen from both sides. Its rich ornamentation pictures the heroic deeds of Hercules 


February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 63 


A remarkable har- able the wearer to turn his head. The armpits were pro- 
ness is the jousting tected by large rondelles, and a shield fastened at a single 
armor made by a _ point served as a mark for a lance thrust. he lance of this 
German craftsman period was sometimes over sixteen feet long and weighed 
about 1500. ‘This is nearly forty pounds. It could not be held very well, but had 
an example of the to be balanced between a separate ‘‘fork,” attached to the 


nds 


SNE PRICES 
T 


The flutes of this Maximilien suit imitate the 
ruffs and slashes of the court dress 
of the epoch (1530) An early double-barreled firearm in the Dino collection 


most specialized form of jousting armor. Its weight isnearly breastplate, and a long arm riveted to the backplate. Such 
ninety pounds. The helmet, weighing twenty-two pounds, was the weight of the armor, and the rapidity of the charge, 
was bolted to the breastplate, and is of sufficient size to en-_ that a lance which struck squarely would be splintered. 


Armor made by Colman of Augsburg about 1550. The A large portion of this highly-decorated An example of the most specialized form of jousting 
tournament plates for reinforcing the armor of suit belonged to Philip II. of Spain. armor. Its weight is nearly ninety pounds 
shoulder and face are added It bears the cross of Calatrava and d’Alcantara The helmet is bolted to the breastplate 


64 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


The Use of Anesthetics for Plants 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


SJOWADAYS the gardener has to adopt all 
kinds of ingenious devices in order to ob- 
tain the flowers for which there is such an 
unceasing demand. One of the most inter- 
A/S esting of those methods which have been 
e SeD aS recently introduced is the system of the 
anesthetization of plants, in order that 
they may come the more quickly to perfection. Some years 
ago, Dr. Johannsen, of 
Copenhagen, carried out a 
number of elaborate in- 
quiries in order to find out 
the effect of chloroform 
and ether upon vegetable 
tissue. After a long series 
of experiments he was able 
to show that certain plants, 
when submitted to the in- 
fluence of the vapors of 
these drugs while in a dor- 
mant condition, behaved in 
a curious way afterward. 
It seemed that the anes- 
thetic intensified their rest- 
fulness, and brought about 
a remarkable activity when 
ordinary growth was al- 
lowed to be resumed. 
Moreover, it was noted 
that the all-round excel- 
lence of the plants so treated was greater than in the case 
of specimens which were in a normal condition. 

It soon became evident that a discovery of real commer- 
cial value had been brought to light. The production of 
flowers is suck a serious business nowadays that anything 
which will save the 
grower time is a mat- 
ter of great impor- 
tance. Further experi- 
ments went a long way 
to indicate the lines on 
which the treatment 
would be likely to be 
most successful. It was 
found that lilacs, aza- 
leas and especially 
lilies of the valley 
were plants which 
were amenable to the 
ordeal. As well, many 
sorts of bulbous species 
seem to repay for the 
trouble by an acceler- 
ated growth and an 
enhanced beauty of de- 
velopment. Of course 
the expense involved in 
the system is so trivial 
as scarcely to be taken 
into consideration. 

The mode of pro- 
cedure is on the follow- 


Young, well-budded lilac, with roots 
wrapped ready for anesthetization 


Lily of the valley ready for anesthetization 


ing lines. When the plants or roots are in a perfectly restful 
condition they are taken in hand for treatment. A perfectly 
airtight box or tin case is obtained, and all the specimens 
are stored away in the bottom of the receptacle. From the 
inside of the lid of the case is suspended a smaller vessel, 
and it is into this that the spirit is poured. It is necessary that 
the temperature throughout the proceedings should not fall 
below 62 degrees Fahrenheit. As soon as the chloroform or 
ether is placed in the ves- 
sel the lid of the case must 
be closed down and is not 
again to be opened. Of 
course, the vapor from the 
drug being heavier than 
air sinks to the bottom of 
the box and mingles 
among the roots and 
plants lying there. For a 
period of forty-eight hours 
the case is left, at the end 
of which time all the speci- 
mens are removed, planted 
and grown in the ordi- 
nary manner. No very 
great degree of heat ap- 
pears to be desirable be- 
yond that available in a 
well-warmed glasshouse. 
At first the anesthetized 
plants are only exposed to 
the light to a small extent. It is very soon, however, that 
the advantage of the new treatment becomes apparent when 
the specimens are compared with those which have been 
grown normally. A few days elapse, and the plants seem 
literally to jump into life; the buds burst open, the leaves 


Airtight box for anesthetization of plants. The chloroform or ether is placed in the 
receptical at the top and the heavy vapor sinks to the bottom 


February, 1909 


begin to expand, and in a 
short while the flowers put 
in an appearance. The ac- 
tual saving of time brought 
about by the adoption of 
this method is very con- 
siderable. Lilies of the 
valley treated with ether 
were in full bloom in a fort- 
night from the start. Some 
azaleas, which were potted 
up after exposure to the 


anesthetic, were out on 
March 8, although they 
had only been growing 


from the 25th of February. 
Specimens which had not 
been treated at all, and were 
started at the time of the 
others, did not come to ma- 
turity until at least a fort- 
night later. In the case of 
lilac and other plants the 
saving of time was equally remarkable and satisfactory. 

One point upon which there has been some misunder- 
standing among gardeners is that the chloroform treatment 
will make up deficiencies in the quality of the plants. This 
is a very mistaken idea, for unless the dormant specimens 
are well budded good results can not be looked for, albeit 
the vapor appears to bring about a finer development. The 
different species appear to succeed best under a special anes- 
thetic, and it is a matter of no little trouble to find out 
the best drug to use. ‘Thus it is found that ether seems to 


The anesthetization of lilies of the valley. Note difference between plants 
in foreground and those at back 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65 


be best suited to the require- 
ments of lilac and chloro- 
form in the case of azalea. 
Any amateur enough inter- 
ested to take the matter up 
will find a most promising 
field for investigation in this 
question of the plant and 
the anesthetic. The ex- 
penses involved are, of 
course, very small when the 
matter of outfit is con- 
sidered. A certain amount 
of care in the handling of 
the chloroform and ether is 
necessary, as it should be 
remembered that these are 
volatile and highly inflam- 
mable spirits. 

In France the treating of 
lilac with anesthetics at the 
present time has developed 
into a large industry. The 
new method has entirely overcome a difficulty which has 
always troubled the forcer of this plant in the early months 
of the year—that is, the matter of leafage. Lilac could 
be induced to develop its blooms with heat, but the 
plants would not develop their foliage. After the specimens 
have been anesthetized the leaves are produced in the greatest 
profusion at the same time as the flowers. A similar result 
is to be noticed to a large extent in the case of lilies of the 
valley. On the whole this method offers many interesting 
opportunities of study that may be turned to account. 


A Few Neglected Fruits 


By E. P. Powell 


WINTER in Florida is always made more 
) pleasant by the opportunity of obtaining 
a plenty of Japanese persimmons. It is 
-hardly understood by Americans that the 
native persimmon can be grown as far north 
as Boston, and probably Concord, or pos- 
sibly into Canada. I have it growing at 
Clinton, near Utica, New York State. This fruit is capable 
of not only enduring our climate, but of very decided im- 
provement in quality. I obtained cions of the most improved 
sorts, as grown in Missouri and in Virginia. All of these 
took well when grafted in poorer stock. Among these per- 
haps the best was the Josephine, and I can tell you where 
to get Josephine cions or possibly roots. Send to T. V. Mun- 
son, Denison, Texas. He has taken a good deal of interest 
in disseminating this improved sort. I also obtained a variety 
which was nearly seedless. The grafting should be done 
rather late in the season—a couple of weeks after the grafting 
of apples and pears. It would be a good thing for our north- 
ern gardens to undertake the growth of this fruit. The tree 
for shade is exceedingly beautiful, and the wood is American 
ebony—hard and beautiful for polish. I obtained from one 
tree, of about thirty feet in height, two or three bushels of 
persimmons annually. ‘The leaves are bright green, putting 
out late in the spring and dropping early in the fall. After 
the leaves have fallen the fruit makes the tree exceedingly 
beautiful with its golden balls. 

The Japanese persimmon is not hardy north of, perhaps, 
Georgia, although I believe some varieties stand the test 
fairly well up to the Ohio River. Efforts have been made to 


liar, very large, and chocolate-hued. 


bring from Corea varieties that will endure the zero climate. 
The leaves of this persimmon are larger, but not so sym- 
metrical and beautiful as those of the native sorts. I be- 
lieve that no marked success has followed efforts to improve 
the imported varieties. The Japanese varieties are four or 
five times as large as the native, and ripen from September 
until January. The flesh is usually a bright orange color, 
sweet and spicy, and to be eaten with a spoon. Some of these 
imported sorts are seedless, and others are as seedy as our 
native varieties. Like our own sorts, they are very astringent 
when picked before ripe, as they must be in order to reach 
market. I pick my native sorts all the way from the first of 
September to the last of December—storing them in baskets 
in cool rooms until they soften. The Japanese dry the per- 
simmon, like figs, without the addition of sugar; and this 
dried fruit, as I have tasted it, is as sweet and rich as Smyrna 
figs. 

I have tested the pawpaw also in central New York, 
and find it as hardy as it is in Ohio and Indiana. I have 
also seen it growing in the river bottoms of Michigan. The 
leaf is hardly distinguishable from that of the native per- 
simmon, but the tree, instead of growing thirty feet high, 
makes only a large bush, ten or twelve feet high. A pecu- 
liarity of the pawpaw is its fondness for water. A drought 
will either ruin the crop altogether or spoil the flavor. The 
shape of the pawpaw is like a banana of three to five inches 
in length. The skin is very thin, and the contents are like 
whipped and sweetened cream. ‘The blossom is very pecu- 
The fruit grows in 
doublets and triplets, and sometimes in bunches of four. 


66 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


A Seventeenth Century Homestead 


By Alice M. Kellogg 


=) 1) most ardent lover of antique furniture 

# never realizes the full potency of its 
charm until he sees it suitably environed. 

It is not uncommon to find, in New 
England homes, valuable and extensive 
collections of old furniture, but their 
significance is often lessened by the addi- 
tion of modern furnishings of inferior type. The architec- 
tural setting, too, is an important factor in assisting or 
dispelling the old-time illusion created by furniture of an 
early period. 

In a Massachusetts homestead of the seventeenth century 
all the attributes that are essential to a unified, convincing 
background for old 
furniture are happily 
present. Of our up- 
to-date improvements 
only the actual neces- 
sities for comfort, 
in plumbing and 
heating, have been 
admitted, and, undis- 
turbed by alien 
surroundings, the his- 


SLAG 


toric and _ pictoral 
atmosphere of the 
past pervades the 
premises. 


From the date of 
construction in 1690 
and its location in the 
Province of Massa- 
chusetts Bay, one 
might imagine the 
house to be identified 
with the excitements 
of Puritan times; but 
its record is unvary- 
ingly uneventful ex- 
cept that its generous 
roof-tree sheltered on 
various occasions sev- 
eral people of note. 
One of its unique 
claims for attention, 
and the probable 
cause of its good 
preservation, is its oc- 
cupation for nearly 
two hundred years, in 
fact until the present 


The front porch 


tenant’s possession, by successive generations of one family. 
In its original state the homestead comprised eighteen 
rooms and was without the ‘“‘chaise house’ at the right. 
Another addition is the classic front porch, which may have 
been inspired by a visit to Salem and a study of its late- 
Colonial doorways. 

The substantial framework of oak was upheld by walls 
of twelve-inch thickness which were formed by layers of 
brick. ‘This sturdiness of structure was intended for a pro- 
tection against the attacks of the Indians—so say some 
chroniclers—or for resisting the bitter winds of winter. The 
window glasses were the smallest oblongs made and their 
separating bars of wood were thick and shaped by hand. 
The exterior coloring 
at the present time is 
a pleasant gray on 
roof and sides, with 
trimmings of white 
paint and blinds of a 
dark green. 

A portion of the in- 
terior woodwork has 
been untouched by 
any finish except the 
housewife’s _ cleanly 
care and the darken- 
ing of time, a combi- 
nation that has 
produced an _inde- 
scribably soft brown 
tone and rich gloss. 
In the other rooms 
and in the hall the 
woodwork is painted 
white. 

The projection of 
the front portico has 
contributed a space 
similar to a vestibule 
to the _ contracted 
lines of the entrance 
hall, and the addition 
of side windows in- 
creases the lighting 
advantageously. The 
wallpaper in the hall 
is a Colonial design 
in neutral colors. A 
miniature copy of a 
tall “grandfather’s 
clock’”’ stands on a 


February, 1909 


shelf opposite the 
entrance door. 

Those who are 
familiar with one of 
the earliest house 
plans of our fore- 
fathers understand 
the compact placing 
of one spacious 
chimney in the cen- 
ter of the building. 
This gave openings 
into the kitchen or 
living-room at the 
back of the staircase 
and into a room at 
the right and left of 
the front hall. At 
the present time the 
west chamber, at 
the right, is made 
into a dining-room. 
The low, white- 
painted wainscot is 
constructed of solid 
planks, and the wall 
space above is 
papered with a rose- 
trellis design. Thelj 
dining table is a rare specimen of a style that was in favor 
before our modern extension came into vogue. Its center is 
a drop-leaf table that, for occasions of extra entertaining, 
could be enlarged by joining to it at each end a side table 
with rounded fronts. The legs are of the tapering pattern 
of the late eighteenth century. 

A mahogany secretary with tambour fronts has a cabinet 
for china resting on the upper part. The Sheraton card 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Old screen made from church panels 


i 


67 


table between the 
windows is one of a 
pair of this favorite 
model. 

Another view of 
the dining-room 
shows a_ sideboard 
on Sheraton lines, 
with an open cup- 
board fitted into the 
corner wall for 
holding china. The 
old lamps on _ the 
sideboard are a part 
of a large collection 
of pewter, brass and 
glass that has been 
fitted up and put to 
use throughout the 
house. 

The east chamber 
is a parlor, but not 
in the formidable 
sense of being a 
‘‘keeping-room,”’ as 
a feeling of com- 
fortable habitation 
emanates from the 
low ceiling, deep- 
silled windows and broad fireplace. In this room are some 
chairs of different patterns, the Governor Carver and Wind- 
sor that appear in the illustration, besides an upholstered 
Martha Washington arm-chair of commodious pattern, and 
side chairs of Chippendale and Heppelwhite design. 

The card table under the shelf-clock has a plainer leg 
than the one in the dining-room, but is relieved by lines of 
inlay. Two very old metal lamps without chimneys or 


q 
t 


ERE 
SERRE! 


desescen 


The exterior of the homestead 


68 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


The fireplace in the parlor 


shades are reverently cherished in this, the “best”? room. 
The brass andirons are a quaint, rarely seen shape. ‘The 
“Portrait of a Gentleman,” standing temporarily on the 
floor, is painted in oils on a piece of wood. 

In the living-room the wall space above the wainscot is 
covered with scenery paper. ‘The fireplace, with its cup- 


The front staircase 


boards above and brick oven at the right, has an interesting 
group of oldtime fireirons and andirons, toaster and waffle 
irons, crane and copper kettle, pewter plates, foot-warmer 
and warming-pan. ‘The Windsor arm and rocking-chairs 
and the gate-leg table are as attractive a group for cozy 
comfort as may be found in our own day. 


The dining-room and its antique furniture 


Bebruary, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 69 


it stands, as it is too cumbersome to be 
moved through the door. 

With so much of exterior interest in this 
remarkable old homestead, one would be 
disappointed if its environment did not 
reflect something of the peacefulness of 
accumulated years, the simplicity of its 
Colonial origin. 

So many times a glimpse into the olden 
times is despoiled of its pleasure by a 
modern or inharmonious setting. Some- 
times by choice, often by necessity, our 
time-worthy structures are surrounded by 
detracting elements in nature or architec- 
ture. 

The home just described is fortunate in 
being out of the line of city growth, 
although it stands almost in suburban dis- 
tance from the largest city in Massa- 
chusetts. ‘Tall trees are at its entrance, 
and its ancient acres encircle it on every 
side. Uncompanioned by other _habita- 
tions, it has a primitive seclusion of its 


own. 
We of the present generation often long 
The Sheraton sideboard and comer cupboard for the “simple life,” but how many of us, 


given the opportunity, would lead it as 

The wood-paneled screen is a memorial from the oldest faithfully and consistently as the owners of the seventeenth 
occupied church in the United States, and was devised by the century homestead we have tried to describe? 
present occupant of the old homestead from 
the pew doors of the famous meeting house 
when its interior was remodeled. 

Among the chambers upstairs one in par- 
ticular attracts the antiquarian who is in- 
terested in the customs of a past century. 
This is the front room, where a small plat- 
form was built under the high window to 
enable the housewife while at work over 
her sewing table to glance down the road 
and enjoy whatever was passing. The 
woodwork around the fireplace is set in 
panels to the ceiling without a mantelshelf. 
An old washstand has a complete toilet set 
in blue and white china. The high chest of 
drawers with carved sunburst is matched by 
a lowboy that is used as a dressing-table. 
The four-post bedstead is repeated with 
and without canopies in all of the other 
rooms used for sleeping. 

Many of the bedroom pieces of furni- 
ture were made by those who lived in the 
homestead, and one tall chest of drawers 
must have originated in the room in which 


70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


An old-world water jar in a sheltered corner 


A Swiss cottage in the woods 


A Wood Garden 


By Phebe Westcott Humphreys 


WOODLAND often presents opportuni- 
ties for decorative utilization which may 
im) Be ips well be described as a wood garden. An 

MAA | interesting development of this somewhat 
unusual type of exterior decoration is 
attorded by the country seat of Mr. H. H. 
Battles at Newton Square, Pa. After a 
short drive through the home grounds, and past the stately 
old country mansion, the main driveway leads down into 


MC ATL 


Rockery and well 


one of the most alluring stretches of woodland in all Dela- 
ware County, a woodland that has for centuries been taking 
on that perfect charm, serene and mature, which only time 
and the deft touch of unhindered nature can accomplish. 
Here are beautiful old vines climbing far up into the tree 
tops, and clumps of low-growing evergreen shrubbery, while 
spring-fed woodland pools in the valley windings mirror 
lordly old pines reaching out their evergreen branches from 
the steep hillslopes above. 


Simple beauty in the woodland dell 


February, 1909 ANU NN  T1OMES AND GARDENS 71 


In many alluring spots “unhindered na- 
ture’ has accomplished all that could be 
desired. In other places, where it has been 
necessary to remove briers and under- 
brush, some fascinating glimpse of an old 
world garden has been introduced. Al- 
though architecture and garden craft have 
worked wonders in some of the open 
spaces, it is the succession of garden sur- 
prises, discovered in secluded sections, that 
appeal most strongly to the imagination 
and tempt one to explore every foot of 
the magic woods. 

Fortunate is the visitor to this beautiful 
country seat who on his first visit to the 
woodland gardens is charmed with the 
sight of an ox-team slowly wending its way 
from one of the woods-roads, a genuine 
old-fashioned country cart drawn by two 
plump, well-groomed oxen and driven by 
a sunny-faced Scotchman who beams good- 
will on all visitors as they admire his 
charges. Not only are these splendidly de- 
veloped specimens of cattledom the par- 
ticular pride and delight of the owner and 
also of all the employees of the estate, but 
neighboring property owners declare them 
the finest team in Delaware County, and 
the appreciative garden craftsman must 
admit that this old-time country acquisi- 
tion provides additional charm for the 
woodland that could be secured in no other 
manner so effectively. 

On the right of the drive, on entering 
the woods-road, is a broad lake fed by a 
woodland spring; and the water reflects 
the native growths—wild flowers and bog 
plants along its margins, with the aquatics 
natural to the locality ornamenting its sur- 
face. Any attempt at artificial water 
gardening would have completely spoiled 
the effect, but the natural woods lake holds 
a charm of its own; and where the stream 
which feeds it passes beneath the roadway, 
a simple and artistic bridge of rustic work 
has been constructed. To the right of the 
lake is “The Abbey,” fittingly named from 
its picturesque seclusion among the trees, 
and presenting an ideal spot for retirement 
and meditation. This one feature of the 
wood is a study in itself, in showing what 
may be done in transforming the rusticity 
of ancestral springhouses or icehouses on 
the home grounds into cool and inviting 
summer houses, with rustic-railed porches 
and comfortable lounging places. 

A glimpse of “The Rockery,” with its 
Japanese lantern and its wild gardening, 
next confronts the visitor threading his way 
through the woodland walk; and a rustic 
spring just beyond is reached by log stairs, 
with a comfortable bench for resting beside 
the cooling waters. “The Crow’s Nest” is 
well named, as it is not merely a tree seat 
reached by a single flight of rustic stairs, 
but a succession of “nests” or landing 
places supported by fine old forest trees, 
and presenting attractive vistas through the 
trees with every turn; when the broad 
landing—the real tree room—is reached A real bit of old Japan in the woods 


72 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The crow’s nest in the trees 


one may rest among the tree tops, secured from harm by the 
high, firm railing, which also serves as a decorative feature. 

Probably the most attractive characteristic of all this 
woodland garden, or ‘“‘garden of surprises,” is the “Swiss 
Cottage” nestled in an open space in the heart of the woods. 
One can well imagine that he has stumbled upon some hunts- 
man’s lodge in a secluded mountain fastness when the quaint 
and picturesque log structure is discovered—possessing the 
ornamental features which distinguish the Swiss cottages, 
combined with the substantial log construction of the moun- 
tain woodlands. The conception is still further 
emphasized by the rugged grouping of rocks and 
boulders about the “‘cottage’’; and only the hardy 
ferns and natural wild flowers are grown in the 
rock crevices. 

There has not been the slightest attempt 
toward mere display throughout the entire extent 
of the woodland; neither has its beauty been left 
to haphazard, but is the result of intelligent study 
by experts. Each distinct view, each charming 
study is in itself complete; and so perfectly does 
each bit of decoration fit in and blend with its 
surroundings that it appears to have grown there 
naturally, an indispensable part of the whole. 
The plans of this extensive estate, lying off from 
the West Chester pike, may be studied to good 
advantage in the decorating of other suburban 
woodlands, and many country estates where here- 
tofore little thought has been given to this method 
of home beautifying may have their decorative 
value doubled by a little intelligent study and 
slight expense in the development of the garden 
grove or an adjoining woodland. 

The country home, in fact, that possesses a 
garden grove, or one adjoining a suburban wood- 
land, has within its reach fascinating possibilities 
in rural decoration, when properly developed. 
This woodland decoration has recently become 
a charming fad in many localities. Not only 
are all the old forest patriarchs carefully pre- 


February, 1909 


served, fresh growths nurtured, 
with the unsightly underbrush 
cleared away and the woods made 
habitable, but a step farther has 
been taken in introducing decided 
novelties in the form of woods 
decoration. A drive through such 
suburban districts will frequently 
tempt one to leave the public road- 
way to explore fascinating wood- 
land roads, where the finest of the 
old trees have rustic stairways lead- 
ing up to secluded tearooms, built 
in their wide-spreading branches; 
where bits of Florentine pottery 
and roomy marble garden seats, 
imported from sunny Italy, call to 
mind the garden magic of the villa- 
clad hills and woodlands of ancient 
Florence; where walks cut through 
stately avenues of trees remind one 
of the famous cypress alley of the 
‘Boboli garden, and_ intertwined 
branches of trees, forming arch- 
ways over secluded walks, vie in 
beauty with the ilex-walk of the 
same celebrated Italian garden; 
where tall Japanese lanterns of 
stone are set, seemingly to light up 
dark places in the turns of the wind- 
ing roadways, and to guard alluring bits of Japanese land- 
scape gardening. In fact these woodland gardens may well be 
called “‘surprise gardens,” so varied are the quaint types of 
old world attractions introduced, and so frequently does one 
come upon some new and delightful surprise at the curves in 
the drives and walks of the home woodland. 

In various localities this feature of country seat decoration 
has been quite pronounced during the past few years, espe- 
cially in the development of natural features and the orna- 


Ne 


ee a 


ae em 


cana VN 


~menting of woodland pools and streams with rustic bridges. 


Rustic bridge over the woodland stream 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 73 


Nature's [raps 


By Charles F. Holder 


country of whose success the average citi- 
zen hears but little. They hunt with pick, 
hammer and shovel and bring down game 
a million or a dozen million years old. A 
modern goose or tiger interests him not 
at all, but a goose a million years old will 
lure him on from one region to another in a quest filled with 
hardships, whose results are seen in all the great museums, 
in the restorations of the giants which lived in ancient days. 
These hunters of bones become remarkably expert by 
studying nature, and among other things they rely upon cer- 
tain curious traps which have entombed animals untold thou- 
sands of years ago. [hey are of many kinds, but, as a 
rule, they are marshes or bogs, quicksands and lakes, or pits 
of liquid or semi-liquid asphaltum. If a bone hunter can 
locate one of these he is sure to be repaid by finding a gol- 
gotha. In fact, ancient quicksands are the most common, 
but not always easy to find, as who would think of looking 
for one on the face of a cliff forty or fifty feet above a river? 
Yet I have seen such a one not far from the little town of 
E!] Toro, California. Here a little river or creek still runs 


into the sea, and in the thousands of years of its existence it 


has cut down ten or twenty feet, or more, into the soil and 
flowed on quietly with no suggestion of a trap to deer or 
any animal that might stand in its waters to drink. 

In the great asphaltum lake of Trinidad is one of the 
most remarkable traps in the world, containing in its black 
heart the remains of countless animals which in various ages 
have been caught in its treacherous folds. While it is diff- 
cult to conceive a lake of asphaltum or tar, this is a lake 
in every sense of the term. It covers over one hundred 
acres, and is really one of the wonders of the world. Its 
surface is as black as ink, broken with pools of inky looking 
material formed of soft bitumen, with here and there bub- 
bling spots or craters and cracks from which issues a dis- 
agreeable odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. It is altogether 
an unpleasant sight, and almost seems to have a life of its 
own, as no matter how much may be taken it oozes up again 
and the surface is again smooth. Small birds and insects, 
and even herons, are to-day caught in the openings, fall and 
become absorbed by the black mass. In its depths, where sec- 
tions have been removed, the remains of countless skeletons 
have been found, telling the story of the trap that for ages 
has been storing away its victims, holding them down in its 
oily depths. 

There are a number of such traps in the United States. 
An interesting one has been known for fifty years in South- 
ern California. It is a small lake or deposit of liquid asphal- 
tum, midway between the City of Los Angeles and the ocean, 
in the shadow of the Sierra Santa Monica range. There is 
every evidence of great age to the lake. I saw this lake first 
in 1886. It was from a distance an innocent pool, and 
about it were white herons and curlews. The old ranchers 
considered it a dangerous trap for their cattle, and it was 
said various animals had been lost in its depths. At that 
time the great oil industry of Los Angeles had not been 
started, and the deposit of tar and asphalt did not attract 
much attention, as it was known that there were other simi- 
lar ones in Southern California—one in Ventura, another 
north of Santa Barbara, and one out at sea, from which oil 
oozes up, so that a great patch of water is always smooth. 


Off the port of Redondo there is an asphalt spring, and the 
beach is often littered with tar that is washed ashore. Such 
quantities are found at times alongshore that the rocks are 
splashed with it, and large turtles caught sometimes have 
their mouths full of it. 

The Los Angeles “‘trap” is found near the electric line be- 
tween the towns of Sawtelle and Hollywood, in sight of the 
ocean. Without doubt it is one of the most valuable traps 
to science in the country, as possibly for a million years it has 
been in active operation, changing year after year in density, 
according to the heat, the slimy, sticky mass bubbling up to 
entomb and trap various animals. The asphalt in some 
places appears to be made up almost entirely of bones that 
have been accumulating for ages, and paleontologists have 
found that many of them relate to a past age. The quarry 
has been excavated in places to a depth of twenty feet, and 
doubtless bones and perfect skeletons might be found at 
greater depths. 

This innocent pool has lured animals into its oozy depths 
for countless ages; ducks, geese, herons, cranes, shore birds of 
every kind, insects—all the small animals of the section that 
would go down to a pool to drink have been caught and 
trapped. Coyotes, wild cats, bear, wolf, badgers, weasels, 
gophers, civit cats, skunks, coons—all have been caught here. 
Then we enter the past ages, as here is the skeleton of the big 
saber-toothed tiger, a contemporary of the mastodon and 
mammoth, evidences of both of which have been found here. 
In 1887 I saw the blackened tooth of a mastodon, said to 
have been taken here. From the number of excellent skeletons 
of the saber-toothed tiger it is evident that at one time the 
animai was very common in Southern California. The animal 
was, if anything, larger than the Indian tiger, and had tusks 
of extraordinary nature, virtual poignards with which the 
animal struck terrific downward blows, stabbing the enemy. 

As numbers of extinct horses have been found in this trap, 
especially colts, it is easy to imagine that they may have 
been followed by the saber-toothed tiger. Here have been 
discovered the remains of an early bison, antelope, elk and 
deer, as well as a camel—animals which were chased into the 
deposit by the big tigers and wolves of the period; in fact 
one of the common victims of this trap, that is still set for 
the unwary, is the big wolf that doubtless ran about the trap 
and was entombed in an attempt to reach other victims. The 
most interesting remains found here are those of a sloth, 
which may have been larger than a bison. Its claws were 
found, and over the bones of a skeleton were discovered 
the pebble-like bones of the skin. 

How long this trap has been in operation no one can say, 
but it doubtless dates back to early Cenozoic time, which 
is supposed to represent about 3,000,000 years, and complete 
excavations may result in the discovery of all the strange 
animals of the Quaternary period. The animals which wan- 
dered around this trap represented a strange diversity from 
those of to-day. They were giants, and among them were 
several elephants, a huge mastodon, several horses much 
larger than the present horse, a giant ox, bison, a monster 
tapir, bears many times larger than those still found in 
Texas or New Mexico, a species of wild hog, and the giant 
sloths—Megatherium, Mylodon and Megalonyx—ground 
sloths of vast size, the Megatherium being eighteen feet in 
length; an animal that must have weighed many tons and 
which easily pulled large trees to the ground. 


[ 
l 


a a Jah = 4 & 
joc.” FO SRO OB 
i 


No 


The house is built in keeping with the contour of its site 


The Country Seat of Charles S. Brown, Esq. 


Mount Kisco, New York 


By Charles Chauncey 


$37 NE of the newer houses which have been 
built at Mt. Kisco, New York, is the one 
recently erected for Mr. Brown, from 
plans prepared by Albro and Lindeberg, 
architects, of New York City. The house 
is particularly interesting and it presents 
many unique features, for the whole place 
is happy and suggestive of an atmosphere which seems to be 
natural and in keeping with its surroundings, and at the same 
time meets the ideal as to the climatic and esthetic require- 
ments of the American home. 

Mr. Brown’s house is a very excellent example of this par- 
ticular style of house, and it is built with the effect of its 
rising out of the site which is a natural one of rocks and 
sloping landscape. ‘he idea which has been paramount in 
the mind of the architects has been to design the house so 
that it will conform with the contour of its site. For instance, 
when it was decided to bring in a sweeping road from the 
highway to the front door it was found 
impossible to reach the level of the front 
door by any sort of a proper grade, so 
it was deemed feasible to bring the 


[BAtcony 


driveway in at the level of the basement and spring an arch- 
way over the porte-cochere, which would form a support to 
the service end of the house, and at the same time form an en- 
trance and vestibule from which a broad flight of stairs rise 
to the level of the first floor. 

The main walls of the house are built of rough fieldstone 
taken from the site and laid up in white mortar with wide 
mortar joints. The effect is most attractive for the reason 
that it has the appearance of the building really belonging 
to the site and that it was a part of it. The severity of the 
exterior color tone, if there be any, is softened by the half- 
timbered work with its soft brown stained half-timbers and 
the soft gray plaster work. ‘The roof is the most unusual 
feature of the house, and the idea has been to use a device 


JSMOKINIG ROOM 


iN) 
Tt 


Ell 


r 
> 
< 


| 


The elongated form of the interior arrangement permits of good light and ventilation which is essentially good 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN (HOMES 


AND GARDENS 75 


The sweeping lines of the roof bring the house close to the ground 


not with a view of imitating, but to produce the softening 
effect of a thatched roof. ‘This roof is built of shingles that 
are cut and laid so as to show the lines such as those which 
are to be found in the thatched roof in its original as con- 
structed of straw. 

The interior throughout is trimmed with chestnut, and 
finished with a dark grayish brown stain. The main hall, 
which is a central one, contains a stairway of some beauty, 
rising up to a broad landing. 


The drawing-room of large dimensions has a trim which, 
with its special treatment, brings out the grain of the wood 
in a very excellent manner. The walls are covered with wall 
covering in two shades of yellow with a large figure. Ori- 
ental rugs cover the polished floor and the draperies which 
are hung at the windows are of figured cretone of yellow 
and white. The fireplace is quite the feature of the room, 
for it is built of red Harvard brick with the butt ends pro- 
truding so as to form shadows when the bricks are laid. 


The drawing-room has a color scheme of two shades of yellow for the wall covering. The upholstery and curtains are of a similar tone 


76 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


Pr yatyeneneen 


° 


z 


a 
“a, 
TY a 
er 
PF | 
* 


Si] 
ial, 


The dining-room has a batten wainscoting of chestnut with the walls above tinted a bluish green color 


The dining-room is treated in a similar manner. It has a_ shelf, is a dignified feature of the room. ‘The den is a study 
wainscoting of chestnut battens which are matched and_ in red, and it is most artistic in its treatment and has an open 
fastened together with ‘‘Dutchmen”; this is very effective for fireplace and bookcases built in. 
it helps to match the woodwork. The walls above this wains- The service end of the house is provided with all the neces- 


: a, See Cee “ : Teg Oks ee 
mee a cies a nd or NOL ABA IIE MN I me OB ha 


The stable is of half-timber and 


stucco 


sary fixtures to be 
found in a well regu- 
lated house. The 
second floor of the 
house is divided into 
five bedrooms, one 
dressing-room and 
three bathrooms. 


coting are tinted a 
bluish green tone. 
The fireplace, which 
is built with its fac- 
ings and hearth of 
Harvard brick and 
surmounted with a 
massive wooden 


TARRIAGE ROOM 


ROOM 


STALL 


February, 1909 


A New Method 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


By Rosika Schwimmer 


G SHEN the “home,” as it now exists, is di- 
§ vested of the traditional glamour with which 
our fancy has clothed it, and regarded with 
a dispassionate and objectively seeing eye, 
its naked cheerlessness becomes appalling. 

Yet housekeeping has been undergoing 
reform and improvement ever since the be- 
ginning of specialized industry. At first the family hearth 
was the center of all the industries which have since become 
specialized, and have been removed to factories. The re- 
moval of each class of work—soapmaking, brewing, baking, 
weaving, etc-—marked an advance in housekeeping. Now 
only four classes are left—laundry work (and this is fast 
going), housekeeping, cooking and the care and training 
of children. 

The inefficiency and unhygienic character of the usual 
methods of housekeeping are obvious. Much of the dust 
dislodged by the broom settles down again, after poisoning 
the air for hours. Carpets, curtains and the upholstery 
and carved decorations of furniture are never free from 
dust. 

No diligence in housekeeping can keep the house clean 
so long as it is heated with coal and lighted with gas or 
kerosene. The progress of applied science has given us 
electric light, steam heat, ventilating apparatus and pneu- 
matic dust collectors, but these blessings are enjoyed only by 
the rich and can not be introduced into the ordinary small 
home. 

The defects of home cooking are apparent to every phy- 
sician. Almost every other art has become highly specialized, 
but in the preparation of food we cling tentatively to ama- 
teur methods. 

The same is true of the care of children, so that the 
mother is expected to be, as Charlotte Perkins Gilman says, 
an embryo combination of cook, nurse, laundress, chamber- 
maid, waitress, governess and housekeeper—Jack of all 
trades and master of none. 

An attempt to reform this state of things has been made 
by Otto Fick, who established an apartment house of a novel 
type in Copenhagen in 1904. The apartments—twenty-five 
in number and containing from three to five rooms each— 
are rented unfurnished, so that each family can furnish its 
home in accordance with its own tastes and requirements. 
Each apartment has a kitchenette with a gas stove and a 
bathroom, supplied with hot water day and night. Electric 
light and central steam heating are included in the equip- 
ment, and each apartment is connected by telephone with 
the general kitchen, and also with the public telephone sys- 
tem. Meals are prepared in the general kitchen and sent 
up to each apartment by means of an electric dumb-waiter. 

Privacy is as complete as in an apartment house of the 
usual type. The only commercial feature is the centraliza- 
_ tion and specialization of every task of housekeeping—clean- 
ing, ventilation, lighting, heating and preparation of food— 
so that the tenants are entirely relieved of the burdens of 
marketing, making fires, cooking, sewing, dishwashing, etc. 

Luncheon is served in the apartments from ten to twelve, 
and neatly packed luncheons are provided for school children 
and others who desire them. Dinner is served in the after- 
noon, according to Copenhagen custom, and tea until ten in 
the evening. 

The menu is so extensive and varied that monotony can 
be easily avoided, and the general kitchen has a list of the 


77 
of Housekeeping 
preferences, and particularly of the aversions, of every 


family, in which it is gravely set down that one family is 
never to be served with mushrooms, a second with cabbage, a 
third with rice pudding, etc. Individual, as well as family, 
preferences are respected. 

Dishes, plates, cups, etc., of the so-called “unbreakable” 
ware are furnished by the management, but each family 
may provide its own table ware and have it washed in the 
general kitchen, without, however, any guarantee against 
breakage. Laundry work, extra service and meals for occa- 
sional guests are furnished at low rates. 

Cheapness, indeed, is the guiding principle, and cheapness 
combined with excellence is attainable only with the aid of 
centralized housekeeping. The kitchens and other service 
rooms in the basement are equipped with the most approved 
apparatus, and the food and other supplies are abundant 
and of the best quality. 

The annual charges for rent, heat, light, baths, food and 
service, including pneumatic “sweeping,” window cleaning 
and even shoe polishing, are about 


For 2 adults occupying a 3 room apartment . 5420.00 
For 2 adults occupying a 4 room apartment 550.00 
For 3 adults occupying a 4 room apartment 735.00 
For 4 adults occupying a 4 room apartment 855.00 
For 2 adults occupying a 5 room apartment 655.00 
For 3 adults occupying a 5 room apartment 795.00 
For 4 adults occupying a 5 room apartment 930.00 


Small additional charges are made for children and 
servants. 

This first centralized apartment house has proved so suc- 
cessful that others are projected. Fick also purposes to 
erect a house with large general playrooms for school chil- 
dren and for small children. Nurses will also be provided so 
that mothers who have occupations away from home will be 
able to leave their little ones in safe keeping. 

Another event of the Fick system is that it settles the 
servant question to the advantage of both employer and em- 
ployed. Much of the work of the centralized household is 
performed by machines and the rest is skilled labor with 
definite hours of work. When housekeeping is thus raised 
to the rank of a specialized industry it will attract workers 
of a more intelligent class who now very justifiably refuse to 
work sixteen or eighteen hours a day. 

There are other advantages, both economic and social. 
Under the present system a house is unattainable by an 
unmarried man or woman, yet the cost and burden of house- 
keeping act as preventives of marriage. The system is very 
elastic and allows of apartments of two rooms, or even one 
room, and of general dining-rooms, reading-rooms, etc. 

Finally, the lifting of the burden of housework makes 
possible a reform in child culture. At present only the chil- 
dren of the wealthiest classes enjoy anything like proper 
care and training. All other children are sacrificed to the 
foolish tradition which regards the mother as the natural 
teacher and the home as the best school. Mother love is 
an instinct, and it implies no pedagogic ability, as daily ex- 
perience proves. Education is a function of society, and it 
should be performed by persons of fitting character and 
ability, who have been prepared for the task by study, not 
by procreation. The fully developed co-operative house will 
have ‘“‘créches,” playrooms and open-air playgrounds and 
gymnasiums on the roof, presided over by skilled nurses and 
teachers. 


78 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


ft 
! 
1 


Separating bad seeds and impurities 


— HE Paris Seed Testing Station, which was 

R “8 first established in a small laboratory of 
the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers and 
moved a little later to equally cramped 
quarters in the Agronomic Institute, has 
for the last few months enjoyed an inde- 
pendence well earned by its useful work. 
Since its installation in the Rue Cervantes, moreover, the 
station has acquired a special importance, for it has been 
charged with the task of testing grain and seeds, and analyz- 
ing all specimens of concentrated fodder, including oil cake, 
bran cake and provender (a compound mixture of grain and 
chopped fodder), which has been seized by inspectors 
throughout French territory under the adulteration law of 
1905. 

Although the preponderating influence of the seed on the 
crop is universally admitted, very little has been done in the 
way of testing the purity and quality of seeds. In France 
there are thirty agricultural stations for testing fertilizers, 
but only two for testing seeds. In the new establishment 
the plant is studied from the economic rather than the scien- 
tific point of view. The seeds are subjected to a series of 
tests for the purpose of determining the species, variety, 
purity, germinating power, freedom from dodder in the 
case of clover, lu- 
cerne, flax and grass 
seeds, freedom from 
pumpernel in_ the 
case of. sainfoin, 
etc. 

In the first place, 
the species are de- 
termined by special- 
ists from the ap- 
pearance of the 
seeds to the naked 
eye and by the ex- 
amination of thin 
sections with the mi- 
croscope. The va- 
riety, as a rule, can 
be determined only 
byenat culture “test: 
The place of origin 
of the specimens is 
also noted, for few 


Forcing chambers for the germination of seeds 


February, 1909 


The New Seed Testing 


Station in Paris 


Bind 


By Jacques Boyer 


plants thrive in a climate very different from that of their 
native land. For example, when winter retch seed raised in 
the south of France is sown in the northern districts the 
young plants are almost always killed by the cold of winter, 
and American clovers, often sold as French clovers, being 
natives of hot and dry regions, are frequently killed by severe 
winters or by fungous diseases. Dodder seed is detected in 
clover and lucerne seed by a process of sifting. About ten 
ounces of the suspected seed are passed through hand sieves, 
or through a machine containing four superposed sieves 
mounted on a can, to which an oscillating motion is given by 
a hot-air or water moter. The meshes of the four sieves, 
beginning with the uppermost, measure respectively eight, 
six, five and four hundredths of an inch. The first sieve 
retains the coarse impurities, the second the clover or lucerne 
seed, the third and fourth the large and small dodder seed, 
while the fine impurities fall through to the bottom of the 
apparatus. 

The degree of impurity is given by the percentage of the 
original mass that collects on the third and fourth sieves and 
the bottom. If the seed contains no dodder and has not been 
sifted, it is examined by women who, with the aid of horn 
spatulas and magnifying glasses, separate the good seed from 
the bad seed and the impurities. The examiners also sepa- 
rate the impurities 
into distinct heaps 
of vegetable and 
animal parasites, 
weed seeds and 
other inert or injuri- 
ous substances. If 
it is found impos- 
sible to detect by 
this method the 
seeds which contain 
no embryos, or are 


of germination, the 
doubtful seeds are 
examined by trans- 
mitted light in a 
dark chamber con- 
structed for this 
purpose. The per- 
centage of good 
seed and of impuri- 


otherwise incapable . 


February, 1909 


ties of various sorts are 
obtained by weighing with 
delicate balances. 

For the germination test 
three hundred or more 
seeds are sown, by hun- 
dreds, in seed beds which 
are then placed in a forc- 
ing chamber. For most 
species the seed beds are 
merely sheets of filter pa- 
per, folded once and kept 
moist. 

Beet seeds are usually 
sown in platters filled with 
fine sand and _ watered 
once, at the beginning of 
the experiment. One hun- 
dred small holes are made 
in the sand of each platter 
by pressing on it a wooden 
disk studded with one hun- 
dred wire nails, and the 
seed is dropped into each 
hole. Before the platters 
are placed in the forcing 
chambers they are covered 
with panes of glass or 


‘acciseciosacaiememmoreconceicne, 
wate Creer es ca 


$e es eee 


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sheets of paper in order to reduce evaporation to a minimum. 
The forcing chambers, which were designed by Schribaux, 
the director of the station, are of several types. All, however, 
resemble cupboards closed by glass doors, are heated with 
gas, and provided with separate temperature regulators. Each 
chamber contains either a dozen trays which slide in grooves 


Germinating chamber for beet seed 


Preparing seed beds in platters and examining seedlings 


and carry the seed filter papers, or a dozen 
frames made of rods, on which the beet seed 
platters are placed. A clock, consisting of 
a cylinder, which makes one revolution every 
twenty-four hours, automatically opens and 
shuts the gas cocks at certain hours, inde- 
pendently of their control by the regulators. 
An exact record of the temperature is made 
by a registering thermometer. It has been 
found necessary to keep the temperature at 
68 degrees Fahrenheit during eighteen 
hours, and at 821% degrees Fahrenheit dur- 
ing the succeeding six hours, in order to 
imitate successfully the difference between 
night and day temperatures in the open air. 
If this precaution is not taken, the seeds of 
certain species which must be sown on the 


lished rapidly and in a normal manner. 
bulletins of the testing station give the weight of one thou- 
sand good seeds of the specimen examined and their “germi- 
native power,” 
have appeared within a certain number of days. The “purity” 
is the ratio between the number of good seeds and the whole 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 79 


surface because of their 
smallness, and which con- 
sequently are subjected to 
sudden diurnal changes of 
temperature, will sprout in 
an abnormal manner in the 
forcing chamber, although 
they may be in perfect con- 
dition. 

The time occupied in 
the process of germination 
varies in different species, 
as is strikingly illustrated 
by the group of seedlings 
of various sorts shown in 
one of the photographs. 
Perfect germination is the 
first requisite of good 
seeds, but they must also 
produce vigorous plants. 
Experience has proved 
that the vigor of the seed- 
ling depends, in the first 
place, on the weight of the 
individual seed, and, in the 
second place, on the course 
of the germinative process, 
which should be accomp- 
Consequently the 


represented by the number of sprouts that 


number of seeds, and the “cultural value’”’ is 
the product of the purity multiplied by the 
germinative power. The cultural value, in 
short, expresses the percentage of seeds freed 
from impurities that germinate within a rea- 
sonable time. All this information is en- 
tered upon bulletins which are sent to the 
officials charged with the suppression of 
frauds, or to the private persons who have 
submitted the seeds for examination. 

The sale of adulterated and worthless 
seed has hitherto been conducted openly in 
France. ‘The station is also carrying on in- 
teresting experiments in other lines, seeking 
among new varieties of plants those which 
are most worthy of cultivation and best 
adapted to the needs of the farmer. 


A collection of seedlings, at various intervals alter sowing 


|—Rye, seven days 


2— Clover, eight days 
4—DMaise, five days 


3—Ray grass, eight days 
5—Beets, eight days 


80 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


~~ CORRESPONDENCE # 


February, 1909 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘‘ Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic” 
A TABLE FOR A LIBRARY 
a THERE any kind of a table that I could use in my library 


that would look a little more unusual and interesting than 

the ordinary oblong table? I have a writing desk against 

the wall, so I do not need a table with drawers. I notice 

in your correspondence department that you speak of a ‘gate-leg’ 
table. What does this look like? Is it suitable for my room? 

siCx Wi -Ohion 

There are various styles of the gate-leg table, which dates back to 

the middle of the seventeenth century. The one illustrated has a 

simply turned leg with a leaf on either side that drops down when the 


A gate-leg table 


leg is turned back. It was a table of this kind that was made famous 
by having the Declaration of Independence signed on it. In Eng- 
land, where the table originated, it is often used for a breakfast 
table. It is available for a good many purposes and places as it can 
be adjusted to three different sizes. 


COLOR COMBINATION FOR A WESTERN HOME 


An Oregon homemaker, H. R. H., writes: “I am building a 
house that is Colonial in design. I am particularly anxious to have 
the interior colors on the first floor harmonious. The dining-room has 
a low wainscot, no plate rail, a long plant window on the south 
side and mahogany furniture of Chippendale pattern. What finish 
would you have on the woodwork? What wall covering? Also, 
what kind of curtains and rug? I am undecided, too, about the 
wall covering for the hall. I had thought of red, but I really prefer 
to use browns and blues on the first floor. I do not know how 
to combine these colors. The living-room is to have mahogany 


(Continued on Page x) 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


PLANTING A CEMETERY LOT 


sk: regulations of cemetery associations vary so greatly 
that it is hard to advise A. D. P. about the planting of the 
lot mentioned. 

Some cemeteries restrict lot owners to one stone, of a de- 
sign to be approved by the association, and do not allow any curbs, 
railings or fences, but mark the corners of the lot with granite blocks 
at their own expense. 

In one cemetery that I know of, planting of any kind is forbidden, 
as are mounds over the graves, and the lots are to be cared for by 
the association forever. 

Other large cemeteries, like Greenwood, make arrangements for 
perpetual care of the lots, but as the payment for perpetual care is 
not required, one lot may be kept in beautiful order while those 
on each side may have no care whatever, spoiling the good effect of 
the neat lot. 

One of the nicest lots I have seen has plain granite posts with 
a chain hung between to mark the lot. There is one simple monu- 
ment and the graves are marked by headstones. 

Climbing roses grow on the posts and are trained along the chains. 
One grave is planted with candytuft, [beris tenoreana, a charming 
evergreen perennial herb which has an abundance of white flowers in 
the spring. 

Another grave is planted with English Ivy, a third has the beau- 
tiful Daphne (D. cneorum), which bears delicate sweet scented pink 
flowers in May and September. 

In one corner of the lot is a holly tree twelve feet high, and not 
far away there are several fine white oaks. 

Nothing nicer or more suitable could be imagined, and the lot 
always looks well. Even in the dead of winter the graves are green 
and cheerful and no planting could be more permanent or easier 
to care for. 

Geraniums and such soft annuals are always a mistake, because the 
first frost destroys them and the lot looks like distress until the 
planting can be done over again in the spring. 

A lot which I have just planted is unusual, but rather pleasing. 
Along the road, which goes downhill slightly from the corner, there 
is a marble retaining wall, built so that the lot could be graded 
level, and so that a sloping bank covered with grass would be un- 
necessary. “The wall is, at its highest point, not more than two and a 
half feet high. At the bottom are planted ivy and euonymus (EF. 
radicans), at the top the evergreen andromeda (Pieris floribunda), 
which is now low, but will grow to three feet, making a hedge 
which will be neat and orderly, but not rigid. It will not have to 
be clipped. 

There is an easy flight of steps from the road to the lot, and at 
the top and bottom the steps end in a wide platform. On either side 
of the steps there is a Japanese yew tree. 

The back of the lot is thickly planted with rhododendrons, which 
soften the sharp corners and hide all but the tops of the monuments 
on the adjoining lots. ‘These rhododendrons are tall at the back 
(specimens of R. maximum six feet high), but in front where the 
named hybrids are planted they are low, their branches touching 
the grass. 

They make a good background and are charming when in bloom. 
Two or three dogwoods (C. florida) are planted among them and 
add not a little to the effect throughout the year. 

There are several good oak trees on the lot and a fair hemlock, 
besides two old dogwoods. 

At the narrow end of the lot there is an old boulder, cracked 
apart, and in this crack we have put soil and planted white moss 


(Continued on Page xit) 


February, 1909 Ae eweeAON TOMES AND GARDENS Ix 


JOSHPH P. McHUGH & COMPANY | 
OF NEW YORK: ESTABLISHED 1878: 
Will ship on receipt of $5.00 

(Money Order or N. Y. Draft) 


THH BAR HARBOR CHAIR, 


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THR PORTFOLIO OF 1000 SKETCHES, N 
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Young plants $1.00 to readers of this magazine only ; 
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Send for free copies of Rawson s Garden Manual for 1909 
and Special Dalia Catalogue 


W. W. RAWSON @® CO. 


SEEDSMEN BOSTON, MASS. 


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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


GRAPERIES—AQUATIC HOUSES 


Grapes from May till Christmas is what one of our graperies will make possible. Grapes 
in bunches weighing 8 to 10 pounds. 

Aquatic pools with their surroundings of luxurious growths are always interesting—water 
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But we make every conceivable kind of house for growing anything under glass. 

Send for our circular showing some of the numerous houses we have erected. 


HITCHINGS & COMPANY 


1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 


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1908 


494 Pages, 1,100 Illustrations. Price, $5.00 


AMERICAN covers a wide scope; it deals with house 
HOMES @ GARDENS building from the design and construction 

of modest cottages on tiny lots to the 
building of mansions on large estates. All degrees of gardening, from laying 
out a landscape to the planting of a window-box, are dealt with. Practical 
questions of water supply, of sanitation, or of the arrangement of the kitchen 
receive equal treatment with draping of windows or the arrangement of old china. 


AMERICAN is beautifully printed. “The year’s 
HOMES @ GARDENS volume contains more than a thousand 


engravings, as full of detail and finish as 
actual photographs. They depict some of the old and historic mansions of 
America, and the most beautiful of gardens or of natural scenery. The 
following list of a few of the principal practical articles which appeared in 
American Homes and Gardens during 1908 will show the wide choice of subjects: 


Notable American Homes (12 descriptive ar- 
ticles); The Rose as aSummer Bedder; Private 
Automobile Garages; Leaded Glass Windows; 
Etching on Copper and Brass; Problems in 
House Furnishing (12 papers); Garden Work 
about the Home (12 papers); Indoor Bulb Cul- 
ture; Farming Experiment of a Woman; Rugs 
from the Scrap Bag; Water Parks; Old Time 
Lights; Latches and Knockers; The Sun Room; 
Japanese Gardens in America; Sun Dials; Heat- 
ing and Lighting with Alcohol; Spring Houses 
Old and New; Planning a Country Home; The 
House Roof and its Garden; The Plant and the 
Season; Garden Streams and Bridges; Stencil 
Work in Home Decoration; Bungalows (12 
articles); Scientific Poultry Breeding. 


HOMES ~AND 
I GARDENS -} 


A limited number of volumes for 1907 are available. 480 pages. 1,050 
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February, 1909 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING 
(Continued from page 80) 


woodwork, and the fireplace design is still un- 
decided. Would you say tiling and a wooden 
mantel, or brick to the ceiling? I want the 
appearance and fittings of this room to be ser- 
viceable and artistic. “The room is eighteen 
feet by twenty-eight.” 

As the hall, living-room and dining-room 
open into each other, it is really imperative 
to plan the wall colors as a complete scheme, 
instead of trying to make each room independ- 
ently attractive. Fortunately, this point is 
recognized in time to prevent mistakes. For 
the hall a deep-toned buff paper printed in 
stripes three inches wide would give an in- 
terior effect of sunniness. The stairs may be 
carpeted with a brown-and-dark-blue carpet, 
and rugs made of the same material used for 
the hallways of the first and second floors. As 
there are probably leaded glass side lights on 
either side of the door, a fine net in ecru color 
may be shirred across them. The woodwork 
of the hall and dining-room may be painted a 
cream-white, rubbed to an egg-shell finish. 
The space above the low wainscot (in the 
dining-room) may be fitted with a woven 
tapestry in panels. Or, large panels of wall 
paper, each depicting a complete scene, may 
be pasted against the wall. If these ideas 
prove too expensive to carry out, an ordinary 
tapestry paper in foliage pattern, in which 
some buff color is introduced, may be an alter- 
native. ‘The Forests of Fontainebleau” is 
a good selection. Across the window glass an 
imitation filet net by the yard, finished with a 
narrow lace edge, may be hung, with over- 
curtains of brown silk. The latter may be 
hung in. straight lengths, one at each side of 
the window. A suitable rug for this room 
would be a French Wilton in tones of old 
mahogany, brown and dull blue. 

As the living-room departs from the Colo- 
nial traditions in its wood finish the fireplace 
may be carried out on modern lines, using 
square, Grueby tiles, across which a picture is 
painted. ‘The supports of the mantel and its 
framework should accord with the architec- 
tural lines of the room. Selecting these tiles 
with a mixture of blue, green and buff will 
introduce a two-toned buff paper on the walls, 
and also suggest rugs in which blues and 
greens appear. If there is a beamed ceiling, 
the open spaces may be filled with a gold 
Japanese leather paper in burlap effect. “The 
new English muslin in ecru color, costing 
about sixty cents a yard, will suit the windows 
of this room. Over-curtains for the winter 
may be of golden-brown wool damask, 
trimmed with antique gold braid. ‘The fur- 
niture coverings may be of green or blue wool 
tapestries in small, set figures. If there is a 
davenport sofa, its covering may be a blue 
velour woven with a gold thread. 

For information about buying pictures and 
picture frames this correspondent is referred 
to the November and August (1908) Cor- 
respondence Department of this magazine. 


A FLOOR PROBLEM 


E. S. J., of New Jersey, asks about the best 
way to cover the floor of an irregular-shaped 
room.- “The fireplace,” she writes, “occupies 
one corner and a large corner cabinet is oppo- 
site. In the front is a row of windows almost 
like a bay. I prefer to use rugs throughout 
my entire house, as it does away with the 
annual upsetting of cleaning house. ‘The 


domestic rugs in the regular widths do not fit. 


this room, and the Oriental rugs in large sizes 
that are suitable are too expensive. What do 
you think of my distributing small Oriental 
rugs in this room?” 

A room shaped unevenly really looks better 
covered with a small-patterned carpet laid 


a 


February, 1909 


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The above title has been given to a beautiful book of 168 pages, published by the 
Atlas Portland Cement Company, and sent Free to prospective builders. It contains 
photographs and floor plans of over 150 concrete houses, ranging in price from $2,000 


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INES.—We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking 
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FRUITS._we can supply from our collection of trained and ordinary 
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ENGLISH Pot-GROWN GRAPE VINES —We have an especially 


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SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 


Connections, sizes and all working data for all 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 

Traps — Venting 

Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 

House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 

Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 

Rain Leaders 

Sub-soil Drainage 

Floor Connections 

Roof Connections 

Local Venting 

Bath Room Connections [ete. 

Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 

Use of Flushing Valves 

Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 

Durham System 

Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 

Automatic Sewage Lift —Sump Tank 

Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
High Buildings 

Country Plumbing 

Cesspools 

The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 

Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 

Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 

Examples of Poor Practice 

Roughing — Testing 

Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 

Circuit and Loop Venting 

Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 

Cellar Work 

House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 

Plumbing for Cottage House 

Plumbing for Residence 

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Plumbing for Apartment Houses 

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Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 

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Plumbing for School Houses, ete. [by Electricity 

Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 


oo Practical Steam and === | 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


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Containing 304 Illustrations 


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CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. Il. Heat. i 
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lll. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 
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XVI. Greenhouse Heating. 


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Valuable Data and Tables Used fer Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 


February, 1909 


without a border. As a rug, however, is pre- 
ferred to a carpet, the second choice would be 
to make a rug of carpet, shaping it to fit the 
spaces and finishing it with a narrow border. 
An even margin of a foot and a half could, 
by this method, be left around the edges of the 
floor. Some of the Wilton carpets are excel- 
lent for this purpose. To keep a carpet rug 
from slipping a cheesecloth pad to lay under 
the rug isa help. ‘This pad is inexpensive and 
may be- made any size and shape. 


GRAINED OAK WOODWORK 


“Do you think my room very jarring with 
the woodwork a combination of imitation oak 
and white paint?’ asks a Pennsylvania 
reader, H. A. C. “The walls are painted in 
gray, the ceiling an ivory white. The window 
casings and door frames are white, and the 
door panels below are grained oak. A friend 
who is visiting me says this mixture on the 
woodwork is in bad taste, and urges me to 
write to your department to settle the matter.” 

A generation ago, before much attention 
was paid in this country to artistic principles 
in house decoration, the imitation oak was 
popular, and was often combined with white 
paint. Now it is considered in better taste 
to have all of the woodwork treated alike with 
the exception, perhaps, of the doors. If the 
gray wall is to remain, the general appearance 
of the room would be improved by adding 
chintz or taffeta curtains at the windows. 


A UNIQUE HALL LIGHT 


Some kind of light for a hall that will be 
interesting and unusual is inquired for by a 
Brooklyn correspondent, G. E. 

If electricity is the medium for lighting, 
there is quite a variety to draw from for a 
hall light. One of the quaintest of these is a 
bronze Japanese lantern, round in shape, with 
a dragon pierced through the metal. By lin- 
ing the lantern with colored paper it becomes 
a part of the color decoration of the hall 
at night. With gas, it is more difficult to 
carry out the wishes of this correspondent, and 
a conventional shape will probably have to be 
used. 


GARDEN WORK ABOUT THE HOME 


(Continued from page 80) 


pink (Phlox subulata), a rose grows over it 
from the back and in front there are two good 
Japanese andromedas, evergreen and similar 
to that used for the hedge. 

Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) has been used 
also and its pink flowers blend prettily with 
the Dorothy Perkins Rose on the boulder. 

Hall’s magnolia should be there for the 
sake of its white stars in early spring and its 
foliage, which harmonizes with the rhododen- 
drons. 

The graves have simple headstones of mar- 
ble with a marble curb four inches high sur- 
rounding the grave itself.’ In the inclosures 
so made are planted Daphne, Iberis, Phlox 
subulata and ivy, one kind in each grave. 
Near the headstones there is a small group, of 
Poet’s narcissus. 

All the plants used are long lived, but grow 
slowly and will scarcely ever outgrow the 
limits of the lot. With ordinary care they 
should outlive the oldest member of the gen- 
eration now beginning. ‘The necessary mini- 
mum care will, of course, include the 
removal of the rhododendron maximum, and 
the shifting back of the named varieties, as 
they grow taller and need more room. 

The thing to avoid in planting a cemetery 
lot is temporary planting, like the annuals or 
other tender plants which need constant re- 
newal or the quick growing things which will 
soon make an ugly wilderness of any lot. For 


{ 


February, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


xii 


this reason the retinosporas and most other 
conifers should not be used. They are charm- 
ing when young and small, but ten years of 
neglect will make a great change, leaving 
them perhaps tall, scraggy and unlovely. The 
red cedar possibly is the only evergreen tree 
which should be used except the yew. 

The small things like Juniperus communis 
I should be afraid of, though I once saw, in a 
cemetery in Concord, a juniper growing above 
a vault in the hillside and bending down in the 
most picturesque way—lI imagined it was ad- 
ventitious! 

It is nice to think of a rose bush growing 
over one’s grave, but I should not like to have 
mine marked by a leggy golden Arbor vitae. 


A GARDEN OF SWEET ODORS 


“Cephalanthus.’—Your idea for a garden 
“of sweet odors can easily be accomplished. It 
would be better to make it a wild garden, 
rather than a formal one, as the plants with 
fragrant leaves seldom have showy blossoms, 
and they vary so greatly in size and in their 
requirements that they would not be easy to 
grow together in an ordinary garden. A wild 
garden, too, will give you room for shrubs 
and large trees. 

The rocky ledge which you describe, rising 
from the still waters of the brook as it flows 
through the meadow, will be an excellent 
place. There you can plant the red cedar 
whose richest fragrance is buried in its crim- 
son heart; the gum tree whose viscid young 
leaves, when gently brushed, give an aroma 
like incense, and the spice bush which gives 
the most delightful odor of our woods. 

All the odors of the woods are a keen de- 
light to some people, even the skunk cabbage 
has charm in early spring, but perhaps you will 
not care to plant trees for the sake of their 
odors, when they are so delicate and so little 
like perfumes as are those of the wild cherry, 
birch, hickory, pines, spruces, balsams, etc. 

Scented leaves when green must not be 
crushed, which brings out a raw vegetable 
odor, but gently pressed and warmed in the 
hand. Nor should the mint which is used in 
drinks be bruised, but simply placed on top 
of the cracked ice. 

Spikenard is a handsome plant which grows 
well in light shade. Its leaves have a peculiar 
aroma, not unpleasant when one has tried it 
a few times. 

Southernwood, with feathery gray foliage, 
does well in dry places, and should be near 
its relative, wormwood, which has a similar 
fragrance and bitter leaves that are pleasant to 
taste. 

Mints should be grown in variety from the 
humble catnip to the peppermint and penny- 
royal. They all keep their fragrance when 
dried and may be enjoyed in winter as well 
as in summer. Horsemint is tall and usually 
stands well above the snows and is, therefore, 
associated in my mind with walks in winter 
fields. 

Lavender, rosemary, bergamot, horehound, 
and basil are real perfumes, the latter the 
sweetest of them all, in fact and in imagina- 
tion; while fennel, tansy, feverfew and yarrow 
are just odors, delightfully pungent and wild, 
but not ravishing. 

Thyme and sage being condiments are half 
perfumes, half odors, while tarragon is delight- 
ful enough to be either. 

The sweetflag will grow in any low ground 
or at the edge of a brook. Both leaves and 
root have a sweet fragrance. The root may 
be candied and eaten, but it is too hot for most 
people. 

There is a thyme which has the same flavor 
as the “lemon verbena,’ with the additional 
virtue of being perfectly hardy. It is a good 
rock plant. 


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xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


February, 1909 


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Sweetbriar roses must of course be planted 
for the sake of the fragrant gummy tips of 
their new shoots. ; 

Woodruff, which is the flavoring for May 
wine, is easily grown. 

The bayberry and sweetfern must not be 
neglected, and it is likely that you will plant 
box for its aromatic suggestion of old gardens, 
and chrysanthemums for the leaves. 

Wintergreen is not hard to grow and will 
carpet the ground under the trees. 

Such a garden as this would be excellent for 
the blind who are restricted to the duller and 
less developed senses for their knowledge of 
the world and for their pleasures. It would 
be quite possible to arrange a park for the 
blind so that they could find their way un- 
aided by their sense of smell alone. 

The tactile pleasures to be derived from 
plants we may have occasion ro speak of later. 


PLANTING ON THE SHADY SIDE 
OF A HOUSE 


“Can you suggest an assortment of shrubs 
or other hardy plants that will require little 
direct sunlight?” writes J. C. F. “I want to 
plant them on the east side of my house where 
they will also be shaded by large trees. 
Euonymus is planted next the foundations 
now, and I want to fill the space between 
that and the path, which is about six feet from 
the house.” 

The place seems adapted for rhododendrons 
and kalmias, which would certainly be the 
nicest things to have there. They will not 
bloom much in dense shade, but they will 
grow and keep green throughout the year. I 
suppose the euonymus is E. radicans, which 
will grow on the house. 

If you care to use a deciduous shrub, In- 
dian currant, Symphoricarpus racemosus, 
would be excellent. 

Ferns, Solomon’s seal and herbaceous plants 
of that sort could be used, but I think shrubs 
will be better. 

“Also I should like a vine requiring little 
sunlight that could be trained over two small 
windows.” Clematis jackmanni will grow 
nicely in such a place. 

“Suggestions for the heart-shaped plot of 
ground surrounded by the carriage turn in 
front of the house would also be gratefully 
received. There are about a dozen and a half 
shrubs now in it, which are partially shaded by 
maple trees and have not grown well.” 

These shrubs, as the photograph shows, are 
planted in the turf, each in a separate [ittle. 
hole, instead of being all in one bed as I pre- 
fer to have them, and consequently they look 
thin and spotty. I should bring them together 
or else thicken the mass with a shade enduring 
shrub such as syringa (Philadelphus), wych 
hazel or some of the viburnums. 

The poor growth of the shrubs which are 
there now may be due as much to the maple 
trees robbing the soil as it is to shade. Maples 
are shallow rooted trees and it is always hard 
to make anything grow under them. 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 


(Continued from page vii) 


homestead shapes itself and the preliminary 
work has settled down. 

But whatever else you do with flowers, you 
must surely establish a shrubbery. This ought 
to be an odd piece of ground, never in front 
of the house, nor conspicuous, but somewhere 
on a slope or in a swale, where you can go for 
a quiet hour and forget work altogether. You 
can make a shrubbery out of wild native plants 
and get a very good one in that way, for there 
is not a section of the country that does not 
afford a dozen ideal bushes, but not always 
appreciated. To my own shrubbery I add 
small-growing trees with conspicuous flowers, 


February, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv 


such as Magnolia conspicua, some of the finest 
wild cherries, the hybrid catalpas and the cork- 
barked maple. This adds to the shade, and if 
judiciously planted will not disturb the shrubs. 
Think this matter over carefully and you will 
find somewhere just the place that we are 
talking about. The shrubs that I should 
recommend to start with, and for succession 
of bloom, are (1) Judas tree. This is the 
earliest shrub to blossom, that is at the same 
time hardy, and it stays in bloom for three 
full weeks. It is a mass of lilac-colored flow- 
ers, without a leaf. Then follows a charming 
display of golden foliage. On the whole, this 
is one of the finest shrubs in existence, growing 
eight or ten feet high, or trained as a tree to 
fifteen feet. (2) The spireas begin very early 
in the season, while later varieties do not blos- 
som until the last of July or into August. One 
of the finest of all is Spirea prunifolia, fol- 
lowed by the superb Van Houttei. These 
should be planted very freely, but not in 
chunks, as they frequently are. (3) Lilacs 
constitute the most popular shrubs in exist- 
ence, and they deserve all the praise and love 
they get. You can get a dozen of the new 
French varieties, single and double, and of all 
shades of red, white and purple, at a very low 
figure, or can content yourself with the old- 
fashioned lilac and the white variety, which 
like to make a small tree; they are good 
enough, and the purple sort has never been 
beaten. (4) Tartarian honeysuckle should 
make number four, and multiplied as fast as 
possible. Nothing else makes as good a hedge 
for blossoming. This bush stands from five 
to ten feet high, and you can trim it as sharply 
as you please. (5) The old-fashioned snow- 
ball should come next, only it must stand out 
in the full sunshine or it will become a pest 
with the plant louse; and with it should be 
planted its cousin, highbush cranberry—a 
viburnum that is loaded all the autumn with 
yellow fruit, which turns red for winter, and 
feeds no end of cedar birds and pine gros- 
beaks. It is a great thing to have growing by 
your fences and in corners. (6) Plant wei- 
gelias in two or three of the hardiest varieties 
—especially rosea. This shrub may cause you 
some trouble, because it has to be trimmed 
every year, but the plant is gorgeous while in 
flower. (7) Mock oranges you must have. 
You can find the old-fashioned sorts among 
your neighbors, and these are good enough for 
anybody; but you will do better if you plant 
some of the late flowering sorts—then have 
seeds and grow new sorts yourself. People do 
not know how many fine things they can get 
by this simple sort of cross-breeding. (8) Al- 
theas blossom in September and October, and 
although they are not fragrant, they are very 
beautiful, and just what we need at this time 
of the year. (9) The Hydrangea paniculata 
everybody knows for its superb heads of flow- 
ers, that run down into cold weather; but 
there is a new sort, pure white in flower, and 
beginning to blossom in June, which is better. 
You can increase your stock of both sorts 
very rapidly by cuttings, cut off close below a 
joint, and thrust into the ground either in 
spring or autumn. 

For half a dozen vines I would select to 
grow over the doorway honeysuckles; the 
scarlet trumpet and the monthly fragrant 
growing together. Grapevines are not used 
half as much as they ought to be, and they 
are grand on the walls of a house or barn, 
both for the shade they give and the added 
fruit. A Worden and a Brighton growing 
together will yield bushels of grapes in the 
place of vines that do nothing but give leaves. 
Clematis paniculata is a wonderful affair, 
with its pure white fragrant flowers, and is 
fine for trellises and arbors. Grow with it the 
purple flowering Jackmann. If your house 


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xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1909 


if you have a stone fence to cover, take the 
Boston ivy, although the Virginia creeper is 


e 
Are you uniformly heated ? ||scv ies: wisn pian in 


does not. 
I have given you my best advice concerning 
If you hang a thermometer flowers for a small beginning, and for a small 
in each of the rooms ofa house country place. I advise strenuously against 
: All.) an effort to do too much at the outset. I 
heated by old-fashioned meth- eae, SS would grow these flowers mainly, at least for 
ods, you will find no two of «li) | Call: a while, where they can be cultivated with 
i 10 BD WNT horse power, just as you cultivate your vege- 
them showing the same tem- ; ¢ 7 IN 7 tables. Work will be heavy enough at the 
perature—especially on windy Lm] SY If) Sa es best, and it is this starting in the country which 
ae: Ala) WW) F ‘ , J taxes and puzzles. So if you grow even your 
days. This is an WISSEL 9 b 7 (AYA NE ie shrubs in rows, and cultivate them with the 
S , . aN plow for a year or two, you can have more 


time to lay out your grounds wisely—that is, 
to let things grow, and you grow with them. 
Always think of a country home as a growth, 
and a place where art is as necessary as science. 


“a\ 


WERICAN «DAL ‘ 


P You want not only to cultivate your vegetables 
RADIATORS BOILERS AN well, but cultivate yourself. Every farmer 
ought to study how to lay out his grounds for 

will make the thermometers throughout the house tell the same story—a story the beautiful as well as for the useful. 


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EDITORIAL NOTE 

Don’t think that IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are solely for the We are informed by Albro & Lindeberg 
wealthy. It is true that they are used in thousands of skyscrapers, public build- that the house which figured in the January 
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But we have now simplified them so that in smaller forms they are easily, DENS was planned by them. The Editor of 


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heat this cottage. Water heat this cottage. PanOriC iat houttcanineian: ufacturers, Philadelphia, Pa. Size, 19 x 


At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. Public showrooms and warehouses 15 inches: cloth: illustrated. Price, 
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the frost of Winter and Heat of Summer. The air space in walls of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile furnishes 
complete insulation against atmospheric conditions, thereby reducing the cost of heating to a minimum, 
and buildings of this material compared with brick, frame, stone, concrete or a combination of all four are 


WARMER IN WINTER— COOLER IN SUMMER 


Houses with walls of brick, stone, concrete or frame, must be ‘‘furred” or lined with wood to be 
plastered, and they carry sound vibrations and are subject to the penetration and ravages of vermin. 
Terra Cotta Hollow Tile Houses require no furring, the plastering being applied direct to the Hollow Tile, 
and they are 


Combines beauty 
with the highest 
quality, art 
with durabil- 
ity. A com- 
plete line 


Moisture Proof — Sound Proof —Vermin Proof 


When it is considered that a residence with all these advantages and completely Fireproof can be 
built at as low cost as one of brick, brick-and-wood, stone-and-wood, concrete, or frame, is it not worth 
while to talk with your architect about this modern construction? ps: 

All competent architects are familiar with methods of designing and building houses of Terra Cotta 
Hollow Tile. A copy of our book showing how houses are constructed of Fireproof Terra Cotta Hollow 
Tile will be sent upon request. 


Shows over seven= 
ty beautiful designs 
and is a guide to the 
selection of hardware. 
Free on request, also, 
oar Colonial Book, in 
which we illustrate Cut 
Glass Knobs, Front Door 


National Fire Proofing Company 


Manufacturers of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile 


Contractors for Construction of Fireproof Buildings. The largest 
Company in the world devoted exclusively to the business of fire- 
proof construction. Capital—Twelve and one-half Million Dollars. 


Handles, Door Knockers,and Pittsburgh, Fulton Bldg. Chicago, Com’! National Bank Bldg. 
Other fittings particularly ap- Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg. New York, Flatiron Bldg. 
propriate for colonial houses. Washington, D- C , Colorado Bldg. Minneapolis, Lumber Exchange 
Boston. Old South Bldg. Cleveland, Cuyahoga Bldg. 
Sargent & Co., Cincinnati, Union Trust Bldg. Los Angeles, Union Trust Bldg. 
156 Le ds St. Louis, Victoria Bldg Toronto, Can., Traders Bank Bldg. 
6 onard St., % San Francisco, Monadnock Bldg, London, Eng., 27 Chancery Lane 


New York. 26 Factories throughout the United States. 


are the best made, best grade and easiest 
riding buggies on earth for the money. 


For Thirty-Six Years 


we have been selling direct and are 


The Largest Manufacturers 
in the World 


We Ship for Examination 
and Approval 
guaranteeing safe delivery, and also to save 


you money. If you are not satisfied as to 
style, quality and price you are nothing out. 


May We Send You Our Large 
Catalogue? 

Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg.Co. 

Elkhart, Indiana 


Rett E Seyfarth Archttec: Home of H C. Dickinson 
Corn Exchange Ban’ Bldg Chicags Englewood, Chicago 


An artistic fence around your grounds counts as 
much as ar appropriate frame around a fine picture. 
Stewart’s Iron Fenceand Entrance Gates are artis- 
tic, practically permanent and are specified by leading 
architects. “There are hundreds of designs tochoose 


from—elaborate ones and many of small cost as well. 
_ State work desired, styleof house, etc, Our agencies 
in all principal cities willsubmit designs and estimates. 
Where not represented we gladly send designs or pho- 
tographs, take measurements and erect. Satisfaction 
guaranteed, Writefor booklet. Address 


. ; THE 
MGA Stewart Iron Works Co. 
@) JRO 1726 Covington Street 


Cincinnati, 0. 
The largest makers of iron fence in the world. 


The expense and annoyance of painting will not recur every year 
or two if you use 


DIXON’S SILICA-GRAPHITE PAINT 


the ‘‘ Proven Shield for Steel Work.’’ Durability records in ell 
climates; write for a few. 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., 


JERSEY CITY, N. J. 


g 
Ww 


(ely ees ae 


The Pierce Arrow is made this year in more styles than ever 
before, but every Pierce car is built on the chassis which has 
made the Pierce a synonym for the service sought by every 
automobile owner but obtained by only a few. The 1909 Pierce 
models include Runabouts, Touring Cars, Broughams, Suburbans, 
Landaus, and Landaulettes, 24 to 60 H. P., 4 and 6 Cylinder. 


The GEORGE N. PIERCE COMPANY, ("aitcmsbite'Sianiacturers) BUFFALO, N. Y. 


/ He.» ’ 
ee — 


TOMES « GARDENS 


ee artnet 4 


MUU@int alelele 


MUNN E COMPANY PUBLISHERS 


Vol.6,N23 


Why do the planting 

around your house on a 

one-year plan? It costs 

only a little more to 

have plants and shrubs 

that will fulfil their pur- 

pose year after year. 

Hardy shrubs are permanent, 

and yet they give quick results 

if vigorous specimens are 

planted. Even though a shack good enough 

Coicuhee ae ts for a season’s use could be had for only 

ragged in early spring one-tenth as much as the cost of a well- 
built and completely finished modern dwelling. 


You Wouldn’t Build a 
New House Every Year 


By working to a definite purpose in laying out grounds, shrubs for 
permanent results will cost little if any more than annuals. In the 
one case the first cost is all, in the other the expense becomes a yearly 
one. The hardy and permanent plants afford immensely more pleas- 
ure, first and last, than can be expected of annuals, however beauti- 
ful for a season. Our new book, ‘‘ Flowering Trees and 
Shrubs,”’ tells about the best and which to use for your 
purposes. It has many fine pictures showing the pleasing 
effects afforded by shrubs. Biltmore Nursery has a com- 
plete stock of this class of trees and shrubs, which are ‘ 
offered at reasonable prices The most beautiful garden is : 
ey have unusual hardi- ° ° ° | 

Beep antlee ees becanieuthe® ee incomplete without a Sun Dial 

| have been well grown. This : 1 op ; 
handsome book describes ale He P Se Our Booklet, ‘Where Sun Dials are Made,” containing illustrations of 
and illustrates the Biltmore ser oe Page i. horizontal dials, pedestals and wall dials, sent gratis upon request. We 
offerings of trees ear ( = Pe A have superior facilities for executing distinctive designs. Correspond- 
and shrubs in a S sip OZ af A t ence invited. 
helpful, attractive x t 
manner. Write 
for a copy—free. 


Bin Ore 
é reeeeaee, ee: “s 3 yah; Me | Branches in New York, St. Paul, 105 E 2 d S N k 
Ox wegen itt EON ‘i 3 B J Minneapolis, London, Paris 0 3 t., ew Yor 

we ai 


= Our shrubs please even be- 
Biltmore, N. Cc. Sore foliage sully develops 


\yt (Ger = 


Americans are now building more beautiful houses and 
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care 
and in better taste than ever before. 


The most potent single influence working for higher 
standards in architecture and decoration is 


The Architectural Record 


@ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, 
you will be interested in The Architectural Record. 


Send for a Sample Copy— Free. 


THE ARCHITECTU RAL RECORD COMPANY 
| 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


ce reproducing the quaint light- 

ing effects of the Orient we 
know of none more beautiful than 
the Japanese Jantern, in its soft 


harmonious colorings. 


S with these so with other light- 

ing fixtures in Period, the 

3 i ‘ ENOS conceptions notably con- 
pose bre perros ond) Tienginde of cree. ee Ey Re) wei Th form in every case with the greatest 
contriving as befits the living room, AK ‘ARE | Haid: »: ae. “sz exactitude to the style of decora- 


the dining room, the boudoir and Lo Y . 
the den. Inquire for it wherever CaanAY (omnes ; Ee & - iW, ‘ tions required. 


THE ENOS COMPANY 


send to usfor free samples. 
PACIFIC MILLS 
: BOSTON 
MAKERS OF LIGHTING FIXTURES 
Office and Factory: Salesrooms: 


7th Av.and16thSt. 5 W.39th St. 


NEW YORK 
Baltimore: 519 North Chicago: W. H. Cowan 
Charles St. & Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. 
Pittsburg: G. P. Norton "RA%/\Mana. San Francisco: 1748 
4th and Penn Sts. ws ‘ California St. 
St. Louis: N. O. Nelson Toronto: 94 King St 
Mfg. Co. West 
Gat) 
Seattle: Cox & Gleason Spokane: Cutter & 
1914 Second Ave. Plummer, Inc. 


Many Helpful Hints 


given in our booklet 


Ld 


“Furniture of Character” 


Distinctive Designs in Decorative Hardware 


When building or remodeling your house, put on hardware 
fittings of artistic worth—adopt a design that harmonizes with 
the architectural scheme and accords perfectly with wood- 
work and finishing. 

Whatever your chosen style may be, there is a 
complete line of hardware trimmings of recognized 
decorative value in 


Sargent’s 


Artistic Hardware 


These various designs—over seventy—are shown 
and described in 

Sargent’s Books of Designs—free 
This book is a guide to the selection of hardware. 


Free on request, also, our Colonial Book, in which 
we illustrate Cut Glass Knobs, Front Door Handles, 
Door Knockers and other fittings particularly ap- 
propriate for Colonial Houses. 


7e SARGENT © CO.,156Leonard St., New York 


Valuable inside facts about 

good furniture, which make it easy 
to choose wisely. ‘“Exceedingly Beautiful” illus- 
trations of some of the notable 


Berkey & Gay 


Dining Room, Bed Room and Library Furni- 
ture that possesses genuine artistic merit and the 
highest intrinsic value. 
These are merely suggestions of a story no 
advertisement can tell, but which wi'l be sent for 
16 cents in U. S. stamps to partly cover the ex- 
pense. If not acceptable, return 
booklet and stamps will be refunded. 
This furniture can be obtained at 
modest prices through furniture dealers, 
and bears the guarantee shop mark ofa 
business concern whose integrity is of 
fifty years standing. 


BERKEY & GAY FURNITURE CO. Estab. 1859 
Please Address Dept. M. Grand Rapids, Mich. 


IILILLLALMMMMMALM AAA 


.—. S17 B", 


SSIS SASS 
SIAN 


NS 


Ss 


/Z 


Sample and f J , A House Lined with 


“> Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 


W. G. ROBINSON, Architect, Grand Rapids 


SUPERIORITY 


is the keynote of success. Pure colors ground 
in England, as fine as artist colors, combined 
with preserving oils, have made 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


superior to all others. Send for sample 


boards. 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ COMPANY 
209 Broad Street, BOSTON 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St.. New York; John D.S. Potts, 
218 Race St., Philadelphia; W. W. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, 
Pa.; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids. Mich. ; 
F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane. Tacoma, Wash., and Port- 
land, Ore.; Klatt-Hirsch & Co., 113 Front St.. San Francisco, Cal. 


The lining is .vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 


out dampness, 


Correspondence Solicited. 


LONGITUDINAL SECTION, 
ee RE U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 
satis. 4 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. 


CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, 


ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


BURLINGTON “sit. BLINDS 


SCREENS 


Venetian Blind for q Equal 500 miles 
inside window and f northward. Perfect  {[f} Sliding Blinds 
outdoor veranda. . . ih A Lee for inside use. 
Any wood; any privacy wit oors A Require no 
finish to match trim. § and windows open. a pockets. Any 
' : finish. 
Darkness and breezes wood) anys 


in sleeping rooms. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.,975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


Join the Fight 


200,000 Persons were killed by the recent 
Earthquake in Italy 


200,000 Persons are killed annually by 
Tuberculosis in United States alone 


SF With the assistance and co-operation of the International Tubercu- 


losis Exhibition and the American National Red Cross Society 


+ THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 


has entered upon one of the greatest campaigns ever inaugurated to 


conquer the dread tyrant—CONSUMPTION 


+ The entire exhibition which was attended recently in New York 
by nearly one million persons will be, as far as possible, practically 


reproduced in the next few issues of the magazine. 
+ Is any member of your family afflicted? If so, JOIN THE FIGHT 


f If not, JOIN THE FIGHT anyway for your own good and for 


the good of humanity in general. 


+ Get THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE and read it fora few months. 
It will teach you how to care for yourself; how to care for others; how 
to fight the White Plague; how to save lives. Send it to those that you 


know who are suffering from this dread disease. 


+ Between 20 and 45 years one-third of all deaths are caused by 
CONSUMPTION. 


Order the TUBERCULOSIS SERIES of 


THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 


from your Dealer at once 


Join the Fight 


—<> 
+ 


= PuULVERIZED 
SHEEP MANURE 


A Beautiful tawe | N 
! Riot of Wonderful Bloom \ \ 


in the Garden \\ 
will come surely and quickly if Wizard 


| Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is used | 
| 
I 


for top-dressing and mulching in the 
Spring. One barrel equals two wagon 
loads barnyard manure. Is easy and 
cleanly to apply and brings no weed @.: 


Wy 


$ GO per barrel, freight prepaid |} 
| ===" East of Missouri River. Cash 
with order, Write for quantity prices 
and descriptive matter. 
The Pulverized Manure Co. 
No. 2! Stock Yards 
Chicago, fll. 


Special Offer 


F. W. Kolthoff & Co. have ready for im- 
mediate shipment One Thousand Dozen 
finest selected perpetual blooming Roses, 
all guaranteed, plants worth 25 cents each, 
which they are offering at 


$1.00 Per Dozen 
Delivered 


They offer their advice on landscape 
designing, backed by 79 years of experi- 
ence, to anyone taking advantage of this offer. For this 
service experts are drawing as high as $50.00 per day. We 
offer it free of charge, to our customers. 

Write for illustrated booklet of special offers for Spring 
Season 1909, also containing full description and photosmapls 
of the Catalpa Bungii—America’s most beautiful lawn tree. 

Don’t forget. One dozen finest assorted ever blooming 
Roses, sufficient for a complete Rose Bed, only $1.00 
delivered. ‘ 

Order at once as supply is limited. 

F. W. KOLTHOFF & CO., Norwood, Cincinnatti, Okio 
ESTABLISHED 1830 


Van Dorn 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE @ 
STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


WAarscorn 8 4 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


SE Warrants 
We sell all our seeds under three warrants, 
which practically cover allrisks. This is the 
reason the largest gardeners and plantersin the 
country sow 


GREGORY’S Seeds 


They takeno chances. Everyone interested in 
vegetable and flower growing should send for 
Gregory’s Seed Book—It’s FREE 

Write to-day for a copy. 
J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marseveap, Mass. 


SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters 


BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES 


IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTI- 
LATING LOCK, A Safeguard 
forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, 
Good Health and Rest Assured. 


To introduce this article, Four 

Im Ventilating Locks in Genuine 
=== |Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- 
per Finish will he mailed to 
any address prepaid for One 
Dollar. Will include a forty 
='page Hardware Catalogue and 
Working Model to carpenters 
. who wish the agency to canvass 
for its sale. Address 


- The H.B. Ives Go.cons.. ‘uss. a 


March, 1909 


“‘To have your roof last— 
Use Ruberoid Roofing first’’ 


It’s the Wear 


you get out of a roofing that proves 
its economy and its value — not the 
price you pay per roll. 

Cheap roofings are dear at any 
price. They cost ten times more 
for repairs than you could possibly 
save on their original cost— and 


they don’t last. 


YRADE MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFFICE 


ROOFING 


is the most economical roofing you 
can use because it will outlast any 
other. 
less than metal or shingles, and is 


It is moderate in price, costs 


weatherproof, waterproof and fre- 
resisting. 
It is made in 


Red, Brown, Green 
and Slate Color 


and is the only permanent roofing 
with permanent colors. 


Write for Samples and Booklet 
No. 15 


THE STANDARD PAINT 
COMPANY 


100 WILLIAM STREET 


NEW YORK 
Chicago Philadelphia 
Kansas City Memphis 
Boston Atlanta 


= . TET _—————————— 


N celebrating the Centennial of 
Lincoln, it is eminently proper 
that we let grateful remembrance 
turn also toward one who contrib- 
uted so much to the end toward 
which Lincoln was working — the 
preservation of the Union, Captain 
Ericsson has received, from his na- 
tive land and that of his adoption, 
signal honor for his invention of 
the Monitor. In fact, his maritime 
achievements have been of such 
inestimable value as to cast into 
the background another of his great masterpieces, really the invention in which he took greatest 


pride, namely the a 
Hot-Air Pump 


which to-day brings into the homes of all mankind the domestic comforts that follow an abundance 
of water easily and cheaply brought to hand. Every pump ts a monument to the immortal genius 
of John Ericsson. The cheapening of raw materials and the saving in the cost of manufacture 
accomplished within recent years, place his wonderful invention within easy reach of the man of 
moderate means, 


Be sure that the name “neeco-FRICSSON appears upon the pump you purchase. This name 


protects you against ssyusmtar. worthless imitations. When so situated that you 
cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for 
the name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 
are in use throughout the world to-day. Write for Catalogue E27, and ash for reduced price-list. 


Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. 
(Also makers of the new ‘‘Recco’’=Electric Pump) 


40) Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q. 
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W- 


ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
1809 


1803 


3§ Warren Street. New York 
239 Franklin Street, Boston 


The Ericsson 
Hot-Air Pump 


ANMIERTOAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood-Work 
Invented @ Built by 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


SS 
24-Inch Single Surface Planer 


For Garden 
and Home 


Flower Pots Sun Dials 
Jardinieres Statuary 
Benches Flower Boxes 
Fountains Ferneries 


Strength 
Durability 
and Beauty 
Artistic designs and superior workmanship, 
with carefully selected and properly burned 
clay, assure individuality in all Galloway pro- 
ductions. ‘The kind that add character to your 
house and grounds. 
Write for book ‘‘Garden and House Terra 
Cotta, ’’ illustrated with copper engravings of choice 
examples of the potter’s art. 


William Galloway?’ ritabeaa 


HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner —also_ makes brilliant illumination. IF 


MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


Better than City Gas or Elec- 
tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


Iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


Perfect Water Supply Service For 


Your Country or Suburban Home 


You can have a thoroughly efficient water service in your home—service 

equal to that offered by the best city water supply. You can have an 
abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure to the bathroom, 
kitchen, bedrooms, laundry, lawn, garden, barn—anywhere. 


This service and first class fire protection will be yours, if you install 


The Kewanee System of Water Supply 


With the Kewanee System there is no elevated or attic 
tank to leak, freeze, overflow or collapse. Instead, a 
Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is placed in the cellar, buried 
in the ground or located in a special pump house. 


The Kewanee Tank rests on solid ground where it can 
do no damage. It is protected from all extremes in 
weather, assuring a fresh, usable supply of water dur- 
ing all seasons. It is made of steel plates so that it will 
last almost indefinitely. 

Pumping the water creates air pressure in the tank; 
and then water is delivered to all fixtures and hydrants. 
40 pounds is a good average pressure in the Kewanee 
System, which is equal to the pressure from an elevated 
tank 93 feet high. 

And we furnish complete water supply Pen ere 
pumping outfit, valves, gauges, connections and all 


Kewanee Pneumatic Tanks and Kewanee Systems 
are imitated. Accept no tank as a Kewanee Tank unless 
it bears this Be sure and look for our name-plate 
trade mark. on all pumping machinery. 

By purchasing a complete Kewanee System, including 
the genuine Kewanee Pneumatic Tank and accessories 
which we recommend, you will be taking no chances— 
we guarantee that. 

Over 9,000 Kewanee Systems in successful operation, 
providing water for country and suburban homes, clubs, 
hotels, schools, apartment buildings, public and private 
institutions and towns. 

Our engineering service is free. No charge for speci- 
fications and estimates. Everything fully guaranteed— 
a guarantee that protects you. 

Write for our 64-page illustrated catalog. Please 
mention this publication and ask for catalog No. 36. 


Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, Illinois. 


1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, III. 


710 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Fulton Building, 50 Church Street, New York City. 


and Purpose.” Write for it. 


Philadelphia Office, 21 S. Twelfth Street 


Moon’s Large Evergreens will 


Anyone who has a new lawn or is going to plant Trees and Shrubbery of any 
kind, ought to have our catalogue of “‘Hardy Trees and Plants for Every Place 


THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY 


Arborlea, MORRISVILLE, PA. 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 
By E. P. Powell 


II. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN 


N THIS article I shall try to give notes 

out of my own experience in the way of 

making a vegetable garden, that will do the 
most to make a country home successful, and 
at the same time cause as little work as pos- 
sible. A newcomer from the city can not be 
expected to know very much about the dif- 
ferent sorts, where the making of a careful 
selection is all important. I think it is this 
choice of seeds which will tell the most in 
gardening, not only in the growth but in the 
satisfaction which comes from having the 
primest food for the table. “Then, again, it 
will not do to start out with egg plants and 
onions and other vegetables that need a lot of 
work. I have learned myself to let other folks 
grow my cabbages and some other things that 
do the best in large fields. 

The best policy for a beginner with garden 
seeds is to build a cheap hotbed, or at least 
have it to use as a cold frame. ‘There is not 
much trouble involved in building such a 
frame, and after it is out of heat it will serve 
as a seed bed for several years. Remove the 
sod, and pack horse manure in layers with 
compost or straw, and leave it until there is 
heat. Spread over the top fine garden soil, 
mixed if possible with sand. “This bed can be 
inclosed with thick boards or planks; and the 
glass frame to cover it should be on hinges, 
to lift it easily, or it should be arranged for 
easy sliding. In such a bed you will start 
your cabbage and tomato seeds, and in one 
end grow a little lettuce for early use. If your 
garden is not yet in good tillage, or does not 
get the morning sun, it will be well to start 
a few lima beans, squashes, cucumbers and 
melons on bits of sod inverted. ‘Transplant 
these, sod and all, when they have grown two 
or three inches, and the garden is warm en- 
ough to take them. “The plum and cherry to- 
matoes will sow themselves about your garden, 
giving you no trouble but to stake them. 

You will find after a bit that it will not pay 
you to grow all sorts of vegetables, no matter 
how large your garden may be, and how good 
the soil. Onions, for instance, require a good 
deal of weeding, and those who make a spe- 
cialty of growing them can furnish them so 
cheaply that I prefer to buy. If you have 
corners where you can grow a few cabbages, 
try the wrinkled Savoy sorts, and a few of the 
red, but you will have so much trouble with 
worms that you may decide to do as I am 
doing—leave your cabbages for a specialist. 
The egg plant is a delicious vegetable, but it 
needs a long season, and has a bad habit of not 
giving good results for an amateur. Cauli- 
flower is a delicious vegetable, and you may 
be so fond of it that you are willing to stand 
guard against the worms. Celery growing 
depends upon having a soft rich soil and your 
patience in taking good care of the growing 
plant. As a rule the common country garden 
is not the place for growing this vegetable suc- 
cessfully—that is, you can not compete with 
that which comes in the market so cheaply and 
so high flavored. 

Having told you so much that may be 
omitted, I must give you a good list of the 
indispensables. My own garden makes hob- 
bies of peas, corn, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, 
squashes; and I assure you that you will find 
all that you want to do in growing a good 
succession of green corn; beans, both wax 
and shell; and a big supply of tomatoes for 
summer, and squashes for autumn and winter. 
Then my lettuces are as fine as rich soil will 
produce, and my bed of beets and carrots com- 
plete the cycle that I toil over. Lettuce should 
be sown just as early as possible, around the 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN v 


you can get the very essence of plant food. I 
have yet to find a better sort for everybody’s 
sowing than the Mignonnette. This is a won- 
derful little hard-heading sort, growing with 
speed, and very sweet. Another capital kind 
is the Hansen, and another the Golden Queen. 
The largest head that I have seen, measuring 
seven or eight inches in diameter through the 
solid part, is the Marblehead Mammoth... The 
May King is a very early sort that gives good 
heads without much special care, and it is a 
good sort for growing in your cold frame for 
late use. 

After the lettuce is cared for, and just as 
early as the soil is friable, put in peas and 
potatoes. I do not believe that one person in 
fifty, even in the country, knows what our 
very best peas are. They go on growing the 
old marrowfats, and many farmers have only 
the field peas. JI wish they would try for 
earliest the Gradus, and with that the Thomas 
Laxton. For a second early the Senator is a 
grand advance, and British Wonder is an- 
other. They are so sweet that you may 
imagine them to have been supplied with sugar 
in the cooking. The Hero is a large-podded 
sort with big peas, and the quality is beyond 
criticism. I used to get from Mr. Gregory 
A No. 1 and Mayflower, but I do not find 
them any longer on the market. “They were 
remarkable for thin skins and sweetness. Now 
let me suggest (1) that you select varieties 
that grow from two to three feet high, and do 
not need bushing. Unless your ground is just 
right the very dwarf sorts are liable to dry up 
and give you no satisfaction. ‘The tall ones 
need too much bushing. (2) Select at least 
three sorts that will come on in succession. 
(3) Make your sowings from early in April 
until the first of June—so as to make succes- 
sion for at least three months. (4) Sow your 
peas in trenches about four or five inches deep, 
and cover with friable soil mixed with com- 
post. Peas are good eaters. (5) Buy your 
seed wholesale, that is, select a first-class dealer 
and stay by him year after year. It will cost 
you about half as much for your seed when he 
puts you on his list of wholesale dealers. I 
advise you also to experiment with one or two 
new varieties each year. 

Potatoes for home use should go in just as 
early as the soil will permit. For early po- 
tatoes I know nothing better than Bliss’s 
Triumph. In Florida they will hardly grow 
anything else. It starts quickly and ripens 
quickly; is a bright red in color; and the 
quality is good, but not the best. A good deal 
better potato is Norton Beauty; this is very 
productive and very early, and the flavor is 
nearly as good as the State of Maine, which 
is saying a good deal. “This last named va- 
riety is to my notion the very ideal. It gives 
big crops, and the potato bursts open just 
enough, in cooking, to make you dream of the 
richness inside. Close after this put Gold 
Coin, and you will have all you want—a 
vigorous, productive, handsome, and most ex- 
cellent sort. All of these will do well in the 
garden, but the last two are the prime sorts 
for field planting. Do not hill up your po- 
tatoes, but run your cultivator, and keep the 
soil loose. 

About the first of May I plant my corn 
and my beans, sometimes a little sooner. Both 
of these are liable to catch a frost; if so, I have 
retained seed to plant over again. I find it 
better to run the risk, because three seasons 
out of four I will gain ten days in my supply. 
Of corns, I experiment with the best adver- 
tised sorts, and sometimes get something extra 
good; but I rely upon my own cross-breds for 
main supply. I created these by crossing the 
Black Mexican with the Henderson and the 
Evergreen. The result is large ears of black 
and white corn of the most delicious quality. 


Z TEES 7 LE, S LATTA, 


Baths and Lavatories 


because of their lasting service, minimize the cost 
of future maintenance. The installation of these 
splendid sanitary fixtures means that the first invest- 
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OUR NEW BOOK, “MODERN BATHROOMS” ; 


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the actual cash-yalue of your house when installing bathroom, kitchen | » ay! 
laundry fixtures. Write for your copy today. Enclose six cents postage 


a CCl“ ONG PIUNMDE 


Ale 


LZ 
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Address Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co., Dept. 23 = Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A. 
Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street. 

Louisville: 325-329 West Main St. Pittsburgh : New Orleans: Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. 

London, Eng. : 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. 949 Penn Ave. Cleveland : 648-652 Huron Road, S. E. 


oy 


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No garden is complete without a few grapevines. 


Ye) can be made: 


(Red) Brighton, Delaware, Lindley; (White) Niagara, Diamond, 
Pocklington; (Black) Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early, Wilder. 


We carry the largest stock of grape vines and small fruit in the country, and we have a national ¢ 
reputation for selling only choicest varieties. All our vines are guaranteed to be just as represented or 
money refunded. Order now and vines will be sent proper time to'plant. 
Wealso offer 10 strong, hardy, two-year-old vines for $1.00, sent postpaid. These vines will grow 
anywhere. Just what the farmer needs for planting along fencesand buildings. With every order we send 
our valuable booklet full of information about grape culture, pruning, etc. Grapevines add beauty and yalue 
to the place, and furnish fresh fruit for the table. 


Ow T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY, Grapevine Specialists, FREDONIA, N.Y. (Established 42 years.) BB) 
(Te 


se White Frost 
ja, Refrigerators 


22 g Every woman falls in love with the WHITE FROST at sight. All 
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Send Postal Card To-Day for Free Booklet 


telling of the perfect sanitation and absolute natural refrigeration of the 
WHITE FROST. No nasty corners for germs and dirt to lodge—the 
ONE Sanitary Refrigerator. We will sell you one, at trade discount, 
freight paid, to your station if your dealer does not handle them. 


METAL STAMPING CO., 528 Mechanic St., Jackson, Mich. Frost Refrigerator”? 


‘Dear Bob, buy me a White 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


Look Into 


The Door 


Did you ever stop to think just why 
some doors stick, warp, shrink, open at the 
joints and are always causing trouble? You 
would not buy a watch without looking at 
the works. The works of a door are just as 
important to its performance as the works 
of a watch. 


Morgan Doors 


are beautiful and durable—they are con- 
structed so that they will never warp, twist, 
{ open at the joints, stick or cause 
any door trouble—they are not 
heavy or unwieldly—they are 
beautiful on the outside and have 
duraility built into them. 


Look at the works of a Morgan Door—the illustration shown is 
a cross section of a one and three-quarters inch door, flush molded, 
two sides with one-half inch, five-ply panel. Note the several layers 
with the grain running cross-wise—these layers after all moisture 
has been eliminated are glued together with the very best veneer 
glue under powerful hydraulic pressure. This makes shrinking, 
warping or swelling impossible. 


Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong, absolutely perfect in 
construction and express substantial refinement in every line. They 
are veneered in all varieties of hard wood, birch, plain or quarter 
sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 


Each Morgan Door is stamped “MORGAN” as a guarantee of 
quality, style, durability and satisfaction. In our new book “ The 
Door Beautiful” we show Morgan Doors in their natural color and 
tell you why they are the best and cheapest doors for permanent 
satisfaction in any kind of building. 


Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors 
may be found vn Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. 


Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Il. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis. 
Morgan Company, Baltimore, Md. 


STEEL 
CEILINGS 


For Effectively 
Decorating All 
Kinds of Rooms 


YOU CAN GET THEM IN 


s Rooms, Auditoriums, Etc. 


q Largest and most complete line of artistic STEEL Ceilings in existence. Covers the field 


so completely you can get just what is required, whether bold or elaborate designs or some- 
thing comparatively simple. 


q Before buying a Steel Ceiling of any description, get full details of Berger's “Classik.” 
ASK FOR CATALOG D-64 


The Berger Mfg. Co., Canton, Ohio ey Yor: 


Philadelphia 
Minneapolis 


Boston 


Chicago 
San Francisco 


St. Louis Atlanta 


a) ieeeya : 


Designed and executed by Chas. Rohlfs, Buffalo, N. Y. 


nna Katherine Green 
the author’s dining room, finished with 


Beaver Board 


The Modern Wall and Ceiling Material 
Made of selected pure wood fibre, shredded and pressed into panels, 
33 sizes of uniform thickness. A non-conductor of heat. A sound 
deadener. Easily applied. Nails direct to studding. 

Takes Place of Both Lath and Plaster 
Eliminates unsanitary wall paper, Tint with oil or cold water paint 
Susceptible to artistic decoration. Descriptive booklet and sample 
FREE. Write to-day, lest you forget. 
The Beaver Manufacturing Co.,264 Perry St., Buffalo, N.Y 


Bui! ¥ ut Own IncubatorsenBrogders 
SS 


Save money. Thousands are doing it every 
year. I teach you how and supply all the 
parts you cannot make, at low prices. My new 
Lampless Brooder will cost you $4.00. Great- 
est Brooder invention of the age, Repairs 
and supplies for all kinds of Incubators or Brood- 
ers. My new book of plans and catalogue has V 
over 100 illustrations, showing step by step every stage of 
construction—so simple a 12 year old boy can follow them. 
Send 25c coin or U. S. stamps tocover cost. Your money back 
if you are not satisfied. I allow the price of the book on your 
firstorder. Send for the book today. Itmeans Dollars to you, 
H. M. SHEER, 464 Hampshire Strert. QUINCY, ILL. 


No Night Fireman Needed 


WITH THIS ONLY SELF-FEEDING HEATER 


The Wilks Hot Water Heater furnishes the 
safest, easiest, cheapest way to provide heat and 
hot water at all times for farm buildings, garages, 
cottages, poultry houses, brooders, green-houses, 
golf and yacht clubs, etc., and is the only 
wus heater that feeds itself. Improved coal mag- 
@ azine keeps an even fire ro hours. 


Wilks Heaters 


are built of best stceZ instead of the unreliable cast 
#4 iron commonly used. Strongly riveted, caulked and 
inforced. Write for Free Book describing, giving 
izes, prices, etc. State full particulars and we will 
zecommend the best heater for your needs, and guar- 
_antee it to give satisfaction if installed according 
Wto our directions. 

S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 
3504 Shields Avenue, Chicago 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md. 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


d Engineers’ Supplies 


a FABRIANO’: Hand-Made Drawin Pape 
Superior to any other hand-made papee eve 
F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 
and Materials 


CLINCH right through the 

standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 
Berger Bros. Co. 


PHILADELPHIA 


UN i 
PATENTED 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
pheric temperatures, and are designed 
for both indoor and outdoor tempera- 
tures, Send for new catalogues. 
THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEW YORK Branches CHICAGO 


CT a 


vs. 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii 


I prefer the eight rowed, as giving most corn 
with least cob. My beans are also hybrids of 
my own creating. I have started and thrown 
away over four hundred sorts, and now re- 
tain a half dozen sorts of extraordinary quali- 
ties, and every one a pole bean. Poling a bean, 
where the pole stands between two hills, does 
not make a great amount of trouble, and ten 
hills will give food enough for a large family. 
The pods of these sorts are about seven inches 
long and very solid. There is no vegetable, in 
my judgment, to excel the string bean of this 
sort, when well cooked. By breaking down 
three or four poles in September you can 
cover them against the early frosts, and have 
golden string beans until November. Note 
now that you can grow your beans on the 
same soil year after year, but your corn will 
soon exhaust corn food, so you must change 
location every year. The bean is a legume, 
and can take nitrogen out of the air; but the 
corn must take nitrogen out of the soil. Plow 
under your beans for a while, and then you 
‘can use the spot for corn. 

Now for our melons and quashes. ‘These 
want rich soil and a warm exposure; and it is 
not worth the while to plant the seed before 
the ground gets permanently warm. My com- 
post piles are five or six in number, and they 
are scattered about my gardens, where most 
convenient for distribution. All summer they 
stand idle, only that right in the top I dig a 
hole, and fill it with good garden soil, and 
plant a few squash seed. These will run all 
over the compost pile and give me dozens of 
Hubbard squashes, or what is better, De- 
licious. We owe both of these to Mr. 
Gregory, and they are splendid products of 
garden art. My melons I plant where there is 
plenty of potash and plenty of sunshine. Pot- 
ash is supplied easily by ashes from a bonfire. 
As soon as the seed is in, surround the hills 
with boxes fifteen inches square. When the 
plants have grown to hit the boxes, thin them 
to three in a hill, and cover the box with 
mosquito netting till the beetles are out of the 
way. Squashes will grow about six feet luxuri- 
antly, and then every one of them be killed 
by a boring beetle, unless you adopt this 
simple preventive; cover with fine dirt, three 
or four inches deep, the first one or two joints, 
almost as soon as they are formed. These will 
form roots, and the borer may do his worst 
at the first joint. The squash will grow on 
and bear its fruit luxuriantly. 

How to get the most out of a given area is 
one of your problems. Celery can follow your 
early potatoes; and you may plant your melons 
between your rows of peas. When the peas 
are picked, pull the vines, clean up the soil 
and let the melons occupy it. Turnips will 
follow almost anything of an early sort, and 
give you a fine autumn crop. For succession, 
corn should be planted until June; anything 
later than that will probably not give you ears. 
There are a few wild vegetables that must 
never be overlooked, and some of these it will 
pay to grow in the garden. Dandelions in 
rich soil are so much finer for early greens 
that you might try them. In my Florida gar- 
den I grow sooke and sorrel. These are de- 
licious, and they are better when cooked to- 
gether, for the sorrel adds a touch of fine acid. 

My tomatoes are started in the hotbed, or 
the plants are bought; and they are set as soon 
as the chilly nights are past. It does not pay 
to set slim and small plants. After trying a 
lot of ways, I have come to this sort of train- 
ing. Either tie to a stout stake four or five 
feet tall above the ground, or drive three 
stakes about each plant, over which are slipped, 
at spaces, barrel hoops. The best tomato will 
be what you select yourself from the very best 
fruit. To start with, take one of Mr. Living- 
ston’s best sorts, like Dwarf Stone or Earliana. 
Pinch back some of the side shoots as the 


a 


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AALLDTT BsTp 
EMME PSESE LEM GITTLL LLL ra] 
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There’s a point you architects want to look into. The weight the walls are 
expected to carry often plays a very important part in the estimate. 


Cortright Metal Shingles 


make the lightest permanent roof, the tightest roof and the longest wearing 
roof. They're free from repairs as is evidenced by their splendid record of 
twenty-one years of service without other attention than an occasional coat of 
paint. Think of it! Do you know of any other roofing with a record like this? 
We point to it with pride because we know it has never been duplicated. Give 
us an opportunity to prove this superiority by sending for our free 56-page 


book, “Rightly Roofed Buildings.” 
CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia and Chicago 


cr Neel re et Oy eel I 
\SHABLE WALL COVERING B 


ONLY when you see actual samples 
of dull finished Sanitas will you 
fully appreciate its great superiority 
over wall papers for beautifully dec- 
orating your living room, dining room 
and every other room at moderate cost. 
nd the never-fade, never- 

/X crack, never-tear, always- 
new surface of SANITAS, 
dirt-proof, stain-proof—in- 
stantly cleaned with a 
damp cloth — cannot be 


bought in any other 
material at any price. 


rinted in oil colors on ‘strong muslin, glazed 
like tile for kitchens and bathrooms. 


Write today to our Special Department of 
Home _ Decoration. State which rooms 
you desire to decorate, and receive, free, 
samples and sketches of clever, new 


interior treatments. WRITE TODAY. 


When you buy Table Oil Cloth, 
ask for ‘‘ Meritas,’’ guaranteed 
perfect. Trade-marked every yard 
on the back. 


THE STANDARD OIL CLOTH CO. 
320 Broadway, New York 


The reason why Old English is the best wax 


FOR FLOORS, FURNITURE AND ALL INTERIOR WOODWORK 


is because it is the “highest quality’’ wax made. Suitable for hardwood 
or pine floors—never flakes nor becomes sticky nor shows heel-marks 
or scratches. Send for FREE SAMPLE of 


Old English trex 


‘*The Wax with a Guarantee”’ 
And if you wish to jiearn how to make floors beautiful, request 
Our Book—sent free—“Beautiful Floors, Their Finish and Care” 
IT DISCUSSES: Finishing Kitchen, Pantry and 
Cleaning and Polishing Floors. Bath Room Floors. 
Finishing New and Old Floors. | Finishing Dance Floors. 

Care of Waxed Floors. Removing Varnish, Paint, etc. 
Buy Old English from your dealer—soc. a lb.—1, 2, 4and 8 Jb. cans. 
One pound covers 300 square feet. Write us anyway. 

A. S. BOYLE & CO.,1913 West 8th St.,Cincinnati, Ohio 
Manufacturers of ‘‘Brightener’*— which keeps floors clean and bright. 


vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


FLOORS i ae ges ROOFS 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Be 
is 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


FIREPROOFING DEPARTMENT | WASHINGTON : ROSSLYN SUPPLY CO., COLORADO BUILDING ny 
Cellings ALBERT OLIVER | sr cou CEE ere art SOUTH mai 
: : : ., SOUTH END 18TH ST. BRIDGE 
SAN FRANGISCO: L. A. NORRIS, 635 MONADNOCK BUILDING tlons 
1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORE | SEATTLE: L A. MORRIS, 909 ALASKA BUILDING 


Lane’s Trolley 
Parlor Door Hangers and Track 


HE particularly distinguishing features of the 

Lane Trolley Door Hanger equipment are 
the excellence of the ball bearing and the lateral 
as well as vertical adjustment of the track. 


Lane Trolley Hangers are made in both the 
rigid and adjustable pendant styles and with both 
single and double trucks. All are fitted with 
machined and hardened ball bearings as shown 
and in all the various details the quality of Lane 
products is maintained, thus virtually placing 
them in a class by themselves. 


Send for Complete Catalog. SECTION BALL BEARING IN LANE 
TROLLEY HANGERS 


LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, (zoo: Hanser) 


434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 


Thread and Thrum RUGS 


Different from all other rugs, made 
in colorings to match your decora- 
tions. Special styles to go with 
Mission or Fumed Oak Furniture. 
Wool weft, seamless, heavy, revers- 
ible and durable. All sizes up to 
12 feet wide and any length. Sold 
by best shops in principal cities. 
If your dealer does not keep them, 
write Arnold, Constable & Co., New 
York, for Color Line and Price List. 


THREAD AND THRUM WORKSHOP, 
Auburn, N.Y 


Of All the BOOKS That Tell of 


BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS 


: at half the usual prices, my new 16th Annual Catnlocue {s most 
eR. s¥ unique. Complete with all latest and favorite varieties, hardy, 
“northern grown. Now ready; sent FREE. Also for 6 cents and 
the addresses of two flower-loving friends, I will sead a packet of 


BURBANK’S 33;4 POPPIES 


one of his new, most wonderful productions; a fine new strain of 
the popular Shirley. Unsurpassed in splendor of color variation; 
petals beautifully crimped. Or 2 packets for 10 cents, 4 for 15 cents; 
and a copy of FLORAL CULTURK, Send TODAY. Address Table 196 

MISS C.H. LIPPINCOTT 7ke Pioneer Seedswoman of America 
602-604 70th Street, S., Minneapolis, Minn, 


Build Your Own Incubators and Brooders 


and save half the purchase price. Any one 
can do it with my plans. I furnish the me- 
chanical parts, Lamps, Regulators, etc., at low prices. 
My New Burner, Tandem Thermostat, and Special 
Heater, will save half the ofl, half the time, and cost 
of operation. Fit any Incubator or Brooder. More 
than 25,000 have built their own Incubators and Brood- 
ers with my plans and fixtures. Not a single failure. 
My New LAMPLESS BROODER costs you only $4. +I 
will send you my complete plams and catalog, prepaid, 
for only 25 cents to cover cost. Worth Dollars to you 


 M. SHEER, 464 HAMPSHIRE STREET, QUINCY, ILL 


8 Take off your Hat 2.2) A 


Write for Circulars 7 
and Prices to 4 
a J iY 


ERS 
F.E. Myers & Bro * 
y : y mj 


Ashland, Ohio 


FREE comricaion: PUR 


THE KING OF ALL BEAUTIFYING POWDERS 


It is absorbent and non-irritating, and may be 
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further introduce this wonderful powder we make 
this special offer to you. Send us the names 
and addresses of ten ladies and 10c. in money or 
stamps to cover charges, and we will send you 
prepaid a sample package of Rex Complexion 
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to preserve your beauty and create new charms. 
Rex Scientific Beauty Cream is without a peer, 
we positively guarantee that it contains nothing 
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By dealing with us you are guaranteed satisfac- 
tion; we will promptly return purchase price if 
any of our articles are not perfectly satisfactory 
to the user. Address 


REX BEAUTY SPECIALISTS, Dept. C 
290 E. 43d St., Chicago, III. 


Peonies and Irises True to Name! 


Buy of a specialist, who grows and knows the stock he sells. J] have been 

specializing in hardy flowers for over. eight years, but only a few months 

ago issued my first catalogue, My offerings comprise over 250,000 Iris and 

Peonies in about 1,000 varieties. SEND FOR MY CATALOGUE cf. 
Peonies, Irises, Phloxes and Hardy Plant Specialties. Pronounced by ex- 

perts the most complete in America. Contains information of great value 

to all who love hardy flowers. : Free on application. 


BERTRAND H. FARR, WYOMISSING NURSERIES 
: 809E Penn Street, Reading, Pa. 


| American @ 
DP res and Gardeneat sé 


“'@.s. pegs ae 4 
Scientific American 


To one per year 
address Regularly $6 


March, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1x 


plants grow, having set them four feet apart 
each way. You will never get too many to- 
matoes for family use—especially if you know 
how to make them into soups, as every house- 
holder should. The plum tomatoes, yellow and 
red, are exceedingly valuable for preserves. 
This preserve can be made very rich, and then 
canned as tightly as possible for winter use. 

Turnips I could easily omit, only that they 
are so useful as a second crop. Say what we 
will of the improvement in this vegetable, it 
is not often that we get them sweet and rich 
for the table. The White Milan, the Golden 
Ball, and the Munich have a good reputation, 
but they must grow quick and conditions be 
about right in the way of rains, or the quality 
is deteriorated. If you have a cow you can 
make use of those that are not acceptable on 
the table. I have at last left out of my garden 
planting the parsnip, because with most people 
it is indigestible, and then it needs a lot of 
weeding. It has the advantage, however, of 
staying in the ground till wanted, and if neces- 
sary all winter. Salsify, or vegetable oyster, is 
another plant of considerable value, especially 
for soups, but it has made me too much work 
as compared with the results. It should be 
sown early in the spring, in light rich soil, and 
should be carefully cultivated. The roots are 
used in October, or they are left in the ground 
to be dug at any time when wanted. This 
root really deserves to be called the vegetable 
oyster, although the cook has something to do 
with that. Cook in a few pinches of codfish, 
and you get the oyster flavor. 

A few good things for the garden, that are 
seldom grown, are Swiss Chard—a plant in 
the beet family, that gives stalks almost as 
large as the pie plant, but no edible roots. 
These plants will grow and give you cuttings 
for two or three years. In the Southern States 
collards are called for greatly, and they really 
constitute a fine food from the cabbage family. 

Watercress should be grown if you have a 
running stream anywhere. The cauliflower is 
co delicious that I would grow a few, if will- 
ing to stand the extra labor. The best sort 
that I have tried is the Burpee’s Dry Weather. 
It is grown almost in the same way as the 
cabbage, but it must have good rich soil, and 
cool moist weather, with thorough cultivation. 

For my own use I want some of the im- 
proved carrots and beets every time, and all 
summer. I hate weeding, and I know that 
everybody else does. I will not set a boy at 
it, beyond the demands of a “just enough car- 
rots and beets for table use.” Neither of these 
vegetables are of much use when thoroughly 
ripened for winter; but a growing carrot, if 
nicely cooked, is about as good as an Early 
Rose potato or a State of Maine. What is 
more, it is one of the most wholesome of 
vegetables. Everybody knows what young 
beets can be, and I am afraid that many know 
how poor such things can be. Both of these 
vegetables must grow rapidly, in loose soil. 
Select the Danvers or the Chantenay for car- 
rots, and for beets you will do well enough 
with Eclipse and Egyptian. 

Now for a side issue be sure to have a good 
sized asparagus bed, and a bed of pieplant; 
both of them near enough to the barn to take 
the drainage, if possible; if not, make sure the 
soil is very rich and deep and clean. Never 
put on any seedy manure; for that matter, 
never put it onto your garden anywhere. “The 
best asparagus, by all means, is the Improved 
Argenteuil. This is sometimes called the 
Early Giant. I have grown this sort two or 
three times as large and fine as any other that 
I have experimented with. It is time now to 
throw out the older sorts entirely. Rightly 
grown asparagus will give you shoots six or 
eight inches long, and every bit of them tender. 
In fact, I do not know how the tough stems 

(Continued on page x2) 


Implement 


of take 


ECRETARY of War Stanton sat in his office 
in Washington. 


“If I ring that bell,” he said, ‘‘ any man, 7” ¢he 
most distant State, is a prisoner of war!” 

The telephone bell has succeeded the messenger 
bell. 

Business has succeeded war. 

If ay man in the Union rings the bell of his Bell 
Telephone at his desk, any other man a¢ ¢he most 
distant point is at his instant command. 

That is the Bell Companies’ ideal—that you may 
talce the receiver off the hook and get into communi- 
cation with ay man, even in the most distant State. 

That is the really wxzversal telephone that the 
Bell Companies set as their goal at the beginning. 

tis so far realized that already 20,000,000 voices 
are at the other end of the line, all reached by the 
one Bell system. ; 

The zxcreased efficiency of the individual, of the 
lawyer or bank president or corporation official ; 
the increased efficiency of the zation as a whole, 
because of the development of the Bell system, can 
hardly be estimated. 

It certainly cannot be overestimated. 

The president of a corporation to-day could not 
be the president of such a corporation without it. 

The modern corporation z¢seZf could not exist 
without telephone service of national scope. 

Corporation officials could not have transacted 
business quickly enough by old methods to reach 
the totals which alone are accountable for our 
remarkable commercial development as a nation. 


Eiateay 


The wheels of commerce have been kept at the 
necessary speed to provide this swift development 
by the universal telephone. 

The mere item of ¢2me actually saved by those 
who use the telephone means an zmmense increase 
in the production of the nation’s wealth every 
working day in the year. : 

Without counting the convenience, without 
counting this wonderful increased efficiency, but 
just counting z¢he dime alone, over $3,000,000 a day 
is saved by the users of the telephone ! : 

Which means adding $3,000,000 a day to the 
nation’s wealth ! 

The exchange connections of the associated Bel] 
Companies are about 18,000,000 a day—the toll 
connections half a million more. Half of the connec- 
tions are on business matters that must have prompt 
action—either a messenger or a personal visit. 

Figured on the most conservative basis, the 
money value of the ¢7me saved is not less than ten 
cents on every exchange connection and three dol- 
lars on every toll, or long distance connection—fig- 
ures that experience has shown to be extremely low. 

The saving 72 ¢ime only is thus $1,800,000 daily 
on exchange messages and $1,500,000 on long dis- 
tance messages—this much added to the nation’s 
productiveness by the Implement of the Nation 
the Bell Telephone. , 


American Telephone & Telegraph Company 


eae 


KOLL’S PATENT 


LOCK-JOINT COLUMNS 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by 


HARTMANN-SANDERS 
COMPANY 


Elston and Webster Avenues 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway 
NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also "Sweet's Index.") 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


<a RETIRE aaa ay oO R T ‘ "AN D> Seth Alene 


In building a home in the city 
or country, ask yourself first 


WHAT MATERIAL? 


NVESTIGATE wood, brick and stone. Set down the advantages 
and disadvantages of each, but do not, for your own interest, 
forget to investigate 


CONCRETE 


Definition: Concrete is a mixture of 
broken stone or gravel, sand and 
some form of Portland Cement. 


The success of concrete construction depends 
upon the quality of the cement. 


ORTLAND means a kind of cement. It — of everyone who owns a home, large or small, 
does not mean quality. ‘‘Atlas’’ does. | or who expects to build one. The name of 


Atlas Portland Cement, made in but this is ““Concrete Construction about 
TRADE MARK 


the Home and on the Farm.’’ It will 
be sent to anyone on receipt of + cents 
to pay delivery charges. Write for it 
today. Investigate before you begin 
/m@ to build or rebuild. You have no idea 
Portland cements. Whether you live of the number of things you can do 
in the city or country, whether you with concrete made from pure Atlas 
live on a farm or a country estate, the png gustasgoop Portland Cement until you have read 


one grade; a name to remember; 
a brand to insist upon. It has purity 
and uniformity, two qualities that are 
absolutely essential and which pro- § 
duce results obtainable from few 


importance of concrete to you and, this book. A large book on Con- 
therefore, the importance of Atlas Portland crete Country Residences, with many designs 
Cement cannot be over-estimated. and floor plans of houses made with concrete, 


We have a book that should be in the hands sent for 25 cents. 


THE ATLAS porttans CEMENT COMPANY --rt10 SO Broad Street, New York 


peo AMERICAN 


Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year 


CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1909 


“GELLIAN Court’: The Casino and Pergola Inclosing the Garden 
MonTHLY COMMENT—What Are You Going to do About It? 
NOTABLE AMERICAN Homes—The Country Seat of Emil Berolzheimer, Esq., Tarrytown, 
New York By Barr Ferree 
Roses FOR WINTER By Edith B. Welsh 
HoMEs oF AMERICAN ARTISTS—An Artist’s Home in Rose Valley By Ralph de Martin 
THE ROADWAY AND THE GROUNDS By John Carey Edwards 
GrANT LEAVEs By 8. Leonard Bastin 103 
THe Compost HEap By Ida D. Bennett 106 
THE RESIDENCE OF FRIEND A. Russ, Esa., ‘Rock RInGE,’? GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT. 
By Francis Durando Nichols 107 
By Mabel Tuke Priestman 110 
112 
tie 
By Jacques Boyer 114 
THE COLONIAL RESIDENCE OF J. RANDALL WILLIAMS, EsQ., HAVERFORD, PENNSYLVANIA. 


By Paul Thurston 117 
CORRESPONDENCE: 


PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg xii 
By Charles Downing Lay xii 


Making of a Country Home: II. The Vegetable Garden. 
New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American .Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


(Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the wniters desire the return of their copy. 


uapies ou] Busou ejo81ed pue oulsed oy} : | YNO> UeIT[Ear) , | 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


3 
2s 
2. 
qi 
i} 
t 


ELLE 


“ Gellian Court” : the piazza overlooking the terrace has true classic character 


84 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
What Are You Going to Do About It ? 


JE RY presently the entire country side every- 
where will be alive with people, hunting in 
couples, in threes, in whole families, per- 
‘ sonally or with trusted friends, hunting, 
hunting for that most desirable of human 
possessions, a home! ‘The expeditions set 
out at all hours and extend in every direc- 
tion. The most likely as well as the most unlikely places are 
searched, scanned, examined and investigated. The litera- 
tures of the real estate owners and home promoters are 
studied with avidity, and many anxious days consumed in 
testing the realities of the descriptions by personal examina- 
tions of the alleged sites of future happiness and well being. 
‘The more fortunate set out on their travels in automobiles; 
some pursue their journeys in wagons, often of an archaic 
style; others still make their researches afoot and often have 
a most uncomfortable time in doing so. The annual hegira 
to the country is about to begin, and those whose lives have 
been stifled for years in the cities are about to seek a free 
quota of the air to be inhaled for the rest of their lives. 


Ir is curious that this annual upheaval should be quite dis- 
tinctly a sign of spring. ‘The country is not at its best in 
March; on the contrary, it is decidedly at its worst. ‘The 
whole winter, with its devastating effects, is behind, and the 
healing touch of warmth and sunshine has not yet made itself 
felt. Presently the new season will open up, and when the 
spring has fairly opened, there is no region so enchanting as 
the countryside, with its fields springing into green, its bud- 
ding trees, its early flowers, its new unfolding life, at once 
so mysterious and so stimulating! It is the finest part of the 
year, the most charming and most delightful, and to those 
who first see the country at this period of the year it must 
appear as a region of unnumbered joys, of gentle peace and 
quietude, a place, in short, not only to relax one’s tired nerves 
in, but the place of all places in which to live. 


AND this 1s perfectly true. There is no place like the coun- 
try, no region that offers so much and provides so boun- 
teously. But no pleasure needs to be approached with 
greater care. It is a well recognized fact that in the tem- 
perate zone, and especially in the northerly latitudes, the year 
is divided into four seasons. ‘The gentle winds of spring 
pass into the torrid heat of midsummer that, in its turn, gives 
way to a brilliantly illuminated fall. For each of these 
periods the country offers activenesses that the most agree- 
able of cities can not, for a moment, compete with. ‘Then 
‘comes the death of the year we know as winter. The 
almanacs may divide the twelve months into four equal parts 
of three each, but be assured that if, by good luck, the winter 
keeps to its own particular three, they are very apt to seem 
as long as any other five or six months one ever lived through 
or had acquaintance with. Yet if one is to live in the coun- 
try for the entire year—as many people must do—these 
winter months are the real test of the joy of country life and 
the true criterion by which its success must be measured. 


THE promoters of the sale of country real estate are in- 
terested solely in the question of sales. ‘Their literature, to 
be true, is eloquent as to the value of country life and homes, 
but these are purely academic questions with these good folk, 
whose entire interest in life—at the moment—is to sell land, 
exactly as other people devote themselves to the sale of dress 
goods, or the distribution of imitation jewelry—for a price. 
These excellent dealers are fully alive to the drawbacks of 


dangers and difficulties. 


a winter in the country, and have a hibernating period of 
their own, like the bears, bees, squirrels and other animals of 
like habit. But the spring they have appropriated to them- 
selves, and their invitations to the countryside are never so 
alluring as at this season. It is good business, no doubt, but 
those who buy in the spring, and have never passed a winter 
in the country, are not actually alive to what is before them, 
nor are they aware of the discomforts that even in the most 
agreeable of country regions is bound to beset them. If one 
has had no experience with country life, it will be found to be 
a good thing to pass a few days or a week in a rural region 
before deciding that one is fitted for this mode of existence. 


THE country offers so much that one is embarrassed by the 
multitude of openings and activities it seems to present. 
Quite a number of most excellently disposed persons have 
written books telling what an ingenious person may accom- 
plish in the country, how little he can live for, how self- 
supporting he may make his place, how idealistic is this style 
of life. No doubt these things are true, for they are care- 
fully set down in handsomely printed books published by 
reputable houses. Yet nothing could be more delusive or 
ensnaring than much of this literature. Every form of coun- 
try industry is attended with expense, anxieties and the likeli- 
hood of failure. ‘The seeds you plant may germinate and 
start, and all sorts of catastrophies intervene before the 
culminating period, when there may be nothing worth culmi- 
nating. Your chickens will gorge themselves with food that 
you must pay for, and then suddenly cease to lay, or contract 
a disease that will run through the whole flock. As for the 
larger animals the perils they are subject to are so dishearten- 
ing that it is best not to think of them. Even the care of a 
lawn involves labor, and the simplest of flowers will not 
bloom without planting and care. 


Ir is true enough that many people will make a living on 
an acre of ground or even less; it is true that comfort and 
luxury can often be accumulated in the country and directly 
from the soil. But it is the hardest possible kind of work. 
It means unremitting care, constant attention, an early getting 
out of bed and an exhausted body that seeks repose with 
work half done, and more to do to-morrow than has been 
accomplished to-day. Moreover, it does not follow that 
because one man has made a success of country living that 
all men can do so, or most men. Do not some achieve colossal 
fortunes in the stock market or in the manufacture of steel? 
Yet these are the exceptions and not the rule, and the average 
man has as many chances of failure in these brilliant fields as 
has his more humble prototype in the countryside. 


Wuart, then, are you going to do about it? It is a problem 
quite terrible in its complexity and beset with all sorts of 
There is but one single word of 
general advice that can be given, and that is to go slowly. 
The establishment of a country home is not a lottery in 
which one may take a chance and perhaps survive disaster. 
The disaster, when it comes—if it does come—is apt to be 
serious and disheartening. It is always possible to buy coun- 
try real estate; it is a very different matter to sell it. One 
may move out into the country, but it is not so easy to return. 
One may enjoy the spring, the summer and the fall, but the 
winter may freeze the very marrow in one’s bones, and entail 
discomforts, expenses and sicknesses that, in the warmly 
glowing days of the springtime, were not only never thought 
of, but seemed utterly impossible and irreducibly remote. 


March, 1909 


ELLIAN COURT” occupies the compara- 
tively modest area of about twenty acres 
among the hills of Tarrytown-on-the-Hud- 
son, a beautiful village so close to the city 
of New York as to be almost literally a 
metropolitan suburb. It is a place of rare 
charm, a site beautiful in itself, treated and 
developed in a highly interesting manner. Much of the 
original growth of trees has been cleared away and the land 
newly planted with fruit trees and many plants and shrubs. 
Here and there a few fine old trees still remain, chiefly elms 
and chestnuts, while the remoter parts are heavily wooded 
with the mixed growth which is characteristic of the high- 
jands of the Hudson. 

The grounds are inclosed within a high wall, near one end 
of which is the entrance to the serpentine drive by which the 
house is reached. The mansion is close to the southern edge 
of the property, scarce more than two hundred feet from the 
roadway. The site on which it stands is by no means the 
highest within the estate, but it is sufficiently high to permit 
of good drainage in every direction. The entrance driveway 
passes beneath the porte cochére and is thence continued to 
the stable beyond 
the house. 

The mansion is 
built of local granite 
from an old quarry, 
and is a stone that 
easily lends itself 
ft the JLtalian 
style in which this 
building was de- 
signed by its archi- 
tects, Messrs. Janes 
& Leo, of New 
York. The roofs of 
Spanish tiles consti- 
tute an integral part 
in the color scheme 
of the exterior. 

Entering the 
house from beneath 
the porte cochére 
admission is gained 
to the entrance hall 
through a vestibule. 
This hall is a stately 
and dignified apart- 
ment, octagonal in 
plan and sur- 
mounted with a 
domed ceiling. The 
mosaic floor has a 
patterned border 
and the walls are 
in imitation Caen 
stone. The architec- 


Cea 
se, Wis Nn — t 
io AVE? Oe 

Sy 


POVEEINVCAN -FLOMES AND GARDENS 85 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


“Gellian Court:” the Country Seat of Emil Berolzheimer, Esq., 
Tarrytown, New York 


tural treatment is simple but expressive. A somewhat 
severe cornice is upheld by Roman Doric columns that are 
engaged in the corners of the octagon. A marble bench 
stands before the domed niche, and a Roman table, likewise 
of marble, occupies the center of the room. ‘The electric 
lights are hidden behind the cornice at the base of the dome 
and form a highly effective method of lighting. 

To the left is the living-hall, one end of which is filled with 
the main staircase. The lower part of the walls, to about 
the height of seven feet, have a paneled wainscoting painted 
with white enamel, with which all of the woodwork of this 
room is treated. Above the wainscot the walls are covered 
with yellow brocaded silk. ‘The ceiling is beamed, and, like 
the woodwork, is white. The fireplace has facings and 
hearth of buff brick and an overmantel of Caen stone. The 
stairway, which is completely open to the hall, is built with 
broad landings and has white enameled balusters and treads 
and a mahogany rail. The floor is of hard wood, on the 
center of which is laid a great rug. The color scheme is 
extraordinarily bright and cheerful, as necessarily follows 
from the combination of white and yellow, the prevailing 
colors cf the apartment. 


Dae | 


A shady resting place beneath the trees 


86 


Further on, but immediately ad- 


joining the — living-hall, 


breakfast-room. It is nearly square 


in plan, and is lighted by 


windows that open on to the ter- 


race, which extends com- 
pletely across the garden 
front of the house. The 
woodwork is painted green 
and white, and the walls 


are covered with green grass-cloth. 
On the furthest side is a doorway 
that leads to the dining-room, which 
occupies the further corner of the 
house, and is a spacious rectangular 
apartment designed in the Colonial 


style. The woodwork is 
enamel, with mahogany 
doors. There is a high 


paneled wainscoting, above 
which the walls are covered 
with blue striped paper. In 
the corners are china cabi- 
nets, which constitute a part 
of the wainscoting; they 
are cleverly arranged with 
broken curved pediments 
and latticed glazed doors. 
The ceiling is beamed in 
squares, and is supported 

by a substantial cornice; 


is the 


French 


0 Rropopenonan> 
/ 


Zn 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Gal 


March, 1909 


nnn’. 


—_ —_— = 


TLowens 


Siena marble with an elaborately 
paneled overmantel. The furni- 
ture is mahogany. The end of the 
room overlooking the garden is 
almost completely filled 
with windows; in the cen- 

\ ter are \ great ~ slaved 
doors, opening to a spa- 
cious piazza that is 
provided with a great 
rounded end. This, plentifully sup- 
plied with tables and chairs, deco- 
rated with luxuriantly growing 
ferns and plants, and protected by 
awnings, is used as an outdoor 
dining-room in_ pleasant 


weather. 


WiKi me | aera 
_——— 


; 


DrieanracT 


Uprrr Trennace 


Porcn 


from the central panel a—— 


chandelier of Bohemian 
glass is suspended. ‘The 
fireplace has facings of 


‘==! 


Ground plan of the house 
and garden 


The pantry, in itself a room 
of some size, occupies the space 
behind the breakfast-room, and, 
of course, connects with the 

dining-room. It is painted with white 
and green enamel, and has a floor of 
white and green rubber tiling. Its 
fittings are entirely adequate to every 


need. A stairway and dumbwaiter 
connect directly with the  base- 
ment below, which contains the 


kitchen, laundry, heating apparatus, 
fuel rooms and cold storage, together 
with all the minor offices necessary 
in a mansion of this size and descrip- 
tion. 


The literary portions of the house are on the right 


of the entrance-hall, and fill the whole of that side. 


March, 1909 AMERICAN 
Here are two rooms, 
the study, on the en- 
trance front, and the 
library, which over- 
looks the garden. 
The study is 
trimmed with hazel, 
with a high paneled 
wainscoting and 
terra cotta walls 
above. There are 
built-in bookcases 
and a fireplace with 
facings and hearth 
of brown glazed 
tile. The library is 
is designed in the 
Elizabethan _ style, 
and is finished in 
weathered oak. Like 
the other rooms, it 
has a high paneled 
wainscoting, and 
above the walls are 
covered with green 
velour. The fire- 
place has Caen 
stone facings. 

The billiard-room 
occupies the center 
of the house. It is 
trimmed with oak, 
finished in the Flem- 
ish style. It has a 
high batten wainscoting. At one end is a long seat, reaching 
from wall to wall, and elevated a step above the level of the 
main floor. Above it is a massive hooded frieze supported 
on corbel brackets. On one side of the room is a combina- 
tion cabinet used for locker and ball rack, with glass cabi- 
nets overhead. On the opposite side is the fireplace, with 
facings of Moravian tile, a Dutch hood and mantel. 

Interesting as it is to view the fine interior of this house, 
to pass from room to room, to note the convenience of the 
arrangements, the elegance of the furnishings, the agreeable- 
ness of the color com- 
binations, it is but 


simple truth to say that 
the greater interest of 


HOMES AND GARDENS 87 


The entrance front and porte cochére of stone 


can well be described by the single word sumptuous. And 
the house within is not sumptuous, nor does its exterior de- 
sign suggest such a term; it is comfort and convenience, good 
taste and careful selection that distinguishes the interior. 
But without there is a sumptuous growth and blooming, ar- 
ranged, included and inclosed within an entirely adequate 
architectural setting and frame. 

The ground plan of the house suggests a somewhat ir- 
regular structure; as a matter of fact, it is a singularly 
orderly and symmetrical building, consisting of a main por- 

tion in three stories, to one side of which is attached a 
subordinate wing of two stories. On the garden front 
the center of the main building is well projected forward, 
and across the whole of this front is a broad and elabo- 
rate porch which is continued around on one side. It is, 
in fact, more than a mere porch, but a real series of out- 


door rooms applied to the whole of the front and supported by col- 
umns, which give it a true classic character. 
mere detail that both floor and roof are of red tile, but this, as has 


ial 


It is, perhaps, but a 


already been pointed out, is an effective part 
of the color scheme of the exterior. Below 
the great garden porch is a terrace, a spacious 
stretch of glass inclosed with a balustrade, 
open in the center with a quite monumental- 
0 like treatment of steps by which the garden is 
reached. 

The garden is a vast rectangular space, 
with a processional walk in the midst, whose 
center is occupied beds of grass: in the first a 
f mammoth flower bed; in the second a sun- 
=] dial; in the third a pool with water lilies and 


Plan of the second story 


this estate is without the house 
rather than within it. The splen- 
did gardening of “Gellian Court”’ 


other aquatic plants. On either side are 


larger squares of grass, whose borders are richly planted with per- 
ennial flowers, while at stated intervals on the central paths are bay 
trees in white painted tubs and boxes. At the further end the garden 
is inclosed within a high stone wall which abuts against the roadway. 


lee) 
loa) 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


exceedingly effective boun- 
dary to the garden. The 
floor of the casino is laid with 
red brick in herring-bone 
fashion, inclosed within a 
granite coping. The roof is 
of Spanish tile, supported on 
Ionic columns, which are re- 
peated in the pergolas. The 
furnishings are in keeping 
with the classic character of 
the whole design, and consist 
of a splendid Roman table 
and two Hermes standing be- 
tween the side columns. On 
the sides of the garden are 
two semicircular niches or re- 
treats. In the center of each 
is a marble statue, with white 
painted settles on either side, 
the space being surrounded 
with rhododendrons, above 
which rise a thick growth of 
trees. Quiet resting places 
these, from which the beauty 
of the garden may be en- 
joyed. 
But the interest of ‘‘Gel- 
lian Court” is not exhausted 
The stately and dignified octagonal hall is surmounted with a dome with the garden. The stable 
is partly hidden from view by 
In the center, and close against it, is the casino, or teahouse_ the great pines with which it is surrounded. It is built of 
from either side of which extends a pergola, which, in its stucco and is reached through a court inclosed with a stucco 
turn, is returned at the ends, thus forming an admirable and wall. On the right of the carriage forecourt is the carriage 


foams 


ia 


e 
RED 


‘Graseen alae: 


The pergola has a rich architectural effect The ca 


CO 
\O 


March, 1909 AiR lLeAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


shed. Beyond is the spacious 
carriage house, behind which, 
and connected with it, is the 
stable, both departments 
being amply fitted with the 
best of modern devices. A 
large court beyond is partly 
inclosed on two sides by var- 
ious farm buildings: wagon 
barn, sheep shed, wood shed, 
tool house and chicken 
houses. Continuing further 
up the hill from the stable 
one passes the gardener’s cot- 
tage and the mammoth con- 
servatories. A little further 

: on is the ice-house, half con- 
cealed underground, and still 
beyond is a rustic summer 
house built over a well of 
pure water. 

At the very apex of the 
estate is a casino, a quaint 
stucco building, with pergola- 
like porches on either side. 
Within is a single large: 
room, with a fireplace in an 
inglenook, on one side of 


which is a toilet-room, and on 
the other a pantry. The The main stairway occupies one end of the living hall 


building is entirely inclosed 

with French windows, so that when opened the main room calls for so exhausting a word, is well worth the effort. The 

and the piazzas constitute a single apartment. view, as is the case with all views from the highlands of the 
The climb to this delightful spot, if indeed the exertion Hudson, is alike majestic and enchanting. To the east are 


teahouse The pergola and its flower beds 


AMERICAN HOMES 


The stately and dignified octagonal hall is surmounted with a dome 


gainst it, is the casino, or teah 
ither side of which extends a pergola, which 


The pergola has a rich architectural effect 


the great pines 


AND GARDENS arch, 1909 


edingly effective boun- 
dary to the garden. The 
floor of the casino is laid with 
red brick in herring-bone 
fashion, inclosed thin 
granite copin| 


The roof 
upported on 
Tonic columns, which are re- 
peated in the pergo The 
furnishings are in keeping 
with the c character of 
ign, and consist 
of a splendid Roman table 
and two Hermes standing be- 
tween the side columns. On 
the sides of the garden are 
micircular niches or r 
nter of each 
ue, with white 
on either side, 
being surrounded 
dendrons, above 


these, from which the beauty 
of the garden may be en- 
joyed. 

But the inte 
lian Court” i 
with the garder 

partly hidden from view by 


with which it is surrounded. It is built of 
stucco and is reached through a court inc 
turn, is returned at the ends, thus forming an admirable and wall. On the right of the c 


with a stucco 
‘arriage forecourt is the carriage 


The casino or teahouse 


March, 1909 


shed. Beyond is the spacious 
carriage house, behind which, 
and connected with it, 
stable, both d 


ge court beyond 

inclosed on two si 

rm buildings: wagon 
barn, sheep shed, wood shed, 
tool house and chicken 
houses. Continuing further 
up the hill from the stable 
one passes the gardener’s co 
tage and the mammoth con- 
seryator A little further 
on is the ice-house, half con- 
cealed underground, and still 
beyond is a rustic summer 
hoi built over a well of 
pure water. 

At the ve pex of the 
estate is a casino, a quaint 
stucco building, with pergola- 

porches on either side. 
Within is a single lar; 
room, with a fireplace in an 
inglenook, on one side of 
which is a toilet-room, and on 
th E The 

ng is entirely inclosed 
with French windows, so tha 
and the piazzas constitut 


The climb to this delightful spot, if indee 


AMERICAN HOMES 


ND GARDENS 


The main stairway occupies one end of the living hall 


when opened the main room 


ngle apartment. 


the exertion 


calls for so exhausting a w 
view, as is the 


is well worth the effort. The 


with all views from the highlands of the 


Hudson, is alike majestic and enchanting. To the east are 


The pergola and its flower beds 


90 AMERICAN HOMES AND CAD: March, 1909 


Ud 


——— 
WITT daa 


EG 
iS 
ee 
Ll 
2 
re 

P= 


The billiard room is trimmed with oak and is Flemish in design 


gi 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


room is Colonial in treatment 


ing- 


The din 


Too Hovse 


The stable and its forecourt 


AN 


cATNIUITI 


CarmaAce Koom 


BEBEGRRREDD 
7 a? 


The gardener’s cottage on the estate 


Plan of the stable 


g2 


the woods, to the north 
are the Hudson highlands, 
and to the west and south 
is the splendid Hudson 
River silently pursuing its 
journey to the sea. Above 
its shining surface on the 
farther side rise the rocky 
shores of two states, New 
York and New Jersey, 
here presenting a some- 
what formidable, yet won- 
derfully fascinating, front 
to the observer who views 
them from the east. 

One looks for just this 
outlook here, and _ one 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


conservatories 


March, 1909 


Plan of the casino 


finds, of course, precisely 
what one expects. The 
unexpected matters here 
comprise the estate itself, 
its fine house, its spacious 
stabling and conserva- 
tories, and its splendid 
garden. All these are as- 
sembled in orderly array 
and situated so as to yield 
the utmost of convenience 
and, at the same time, take 
the fullest advantage of 
the beautiful site selected 
for this house. 


March, 


1909 


Roses for Winter 
ig 


By Edith B. Welsh 


BANE of the sadnesses of the summer garden 
is the fact that its beauties last for such a 
short while. Too soon the winter comes, 
when we may search in vain for the gay 
blossems which held up their head so 
brightly to the warmer sun. But with a 
little care it is possible to preserve at any 

rate one of the most valued of our flowers, and in this way 

retain some of the loveliness of the border for the dull 
months. In this article a special method of treatment is in- 
dicated whereby roses may be dried, and, when required, 
brought back to a fair resemblance of their original beauty. 

The best time to set about this method of preserving roses 
is in the fall, when, owing to the cool weather, the flowers 
develop more slowly and are thus in every way better. 
Almost any of the larger kinds will answer the purpose well, 
and the blossoms should be gathered when in bud, just after 
the petals are mature and yet before they have started to 
unroll. Care should be taken to see that the buds are quite 
dry, and if they should have any moisture on them it is well 
to spread them out for a day or so in order that the dampness 
may pass away. As many roses as possible should be secured 
in order to make allowance for a certain number of failures; 
it is not to be expected that 
all will be entirely success- 
ful. 

With all the buds to be 
preserved gathered to- 
gether, the next step in the 
treatment may be taken up. 
Procure the lid of a tin can 
and round this twist a piece 
of wire in such a way that it 
can be held like a small pan. 
Now into the receptacle 
place a few lumps of candle 
wax; then holding the lid 
over a lighted candle. Take 
each rose bud and dip the 
end of the stalk in the 
melted wax, repeating the 
process several times so that 
a small lump of the sub- 
stance is formed on the end 
of the stem. Next, very 
carefully tie a small piece 


Wrap each bud up in thin paper 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93 


Pasting up the air tight tin box 


of silk twine round each of the buds—just tightly enough 
to keep in place without in any way injuring the petals. 

The next thing required will be one or more tin boxes. It 
is not recommended that these should be very large, those 
answering the purpose perhaps best of all being the small 
long-shaped biscuit boxes. The lids of these, as a rule, fit 
exceptionally well, and this is rather an important feature. 
‘Take some tissue paper and cut this into pieces each one of 
a size to accommodate a single rose bud. Wrap the flower 
head of each specimen in the paper, tying it securely at either 
end with silk. It may be as well here, perhaps, to insist 
again on the importance of each rose being absolutely free 
from any surface moisture, one example in a damp condition 
placed in a box being sufficient to spoil the whole of the 
contents. When the roses are wrapped up they may be 
packed away in the boxes, each of which has been previously 
lined with wadding. ‘The buds may be put in fairly closely, 
as long as they are not really crushed when the lid is put on. 
In order to make the box doubly air tight it is well to paste 
thin strips of paper round the joints of the lid. All the boxes 
as they are loaded with buds should be placed in a closet; it 
is important that the temperature should be well maintained, 
although the boxes must not be put in a really hot place. 

The roses may now be 
left just as they are for a 
period of two or three 
months; longer than this it 
is scarcely advisable to leave 
the buds. When it is de- 
cided to revive the sleeping 
ing flowers the boxes may 
be opened and the buds 
taken out one by one. Ex- 
treme care must now be 
exercised in the handling of 
the specimens, as they will 
be in a very brittle state, 
and it is very easy to dam- 
age them in this condition. 
Gently unwrap each bud, 
and with a small pair of 
scissors cut away the silken 


bands which encircle the 
petals. Next take a basin 


full of hot—not boiling— 
water. Now take each bud 


94 AMERICAN 


and with a stout pair of scissors 
make a clean cut through the 
stalk a fraction of an inch above 
the sealed end. As soon as this 
has been carried out the stalk 
should be immediately immersed 
‘n the basin of hot water, each 
specimen being allowed to remain 
in the liquid for five minutes. 
Now prepare a large bowl full 
of clean fresh water into which 
has been cast a small handful ot 
common salt. Into this all the 
roses may be placed as soon as 
they have been treated with the 
hot water, care being taken to see 
that only the stalks are in the 
fluid. Now convey the whole 
thing to a perfectly dark and 
rather warm cupboard, where 
the awakening flower should be 
allowed to stay for several hours. 
At the end of this time, if the 
experiment has been carried 
through on the proper lines, it 
will be observed that the roses 
are beginning to take on much 
of their former loveliness, 
and in a short while they 
will develop into much of 
their original beauty. 

Of course, a proportion 
are bound to be failures, no 
matter how carefully the 
roses may have been se- 
lected in the first instance. 
Still with moderate success 
the worker will feel amply 
repaid for any trouble taken 
on account of the value 
which roses assume in the 
depths of winter. The 
treatment might be em- 
ployed at any time of the 
year, when roses were avail- 
able for the purpose. 

Like many household 
arts this simple experiment 


should not be undertaken without a very ample preparedness 
for failure. I have already pointed this out more than once, 
and while I do not wish to discourage those who may be 


HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


Taking the buds out in winter 


interested enough in this process 
to undertake it, it is but fair that 
a further word of caution should 
be added. 

One should not, however, be 
altogether deterred from _ the 
possibility of failure from mak- 
ing the attempt. The process is 
simple enough, and calls for no 
complexity of apparatus. Nor, 
indeed, need one go beyond the 
resources of the ordinary house- 
hold for the necessary materials. 
This in itself is one of the 
charms of the experiment. It is 
something every one may do 
and do easily and quite without 
expense. Moreover, if but a 
few of the roses survive the 
period of repose and experimen- 
tation, a few only will yield sufh- 
cient compensation, not only 
through the novelty of their 
unusual blooming, but through 
the sense of satisfaction that one 
will feel that so simple and so 
beautiful an experiment should 
have yielded some result. 

Perhaps it is a difficult 
thing to have too many 
roses in summer; one fairly 
longs and yearns for the 
blooming time to hasten, 
once it seems about to 
arrive. But one cannot 
have this royal flower in 
the winter season without 
great expense, and then not 
always in a_ satisfactory 
way. The plan here out- 
lined offers delightful 
opportunities of rose-enjoy- 
ment at a time of year 
when roses are not only 
scarce, but are positively 
unknown in the ordinary 
house. And they will be 
real roses too, but strangely 


artificial ones that are sometimes offered to the enjoyment of 
the rose lover, who, however, knows but the real flower, and 
can have no patience with the most skilful imitation. 


27; racy a 


The living wing of the house and studio 


Homes of American Artists 


An Artist’s Home in Rose Valley 
By Ralph de Martin 


HERE is a very great and widespread in- having their separate painting rooms. The house as it 
terest in the dwelling places of artists, due in now stands was actually built and arranged for its present 
part, no doubt, to the popular impression owners by Messrs. Price and McLanahan, architects, of 
that these children of genius must know ex- Philadelphia; yet in fact the structure was, in its primitive 
actly how to build and furnish, but possibly form, an ancient stone barn, transformed, modified, and 
behind this there is the little understood, but made over into studios, while the house part is a wholly 
nevertheless notable, fact that of all our new addition built for its present use. 


contemporaries the artist is alone likely to achieve immortal- To transform an old house into a new one is very often 


ity, since the artist 
alone is likely to 
have his work 
handed down to the 
admiration of pos- 
terity. Meanwhile, 
however, the artist 
must live, and to live 
must have a place to 
live in; and, above 
all, is especially for- 
tunate if the house 
be an individual one, 
either completely in- 
dividual from its 
first upbuilding, or 
transformed and 
modified and given 
individual character 
by its occupant. 
The Stephens 
house in Rose Val- 
ley, owned and oc- 
cupied by Mr. and 
Mrs. Charles H. 
Stephens, is the 
home of two artists, 
both husband and 
wife being artists of 
wide fame. It is 
both a home and a 
studio, or rather two 
studios, both Mr. 
and Mrs. Stephens 


as difficult a prob- 
lem as the architect 
is called upon to 
handle; the diff- 
culty of such a task 
is very much height- 
ened when the in- 
itial structure is a 
barn, a building 
erected primarily 
for very many uses, 
but never under any 
circumstances as a 
living place for a 
twentieth century 
family. The old 
barn, however, 
formed an admir- 
able starting point 
for the present con- 
siderable house, 
since studio require- 
ments are very spe- 
Gale cad Pinn'e stor 
ample space and en- 
tailing difficult 
problems in lighting. 
In a measure, how- 
even, it formed a 
very natural begin- 
ning for the studio 
portion of the house, 
and has been so 
utterly transformed 


The pergola 


96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


that no hint of its 
primitive use now 
remains. On the 
contrary, its high 
walls and spacious 
windows proclaim 
aloud the fact that 
studios are within, 
and in this external 
expression of a great 
internal truth one of 
the most important 
of architectural 
canons is set forth in 
the most direct way 
possible. 

Starting as it did 
with the studio, the 
dwelling portions 


may,in! a sen) sic, 
seem an annex to it. 
As a matter of fact, the dwelling house loses nothing of its 


The 


individuality by reason of the proximity of the studio. 
latter is, indeed, the special reason why this 
house was built here; but the importance, 
the cardinal importance of the dwelling is 
not the less marked because of this circum- 
stance. The truth is, the whole building is 
a most picturesque pile, the dwelling house 
having a deflected dining and service wing 
on one end, and the great double studio on 
the other. The elements here called for pic- 
turesque treatment, and this has been availed of 
by the architects in a very complete manner. A first 
story of stone, in harmony with the older stonework of 
the studio, is surmounted by a second overhanging story 
of stucco. Charming bay windows, quaint dormers in 
the roof, a massive stone chimney, a plainly treated gable, 
these and other legitimate architectural devices harmoniously 
designed and combined give an exterior of unusual charm 
that proclaims aloud the artistic character of the architecture 
quite as much as it makes known the artistic callings of the 
occupants. It is an artist’s house from base to peak, from 
end to end; an artist’s house devoid of the eccentricity that 
sometimes obtains in such dwellings, but beautiful and quaint 
throughout, thoroughly agreeable to look at and, as we shall 
immediately see, thoroughly agreeable to live in and work in. 


End wall of the studio 


March, 1909 
N ot withstanding 
the apparently ir- 
regular shape of the 
house, its plan offers 
no difficulties, and is 
of the simplest. A 
simple little porch, 
with wooden steps 
incased within a 
stone base, with a 
lofty stone pier on 
one side and the 
house wall on the 
other, forms the ap- 
proach to a vesti- 
bule or entrance 
hall, which is actu- 
ally a passageway 
between the living- 
room and the 
dining-room. 

The living-room is on the right, and occupies the whole 
of the first floor to the studio wing, except for the staircase, 
which occupies a great octagonal tower-like extension that is 
a conspicuous feature of the inner front. It is a vast room, 
lighted by groups of windows on each front, with a third 
group giving upon the entrance porch. It is treated 

in a highly original manner, the window openings 
having quite flat segmental 
arches without moldings, 
while arches of similar 


Plan of the first floor 


form span the recess in 
which the fireplace stands and 
the opening by which the 
room is entered. Of entrance doorway there is none at all, 
the opening archway from the hallway being supported by 


A picturesque group of studio and dwelling 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 97 


two columns of stained 
wood, a low wall filling in 
the lower space on either 
side, while the central space 
forms the entrance. The 
wood trim is limited to a 
narrow base mold and shelf 
rail that runs completely 
around the room, serving as 
capitals for the entrance col- 
umns. Undoubtedly the 
striking feature of this room 
is its wall covering of fig- 
ured Japanese paper; the 
ceiling is covered with a 
plain tint paper with suf- 
ficient yellow to harmonize 
with the gold of the walls. 
This striking and unusual 
wall covering forms a rich 
background for the Japa- 
nese prints and other ob- 
jects used 

for wall The living-room looking toward the fireplace 
deco- 

rations. The open archway of the effect to which the architectural forms here so readily 
living-room gives an agreeable lend themselves. The fireplace occupies one corner and 
adjoins the bay window of the entrance front. 
The studio of Mrs. Stephens, who is best known by her 
full name of Mrs. Alice Barber Stephens, 
is entered by a short stairway that adjoins 
the main stairway. It is a vast room with 
a beamed ceiling, and a fireplace under an 
arch built in the entrance wall. Each of the 
remaining three sides is lit with windows, 
one of which gives upon the great stone 
porch that is a conspicuous feature of the 
exterior. [he studio of Mr. Stephens is 
above. The oak beams of the barn roof 
are still visible, while a veritable flood of 
light 1s admitted by three great windows. 
beyond it. It is wood paneled throughout to Contrary to popular belief, there is no mys- 
the base of the arched ceiling with which it is tery in an artist’s studio. Space and light 
covered. The rich gold paper of the living- —light of the right kind, and preferably 
room is used for the ceiling here, a splendid crown to a_ from the north—is all that is desired. These are the es- 
charming room. Old time furniture adds to the quaint sential requirements, and such fittings and draperies, such 


: IS iLO 
and _pictur- 
esque out- 
look across 
the hall to 
the dining- 


Plan of the second floor 
room be- 


There is now no hint that an ancient stone barn was the nucleus from which the house was developed 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The studio of Mrs.’Alice Barber Stephens 


March, 1909 


sketches and ornaments as 
individual taste may require, 
are matters of quite secon- 
dary importance. These 
lesser features are not want- 
ing in the Stephens’ studios, 
yet the satisfaction their 
skilled owners take in them 
is surely and chiefly for 
their workmanly avail- 
ability. Naturally enough, 
in this home of artists, they 
quite dominate everything. 
An artist’s home is not 
only a place where artists 
live, but a home that is 
artistic in the truest sense. 
One follows naturally from 
the other. An artist must 
be artistic, and the artist’s 
home must, therefore, rep- 
resent the artistic tempera- 
ment in every aspect. This 
means household _ taste, 
which is something quite 
apart from household deco- 
ration. A study of a home 
like the one here described 
and illustrated will help to 
make these statements clear. 


March, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Ke) 
\o 


The Roadway and the Grounds 


By John Carey Edwards 


BVIOUSLY if one has a house one must have 

Y a road to it; obviously also, if one has a 
country house, there must be a house road 
that is connected with the public highway 
without the grounds. Here, then, is a real 
problem for decorative treatment and de- 
velopment, not often neglected, it is true, 
but sometimes not always realized to the utmost. ‘The pub- 
lic road is, of course, public property, and is paid for and 
supported by public funds. Rural communities do not always 
rise to the requirements of the highly decorative places that 
frequently abut upon the public roads, and in such unfortu- 
nate circumstances the private owner is compelled, if he 
would possess a place completely beautiful, to maintain his 
own piece of public road in his own standard of excellence. 
There have been many instances of such pieces of road- 
making in America, and, doubtless, there will be many more, 
to the double advantage of the estates upon such roads and 
the beauty and convenience of the property owners in general. 
The public highway, whether maintained by the local au- 
thorities or by the property owner, is an integral part of 
every estate that borders upon it. This proposition is so 
self-evident that it 
would seem to re- 
quire neither argu- 
ment nor illustration 
to support it; yet it 
is not without value 
to bring together, as 
has been done on the 
adjoining pages, a 
number of views of 
estate roadways, of 
roads without and 
within the estate, as 
object lessons in 
roadway treatment, 
and as explaining, as 
illustrations alone 
can do, the very 
great decorative 
value of handsome 


road borders and 
beautiful entrance- 
ways. 


The proper in- 
closure of the estate 
grounds is a matter 
often hotly debated. 
To fence, or not to 
fence, is a question 
that has supporters 
for both sides. Shall 
there be a solid ce- 
ment wall? Or a 
wall of stone, high 
or low? Or a 
wooden fence? Or 
a boundary of 
shrubbery? Or a 
lofty fence of iron? 
Shall the treatment 


A monumental entrance and roadway 


be monumental or unpretentious? Shall the public be rigidly 
shut out, or shall it be permitted to view some of the beauties 
within? Or shall there be no inclosure at all? 

As a matter of fact the question is not one to be determined 
by any one general rule. The fencing or inclosing is a part 
of the treatment of the house grounds, an integral feature 
in the landscape effect. ‘There is, therefore, a natural and 
wide field for boundary treatment, which, in most cases, is 
really a question of personal taste rather than the following 
of any set series of rules. 

On the question of fence or no fence there is this to be 
said: the inclosure of small grounds, as in a village street, 
offers a very different problem from that which obtains in 
the inclosure of a considerable estate, embracing many acres. 
A row of small houses, each standing on a small plot of 
ground, rigidly fenced from each other and from the street, 
presents a very different problem from the large house 
standing in the midst of spacious grounds with perhaps no 
other residence in sight. It should be very clear, in the 
latter case, that no oversight can be maintained over the 
grounds in general unless there is a well defined line of 
demarcation, and no way at all of indicating individual 
ownership of large 
grounds on the high- 
way border, save by 
an inclosure of some 


sort. 
Hence for large 
estates, and often 


for small ones, we 
are likely always to 
have some inclosure 
of one kind or an- 
other; and this, as 
has already been set 
forth, is a matter de- 
pendent upon the 
whole treatment of 
the grounds and of 
the individual per- 
sonal taste shown in 
the development of 
that treatment. 
Very apparently, 
therefore, there is an 
amplitude of ways 
in which this prob- 
lem may be met and 
solved. The iillus- 
trations which ac- 
company this article 
show many of these, 
and each of them is 
full of suggestion 
and interest. A 
border of grass is, 
of course, quite uni- 
versal, since the art 
of the landscape 
gardener knows no 
more useful nor 
beautiful material. 


100 AMERICAN HO 


jr 
pe 
| 


il 
nt 


co EPO Se ana 


Entrance gates and roadway A beautifully planted road border 


AND GARDENS 101 


A pleasant stretch of road 


tlh 
i I 
ale valli, 


A California road and entrance 


A roadway in the woods 


100 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 101 


A simple road entrance A formal planting of evergreens A pleasant stretch of road 


ill, 
alle sll, 


Entrance gates and roadway A beautifully planted road border 


A roadway in the woods A California road and entrance 


102 


Many a fine property has its roadways bounded on both sides 
by wide stretches of lawn alone, a method always beautiful, 
but wanting somewhat in color and warmth. A treeless 
roadway is seldom a thing of beauty, even when the eye is 
carried across a broad greened space to woods and trees in 
the distance. One can not do much in landscape decoration 
without trees and shrubbery; and after the grassed border 
the problem advances to the next stage of shrubbery treat- 
ment and trees. Here, as the illustrations show, there is the 
very widest latitude for individuality of effect. Trees of one 
kind, or lofty shrubs, may be planted in solid rows or spaced, 
with or without lower shrubbery between them. A great 
garland of rhododendrons may be swung beneath the forest 
trees if the roadway is fortunate enough to pass beneath the 
survivors of the primeval growth. Beds and borders of 
gaily blooming flowers may preempt the foreground, and 
constitute a veritable illuminated border until the brilliant 
picture is closed by a wooded growth some distance within. 

The real problem is one of design, and in quite the same 
sense as the design of the house. It means care and atten- 
tion. It means taste and ability to design. And it means, 
quite as much as anything, the utilization of natural condi- 
tions. It is true enough, in these days of large plantings, 
that whole trees can be transplanted at practically any period 
of growth; and not a few property owners will point, with 
quite justifiable pride, to beautifully wooded estates that at 
the beginning were treeless, plantless, barren wastes. All 
this is true enough, but one need not effect such wholesale 
transformation from the sheer love of change. Any con- 
siderable landscape work is an expensive undertaking, and 
the really fortunate owner is the one who has, within his 
estate, such natural beauties as lend themselves to further 
beautification. Certainly such a one is better off than he 
who must bring every tree and bush to his grounds, exactly 
as he has had transported every piece of iron and wood and 
stone and other material that has entered into the construc- 
tion of his dwelling. 

And he is especially fortunate when his border lines lend 
themselves to decorative treatment. ‘The first impression of 
a place is gained from without. External beauty must begin 


casnifhn sath a 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 
at the most external point. And this brings us back to the 
original proposition, that the external border must be sub- 
jected to artistic treatment, and that the relation of the home 
road to the public road must be effected in a beautiful and 
agreeable manner, in keeping with the landscape properties 
of the estate and consonant with the scale upon which it is 
planned and maintained. 

How this shall be done is not so important as the doing of 
something. ‘he question of posts and gateways, of arches, 
pillars and wails are matters to be determined by an intimate 
study of the particular problem involved. Each has a value 
of its own, each has its own work to do, and each does it in 
its own way. Ihe problem is one of fitness and beauty. Ifa 
definite emphasis is desired at the entrance—and a post or 
pier, a column or arch is a definite emphasis—it is useless to 
discuss these matters in the abstract, but only in their rela- 
tionship to the individual problem under consideration. And 
the aspect of beauty is quite of the same sort. It is not so 
much what shall be used, as how it is used. And over and 
above all other considerations, first and foremost the supreme 
test, the only thing to be considered, is the result good and 
beautiful? Does it answer the desired requirements of indi- 
viduality, fitness, beauty and utility? Is it the right thing 
in the right place? If these questions be answered in the 
afirmative there will be little fault found in the matter of 
cost. 

A final word on what each one shall do for his own place. 
It is well to remember that the solution adopted by others, 
no matter how successful or how beautiful it may be, may 
not answer at all for another problem which has a different 
environment, or which is developed under different condi- 
tions, or which calls, as it certainly will call, for special and 
individual treatment. ‘The illustrations here presented have 
each their own point of excellence and advantage, but these 
excellencies and advantages cannot be divorced from .the 
physical conditions under which they were developed. ‘This 
is the great crux of all landscape work. General advice fails 
utterly when applied to such matters, and it is only the indi- 
vidual study, the individual treatment, the individual solution 
that admits of success and actually obtains it. 


Ler z= 3 


KEARAEAEAESE “bb aBx cess GCG 
i 


| RRNA 


A broad driveway gives stateliness to the entrance = 


=e | 


March, 


1909 


from the sim- 
ple types of 
the y loaw eur 
orders, up to the most elabo- 
rate forms in the highly 
specialized groups. The varia- 
tion in size is no less a matter 
for astonishment. ‘The tiniest 
leaves of all are so little that 
it is not easy to think of any- 
thing smaller; while ranging 
upward from these there is a 
scale composed of individuals 
ever increasing in_ bigness, 
leading us on to huge speci- 
mens which are the marvels of 
the vegetable kingdom. And 
yet the purpose of foliage all 
the world over is the same, in 
a general sense—to carry out 
the respiration of the plant. 
It may not be uninteresting to 
speculate upon the diversity in 
the forms of the larger leaves, 
and to inquire as to the benefits 
which the plants derive from 
the special designs in a few of 
the most striking instances. 
There is no getting away 
from the fact that the plant 


with very large leaves is at a distinct disadvantage, and it is 
not quite easy to see by what process certain species have 
become possessed of these kuge organs. 


thought that the all- 
powerful natural se- 
lection would have 
tended to modify 
the size of foliage, 
had not the facts, as 
far as some plants 
are concerned at any 
rate, shown other- 
wise. Plants with 
large leaves are al- 
most world wide in 
distribution if we 
except the Arctic 
regions, and those 
desolate wastes of 
scorching sand 
which will support 
little vegetation at 
all unless it be of a 
succulent habit. 

In the first place 
the plant with big 
leaves has one im- 
portant difficulty to 


HERE are few things which impress the 
RAN k=—IY student of plant life more than the amazing 
diversity exhibited in the designs of leaves. 
The foliage of vegetation varies in shape, 


Giant Leaves 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


organs. 


By Warnes « riage 


The modern cabbage leaf as developed by cultivation 


One would have 


The Gunnera is a giant pie plant, with long stems and ample leaves 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 103 


contend against—it can not produce very many of these 
Thus if any part of the foliage is damaged the 
plant is likely to suffer pretty badly, for in some instances 
injury to one leaf might actually involve a sixth of the whole 


tree. Again, although some 
of the examples under con- 
sideration grow very rapidly, 
in the majority of cases it may 
be said that it takes relatively 
a long time to develop a new 
leaf if it has to be a very big 
one; and while this replacing 
is going on the plant will be 
suffering the loss of an im- 
portant part of its being. But 
perhaps a still greater draw- 
back to the big leaf, from the 
point of view of the economy 
of the plant, is the risk which 
it will run from wind damage. 
This is really a very serious 
matter indeed, and, as will be 
pointed out later, one which 
some very ingenious contriy- 
ances have been called forth 
to deal with. Lastly, the 
evaporation of moisture, al- 
ways an important question in 
the plant world, will be much 
greater from a broad expanse 
than from a much restricted 
area.. In this connection it is 
also instructive to observe that 
most of the species with large 


leaves find their natural home where water is abundant; 
some of them being even semi-aquatic in habit, and one of 
the most amazing plants being wholly so. 


One is continually 
brought face to face 
with the fact that 
there must be some 
law of compensa- 
tion. An animal or 
a plant is lacking in 
one particular direc- 
tion, but to make up 
for this more often 
than not it is fav- 
ored in some other 
Wada One Can 
hardly find a better 
instance of this than 
m the banana 
(Musa), a_ species 
of which has leaves 
ten or twelve feet in 
length. These great 
organs are nothing 
like so tough as one 
would think they 
should be in con- 
sideration of their 


104 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


size, and as a consequence suffer very much 
harm in more ways than one. In the mat- 
ter of wind damage there is no tropical tree 
which is more grievous a victim. Any 
visitor to a banana plantation knows that 
after a fairly fresh breeze the leaves of the 
trees are simply shredded into ribbons and 
the foliage otherwise torn and bruised. But 
to make up for this serious deficiency the 
banana is one of those plants gifted with 
the power of most remarkably rapid 
growth. It is said that these leaves will 
extend upward at the rate of ten inches or 
even more in a single night, and it will 
thus be seen that it does not take very long 
for the banana to make good any damage 
which it may have sustained. Indeed the 
vigor evidenced in the Musa tribe is one of 
the most extraordinary things in the whole 
plant world, when it is remembered that 
throughout the whole of its existence the 
tree does not cease to bear flower and fruit. 

One can well pardon the popular fancy 
which has dubbed the Gunnera a giant pie- 
plant. With its long stems and ample 
leaves, it looks very much like the humble 
species of our gardens, but on what a pro- 
digious scale! A tall man standing by a 
well grown example of Gunnera is quite be- 
littled, and yet this tremendous growth is 
made in a few short months. Most of the 
Gunneras are semi-aquatic in habit, and all 
are indigenous to the American continent, 
and in many ways it must be admitted that 
their size and habit render them fit to rank 
with the wonders of the earth. But in 
addition to the fact that these plants grow 
quickly, an examination of their foliage will 
show that their leaves, big as they are, can 
not come to much harm. ‘The general tex- 
ture of the great organs is tough, and the 
cells are so arranged that evaporation of 
moisture will not go on at an undue rate. 
Moreover, by a nice adjustment, unless the 
plant is almost growing with the roots in 
water, it will not develop leaves of the 
largest size. The stem bearing aloft the 
huge leaf is hard and fibrous, unusually 
strong for one which is not at all woody. 
In fact the whole appearance of the Gun- 
nera gives an impression of robustness and 
strength which is not often present in spe- 
cies of its class. In passing, it may be men- 
tioned that these plants are of easy culture, 
and should appeal to the gardener on ac- 
count of the great effect which a few 
specimens will give. 

Many of the Aroidee are most interest- 
ing plants on account of the size of the 
foliage which they produce. Some of the 
members of a large genus (Anthurium), 
commonly grown under glass as foliage 
plants, develop very big leaves even under 
artificial conditions. A species known as 
A. brownii not infrequently produces leaves 
as much as four or even five feet in length. 
The leaves of these species are of sub- 
stantial texture and peculiarly well pro- 
tected against damage from wind. It is 
The single leaf of the South African elephant’s ear is beautifully curved and ribbed interesting to observe the manner in which 


It ba, 
|| 


aT LPT 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 105 


every vein of the leaf branching out from 
the mid-rib, instead of terminating at the 
extreme border, turns round in a curve and 
loops up with the one beneath it. Thus a 
kind of selvedge is formed which practically 
encircles the whole of the leaf, the value 
of which to check anything in the way of 
tearing is at once apparent. Most of the 
Anthuriums produce leaves which are really 
of very great beauty, and not a few species 
flower in a very attractive fashion, and on 
this account these tropical plants are in 
great requisition for the warm house. 

Another interesting plant belonging to 
the Aroidee is Monstera deliciosa, not un- 
commonly seen in large conservatories. 
The species produce very big leaves, thick 
and leathery in constitution, but still their 
very clumsiness would render them exceed- 
ingly liable to be injured. Instead of the 
border, which was so striking a feature in 
the Anthuriums, it is seen that the edge of 
the leaf is split up so that it forms a kind 
of a fringe; indeed one .may say that it is 
torn already and will therefore not be likely 
to suffer much more hurt. The strange 
fillets in the interior part of the leaf will 
catch the eye at once, and it may not be 
out of place to inquire for a moment what 
is the meaning of this rather unusual fea- 
ture. Under natural conditions the plant 
rambles up tall trees, and as there is a good 
deal of likelihood that the large leaves 
would obscure the light from each other 
the holes in the organs serve a very useful 
purpose. They act as kinds of windows to 
the leaf which happens to be underneath, 
letting through the light and possibly the 
air which otherwise would be excluded. 

Many plants related to the Arums pro- 
duce large leaves. A Central American 
species known as Dracontium gigas has 
been known to develop leaves which were 
no less than fourteen feet long. It is said 
that the whole plant is a most remarkable 
spectacle from the fact that the stem of this 
colossal leaf is beautifully mottled with 
purple and yellow, and has been compared 
“to a huge snake standing erect at the bid- 
ding of an Eastern charmer.” But even 
here we do not reach the limit of what is 
possible in the way of giant foliage. Some 
of the achievments of the Sago palms in 
this direction throw everything else into the 
shade. Not so long ago one which, it may 
be observed, was in captivity, startled its 
owner by sending out a leaf which was 
estimated to be more than forty feet in 
measurement. As a matter of fact it is 
likely that this particular specimen would 
have been even longer than this had it been 
possible to allow it a freer growth than it 
could get under glass. Of course, in the 
open under very favorable conditions even 
this would be exceeded, though, as it may 
be imagined, the chances that such a great 
leaf would come to grief are very great 
indeed. 

As a general rule the water plants can 
not be said to be the possessors of very 


Anthurium leaves of immense size 


106 


large leaves, but to this 
there is one very strik- 
ing exception. Most 
people are now more or 
less familiar with the 
giant water lily (Vic- 
toria regia), specimens 
of which are not un- 
commonly to be seen in 
botanical gardens. Per- 
haps few are aware that 
this plant is an annual, 
the whole of its enorm- 
ous growth being made 
in a few months. On 
account of the fact that 
the edge of the leaf of 
this water lily is turned 
up, its supporting 
power is very consider- 
able. Wery fine ‘€x- 
amples! shave) been 
known to bear a man 
sitting on a chair, al- 
though it is only fair to 
say that the average 
leaf would not support 
such a weight. 

In reviewing the 
question of big leaves 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The banana leaf is one of the largest grown in nature 


March, 1909 
it would be out of place 
not to refer to what 
man has done to in- 
crease the size of the 
foliage of plants for his 
own ends. This is well 
instanced in the case of 
the cabbage, a plant for 
whose ancestry we must 
look to a most insignifi- 
cant species with small 
leaves. It is perhaps 
one of the greatest tri- 
umphs of the horticul- 
tural world that out of 
this useless plant (Bras- 
sica oleracaea) has been 
created such a vast num- 
ber of varieties of such 
great value to the whole 
race of mankind. The 
cabbage only produces 
its large leaves because 
it has been made to do 
so, and it will soon re- 
vert to something like 
its natural state if left 
unsurrounded by all the 
stimuli of artificial cul- 
ture for any time. 


The Compost Heap 


By Ida D. Bennett 


NE of the first necessities of gardening is 
good soil; this is not always available, as 
the entire land at command may be of a 
nature unsuited for the growing of either 
flowers or vegetables; this is especially apt 
to be the case in small city lots where gravel, 
hard pan and the earth thrown out in ex- 

cavating for the foundations of the house form the bulk of 

the soil. Leaf mold or humus, which being translated means 
simply vegetable matter decayed, without the aid of water, 
in distinction from muck, which is produced by the decay 
of vegetable matter in contact with water, as the muck of 
marshes or that at the bottom of ponds, is available to the 
dweller in the country or village to some extent and forms 
one of the most practical means of renewing or building up 

a wasted or impracticable soil; but as leaf mold is often un- 

obtainable from natural sources, there is no reason why 

one should not manufacture their own leaf mold or humus, 
as the materials are always close at hand demanding disposal 
of some sort. 

If all the rubbish in the way of dead leaves, plants, manure 
and the like is piled in some out of the way corner to decay 
it will in time result in a fine black soil or mold. Mingled 
with a clear, sharp sand, they together form an ideal potting 
soil for many varieties of plants, and also an important in- 
gredient in good compost, and, as a top dressing for a poor 
soil, is unsurpassed. 

There is very little decayed vegetable matter or other 
matter, except animal, which may not be turned to account 
to increase the fertility of the soil—feathers, old paper and 
rags, bones, sawdust and all the vegetable matter which is 
removed from the yard in the spring and fall cleaning and 
which accumulated during the summer. The slops from the 


laundry and kitchen should, if possible, be deposited on the 
compost heap; manure may be added to it with advantage, 
and the whole mass may be forked over occasionally to 
facilitate decay. Of course the leaves from the lawn will 
form the nucleus of the heap, and leaves produce the very 
finest of leaf mold—just that quality we procure from the 
woods—and it seems a great pity that such great quantities 
of them are destroyed each fall by fire when, with a little 
thought, so valuable an addition to the garden could be 
secured. 

Having provided for the leaf mold it may not be amiss to 
secure a reasonable amount of fibrous loam for the compost 
which will be needed for the geraniums and roses; for this 
one may pile sods in alternate layers with cow manure, lay- 
ing the sods grass sides down and forking them over occa- 
sionally to hasten decay and the breaking up of the sod, or 
sods may be cut and the under surface of the earth cut away 
just below the crown of the grass, and the soil thus obtained 
piled in a heap ready to use, the grassy top being relegated 
to the compost heap. This mixed with leaf mold and old, 
well-decayed manure makes the compost best suited for the 
potting of the majority of house plants and those grown in 
tubs for terrace and piazza decoration in summer, and, it 
goes without saying, is all that can be desired for the flower 
garden. 

The compost heap need not necessarily be an unsightly 
object, as it may have some easily grown, rank vine planted 
about it to cover and adorn—as gourds, some of which are 
very ornamental. It should be inclosed in a frame of wood 
or pickets to keep it within tidy bounds; especially is this the 
case if exposed to the depredations of chickens, which aid 
materially in its reduction to the desired condition. Old 
window blinds make an excellent frame. 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 107 


The Residence of Friend A. Russ, Esq. 


“Rock Ridge,” Greenwich, Connecticut 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


“3S ONE turns aside from the broad avenue The hall is trimmed with chestnut stained and finished in 
' leading from Greenwich village through the a dark brown. ‘The halls are paneled, rising up to an open 
stone gateway which marks the entrance to. gallery, the sides of which are hung with crimson figured 
Mr. Russ’s country residence, there stretches silk. The staircase has a handsomely carved newel post, 
out before him a long drive of smooth balustrade and rail. 
macadam, bordered on the one side by a The music-room is reached from the hall by a rise of three 
magnificent tangle of trees and sparkling steps. It is a great room built over the porte cochere, and 
streams, and on the other by a well kept lawn, 
studded with flowering shrubs. This driveway 
winds to the house, which stands on a knoll over- 
looking Long Island Sound. It is a unique house, 
built of stone and wood with English half- 
timbered characteristics. 

The first story is built of huge boulders laid 
up at random with broad white mortar joints. 
The second story is covered with shingles left to 
weather finish, while the trimmings are stained 
and finished in a soft brown.. The roof is cov- 
ered with a similar shingle work. The entrance 
is from the porte cochere or from the hooded 
porch at the side of the porte cochere. Both 
entrance ways are built with brick floors laid in 
herring-bone fashion. 


The walls of the music-room are covered with yellow 
watered silk and the trimmings are ivory-white 


has a “Haddon Hall” ceiling designed in a geo- 
metrical form. ‘The walls are hung with yellow 
watered silk, and the trimmings are painted ivory- 
white. Renaissance lace draperies in one panel 
are hung at the windows. The bay window at 
one end is provided with a seat upholstered in 

yellow silk. The floor is laid with parquetry. 
From the hall three steps descend to the living- 
room, which is on a different level. ‘This living- 
room is also trimmed with chestnut and is stained 
brown, finished with a green stain rubbed into the 
grain of the wood, with a harmonious effect. The 
ceiling has heavily molded beams forming panels. 
The inglenook is the feature of the room, with 
a great hooded canopy handsomely carved and 
The chief characteristic of the den is its treatment with Japanese placed above it. It has a pressed brick fireplace 
fariitare and decorations ‘ and a Welsh tile hearth and floor extending over 


te AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Marchitaeee 


in chestnut, finished in a 

soft brown tone. It is fin- &§ 
ished throughout in Japa- 
nese style, with cabinets, 
chairs and ornaments. 

The dining-room is on a 
level with the hall, and is 
trimmed with brown stained 
chestnut. The ceiling is 
paneled and the flat surface 
is covered with Dutch 
mettle lacquered in antique 
gold. The walls are cov- 
ered with tapestry paper. 
The fireplace has an imita- 
tion Caen stone mantel and 
brick facings and hearth. 
The partition between the 
living-room and dining- 
room is filled in with case- 
ment windows glazed with 
leaded glass. 

The butler’s pantry is 
fitted with dumbwaiter and 
drawers, dressers and cup- 
boards complete. Stairs lead 
to the kitchen, which is 
placed in the basement. 
There is also a laundry, 

The inglenook of the living-room is its great feature with a handsomely pantry, heating-room and 

carved canopy built above it fuel rooms in the basement. 

The second story is di- 

the entire opening. On either side of the fireplace are leaded vided into five bedrooms, two bathrooms and a den for Mrs. 
glass windows and paneled seats, with book shelves built Russ. These rooms are finished with white painted trim 
in above. The walls are hung with green silk, and the and walls decorated with artistic color schemes. The bath- 
draperies are in harmony to correspond. rooms have tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fix- 

The den, which is off the living-room, has paneled walls tures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor is 


a ge 


< SSI ~ 


TTC ccc 


. y 
Qin e 


Living Room. 


ee ee ll 
TT ‘HNN nt JINN ] 


min 
jz 


FALL 


| = 
Pal 


Reception HALL 
& Music Room- 


Plan of first floor The house is picturesque with rough stone for th 


March, 1909 


reached by two stairways, 
one of which ascends to the 
billiard-room and extra 
guest room, and the other is 
a private way for the serv- 
ants to their rooms. 

The architects, Messrs. 
Kirby, Petit & Green, of 
New York, used great care 
when they designed this 
house, for the reason that 
it had to meet certain re- 
quirements. The highest 
point of the estate was se- 
lected for the site on 
account of its commanding 
position and the magnif- 
cent views obtained from it. 
The house was built with 
its end toward the roadway 
in order to secure the south- 
ern exposure for all the 
principle _ living-rooms, 
while the music-room, 
which was placed on the 
northwest side of the house, 
receives the glowing tints of 
the setting sun in the late 
afternoon. 

It was quite important 
that the principle living- 
rooms of the house be 
placed so that they secure the early morning sun in winter 
and the prevailing breezes from the sea in summer, and it 
was particular important that the sleeping-rooms be arranged 
in a similar manner; this is a point which has been very care- 
fully considered in the designing of this house. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The dining-room has a Caen stone mantel with fireplace faced with brick. The woodwork is 


of chestnut stained brown 


The landscape work about the grounds has been quite 
extensive. All the corners of the roadway which winds in 
from the main thoroughfare are planted with an artistic 
profusion of growing plants and shrubs. 

A similar planting is done about the house. 


rst story, and natural shingles for the second 


L_- 


RooF 


Coveren Porcn 


BED Room. ONAN. RooM, 
T 
| cos. 
tos. 
AALL 
oe 
os as) ee 
Bo Saas aaa 
Room 
Baty ees | 
Room, DEN ee) Se 
\ 
o Ci 
/ — 
—— — — SS 


Pins ane 
Z 


pa 


| 


Plan of second floor 


108 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


in chestnut, finished in a 
soft brown tone. It is fin- 
ished throughout in Japa- 
nese style, with cabinets, 
chairs and ornaments. 

The dining-room is on a 
level with the hall, and is 
trimmed with brown stained 
chestnut. The ceiling is 
paneled and the flat surface 
is covered with Dutch 
mettle lacquered in antique 
gold. The walls are coy- 
ered with tapestry paper. 
The fireplace has an imita- 
tion Caen stone mantel and 
brick facings and hearth. 
The partition between the 
living-room and dining- 
room is filled in with case- 
ment windows glazed with 
leaded glass. 

The butler’s pantry is 
fitted with dumbwaiter and 
drawers, dressers and cup- 
boards complete. Stairs lead 
to the kitchen, which is 
placed in the basement. 
There is also a laundry, 


The inglenook of the living-room is its great feature with a handsomely pantry, heating-room and 


carved canopy built above it 


the entire opening. On either side of the fireplace are leaded 
glass windows and paneled seats, with book shelves built 
in above. The walls are hung with green silk, and the 
draperies are in harmony to correspond. 

The den, which is off the living-room, has paneled walls 


Plan of first floor 


fuel rooms in the basement. 

The second story is di- 

vided into five bedrooms, two bathrooms and a den for Mrs. 
Russ. These rooms are finished with white painted trim 
and walls decorated with artistic color schemes. The bath- 
rooms have tiled wainscoting and floors, and porcelain fix- 
tures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor is 


March, 1909 


reached by two stairways, 
one of which ascends to the 
billiard-room and extra 
guest room, and the other is 
a private way for the sery- 
ants to their rooms. 

The architects, Messrs. 
Kirby, Petit & Green, of 
New York, used great care 
when they designed this 
house, for the reason that 
it had to meet certain re- 
quirements. The highest 
point of the estate was se- 
lected for the site on 
account of its commanding 
position and the magnifi- 
cent views obtained from it. 
The house was built with 
its end toward the roadway 
in order to secure the south- 
ern exposure for all the 
principle  living-rooms, 
while the music-room, 
which was placed on the 
northwest side of the house, 
receives the glowing tints of 
the setting sun in the late 
afternoon. 

It was quite important 
that the principle living- 
rooms of the house be 
placed so that they secure the early morning sun in winter 
and the prevailing breezes from the sea in summer, and it 
was particular important that the sleeping-rooms be arranged 
in a similar manner; this is a point which has been very care- 
fully considered in the designing of this house. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 109 


The dining-room has a Caen stone mantel with fireplace faced with brick. The woodwork is 


of chestnut stained brown 


The landscape work about the grounds has been quite 
extensive. All the corners of the roadway which winds in 
from the main thoroughfare are planted with an artistic 
profusion of growing plants and shrubs. 

A similar planting is done about the house. 


The house is picturesque with rough stone for the first story, and natural shingles for the second 


Plan of second floor 


110 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


oe n Be: 


March, 1909 


New Developments in Stenciling 


RNhiy 


B 

SS 

AN i S 
« 


as patterns can often 
be bought through 
magazines, the fact of not being skilled 
with the pencil is no longer a hindrance 
to good work. 

Stenciling is an art in which the 
craftworker can rise to any height if 
she aims to do original and distinctive 
work. ‘There are several women in 
America who have revolutionized this 
craft and who have worked on indi- 
vidual lines and have really done some- 
thing worth while. One of the newest 
stencilers whose work is now being 
recognized as of the highest quality is 
Miss Bessie M. Menage. She studied 
design in the Art Department of the 
University of Chicago, and while there 
made herself proficient in the art of 
stenciling. She made a name for her- 
self in decoration in the Middle West, 
and, like so many women decorators, 
prefers to carry out her work in detail. 

One of the illustrations shows a 
frieze and curtain designed and exe- 
cuted by Miss Menage. The walls 
were of a soft gray brown. The stencil 
is done in three colors, each differing 
only slightly in tone from the wall 
color. The design was taken from a 
horse chestnut tree in the garden out- 
side the library window. ‘The chestnut 
burs are dull gray terra cotta, the 
leaves a gray, green, and the conven- 
tional lines of the 
design of a dull gray 
blue. Another tone 
is used in the lines 
at the bottom of the 
stencil, which are 
terra cotta, intro- 
duced so as to bring 
the frieze into har- 
mony with the ma- 
hogany furniture 
with which the room 
is furnished. The 
tones in the rug are 
repeated in the 
frieze, making. a 


most harmonious 
and restful room. 
The windows are 


draped with Ara- 
bian net and an 
inner curtain is of 
gray green monk’s 
cloth ornamented 
with a stencil adap- 


Biase I THIN the last few years so much has been 
/ written on stenciling that there is hardly 
any household where at least one member 
has not become proficient in the art. 
work is easy to do, being mechanical, and 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


The 


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Be a SR cS TIE NEE WEL OE aa as 


Table cloths shown at the National Society of 
Craftsmen exhibition 


Cutting the stencil 


tation of the chestnut design. Portieres of the same material 
are stenciled with the wider design of the frieze. 

In the same house a lotus design is used as a frieze in the 
drawing-room. ‘The owner wished to have the decorations 
taken as far as possible from the flora of the neighborhood 


and a pond of Egyptian lotus near by 
suggested a good motif. Miss Menage 
made a conventional design of buds and 
flowers and stenciled them in eight 
colors on perfectly lusterless walls. 

Very few stencilers have the courage 
to do elaborate and extensive work of 
this sort when they have to stand on an 
elevated platform, and they usually are 
content with making the designs and 
superintending a fresco painter, so that 
it is encouraging to find that a woman 
has successfully stenciled many friezes 
with as much ease and skill as though 
she had been trained as a fresco painter. 
Oil colors were used mixed with turpen- 
tine and winton white, which gave a 
lusterless effect to the colors. 

Those who have gone deeply into 


’ stenciling work out for themselves cer- 


tain methods. When stenciling on 
cloth Miss Menage, instead of using the 
color direct, always makes a pad of 
several thicknesses of old cotton cloth 
which she saturates with pigment. She 
uses this pad instead of applying the 
brush directly to the paint or dye, and 
she finds that in this way there is prac- 
tically no danger of the color spreading 
on the material. When using oil paints 
on fabrics she mixes them with benzine 
until they are as thin as ordinary dye. 
A pinch of sugar of lead acts as a fixatif © 
and keeps the color from flowing under 
the stencil. For ma- 
terials that are not 
to be washed fre- 
quently she prefers 
dye, and the only 
fixatif she uses is 


mucilage. 
Another . woman 
whose. stenciling 


makes for original- 
ity and beauty is 
Mrs. Lora Eliza- 
beth Hencke. Her 
designs are yery 
be!ld in character, 
and a unique innova- 
tion in her work is 
the strap hinge ef- 
fect with which she 
joins narrow pieces 
of Russian crash to- 
gether. She is par- 
ticularly fond of 
working on this 
material and, as it 


March, 1909 MV eLeGAN | HOMES AND GARDENS riage 


original and unique, and American craft- 
workers are adapting this process to the 
simple requirements of stenciling and are 
getting excellent results by means of an 
atomizer, through which they squirt the 
color over the work instead of through a 
syringe and screen. Others again have 
succeeded beyond their expectations in fol- 
lowing Ludwig Jungnickel’s example. 

Such developments in stenciling should 
be of great interest to those who have ex- 
perimented in the ordinary way, and skilled 
craftworkers realize that there is always 
information to be gained the longer they 
work at a craft. 

I have deliberately chosen, in this arti- 
cle, to refer to some examples of elaborate 
work in stenciling, since the craft, in many 
instances, is supposed to be quite humble in 
itself and to be limited to humble articles; 
in other words, to be comparatively unim- 
portant. This can no longer be admitted to 

Applying the colors be the case. Stenciling is a craft capable 
of being applied to work designed on a 
is only fifteen inches wide, three widths are required for por- large scale and employed in a large way, and is now being 
tieres or curtains. Needlework is also introduced in her carried out with elaborate detail never before attempted. 
pillow and table runners. Just a few bold 
stitches of Berlin wool repeat the color at 
the ends of the stringer, and give individual 
note to the work. 

Mrs. Hencke has worked out several 
problems. One of these is the difficulty felt 
by all stencilers of making the wrong side 
of a heavy material as attractive as the 
right. Mrs. Hencke has invented a process 
whereby the color appears as strong and 
potent on the wrong side as it does on the 
right. This process she does not give to the 
public, and I know of no other stenciler who 
has yet succeeded in working this out, but 
it makes her work stand alone on that 
account. 

In Europe stenciling has been taken up 
with great vigor, and a young Munich 
artist, Ludwig Jungnickel, has exhibited his 
stencils in Vienna and aroused great interest 
in the peculiar nature of his technique, which 
is an invention of his own. He uses card- 
board for his plates and cuts them with a 
sharp knife. He then prepares the back- 
ground on which the design is to be 
stenciled by giving it the desired ground 
tone. This he does by squirting all over it 
a pale color, using for the purpose a syringe. 
Worked from behind a wire screen, the 
color falls in minute particles, and the 
ground work assumes a rough, granulated 
appearance. he most pleasing effects can 
be produced in this way, as no two particles 
are ever uniform. The next step is to hold 
the stencil on this prepared ground and to 
work with a syringe and screen. Difference 
in texture is gained by changing the distance 
at which the screen is placed. He uses sev- 
eral sizes of syringes, according to whether 
he wishes his stencil to be fine or coarse in 
texture. 

Frescoes done in this way are most 


- 
N 
. 
= 
& 
= 


Library with stenciled frieze and curtains with chestnut design 


Riis 


112 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


Residence of Prof. L. W. Reid at Merion, Pennsylvania 


LAUNDRY 


coLpRoon. 


STUDY. 


1: 
al {| 


DINING ROOM 
LIVING ROOM HALL 


Plan of first floor 


Rock-faced stone and stucco are the materials used for the exterior walls of the house Plan of second floor 


RESIDENCE OF PROFESSOR L. W. REID AT MERION, PENNSYLVANIA 


ESIGNED by Messrs. Bailey and Bassett, architects, of Philadelphia. Built of rock-faced graystone with 
broad white mortar joints, with shingled roof. The reception-room has a Colonial wainscot, painted white, 
with walls covered with a two-tone green paper. The living-room is trimmed with Flemish oak, with 


built-in bookcases and open fireplace. The dining-room is treated with a golden-brown effect, with walls lined 
with tapestry. The second floor is trimmed with white pine treated with ivory-white paint; each room has its 
distinctive color scheme. Here is the owner’s suite of two bedrooms, dressing-room and bath, a single bedroom and 
bath, and two servants’ bedrooms and bath. The third floor contains a spacious den. 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 113 


A “Triple-Gable’’ House at Oak Lane, Pennsylvania 


Diring rao 
(B-e" 4 1Fo* 


Plan of first floor 


Plan of second floor The house is of the half-timbered style, with the first story of stone and the second of stucco 


A “TRIPLE-GABLE” HOUSE AT OAK LANE, PENNSYLVANIA 


UILT of stone, stucco and shingles for Charles E. Frick, Esq., at Oak Lane, Pa. Mr. Walter F. Price, archi- 
tect, of Philadelphia. The design follows the English village type. ‘The interior trim of the first floor is 
oak. The hall has a beamed ceiling; the parlor an open fireplace with tile facings and hearth; and the dining- 

room is connected with the kitchen through the butler’s pantry. The second story is finished in white enamel and 
contains four bedrooms and bath. The third floor has three bedrooms and a trunk room. 


114 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


A French Model Dairy 


By Jacques Boyer 


MODEL dairy, to the management of 
which the latest discoveries of science are 
applied, is situated on an island of the 
Seine, near Bougival, ten miles from 
Paris. “The dairy is conducted by Dr. 
Chateau on the most approved principles 
of veterinary hygiene. 

The buildings are kept scrupulously clean and neat, and 
are painted blue, because flies avoid that color. No straw 
or other vegetable litter is used, but the floors of the 
stalls are covered with a thin layer of sterilized sand, which 
is changed daily. The sand swept from the stalls is 
washed with water to remove the manure it has absorbed, 
and after it has settled and dried is used again. ‘The 
water is collected in a cistern and employed to irrigate and 
fertilize the meadows. 

Most of the cows are of the Jersey breed, the milk of 
which contains from 7 to 7.5 per cent. of butter fat, while 
that of the best of other breeds contains only 5.2 per cent. 
A few Breton cows are kept for breeding purposes. 
Crossed with Jersey bulls they produce daughters which 
are as good milkers as pure Jerseys and are more robust. 
There are also some Norman cows, but they are employed 
solely as wet-nurses. The calf, however, is not left either 
with its mother or with its nurse, but is put, immediately 
after birth, into one of the wooden “cradles” shown in 
the illustration. One reason for this isolation is that 
young calves are subject to certain contagious diseases, 
of which a single case might infect the entire herd. 

But the most original feature of this model dairy is the 
method of milking by machinery. ‘The construction and 
operation of the milking machine are shown in one of the 
illustrations. Four india-rubber cups which are connected 
with an air pump are attached to the cow’s teats and the 
milk flows through an india-rubber tube to a glass vessel, 


and thence to a copper tank. The operation is similar to 


that of a surgical cupping-glass, pressure being followed by 
suction. In this the inventor has imitated the natural action 


Turbine and dynamo of the model dairy 


The pneumatic milking machine employed at the Chateau model dairy 


of the calf, which alternately sucks and presses the teat with 
its lips and tongue. The hand of the human milker, on the 
contrary, produces only pressure without suction, and the cow 
is fatigued by this unnatural action. The pneumatic milking 
machine causes no distress, and the cows take very kindly 
to it. Before the cups are applied the teats are cleaned with 
2 brush containing a tube through which a stream of warm 
water flows. Eight sets of cups are attached to the apparatus 
and eight cows can be 
milked at the same time. 
The two operations, pres- 
sure and suction, are readily 
distinguished by the ob- 
server, and the milk is seen 
flowing through the glass 
vessel on its way to the 
copper tank, where it ar- 
rives in a state of perfect 
purity, for it has not even 
had an opportunity to ab- 
sorb germs or odors from 
the air. Milk obtained by 
the ordinary method is not 
only contaminated with at- 
mospheric germs and dust 
but often contains particles 
of manure. 

In the neat and com- 
fortable stables the cows 
are arranged according to 
date of calving. The best 
milk is produced in the first 


March, 1909 ANERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 11 


UA 


General view of the model dairy at Bougival, near Paris 


Open"air “cradles” for young calves 
pen_ y g 


116 


months of milking, and 
Dr. Chateau desires to fur- 
nish products of different 
and accurately known quali- 
ties for the use of phy- 
sicians, because milk of 
various degrees of richness 
is required by infants, ac- 
cording to their vigor and 
physical condition. 

This model dairy has a 
large and well designed me- 
chanical plant. Power is 
furnished by a turbine 
driven by the Seine, and is 
distributed electrically, and 
by shafts and belts, through- 
out the establishment to 
various machines, including 
one for washing milk bot- 
tles, a refrigerating ma- 
chine, by which the milk is 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


Jersey cow stable 


kept at the temperature of 
39 ~«=6ddegrees_~—- Centigrade 
until it is shipped to Paris, 
and a pump which draws 
very pure water from a well 
nearly two hundred feet 
deep. The buildings are 
lighted electrically by power 
furnished by the same tur- 
bine. 

One hardly dares to look 
forward when dairies of 
this scientific nature will be 
generally installed, yet it is 
to precisely such stages that 
modern science and modern 
sanitation is tending. The 
individual cow owner must, 
it would seem, remain con- 
tent with the ordinary 
devices, or rather with the 
lack of devices, that have 
been in habitual use for 
ages, but new methods and 
new ideas are being con- 
tinually developed for the 
large dairy. 


A rest in the field 


March, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


The Colonial Residence of J. Randall Williams, Esq. 


Haverford, Pennsylvania 


By Paul Thurston 


RECENTLY completed residence following 
the style of the Colonial, and affording 
many interesting features, is the new home 
of J. Randall Williams, Esq., at Haver- 
ford, Pa. Lhe house shows a careful con- 
formity to historical style and at the same 
time illustrates many modern tendencies, 

and in its interior is incorporated all the appointments re- 

quired in a well-regulated and up-to-date house. It was built 
from plans prepared by Messrs. Baily and Bassett, architects, 
of Philadelphia, Pa. 

The situation chosen is an attractive one, and permits of 
giving a broad expanse to the house, which is reached by a 
straight walk passing in from the street to the terrace ex- 
tending across the front, and also having access to the house 
from the driveway circling in from the same roadway. ‘The 
walk is laid with red brick and is inclosed with a low-cut 
privet hedge. ‘he terrace is also laid of brick and forms a 
foundation for the porch roof over the entrance-way and the 
family porch at the 
side of the house. 

The house, which 
is of wood, is cov- 
ered with white 
painted clapboards 
and green painted 
blinds; a color 
scheme of the typt- 
cal New England 
Colonial house. 
The roof is  shin- 
gled. The details 
of the columns, 
balustrades and dor- 
mers are finely exe- 
cuted and show the 
refinement of this 
particular style of 
architecture. From 
the porch at the 
front the entrance 
is reached, and a 
broad door opens 
into the hall, which 
is a central one, ex- 
tending through the 
entire depth of the 


The library has green striped wall paper and white painted trim 


The Colonial furniture is appropriate 


house. The woodwork is painted white and the walls are 
tinted in an old rose, while the rugs and stair carpet are in 
harmony. A staircase is of ornamental character with white 
painted balusters and a mahogany rail. The living-room is 
at the front of the house and to the right of the entrance. 
Its woodwork is painted white and the walls are tinted in an 
old Colonial yellow. The open fireplace is built of brick 
with the facings and hearth of similar brick, and a mantel 
finely designed in the Colonial style. French windows, on 
either side of the fireplace, open into both the inclosed and 
open piazza, which is isolated from the front entrance, 
thereby insuring privacy to the family and their intimates. 
The library, which is immediately back of the living-room, 
is furnished with a white painted trim and walls covered with 
green striped paper. Bookcases are built in at one side 
of the room, and the corner fireplace is built with brick fac- 
ings and hearth and furnished with a finely detailed Colonial 
mantel. To the left of the entrance, and corresponding to 
the living-room, is the dining-room, which has a white 
painted trim, decor- 
ated walls, and Co- 
lonial fireplace. The 


room is furnished 
with mahogany fur- 
niture of antique 
pattern. A door 
opens into a butler’s 
pantry, which is 
fitted with sink, 


drawers and dress- 
ers; while another 
door opens into the 
kitchen, placed in 
the extension. This 
arrangement admits 
of a cross ventila- 
tion. There is a 
sink for the washing 
of the kitchen uten- 
sils, range, dresser, 
and a stairway to 
the second floor and 
to the cellar. Be- 
yond the kitchen is 
the laundry fitted up 
complete with laun- 
dry range, laundry 


1909 


March, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A broad walk paved with brick and lined with a privet hedge leads to the entrance of the house 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I 


| 
~ 


tubs, store closet and 
a servants porch 
with seat. 

The second floor 
is treated with white 
paint for the trim 
and a separate, yet 
harmonious, color 
scheme for each 
room. There are 
four bedrooms and 


HON 


BeoRoord 
UL XAT 


BED Ro0o/t. 
45X78 


Be aRoore 
YU X12. 


Mr. William’s house is designed in the Colonial style 


Secon a7 oar 


bath and two serv- : Fi: 
ants’ rooms and OE 
bath on this floor. 
The bathrooms have 
tiled floors and wain- AG 
scoting and porce- ag 2 Pgs 
lain fixtures and ex- x3 ; 
posed _ nickelplated 
plumbing. 


Fan 


_L7aONoRY 


LOKI, 


a 


if L/BRARY 
YU EXSY GF, 
WIE ZF 
@ 
uF 

Diving Reore  Hakk —_nive Reon Bey ate 

4-9 */bE-Y VYIXIEMY, 
Por loc. 
me A part of the piazza is inclosed with glass, forming a sun-room 
JER RACE 


: ——— ae Jv | 


Vi257 Jloaz.. 


120 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


grassed walks, at the edge 
of which are planted the 
kitchen flowers, to be used 
on the dining-room table 
and throughout the house. 

To the left of the estate 
and reached from the main 
highway is the stable, which 
is designed in keeping with 
the house, and of the same 
style of architecture. It is 
also painted white, with 
green painted blinds. The 
interior contains a carriage 
room, which has a _ well- 
fitted harness closet with 
sliding glass doors, and a 
stable for the keeping of two 
horses. The stalls are fitted 
with ornamental iron fix- 
tures and the best improved 
appliances. Both the car- 
riage room and the stable 
are ceiled up with narrow 
beaded yellow pine finished 
in its natural wood. The 
second floor contains the 
man’s room and ample space 


for the storage of hay and 
feed. 


There are two bedrooms 
and a bathroom, a large den 
and a trunk room on the 
third floor, and a furnace 
room, fuel room and cold 
storage room and provision 
room in the cellar. 

The side piazza directly 
overlooks the garden, 
which, though compara- 
tively small, has been de- 
signed with a view of pro- 
ducing the best possible 
results from a given space. 

The garden while a semi- 
formal one has been laid 
out with much care. The 
various beds have been 
planted with both annuals 
and perennials, and_ they 
have been selected in a 
manner to secure a contin- 
ual bloom from early 
spring till the late autumn. 
Beyond this garden, which 
is separated by a pergola of 
simple style, is the vegeta- 


ble garden, laid out with The antique mahogany furniture in the dining-room carries out the Colonial character of the house 


March, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1 


~ CORRESPONDENCE 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 


pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of “Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ” 


SIMPLE BEDROOM CURTAINS 


RITING from a small town in Ver- 

mont, M. E. C. asks for some ideas for 

simple, dainty curtains for bedrooms. 
“In your department for advising on matters 
relating to the furnishing of the home you 
mention stencilled curtains. These, however, 
are quite beyond me, as I know nothing of 
paints or painting. Neither am I skillful with 
the needle. I have been using ruffed muslin 
curtains for my bedrooms, but these soon look 
draggled and untidy. Is there not something 
inexpensive but different from what one sees 
everywhere at the windows?” 

A curtain that looks very pretty hung 
straight across the window can be made with 
fine white organdie or muslin, with an inser- 
tion of imitation filet in bands, as shown in 


A simple bedroom curtain 


the illustration, just above the bottom hem. 
The filet comes by the yard, with the squares 
four by four inches. After making the heading 
at the top and the hem at the bottom, two 
bands of the filet are stitched across the bot- 
tom and the muslin cut away underneath. 
This is not a difficult piece of work, but should 
be done neatly. If the window is very high, 
another row of the insertion may be stitched 
asout twelve inches below the top. 


DINING-ROOM FURNITURE 


“The woodwork in my dining-room is fin- 
ished in the light or natural oak. Kindly let 
me know if I shall buy my furniture to match 
this woodwork. I notice in the shops that 
almost everything in dining-room furniture is 


finished in the dark brown. Another point 
that I am disturbed about is whether to get 
two arm chairs or have all side chairs. Also, 
is a round table advisable, or is the square size 
better? If round, what diameter? A side- 
board or a buffet?—W. S., Kentucky.” 

The bright varnish of the natural or golden 
oak is not as desirable as the dull, dark finish. 
It is also easier to find good shapes without un- 
necessary ornament in the dark wood. Round 
tables are so much in demand that it is not 
often one finds a square shape, and the former 
has many advantages over the latter. The 
size of the table depends somewhat upon the 
size of the room. A four-foot table or a four 
foot six inches is the usual size. 

As to the selection of the chairs, the round 
table has made the side chairs more popular 
than the old style of having an arm chair for 
the head and the foot of the table. If there is 
space for a sideboard this piece of furniture 
will be found more graceful and useful than 
a buffet. A side table placed near the pantry 
or kitchen door is a part of the dining-room 
furnishings. 


WALL PAPER FOR A PARLOR 


A southern correspondent, A. A. D., asks: 
“Would you have a paper on the walls of a 
parlor or paint the surface in oil or water 
colors? Is tapestry paper suitable for this 
room? Or, would a plain paper be better? 
Also, please give me some idea of a proper 
color.” 

The conditions of the house have so much 
to do with the treatment of a wall that it is 
difficult to advise in this matter without know- 
ing more about the room and its surroundings. 
What is the woodwork? How many windows, 
and what is the exposure? What coverings 
are on the floor, and what are the predominat- 
ing colors? ‘The colors in furniture coverings 
it is also important to know. How the room 
is used is another point that must be considered 
in the choice of a wall paper. Replying in 
general terms to the question given in the 
above letter it would make a more pleasing 
effect to have a wall paper in this parlor 
instead of a water or oil-paint finish. A tapes- 
try paper, unless light in tone, would not be 
as suitable as a two-toned buff or ecru color. A 
plain paper requires good pictures to give 
interest to the walls. An all-over design, 
printed in two tones of one color, is a safe 
selection. 


BED SPREAD FOR A GUEST ROOM 


“Something newer than the lace spreads 
with flounces around the sides and bottom,” 
is asked for by Mrs. G. A. F., of Michigan. 

As a pretty bed spread contributes so much 
to the appearance of a guest room, the home 
maker will do well to spend time and thought 
upon this detail. If twenty-five or thirty dol- 
lars can be spent on the bed spread, the newest 
and most attractive is one made of cream- 


white scrim, with drawn work and corner ' 


pieces of real filet lace. At a less price, 
(Continued on page xiv) 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 

WHAT TO DO BEFORE THE HOUSE IS BUILT 

5 he summer,’ writes E. H., “I pur- 


chased a piece of land containing five 

acres, on which I expect to build a 
house costing about $5000. Not a mansion, 
but a nice comfortable house. 

“T shall employ a good architect to design 
the house, and I do not want to spoil the entire 
appearance of the place by a poor outside lay- 
out. 

“The lot is barren, with no trees whatever 
on it, and I am.at a loss to know what to do. 
I want to get trees planted at once and give 
them a chance to grow. Last spring I planted 
an orchard of seventy-five trees, but nothing 
else has been done. 

“The lot has a frontage of 800 feet on the 
river, and the highest point is probably not 
more than five feet above the water. “The 
house, of course, will face the river. 

“T want to have the place planted with 
trees and shrubs which will harmonize with 
the house, and I want the place to have some 
style.” 

There seems no reason why a man who is 
wise enough to employ an architect to design 
his house should not at the same time employ 
a landscape architect to locate it on the lot 
and design the grounds. 

The benefits which come from getting the 
advice of trained men are the same in each 
case. 

Both endeavor to get the best work which 
the conditions allow, and to show the client 
how his own ideas may be most effectively 
carried out, in order to give him a place which 
he will be proud of and enjoy. 

The great advantage in employing a land- 
scape architect is to have the place considered 
as a whole, and its future development com- 
pletely arranged for at the start. 

Ordinarily when people work without pro- 
fessional advice, they put the house in one 
convenient spot and the stable in another, with- 
out thinking of their relation to each other, 
or of the means of communication between 
them. After a year or more it may be found 
that both would be better if their positions 
were reversed, and that the present arrange- 
ment is inconvenient and unlovely. 

Such haphazard work as this would be pre- 
vented by employing a landscape architect to 
study the whole problem in advance. 

Another economy which comes from having 
a complete scheme at the start, is that any 
part of the work may be finished with full 
assurance that it will not have to be done over 
again when the adjoining portion is finished. 
No mistakes will be made, and mistakes are 
often the costliest part of amateur work. 

These things are obvious, yet few people 
realize that works of landscape architecture 
can be as carefully planned on paper as any 
house, or boat, or railroad. 

(Continued on page xvt) 


way 


xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


Fhe unvarying choice 
of the cultured_ 


IN th me ng of THe Knabe 3 is ised the finest material that money 


ative experience of three generations, 
tisan’ s as in his work - these are priceless. 


Ocak illustrated catalogue and prices. 


KNABE & CO. 


WASHINGTON 


Posed by MISS PAULINE FREDERICK ; Copyright 1908, by Wm. Knabe & Co. 


March, 1909 Nene AN “LOMES AND GARDENS xiii 


of everything that has to do with Heating, 


Our elegantly illustrated catalogue giv 


$215 Heating Plant 


includes: Andrews Vertical Steel Boiler; 
complete outfit of richly ornamented 
radiators; best steel pipe; ex- 
pansion tank; Andrews Re- 
gurgitating Safety Valve; all 
fittings, fire cement, gold (or 
silver) bronze, and brush; 
also clinker hook, shakerand 
flue brush, complete, as 
shown in this house. 


Special Plans 


and estimates are made 
by our engineers for 
each indivi- 
dual job. Send 
us to-day the 
plan of your 
house, or 
rough sketch 
with measure- 
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will submit an 
exact estimate 
of cost deliyered 
to your city,also 
what you should 
pay for install- 
ing, employing 
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houses fitted 
without defac- 
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Special prices 
on estimates 
submitted at once, 
but the contract 
must be closed with- 
in thirty days thereafter. 
Delivery may be later. 


The Andrews Boiler 


burns any fuel with great economy. Its 
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Plumb- 
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$120 


Porcelain 
enamel 
bath tub, 
4% ft. long 
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tank. seat and lid, enamel lavatory, enamel kitchen 
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material to erect complete. There are no joints to wipe. 
Complete plans and directions for erecting, 


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The Andrews Thermostat controls the fire by automatically operating 
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We furnish everything to make buildings “modern,” 
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and requires practically no attention; suitable for residences, factories, schools, get more business from the 
etc. Built in variety of sizes of boiler steel, it is rivited and calked, air and recommendation of our old cus- 
water tight; fitted with trapped inflow, automatic outflow and suitable man- tomers than from any other 
holes. Sewage is harmful because it consists largely of decaying organic sub- single source. Each job has 


stances. The problem is to change organic to inorganic matter very rapidly. individual engineering attention 
This is effected by the action of two classes of bacteria which in the process to the last detail. 


also destroy themselves. 


A Boe. 


Main Building, University of Minnesota 
Clarence H. Johnson, Architect 


PRICES HERE QUOTED INCLUDE 
| EVERYTHING 


—all the little things (it is the little things that make 
the house cost more than a barn of equal size). We 
make no charge for our engineering knowledge and 
experience in heating, water supply and sanitary 
engineering, and unexcelled facilities for getting the 
raw materials at the right price—all put into your plans. 


combustion when SEND FOR OUR BIG 72-PAGE BOOK 


the desired tem- 2 ; ‘ : : F : Andrews 

ee eee tia eachicds on Hot Water, Steam and Hot Air Heating, Plumbing, Water Supply, Sewage Disposal, 300 illustrations. It is free Peerless 
2 henge for the names of two other persons going to buy hot water or other systems. Write today. Note above special Czst Iron 
ALUN aes prices. Address nearest office. Boiler 


1080 Heating Building, MINNEAPOLIS 


Air Pressure 
Water Supply 


It takes the place of city water, all the comfort of a city 
home in the country; also fire protection, which reduces insur- 
ance. The material includes one 325-gallon tank. built of 
boiler steel, tested to an air pressure of 100 ibs ; a double act- 
ing air-and-water, brass-lined force pump, with all trimmings, 
including water and pressure gauges, pipe and fittings to con- 
nect pump and tank, with complete plans and details for erec- 
tion. All pipe is cutto fit, Estimates free, 


e e 
Large Buildings 
We soiicit complete contracts for heating large buildings. 
We design, manufacture and erect high pressure or vacuum 
seam heating, hot blast ventilating, large hot water forced cir- 
calation plants, etc. 


So strong is 
custom that 
we have found 
it good busi- 
ness to manu- 
facture 12 sizes 
of high-grade 
sectional cast 
iron boilers, 
Fullparticulars 
in our catalog. 


XIV AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


THE GREENHOUSE ORNAMENTAL 


You will certainly admit that this one is attractive, and a long call between it and the 
uninteresting looking hot house of a few years back. f ; ; ; 
But there is a danger that in making greenhouses ornamental, their practical growing points 


will be sacrificed. 


Our experience, covering some twenty-five years or more, exclusively 


devoted to greenhouse designing and building is a guarantee that your house will be every 
way practical, yet still have the pleasing effect so indispensable for the private grounds. Send 


for our illustrated matter. 


HITCHINGS & COMPANY 


1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 


Which Do You Do In Your House— 


PACK DIRT IN? OR LIFT IT OUT? 


When you use broom or carpet-sweeper, you 
scatter a large part of the dirt over a wider area, to be 
rehandled again and again; but that is not all of the evil. 

Another large part of the dirt you work deep down 
into the carpet, there to decompose and putrify, to 
become the breeding place of germs and insects and 
to fill the house with musty and sour odors. 

With such primitive implements, you simply can’t 
help it; for that is their constant tendency, the abso- 
lutely necessary result of the downward pressure 
exerted by their every stroke. 

Every time you use broom or carpet-sweeper, your 
every effort drives dirt down into the carpet deeper 
and deeper, and steadily adds new layers, until the 
fabric is packed. 

And that is why you have to renovate. 


It is true that the Vacuum System of cleaning is 
the only absolutely dustless system; but a large par. 
of its remarkable efficiency is due to the fact that its 
constant tendency is exactly opposite to that of 
broom and carpet-sweeper. 

Whereas broom and carpet-sweeper pack in the 
dirt even more solidly, the Idea] Vacuum Cleaner lifts 
out, by its suction force, more and more dirt from 
lower and lower depths. This it does constantly and 
always. 

In other words, Ideal Vacuum Cleaning removes 
all the dirt that has been ground into the fabric as well as 
that which lies loosely on the surface, undoing with 
every application the evil of broom and carpet-sweeper. 

And that is why the Ideal Vacuum Cleaner 
renovates every time it cleans. 


The Ideal Vacuum Cleaner 


OPERATED BY 
) HAND 


(FULLY PROTECTED BY PATENTS) 


“IT EATS UP THE DIRT” 


The IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER is the great Vacuum Cleaning principle brought to its ideal state of 
economy and efficiency and made practical and possible for all. Weighing only 20 pounds, it is easily 


carried about. 


Operated either by hand or little motor connected with any electric light fixture, it requires 


neither skill nor strength. Compared with sweeping it is no work at all. 

There in your home the IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER stands working for you, raising absolutely no dust, 
scarcely making a sound. And yet, under the magic of its work, carpets, rugs, curtains, upholstery, etc., are 
made clean, wholesome and sweet through and through. Mysterious odors disappear, the breeding places of 


pests are removed, the destruction of 
fabrics is arrested, and the causes of 
disease are banished. 

So tremendous is the saving effected 
by the IDEAL VACUUM 
CLEANER—in money, time, labor, 
health and strength—that it quickly 
pays for itself many times over. It is 
absurd to think that you cannot afford 
its small price. How can you afford 
to be without it? Try it and you 
will be ashamed of the conditions 
you have been living in. 

Every machine is guaranteed. 

Send today for our Free Illustrated Booklet. It 


tells a remarkable story that will mean a New 
era in your home. 


The American Vacuum 


Cleaning Company 
225 Fifth Avenue, New York City 


Le 
¥ PRICES55e236 


ou 


0. 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING 
(Continued from page xt) 


twenty to twenty-five dollars, a hem-stitched 
linen spread is recommended. In some rooms 
the white spread is too colorless, and figured 
cretonne, linen-taffeta, or linen is preferable to 
the plain color. Some of these materials may 
be had in fifty-inch widths, and fewer seams 
will then be necessary. It is better to place 
one width in the center of the spread, and add 
enough each side (matching the pattern, of 
course) to give the correct width. If a val- 
ance is to be attached to the bedstead, the 
spread need not hang as far over the sides as 
if there were no valance. The spread may 
have a cotton fringe of pointed braid, but the 
valance requires only a hem. 

If the spread is made long enough it may be 
carried over the pillow, laid flat, and tucked 
down at the back. A piece of the cretonne of 
the same width as the spread, and put together 
in the same way, may be laid over the pillow as 
a separate cover. ‘This gives better lines to the 
bed drapery than the spread and pillow cover 
combined. 

For a very simple bed spread the dress 
dimities in white or in colors may be used. As 
these are not opaque, a lining of sateen or 
muslin will need to be laid under the material. 
If it is thought best to do without a valance, 
the dimity may be gathered around the edges 
of the top piece, making it deep enough to 
reach to the floor. 


HALL DOORS AND SIDE LIGHTS 


How to screen the hall from outside obser- 
vation and yet make a good interior effect, is 
a problem that comes up nearly every month 
from one or more correspondents. “The con- 
ditions vary in different homes. ‘“The plate 
glass that is set in my front hall door,” writes 
a suburban friend, H. G., “is so long that I 
despair of every being able to clothe it properly. 
This is the only lighting given to the hall, and 
I cannot keep the glass entirely covered ; but it 
is too high to use a curtain shirred on a rod. 
At night, I want the protection of an opaque 
curtain. What would you suggest?” 

In this particular instance an ecru net, 
shirred top and bottom on a small brass rod, 
will allow enough light to enter the hall, yet 
cover up the glaring expanse of glass during 
the daytime. Over this curtain a buff colored 
Holland shade may be put up and, at night, 
drawn down as a screen. ‘This meets the 
utilitarian need as well as it can be done under 
the circumstances. When only a small door 
window is to be screened, a double set of vesti- 
bule rods may be fastened to the door on which 
a net and a silk curtain may be fastened. The 
silk should be in tone with the woodwork and 
the walls when this plan is followed. 


Side lights require the same general treat- 


ment as the glass that is set in the door. Ifa 
single material is desired a plain colored silk 
will best serve the purpose, or a silk in which 
both sides are alike. Some of the Japanese 
silks in conventional patterns are double-faced. 
The new sun-fast gauzes are economical for 
the glass in hall doors and side windows, as 
the exposure to the light quickly fades an ordi- 
nary silk. 


NAME FOR A SUMMER COTTAGE 


F. T. I. writes: “This may not be in line 
with your regular queries, but I would be glad 
to have some names suggested for my new 
cottage in the mountains. ‘The family has 
thought of everything, but nothing seems quite 
to suit the place. Will you help us in this 
matter?” 

Only a limited list can be given to this cor- 
respondent, as so little clue is given in the 
letter to the situation of the cottage. Perhaps 
something in the following names may be 


March, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XV 


IN LLG 
F, 


of 


Furnishings 


Reed, Rattan and Willow 


Summer 


Pre-eminently the ideal furniture for Summer homes 
and the seashore, particularly in the water-proof enamel 
finish of any color, which is impervious to climatic changes. 


This season’s styles in Chairs, Divans, Rockers, Settees, 
and Conversation Chairs are designed to admit the use of 
cushions, which we make to order at small expense from 
our stock of cretonnes, linen taffetas, and other fabrics 
suitable for seashore and veranda furnishing. 


No other furniture so nearly approaches the acme of 
ease and cool comfort in the summer home. 


We will, upon request, send competent artists to take entire charge of 
any decorative problem and submit sketches and estimates. 


Geo. C. FLint Co. 


43-47 WEST 23"9T. 24-28 West 24" ST. 


oldwell Biba 
OWeTS 


Hand, Horse and Motor Power 


are used by the New York City Park 
Department, the Capitol at Washington, 
and by many leading golf and country 
clubs and large estates of America 


EXCLUSIVELY 


Send for Catalogue 


Coldwell Lawn Mower Company 
20 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. 


BOBBINK & ATKINS’ 


World’s Choicest Nursery Products 


It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our World’s choicest 
Nursery products. Never before have we had a selection as handsome as we 
offer for planting this season. Intending purchasers will do well to visit our 
Nurseries to inspect our products. If you cannot, we shall be pleased to give 
prices on your list of wants for Spring planting. 

ROSES. We have many thousands of two-year-old plants ready for shipment, 
consisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. 

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS. Many acres of our Nursery are 
planted with the most attractive specimens ever produced in this country. 
Our collection has been admired by visitors from all parts of the World. 

PINES. We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. 
No grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are 
healthful and add attractiveness to the Landscape. 

RHODODENDRONS. Are among our specialties. Everybody intending to 
plant should certainly see our stock. We can give prices on large or small 
quantities in all the hardiest and most attractive varieties. 

BOXWOOD. Oaur stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands in 
all sizes suitable for Boxwood gardens. 

TREES AND SHRUBS. Our Trees and Shrubs are hardy, vigorous and 
free from disease. 

HEDGE PLANTS. We grow thousands for any kind of hedge desired. 

VINES AND CLIMBERS. We have large quantities for every style of 
covering. 

BAY TREES. The largest collection in this country in all sizes can now 
be seen in our storehouses. 

OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS. For Old Fashioned Gardens, beds 
and borders. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the largest and 
most complete collection in this country. Thousands of people visit our 
Nursery annually to see them when in bloom. 

FRUITS. We can supply Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit Trees to 
make a complete fruit garden. In addition, we have a fine selection of all 
kinds of small Fruits, Strawberries, etc. 

ENGLISH POT GROWN GRAPE VINES. We have an especially 
fine lot of these for early Spring delivery. Ask for list with prices. 

TUBS. We make them in all sizes and shapes for Plants and Trees. 


Our ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 90 will be mailed 


to prospective purchasers 


VISIT OUR NURSERIES 
NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS 
RUTHERFORD, N. J. 


Make the Refrigerator 
a Part of Your House 


Have it built to fit a particular space most convenient to pantries 
and kitchen—have the front of the refrigerator flush with the 
wall as shown above, and finished to match the interior trim— 
have it of the size and interior arrangement best suited to your 
needs—and provided with an extra door to the 1ce-chamber so 
that it can be iced from an outside porch. 


M& CRAY 
REFRIGERATORS 


(Keep things fresh) 


because the air in them is purified by constantly recurring contact with the 
ice, caused by the ‘‘McCray System.’”’ This also dries the air so that even 
matches or salt can be kept perfectly dry in this refrigerator. 

Your choice of sanitary linings: Opal=-glass (looks like white china — % in. 
thick) porcelain-tile, white enameled wood or odorless white wood. No zinc 
is ever used, as zinc forms dangerous oxides that poison milk and other 
food. Can be arranged for icing from an outside porch if desired. 


CUT DOWN YOUR ICE BILLS 


McCray Refrigerators use less ice than other refrigerators, because McCray 
walls are the thickest and best ‘theat and cold proof” walls made. 

McCray Refrigerators of all sizes and styles are ready for immediate ship- 
ment. Built-to-order refrigerators for any purpose can be shipped three 
weeks after order is received. Every McCray is guaranteed to give lasting 
satisfaction. Upon request we will send you one of our illustrated books 
which explains why McCray Refrigerators are better than other Refriger- 
ators and different from ordinary ice boxes. Write a postal for catalog and 
full particulars while you think of it. 

No. A.H.—Built-to-order for Residences. No. 85.—Regular Size for Residences. 


No. 66.—For Grocery Stores. No. 47.—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions, etc. 
No. 58.—For Meat Markets. No. 71.—For Florists. 


ELLE LL I LTE ECT NLT OGLE BE EI TE OE ESSA A AES, VE 


ME 


PELE AI 


EERE ee: 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


March, 1909 


M ore Than 
Soda Crackers 


When you eat Uneeda Biscuit you 
taste something delightfully different 
from common soda crackers. 

The difference begins with better 
baking of best materials, in the great- 
est, cleanest bakeries in the world, 
‘built expressly to bake Uneeda Biscuit. 


The difference is protected and 
preserved for you by the only package 
in the world that ellectively retains 
freshness and excludes all dust and 


moisture. 


¢ 


NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY 


By A> -RUSSELE BOND 
12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from 
AI affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are 
a! given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 


such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


| 
| 


Ra 


MUNN & CoO. <scientifig™svtrican” 361 Broadway, New York 


Mj 


Six Choice 


1 Hydrangea, Paniculata Grandiflora—handsomest shrub grown. 
1 Spirea, Van Houtti (Bridal Wreath)—pure white flowers. 

1 Snowball, Large Flowering—pure white flowers. 

1 Barberry, Thunbergii—yellow flowers, brilliant berries. 

1 Cornus Siberica (Red Branched Dogwood)—beautiful shrub. 


22a ao pa sa eg EERE EC EERE 


NY 
Hardy Shrubs Ory AOc vi 


appropriate, or a combination might be effected 
with different parts of two names: 

- Ski-hi, Edgehill, Up-e-nuf, Swallow’s Nest, 
Star Rock, Edgewood, Fox Hill, Grey Mount, 
Greycote, Highfield, Highlands, Hillhurst, 
The Knoll, Roughlands, Six Gables, Stone 
House, Willow Heights, Windy Crest, Wild- 
wood, Moss Hill, Overlook, Tip Top. 


GARDEN WORK ABOUT THE HOME 
(Continued from page xi) 


In the present instance it is impossible to 
give E. H. any helpful advice without a topo- 
graphic map of the place and a plan of the 
house. 

How shall we know where to locate the 
house? Should it be near the river, and how 
near; and which way should it face, and 
where should the front door be? 

What shall we have between the house and 
the river, lawn or garden, and is the boat 
house to be ornamental and part of the scheme, 
or is it to be hidden by planting? 

The barns might be as far as possible from 
the house, with horses and cows and automo- 
biles under one roof; or there might be two 
buildings, with a garage near the house and 
the horses and cows far away. 

The size of the flower and vegetable gar- 
dens is another interesting subject for discus- 
sion, and the location of the tennis court or 
play lawn will need some thought. 

The cost of keeping the place up is a ques- 
tion too little considered, yet the place may 
be so designed that one man can easily do it 
all or so that five men can scarcely begin to 
do it. 

These questions seem as difficult as those 
asked by the insurance companies, yet they 
must be answered before the landscape archi- 
tect can make a start even at locating the 
house. 

The ideal way in building a country place 
is to employ architect and landscape architect 
at the same time. ‘Tell them both what you 
want, and let them consult together about the 
arrangement of rooms, the location and orien- 
tation of the house. 

Then when the architect has designed the 
house it is sure to fit the lot (they do not 
always when the architect works alone), and 
the entrances and rooms will be just where 
they should be. ‘Then the landscape architect 
can do his part of the work, plan the drives, 
fore court, service court, terraces, clothes 
yard, and all the other features of the place, 
whether designed for utility or beauty. 

With this fixed and definite plan the work 
on the grounds can be done as the house is 
being built, or before. 

It is often possible to plant all the trees on 
a place years before the house is built, if the 
owner and architect get together and agree 
upon the general character of the house, and 
the arrangement of the grounds. 

The landscape architect’s plans will show 
all roads, with their elevations and changes in 
grade, all the gardens and all the detail of 
grading and planting. 

It is quite possible to do this work little by 
little, so that it may not be finished for five or 
ten years, if that be desirable, yet the cost 


IRE K 


1 Weigelia, Rosea—beautiful roee colored flowers. zm sail mer ie ean greater than if it were all 
For SI OO We will send 1 plant each, 2 years old, a Aoweeuraentee 
i Pier neers Pe cee Tear gh The aesthetic profits in employing a land- 
They are all perfectly hardy, and when established, will bloom on : i 
and on, year after year, with little or no attention, and make a hand- scape architect are much better known than 


Sot Pay Deano wers ever asc occn: the practical advantages; which is unfortunate 


of Northern Grown Seeds, Plants, i he landscape 
Free Book Bulbs, Fruits, Shrubs and Trees. RK because many people consider : pes? if 1 
architect a luxury, whereas his services shou 
L. L. MAY & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, ST. PAUL, MINN. Dy 


be as necessary as those of the architect. 
*‘MOST NORTHERN NURSERIES IN AMERICA’? ECE KLE CEG YS y 


aD 


ISD SOROS ERR EY 


>>> 


March, 1909 WV keAN TONES, AND GARDENS xvii 


Small House Number of 


AMERICAN 
HOMES & GARDENS 
APRIL, 1909 


HE artistic and inexpensive house is the chief de- 

mand of the home seeker of to-day. For that 

reason the April, 1909, number of American Homes 
and Gardens will be a SPECIAL SMALL HOUSE 
NUMBER. : 

This issue will contain a vast amount of valuable 
information for the prospective home builder. It will 
tell him how to select a country site; how the various 
rooms .of the house should be planned; the style of 
architecture in which the house should be designed; the 
material of which it may be built; the kind of plumbing 
fixtures to be used; the heating system to be selected; 
the choice of the hangings for the walls, doors and 
windows; appropriate furniture for the home; the interior 
decoration features of the home; and the planning and 
laying out of the grounds surrounding the house, as 
well as the planting of them. 


The Artistic Expression of the Small House 
Is well explained in an article by Francis Durando 
Nichols, illustrated with fifty engravings showing 
exterior and interior views and floor plans of a 
group of model houses of small size and small cost 
adapted to the purse of modest size. 


Plumbing for a Small Country House 
By John A. Gade, is a very important subject. No 
part of a house needs greater attention than the 
laundry, kitchen and bathroom. Hence the economic 
and convenient placing of the plumbing fixtures, the 
kind to use, and the cost of the same are matters of 
interest to all prospective home builders. 


The Making of an Iris Garden 


By Samuel Howe, is an illustrated article showing 
how a swamp or lowland can be developed and 
transformed into a beautiful iris garden. 


Decorative Features in the Small Home 
By Alice M. Kellogg, presents in a brief way, with 
ten illustrations, artistic schemes of covering the 
floors and walls of the house, harmonious and appro- 
priate hangings for the doors and windows, with 
numerous suggestions for the decorating of the vari- 
ous rooms of the house. 


A Group of Model Motor Houses for the Small 
Country Place 


By Ralph de Martin, forms two pages of illustra- 
tions and sets forth the best designs for a small 
motor house suitable for the accommodation of one 
motor car and with sufficient space for a work bench. 


Home-Made Novelties for the Country House 
By Mabel Tuke Priestman, treats of the conversion 
of unlikely things into useful articles, and the illus- 
trations show the results. 


The Evolution of the Small House Plan 


By Joy Wheeler Dow, is an important article by a 
well-known architect on the economic planning of 
a small house, costing from $2,500 to $8,000. The 
plan and the various arrangement of the rooms is the 
first thought given to the house and is one in which 
the layman should be most interested. 


A Formal Garden and Pergola, designed by an 
Amateur 


By Alexander R. Holliday, informs the reader how 
an amateur planned and laid out his garden and 
how he built his pergola. Illustrated with plans and 
scale drawings. 


Proper Furniture for the Sma!l House 
By Esther Singleton, with illustrations showing the 
artistic and appropriate furniture for the house, and 
the proper position in which it is to be placed, 
together with an accurate treatment of the fireplace 
and mantel. 


The Use of Concrete in the Building of a Small 
Country House 


By Benjamin Howes, is a timely and comparatively 
new subject, and is one in which much interest is 
shown at the present moment. The article is pro- 
fusely illustrated with fifty engravings showing ex- 
terior and interior views of floor plans of small 
houses of various styles of architecture in which 
concrete is used with artistic results. 


The Heating Apparatus for the Small Country 
House 

By Allyn Frogner, is the title of an article treating 
in a practical manner one of the most important 
features of a small country house. How to heat 
and what is the cost? That is a question which has 
been well answered for the three respective systems 
of hot air, steam heat, and hot water. 


Problems in Planning the Grounds of a Small 


Country Place 
By Charles D. Lay. Mr. Lay has explained in a 
very concise form how the grounds around a small 
country place may be planted at a very low cost, and 
enumerates the best and most effective shrubs and 
plants to be used. 


This Small House Number 


Will contain 165 illustrations covering 52 pages, 
which will be enclosed in a striking colored cover. 


<) 


The price will be fifty cents. Those now subscribing 
for American Homes and Gardens for the year will 
receive it at the regular rate. Subscription price $3.00 
per year. 


MUNN &@ COMPANY, Publishers 
361 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY 


FIFTY FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 


‘ae 


Ler yl 


E e: mM boll 


y 


a oe 
(a 
fF " 


| ih il 


yi 


i 


“Guaranteed” 


Architects are cautioned that there are many guarantee 
labels being used on porcelain enameled iron plumbing 
fixtures, and that in accepting a guaranteed tub, it will 
be the part of caution to identify the firm issuing the guar- 
antee label as to financial responsibility and record of 
having made good, in a broad way, all that a guarantee 
label both states and implies. 

The WOLFF GUARANTEE is fifty-three years old, 
and during that time has made a reputation for itself unique 
in the relation of a manufacturer to his product. 


The cost of tearing out and replacing imperfect plumb- 
ing fixtures is so great that a guarantee label must have 
a broader meaning on plumbing equipment than on any 
other branch of building equipment. The guarantee 
label that is not backed by reputation and undoubted 
financial responsibility is indeed an empty statement. 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Manufacturers of 


PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


‘The only Complete Line made by any one firm 


DENVER CHICAGO TRENTON 
Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


615 Northwestern Building, Minneapolis, Minn. Monadnock Building, San Francisco, Cal. 
Builders Exchange, Cleveland, Ohio. 77 Richmond Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 

1209 Scarrett Building, Kansas City, Mo. 1108-1122 Nicholas Street, Omaha, Neb. 
327-328 Bond Building, Washington, D. C 


BUILDING A BEAUTIFUL HOME IS EASY 


If you get the right plans from the right architect. It is not a matter of money, but of 
knowing how to design properly and plan economically. Idothis. Buy my books 
and prove it, or write me about your special plans. 

Picturesque Suburban Houses. By mail, $2.00. Distinctive designs for cemem, 
stone and frame houses from $3000 up. Complete descriptions and estimates, 
Book of Bungalows. By mail, $2.00. All new and artistic designs for one and 

, one-and-a-half story bungalows, from $1000 up. 
Picturesque Summer Cottages. Vol. 3. By mail, $1.00. Beautiful designs 
for stone or shingle homes, rustic summer cottages and bungalows. 
Camps, Cabins and Shacks. By mail, $2.00, Forty unusual and _ practical 


designs. Over half of buildings to cost between $350 and $1000. 
E. HOLMAN, - ROOM 14, 1020 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA, 


The Beauty of 


Cabot’s Shingle Stains 


is more than “skin deep” 


The colors sink into the wood, and form no painty 
skin on the surface, but give soft, velvety effects that 
show the beauty of the grain; while the creosote 
thoroughly permeates the shingle and preserves it; 
““Wood treated with creosote is not subject to 
dry-rot or other decay.”— Century Dictionary. 


Samples on Wood and Catalog sent on request 


SAMUEL CABOT, INC., Sole Mfrs. 


131 Milk Street Boston, Mass, 


Agents at all Central Points Maxyield Parrish’s Residence, Cornish. N H. 
Stained with Cabot's Shingle Stains 


xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


>‘F ragrance 


The Only Sweet Scented Dalia 
in the World 


Glistening single white flowers of large size, 
borne on long stems, having the fragrance of the 
honeysuckle. Flowers in profusion from August 


until frost. 
Young plants $1.00 to readers of this magazine only ; 
regular $2.00 each. This ad. appears in no other magazine. 


Send for free copies of Rawson s Garden Manual for 1909 
and Special Dalia Catalogue 


W. W. RAWSON @® CO. 


SEEDSMEN BOSTON, MASS. 


fe A Garden of Hardy Flowers Three Months after we Planted it 
Write for 


our Book PLANTS AND PLANS FOR BEAUTIFUL SURROUNDINGS 


it is full of invaluable information, illustrations of flowers and beautiful lawns. It shows how the modest as well as the most extensive 
grounds can easily be made charming and attractive. There is nothing more pleasing and delightful to cultured taste than artistic and 
properly planted grounds. We grow andimport all of the choicest hardy plants, shrubs, trees, box and bay trees for creating beautiful 
landscape effects in formal or natural landscape gardening. Write now lest you forget. It is free. 


WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES, Box 424, SIDNEY, OHIO 


The Johnston‘'BEST’? Water System affords you every convenience and /| 
s+) comfort enjoyed by people in thecity, 

Itis an efficient fire protection, adds value to your property at small ex-3 
pense and cuts out water tax and labor. We deliver anywhere, freight | 
prepaid. H 

Write us for complete literature and let ussend you an estimate. 


LJ) JOHNSTON MFG. CO. 1— WALNUT, KANSAS CITY, MO. | 


NEW BOOKS 


Tue Way oF THE Woops. A Manual for 


Sportsmen in Northeastern United 
States and Canada. By Edward Breck. 
New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Pp. 
17+436. Price, $1.75 net. 

Printed in a convenient form, with pages 
of small size and on thin paper, Dr. Breck’s 
book is a veritable storehouse of useful 
knowledge for the practical guidance of the 
sportsman. It is, in fact, a practical field- 
manual, intended to form a part of the kit 
of every camper, fisherman and hunter. It 
contains concise yet thorough and authorita- 
tive information on every subject connected 
with life in the north woods, such as out- 
fitting, fishing, shooting, canoeing, tenting, 
trapping, photography, hygiene, the protec- 
tion of nature and many allied subjects. Its 
scope is, therefore, of the widest, and being 
based on extended personal experiences, it 
possesses the uncommon value of brevity and 
merit. A distinguishing feature is that the 
author not only tells his readers what they 
should have, but where to find it and what it 
costs. ‘The latter item is likely to vary from 
time to time and with different localities, but 
this information is always extremely useful 
and convenient, and is immensely helpful in 
determining the cost of a projected trip. The 
author has been markedly successful in con- 
densing his very broad subject without in- 
juring the scope of his book. It is a book 
of distinctly practical value that even the ex- 
pert sportsman will find helpful. 


THE House Dicniriep. Its Desicn, ITs 
ARRANGEMENT AND ITs DECORATION. 
By Lillie Hamilton French. New York: 
G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Pp. 13+157. 


just this book. Its aim is to tell the rich 

how they should design, furnish and dec- 
orate their houses, or rather how they should 
have all this work done for them. ‘To a lesser 
extent it tells them what they should not have 
done, but that is too delicate a subject for 
even the graceful pen of this writer. As it is 
she has seen a lot of fine houses and been 
measurably impressed by what she saw. No 
one could possibly visit many houses of the 
very rich without feeling that here was a vir- 
gin field for suggestive criticism, and that if 
these worthy folk had but known how to 
spend the fortunes they lavish on their dwell- 
ings something very good, instead of merely 
something rich and lavish, might have been 
produced. 

This book does not pretend to be a guide to 
house furnishing, although much of it is con- 
cerned with this subject. But it opens a 
welcome door, and the sane comments and 
suggestive criticisms of the author should go 
far in making rich people seriously consider 
their tables and chairs, their beds, candle- 
sticks, rugs, and bric-a-brac. “There are no 
complete descriptions of houses, but each chief 
room is considered by itself, and numerous ex- 
amples and illustrations given for each. Nor 
does the author leave any doubt as to the kind 
of houses she herself is here interested in, nor 
the people she hopes to reach.. Her book deals 
exclusively with the costly house, and it is as 
an exponent of the costly life that she regards 
it. The book is charmingly done, written in 


OlRicer: has long been urgent need for 


March, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


an engaging style, presented in a sumptuous 
dress, and makes a really earnest appeal to the 
people it undertakes to interest. 


PracticaAL Farm Drarnace. A MANvuAL 
FOR FARMER AND STUDENT. By 
Charles Gleason Elliott, C. E. New 
York: John Wiley & Son. Second edi- 
fion. Pp. 15-188: Price, $1.50. 

The first edition of this valuable book ap- 
peared twenty-five years ago; it has now been 
entirely rewritten, with much new matter 
added, and has been modernized in every 
way. The author’s principle appeal is to the 
farmer, and this is very direct and eloquent. 
He aims not only to discuss the value of the 
proper drainage of land, but to tell how it is 
done. In other words, any intelligent person, 
with the proper instruments, and this book as 
a guide, could himself find the necessary levels 
and make the required surveys for his land. 
There is much undrained land lying valueless 
in America, because the mere cost of finding 
out what to do seems too great. Mr. Elliott’s 
book has, of course, its value for the engineer 
and surveyor, but his principal aim has been to 
show how the waste land may be made service- 
able and profitable. His book is an eminently 
practical and useful one, and has distinguish- 
ing merits of brevity and directness. 


THe SMALL Country Piace. By Samuel 
T. Maynard. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip- 
pincott Co. Pp. 320. Price, $1.50 net. 

This is a very comprehensive book, dealing 
with a vast multitude of subjects, and dealing 
with them, for the most part, in a very able 
and helpful manner. It is true the view of the 
cement-concrete house made of hollow bricks is 

a peculiarly offensive structure in appearance, 

and not much can be said for the taste that de- 

termined the selection of several of the other 
houses shown; but in practical matters, in the 
way to do things, in telling how to do them, 
and in practical advice of every sort, Prof. 

Maynard is entirely at home, always sugges- 

tive, often authoritative, and ever welcome. 

This book is, in fact, a true encyclopedia of 
information for the owner of the moderate- 
priced country place. The author has, for 
years, made an intimate study of the needs of 
just such people, and understands them thor- 
oughly. He realizes, as every one must, that 
these are the people who need to know what 
to do and how to do it, and he sets about ad- 
vising and directing them in the most direct 
way. His book is a model of its kind and his 
pages abound in home wisdom of the most val- 
uable sort. 


BACTERIA IN RELATION TO CouUNTRY LIFE. 
By Jacob G. Lipman, Ph. D. New 
York: The Macmillan Co. Pp. 20+486. 
Price, $1.50 net. : 

If this book were to be generally read by 
the farmer and agriculturist, to whom it 
directly appeals, it would do an immense 
amount of good and be immeasurably valu- 
able. Adequately illustrated and printed, and 
sold at a reasonable price, it offers nothing 
formidable save its stoutness, the considerable 
number of its pages, and its title to warn off 
the unwary reader. Yet it is a book of the 
utmost practical value, dealing with some of 
the weightiest of problems of life and agricul- 
ture; a book of practical methods and per- 
meated throughout with a lofty sentiment of 
human betterment through the humble means 
of water and soil betterment. One may not 
easily look forward to the time when books of 
this kind will be in the hands of every farmer, 
but one may naturally wish that such days 
were not far distant. Meanwhile the scien- 
tific agriculturist must do the best he can and 
put all his available information into available 
form. Dr. Lipman has here made a notable 


ARE YOU LOOKING 
FOR A MACHINE 
WILL 


plane out of wind, sur- 
face straight or taper- 
ing, rabbet door 
frames, rabbet and 
face inside blinds, 
joint, bevel, gain, 
chamfer, plow, make 
glue joints, square up bed posts, 
table legs, newels, raise panels, 
either square, bevel or ogee, 
stick beads, work circular mould- 
ings, etc., rip, cross cut, tenon, 
bore, rout, rabbet, jointand bead 
window blinds, work edge 
mouldings, etc.? If so, drop us 
a postal card, and we will send 
you a descriptive circular show- 
ing two views of our No. 62 
Universal Wood Worker. 


Write 
209-229 West FRouT STREET 


J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. 


No. 62. UNIVERSAL WOOO WORKER CINCINNATI, GHIO 


ae 9 


E WANT asample of wood finishing done with 
our preparations in your home. We will send 
the materials to do the work. Here they are: 


A bottle of Johnson’s Electric Solvo to quickly re- 
move the old finish — 
A bottle of Johnson’s Wood Dye (you to choose the 
color from our 14 different shades) to color the wood— 
A sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax to give that 
beautiful ‘‘hand-rubbed” effect — 


And our illustrated guide book for home beautifying which includes complete color 
card and tells how to’finish and refinish wood. 

No doubt you have some piece of furniture that you prize highly, yet do not use 
on account of the worn condition of its finish, or because it does not harmonize with 
other furniture or decorations. 

U-e this outfit, which we want to send you free, for refinishing it, and you will 
be surprised to learn how easily the work is done and the beauty of the result. 

May we send you these three packages, and the valuable six-color book, free 
at once? Learn from the test the beautiful effect obtained from the use of 


Johnson’s Wood Dye 


Itisnot a merestain. It isa deep seated dye—sinking into the pores of the 
wood and bringing out the beauty of the grain. When finished with 
Johnson’s Prepared Wax you havea permanent finish of real beauty 

and most artistic effect. We want to give you these three pack- 

ages at once. Send twelve (12) cents to partially pay cost of pack- 

ing and postage—using coupon below for your convenience. 


Johnson’s Wood Dye comes in 14 Standard shades: 


125 1 ight Oak LVo. 130 Weathered Oak 
. 123 Dark Oak No. 131 Brown Weathered Oak 
. 125 Mission Oak . 132 Green Weathered Oak 
. 140 Manilla Oak Yo. 121 Moss Green 
. 110 Bog Oak lo. 122 Forest Green 
. 128 Light Mahogany 172 Flemish Oak 
.129 Dark Mahogany 178 Brown Flemish Oak 
Half-pints 30c; pints 50c. Johnson’s Prepared 
Wax, 10c and 25c packages. Also sold in large 
sizes. For sale by all leading paint dealers. 
Send coupon today to 


S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. 


“The Wood Finishing Authorities” 


x1X 


Sete AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1909 


Good heating— quick renting 


The real reason back of many 
so-called renting bargains is usu- 
ally summed up in two words— 
poor heating—due to old-fashioned 
methods. The house not well 
heated is surely no home, and its 
value and rental shrink with each 
rapidly moving tenant. 


AMERICAN [DEAL 


RADIATORS BOILERS 


are being increasingly demanded by thousands who insist on being comfortably, 
cleanly, and healthfully warmed, without the toil and trouble caused by old- 
fashioned heating methods. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators will 
heat any building evenly and genially from top to bottom, and soon save enough in 
fuel, repairs, and household cleanliness to repay the cost of the outfit. These out- 
fits for Hot-Water, Low-Pressure Steam, or Vacuum heating do not rust out or 
wear out—hence are lasting, paying investments—far better than bonds at 6%. 


Whether you are “moving in” 
or “moving out,” whether 
landlord or intending builder, 
whether your building is OLD 
or new, farm or city, it will 
pay you well to investigate 
the particular merits of 
IDEAL Boilers and AMERI- 
CAN Radiators. Tell us of 
building you wish to heat. 


A No. 17-3-W IDEAL Boiler and 300 A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 400 ft.of |Our information and catalog 
ft. of 38-in. Reo Radiators, 38-in. apes rar Radiators, costing 

costing the owner $150, were used the owner $205, were usedtoHot- (free) put you under no ob- 
to Hot-Water heat this cottage. Water heat this cottage. ligations to buy Write to- 


day. Prices are now most 


At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. 
This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- 


tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions favorable! 
AMERICAN RADIATO RCOMPAN Y 
Write to Dept. 6 CHICAGO 


Public Showrooms and Warehouses in all large cities of America and Europe. 


SUS eae os owe os obs ale eos oe oe oss ese ots oe as oe oy 
IT SAVES COAL 


The Gorton Quick-Opening 
Steam Radiator Valve 


One-third of a turn of the lever handle will 
open or close the valve 


ARE YOU INTERESTED? 


Send for Circular and Prices 


GORTON & LIDGERWOOD CO. 


96 Liberty Street, New York City 


WHERE THE GOOD TREES | Plann Woaltiirpe mf Volume for 1905 
COME FROM. Bound Volumeso $3.50 


Chestnut Grove Nurseries. | ALMerican Momes "5,00" 


The hardiest, healthiest and best rooted trees, shrubs 


and roses to be found in America. Catalogue free. and Gardens ot barra eA 


E. S. MAYO & CO.. ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
Since 1880 MUNN & CO., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 


contribution to scientific agriculture, and has 
produced a book that, while it requires care- 
ful study, will, in its practical application, 
prove of real and lasting benefit to those who 
may profit by it. His book epitomizes the 
whole of contemporary knowledge on this im- 
portant subject to which it is a welcome and 
valuable contribution. 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 
(Continued from page tx) 


are produced. It certainly is unnecessary to 
grow this delicious vegetable with only an 
inch or two of edible tips. For pieplant you 
can take either Linneus or Victoria—Mam- 
moth is perhaps a little larger than Victoria, 
but neither of them are quite as rich flavored 
as Linneus. Everyone will need also a few 
herbs, according to his taste, and he will need 
parsley for garnishing. My choice among the 
herbs are sage and summer savory, the latter 
being a real addition to meats and soups. One 
or two pepper plants will be quite enough in 
any garden, but they are needed both for 
beauty and use. 


In a Southern garden we come first of all 
upon sweet potatoes and cassava; although we 
grow in Florida every one of our Northern 
vegetables, in perfection—only we have to 
employ more mulch, and can never forget 
that the peas and potatoes are in more danger 
from heat than from cold. Sweet potatoes we 
plant in furrows filled with compost and cov- 
ered with soil, so as to make ridges. ‘This is 
the old Cracker way, and it is the best. Cas- 
sava is a beautiful plant standing four or five 
feet high, while the roots are tubers from one 
to three feet long. We also make much of 
eggplant and okra, both of which like a warm, 
sandy soil. 

The vegetable garden should be a source of 
intellectual as well as bodily comfort, and 
should be as beautiful as a flower garden. In 
fact a good many of the vegetables, like curled 
leaved parsley, and some of the beets and car- 
rots, have exquisite foliage. The vegetable 
garden also opens a splendid field for com- 
petitive tests. Growing two or three sorts 
side by side gives zest to the work, especially 
if the sorts are of your own producing. Then 
you run across a lot of problems as to the rela- 
tive digestibility of different sorts of peas and 
beans and potatoes. You must learn to grow 
only the best things, and do it in the best 
manner. The vegetable garden affords an 
historical evolution collateral to that in the 
small fruit garden. Better sorts are created 
every year. Mr. Burbank began his career 
with the Burbank potato. As an economic 
problem the vegetable garden will give you 
about one-half of your living, and nearly the 
whole of it, if you have milk and eggs and 
butter and honey, and a wife who knows how 
to knead good-will and health into her bread. 
There is a lot in cooking, especially in cooking 
vegetables. You will need very little meat if 
you have a good garden, and you will be the 
better without it. I brought up my young 
folk meatless until they were seven years of 
age; then gave them their choice, but they all 
rejected it—yet they are stout, wholesome and 
intellectual. 


NORWEGIAN TAPESTRY 


Mrs. Oskar von Irgens Bergh desires us to 
state that the Norwegian tapestries illus- 
trated in AMERICAN HomMES AND GARDENS. 
for December, 1908, and which are referred 
to as having been woven by her, were both de- 
signed and woven by Madame Frida Koehler- 
Hansen, of Christiania, Norway. ‘The latter, 
in the text, is referred to as the designer alone. 
—EDITor. 


The Paint That 
Wears Best— 


Flow do you make sure 
you're getting the 7zight 
paint? ‘‘They say,’’ if you 
use White Lead and Oil 
sg you know just what’s zz 
your paint— But, there are a good 
many grades of white lead, and 
frequent adulterations. 

Then there’s boiled oil, and raw, 
cold-pressed, hot-pressed and steam- 
pressed; ‘‘aged” and ‘‘green’’ anda 
big difference in flax-seed, and 
danger of adulteration. 


So, how are you going to know? 
You can’t—neither can your painter. 
Then. affer you get your materials, you’ve 
got to take chances on proper mixing. 
You can’t be very cock-snre about that 
kind of paint. 
But you can be absolutely sure of 


All-ready-for-the-brush— _ 
When you use Lowe Brothers High 
Standard Liquid Paint—you know far 
more about it than merely ‘‘what’s in it,’’ 
—you can be absolutely sure of just what it 
will do— 
itis a paint so perfectly ground—the oil 
and the pigments so perfectly combined— 
That it works better and spreads better— 
covers from 50 to 100 more square feet to 
the gallon—And J/asts from two to four 
years longer than ordinary paints. 
There’s a High Standard Paint for every 
Linduro, Vernicol Enamel White 
and Interior Enamel are among them and 
are just what you need for beautiful rooms. 
Write for booklet—‘Zhe Owner's Re- 
sponsibility.”’ 
THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY 
450-456 E. Third St., Dayton, Ohio. i 
Boston, New York, Chicago, Kansas City 


7 SP 

ee 
OSC 
Wns 


a 
rought Iron Fence an 
Entrance Gates 


In harmony with house and grounds, im- 
prove the appearance of your home. 


Stewart's are artistic, practically permanent, and are speci- 
fied by leading architects. There are hundreds of este to 
choose from—elaborate ones and many of small cost as 
well. State work desired, how much fence you want, number 
of gates, style of house, etc. We will submit designs or photo- 
graphs and estimates, take measurements and erect if necessary. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Also fountains, vases, settees, 
stable fittings, tree boxes, lanterns and ornamentaliron. 

Write for booklet. Agents wanted. 


START qq THE Srewanr Ino 
2) (IRON FENCE] ORKS Co. 


1726 Covington St., CINCINNATI, 0. 
The LARGEST MAKERS of IRON FENCE in the WORLD 


ese. 


[MOTTS PLUMBING. 


i EEE Bl Re 


Bed LEON: Sey catehgh BA 


B 
i 


HE price of the enameled iron bath, porcelain lavatory and porcelain 
closet shown below is $84.85—an example of inexpensive Mott 


equipment. The illustration gives an idea of the beauty, and conveni- 


ence of the fixtures which this Company, with its unequalled designing §& 
and manufacturing facilities, can offer those who prefer to limit expense. 


A wide range of interiors from ¢85 to Vitreous Solid Porcelain and Enameled = 
. 8 . . * . 
$3,000, is shown in our booklet «*Modern Tron. Descriptions and _ prices are 
Plumbing.”’ Its value lies in its wealth of iven; also new ideas in decoration 
. 8 . B ge . 
suggestions. In twenty-four different and tiling. 


interiors you will see medel 
arrangements of the newest types 
of fixtures in Imperial and 


“<Modern Plumbing’ will be 
sent on receipt of four cents, to 
cover cost of postage. 


<= BATHROOM “VERITAS” 


a ene ead ie eeeragee — =e -— 
THE J.L. MOTT IRON WORKS i iy Rae ; 

: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburg 
1828 EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 1909 Detoits | Washington, /St. Louis, New 
FIFTH AVENUE AND 17ruH STREET Orleans, San Francisco and San Antonio 
N E W YORK Gi-rT y Canada: 83 Bleury Street, Montreal 


are the best made, best grade and easiest 
riding buggies on earth for the money. 


For Thirty-Six Years 


we have been selling direct and are 


The Largest Manufacturers 
in the World 


We Ship for Examination 
and Approval 
guaranteeing safe delivery,-and also to save 


you money. If you are not satisfied as to 

Style, quality and price you are nothing out. 

May We Send You Our Large 
Catalogue? 


Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg.Co. 
Eikhart, Indiana 


The expense and annoyance of painting will mot recur every year 
or two if you use 


DIXON’S SILICA-GRAPHITE PAINT 


the ‘'Proven Shield for Steel Work.’’ Durability records in all 
climates; write for a few. 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., 


JERSEY CITY, N. J. 


Comfort—Grace—and Convenience 


Co ee Morris Chairs (if they are built right, with good springs in 
NEY} the seat and back, and otherwise up to standard quality) are comfortable when 
you get them fixed just right. But when you’re tired and want to rest, the trouble 
of ‘‘fixing them right’’ is a nuisance. It takes away half the satisfaction the 
chair should give. 


is » The “Royal” Chair |. 
Fish the Button-and Rest renee 


is the modern Morris chair, combin- 
ing the utmost grace of design, ma- 
terials of highest quality and superior 
workmanship, with the specza/ 
patented Royal push-button fea- 
_ ture. . The push button, 
with the simple, sure 
mechanism which it 
operates, is the dis- 
tinctive thing 
that puts the 
-, Royal.Chair 
= in a class all 
see by itself as 
= =! compared with the 
very best old-fash- yas 


ioned Morrischair. hic 
4 
In no other chair 
are comfort and 
convenience found 
com bimnedaaaeabhe Mac 


“‘Royal” has no rod or te 
to fall out —you . 
don’t have to get up 
out of the chair to ad- 
. just the. bagk. =AC little 

Say button, just under the right 

» arm of the chair, does it all. By 

Footrest Slides Back simply pushing the button you can 
<>) | move the back either up or down, as 
: far as you wish, placing it in any one of nine comfortable 
and restful positions, and the back stays in the position 
placed, until the button is pushed again. 


Here is the 
Button 


The push button is the exclusive, 
protected-by-patent ‘‘Royal’’ idea. 
It’s so good that ‘‘Royal’’ Chairs are 
already in 200,000 American homes- 
beautiful, homes-comfortable. 


“Royal” Chairs are Made in 85 Styles 


in oak or mahogany — upholstered in fabric or leather, or jf Ets, 
with loose cushions— with or without footrest. They are os 
sold in furniture stores nearly everywhere, and cost no more — 
than the. old-fashioned, zof-convenient kind. Prices range — 
from $10 to $50. Write today for fully illustrated “Royal” | 
booklet and name of a dealer near you who sells the “Royale 
Chair. Address oie | 


ey 


ROYAL CHAIR CO., 128 Chicago Avenue, Sturgis, Mic . * 


el 


The ‘‘Royal’’ trade-mark is on 
every “‘Royal’” Chair. A guaran- 


| 


tee of chair-quality, chair-comfort, 


chair-conyenience. 


5 a j L 5 he 
See ae" 2 4 a) ees! Oe ae , 


APRIL, 1909 MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers PRICE, 50 CENTS 


$3.00 A YEAR 


A Stone House All in Praca 


HAT is, a concrete house. 


It is better in every way than a house built from stone, 


becaiee stone is not plastic, whereas concrete, in its liquid state, can be easily 


shaped in every architectural form. But 


the success of concrete construction 
depends on the quality of cement used 


oles e is one name by which you can specify cement and be certain, and that is 
“Atlas’---the brand purchased by the Government for use in constructing the 


Panama Canal. 


Atlas Portland Cement is absolutely pure. 
Purity in cement is as important for concrete pur- 
poses as is purity of flour for baking purposes. Atlas 
Portland Cement is also uniform—another highly 
essential quality. If you want to get all that you 
know is possible from concrete construction, insist 
on Atlas Cement. 

If you are considering the building of a home, 


Atlas is made in only one grade---the same for everybody. 


let us send you our books on concrete home building: 


“CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES,” handsomely illus- 
trated and unusually informing (delivery charges, 25 cents). 


“CONCRETE COTTAGES” (mailed free). 
“CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ABOUT THE HOME 
AND ON THE FARM” (mailed free). 
For the factory builder we have 


“REINFORCED CONCRETE IN FACTORY 
CONSTRUCTION” (mailed for 10 cents). 


THE ATLAS pPorttanD CEMENT CO.,, vent.10, 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK THE WORLD ~ OVER 40,00 CEM ES Poon 


PORTLAND > | 


NONE JUSTASGOOD 


AAANTHSONIAN 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


reasemetie quaint light- 
ing effects of the Orient we 
know of none more beautiful than 
the Japanese lantern, in its soft 
harmonious colorings. 


Built to Burn 


With truth these words might be written over the 
door of many a home in every city, town and village 
in this country. Safeguards against fire are simple 
and effective, yet few know about them or seek to 
take advantage of them. So that without the owner's 
knowledge, many a new house fair to look upon, is 


Ae with these so with other light- 

ing fixtures in Period, the 
ENOS conceptions notably con- 
form in every case with the greatest 
exactitude to the style of decora- 
tions required. 


THE ENOS COMPANY 


MAKERS OF LIGHTING FIXTURES 


nothing better than a fire trap, literally inviting ier ais esa ec reoee 
destruction. NEW YORK 

The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, willing Baltimore: 519 Nord Chicago: Ww. H. Cowan 
to serve property owners not only by paying in- zine tiee ee ves WaT ar 
demnity after loss but by helping to prevent fire, Se Monies N, OcNeleee Wx 7 Toronto: 94 King st 
has prepared by one of its experts a book, “Structural Seattle: Cox & Gleson == Spokane: Cutter & 
Safeguards for Dwellings.” It ought to be in the 


hands of every man or woman who plans to build a 
house of any kind. It has valuable suggestions about 
certain simple precautions and features of construction 


—inexpensive ideas which, heeded in_ building, ——_ ee hen ya 
greatly reduce the chances of fire. If you expect to g ; such de- 
build a new house or remodel an old one, send for es Rais 


this book. It is free, and its suggestions may save : Le so 
life as well as property. | ittle? 


O.S. LANG specie =" 


Designer and Builder of Attractive 
and Artistic Cottages and Bungalows 


HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO. 
HARTFORD, CONN. 


to Suit Every Purse and Every Location. 


Send me your book “Structural Safeguards for Dwellings,” 
q Send $1.00 for my set of 2 books full of hand- 
some Cottage and Bungalow designs—Every 
plan a winner—result of 23 years’ experience— 
‘The prices given in these books include all ma- 
terial and my personal supervision on the 
ground during construction—No extras—I go 
anywhere, and I am the only one who will. Be- 
gin now to get ready for next summer. Address 


advertised in “American Homes and Gardens.” 


0. S. LANG, 693 Seventh St., Buffalo, N. Y. 


Sample and 7 A House Lined with 


Circular 


Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 
The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 
out dampness, 


ANDREWS, JACQUES & RANTOUL, Architects. Boston 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


are cheaper than paint, for use on roofs and 
shingled surfaces, and will outwear paint or 
any other stain. Paint is bad for shingles for 
the reason that in drying it forms a skin coat 
at the base of the shingle which retains the 
water, thereby causing the shingle to rot from the 
under or unprotected side. Write for samples. 


DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
209 Broad Street, BOSTON 


Correspondence Solicited. 


LONGITUDINAL SECTION, 


Cin CHP) 1G U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


1 


i SE 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY: 


CEOSS-SVCTION THROUCH FLOOR, 


AGEN1S: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St., New York; John D-S. Potts, 
218 Race St.. Philadelphia; W. W. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, 
Pa.; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; 
F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane. Tacoma, Wash.. and Port- 
land, Ore. ; Klatt-Hirsch & Co., 113 Front St., San Francisco, Cal. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


BURLINGTON ‘ez: BLINDS 


SCREENS 


AND 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


Equal 500 miles 
northward. Perfect 
privacy with doors 
and windows open. 


Darkness and breezes 


in sleeping rooms. 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and 
outdoor veranda. 
Any wood; any 
finish to match trim. 


Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


Eleven Per Cent of the Deaths 


in United States alone 


are due to 


CONSUMPTION 


200,000 Persons were killed by the recent 
Earthquake in Italy, and the nations of the 
world are aroused to noble self- 

sacrifice in an endeavor to allay 

ae the sufferings. Yet fully as many are 
killed here in United States alone each 


year from Tuberculosis. Think of it! 


Read in the 
Metropolitan Magazine 


the series of articles which has been prepared and 
which show that Tuberculosis is a communicable, 
preventable and curable disease. The series will run 
through several issues. The first, in Apri, by 
O. F. LEWIS, oF THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION OF 
New York will deal with 


THE CAUSES OF CONSUMPTION 


The articles will be fully illustrated with striking charts, 
comparisons and tables, and will convey to the reader in 
the simplest manner all that modern medical science with 
its marvellous advancement of the past few years is able 
to teach in regard to the cause, prevention 
and cure of Tuberculosis. 


CONSUMPTION CAN BE AVOIDED AND CURED 


Place Your Order for the Entire Series at once. 


The APRIL Issue will be quickly sold out. 


THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 


3 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK CITY 


PULVERIZED 
SHEEP MAN 
S _ ee 


A Beautiful La 
and a \ 
: Riot of Wonderful Bloom \\ | 
in the Garden \ 


will come surely and quickly if Wizard N 

Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is used \\ 

for top-dressing and mulching in the 

Spring. One barrel equals two wagon \ 

loads barnyard manure. Is easy and 

cleanly to apply and brings no weed &.: 
\ 


en 
\ | $422 per barrel, freight prepaid 
=== Fast of Missouri River. Cash 
\\\|\i with order, Write for quantity prices 
and descriptive matter. 


The Pulverized Manure Co. 
No. 2! Stock Yards 
Chicago, fll. 


OLD COLONIAL $1 0 
SNAP TABLE— 

Solid mahogany, oval top 27x16 in., 
27 in. high, beautiful dull finish, 
hand carved pedestal and claw and 
ball feet. Can be used for cards, 
tea, bedside, parlor or smokers’ 
table, etc. I make Highboys, 
Lowboys, Sofas, Secreta:‘ies, Side- 
boards, Tables, Chairs and 
Colonial Reproductions of a// 
kinds at lowest prices. Write me 
what you want and I will send cuts and prices. 


PETER EMERSON, 1110 Old South Building, Boston, Mass. 


Van Dorn 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE @ 
STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


FArscoen: Sa 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


GASOLINE ENGINE 4° 
and PUMPING JACK 


GILSO 


JACKS TO FIT ANY STYLE PUMP 


$70 0O COMPLETE. COUNTRY HOMES 
. supplied with our system always 
have water. Will run ice cream freezer, churn, wash- ¢ 
ing machine, presses, meat cutter, dynamo, etc., etc. f 


SEND FOR CATALOG. ALL SIZES. 
f) 


PREVENTS DRAFTS, Dust AND WINDOW RATTLING. 
pps ji IVES’ PATENT 
Window Stop Adjuster. 


EAVY BED 


PATENTED. 

The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid 
sibs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening 
the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New 
Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free.) 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
<a = A ENTER Saal a ge es ee 3 66 99 
ia rm Tagik Sa ee ay le ee TTT DEFIANCE 
iad ee z cg ge a e 
E: eM —E— Wood-Working Machinery 
Zale VI Mo For Pattern Shops and 
e- Ging Pees General Wood-Work 
Fert \ b / hy; 
Ps S\N OY Ke Invented @ Built by 
Vb 


iy N the designing and manufacture 
of Period and Art cases to har- 
monize with any plan of archi- 
tecture or decoration, Steinway & 
Sons are the recognized leaders, 
as in all other departments of piano 
making—a distinction they have 
enjoyed for three generations. Every 


STEINWAY 


ART PIANO 


is a true representation of 
its respective period—a 
veritable gem of beauty 
and perfection. A visit 
to the Steinway Studios 
will reveal that, in these 
masterpieces of pianocraft, music and 
decorative art are so deftly blended that 
iney af once command the admiration and 
praise of architect, artist and connoisseur. 


STEINWAY & SONS 


Steinway Hail 
107-109 East 14th Street, New York 


(S+5mav Express Statior at the Door) 


Steinway Parlor Grand Piano in the 
period of Louis XIV, gilt and enameled - 


Water, Always Fresh 


ALONG with the great necessity and conve- 

nience of running water in a country 
home, goes the equally important necessity 
that the supply furnished be pure and fresh. 
From a sanitary standpoint the importance of 
this cannot be overestimated; it means the 
difference between sickness and health. Fresh 
water can only behad with an easily regulated 
source of supply. With a wind-mill the quan- 
tity of water in a tank cannot be regulated. 
On windy days the tank will get so full, that, 
for days or weeks, only stagnant water runs 
from the faucets. Stagnant water collects 


germs, becomes brackish, and has an odor 
which discourages its use; itis really danger- 
ous, On the other hand, with a HOT-AIR 
PUMP you can pump a supply when you want 
it—as much or as little as may be needed, 
thus your supply is fresh every day, Water 
is something which comes into such frequent 
use for so many purposes, that its quality nat- 
urally requires safeguarding just as carefully 
as that of your food supply; if it be kept fresh 
and pure, you are, in a large degree, insured 
against disease. The Hot-Air Pump, once in- 
stalled, lasts a lifetime. 


Be sure that the name “RIDER ERICSSON appears upon the pump you 
purchase. This name “REECO- Os “BEECO- protects you against worth- 
less imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, 
write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who 
will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. 
Write for Catalogue EF’, and ash for reduced price-list. 
(Also builders of the new ‘“Reeco’’=Electric Pump) 


RIDER-ERICSSON 


35 Warren Street, New York 
239 Franklin Street. Boston 


40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 


ENGINE Co. 


40 North 7th Street. Philadelphia 
234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q. 
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W. 


Hot-Air Pump 


DEFIANCE, OHIO 


24-Inch Single Surface Planer 


Terra Cotta & Pottery 


for Garden and Home 


UR collection of garden pottery includes 

reproductions of the antique and many 
exclusive designs insun dials, flower pots, 
vases, benches and other garden furniture. 
Terra Cotta is strong and durable. Our 
prices are reasonable. 


Send for Booklet showing choice selection 
of our work 


William Galloway 


3222 Walnut Street PHILADELPHIA 


HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE: 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner —also_ makes brilliant _ illumination. IF 
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Better than City Gas or Elec- 


tricity and at Less Cost. 


Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


you install the 


With the KewaneeSystem 
there is no elevated or attic 
tank exposed to all extremes 
in weather conditions. No 
freeze-ups in winter and no 
warm stagnant water in 
summer. Instead, a Kewa= 
nee Pneumatic Tank is 
located in the cellar, or 
buried in the ground. It 
cannot leak, freeze, over- 
flow or collapse. 


Pump the water from your 
well, cistern or other source, 
into the tank; and it will 
be delivered to the fixtures 
and hydrants under air 
pressure. First class 
fire protection assured for 
your buildings. 


Other Styles for Less Money 


Lane Brothers Company. 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie. NY « 


The Advantages of a 
Good Water Supply 


always possible with the 


Kewanee System of Water Supply 


Plenty of water at an even temperature, 
under good strong pressure, delivered to all 
parts of the house—bath-room, kitchen, laundry, 
etc.,—to the barn, garden, lawn—anywhere. 


Running water, ready for use at all times. 
All the conveniences and comforts of the best 
city water work system are at your service if 


Sob Eedears Trade 


Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 


Over 9000 Kewanee Sys- 
tems in operation, supply- 
ing water for country and 
suburban homes, farms, 
schools, public and private 
institutions, etce.,—over 
9000 water supply problems 
solved withabsolute success, 


The Kewanee System is 
the original water supply 
system, involving the use 
of air pressure instead of 
gravity pressure. There 
are imitations now—avoid 
them. Get the genuine and 
you will take no chances— 
weguaranteethat. Look for 
our trade-mark 
name plates on S82 
and pumping machinery. 


Kewanee Pumping Outfits 


Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished for any 
special pumping requirements. The same technical skill 
and practical knowledge required to develop and perfect 
complete Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution 
of individual pumping problems. 

No charge for expert engineering service. Let us 


help you solve your water probler- Write for our 
64-page illustrated catalogue No 36. . 


It is free. 


Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, I1linois 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Bldg., 50 Church St., New York City, N. Y. 
1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois. 
305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 


“LANE’S BALL-BEARING” 


is the 


Send for Catalog 


‘ 


THE HEATING APPARATUS FOR 
THE SMALL COUNTRY HOUSE 
By Allne Frogner 


T is difficult to offer advice as to what 
method of heating a country house is best, 
or cheapest, or most suitable. Experts differ 

in their recommendations for the same problem. 
It may be either heated by a furnace, by a 
steam plant, or by hot water. I believe that 
for the average unpretentious country house, 
the old-fashioned furnace, or rather new- 
fashioned furnace, is advisable. Its defects 
may almost entirely be counteracted by a little 
foresight and intelligent care. A furnace can 
comfortably take care of a country house, in an 
exposed location, of dimensions about twenty- 
five by fifty-five, or thirteen hundred and 
seventy-five square feet, with a cellar and two 
and a half stories above. 

It is cheap—its initial cost is very much less 
that any steam or hot water plant that 
might be installed. A cottage costing, say, 
five thousand dollars can have a good furnace 
installed for one hundred and seventy-five to 
two hundred and fifty dollars; one that costs 
ten thousand dollars, a furnace for three hun- 
dred and fifty dollars. The furnace must 
never be an after consideration—for a great 
part of its success depends upon its having been 
carefully located at an early stage of the plan- 
ning of the house. It consists of a stove 
usually encased in iron. Fresh air is intro- 
duced near its foot, passes over the heated 
surface, and is carried by pipes up and around 
to the various distributing points, where it is 
admitted through the registers. Locate the 
furnace properly, naturally in the cellar, and 
near the middle of the house, or, even better, a 
little toward the quarter from where come the 
prevailing cold winds, so as to heat the colder 
portions of the house equally with the more 
protected ones. ‘The cellar should not be less 
than seven feet six inches in the clear, and 
much better eight feet, so there not only is 
plenty of room for the furnace, but also for 
the proper rise of the pipes leading from it to 
the various ducts going through the house. 

As the air which comes from the furnace 
not only is for heating purposes, but also is 
breathed, a furnace should always be provided 
with fresh air, taken through a duct from one 
of the cellar windows or inlets on the side of 
the prevailing cold winds; more preferably 
from two, on opposite sides communicating 
with each other, and both controlled by dam- 
pers, so that the fresh air intake may be con- 
trolled according to the severity of wind and 
weather. A very little care in the regulation 
of the dampers will teach their use. The 
mouths of the cold air ducts should be made 
as nearly tight as possible, so as not to admit 
dust for distribution throughout the house. 

From the top of the furnace pipes lead to 
the various ducts rising to the rooms above. 
‘The shorter the runs of these pipes or “leaders” 
in the cellar ceiling can be made the better. 
They should be sloped at least one-half inch 
to every foot, and should be round, allowing 
the least friction to the air, about fourteen 
inches in diameter, of IX tin or sufficiently 
heavy so as not to rust, and, if possible, wrapped 
with an asbestos paper. Smoke and gas may 
be sent up the furnace flue, if close to the fur- 
nace, and the connecting or smoke pipe prop- 
erly run. The galvanized iron smoke pipe 
should not be less than what is known in the 
trade as “sixteen gauge’”—even better “‘four- 
teen.” The flue itself should be surrounded 
on all sides by eight inches of brickwork 
(country contractors will often assure you 
that four inches is “perfectly safe’), and 
should further be lined with terra cotta. Its 
size should be eight inches by twelve inches. 

The “leaders” connect with the registers 
of the first floor and the vertical tin pipes or 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv 


“ducts” which ascend to the upper floors. 
The latter must, if possible, be kept from the 
outer walls, and be run in the interior parti- 
tions. If run outside, the air which the pipes 
carry will be cooled prior to reaching its des- 
tination. The ducts should have one dimen- 
sion, about three and three-quarter inches, so 
that they may be placed between the two-inch 
by four-inch studs, and the whole surface 
evenly lathed and plastered. In front of the 
ducts insist upon expanded metal lath instead 
of the wooden lath of the remainder of the 
wall surface. Best of all is to have a double 
duct, the slight air space between the inner 
“and outer duct acting not only as an excel- 
lent non-conductor, but the double pipe being 
an additional protection against fire and sav- 
ing many a wallpaper from fading where the 
hot air duct ascends. 

Each register and room should have its own 
separate duct. Having several registers in 
rooms above each other, fed by the same pipe, 
is never satisfactory. “The placing of the reg- 
isters is important. Do not place them in 
front of a fireplace or under or in front of a 
window. They are best placed in the low por- 
tions of the wall. In the floor they are never 
pleasant to walk upon—they are in the way 
of rugs; dust and dirt are swept into them, 
which again is blown up into the rooms by 
the hot air and rebreathed. Set them in double 
boxes and in slate or soapstone frames. 

House-builders very frequently ask the ques- 
tion, “How large a furnace shall I purchase, 
and where shall I purchase it?” An architect, 
or the future owner, may easily calculate the 
cubical contents of his house, and turn to 
the manufacturers’ catalogue and find what 


size and cost of furnace will heat the given | 


multiple. The proper heating of the cubical 
contents is, however, very dependent upon the 
amount of glass surface, the exposure, and the 
construction of the walls. It is thus better 
rather to specify the make of the furnace and 
to demand that the heating contractor shall 
provide a furnace and run pipes sufficient to 
heat all portions of the house in zero weather 
to an even temperature of, say, seventy de- 
grees. Procuring a furnace of an excellent 
make, and one, above all, having sufficient 
radiating surface, is most important. It should 
never be complicated. If it is simple, it is easy 
to run, easy to clean, and it affords good venti- 
lation and general satisfaction. 

The steam and hot water plant are to 
the furnace what the automobile is to the 
horse. One meets the greater demands in 
place of the older or more modest ones. Both 
of the newer systems may be subdivided un- 
der various special headings, but as the more 
complicated and perfect systems are consider- 
ably more expensive, they can merely be con- 
sidered where the whole problem of the house 
is elaborate and costly. 

As the hot air plant may be divided into 
furnace, ducts and registers, so steam and hot 
water plants may be divided into boiler, piping 
and radiators. “The last two systems are very 
similar in their general construction and work- 
ing. In a steam plant the steam evaporated 
in the boiler is carried from the main or dis- 
tributing pipe through the various supply pipes 
to the radiators. As the steam ascends it 
cools and condenses, whereupon it returns by 
its own gravity to the boiler, either through 
the same pipe along which it ascended (single 
pipe system) or through a separate return pipe 
(two pipe system). In a hot water plant the 
whole system, boiler, pipes and radiators, is 
completely filled with hot water. The heated 
water expands and rises through the main 
flowpipe above the boiler, up through the cir- 
culating pipes to the radiators, gradually 
giving out a portion of its heat; the water in 
the pipes cools and returns again down through 


(Continued on page £x) 


LEUR-D E-LIS of the 


French, and Iris of our 
gardens, are admirable 
hardy border plants. There 
are varieties and colors in- 
numerable in flowers large 
and handsome, exhibiting 


beautiful shades and varia- 
tions. The great group of 


Japanese Iris 
Cris laevigata) 


are fine border plants, flower- 
ing in June and July. In 
congenial situations they grow 
3 to 3% feet and on stems 3 
to 4 feet long, produce flow- 
ers from 10 to 12 inches in 
diameter, and delicate as 
orchids. Colors are brilliant 
and striking, in shades of 
blue, purple and red; white 
marked with shades of these 
colors, and yellow, and pure 
white. We can select va- 
rieties to cover the full 
blooming period. 


ee } STRONG PLANTS 
Japanese Iris at Andorra 25c. each, $2 per 10, $15 per 100 


Those interested in collections of Japanese Iris and other perennial plants, 
will find our Calendar of Perennials of great value in their garden work. 


Our Spring Price List of Andorra Crown Ornamental Trees 
and Shrubs is now ready and should be consulted before placing 
your Spring business. 


ANDORRA NURSERIES 


WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Proprietor 


CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


This FREE BOOK means 
a Healthfully and Economically 


Heated Home — 
Send for Your copy- It's Free! 


Planning or Building a Home? 


_ Investigate carefully the methods of hygienic heating and venti- 
lation, especially the 


KELSEY Warm Air Generator 


for it is the only system that heats every room alike, economically, and 
also furnishes an abundance of fresh, pure air. So little can be told 
about it here that we earnestly request you to send today for this 
instructive book ‘‘The KELSEY Generator,’’ for it is worth having 
and keeping. 
Over 25,000 KEIWSEY Generators are giving perfect service in 
American Homes, Schools and Churches. Why not in yours? 
ETE 7 There is probably a KELSEY Dealerin your locality. 
ea ee Ae ee KELSEY Dealers are reliable and know how to install 
: heating systems properly. We will furnish plans, 
specifications and estimate of cost through the nearest 


dealer. 
. 154-L Fifth Ave. 
64 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N.Y. New York City 


It will help you with yours. 
Mailed for two 2c. stamps. 


Kelsey Heating Co., 


vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


WRITE FOR OUR BOOK 


Plants and Plans for 
Beautiful Surroundings 


It is full of invaluable information, illustrations 
of fowers and beautiful lawns 


It shows how the modest as well as the 
most extensive grounds can easily be made 
charming and attractive. There is nothing 
more pleasing and delightful to cultured taste 
than artistic and properly planted grounds. 

We grow and import all of the choicest 
hardy plants, shrubs, trees, box and bay trees 
for creating beautiful landscape effects in 
formal or natural landscape gardening. 


Write now, lest you forget. It is FREE 
WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES 


BOX 425 SIDNEY, OHIO 


PENTER CO. 


Manufacturers and erectors of high- 
grade Wrought Iron Railings & Wire 


FENCES 


have removed their offices to the 

Postal Telegraph Building 

253 Broadway, New York City 
Correspondence solicited — Catalogues furnished 

SPECIALTIES 

TennisCourt Enclosures, Unclimable Wire 
Mesh and Spiral Netting (Chain Link), 
Fences for Estate Boundaries, Industrial 
Properties, etc. 


trance 


The correct design, beautiful finish, and durable construction of the Morgan Colonial 
Door makes the Colonial entrance an artistic and practical success. 


Country Homes 


May enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


Economy Gas Machine 


Produces light, kitchen and 
laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but 
without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘‘ The 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
- 437 Main Street East, Rochester, N. Y. 


2, 


\ are perfect doors, built of several layers with the grain running crosswise, making shrink- 
| ing, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard-wood—birch, plain 
| or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 


Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md. 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


Ce ee Oe | 


Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan”’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. 


lI In our new book—‘ The Door Beautiful’—lorgan Doors are shown in their natural color and 
AM in all styles of architecture for interior or exterior use, and it is explained why they are the best 
and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. A copy will be sent on request. 


14 Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may he found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. 

Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 

‘ Distributed by 

\ Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland. 


= I 
6 (es 


““FABRIANO"' Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
Superior to any other hand-made paper 


F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 
and Materials F 


CEILINGS 


For Effectively 
Decorating All 
Kinds of Rooms 


CLINCH right through the 
standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 


TT Berger Bros. Co. 
PATENTED PHILADELPHIA 


YOU CAN GET THEM IN 


i ‘i t : ths ste Mey 3 
Appropriate Designs for Residences, Business Rooms, Auditoriums, Etc. 


@ Largest and most complete line of artistic STEEL Ceilings in existence. Covers the field 
so completely you can get just what is required, whether bold or elaborate designs or some- 
thing comparatively simple. a 
@ Before buying a Steel Ceiling of any description, get full details of Berger's “ Classik. 
ASK FOR CATALOG D-64 } 


The Berger Mfg. Co., Canton, Ohio Sf7.02" minnsapoi San Francico Atlanta 


BRISTOL'S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 

heric temperatures, and are designed 
For both indoor and outdoor tempera- 
tures. Send for new catalogues. 


THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEw YORK Branches CHICAGO 


April, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii 


An Artist's Home in the Berkshire Hills 


The region of the Berkshire Hills is so superlatively beautiful that 
it seems precisely the place for an artist’s retreat. Mr. Thomas 
Shields Clarke, the well-known painter-sculptor of New York, 
has long thought so, and has given abundant testimony of his 
affection for this lovely region in the handsome house he has built 
there. His home, “Fernbrook,’ is one of the most interesting 
places at Lenox, and is admirably described by Mr. Barr Ferree 
in his series of papers on “Homes of American Artists.” “The 
article not only describes the house and grounds in detail, but it is 
sumptuously illustrated with numerous photographs taken ex- 
pressly for this magazine, and never before published. The house 
is a fine type of the best domestic work of Mr. Wilson Eyre, 
and the grounds, designed and planted by Mr. Clarke himself, 
abound in matters of interest. 


Domestic Ventilation 


Mr. Thaleon Blake, C.E., has prepared a thoughtful and sug- 
gestive paper for this issue dealing with this most important ot 
domestic themes. It is full of practical suggestion and advice, 
and tells many things the housekeeper most needs to know. The 
article has been written expressly for the housekeeper, and is devoid 
of technicalities. It is abundantly illustrated with numerous plans 
and diagrams. 


An Old House Reproduced 


A page of interesting photographs illustrate a singularly successful 
attempt to reproduce a ‘design of the seventeenth century in a 
modern house. The pictures show how thoroughly adaptable this 
quiet old farmhouse-like dwelling is to modern needs. It is a 
simple and quiet little house, immensely suggestive, and shows 
what really good work can be accomplished by adhering to good 
old models. As a study in brickwork, too, this house has some 
useful suggestions. 


Flower Boxes 


The flower box has come into such general use as an aid to the 
exterior decoration of the house that there is now ample material 
for a study of its uses and the way in which it may be employed. 
Miss F. Maude Smith contributes a helpful article on this subject 
entitled “Flower Box Beauty,” and offers many practical sugges- 
tions on the care and maintenance of the outdoor flower box. Her 
article is handsomely illustrated with a choice assortment of ex- 
amples that offer many valuable suggestions to the flower lover. 


The Porch Sitting-Room 


The modern house porch is no longer used only as a means of 
getting into a house or away from it, but has become quite as 
much a “room” as any interior apartment. ‘The porch sitting- 
room and the porch dining-room are now well established features 
of most country houses, and are an integral part of the small house 
quite as much as of the more pretentious mansion. A double page 
of illustrations, crowded with interesting examples of these rooms 
from many different houses, abounds in suggestions of the most 
practical kind. Mr. Ralph de Martin contributes the article, and 
has something of importance to say on this subject. 


Monthly Comment 


The reader who misses this editorial page fails to get the full value 
of the magazine. Topics pertaining to country life are discussed 
with a keenness and freedom that is unequaled in contemporary 
journalism. It is good, strong advice that is given here, and every 
country resident will find something of interest and value in its 
trenchant paragraphs. 


Sabine Hall 


There is poetry and romance in the historic houses of old Virginia, 
and one of the most interesting of these fine old places is described 
by Miss Edith Dabney Tunis in her descriptions of Historic 
Mansions on the Rappahannock River. The illustrations not only 
completely show the house within and without, but include some 
of the rare old portraits and other objects of historic interest. 


Watercress Culture in France 


Watercress culture on a large scale is not generally understood. 
Mr. Jacques Boyer tells how it is done in France and writes an 
interesting description of the process. ‘The article is richly illus- 
trated and shows every step of the work from the beginning until 
it is prepared and bunched for market. 


A Modern New Jersey Home 


A rew house at Hackensack, N. J., is described by Mr. Paul 
Thurston, and is illustrated with views and plans. It is a happily 
conceived, modest little home of real decorative value. The article 
gives a complete description of it, and the photographs show ex- 
actly what it is. 


Ants and Bees as Pets 


Bees and ants may seem a bit odd as pets, but Mr. Percy Collins, 
who writes entertainly on this subject, makes their real interest 
very clear and evident. Every lover of animals and every keen 
sympathizer with nature will find a special pleasure in this article. 
It is illustrated with new and original photographs showing how 
these strange pets may be cared for and enjoyed. 


Penllyn House 


This is a picturesque residence at Ardsley-on-Hudson which is ably 
described by Mr. Francis Durando Nichols, and is beautifully 
illustrated with numerous photographs of the exterior and interior. 
The floor plans are also given, so that the house is presented in its 
entirety. It is a house of engaging charm, and exhibits many 
special points of interest. 


Creating a Small Country Home 


No contemporary writer on the country home has saner words of 
help and criticism to offer than Mr. E. P. Powell. He not only 
knows his subject, but is personally familiar with every aspect of 
it. In the present paper he discusses the general lay-out of the 
small country place, tells what to plant in the way of trees and 
shrubbery, and where to plant it. It is a practical, helpful article 
of the most valuable kind. It is illustrated with plans and dia- 
grams showing just how to make the best use of a small lot. 


Home Garden Work 


The notes contributed monthly to the magazine by Mr. Charles 
Downing Lay are full of practical help and suggestion, and are 
prepared for,the special need of the amateur and individual house 
owner, who wants his grounds maintained in good order but who 
must, in many instances, depend on his own exertion for what he 
accomplishes. “There is help here for everyone, and help of the 
right sort. 


Correspondence 


Problems in home furnishing are discussed monthly by Miss Alice 
Kellogg, than whom there is no more competent authority. Tell 
her how you are troubled and she will help you. And, when you 
think of it, tell her of your practical experiences that she may pass 
them on to others. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


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4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
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funn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American”’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


AMERICAN 


PAGE 
Tue House oF WALTER Ross WILDER, Esa.—An Old Flagstone Walk with Overhanging 


Shrubs 

Montuity ComMMent—A Promise for the Future 

THE ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF THE SMALL Country House. .By Francis Durando Nichols 
PLUMBING FOR A SMALL CouNTRY House By John A. Gade 
THE MAKING OF AN IRIS GARDEN By Samuel Howe 
DECORATIVE FEATURES IN THE SMALL HOME By Alice M. Kellogg 
A Group oF Moper Motor Houses FoR THE SMALL Country PLAceE. By Ralph de Martin 
Home-MapveE NOVELTIES FOR THE CoUNTRY HOME By Mabel Tuke Priestman 
EVOLUTION OF THE SMALL House PLAN By Joy Wheeler Dow 
A ForRMAL GARDEN AND PERGOLA DESIGNED BY AN AMATEUR...By Alexander R. Holliday 
FURNITURE FOR THE SMALL HOME By Edith Haviland 
Tue Use or CONCRETE IN THE BUILDING OF THE SMALL CountTRY HOUSE. 


By Benjamin A. Howes, C.E. 
CORRESPONDENCE: 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg 
GARDEN Work AxsouTt THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay 


The Heating Apparatus for the Small Country House. 
The Hot Bed. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


(Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should 1n all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


The house of Walter Robb Wilder, Esq. An old flag-stone walk with overhanging shrubs leads to the central terrace garden 
from which the entrance to the house is reached 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


+ 
— 
o 

-Q 
S| 
= 

Zz 


1909 


il, 


Apr 


Volume VJ 


Pe 


The Wilder house is charmingly placed in a setting of fine trees 


124 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Monthly Comment 


A Promise for 


HE comparatively inexpensive and small 
house dominates the April number of 
AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS. _ Its 
supreme utility looks out in every page in 
the engravings, and the text offers many 
helpful suggestions for the owners and oc- 
cupants of homes of moderate cost. Both 
editor and publisher believe that in this issue the true key- 
note of this magazine has been struck, and henceforth it is 
proposed that dwellings of this kind shall predominate in the 
illustrations, and that the text shall be expressly prepared to 
offer helpful advice and suggestion particularly adapted to 
the needs of the wide public for whom such houses are built. 

The plans laid down for the carrying out of this idea are of 
the most comprehensive kind, and the next few months will 
present many notable changes and betterments in the make-up 
of the magazine, changes which will render it more indis- 
pensable than ever to the home builder and the home creator. 


G a) 


THE house of moderate cost is the most numerously 
erected dwelling in America. It is the home of the people, 
and its beauty and arrangement, its decoration and utility are 
alike an expression of a national condition and a national 
taste. It is a type of dwelling that abounds everywhere, and 
the home-makers who live in it constitute by far the larger 
part of our population. It would seem as though a monthly 
magazine especially conducted in the interest of this great 
body of people must be of especial helpfulness and have a 
national character of the widest possible scope. 


THE magazine that helps its subscribers performs a public 
work of the utmost utility. This work can be accomplished 
in two ways—first, by leading and stimulating public opinion, 
and, secondly, by offering practical suggestions in response 
to personal appeals for aid. These are the true functions 
of a magazine of this character, and according to this plan 
the future of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS will be de- 
veloped, precisely as these ends have been its chief goal in 
the past. But the future holds promises of larger and 
broader work, for the magazine stands at the threshold of 
a new era of usefulness for the reader, and work on these 
lines—the leading lines of the magazine—will be greatly 
expanded and developed. 


THE great need of the day in houses is the convenient 
house. It is the house expressly adapted to the needs of the 
people who live in it. It is the well built, economically 
planned and designed house that everyone wants to have. 
It is the house which abounds with aids to housekeeping, 
and which, in the arrangement of the rooms and the shape 
and form of the walls, offers structural conveniences and ad- 
vantages to the occupant. It is the well-equipped house, the 
house that contains everything and ministers to everything, 
and does this in a helpful, economic way. This is the house 
of the future, even more than it has been:the house of the 
past, and the newest and best examples of this type of 
dwelling may be confidently looked for in each succeeding 
issue of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. 


IT 1s quite as much the province of the house to be orna- 
mental as to be convenient. [he two terms are not at 
variance, but are simply complements of each other. Nor 
is the ornamental house necessarily an expensive one, adorned 
with all sorts of costly devices, ministering to costly needs, 


the 


Future 


gorgeously furnished, and expensive to maintain. The orna- 
mental house is frequently as modest as you please, and its 
gracious exterior and pleasing form is but an outward ex- 
pression of the gentle, kindly life that goes on within it. The 
ornamental house—once the real meaning of the word is 
explained and understood—has as true a place in the eco- 
nomics of house-building as the convenient dwelling that 
offers a stern utility without a single redeeming grace of line 
or structure. In a very true sense the ornamental house is 
a useful house, and many interesting examples of this type 
are awaiting their turn for publication in our pages. 


THE modern house is a type of its own. It is the dwell- 
ing that is at once progressive as well as up to date. If in 
exterior design it does not necessarily illustrate the most 
advanced ideas, it is at least equipped with the most recent 
of household helps, and is especially designed in every way 
to meet the somewhat complicated conditions of modern life. 
The study of houses of this kind reveals many a practical 
idea and offers a host of useful suggestions, many of which 
are available for every householder. Watch the pages of 
the magazine for houses of this character, and see how much 
you may learn from them. 


THE creating of a home—which is a much broader theme 
than housekeeping alone—is not a natural gift, but a matter 
of development and study. Some develop the home more 
readily than others, but one must know both the hew and 
the why in order to avail oneself of the vast store of modern 
knowledge and experience in home making. The garner- 
ing of this rich store of knowledge has been placed in compe- 
tent hands, and the best results of the most comprehensive 
survey will be presented in a new and attractive way that 
will prove of the utmost value to every home maker. 


Tue house is the mere shell in which human life is lived. 
It represents the material side of existence, and is of no value 
unless it is occupied and used. Human life in relation to the 
house expresses the personal aspect of home making. The 
personal life within, around and about the house will make or 
mar it as a dwelling, and render the most beautiful architec- 
ture and the most skilful planning of little avail. A special 
series of articles will, from time to time, offer advice and 
suggestion from the best authorities on this most important 
aspect of the house and home. 


THE garden is the natural accessory of the house, the 
home beautifier, the crown and adornment of the dwelling. 
It is as necessary to a house as a roof, and more beautiful 
than the most sumptuous architecture. A series of articles 
will treat of the garden in its most practical aspects, will 
tell what to plant in it, what will grow under certain condi- 
tions and what will not, how the plants, trees and flowers 
should be cultivated, and what to do at all seasons of the 
year with the most available plants. 


A PAtTcH of vegetables is a source of great gratification 
to the small country place. Nearly everyone wants to have 
such a garden, and very many try to develop these humble 
sources of food supply. But vegetable culture needs to be 
known and understood, and the articles in hand and in 
preparation dealing with this subject have an unusual prac- 
ticability that the amateur gardener will find immensely 
helpful. 


April, 1909 


PVESRT CAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Artistic Expression of the Small Country House 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


long felt want, and we now have that 
coveted fulfilment, for the layman not only 
demands it, but architects have come to 
realize the fact that they must keep abreast 
of the times, and in consequence are now 
putting forth their best efforts toward meeting this end. The 
day for the “hammer and saw” house is fast disappearing and 
the elimination of the “square box,” once so frequently seen 
in suburbs, is becoming a 
thing of the past. 

The man with twenty- 
five hundred up to five 
thousand or seven thousand 
dollars, which he wants to 
put into a house, must have 
something in its design and 
its plan that will express 
his own individuality, and 
in order to meet this end he 


immediately below. To reach the level of the first floor, 
some fourteen feet above, and without either too long a 
single flight or too monotonous a series of steps, a four- 
foot stone wall was set along the drive, then a short path 
and then a grass terrace two feet high. Another short 
path leads to the main terrace eight feet high, along which 
the steps were carried and partially hidden by a steeped 
parapet. 

The exterior of the house (Fig. 1) is covered with rough 
plaster in its natural color, while the trimmings are painted 
a grayish green. The roof 
is shingled and stained a 
soft grayish green, blend- 
ing well with the trees 
which form the background 
to the site. 

The house is approached 
trom the main terrace (Fig. 


2) to a small covered en- 
trance (Fig. 6) opening to 
the hall. This is divided 


demands that the architect 


into two parts, one serving 


selected by him shall in- 


for communication to the 


corporate some of his ideas 
and suggestions in the gen- 
eral scheme so far as they 
may be feasible. 

The plans must be ar- 
ranged for the needs of the 
family, and the designs 
must be influenced by the 
site upon which the house 
is to be built. Having set- 
tled these two points, the 
restrictions lie only in the 
materials which are to be 
selected for the construc- 
tion of the house and the 
amount of money to be 
spent upon it. 

The illustrations shown 
in this article are represen- 
tative of the best type of 
small houses built in the 
vicinity of New York. 

The house of Walter 
Robb Wilder, Esq., at Bronxville, New York, which forms 
the subject for the cover and also for the first house illus- 
trated in this article, is a unique expression of the architect’s 
character and taste. It shows a house of marked individu- 
ality, and is essentially the creation of a cultured and artistic 
mind requiring congenial surroundings. 

When Mr. Wilder selected a foothill on which to place 
his house he chose it with a foresight for great possibilities. 
The lot has a forty-foot difference in grade from the front 
to the rear, as shown by the topographical map which was 
made of it as soon as the property was purchased. A tenta- 
tive floor plan was made, and with that as a basis the 
grounds were laid out to determine by what means this slope 
could be overcome and the approach to the house and the 
grounds harmonized. The northeastern corner of the plot 
being the highest, and giving the best outlook, was chosen 
for the location of the house, with the drive brought in 


1—The Wilder house rises up from the hillside as if it were a part of it 


various rooms and the other 
raised two steps, forming a 
little informal reception- 
room (Fig. 11) overlook- 
ing the main terrace, and 
from which the main stairs 
to the second floor ascend. 
The hall is paneled and 
painted white, while the 
walls are covered with a 
pea-green linen. 

To the right of the hall 
is the living-room (Fig. 9), 
with a great open fireplace 
at one end and the entrance 
to the main porch (Fig. 7) 
at the other, and opposite 
the hall a long bay (Fig. 
12) overlooking the lower 
garden. This room is fin- 
ished in oak with a beamed 
ceiling and Japanese grass 
cloth on the walls stained a 
dull gold. The fireplace has facings and hearth of dull 
green Grueby tile and a mantel of simple design, with book- 
cases built in at either side. The color scheme of the room 
in autumnal browns is most delightful. The windows have 
soft draperies over which are hung softer ones of brown silk. 

At the end of the hall is the dining-room (Fig. 10), also 
trimmed with oak and finished with a dark brown stain. 
The walls are covered with a green forest paper carried 
down in the panels of a skeleton wainscot. ‘The ceiling is 
stuccoed with a rough plaster in an effective manner. The 
corner fireplace with tile facings and hearth is the feature 
of the room. The floor is covered with a plain moss-green 
rug, and the furniture is a very black-brown, harmonizing 
well with the color scheme of the room. 

The second floor of the house contains three bedrooms, 
overlooking the terrace and lower garden. The bathroom 
has a wall covering of latticed paper with large pink roses 


126 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


2—The terrace wall of the upper garden is surmounted with a balustrade built of concrete 


hanging to the green trellis of the background. The servant’s 
room is over the kitchen, and is reached by a private stair- 
way. ‘here is one room on the third floor besides plenty 
of storage space. The basement is devoted to the laundry, 
servants’ toilet, storeroom, workshop, potting room, dark 


DINING Koork. 
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Pi ALL Lnlng Koork 


SSX ZB 


room and heating room. The heating is by the hot water 
system, and the radiators are concealed under the seats in 
the principal rooms. Having laid out the grounds to the 
extent of locating the house and the approaches with due 
regard to its future treatment, the main terrace was filled 


BED LO00/k 
VE-6X SSG 


3—The floor plans of Mr. Wilder’s house show a convenient arrangement of rooms 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 127 


4—The pergola in the upper garden forms the dividing line between 5—Numerous flower boxes filled with growing plants give the 
the garden and the woods beyond front of the house a brilliant aspect 


6—A corner of the upper garden showing the concrete tea table 7—The piazza is well fitted with simple and comfortable furniture 
in the foreground and is reached direct from the living-room 


128 AMERICAN HOMES ‘AND “GARDEDRS 


in to the level and formal 
beds with cypress plank 
edges were laid out on two 
axes, one from the hall win- 
dow and the other between 
two old cedars. A concrete 
balustrade was built along 
the top of the wall, and two 
seats and a small stand added 
to the formality of the gar- 
den. From the main path 
steps were carried up two 
terraces at the back, and on 
the upper terrace was built 
a pergola with stucco piers. 
Over this was trained a large 
grape vine, forming a dark 
green background for the 
beds of bright colored an- 
nuals and perennials; the 
sides being inclosed_ with 
lattice and covered with 
vines for the same purpose. 
Between the terrace and 
the drive the space was kept 
in grass relieved by privet at 
the side, rugosa roses at the 
entrance to the workshop, a 
mass of shrubs at the further 
corner of the house, and a 
border of peonies, nastur- 
tiums and perennials along 
the top of the drive wall. 
The lower garden is built 
below the drive, and it was 


8—Rough stone steps covered with masses of growing vines lead from 
the middle garden to the entrance to the house 


April, 1909 


this part of the grounds that 
was graded into terraces to 
give an effective setting to 
the house above. There is 
one long border, with the 
garden path between a cor- 
responding space on the 
other side for the vegetable 
garden, and the center space 
divided into the upper ter- 
race, the rose garden and the 
lower terrace. On either side 
of the rose garden is a long 
line of lilacs, while at the 
lower end are dwarf crabs 
and other flowering trees. 
At each corner are large tri- 
angular beds filled with per- 
ennials. 

In order to blend the for- 
mality of the house and the 
upper garden with the 
natural scenery the lower 
garden is treated less archi- 
tecturally, and has only two 
concrete seats on the upper 
terrace, a sun-dial in the rose 
garden and a hooded gate at 
the end of the garden path. 

The house (Figs. 13, 14 
and 15) of Mr. A. B. Con- 
nolly, at Forest Hills, Long 
Island, is built of fieldstone 
and brick. The piazza has 


concrete columns. The roof 


nen SN RE ITG 
. bt Re yee epee 


9—The living-room has an open fireplace with Grueby tile facings of dull green color 


April, 1909 PREPS CAN TITOMEST AND GARDENS 129 


10—The dining-room has oak trim treated in Flemish brown with 11—The stairs rise up from a broad platform on which 
Arts and Crafts furniture is arranged a reception-room 


12—The color scheme of various shades of autumnal brown used in the living-room is most effective 


130 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


13—The first story of Mr. Connolly’s house is built of stone and 14—Another view of Mr. Connolly's house shows the outline of the 


the second of brick 


roof forming a cover for the piazza 


is shingled. The floor plans (Fig. 15) are conveniently house built for Mr. Connolly, and is a design of English 
arranged. [he interior is trimmed with cypress finished feeling from the drawings of Architect William Adams, of 


natural. ,The liv- 
ing-room has an 
open fireplace with 
brick facings and 
hearth. ‘There are 


YITCHEN 
four bedrooms and SSIS E: 
bathroom on_ the er ee 
second floor, the 10 1X15 


latter furnished 
with porcelain fix- pee sane 
tures and exposed IB x [3 /0X 4B 
plumbing. ‘The cel- i 
lar contains the 
laundry and heating 
apparatus. Cost 
four thousand five 
hundred dollars 
complete: The 
architect was Ben- 
jamin Driesler, of 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 


15—The plans of Mr. Connolly’s house show an economic arrangement of rooms 


New York. The 
first story is built of 
brick and the sec- 
ond story of stucco. 
The trimmings and 
shingled roof are 
stained a) {soit 
brown. ~ Whe mst 
floor is trimmed 
with chestnut _fin- 
ished natural. The 
dining-room has an 
open fireplace of 
brick. The second 
story contains four 
bedrooms and bath- 
room, the latter fit- 
ted with porcelain 
fixtures and exposed 
nickelplated plumb- 
ing. Lhe cea 


The house of Mr. C. Wissel (Figs. 16, 17, 21 and 22), contains the heating apparatus, fuel room and laundry. 
also at Forest Hills, exhibits a distinct departure from the Cost five thousand dollars complete. 


16—Mr. Wissel’s house at Forest Hills, L. I., shows English characteristics in its design 


The small house (Figs. 18, 19 and 20), 
built for Henry B. Stone, Esq., at Milton, 
Mass., from the plans of Messrs. Winslow 
and Bigelow, architects of Boston, Mass., 
is in the gambrel roof style, with a stone 


Ling Loort 


DINING LOOrk. 
YUXIs 


| 7—First story plan of Mr. Wissel’s house 


underpinning and clapboards for the super- 
structure. The whole is covered with a 
shingled roof. It is painted brown with 
white trimmings. The hall contains a neat 
stairway. The living-room and dining- 


aw 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 131 


18—The small house on the estate of Mr. Stone at Milton, Mass. 19—Another view of Mr. Stone’s cottage showing 
is well adapted for a small family the conservatory 


Srore koore. 


Dining Koare 


12% 


20—The floor plans of Mr. Stone’s cottage show a pleasing disposition of rooms 


room are trimmed with natural yellow pine. The kitchen needs, and is the work of Messrs. Rossiter and Wright, 
and pantries are fitted up complete. The second story has architects, of New York. : 
four bedrooms and bathroom, and the cellar a heating ap- The first story is built of rock-faced stone, and the second 
paratus and fuel room for the heating of the house and and third is beamed, forming panels which are filled in with 
conservatory. Cost, four thousand eight hun- 
dred dollars complete, exclusive of the con- 
servatory. 

A house which is quite distinctive from the 


21—Second story plan of Mr. Wissel’s house 


style of the other houses shown in this series 3 
is the one (Figs. 23, 24, 25 and 26) built for LORE EAE: Gees 
William J. Tingue, Esq., at ‘““Brantwood,” 
Short Hills, N. J. It is designed in the half- 
timber English style adapted to American 22—Another view of Mr. Wissel’s house shows the brick and half-timber construction 


132 


rough plaster. The 
beams and trimmings 
are stained soft 
brown. The roof is 
shingled. The en- 
trance is into a lobby 
from which the hall 
isspeached.. Ihe 
stairs to the second 
story ascend from the 
left of the entrance, 
while to the right is 
the living - piazza, 
which is_ inclosed 
with glass in win- 
ter, thus forming a 
sun-room. This hall 
has a white painted 
trim with oak 
doors. The walls 
are covered with a 
two-toned red wall 
paper. The sun- 
room (Fig. 25) is 
stained and finished 
with a forest green 
effect, which is car- 
ried out in the green 
rugs, the green fur- 
niture and the green 
granolithic floor. 
The living-room 
has a fireplace with 
gray brick facings 
and hearth. This 
room has a green 
wall paper with 
large blush _ roses 
and white painted 
trim. The floor is 
covered with a yel- 
low, blue and white 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Fool 
Ke ; 


Inoe 


Ling Roort 
13x56 


D3KIS elo /SXI6 P 


[aes ca 
elo \O 
| Dari Dares 
5 al 
ees Hkh elo s| 
4 
Deoroore = 
PSXM =-4 Beoeoorx 
Eee 70 3* 


on-* 


am ectioes plans show the kitchen at the front of the house 


25—The sun-room, separated from the entrance porch, is in forest green and red 


Dé0 20074 Beco 20074 


April, 1909 


rug worked in a 
handsome design. 
The  dining-room 
has a green and yel- 
low wall covering, 
white and yellow rug 
with an old rose bor- 
der, and mahogany 
furniture. A distinc- 
tive feature of the 
plan is the position of 
the kitchen, which is 
built at the front of 
the house. The sec- 
ond story contains 
four bedrooms and 
two bathrooms, the 
latter being fur- 
nished with tile 
wainscotings and 
porcelain _ fixtures 
with exposed nickel- 
plated plumbing. 
Servants’ rooms 
are provided in the 
attic, as well as 
plenty of storage 
space, and the cellar 
contains the heating 
apparatus and fuel 
rooms. 
Th’. house (Figs. 
27 and 28) built 
for Mr. Garrett at 
Bronxville, N. Y., 
is a dwelling of the 
gambrel roof style, 
and is covered 
throughout with 
shingles stained a 
soft brown color. 
The interior is 


April, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


trimmed with cy- 
press and finished 
with a soft brown 
stain. Cost three 
thousand five hun- 
deed sdollars: 


Messrs. Stem and 
Reed, of New 
York, were the 
architects. 

The house (Figs. 
29, 30 and 35) 
also built for Mr. 
Garrett at Bronx- 


ville, N. Y., from 
plans by the same 
architects, Messrs. 
Stem and Reed, 
has_ rough - faced 
stone for the first 
story, and half- 
timber work for the 
second, the beams 
being stained brown 
with the panels 
filled in with rough 
plaster. The house 
shown in Fig. 36 is 
built on the same 
plan except that it 
has a different ex- 
terior treatment, 
rough plaster being 
used for the first 
story instead of 
stone, as in Fig. 29, 
and half-timber 
work with plaster 
panels being used 
for the second and 
third stories. This 
treatment shows 
how easy it is for 
an architect to 


27—A house built tor Mr. Garrett at Bronxville, New York, is shingled throughout 


/ERRACE— 


8 DINING Koort 
i IZ 412 


Ming Zoort 
I IZ 6 ML 


TT CHEN 
Yb 1-6 


28—-The floor plans of Mr. Garrett’s house are 


change the entire 
aspect of a house on 
the exterior by using 
different material. 
a chy orulsie: 1s 
trimmed with cy- 
press finished a soft 
brown color. The 
living-room has an 
open fireplace with 
tile facings. The 
bathroom _ has 


porcelain _ fixtures 
and _ nickelplated 
plumbing. 


The cost of each 
house complete was 
about four thousand 
dollars. 


Messrs. Stem and Reed made a departure when they de- 
signed the two houses for Mr. Garrett as shown in Figs. 31 
and 38. ‘The plan of the arrangement of the various rooms 


DED OO 
9 xIS 6 


simple in outline, the rooms well arranged 


is the same, but 
the architects have 
shown how very 
easy it is to design 
an exterior of a.dif- 
ferent style to ac- 
company a similar 
plan. Both of the 
houses have a treat- 
ment of clapboards 
and_ shingles, and 
the interiors are 
fitted up the same as 
the house shown in 
Figs 31. 9 ihes'e 
houses cost three 
thousand eight hun- 
dred dollars com- 
plete. 

The stone and 
shingle house (Figs. 
33, 34 and 40) also 


134 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


built for Mr. Gar- 
rett, and from 
plans by the same 
architects, is a house 
containing more DINING Poor 


JDX U7, 


rooms, and _ conse- 
quently cost more 
money to build. It 
is trimmed with 
cypress stained a 
soft brown color.’ 
The hall has a neat liling Roort, 
stairway ascending pat: 

to the second floor. 
The living - room 
has an open fire- 
place built of brick. 
The second floor 
contains five bed- 
rooms and a bath- 
room. This house 
cost four thousand 
eight hundred dol- 30—First story plan of house shown 
lars complete. in figure 29 


UTCHEN 
9 6X5 
Dining oor 
15X16 


Living Roort 
1/5 X/6 DB DEOL0O/L. 


/3 6Xx/7 


The story could, in fact, be continued al- 
most indefinitely. The small house at small 
cost is an economic actuality and an artistic 
reality. It is true there have been other ex- 


Dininc Loork 


12K/D 


ILYNG koore \! 
(2X22 . 


34— First story plan of house shown in figures 
33—A stone and shingle house 33 and 40 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 135 


DED ROOM, 
9.6x/35 


DED ROO/L ~ 
43-6 X/6-6 


35—Second story plan of house shown in 
figure 29 


DED Roorz 


i / 
Yirenten Citi) 
OXI 


Dining Keork. 


10 6X12-4 ‘Samal 
oaulyZ 
= 


ying KoGrh 
L [2X15 


DE DROOL 
/0-6X/5 


37—Floor plans of house shown in figure 38 


penses involved in the making of the homes rep- 
resented by these dwellings, but these expenses 
are, at the most, comparatively incidental, and 
are relatively unimportant compared with the 
actual cost of the construction and finishing. 


DED Poor“ 
10 6 */4 
DED LOO/L 


I2Z4#SS 


_DED COs 


4415-6 eS BEDLOOL 
1 X15-G 


39—Second floor plan of the house shown in 


figures 33 and 40 


38—A house of clapboards and shingles 


bg 7 ee z he 


40—Another view of house shown in figure 33 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Plumbing for a Small Country House 


By John A. Gade 


zx HERE is no more vital feature in the con- 

SD struction of a country house than its plumb- 
Al ing. No defects afford such discomfort as 
‘32 improper drainage, water supply and fix- 
tures. 

The principal features which the builder 
should strive to obtain are: A sufficient sup- 
ply of hot and cold water at all times and at all points, for 
cleaning as well as for flushing purposes; economical connec- 
tions; a piping system properly graded, connected and venti- 
lated; pipes of correct dimensions, run straight, with few, 
and no unnecessary bends, and provided wich the best turns 
and offsets and cleanouts; fixtures that are open and ac- 
cessible and of good materials. 

At some point outside the foundations of the house the 
sewer pipe connects with either the cesspool, the sewage 
disposal plant, or other point where the sewage is disposed 
of. This sewer pipe is generally earthenware and of a size 
dependent on the work to be done. Whether of earthen- 
ware or cast iron, it should be laid below frost. Care should 
be exercised in laying it to grade, this being proportionate 
to flowage and size of pipe. All the joints should be properly 
packed and thoroughly clean inside. The pipe should be 
so laid that it is not supported on its hubs. The house drain, 
or the system of pipes inside the house through which the 
sewage and the water from all the various fixtures are led to 
the sewer pipe outside, is naturally located at some point 
(generally below the lowest fixture) in the basement or 
cellar. It had best be made of cast iron, of the grade called 
“extra heavy,” and about four inches in diameter. This 
will make it sufficiently large to drain off properly the great- 
est quantity of water it may have to take care of, and still 
not so large that it is not self-cleaning. Before penetrating 
the house wall the drain pipe should pass through a drain 
trap or vent pipe fitting, which hinders the passage of foul 
air. Back of this point, inside the house, a pipe should be 
run vertically up through the walls and floors of the house 
to the fresh air above the roof, affording fresh air ventila- 
tion to the drain pipe. In running the drain pipe it should 
further be properly 
graded, about one- 
quarter inch to the 


foot, and be care- 
fully supported — 
best, if not neces- 


sary to lay it as low 
as the cellar floor or 
below this, hung 
from the various 
floor beams by gal- 
vanized iron hang- 
ers underneath the 
joists. 

The soil pipes are 
the only other large 
pipes in the house. 
They run from the 
most convenient 
point of juncture 
with the drain pipe 
up through the 
building to wher- 


ever there are plumbing fixtures. As they are pipes exactly 
similar to the drain pipe, they are large and unwieldy. 
They must be dealt with in the very laying out of the build- 
ing. If the fixtures are not so located that the soil pipes may 
be run parallel with and between the beams, the principal 
strength of the beams will have to be cut away for the run 
of the pipe. If possible, do not locate them in chases in the 
outer walls. ‘The soil pipe, like the drain pipe, should have 
fresh air. In the case of the soil pipe, it should be extended 
from the highest point at which it may take care of sewage, 
up above the roof, and its top protected by a wire screen. 

Not only should the drain and sewer pipes be ventilated, 
but every pipe from every fixture in the house should, at a 
point above every fixture, be connected by a pipe with a 
vertical ventilating pipe, bringing fresh air to every fixture. 
These ventilating pipes should be two inches where carried 
to water closets; one and one-half inches where carried to 
sinks, tubs or lavatories. 

In running the sewer and drain pipes, the house builder 
should see that cleanouts are left in accessible positions, , 
that proper pipes are employed wherever a horizontal pipe 
is run into a vertical one, that the openings about the pipes 
through the floors, ceilings and walls are tightly sealed or 
packed, and that the ends of the ventilating pipes come far 
away from dormer windows and in the least conspicuous 
places. 

The pipes carrying the water from the various fixtures 
to the drain pipes should be four inches from the water 
closets, while from the other fixtures two inches is sufficient. 

The pipes providing the house with water are the last. 
They should be made of galvanized iron and of different 
sizes. The connection which is made to the water main 
outside the house should be laid below frost and is generally 
one and one-quarter inches or one and one-half inches in 
diameter. This should be extended horizontally through 
the basement or cellar, as well as vertically up through the 
house in such courses as to give ready connections to all 
points of supply. The best sizes for the pipes or branches 
are, for those supplying bathrooms, laundry tubs, kitchen 

sink and_ outside 


An economical kitchen and laundry combined 


sillcocks, three- 
quarters of an inch 
in diameter; while 
a one-half inch pipe 
is sufficient for the 
housemaid’s sink, 
and one and one- 
quarter inch pipes 
necessary for the 
supply to stthte 
kitchen boiler. 
From the boiler the 
hot water main is 
carried up of the 
same size as the 
cold water main, 
and with various 
branches of  simi- 
larly corresponding 
Sizes. 

It is not expen- 
sive to install good 


April, 1909 


and sanitary bath fixtures. The 
size and shape of the bathroom, 
the relative position of the fix- 
tures, and the run of their 
pipes, should be considered be- 
fore you plan your house or 
before you install its plumbing 
fixtures. Of course, nothing is 
nicer than to tile the floors and 
walls up above splashing 
height, finishing the top and 
angles with sanitary molded 
caps and bases, easy to keep 
clean. A vitrified tile is more 
serviceable for the floor, as you 
do not slip on it when your feet 
are wet, while the glazed white 
tile looks better on the wall. 
But tiling is expensive, not only 
in itself, but because floors and 
walls must be specially pre- 
pared with concrete and wire 
lath to properly take and hold 
the tile. Tiling the floors and 
walls of the average sized 
bathroom up to a height of five 
feet will cost you about one 
hundred and_ sixty dollars. 
You can, however, obtain a 
very clean and waterproof sur- 
facing to walls and floors at a 
considerable less cost. There are many different makes of 
patent flooring consisting of wood pulp, cement, etc., such as 
Lignolith, Asbestolith, Taylorite, ete. They can be spread 
directly on the old or new wooden under-floorings; they last 
well and you can turn a hose on them as easily as on tile. 
You can have them finished in all colors. Run them also up 
a foot on the sides of the walls as a base around the room, 
rounding the angles, and then plaster the lower five feet of 
walls with a hard cement. The mason can line it off neatly 
with his trowel in six inch squares and finish it with a round 
molding for a cap. Five coats of white paint, the last two 
being enamel, will 
give a very close 
imitation of the tile 
and a very wasb- 
able and serviceable 
surface. Sheathing 
the walls with wood 
and varnishing it is 
an alternative, but 
not as advisable, for 
waterbugs will 
lodge in the wood, 
despite every pre- 
caution. 

A good shape to 
make a bathroom is 
eight feet by nine 
feet. The illustra- 
tion gives an ideal 
arrangement. It 
shows the bathroom 
having more than 
room for the three 
fixtures closely hud- 
dled together; it has 
also a convenient 
space for a chair. 
Nothing gives more 


4 GATH WASTE 
ZOOL BRANCH 


2VENT 


FANTRY SINK 


AMERICAN HOMES AND 


SOIL FIPE EXTENDED ABOVE FO0F > 


VENT RETURNED INTO SOIL 
ABOVE HIGHEST FIXTURE > 


BRASS SCREW CLEANOUT~1Sa 


SECTION SHOWING PROPER PLUMBING, 


A model kitchen well equipped with heating apparatus 


GARDENS 137 
comfort; you need it, to 
throw towels and clothes on. 
It further shows the lavatory 
and water-closet located against 
the outer walls, where the soil 
pipe connections are direct and 
short. You are able freely to 
get at the window, and the 
radiator underneath it, without 
having to lean way across a 
fixture; you are able to clean 
and dust around all the fix- 
tures. Your lavatory is placed 
where you get the best light on 
the mirror above it, and you can 
brush your hair or shave in the 
most convenient manner. The 
narrowest you can make a bath- 
room is five feet six inches. The 
shortest length the three fixtures 
can well be set in, side by side, 
is nine feet six inches. The tub 
TH is generally about two feet two 
I me inches broad by five feet long; 
i washbasins about two feet six 
inches long and twenty inches 
broad, while the water-closet is 
about sixteen inches broad and 
twenty inches deep. One must 
not, however, forget that the 
pipe and fittings which come 
underneath, around and behind all, take room. If the house 
builder is in doubt whether or not a fixture will go into an 
alloted space, it is wisest to ask the plumber for the ‘‘over- 
all’”” measurements. Placing a shower with a duck curtain 
around it—which neither rots nor smells like the rubber cur- 
tains—over the tub, is a great luxury in the summer, as well 
as a great time saver where several boys want to wash in a 
hurry after their exercise, and have not the time to wait for 
the successive filling and emptying of the tub. Of course, 
placing the shower in a compartment by itself is ideal, but it 
is costly. Placing the water-closet in such a manner that 
although its piping 
is directly connected 
with the bathroom, 
and it may be used 
together with it, it 
still is in an in- 
dependent compart- 
ment, and may be 
independently se r- 
viceable, even when 
the bathroom is in 
use, is also of value. 

The _ bathroom 
fixtures vary much 
in size, material, 
shape and cost. A 
five foot tub is the 
size most exten- 
sively used. The 
material for both 
tub and the lavatory 
should be porcelain 
enameled iron. The 
water-closet bow] 
should always be 
porcelain. In gen- 
eral these fixtures 
should have as 


138 


smooth surfaces as 
possible, and should, 
of course, be pro- 
vided with overflow 
outlets or connec- 
tions, so that the 
bathroom is not 
flooded by carelessly 
flowing faucets. 
Water-closets 
should never have 
any working mech- 
anism within the 
receptacle ; tubs are 
much more comfor- 
table with the waste 
pipes entirely out- 
side the tub, and 
lavatories with a 
waste rather than 
the chain and rub- 
ber stopper which 
seem so willingly 
to part company. 
Triangular corner 
lavatories may be 
purchased where 
there is not sufficient 
Siprarcies 10m 4) bect- 
angular one, but 
they are not to be 
recommended. The 
three necessary fix- 
tures may be pur- 
chased for about 
ninety dollars, 
though this is the 
minimum. 

It is a great bless- 
ing to have a maid’s 
sink located some- 
where centrally off 
the second story 
hall. It should be 
of either earthen- 
ware or porcelain. 
It will soon be 
found to save both 
tub and water- 
closet much wear 
and tear incident to 
the drawing of 
water, emptying of 
slops and scrubbing. 

After the bath- 
room has been 
properly prepared 
and the fixtures 
themselves correctly 
placed, the walls 
may be fitted out 
with the endless lit- 
tle furnishings giv- 
ing much additional 
comfort. These 
may easily be set 
into the tile or ce- 
ment of the side 
walls with expan- 
sion screws, but 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The fixtures are economically placed against the wall 


Plenty of elbow room for the laundress 


April, 1909 


make sure _ before 
setting them, for 
once placed, chang- 
ing them leaves 
unsightly marks 
upon the walls. 
Don’t put the towel- 
rack so that the 
towels will slide off 
into the tub; don’t 
put the sponge or 
soap rack so your 
head will hit them 
when you unsuspect- 
ingly get up after 
soaking in the tub; 
and don’t place the 
glass shelf over the 
basin where it will 
interfere with the 
mirror. Remember 
that face towels 
should hang near 
the lavatory. Have 
your little medicine 
closet, which need 
not be over four 
inches deep, placed 
in between the studs 
of one of the walls, 
so that it need not 
project into the 
room. 

The pantry and 
the kitchen and 
the laundry should 
be planned so as to 
come near the bath- 
room. Closely con- 
nected piping not 
only means consider- 
able economy, but 
also simplified pip- 
ing connections and 
better and more 
direct service. You 
will have straighter 
runs of pipe, fewer 
complications and 
connections, and 
quicker hot and cold 
water supply. 

A kitchen must, if 
possible, be clean 
and cool, well ventt- 
lated and _ service- 
able. Intelligent 
planning and fitting 
up makes it so, more 
than a big purse. It 
must both be and 
look clean. There, 
as in the bathroom, 
a painted cement 
wainscot is splendid. 
Back of the range 
a white enameled 
brick will, at very. 
little additional ex- 
pense, look much 


April, 1909 AMERICAN 
better than the usual red 
pressed brick. It need never 
be painted, a mere cloth will 
when necessary keep it clean. 
If a few coats of paint above 
the wainscot prove too ex- 
pensive, nothing will look 
cleaner than a few rolls of 
unfigured enameled tile wall- 
paper costing about thirty 
cents a roll. 

Tile flooring is not only 
expensive, but very hard for 
the cook to walk on. A wood- 
pulp flooring is here prefer- 
able—it is fireproof, so that 
it may be run up in front of 
the range, and the hearth en- 
tirely done away with. If 
you paint your side walls— 
and there is no better place 
to spend the money you are 
putting into your house— 
paint them rather buff or 
gray than white, they will not need freshening as frequently. 

Good ventilation of the kitchen is essential if your cook 
is to survive a first summer. If possible, procure a cross 
current of air by placing windows in walls facing one an- 
other. Place a hood over your range with a register under 
it to gather up the heat and smells into a ventilating flue. 
A kitchen is a working room, sometimes for the laundress as 
well as the cook, and must consequently be planned most 
carefully. A small gas stove does not cost much, and the gas 
bill is likewise slight. Your cook will soon find out how 
much less coal has to be carried, and heat and dirt is saved 
by it, and she will soon use the gas stove exclusively for 
breakfasts. Your yearly coal] bill will be much smaller. 

The boiler is not only in the way, but radiates a great deal 
of heat. It is well to cover it with asbestos and canvas jacket- 
ing, secured by brass bands and painted. The table where 
the cook works should not be near the heat of the range. 
The sink is best made of galvanized iron or porcelain, with 
a roll rim, about twenty-four inches broad and forty-two 
inches long; a good-sized ash drain board, slanted and 
grooved and merely finished with oil, will save the cook many 
steps. It must be placed where there is plenty of light, and 
the window sill behind it 
higher than that of most 
windows, so as not to leave 
an awkward hole for dust 
and dirt to collect in. 

Your laundry tubs ought, 
if possible, to be in a sepa- 
rate room, so as to keep the 
washing and the cooking 
apart, with all their inci- 
dental labor and disturb- 
ance. If economy forces 
you to combine them, you 
may very cheaply purchase 
a small combination set of 
fixtures, composed of the 
kitchen sink with a tub on 
each side, the sink drain- 
boards acting as covers to 
the tubs when they are not 
in use, and folding against 
the wall, back of them, on 
washing days. The kitchen 


GLASS SHELF 


‘LAVATORY 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


139 


A toilet and bathroom in two compartments 


g -0 ” 


FLAN OF BATHOO/M 


The space in this bathroom is economically used 


ceiling will probably be coy- 
ered with pipes taking hot 
water from the waterback 
and boiler to the various 
supply points, as well as 
cold water to kitchen, laun- 
dry and pantry fixtures. 
When correctly run and 
neatly hung in iron hangers 
to proper wooden cleats, 
they are not unsightly. Coat 
them with aluminum bronze 
and lay the valves so that 
any defect in the supply 
throughout the house may at 
once be checked by knowl- 
edge of the proper control. 

A galvanized iron tank 
costs about one-half as much 
as a copper one; it is not so 
good looking, but may be 
bronzed similarly to the 
pipes. A copper boiler is 
better, as there is no danger 
of rusty water in it. Place the refrigerator outside the 
kitchen, where the iceman can easily get at it from outside 
as well as the cook from inside. A one and one-half inch 
discharge pipe from below the pan leading to the cellar sink 
will save the floor from many a flooding. 

The pantry sink had better be made of planished copper, 
and as only silver or the glass and china of the table are 
washed in it, it need not be as large as the kitchen sink—six- 
teen inches by twenty-four inches is a good size. Making it 
of planished copper instead of porcelain will save many a 
plate from being broken, though a wooden mat will help 
a good deal if placed in the bottom of a porcelain sink. Of 
course, it should be placed where the waitress has good light, 
if possible, from over her shoulder. Do not close with cup- 
boarding the space below the sink, but leave it open and easy 
to clean. 

Provide for a gas outlet in the base of the pantry, near 
the dining-room door, for connections for a plate-warmer, 
especially useful in summer, when steam or hot water coils 
may not be serviceable for such purpose. 

The plumbing for the small house is a very important 
subject, and is one that should receive every possible con- 
sideration, not only from an 
economic point but also 
from a sanitary point. The 
plumbing for a small house 
can be economically  in- 
stalled, provided an intel- 
ligent selection is made of 
the various fixtures, and the 
position they are to occupy. 
From a sanitary point of 
view much thought should 
be given to the connection 
of the various fixtures. The 
sectional drawings on page 
137 show the various con- 
nections of the fixtures for 
the laundry in the cellar, 
kitchen and pantry on the 
first floor, and bathroom on 
the second floor. It shows 
soil pipes, vent pipes and 
connections, and waste 
pipes of each floor. 


BATH TUB 


TOWEL FACK- 


TOWEL FACK. 


140 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


The Making of an Iris Garden 


By Samuel Howe 


IN MANY parts of the country, ponds are a 
nuisance; they absorb undesirable and decay- 
ing vegetable and animal matter, afford a 
f 1 | NWO | bs] first-class breeding place for mosquitoes, and 
Ne 2 a shelter for all kinds of rubbish. Of course, 
this is the more marked when the pond hap- 
pens to be near the house. Yet, in spite of 
this undesirable quality, much can be done with it. To begin 
at the beginning, it is often wise to drain off much of the 
water, clean out the bottom of the pond and condense 
the stream into a narrow channel, and plant the newly 
exposed area with plants that love damp places. As to the 
movement, we get that by a clever adjustment and change 
of levels of the water. It can be made to run over stones 
and allowed to rest in certain well defined places. It can 
be held up at intervals so as to encourage movement. In 
short, if the stream is a nuisance it is mainly our own fault, 
because there are so many methods by which it can be made 
to shine as a living light in the garden. 

As a practical illustration of one of the methods by which 
this change can be brought about, the accompanying views 
of the transforming of the bed of an old pond near a road- 


amas /| 
) 


G 


The iris garden in sunken bed of the old pond. The rustic bridge is over the cut in a former retaining wall. 


way, at Chestnut Hill, Pa., will be of some interest. This 
pond became an iris garden. The stream held back by a 
dam, its outline changed and adjusted to the requirements 
of the plants, its depth greatly reduced, became a delightful 
and vitalizing force, very welcome in the picture. 

I give a rough sketch outline of the layout, showing the 
names of the plants and their location. From it will be 
learned that a rough rustic wall of stones, taken from the 
field and elsewhere, forms a rude terrace round the edge 
of the old pond. The wall is sloped toward the hillside 
so as to hold back the dirt, but care is taken to so lay the 
stones that they receive most of the rain and so nourish 
the roots of the small plants which are lodged in the joints. 
It also helps the roots of the larger trees which stand senti- 
nel-like round the pond, casting their lace-like shadows over 
the scene. These trees are a portion of the native woods, to 
which have been added a tulip, a maple and a spruce. The 
head of the stream has been raised to husband the water, 
shaping and controlling it, encouraging it to reserve its 
force for a leap into the new channel; and the retaining 
wall at the lower end has been reduced in height so that 
every drop can be drawn off in the winter season should a 


The iris is but just planted, 
A second season will greatly change things, filling the beds and massing the flowers in places 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOME 
severe frost make too much ice. The new channel runs pic- 
turesquely, shaping the beds in which the iris is planted. 
The iris enjoys swampy places, boggy pools and water mar- 
gins; its thirsty roots enjoy the marsh with its water soaked 
clay; yet some of the most robust plants are to be found on 
the hill or the roadside where it is dry and sandy. The iris is 
not a grumbler, is easily satisfied with its surroundings, mak 
ing the best of life. Yet, with all its royalty, it retains the 


S AND GARDENS 141 
better spirit of democracy by waiving class distinction. Per- 
haps in this it is somewhat unlike its rival, the orchid, in 
that the one will take what it can get and be thankful, while 
the other demands much and is often exacting in the 
extreme. 

The iris most admired in this collection, and deservedly 
so, is the Blue Jay, with its six white petals deeply overlaid 
with azure blue, enriched with white lines, and having at 


the base a blotch of bright yellow. The Vesta, with its 


three large petals of reddish purple distinctly veined with 


dark purple. The Victor, with its six porcelain-like petals 


veined with blue, and the 
Japanese Tris @ Vf ANC Upper Walk round edoe of Fond Venus and the Goldbound, 
(Uris laevigata) S”_ the first having three and 
© 5.Ogg H ip the other six petals of pearly white. 
@Gald bound. ae “a f Other plants do well here; water 
@RobatGaig BB B i Walling “Shau forget-me-nots and buttercups, bo 
@ Yenus Hl A LI Bt ie Jlobe, 2 hid a Ss 
c a H B 3 and! the = he orcnids an pim- 
@Bueky A A DAZ sothat athe Ran & pernel, ete. 
© lempleton # QM B ie } teaches Zt we No CA ‘Lower Walk, ‘ 
@ Pyramid, a "Sf } Phonts 5% oe jomls 
a a AG) nv a Z 
SOriole 2 \ f Walline + aR lodomen ; h 
OVesta « for Yar iatles, that ta eauire (drge-roat « T5pace O any 
© Zenobia p a “ZZ wi i 
OQualeress SN A Rhocladendrons ie “oadaean ane! edn and sy ero see Gres ie can AT 
ones . ancl ather eee . “This Cr chee St lanhn iste ag = 
ahogany lawering ie a Swi a cam W eve. ’ P % 
® Victor Dhirabs ee ere. nig aT ee £25205 z 


Another view showing at the edge of the pond the terrace and its sloping wal 
frame or foil to the iris. 


This makes an in 


| of fieldstones, the arbor, and the rhododendrons planted as a 
teresting change of texture 


142 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Decorative Features 


April, 1909 


in the Small Home 


By Alice M. Kellogg 


N FITTING up the small home it is well 
to remember that its decorative features 
contribute the larger share toward its at- 
traction. This does not minimize the value 
of a practical equipment of the general 
furnishings, but opens the way for accom- 
plishing that most exacting problem of our 
times, the creation of beautiful homes. 

Although these ‘‘decorative features” are usually a com- 
bination of color, design and materials, it is the quality first 
named that makes the most forceful, direct and pleasing 
appeal, even to those untrained in artistic principles, for the 
eye, once arrested by a happy grouping of colors, will over- 
look or disregard the lack of perfection in other details. 
Relying on this, the professional decorator often achieves, in 
an interior hopelessly ugly, some element of charm. 

As the majority of the home makers must accomplish 
their results by the process of slow accumulation, it is of 
vital importance to keep a clear image of the prospective 
“color scheme” or “color harmony” to which each selection 
for covering the floor or furniture, for hanging the walls, 
curtaining the windows and shading the artificial lights will 
contribute. 

Rugs and carpets occupy such a prominently decorative 
part in a room that 
one is wise to de- 
liberate well before 
making a _ choice. 
There is still con- 
siderable discussion 
over the tea cups as 
to the relative ad- 
vantages and disad- 
vantages of rugs, 
but as the semi- 
annual cleaning 
miseries are elimi- 
nated by their use 
the question seems 
on the way to be 
settled. 

It has taken a 
long time for the 
American mind to 
assimilate the fact 
that Oriental rugs 
are an enduring and 
decorative feature 
for the home, but 
where only a moder- 
ate outlay may be 
made the domestic 
rug must be = ac- 
cepted. As a com- 
parison of prices is 
often helpful, one 
may reckon the Ori- 
ental rugs from ten 
dollars a square 
yard upward, and 
those made in this 
country from a dol- 
lar a yard upward. 


1—Over-curtains contribute to a cozy interior 


The smaller and often broken-up spaces of the hall floor 
give an opportunity for using the foreign rugs with the least 
expenditure, and for this place one may look among the 
heavier weaves, Kazak, Afghan or Mousoul, for bold pat- 
terns executed in deep colors. 

This year the copies made in this country of the Oriental 
rugs are more interesting than ever before, as the colors are 
on a softer scale. Carpet that is woven in a rug pattern is 
available when sizes must be made up to fit unusual shaped 
rooms, halls or stairways. 

A wool rug that formerly was only made in Scotland is 
now being manufactured in this country, and at three dollars 
a square yard gives genuine worth in coloring, design and 
fast dyes. 

Now that the Mission furniture has established itself as 
being a desirable type for our homes, there has come the 
necessity for floor coverings to accord with its severity of 
style. This need has been met by a heavy woolen rug, re- 
versible and made in all colors with the ends finished with 
narrow stripes of contrasting colors. 

A noteworthy part of the revival of interest in all handi- 
crafts is the rag carpet weaving that has been started up all 
over the country. In the small home the rag rug will suit 
almost any room where there is not a great amount of wear. 

There is a _pre- 
vailing idea that the 
acme of artistic 
taste is reached by 
adopting a rug ina 
solid color, yet the 
mass of color is 
sometimes too start- 
ling to be pleasing. 
A soft tone is the 
safest selection if 
the plain rug is to 
be used. 

In bedrooms the 
floor spaces are best 
laid with rugs that 
do not need to ex- 
tend underneath the 
heavy pieces of fur- 
niture. By this ar- 
rangement the dust 
that always accumu- 
lates under the bed 
and bureau does not 
become imbedded in 
a wool or cotton tex- 
ture, and it may be 
easily taken away 
with a soft cloth 
tied over an ordi- 
nary broom. 

In _living-rooms, 
on the contrary, the 
large rug that leaves 
only an_ eighteen- 
inch margin of 
flooring showing has 
special advantages 
in safety of foot- 


April, 1909 AMERICAN 
hold, restful lines and a sense 
of space. 

Choosing a wall decora- 
tion is an artistic responsibil- 
ity that the unpretentious 
home shares with others of 
more magnificence. The old 
custom of waiting for a 
house to settle before paper- 
ing the walls is not followed 
nowadays. If the perma- 
nent finish is to be a tint, the 
plaster is applied roughly 
and careful thought is ex- 
pended on the choice of 
colors. A neutral hue for 
the halls makes it possible to 
use the positive colors in the 
adjacent rooms. A_har- 
monious linking of colors in 
rooms opening into each 
other is also worth the time 
and trouble to effect. If the 
best appearance is desired for 
a tinted wall the woodwork 
should be painted white. 

In choosing a wall paper 
there are several considera- 
tions to be met: The rug or 
carpet, the woodwork, the 
exposure and the amount of 
light the room receives by 
day and by night. The color of the window shades and 
draperies and the furniture covering also demand attention, 
and withal, there is the limit of cost. 

Amidst these often conflicting perplexities it is safe to 
adhere closely to conditions, regardless of the alluring dis- 
plays in the shop windows and the successful attempts in the 
homes of one’s friends. 

If the rooms to be papered are small the less pattern that 
is introduced on the walls the better. Invisible or broken 
stripes, all-over designs printed in two tones of one color, 
plain colors and texture effects may be drawn from. A plain 
paper may sometimes be brightened by pasting a floral or 
picture border just 
below the ceiling, 
but if the wall is 
only eight feet high 
the absence of a 
border is advisable. 

When two rooms 
are connected by an 
archway one wall 
paper may be 
used throughout. In 
northern and east- 
ern exposures some 
tone of yellow will 
mitigate the loss of 
sunlight. In sunny 
rooms the popular 
choice is a green 
paper, but a gray 
paper will give 
more unusual treat- 
ment, and borders 
or bands may be 
added for color 
notes. 

Picture 


| 
1 


| 


| ae | 
J 
ame a 


Be 
an : 


decora- 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


2—A foliage pattern is a decorative choice for a hall 


3—Bed cover and window curtains may be made of the same material 


143 


tion is often overdone in the 
small home. From the two 
extremes of bare walls and 
walls over-filled with unin- 
teresting pictures there would 
be little hesitation of choice, 
yet one finds the latter almost 
always the most in evidence. 
Mirrors, too, are indiscrimi- 
nately used and incorrectly 
hung. 

As window curtains have 
something to say to the out- 
side world of the taste that 
reigns within, their exterior 
effect is worth studying. In 
a city where only the front of 
a house is on view, the win- 
dow shades and lace curtains 
should present a uniform ap- 
pearance. In a detached 
house in suburb or country 
this rule need not be ob- 
served, but attention should 
be paid to the interior effect. 

Where the woodwork is 
finished in a dark stain an 
ecru lace may be used at the 
windows, and white or cream 
net for woodwork that is 
painted white. 

The heavy lace curtains 
that were in vogue a few years ago have been discarded for 
lighter fabrics, and many dainty novelties have taken the 
place of the conventional curtains by the pair. The home 
maker who is skilful with her needle may now fashion her 
own curtains with scrim, etamine, madras, grenadine, muslin, 
bobbinet, filet or mull, adding insertion and edging if desired. 

Over-curtains are so contributory to a cozy effect, espe- 
cially in winter, that they may be reckoned among the es- 
sentials in the decorative effects for the small home. ‘Their 
cost need not be excessive, as there are many varieties of 
draperies costing from seventy-five cents a yard and upward. 
Some of the Scotch materials that are sun-proof are particu- 
larly distinctive for 
this use. 

In bedrooms it is 
often possible to use 
the same goods on 
the beds and also 
for the window cur- 
tains. In a summer 
camp where the 
walls could not be 
papered or tinted, 
the chintz was 
sewed together in 
strips and tacked on 
the walls also. 

For pillow cov- 
ers for the divan 
and covers for the 
tables there are 
SOMmene|fanp) aunue:ste 
chintzes at only fifty 
cents a yard, and 
the same _ patterns 
AEP it mted on 
rough silk for two 
dollars. 


144 


How often one sees in 
homes of refinement an ugly 
piece of material “picked 
up,” usually, at a bargain 
table, doing service as a 
pillow cover, yet throwing 
out the entire color har- 
mony of the room. Econ- 
omy, too, is often wrongly 
practised at this point, and 
expense lavished in un- 
needed parts of the home. 

The character that a 
single small object such as 
the covering of a sofa pil- 
low imparts to a room may 
be estimated by the fact 
that one of the largest 
decorating establishments 
in New York City gives as 
much attention to filling an 
order of this kind and in 
relating design and colors to 
their environment as to 
matters of Jarger concern. 

In furniture coverings 
there are undoubted possi- 
bilities for pronouncedly 
decorative effects, yet the 
advantages of restraint are 
too apparent to require dis- 
cussion. Unsuccessful ac- 
complishments in this do- 
main are mainly due to the 


introduction of too many patterns and too great a variety of 
colors—a mistake that has been avoided in the room illus- 
trated in Fig. 6 by utilizing one material for the over- 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


~ 


LFOTERE 


is 


4—A good design, simple and strong, for a brass bedstead 


fashioned carved sofas. 


an almost plain surface. 


April, 1909 
curtains and 
work. 

Covering each piece of 
furniture with a different 
material gives too many 
points of expression in 
any one set of four walls. 
A noticeable improvement 
may be made by allotting 
one texture to all pieces of 
furniture that are built on 
the same lines. (This rule 
is elastic enough to allow a 
uniform covering on all the 
furniture when desirable to 
balance the effects.) 

Furniture coverings 
should blend into their set- 
tings without giving a shock 
of surprise to one who 
enters the room for the first 
time. Difficult as this may 
seem to accomplish it is not 
an impossible feat when 
samples of a good size are 
available for experiments. 

The textile fabrics to be 
had at this time are much 
more varied in character 
than the market afforded a 
few years ago. Haircloth 
in charming tone, in a self- 
woven pattern or in a mix- 
ture of colors, suits the old- 


upholstery 


Cotton and woolen tapestries are 
now made in small, set designs that, at a little distance, have 
In velvets and velours there are 


5—A thick curtain is needed to draw across a door-window at night 


6—Curtains and sofa cover are alike 


April, 1909 


new, original 
weaves. For sum- 
mer homes and 
cottages there is a 
surprisingly large 
collection of cre- 
tonnes, printed 
linens and linen 
taffetas. 

The center of the 
dining table affords 
an opportunity, not 
realized in every 
home, for decora- 
tive ideas in cut 
flowers and growing 
plants. The minia- 
ture Japanese gar- 
dens set forth in 
shallow Japanese 
bowls make quaint 
centerpieces. For 
flowers that grow 
on tall stalks, daffo- 
dils, narcissi, hya- 
cinths, tulips and 
lilies, the Japanese 
way of standing 
them in flat dishes 
supported by a pot- 
tery or metal holder 
is gaining favor. If 
potted plants are to 
be used on the din- 
ing table there are 
attractive Jar- 
dinieres to be had in 
Russian brass or 
copper, and rattan 
ferneries made in 
Japan. 

Certain other 
small objects that 
add a more purely 
decorative touch to 
the home are the 
ornaments for the 
mantel-shelf. These 
have so much atten- 
tion _ concentrated 
upon them and are 
viewed at such close 
range that the most 
careful thought 
should be given to 
their selection. How 
often one sees a 
complete disregard 
in the mantel orna- 
ments for anything 
approaching beauty 
of form or color, 
and how many times 
the eye rests unin- 
terestingly on a too- 
generous array of 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


7—A bedstead with cane head and footboard is a new departure 


9—A flowered paper always suits old-fashioned furniture 


145 


inferior articles. 
What to exclude 
from the mantel- 
shelf is more readily 
listed than what is 
best to place there. 
It is now generally 
conceded that fam- 
ily photographs and 
purely personal 
souvenirs are to be 
reserved for one’s 
private rooms and 
are not to be ex- 
posed in the formal 
rooms of the house. 
Amateur handicraft 
and the odds and 
ends that mark the 
season of gift-mak- 
ing should not have 
mantel space, nor 
should the memen- 
tos of travel that 
are interesting only 
for their associa- 
tions. 

With so much 
popular attention 
given to  stenciling 
(which seems to be 
taking the place of 
china painting, em- 
broidery and  py- 
rography) a wide 
range of usefulness 
is opened in home 
arts. 

Many unique 
stencil patterns may 
be applied on linen, 
crash and _ cotton 
crepe for the minor 
articles that are re- 
quired for home 
comfort — covers 
for the toilet table 
and bureau, laundry 
bags, handkerchief 
boxes, adding the 
touch of charm that 
only such exclusive 
work can bestow. 

In fact, whatever 
portion of the home 
is approached from 
the decorative point 
of view there are 
limitless resources to 
draw upon either 
through home talent 
or in the manufac- 
tured products of 
our own country 
and the importa- 
tions from foreign 
places, 


Simple and inexpensive 


A two-car garage 


AMERICAN HOM 


PAE F THE country home is 
not actually complete 
without its motor house, 
its utility and livability 
is greatly increased 
thereby. The motor 
may not yet compete 
with the railroad and the trolley in 
popularizing the country as a place of 
residence, but it has certainly greatly 
added to the pleasure of country life, 
and has aided and helped it in a multi- 
tude of ways. Many men who are able 
to look after their own cars, as well as 
drive them, now find it pleasanter and 
cheaper to live in the country than to remain in the city, where the cc 
of maintaining a car is considerable and the opportunities for using 
not always of the best. The small motor house, therefore, has come 
be regarded as quite necessary as an adjunct to many country place 
and since it is entirely devoid of complexity in construction, a modest ty; 
of garage has come into use, some types of which are shown in tl 
photographs on these pages. 

The small garage is, in truth, scarce more than the merest shelt 
for the machine. A certain amount of tool room is required, and sor 
appliances, but unless the owner is a natural mechanic these had be 
be of the simplest kind, since no one should undertake extensive 1 
pairs to a machine without a full and complete knowledge of its strv 
ture. Some tools, of course, will be imperative, since ordinary servi 
will demand them; but the workshop, as it is understood in large garage 
will be quite needless on the small place, and the building of the mot« 
house is, therefore, reduced to the problem of the simplest shelter. 

Four walls and a roof, with a window or two, seems to be all that 
required. The doors 
must, of course, be 
ample; they and 
the height of the 
walls must permit 
a sufficient head- 
room; beyond that, 
nothing more need 
be considered. Con- 
crete is a favorite 
material, since the 
concrete house is 
fireproof, but a con- 


eS 


AA 


An effecti 


S AND GARDENS 147 


crete house with a wooded roof is, of 
course, no more fireproof than one with 
wooded walls, and the latter material 
is also favorably regarded for inex- 
pensive garages. 

There are few structures that are at 
once so useful and so necessary into 
which the artistic enters so slightly. No 
structure on the house grounds is so 
unobtrusive or so modest as the small 
garage. Its design is practically fixed 
by its form and dimensions, and being 
strictly utilitarian in purpose calls for 
no unnecessary artistic features. One 
may, indeed, apply trellises to the 
walls, as has been done in one of the houses illustrated—to its great 
advantage, but the artistic problem of this small structure has yet to be 
developed. Meanwhile we may well remain content with the simplest 
of designs and with the most modest of exteriors. It is not so much 
the form of the house as the machine that it shelters. ‘The latter is 
quite outside the scope of these brief notes, and it is perfectly obvious 
that any sort of a machine may be sheltered in any sort of a building 
large enough to contain it, and provided with a suitable means of get- 
ting in and out. 

Being a modest structure, the modest garage seeks the retirement of 
the most modest spot on the home grounds. It has no functions on the 
lawn, nor does it properly belong in a conspicuous place. It need only 
be big enough for the demands made of it and sufficiently accessible to 
meet every requirement. It may, therefore, be imagined at the rear of 
the lot, or beneath some shadowing trees, or embedded in shrubbery. It 
belongs in just such places and nowhere else. And this is not because 
its modesty is unartistic or offensive, but because such a simple little 
building has abso- 
lutely no other place 
to which it is suited. 

By its nature the 
garage is small, 
modest and retiring. 
Its usefulness is 
Shea, DUtMIt 1S) 4 
quiet usefulness that 
is enhanced by 
narrow dimensions, 
simple lines and re- With trellises and roof balustrade 
tiring location. 


oup of 


tor Houses 
the 


intry Place 


de Martin 


EP EPSP La SEP aes eP 
a tp a 8B al 8D a Sk 


d. 


= 


An ample shelter 


Simple and inexpensive 


A two-car garage 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Sq F THE country home is 
{not actually complete 
“} without its motor house, 
its utility and livability 
is greatly increased 
thereby. The motor 


with the railroad and the trolley in 
popularizing the country as a place of 
residence, but it has certainly greatly 
added to the pleasure of country life, 
and has aided and helped it in a multi- 


A Group of 
Model Motor Houses eae structures that are at 


may not yet compete for the 


Small Country Place 


By Ralph de Martin 


crete house with a wooded roof is, of 
course, no more fireproof than one with 
wooded walls, and the latter material 
is also favorably regarded for inex- 


once so useful and so necessary into 
which the artistic enters so slightly. No 
structure on the house grounds is so 
unobtrusive or so modest as the small 
garage. Its design is practically fixed 
by its form and dimensions, and being 


tude of ways. Many men who are able 
to look after their own cars, as well as 
drive them, now find it pleasanter and 
cheaper to live in the country than to remain in the city, where the cost 
of maintaining a car is considerable and the opportunities for using it 
not always of the best. The small motor house, therefore, has come to 
be regarded as quite necessary as an adjunct to many country places, 
and since it is entirely devoid of complexity in construction, a modest type 
of garage has come into use, some types of which are shown in the 
photographs on these pages. 

The small garage is, in truth, scarce more than the merest shelter 
for the machine. A certain amount of tool room is required, and some 
appliances, but unless the owner is a natural mechanic these had best 
be of the simplest kind, since no one should undertake extensive re- 
pairs to a machine without a full and complete knowledge of its struc- 
ture. Some tools, of course, will be imperative, since ordinary service 
will demand them; but the workshop, as it is understood in large garages, 
will be quite needless on the small place, and the building of the motor 
house is, therefore, reduced to the problem of the simplest shelter. 

Four walls and a roof, with a window or two, seems to be all that is 
required. The doors 
must, of course, be 
ample; they and 
the height of the 
walls must permit 
a sufficient head - 
room; beyond that, 
nothing more need 
be considered. Con- 
crete is a favorite 
material, since the 
concrete house is 
fireproof, but a con- 


strictly utilitarian in purpose calls for 
no unnecessary artistic features. One 
may, indeed, apply trellises to the 
walls, as has been done in one of the houses illustrated—to its great 
advantage, but the artistic problem of this small structure has yet to be 
leveloped. Meanwhile we may well remain content with the simplest 
of designs and with the most modest of exteriors. It is not so much 
the form of the house as the machine that it shelters. The latter is 
quite outside the scope of these brief notes, and it is perfectly obvious 
that any sort of a machine may be sheltered in any sort of a building 
large enough to contain it, and provided with a suitable means of get- 
ting in and out. 
Being a modest structure, the modest garage seeks the retirement of 
the most modest spot on the home grounds. It has no functions on the 
lawn, nor does it properly belong in a conspicuous place. It need only 
be big enough for the demands made of it and sufficiently accessible to 
meet every requirement. It may, therefore, be imagined at the rear of 
the lot, or beneath some shadowing trees, or embedded in shrubbery. It 
belongs in just such places and nowhere else. And this is not because 
its modesty is unartistic or offensive, but because such a simple little 
building has abso- 
lutely no other place 
to which it is suited. 
By its nature the 
garage is small, 
modest and retiring. 
Its usefulness is 
great, but it is a 
quiet usefulness that 
is enhanced by 
narrow dimensions, 
simple lines and re- 
tiring location. 


An effective situation 


With trellises and roof balustrade 


An ample shelter 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Home-Made Novelties for the Country Home 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


CGADOMAGAY)HERE is a fascination about thinking 
NU A ee - : 

Sx out original things for the home, and this 
can often be done by using commonplace 
things which have little value in them- 
selves. In every home there are all kinds 
of articles that accumulate and which in 
time are thrown away because we have not 
found a use for them. It is, therefore, advisable occasionally 
to review what we have on hand and see if a useful purpose 
can not be found for them. 

Often very useful pieces of furniture can be constructed 
from useless lumber. Some girls who were furnishing a 
house on dimes needed a settee for their living-room, and 
not having the means to purchase even the most primitive 
frame, they had to plan how best they could make one. They 
converted three boards that they found in the cellar into a 
strong and substantial settee. “The lumber was rough and 
unplaned, but this did not matter. One strip was sawed 
in two for the ends, and the other two were just the right 
length. Legs were made from odd pieces, and these were 
pushed up to the top of the divan so as to act as a brace. 
The kitchen poker was then used for drilling holes on all 
four sides, and an old clothes line was drawn tight and 
woven from end to end and across, making a firm founda- 
tion for the old mattress, which was placed on top of this 
and covered with plain green linen reaching to the floor. 
This made a charming divan when piled with decorative 
pillows. 

A bookcase was needed for this room, and this was pro- 
vided by using the shell of an old bureau. ‘The divisions 
between the drawers were shelves for the books. Two 
spindles that had been thrown away acted as supports for 
the middle of the shelves. The bureau itself was used in 
the dining-room as a sideboard. The top drawer was re- 
tained, and, when lined with felt, made a convenient drawer 
for silver. A pair of cellar window frames made for a 
nearby house exactly fitted the space beneath the drawers, 
and after these were stained mahogany, the old bureau made 
an interesting piece of furniture—half sideboard and half 
glass closet. More lumber from the cellar made two shelves 
to hold the glass. A pair of brass hinges, a can of mahogany 
stain, two panes of glass 
and the frames were the 
only expenses for making 
both pieces of furniture. 

In a country bungalow 
that was built without a 
hall and with two doors 
opening into an extremely 
small vestibule, the prob- 
lem where to hang hats 
and coats was a serious one. 
An ingenious arrangement 
was thought out by the 
owners by placing wooden 
slats on the only vacant 
wall space, into which 
hooks for holding clothing 
were screwed. The middle 
space was planned to hold 
a mirror. A hinge seat 
held rubbers and made a 
convenient hall seat as well. 


Making a divan frame 


As there was only enough space for the front door to open 
without touching, the advantage of such economy of space 
can readily be seen. 

We have all experienced the inconvenience of having logs 
lying around waiting to be placed on the fire. When the 
supply is not kept in the room, and they are brought in as 
required, it is often a great convenience to have some re- 
ceptacle. Our illustration shows some lumber stained and 
arranged in such a way that it will hold one log or several 
according to the way it is turned. 

An old ironing table that was past service for its first 
use, took on a new lease of life from being stained an olive 
green. It made a useful addition to the porch in the summer, 
and was a handy seat in the hall during the winter months. 

A baking powder can may be converted into a useful 
receptacle for string by covering it with pretty cretonne, and 
making cardboard ends covered with the same kind of 
cretonne and about half an inch wider than the can. Two 
holes must be bored through the side for the string. A ball 
of heavy and one of fine string can be placed in this re- 
ceptacle, which, when hung up with a ribbon, is a useful 
addition to the home. 

The white wooden boxes sold for pyrography make use- 
ful Christmas presents. Unlined and ornamented with 
heraldic patterns, they make a much appreciated holder for 
men’s collars. Or, if preferred, these boxes may be lined as 
a workbasket, and when finished in dainty colorings are very 
acceptable to a girl. ‘They may either be burnt with a suit- 
able decoration or the box may be covered with cretonne 
pasted neatly over it. The outside is first covered and then 
it is neatly finished with a plain lining for the inside, prefer- 
ably sateen. 

In going through a market, baskets of all kinds can be 
found which can be brought into use for the home. ‘That 
in our illustration was originally filled with corn cobs, but a 
practical use was found for it by lining the inside and con- 
cealing the rough slats with a pretty cretonne. The girl 
who used this basket sadly needed more closet room, and 
found that by placing hangers across the top of the basket, 
she could hang two or three skirts in it at once. It was 
over forty inches high, and so the skirts did not touch the 
bottom. The receptacle 
was placed in a corner of 
the room and made a bright 
bit of color as well as a 
serviceable skirt protector. 
The same kind of a basket 
could be used for soiled 
clothes, and, being so nar- 
row, would take up very 
little room where space had 
to be economized. 

An ordinary toaster or 
gridiron can be converted 
into a receptacle for news- 
papers. Cut two pieces of 
cardboard the size of the 
gridiron, and cover them 
on both sides alike with 
plain sateen or cloth. Then 
neatly join the edges to- 
gether and baste the two 
covered pieces inside the 


AMERICAN 


April, 1909 


HOMES» AND "GARDENS 


149 


Burnt-wood collar box and string case made from a baking powder can 


gridiron, having first painted the gridiron with bronze, silver 
or gold paint. With ribbons to match the lining, the toaster 
makes a convenient and decorative holder. 

A woman who has an open mind for making use of rub- 
bish, will find the means for converting all sorts of unlikely 
things into useful articles. A unique play room was made 
for a baby out of an old wine basket. This was tied by the 
handle to the bedpost, so that if the child leaned over it did 
not tip over. He was too little to get out of it, but his arms 
were long enough to reach his toys when they fell on the 
floor outside of the basket. The mother, who did her own 
housework, found it invaluable, for if she left the room she 
knew the baby was perfectly safe. A soft little blanket 
was laid in the bottom and the gathered muslin with which 
the basket was lined could be laundered frequently, so that 
it was always kept fresh and dainty looking. A further im- 
provement would be to stain the basket a pretty shade of 
green, so as to hide the lettering, or a frill of cretonne could 
be used in preference. 

New bread trenchers can be put to a decorative use by 


An ironing table as a porch settee 


burning appropriate designs and using them on the plate 
rail in the dining-room. When carried out in the colors of 
the room or just in burnt tones, they may introduce a 
needed color. 

Interesting as it is to construct home-made articles for 
household decoration in this manner, it should not be for- 
gotten that all such work has its limitations. Home-made 
articles can not always compete with the products of the shop 
either in finish or in workmanlike qualities. In other words, 
they are apt to have a distinctly home-made character which 
sometimes detracts from their decorative value. This is 
less liable to be the case where such articles are made for 
one’s own use than when they are made for friends. Not 
always can the strongest affection sustain the test of home- 
made gifts which may very likely have no real or true place 
in another sitting-room or bedroom. But the ingenious girl 
or woman who has a handy knack at making things can 
often add objects of real use and beauty to her own room or 
home by exercising a little skill and taste. It would be a mis- 
take, too, for many persons to undertake work of this kind. 


Newspaper rack made from a broiler 


Clothes hamper made from a corncob basket 


Economic utilization of vestibule space 


150 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Evolution of the Small House Plan 


By Joy Wheeler Dow 


SO) HERE are intricate problems, many of them, 
“2 in planning the small dwelling—many an- 
tagonistic propositions which have to be 
met, overcome, harmonized or disposed of 
in some way, and yet a creditable and prac- 
tical way. To begin, there must be a front 
entrance with character—decided character 
and attractiveness. The old Colonial houses excelled in this 
respect. And there must be some sort of an entry, that the 
living-rooms may not open directly outdoors if the house is 
intended for winter occupancy. In the collection of plans 
selected and herewith presented, this entry has been restricted 
purposely to meet the object now to be stated—economy 
of money, of space, of labor in keeping the entry clean, for it 
is very often entirely forgotten in the planning of houses that 
they have to be swept and dusted or wiped with a cloth— 
every square inch of their interior surface—at frequent in- 
tervals, and that entails hard 
work for somebody. 

If it be a cottage large enough 
for one to think that servants are 
to be employed, as would be 
likely in a cottage costing as 
much as seven or eight thousand 
dollars — see these respective 
propositions—then a means of 
reaching the entrance from the 
kitchen without 
traversing the 
rooms. should be 
provided. But the 
smaller propositions 
are intended for the 
extremely small and 
unconventional meée- 
nage, without serv- 
ants, and_ particu- 
larly for the ever 
enlarging class of 
cultivated people in 
America whose incomes remain stationary or else dwindle at 
an inverse ratio, but whose very cultivation prevents their 
going backward. And this class is subdivided into families 
of three, two and even one adult, as in the cases of spinsters 
and confirmed bachelors, who are practically obliged to live 
alone, and who need homes very badly. Many estimable 
men and women are either driven into boarding houses or 
the homes of relatives for the lack of knowledge of just such 
an economical building proposition as the one illustrated in 
Fig. 1, estimated at twenty-five hundred dollars, and wherein 
perfect comfort and independence could be enjoyed. 

This compact and carefully studied arrangement of house- 
keeping accommodations incorporates about all the desiderata 
of a cottage plan. There must always be the generous living- 
room, and it should have a fireplace. The saloons of steam- 
ships and the living-rooms of many old-time homesteads are 
accustomed to being transformed into dining-rooms three 
times a day without the slightest prejudice to their self-respect 
and why not the living-room of a tiny dwelling? It makes, 
moreover, one less room to furnish and keep clean and heat. 
A parlor is not a necessity. 

The intervening china closet which separates the living- 


Kitchen 


10 @ KI2 Oo 


Living Room 
My" 0" x16) o 


First Story Plan. 
1—A $2,500 proposition 


room from the kitchen of this cottage is, however, an indis- 
pensable feature of every cottage plan, and there must be a 
kitchen closet or pantry besides, and a place for the ice chest 
other than in the cellar. In the more generous layouts ac- 
companying, the ice chest is always given a convenient niche 
close by the rear entry. 

Many housekeepers maintain that the range should have a 
good side light. All the ranges indicated upon the different 
plans illustrated are thus well placed. The gas range is con- 
venient, but not necessary if there be a coal range, and a coal 
range is most necessary, as every house requires a fire in it 
constantly throughout the summer so as to dispel that in- 
sidious dampness ever present in houses without fire and 
which is neither salutary nor pleasant. Consequently the gas 
range appears to be eliminated in problems of the strictest 
economy. It requires a separate connection of its own into 
the chimney to work perfectly, and that means a larger and 
more expensive 
chimney. 

A way of reach- 
ing the cellar from 
the kitchen is very 
necessary, and for 
the sake of econo- 
mizing space, is best 
made under the 
main staircase. An 
outside cellar en- 
trance is not neces- 
sary, but it is desir- 
able. A hall is not 
necessary, nor is it 
advisable insmal] 
quarters; but there 
should be a place to 
sit out of doors by 
whatever nam e— 
porch, veranda or 
piazza—we choose 
to call it. 

This reservation should never be contiguous to the front 
door, where it is proper for many business calls to be made, 
but should be so situated, while obtaining the best outlook 
afforded, as to give a degree of privacy, and the accompany- 
ing plans have been selected largely upon this account; the 
veranda is always private. Only the most hardened class of 
Americans now desire to live in public evidence. 

No matter what architectural effect should be desired, it 
must be accomplished and still provide for a third story or 
attic in every respectable domicile which may be dignified by 
the name of a complete dwelling house. All the plans pre- 
sented provide for a third story divided between a finished 
bedroom and an open attic. Note the stairs leading from 
the second story hall or landing in every case. ; 

This triangular air chamber means coolness and ventila- 
tion for the two lower floors, impossible of attainment with- 
out something more than the flattened dead air space between 
the ceiling and the rafters, which is part of the bungalow 
propaganda. Besides, the attic is a historic tradition 
of the Anglo-Saxon home which can not be ignored. But 
before touching further upon the personal and esthetic 
side of cottage building there are still other physical 


Second Story Plan. 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 151 


difficulties to be sur- 
mounted. 

The second story 
ballon Warn deine: 
should waste no 
room, yet have suf- 
ficient wall space to 
allow for a separate 
doorway to each 
bed-chamber, and 
an entrance to the 
bathroom goes with- 
out the saying. A 
modern bathtub, 
which is usually con- 
sidered necessary (it 
is not—we are bath- 
ing too much as a 
matter of strict hy- 
giene) measures 
two feet and six 
inches across its rim 
from side to side, so 
that it is an astonish- 
ing stunt to work 
Porch, one into a tiny house 


Cl Tera a ae plan as the bathtub 

is taken care of in 

am the thirty-five hun- 

| pela EG NDE 2 Se Soe dred dollar proposi- 
tion, and yet leave 

2—A $3,500 proposition space for three pos- 
sible bedrooms. 
Each bedroom must have a closet, and there should be a 
linen closet in addition; nor must we crowd the chim- 
ney stack, because an eight inch by twelve inch tile-lined 
flue there must be for the fireplace in the living-room or any 
other fireplace of 
ordinary dimensions, 
i. e., one foot four 
inches deep, two 
feet eight inches 
wide by two feet 
and six inches high. 
A cottage is ruined 
by too small a chim- 
ney stack above the 
roof, that is, archi- 
tecturally ruined. 
The chimney has a 
mission in the psy- 
chical world to per- 
LO want cih) as 
related only in a 
distant degree to 
that of carrying 
away for us the 
products of combus- 
tion. Make it big- 
ger than is_neces- 
sary, the bigger the 
better. Half the 
charm of the Eng- 
lish cottages is their 
enormous chimneys. 
So that a little 
money has to be ex- 
pended, not for 
show exactly, but to 
4—A $6,000 proposition satisfy the instincts 


of a cultivated mind 
which craves suit- 
able companionship 
in all its surround- 
ings. The hearth, 
the fireplace, the 
chimney—all these 
mean home as gas 
logs, electric lights 
and bronzed radia- 
tors never can. 

In only two of 
the plans forming 
the evolution from 
a twenty-five hun- 
dred dollar proposi- 
tion to one for eight 
thousand has a rear 
stairway been pro- 
vided, because the 
rear stairway, like 
the independent 
communication _ be- 
tween kitchen and 
entrance, is only in- 
dispensable where 
there are servants 
or likely to be serv- 
ants. In the very- 
low-priced cottages 
back stairs would 
come under the 3—A $5,000 proposition 
head of luxuries, 
and a luxury somewhat dragged in. The main stairway 
inclosed and reached from the dining-room, where there is 
one, secures all the privacy there is needed, and anyone may 
escape up this inclosed stairway entirely beyond the range of 
vision from the liv- 
ing-room, where an 
unexpected caller 
may be waiting. In 
an artfully contrived 
niche within the 
staircase coats and 
hats may be hung, 
receiving light from 
a leaded-glass tran- 
som, which in turn 
receives its light 
from a_ transom 
over the front door. 
Hats and coats may 
also be hung in the 
entry and_ rubbers 
deposited in a low 
closet under the 
stairs and opening 
into the entry. 

The thickness, or 
rather absence of 
thickness, of the ex- 
terior walls  indi- 
cates to everybody 
at all familiar with 
plans that these 
houses are intended 
to be frame houses 
finished with either 
weatherboards, FIRST STORY PLAN. 
shingles or stucco. 5—An $8,000 proposition 


Second Story Plan. roy 


Kitchen 


loon 


Diaing Room 
(Yo x12 


152 


Of the three, stucco has be- 
come the cheapest medium, 
but there is no very great dif- 
ference between them. And 
now a word about historic ar- 
chitecture, for other kinds are 
worthless for dwelling house 
construction. 

If our plan does not admit 
of historic treatment, then we 
must change the plan or else 
discard it, and yet of history, 
tradition, folk-lore, and all 
that delightful train of min- 
isters of grace, people habitu- 
ally think last. They do not 
understand that without these 
life-giving agents to the design 
nothing really successful can 
be achieved. The elevations 
which go with and belong to 
the several floor plans ex- 
hibited are historic and ortho- 
dox elevations, absolutely free 
from cant and modern inven- 
tion. Where a left-handed 
feature has offended in the 
process of assimilation of 
architectural design, that fea- 
ture has been promptly lopped 
off, as the Bible also has ad- 
vised. And only those fea- 
tures have been retained or 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


6—A $7,000 proposition 


April, 1909 


added that can be worked out 
true to their antecedents. 

Heretical though it may 
seem, a floor plan is really of 
secondary importance to that 
of its architectural integu- 
ment, and it must be worked 
out to fit and accommodate 
itself to some historic model 
of excellence, for the latter is 
the inviolable factor. Of 
course, it is infinitely more dif- 
ficult to do this than to force 
issues—solutions. It is much 
easier to force a balance of a 
double-entry set of books than 
to patiently hunt for the miss- 
ing discrepancy. Yet when the 
exterior and interior plans do 
finally come together, and bal- 
ance with a precision ap- 
proaching the click of a piece 
of machinery, what a satisfac- 
tory sense that everything is 
all right supervenes! 

The cost of a dwelling is 
computed by the cubic space it 
occupies, and to obtain the 
maximum amount of room 
and convenience, together with 
the minimum amount of ex- 
pense, is the object of the 
present writing. 


Kitchen 
V ToCellar 


A Formal Garden and Pergola Designed by An Amateur 


By Alexander R. Holliday 


GO) TERE are few occupations that give more 
\ satisfaction than the expression in construc- 
tion of one’s own ideas. Landscape archi- 
tecture offers a particularly inviting field 
for this enjoyment by the amateur on ac- 
count of the small expense involved as 
compared to building operations and the 
ease with which mistakes may be corrected. The amateur 
in starting will find that it is easy to decide on general plans, 
but difficult to decide on detail dimensions. ‘The literature 


of landscape architecture is replete with beautiful photo- 
graphs showing general effects but barren of detail di- 
mentioned plans and specifications. As one searches, the im- 
pression is borne in that perhaps the literature was written 
by professionals who earned a livelihood by supplying the 
detail drawings, the appetite for which was created by their 
beautiful illustrations. 

The accompanying illustrations show a part of the devel- 
opment of a country place by amateurs near Indianapolis. 
The ground had formerly been a corn field bordering a woods 


The pergola is designed on the arc of a circle as a background to a tennis court 


April, 1909 NES REGAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 153 


to maintain. 
Care has been 
Peer Clse ain 

Teele planting the 
beds so that 

color contrasts are not jarring 


in which the 
house was lo- 
cated. On ac- 
count of the 
existing drive- 
ways the plot of 


Q*xEG X/2°0" 


Per acailahle > and so that the flowering time of 
; the beds is well distributed over 
for the forma pone ee eh the garden. Tall plants 
ae a a == = ests grange 4 are placed in the outside 
irregular = shape nee ea gs peer : beds away from the sun- 
toward the front. Peabo dial. The tennis court 
The tennis court —— is a turf court, which, although 
was made stand- es not so good for tennis as a skin 
ard double court a fe court, is better in appearance. 
size and the per- . a ope As shown on the plan and in 


x Beate Se 


gola designed on the illustration, the pergola is 
the arc of a circle Sections showing details of construction built on the arc of a circle whose 


Looking across the garden to the tennis court and pergola 


radius is one hundred and five feet. At the center it 
is enlarged by two extra columns, forming a bay, 
which gives a space for chairs and 
tea table. The columns are built 
SQ * of No. 2 Colonial dark red brick on 
* gravel concrete footings. This 
brick ordinarily retails for eight 
dollars per thousand. The joints 
are made of white mortar and are 
gouged out. This style of joint 
and color of mortar in con- 
trast with the dark brick gives 
a series of distinct lines to the 
column. The column is fin- 
ished off with a concrete cap 
molded in an oiled frame form 
made for the purpose. All the 
overhead work is No. 2 yellow 
pine, rough finish, stained a dark 
brown. The floor is made of the 
same brick as the columns. The 
total cost of the pergola was 
under three hundred dollars. 
In reviewing the work after the 
lapse of several years, the principal 
mistakes appear to be the placing 


to fit the court. For a background at the rear of 
the pergola a hedge of Siberian arborvite 
has been planted. A screen of 
sunflowers shown in the illustra- 
tion forms this background tem- 
porarily, while the evergreens are 
small. 

The formal garden is symmetri- 
cal about the two broad paths that 
run at right angles to each 
other and center at the sun- 
dial. A few beds, whose sides 
are made by arcs of circles, 
carry out the idea of the de- 
sign centering on the sun-dial. 
The ground has a slight slope 
of about one foot to the long 
dimension of the garden, 
which has proved advantage- 
ous for storm water drainage. 
All paths are in grass. The 
four feet by eight feet beds 
are considered, after two years’ 
experience, to be superior to the 
smaller ones. Keeping the edges 
of the beds straight in line is made 
easy by stretching a string across all of a column instead of an open space at 
edges on the same line. The edge of the center of the pergola and in making the 
beds on arcs of circles have not been hard Plan of garden, tennis court and pergola Size of some of the beds too small. 


TENNIS COURT 


“fence with vines. 


ie 
Ba 


a Sie 


154 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Furniture for the Small Home 3 


By Edith Haviland 


URNITURE for the small home should 

always express a certain fitness for its posi- 

tion. If chairs, tables and sofas were 

gifted with speech and allowed to present 

this matter from their own standpoint, we 

FAR should, no doubt, be forcibly enlightened. 

For no matter how meritorious an example 

of the cabinetmaker’s art, if it be inharmoniously com- 
panioned it must appear at a disadvantage. 

The glamour that surrounds a piece of furniture of a 
distinctive period often obliterates the question of suitable 
environment, else we would not so often see, in juxtaposi- 
tion, chairs that were shaped to suit the luxury-loving mon- 
arch of a long-past century and the severe lines of the Mis- 
sion, or the classic suggestions of the First Empire associated 
with informal designs in reed, rattan and willow. 

These incongruities in furnishing are so conspicuous in 
the concentrated areas of the small house that every choice 
in the necessary pieces of furniture becomes a matter for 
careful thought on the part of the home maker, and not only 
the origin and historical significance of each article should 
be looked into, but every detail of construction and finish. 

Each division of the house, hall, sitting-room, chamber, 
dining-room, has its own office of usefulness for which the 
furniture must be selected. Even the fireplace has specific 
fittings of its own, which, rightly chosen, enhance the at- 
tractiveness and comfort of the room. 

In the small home good taste does away with elaborate 
detail, showy decoration, tawdry superfluities. If expense is 
an unconsidered factor a finer quality and greater perfection 
of detail may be provided. 
Simplicity does not always 
signify cheapness. 

When mahogany furni- 
ture is to be adopted in a 
dining-room, its best setting 
is white-painted woodwork. 
This scheme is unalterably 
associated with our Colonial 
forefathers, and the tradi- 
tion has not been improved 
upon. In the illustrations 
two different wall treat- 
ments are shown—one with 
a figured covering and plain 
over-curtains, the other re- 
versing this plan by having 
the wall plain and the win- 
dow hangings in a self- 
woven or semi-figured ma- 
terial. Each has its merits, 
the choice usually turning 
on a personal preference. 

In illustration No. 3 the 
feet of the table and chairs 
are of claw-and-ball type, 
with a Chippendale back to 
the chairs. Phe white 
mantelshelf is simply deco- 
rated with brass candelabra 
and two Chinese jars. The 
olive green that predomi- 


1—Wrought-iron andirons of a substantial pattern 


nates in the foliage paper is repeated in the velour curtain 
that is drawn across the window at night. The round linen 
table mat that is used as a “‘between-meals cloth” is em- 
broidered in white, and an iridescent glass vase holds some 
garden flowers. ‘There is no “‘studied simplicity” in this 
room, but an attention to comfort that is based on artistic 
principles. 

The other dining-room illustrated in No. 8 has an antique 
drop-leaf card table brought into service for a dining table. 
To make it of more practical value the legs have been fitted 
with casters. The sideboard is a family heirloom, and to 
supplement these two pieces of furniture harmoniously some 
reproductions of Sheraton chairs were bought in the un- 
finished wood at four dollars and fifty cents for the arm 
chairs and three dollars for the side chairs. At an extra 
cost of two dollars for each chair a mahogany stain was 
added and rubbed down. The buff-colored walls, brown 
silk curtains and dull red of the mahogany furniture were 
enlivened by the bright old silver and glass distributed on 
the table at meal times and used on the sideboard for 
decoration. 

The hall of the ordinary small house is usually devoid 
of interest, but illustration No. 7, with its white-paneled 
wainscot and cozy fireplace corner, is full of charm. ‘The 
round table might, perhaps, be better placed at one side of 
the stairway, but its lines are so good that it can afford to 
be made rather a prominent feature. The plainness of 
the walls is relieved by the figured curtain at the wide door- 
way, and a pleasant vista is had of the dining-room. 

A question that is still under debate as to whether 
Mission furniture has come 
to stay or will wane in pop- 
ularity has its most decisive 
answer in the increasing 
amount that is sold every 
year. It has passed beyond 
the experimental stage, 
when it threatened to be too 
cumbersome for ordinary 
homes, and has been modi- 
fied in its proportions so 
that it is not out of place 
even in the small dwellings. 
The: side chairs wit 
leather seat in illustration 
No. 4 can be used for the 
dining or sitting-room, and 
may be had in two different 
finishes. ‘The price is seven 
dollars and fifty cents. 

The comfortable arm 
chair in illustration No. 9 
is on the well-known Mor- 
ris pattern, but of Mission 
make. Such a chair costs 
from twenty-four to thirty- 
four dollars, according to 
the cushion covers and their 
filling. 

The widespread use of 
Mission or Craftsman fur- 
niture has caused almost a 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


3—Comfort based on artistic principles 


2—A homelike fireplace 


5—The old-time banjo clock is an interesting mantel decoration 


4—The overmantel makes a picturesque setting for some old pewter 


7—Not an ordinary hallway 


6—Some built-in bookcases 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


8 —Old furniture harmoniously combined with new 


revolution in interior furnishings—rugs, curtains, portieres, 
even picture frames, lamp mats and table covers. All of these 
have now special designs to accompany the plain lines of the 
furniture, and set patterns in place of the naturalistic. Pos- 
sibly the enthusiastic reception of the Mission furniture has 
had something to do with the waning interest in Oriental 
effects, and the abolition of the once famous cozy corner. 
In the interior view of a study in a summer home where 
the walls are paneled with sheets of birch bark (illustration 


9—A comfortable chair for afternoon tea 


No. 9) a good type of chair for the small home is shown. 
This is cane-seated, and with the back also caned, with wide 
flat arms on which a book or magazine may be rested. 
When serving a cup of tea this chair is also a favorite. It 
is made with three different stains, green, natural oak and 
Flemish, at a cost of nine dollars and fifty cents. A writing 
table built on the same plan as the chair is used in this room 
with a Mission side table. One need not, indeed, go to con- 
siderable expense to furnish a home tastefully. 


ps 
od et co hee 


10—An attic sitting-room 


April, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 15 


~I 


The Use of Concrete in the Building of the Small Country House 


By Benjamin A. 


Say ONCRETE, the favored building material 
of the Romans, is now in widespread use 
for modern engineering works, especially 
when combined with properly incorporated 
steel rods, making reinforced concrete. We 
see it to-day all about us, but scarcely 
realize its rapid adoption in everyday life. 
Following its extensive use for bridges, dams, factories and 
sidewalks, it is now becoming a popular building material 
for homes. Several large country houses have been built of 
reinforced concrete, com- 
plete from cellar to and in- 
cluding roof, floors and 
partitions, and have been 
lived in for a term of 
years to the owners’ en- 
tire satisfaction. This 
proof of its value from the 
artistic and economical 
points of view for large 
houses immediately raises 
the question as to whether 
it is available for the small 
suburban or country 
house. It is, and increas- 
ingly so. But instead of 
using the houses already 
built throughout of rein- 
forced concrete for en- 
thusiastic and far-sighted 
owners to illustrate what 
may be done, and explain- 
ing how they might be 
modified to suit the con- 
ditions imposed upon the 
designer of a small house, 
the purpose of this article 
is to begin at the other 
end, showing the general 
tendency among the 
most progressive archi- 
tects toward the use of 
concrete—in various 
forms and varying quan- 
tities, to be sure—and 
toward the general ap- 
pearance and lines of 
construction that are natural to reinforced concrete. The 
value of concrete and its derivative stucco is fully demon- 
strated by the attractive appearance and practical advantages 
of these houses. 

In order to take up the subject intelligibly it is well to 
begin with a few words on the nature and relation of the 
materials treated and the unavoidable technical terms. Port- 
land cement is an artificial product made by mixing, burning 
and grinding proper proportions of lime rock and clay rock, 
the result being a gray powder which has the peculiar prop- 
erty of hardening, when water is added, into the consistency 
and appearance of natural stone. It is sold in the market 
in bags of about one hundred pounds each and in wooden 
barrels of four hundred pounds. There are many excellent 
brands of Portland cement made at different factories dif- 
fering slightly except in color. There is no benefit and some 


1—The porch of Mrs. Julia E. White, of Montclair, New Jersey 


shows a Spanish influence 


Howes, C. E. 


practical disadvantages in using clear or neat cement; it is 
the practise to mix cement with sand to make mortar, and 
with sand and broken stone or gravel to make concrete. 
The underlying rule is to use such a proportion of cement as 
will fill the voids or interstices between the grains of sand in 
making mortar, and in making concrete to use such a pro- 
portion of mortar to the broken stone or gravel as will fill its 
voids. Mortar is used for laying brick, stone, for finishing 
smoothly concrete surfaces, and for plastering where ex- 
posed to the weather. In this position it is commonly called, 
in this country, stucco, al- 
though technically stucco 
is a particular kind of 
plaster designed to be 
worked into elaborate 
forms resembling  stone- 
work. Uhistexte mio & 
plaster of cement mortar 
should not be confused 
with interior plastering, 
which is usually of lime 
and sand or plaster of 
Paris. We may term 
cement mortar an _artt- 
ficial sandstone, as _ con- 
crete is an artificial con- 
glomerate stone, their 
great advantage being 
that we may work the 
artificial stones while 
plastic. Where a mass of 
material like a step or a 
wall is required, we follow 
nature’s operation by 
making a conglomerate 
stone. 

The various manufac- 
turers of Portland cement 
issue pamphlets describ- 
ing in detail the proper 
proportions and mixing 
of mortar and concrete 
for various works. A 
common proportion is one 
part of cement by volume 
to three parts of sand, 
while concrete usually 
takes the “‘one-three-five mix,’’ meaning one part of cement, 
three parts of sand and five of gravel or broken stone. The 
process is to thoroughly mix the dry sand and cement, add 
water until plastic, but not “sloppy”; if concrete is being 
made the dry sand and cement is spread on top of five 
volumes of stone, and the whole turned over three or four 
times with shovels, water being added during the second 
turning to bring the mass to such a condition of softness 
that when it settles into place some water will rise to the 
top, in other words, to the consistency of a soft mud pie. 

The readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS are 
probably familiar with the method of placing concrete— 
between wooden walls or forms, which are removed when 
the mass hardens. Reinforced concrete refers to the placing 
of small steel rods in the forms before the concrete is poured 
in. The tight grasp of these rods by the crystallizing mass 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


we 


mp 
v 
rf 

pé 
3 

é 


Ber TReom 
TRECEPTION Tem 


Rear Hace 


4—The dining-room is finished in Flemish oak and has a large open 


5—The fireplace is a feature of the living-room with its green Grueby 
fireplace with green Grueby tile facings 


tile facings and a Dutch hood of hammered-brass 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 159 


= Ue £2 ‘ze 
Areitiiiti ie 


. fd # 
. 2 
pos 
; 

t 


6—The low arched porch and piazza of Dr. Clarence Ordway’s house at Winchester, Mass., have the true lines of the reinforced concrete arch 


brings them into stand strains, of the 
one homogeneous rods. A reinforced 
concrete column, un- 
attached at the top, 
will vibrate like a 
tuning fork when 
struck smartly 
wit hethe hvasnid: 
Steel and concrete 
beams will sustain 
enormous weights, 


whole, which now, 
however, has 
all the compressive 
strength of con- 
crete alone, with 
the tensile strength, 
or power to with- 


BED ROOM 
[2-6 x 13.0 


cue | 


DINING ROOM BATH ROOM: 


14-5 x 16°o 


BED ROOM 


Wee x 16-0 


| BALCONY 


So Ki4A-S 


-PIAZZA: 


a TT 


-VESTIBVLE 


i ee 


LANDING 


ROOF 


BED: ROOM. < 


ZO KX I2S 


7—The plans are economically arranged and the suite of offices is complete 


160 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


‘Ge 


{ 
NNW 


8—The hall has an ornamental staircase 9—The living-room is trimmed with mahogany, with walls hung with golden 
of mahogany brown Japanese grass cloth 


thus making very wide spans possible. In spite of the fan- great rapidity, setting up forms with the ducts for wiring 
tastic claims of the press agent, it is not as yet possible to and heating and piping already in place. 

make a house all at once by pouring concrete into one com- While the monolithic concrete house is certainly the ideal 
plicated mold; but certainly it is possible to proceed with as regards permanence and stability, freedom from attack 


10—The walls of the dining-room are covered with a tapestry paper to the plate rack, above which a Japanese grass cloth 
is used, with pleasing effect 


April, 1909 


by weather, decay and vermin, it may be 
said very frankly that it is not an eco- 
nomical proposition for the small house. 
A large operation pays for itself; that is, 


the economies in the 
use of concrete as to 
labor, lumber for 
forms, etc., in a 
house to cost 
twenty thousand 
dollars or over, will 
make it compare 
very favorably with 
a house of brick, or 
even frame. But 
for the small house 
all the breaking in 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


SERVANTS 
Room. 


11—The second floor plan of Mr. Mebus’ house shows a servant’s room 
separate from the rest of the dwelling 


wf 
Syoeed 


Atty a 


BALCONY. 


161 


monolithic rein- 
forced _ concrete 
construction is not 
the only one in 
which concrete can 
profitably be used. 
Hollow tile, of con- 
crete or clay, is in- 
deed to-day very 
largely used in those 
larger houses for in- 
terior partitions, 
and they are coming 
largely into use for 
exterior walls of 
small houses. In 
fact, it might be 


12—The restful and simple house of Mr. Charles F. Mebus at Glenside, Pennsylvania, shows off charmingly against a background of trees 


of laborers, the charges for inspec- 
tion and engineering, design, etc., 
will be nearly the same as for a large 
Thus the apparent paradox 


house. 
may be easily sus- 
tained, that the 
owner can not afford 
to build a large 
house anything but 
fireproof, while he 
can hardly afford to 
build his small 
house entirely fire- 
proof. 

But certainly 


[ae 2 


DINING 
Room, 
14X17: 


13—The first floor plan shows a convenient 


possible to construct 
a kind of order of 
types of construc- 
tion for the smal] 
house in which the 
decrease in the cost 
is accompanied by 
a diminishing fire 
protection or length 
of life, in every 
item of which, 
however, there are 
to be traced very 
definite advantages 
from the use of con- 


162 


14 —The entrance porch is covered with a shingled hood 


crete or its derivative stucco. First in such a list would be 
the house with reinforced concrete skeleton and floors, and 
cement block or tile exterior. 

Not much can be said for the appearance of the ordinary 
cheap cement block uncovered, though as a basis for “‘ex- 
terior plaster’’ it is quite pleasing. It is entirely possible, 
however, to construct true concrete blocks at somewhat 
higher labor cost (wet mix), and finished either in the 
exact texture of stone or any of the frank concrete finishes. 

Cement mortar or concrete hollow tile ordinarily cov- 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


15—A glimpse of the piazza showing the reinforced concrete columns 


ered with plaster are a third possibility. The superiority 
of cement to terra cotta tile lies in the color, which, if the 
plaster flakes off, does not show unpleasantly; in the re- 
sistances to moisture and frost; and that the expansion under 
heat and cold is the same as the covering cement mortar. 
The important point, however, is the skeleton, and 
the incombustible outside is the least important. ‘The prac- 
tise of making a cement block or tile outside with wooden 
frame and floors, and calling it “fireproof,” can not 
be too strongly deprecated. Probably that construction for 


16—The living-room has a fireplace built of Tiffany brick laid in wide 
white mortared joints 


17—An ornamental staircase of Colonial style is a 
feature of the hall 


April, 1909 


a small house which 
combines the maxi- 
mum of economy 
with the minimum 
of fire risk is that 
of reinforced con- 
crete skeleton, con- 
crete or tile floors 
and wooden roof. 
At some increase in 
cost asbestos or tile 
shingles may cover 
the wooden frame. 
The outside of such 
a house may be 
again stucco on wire 
lath, which is very 
attractive. 

Stucco and wire 
lath, with wooden 
frame and_ floors, 
gives effects which 
are extremely pleas- 
ing, and to the 
owner who is not 
concerned to have 
an unburnable 
house, fully satisfac- 
tory. But such a 
house, though _in- 
dubitably covered 
with cement mortar, 
should not be called 
a “‘concrete house,” 
since the word car- 
ries with it a very 
strong suggestion of 
safety which the 
structure does not 
possess. 

Nevertheless, one 
would never cavil at 
the prevalence of 
the stucco on wood, 
or the allied half- 
timber construction, 
since it represents 
for many owners 
the only possibility 


LIVING Room 


—--6:-9 x 25-5 ___ J 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


18—The soft brown of the woodwork of the dining-room brings out the Delft blue 
of the wall covering 


ST aa ht 


19—An effective grouping of the windows relieves the broad exterior surfaces of the 
house built for Mr. Charles E. Starr at Winchester, Massachusetts 


KITCHEN 


N-O x 150 


t 
i 
t 

| 
t 


BED ROOM 


NiO KIBO 


BED ROOM 


14-0 x 1B-G 


20—The plans are excellently arranged for entertaining 


163 


of building a house 
of the necessary 
size; it is certainly 
a most charming 
feature of the land- 
scape, and prepares 
the eye for all-con- 
crete work, and by 
its increase helps to 
bring into more 
general, and hence 
more_ economical 
use, that ideal build- 
ing material, rein- 
forced concrete. 

The following 
typical and attrac- 
tive houses are all 
in some one of what 
may be called these 
subsidiary forms of 
concrete  construc- 
tion. 

In the very inter- 
esting house (Figs. 
2 and 3), designed 
by Mr. Dudley Van 
Antwerp for Mrs. 
Julia E. White, of 
Montclair, N. J., 
we have an example 
of the characteristic 
use of stucco. The 
color scheme is an 
ivory - gray, with 
roof of moss green 
shingles, and the 
front, especially the 
porch section (Fig. 
1), shows a Spanish 
influence in its ro- 
coco curves ; to- 
gether with an ap- 
preciation of the 
good effects to be 
got by broad sur- 
faces of pleasant 
texture. The win- 
dow grouping is 


BED ROOM 


14-O x ZOOS 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


21—The entrance, with low arch protecting the 
door, is suited for summer and winter uses 


especially good, indicating a feeling for concrete design in 
which economies of construction call for broad surfaces and 
concentrated window space. The hall, den and dining-room 
(Fig. 4) are finished in Flemish oak, with a rough wall cov- 
ering of two tones in cream. The living-room woodwork is 
in ivory-white, and the two-tone striped wall covering makes 
a good foil to the fireplace (Fig. 5) facings in green Grueby 
tile and the Dutch hood of hammered brass. 

For the house (Figs. 6 and 7) at Winchester, Mass., 
owned by Dr. Clarence E. Ordway, the architect, Mr. 
Robert Coit, has obtained a pleasant variation from the usual 
suburban square house. ‘The low arches of veranda and 
porch have the lines of the true reinforced concrete arch, 


23—A green-gray wall with woodwork of oak of soft brown finish 


is the treatment of the living-room 


22—The house is well placed and lies close 
to the ground 


and harmonize well with the general proportions and the 
slope of the roof. Here the exterior is a plain gray, the 
roof of dull greenish brown shingles. ‘The hall (Fig. 8) 
is finished in mahogany, with a dado of green Japanese grass 
cloth, and a medallion wall paper of two tones in green. 
The same mahogany finish is combined in the living-room 
(Fig. 9), with a red birch fireplace and carved panel above 
the mantel. The wall covering is golden-brown Japanese 
grass cloth. The dining-room (Fig. 10) is also in ma- 
hogany, with a wall of tapestry effect up to the plate rack, 
above which a Japanese cloth of a golden-brown tone ex- 
tends to the beamed ceiling. The library is also in mahogany. 

Although in the photograph the house does not appear to 


24-—The fireplace is the feature of the library, with its 
Moravian tile facing 


April, 1909 


be large, its good planning 
gives room for five bed- 
rooms and two baths on the 
second floor, and a servant’s 
room on the third floor. 
Kitchen and dependencies 
are complete, and the suite 
of offices is equipped in 
every detail. 

The restful and simple 
house (Figs. 11, 12 and 
Ba) of Mr. Charles F. 
Mebus, at Glenside, Pa., 
shows off charmingly 
against its background of 
great trees. The architect, 
Mr. Lawrence Vissher 
Boyd, of Philadelphia, Pa.., 
has wisely made his win- 
dows with their dark trim 
and clever grouping the 
element of variation in the 
smooth gray stucco wall. 
The shingles of the roof 
are in different shades of 
brown, probably obtained 
by dipping them in different 
shades of stain before lay- 
ing. The woodwork of the 
all, (Fig, 7) is of a soft 
brown, and the walls are 
tinted in harmony. As for 
the living-room (Fig. 16) 
it, too, is in soft brown, with 


toned brown wall paper. The fire- 
place and hearth are of Tiffany 
brick laid in wide white mortar 


joints and finished with a 
heavy mantel. In the 
dining-room (Fig. 18) 
the soft brown of the 
woodwork brings out well 
the Delft blue of the wall. 
Above the plate rack there 
is a tapestry effect of 
fruits and flowers. The 
kitchen and dependencies 
are fully fitted with mod- 
ern conveniences. The 
second floor is finished 
with white trim and ma- 
hogany doors. It contains 
‘four bedrooms and bath, 
and over the kitchen ex- 
tension a servant’s room is 
stairs. 


Starr, of Winchester, Mass 


Here again the effective 


grouping of the windows re 


lieves the broad exterior sur- 
The inviting entrance 
(Fig. 21) with its low arch 
protecting the door is suited 
for both summer and winter 
that a 


faces. 


uses. One regrets 


The bathroom has porcelain 
fixtures and tiled floors and wainscot. 
An unusually pretty suburban house 
(Figs. 19 and 20) is that designed by 
Mr. Robert Coit, of Boston, 
Mass, for Mr. Charles E. 


2) 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 16 


charming low lying house 
(Fig. 22) like this should 
not look out from wide 
spreading lawns, it would 
be set off by them so well. 
The interior is largely fin- 
ished in oak; the hall in a 
natural tone, with wall 
covering of blue-gray bur- 
lap up te the chair rail and 
a tapestry effect above. The 
library (Fig. 24) is in 
Mission finish, paneled 
with oak in a soft brown 
tone. Bookcases are built 
in, and above them the 
walls are paneled with 
rough plaster tinted a 
golden gray. The fireplace 
is of rough brick with a 
Moravian tile panel. ‘The 
living-room (Fig. 23) has 
gray-green walls, with oak 
woodwork of soft brown 
finish, and a beamed ceiling. 
The fireplace is faced with 
gray cement. The dining- 
room is finished in ma- 
hogany with fireplace of 
green Grueby tile. On the 
second floor are four bed- 
rooms and two bathrooms, 
and the cellar contains 
laundry, fuel room and heating apparatus; the kitchen and depen- 
dencies are well equipped. The house cost nine thousand dollars. 

A very interesting exterior is that of the house (Figs. 28 and 
29) of Mr. Perry Todd, Montclair; architect, Mr. A. F. Norris, 
of New York. ‘The color scheme is gray and gray- 
green. The walls of the first story have gray 
stained shingles, with a gray-green trim. The shin- 
gles are applied to the roof so as to give the play of 
light and shade of a thatched roof. ‘The recessed 

entrance with its low wall ex- 
tending along the open ter- 

Gace iS veny attractive.) dhe 

entire first floor is finished in 

soft brown oak. A beamed 
ceiling in the living-room 

(Fig. 30) is set off by the 

plastered walls tinted in har- 

mony. The hearth and firre- 
place are of brick with a heavy 
mantel supported by corbel 
brackets; on either side is a 
built-in bookcase with leaded glass 
doors. ‘The second floor has four bed- 
rooms and two bathrooms, and off the own- 
er’s room there is a solarium. The third floor 
has servants’ quarters and a couple of storage rooms. 

The very simple but rather unusual small 
house (Figs. 32 and 33) of Mr. Craw, in 
Brantwood, N. J., designed by Rossiter and 
Wright, New York, has an exterior of gray 
plaster in the form of clapboards and gray- 
green trim. The horizontal lines of the 
clapboards give a certain unity to the de- 
sign of the front, a parallelogram irregu- 
larly divided by door and windows; and the 
concrete posts between (future) hedges are 
in harmony with the house. The irregular 


25—The house before the alteration 


a two- 


DEO ROO/L 
12X/> 


Secone Looe 


reached by 


| Lig Zoore 
/3X/56 


Diningkoor. 


CHEN 
WLK/S.6 Gor 


YW6x16-6 


27—Plans after the improvements were made 


166 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Apzil, 1909 


TOLL 


28—The shingled roof of Mr. Perry Todd’s house at Montclair, New Jersey, has a thatched effect 


gable end, with its shaded porch, comes close up to the trees. effective. ‘he dining-room (Fig. 35) is Delft blue in plain 
The hall has green tinted walls and oak trim, which is re- color up to the plate rail, five feet from the floor, with a 
peated in the reception-room, but with old rose wall cover- figured wall covering above. “The woodwork is yellow pine 
ing. The same oak appears in the panels of the living-room finished in ivory-white. The same yellow pine appears in 
(Fig. 34), which are filled in with Japanese grass cloth of a_ the finishing of the kitchen and dependencies. On the sec- 
golden-brown. The design of the Tiffany brick fireplace is ond floor are four bedrooms and two baths, and on the third 
floor three rooms, in spite of the apparently modest size of 
| the house. 

ap A larger and more ambitious house (Figs. 37, 38 and 
39), designed by Mr. Dudley Van Antwerp for Mr. Henry 


= |prcosce 


BuUTLERS PANTRY 


| KITCHEN 


DINING Room 


BRD Room 


con case Sd [poo cnse= If 5 a 
q cy HALL S| Fl 


PIAZZA RECEPTION ROOM | 


Flowers sox 


= 


29—The plans are well arranged for convenience and for equipment with the best modern appointments 


April, 1909 AVE RIEAN OHOMES' AND GARDENS 


hte orit HEE OE 


% 


3\—The dining-room is finished with Flemish oak and is ornamented with a plate rack extending around the room seven feet from the floor 


168 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


32—The honizontal lines suggesting clapboards 
house built for Mr. Craw 


Fenn, of Upper Montclair, is a pleasing 
and restrained treatment in half-tim- 
bered work in gray-green. The shingle 
roof is also gray-green of delightfully 
varied texture, as the shingles take the 
color differently. The lines of the en- 
trance are well suited to the stuccoed 
walls, with their broad square surfaces, 
and the window grouping is particularly 
attractive. 


The living-hall (Fig. 40) is of Flemish brown, the walls 
covered with golden-brown Japanese grass cloth. An effec- 


Sun Farlor 


Wr x/0-9 


Dinijeg korn 


MRO 415-0" 


Living ken 


/S-O 4 


10-6 * //-O" 


| Etceplion Koom 


give a certain unity to the design of the 
at Brantwood, New Jersey 


tive feature of the living-hall is a fire- 
place (Fig. 41) built of cement with a 
massive mantel. The fine paintings 
over the fireplace are the work of the 
owner. Off the living-hall, on the same 
floor, is his studio. The dining-room 
(Fig. 42) is in soft brown-chestnut. 
The second floor has four bedrooms and 
bath with tile floor and wainscot. 
Interesting and attractive as these 


typical stucco and half-timber houses are, they are perhaps 
not such striking witnesses to the all-round usefulness of 


Chantes 


19-0 015-0" 


Chanley 


/S-O'4 16-6" 


Chanler 


Bb xIS-O 


33—A feature of the floor plan is that the main living-rooms are placed at the rear of the house 


April, 1909 


34 —The living-room is paneled with oak battens forming panels which 


are covered with Japanese grass cloth of a golden hue 


cement as the little 
house illustrated in 
photographs, page 
165. This was 
literally rescued by 
it from destruction, 
since it was a ruin- 
ous old shack (Fig. 
25) on ground 
bought for a park 
by the city of Lin- 
coln, Neb., and un- 
salable. But the 
energetic State geol- 
ogist, Prof. Erwin 
H. Barbour, was in- 
terested to try the 
experiment of re- 
claiming it by meth- 
ods possible to any 
owner of a dilapi- 
dated structure, and 
did so on behalf of 
the Park Board. 
The actual work 
was intrusted to the 
head gardener of 
the Lincoln park 
system, who had 
had no previous ex- 
perience in stucco 
work, in order to 
test the results that 
might be reached by 
any average farmer, 
ranchman or ama- 
teur worker in ce- 
ment. Professor 
Barbour’s _ descrip- 
tion of his work is 
worth quoting at 
length, to encourage 
the others: 

“The curved and 
rickety weather- 
boards were nailed 
securely to the stud- 
ding regardless of 
breaks, cracks, knot 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


35 —The house of Mr. Wright at Brantwood, New Jersey, is built after the 
same floor plan as figure 33 


37—The entrance gate to the home of Mr. Henry Fenn, at Upper Montclair, New Jersey 


. 


‘them down. 


35—Delft blue and white is the color scheme 
of the dining-room 


holes, missing 
pieces, misfit lumber 
and rotten spots. 
Metal lath, which 
comes in convenient 
strips about eigh- 
teen inches wide by 
nine feet long, was 
nailed securely over 
the house. It is put 
on by nailing 
through it into the 
studding and then 
bending the nails 
over and pounding 
As 
soon as the house 
was properly lathed 
a coat of cement 
plaster was troweled 
on with a firm hand 
so as to insure good 
keys and at the same 
time completely fill 
cracks and joints in 
the weatherboard- 
ing. It matters not 
how rough this coat 
is, in fact it is well 
to further roughen 
it by scratching. 
“This is known 
as the scratch coat. 
The scratcher which 
we used was made 
by driving a few 
wire nails through 
a small wooden 
block. With this 
simple tool the 
cement was quickly 
and effectively 
Sicivant che ad and 
roughened before it 
had set, thus pre- 
paring it for the 
succeeding coat. 
The formula for 
mixing the scratch 


170 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


OS A MRE a i iw ite Raila? a ii 


38—The house of Mr. Henry Fenn, Upper Montclair, is a pleasing and restrained treatment in half-timber work 


coat is one measure of cement and three of sand; one to four 
or five would do. 

“In mixing use a clean platform of boards, the barn floor, 
or a large box. Put the sand and cement together dry, and 
turn repeatedly with a shovel to thoroughly mix; make a 
hollow in the pile, pour in water, and continue to turn and 
mix with a shovel until an even mortar is made that will 
spread nicely under the trowel. It is a very easy and simple 
process, requiring no previous experience, and the amateur 
may feel entire confidence in the results if a reasonably good 
cement is used. “Trowel on the second coat as soon as con- 
venient, making it a little richer in cement than the scratch 
coat. Use, say, one measure of cement to two of sand. By 
all means avoid trying to make this last named coat ‘‘nice 
and smooth.”’ Let it be rough and irregular, for the worse 
le 1G ide Wet tir. 
The coat of cement 
plaster when done 
is about three- 
fourths of an inch 
to one inch thick, 
and is as hard and 
enduring as stone. 

“This work was 
done late in the fall, 
so the injurious ef- 
fects of the summer 
sun and rapid dry- 
ing were escaped 
without the neces- 
sity of shading. 


39—The first floor plan shows the studio at the rear of the house overlooking the garden 


“Take nouce that this abandoned building, which would 
not have sold for one hundred dollars, was converted into a 
good looking house (Fig. 26) for a sum of one hundred and 
seventy-three dollars, a house that could not have been built 
anew for one thousand five hundred dollars, as estimated 
by local carpenters. [he house has a good cement cellar, 
a large porch with floor and roof of cement, three large 
rooms downstairs, and two upstairs. [he items more in 
detail are as follows: 

‘“‘All material for the cellar, including walls, cast extra 
thick, floor and steps, cost forty-six dollars. 

‘‘All material for the body of the house, including nails, 
wire lath, cement and sand, cost eighty-two dollars. 

‘“‘All material for the porch, which extends part way 
around two sides of the house, including an extra heavy 
cement floor a foot 
thick, cost forty-five 
dollars. The total 
cost of materials 
was but one hun- 
dred and_ seventy- 
three dollars, which 
sum, it must be 
understood, does 
not include labor. 
All the work was 
that of “self-help,” 
just as would be the 
case on a farm. 

“Two or three 
old buildings which 


April, 1909 AMERICAN. HOMES AND GARDENS 171 


That a good neat-looking and generally 
weather-proof house can be literally re- 
created with such slight expense and labor 
ought to be most inspiring to the owners of 
decrepit structures of all kinds. Probably 
as the cost of the true concrete structure 
diminishes, houses of the type first illus- 
trated will be so constructed, permanent and 
fireproof, while stucco will be the good fairy 
to make new again all other buildings 
which, though not fireproof, are too good to 
throw away. 

These houses could indeed all be dupli- 
cated in concrete, and with especial ease if 
the wooden construction, better suited to the 
pitched roof than is concrete, were retained, 
as suggested on page 163; since their gen- 
eral forms, surfaces and window grouping, 
being admirably adapted to the appearance 
of “exterior plaster,” are equally so to that 
of solid concrete. As to their interiors, it 
should be understood that a house of rein- 
forced concrete, or cement, or clay hollow 
40—An effective feature of the living-hall is a fireplace built of cement tile, may be finished inside in the traditional 


desecrated the place were torn down and é ¥ 
the old lumber used to build the framework 2 é 
of a decent looking laundry and shed for a aa 
storing kindling, coal and similar supplies. 
The size of this building is twelve by twenty 
feet, with eight foot studding, and the cost 
of the shed, made by “self help,” is as 
follows: 


IRE ne soe oc 66 8e OR ne $9.50 
WemicnpiGG SENCCOINIG: - 2.2. oe ee 8 5.25} 
WemienfelOmilOOk mre oe << soe cieeisls Gate oes 4.50 
Satin ae be Oe eee 1.60 
NENG 2 Bo ac ee 1.00 


“The total cost of this shed was a trifle 
less than twenty-two dollars. Material left 
over was used for making the cement walks 
about the place. The total cost for walks, 
shed and house was under two hundred 
dollars. 

“The beauty of cement work is that 
whether done by the amateur or profes- 
sional, whether done right or wrong, the 4|—The fine picture at the end of the living-hall and extending across the chimney 
results are surprisingly good.” breast was painted by the owner 


way—that is, with wooden trim and floors, 
brick or marble fireplaces, and papered or 
cloth-hung walls, of which we have given 
some charming examples. On the other 
hand, the trend toward concrete interior con- 
struction is illustrated by the admirably de- 
signed fireplace in the house of Mr. Fenn 
(Fig. 40), and the walls in tinted plaster 
in Figs. 24 and 30. ‘The fireplaces (Figs. 
24, 30 and 42) are also entirely adapted in 
their forms to reproduction in concrete, 
which forms the natural and indeed the 
best possible backing for decorative tile. 
With the increasing knowledge of true 
concrete construction, and the resulting econ- 
omies that are every day being effected, we 
may look to see one element after another in 
the small house appear in concrete. First, 
the skeleton and stairways; then the fire- 
places and floors; then, perhaps, the library 


42—Golden brown and blue is the color scheme of the dining-room wing; last of all, the outside and roof. 


172 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1909 


43 —The pargola forms an inviting place to rest 44—The pergola forms a good climbing place for vines 


45—A glimpse of the garden as seen from the studio | 


April, 1909 


w CORRESPONDENCE & 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of “Home Fumishing: Practical and Artistic ” 
THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF ACETYLENE LIGHTING 


OME specific information in regard to the new method of 
lighting by acetylene gas has been asked for by a “Country 
Reader.” How is this gas made? What is the character of 
the light? Can ordinary fixtures now in use for common gas 

be utilized for acetylene gas? Is it considered a safe means of 
illumination? Is it also capable of being used in a cooking stove? 
How about heating? Give some idea of the cost of its use after the 
apparatus has been installed. 

Acetylene gas is generated from calcium carbide (commonly called 
“carbide”’) and water. Carbide is made of lime and coke, melted 
together in an electric furnace. To make the gas the carbide is 
brought into contact with water. The acetylene flame is of great 
intensity, its illuminating power being fifteen times greater than that 
generated by coal or city gas, with clear, white and well-diffused 
rays. Its steady, unflickering light is claimed to be the most perfect 
for reading, as it prevents eye strain. It throws off very little heat, 
consumes a small amount of oxygen, and leaves no trace of soot or 
carbon. 

As the piping and fixtures for acetylene are the same as those used 
for ordinary city gas (with the exception of a burner tip made 
especially for the acetylene) it is entirely practicable to utilize the 
ones already in use in changing to the newer method. 

Since the discovery in 1862 of the intense illuminating qualities 
of acetylene gas there have been rapid developments and improvements 
both in simplicity and safety of apparatus. The greatest source 
of danger is in using a gas generator that is defective in principle or 
in its construction. For this reason the claims of certain manufac- 
turers that they are permitted to install their apparatus inside the 
home without increasing insurance rates is worthy of note. At present 
there are nearly 200,000 country dwellings and other places in the 
United States that are lighted by acetylene gas, besides many Govern- 

’ ment buildings and small towns. 

For cooking as well as heating the acetylene has been made availa- 
ble, and, in portable form, it is of help to the camper, photographer, 
lecturer and contractor. The average cost of using this gas is about 
the same as city gas and one-half as much as electricity. 


FURNITURE THAT IS EASILY HANDLED 


Quoting from a letter received this month from an Illinois reader, 
Mrs. C. N. J., “My objection to the Mission furniture is that it is 
so heavy to move about. As I take care of my home myself, and am 
not very strong, this is an important consideration to me. And yet I 
do not know what other style to buy that is easy to handle, tasteful 
in shape and not too expensive.” 

Nothing could meet the requirements of this correspondent better 
than the wicker furniture, in which one may now find not only chairs 
and tables, but bureaus, cabinets, toilet tables, settles and side tables. 
In fact, so thoroughly practicable is this furniture that any need of 
the home may be met by the manufacturers. From time to time this 
furniture has been illustrated in the pages of this magazine, and 
particular attention was given to illustrating some good types in the 
special number for May, 1908. Of course, a careless buyer might 
make the mistake of selecting too ornate or too clumsy a pattern, but 
there are simple designs always to be had. In comparison with uphol- 
stered furniture the wicker is very inexpensive, as arm chairs may be 
had from five dollars upward. Seat cushions may be made of cotton, 
felt or hair, the latter, of course, costing more than the former. If a 
cushion is not fastened to the back of the chair, a loose down pillow 
may take its place. 


(Continued on page *%) 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


PLACING THE HOUSE ON THE LOT 


oS E have a corner lot in one of the suburbs of New York, 

and intend to build a house there this summer. ‘The lot 

is square, one hundred and twenty-five by one hundred 

and seventy-five feet, and it seems a simple thing to 
locate the house, but we are in doubt whether to have the house face 
the avenue, which is at the north, or the side street, which is at the 
east. All the houses now built there face the avenue, and we should 
like ours to be the same, but we do not want to have the whole rear 
of the place taken up with the service court, drying yard and garage, 
because we want to have a garden there and we want the living 
rooms to have a southern exposure and to face the garden. We are 


South 


STREET 


East 


West 


POPLAR 


North 


Showing how the same house would be treated and arranged on four different corner lots 


hoping that AMERICAN Homes AND GarRDENS can help us to a 
decision of this difficult question,” writes E. J. R. 

Your question is indeed a difficult one, and one in which you will 
probably have little help from your architect. Apparently architects 
design pleasant little houses to fit their drawing boards, for the 
average house seems to fit nothing else, and seems to be designed 
with no idea of the possibility of planning it to get the most out of 
the peculiar conditions of its site. 

We are notoriously wasteful in this country, but there is no excuse 
for wasting room on a small lot, and certainly the owner will be 
glad to get all he can out of the space at his disposal, and he has a 
right to ask the architect to spend some time and thought not only 


(Continued on page x) 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


a 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING 
(Continued from page tx) 


CUT-OUT BORDERS 


From a western home, situated some distance 
from a large city, comes an inquiry on wall 
decoration: ‘“‘I read in the home magazines, 
and also see a good many advertisements of 
‘cut-out borders.’ Can you give me an idea 
‘of these, to me, mystic words? Are these bor- 
ders a passing fad? Or are they in good taste 
and have they come to stay? Are they used 
all over the house, in every room, or should 
they be restricted to certain places?”’— 
JZG. Hi: 

The cut-out border is only one phase of the 
revived interest in all kinds of wallpaper bor- 
der decoration. As stated in this department 
in March, 1908, ‘““The purpose of the frieze, 
or border, is to bring a decorative note into a 
room while leaving the main body of the wall 
as a restful background.”” The floral border, 
eighteen or nine inches wide, has been in 
vogue for a long time, although for a few 
years its popularity waned. The increased 


A cut-out flower border 


attention that is now being paid to the artistic 
designing of wallpapers has revived the interest 
in the border and developed its sphere of use- 
fulness. ‘‘Cut-out borders” have the pattern 
cut away from the background. Sometimes 
only the lower edges are treated in this way 
(see illustration), sometimes the upper edges 
are also trimmed and the design is dropped 
a few inches below the ceiling. The placing 
of the picture molding must be considered 
when using a cut-out border, and also its fin- 
ish. It is an almost invariable rule to paint 
the picture molding the color of the ceiling, 
and place it at the cornice line, close to the 
ceiling. 

At first the borders were put on the market 
with the edges uncut, and home talent was 
then employed to prepare the paper for hang- 
ing. Now, the borders are furnished by the 
shops all ready to be applied. “There is, how- 
ever, some saving in cost when this work is 
done by the user. Some of the prettiest of the 


cut-out borders are loops of ribbon with knots 
of flowers. A light-toned paper, pearl, straw 
color or shrimp pink, with a narrow ribbon 
border in contrasting colors, is very attractive 
in a sleeping room. When there are large 
wall spaces the border may also be_ pasted 
parallel with the upper line that is near the 
ceiling a few inches above the baseboard, and 
also carried down the sides of the walls at the 
angles. When this is done it is necessary to 
select a design that will look well in the hori- 
zontal and perpendicular positions. 

In regard to the last question of this corre- 
spondent as to the proper places to use the cut- 
out borders, it is safe to keep them in bedrooms 
or the informal rooms of the home. 


BAY WINDOW CURTAINS 


“Will you kindly give me some special ad- 
vice for the parlor bay window curtains? I 
want to buy something good, but have not 
been satisfied with my present arrangement. 
There is one wide window, with a narrow 
window at each side. I have used two pairs 
of Irish point curtains, one for the middle 
window and a half pair for each side window. 
Is there any other way to treat these windows? 
Also, please tell me if short curtains to the sill 
will look any better than the long ones that 
hang to the floor. Another item for which I 
would be glad to have some information is 
the hanging of these curtains. Shall they 
be put up on my old wooden poles, and 
held back at the sides? JI feel I am behind 
the times when it comes to making any 
changes in my home furnishings.” —A. I. L., 
Ohio. : 

The bay window is always a problem when 
it comes to the curtains, as the variations in 
the widths of the windows is puzzling. A 
few patterns in lace curtains come in two 
widths, forty-eight and twenty-eight inches, 
and these are the right kind to use, a wide 
pair at the center window and a narrow pair 
at each side window. If these two widths are 
not obtainable, then an all-over net or lace 
may be made up into curtains, cutting the 
width to suit the narrow windows and edging 
the sides and bottoms with a narrow linen 
lace. 

The present method of hanging the lace 
curtains is different from the custom of a few 
years ago. A small brass rod, three-eighths of 
an inch, or, if for a long space, a half inch in 
diameter, is used now instead of the large 
wooden pole. The curtain is shirred on this 
rod with a heading showing above the rod an 
inch or an inch and a half. As the windows 
in a bay are so close together it is better to 
hang the material to the sill or a few inches 
below the sill. As to holding the curtains 
back or letting them hang straight, this is 
generally a personal preference that turns 
upon the amount of light’in the room. ‘The 
straight lines of a curtain hanging across the 
glass without looping back is often the best 
plan for a parlor. 


RESTFUL WALL HANGINGS 


“Some time ago, while we were planning 
our new home,” writes a Maryland reader 
D. M.'Y., “I came to your Home Furnish- 
ing Department for some ideas on finishing 
the woodwork. ‘The result has been so satis- 
factory, as we were fortunately able to carry 
out your suggestions, that now we are bringing 
another matter to your attention. We have 
been six months in our house and will soon 
feel like papering the walls. My husband is 
a professional man and I am a busy woman, 
and we both require restful surroundings. 
These seem to me to be attained chiefly 
through the coverings of the walls, as wher- 

(Continued on page xxiv) 


GARDEN WORK ABOUT THE HOME 
(Continued from page tx) 


on doing a piece of work that is good in itself, 
but one that will be the best for that situation. 

No matter how uninteresting the lot may be, 
it is not proper for any house; there must 
certainly be one particular house which is bet- 
ter adapted for that lot than any other. Ona 
lot of irregular shape, or one which is on a side 
hill or on rolling ground, the difficulties are 
much greater, but are fully offset by the satis- 
faction one has in an opportunity to depart a 
little from the commoner forms. The more 
severe the restrictions, the greater the delight 
which the artist takes in his work, and the 
greater the likelihood of doing something un- 
usually good. 

The charm of English domestic architecture 
is due in large part to the Englishman’s skill 
and ingenuity in fitting houses to odd shaped 
boundaries and irregular surfaces. “The most 
unpromising situation is attacked boldly; every 
resource of planning is utilized to produce a 
result that is reasonable and pleasing in the 
highest degree. 

These clever, careful Englishmen seem to 
leave nothing to chance! 

There are certain elementary principles in 
planning a house which it will do no harm to 
repeat. 

The dining-room should face east, or at 
least have east windows in order to have light 
and sunshine in the cool of the early morning. 

The living-room should face south for 
warmth and protection in winter, and for the 
sake of the summer winds, which are usually 
from the south, and because the south is the 
pleasantest side of the house. 

Northeast rooms are hottest in summer and 
southwest rooms coolest. 

The front door should be on the side of the 
house opposite the garden. 

The kitchen should be on the northeast or 
northwest corner, which is to leeward of the 
house in summer. 

Next to a southern exposure for the house, 
that to the southeast is the best because it is 
the coolest side of the house in the afternoon 
when one is most likely to sit on the terrace 
or piazza. 

No one cares to sit on a western piazza on 
a summer afternoon. It is hot and trying to 
the eyes, and moreover the landscape is always 
more beautiful when looking away from the 
sun. 

It is a good plan to have the stable or 
garage rather near the kitchen wing of the 
house, on a small lot; then a large court will 
serve both instead of having a separate stable 
court and service court. This is a great 
economy of space and labor. 

In the present instance I think the house 
should face the avenue, and be quite near it 
so that there is no room wasted next to the 
street and on the north side of the house. 

A high wall in front would give sufficient 
privacy for that side of the louse, and it might 
seem less eccentric to conventional neighbors 
to have the wall than to front the house on the 
side street, and have the kitchen toward the 
avenue. 

The general arrangement of rooms in the 
house and of the grounds is shown on lot 
number two in Fig. 1. 

The garden side of the house is unbroken 
by entrance drives or paths, and the whole 
space can be used to the best advantage. It 
will be secluded and sunny, and to have the 
bulk of the place on one side of the house will ° 
make the place seem twice as large as it would 
seem if the house were in the middle of the 
lot. 

The arrangement of the other three corner 
lots is shown roughly in the diagram. Num- 

(Continued on page xit) 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi 


= a 


has succeeded in repre 
Highest Quality of W. 
Uprights, Chippendale design, 4 , 


| Chickering Pianos may be bou 
prices with added cost of freight 


xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


x 


WENTY years ago the oil lamp had already 
been driven out of the city into the country 
home where gas could not follow—so we 

thought. 

In those days we would have laughed at the 
idea of a country home lighted with gaslight. 

But like the telephone and free mail delivery 
gaslight has finally left the city to become a com- 
noon rural convenience. 

In the year 1909, the up-to-date villager or 
farmer not only lives in a gas-lighted house, same 
«s his city cousin, but when he drives home on a 
cold, wet night he actually lights up his barn, his 
barnyard or porches on his house with this gas- 
light by simply turning an “ignition” button on a 
post or wall. 

* OK 

And this change seems quite like magic when 
you consider that this rural gaslight is home- 
made—made by the family itself right on the 
premises. 

Takes fifteen minutes once a month to make 
all that can be used in a large house. 

The magic is all in. the strangely, weird, 


manufactured stone known commercially as 
“Union Carbide.” 
This wonderful gas-producing — substance, 


“Union Carbide,” looks and feels just like crushed 
granite. For country home use it is packed and 
shipped from warehouses located all over the United 
States in sheet steel cans containing 100 pounds. 

Union Carbide won’t burn, can’t explode, and 
will keep in the original package for years in any 
climate. For this reason it is safer to handle and 
store about the premises than coal. 

ag 


co 

All that is necessary to make ‘Union Carbide”’ 
give up its gas is to mix it with plain water—the 
gas, which is then instantly generated, is genuine 
Acetylene. 

When piped to handsome brass chandeliers 
and fixtures Acetylene burns with an intensely 
brilliant, stiff flame, that the wind can’t affect. 

This flame makes light so white in color that 
it is commonly called “artificial sunlight.” 

Experiments conducted by Cornell University 
have proven that it will grow plants the same as 
sunlight itself. 


Physicians recommend ne Ip 


Acetylene as a germicide and 
a remedy for eyestrain, and 
it is used as an illuminant in 
fifty-four hospitals in New 
York City alone. 

Then too, Acetylene 
is so pure that you might bes 
blow out the light and sleep all night ina & 


IHlome-made Gas-lLight 
From Crushed Stone 


nent brass fix- 
tures attached to 
walls and ceilings, 
Acetylene is much 
safer than smoky, 
smelly oil lamps 
which can easily 
be tipped over. 

For this reas- 
on the Engineers 
of the National 
Board of Insur- 
ance Under- 
writers called 
Acetylene safer 
than any illumi- 
nant it commonly displaces. 

In addition to all these advantages, Acetylene 
light is inexpensive. 

An Acetylene light of 24-candle power costs 
only about 3% cents for ten hours’ lighting, while 
for the same number of hours regular oil lamps 
of equal volume cost about 6 cents in kerosene, 
chimneys and wicks on the average. 

* 

Consider this carefully and you will hardly 
wonder at the fact that there are today no less 
than 176,000 town and country homes lighted 
with home-made Acetylene, made from ‘Union 
Carbide.” 

Once a month some member of the family 
must dump a few pounds of Union Carbide in a 
small tank-like machine which usually sets in one 
corner of the basement. 

This little tank-like machine is automatic—it 
does all the work—it makes no gas until the 
burners are lighted and stops making gas when 
the burners are shut off. 

The lights, located in every room in your 
house, on your porches, in your horse and cow 
barns, or barnyards and chicken yards if you 
like, will all be ready to turn on with a twist of 
the wrist or a touch of the button at any time 
of the day or night. 

No city home can be as brilliantly or as beauti- 
fully illuminated as any one of these 176,000 homes 
now using Acetylene. 

Won’t you let us tell you 
how little it will cost to make 
j this time-saving, money-sav- 

=— ing, beautifying light at your 
J=~ own home? 
Write us today how large 
your house and how man) 
rooms’ you have, and re- 
ceive our estimate and books giving full in- 


room with the burner open without any injur- DVN formation. 
ious effects whatever. _ ; ffi Address UNION CARBIDE SALES CO. 
On account of its being burned in perma- Se 14 Adams St., Chicago, Ill. 


YOU can make 
the Brilliant 


Acetylene Gas 


Easily! 
Safely! 
Cheaply! 


WITH THE 


Sunlight “Omega” Generator 


Only Automatic Generator with the modern INDIRECT . feed 


operated by its own power! 
INSURES ABSOLUTE SAFETY! 


Easiest to understand---easiest to handle! Nothing to get out of order! 


Brighten up your home! 


Costs no more than the other kind! 
Our Illustrated Book Free. ‘Tells all about up-to-date lighting of 


Get it! Read it! 


country home. 


1 THE SUNLIGHT GAS MACHINE. CO. 
47 Warren Street, New York 


bers one and three, it will be observed, are 
exactly like numbers two and four, but re- 
versed. Oftentimes an architect’s plan will 
fit the lot and exposure better if it is turned in 
this way. It is a simple thing to do and only 
necessitates retracing the drawing when laid 
face down. 

Lot number three is like number one, but in 
this case the house has been moved to the north, 
or back of the lot, and to save room the car- 
riage entrance is on the side street. We like 
this arrangement better than that of number 
two. 

In all these diagrams it will be noticed that 
the service court, kitchen and garage have 
been put in the least interesting and useful 
corner of the lot, and that the garage will to 
some extent screen one from neighbors’ back 
yards and kitchen doors. 

It will be readily seen that if the avenue 
were to run north and south instead of east 
and west, that the arrangement would be more 
dificult and quite different, and that another 
type of house would be required in order to 
get the most out of the lot. 


PLANTING A SUBURBAN LOT 


E. J. S. asks what trees and shrubs to use 
in planting a suburban lot which he describes 
vaguely. 

Without an accurate plan of the house and 
grounds as they exist, or good photographs, it 
is impossible to give any general advice that 
will be of much use. It is also difficult to plan 
such things without some knowledge of the 
owner's tastes. 

The best thing for E. J. S. to do is to go 
through a lot of nursery catalogues and make a 
a of the trees and shrubs he thinks he would 
like. 

It would be well to avoid all variegated, 
yellow-leaved and red-leaved shrubs unless one 
wants a very gaudy place, in which case one 
could do startling things with such brilliant 
material. For everyday life there is enough 
variety in the tones of green foliage to satisfy 
most of us. At first the list might be confined to 
hardy native plants, of which there is a won- 
derful variety. Many of these natives are 
little known and few have attained the popu- 
larity of forsythia, or Japanese barberry. It 
would be a rare delight to see a place planted 
only with native trees and shrubs. 

The nurserymen are only concerned in 
growing and selling plants; not in inducing 
one to make an intelligent choice, but a profita- 
ble one. Just now the profits are greater in 
selling ordinary stock, but if the demand for 
the best class of natives grows they will be 
forced to supply it. 

The list might contain, among others, the 
following striking, but neglected, shrubs an 
trees: 

Cladrastis tinctoria, yellow wood, our most 
elegant spreading tree. 

Amelanchier, shad bush, a small, flowering 
tree, second only to the dogwood in beauty, 
which bears edible fruit. 

Halesia tetraptera, the silver bell tree, well 
named and as beautiful as its name. 

Stuartia pentagyna, which bears a camellia- 
like flower in August. 

Andromeda arborea, the lily of the valley 
tree, which blooms in July and turns beauti- 
fully in October. 

Pyrus coronaria, the fragrant crab, whose 
blossoms are perhaps more delicious than the 
rose or violet. 

Magnolias in great variety. “These have the 
largest leaves and the largest blossoms of any 
trees, and are altogether satisfactory and strik- 
ing. The partially evergreen, M. glauca, 
should not be neglected. 

Chionanthus virginica, white fringe, is well 
known but no less beautiful on that account. 


AVEERIeCAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii 


Provide Modern Lighting 
for Your Home 


You will have fixtures to suit any 
decorative effect desired; lower 
lighting cost than sufficient light 
by lamps; absolute independence 
of monopoly lighting conditions 
and enjoy light of the best. 


April, 1909 


Let 


Fixtures to Suit all Tastes and Pocketbooks 


Usually regular gas fixtures, such as are used with city gas, are installed. But 
i there are other kinds available at reasonable cost; fixtures that perfectly simulate 
t con- 


ID you ever hear of the Colt Standard Generator? 
sists mainly of two tanks, and so simple that a large resi- 
dence including outbuildings and grounds may be brilliantly 


lighted by fifteen minutes’ attention once a month or less—by a 
bright boy or any “‘ man of chores.”’ 

It makes (generates) Acetylene Gas—modern acetylene—cool, 
clean, dry and pure; delivers it to the piping, under a pressure 
that wouldn’t break a pasteboard box, and the burners pass per 
hour but one tenth the amount of gas (if carelessly left open) as 
would a city gas burner of equal size, viz., twenty-five candle power, 
and the gas is non-poisonous. Thus the gas is much safer than 
city gas, with which all are familiar, and which insurance reports 
show to be much safer than electricity. 


Better Light and Perfect Service 


Because the Colt Generator makes cool, pure gas the light is 
actually—not theoretically—the nearest approach to daylight of 
any artificial light known. It is so near to daylight that colors in 
pictures, furnishings and decorations show their true colors—a 
revelation in enjoyment of the home at night. 

And the light is wholesome and healthful—odorless, clean and 
cool. There are no mantels, chimneys, etc., as with ordinary 
gas—to detract from the appearance of fixtures or cause annoyance 


candles, lamps, lanterns and electroliers. 


The Method 1s Simple 


Excepting for the advantages as pointed out, the method is the same as 
for city gas, differing only that you are independent, get better light (our gas is 
also practical for cooking) and in difference in cost between independence and 
public service charges, the generator is a desirable investment—not an expense. 


Our Colt Standard Generator 


It is used in thousands of residences throughout the United States and lights 
many American palaces, Yet it is solow in cost as to be within the reach of every 
one, Seventy-one United States Government Lighthouses use them, which is con- 
clusive proof of their efficiency. 

The Colt Standard Generator has: a a ; 

—The fundamental principal of gravity—hence simplicity and positive operation 
as to reliability and economical production of gas. 

—Colt Float Feed Cut-off, which for safety is like the water injector that 
prevents low water in a steam boiler. 

—Colt Floating Trap, which washes, cools and drys the gas, making it perfect. 

These features are all gravity in princi- 
ple—as certain of operation as the falling 
of a stone thrown into the air. 

Other features—all a part of the most 
conscientious manufacture — provide 
against forgetfulness and carelessness and 
make it strong, durable and a good invest- 
ment. 


General Information 


It takes an illustrated booklet to tell our 
story completely. Each page is alive with 
interest. We will gladly send it free. 

As we shall not remind you to write us 


by repeating this advertisement, will you 
not write us to-day? 

You want good light, and we believe you 
will appreciate the service we offer. We 
have distributors all over the United States 
and prices are uniform—but address home 


¥. iB COLT COMPANY, 23 Barclay Street, NEW YORK 


and expense. ‘The gas can be lighted by push button—thus pro- 
viding all of electricity’s lazy convenience but without electricity’s 
eye strain, for this light is natural—color balanced; a soft white 
light—like sunlight. Yet it costs less than oil. 


SHETLAND 
PONIES 


An unceasing source of pleasure and 
robust health for children; safe; inex- 
pensive to keep; many champions; 
stallions and mares for breeding; 
complete outfits; our beautifully illu- 
strated free catalog tells allabout them. 
BELLE MEADE FARM 
Dept. W. BEDFORD, MASS. 


Ge lakeo rere yes 
v2. Wirltetor Circulars 
AIF. FE. ae ERS 


~ Ashland, Ohlo 


ASP.ROOTS & CAL. PRIVET 


French Argenteuil Asparagus Roots. grown from 
imported seed, highly cultivated, selected for 
country homes. Finest flavored and largest 
Asparagus known. Plant now. S$? per 100. 
§ $5 for 200, $10 for 500. Also California Privet, 
my easily trimmed, fot hedges, screening unsightly 
objects. Strong plants for immediate effect, $3.50 
per 100, 86.50 for 200, $15 for 500. Planting 
directions for either with order. 


; S.L. de Fabry, Grower, Little Silver, N. J. 


oe | 


Ql you desire the most 
stylish furniture that 
can be obtained at a 
reasonable cost, use our 


French Willow 


s 
Furniture 
The latest improvements for homes, concrete 


“BUNGALITH” 


DURABLE, ECONOMICAL, CONVENIENT 
Address THOS. HALL, 257 39th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Lightweight, durable, 


artistic and cleanly. | 
Send for Catalogue and Prices 


THE WILLOWCRAFT SHOPS 


BOX A NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


CHINESE WICKER BASKET GHAIRS 
Imported direct from Hong Kong China. 
Weather finished, strongly made, very 
artistic, just the chair for porch or den. 
What you have always wanted but never 
Anew where to obtain. Sent direct upon 
receipt of price. Satisfaction guaranteed 
or money refunded. Reference German- 
American Savings Bank, Los Angeles. 
OMER G. HOWRY 
Importer of Chinese Wicker Furniture 
Broadway Central Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. 


Place a sundial in your garden or 
on your lawn and it will return an 
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment. 
WRITE US FOR FREE BOOKLET ¢ 


Sundial Information 
CHAS. G. BLAKE & CO. 
778 Woman's Temple, Chicago, Ill. 


Peonies and Irises True to Name! 


Buy of a specialist, who grows and knows the stock hesells. J have been 
specializing im hardy flowers for over eight years, but only a few months 


ago issued my first catalogue. My offerings comprise over 250,000 Iris and 
Peonies in about 1,000 varieties. SEND FOR MY CATALOGUE of 
Peonies, Irises, Phloxes and Hardy Plant Specialties. Pronounced by ex- 
perts the most complete in America. Contains information of great value 


to all who love hardy flowers. Free on application. 


BERTRAND H. FARR, ae NURSERIES 
809E Penn Street, Reading, Pa. 


PRICE, $8.00 


XIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


aS 


———~ 


ANY 
We 
Bor / WX 
a bi 


A SPLENDID GREENHOUSE 
COMBINATION 


The curved roof house in the center is for palms; those on either side for roses, carnations 
and a compartment devoted to general plants such as stocks, sweet peas, snapdragons and 


the like. 


This group of houses is pleasing in effect and right down practical in every way—and that 


is what you want first of all. 


would prefer. We will gladly send it. 


However, our illustrated matter may contain houses that you 


HITCHINGS & COMPANY 


1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 


CLEANER 


DOES THE WORK OF A LARGE POWER PLANT 


Many persons think of Vacuum Cleaning only in con- 
nection witha big gas engine hauled around ona wagon or 
a big stationary power plant costing $500, $1,000 and 
upwards. 

Therefore they are astonished when told that the 
IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER, which weighs only 20 
pounds and is operated either by hand or a little electric 
motor, is the perfection of the Vacuum Cleaning principle. 

For this astonishment there is no need. Here are the 
facts: 

Every Vacuum Cleaning system consists of four 
essential parts: (1) Motor Force; (2) Suction Pump; (3) 
Filtering ‘lank or Separator; (4) Hoze with nozzle, 


The Motor Force operates the Pump. The pumpsucks 
the air from the Tank or Separator so as to create inita 
Vacuum, To fill this Vacuum air whirls in through 
Nozzle and Hose, carrying with it dirt, dust, grit, germs 
and all other foreign matter. 


Why heretofore has there been need of a Motor Force 
of great power? Simply because the Pump and Separator 
have been far from the spot where the actual cleaning is 
done—out in the street or down in the cellar—so that the 
Force has had to operate through pipes and tubing over 
long distances and around sharp angles. 


Only that and nothing more. 


The Ideal Vacuum Cleaner 


OPERATED BY 


HAND 


—right on the spot. 


(FULLY PROTECTED BY PATENTS) 


“IT EATS UP THE DIRT” 


In this strong, compact, nortable machine, all the parts of the most efficient Vacuum Cleaning 


OR ELECTRIC 
MOTOR 


system are for the first time scientifically and economically concentrated. ; oon 
And that is why the force you put init by hand, or the force from a little motor connected with any electric light 
fixture, does the same actual cleaning work that is done by the big engine—and does it better and with more 


convenience. 


All the power of the Ideal Vacuum Cleaner is right where it is wauted. No surplus power 
has to be developed to take it there, and all its power being directly applied to cleaning pur= 


poses, none is wasted. Order at once so as to have your Ideal before house-cleaning time. . 


to operate it, 
at all. 


Illustrated Booklet. 


strength. 


You can’t keep your carpets, rugs, curtains, uphol- 
stery, wall decorations, etc., clean with broom and brush, 
and least ofall with carpet-sweeper. Vacuum 
Cleaning is the only right means, and with the 
IDEAL VACUUM CLEANER at your service, there is 
no longer any excuse for your being without its benefits. 

Everybody can afford the IDEAL. No skill needed 
Compared with sweeping, itis no work 
Every machine guaranteed. 


Your Protection 


That you may safely place your confidence in it and 
order a machine now, is shown by the large book of en- 
thusiastic testimonials sent us by many of the nearly 
12,500 purchasers of the machines, sold in less than nine 
months. This proves its merits and is your protection. 

Let us tell you how you can get one of these won- 
derful machines promptly. 
It tells an interesting story of a 
remarkable saving in money, time, labor, health and 
Send for it to-day. 


American Vacuum Cleaner Co. 
225 Sth Ave., New York City 


Also send for our Free 


Pyrus arbutifolia is a charming shrub at any 
season. 

Hypericum aureum, with golden flowers in 
August, relieves a dull season with its brilliant 
blossoms. 

Crataegus, a small tree, which is now said 
to be found in more than fifty-seven varieties, 
is quite perfect from an artistic standpoint. 

Among evergreens there are, of course, 
the rhododendron and laurel, Lencothoe and 
Andromeda, all expensive, but long-lived, and 
the most gratifying and satisfactory of all 
plants. 

Among the conifers we might include the 
red cedar, juniper, ground yew, pines and 
spruces, all of which are uncommon compared 
with the Norway spruce. 

Oaks, unfortunately, are hard to transplant. 
There are many besides the pin and scarlet 
oaks, and if small sizes are bought the propor- 
tion which will live is greater and the cost less. 

In planting these things put them in masses 
on the borders of the lawn or to hide the 
foundations of the house. Do not dot the lawn 
with shrubs until it looks like a growing set of 
dominoes. 

A single magnolia, for instance, might be 
on the lawn a little in front of the shrubbery, 
so that it will get light on all sides, and grow 
symmetrically. That will be very nice, but half 
a dozen dotted about would be horrid. The 
popular way is to have groups of three little 
evergreens disposed at various intervals and at 
unimportant points on the lawns, but such 
commonplace grouping is the expression of a 
rudimentary artistic sense. 

I think it is a mistake to plant shrubs and 
herbaceous flowers together. It never looks 
quite right, and the shrubs are bound to grow 
larger than one expects and shade the flowers. 
It is better to have a flower garden or an her- 
baceous border separate from the shrubbery. 


A ROSE GARDEN 


“I have a great many rose bushes which are 
now planted in a bed in the lawn and at one 
side of the house. They are fine varieties, but 
I must say they look pretty ragged most of the 
season. What can I do with them to make 
the place look better?” 

_I should certainly advise you to have a spe- 
cial rose garden, where all the bushes can be 
segregated and enjoyed by themselves. 

Rose bushes are not an ornament to the 
lawn. Their foliage is poor and their growth 
straggling and untidy. Even when in full 
bloom they do not look well in the landscape, 
and all their beauty is lost when seen from any 
distance. 

The flowers themselves are their only beauty, 
and these, if they are to be enjoyed, must be 
picked and worn or used in the house. [I left 
to decorate the bushes they open too wide. A 
rose wide open is an ugly thing and should 
never be seen in that condition. 

Roses in a special garden are more easily 
cared for, and at the best they are the most 
dificult of all flowers to grow in -perfection. 
They must be cultivated, manured, sprayed, 
and watered constantly. Every day one must 
look each bush over carefully and pick off 
worms and beetles. For people who enjoy 
growing roses this work is not hard, but it is 
nice to have all the bushes collected in a se- 
cluded spot, where one may work at ease. 

The rose garden should be small, intimate, 
and with a simplicity befitting the glory of 
the flower. Comfortable paths, but not too 
wide, should be provided, and many seats. It 
should be a garden without long vistas, so that 
one never sees the bushes in mass, but always 
near at hand and in minute detail. 

A jar of water constantly overflowing, in 
which the long stems may be plunged for a 
time, a table on which they may be arranged 


April, 1909 


Summer Furnishings for 
Town or Country 


This illustration represents one of our many inexpen- 
sive Enameled Suites for summer use, with cretonne and 
wall papers to match, a simple net curtain and a cool 
summer rug. 

An unusual collection of Reed and Rattan Furniture, 
which may be finished in any desired color of stain or 
enamel, making it impervious to climatic changes. 


We are prepared to submit sketches and estimates that 


require specific and technical knowledge for Interior 
Decorations or Furnishings, for execution in either town 


or country. 
Geo. C. FLINT Co. 


43-47 WEsT 23“ST. 
Coldwell ,bawn 
Owelts 


Hand, Horse and Motor Power 


| 
| 


24-28 West 24° ST. 


I 


are used by the New York City Park 
Department, the Capitol at Washington, 
and by many leading golf and country 
clubs and large estates of America 


EXCLUSIVELY 


Send for Catalogue 


Coldwell Lawn Mower Company 
20 Coldwell Street NEWBURGH, N. Y. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


sg ENCES LENE 


ps 


Tas 


Se a 
GOES CENQIT TSN 
SEALS NS e 


BOBBINK @ ATKINS’ 


World’s Choicest Nursery Products 


It is advisable to order now to get your choice of our world’s choicest nursery 
products. Never before have we had a selection as handsome as we offer for 
planting this season. Intending purchasers will do well to visit our Nurseries to 
inspect our products. If you cannot, we shall be pleased to give prices on your 
list of wants for Spring planting. c 


TRAINED AND DWARF FRUIT TREES 


We have a complete assortment of these popular and profitable trees. 


PINES 


We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No 
grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are health- 
ful and add attractiveness to the landscape. 


EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS 


Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the most attractive specimens 
ever produced in this country. Our collection has been admired by visitors 
from all parts of the world. 


ROSES 


We have many thousands of two year old plants ready for shipment, con- 
sisting of all the most suitable for the American climate. 


OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS 


For old fashioned gardens, beds and borders. Many acres of our Nursery 
are planted with the most complete collection in this country. Thousands 
of people visit our Nursery annually to see them when in bloom. 


FRUITS 


We can supply fruit trees to make a complete fruit garden. In addition, we 
have a fine selection of all kinds of small fruits, strawberries, etc. 


RHODODENDRONS 


Are among our specialties. Everybody intending to plant should certainly 
see our stock. We can give prices on large or small quantities in all the 


hardiest and most attractive varieties. 


BOXWOOD 


Our stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands inall sizes, suitable 
for boxwood gardens. 


TREES AND FLOWERING SHRUBS 


Our trees and shrubs are hardy, vigorous and free from disease. 


BAY TREES 


The largest collection in this country in all sizes can now be seen in our 
storehouses. 


VINES AND CLIMBERS 


We have large quantities for every style of covering. 


HEDGE PLANTS 


We grow thousands for any kind of hedge desired. 


TUBS 


We make them in all sizes and shapes for plants and trees. 


Our nursery products will give permanent satisfaction to purchasers, because 
they possess the standard of quality created by the highest grade of cultivation. 


Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 90 will be mailed to prospective purchasers. 


VISIT OUR NURSERIES 
Rutherford, N. J. 


Nurserymen and Florists 


A Special Refrigerator for Nou Special Needs 3 


It is now the custom to plan for and build the 
refrigerator to fit the space most convenient to pan- 
tries and kitchen—to provide an extra door for the ice 
chamber so that it can be iced from an outside porch. 


M€& CRAY 


REFRIGERATORS 


(Keep things fresh) 


because the air in them is purified by constantly recurring 


contact with the ice, caused by the ‘‘McCray System.” This 
also dries the air so that even matches or salt can be kept 
perfectly dry in this refrigerator. 


Your choice of sanitary linings: Opal-glass, (looks like white 
china—% inch thick) porcelain-tile, white enameled wood or 
odorless white wood. No zinc is ever used, as zinc forms dan- 
gerous oxides that poison milk and other food. Can be arranged 
for icing from an outside porch if desired. 


Cut Down Your Ice Bills 


McCray Refrigerators use less ice than other refrigerators, because McCray wallsare 
the thickest and best *‘heat and cold proof’’ walls made. 
McCray Refrigerators of all sizes and styles are ready for immediate shipment. 
Built-to-Order refrigerators for any purpose can be shippid three weeks after order 
is received. Every McCray is guaranteed to give lasting satisfaction. Upon request 
we will send you one of our illustrated books which explains why McCray Refrigera- 
tors are better than other refrigerators and different from ordinary ice boxes. 
Write a postal for catalog while you think of it. 

No. A. H.—Built-to-order for Residences. No. 85.—Regular size for Residences. 

No. 66.—For Grocery Stores No. 47.—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions, etc. 

No. 58.—For Meat Markets. No. 71.—For Florists. 


McCray Refrigerator Co., 887 Mili Street, Kendallville, Ind. 


XV 


The Price 
of Goodness 


The goodness of Uneeda Biscuit is 
not a matter of cost to you. It is assured 
by the careful selection of the best ma- 
terials for Uneeda Biscuit; by the skill 
of experts who bake nothing but Uneeda 
Biscuit; by the perfect cleanliness and 
appliances of great bakeries built ex- 


pressly to bake Uneeda Biscuit; and, 
finally, by the perfect protection of a 
package that excludes all dust and 
moisture. 

All this has resulted in a quality out 
of all proportion to the price. 


Uneeda 5 


Biscuit 


NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


(rea 


| Heat @ Hot Water Any Time 
‘i Without a Night Fireman 


made possible bya WILKS WATER HEATER in your greenhouse, 
barns, garage, brooders or anywhere that hot water and heat are de- 
sired. The WILKS IMPROVED Coal, MAGAZINE is the only one that 
feeds itselfand vegulates itself, keeping the fire 10 consecutive hours, 
thus doing away with need of night firing and making 


WILKS Water Heaters 


as easily cared for as a kitchen range. Any desired degree of heat or 
temperature can be maintained. We guarantee these heaters to work 
right and give satisfaction if installed according to our plain directions. 
Anyone can install. WiLKS HEATERS are strongly made of high 
grade steel and will not crack, as they have no sections—no bolts to 
loosen. Tested to 100 Ibs. pressure. Successfully used for 50 years. 

Write for Book jeicRtate wnat you want a heater for-and 

we will advise you what heater is best for your particular requirements. 


S. WILKS MFG. CO., 3514 Shields Avenue, CHICAGO & 
ta . ; ; 


It Don’t Pay to Feed Hens That Don’t Lay 


We have for sale 100 pure bred yearling White 
Leghorn hens—all laying to-day—$2.00 each. Also 
5 cockerels $5.00 each,. or we will divide the lot to 
suit—Settings of 15 eggs, $2.00. 


BELLE HILL WHITE LEGHORN RANGE, Elkton, Md. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


for the house, complete the furnishings of the 
garden, unless one can have a sun-dial on a 
beautifully carved pedestal, or some small faun 
in bronze to smile and sympathize with the 
things that happen not only among the roses, 
but, perhaps, also sub rosa. 

In such a garden one may pass many hours 
of delightful occupation and many hours of 
thoughtful worship of the queen of flowers. 

The rose garden should be protected from 
high winds, and it will be all the better if it 
gets sunshine for only eight hours in the 
middle of the day. Before eight or nine the 
sun perhaps will not reach it, and then is the 
time for work and for picking the flowers 
while still dew covered and just beginning to 
open. ‘The colors of the rose are more bril- 
liant in the morning light or after four in the 
afternoon, when the long shadows from the 
west come creeping over them; toward night 
their fragrance seems to float in the air, more 
delicate and more entrancing. 

After the first prodigality of bloom in June, 
there comes a pause when there are few flow- 
ers and then one is quite willing to have the 
rose bushes out of sight and to forget all about 
them, except the necessity for cultivation and 
watching. 

There is a quick recovery and for the re- 
mainder of the summer there should be plenty 
to gather every day. 


THE HOTBED 
By Ida D. Bennett 


HAVE always advocated the construction 
of the cheapest and most temporary of 
hotbeds rather than no hotbed at all, but 

where one is living in their own home and 
the bed will be apt to prove permanent, a sub- 
stantial construction is always to be preferred, 
and this can best be secured by the use of 
concrete. I could give reliable data as to the 
amount of material and expense of construct- 
ing a hotbed of a given size, if there was any 
uniformity in the charges of masons and the 
cost of material even in the same place. 
Where one can do their own mason work, 
or at least oversee it, concrete construction 
is the cheapest and most satisfactory form of 
permanent work for outbuildings, but high 
priced, and dishonest masons may easily make 
it the most expensive. 

In building permanent structures it is well 
to build them on a generous scale, as it is 
better to have a little unused room than to be 
cramped for space, and the advantage of hav- 
ing room, not only for the starting of one’s 
flower and garden seeds, but also of bulbs and 
cuttings, is beyond any trifling matter of ex- 
pense, for a few feet more or less wil) not add 
materially to the expense. 

Even more important than the matter of 
size of the beds is their location, for upon this 
will depend their effectiveness. “They should 
be as near the house as possible for convenience 
in caring for, and should be, if possible, on 
a rise of ground or at least in a well-drained 
position and facing the south, with a building, 
wall or other windbreak at the north; pro- 
tection from the full force of the west wind 
also has a value, for the hotbed will be in com- 
mission at a time when the west winds are 
much in evidence. 

It is best in constructing the beds, whatever 
the material, that the building shall be from 
the bottom of the pit up, and the pit should 
be about four feet deep. Very satisfactory 
results often follow the making of beds whose 
frames rest upon the surface of the ground, 
but such an arrangement always presents a 
serious element of risk, especially where the 
premises are infested with moles, gophers and 
field mice, which enter unprotected beds much 
to their harm. It is seldom that trouble of 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii 


MENNEN'S 


BORATED TALCUM 


TOILET POWDER 


= 
~~ 


“Baby’s Best Friend” 
and Mamma’s greatest comfort. Mennen’s relieves and 
prevents Chapped Hands and Chafing. y 
For your protection the genuine is put up in non-re- 
fillable boxes—the ‘‘Box that Lox,’”’ with Mennen’s face 
ontop. Sold everywhere or by mail 25 cents—Samfple free. 
Try Mennen’s Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder—It 
has the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets. Sample free. 


GERHARD MENNEN CO.. Newark, N. J. 
Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap (blue wrapper). No Samples, 
Specially prepared for the nursery. Sold only at stores. 
Mennen’s Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental Odor. 


————————— 
Thread and Thrum RUGS 


Different from all other rugs, made 
in colorings to match your decora- 
tions. Special styles to go with 
Mission or Fumed Oak Furniture. 
Wool weft, seamless, heavy, revers- 
ible and durable. All sizes up to 
12 feet wide and any length. Sold 
by best shops in principal cities. 
If your dealer does not keep them, 
write Arnold, Constable & Co., New 
York, for Color Line and Price List. 


THREAD AND THRUM WORKSHOP, 
Auburn, N. Y. 


PALLISER’S UP-TO-DATE 
HOUSE PLANS 


is just off the presses 


The object of these plans is to 
combine present-day elegance, 
convenience and comfort in a 
house of moderate cost. 

They afford the home builder 
an opportunity to consider sever- 
al plans before deciding on the one 
exactly suited to his wants. 


They also eliminate the usual expensive ““extras’’ in building. 
Palliser’s Up-to-Date House Plans is a well-bound book 
of 160 large octayo pages containing complete plans and working 
directions for 


150 Houses Costing from $500 to $18,000 


Published in limited edition and priced at less than the cost of 
one hour of an architect’s time. 


Paper Binding $1.00. Cloth $1.50, postpaid 
J.S. OGILVIE PUB. CO., 41 Rose St., New York 


FREE comtcnon poworr 


THE KING OF ALL BEAUTIFYING POWDERS 


It is absorbent and non-irritating, and may be 
used where other powders are impossible. It 
will enhance the beauty of the most perfect com- 
plexion and render less apparent the defects of 
the poorest. It is endorsed by the leading pro- 
fessional and society people, and we guarantee 
every package to give perfect satisfaction. To 
further introduce this wonderful powder we make 
this special offer to you. Send us the names 
and addresses of ten ladies and 10c. in money or 
stamps to cover charges, and we will send you 
prepaid a sample package of Rex Complexion 
Powder, a sample jar of Rex Scientific Beauty 
Cream, and our handsome illustrated Beauty 
Book. This handsome book is 32 pages and 
cover, and complete in detail; telling you how 
to preserve your beauty and create new charms. 
Rex Scientific Beauty Cream is without a peer, 
we positively guarantee that it contains nothing 
that will produce or encourage the growth of 
hair or down on the face. It has more body 
and is a better working cream than any other 
cream manufactured, and will not turn rancid. 
By dealing with us you are guaranteed satisfac- 
tion; we will promptly return purchase price if 
any of our articles are not perfectly satisfactory 
to the user. Address 


REX BEAUTY SPECIALISTS, Dept. Cc 
290 E. 43d St., Chicago, III. 


FIFTY FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 
_ WOLFF'S PLUMBING GOODS 


| 


| 
fl 


“Guaranteed” 


Architects are cautioned that there are many guarantee 
labels being used on porcelain enameled iron plumbing 


fixtures, and that in accepting a guaranteed tub, it will | 
be the part of caution to identify the firm issuing the guar- 
antee label as to financial responsibility and record of | 


having made good, in a broad way, all that a guarantee 
label both states and implies. 

The WOLFF GUARANTEE is fifty-three years old, 
and during that time has made a reputation for itself unique 
in the relation of a manufacturer to his product. 


The cost of tearing out and replacing imperfect plumb- 

ing fixtures is so great that a guarantee label must have 

a broader meaning on plumbing equipment than on any 

other branch of building equipment. The guarantee 

label that is not backed by reputation and undoubted 
i financial responsibility is indeed an empty statement. ! 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Manufacturers of 


PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The only Complete Line made by any one firm 


DENVER CHICAGO TRENTON 
Showrooms: 91 Dearborn Street 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


615 Northwestern Building, Minneapolis, Minn. Monadnock Building, San Francisco, Cal. 
Builders Exchange, Cleveland, Ohio. 77 Richmond Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 
1209 Scarrett Building, Kansas City, Mo. 1108-1122 Nicholas Street, Omaha, Neb. 


327-328 Bond Building, Washington, D. C 


3-5-7-10-12 14 and 40 H. P. at proportionate prices. 
Z Starts without cranking; no cams, valves, springs or sprockets. Only 
three moving parts. Uses alcohol, gasoline, naphtha, distillate, kerosene, 
——s coal oil, etc. All bearings babbitted. Cylinders and pistons ground. 
Crank shaft forged steel. For your Row Boat, Sail Boat, Launch. 10,000 in use, All sizes ready to 
ship. Send for testimonials and free catalog. 


DETROIT ENGINE WORKS, 1206 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mic». 


Build Beautiful Houses 


It is really cheaper to be beautiful than ugly. Your 
reputation for taste depends mostly upon the outside of 
your house. Most people never see the inside. ‘he soft, 
rich, velvety tones of 


Cabot’s Shingle Stains 


make beautiful houses more beautiful, commonplace 
houses attractive, and redeem ugly houses, They are 
also cheap, easy to apply, and guaranteed fast colors; 
and they are made of Creosote, ‘‘the best wood-preser- 
vative known.” 


Agents at all Central Points 2 SS _—__ 
=p ¢ W. E. Jackson, Architect, Philadelphia 


SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers Samples on wood, and color- “Quilt”—the warmest 
131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. chart sent on request sheathing paper 


SEEDSMEN 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


99 


"Fragrance 


The Only Sweet Scented Dalia 
y in the World 


Glistening single white flowers of large size, 
borne on long stems, having the fragrance of the 
honeysuckle. Flowers in profusion from August 


until frost. Be 
Young plants $1.00 to readers of this magazine only; f) 
regular $2.00 each. This ad. appears in no other magazine. 


Send for free copies of Rawson s Garden Manual] for 1909 
and Special Dalia Catalogue 


W. W. RAWSON @® CO. 


BOSTON, MASS. 


flies 


The Reason Why 


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most easily applied, most satisfactory finish. 


For Floors, Furniture and All Interior Woodwork 
It is equally suitable for the finest inlaid hardwood floors or 
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“The Wax witha Guarantee” 


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“Beautiful Floors—Their Finish and Care” 
It gives valuable, expert advice in plain terms on such subjects as 


Woods Fit For Flooring Finishing Kitchen, Pantry 
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Finishing New ‘Floors Finishing Furnitureand Inter- 
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“Old English’? Floor Wax is guaranteed to give satisfaction 
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but t it as directed 1, 2, 4 and 
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order it from us 


A. S. BOYLE & CO. 
1913 West 8th Strcet, Cincinnati, Ohio 


Also Manufacturers of ‘‘ BRIGHTENER ”’— 
which keeps floors clean and bright all the time. 


April, 1909 


this kind occurs, but that it does come, and 
that when least expected, has been my experi- 
ence. 

Whenever it is necessary to use lumber for 
the frame it should be of sound stuff, free 
from knotholes, or, if these do exist, they 
should be masked with pieces of tin securely 
nailed down. 

In former years I have heen content with 
a six inch slope to the sash, but have become 
convinced that is much too little, and the new 
beds show a fall of twelve inches; this has 
proven none too much, as it sheds water far 
more perfectly than a lower pitch. The width 
of the frames will depend upon the sash, but 
should not be too wide to reach across easily, 
probably about three feet, and as long as de- 
sired. 

The pit should be dug the entire length of 
the hotbed range, and partitions used to sepa- 
rate it into as many sections as desired. In 
building the walls, if strips of inch stuff is 
tacked to the forms at the point where the 
sash meet, it will, when removed, leave a slot 
into which partitions of three-fourth inch stuff 
can readily be slipped. ‘The object of parti- 
tions is to allow the various classes of stuff 
raised in the beds to receive just the condition 
they require. Cabbage, cauliflower, asters, 
pansies, and the like require plenty of air and 
a less high temperature than tomatoes, peppers, 
eggplants and other heat loving vegetables. 
Then too, one does not care to mix up flowers, 
bulbs, cuttings and vegetables in one and the 
same bed, and the partitions give the isolation 
of separate frames. 

The usual florists’ sash are three by six feet, 
but the ordinary glass used is subject to many 
accidents and is likely to prove, in the end, an 
expensive feature of the hotbed, and I am 
now substituting a quarter inch reinforced 
ribbed glass. “This is somewhat expensive and 
has the further disadvantage of being heavy 
to handle, but that is not a serious objection 
where the sash is hinged to the frame of the 
bed with loose pin butts, and the satisfaction 
of knowing that no ordinary accident will 
break them is worth the extra expense, and 
greater warmth is afforded by their use. . 

The top of the frame should have a frame 
of two-by-four hardwood lumber bedded in 
to receive the sash. Where the hotbed is con- 
structed against a building, an excellent way 
to lift the sash is to run a strip of two-by-four 
along the face of the building above the beds, 
and attach a pulley opposite center of each 
sash, over which a cord from the sash will 
run, and raise and lower them by this means. 
The loose end of the cord should run through 
a groove in the edge of the sash and have knots 
at intervals to adjust it. 

This is the substantial, permanent form of 
hotbed construction, but let no one be deterred 
from enjoying the advantages of the beds be- 
cause a bed of this kind seems unattainable; 
excellent results may be achieved by using 
waste lumber about the place and discarded 
window sash, providing all is made tight, and 
wind, cold and vermin proof; even slight 
frames of wood made to rest on the ground 
over the pit, and put together with pegs so 
that they may be taken apart later and stored 
as lumber, the beds filled up and leveled off 
or planted to flowers, will be far and away 
ahead of no beds at all. 

If the soil is good where the beds are lo- 
cated the best of the surface soil should be 
saved to use in the beds and the rest removed. 
When the time has arrived for putting the 
beds in commission, which will be any time 
from the first of March to the first of April 
according to the latitude, secure a supply of 
fresh horse manure sufficient to fill the .entire 
pit to overflowing. This should be gathered in 
the morning from that which has accumu- 
lated over night in the stables. It should be 


April, 1909 


mixed with an equal quantity of straw or 
leaves and may be placed at once in the pit, 
pressing it lightly into the corners but not 
packing it down. If very dry it may be 
sprinkled with hot water and the sash should 
then be closed and the mass left to heat. 

Professional gardeners usually place the 
manure in a large pile to heat, and turn it 
over once or twice to insure the even heating 
ot the mass, but this course is hardly practica- 
ble in a small private plant, as to handle a 
small pile in this way would retard its heat- 
ing indefinitely; it needs the protection of the 
pit to bring it to an active state of fermenta- 
tion, and should not be disturbed after that 
kas once begun more than is necessary to bring 
it into an even temperature and firmness of 
mass. 

When the mass is thoroughly heated in all 
its parts, especially in the corners, which may 
readily be ascertained by thrusting a fork into 
it for a few moments and feeling of the tines 
when removed, it should be tramped down 
firmly, making the surface as level as possible. 
Over this fresh manure I always like to place 
an inch or two of old, well-rotted manure 
made as fine as possible. This is to furnish 
food for the plants and prevent their entering 
the fresh manure, which would seriously burn, 
if it did not actually kill, the tender plants. 
One sometimes sees the plants in the hotbeds 
apparently burned by the sun, though much 
care may have been exercised in airing and 
shading the beds, but usually, if a few of the 
plants were pulled up, it would be found that 
not the tops but the roots have been burned, 
by contact with the raw manure. 

Over the manure about five inches of good, 
1ich soil should be placed, and it will be well 
if the last inch of this is sifted through a sand 
sieve to remove all stones, sticks and bits of 
roots, as many of the seeds to be sown will 
be very fine and would not do their best if 
planted in rough soil. The soil should be 
leveled off smooth and as nearly level as pos- 
sible, in order that the water used in watering 
may not run and wash the seeds in the soil. 
The soil should be moist but not wet at the 
time of sowing the seeds, and if too dry it 
will be well to water lightly with a watering 
pot rose and allow to partially dry out before 
sowing. 

Plant seeds of plants requiring the same 
temperature and conditions in the same sec- 
tion of the hotbed. Those requiring little heat 
and abundance of air had better be at one end, 
where the sash may be left entirely open at 
times without affecting the rest of the beds. 
The partitions should be so arranged as to 
close the juncture of the several sash, so that 
when one is open its neighbor will not be 
affected. 

As far as possible it is desirable to plant 
seeds which germinate at about the same time 
in the same part of the bed, as they are more 
easily handled. All seeds should be sown in 
little plats separated from the other plats by 
thin strips of wood, and each plat distinctly 
labeled with name and date of sowing and, 
when known, the period at which it germi- 
nates. 

Very small, fine seed do not need to be cov- 
ered, merely pressed into the soil with the 
hand, or a piece of board with a handle on one 
side kept for just that purpose; somewhat 
coarser seed may be sifted over the surface and 
fine soil or sand sifted over it and the whole 
pressed down, while seeds of appreciable size 
may be sown in shallow drills and the earth 
drawn back over them and pressed down, 
while large seeds should be covered their own 
thickness with earth; but in all and every case 
the soil must be firm above them. After all 
is done the soil may be lightly watered with a 
rubber sprinkler or a very fine rosed watering 


4 Sermentine) = 


Makes Very Dainty and Serviceable 


CURTAINS 
DRAPERIES 
ann SCREENS 


SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES 


PACIFIC MILLS, BOSTON 


Bound Volumes 0 aren 1905 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
| WASHES without IRONING # 


| 


American Nome Noten te a 


and Gardens oe on 


MUNN & CO., Publishers 


Wall Papers and 
Wall Coverings 


A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK 


for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- 
tects, Builders and House Owners, 
with many half-tone and other illus- 
trations showing the latest designs 


By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 


EXTRACT FROM PREFACE 


HE author has endeavored to include 

characteristic designs in vogue to- 

day, and to give reliable information 
as to the choice of wall papers as well as 
to describe the practical methods of ap- 
plying them. In dealing with matters 
concerning decoration there is always the 
danger of leaning too much toward an 
ideal and of overlooking the practical re- 
quirements of commercial life. The au- 
thor hopes that he has been successful in 
avoiding this fault, and that his book will 
be regarded as both practical and useful. 


One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 


MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


361 Broadway, New York ; - 


our preparations in your home. We will send 


WW" WANT a sample of wood finishing done with 


the materials to do the work. 


Here they are: 


A bottle of Johnson’s Electric Solvo to quickly re- 


move the old finish — 


A bottle of Johnson’s Wood Dye (you to choose the 
color from our 14 different shades) to color the wood— 
A sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax to give that 


beautiful ‘‘hand-rubbed” effect — 


And our illustrated guide book for home beautifying which includes complete color 


card and tells how to finish and refinish wood. 


No doubt you have some piece of furniture that you prize highly, yet do not use 
on account of the worn condition of its finish, or because it does not harmonize with 


other furniture or decorations. 


Use this outfit, which we want to send you free, for refinishing it, and you will 
be surprised to learn how easily the work is done and the beauty of the result. 
May we send you these three packages, and the valuable six-color book, free 


at once? 


Learn from the test the beautiful effect obtained from the use of 


Johnson’s Wood Dye 


Itisnot a mere stain. It isa deep seated dye—sinking into the pores of the 


wood and bringing out the beauty of the grain. 


When finished with 


Johnson’s Prepared Wax you havea permanent finish of real beauty 


and most artistic effect. 


We want to give you these three pack- 


ages at once. Send twelve (12) cents to partially pay cost of pack- : 


ing and postage—using coupon below for your convenience. 


& : a 


x1x 


Johnson’s Wood Dye comes in 14 Standard shades: 


- 126 Light Oak . 130 Weathered Oak 
. 127 Dark Oak . 131 Brown Weathered Oak 
. 125 Mission Oak . 132 Green Weathered Oak 
. 170 Manilla Oak . 124 Moss Green 
. 110 Bog Oak . 122 Forest Green 
. 128 Light Mahogany _ 172 Flemish Oak 
. 129 Dark Mahogany . 178 Brown Flemish Oak 
Half-pints 30c; pints 50c. Johnson’s Prepared 
Wax, 10c and 25c packages. Also sold in large 
sizes. For sale by all leading paint dealers. 
Send coupon today to 


S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. 


“The Wood Finishing Authorities” 


XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


Heat that makes complete 


There are thousands of 
houses that need only to be 
furnished with the home- 
making comfort of Steam, 
Hot- Water, or Vacuum 
heating to secure good ten- 
ants or ready purchasers. 
No one will long live ina 
poorly heated house, and 
the vacant house goes to 
pieces much faster than 
one which is occupied. 


will attract and hold tenants at 10% to 
ME IC AN DE AL 15 % higher rentals; property sells quicker, 
& and owner gets back the full cost of the 
RADIATORS BOILERS heating outfit IDEAL Boilers and 
AMERICAN Radiators are annually re- 

placing thousands of old-fashioned heating equipments that have been found 
wasteful and wanting in OLD cottages, houses, stores, churches, schools, etc. 
Ever hear of any one going back to other forms of heating once they have tried 


our way? Any argument in that to you? 


Don’t delay investigating this well-paying permanent investment with its marked fuel, labor, and 
repair savings, besides the greater comfort, health protection, cleanliness, safety, and durability. 
Just the season to get the 
services of the most skill- 
ful fitters. Prices are now 
most favorable. 


Write to-day for free val- 
uable book, telling how 
to save heating dollars 
and the waytosave buiid- 4 
“ ae ‘ r a 
A No. 3015 IDEAL Boiler and 175 ft. A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 400 ings from emptiness and a 
of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, ft. of Seas Lilet, decay. Our definite in- @ 
Costing the owner $118, were used costing the owner O5, were usec 6 q 
to Steam heat this cottage. to Hot-Water heat this cottage. formation and _ booklets % 
At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent fitter. put you under no obliga- 


This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- 63 
tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. tion whatsoever to buy. 


cnewttes AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY “escxzo° 
oH oe oe oes ol ool oso os a le le os as os ae ooo oe oe 


Ess 
Sas 


J 


sbi 
Te RP i SA th SEIT 


PREDIC IAA READE PPE Mey, 


Don’t Injure Your Hair with Old-F ashioned Irons; Use 


The “DEL” Electric Curling Iron | 


The only detachable curling iron ever invent- | The ‘‘Del”’ is quickly heated from the in 
ed. The “‘Del’’ has nothing to get out of side—evenly heated vor end to end at just 
order—nothing to break or bend—offers no | the proper degree for hair dressing. The } 
chance to scorch the hair or burn the fingers. | heat is retained to allow the iron to be de- }} 
No soot or smoke from gas or lamp to soil | tached and used in another room if desired, 
the hair. No fear of making | the hair | Tt never heats in spots and cannot be over- 
coarse or brittle. The ‘‘Del’’ saves all] hented to scorch or injure the hair like the 
these and beautifies the hair, for its| ordinary iron. You will be surprised and }} 
. electric heat instills new life, while | delighted to find how quickly, easily and 
\, its highly polished surface imparts perfectly you can dress your hair in the 
a glowing lustre. The ‘Del’? is| latest fashion with the “Del.” i 
Aa attached to any ordinary elec- Try the “Del”? 5 Days at Our Expense 
venn WSS lite Thee t fixture, and so simple any lady | Then, if you are willing to part with it, send [} 
Soe a Ts: Wea ses more beautiful and lus-| it back—we’ll pay express both ways—and 
thaw ig sce! Waves, Curls and Pompadours | cheerfully refund your money. Price of the ff 
pan ee ee MAB CS) fola-tashioned coping, ‘‘Del’’ is $3.75, express prepaid. Send to usi 
air to remai i i e i i : 
several days longer, bs dan cueieainanes ooEcoe! dealer or clecericletatton a 


DEL SALES COMPANY, Dept. N, Monadnock Bldg. _. CHICAGO, ILL. 
. 


HBR 


f You can 
# surpass the 
My work of any 2 
skilled hair dresser who uses 
an old-fashioned curling iron. 


OOKSECO. CLEVELAND 0. 
hc FLOURSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. 
SAS FEVERY DESCRIPTION. 
SA SEND FORCATALOGUE. 


The expense and annoyance of painting will not recur every year 
or two if you use 


DIXON’S SILICA-GRAPHITE PAINT 


the ‘'Proven Shield for Steel Work.’’ Durability records in all 
climates; write for a few. 2 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. 


pot, the surface covered with newspapers, and 
the sash closed and the seed left to germinate. 

As soon as the seeds have germinated and 
appeared above ground air and light will be 
required, and this must be given with discre- 
tion for the first few days or until the first 
true leaves appear, but insufficient air and 
light will result in spindling plants, which 
will give poor results if, indeed, they recover 
at all. Carefully avoiding chilling or sun- 
burn the more air and light the plants receive 
the better, but care must always be taken to 
avoid a draft across the plants, and when the 
sash is raised above tender plants it is a wise 
precaution to place a screen against the open- 
ing on the windward side. “The beds must not 
be allowed to become overheated, as the tem- 
perature rises very rapidly under a hot sun 
and falls as rapidly when the sun goes under 


a cloud or beyond the range of the hotbed, so- 


that many shiftings of the sash become neces- 
sary during the course of a day in the chang- 
able weather of early spring. 

When the young plants have become esta- 
blished and are growing freely, more and more 
air and light should be given until the sash 
may remain open the greater part of the day, 
replacing them at first with lath screens and 
later with those of wire until, as the nights 
grow warmer, the sash may remain open 
thoughout the twenty-four hours. 

As the time approaches for planting out in 
the open ground the plants should have at- 
tained sufficient size to make a rapid growth 
trom the start; this will more especially be 
the case if the precaution has been taken to 
transplant a portion of the plants into fresh 
rows, and so leave the remaining plants with 
sufficient room to develop a stocky growth. A 
cold frame is a very useful adjunct to a hot- 
bed, as it allows of thinning out the over- 
crowded plats and giving more favorable sur- 
roundings. Asters, cabbage and cauliflower 
especially benefit by transplanting. 

The night before transplanting the bed 
should be thoroughly watered, so that the 
plants may be in the best possible condition 
for removal, and everything should be in 
readiness for the work so that the plants may 
be gotten into the ground as expeditious as 
possible after they are lifted. 


THE HEATING APPARATUS FOR 


THE SMALL COUNTRY HOUSE 
(Continued from page v) 


the return pipes to the bottom of the boiler to 
be reheated. 

The steam plant is slightly different in its 
mechanism and fittings. ‘The boiler is practi- 
cally the same with the exception that the 
steam boiler requires a steam gauge, safety 
valve and water column with gauge, water 
gauge and glass. 

The piping as well as the radiators are 
larger in a hot water plant than in a steam 
plant, the hot water pipes being two inches 
and the steam one and one-quarter inches (if 
a two-pipe system is used, a one-inch flow and 
a three-quarter-inch return). Hot water radi- 
ators should be about forty per cent. larger 
than the steam radiators. In a steam plant 
each radiator must, further, have a vent to let 
the air out, or the steam will not enter the 
radiator. 

Buy a good boiler. There are a great many 
varieties. Sectional boilers, composed of vari- 
ous cast iron sections connected together by 
push nipples or by drums above and on both 
sides, are the best for the country house. They 
may be added to should the original boiler 
prove insufficient, or the house be enlarged. 
They are light and easy to transport and set 
up, and in case of an explosion it will confine 
itself to but one or two sections. A cast iron 
base forms the ashpit. The boiler should 


April, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi 


GOING TO BUILD ?~—ByA! Means Consider This 


We will save you money on plans and give you service second to none in the country 


Through our three hand- 
some books of -Residence 
Designs, we are supplying 
the need for practical and 
successful plans at the low- 
est practical price. Every 
set of plans ordered 
is furnished in duplicate— 
triplicate, if you need them, 
and you can have the house 
just as you want it be- 
cause we write the specifi- 
cations to conform to your 
desires. | No stereotyped 
specifications. No extras 
or strings tied to the price 
of plans. 


The books are as follows, 


From No. 3 Book sent prepaid on receipt of 
‘ price. 
No. 1. 25 Designs of Residences ranging in price from $1,500 to $5,000. . . $.50 SE =F 
No. 2.-- <5 Sipe oe Sc D500 01tOnb20400.0-mummen gp l00 From No. 1 Book 


No. 3. ‘‘ Cement Designs of Residences ranging in price from $2,000 to $20,000 $1.00 


Photographic cuts of Flatand Apartment Houses, Schools, Theatres, Clubs, Churches, etc., 10c. each. Note: We sebate price of books or cuts on first order for plans. 


ARTHUR G. LINDLEY CO., Architects, Parker Building, Schenectady, N. Y. 


Dept. C. Bank and Business References 


THIS HANDSOME GARAGE (15x21 feet) ONLY $234 


This is but one of our many styles of CORNELL PORTABLE GARAGES 


Cornell Portable Houses are strong, serviceable buildings, wind and water proof, inexpensive and 
artistic. They are built complete in every particular at factory, constructed in sections, of first-class 
materials, painted any colors desired and shipped anywhere. We pay the freight. Are quickly and 
easily erected by bolting sections together. They cost much less than what local builders charge, 
besides saving you all annoyance of building. We make Portable Houses of all kinds, such as 
Summer Cottages, Garages, Children’s Playhouses, Camps, Stables, Stores, Studios, etc. 
Handsome illustrated catalog upon request. 


WYCKOFF LUMBER & MFG. CO., 410 Adams Street, ITHACA, N. Y. 


_ The 
Lasting Impression 
of Artistic Hardware 


Let the hardware trimmings 
about your house reflect your 
chosen architectural scheme 
and create an impression of 
true taste and refinement in 
home finishing. Whatever 
the woodwork or decoration, 
plain or elaborate, perfect 
harmony is assured by 


SARGENT’S 
Artistic Hardware 


Illustrations and descriptions 
of over seventy distinctive 
designs are contained in 
Sargent’s Bock of Designs—Free 
Also explains the Easy Spring 
Principle of Sargent’s Locks. 


The Colonial Book—showin 

é ‘ g Cut 
Glass Knobs, Door Knockers, and 
other Colonial fittings—also free on 
request. Write at once. 


SARGENT 2CO_, 156 Leonard St., New York. 


VIOLET BLUE ROSE a 
A Remarkable Novelty METALCOLUMNS 


The New Rambler (Violet Blue), hailed by FOR PORCHES AND PERGOLAS 
the German rose growers as the forerunner of Dignified classical designs. = 
a genuinely cornflower blue rose, is a seedling | Made entirely of metal in all sizes up to 40" in 
of Crimson Rambler, very vigorous and hardy. | Re atesich any wood perfectly. 

For descriptions of this great novelty, as well 
as many others, send for Booklet. Stronger and more durable than wood. 


Last longer—Cost ne more, 


E LLWA N G E R & BA R R Y Write now for Booklet “‘F-4’’ describing 


UNION METAL COLUMNS 
nion eta . 
Box TT, Rochester, N. Y.  —— 406 Clifton St., CANTON, O. 


i 


are the best made, best grade and easiest riding \ | 
buggies on earth for the money. < , 


FOR THIRTY-SIX YEARS 


we have been selling direct and are 
The Largest Manufacturers in the World 


selling to the consumer exclusively. y eS 
We ship for examination and approval, guar- —< eo \ 
| Leis 


anteeing safe delivery, and also to save you 
money. If you are not satisfied as to style, 
quality and price you are nothing out. 


May We Send You Our 
Large Catalogue? 


Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. 
Elkhart, - - - - Indiana 


(mgs 
S 


XXII 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


SHIPPED YOU 


For Inspection 


NLESS your car has perfect lubrication, 
your gasoline is used for friction instead 


of miles ofspeed. T. 


MOBILOIL saves the wear of your car, the 
waste of gasoline, and most of the money that 


goes for repairs, 


Vacuum MOBILOIL is made in six dif- 


ferent grades to suit the 1] 
automobile made. One 


FREE 


ITHACA 
HALL 
CLOCK 


All Charges 
Prepaid 


We ship this clock direct 
from our factory to you 
upon receipt of your re- 
quest. We prepay charges. 
if itis not what you ex- 
pected or as represented, 
ship it to us, charges col- 
lect. Use it ten days and 
if satisfactory remit us its 
price, $29.50. 
Partial Payment 
Plan. If you prefer to 
pay for this clock by install- 
ments, remit us $8, and $3 
per month for eight months. 
This beautiful Colonial 
time-piece, exactly like photo- 
graph, cannot be duplicated 
elsewhere for several times the 
price we ask. We eliminate 
the profits of salesmen, 
jobbers .and retailers, 
and give you the benefit of 
this saving. An appropriate 
bi:thday or wedding gift. 
A hall clock is a treasure 
for any home. It lends a 
dignity to the home. 


DESCRIPTION 
Constructed of polished 
cherry, mahoganized or pol- 
ished, selected oak. 
Size—Height 7% ft., 
19 in., depth 11 in. 
Ornaments— Top orna- 
ments, brass, polished and 
lacquered. 
Doors—French Crystal. 
Dial—12% in. square, black, 
Arabic figures. 
ovement — Our standard 
heavy brass eight day move- 
ment. Polished brass 
visible pendulum. Strikes 
hours and balf-hours on 
soft-toned gong. 
Each clock is guar- 
anteed for 10 years. 
State if oak or mahog- 
anized cherry is wanted. 
If you would consider 
the purchase of this clock, 
write immediately, re- 
questing us to forward it 
to you free of all charges, 
For inspection, according to 
above terms. 


The Ithaca Calendar 
Clock Company 

14 Adams St.,Ithaca,N.Y. 
Established 1865 


Makers of the world- 
renowned Ithaca Calendar 
Clocks. 


width 


he use of Vacuum 


ubrication of every 
of these grades is 


eC 


exactly adapted to the needs of your car. 
Its use is an investment that saves expense, 


It will end forever your | 


ubrication troubles, 


and add to your pleasure and the life of your 


car, 


Write for free booklet showing grade of MOBILOIL adapted 


to tho use of every car. 


Gives track records to 


date, and money-saving motor hints 


VACUUM 


MOBILOIL 


in barrels and in cans with 
sold by dealers everywhere, 


VACUUM OIL C0., 


patent pouring spout, is 
Manufactured by 


Rochester, N. Y. 


Ls 


always be covered with asbestos or air-cell 
board and asbestos cement coating in order 
that heat shall not be lost in the cellar. 

The average boiler—an “Ideal” is an excel- 
lent one—costs for a $10,000 house from 
$175 to $200. ‘To be both economical and 
satisfactory, it should be sufficiently large and 
of few and simple parts. It should offer the 
least possible resistance to free circulation. It 
should be stronger than any strain which 
might be placed upon it, and should have a 
spacious iron firebox with a water space around 
it and set deep below the fire door. The water 
line in the boiler should at least be set two 
feet below the main horizontal flow pipe. 
Having these qualifications, it should be as 
easy to run as a furnace. You can regulate 
the boiler so that it will run itself at least for 
eight hours. Its consumption of coal in the 
supposed $10,000 house is from one and one- 
half to two tons a week. Small or large egg 
coal is the best —the large furnace coal does 
not give as good results. “The best types of 
boilers are, further. those that can be cleaned 
regularly. The tubes through which the hot 
gases pass to warm the water in the boiler 
should be cleaned with the flue brush every 
week. It may be done in a few minutes, while 
fire is on. If they are not cleaned the tubes 
fill with soot, one of the best non-conductors, 
and the gases pass through to the chimney 
without heating the water. 

Every good boiler is provided with an au- 
tomatic device consisting of a rubber dia- 
phragm on which the steam acts and which 
controls the ashpit door and check draft in the 
smoke pipe. As the pressure rises during the 
night, the ashpit door closes, shutting down 
the draft, the check door opens, cold air 
rushes in, the pressure goes down and is held 
constant. ‘This continues regulating itself for 
about eight hours. If the automatic damper 
regulator device is not used or supplied on the 
boiler, what will happen is the following: 
‘The fire is banked high in the evening, slowly 
it becomes hotter and the pressure rises in the 
boiler to its limit; after about three hours fire 
and pressure go down, the coal is exhausted, 
and recoaling becomes necessary, or if omitted, 
the house is cold in the morning and the fire 
out. 

A two-pipe system is not necessary for an 
efficient steam plant. It certainly is better 
and also costs about one-eighth more, owing 
to the additional piping and labor. If, how- 
ever, a single pipe is used and the pipe is 
properly graded, I would, especially in houses 
where the substitution by steam of an old, 
inadequate furnace is contemplated, recom- 
mend a single pipe system. The cutting and 
fitting in walls and floors is much less serious. 

All supply pipes and returns should be 
covered with a protecting and non-conducting 
material. A cheap “paper wrapping” is often 
suggested by the contractor. This is practi- 
cally worthless. By proper covering, a sav- 
ing in fuel and addition of heat is very soon 
obtained. Good covering of air-cell, asbestos 
or mineral wool, sewed into a painted canvas 
jacket, very soon pays for itself. 

Insist upon every pipe, as well as every 
radiator, being separately controlled by a 
valve, and that dampers shall control all air 
connections. In a hot water plant it is espe- 
cially important that each line should, in the 
cellar, have its separate valves and “draw-off 
cock,” so that the special faulty line may be 
drained. A steam leak you hear hissing, but 
hot water you do not hear until the flood 
comes. 

A hot water plant differs from a steam 
plant in having somewhere in the top of the 
house, above the highest point supplying heat, 
an expansion tank. Every twenty gallons 
of water becomes twenty-one gallons in going 
from cold water to 212 degrees, or the boiling 


The most important 
thing in buying aham- 
mock or hammock- 
couch is to look for the 
name PATTERSON. 
For ‘‘Patterson,’’ ona 
hammock or couch, 
stands for gua/ity and 
value, and is a guar- 
anty of strength, 
safety, style and lasting 
satisfaction. “If it’s 


by Patterson—you take no chances.” 


|Piatterson 


The Patterson Hammock-Couch can be used 
with or without a mattress. Has pocket attached. 
Valance can be tied up to forma back rest or wind 
shield, making it the only complete couch. With 
both sides tied up you have a cosy nest for baby. 
There is safety in Patterson Hammocks. 

Ask the dealer for Patterson Guaranteed Ham- 
mocks and Couches. Don’t take a substitute. 

If he can’t show the PATTERSON, with the 
name on, + 

write us 

and we 

will see 

that you 

are sup- 

plied. 


Write for 
illustrated 
book “Hammock 
Comfort.” 


Indiana Avenue and A Street 


Patterson Mfg. Co. Dept H, Philadelobia 


Makers of guaranteed hammocks since 1887 


Send for 7 
THIS 

BOOK 
TO-DAY 

This book‘‘Modern 


Bathrooms’’ will show %& 

you how to make your * 

bathroom the mo:t modern 

and comfortable room in 

vour house. It explains how 

a modern bathroom adds an 

actual cash value to your home out 

of all proportion to the low cost cf installation. “ 


“Modern Bathrooms’ tells you how to plan, buy 
and arrange your bathroom and illustrates many 
beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms. 
It shows the cost of each fixture in detail together 
with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc., an 
gives expert information on kitchen, laundry, and 
toilet room equipment. _ If your home is a source of 
pride to you, you want this book. 


Write for a copy TO-DAY. Enclose six 
cents for postage, and give us name of 
your architect and plumber, if selected. 


Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. 
Dept. 23 Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A, 


For Five Dollars 


American Homes and Gardens 


and Scientific American 
SENT TO ONE ADDRESS 
FOR ONE YEAR 


Regularly Six Dollars 


By 
Stenches 
From 
Backyard 
Debris 


Are conditions at the 

back of your house as at- 

- tractive as inthis picture? 

Why not look up The Stephenson Method now, and if saris- 
fied protect the health of the family by installing The Stephenson 


UNDERGROUND GARBAGE RECEIVER 


which removes all objections of the old swill-tub nuisance. 
Sold direct Send for Circular 
Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mir. 


21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. 


April, 1909 ANTE RICAN HOMES “AND GARDENS XXili 


& 
e224 CRAFTSMAN HOUSE 
(sel) FROM CORNERSTONE 
Pee Un CURIOUSLY 
SUGGEST THE CHARACTER 
ewe eh TN TERIOR 


We have other attractive types in Colonial, Old English, Renaissance and Flemish, all of § 
them true to a combination of art, comfort and economy, including fireproof features and 
handicraft interiors; we build them anywhere, give bond of completion and lend from 60 { 
to. 70 per cent. if desired; we invite your inspection of many attractive houses built in last. | 
Tew years, also numerous sketches at this office. 


BUILDERS*CRAFTSMEN 
COMPANY 


S8WEST S2NP STREET NEW YORK 


INVESTIGATE OUR 
BUILDING METHOD 


Cottage Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and 
investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever 
brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within 
the reach or all who have an interest in the building of homes. 
‘| he designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades 

of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first 
series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 
more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given 
covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexpensive 
homes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been 
erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with the details of 
interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accom- 
panied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally 
costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and 
details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descrip- 
tions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of 
cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
details. 


No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in 
various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; em- 
bracing meh dela elevations and constructive details, showing interior 
and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the 
specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from 
photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, 
Tanging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, 
all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. 
Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of 
the completed structures, and 75 full page plates of plans, elevations 
and details. 


ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID 
(Sold Separately) 


MUNN & CO. Science “sizican 


Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York 


For every Garden and Lawn 


“AA Horticultural Gem of use and beauty,’’— 
for fruit and ornament, it should be the first tree planted 


in every garden. 

Perfectly hardy, of upright, vigorous growth, with the 
most brilliant reddish-purple foliage; a prolific bearer, fruit 
deep crimson about one inch in diameter, ripening before 
the earliest of ordinary plums. 

We offer this wonderful new Tree with its double use, 
to the public, this Spring of 1909 for the first time; 
Vaughan’s Seed Store owning and controlling the original 
Tree from Luther Burbank. 

Our new 160 page catalogue of Seeds and Plants, with 
beautiful color plate of Othello Plum, mailed free if you 
have a garden. 


Special Prepaid Prices Aughians) eed\{ore 


Each 3 for a 
SizeD 2 feet 125 3.00) 8486Randophst. CHICAGO 


or 14 Barclay Street, NEW YORK 


XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


April, 1909 


point. The tank receives the increase in the 
volume of water due to the expansion by heat 
and is connected with both flow and return 
pipes to enable proper circulation and hinder 
freezing, and has an overflow pipe. ‘This had 
better be carried inside the house to a sink 
than be merely allowed to drip out over one 
of the roofs. 

There are many different kinds and sizes 
of radiators made in sections and connected 
together. The standard and _ consequently 
least expensive height is thirty-eight inches. 
Each section is two and a half inches wide. 
You can procure flat ones to hang on the wall 
if your walls and bathrooms are narrow; you 
can procure corner and curved radiators. You 
can readily place one under the window sill or 
around a bay, forming your window seat, with 
a wooden front and top concealing the radi- 
ator, first lining the wood with sheets of 
asbestos and galvanized iron. ‘The registers 
should be placed at top and bottom for proper 
circulation of air. When you place the radi- 
ators by the outside walls or underneath the 
windows and bring in to them a supply of 
fresh air through openings in the wall (often 
introduced through a space under the lower 
sash of the window), you procure what is 
called ‘“‘direct-indirect heating.” It is very 
simple to introduce the fresh outside air 
through small galvanized iron ducts into a 
small box at the bottom of the radiator. The 
ducts, as well as the box, should have dampers 
so that the cold air may in the severest weather 
be shut off. An “indirect” system is simply 
one where the radiator, of special pattern, is 
placed in the cellar, instead of the room, fresh 
air is brought in and circulated around the 
radiator which is hung on the cellar ceiling in- 
side of a galvanized iron box, and then led 
through pipes to the registers of the various 
rooms. ‘This method has the advantage of 
removing the disfiguring radiators from the 
rooms, but costs also considerably more than 
a direct system. Where a direct steam plant 
for our $10,000 house will cost $1,000, and 
a hot water plant about $1,350, the “indirect”’ 
hot water will cost $1,900. Of course the 
“direct-indirect” system has the very great ad- 
vantage of providing an excellent means of 
ventilation at a very small cost. It introduces 
fresh air into the rooms and the same vitiated 
air is not heated over and over again. 

Shall one install steam or hot water in the 
proposed dwelling? If the systems are well 
laid out there is little difference in the com- 
fort procured. ‘The initial cost of hot water 
is about one-third more than steam. On the 
other hand, it is noiseless and seldom gives the 
snapping you hear in steam plants. Whatever 
coal you burn you obtain results from, owing 
to the fact that the hot water will commence 
circulating at 120 degrees, while in steam you 
get no heat until 212 degrees. With a hot 
water plant, however, it will take you eight 
hours to cool off your radiators, while in a 
steam plant only twenty minutes. You also 
need larger radiators with hot water and you 
have the danger from flooding by the bursting 
of a pipe as well as from freezing when you 
have forgotten to drain the system before the 
winter. 

The pros and cons seem to resolve them- 
selves into this: If the country house is to be 
lived in all the year around, put in hot water; 
it is easier to regulate, merely some of the 
radiators have to be used and a small amount 
of heat generated and employed in moderate 
spring and fall weather, and running expenses 
thus cut down. If the house, on the other 
hand, is meant principally for summer and for 
quixotic week-end parties during the winter, 
use steam; you can heat it quicker, it will 
cost you less, and you need have no worry as 
to accidents through your carelessness or 
neglect. 


A few years ago the long, tough 
grass grown upon our Western 
Prairies was pronounced utterly 
useless, but to-day through ag- 
gressive minds and modern 
ideas, this really wonderful gift 
of nature has been brought into 
almost every home in the form 
of an attractive, sanitary and 
lasting floor covering, called 


C-R-E-X 


Quality and economy have 
established the reputation of [i 
f Crex, while the beautifully % 
f blended colors and exclusive 
designs of both carpets and 
rugs meet every requirement 
§ of a richly appointed room. 


CARPETS.—Solid colors—plain 
and striped effects—in all widths. 


RUGS.— All sizes, in a large 
variety of exclusive designs and 
f beautiful colors. 


Sta PF 


Gina 


Migs sess 0c 


aT 


ha: 


Caution:—Avoid imitations. The 


22 genuine bears the GREX label. 


Sold by all Up-to-Date Carpet and 
Department Stores. 


Send for Free Booklet H. Beau- 
tifully illustrated. 


CREX CARPET COMPANY 


377 Broadway, New York RS 


ayo ae ea 
Lg Mi Ml iy a i ers AUN 
igo Ane ea lngtg 
Wo Sg May bliy Liiddy td yy Millay Nig WQS 
Y Hf Wa) aN ATTA \\ 


NON 


l 


Urns 


Will last for cen- 
turies without any 
care. Do not 
have to be taken 

; in and stored dur- 
ing winter months. Will stand all freezing and 
frost. Do not have to be repainted in the 
spring, and plants thrive in them because the 
roots keep cool and damp. Don’t fail to write 
for photographs with description and prices. 


SIDNEY CEMENT STONE CO. 
SIDNEY, OHIO 


Stone 


PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING 
(Continued from page x) 


ever I go I am distracted ‘or rested by wall 
papers. How can we avoid the glaring mis- 
takes that one so often sees in wall decoration? 
In seeking simplicity I do not want uninter- 
esting interiors, you understand ?” 

The demand for a quiet, restful treatment 
for the home walls seems to be on the increase, 
as there is a greater provision this year than 
ever before to meet this need. ‘This is ap- 
parent in the many shades of gray and brown 
papers that are now on the market. Also, in 
the variety of semi-plain papers that are being 
shown. Some of the latter are in texture 
effect, which look on the wall like a piece of 
cloth—cheviot, chambray, linen, jaspe. Others 
are in unusual striped effects that, at a little 
distance, hardly show the stripe. 

Still other noteworthy contributions to sim- 
ple wall decoration are some plain papers to 
take the place of the ingrain, and new fabric 
effects instead of the older-fashioned burlap. 

With so much to draw on this correspond- 
ent can be assured of succeeding in her 
effort to make her walls restful, and a good 
plan would be to select a warm gray for the 
sunny rooms and a deep tan for the north or 
west exposures. ‘To give interest to the rooms 
some contrasting colors may be adopted in 
overcurtains, and pictures showing a good 
deal of color may be hung on the walls. The 
coverings for the furniture, door curtains and 
rugs will also contribute to the color effect. In 
the bedrooms the plain wallpapers may be 
brightened up by the cut-out borders as de- 
scribed in the answer to J. G. H. 


A CORRECTION 


Messrs. Bailey and Bassett have informed 
us that they were not the architects of Mr. 
L. W. Reid’s house at Merion, Pa., which ap- 
peared in the March issue of AMERICAN 
HomMEs AND GARDENS, but that the plans 
were drawn by Messrs. Morris and Vaux, of 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


WHICH GIVES THAT 
“Rustic Work’ ARTISTIC FINISH TO 
COUNTRY ESTATES 

This beautiful Rustic Settee, delivered to 
your station $10, will last a lifetime. 


Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, 
Pergolas, Back Stopsfor Tennis Courts, Rustic Bridges 
for Ravines, Entrance Gates, in fact Rustic Work of 


every description. 
Give the Birds 
A Home 


Rustic Bird Houses 


One Room, $2.00 
Two Rooms, $3.00 


Send for catalogue and 
sketches or have our repre- 
sentative call upon you. 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCT ION WORKS, 33 Fulton St., New York 


The Scientific American Boy 


By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid 
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 
q Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- 


fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. 
Complete practical instructions are given for building the var1- 
ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


= Rm ec ies Ce al Ma ie ee ee 


- ee 


—_— =} 


The Itttle 
Blue “lag 
ts your — 
Protection. 


Mixing paint by hand is expensive—for 
you. 
Results are never twice alike and 
| painter’s time at 25 to 60 cents an hour 
} soon mounts up. 


Besides, such paint is not dependable— 
the ingredients may be ‘‘strictly pure,’’ 
but you can’t becertain and if the paint is 

| not good afer you’ve appliedit, howcan 
you then get satisfaction ? 

Don’t take these needless chances with 
mixed-by-guess paints. Use 


—made with unerring machinery and 
backed up by a reputation of 35 years 
standing. 

The ‘‘Little Blue Flag’’ on a paint 
can has come to stand for assured 
Quality, Uniformity, Economy. a 

Aline of paints, enamels, and var- | 
nishes for every purpose—the varnishes ff 
as good as the paints. i 

Vernicol—a beautiful finish for beau 
tifyin;z furniture, old woodwork, floors, 
etc.—all in one coat. 

Write tor Booklet, 
“The Owner’s Raesponsibility.”’ 
THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY 
450-456 E, Third St., Dayton, Ohio. 
Boston NewYork Chicago Kansas City 


s 
The Very Design 

You may choose from the hundreds of designs we have. 
Many of small cost, and elaborate ones, too. Stewart's 
iron fence and entrance gates are artistic and permanent— 
mechanically right. 

State work desired, how much fence you want, number 
of gates, style of building, etc. We will submit designs or 
photographs and estimates, take measurements and erect if 
necessary. Satisfaction guaranteed. Also fountains, 
vases, settees, stable fittings, tree boxes, lanterns and orna- 
mental iron. Write for booklee Agents wanted. 


7 weg THE STEWART IRON 
GEAWLS 4 
Se N FENCE] ¢ Works Co. 


= 1726 Covington St.,Cincinnati,0. 
The LARGEST MAKERS of IRON FENCE in the WORLD 


FLOORS | 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 
Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


A NEW YORK 
WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 
CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 335 Monadnock Bldg. 
BUFFALO, N. Y.; Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 
CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building 


KOLL’S PATENT 
LOCK-JOINT COLUMNS 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by 


KOLLS 
PATENT 


Elston and Webster Avenues 
CHICAGO, ILL. 


| r > 23 Broadway 
stern 1c 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also " Sweet's Index.") 


as" 


Pierce Arrow — 


R { 
& 


THE PIERCE-ARROW MOTOR CAR CO. (Ci 2iisucsieiiseccerss") Buffalo, N. Y. 


Owners of THE GEORGE N. PIERCE COMPANY 


PRICE, 95 CENTS 


MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 


W hat 
Collier’s 
Controls 
and What 
Collier’s 
Offers 


Advertisers 


Our line comprises the 
finest and most complete 
designs of high-class clocks 
on the market. Our move- 
ments are superior in 
nearly every detail and 
the purchaser is assured 
that he can buy the best 
by ordering a “Waltham.” 


We will soon have 
ready for delivery, our new 
Chiming Movement which 
chimes either Westmin- 
ster, Whittington or St. 
Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
Clock is a model of perfec- 
tion and appeals to those 
who desire a first-class 
article in every respect. 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for illustrated catalogue. 


Waltham Clock Company 


Waltham, Mass. 


N_ x0 other magazine during 

1909 will be found the Draw- 
ings of Charles Dana Gibson, 
Maxfield Parrish, and Frederic 
Remington, the Sherlock 
Holmes Stories of Conan 
Doyle, the Poems of Rudyard 
Kipling, the Commentary on 
Outdoor Life of Caspar Whit- 
ney. The work of these 
masters in widely separated 
fields will be read and enjoyed 
exclusively in the half-million 
families to which Collier’s goes 
every week. 


The story told in your 
advertisement goes to this 
same half-million families 
—families where good 
dimaes ain Ibnveicaethee, air, 


and MERCHANDISE are 
appreciated to the point of 


possessing. 


E. C. PATTERSON 


Manager Advertising Department 


NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON TORONTO 


Preserve Your Old Trees 


They can never be replaced 


Fertilization 


Trimming Chaining Spraying 


: This examination ts an assurance and 
Let Me Examine #s free for local territory. Our work is 
done by skilled workmen under the supervision 
of expert foremen. Our booklet is intended 
to show our methods—the pictures what we do, the references ow we 
do it. Let our patrons speak as to the merit of our work. 


Your Trees 


A. A. Low, 31 BURLING Sip, New York, February 10, 1909. 


To whom tt may Concern:—I have employed Mr. Clifford H. Easton, of 120 Broadway, New York, 
to care for my trees in the Adirondacks around my camp. I have always been satisfied with the work 
which he did, and with his intelligent treatment in handling difficult problems, which frequently 
develop. I very gladly recommend him tothose looking for the services of atree surgeon.-—A. A. LOW. 


C. H. EASTON, 120 Broadway, NEW YORK 


Send for our Booklet, ‘‘The Preservation of Trees”’ 


Cottage Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and 
investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever 
brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within 
the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. 
‘] he designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades 

of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first 

series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 

more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given 

covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexpensive 
omes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been 
erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with the details of 
interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accom- 
panied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally 

costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and 

details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descrip- 

tions and, in many instances, fullspecifications and detailed estimates of 

cost Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
etails. 


No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in 
various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; em- 
bracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior 
and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the 
specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from 
photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, 
ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, 
all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. 
Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of 
the completed structures, and 75 full page plates of plans, elevations 


and details. 
ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID 
(Sold Separately) 


M U N N & C O e A CIENTIEIC) ManeTened 


Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York 


May, 1909 


To own an Everett is accepted among the World’s 


greatest Artists as proof of best tone judgment. 


The Tonal Grandeur of 
Beethoven gains new 
immensity and richer 
sonority when voiced by , 
date ee tone of 


a 


The name “ Everett” is synonym for ‘ Best.’ 
Cienghts $500 to $675. ‘Gratis $725 to $1500. Special Art Cases to Order. ‘Catalog Free 


If your dealer does not sell the Evereft, write us. We can make it easy Age, you. to Aspect. the Pian 
“before. purchase. We can also arrange purchase on convenient terms. i i j 
THE JOHN CHURCH COMPANY 


Cincinnati Chicago 5; New. York | 
ES a The- Everett Piano oe, és Bosteo > Mass, es 


A House Lined with 


Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 
The lining is yermin-proof; neither ratz, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 
out dampness. 


Sample and 
Circular 


Correspondence Solicited. 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS o i 


similar to the one shown in the above illustra- 
tion, the soft mellow light of which harmonizes 
readily with the decoration of any interior. 


The ENOS COMPANY ,,,.42«°5 21. 


Office and Factory: Salesrooms: 
7th Av. and 16th St. NEW YORK 5 West 39th St 


Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, Chicago: W. K. Cowar 


N some old cloister, in ages gone, may have 
been seen a simple lantern, in line and form 


Inc., 9 Park. Street & Co., 203 Michigan Blvd 
Baltimore: 519 North San Francisco: 1748 


Charles St. race /\\ sen. 
Pittsburg: G. P. Norton 
Century Building 
St. Louis: N. O. Nelson 
Mfg. Co. 
Portland, Ore.: J. C. 
English Co., 128 Park St. 


California St. 
Toronto: 94 King St 
West 
Spokane: Cutter & 
Plummer, Inc. 
Seattle: Cox & Gleason 
1914 Second Ave. 


W. G. ROBINSON, Architect, Grand Rapids 


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is the keynote of success. Pure colors, ground 
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with preserving oils, have made 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
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SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS. 
Send for samples. 


DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
209 Broad Street, 3OSTON 
AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
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NUS PAU Bel, 1S Hoe D 


THIRD EDITION OF 


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Churches » Chapels 


By F. E. KIDDER, Architect 


This edition has been thoroughly revised by 
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details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, 
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The Best American Book on 
Church Design and Construction 


One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 


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ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


BURLINGTON "sss" BLINDS 


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200,000 Persons were killed by the recent 


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Read in the 
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Design No. 2, Built in California and lowa—Cost $2,200 

Our handsome 100 page, 8x11 book of Bungalows, Mission, Colo- 

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express order, prepaid. Sample folder free. 


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Orris Root collection. @As 


delicate and beautiful as an orchid, hardy as an oak. 
@ The cut flowers are very lasting, the roots dried have 
a delicate perfume. Plants, 50c. each; $5.00 per doz. 


C. B. DeWEESE, Sidney, O. 


BUYING FINE 
ORIENTAL RUGS 


right is a solved problem; proof—In March 
I sold an antique ‘‘Veritable Tekke’’ for $35; 
antique Bergama, $200; extremely rare undoctored 
Kerman, $155; antique glossy and thick Kazaks 
as low as $60; antique Belooch, $25; antique Sara- 
band, $60; fine Tabriz, $85; antique Hamadan, 
$40; and rare antique carpets also at sane prices. 

I could sell ordinary Bokharas, Kazaks, Shir- 
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carry doctored, nor shoddy stuff, nor other trash 
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MAJOR L. B. LAWTON, U. S. Army, Retired 
135 Cayuga Street SENECA FALLS, N. Y. 


Van Dorn 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE @ 
STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


WAscorne Mae 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


GASOLINE ENGINE 
and PUMPING JACK 


GILSO 


JACKS TO FIT ANY STYLE PUMP 


$70 oOo COMPLETE. COUNTRY HOMES 
e supplied with our system always 
have water. Will run ice cream freezer, churn, wash- 5 
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BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES 


IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- 


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| To introduce this article, Four 


| Ventilating Locks in Genuine | ol | 
il 


Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- if 
per Finish will be mailed to 
any address prepaid for One 
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=; page Hardware Catalogue and 
# Working Model to carpenters} 
. who wish the agency to can-} 
vass for its sale. Address it 


The H. B, Ives Co, SEW "AvEN: 


PATENTED 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii 


j PSs 2 CSR 
t if 4 2 ” TSE 
ty a | 


~ a 


| 
| ae) 
we 

| 


three generations. Every 


STEINWAY 


ART PIANO 


is atrue representation of its respective period— | 
a veritable gem of beauty and perfection. A 
visit to the Steinway Studios will reveal that, in 
these masterpieces of pianocraft, music and 
decorative art are so deftly blended that they 
at once command the admiration and praise of 
architect, artist and connoisseur. 


| 
} 


ey 


" 
2 


STEINWAY & SONS, 


Steinway Hall, 107-109 East 14th Street, New York 
(Subwav Express Station at the Door) 


N the designing and manufacture 
of Period and Art cases to: 
harmonize with any plan of 
ES architecture or decoration, 
Steinway and Sons are the 
recognized leaders, as in all other 
departments of piano making—a 
distinction they have enjoyed for 


= 
St 

Cs 

at 


Um 
R59 OS 
& Y6 


x 


See 
Ee +> 
DS Oye 


Louis X\, 
mahogany 
with 


\ \ ormolu 
x 
oe mounts 


I. There is a large element of risk in 

‘the purchase of some articles; this 
applies to new inventions as well 
as to imitations of many which are 
well-known. The risk, of course, 
increases with the price, and too much care can- 
not be given to the selection of such articles as 
are intended for permanent use. This risk is 
eliminated when it is possible to purchase of firms 
whose reputation and goods have stood the test 
of time; for then the buyer merely looks for the 
firm name or trade-mark which protects him. It 
so happens that he is thus protected in the pur- 


Hot-Air 
Pump 


THE ‘‘ERICSSON”’ 


The cuts upon this page show two different styles 
of the Hot-Air Pump; the upper is called the 
“Ericsson,’ and the lower the ‘Rider.’ The 
motive power in each is identical; the “Rider” 
merely being of larger capacity. The world-wide 
popularity of these pumps and their adoption into 
every clime have naturally resulted in the appear- 


Tested by Time 


ance on the market of imitation pumps, not only 
inferior in construction and lacking in durability, 
but so named as to deceive the innocent purchaser. 
Complaints received from many, who have been 
thus imposed upon impel us to advise intending 
buyers to look carefully at the two cuts here shown. 

They are facsimiles of the genuine. Be sure, 


‘ame plate ME°RIDER ~ BEERICSSON 


appears upon the pump you purchase. When so 
situated that you cannot personally inspect the 
pump before ordering, write to our nearest office 
(see list below) for the name of a reputable 
dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the 
genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use through- 
out the world to-day. 


Write for Catalogue E, and 


ask for reduced price-list. 


Ripger-Ericsson ENGINE Co. 


(Also makers of the new 
“‘Reeco’’=Electric Pum/) 


35 Warren Street, - co - - New York 

239 Franklin Street, = = = - Boston 

<4 40 Dearborn Street, - = = = Chicago 
$< 40 North 7th Street, - - - Philadelphia 


’ = ; 234 Craig Street West, = 
THE “RIDER” 22 Pitt Street, 2 


=, 


Montreal, P. Q. 
Sydney, N. S. W- 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood-Work 


Invented @ Built by 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


24-Inch Single Surface Planer 


Garden Terra Cotta 


Italian Flower Pots 


HE GALLOWAY POTS have met the 
popular demand for an ornamental pot, 
having strength, durability and artistic design 
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and all sizes. 

Our Booklet, “Terra Cotta and Pottery for 
Garden and Home,” filled with beautiful designs 
of Pots, Vases, Sun Dials, Benches and 
other pieces of garden furniture, will be sent 
upon request. 


William Galloway 
3222 Walnut Street PHILADELPHIA 


HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 
Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
Ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 


manner — also’ makes brilliant illumination. IF 
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR BXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 
Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


Better than City Gas or Eleo- 
tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


WANE 


SYSTEM‘ OF 


TER SUPPIY 


yan nts haere ems ve 


Keep The Tank 


‘Throw Away the Tower 


ie what you do when you install a Kewanee 
System of Water Supply ! 


The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the 
ground or located in the cellar--there is no elevated 
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Every country or suburban home can be 
provided with all the sanitary conveniences 
and comforts of the best city water system with 


The Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 


which ten years of practical experience and technical 
knowledge of trained experts has made the most perfect, 
the most practical of all water supply systems. 


Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful 
operation supplying water for country and suburban 
residences, clubs, farms, schools, public and private 
institutions, villages, etc. The Kewanee System is 
a not an imitation—is not a substitute. It is the 
original water supply system involving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. 
Avoid cheap imitations. Look for our trade mark and name plates on tanks and pumping 
machinery. Get the genuine and you will take no chances— we guarantee that. 


Kewanee Pumping Outfits ae 


Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished aes 
for any special pumping requirements. The 
same technical skill and practical knowledge 
required to develop and perfect complete 
Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution 
of individual pumping problems. 

No charge for expert engineering service. Let us 


help you solve your water problem. Write for our 
64-page illustrated catalogue No. 36, It is free. 


Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 


1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Iii. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, 
New York City. 


H 305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 


ANY BE A ABUTTING ITS SUPPORT IS 
BEST HELD ON OUR 


JOST 
HANGERS 


¢/Made in over 100 listed 
sizes and any modification 
to order. 


LANE. BROS). CO. (ies) 2 ee 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 
By E. P. Powell 


Ill. FRUITS FOR THE SMALL 
HOME ORCHARD 


PROMISED you an article on fruits for 
a small country home—such as any one 
going out from the city needs to create. 
I propose to suggest only those fruits that are 
most important in making a simple home 
delightful and healthful. I shall make my 
list to include varieties that I have myself 
tested for the most part, and to include very 
little that will require unusual knowledge 
or care. It is very desirable in these days to 
get lists of fruits that are not peculiarly sub- 
ject to fungus diseases and to insect attacks. 
It is possible to plant a country home with 
sorts that will not survive under ordinary 
care, or give satisfactory results. I have seen 
one or two homesteads undertaken where the 
pears were those specially subject to blight, 
the apples those most surely assailed by in- 
sects, and so through the whole list. I will 
try to make my advice to plant cover only 
those things which my experience has taught 
me will be the least subject to our enemies. 
The most popular fruit just now, and the 
one undergoing most evolution, is the plum; 
and I shall find it quite difficult to confine 
myself to a list of half a dozen. I think my 
best plan will be to give you six of the 
old European sorts, and then six of the 
products of Mr. Burbank’s enterprise and 
skill. (1) At the head of the list should 
stand the old Green Gage, even yet the high- 
est flavored of all plums. ‘The tree is long 
lived, and bears immense crops, but it should 
stand out open to the sun in order to get per- 
fect flavor. (2) For huge crops of really 
good cooking plums, also fairly good for 
dessert, the Lombard, or Bleecker, should 
stand second. ‘The tree, however, is an irreg- 
ular grower, subject to the black knot and 
suckers badly. I would not give it this rank 
only that it will grow anywhere and every- 
where, and do its best in city back yards 
where it is pinched for room. (3) For superb 
growth and superb looking fruit the Pond 
might fairly take third rank. ‘The tree is 
very healthy and stout and might be grown 
for its own sake. (4) Coes Goldendrop, for 
everybody’s growing, can fairly take this place; 
only here we have once more a tree that 
suckers badly and is short lived. In all such 
cases you must keep on planting the suckers 
to make new trees—provided you have them 
cn their own roots. (5) Reine Claude is 
a plum somewhat resembling Green Gage, | 
but very much later and one of the most pro- 
ductive of all plums. ‘The tree overbears, and 
it can not be said to be long lived. (6) Grand 
Duke must be the last in this list, and ripens 
late in September. I have left out Monarch, 
Archduke and Peter’s Yellow Gage, which I 
wish very much you may find room for. 
Now for these new Japanese plums, take 
(1) Shiro, a strong, early ripening ‘variety 
giving you a load of light yellow plums, al- 
most transparent and very good. (2) Bur- 
bank, one of the most astonishing affairs in 
the fruit world for the quantity it can bear. 
The tree is hardy and sprawls badly. I am 
not sure but that you had better take America 
or Abundance instead of Burbank. If not, 
take as (3) and (4) these two plums. Re- 
member, however, that both of them must be 
picked as soon as they begin to color. Ripened 
on the tree they are nearly worthless. If 
ripened in a dark cool room the flavor be- 
comes delicious and the fruit is not quick to 
decay. For (5) I should take Sultan. For 
eating, this plum, in my judgment, is the 
best of all that Mr. Burbank has produced. 
The flesh is dark red in color, and sufficiently 


May, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v 


Every Homebuilder should have a copy of 
THIS BOOK 


solid to endure carrying. I should like to 
add for (6) October Purple or Climax, both 
fine—but not Wickson and not Hale and not 
Satsuma, all of which have done very poorly 
with me. 

For half a dozen pears, being a grower of 
fifty sorts, I am still a little undecided which 
to select. But it is plain that Bartlett must 
be (1). This pear has stood the test for two 
generations, and nothing has been able to el- 
bow it from the farm. It is grand for canning 
and for every other purpose conceivable. 
Remember, however, that it must be picked 
before it is colored, and must be stored in a 
cool dark room to ripen. (2) Clapp’s Favor- 
ite. [his pear averages a little larger than 
Bartlett and is a delicious fruit, provided you 
pick it at least ten days before it is ripe— 
otherwise it is sure to rot at the core before 
it is usable. For (3) you can not do better 
than take Flemish Beauty, provided you can 
protect it from scab, by spraying. I promised, 
however, that my list should exclude very 
troublesome fruit, and this grand old pear is 
one of the worst. In its place take Sheldon, 
one of the plainest looking, but large and de- 
licious pears, ever produced. The tree is not 
as long lived as some, but ranks well with the 
Bartlett. For (4) select Vermont Beauty, 
or you may take Bartlett Seckel. Both of 
these are crossbred pears of exceedingly high 
rank. ‘The latter has a very strong tree, and 
the fruit is about half way between Bartlett 
and Seckel. For a quiet home a little round- 
headed Seckel should come as (5). It will 
stand most anywhere, and looks as well on the 
lawn as in the orchard. Pick them as soon as 
they begin to drop and store in a cool room. 
For (6) we shall have to take Anjou; all in 
all the grandest pear in existence, counting 
in the perfect growth of the tree, the huge 
crops, the melting and rich nature of the 
fruit, and the fact that it will keep until Janu- 
ary in an ordinary cellar. Pick in October 
and store in shallow bins. Now I have left 
out Lawrence, because the tree is not long 
lived; Bosc because the tree is a wretched 
grower; and I have left out some other fine 
ones because you will not have room for them; 
but with those named you will have pears 
from early August until midwinter. 

I confess that one of the hardest problems 
to solve is that of selecting half a dozen apples 
best suited for a quiet country home. There 
are some two thousand listed apples at present, 
and of these there are at least a good hundred 
that are strong applicants for favor. How- 
ever, let us see what we can do with Yellow 
Transparent as (1), a most delightful apple, 
ripening about July 2oth. It has but 
one rival that is worth mentioning, and I 
am afraid that Lieveland Raspberry will not 
be a universal success. For (2) we will have 
Red Astrachan, a good sized apple of extraor- 
dinary beauty, and the finest flavor for 
cooking and making jelly. The tree is hardy, 
bears only every other year, and the fruit is 
rather tart for dessert. About the last of 
August we shall find our (3) in the Chenango 
Strawberry or Sherwood’s Favorite. This 
is the real summer Strawberry, although 
another apple of inferior quality bears that 
name. It is one of the most delicious that 
grows or ripens at any season. The tree is 
rather small and compact, and needs to be 
well trimmed to keep it from loading with 
insignificant fruit. It can be grown where 
you have only a small garden corner or lawn. 
I leave out Sweet Bough, that dear old apple 
of our boyhood, because it is so subject to all 
sorts of insects, and I make (4) Gravenstein, 
a large noble fruit; while for early winter 
I name as (5) McIntosh, and designate it as 
one of the finest apples in existence. It is a 
seedling of Fameuse, and utterly displaces that 
fine old apple. It is the equal in quality, but 


i mae . : | : ! o 
tandard 
Modern Bathrooms 


I you are building a new home, or installing a new sanitary 

equipment in the old, you should have this book before 
you decide on the fixtures. You, as a layman, know little 
about the sanitary question. Yet home-sanitation and home- 
health are matters too vital to leave in any other hands than 
your own. This book contains to a detail just the kind of 
information every buyer of bathroom fixtures needs. No 
matter how much or how little your bathroom investment is 
to be, $50 or $500, this book shows you exactly how to get the 
best and most practical equipment at the price you want to 
pay. “MODERN BATHROOMS?” is the most elabor- 
ate and most instructive book ever issued on the sanitary 
question. Send for it now and read it. 


Please enclose 6c. postage and give us the name of your architect and plumber, if selected, 


Standard Sanitary T)\f9.Co. dept. 23, Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A. 


Offices and Showrooms, New York: 35-37 West 31st Street. Pittsburgh: 949 Pennsylvania Avenue. St. Louis: 
100-102 North Fourth Street. Louisville: 325-329 West Main Street. Philadelphia: 1128 Walnut Street. New Orleans: Corner 
Baronne and St. Joseph Streets. Cleveland: 648-652 Huron Road, S. E. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. 


Uy 
LD 


Beauty and Quality 
in Hardware Trimmings 


Select the hardware that goes into your new home 
for its beauty, but also bear in mind that gwa/ity should 
be of equal importance in determining the choice. ! 
Combine beauty and quality — artistic designs that |g 
tastefully harmonize with the architecture and of known \W 
durability — in one of the seventy styles of 


SARGENT'S 


Artistic Hardware 


Each design, whether plain or elaborate, is distinctive 
and of real decorative value. All are illustrated in 


Sargent’s Book of Designs — FREE 


Shows over seventy beautiful designs and is a guide to the 
selection of hardware. Free on request, also our Colonial Book, 
in which we illustrate Cut Glass Knobs, Front Door Handles, 
Door Knockers, and other fittings particularly appropriate for 


Colonial houses. alee 
SARGENT & CO., . 
©) 156 Leonard St., New York gE 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


F. E. CARPENTER COMPANY | 
253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


Manufacturers and erectors of 


High-Grade Iron Railings and Wire 


F ENCES 


of all kinds and for all purposes, solicit your corre- 
spondence. Catalogues furnished. Special 
designs at short notice. 


Best Materials Best Workmanship 
Low Prices 


$4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. 
° Delivered to your Freight Station, 


Apply now. 
The Pulverlzed Manure Co., 21 Inton Stock Yards, Chicago, 


CHINESE WICKER BASKET CHAIRS 
Imported direct from Hong Kong China. 
Weather finished, Strongly made, very 
artistic, just the chair for Porch or den. 
What you have always wanted but never 
Anew where to obtain. Sent direct upon 
receipt of price. Satisfaction guaranteed 
money pala Reference German- 

merican Savings Bank, Los Angeles, 

H ER G. HOWRY : 
Importer of Chinese Wicker Furniture 

Broadway Central Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal, 


$8.00 


PRICE, $8.00 


\S = : SSS : SS = 4 ) St. ve “Ww Baltimore, Md. 
: | | . F. Weber & Co. 
( The Colonial Entrance | 1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa, 
The correct design, beautiful finish, and durable construction of the Morgan Colonial || 


Door makes the Colonial entrance an artistic and practical success. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


i SSS | Oo 
(eT = = y/ =. 


| =o 
i Y ee 
| Cross section The name Sao 
showing con- _ ‘Morgan oe ——__ > 
struction of is branded on ak 
1 each door. wrens 


1% inch door. 


j “FABRIANO"’ Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
' . : . : : : 4 i Superior to any other hand-made paper 

are perfect doors, built of several layers with the grain running crosswise, making shrink- F. Weber & Co.’s Mlustration Boards, Air Brushes 

i an aterials f 


ing, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hard-wood—birch, plain 
or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 


SS 


Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 
Each Morgan Door is stamped “‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. 


I In our new book—“ The Door Beautiful’—Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and 
in all styles of architecture for interior or exterior use, and it is explained why theyare the best 


and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. A copy will be sent on request. i 
Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. 
Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. N 
Distributed by ih 

Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland. Z i) 

Y 


Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. ! i" } ei 
Siar = —= == ia tee ae oe Se CLINCH right through the 


standing seam of metal 
FLOORENE navcors 


roofs. No raila are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 
Send for Circular 
Berger Bros. Co. 
Soap, Scrubbing Brushes, Cleaning Compounds and 
Scrubbing may be entirely dispensed with, if you use 
FLOORENE on your floors. Send for our book 
“Beautiful Floors Simplified,” free for the asking, explains 
conclusively and successfully The Floor Finish Problem. 


DURENE 


FOR WOODWORK 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
pheric temperatures, and are designed 
for both indoor and outdoor tempera- 
tures. Send for new catalogues. 


THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEW YORK Branches CHICAGO. 


lasting, washable and brilliant wood finish on the 
market. Quality uppermost, excellent flowing prop- 
erties, full body and wear-proof, can be rubbed and 


polished. 


AMERICAN VARNISH CO. 
VARNISH SPECIALISTS CHICAGO, 


q DURENE, as its name implies, is the most durable, 


For Five Dollars 


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May, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Vii 


larger and cleaner and keeps much longer. 
With Northern Spy as (6) we have our list 
completed, and the real king among apples 
named. I am sorry that we have to leave out 
Hubbardston Nonsuch, Rhode Island Green- 
ing and Spitzenburg. You can, however, 
graft these and two or three more into the 
limbs of those which you plant. One tree 
may easily bear two or three varieties to 
accommodate a small country home. Our list 
still leaves out a good half dozen that ought 
te find a place. Among these are Stayman’s 
Winesap, the best of all the Winesaps; King 
David, which Stark Bros. pronounce the best 
of all apples; Delicious, another superb fruit 
from the same quarter; Winterstein, created 
by Burbank, and much like Gravenstein, only 
keeping all winter. For filling in between 
rows and for lawn growing, Wealthy is a 
compact little tree, and the fruit is about the 
cleanest and safest from worms of all fall vari- 
aties. I leave out Jonathan and Grimes Golden 
simply because they are not adapted to all 
sections, but do their best in sandy soil. For 
sweet apple take the old Pound Sweet, pro- 
vided you can grow it in abundant sunshine. 
Two new sorts of splendid quality are Danchy 
and Sconondoah; while for Crab select Ex- 
celsior. 

Cherries are not planted by any means as 
freely as they ought to be. “They constitute 
a splendid home fruit, both for dessert and 
cooking. ‘The trees are small and will grow 
well around the borders of the plantation. 
Nothing is more beautiful than a cherry tree, 
either in bloom or in fruit. Curculios do a 
little damage, but the birds are the chief 
hindrance. To cover a cherry tree with mos- 
quito netting costs from one dollar to three 
dollars. ‘The netting will last from three to 
four years, if carefully removed and stored 
after the cherries are picked. This cover- 
ing will keep the birds off, and at the same 
time the fruit can hang on the trees until dead 
ripe. A dead-ripe cherry is seldom seen in 
market. You can divide the sorts into two 
classes, the sour cherries and the sweet cher- 
ries. Of the sour varieties there are twenty 
or more sorts, and every one of them fairly 
good. ‘The earliest is Early Richmond, and 
this is a clean growing, productive sort, but 
the fruit is rather small and sour. I should 
select Olivet, Montmorency, May Duke, 
Baldwin and Wragg, with perhaps the old 
English sort Morello. Suda Hardy is another 
splendid variety. Of the sweet sorts Gov. 
Wood is about the best in quality, most pro- 
ductive and vigorous in growth. Black Tar- 
tarian is another vigorous grower and bears 
immensely a black cherry. Napoleon and 
Rockport are both superb varieties. Allen 
is a new sort, with meaty and rich fruit, and 
ripens late. After this comes Dikeman, 
another new sort of splendid quality and very 
hardy. I am growing a few of the Russian 
sorts, and find them all good, but not superior 
to those named. I have not tried Mercer, but 
this new kind is very surely a splendid addi- 
tien to our list. 

Another fruit that every garden should 
hold more freely is the quince. The tree is 
generally hardy, and the fruit buds endure 
zero weather. Plant the quince behind 
hedges and out of reach of the winter sun. 
The old orange quince is the one most gener- 
ally seen, but I am planting both here and in 
Florida Meech’s Prolific, an early quince; 
and for late keeping the Champion. Then I 
would add Bourgeat, a new quince of the 
best quality; very large and said to be entirely 
free from blight. It bears as high as two or 
three bushels to a tree. The quince goes so 
far in matters of housekeeping that I would 
have a few bushels anyhow. I have seen 
them planted in the shrubbery as ornamentals, 


SSSSsiy /” 


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vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


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Are known and used the world over. Hundreds of thousands of 
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and I have seen them thrive admirably in a 
house corner, close to the wall. 

I have long made it a practise to grow 
peach trees, although I get fruit about one 
year out of five. In Florida, of course, it is 
our hobby, and stands beside the orange as 
the best of our market fruits. Here in the 
North it has its sections, but in Central New 
York and the New England States we can not 
make sure of it, not even in Connecticut. As 
far north as I am living it pays to grow a tew 
trees, provided we can keep the winter sun 
from them, so as not to soften the buds. “The 
tree is generally hardy, and we lose only the 
fruit buds. I should plant first of all, for 
hardiness, the Crosby. The fruit is fairly 
good, and I get more or less of it nearly 
every year. Rankine close after this I should 
place Champion, a large white peach with a 
red cheek, and I think the best peach I have 
ever sampled. Triumph is a very early peach, 
quite hardy, yellow fleshed and of superb 
flavor. Then I would rank close after this 
Belle of Georgia, a sugary peach and most 
delicious. It is a hardy tree and very pro- 
ductive. Niagara deserves the next place for 
hardiness, vigor and productiveness. Stevens’ 
Rareripe might fairly make the sixth, being 
a very fine, free stone, white peach, and ripen- 
ing as late,as October. This leaves out two 
new peaches that I should like to name, the 
Matthews Beauty ard Lamont, both mag- 
nificent fruits and very hardy. I believe, 
however, that Stark Bros., of Missouri, have 
in their long list of new sorts something that 
is going to prove even more hardy for our 
Northern States. I am testing from them, 
Wright, and several more. 

Apricots and nectarines are out of the 
question for the present, yet you can grow 
the apricots, and it will be good fruit for you 
to experiment with after your place has be- 
come well established. 

We will consider grapes in another article 
with the berries. For the present you are well 
equipped for a snug home orchard and fruit 
garden. You will get fruit from your cher- 
ries and plums in two years, from your apples 
and pears in about four years—provided you 
head your trees low. This is a prime re- 
quisite in planting all fruits, in order to get 
early bearing. Head an apple tree down to 
about three feet from the ground, and you 
will get fruit four years quicker than you 
will by heading it up to seven feet. Give 
your apple and pear orchard a southern ex- 
posure, or an eastern. Let your hens run 
in it, and after it is old and trimmed up use 
it for a sheep pasture. The sheep, and to 
some degree the hens, will devour the worms 
and moths. If you grow peaches give them 
a northern exposure, because the winter sun 
splits the bark; and the same is true of sweet 
cherries. Plant your plums in a yard with 
chickens, while your cherry trees will make a 
very good appearance if planted clear around 
your acres. While all trees must be fed, 
be sure you do not put any manure near the 
roots, but dress the surface with rich compost. 
If you are too reckless to keep the suckers 
out of the trees, don’t plant trees. Suckers 
or shoots should be removed every month. 
The apple enemy requires spraying with 
arsenites; the pear requires more care about 
fungus, and must be sprayed with Bordeaux. 
This should be done once before blossoming 
and once after the blossoms have fallen. The 
plum enemy is the curculio, which must be 
caught by jarring the tree over sheets. Use 
a padded pole, then catch the beetles and kill 
them quickly. 

Where room allows, and you surely can 
find room on a place of three or four acres, 
you should plant a few trees specifically to 


(Continued on page xxiv) 


SS = 


mae 


As 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


TRADE MARK 


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It greatly reduces the labor of the housekeeper. 


a floor covering for summer cottages 
or porches CREX has no equal 


CAUTION: Avoid imitations. The genuine bears the CREX label 
Sold by all Up-to-Date Carpet and Department Stores. 


Send for Booklet H. PBeautifully Mlustrated. 


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x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 19u9 


LAS cement 


Stucco over concrete blocks or concrete tile 
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Stucco, concrete blocks and concrete tile 
made with 


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will give the greatest amoum of satisfaction, because 


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Write for these booklets: 


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F blocks or tile are used in building a house, they 


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-May, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi 


ee Homes and Gardens 


for June 


“Braemar” 
“Braemar,” the charming home of Mrs. M. Rumsey 
Miller at Tarrytown, N. Y., is charmingly described by 
Barr Ferree in his series of ““Notable Homes.” It is a 
quiet, restful house, environed in beautiful grounds, a 
house modest in size and designed in an extremely beau- 
tiful, yet simple manner by Peabody & Stearns, the well- 
known architects of Boston. The house is illustrated 
within and without, and is a strong feature of a strong 
number. 


The Begonia 
Eben B. Rexford contributes a chatty paper on the Be- 
gonia, and accompanies his article with a number of beau- 
tiful photographs of typical varieties. Few house plants 
are as decorative as the Begonia, and Mr. Rexford is 
thoroughly at home in describing these fine plants and 
telling his readers how to bring them to maturity. 


A Group of Inexpensive Houses 
Francis Durando Nichols has a suggestive paper on in- 
expensive houses, choosing as his theme some typical 
examples from the new suburb of Brooklyn known as 
Forest Hills. Some half dozen houses are briefly de- 
scribed and illustrated with views and plans. ‘The 
article abounds with practical suggestions for those seek- 
ing good homes at moderate cost. 


A Double Page of Small Houses 
Two pages are used in presenting a group of sixteen 
small houses of varied design and style of architecture, 
and of modest cost. 


Wall Gardens 
S. L. Bastin describes, at some length, the method of 


building and treating of wall gardens. Handsome pho- 
tographs illustrate some very excellent wall gardens. 


A Summer Home on Long Island 

The summer home of Mr. Arthur W. Hall, at Crystal 
Brook, Long Island, is completely described and illus- 
trated in an interesting article by Bessie P. Lee. It is a 
charming shingled house, designed and developed with 
great originality. The illustrations not only include 
both interior and exterior views, but the floor plans as 
well. 


What Can be Made in a Handloom 
Mabel Tuke Priestman contributes a suggestive article 
describing home work in the handloom, which will be 
found full of interest to the home worker. Mrs. Priest- 
man not only describes what can be done with the hand- 
loom, but illustrates her article with numerous examples 
of work actually performed with it. 


A|{House with a Guaranteed Cost 


This is an entirely new feature for the magazine, and 
is the most important novelty that has been introduced 
into our pages for some time. It describes and illus- 
trates a house expressly designed for AMERICAN HoMEs 
AND GARDENS, for which the publishers have the written 
guarantee of a reputable firm of builders undertaking to 
erect this dwelling, within sixty miles of New York, for 
the sum of $5,400. The house is interesting in design, 
has been well planned, and the description shows that it 
is provided with all modern conveniences and comforts. 
It is a new and distinct departure and is certain to attract 
wide attention. 


The Warner House at Portsmouth 


This fine old Colonial mansion at Portsmouth, N. H., 
is adequately described by Mary H. Northend, and is 
beautifully illustrated with numerous photographs taken 
expressly for the magazine. It is a house rich in historic 
memories, and is a fine example of the best Colonial 
work. 


A House at Short Hills, New Jersey 


The interesting residence of Mr. Charles W. Roche, at 
Brantwood Park, Short Hills, N. J., is fully described 
and illustrated by Charles Chauncey. It is an interest- 
ing type of house and offers many practical suggestions 
of helpfulness and utility. 


A Country Seat at Lexington, Massachusetts 


The Country Seat of Mr. Richard G. Tower, at Lexing- 
ton, Mass., is described and illustrated by Paul Thurs- 
ton. ‘‘Homewood,” as the estate is called, is a typical 
Massachusetts country estate, which is now first ade- 
quately described, with many photographs and plans. 


A Remodeled Barn 


An old barn, remodelled and converted into a dwelling 
house, is the novel theme of an interesting article by 
Edith S. Welch. And a vastly interesting home has been 
made of it, too, with some highly original decorative 
effects, as the photographs fully show. 


The Departments 


The usual departments are filledwith helpful and suggest- 
ive material. The editorial discussion in the “Monthly 
Comment” deals in a practical way with a subject of vital 
interest to every home owner. Alice Kellogg’s “Corre- 
spondence” is, as usual, full of interesting suggestions, 
and Charles D. Lay’s notes on horticulture, on plants 
and grounds are helpful and timely. 


xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Coldwell 


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cA Practical Book for - Architects, Builders, 
and Those Intending to Build 


A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, 
consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy 
plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor 
plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country 
homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- 
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embodying the best efforts of various architects 
throughout the country. Every one of the houses 
has already been built, and all of the illustrations are 


half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs 
of the completed structures, taken specially by the 
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two 
perspective views of the same house are shown. 
Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also 
included among the designs. 


@ The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ 
names and addresses are given, together with a description of the 
dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the 
dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner. 


ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE 
INTENDING TO BUILD 


will find many new and valuable suggestions among the 
up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. 


PRICE $2.00 POSTPAID 
MUNN © CO., 361 Broadway, New York 


May, 1909 


BOBBINK @ ATKINS’ 


World’s Choicest Nursery Products 


We have growing in our 160 acre Nursery all the products enumerated below 
and thousands of varieties listed and described in our beautifully illustrated general 
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TRAINED AND DWARF FRUIT TREES 


We have a complete assortment of these popular and profitable trees. 


PINES 


We grow many thousands in all the most useful and striking kinds. No 
grounds are complete without a proper number of them, as they are health- 
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Many acres of our Nursery are planted with the most attractive specimens 
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We have many thousands of two year old plants ready for shipment, con- 
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For old fashioned gardens, beds and borders. Many acres of our Nursery 
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FRUITS 


We can supply fruit trees to make a complete fruit garden, In addition, we 
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Our stock is probably unsurpassed, as we have thousands inall sizes, suitable 
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Our trees and shrubs are hardy, vigorous and free from disease. 


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VISIT OUR NURSERIES 
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Keep the Ice-man Outside 


Do away with the troublesome work of cleaning up 
after the ice-man by installing a McCray Refrigerator 
arranged for outside icing. 


Drop us a line telling us where your present refrigerator stands 
and we will prepare, without charge, plans and estimates on a 
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(Keep things fresh) 


because the air in them is purified by constantly recurring contact with the ice, 
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CeaNPPeEsN TS FeO RR MAY, 1909 


‘“FERNBROOK”’: The Drive to the House and the Entrance Porch 
THE GARDEN IN YouR TowN—Prize Competition 
Homes oF AMERICAN ArtTIsts—‘‘Fernbrook,” the Summer Home of ‘Thomas Shields 
Clarke, Lenox, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree 
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR DoMESTIC VENTILATION By Thaleon Blake, C.E. 
A SMALL Brick House at Concorp, MASSACHUSETTS By Charles Chauncey 
TLoweER-Box BEAuTY By F. Maude Smith 
Tue Porcy SitTinc-Room By Ralph de Martin 
CREATING A SMALL COUNTRY HOME By E. P. Powell 
Historic MANSIONS OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER—‘‘Sabine Hall,’ one of the famous 
Carter Homesteads in Virginia By Edith Dabney 
WATERCRESS CULTURE IN FRANCE By Jacques Boyer 
A House BuittT For J. L. Jounson. Esa., ar HAcKENSAcK, NEW JERSEY. 
By Paul Thurston 
ANTS AND BEEs As PETs By Percy Collins 
“PeNLLYN House,” THE RESIDENCE OF ARTHUR Kinc Woop, Esa., ARDSLEY-ON-HUDSON, 
New YORK By Francis Durando Nichols 
GARDEN Nores—The Best Twenty Annuals for the Flower Garden 
CORRESPONDENCE: 
PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg 
GARDEN Work ABouUT THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay 


Making of a Country Home: III. Fruits for the Small Home Orchard. 


The Water Supply of the Country Home. 
The Hen House. New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York . 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. 5. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.) 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


‘“Fermbrook” : the drive to the house and the entrance porch 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


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“‘Fernbrook” : the studio is a stately vaulted apartment of deep interest 


eh Garden 


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f ain BD i iv I Ue 


in Yo Un 


Town 


S IT a success? If so, the Garden Competition Editor of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS wants to know about 
it—he will pay $200 in prizes for the best-planted, developed and most successful suburban or village gardens. Write 
to the Garden Competition Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you had with it; tell 


him of the plants with which you have had the best results, and also those which have been failures. 


Send him a good 


photograph and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help others to beautify their surroundings. 


You need not be a skilled writer to tell the story of your own garden success. 


Tell it in your own way. 


$200 : p 0 First: Prizéstssn aves os-tes Ghee eee $100.00 

In F1Zes Second) gaeath Ree ee eae ee 50.00 

For the best gardens Third PERC ee eer oe UE coor tod bos 25.00 

Fourth: (22 22 ino ee Aer 15.00 

we offer: Fifth.“ aac en ee 10.00 
Conditions 


Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 


1 A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot 
and the kind of plants used. 


2 Plans of the plot are required, preferably on a scale of eight feet 
to the inch, showing the positions of the various plants and 
shrubs. 


3 Photographs of the garden are to be sent, printed on solio paper, 
and should not be less than 5 x7 inches in size. If possible, 
two sets of photographs should be sent, the set showing the plot 
before improvement was commenced, the other set showing the 
garden in full bloom. 


4 Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a 
pseudonym, which is to be enclosed in a sealed envelope con- 
taining the name and address of the competitor. As soon 
as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they 
will notify the Editor, who will open the envelope bearing the 


A few years ago the Editor of AMERICAN HoMEs AND 
GARDENS saw some workingmen’s cottage gardens so taste- 
fully laid out and so admirably kept, that the inherent 
artistic defects of the cottages themselves were almost for- 
gotten. The cottage dwellers had planted these gardens 
themselves and had cared for them in what little leisure 
time they could find. They demonstrated the fact that no 
man is so occupied that he cannot improve his surroundings 
if he so wills. It struck the Editor that here was a strik- 
ing illustration of the possibilities of the small plot, and 
that something should be done to encourage the suburban 
house owner to embellish what little land he owns by the 
judicious planting of flowers. 

The average suburban dwelling is not a joy to the eye. 
It usually bears all the marks of a structure which has been 
planned and turned piecemeal in a factory and hammered 
together on the spot where it stands. It is as like its neigh- 
bor as one city apartment house is like another. To give 
it distinction, why not let blossoming vines clamber over its 
pillars and porches? Why not plant its front yard, and.the 
strip of ground that flanks it on either side, with flowers 
tastefully selected for the purpose? ‘To encourage any 
such effort is the primary object of this competition. 
That others, who are not well informed in the art of 


proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’s name. ‘The 
competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the 
prize. The gardens awarded prizes will be published in 
AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS. 


5 The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish: all 
gardens which, in the opinion of the judges, are worthy of 
honorable mention. The names of those whose gardens are 
reproduced will be published with the photograph. 


6 Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Edi- 
tor, AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS, 361 Broadway, New 
York. 


7 The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants 
need not be subscribers to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 
and no charge or consideration of any kind is required. No 
photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. 


making the small lot florally attractive, may profit by the 
experience of others, and seek to improve their grounds, 
the editor will publish the prize-winning gardens. They 
will serve as an object-lesson in inexpensive and _ practical 
home gardening. 

If you have a pretty garden, surely you will aid in this 
movement. That you may be induced to give all the infor- 
mation in your power, and thus unwittingly help a country- 
dweller, perhaps hundreds of miles away, the conditions of 
the competition have been made as simple as possible. You 
may tell the story of your success in your own way. You 
may draw the plan of your garden roughly, if you choose, pro- 
vided that the drawing is intelligible in the light of the de- 
scriptive matter sent with it. Most important of all are the 
photographs. For reproduction they must be sharp and 
clear. Almost everyone owns a camera these days, and has 
more or less experience in photography, for which reason 
the supplying of good photographs should not be difficult. 
If you do not own a camera yourself, perhaps some neighbor 
will serve as your photographer. 

Above all, it should be remembered that the embellish- 
ment of the front yard is to be kept in mind, largely because 
the front yard is most apt to strike the eye from the village 
street. 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Zope HE interest that one naturally feels in visit- 
MeL in the home of an artist is greatly height- 
BAN ERD) ened by a journey to Mr. Clarke’s beautiful 
; summer home at Lenox, in the Berkshires 
of Western Massachusetts. That the 
house was designed by so individual an 
architect as Mr. Wilson Eyre, of Philadel- 
phia, and the garden by so notable an artist as Mr. Clarke 
himself, is sufficient to stimulate one’s interest to the highest 
pitch; let me say at the outset that the feeling of interest 
with which this house is approached is more than completely 
realized in the actuality. 

“Fernbrook” lies on a hillside at some distance from the 
center of Lenox. The roads and shady lanes that lead up 
to it give a sense of 
aloofness that is de- 
Peeheful. Mr 
Clarke describes his 
dwelling as a simple 
farmhouse, and _ so, 
perhaps, it may 
seem to him. Un- 
pretentious it truly 
is compared with 
some of the summer 
palaces at Lenox, 
but to me it ap- 
peared a very glori- 
fed farmhouse 
indeed, such a one 
as it must be very 
delightful to own, 
and thoroughly 
charming to inhabit 

The entrance 
drive meets the 
outer road quite 
suddenly, without 
gate or mark. It is 
a straight driveway, 
lined with thick bor- 
ders of Rugosa 
roses, and sugar ma- 
ples beyond, with 
great open fields ex- 
tending almost lim- 
itlessly on either 
side. The low, 
white-stuccoed house 
is set upon the west- 
ern edge of the broad 
green plateau. The 
entrance porch is a 


, Homes of American Artists 


By Barr Ferree 


‘* Fernbrook,” the Summer Home of 


Thomas Shields Clarke 


Lenox, Massachusetts 


pointed roofed structure of dark stained wood, with floor 
of red Welsh tile; the whole plentifully overgrown with 
vines of bittersweet and grapes. A wooden bench stands 
on each side. The door frame is recessed in the house wall, 
and the door is of oak, solidly paneled below, with small 
square glass lights above, copied from a celebrated door in 
Venice. On each side is a little rectangular window. The 
planting before the house is chiefly in flower borders 
with great rows of Rugosa roses and flowering annuals. 
The house itself is a low structure of white stucco, with a 
roof of brown shingles. ‘The chimneys are of field stones, 
with red rectangular chimney pots of distinctive form. The 
window frames and blinds are painted green, the blinds be- 
low being solid, with heart-shaped openings in their upper 
parts, while the 
blinds of the second 
story have movable 
slats. At each end 
iS 8 CwlteowU neler 
porch, with  vine- 
covered trellis be- 
yond. ‘The silhou- 
ette of the house is 
distinctly that of 
the mountain that 
rises behind it, and 
it is, in a very true 
way, in entire keep- 
ing with its sur 
roundings. ‘That is 
to say, it is a house 
pre-eminently suited 
to its environment, 
well studied in 
every aspect, indi. 
vidual in design, and 
in all its detail a 
true artist’s house. 
It is exactly the 
kind of a_ house 
suited to this splen- 
did country. 

Being adapted to 
summer use only 
there is no vesti- 
bule, and the visitor 
is ushered from the 
porch directly into 
the hall, which is 
furnished and used 
as a living-room. It 
is a rectangular 
apartment, with a 


178 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


tain beyond. ‘The disposition of the other rooms is best 
indicated from this spot. On the right, beyond the stairs, 
is the library; on the same side, but farther back, is Mr. 
Clarke’s studio. On the left is the dining-room, with the 
kitchen and service rooms beyond. 

The woodwork of the hall, and, indeed, of all the prin- 
cipal rooms, is oak stained Flemish brown. The walls 
here are lined with salmon-brown burlap. The ceiling 
is beamed, with exposed panels of the same color as the 
walls. The mantel is of oak, and the fireplace has fac- 
ings and hearth of Welsh tile. A small tile shelf pro- 
jects above the opening, and is below the larger shelf, 
which is supported by carved corbels. The panel of the 
overmantel is colored like the walls, and is contained, at 
each end, within two small models of the caryitides, 
carved by Mr. Clarke for the Appellate Court House in 
New York. ‘The andirons of bronze, designed in the 
Gothic style, are also by Mr. Clarke. 

Every part of this room is endowed with charm and 
interest. The fireplace, which in many apartments is the 
single structural feature of interest, is here but one of 
many. A superb old Italian cabinet adjoins it. The 
small windows on each side of the entrance door contain 
panels of antique stained glass. The door to the studio, 
further on, has the form of the Gothic pointed arch, and 
seems strangely low and mysterious; as a matter of fact 
it is of quite ample height. 

The dining-room has a wainscot of paneled oak that 
rises nearly to the low vaulted ceiling. The window 
frames rise above the summit of the wall paneling, which 
is surmounted with a plate or vase shelf. The curtains 

Angle porch and bay window of entrance front are of thin green silk, quite bright in color. The fireplace 

has facings of Mercer tile, and the shelf is supported on 

large window on the opposite side from which it is entered, two old carved columns that formed part of the decoration of 
giving a charming view of the terraced garden and moun- an ancient Swiss chapel. The overmantel is plain. 


The house stands on a hillside at some distance from the center of Lenox 


May, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 179 


A glazed door in one corner opens to the little porch 
on this side of the house. It is used as a breakfast-room, 
and is a cool and delightful place. The architectural 
treatment of the parts here is so simple as to be almost 
bare. This, however, is but to emphasize the decoration 
by means of vines and plants. In one corner is a great 
yellow and green jar of glazed pottery; a lusty gourd has 
taken root within it and clambers lazily toward the roof. 
On the opposite side are oleanders in tubs and boxes. 

The library is quite on the further side of the house, 
and contains a window overlooking the entrance front. 
It is a smallish room, with walls of green grass-cloth. It 
has a Tudor ceiling, the pattern of which is traced in lines 
of stained wood, applied to the plaster. The fireplace has 
facings of Moravian tile, and a hearth of Welsh tile. 

As in the dining-room, a door in one corner leads to a 
brick paved porch, with terrace beyond. On the entrance 
front the opening is walled with a parapet, on which 
stands a long box of geraniums, red and pink, growing 
amid a mass of white annual phlox. The gourd jar here 
is green, and the boxed plants are hydrangeas. The per- 
gola extension is supported by cedar posts, with parapets 
of open cedar work. There is a beautiful outlook here 
across the gently flowered grounds. 

_ I have dwelt at some length on the details of these side 
porches, for they both explain and typify the individual 
character of this delightful house. Their positions and 
dimensions are practically identical, and their general as- 
pect is not unlike. Yet they are distinctly individual and, 
indeed, personal. One has a low front wall with its box 
of bloom. There is a great glazed jar in each, but they 
are not alike in color nor in design. ‘The plants in tubs 
are of different varieties, and even the vines of the per- 
golas are distinct. And with all, there is a delightful free- individuality of effect has been obtained by means of the 
dom and charm in both porches and a quite marked most subtle variations and, in a large measure, by the use 


Angle of entrance front and studio chimney 


The terraced court on the inner front of the house 


180 


of the simplest devices. It is typical of the whole house 
that this individuality should have been acquired in this 
way, and the quiet beauty thus produced is equally typical 
of the whole. 

A semicircular form is given to the terrace beyond the 
north porch by the circlet of flower borders and mountain 
laurel that surround it. In the center is an immense chest- 
nut tree and without is a row of small Scotch pines. The 
barns and farm buildings are at some distance beyond, and 
are so well hidden behind a mass of trees that scarce more 
than their tops are visible. 

Almost at the point where the circle inclosure on the 
north touches the house wall is the studio chimney. Surely 
never was a chimney given happier form than this! It is 
completely external to the house and has the real value of 
a tower. It is built of flat stones, laid with wide joints. 
It has a great square base, 
surmounted with a shin- 
gled roof, slightly in- 
curved, from the center of 
which rises the shaft, 
somewhat irregular in out- 
line, but loftily dignified. 
Just above the roof a 
small bas-relief is let into 
the shaft wall. Slabs of 
stone laid in the grass, 
and steps further on, lead 
down through a_ rustic 
arch to the broad green 
terrace upon which rests 
the western (and most pic- 
fulcesiquie)) side of the 
house. 

The studio is the largest 
room in the house, and has 
a floor area of thirty by 
forty-two feet. It is a 
vaulted apartment some- 
what freely modeled af- 
ter a refectory in a mon- 
astery in Ragusa, in Sicily, 
that had long appealed to 
Mr. Clarke as an ideal 
room. ‘The adaptation to 
his needs here has been 
highly successful. It is 
but justice to the architect, 
however, to add that this 
adaptation is one of idea 
only and not of details; 
this room is quite as indi- 
vidual as any in the house. 

It is placed at a lower level than the other parts, and is 
four steps below the hall and the north porch, from either 
of which it may be entered. The walls are completely plain, 
with a low base board, and are treated with ecru paint. The 
windows are somewhat varied in size and form, but all have 
frames with broad lower shelves, and long, bracket-like 
treatment of the sides, with a top shelf above. At the en- 
trance end is a balcony, hung from the ceiling by heavy 
rods of twisted steel, and reached by a stair within the room. 
Beneath it a piece of old Flemish tapestry is hung against 
the inner wall, and in front, dependent from the ceiling, is a 
fine model of an old Dutch admiral’s ship. The fireplace 
occupies the center of one of the longer sides, and stands 
within an inglenook. The whole of this space is lined and 
faced with red brick. Each side wall is pierced for a small 
leaded window, below which is a low stone bench. A vast 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The library mantel and fireplace 


May, 1909 


oak beam carries the wall above the inglenook. There are 
numerous rugs on the hardwood floors, and the windows 
have sash curtains of pongee silk. There is a host of curious 
and beautiful things in this room; old jars of pottery and 
brass, Japanese and other armor, basket and bead work, 
copper vessels and plaster casts, and numerous sketches in 
oil and water colors by Mr. Clarke, for his achievements in 
these arts are quite as well known as in his chosen profession 
of sculpture. It is the treasure-trove of an artist, the gather- 
ings of many wanderings in foreign lands, and here charm- 
ing and delightful contributions to the harmony and interest 
of this fine room. 

And now the terrace. It is the chiefest of the beauties of 
this very beautiful house. The garden work here, as else- 
where on the estate, was designed and carried out by Mr. 
Clarke, and in the open terraced court at the back of the 
house he had Mr. Eyre’s 
interesting grouping and 
detail as his foundation 
and background. Very re- 
markable results might 
well be looked for in work 
of two artists under the 
circumstances that ruled 
here, and it is but the sim- 
ple truth to say that re- 
markable results were 
obtained. 

And by the simplest 
means. This is the sur- 
prising and _ gratifying 
fact that presents itself in 
every. patt of >a iem- 
brook.” Everything here 
is so charming, simple and 
delightful! There has 
been no building with 
costly marbles; no equip- 
ment with expensive fur- 
nishings; no sumptuous 
planting or elaborate gar- 
dening. But there is 
beauty everywhere; there 
is the artist’s touch and 
soul; nature has not been 
forced but trained, gently 
molded, as it were, to 
meet the highly sensitive 
taste of the artist owner. 
Nowhere else could this 
be so completely mani- 
fested as in his own home 
and nowhere here is it so 
clearly shown as in the inner court or terrace. 

A glazed door from the hall leads to it and admits to the 
pergola. The space is brick-paved, laid herringbone-fashion, 
with an outer parapet of flat field stones, with wide mortar 
joints. Cedar posts stand on this and support the open roof, 
which is thickly overgrown with bittersweet and actinidia 
and grape-vines. A-top the parapet are all manner of de- 
lightful pots and jars, variously sized, shaped and colored 
and containing many growing plants. Stone steps, between 
low stone walls, lead to a lower level; at the base are jars 
of red terra cotta containing dwarf apple trees, mimic little 
things with real apples ripening on them. Enclosing this 
space are the wings of the house, the studio on the right, the 
service wing on the left; below the latter is a grape-vine per- 
gola. A second parapet encloses its outer margin, and bushes 
of golden elder glow at the opening to the lawn below. 


oo 


AWE RTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


1909 


May, 


The entrance hall is furnished and used as a living-room 


room has an oak wainscot and low vaulted ceiling 


The dining- 


182 


Below the walls are massed the hollyhocks and larkspur and 
other plants, and, looking back, the whole descent seems 
ablaze with flowers and green foliage. 

Everywhere is life and vitality. In the center, at the base 
of the terraces, is an open circle of thickly growing achillae. 
A lovely flowering scheme is arranged here, with blue of the 
larkspur, yellow of the primrose, and white of the achillae. 
In the center of one semicircle is a bronze sun-dial—a small 
cupid on a globe, designed by Mr. Clarke. Above are the 
two terraced walls, and the cedar pergola at the summit, 
the house walls and gables—the latter singularly interesting 
in their variety and arrangement—form an immensely eftect- 
ive background and inclosure to the beautiful picture. 

The grassed space at the base comprises an ample area. 
Generally rectangular in form, it is outbordered with Japa- 
nese barberry, beyond which are fine poplars, widely spaced. 
In the center is a rustic arbor that serves as an archway, and 
stone steps down to a long shaded path leading to the brook 
and children’s log cabin in the wood at the foot of the hill. 

There is so much beauty here, and it is all so lovely that 
it is both difficult and unnecessary to single out any one gen- 
eral feature as especially worthy of admiration. The really 
great point is that it is all worthy and all admirable. Each 
part has its own charm and its own attractiveness, and this 
is always of distinctive beauty and interest. From every 
point below the house one has but to turn to it for the eye 
to be saturated with its cultured beauty; and from the house 
one looks out constantly, and in every direction, to natural 
beauty of the most delightful kind. ‘This is as true of the 
front of the house as of the back; and it is as true of the 
north aspect as of the south. There are hills and mountains 
everywhere. Behind the house rises the great bulk of “Yo- 
kun Seat,’ a name derived from Yokun, an old Mohican 
chief. It is covered to the top with oaks, chestnuts and hem- 
locks, and is included within the limits of ‘““Fernbrook”’ farm. 

On the other side, be- 
yond the Housatonic Val- 
ley, with its farms and 
hamlets, one sees ‘‘Octo- 
ber Mountain” and _ the 
far-distant mountains of 


Vermont. 
There is nowhere a 
sense of inclosure, and 


everything is on the lar- 
gest scale, a scale of real 
vastness and of great open- 
ness. The world seems bet- 
ter because there is such a 
place to live in, and Mr. 
Clarke, in his open- 
hearteq artistic way has 
done more than his share 
to make his part of it even 
more beautiful than Na- 
ture at her best could have 
accomplished unaided. 
Yet the aids here are 
natural aids. Nature has 
been adorned in the 
gentlest fashion and only 
with her most delicate 
deckings. The mere erec- 
tion of the house presup- 
posed and necessitated a 
treatment of the immedi- 
ately adjacent grounds 
that would wield it into its 
environment, join it to the 
soil, as it were, and give 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Rustic arbor and poplar trees 


May, 1909 


the whole the character of a natural growth. At no time 
and in no place is this an easy task. The best of houses is an 
artificial construction, and the most artistic of them fails in 
destroying the notion that it occupies space nature intended 
for something else, something of her own making and grow- 
ing, something she herself had created and nourished. Every 
house must, in fact, be adjusted to its environment, and for 
this purpose we have trees and shrubs, vines and flowers. 

But no good house needs to be hid or covered with vegeta- 
tion, least of all so fine a house as Mr. Eyre has designed for 
Mr. Clarke. Yet Mr. Eyre’s own rare taste in building de- 
sign would be quite incomplete without the outer final dress- 
ing of Nature’s own garment. The problems here involved 
Mr. Clarke set himself to solve, as has been stated, and 
once more I must draw attention to the delightfully beautiful 
way in which this has been done. 

‘‘Fernbrook,” to repeat, is a property of some size. Great 
broad fields stretch away from the house on every side. 
These fields are so broad and spacious that the lofty moun- 
tain behind the house, which actually incloses the property 
on that side, is literally fixed at some distance from it. There 
is a splendid absence of “‘nearness” here that gives the house 
a remarkably distinct individuality. Everything is amaz- 
ingly remote from everything else. ‘The place is thus too 
large for complete cultivation, nor is universal treatment 
essential. After all, as Mr. Clarke himself says, it is but a 
simple farmhouse, and if the broad acres are not laid down 
in corn or wheat or potatoes, there is at least an abundance 
of grass and meadow, and an inexhaustible supply of pure 
sweet country air that comes only with the great open spaces 
of the real countryside. 

Thus the planting problem quite naturally concentrated 
itself immediately around the house. The entrance drive- 
way is marked out, but not inclosed; there is ample space 
between the sugar maples to see the wide fields beyond. And 
the floral planting is close 
by the house, some in 
front, some at the ends, 
more within at the ter- 
races. And it is all beau- 
tifully done with flowers 
and plants whose names 
are commonplaces to most 
florists, yet whose beauty 
is eternal and none the less 
because often so familiar. 

I am very sure that 
could one but hover about 
this lovely estate in an air- 
ship it would present the 
aspect of a great sheet of 
the deepest emerald, on 
which, somewhat toward 
one side, would appear a 
vast floral wreath, a bit 
gay in color, perhaps, but 
with fine masses of fair 
loveliness, surrounding the 
house, brooding amid this 
beauty like a fine jewel set 
in the rarest enamels. Yet, 
after all, such a delightful 
vision, or even the fine pho- 
tographs which appear on 
these pages would not 
compare with interest with 
the place itself as Seen 
from the ground, or as ap- 
proached by carriage or 
automobile. 


May, 1909 


" AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Practical Suggestions for Domestic Ventilation 


By Thaleon Blake, C. E. 


HE kitchen is the one room which is the 
room, every day in the week, where numer- 
ous odors originate. Cooking must be 
done, and at the rate of three meals daily 
there are twenty-one meals weekly, one 
thousand and ninety-five meals yearly. 
Think of it—1,095 times each year vari- 

ous odorous foods are prepared for consumption! Then 
assume that in each meal there are but three substances to 

be heated which are capable of giving off odors, and you 
have the great number of 3,285 individual odors! These 
figures would in practice mean nothing were it not for the 
fact that outside of the better equipped kitchens there are 
few stove and range hoods to remove these noisome odors. 

Fig. 1 shows the stove hood which any tinsmith can 
make, or which can be purchased from any of the manu- 
tacturers of ranges for a few dollars. The fire draft up the 
chimney assists the hot air and odors to arise and escape from 
the stove. 

In most American homes the family washing is also done 
in the kitchen, usually on Monday, long hallowed as ‘‘wash- 
day.” If stove hoods may justly be called a scarcity—tak- 
ing all the American homes into account—washtub hoods, 
being fewer in number, are a positive rarity. And if the 
larded smells of some kitchens at meal time are offensive, the 
escaping soap smells of “‘boiling suds” are decidedly worse— 
dangerous, in fact, to the lung tissues. 

The heavy-laden air, moisture saturated, of a room in 
which a washing is being done on a cold winter’s day, when 
the natural tendency is to shut the room up, is deadly to 
lungs, to throat, and to head passages, and is a prolific 
cause of many a woman’s “‘bad cold,” sore throat, pleurisy 
or pneumonia. The graveyard swallows many a victim to 


“YY SOK B_ FLUE 


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KETTLE 


RANG E 


the steam of wash-day. Neuralgic headaches are about the 
least of the afflictions to be expected from breathing con- 
fined, moist air. Yet hoods over washtubs and boilers will 
remove nearly all of the hot steam. 

Fig. 2 shows the advantage of placing the tubs between 
opposite windows if possible, so that the breeze blowing 
through the room may assist to take out the gases. A screen 
will keep any draft directly off the worker. 

Washed clothes should never be dried in any place where 
the family will have to breathe the moisture they give up. 
The capacity of air to pick up and carry away moisture is 
limited. Air is said to be “‘saturated” when it is fully loaded 
and can carry off no more. When housewives undertake 
to dry wash clothes in an air-tight room, they defeat their 
purpose, as the air quickly takes up as much water from the 
clothes as it can, after which the process of ‘‘drying’’ stops. 
A. centinuous supply of fresh air is absolutely necessary to 
dry clothes rapidly. ‘The more thoroughly the air is made 
to circulate in the clothes-drying room, the speedier is the 
desired result reached. 

The difference in specific gravity of the water-laden air 
within and the dry air without, is usually sufficient to set up 
a movement which is accelerated if there be also a difference 
of temperature. Humidity and temperature, therefore, are 
the primary causes of air moving so constantly. Forced 
drafts are thus obviated. 

Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement of clothes-lines in a 
room which has windows at opposite ends. Anything so 
extensive is unnecessary, a simple clothes rack alone being 
used, the rack, should by all means be placed between win- 
dows or doors, so that it intercepts the drafts. 

If a house is situated where winds blowing from certain 
quarters of the heavens afford scarcely any draft through 


SCREEN TO KEEP 
ORAUGHT OFF 
WORKER 


DOTTEO LIN® 


| of ooo 
VENTILATOR 


184 


AMERICAN HOMES AND YGQARK DIE 


the clothes room, an up-ended hood at each end window or 


door will probably divert the wind into the room. 


PARTITION 


AIR CORRENT sy, 


. | 
INLET 


C-LINE FOR CLOTHES 


PARTITION 


FIGURE -D 


ing of shutters, the wind may be deflected through a room, 
or suite of rooms. 

Beyond the ventilation to take away odors, is the more 
important ventilation of the sleeping-rooms. Fresh air will 
preserve health; it can restore health, as nothing can or will. 
Thousands of people coddle themselves into all sorts of disa- 
bilities, to disease, and to 
death itself. ‘The atmosphere, 
not shelter, is the source of 


| 


May, 1909 


for their own good, that, like the apes, confinement within 


Fig. 4 doors is fatal to their physical prosperity. 
explains this; while Fig. 5 shows how, by a judicious open- 


It is to be remarked that all open air is beneficial, but cold 


LEE ee 


PAIRTITION 


PARTITION 


FIGURL -F 


air has peculiar therapeutic and hygienic value. House 
drafts, however, are best avoided; and, consequently, so 
many imagine that a free air circulation in sleeping-rooms is 
not conducive to health. 

As in Fig. 6, where there is but one window, it is prefera- 
ble to set the bed opposite the window, which should be up 
at bottom and down at top. 
Where two rooms open en 
suite, if the bed must be 


physical wellbeing, with its 


placed near the communicat- 


70187 


attendant phenomena of vi- 
tality and energy. 
When primitive man 


PARYITION 


ROork 


ing door, a screen should be 
set so as partially to shield 
the bed (Fig. 7). “Hieaas 


housed himself he founded 


= |] PARTITION 


architecture and the medical 
profession. As soon as man 
housed the beasts of the field, 
he created a branch of the 


shows how air passes both at 
top and bottom of an upper 
sash when it is lowered. 
Fig. 9 portrays the move- 
ments induced by the fact 


medical profession known as 


that moist, damp, saturated 


veterinary surgeons. Prac- 
tically all of the lesser dis- 
eases, and even that ogre, 
consumption, are amendable by fresh air, and especially 
open-air treatment. 

Men delight to declare that they are little less than the 
angels. ‘Theoretically it may be so; but it is indisputable 
that practically they are but animals, subject to Nature’s 
laws exactly like all animals. Men may not care to hear 
that they have evoluted from the apes; but they must know, 


| | 


PARTITION 


FIG URE-7 


\ 


Vi SHUTTE fe_ 


PFIPRTITION 


PICURE-S 


air is heavier than dry air. 

If a consumptive not yet 
bedfast will take to a “coffin” 
while yet alive, and sleep in it on a porch, or under a sideless 
tent—that is, a waterproof square piece of cloth fastened at 
the corners by ropes to posts or trees, he may continue to 
sleep o’nights above ground a long time before going below 
to bunk. I suggest this manner of making up a sleeping 
nest from my own experience in canoe cruising; for, when I 
learned to sleep in my canoe, or under it, for several years’ 


CEL UNG: 


CURRENT ————q61nir1 


DED Roorz 


PARTITION 


| FIGULE- 6 


OUTSIOR WALL 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Q - 
May, 1909 185 
— 
PLENTY OF F/R ALL AROUND | 
SLEEPER BUT NONE O/RECHY | 
BLOWING ON 177 | 
iN 
4 
S 
3 
9 
OUTDOORS /NDOORS Ror z 
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ss] 


AIR. 


LOWE SAStH— 


Tl wre CURRENT COMES IN OR 
GOéS our A CCOROING To 
TENPERATURE OR DIRECTION 
OF AR. 


FL900R 


WOODEN PORCH fosT 


WATER PROOF sin J 


OR CANVASS 


PATE TI TION 


[warrRess | 


FICURE- 8 


FIGURE -/0 


cruises I left my tent at home. 
to sleep in as a bed is founded on the well-known liability of 
cold air to penetrate between the blankets and other covers. 
Fig. 10 shows how this is done. The sides of my canoe used 
to make my outdoor’s sleeping warm and cozy. Why 


should not a box do as 
well? 

Fresh air indoors, and 
outdoor sleeping if possible, 
is better than medicine or 
life insurance; although, as 
to that, "tis well to take 
out some insurance against 
accidents, and doctor 
with “Diet and Nature, 
ni D.'s.” 

Salubrious climate and 
wholesome food are con- 
ducive to vitality—a 
healthy body and a sane 
mind; and it is probably not 
too much to add—a happv 
disposition and a moral 
existence. 

The fact is, modern 
science has reached a point 
that puts the house problem 
in two aspects. We must 
have houses for shelter, 
but the house is no sooner 
built than the great problem 
of free air and complete 
circulation is _ presented. 
And this must be solved 
also, as well as the protec- 
tive problems of house 
building, or there will be a 
complete Jack of utility in 
the construction. 

But it is not sufficient 
simply to state these two 
problems, or rather these 


The suggestion for a ‘“‘box’’ 


OUTDOORS 
ORY FITMOSPHE RE 


/701ST ROO/L 


OUTDOOR § 
MOIST ATMOS PHERE 


FL ogR 


FIGURE - Ti 


two aspects of the one problem. Natural instinct has given 
us-the natural craving for shelter which we gratify in house 
erection, while modern science has declared that, even while 
we need houses, we must open them sufficiently to give us all 
the air we can obtain hygienically. Now the latter proposi- 


tion is not generally under- 
stood, and is certainly not 
generally admitted. Why, 
it is often asked, build in- 
closures, only to knock holes 
inthem? But this knocking 
of holes is most important 
and essential, and until its 
value is generally admitted 
and understood our houses 
will quite fail in yielding 
their fullest utility. 

The principles of venti- 
lating a house are so simple 
it is truly wonderful that 
they are so little understood 
and so seldom put into 
practise. The air is pro- 
verbially restless; the poets 
are inspired by its invisible 
comings and goings, to re- 
fer to it in many memorable 
similes and metaphors; but 
to the physicist, whose busi- 
ness with it is too practical 
to allow sentiment to creep 
in, the mystery of its vaga- 
bond nature resolves into 
one of the commonest 
phenomenon known to men, 
of which water is the chief 
example—the necessity and 
the endless struggle to pre- 
serve that balance which is 
induced by the iron hand of 
gravity of which the physi- 
cist can speak so eloquently, 


186 


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Se wo mn 


HE house built for Mr. Charles Francis 
Adams, at Concord, Mass., represents the 
type of house built in many of the New 
England towns in the seventeenth century. 
Its form is copied after the leanto-roof 
house of that period, except that it is built 
of brick instead of wood, which was the 
material used in those days. 

In placing the 
house on its site it 
was found best to 
keep it close to the 
ground, in order to 
carry out the cus- 
tom of its proto- 
type, consequently 
it is built with only 
one step from the 
grade to the level 
of the first floor. 

athe; extie rion 
walls are built of 
red brick, with 
windows of small 
lights disposed at 
regular intervals. 
The joints of the 
brickwork are 
made more pronounced by the white mortar in which the 
bricks are laid and its broad pointing. 

The front doorway has an ornamental casing of Colonial 
design, and is built without any porch roof, as was the cus- 
tom of the builders of the seventeenth century. A walk is 
brought in from the driveway, composed of stepping stones, 
to the brick terrace in front of the house. The entrance on 
the side is covered with a hood supported on a trellis. 

The trimmings are painted white and the blinds are 


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DINING Roore. 


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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A Small Brick House 


Concord, Massachusetts 


By Charles Chauncey 


The first and second floor plans show 


May, 1909 


AMM: 


ik 


TAAL 
iH 


j 
8 


painted green of a dark ivy color. The roof is covered with 
white cedar shingles, and stained a soft green color with a 
mossy effect. 

From a small porch at the front of the house an entrance 
is made to a small lobby from which the living and dining- 
rooms are reached. A stairway from the lobby rises to the 
second story, while the stairs from the kitchen descend under 
the main stairway to a cellar which is admirably built. 

The interior is 
trimmed with cy- 
press, stained and 
finished in a soft 
brown tone. The 
living-room is pro- 
vided with a fire- 
place built of red 
brick laid in white 
mortar. The fac- 
ings and_ hearth 
are laid with simi- 
lar brick and in 
white mortar. The 
walls of this room 
are covered with a 


DEDLoo/L 
/2X/¥ 


ven two-tone _yellow- 
Sipe io /aars ish- brown wall 

a convenient arrangement of rooms paper. 
The dining- 


room is treated in a green effect with a two-tone striped 
wall paper. ‘There is only one chimney in the house, and it 
is built so as to arch over the staircase and come out of the 
roof in one part. 

A door at the back of the dining-room opens into the kit- 
chen. It is furnished with a hearth of stone for the range, 
a sink, two laundry tubs, a pantry, and a rear lobby large 
enough to hold an ice-box. ‘There is a bedroom on this floor, 
complete and fitted with a large closet. 


I NW 


= 


May, 1909 AVES ReAN  EOMES»s AND “GARDENS 18 


~I 


A Leanto House of the Seventeenth Century Reproduced in Brick 


(See description on opposite page) 


The hooded entrance at the side of the house has a trellis The entrance front has the simple lines of the Colonial 


188 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


Flower-Box Beauty 


By F. Maude Smith 


s INDOW boxes, once quite rare, have come 
7 to be delightfully frequent. Flower lovers 
who had them twenty years ago and more, 
and were almost alone in their charming 
indulgences, have lived to see their example 
followed by a great many people, especially 
such as live in apartments or in houses with 
little or no ground. However much one may have gone in 
for them, a sojourn abroad, especially in England, where the 
moist, equable temperature encourages lush luxuriance of 
growth and blossoms, is invariably an inspiration. Once the 
window box was purely a summer beautifier; now it may be 
seen all the year round. Easter Sunday finds very many 
window boxes freshly filled, in some instances with hot-house 
plants. The Easter window box, however, is a luxury, and 
must be renewed for summer. A charming trio on a brown- 
stone house was quaintly planted with dainty roses, English 
daisies and poetic pansies, the rustic boxes being partly hid- 
den by English ivy. Perhaps more fetching were the boxes 
planted with Marguerites, the jaunty blossoms nodding well 
above a wealth of pansies. The ivy was very full and rich. 

In some all - the - year - 
round boxes the midsym- 
mer display shows a pre- 
dominance of  vivid-hued 
foliage plants, the bronze 
and crimson variety of 
acalypha being the most 
striking. This is effective 
with other foliage of a 
glossy green, such plants as 
the aspidistra, with its 
broad _ leaves, plain or 
striped with cream, and the 
anthericum (St. Bruno’s 
lily) with its long, graceful 
leaves, being very useful. 
The aspidistra and antheri- 
cum are indeed effective by 
themselves, and both are so 
modest in price, so easy of 
culture and so _ jauntily 
cheery that many keep a 
stock always on hand. As- 
paragus Sprengeri is a 
pretty addition, and in the 
south of Florida last winter. 
one might see two pretty 
window boxes with nothing 
else in them. ‘The dainty 
plants seemed in their ele- 
ment and formed a solid 
mass of delicate greenery 
that swept the ground. If 
well started indoors and 
given a sheltered position 
such boxes would thrive in 
the north. 

Of more general interest, 
however, is the window box 
from which gay blossoms 
greet the world. It is not 
restricted to those who need 


have no thought of the cost. The window box which will be 
a joy for the entire season should be put out not earlier than 
May fifteenth. Ours were good until December first last 
year. Of course, the late blossoming was not profuse, but 
until the last the vines were dainty swaying masses and the 
plants not unsightly. 

Though not at all a usual choice we had lysimachia 
nummularia, also called creeping Jenny and moneywort, 
for boxes on the north side of the house. Few even 
know the name of this pretty, graceful vine which costs 
but a dime (and is easily divided), but which may be kept 
on hand by planting under trees where grass will not grow. 
A good bit of it is required to make a handsome fringe— 
and to my mind the fringe is a most important, if not the 
most important, part of a window box, or any other flower 
box, be it for porch, balcony, fence or over a doorway. With 
this we use the deep salmon pink geranium, not the very 
double variety, and, on a brown stone house, the effect is very 
good. By midsummer the graceful vines ranged from half 
a yard to nearly two yards in length. Of course they would 
not interest such persons as long for the impossible—usually 
persons who do nothing at 
all themselves—since they 
contain no exotics or other 
oddities. In fact, the aver- 
age window box beginner 
errs on the side of variety. 
For the sake of being cheer- 
ful some misguided souls 
make an inartistic hodge- 
podge by crowding in every 
conceivable sort of plant 
and blossom color. As a 
rule even two colors of ge- 
ranium should be avoided. 
And of these the gay scar- 
let variety is undoubtedly 
the standby. 

To return to the salmon- 
pink geranium, it is also 
lovely with variegated tra- 
descantia (spider-w ort), 
this especial variety of this 
fine vine showing leaves of 
purple and silver and green. 
The purple is particularly 
effective with the salmon- 
pink blossoms. For our 
front windows, which are 
not wide, three geranium 
each sufficed. One must 
choose fine young stocky 
ones, however, with three or 
four strong shoots each. If 
one keeps the lysimachia in 
stock the plants for very 
pretty boxes need cost but 
little. 

Of course the standby 
vine is the variegated vinca, 
cousin of the myrtle. It 


A graceful growth of overhanging vines 


thrives in any situation and 
has a picturesque habit of 


May, 1909 


growth. It, too, looks ex- 
ceedingly well with salmon- 
pink geraniums. A _ full 
fringe of it is not cheap, 
however. It served in some 
most effective boxes. Both 
the blossoms and the vines, 
which adorned the steps and 
porch, showed to exquisite 
advantage as they swept 
against the creamy gray of 
the stone with every vag- 
rant breeze. 

With the coming of cold 
weather we continue our 
window box growth with 
various tiny evergreen trees. 
Even the cellar windows of 
one house are thus adorned. 
These are renewed as re- 
quired, winter and summer. 
As a matter of fact these 
trees do well to live three 
months in the winters of 
northern cities, and it mat- 
ters little whether or no 
they be watered. If they 
are not watered they will 
die, and if they are watered 
the freezing of the water 
about the roots is likewise 
fatal. Average persons do 
not stop to think that the 
roots of evergreens which are growing in the soil reach below 
the frozen surface. 

As for the boxes themselves, there is the greatest variety, 
and while tiles may be beautiful, they are quite unnecessary 
with fine vines. Zinc boxes, painted the color of the house, 
are very good. They should have handles at the ends. It 
costs something to have these made, but they last a long time 
if properly cared for. Any box, however, must be emptied, 
cleaned, and put in a dry place when its season of beauty is 
over. 

As for the planting, it is best to have a few buckets of soil 
from a gardener. Each of the boxes should have at least 
three holes for drainage, and over each hole should be laid 
some bits of broken pots. Then comes a good layer of the 
soil. Then the vines should be carefully placed along the 


& 


y 
eG OB AMEE OE Ta ke 


I 
| 


* 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Salmon-pink geraniums and lysimachia nummularia in midsummer 


189 
front and sides of the 
boxes, adding enough soil 
to hold them in place. And 
then along the center of the 
box place the important 
plants, spacing according to 
their number. 

The whole crux of win- 
dow box success is, of 
course, in the watering, un- 
less the season should be un- 
precedently rainy. And even 
then they receive little un- 
less the rain pelts against 
their side of the house. In 
ordinary weather we have 
found that they must be 
watered every day. Sun- 
down or a trifle later is the 
best time, and it matters 
little whether they be re- 
freshed from the sprinkler 
attachment of the hose or 
the watering pot. As a rule 
each box requires the gallon 
size watering pot twice 
filled. Of course they may 
be sprinkled by hand from 
a large pan of water. It 
would be difficult to think of 
any one form of decoration 
that so beautifies a house 
both without and within. 

One should never undertake window boxes unless one is 
prepared to give some time to them. It is true not much at- 
tention is required, but the demands they make upon one’s 
time is urgent and can not be avoided. Flower boxes fail, as 
a rule, only from lack of care and lack of water. One is 
hardly likely to put them out too early, and if they are 
touched with frost in the fall nothing whatever can save 
them. The great essential is water, and if there be any 
neglect in this particular the failure of the whole is very 
swift and very certain. Absolutely nothing can save them, 
and even if not actually dried to death they seldom revive 
in anything like their original beauty. One must, therefore, 
be very certain that one will be able to water the boxes regu- 
larly, or it will be better not to undertake them at all. Win- 
dow boxes have come into such general modern use that they 


A well-planted box, even when first put out, is a thing of beauty 


The variegated vinca sweeps luxuriantly over the gray stone 


190 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


are no longer confined to 
windows. In some houses 
their use is most elaborate, 
and they are found beside 
the steps or strung in won- 
derful rows of color above 
a porch or atop a terrace 
wall. They are boxes still, 
although a window box 
can only be a window box 
when directly applied to a 
window. But what mat- 
ters such rigidness of no- 
menclature. A box is a 
box, wherever it is placed, 
and a box filled with flow- 
ering plants, or with baby 
evergreens or non-flower- 
ing plants, is still a thing 
of beauty and a source of 
constant pleasure wherever 
it is placed and wherever 
it is successfully grown. 
But the more elaborate use 
of the flower box is better 
left in the hands of the 
professional gardener 
than undertaken by the 
individual house - owner. 


may seem most naturally 
suited to those houses that 
have no garden of their 
own, but be assured this is 
not so. A growth of bril- 
liant bloom, of warm 
green, or of variegated 
leaves, is always welcome 
against the house, be the 
garden as elaborate as it 
may. It both beautifies 
and adorns, and it at once 
rests the eye and gives a 
welcome emphasis to the 
openings of the house wall. 

If, perchance, the box 
fails, the remedy of re- 
planting is always at hand. 
And the amount involved 
is always so small, for the 
boxes themselves, for the 
ordinary window are but 
small in size, that fresh 
boxes can always be looked 
for and can always be 
maintained. This much, 
at least, can not be said of 
the garden in the ground, 
where, failure once ad- 
The watering of the most mitted, is more than likely 
beautiful flowers may be- to be permanent in its ruin. 
come a burden when their Olsitachtoned dower Gicthe box of thisswindow It is this readiness and 
care is a labor. cheapness with which win- 

Whether one has a garden or not, the flower box dow-box gardening can be carried out that constitutes one of 
may be a source of delight at all times. Perhaps it its most attractive features. 


eas Tae 


Well-filled flower boxes along the rail of the piazza are an Red geraniums and green vines are harmonious colors 
attractive feature for a white house 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1 


‘oO 
hy 


The Porch Sitting-Room 


By Ralph de Martin 


p< HY stay within a house if one can be com- 
7 fortable without it? This is the real 
philosophy of the country home. Thou- 
sands of dollars, and sometimes many of 
them, go into the building of a handsome 
house which is no sooner completed than the 
owners proceed to devise all manner of 
ways of staying without it. Of course this is natural, and 
just what is to be expected; but sometimes the person who is 
not fortunate enough to own one of these fine houses—nor 
even possessed of the acquaintance that takes one within them 
—wonders a bit that so much money should have been spent 
on a building that is so little used. 

But back of this seeming non-use is a very real utility. 
The expansion of the country house building industry has 
taken many persons out into the country who, not long be- 
fore, knew of green fields only from the car window. Now 
one may not only learn to know the country and have all the 
comforts of modern conveniences in his own country home, 
but, which is much more important, he can learn to love it; 
and once loving it, is inevitably wedded to the soil. 

There are many things that tend to bring about this con- 
dition, but few so charming and so comfortable as the porch 
sitting-room. To say that this is a necessary adjunct to 
every well-designed country home is but to repeat a truism. 
Those of us who have it know how true this is; those of us 
who do not have it spend not a few envious hours in wishing 
for one. 

On the porch sitting-room one may live the country life in 
the most delightful manner. One’s architect, if he has been 
wise, has left nothing to be desired. There will be spacious- 
ness in width and spaciousness in length; for out in the open 
air one soon feels the crampiness of walls and narrow dimen- 
sions. Is a lawn ever too spacious for thorough enjoyment 
of outlook? So a porch sitting-room can seldom be too 
large, too ample in its area, too spacious in its physical form. 
Whether it be high or low is a question to be determined by 
the architecture of the dwelling; but here again, the utmost 
ampleness in dimension is an agreeable thing, and a useful 
one, helping in the creation of that outdoor effect which, after 
all, is the true end and aim of the fascinating outdoor rooms. 

For rooms they are and true ones. Perish the thought of 
walls and windows as essential features in rooms! Let us 
leave such things for the drafty days of spring and fall, 
and hie ourselves to the open air, where, with only a wall to 
screen our backs and keep off unwelcome drafts, and with a 
roof to cover us from the rain or as a shield from the hot 
sun, give ourselves up to the unalloyed enjoyment of our 
porch sitting-room ! 

And so we bring on to it all sorts of things that may minis- 
ter to our comfort, or which we think will do so. Of chairs 
there must be a plenty, of all sorts, shapes, sizes and kinds. 
Wicker chairs, of course, or wooden ones, for try as we may 
our porch furniture must meet with more or less exposure to 
the weather. Vastly comfortable is much of the modern 
porch furniture, vastly interesting too, and pretty to look at 
as well as conducive to long repose when one has once estab- 
lished oneself within their comfortable depths. Upholstered 
furniture is not always available for porch use, but is quite 
permissible if the porch be deep and broad, and if such 
pieces can be kept in thorough protection from the weather. 

The furnishings, however, do not end with the chairs and 


benches; rather they only begin with them. ‘There must 
be tables, too, and sometimes plenty of them. Just what 
kind and size of table we may use will depend upon the use 
that it is proposed to make of the porch sitting-room. Oft- 
times a porch will be furnished as a dining-room, and then 
the dining-table becomes the most important article of fur- 
niture and may be as large as desired, or as ample as there is 
room for. ‘lhe porch dining-room is, however, rather a 
special kind of porch, used for the most part, for this pur- 
pose alone, and quite more formal than the delightful in- 
formality that is one of the chiefest charms of the porch 
sitting-room. 

Rugs should not be forgotten, and of these there are 
several kinds intended exclusively for porch use. Water 
or weatherproof rugs have a utilitarian advantage over those 
intended especially for house use, and seem to be especially 
available for the porch. The material, however, is some- 
what independent of the question of use, since if one has 
a corps of servants, one or more of whom has especial charge 
of the porch, the care of such articles becomes a mere part of 
administrative detail. The main point in all this furnishing 
is that it be complete and comfortable, and this being the 
case the rug, be it made of what you will, is quite as impor- 
tant for the porch sitting-room as for any of the interior 
rooms of the house. 

Then come the decorative features, and of these the plants 
growing in boxes or bowls or jars, are easily the most impor- 
tant. One may, indeed, be fortunate enough to have a vine- 
covered porch, which brings the foliage right up and on to 
the house. ‘This is a charming form of household decora- 
tion, and when the design of the house and the planting 
scheme of the house grounds permit it should be developed 
to the utmost. Very lovely indeed are such vine-clad 
porches, and very lovely to sit within. But every porch col- 
umn is not adapted to vine growth, and there are many de- 
lightful porch sitting-rooms as bare of vines as though such 
a form of plant never existed. 

But the porch sitting-room is the natural meeting place 
of the house and garden. Such a porch naturally and by 
right overlooks the garden, for there can be nothing more 
unbearable than sitting on the “front” porch and watching 
the dusty procession of automobiles fly along the highway. 
One can not, indeed, sit exactly in the midst of a garden, for 
we poor human beings require various kinds and degrees of 
protection, and are seldom happy, when resting, without a 
roof above us. The porch sitting-room, therefore, naturally 
overlooks the garden, and that there may be no rude un- 
bending line of demarcation between the house and the gar- 
den, we bring on to our porches some choice plant treasures, 
stand them in boxes or jars as handsome as we possess, and 
the work of arrangement is complete. 

How far else one may go in furnishing these outdoor 
rooms is largely a matter of individual taste and the actual 
uses to which they are put. A tea-cart is often useful and is 
always quaint and charming. Of cushions and pillows there 
will be exactly as many as can be spared from the interior 
rooms. Electric lights, when the house is so illuminated, 
should not be forgotten, for there will be many occasions 
on which they will be extremely useful. The creatures that 
fly by night hardly render the use of porch lights available 
for evening purposes, but the power to light should always 
be provided and will be found of frequent utility. 


—— | 
ee a ea 


ide porch 


The generous comfort of the w 


Classic porch of pergola design 


An outlook on to the garden 


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A, hammock is often thoroughly at home An agreeable place for early evening 


f Pleasant Outdoor Resting Places 


The generous comfort of the wide porch A nautical porch 


A vine-clad porch 


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Trellised porch openings of original design Rugs and curtains are necessary to porch comfort A hammock is often thoroughly at home An agreeable place for early evening 


The Porch Sitting-Room: A Group of Pleasant Outdoor Resting Places 


194 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Creating a Small Country Home 


By E. P. Powell 


9 TIEN we have the right sort of common 
7 school education the boys and girls will be 
faced toward the land and land culture 
instead of away from it. The imaginative 
faculties will also be developed as surely 
as the memory and the mathematical facul- 
ties. Instead of a race of calculators and 
riches seekers we shall be likely to get a race of home build- 
ers. Everyone who undertakes to build a home will then 
be able to also plan it for the beautiful as well as the useful. 
He will foresee what he is about to make, and will be able 
to adjust himself to his surroundings. A home must, how- 
ever, always grow, and can never be made out of hand. The 
business of a landscape gardener and of an architect is to help 
others to see for themselves and do for themselves, not to 
relieve them of either do- 
ing or seeing. 

When you go into the 
country you are in search 


BEES WELL 
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ei Se 


of something that looks PLB & PEARS 
attractive, and which you eo a 
= 


th 
like to work at and make 1 @\ 


eee gh 8S vazvav 


through the hollows gently scooped out, or winding around 
a group of trees. Anyway she does not allow you to build, 
as most do, close by the street, and she does not allow long 
straight paths and drives, not as a rule. Those who build 
on the roadside catch all the dust and the noise, and can 
have no real privacy of their own. Such people grow up as 
parts of each other; that is, bits of Tom, Dick and Harry. 
Now, says Nature, I have fixed your land for you, and I 
have shown you where the drives come in easily; you must 
build your house for yourself. The fact is, I do not myself 
believe much in these piles of lumber and brick. My notion 
of a house is made up mostly of verandas, porches and bal- 
conies, with rooms enough inside to shelter one during 
storms. Rational human beings should live out of doors, 
where I have supplied a plenty of oxygen, ozone and sun- 
shine. However, you are 
largely artificial in your 


BOGQ92G9Q09 G9NG09N2999002 makeup— (you call it Civ- 


GAGSFE HES 


\\ if LE sacess 80.09 0000020909064 Xe Joule i lot “a 
A Sari, BERRY GARDEN. to require a costly lot of 


I would 


pa cust carpenter work. 
net get an architect if I 


your permanent home. re a! ie RG en Sle Be. were you, for he will be 
The first thing to do is to | 4§.—— —_- WR ERS Oe ee ag sure to plan for you some- 
walk about such a place = ZAWN AND 3 SHRUBS © _ Se om fe we thing that would stand 
hand in hand with Nature, a ~~ = ay 7 


== ~ SESS 
Se SHADE TREES 
: SS Sn 


HEDGE O 


and let her talk with you. 
Do not bring too many 
notions and whims of your 
own—certainly not city: 
born views. After a while 
you will find that Nature 
has foreseen you, and that 
she has done a great deal in the way of getting ready for 
you. The very first thing for you now is to find out what is 
already done, not what is to be done. Here, says Nature, 
on this high slope is the place for your house. I knew you 
were coming a thousand years ago, and I carved out this 
mound with water, and have covered it fairly well with good 
soil. It is a commanding site where you will not only be 
free from malaria, but you can see the whole landscape—at 
least you can see enough to enrich your mind and charm your 
vision. That brook which comes down from the hills was 
intended for you to use in your garden, then to be bridged 
as it courses through your shrubbery, and finally, down there 
in the hollow you see, you can make a little lakelet of it, 
with rustic seats. I advise you to let it run directly through 
your cellar; to keep your cellar moist—not damp; for run- 
ning water never causes mildew. 

Now Nature will call your attention to the fact that your 
house is going to be quite a distance from the street, and that 
she intends you to have considerable driveway, and that all 
your drives must follow the lines she has prepared; either 


ay 
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its, je 


ven 
sce 
Deere wee cece. Sana ead = Sees SE ery 


Sketch plan of a suburban homestead of one or half an acre 


just as well somewhere 
else. Now there is just one 
=p house that would stand 


ye here, and if you are cute 
TTAE 


mez es enough and _ simple 
pee hearted enough you will 
find out what that house 
is. It will sort of grow 
over you and around you as you find out yourself. Stand 
right here, and look around; off there you have a superb 
valley, and you do not want a house that will not let that 
valley come in at the window. You will want that swell of 
trees, that remnant of original forest also visible. When 
you look out of your library or dining-room or chamber 
you will want all of these fine things looking in to greet you 
and inspire you and make character for you. A house that 
prevents all this is not suitable for a human being. Bal- 
conies and sun-bath windows, and such things will help to 
gather in all these fine things and make them a part of your 
indoor life. But remember this, my friend, if you get a box 
with holes in it, or an architectural display, and call it a 
house, you have made a big blunder. 

Around the house I have arranged slopes, and you will see 
they are mostly easy and graceful. I positively forbid your 
grading and terracing, and other formalities, beyond the 
mere removing of roughnesses. You cannot beat my work 
for beauty and adaptability to your needs—not if you try. 
Right over there on that second knoll is the place for your 


May, 1909 AMERICAN HOME 


barn, and on the slope be- 
low it, as well as above 


GROVE OF : 


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STAND GARDENS 195 
there is a big and rather 


tumble down stone fence, 


OF ALG, 3 


it, is the place for your @. ge one SARA ESS covered with bittersweet 
garden. At this Nature : ep 088 ad ae and mosses; and the whole 
gives your arm a tight Se SES afc affair looks down over a 
pinch, and wishes to know 9 \ ae broad valley, and to the 
: 3 ga “3 4 3 

if you can see these things. Se C) mo Axe age right it peeks through 
Nature has only one text, Se hk S058 Se she % sce rae mountains into a blue dis- 
and that is: ‘He that ee Asem G oondE cee e rata ee joc tance. To the left you 
hath eyes to see let him NI Page BOSS ia ee see a village, and far 
see.’ Other people she @ isreocees= COMPOSTS Bowe beyond that just the edge 
turns over to their non- easeccnessl We Gasol wane t Saiaie: of a city. You will have 


sense, and lets them build 
imitations of city houses 
out on the hillsides. 
There are lots of these affairs strung along the streets and 
stuck up for show. This is why Nature stops talking, and 
looks at you. She wants to know if you have imagination 
enough to see what you ought to create. There are some 
old apple trees in sight, and a grove of lindens. Those apple 
trees, says Nature, are old relics of the earliest white people 
when this country was full of Indians. If you trim them 
rightly they are good for a hundred years yet, so do not 
plan to cut them down. In that linden grove is the place for 
your beehives, and the bees will not only feed themselves 
from the flowers, but feed you. In this way, and in some 
others, Nature works at you to see if she can open your eyes 
to what she has already done to prepare for your coming. 

It is plain that you must not undertake too much at once. 
I know a lot of rich city fellows who are at work creating 
country homes. Most of them have spent a large amount 
of money in grading and leveling, and trying to carry out 
some Grecian ideal. One of them has a Greek portico be- 
hind a wretched lot of untrimmed apple trees, and his half 
finished ideas are scattered over forty acres. It will take 
him ten years to spite Nature, or at least flout all her notions, 
and get his own spaded into the hillside. My impression 
is very strong that this sort of home belongs either in a city 
or close by it. I found in Florida a ninety thousand dollar 
house built on a small lake, with every possible Philadelphia 
appurtenance, and surely the two things did not mingle. To 
make a home in the country means, at the very outset sim- 
plicity and naturalness. To make my view a little more dis- 
tinct I propose to give you two or three plots, of grounds and 
houses, that are easily workable, and will not cost the owner 
all told over five thousand dollars. This sum will not be 
felt, provided the owner has the good sense to begin easy 
and make his home building a growth. Be sure that you 
will see a little better every year, and what you ought to do 
is to work out your advanced seeing in form. N. O. Nel- 
son, the great co-operationist and town builder, gave me this 
compliment, the best I ever had: ‘Well, you have not only 
told others how to do it, but you have gone and done it your- 
self; or rather, you 


Sketch plan of a four-acre homestead 


neighbors enough in the 
distance, and there are cat- 
birds and bluebirds not 
to mention goldfinches for more or less close companions. 

They hop around and scold a little as we walk through the 
acres. ‘The land rolls and pitches, but there is a fine plateau 
that rolls gently toward the roadway that winds down 
through an avenue of oaks. You found this spot when you 
were a boy and your city dreams have been of a chance to 
work and sleep right there. Where you would like to place 
your house there is a grove of chestnut trees, and scattered 
oaks and maples give a superb study of tree contour. We are 
going to have this place, and adjust ourselves to it, and it 
to ourselves. We understand that just as little as possible 
is to be done in the way of change. Even that group of 
sumach bushes must continue to show its crimson every fall. 
We could not improve it by digging up what Nature has 
planted, and placing instead spireas and lilacs. It will never 
do to cut the place up with too many drives and formal 
paths. In New England you will find a good many such 
places as this, where Nature’s hints have been accepted and 
art has been avoided—or rather artfulness. Orchards crown 
the sunny slopes, and gardens are fondled in little rich hol- 
lows, while behind the house one slips naturally into shrub- 
beries, made mostly of native shrubs, and the whole leading 
easily into some glen where the water runs and laughs and 
talks. 

Not a few places in New England are so outlined with 
rocks and hills, by nature, that it is impossible for anyone to 
spoil them. We cannot superimpose artfulness to displace 
the simplicty and gracefulness, and in some cases the rug- 
gedness of Nature’s thought. 

Most of my readers will, however, be compelled to con- 
tent themselves with smaller and plainer places, generally 
not very far removed from town life—places where there is 
not much diversity, and probably neither rocks nor brooks 
and not much in the way of groves and knolls. We will 
visit a four acre homestead, six miles by trolley from a city 
of fifteen thousand people. It is nicely located for garden- 
ing, and the owner proposes not only to get a good share of 
his food from the soil, but to sell a snug Smee. I have 
watched his place 


are always doing grow, and have ad- 
2459 OEE te at sn ssh Yo sta Wa 2 eh Diy DY WL my CORON he) OS See ea : 
it. Sostnts 4, ffi Eats we ia TD vised the owner 
My first chart a apriee = HAD PEGE TADIE CAMDEN, yp vee pee from the outset. 
supposes you to |" 7% Bs aia reapers = om | Here is the chart of 
have happened on Lake Va H it as it stands to- 
an old pasture lot ® f 3 pr day, but the charm 
where no one has “ A of it is that the plan 
ever before Jet him- is very flexible, and 
self go back to Na- a oe es Rott. SR Se 8 OR is modified accord- 
ture. There are 5 a * ae Sp ing to the develop- 
natural arbors made pet a fi nae ESS e. e e ee a 8 ae 4 ment of the owner’s 
out of wild grapes [# (OP sre Br . aaneal laedeas: 
and wild plums; [EVeg= «<\ \N ANS a ie ES a ide * # The whole, you 
Virginia creeper a ae! ag << \’ SN eis Basia see, 1s arranged 
climbs over the HIGHWAY in such a way 
stumps and trees; A naturally planted country place as to save labor 


196 


as well as give heavy profits. The horse cultivator runs 
not only through the berry garden and the vegetable 
garden, but through a small plot of flowers, especially roses. 
The owner gets his home supply from these gardens, and 
sells as follows—that is, this is his record for 1908: Cur- 
rants, I,000 quarts, $100; cherries brought $50; plums, 
$50; raspberries, $150; other berries, $50; honey, $75; 
pears, $75; and apples, including cider and vinegar, $300 
more. These are all rather moderate items; but if you 
summed them up they come to a tidy sum, not far from 
$1,000. His horse and cow are mainly fed by alfalfa cut 
from his orchard and lawns, while a small field of corn fod- 
der adds largely to the milk product. He has, however, to 
pay one hundred dollars per year for additional hay and 
mill feed. His meat bill, beyond eggs and chickens, does 
not exceed fifty dollars per year; his hired help, besides his 
own boys and girls, is less than one hundred dollars; his coal 
bill is greatly reduced by tree trimmings, which furnish wood 
for five summer months. His house is supplied with electric 
lights, and he tells me that it will not be long before the 
same power will furnish him heat, beside doing most of his 
house and barn work. I believe he is right in this anticipa- 
tion, and that we are not far from the day when our houses 
will be without chimneys, furnaces and ashes. ‘There is no 
stint in this man’s family, of fruits of all sorts and their free 
use; while honey is a staple article of daily food. The cow 
furnishes not only enough for the family, of milk and butter 
and cream, but adds her quota to the surplus of sales arti- 
cles. If the family needs an outing, the quiet horse affords 
them an opportunity, through the lanes and by-ways, with- 
out cost or fare. 

I ought to add a sketch for a suburban or village home- 
stead, of a single acre or half an acre. 

Let the drive follow an easy curve around the flower beds 
or among the trees, and, if there be a depression, follow 
that; or a knob or rock, drive around. In other words, try 
here as elsewhere to find out what simple directions Nature 
has to offer you. In these smaller homesteads do not make 
the buildings conspicuous with gaudy paint, and especially 


Sy 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


do not place them any nearer the street than is necessary. 
The first law of country life is a chance for retreat and re- 
tirement, and quite as important is it not to have the dust 
blowing over your trees and flowers and into the house. It 
is impossible to have comfort or beauty under such condi- 
tions. In the little sketch which I have offered I provide for 
the practical as well as the ornamental, and always have it 
in mind that a country place ought to pay its own way—at 
least after the few formative years. I have marked for 
bees and for a small conservatory, on the supposition that 
flowers may be raised for sale. Where this is not a paying 
business, it may be very well to have a surplus of roses, lilies 
and carnations to supply an extra demand upon the florists. 

When I began this series on Making a Country Home 
I promised but three or four articles, but the evident need 
was for the five which I have given you. You are now well 
settled in a country home, surrounded by your gardens of 
all sorts and your orchard. You had time to secure pet 
animals, and to provide for their feed. If you think, how- 
ever, that you have nothing to do but enjoy yourselves you 
will find out. By all means drop your city habits and adjust 
yourselves at once to those demands which Nature will surely 
make. My advice is that you get out of bed at daylight, and 
go to bed with the birds. City work is best done in the mid- 
dle of the day; but country work can be best accomplished 
at the ends of the day, especially in the morning. Do not 
crowd your work, but take an adequate nooning. For this 
I shall expect to see about your place hammocks under the 
trees, and on the broad veranda. I advise you further to 
keep a memorandum of the things that are to be done, for if 
you do not you will never get what a Yankee calls ‘“‘ahead.” 
You will work off the ends of the memorandum, but that list 
of items will never grow shorter. It is the memory in your 


pocket; and its purpose is to save taxing the memory in 
your head. And now if you can never learn to find your joy 
in achievement, so as to make labor beautiful and attractive, 
you had better go back to the city, and content yourself with 
selling what other people have the wit and the grit to grow. 
But be assured the country life offers the most. 


LS 


NNR WR UOT ANN OM OOSNONONYANYOOOATOQONON UNTO OOTOMAOMI ORONO CC CCC OD CU CT 


—— = ————— = LOU 
je Foe ees 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


ra 
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~~ 


Historic Mansions 
of the 


Rappahannock River 


“Sabine Hall” 


One of the Famous 
Carter Homesteads in Virginia 


By Edith Dabney 


N THE north bank of the Rappahannock 
River as one sails up the high-banked 
stream, lie the historic acres of Sabine Hall, 
one of the famous Carter homesteads in 
Virginia. While not an original grant, the 
Sabine Hall estate of two thousand acres is 
formed of several, including the Under- 

wood and Fauntleroy tracts patented in 1650 and bought up 

by Col. Landon Carter in early 1700. 

The father of Colonel Carter, Robert, known as ‘‘King”’ 
Carter, was the first of the name in Virginia, having come 
from England in 1649, and the son of John and Sarah Lud- 
lowe Carter. “King” Carter’s first wife was Judith Armi- 
stead, and the second, Mrs. Elizabeth Willis, daughter of 
Thomas and Mary Landon, of Grednal in the County of 
Hereford, the ancient seat of the Landon family. Of the ten 
children springing from this union Landon, the eighth, mar- 


ried first Elizabeth Wormeley, of Rosegill; second, Maria 
Byrd, of Westover, and, lastly, a Miss Beale; thus it is that 
the Carter name is so intermingled with the Fitzhughs, 
Berkeleys, Champes, Skipwiths, Nelsons, Lees, Braxtons, 
Randolphs, and many others equally distinguished. 

The manor house of Sabine Hall, built on early Georgian 
lines, was erected by “King” Carter for his son in 1730, since 
when it has passed direct from father to son until two gener- 
ations ago, when it would have reverted to a daughter, Mrs. 
Wellford, had she not died before her father, Col. Robert 
Wormeley Carter, who was succeeded in the ownership of 
the superb estate by his grandson, Mr. Robert Carter Well- 
ford, the present possessor. A clearly emphasized fact is 
that throughout its existence Sabine Hall has remained in 
the possession of the original line of Carters, which is par- 
ticularly gratifying, as in only too many beautiful old home- 
steads ‘‘some stranger fills the Stuarts’ throne.” 


H. Landon Carter 


Mrs. Carter 


Councillor Carter 
Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds in ] 749 


FAMILY PORTRAITS AT SABINE HALL 


The old-time gate keeper at Sabine Hall 


The approach to the estate is over a surpassingly lovely 
wooded roadway over a mile in length, canopied with white 
petalled dogwood and rosy laurel in the months of spring 
time, and a mass of brilliant color when the first frost comes 
to silhouette the red berried hollies against a background of 
winter snow. On reaching the brick lodge, with its great 
white gate, the stranger guest is treated to a picture of olden 
days in the keeper, an old negress with red bandana and 
courtesying manner, who lifts the latch to let one through. 

From the lodge to the manor house stretches a thickly 
turfed park of twenty-five acres where oaks and sycamores, 
hickories and elms afford dense shade, and are lined with 
precision into a stately avenue showing nature at her most 
lavish and best. ‘The landscape architecture of this wind- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


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The beautiful mahogany stairway 


ing driveway gives exquisite glimpses of the river flowing 
beyond, and just before reaching the lawn proper, branches 
to both right and left, joining again in front of the mansion, 
giving thus a dignified and easy entrance or exit around the 
well-mown circle. 

The grounds, with their incomparable greensward, are 
adorned here with blue blossomed catalpa trees, or there with 
a group of maples, while dotted about in careless fashion are 
ashes and lindens, walnuts and oaks, venerable monarchs of 
an early forest. A giant sycamore lends its ample shade on 
one side of the house, rivaled only by magnificent ailanthus 
trees, the pride of the estate. On the land side these beau- 
tiful grounds slope gently to the wooded vales below, grad- 
ually losing themselves in the forest of many miles in extent. 


Built on early Georgian lines, the brick originally laid in Flemish bond are now covered with a wash of gray cement 


May, 1909 


The river front is 
given over to the ter- 
raced gardens, 
where old-fashioned, 
box-edged flower 
squares, stocked and 
laid off in the quaint 
Colonial fashion, al- 
ternate with clumps 
of pure white snow- 
balls and delicate 
lilacs or sweet-smell- 
ing calycanthus. 
Narrow prim and 
pebbly walks  out- 
lined with spring 
narcissus and early 
snowdrops, April 
cowslips or violet 
beds lead through 
and over the terraces 
which are separated 
from the lowlier 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Lodge gate at Sabine Hall 


199 

Rolling for nearly 

a mile beyond the 
fruitful orchards 
and garden terraces 
Ateatne Vert dant 
fields and meadow 
lands which slope <o 
the very river edge. 
The bricks of 
which the mansicn 
was built were made 
on the place, and 
while originally laid 
in Flemish bond, 
were washed with 
cement some genera- 
tions ago and pre- 
sent now a soft 
gray tone which con- 
trasts harmoniously 
with the white stone 
facings and dark 
green window 


kitchen garden by magnificent boxwood hedges unequaled in blinds. A quaint one-story wing extends out on the left to 
height and symmetry by any in the country. Planted there which English ivy clings with the picturesque tenacity of 
when America was very young, these marvelous hedges have years. 


fought the fires and strifes and wars of centuries, living 
to-day as they did in a time that is long since dead. 


a TL 


1 


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7 ps 


The stately portico on the land front of the double-fronted 
mansion is supported by four massive columns of the Tuscan 


The river front of the mansion. The terrace gardens abound with old-fashioned flower squares and with a profusion of snowball and lilac trees 


(k 


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A portrait of “King” Carter by Sir Joshua Reynolds hangs in the great central hall 


order, which in height equal that of the building. ‘These 
columns are of hand-hewn solid cypress. The floor of the 
portico is flagged, as is that of the long verandah on the 
river front. 

The massive entrance doors lead directly into a ten-foot 
hall which runs the depth of the house. This hallway, rich 
in paneling and carved wainscoting, is tinted in two shades 
of terra cotta, against which the choice mahogany furniture 
and rare old portraits show 
to the greatest advantage. 
The portrait hanging over 
the sofa placed near one end 
of the hall is of “King” 
Carter and boasts Sir 
Joshua Reynolds as its 
painter. Still another 
Reynolds masterpiece that 
hangs at Sabine Hall is of 
Councilor Carter, the 
brother of Landon, which 
was done during a visit to 
England in 1749. 

Opening out of the hall 
on the right as one enters is 
the drawing-room, paneled 
from floor to ceiling, and 
further adorned by very 
beautiful cornices. The 
walls here are colored a soft 
French gray, while the cor- 
nices, door and window 
framework are painted 
white. In this room, in fact 
throughout the entire man- 
sion, are bits of the furni- 
ture originally placed there. 

The dining-room c on- 
nects directly with the draw- 
ing-room, and for its charm- 
ing, old-fashioned simplicity 


AMERICAN HOMES 


in i 


AND GARDENS May, 1909 
may be called the piece de 
résistance of the delightful 
Colonial home. ‘The un- 
usual paneled walls are 
hung with matchless family 
portraits; the buffets and 
corner cupboards groan 
under a wealth of silver 
and plate, and the rare 
Lowestoft and willow ware 
have for centuries been the 
envy of those not so lav- 
ishly blessed. 

But perhaps it is in the 
cheery library placed across 
the hall that one finds great- 
est interest, for treasured 
here are many rare books 
and historic manuscripts of 
Colonel Carter’smtinse 
Every inch of this room is 
filled with romantic associa- 
tions; each nook and angle 
has its own particular story. 
In the library is the table, 
worn by time and hallowed 
by years, around which such 
men as Washington and 
Peyton Randolph often sat, 
seeking for council or en- 
joying their ease. If it is true that the greatest ornaments 
of a house are its guests, surely no mansion was ever more 
brilliantly adorned than Sabine Hall, the very name of which 
calls forth a procession of ghostly figures who once wined and 
dined, danced and slept under its broad, hospitable roof. 
Cherished among the most priceless possessions are auto- 
graph letters showing the names of Washington, Lafayette, 
Richard Henry Lee and other distinguished men of the day. 


NTN 


Every part of the library is filled with romantic associations 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


201 


Watercress Culture in France 


By Jacques Boyer 


HE watercress (nasturtium officinale) 
grows spontaneously on the banks of shal- 
low running streams. In former times the 
markets were supplied entirely with wild 
watercress, which was sometimes gathered 
at great distances, but this cruciferous plant, 
which possesses stimulating and blood-puri- 

fying properties, is now cultivated on a very large scale in 

the suburbs of large cities. This rather picturesque variety 
of gardening is conducted in trenches flooded with water, 
by a system which originated in the environs of Dresden and 

Erfurt, and was introduced into France about the year 1811. 

The most celebrated watercress farms in France are situ- 
ated near Provins, at the sources of the rivers Voulzie 
and Durteint, and at St. Gratien and its neighboring villages, 
near Paris. In establishing a plantation, the first operation 
is the excavation, in well-watered meadow land, of parallel 
trenches 150 to 250 feet long, eight to thirteen feet wide, 
with an average depth of sixteen or twenty inches, and a very 
gentle slope (1 to 800 or 1,000). Each trench is separated 
from the next by a strip of grass about a yard in width. 

The first trench is supplied with water directly from a stream 

or artesian well. On reaching the end of the trench the water 

flows through an underground tile pipe to the second trench, 
from the other end of which it flows through a similar pipe 

into the third trench, and so on. The water thus pursues a 

serpentine course through the field, its flow being regulated 


t= 
SiS 
Aa NI 


by gates at each end of the course. Experience has proved 
that a trench 150 feet long and ten feet wide requires twelve 
or thirteen gallons of water per minute. 

The plantation having once been established, some culti- 
vators confine their attention to renewing it occasionally 
by cuttings. They select young, vigorous shoots bearing ad- 
ventitious roots and plant them in little bunches, with the 
dibber, in the trenches at intervals of from two to four 
inches. ‘The earth is then heaped up about the shoots, and 
the trenches are flooded to a depth of two inches. The 
water level is gradually raised as the plants increase in 
height, care being taken to avoid submerging them entirely. 

But if abundant crops are desired it is better to sow water- 
cress seed every year. The old plants are raked off and the 
mud is removed with an implement which is called a rabot, 
or plane, and consists of a board fixed tranversely on the end 
of a pole. The dry bottom of the trench is next strewn with 
well-rotted stable manure, or with superphosphate of lime, 
each acre receiving about three tons of manure or nine hun- 
dred pounds of superphosphate. The beds are now ready 
for sowing. As the seed of watercress is very fine, an ounce 
containing more than 120,000 seeds and a grain more than 
250, the sower stands on a board thrown across the trench 
and holds his hand as low as possible, in order to prevent 
the seed being blown away or distributed irregularly by the 
wind. Each year, as a rule, half the beds are re-seeded. 

Two weeks after sowing, when the young plants are well 


A watercress plantation 


202 


out of the ground, a small stream 
of water is admitted and the flow 
gradually and cautiously increased. 
At this time the importance of 
proper grading becomes evident, 
for if the trenches are not correctly 
graded the seedlings will be washed 
away from some places and accum- 
ulated in others. If the plants are 
distributed unevenly for this or 
other reasons it is a good plan to 
space them uniformly by trans- 
planting five weeks after sowing. 

Harvesting begins a month later, 
or within ten weeks of sowing, and 
continues throughout the year, ex- 
cept in the very cold weather, when 
the trenches are covered with straw 
to protect the plants from freezing. 
The harvester, wearing knee- 
guards to one of which a bundle of 
split osiers is attached by a strap, 
kneels on a stout plank laid across 
the trench and cuts the stalks, one 
by one, with a knife, following the 
direction of the current of water. 
As he gathers the plants he re- 
moves all dead leaves and forms the cresses into bunches, 
tied with osier, which he throws on the bank beside him. In 
spring a good harvester can gather 120 bunches in an hour, 
but in summer, when it is necessary to remove the flowers, 
he cannot accomplish quite so much, and in winter he is able 
to gather only about sixty bunches per hour. Even in win- 
ter, if the weather permits, the harvesters work from sun- 
rise until three o’clock in the afternoon. In spring each 
trench can be cut once a fortnight, but an interval of twenty- 
five days is necessary in winter. 

The bunches of watercress are carried in wheelbarrows to 
the washing shed, where they are again examined for defect- 
ive leaves, washed in a large tank, and packed in oval bas- 
kets four feet high, each of which holds twenty dozen 
bunches. [Each layer of bunches forms a single ring in con- 
tact with the side of 
the basket, leaving 
an open space in the 
center. Owing to 
this arrangement 
the cresses are not 
deprived of light 
and air during 
transit, and_ they 
reach their destina- 
tion in good condi- 
tion. 

Fertilizers are 
applied to the beds 
after each cutting, 
and the roller is fre- 
quently drawn 
along the trenches 
for the purpose of 
rooting the plants 
in the soft mud. 
For the same pur- 
pose, and also in or- 
der to incorporate 
the fertilizer with 
the mud, the beds 


are beaten, after 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A small watercress bed 


Washing and packing bunches of watercress 


May, 1909 


cutting and fertilizing, with a plank 
twelve inches wide and more than 
four feet long, attached perpendic- 
ularly to the end of a pole six feet 
in length. One of the photographs 
shows two men walking at the sides 
of the trench and performing this 
operation, which is peculiar to the 
culture of watercress. In winter a 
beater, with a perforated blade par- 
allel to the handle, is used. 

In large watercress farms it is 
customary to reserve the plants in 
one or more of the best trenches for 
seed, which is gathered in the latter 
part of June. Specialists in water- 
cress distinguish two varieties, pale 
and dark green. ‘The pale cress is 
the favorite. It has larger leaves 
than the other variety, but is less 
robust and more easily killed by 
cold. 

At Provins cutting is suspended 
from the middle of May to the 
middle of August. During the 
nine months of harvest a trench 
230 feet long, seeded annually, 
yields about 12,000 bunches. 

Watercress can be raised on a small scale, for family use, 
without this elaborate system of trenches and without hay- 
ing a brook or an artesian well. It is merely necessary to dig 
a shallow pit in a well-shaded spot or on the north side of a 
hill, and to fill it with water. It is advisable, but not abso- 
lutely necessary, to cover the water with osier mats or wood 
netting. Cuttings of watercress are then strewn over the 
surface of the water. They soon take root and grow, and 
in three weeks the cress is ready for use. It is not necessary 
to provide a continual supply of fresh water, but the pit 
must be kept full of water and fertilizers should be strewn 
over it every three weeks. In this way an ample supply of 


watercress for a family can be obtained almost without ex- 
pense. 


In cutting it is advisable to select the tallest plants, 
or some of those 
that are most 
crowded, thus ad- 
mitting light and air 
to those which are 
ents 

Another _ simple 
method of culture is 
recommended by 
Vilmorin- Andriaux. 
A trench ten inches 
deep, three eirevemn 
wide, and of any 
length is excavated, 
preferably on the 
northern slope of a 
hill. The bottom 
of the trenehgs 
hardened by tread- 
ing, and covered 
with a layer of rich 
soil mixed with leaf 
mold or compost. 
which is gently 
pressed into a con- 
cave form. The bed 
is watered copi- 


May, 


1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


203 


Cutting and bunching watercress 


ously, allowed to dry, and sown, the seed being lightly cov- 
ered with leaf mold applied with a sieve. The bed must be 
kept moist and a little leaf mold should be applied after 
each cutting. In this, as in all methods of culture, all weeds 
should be removed with the rake or by hand, and the plants 
should occasionally be entirely submerged for a few days, or 
sprinkled very copiously, in order to destroy insect enemies. 

Watercress culture, in fact, save on a large scale, offers 
little dithculty and affords a crop readily grown and always 
available for table use. Its extensive cultivation calls for a 
somewhat considerable outlay, and some care must be taken 
to obtain the best results; but even in its most developed 
form it has few complications, and the crop yields are always 
ample. 


In the towns mentioned it forms, as I have stated, a dis- 
tinctive industry, a circumstance often observable in France, 
where the localization of industries, especially of farm or 
outdoor industries, are often highly developed and special- 
ized in certain localities. he average visitor to Provins may 
well have an enjoyable time at this ancient town without so 
much as gaining any notion of the existence of the watercress 
industry or even so much as seeing it. Provins is, in truth, a 
place of the deepest interest. It is but ninety-five kilometers 
from Paris, and hence is within easy reach of the French 
capital. It consists of an old and new town, the former of 
which still retains the physiognomy of the Middle Ages, 
with most of its ancient walls and many old buildings of 
great historic importance. 


Pressing down the roots which have been loosened in harvesting 


A House Built for J. L. Johnson, Esq., at Hackensack, N. J. 


By Paul Thurston 


R. JOHNSON’S house at Hackensack, N. J., illus- 
trated on these pages, is a particularly good ex- 
ample of the “small house which is good.’ The 
site, in this case, is very fortunate, for it is on a 

high ridge of land, 
with a good outlook 
in all directions; 
and the lot, which 
is seventy-five feet in 
width, is sufficiently 
large to lay out sim- 
jple and = attractive 
grounds, and have 
the house stand suf- 
ficiently isolated 
from its neighbors 
to show off to its 
full advantage. 
The key-note of 
the design is sim- 
plicity. The plan, 
as well as the exte- 
rior, gains its dis- 
tinction by its rigid 
adherence to this 
principle. There 
is no front hall, the 
entrance door open- 
ing directly into the 
living-room, and the 
stairs ascending also 


from this room. The large piazza, inclosed by screens in 
summer and glass in winter, opens with glass doors into this 
living-room, and is heated and furnished the same as the 
rest of the house. 


Odd-shaped windows and projections of 


every description, 
such as bay win- 
dows, have been 
omitted. The ex- 
terior is covered 
with old-fashioned 
shingles, exposing 
twelve inches to the: 
weather.  Whtesie 
shingles are painted 


white, and the 
blinds, eaves, gut- 
ters and frome 
porch pale green. 
The addition of 
green and _ white 


awnings, and very 
simple, but carefully 
planned planting, 
help the _ general 
effect of the house 
The inte rigor 
views show a very 
comfortable and liv- 
able arrangement. 
A certain spa- 
ciousness is obtained 


Se mis 3 
PANTRY 
| KITCHEN = [J 
feta 
= ie 2 DINING ROM 
a l | l 
iF : | 
7Al\\\\ a 
VERANDA 


LIVING FROOM i 


FIRST FLOOR PLAN 


SECOND FLOOR PLAN 


The floor space of the first and second floors is economically divided into rooms 


May, 1909 


in the living-room 
by the omission of 


the usual space de- 


voted to the hall, 
thereby giving suf- 
ficient space for a 
grand piano or 
other large pieces 
of furniture, and to 
entertain comforta- 
bly a very much 
larger number oft 
people than general- 
ly accommodated in 
the ordinary house 
of this size. 

The living-room 
is treated with an 
ivory-white painted 
trim, while the walls 
are treated in a soft 
yellow tone blend- 
ing well with the 
color scheme of the 
trim. Broad win- 
dow seats are built 
in either side of the 
entrance, which 
have cushions up- 
holstered in a dull 
blue velvet.- The 
large open fireplace 
is built of red brick 
laid in white mor- 
tar, and is finished 
with a mantel of 
Colonial des ign. 
Bookcases are built 
in at either side of 
the fireplace and to 
the height of the 
mantel shelf. 

The dining-room 
also has an_ ivory- 
white painted trim, 
with wall treated in 
gece ltt blue. A 
plate rack extends 
around the room, 
on which are placed 
many old pieces of 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The dining-room is treated with a blue and white color scheme 


205 


A door from the 
dining-room opens 
into the butler’s 
pantry, which is fit- 
ted with shelves, 
cupboards and dress- 
ers, while another 
door opens into the 
kitchen, which is 
provided with ll 
the best modern fix- 
tures, including the 
range and hearth, a 
sink, laundry tubs, 
and dresser. The 
lobby is _ large 
enough to admit 
an ice-box. 

The second story 
contains four bed- 
rooms, five large 
and well-fitted clos- 
ets, and a bath- 
room. The last 
is furnished with 
porcelain _ fixtures 
and _nickelplated 
plumbing. The va- 
rious rooms are 
treated with a par- 
enew ilar Colon 
scheme with white 
painted trim in all 
rooms. One of the 
front rooms has an 
open fireplace, with 
brick facings and 
hearth. 

The house stands 
as an example of an 
extremely small and 
modest home, 
which has, by virtue 
of its extreme sim- 
plicity, a greater 
distinction than any 
of its much more 
pretentious neigh. 
bors, and is the 
work of Messrs. 


Mann & Macneille, 


blue china of the willow pattern. A plain blue rug is architects of New York. ‘The three photographs and plans 


placed on the floor and Arts and Crafts furniture of a soft 


brown finish is used. 


that accompany this article illustrate the house in its most 


vital parts and present it in quite complete form. 


206 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


Ants and Bees as Pets 


By Percy Collins 


N RECENT years many persons have been 
hard at work with the object of making 
nature study simple and easy. They have 
foreseen that if it were possible to devote 
a few odd minutes at any time of the day 
to observing plant or animal life, and this 
without passing the door of one’s study oi 

sitting-room, thousands of individuals would gladly avail 
themselves of such a chance. In a word, the aim of these 
workers has been to bring nature, as far as may be, into the 
lives of those whose daily duties will not allow them to go to 
her. Of the wonderful success which has attended these 
efforts space will not permit me to write in detail. Suffice 
it to say that there are all manner of contrivances by means of 
which plants and animals of many kinds may be grown and 
reared in captivity, and this without any serious loss of time 
on the part of their owner. But perhaps the most wonderful 
inventions of this kind are devices for keeping ants and bees 
as pets. Thanks to the experiments of Avebury, Fields and 
others, it is now a simple matter for anybody who may be so 
disposed, to observe the ways of these insects. 

Let us suppose that the reader wishes to keep under ob- 
servation a colony of any small species of ground ant—say 
the little yellow field ant. A snug home may be contrived 
for the insects out of an ordinary photographic printing 
frame. ‘The first thing to do is to weaken the spring clips 
somewhat, by bending, in order to ease the pressure when 
the frame is closed. The reason for this precaution will be 
apparent shortly. Now get two clear sheets of glass, half- 
plate size, and three narrow strips that will fit together be- 
tween the big sheets as shown in the diagram. ‘The thick- 
ness of these narrow slips is an important consideration. 
They must be just thick enough to allow an ant to crawl 
about between the two big sheets of glass. If they are 
thicker than this the ants are liable to pile up grains of earth, 
and thus obscure the view of their doings. 

Now cut a notch in the side of your printing frame right 
down to the flange upon which the glass rests. “Chen put 
in the lower sheet of glass, arrange the three narrow strips 
upon it, and you will be ready to capture your ants, and 
transfer them to their new homes. ‘This is more easy to 


q 


Giving the ants their fortnightly supply of honey 


talk about than to accomplish, and the reader will probably 
make one or two abortive attempts before he succeeds. 
Rapidity is the great thing. 

Lake your ‘‘cage’’ into the open, then stir up the ants’ 
nest, and quickly transfer to the sheet of glass as many ants, 
larve, pupa, etc., as you judge will be accommodated when 
the second sheet of glass is put into place and pressed down. 
This is most easily managed with a small spoon, and one 
must not forget to put in a certain amount of fine earth for 
the ants to build with. 

As soon as these operations have been effected, the top 
sheet of glass must be put into place, covered by the back of 
the printing frame, and all clamped down. ‘The formi- 
carium (as the ants’ cage is termed) is now to be supported 
in a shallow pan of water, so that when the ants come abroad 
they may be kept within bounds. No ant will willingly enter 
water, but they will pass down the little pathway, which 
should be provided for their use, drink, and carry moisture 
back to the nest for the use of the larve. 

Between your sheets of glass you now have a mass of soil 
and ants apparently in hopeless confusion. But leave the 
formicarium alone for a few hours, and then take a peep at 
it. You then see that the confusion, though very marked 
at first, is really anything but hopeless. The ants gradually 
settle down to the new conditions of life in which they find 
themselves. They excavate chambers and passages in the 
soil—a vast chamber for the queen, if you have been lucky 
enough to entrap her majesty, and many smaller ones for 
nurseries. ‘They collect together all the scattered grubs and 
pupe they can find, sort them according to age, and begin 
at once to groom and caress them. ‘They even contrive a 
special spot to be used exclusively as a cemetery, whither they 
convey the dead and hopelessly injured members of their 
colony. 

In a very short space of time, in fact, confusion has given 
place to well ordered activity, and the ants go about their 
daily toil as though nothing out of the common had happened 
to them. And now the pleasure of your formicarium is 
manifest. ‘The space between the upper and the lower glass 
is only just sufficient for an ant to walk about in comfort; 
so that in forming the galleries and chambers the ants are 


Administering moisture to the ants 


May, 1909 


obliged to make use of the 
glass as roof and floor. 
Thus their doings are 
plainly visible from with- 
out, and by means of a 
tripod magnifying glass 
their every action may be 
watched with perfect ease. 

In contriving one of the 
handy formicariums, the 
springs of the photo frame 
must always be weakened, 
otherwise the pressure will 
prove too great and crack 
the glass. Much larger 
homes for ants may be 
made on the same prin- 
ciple, as shown herewith. 
In such cases it is best to 
cement the narrow slips of 
- glass upon the large sheet which is to form the floor, thus 
forming a kind of very shallow tray, one opening, about an 
inch across, being left as the entrance. When the ants have 
been placed upon this tray, the upper sheet of glass is clamped 
into position with strong steel clips, and a wad of cotton is 
used to plug the entrance lest the ants 
should attempt to stray. In most cases, 
however, the insects will soon settle down 
happily in their new quarters, affording 
their owner the means of much pleasur- 
able observation. 

But do not pet ants call for a great deal 
of care if they are to be kept healthy? The 
question is a natural one, and the answer 
will come to many readers as a surprise. 
For, despite what may be asserted to the 
contrary, pet ants require hardly any atten- 
tion at all. Once a month, during the hot 
weather—perhaps once a fortnight when 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Studying bees in an observatory hive 


207 


which they carry about 
from one side of the formi- 
carium to the other in the 
hope of finding shelter for 
them. Therefore, when 
observing your ants do so 
as much as possible in a 
subdued light; and when 
not observing them be sure 
that the glass top of their 
home is covered. By this 
means you will add ma- 
terially to the happiness of 
your ants, and they will 
repay you by thriving 
from day to day. Ants 
carefully tended according 
to the simple directions 
which have been given will 
live for years in captivity. 

Pet bees are, if possible, more interesting than pet ants, 
while in keeping them one experiences the novelty of enjoying 
honey which one has actually seen being made. Bees may 
safely be kept in any ordinary room, upon a side table, pro- 
vided they are housed in a small observation hive. Briefly, 
this is a diminutive hive, made to carry one, 
two or three of the regulation “frames,” 
but with glass sides in place of the usual 
wooden ones. Darkness for the inmates is 
secured by means of blinds or screens when 
the bees are not actually under observation. 
But as bees must have liberty throughout 
the summer, and as it would be highly un- 
pleasant to have them streaming through 
one’s door and windows at all hours of the 
day, the entrance of their home is con- 
nected by a tube with a one-inch hole in the 
nearest window sash. ‘Through this tube 
the bees go merrily to their labors among 


the atmosphere is very dry—the formi- 
carium should be gently tilted, and about 
a teaspoonful of water poured into the nest 
—more or less according to its size. After- 
ward a little honey should be inserted, and then the cotton 
plug may be replaced. With this small periodic supply of 
honey and water the ants will be perfectly contented and 
healthy; while in winter they need nothing at all, for the 
cold weather renders them dormant and inactive. 

One thing, however, is essential for the well- 
being of these underground ants, and this is dark- 
ness. If left long in a strong light the little insects 


we 


= © 
OSL LLOS A r y 
LAE Lo LLLP TALE LLL OOOO y 


How the narrow strips of glass are arranged upon the lower 
or “floor’’ glass in impromptu formicarium 


evince every sign of extreme distress, especially in 
regard to their young—the larve and pupe— 


Workers surrounding the Queen in 
the ants’ nest 


the flowers; through it they return laden 
with honey. So that by means of these 
observation hives one may witness the stor- 
ing of honey, and all the intricate details 
of bee life, and yet never be stung, or in any way incon- 
venienced by the going and coming of the insects. 

It will be quite possible for the reader, should he have a 
smattering of carpentering at his disposal, to construct an 
observation hive for himself, converting any old wooden box 


A simple kind of formicarium 


208 


to this end. ‘he necessary measure- 
ments of the regulation frames to be 
accommodated, etc., can be obtained 
from any handbook on bee keeping, 
while the same source will supply in- 
formation on the subject of install- 
ing a swarm of bees in its new home. 
But unless the would-be student ot 
insect life has already had some ex- 
perience of practical bee-keeping on 
a large scale, he will do well to enlist 
the services of an established apiar- 
ist when he is ready to put bees into 
his observation hive—otherwise he 
may experience difficulties and dan- 
gers greater than he bargained for. Once the bees are 
established, however, they will give no further trouble, while 
they will prove a constant source of pleasure, and may be- 
come actually profitable. Even in big cities, where bees are 
restricted to the limited number of flowers to be found in 
window boxes, back gardens, and the ornamental beds of 
parks and open spaces, the insects contrive to collect honey 
in considerable quantity. This the writer can vouch for 
from actual experience. 
Then, too, the owner of an 
observation hive may try all 
manner of experiments on 
his bees, such as marking a 
bee with a spot of paint, 
and recording the number 
of hours which it devotes to 
labor each day. He may 
see, also, the cute way in 
which his pets accept a rank 
of artificial comb, stamped 
by machinery, and thus save 
themselves the weary proc- 
ess of wax making. To the writer this acceptance of aid 
offered by mankind appears to be among the most remark- 
able of all bee traits. 

It may be said that it is quite possible to keep wasps in 
a roomy observation hive. ‘They are fascinating pets, 
and afford infinite diversion by their elaborate paper- 
making schemes, by means of which the nest is enlarged 
and sheltered. But it is a very dificult matter to trans- 
fer a colony of wasps to a hive; and the reader will be 
well advised to refrain from at- 
tempting the task, at least until he 
has had some experience with bees, 
which insects are less fierce in dis- 
position, and have less powerful 
stings. 

While it is quite true one may 
obtain a substantial amount of 
honey from an observation hive, it 
is hardly to be expected that any- 
one will maintain these useful in- 
sects in this way for that purpose 
chiefly or alone. The honey one 
may take from these hives is, in 
fact, apt to be but comparatively 
small in amount, and quite a second- 
ary product of the whole business. 
The merit of the observation hive 
is its exceeding interest and its won- 
derful mystery. Here there is no 
limit, and one may watch and study 
the busy little creatures for hours 
without really finding out what they 


Artificial comb made by 
machinery 


The ants’ nest. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The observatory hive with door open 


The plug of cotton seals the 
only entrance 


May, 1909 


are doing, or what is accomplished 
by their ceaseless movements. But 
the interest they excite is always 
present. ‘There is always something 
going on. There is very much going 
on, and going on all the time. It is 
the mystery of insect life that excites 
one’s interest in this wonderful ac- 
tivity, with the added interest that 
you know that a definite insect prod- 
uct is being manufactured immedi- 
ately under your eyes, a product, 
perchance, for your own delectation. 

I have written of these two curi- 
ous forms of insect life and told, in 
a very brief way, how they can be maintained on the library 
table or at any convenient point within the house, because 
the love of animals seems deeply ingrained in the human 
heart. And I submit that no animals can be kept with less 
trouble than ants and bees. If, at first blush, it may appear 
a bit strange to look upon these curious creatures as pets, 
the notion falls away immediately, I am sure, when the ways 
of keeping them, and the easy means of observation that may 
be provided are made 
known. One may not, in- 
deed, be prepared to take 
the ants and bees out of 
their strange homes and 
fondle them, but one can 
always watch them, always 
study them, always learn 
something from them. 

No other form of animal 
life may be kept within the 
house so neatly and so 
readily. Practically no care 
is: required. ‘The keeping 
places or houses are, to all intents and purposes hermetically 
sealed, and one has but to roll up a curtain or lift a cloth to 
have all the mysteries of the insect’s private life displayed 
for all who may wish to view them. And this is something 
accomplished. Many interesting forms of animal life can 
not be maintained within the house because the creatures are 
unpleasant or their care involves too many difficulties. But 
the ants and bees will flourish everywhere, and may every- 
where be objects of interest. 


Comb made by 


bees 


Examining captive ants in 
the formicarium 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


209 


“Penllyn House,’ the Residence of Arthur King Wood, Esq. 


Ardsley-on-Hudson, New York 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


BNA ENLLYN HOUSE” represents an excel- 
lent example of the English villa house, and 
Messrs. Ewing and Chappell, of New York, 
who designed it, have made a very suc- 
cessful attempt to reproduce the character 
of its prototype and carry it out in this 
particular style of architecture. The situa- 
tion of the house is fortunate, for it has enough ground 
around it to allow a good scope for the efforts of the land- 
scape gardener. 

The estate is not a large one, but all of it is under cultiva- 
tion. The rear of the building is shown in the illustration, 
and the covered porch as well as the terrace. 
over which an awning is hung in sum- 
mer, faces the south and is so 
arranged that the view extends 
over the garden which is 
planned to be laid out at 
this part of the prop- 
erty. 

The entrance to the 
house is reached di- 
rect from the street, 
with a walk leading 
to the vestibule. 
This walk is_ bor- 
dered on either side 
by a hedge which 
returns near _ the 
street line and ex- 


ee — e 
TIRRARERRARARARAAAS 
AB Lada cal 


tends along the boundary of the property. The exterior of 
the house is covered with a cement gray stucco, while the 
trimmings are of chestnut and finished with a soft brown 
stain. ‘The rails are painted white. The roof is covered with 
shingles and stained a brilliant red. The many-pointed ga- 
bles and the chimneys with their chimney pots are characteris- 
tic of its style. A careful study of the plans will convey a 
better idea of the interior arrangement and it will show the 
entrance to the house, which is placed quite differently from 
the entrance to the usual house, for it opens into the side of 
the living-hall. This great living-hall is trimmed with cy- 
press. In common with the white richness of the interior 
decoration, the woodwork is finished in Flemish 
brown, darkened as with age, bringing 
out the soft grain of the wood. The 
walls are in a brown mortar fin- 
ish, with rough surfaces and 
are tinted in colors. 

The hall has a unique 
staircase, which is re- 
cessed in a_ broad 
landing, from which 
the stairs to the sec- 
ond_ story ascend. 
This broad landing is 
lighted effectively by 
a great window ex- 
tending up to the 
hit dantoor aanid 
glazed with leaded 


A gray stucco exterior with brown chestnut trim 


210 


glass) Dull blue 
denim curtains are 
hung from a pole ex- 
tending across from 
the top of the win- 


AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


with an over-drapery 
of turkey-red cloth. 
Similar material is 
used for the furniture 
covering in summer. 


dows, with excellent 
effect. Japanese lan- 


Sliding doors open | 
from the living-room 


- CHAMBER + 


. 5) L 
terns and tables, old De a: SERVANTS into the dining-room, ( 
ss -O x -O ‘ 5 . Q 
brass candlesticks and » NuRSERY- es which has also another 


19.6% 17-0" entrance from _ the | 
hall. It is finished 
with a white painted 
trim. The feature of the room is 
the brick fireplace, with its handsome 
mantel and paneled overmantel. A 
Hepplewhite sideboard with mantel 
mirror hangs over it, and Hepplewhite 
dining-chairs, are characteristic of the 
good taste displayed in furnishing the 


pots complete a_har- 
monious furnishing of 
the hall. An attractive 
vista is obtained from 
the hall, through the 
den, to the living- 
room. 

The den is fitted up 
with bookcases built 
in, willow furniture, 


- CHAMBER - 
10-6°x 11-0" 


and a desk. It forms an entrance to the vp house. The exposed 


living-room; which extends from the front side of the room has 


fOmtmemnreare Oba thie 
house, and is exposed 
on three sides; the 
rear having two glass 
doors which open on 
to the covered porch, 
from which broad 
vistas are obtained 
of the garden. 

The side wall is 
divided by a great 
open fireplace with 
brick facings and 
hearth, and a mas- 
sive mantel and over- 
mantel extending to 
themeciling. Thin 
muslin curtains are 
hung at the windows 


DINING Reom- 


-Living Raom- 


“—_[=GALLERY 


French _ windows 
opening on to the ter- 
race, which is fre- 
quently used for din- 
ing uses in the warm 
weather. From the 
dining-room a door 
opens into the but- 
ler’s pantry fitted 
with a sink, drawers 
and dressers. An- 
other door opens into 
the kitchen, which is 


trimmed with cypress finished in the 
natural wood. This kitchen contains 
all the best modern conveniences. 

The woodwork on the second floor is 
stained a gray color, and the walls are 
natural sand finish. ‘This floor is divided 


May, 1909 


into bedrooms, consist- 
ing of the owner’s suite 
of two rooms and bath, 
and the two guest rooms 
and bath. The owner’s 
rooms have an open fire- 
place with tiled facings 


and mantel. The bath- 
rooms have porcelain 
fixtures and exposed 


nickelplated plumbing. 
This floor also contains 
the servants’ quarters 
and bath, which are 
placed over the kitchen 
extension and are 
reached from a private 
stairway from the 
kitchen. 

The third floor is de- 
voted to an open attic, 
which is fitted up with a 
stage for amusement 
purposes. <A _ heating 
apparatus, fuel rooms and cold-storage space is provided in 
the cellar. 

The interior decorations of the house, including the fur- 
nishings, wall decorations, hangings and rugs of each room, 
have been. carried out to maintain an effect of harmony in 
color throughout the house. 

The merits of this house should be apparent to every 
reader. First and foremost, it is picturesque in design. It is 
an orderly picturesqueness, if I may use the phrase, for, 
while the silhouette offers a varied grouping of gables and 
roofing, it is, on the whole, thoroughly well ordered and 
carried out with marked restraint. But the picturesque ex- 
terior is directly derived from the picturesque plan, the suc- 
cess of which is the foundation of the success of the whole. 
Thus the entrance is effected by means of a porch that stands 
at the base of a recessed wall. This, in its turn, is buttressed 
by two projecting wings, each of which has its own gable, 
which, being merged into the bolder lines of the main roof, 
give an immensely picturesque effect to the entrance front. 

The plan is developed in a most interesting way.  Di- 


AMERICAN HOMES 


The windows and glazed doors of the living-room 


AND GARDENS 


24k 


rectly in face of the en- 
trance passage or gal- 
lery is the dining-room, 
overlooking the terrace 
on the inner front. On 
one side is the living- 
room, which, as_ has 
been said, occupies the 
whole of one wing of 
the house. On the other 
side is the hall, with the 
staircase in one corner 
arranged in a projection 
built between the main 
structure and the kitchen 
wing. The latter is ar- 
ticulated with the main 
part by means of a pas- 
sage and butler’s pan- 
try. The kitchen wing, 
with the kitchen and 
laundry below and the 
servants bedrooms 
above, is, indeed, a ser- 
vice wing of quite generous dimensions, and while frankly 
expressing what it is in the reality, is thoroughly in harmony 
with the generally picturesque quality of the whole. 

One need, indeed, scarcely to advance further to discover 
the chief excellencies of this delightful house, for these two 
points, the plan and the exterior treatment, cover the most 
essential aspects of good design in home building. But the 
photographs of the interior and the brief descriptive notes 
relating to it show that, in every aspect, the house has com- 
mendable qualities, qualities the more marked and the more 
striking because here given such straightforward and ap- 
parent character. 

The scale of the house is, within its specified limits, of the 
most generous description. [he rooms are ample in size; 
they are disposed in a broad way, and are arranged so as 
to produce an agreeable ettect when seen within, either sepa- 
rately or en suite. ‘The terrace and porch on the interfront 
are, moreover, real expansions of the house, and not only add 
to the available floor space for living purposes, but help very 
materially in the picturesque character of the exterior. 


The recess staircase of the hall 


The dining-room jis finished with a white painted trim 


“wARi Woes: 


. 
iat Tee 


j ZB \ IE 0 be, meat 


_ ad 
yy, en, 
Z Aideniediy. he 


Garden Notes 


The Best Twenty Annuals for the Flower Garden 


AsTeERS.—Grow from 1-2 feet high and should be planted a foot 
apart, not mixing colors in the same bed. There are endless 
varieties and colors. ‘They are in bloom from late August until 
killed by frost. Peony Flowered, Comet and Late Branching are 
good forms. ‘The best flower there is, in its season, to cut. 

CENTAUREA.—Bachelor’s Buttons grow 2-214 feet high, rather 
straggling, but its blue flowers lasting from July to frost makes it 
very serviceable. Plant 8-12 inches apart. 

Cosmos.—A tall plant (6-10 feet), with single flowers in pinks 
and whites. Blooms from the first of September to frost. Plant 
two feet apart and stake. 

EscHSCHOLTZIA.—California Poppy, 12-18 inches high and _ has 
a profusion of pale-yellow, golden and white flowers throughout the 
summer. Gray foliage deeply cut. Plant 10 inches apart. Charm- 
ing and valuable in the garden because of its color. 

Marico.tps.—In three or four species are handsome plants. “The 
African variety is three feet high, and the Dwarf French 12-18 
inches, the colors are yellow or brown, the flowers single or 
double. Deep green, fragrant foliage. Plant 1-2 feet apart. Not 
very nice in the house, but its brilliant masses are indispensable in 
the garden. 

MIGNoNETTE.—A straggling plant 1-3 feet high, grown for its 
delicious fragrance. Planting seed in May and July should give a 
succession all summer. 

Mrrasitis.—Marvel of Peru, Four-o’clocks, grow to two feet 
high. The flowers are white, pink or red, and open in the after- 
noon and fade before morning. Plant 18 inches apart. 

Myosotis.—Forget-Me-Not, a low sprawling plant, but a charm- 
ing and profuse bloomer, as everyone knows. M. dissitiflora is the 
best, but M. palustris is the common variety. 

NASTURTIUMS.—Perhaps our best known and most valuable an- 
nual. Grows in the poorest soil. Its fine foliage (like the lotus) 
and charming flowers make it indispensable. Dwarf or climbing. 
Beautiful growing and one of the best flowers to use in the house. 

PansigeSs.—Familiar in many varieties. A low plant blooming 
profusely in spring and fall, and sparingly through the summer. 
The horned pansy (V. Cornuta) and the tufted pansies should be 
tried. Plant six inches apart. ‘ 

PeTruniA.—Height, two feet. Much variety in color and form. 
They are single, or very double with frilled edges, in white, pink, 
maroon, and magenta shades. A continuous bloomer. ‘The single 
flowers in solid colors are the best. Plant 12-18 inches apart. Use- 
ful for cutting. ; 

PHtox DrumMmonpi.—Ten to twenty inches high; clear and 
brilliant colors. Blooms from June to frost. Colors, pink, white, 
red, and pale-yellow. Plant 8-16 inches apart. : 

Pinks.—Twelve to eighteen inches high, bloom from July to 
frost. Fragrant and lovely flowers in many varieties, including 
Marguerites, Chinese pinks, Heddewigi pinks, and Sweet Williams. 
Plant 6-12 inches apart 

PortuLaca.—A low spreading plant which looks much like Pus- 
ley, but bears large and brilliantly colored flowers in many shades. 
Useful in dry places in full sunlight. Sow the seed ,where they are 
to remain. 

Poppy.—Twelve to twenty-four inches high. Well-known, fuga- 
cious flowers in many shades of red and white. Shirley is a good 
strain, and the old fashioned tulip poppy is a favorite. Plant six 
inches apart or scatter seed in early spring where they are to bloom. 
They bloom early and are gone by the middle of July. 

Sweet Atyssum.—A low plant covered with white flowers 
throughout the season, which is useful for edgings. 

VERBENA.—Fighteen to twenty-four inches high, bearing large, 
flat bunches of flowers of brilliant color, white, pink, purple, red, 
and blue. Very useful for cutting. Plant ten inches apart. 


SALVIA.—T wo to three feet high; is a blaze of scarlet throughout 
the summer. Not good in the house, and too brilliant for many 
situations, but will lighten a dark corner. Plant 18 inches apart. 

ZINNIA.—Height, 2-3 feet. Colors, bright scarlet, rose and. 
orange. Useful in mass in the garden. Plant 18 inches apart. 

_ Nicotrin1a.—Two or three feet high. Sweet scented white, or 
in a variety of colors. The white is much the best. This is the last 
annual to be killed by the frost. Plant 18 inches apart. 


The Best Seed Bed for Annuals 


All the above annuals should be planted at the same time, in a 
specially prepared seed bed. 

A cold frame is a good thing, because it is well drained and the 
soil is in good condition, but in lieu of that, four boards, about a 
foot wide, can be nailed together, making a sort of box without bot- 
tom or top. ‘This is set on the ground and filled six inches deep 
with finely sifted soil, which is compacted as it is put in. The sur- 
face of the seed bed should be about half a foot above the soil outside, 
for the sake of drainage. ‘The seed are sown in rows; the rule is 
to cover each seed with earth equal in thickness to the diameter of 
the seed covered. With fine seeds this means simply a sifting of 
earth after they are sown on top of the ground. When the plant- 
ing is finished the whole bed should be covered with a frame on 
which cheese cloth has been stretched. This will keep the air damp 
and prevent the surface of the ground drying while the seeds are 
germinating. When the seeds have sprouted, however, the cover 
should be taken off in the day time, and not put on tightly even at 
night, unless there is danger of a frost. Watering the seed bed 
should be done carefully and never over done. Better too little 
water than too much, which, without sufficient ventilation, causes 
“damping off,” or death from a fungus disease due to an atmosphere 
overcharged with moisture. 

It is much better to delay planting until the first week in May 
to have plants which are hardy and strong, and which will grow 
fast when set out. 

When the seedlings are old enough (2-3 inches high) they should 
be transplanted to their permanent beds. An old three-tined kitchen 
fork will be found the handiest tool for this pricking off. If it is 
done in damp weather the seedlings will need no protection, but if 
the sun comes out strong they should be shaded for a few days with 
shingles stuck in the ground, or with cheese cloth frames. 

Beans should be planted in the driest and hottest part of the gar- 
den, in soil which has been well manured the year before, and which 
now, before the planting, may have a dressing of ground bone and 
wood ashes, ten pounds of each to a square rod. 

The soil should be thoroughly prepared before planting, and after 
the seeds are up should, should be walked on and cultivated as little 
as possible, as the bean seems impatient of any interference with its 
root system. Weeds can be destroyed by shallow hoeing. 

The planting should not be done until warm and settled weather 
is expected, the rule being to plant beans when the apple blossoms 
are falling. Plant string beans in rows two feet apart, putting the 
seeds about three inches apart in the rows, thinning to six inches 
when they are up. 

Bush limas should be in rows four feet apart, one foot apart in 
the row. =) 

Pole beans should be in hills four feet apart each way, with three 
vines to a pole. 

The best varieties of beans are: Mammoth Stringless Greenpod, 
Stringless Refugee Wax, Dreer’s Wonder Bush Lima, Dreer’s Im- 
proved Pole Lima. 

The Sieva, or small lima, is a delicious bean, and is preferred by 
many to the ordinary lima bean. 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


xiii 


ws CORRESPONDENCE & 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 
Author of “‘ Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic” 


MAKING A PIANO COVER 


. HE top of my upright piano,” writes 
Te E. J., a Philadelphia subscriber, 
“looks very bare to me. In asking at 
the stores for a spread or scarf of some kind 
I find nothing that is ready-made. Would it 
be possible for me to make a cover? If so, 
will you kindly give me particular directions ? 
I can sew well, but I have never seen any- 
thing of this kind, and would not know 
whether to have it cover only the top of the 
piano or hang over all around. Is a lining 
and an interlining necessary ?” 
Another inquiry on the same subject comes 
from an Indiana correspondent, who wishes 


made as to the interior materials, with dura- 
ble coverings, cannot be bought for less than 
twenty-five or thirty dollars. A Colonial 
rocker, mahogany frame on simple lines, with 
upholstered back and detachable seat cushion, 
costs about twenty-six dollars. A wing, or 
fireside, chair costs about thirty-five dollars. 
In comparison with these prices one may turn 
to the handmade willow armchairs, with 
hair seat cushions, which cost from twelve to 
fifteen dollars. Rockers may be added to 
these chairs, if desired. In a single guest 
room one comfortable chair will be needed, 
and in a double guest room two armchairs 
should be supplied. 


FURNISHING A COTTAGE FOR RENT 


“Would you give me, through your Home 
Furnishing Department, some ideas that 
would help to make a cottage attractive for 


Making a piano cover 


especially a piano cover that may be laundered. 

Replying to both of these letters this de- 
partment would suggest buying a strip of ma- 
terial in as handsome a pattern, and as good 
a quality as may be afforded. If the cover 
must be washed from time to time, a piece of 
Japanese wash silk could be used, and with 
this lightweight material it would be well 
to allow six or eight inches to hang down at 
the front and sides. Or a piece of ecru- 
colored linen may be embroidered in white 
floss, with the edges hemstitched. If a heavy 
quality of brocade or tapestry is to be made 
up, a pattern in paper should be first cut 
exactly the size of the top of the piano. The 
brocade may then be turned under two inches 
all around and an antique gold braid sewed 
on the right side along the edges, making a 
neat turn at the corners. A lining of silk, in 
a plain color, may then be sewed on the un- 
der side. With a thin material for the cover, 
an interlining of canton flannel may be used, 
but with a substantial kind of goods this will 
not be required. 


COMFORTABLE BEDROOM CHAIRS 


E. K., of Harrisburg, Pa., writes: ‘What 
chairs are suitable for bedrooms? Whenever 
I make a visit I like to spend some of the 
time in my room resting, as I am not very 
strong; but I never find a really comfortable 
chair to sit in. Now that I am about to fit 
up a guest room in my own home I want to 
have the right things, and the chair problem 
is puzzling. Please give some idea of prices.” 

Upholstered chairs of good shape and well 


renting? I have not seen any suggestions for 
this specific need, but I am sure there are 
others of your readers besides myself who will 
be benefited by some hints.”—F. S. Maine. 

The owner of a cottage that is to be rented 
must keep in mind the general taste that is to 
be suited, rather than his individual enjoy- 
ment. If there is much competition to meet 
in the neighborhood, it would be a good in- 
vestment to put extra expense to make the 
furnishings distinctive. Wall decorations 
make, perhaps, the quickest appeal to a pros- 
pective tenant, and with such charming vari- 
eties now on sale every condition may be met. 

Avoiding the hackneyed floral bedroom 
papers, with roses or poppies lavishly sprin- 
kled on a white ground, one may select in- 
stead an ivy design for a sunny room; a morn: 
ing-glory trellis for a room of small size; 
lilacs or sweet peas to give interest and un- 
usual coloring. Or, departing entirely from 
patterns, there are dimity, chambray, and 
homespun effects, in soft light tones, with 
flower borders already cut out and ready to 
paste under the picture molding below the 
ceiling. 

Papers that are too plain require an out- 
lay in pictures to make the walls inviting, so 
the dining-room may well be treated with a 
landscape wall paper, if it is printed in artis- 
tic tones. In the living-room a two-toned 
paper may be the background for some of the 
colored prints that have taken the place so 
satisfactorily of the old-time chromos. 

For the cottage floors there are some new 

(Continued on page xiv) 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 
FORESTRY 
Le REPLY to T. McL.’s question: For- 


estry is the science of growing trees for 

the sake of their product in lumber and 
firewood. 

It is purely commercial, and does not in the 
least consider the appearance of the forest or 
any of its parts. It has, however, the ethical 
beauty of all careful methods as compared 
with the old slip-shod, wasteful ways. 

Whatever ulterior benefits may come from 
economical handling of the forest, such as 
the conservation of water, or a supposed in- 
fluence on the rainfall, are not sought by the 
forester, but are only extra reasons for the 
state to pursue good methods in the care of 
the forest. 

There is no doubt that forests do make the 
flow from streams more regular and tend to 
prevent floods, and this may well be taken into 
account by the state, but for the private 
owner, the only justification for money spent 
on forest management is the direct money re- 
turns which may be expected. ‘The forester 
looks upon the forest as the farmer does upon 
his field of potatoes, a crop to be harvested as 
soon as it is ripe, with the least cost and the 
greatest economy of method. If the crop is 
poor he wants to know why and how it can 
be bettered, how the yield may be increased 
in order to bring in more profits. 

This necessitates the study of arboriculture, 
just as the farmer studies agriculture. It 
means a study of soils, of climate, of adapta- 
bility of species, of the market value of differ- 
ent varieties, of diseases, insect pests, and of 
methods of handling the crop, and of prepar- 
ing it for market. 

But farming and forestry differ in this way, 
that with farm crops all the individuals ripen 
and are harvested at the same time, and are 
planted together the following spring, whereas 
in forestry only a few parts of the crop are 
harvested each year, and the replanting goes 
on continuously. 

Most people can tell when a field of corn 
is ripe and ready to cut, but it takes the 
skilled forester to know exactly how and when 
to cut the trees of the forest. 

A definite amount of lumber is grown in 
the forest each year, and we must know if 
the growth is as great as it should be, and 
whether we are cutting now more than the 
annual growth. If we are we shall get ahead 
of the forest, and the time will come when no 
cutting can be done profitably for a long 
period of years. The income is not only de- 
ferred for those years when no cutting is done, 
but is decreased if in that time the growth of 
the forest is wasteful, as may happen. 

Whether the method be to cut, say, one 
acre of a hundred acre plot every year, or to 
cut one hundredth of the trees every year, so 
that in a hundred years the forest will be re- 
newed, does not concern us now, only the fact 
that we must provide for its renewal in a defi- 
nite time. 

(Continued on page xiv) 


XIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


May, 1909 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
(Continued from page xtit) 


rugs that can be made in several shapes and 
sizes, the bungalow, and an imitation of the 
Scotch rug, and some new weaves in the cot- 
ton or rag rugs. Fiber rugs are light in 
weight, and clean-looking. A single large 
rug is the best choice for the living-rooms, 
and small-sized rugs for the chambers. 

Furniture for a cottage that is to be rented 
is a difficult problem. Some new kinds of 
porch furniture, made after the Colonial lines, 
is suitable also for the interior. Made with 
rattan seats it is light enough to be easily 
changed from one place to another. A Morris 
chair, made on plain lines, is a good selection 
for the living-room, and one or two chairs for 
children may be included in the outfit. 

On the porch a swinging settle may be 
provided, or a canvas hammock with a wind 
shield at the back. A kitchen settle, that can 
be turned into an oblong table of good size, 
is also recommended. 


A SUBSTITUTE FOR BURLAP 


“In the house I am building, in a suburb 
of Boston,” writes IT. C. E., “I am using in 
the dining-room a chair rail, about four feet 
from the floor. In the hall there is a semi- 
paneled wainscot; that is, there are upright 
spaces left in the woodwork in which some 
kind of wall covering is to be fitted. I had 
thought of using burlap until noticing in your 
descriptive articles on houses the names of 
other materials. Will you kindly suggest 
something for my own use?” 

Burlap has been so commonly used that 
new coverings have lately been devised to 
take its place. “These show a rough weave, 
or raised effect, and some have a metallic fin- 
ish. Japanese grass cloth and Japanese leather 
paper are not novelties, but each year there 
are different colorings and patterns. For the 
hall of this correspondent a Japanese leather 
paper in dull, copper tones, would be interest- 
ing if it suited the upper wall. In the dining- 
room the new Hofi cloth is suggested, in one 
of the wood tones that is like the finish of the 
woodwork. 


COLOR SCHEME FOR A VIRGINIA HOME 


The wall colors for a southern home is 
asked for by F. D., of Virginia. ‘“The house 
faces east. [he parlor and dining-room are 
connected, and are on the northern and north- 
western side, both well-lighted. A wide hall 
is carried through the house. ‘The living- 
room and library are connected, and are on 
the eastern and southern sides. “The hall has 
mahogany furniture, which needs recovering. 
What is the best coloring? ‘The parlor rugs 
are small Oriental ones, in old pinks, browns, 
and greens. I also must have a new furniture 
covering here. ‘The library and living-room 
have walnut furniture. I need new rugs for 
these two rooms. I am especially anxious 
about the wall decorations.” 

Taking the hallway as the keynote of color, 
and lacking much direct lighting, an orange- 
colored paper, printed in two tones in a small 
pattern, could be used. “The mahogany fur- 
niture may be covered with green-and-blue 
tapestry, in the small, set designs that are in 
use now. In the north parlor a warm buff- 
colored paper, in satin finish in a flowered 
effect, may be chosen, and in the north- 
western dining-room a figured paper, showing 
predominating tones of yellow. One of the 
English patterns is especially good for this 
exposure. ‘The library and living-room, hav- 
ing the sunny outlook, may have one of the 
brown texture effects in one room and a green 
and blue mixture in the other, according to 
their setting of woodwork. The heavy wool 


rugs, made in this country in Oriental pat- 
terns, would suit these rooms. For the fur- 
niture covering in the parlor there is a linen 
damask in a small pattern, at $4.50 a yard, 
that would harmonize with the rugs and wall- 
paper. 


Garden Work About the Home 


(Continued from page xti2) 


It is for the forester to determine the period 
of renewal, and to plan for the yearly cuttings, 
fixing the size and number of treeh to be cut, 
selecting the varieties which are to be encour- 
aged and those which are to be weeded out. 
He must provide for the reseeding of the for- 
est by leaving seed-bearing trees of the de- 
sired varieties, and seeing to it that the sur- 
roundings give proper conditions for the 
germination and growth of the seeds. 

The forester must also study the market, 
and know what sizes and qualities of lumber 
are most valuable. Shall the small saplings 
be cut for cord wood or puddling poles, or 
allowed to grow large enough for railroad 
ties? Are ties more profitable than spiles? 
what by-products can be saved to pay ex- 
penses ? 

The arrangements for getting the lumber 
out of the forest are important, whether they 
be roads to streams or railway connections. 

The greatest waste in the forest to-day is 
that of fire, which is far larger than the waste 
due to careless lumbering, for a fire not only 
injures the present value of the timber, but 
may burn out the soil and destroy its future 
value. 

The forester himself should be extremely 
careful and conservative in his plans and esti- 
mates for the future, because he may never 
see the full results of his labor, and he should 
leave his successor, who may be called in at 
any time, in five or ten or twenty years, in no 
doubt as to his intentions, or of the basis for 
his deductions and plans. 

The reforestration of barren parts of small 
farms is not only a paying thing, but, in this 
case, has the added value of protecting the 
soil from erosion, shielding good meadows 
from the winter winds, and, in such indirect 
ways, increasing the productivity of the farm. 

The forest as property seems excellent. 
The income should be regular, and might even 
increase slowly, and if we never see the fru- 
ition of our plans we may rest assured that a 
growing forest has a definite value, which a 
proper survey will show. 

The fire risk is becoming less and may some 
day be eliminated. The price of lumber is 
advancing faster than that of labor, who 
knows how much greater the proportion may 
be? 

Some states encourage reforestration by re- 
mitting taxes, as in Connecticut, where lands 
growing 1,200 white pines, six feet high, per 
acre may be taken from the tax list for twenty 
years. 

There are many books and pamphlets on 
forestry, but the best is Gifford Pinchot’s 
“Primer,” Published by the Bureau of For- 
estry of the United States Department of 
Agriculture. 


REFORESTING WASTE LAND 


In the northeastern states, white pine is the 
most valuable forest tree for box boards and 
lumber, but for cord wood one of the oaks 
should be used. 

Seedling pine trees, two years old, can be 
bought for $10-$12 a thousand. They should 
be planted five feet apart, or 1,700 to the acre. 
Planting costs $4.00-$4.50 per thousand, or 
about $8.00 per acre. “They are planted with 
a mattock. A sod is first taken up, then the 
mattock is stuck in the exposed earth, twisted 
to make a hole, and the tree put in. May is 


the best time for this work. At forty years the 
pine will be ready to cut for box boards, and 
should produce $150 per acre. 

Red oak seedlings, two years old, can be 
bought for $20 per thousand, and planted for 
about the same price as the pines. The red oak 
will grow well mixed with the pines, though I 
think such mixed planting is of doubtful ad- 
vantage. 

The oak can be sold for cord wood, spiles, 
staves, etc. It is hardly likely that it will 
bring as high a price as the pine at forty years. 
There may be local conditions which will 
make its growth more profitable. 

Seedlings for forest planting can be grown 
very cheaply, and there is great advantage in 
having them on the place when they are 
needed, but for a small job it is better to buy 
them. 

OILING ROADS 


A correspondent in Connecticut asks about 
oiling roads. 

The term is a loose one and is indiscrim- 
inately applied to roads which are really oiled 
with petroleum, to roads which are roughly 
sprinkled with tar, and to roads which are 
impregnated with a hot tar or asphalt, which 
acts as a binder. 

The latter method is the best, and, for the 
best results, should be done when the road is 
built. The hot tar is spread on top of the 
road after it has had one dry rolling on the 
top course. ‘The tar is brushed in as it is 
spread, sprinkled with screenings, and rolled. 
A road so treated will outwear any ordinary 
macadam road twice over, and will be nearly 
dustless. . 

Sprinkling an old road with tar is a bar- 
barous custom. While it is wet and sticky the 
road is almost impassable, and because it can- 
not be spread evenly on the dust some spots 
get more than others, and the road wears un- 
evenly. 

Sprinkling with petroleum is not much 
better. 

The best way to oil is to make an emulsion 
of the petroleum, and sprinkle the road lightly 
with that many times. ‘There will then be 
no pools of oil, no soft place in the road, and 
no dust. ‘This treatment will have to be 
given two or three times in a season, but it is 
not expensive. 

Sprinkling with a solution of calcium chlor- 
ide, which is hydroscopic, keeps the surface 
damp, and hence dustless. It is an excellent 
way to treat a dirt or macadam road when the 
trafic is light, and dust an objection. Al- 
though the calcium solution will probably 
have to be applied more often than an oil 
emulsion, it will be much cheaper than plain 
watering, and is a _ treatment especially 
adapted to replace the old way of having a 
watering cart lay the dust for an hour or two 
twice a day. 

THE BEECH 


The American beech (Fagus atropunicea) 
is a lighter green than its English relative, 
and it is lighter, too, in effect, just as the 
American elm is a more graceful tree than 
the robust English elm. 

The beech has a compact and regular head, 
and when grown in the open branches near 
the ground. ‘The bole is large, smooth and 
delicately modeled, and the silvery gray bark, 
mottled and spotted with lighter patches, 
looks particularly well in winter against a 
background of dark pine trees. The branching 
is irregular, and the sprays taper gently to the 
cigar-shaped buds. 

The beech casts a dense shade, and for 
that reason, as well as because it is shallow 
rooted, grass seldom grows under it. In a 
grove this does not matter, for there the 
beeches make their own soft carpet of light- 
yellow or brown leaves. 

(Continued on page xxtit) 


May, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS -y 


---ft combines with great volume 
of tone, rare sympathetic and 
noble tone color and perfect action”’ 


HE. Plattieta supremacy of 1 THE KNABE NO is born of its pay 
for interpreting the musical ideals of great composers and’ players 
with rare subtlety. 
This artistic supremacy may be traced through three gercfa tions to the crea- 
tive genius of the founder of The House of Knabe, whose lofty conception 
of worthy musical expression continues an impetus to the maintenance of 
that standard of ee which makes THE KNABE THE WORLD’S 
BEST PIANO: 

Style J. ‘‘upright’’ Grand $500. -- Mignon ‘‘horizontal’’ Grand $750. -- Knabe-Angelus $1050. 


Knabe Pianos may be bought of any Knabe representative at New York prices with added cost of 
freight and delivery. 


WM. KNABE & CO. 


439 5th Ave. Cor. 39th St. 
BALTIMORE NEW YORK WASHINGTON 


Ld ie 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


| *.)| THE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 
TOO OMB -F-Fe-1- em sCtaa and the material COUNT EA Mate 
' . @ it perfects 


By George E. Walsh 


HE water supply problem for the country 
home located beyond the range of any 
storage reservoir of town or city has 

been variously solved by individuals, and to 
the prospective builder it is important that 
proper consideration of the subject be given in 
advance. Hand pumps and wells are primitive 
methods of obtaining drinking water, but they 
have their use in thinly populated regions. 
The great drawback to these is the danger of 
contamination from surrounding sewage unless 
they are dug far down below the sub-stratum 
of soil-so that the sewage is purified before it 
reaches the springs. A well sunk through im- 
. ; 4 pervious strata to a depth of ten or more feet 
The ideal fixture must be pure white to be beautiful It must be hard as flint | should not be contaminated by surface water, 


to resist stains and scratches. It must be absolutely smooth in order to be easily | #"4 ‘f Properly inclosed by a protecting hood 
1 1 Eee ees he Bead d " dust and dirt will not drift in. A well sunk 
never successfully combined until the advent of Imperial porcelain ware. 


MOTTS PLUMBING 


apt to be of bad quality and very uncertain in 
the supply. 
The nature of the soil and the action of sur- 
face water should be understood before a well 
Mott’s Imperial and Vitreous Solid Porcelain bathroom fixtures are molded is located or’dug, Ram wate a 
by hand, then given twelve coats of china finish and glaze and finally placed 
in kilns that are fired to a temperature of 2,500 to 3,000 degrees. There 
they remain for 10 days, the body and glaze gradually uniting, and the 
surface developing a durable beauty that belongs to the ideal fixture. 


. . Mw a, 
os S cl J 
a \ 
=< A iN 
—. 


HEN choosing bathroom fix. ¥ 
tures, study material as well as design. 


surface soil until it strikes an impervious 
stratum, and then it flows over this to a level, 
or, as is often the case, to a pocket, which it 
fills. In time it overflows from this pocket 
and forms a natural spring. Such water is 
apt to receive much impure drainage from sur- 
rounding watersheds. If a well in the country 
is dug only to such a well-filled pocket, the 
drainage from the barn and kitchen sink may 
be daily served up in the drinking water. 
Many so-called unfailing springs of pure, cold 


The china-white finish of Mott’s Plumbing fixtures will not stain or 
scratch, is non-absorbent and requires only light wiping with a cloth or 
sponge to keep it spotless. 


In addition to Imperial and Vitreous Porce- 
iain, a full line of Mott’s fixtures is also made in 
high-grade porcelain enameled iron. Our book 
- “Modern Plumbing” gives a full description of 
each of these wares and shows how they may be 
appropriately used. There are 24 illustrations of 


water are nothing but catch-basins for impure 
surface water and drainage. 

If we cut through this impervious stratum 
and strike the lower springs we have a pure, 
uncontaminated supply, provided the sides of 
the well passing through the impervious 


stratum are made tight. The walls of a well 
should be made perfectly tight so that the up- 
per springs cannot leak through. ‘The walls 
should be made of brick or stone, and the 
joints cemented carefully so that they are made 
water-tight. The importance of using good 
cement and plenty of it in the construction of 
the walls can not be overestimated. The ma- 
sonry work can not be intrusted to any except 
responsible men. It is a good plan to line the 
inside of the brick or stone walls with a good 
coat of cement so that a smooth surface can 
be had all the way up. This increases the pro- 
tection and makes cleaning easier. A well dug 
and fashioned in this manner is a good insur- 
ance against disease. 

The covering of the well is something that 
admits of considerable artistic treatment, but 
the protective feature should not be neglected 
for the artistic. A well hood and sides are 
primarily to keep out dirt and dust, and if the 
outside is to be covered with vines and plants 
the covering should be of such a character that 
leaves and flowers can not fall into the water. 
A good well may thus be made a most artistic 
feature of a country home, and on many estates 
we find the old-fashioned stone or brick well 
kept in prime condition for pure drinking 
water and for artistic treatment. 

A water supply for the house service can be 
arranged simply and economically by con- 
structing a tank to catch the rain water. In 
most parts of the country the rainfall is suff- 
cient to provide the average house with all the 
water needed for washing and for one flush 
closet. The size of the storage tank deter- 
mines the amount of supply always ready. It 
is not a satisfactory arrangement to put up a 
barrel to catch rain water, for the largest bar- 


model bathrooms ranging in costfrom $85 to $3,000. 


“MODERN PLUMBING” will be 


sent on receipt of 4gc.to cover postage. 


THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS 
1828. EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY _ 1909 


17TH STREET 
Coy ee Tay, 


BRANCHES 
Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, 
Detroit, Washington, St. Louis, New 
Orleans, San Francisco, San Antonio, 
Atlanta, Seattle and Indianapolis. 


FIFTH AVENUE AND 
N E W 


VOOR Tikes Canada: 83 Bleury. Street, Montreal 


White Frost 
Refrigerators 


AFEGUARD the health of the family. More than 50% of disease 
can be traced tounwholesome wooden Refrigerators, which cannot be kept 
clean. The ‘White Frost” is all metal, nota splinter of wood about 

it, can’t rust, warp, leak, decay. Enameled spotless white, inside and outside. 
lo nasty corners for dirt or germs tolodge. Has revolving. Removable Shelves. 
ay be washed out in a minute. It is always clean. eeps food pure 
and sweet, by natural refrigeration. Economical of ice. Money back if 
not satisfie4. Send for free book telling about the most perfect sanitary 
efrigerator in the world. ‘e will sell you one at trade discount, 
freight prepaid to your station, if your dealer does not handle them. A 
METAL STAMPING CO., 528 Mechanic St., Jackson, Mich. 


The reason why Old English is the best wax 


FOR FLOORS, FURNITURE AND ALL INTERIOR WOODWORK | 


is because it is the “highest quality’’ wax made. Suitable for hardwood 
or pine floors—never flakes nor becomes sticky nor shows heel-marks 
or scratches. Send for FREE SAMPLE of 


OL English tax 


‘‘The Wax with a Guarantee’’ 
And if you wish to learn how to make floors beautiful, request 
Our Book—sent free—Beautiful Floors, Their Finish and Care” 
IT DISCUSSES: estas Kitchen, Pantry and 
Cleaning and Polishing Floors. Bath Room Floors. 
Finishing New and Old Floors. | Finishing Dance Floors. 

Care of Waxed Floors. Removing Varnish, Paint, etc. 
Buy Old English from your dealer—soc. a lb.—1, 2, 4 and 8 Ib. cans. 
One pound covers 300 square feet. Write us anyway. 

A. S. BOYLE & CO.,1913 West 8th St.,Cincinnati, Ohio 


Manufacturers of ‘‘Brightener’—which keeps floors clean and bright. 
ee ee 


May, 1909 


MENNEN'S 


BORATED TALCUM 


_TOILET POWDER 


& 


“Baby’s Best Friend 
and Mamma’s greatest comfort, Mennen’s relieves and 
prevents Prickly Heat, Chafing and Sunburn. 

For your protection the genuine is put up in non-re- 
fillable boxes—the “‘Box that Lox,”’ with Mennen’s face 
ontop. Soldeverywhere or by mail 25cents—Samplefree. 

Try Mennen's Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder--It 
has the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets. Sample free. 
GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. 
Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap [blue wrapper] No 
Specially prepared forthe nursery. Ss Z 
Mennen’s Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental Odor LEY KAS 


Sold only at Stores. 


Different from all other rugs, made 
in colorings to match your decora- 
tions. Special styles to go with 
Mission or Fumed Oak Furniture. 
Wool weft, seamless, heavy, revers- 
ible and durable. All sizes up to 
12 feet wide and any length. Sold 
by best shops in principal cities. 
If your dealer does not keep them, 
write Arnold, Constable & Co., New 
York, for Color Line and Price List. 


THREAD AND THRUM WORKSHOP, 
Auburn, N. Y. 


the colors— 


SEH OLV SERED 
Youchoose Thread and Thrum RUGS 


o- UNION 
ij METALCOLUMNS 


FOR PORCHES AND PERGOLAS 
Will not spt, check or rot 
Dignified classical designs. Made 
entirely of metal, in all sizes up to 40 
inches indiameter. Finishto match 
any wood perfectly. Stronger and 

more durable than wood. 

Last Longer Cost No More 
Write now for Booklet ‘‘F-5’? describing 
UNION METAL COLUMNS 
Patented 
The Union Metal Mfg. Co. 

506 Clifton St., Canton, O. 

We sbip everywhere 


7 R E F PIU. owure 


THE KING OF ALL BEAUTIFYING POWDERS 


It is absorbent and non-irritating, and may be 
used where other powders are impossible. It 


will enhance the beauty of the most perfect com- 
plexion and render less apparent the defects of 


the poorest. It is endorsed by the leading pro- 
fessional and society people, and we guarantee 
every package to give perfect satisfaction. To 
further introduce this wonderful powder we make 
this special offer to you. Send us the names 
and addresses of ten ladies and 10c. in money or 
stamps to cover charges, and we will send you 
prepaid a sample package of Rex Complexion 
Powder, a sample jar of Rex Scientific Beauty 
Cream, and our handsome illustrated Beauty 
Book. This handsome book is 32 pages and 
cover, and complete in detail; telling you how 
to preserve your beauty and create new charms. 
Rex Scientific Beauty Cream is without a peer, 
we positively guarantee that it contains nothing 
that will produce or encourage the growth of 
hair or down on the face. It has more body 
and is a better working cream than any other 
cream manufactured, and will not turn rancid. 
By dealing with us you are guaranteed satisfac- 
tion; we will promptly return purchase price if 
any of our articles are not perfectly satisfactory 
to the user. Address 


REX BEAUTY SPECIALISTS, Dept. Cc 
290 E. 43d St., Chicago, III. 


arr 


wo 


Fi hdl Sea AE 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii 


FIFTY FOUR YEARS OF GUALITY 


LFF'S PLUMBING GOOD 


i 


fr er 
gu" 
ale 


shes 
rer 


i f I tl 


yl } 


|| 


“Guaranteed” 


Architects are cautioned that there are many guarantee 
labels being used on porcelain enameled iron plumbing 
fixtures, and that in accepting a guaranteed tub, it will 
be the part of caution to identify the firm issuing the guar- 


antee label as to financial 


responsibility and record of 


having made good, in a broad way, all that a guarantee 


label both states and implies. 


The WOLFF GUARANTEE is fifty-three years old, 


and during that time has made a reputation for itself unique 
in the relation of a manufacturer to his product. 


The cost of tearing out and replacing imperfect plumb- 
ing fixtures is so great that a guarantee label must have 
a broader meaning on plumbing equipment than on any 
other branch of building equipment. The guarantee 
label that is not backed by reputation and undoubted 
financial responsibility is indeed an empty: statement. 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Manufacturers of 


PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The only Complete Line made by any one firm 


DENVER 


Showrooms : 


CHICAGO 
91 Dearborn Street 


TRENTON 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


615 Northwestern Building, Minneapolis, Minn. 
Builders Exchange, Cleveland, Ohio. 


1209 Scarrett Building, Kansas City, M 


Monadnock Building, San Francisco, Cal. 
77 Richmond Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 
1108-1122 Nicholas Street, Omaha, Neb. 


327-328 Bond Building, Washington, D.C 


Other sizes at proportionate prices 
ready to ship. Single cylinder engines, 


h. p-; double cylinders 8 to 20h. f.; Four cyl 

h.p Engines start without cranking. No cams, 
sprockets, only only three moving parts. Altlen- ¥ 
gines counterbalanced. No vibration. Special 
jector burns gasoline, kerosene, coal oil, alcohol, 
tillate. Plastic white bronze bearings (no cheap 
Crankshaft drop forged steel. Bearing surfaces 


\ babbitt used.) 
ground, 


That Bungalow 
which you intend to build this Spring 
will need the soft, artistic tones of 


Cabot’s Shingle Stains 


to make it harmonize with its surroundings 
They are for shingles and all other exterior wood- 
work, and preserve the wood thoroughly from 
decay and insects. 50 per cent. cheaper than 
paint, 100 per cent. handsomer, and any intelligent 
boy can apply them. 
Send for samples of Stained Wood and Circulars. Free 


SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Mfrs. 
131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 


Agents at all central points 


Adjustable steel connecting rod. Waterproof ignition system, 
For your launch, sailboat, rowboat, stern wheel boat, or 
railroad track car. 20,000 satisfied users, free catalog and 
testimonials) | Demonstrator Agents wanted in 


every boating community. Special wholesale price 
on first outfit sold. 


DETROIT ENGINE WORKS 
DETROIT, MICHIGAN, U. S. & 


son Ave. 


Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 


XVill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


rel is not sufficient to keep an ordinary house 
supplied during a dry season. A tank 6 by 4 
by 6 feet, copper lined, and substantially con- 
structed, will hold water enough to furnish all 
the needs of a small family in our ordinary 
summer weather. A larger one would make 
the supply practically inexhaustible in any 
weather. The cost of such a tank and piping 
for a sink and flush closet may range from 
$75 to $150; but if properly designed the 
water question is solved. 

The objection to a rain water tank in our 


THE GREE 
cold climate is that in the winter there is dan- 


It has become just as essentially a part of the country place as th : : 
: ee yaeP. Une e garage or the stables. ger from freezing. In the summer it answers 
The growing of bedding plants for the grounds, and the housing of palms, to say nothing of 7 1 j j 
: : 5 the purpose satisfactorily. If the tank is built 
the flowers and vegetables it produces, make it a necessity to every country home. : ; 5 3 
3 i ; over the kitchen extension this can be avoided. 
The ornamental way in which we are handling these houses makes them one cf the : 5 
i A plan is to leave the rafters of the kitchen 
attractive features of the grounds. 


: 5 : d with openings around the water 
Our illustrated matter, show’ i h h des : expose 7 : 
atter, showing various houses we have designed and erected, will be aneasie ascending heat ftom ¢he stream 


iled t for the asking. : 
ey mete re range will thus always keep the water 


e e from freezing. An _ overflow pipe should 
Hitchin S & ¢ ‘om an be carried down inside of the kitchen to 
$ P LY the ground or sewer pipe. The pipe 

leading from the roof to collect the rain 

1170 Broadway New York water should be packed closely at the point 
where it enters to keep out leaks and cold. A 

good carpenter will make a satisfactory job of 
such a plan, and insure the owner of a good, 
ee eee eee AE EM LEE serviceable water supply at all seasons. In 
ne : building such a rain water tank over the roof 
- of a kitchen care must be taken to furnish ex- 
Ay Ne 7 tra posts and joists so their weight will not 
? 2 | fall on the roof rafters. The weight of a 

Se oe water tank of large dimensions is very great 
di and it must have firm supports. A roof tank 
of this nature will furnish water only for the 
first floor, but if a supply is needed for the 


Le 


e . 
Temagami second story the problem becomes more in- 
Northern Ontario, Canada |; volved. ‘The storage tank must be located in 
—a new territory now reached |) , the garret, and unless the roof is quite high it 
| by rail—the country of the canoe, | : ll een : fall 
aiiaerannan BereuteS. q is not so easy to collect all the rain water fall- 
Fish for black bass, speckled ing on it. Much depends upon the nature of 
trout and lake trout—the gamiest |), the roof itself. 
fish that swim. Shoot moose, Fy Thousands of country homes depend en- 
deer, bear, partridge and other | rel : bone Hel 
game during the hunting season. | tirely upon rain water storage tanks for their 
Bring your camera—the scen- | water supply, and they answer the purpose sat- 
ery is wild and magnificent. | isfactorily. If the tank is made sufficiently 
_In this pure, pine-perfumed (iq large there is little or no danger of running 
air, hay fever is unknown. : : : 
i ee short. Rain water is extremely soft to the 
e g you all about it, hand- 5 
somely illustrated, sent on application to B hands and 1S preferred by most people for 
© NE. P. Diver, 200 Broadway, ew York washing and toilet purposes. For drinking it 
W. Robinson, 506 Park Building, Pittsburg is less satisfactory. It is well, therefore, to 
Ce He Te Cie CaM Le i have a pump or well in addition to the rain 
ontrea 4 . 
W. E. DAVIS, P. T. M, a water tank. ee great many who have rain 
aye Montreal water tanks installed still depend upon their 
EE es pump or well for the drinking water, and the 


plan is a good one. 
A method of computing the amount of rain 


; : ter that can be collected in a storage tank 
_ Accurate information regarding THE WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS ie s ; ; 

is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB. is to estimate the average rainfall in our 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. Northern States at 36 to 48 inches, which is 


For nearly sixty-five years the good for nearly the whole country. If the 
e e e ; roof had a thousand square feet an average 
S clentific American of 70 gallons of water would be collected per 
t : day. A gallon occupies 231 cubic inches of 
as been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress storage space. ‘Thus one could figure out the 
made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. amount of space needed for a family. But the 

Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 70 gallons are not collected each bey and a 

> 


in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visi 

S 4 é | ‘ | y visits welcome to 
the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains manic for at least two weeks must be stored. 
authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. This would permit from a storage tank, with 


Subscription price, $3.00 per year. a capacity of 980 gallons, a use of 70 gallons 
The Season’s Best Club Combinations a day for two weeks without any rain storm 
Scientific American or American SHEA to fill up the tank. A tank holding 1,000 gal- 
Toomesiand|Gardens $3. Homes and Gardens .00 lons of water is, therefore, a good, safe size 
eview of Reviews . McClure’s Magazine f famil oe 
Review of Reviews or a family of six or seven. 
Artesian well water is one of the purest and © 


Scientific American or American 


Homes and Gardens 3.00 Scientific American or A i ilizi 
Ponce and) Garde $ pecelilcs Atmertoa non Americrnay safest that can be used, and plants for utilizing . 
World’s Work ‘ it are being installed in increasing numbers — | 
or . ° 
: throughout the country. The cost of sinking 
Scientific American or/American Scientific American or American artesian wells depends largely upon the _dis- 
puis sand Gardens 5 Momiesiand|Gardens $3.00 tance that borings must be sunk. Sometimes — 
Me agazin a . e ° 
World’s Work... é : they are essential to get a sufficient supply, for 
After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina-: the shallower-dug wells do OE aa the lower 
tions including Woman’s Home Companion. springs and thus dry out in hot weather. The i 
MUNN @® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City cost of sinking artesian wells is usually esti- 


mated at six or seven dollars per foot for 


May, 1909 


depths under 300 feet, and slightly more for 
depths exceeding this. It may be seen that an 
artesian well that must go down four or five 
hundred feet to tap a good water supply is 
rather an expensive luxury. Even when the 
well is sunk the water must be forced up to a 
storage tank to furnish the house with a supply 
by gravity. ‘This force may be in the form of 
a windmill or power engine. 

A windmill has its picturesque and useful 
function, and many prefer it to-day to other 
torms of power. ‘Their cost of construction 
has lessened in recent years, and their service- 
ableness increased. A good ten-foot galvanized 
steel windmill erected on a sixty-foot galvan- 
ized tower would cost to-day about $275, and 
a fourteen-foot windmill on a sixty-foot frame 
tower would cost about $100 more. With the 
windmill, storage tank and artesian well com- 
plete, the cost may easily run up to $1,500 to 
$2,000, with the depth of the well ranging 
from 200 to 300 feet. But such a plant is 
permanent, and will always give the house a 
complete supply of pure, uncontaminated 
water. [here would be no possible danger 
from contamination through sewer seepage or 
drainage. 

Small gasoline and hot-air pumps for forc- 
ing the water up are more common to-day than 
formerly, and they are being installed rapidly 
throughout the country. ‘These little engines 
work automatically and stop of themselves 
when the tank is full. There is no danger of 
waste or an overflow and the engine is not 
eating up fuel except when working. A two- 
horse power engine will do the work satisfac- 
torily, and such an engine can be purchased 
and installed for from $200 to $285. The 
engine can be located in the cellar of the house 
or an outside building built for its special ac- 
commodation. 

There is another way of securing a proper 
water supply by means of a hydraulic ram. 
The ram has the advantage of being able to 
pump water from a distant pure-water supply 
at little expense. The ram may be located not 
far from the house where an impure water sup- 
ply can drive it. None of this water gets into 
the drinking supply. It simply drives the ram 
and flows away into a drain pipe. A supply 
pipe may be laid from a distant spring or brook 
and the ram will force this up into the house. 
Under certain conditions the hydraulic ram 
will prove the cheapest and most satisfactory 
method of supplying the house with water. 
The cost of installing the ram, with the neces- 
sary piping, may be made no more than a few 
hundred dollars, but the final cost must depend 
upon the distance from the spring or brook 
that furnishes the water. 

All of these systems are in use in different 
parts of the country, and it may be seen from 
the above remarks that the type selected de- 
pends upon topographical conditions. In 
parts of the country where an artesian well 
would have to be sunk hundreds of feet, the 
cost would be so great that many would hesi- 
tate to adopt this method. Possibly there is 
within half a mile some inexhaustible spring 
or river that could be tapped and water forced 
into the house by a hydraulic ram. Or if both 
of these conditions are lacking there is the rain 
water system at hand. If the rainfall is suffi- 
cient in that locality, and the roof space am- 
ple, it would be cheaper to build a large tank 
under the roof and pipe the water by gravity 
to the inside of the house. The old method 
of placing the rain water tank in the cellar 
or on the ground has the disadvantage of never 
being ready for use in pipes. It must either 
be hauled up by hand power or pumped up by 
an engine. In the end it will prove far less 
satisfactory. 

Drinking water can not be stored satisfac- 
torily for any length of time. This applies to 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


>‘F ragrance 


9 


The Only Sweet Scented Dalia 


in the World 


Glistening single white flowers of large size, 
borne on long stems, having the fragrance of the 
Flowers in profusion from August 


honeysuckle. 
until frost. 


Young plants $1.00 to readers of this magazine only ; 
regular $2.00 each. This ad. appears in no other magazine. 
Send for free copies of Rawson s Garden Manual for 1909 


and Special Dalia Catalogue 


W. W. RAWSON @® CO. 


SEEDSMEN 


Modern Plumbing 
Illustrated 


By R. M. STARBUCK 
400 (10% x74) Paces 


55 FuLL PaGes OF 
ENGRAVINGS 


PRICE, $4.00 


@ A comprehensive and 
up-to-date work illus- 
trating and describing 
the Drainage and Ven- 
tilation of Dwellings, 
Apartments and Public 
Buildings, etc. The 
very latest and most ap- 
proved methods in all 
branches of Sanitary In- 
stallation are given. 


@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 
trated follow in the next column. 


MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 


SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE, 363 BROADWAY, NEWYORK 


No. 1. Cottage Designs 
Twenty-five designs, ranging in 
cost from $600 to $1,500 

No. 2. Low Cost Houses 


Upward of twenty-five designs, 
costing from $750 to $2,500 


Cattage Designs 


No.3. fModern Dwellings 


Twenty designs, at costs ranging 
from $2,000 to $5,000 


No. 4. Suburban Homes 


Twenty selected designs, costing 
from about $3,000 upward 


BOSTON, MASS. 


SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for all 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 

Traps — Venting 

Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 

House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 

Floor and Yard Drains, ete. 

Rain Leaders 

Sub-soil Drainage 

Floor Connections 

Roof Connections 

Local Venting 

Bath Room Connections [ete. 

Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 

Use of Flushing Valves 

Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 

Durham System 

Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 

Automatic Sewage Lift —Sump Tank 

Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
High Buildings 


| Country Plumbing 


Cesspools 

The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 

Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 

Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 

Examples of Poor Practice 

Roughing — Testing 

Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Circuit and Loop Venting 

Use of Special este and Vent Fittings 

Cellar Work 

House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
Plumbing for Cottage House 

Plumbing for Residence 

Plumbing for Two-Flat House 

Plumbing for Apartment Houses 

Plumbing for Office Building 

Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 

Plumbing for Bath Establishment 

Plumbing for Engine Houses 

Plumbing for Stables 

Plumbing for Factories 

Plumbing for School Houses, ete. [by Electricity 
Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 


By far the most complete 
collection of plans ever 
brought out # Illustrated 
with full-page plates 7 # 


$1 each ® Sold separately 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
361 BROADWAY :: NEW YORK 


xix 


XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1909 


Soda Cracker Logic 


Any baker can make an ordinary soda 


cracker —but to produce Uneeda Biscuit 
requires the specially fitted bakeries of the 


NATIONAL 
BISCUIT 
COM PANY 


All soda crackers are food. But there 
is only ove soda cracker highest in food 
value as well as best in freshness. Of 
course, that soda cracker is 


Uneeda ¢ 
Biscuit 


BUILDING A BEAUTIFUL HOME IS EASY 


If you get theright plans from the right architect. It is not a matter of money, but 

of knowing how to design properly and plan economically. I do this. Buy my 

books and prove it, or write me about your special plans. 

Picturesque Suburban Houses. By mail,#2.00. Distinctive designs for cement, 
stone and frame houses from $3000 up. Complete descriptions and estimates. 

Book of Bungalows. By mail, $2.00. All new and artistic designs for one 
and one-and-a-half story bungalows, from $1000 up. 

Picturesque Summer Cottages. Vcl. 3. By mail, $1,00. Beautiful 
designs for stone or shingle homes, rustic summer cottages and bungalows. 

Camps, Cabins and Shacks. By mail, $2.00. Forty unusual and practical 
designs. Over half of buildings to cost between $350 and $1000. 

E. E. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


It Don’t Pay to Feed Hens That Don’t Lay 


We have for sale 100 pure bred yearling White 
Leghorn hens—all laying to-day—$2.00 each. Also 
5 cockerels $5.00 each, or we will divide the lot to 
suit—Settings of 15 eggs, $2.00. 


BELLE HILL WHITE LEGHORN RANGE, Elkton, Md. 


the rain water as well as to the water pumpea 
into tanks from springs. In the latter case, 
however, the pumping may be done daily and 
the stored water will thus be kept fresh and 
clean. Stored drinking water becomes stale 
and obtains a bad taste from the storage tank. 

We are thus forced back in many cases upon 
the old-fashioned hand pump or well for our 
drinking water. So much has been said about 
the contamination of well water that many are 
afraid to drink water from it. “This fear is 
well founded, too, unless we know something 
about the well. In densely populated sections 
the old wells should invariably be closed, be- 
cause few of them remain uncontaminated by 
the drainage from surrounding houses and 
leaky sewage pipes. In thinly populated places 
the well water may be as pure as any water 
obtainable. But the slope of the land, and the 
location of the barn, cesspools and house drain- 
age must all be considered. Does this drain- 
age run into the well? If so, there is danger 
lurking in every drop of water drawn from it. 

In connection with the water supply system, 
therefore, the question of drainage is more or 
less involved. Not that the two must be 
worked out together in one comprehensive 
system, but if the drainage is going to inter- 
fere with the water it must be changed and 
improved. Sometimes it is easier to change 
the drainage than to close up an old well. 
Surface drainage can very easily be changed 
so as to flow in a different direction from the 
well. Small underdrains of porous, open pipes 
can be laid below the subsoil so that they will 
catch all the drainage and carry it from the 
house in any direction needed. ‘hese un- 
der drains will also make the house healthier 
by freely removing all moisture from around 
it, thus reducing any tendency to damp cellars. 
Hidden streams and pockets will be tapped 
and the surplus water carried off. 

Sewage must also be removed scientifically. 
A modern cesspool or bacterial sewage closet, 
properly constructed, is far more sanitary than 
running the sewage into some shallow stream. 
The latter method will soon become penalized 
by State and county laws. It is the most com- 
mon method of spreading disease. A sanitary 
cesspool of two compartments, so that bacterial 
action or decomposition can go on rapidly in 
one, is the safest system. ‘The cesspool should 
be made of brick or stones tightly cemented 
so that water will not leak through the joints. 
Into the first compartment the sewage pours, 
and into the second it trickles slowly, so that 
little agitation is caused. In the latter place 
then the millions of bacteria will decompose 
the solids and permit the sewage to pass off as 
a liquid. If overflow pipes are connected with 
this compartment the liquid sewage can be 
carried to lower ground and finally disposed 
of in the soil. Before it reaches any spring or 
underground water supply, then, it will be 
purified of its offensiveness and dangerous 
poisons. One thus protects his own home and 
drinking water as well as eliminates the dan- 
ger to neighbors. 


P ETRY cee 
Ornamental 
AND HARDWOOD FLOORS 
Old Style Carpets do not meet the requirements of the 
modern house; Parquetry Flooring is now holding their 
place. ‘his is everlasting, inexpensive and most pleasing 


in effect. Write fordesigns, Red Oak Flooring #%x1¥% in. 
for room 10x12, $9.60. Mantels, Tile, Grilles, Fly Screens. 


W. F. OSTENDORE, 2923 N. Broad St., Philadelphia 


Art Stone Lawn Furniture 


Will last for centuries, do not have to be taken in and 


stored during winter months. Do not have to be 
painted. Don’t fail to write for photographs and 
prices of our Cast Stone and Cast Iron Lawn Furni- 
ture. The low prices will interest you. 


SIDNEY CEMENT STONE CO., Sidney, O. 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XXI 


THE HEN HOUSE 
By Ida D. Bennett 


HE hen house for the accommodation of 
the small domestic flock will not differ 
materially from that of the more ambi- 

tious poultry raiser, as the rule in large plants 
is toward the use of small or colony houses 
rather than of large houses accommodating a 
large number of fowls. The same require- 
ments which make for the comfort of the 
fowls are equally necessary in the home flock— 
a tight, warm house, well lighted and con- 
venient in arrangement so that the care of the 
flock may be comfortably attended to and the 
time spent among them prove a pleasure. 

To secure desirable results the house need 
be neither expensive nor ornamental, but it 
must be substantial and of sufficient size to 
accommodate the number of fowls kept with 
room for expansion. It must be absolutely 
draftproof, which means airtight on three 
sides at least, though the fourth, which should 
always front the south, may be wide open if 
necessary. 

Personally I do not like the open-front 
house, but I think the muslin front, modified 
to the extent of covering a portion of the win- 
dow space with thin muslin, an excellent idea, 
as it allows the admission of air to the house 
at night without the addition of moisture, and 
on stormy days when a south wind makes nec- 
essary the closing of windows the muslin 
opening admits a current of fresh air unat- 
tended with wind or moisture. 

The location of the poultry house is of first 
importance, though I am aware that this is 
sometimes arbitrary owing to the restricted 
limits of a city or suburban lot. It is usually 
possible, however, to control the exposure or 
location of the windows, which should always 
front the south and the building should, if 
possible, be protected on the north and on 
the side of the prevailing winds by other 
buildings or anything which wil! break the 
force of the wind. Evergreens form one of 
the most successful means of protection. A 
tall growth of evergreens on the windward 
side of the hen house and parks makes the 
situation pleasant both summer and winter. 

It is not really necessary that one should go 
to the expense of an entirely new building for 
the housing of poultry; frequently one has 
an outbuilding which, with a little planning 
and Jabor, may be converted into a comfort- 
able house, or a portion of the barn may be 
partitioned off for the purpose, but the isolated 
building is to be preferred as insuring freedom 
trom rats which are always attracted about a 
barn by the grain. 

In adapting an idle structure into a poultry 
house, my own experience may be helpful. 

This little building, originally used as a 
shelter for a horse running in pasture, was 
so open as to give one a fair view of the sur- 
rounding landscape from every side, so plenti- 
ful were the cracks between the boards. Sufh- 
cient old lumber was found about the place to 
close up the inside of the studding, leaving a 
four-inch space between the boards which was 
packed full of dry leaves to the eaves, except 
on the south side where an opening large 
enough for two sash was cut, the remainder of 
the space being lined and packed like the rest. 
The outside boards were then battened with 
lath and the inside lined with tarred paper, 
Jath being used to hold it in place. The east 
end was fitted with a platform and narrow 
perches, and a small door under the windows 
gave the fowls egress to the barnyard, while 
a door in the west end admitted to the scratch- 
ing shed which protected the building from 
the west winds. The building has no floor, 
but a gravel one that is higher than the sur- 
rounding land and is fairly dry and comfort- 


The bride’s wise choice 


“From our new cottage home 

“T shall omit the useless in- 

“ner doors, mantels, extra 

“chimneys, fancy lamps that 

“are never lighted, books 

“which are never read, vases 

“which contain no flowers, etc. Let us 
“first purchase an outfit of 


AMERICAN |DEAL 


RADIATORS BOILERS 


“because -they save much coal, need no repairs, keep all ashes, smoke, 
“and soot out of the living-rooms, are safe, and will last as long as 
“the cottage shall stand. These savings and economies will help in 
“time to pay for the finer furnishings.” 


“The cottage will be kept cozily warm all over, and the family health thus 
“protected. If we prosper and move to a larger house, we will get our full 
“money back, or 10% to 15% higher rental to cover cost, as IDEAL Boilers 
“and AMERICAN Radiators do not rust out or wear out.” 


Those who know that happiness depends so much upon the comfort and 
healthfulness of the 2 
home, whether newly- 
weds or longweds, are 
urged to write us at once. 


Our outfits are as quickly put 
into OLD buildings as in 
new—farm or city—and this 
is just the season to get the 
services of the most skillful 
Fitters. Prices are now most 
favorable. 


Cerio, = Eerie: sth g 

A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 600 A No. 22 IDEAL Boiler and 240 ft. 
ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, 
costing the owner $245, were used costing the owner $110, were used 
to Hot-Water heat this cottage. to Hot-Water heat this cottage. 

At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. 
This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- 
tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. 


AMERICANRADIATOR COMPANY 


IDEAL Water 
Boiler 


Write Dept. 6 
CHICAGO 


Showrooms 
in all large cities 


Don’t Injure Your! Hair with Old-F ashioned lone Use ‘ 


. The “DEL” Electric Curling Iron | 


The only detachable curling iron ever invent- | The ‘Del’? is quickly heated from the in- 
ed. e ‘*Del’’ has nothing to get out of 
order—nothing to break or bend—offers no 
chance to scorch the hair or burn the fingers. 
No soot or smoke from gas or lamp to soil 
the hair. No fear of making the hair 
coarse or brittle. The ‘‘Del’’ saves all 
these and _beautifies the hair, for its 
electric heat instills new life, while 
its highly polished surface imparts 
a glowing lustre. The ‘Del’’ is 
easily attached to any ordinary elec- 
_ tric light fixture, and so simple any lady 
can use it. It makes more beautiful and lus- 
trous Marcel Waves, Curls and Pompadours 
than ee ppeeible with any old-fashioned curling 
iron and causes the hair to remain in curi for 
several days longer, 


DEL SALES COMPANY, Dept. N, Monadnock Bldg. 


side—evenly heated from end toend at just ff 
the proper degree for hair dressing. The ff 
heat is retained to allow the iron to be de- J 
tached and used in another room if desired. [J 
It never heats in spots and cannot be over- 
heated to scorch or injure the hairlikethe Ff 
ordinary iron. You will be surprised and 
delighted to find how quickly, easily and 
erfectly you can dress your hair in the 
atest fashion with the ‘‘Del.”’ ; 

Try the “Del” 5 Days at Our Expense 
Then, if you are willing to part with it,send ff 
it back—we'll pay express both ways—and ff 
cheerfully refund your money. Price of the [] 
‘Del’? is $3.75, express prepaid. Send to us]J 
if your local dealer or electric station can- J 
not supply you. : 


SLL dmma CHICACO, ILL. 


» OOKSECO. CLEVELAN..0: 
7 ‘FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. 


~OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
| SEND FoR CATALOGUE. 


9 You can 
surpass the 
work of any 
skilled hair dresser who uses 
an old-fashioned curling iron, 


ty 


Silica 


Dixon’s canite Paint Lasts 


And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. What 
have inert pigments to do with it? Our Booklet 106B will tell you. 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


BUNUALOV 


ADFORD’S ARTISTIC BUNGALOWS is a new book just 
off the press and illustrates 208 designs of Bungalows. 

It is the result of a year’s work of our California repre- 
sentative and contains designs suitable for any climate and for every 
material. The designs show the Bungalows as they will appear when 
built, and the floor plans show the arrangementand the size of the rooms. 
Estimated cost of construction given, ranging from $900 to 5000. 

The book is printed from the finest half-tones, on the best enameled 
paper, and is handsomely bound. Price $1.00, postpaid. 


CEMENT HOUSES 2h? How To 


This book contains illustrated details of cement construction, stand- 
ard specifications for cement blocks, general information concerning 
waterproofing, coloring, cement plaster work, etc., together with per- 
spective views, and floor plans of 87 cement, plaster and concrete block 
houses. Cloth bound, price $1.00, postpaid. 


THE RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL CO., 
261 Broadway, New York Dept. A.H. 185 Jackson Poulevard, Chicago 


eee Your Trees 


role rien "=> -Tiave Life and 


Deserve to Live! 


___ Trees are almost human, staunch and loyal, but do you appre- 
ciate them as you should? Are you as loyal to them as they 
are to you? 

ay When you were a child, doubtless every tree about the old home was as 
_ much a thing of personality as the horses and dogs you loved—the boys and 

girls you trudged to school with. 
Perhaps to each tree you gave a name—the sturdy old oak close by the road; the 
trusty and faithful elm that towered high above the roof peak of the house; and the 

weeping willow in the fence corner close by the driveway. 

SS turned one day from a ride and threw her whipin the corner—a mere slip of 
- willow she had found that afternoon; how days passed and the slip took root; 
how years passed and it became the weeping willow that you knew. 

Still other years have passed and the struggles of life have caused you to forget, 
maybe, the tree-friends of your childhood. The old oak was wounded, had not 


Possibly you were told the legend of mother’s mother, who, when but a girl in her teens, re- J 


ie proper care, and died. A mighty storm lacerated the mammoth elm; it was 
«~ neglected, and today is a mere wreck of its former self. Only a dying trunk stands 4 


to remind you of the legend of the weeping willow, 


aun é paths . 
Pin - The lives of these trees might have beenpreserved, had you not forgotten to love and 


care for them as you did of old. All the trees are your friends—entities indeed; worthy 
o- of every token of tenderness and every care you can bestow upon them. They cannot 
complain to you, and today they may appear healthy, while dying within. 


HB ee 
John Davey’s lifework has been the care of trees—their treatment when sick, their treat- 
ment when wounded, their protection from destroying enemies. The Davey methods 
are sure ones—the result of nearly fifty years’ practical experience with trees. No matter J 
what ails your trees, if not too far gone, the Davey experts can save them. 
The Davey School of Practical Forestry, at Kent, Ohio, is the culmination of John 
Davey’s great eflort for the recognition of the life and needs of trees Its corps of 
highly trained experts are at your service—they can restore your trees to a condition 
f that means years of added usefulness and beauty. For the askine, you can have 
our handsome illustrated booklet O, telling you all about the Davey methods. 
Mr. John Davey, Tarrytown, N. Y. 26 Broadway, New York, July 15, 1907. 
My Dear Sir: It gives me pleasure to express the satisfaction I feel over the work 
done on my trees at Tarrytown. Their need of attention, which you plainly indicated, 
was a revelation to me, and I feel that your work was thoroughly and efficiently done 
and will serve not only to beautify but perpetuate the lives of the trees. I beg also 
to certify to the courtesy and industrious character of your employees 
Very truly yours, JOHN D. ARCHBOLD 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. 


(Operating Davey’s School of Pr:ctical Forestry) " 
Yay \ 
os 


Main Office: KENT, OHIO —_ Eastern Office: TARRYTOWN, N.Y. fh, 


a ae : : wy 
“The Home of Tree Surgery” = 


Address nearest office 
ddre earest office SS 


FOR SALE STAMFORD, CONN. — 
Gentleman’s Country Estate; 245 

acres; improved property; fine stone residence with three bath- 
rooms; steam heat; 25 other buildings, including magnificent 
cow stable accommodating 100 head; splendid horse stable; 
carriage house and gar- 

age ;city water;electric 

light; modern plumb- 

ing; Rippowam river 

flowsthrough property. 


SEND FOR 26-PAGE ILLUSTRATED BOOKLE 


HOPKINS &@ BOYD 
312 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK 


Elkhart Buggies 


are the best made, best grade and easiest riding 
buggies on earth for the money. 


FOR THIRTY-SIX YEARS 


we have been selling direct and are 
The Largest Manufacturers in the World 


selling to the consumer exclusively. 

We ship for examination and approval, guar- 
anteeing safe delivery, and also to save you 
money. If you are not satisfied as to style, 
quality and price you are nothing out. 


May We Send You Our 
Large Catalogue? 


Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. 
Elkhart, - - = «=: Indiana 


Our well-equipped 
Book Department 
is prepared to rec- 
ommend & supply 
As os ee 


MUNN & CO. 


Relating to Archi- 
tecture, Ceramics, 
Decoration, Rugs, 
Furniture, etc. ss: 


NEW YORK 


May, 1909 


able, but an earth floor can never be kept as 
dry as a board one, and the chickens tear it 
to pieces so thoroughly that it is apt to be un- 
satisfactory. ‘The best floor for the poultry 
house is one of boards or of cement elevated at 
least a foot above the ground so as to be en- 
tirely free from dampness. The cement floor 
has the advantage of being easily cleansed and 
disinfected and having no cracks (if properly 
made) to harbor vermin and disease germs, 
but it is far colder in winter than a board 
floor, and, unless kept well covered with straw 
or other litter, is hard for the fowls to alight 
on when flying down from perches or nests. 

The walls of the house should be double, 
and where one is building, and need not con- 
sider expense too closely, a liberal use of tar 
paper or roofing will prove a wise precaution. 
This should be nailed directly to each side of 
the studding before the siding and lining is 
placed, and the paper should extend up on to 
the rafters and over on to the floor joists, thus 
shutting out any drafts of air at these impor- 
tant points. It will be money well expended if 
the floor studding is covered with the paper 
before the floor is laid, as this insures not only 
a warm, but also a dry floor. Smooth, 
matched boards take whitewash better and 
look far better than the paper when white- 
washed. Care should be used in applying the 
paper to lap it sufficiently, and if it is stuck 
together with tar or cement it will be still bet- 
ter, especially in lining the floor. 

And lastly the boarding on the outside 
should be carefully battened and all door and 
window frames carefully fitted, and the whole 
made sanitary by the installation of a practical 
ventilator, or the use of a movable sash of 
muslin which may be used when the weather ° 
prevents the opening of windows or doors for 
fresh air, for fresh air is one of the indispensa- 
ble conditions of a successful poultry house. 

The perches should occupy the warmest part 
of the house, but should be at one side or end, 
and as far from the windows as possible. Not 
much room is required for perches, one square 
foot of space being ample for each fowl. A 
platform of matched boards, not over eighteen 
inches high and three feet wide, should be 
erected to hold the perches, which should be 
made of light stuff, so that they can be easily 
taken down to clean and to examine for the 
presence of lice. Never erect stationary 
perches, or those that are hinged or in any way 
attached to the wall. If the perching place is 
long, make the perches in sections which can 
be easily handled. Eight inch fence boards 
will answer for the frame, and narrow strips 
of wood, two inches wide and slightly rounded 
on the edges, do for the perches; these should 
be placed a foot apart. The platform should 
be a few inches wider than the perches, to 
afford room to alight. The space under the 
perches may be utilized for nests, and a swing- 
ing platform, which will hold a number of 
nests and may be swung out to clean and 
inspect, will be found very convenient. 

Do not cumber up the floor space with use- 
less contrivances for holding all sorts of truck; 
loose, movable troughs to hold mash, which 
may be stood up against the wall out of the 
way, are necessary, and these should be ample 
enough to allow of the fowls feeding without 
crowding; a very good trough is made of two 
eight inch fence boards nailed together in “V” 
shape, the end board extending several inches 
above the top of the trough and having a 
strong wire drawn through the upper ends 
across the top of the trough; this prevents the 
hens getting into the trough; a piece of wood 
in the center of the trough will serve to brace 
it and afford a convenient handle to lift it 
with. 

At a convenient height for the hens to reach 
a rack may be placed along one wall to hold 
the oyster shells, grit, charcoal, and the like. 

Six square feet of floor space, exclusive of 


May, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Xxili 


“Seeing is Believing” 


“Cheap” Mission Furniture is an 
abomination, but it is no reflection 
on honest, high-grade furniture that 
it can be bought for less than half 
the retail store price—especially 
when you szow what you are get- 
ting. Our plan of sell- 
ing ‘‘Come-Packt” Sec- 
tional Furniture direct 
from our factory to the 
user cuts out suchuse- 
less and heavy selling 
expenses that our low 
pricesarelogical. What 
is better still, there can 
r be no doubt as to that 
most important consideration—the gualty. 

You see just what you get—and you get 

Quarter Sawed , : - 
White Oak—rich 
in beautiful flake 
and grain. Select- 
ed stock of this 
kind costs twice 
as much as the 
plain sawed red 
or white oak used ; 
in most furniture. No stain disguises cheaper 
substitutes in our furniture; no defects can be 
concealed. It comes ‘‘in 
the white’’—a solid satis- 
* faction to the most criti- 
cal, and a big saving in 
the cost to you. 

The assembling of the 
finished sections and the 
application of the stain 
we send (you can choose 
from seven kinds) is 
simple, easy, and a matter of an hour or two at 


ral 


most, depending 
on the size of the 
piece. All the 


hard work is done at 
our factory—even the 
holes bored for screws 
—and you thus have 
the joy of creation, 
shorn of all the ar- 2 
duous detail and $17.75 


ll th ifficulties. 
= e 3 di calties To illustrate, the Morris 


_ Chair at the head of this ar- 
ticle comes in four completed 
sections. The two sides are 
each entirely assembled, the 
front rail fitted to slip into 
the mortised joints, as is also 
the back rail with hinged 
backattached. The cushions 
are all made, ready to drop in- 
to place. The Settle is equally 
simple, and even the massive 
Dining Table is one of the 
simplest piecesto put together; 
there are but five sections. 


A Tempting Assortment 


Over 100 other cor- 
rectly designed and 
beautifully pro- 
portioned pieces 
are shown in our 
new 48-page cata- 
log, just off the 
press. It will 
prove fascinating 
to the lover of ar- 
tistic Arts and 
Crafts furniture— 
it will delight the 
housewife—and it will please the man who pays the 
bills. Write 
us to-day and 
we will mail 
a copy free, 
and tell you of 
our liberal 
guarantee that 
enables us to 
say “‘Your 
money backif 
you say so.”” Address 


The International Manufacturing Co. 
539 Edwin Street, Ann Arbor, Mich. 


With 3 Leaves 


the roosting quarters, should be allowed for 
each fowl, and accommodation should be 
afforded for at least twice the number of fowls 
it is intended to keep, as there will always be 
extra fowls, cockerels and pullets, which one 
will wish to cull out in the fall, which must 
be provided for. The house should be divided 
through the center by a lath or wire partition, 
to enable one to separate the cockerels from the 
rest of the flock, so as to feed them more 
heavily than it is desired to do the hens which 
are to be kept in laying order. Make all doors 
wide enough for free entrance and egress. 


Garden Work About the Home 


(Continued from page xtv) 


Young trees often hold many of their dead 
leaves until spring, by which time they have 
faded to a pale, silvery yellow, which is al- 
most white compared to the dark russet color 
of the dead leaves on the English beech. 
Both are delightful in winter, whether seen in 
broad sunlight or in the intense, though dif- 
fused, light of a snowy day. 

The sound of snow or rain falling on the 
dry leaves is most soothing on a winter’s 
night, if the tree is near one’s bedroom win- 
dow. Every gust of wind is noised by their 
fluttering. 

The tree has no serious diseases or insect 
pests, and should be planted more frequently. 
It is a little hard to grow, because it is depend- 
ent upon a bacteria in the soil, and if that is 
not present the tree, though alive, may not 
increase in size for years. Inoculating the 
new site with soil from an established beech 
grove is said to work well. 

Beech nuts are pleasantly sweet, but too 
small to bother to eat except out of doors. 


NEW BOOKS 


BuNGALowcrRaFT. Edited by Henry Men- 
ken. Los Angeles: H. A. Eymann. Pp. 
120. Price, postpaid, $1.00. 


A useful book abundantly illustrated with 
plans, elevations, interiors, and details of 
many kinds. Some of the exteriors are from 
photographs; others from drawings. It is a 
book designed to really help in the building 
of bungalows, and it accomplishes its purpose 
in a very successful way. All the bungalows 
are priced approximately, and while this is a 
guide to California only, it is not without 
value to those who may use this book as a 
guide to the building of bungalows in the East. 


ALPINES AND Boc-Piants. By Reginald 
Farrer. London: Edward Arnold. Pp. 
12+288. 

Mr. Farrer is an enthusiast on his subject, 
and writes with enthusiasm. “This means an 
interesting volume, a book crammed with use- 
ful, helpful suggestive knowledge, and a 
model handbook of a specialistic topic. It is 
a book intended for a special class of plant 
lovers, but both rock and marshy gardens are 
coming more and more into popularity, and 
it is well to have so useful a book as this at 
the very threshold of a new movement. Mr. 
Farrer writes at length of his favorite flowers, 
but nowhere does he tell us too much of them. 
His practical experience has been of the 
widest, and he makes his extended studies and 
experiments the basis of his present handbook. 


S tud ly 
Alcchitetture 


EASY ERSS ONS 
OR, STEPPING STONE TO 


ARCHITECTURE 


Bip OWS Magri 


SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a 
series of plain and simple answers to 
questions all about the various orders as 
well as the general principles of construction. 
The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy 
cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav- 


ings, amongst which are illustrations of various 
historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size, 


and is attractively bound in cloth. 


PRICESEIFALY, CENMS, POSTPAID 


Munn &§ Co., 361 Broadway, New York 


JUST PUBLISHED 
Bungalows, Camps & 
Mountain Houses 


Consisting of a large variety of designs by a 
number of architects, showing buildings that 
have been erected in all parts of the country. 
Many of these are intended for summer use. 
while other examples are of structures erected in 
California and the Southern States for perma- 
nent residences. Also Camps, Hunters’ Lodges, 


Log Cabins, etc. The book contains 
Seventy Separate Designs 


of which several are Log Cabins and Camps 


78 Exterior Views, 12 Interior Views 
and 69 Floor Plans 


In the text is given an articleon “The Bungalow,” 
with hints on selection of site, sanitation, lay- 
out and construction, together with a very com- 
plete description of each design, with cost where 
it could be obtained. The work is intended to 
meet the needs of a large class of people who are 
planning summer homes at low and moderate cost, 
for erection in the Woods, Mountains, and on 
Lake and Seashore. Size 8x91% inches, bound in 
illustrated boards. Price, $2.00 postpaid. 


MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 
361 Broadway, New York 


Details of Building 
Construction 


A collection of 33 plates of scale 
drawings with introductory text 


By CLARENCE A. MARTIN 
Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, 
Cornell University 


This book is 10x12 inches in size, and 
substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 


MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


Volume for 1905 


Bound Volumeso 


$3.50 
aLmevican Fomes 5550" 
and Gardens ot eerie 1907 


MUNN & CO., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 


XXIV 


The book concludes with a helpful chapter on 
the water garden, and is handsomely illus- 
trated with really beautiful photographs. 
There is a detailed index. 


A GuInE To Tapestry PAINTING AND STEN- 
ciLinc. Philadelphia: F. Weber & Co. 
Pp. 64. Price, 50 cents. 

This is a useful little handbook, intended 
to promote the agreeable art of tapestry paint- 
ing and stenciling in liquid tapestry dyes and 
tapestry oil colors. ‘The directions are very 
precise and definite, and will be found of prac- 
tical value to those undertaking work of this 
kind. It is illustrated with numerous pat- 
terns of stencils, and contains full lists of the 
materials and implements needed. 


THE Piate Cotiector’s Guipe. By Percy 
Macquoid. New York: Imported by 
Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 12+200. 


This handbook will be eagerly welcomed 
by the collectors of old plate. It is avowedly 
an abbreviation of the more exhaustive work 
on “Old English Plate,” by the late W. J. 
Cripps. The present handbook contains, in 
a condensed form, those portions of Old Eng- 
lish Plate necessary to a reader wishing to 
acquire a general knowledge on the subject, 
additions being made in certain sections that 
are assumed to be of interest to the collector. 

The abbreviations and omissions, that give 
individual character to the present work, are 
principally confined to historical and technical 
details that are impossible to compress into a 
volume of this size. “The chapter in the larger 
work on ecclesiastical plate has been excluded, 
but substantial additions have been made to 


the discussion of tankards, porringers, salts, 


smaller cups, spoons and forks. 

The book is illustrated in handsome form, 
and is embellished with numerous photograph 
plates. The illustrations of marks and date 
letters is very full. 


NATURE Stupy. A MANuaAL For TEACH- 
ERS AND STUDENTS. By Frederick L. 
Holtz. New York: Charles Scribner’s 
Sons. Pp. 14+546. 

It has been no slight task to prepare an ade- 
quate text book for the guidance of nature 
teachers, as that immensely varied topic is now 
interpreted in American schools. ‘The special- 
ist may differ with Mr. Holtz in some minor 
matters, but as to the general excellence of his 
book there can be no doubt. It is divided into 
three parts. “The first is devoted to a discus- 
sion of underlying principles and methods. 
The second contains appropriate subject mat- 
ter of a biological nature, with practical hints 
and suggestions on the collection and care of 
material, and the presentation of lessons. ‘The 
third consist of a course of nature study for 
the eight school grades. The book is, of 
course, intended as an aid and guide to the 
practical teacher, and hence is written from 
the teaching and school point of view. But 
the nature lover who has long since passed 
school age may here recall some of the rural 
pleasures of his youth, and, if not for himself, 
at least for the younger members of his house- 
hold, gain many an agreeable and useful fact 
that cannot but add to the interest of his coun- 
try home. 


THE Book oF FisH AND FISHING. By Louis 
Rhead. New York: Charles Scribner’s 
Sons. Pp. 14+306. Price, $1.50 net. 

Although presented in a small sized page, 
convenient for the pocket, this book is a com- 
plete compendium of practical advice to guide 
those who angle for all fishes in fresh and salt 
water. ‘This seems a large subject for a small 
book, but Mr. Rhead brings an admirable art 
of condensation and compression to his book 
and has condensed a multitude of facts within 
its covers that must be both helpful and in- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


OWNhere A Brooms 
CanZt Go Y 


The Bissell Sweeper is the every-day | 
I] necessity and convenience of the home. i 
It reaches the dust under couches, beds 
and other places where it is awkward and }{ 
| distressing to use a corn broom, making 
an easy task of what is ordinarily a hard- 
ship. ‘The superiority of the 


Bissell 


Sweeper is recognized throughout the 
world, and over nine million homes can 
testify to its efficiency and labor-savin+* 
qualities. It performs its work so easily, 
quietly and thoroughly as to win the 
everlasting approval of the user. It has 
robbed sweeping day of its terror, making | 
the work a pleasant pastime instead of a i 
disagreeable drudgery. f 

Bear in mind its great economy in 
dollars and cents, as it will last longer 
than fifty corn brooms. 


Buy of your dealer now, 
send us the purchase slip 
within one week, and we 
will send you FREE a good 
quality Morocco leather card 
case with no printing on it. 

Prices $2.50 to $6.50. 

Free booklet upon 
request. 


Address Dept. 125 


Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 


(Largest and only ex- 
clusive carpet sweeper 
makers in the 


Established 1875 
s WHICH GIVES THAT 

“«R t Cc Work’ ARTISTIC FINISH TO 
uS 1 COUNTRY ESTATES 


This beautiful Rustic Settee, delivered to 
your station $10, will last a lifetime. 


Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, 
Pergolas, Back Stopsfor TennisCourts, Rustic Bridges 
for Ravines, Entrance Gates, in fact Rustic Work of 


every description. 
Give the Birds 
A Home 


Rustic Bird Houses 


One Room, $2.00 
Two Rooms, $3.00 
Send for catalogue and 


sketches or have our repre- 
sentative call upon you. 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton St., New York 
H. I. PINCKNEY, Manager 


May, 1909 


forming to every lover of the sportsman’s art 
of fishing. But it is angling only that he is 
concerned with. It is not Mr. Rhead’s pur- 
pose to tell his readers how to get every sort 
of fish out of the water, but those best known 
for gameness and economic value, and he 
offers suggestive helps both to the untried fish- 
erman and to those who may have acquired 
some familiarity with this art. The book is, 
in short, a miniature encyclopedia of angling 
knowledge and may be sure of a hearty wel- 
come. 


Home Lire In GERMANY. By Mrs Alfred 
Sidgwick. New York: The Macmillan 
Cor Epy057.327). 

This charming and delightful book is from 
the pen of an author of German parentage, 
but born and bred in England. Writing for 
English readers she is perfectly at home in 
Germany, and attacks her subject from the 
home side with unusual penetration. Writing 
from the inside, as it were, of her subject, 
she is entirely alive to the audience to whom 
she is appealing. Her book is, in fact, a true 
picture of home life as interpreted by the Ger- 
mans. It is, of course, no guide to living. It 
makes no pretense to tell how to do things; 
it offers no suggestions on the conduct of the 
home or of making a living from the soil. 
Even structures and decoration are omitted in 
their constructive aspects. But the author has 
looked into many German homes many, many 
times; she has lived in them as a German, and 
she knows whereof she writes. Her chapters 
are real pencil sketches, presented with an 
abundance of keen insight and much familiar- 
ity. Here, at last, we know the German 
home life as it really is. It is a book of great 
charm, delightfully written, and illustrated in 
a handsome manner. 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 


(Continued from page tx) 


aid you in feeding the birds. ‘These allies 
are of so much importance to us that we 
must count them into the family, and include 
them in our general garden arrangement. A 
few mountain ash trees will give the largest 
amount of dinners for robins and some other 
birds of any tree that I know. Next in 
value I should place the wild cherries. In 
this case you have very handsome shade trees 
and good timber wood. ‘The wood of the 
mountain ash is of no value, but the tree is 


one of the prettiest for the lawn. When 
loaded with its fruit in autumn it is the 
handsomest thing in all our flora. A hedge 


of tartarian honeysuckle furnishes an excellent 
amount of bird feed during July and August. 
Robins and catbirds are very fond of these 
berries, leaving the berry field to devour them. 
To these add in your shrubbery lawn a few 
bushes of Viburnum opulus, and you will have 
not only a splendid shrub, but food prepared 
for winter birds—drawing the cedar birds 
and pine grosbeaks. I consider this a very 
essential part of my small fruit growing and 
orchard growing. 


Don’t be knocked over by stenches 
from backyard debris 
a Are conditions at the 
back of your house as at- 
tractiveas inthis picture? 
Why not look up The 
Stephenson Method, seven 
years on the market, 
and if satisfied protect 
“the health of your 
family by installing The 
Stephenson Underground 
Garbage Receiver. which 
removes all objections 
of the old swill tub. 
The Stephenson Underground Refuse Receiver for ashes, etc. The 
Stephenson Underground Earth Chsets fot camps. The Stephenson 
Portable Metal House for camps. The Stephenson Spiral Ribbed Ash 
Barrel outwears two. 


SOLD DIRECT. Send for circulars on each. 
C. H. Stephenson, Mfr., 21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass. 


SNe 


FLOORS & 


| 


PR 


PAINT-MAKING PAINT MIXING 
EXPERIENCE °° EXPERIMENT 


It doesn’t pay to experzment with paint— 
Because it’s always at your expense. 
Now, every batch of hand-mixed Lead and 
Oil paint is more-or-less an experiment— 
You can’t be sure of the grade of your in- 
gredients—the raw materials— 
4 And you can’t be at all sure of proper mzx- 
| zzg—It’s all guess-work—you can’t know 
whether you’ve got a good paint until you put 
it to actual wear and weather test— 
Maybe it’11 wear—maybe it won’t— 
| You simply take chances. 
But, you don’t eed to experiment— 
i 
H 
4 


There’s ove paint that’s the result of tried- 
out expertence—That’s 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 
Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


The culmination of thirty-five years of pro- 
gressive paint-making experience. 

It’s a paint made by exact formulas— 

And these ingredients are thoroughly ground 
together by the best possible paint-grinding 
machinery—Thus the oil and the pigments are 
combined into the best paint-liquid— 

That’s why “‘High Standard”’ Paint spreads 
easier—hides better—wears longer, and leaves 
a bettersurfaceforrepainting. There’s a ‘“‘High 
Standard’’ Paint and Varnish for every purpose 
—Linduro, Vernicol Enamel White and Inte- 
rior Enamel are among them, and are just what 
you need for beautiful rooms. 

Write for Booklet, ‘‘The 
Owner's Responsibility.” 
THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY 
450-456 E. Third St., Dayton, Ohio. 
Boston New York —= Chicago Kansas City 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


Fireproofing Departments: 
ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK 

WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co.. Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 

CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg 

BUFFALO, N. Y.:; Buffalo Wire Works Co.. Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 

CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building 


KOLL’S PATENT 
LOCK-JOINT COLUMNS 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use are made exclusively by 


Se Hi p 5 ¥: 


; CEL PC Ig CS EI Be ONO SIRO 
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE i aN 


Shows many of small cost and elaborate ones too, State 
work desired, how much fence you want. number of 
gates, style of building, ete We will submit designs or 
Photographs and estimates, take measurements and 
erect if necessary. Satisfaction guaranteed. Also foun- 
tains, vases, settees, stable fittings. tree boxes. lanterns 
and ornamentaliron. Avents wanted, 


TEWART ¢ [iia 
Iron Fence) 


1726 Covington St., 
The LARGEST MAKERS of IRON FENCE in the WORLD 


Lud 


Elston and Webster Avenues 


HARTMANN-SANDERS and Webster A 
C 0 M PA N Y es Eastern peda ed preter ey 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See also "Sweet's Index.") 


CINCINNATI, 0. 


LS pee tire, no matter how poor has 
its patrons and its partisans; but the 
one true tire test is—time and travel. 

Find, among your friends, the old and experienced 

motorists—men who have driven cars for four, 
five or six years; and tried, perhaps, every prom- 
inent tire produced. 

In the majority of cases you’ll find them committed 

beyond the possibility of change to 


Hartford ‘Tires 


“The Tire That Lasts” 


There’s a definite, concrete reason for this—partially ex- 
pressed in the phrase Phe tire that lasts.”’ 

Hartford tires do last—because they are designed right to 
begin with; because the heavy tread is compounded 
exactly right; because the fabric is specially woven 
Sea Island Cotton; because the cushion is absolutely 
pure Para; because Hartford Inner Tubes are made to 
fit without folding, straining, or wrinkling, which 
means durability impossible in a tube vulcanized on 
a straight mandrel. 


If you are inexperienced in buying tires or dissatisfied with 
your experience, consult those who have driven long 
and hard—almost inevitably they will direct you to the 
Hartford Tire—‘‘The Tire That Lasts.’’ Ask for Hart- 
ford Clincher Tires and Tubes on your new car or 
try a set the next time you renew. 


The Hartford Rubber W orks Co., Hartford, Conn. ad 


; BRANCHES: 
NEW YORK, 57th St. and Broadway BOSTON, 817 Boylston St. ATLANTA, GA., 94 North Pryor St. 
CHICAGO, 12th St. and Michigan Ave. DETROIT, 256 Jefferson Ave. BUFFALO, 725 Main St. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1425 Vine Street DENVER, 1564 Broadway CLEVELAND, 1831 Euclid Ave. 


canine int adel s k aR AT AairimtN 


95 CENTS 


. 


PRICE 


Publishers 


MUNN & COMPANY, 


00 A YEAR 


$3 


BOUND VOLUMES OF 


American Homes and Gardens 


nustrations 1908 “nice, $3.00 


American Momes and Gardens covers a wide scope; it deals with 
house building from the design and 


construction of modest cottages on tiny lots to the building of mansions on large 
estates. All degrees of gardening, from laying out a landscape to the planting of a 
window-box, are dealt with. Pradtical questions of water supply, of sanitation, or 
of the arrangement of the kitchen receive equal treatment with draping of windows 
cr the arrangement of old china. 


American Momes and Wardens is beautifully printed. The year’ 


volume contains more than a thou- 
sand engravings, as full of detail and finish as actual photographs. They depict some 
of the old and historic mansions of America, and the most beautiful of gardens cr of 
natural scenery. The following list of a few of the principal practical articles which 
appear in American Homes and Gardens during 1908, will show the wide choice 
of subject: 


. ££...» aa 


Our line comprises the 
finest and most complete 
designs of high-class clocks 
on the market. Our move- 
ments are superior in 
nearly every detail and 
the purchaser is assured 
that he can buy the best 
by ordering a “Waltham.” 


We will soon have 
ready for delivery, our new 
Chiming Movement which 
chimes either Westmin- 
ster, Whittington or St. 
Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
Clock is a model of perfec- 
tion and appeals to those 
who desire a first-class 
article in every respect. 


Notable American Homes (12 descriptive 
articles) The Rose as a Summer Bedder 
—Private Automobile Garages—_Leaded 
Glass Windows—Etching on Copper 
and Brass—Problems in House Furn- 
ishing (12 papers) Garden Work About 
the Home(12 papers)—Indoor Bulb Cul- 
ture—Farming Experiment ofaWcmen 
—Rugs from the Scrap Bag— Water 
Parks—Old-Time Lights— Latches and 
Knockers—The Sun Room— Japanese 
Gardens in America— Sun-Dials — 
Heating and Lighting with Alcohol— 
Spring Houses Old and New—Plan- 
ning a Country Home—The House 
Roof and Its Garden—The Plant and 
the Season— Garden Streams and 
Bridges— Stencil Work in Home Dec- 
oration—Bungalows (12 articles)—Scien- 
tific Poultry Breeding. 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for illustrated catalogue. 


Waltham Clock Company 
Waltham, Mass. 


q A limited number of volumes for 1907 are available. 480 pages. 1,050 illus- 
trations. Price, $5.00. Volume for 1906, $5.00. Volume for 1905, $3.50. 


MUNN @® CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, N.Y. 


W hat 


[N no other magazine during 


1909 will be found the Draw- 


Collier’s ings of Charles Dana Gibson, 
C | Maxfield Parrish, and Frederic ————————eEeE————————EE——— 
; ontrols Remington, the Sherlock THE WEALTH OF NATIONS 
8 and What Holmes Stories of Conan 
lg Doyle, the Poems of Rudyard PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- 
Collier S Kipling, the Commentary on A vention for a term of seventeen years. You can 
Outdoor Life of Caspar Whit- sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and 
Otte rs ney. The work i Faerie grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent 
: } ; ‘del d system is responsible for much of our industrial 
Advertisers masters in widely separate progress and our success in competing in the markets of the 


fields will be read and enjoyed 
exclusively in the half-million 
families to which Collier’s goes 
every week. 


world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree 
commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. 
In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent 
Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. 
This is a special branch of the legal profession which 
can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly 
sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of 
clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- 
ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade 
Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one 
quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our 
unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult 
with you in person or by letter as to the probable 
patentability of your invention. 


The story told in your 
advertisement goes to this 
same half-million families 
—families where good 
Thingy tee Miter atic ant, 
and MERCHANDISE are 
appreciated to the point of 
possessing. 


Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on 
Application. 


ad oe cMUNN @® COMPANY 


625 F Street Solicitors of Patents_ 
Washington, D.C. ain Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


E, © PAT LERSON 


Manager Advertising Department 


CHICAGO BOSTON TORONTO 


NEW YORK 


June, 1909 


Wanamaker’s Three Exclusive 3 Aer és 


Wanamaker Auditorium. 


A 


mg 
ialala 
aT ALT NT 


= Taal saat 
ane = i : 
area nari II fis] im af 
2 ne TL 2; eH Wruill gs Se 


q 
5 ; FS | ea oe | ED 
A New York City land mark ee ee 
Monument of A. T. Stewart’s great- 
ness, reconstructed and rearranged 


now wholly as a Woman's Store. 


The Men’s Section occupying 
the entire Main Floor of the 


The New Wanamaker Building 
New Wanamaker Building. 


Fourteen Galleries of Furnishing 
and Decoration with work shops. 


A Point of Progress in Furnishing Homes 


the particulars of which are important to everybody building anew or reconstructing the old. 
It is now an admitted fact that we have worked out a great thought in constructing our large 
new building especially to install a new kind of Furnishing and Decoration business, wherein 
we have now upwards of three millions of dollars in fine and distinctive Furniture, Draperies and Floor 
Coverings and all that pertains to a home, and are able at all times to assemble and group the actual pieces 
of Furniture, Wall, Window and Floor Coverings and show by a staff of artistic and experienced men the 
harmonious furnishings of a single simple or elaborate room, or an entire mansion swung into balance and 
harmony, according to the individuality of the owner, with cost estimated, not by pictures or photographs, 
but definitely and reasonably by the actual articles. This business, just begun, is the growing quantity of 
the Wanamaker business, twelve years in New York and in Philadelphia for the last 48 years. Behind 
it there are all our valuable mistakes, and costly experiences and perfected systems, to enable us to perform in 
the best manner whatever we undertake. 

The House Palatial is a lofty, solidly built mansion of two stories within our building, with 24 spacious 
rooms, furnished equally well with many of the best of the Fifth Avenue residences. Smaller and simpler 
buildings are in course of censtruction to show, beside the richest, the humblest and moderate though 
thoroughly artistic examples of Furnishing. 

Correspondence invited, and a fullstaf¥ of competent people ready to take on and execute promptly any 
work entrusted to us. Freightage from New York isasmall matter in comparison with obvious satisfactions gained. 

It pleases us to think that we have learned how to be economic and artistic and do things out of the 
common when desired. 


g We have alittle Guide Book to the Store, which 

~ we will be glad tosend you. It tellsmuch about our : 
Z business and the merchandise, and will tell you 
= about our specialized catalogues, so that you will 
Zz know just what literature to ask for, when you (i 
; want to know about our stocks. A postal card 

=: request will bring it. Address 


JOHN WANAMAKER 
NEW YORK 


Sample and 
Circular 


A House Lined with 


Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 
The lining is vermin-proof; neither ratz, mice, 


nor insects can make their way through or live in it, 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 


out dampness, 


Correspondence Solicited. 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. 


AMERICAN, HOMES AND. GARDENS 


HE. increasing demand for the older order of Colonial 

work has led to the use of many lamps cf that period 
for the illumination of our more modern homes, which add 
much charm to the beauty of the surroundings when in 
harmony with the decorative scheme. 


The ENOS COMPANY (ignanneisturee 


Office and Factory: Salesrooms: 
7th Av. and 16th St. NEW YORK 5 West 3%th St. 
Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, Chicago: W.- K. Cowan 
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California St. 
Toronto: 94 King St 
West 
Spokane: Cutter & 
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Seattle: Cox & Gleason, 
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Charles St. 
Pittsburg: G. P. Norton, 
Century Building 
St. Louis: N. O. Nelson 
Mfg. Co. 
Portland, Ore.: J. C. 
English Co., 128 Park St. 


COULTER & WESTHOFF, Architects, Saranac Lake 


Renowned for Their Admired for Their 
Durability Artistic Effects 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
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Cost 50 per cent. less than paint and preserve 
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Send for samples and ask for our New Ideas 
for Stains. 


DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
209 Broad Street, BOSTON 


AGENTs: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
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218 Race St., Philadelphia; W.W. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, 
Pa.; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids. Mich.; 
F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and 
Portland, Ore. 


Antiques 
ug 
Photographs and de- 
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antique pieces seat on f 
request. List your wants 
of antiques with me. 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAMN 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


Wall Papers and Wall 


Coverings A Practical Handbook 


For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders 
and House Owners, with many halftone and 
other illustrations showing latest designs 


By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 


Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives 
reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers 
and describes the practical methods of applying them 


One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 
MUNN @& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 
ee ee ee ae 


il 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


American Estates and Gardens 


= Rina obia eee ee 
ST re eee Rees 


By BARR FERRET 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’? Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 
in America. The illustrations are in 
nearly all cases made from original 
photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed 
on double coated paper. Attractively 
bound. The book will prove one of 
the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 
desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


Munn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By 
T. BYARD COLLINS 


8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 
100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 
taken place in American agricultural methods which are 
transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 
independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 
to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 
in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 
ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTERIV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X._ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., Publishers oe 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


June, 1909 


June. 1909 


TEETILE. 
SEER 


— 


Ses 


mm 


v 


N the designing and manufacture of Period and 

Art cases to harmonize with any plan of 

architecture or decoration, Steinway & Sons 
are the recognized leaders, as in all other de- 
partments of piano making—a distinction they 
have enjoyed for three generations. Every 


STEINWAY 


ART PIANO 


is a true representation of its respect- 
ive period—a veritable gem of 
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the Steinway Studios will reveal 
that, in these masterpieces of piano- 
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so deftly blended that they at once 
command the admiration and praise 
of architect, artist and connoisseur. 


STEINWAY & SONS 


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107-109 East 14th Street, New York 


(Subway Express Station at the Door) 


Health ana Rest 


Steinway 

Parlor Grand 

Piano in the 

period of Louis 

uu.» XVI. Mahogany with 
=, Silt ornaments. 


mae | 


are the two main objects of a country residence. 
The stillness which prevails away from the bustle 
and hum of a great city is particularly beneficial to 
tired nerves. City people are careful, therefore, 
to surround their country places with an atmos- 
phere of quiet and restfulness. Many of our 
customers are people with country homes who 
have had their nerves sorely tried by the noisy 
clanging of a windmill’s wheel (the source of their 
private water supply), until, in a spirit of despera- 
tion, they have felt compelled to remove the 
windmill and make trial of a 


Hot-Air Pump 


The action of this pump being noiseless, Health 
and Rest have come back again along with natural 
quiet and repose. In this way the Hot-Air Pump 
has proved itself a wonderful therapeutic agent, 
besides being the most reliable domestic water 
supply known. 

Remember that these pumps are not steam- 
engines, but machines of low power which cannot 
explode, operated solely by hot air, automatic in 
their action, requiring no skilled attention, so 
simple that any servant or farmer’s boy can start 
and stop the little flame that gives them life. The 
cost of operation is almost nil, while the delivery 
of water is absolutely certain at all times and 
seasons. 


Be sure that the name | -ERICSSON appears upon the pump 
you purchase- This “REECO- RIDER oF “RECO- name protects you 


against worthless imitations. 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before 


ordering. write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality 


who will sell you only the genuine pump. 


Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day- 


Write for Catalogue KE, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RIDER-ERICSSON 


35 Warren Street, New York 
239 Franklin Street, Boston 


40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 


ENGINE Co. 


(Also builders of the new “Reeco” Electric Pump.) 


40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 
234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q. 
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W. 


WS 


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Hot-Air Pump 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood-Work 


Invented @ Built by 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


The Oil for Every Car 


The cost of maintaining your automobile and the 
amount of serviceit gives you depend to a great ex- 
tent on the use of the proper oil. No matter what 
the make of your car,its type or purpose, the right 
grade of Vacuum MOBILOIL will give it perfect 
lubrication at all times and under all conditions. 


VACUUM 


MOBILOIL 


is made in six different grades. One of these grades 
is prepared especially for the perfect lubrication of 
your car. By theuse of this one grade you will save 
time and trouble and avoid expensive experiment. 


Send for booklet listing every automobile made and 
the grade of MOBILOIL prepared for it. There- 
after you need only watch the label on the can; the 
car will take care ofitself. The book is free; its facts 
on the science of lubrication are invaluable. Gives 
track records to date, and other potent motor pointers. 


MOBILOIL, in barrels and in cans with patent 
pouring spout, is sold by dealers everywhere. 
anufactured by 


VACUUM OIL CO., 
Rochester, N. Y. 


HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner —also_ makes brilliant illumination. IF 
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Low Price 


Better than City Gas or Eleo- 
Liberal Terms 


tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS 


“LANE’S BALL-BEARING” | 


18 the 


Best 


June, 1909 


A COUNTRY HOME 


| MAKING 
By E. P. Powell 


IV. BERRIES AND GRAPES FOR 
THE HOME GARDEN 


PUT grapes over to this article, because 


Other Styles for Less Money 


House- 
Door 


Hanger 
Made 


Soldu bet Elscleaee ae 


Send for Catalog 


LANE BROTHERS COMPANY 


434-466 Prospect Street 


New Papers on 


Concrete 


Reinforced 
Concrete 


Concrete 
Building 
Blocks 


Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an 
article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. 
The article clearly describes the proper com- 
position and mixture of concrete and gives the 
results of elaborate tests. 


Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the 
proportion of gravel and sand to be used in 
concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 
1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion 
by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems 
of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, 
and their applications. These articles constitute 
a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced 
concrete. Nothing better has been published. 


Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an 
article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical 
notes on the proper preparation of concrete are 
given. 


Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 
present a helpful account of the making of 
concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a 
critical review of the engineering value of re. 
inforced concrete, 


Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses 


Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- 


Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly 


Scientific American Supplements 1595 and 1596 


EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. 
TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED /for $3.40 


Order from your Newsdealer or from 


MUNN & CO., Publishers, sroifvav. New York City 


POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 


Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 
give aresuméin which the various systems of 
reinforced concrete construction are discussed 
and illustrated. 


Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 
contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which 
the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are 
analysed, 


Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the 
principles of reinforced concrete with some 
practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. 


Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an 
article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of 
success in concrete block manufacture, illus- 
trated. 


steel for reinforced concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 
1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., 
oncement mortar and concrete, their prepara- 
tion and use for farm purposes. The paper ex- 
haustively discusses the making of mortar and 
concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, 
wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- 
struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. 


able suggestions on the selection of Portland 
cement for concrete blocks. 


discusses concrete aggregates. A helpful paper. 


present a thorough discussion of sand for mortar 
and concrete, by Sanford E. Thompson. 


Scientifiz American Supplement 1586 contains a 
paper by William L. Larkin, on concrete mixing 
machinery in which the leading types of mixers 
are discussed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1626 publishes a 
practical paper by Henry H. Quimby on con- 
crete surfaces. 


Scientific American Supplement 1624 tells how to 
select the proportions for concrete and gives 
helpful suggestions on the treatment of con- 
crete surfaces, 


Scientific American Supplement 1634 discusses 
forms for concrete construction. 


Scientific American Supplement 1639 contains a 
paper by Richard K Meade, on the prevention 
of freezing in concrete by calcium choloride. 


In Scientific American Supplement 1605 Mr. 
Sanford E. Thompson thoroughly discusses the 
proportioning of concrete, 


Scientific American Supplement 1578 tells why 
some fail in the concrete block business. 


t 
Scientific American Supplement 1608 contains a 
discriminating paper by Ross F Tucker on the 
progress and logical design of reinforced con- 
crete. 


A SET of PAPERS CON- 


the grape is a fruit that ought to be used 

as freely as the berries, and I should call 
it the strawberry of autumn. It is, in fact, 
one of the healthiest of all fruits, and might 
advantageously displace meat. If I had no 
room for a vineyard I would grow grapes all 
over my house, all over my barn and sheds, 
over my stone walls and fences, and up my 
hardy trees. I would have them so abundant 
that the children could almost live on them 
for two or three months, and the overflow 
go to chickens. Almost no one has enough 
grapes, and everybody likes them. It is dis- 
proved that the seeds cause appendicitis. I am 
growing over one hundred varieties, and we 
put very few into the market. There is no jelly 
or marmalade superior to that which is made 
from grapes. With careful handling in shal- 
low baskets, covered with cotton batting, 
grapes can be kept until January or February 
in an ordinary dry sweet cellar or in drawers. 
I have a seedling which does not rot at all, but 
will dry slowly and be eatable all winter. It 
looks much like Gaertner and Lindley, and 
is very prolific. 

I shall make out a list of three black grapes, 
three red grapes, and three white grapes. I 
would place first in the black varieties Wor- 
den, a prolific and high-flavored variety ripen- 
ing early in September, and sweet as soon as 
it is colored. The bunch is large and hand- 
some and much like Concord, only Con- 
cord is later and sour till long after it is 
black. Class this as (1). For (2), select 
Herbert, one of Rogers’ Hybrids, and ripen- 
ing a month later than Worden. This is a 
royal grape in quality and handsome in bunch, 
but it does not quite pollenize itself. “The (3) 
should be Nectar. This grape is only of 
medium size, but it is delicious in quality, 
and it is in eating from September until 
freezing weather. If put in storage it keeps 
well into winter. For three red grapes I 
select Brighton as one of the most delicious of 
all grapes, and very productive—provided 
surely that you plant near it Worden, Moore 
or some other good pollenizer. Without this 
it will not bear at all. With Brighton as (1) 
I place Lindley as (2), and here again we 
get a grape that can not pollenize itself. For 
(3) take Agawam, a large red grape, with 
good-sized bunches, and keeping quite late. 
This leaves out Delaware, because the vine 
is delicate, and Iona—the most delicious of 
all grapes—because it will not resist our cold- 
est weather; and it leaves Gaertner and Ver- 
gennes to be added when you have room. Of 
white grapes, of course, we will plant Niagara 
as (1), for it is the one grape that can not 
satisfy itself with big bunches and lots of 
them. For (2) I would add Lady as the 
earliest and the sweetest. It is sometimes put 
down as lacking quality, but with me it is 
unsurpassed in richness; only I can not get 
good crops. For (3) you might select Pock- 
lington, not because it is the very best grape, 
but it has fine bunches of golden yellow fruit, 
and is the surest to produce in all the list that 
I am growing. This leaves out a few that 
cught surely to be included, Moore’s Early 
for a black that is exceedingly hardy and of - 
fine quality; Hayes, which I rank as almost 
unsurpassed in quality, a white grape; and it 
leaves out Jefferson, one of the most perfect 
grapes in existence, but needing a longer sea- 
son to perfect it than can be got north of New 
York. 

The grape needs a thorough spraying with 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Bordeaux mixture two or three times very 
early in the season to prevent blight black rot 
and other fungus troubles. To preserve from 
the birds many bag them; that is, tie around 
the bunches paper bags. This does not hin- 
der good ripening. With me, however, the 
only troublesome bird is the oriole, who 
leaves us about the first of September. He is 
a special pest because he picks into a hundred 
fruits, sucking a drop of juice from each, but 
eating none. On the whole the grape is easily 
grown, and gives splendid results in propor- 
tion to the trouble it causes. It will grow 
in any good garden soil; and for trimming you 
must cut away nearly all the wood for the 
first two years. After that tie to trellises or 
posts. The varieties I have named, after 
trimming in the fall, need no covering, but 
should be laid down to the ground. It is an 
easy matter to grow grape seedlings, and I 
advise you to keep a few growing, with the 
expectation of originating something worth 
the while. You should get fruit by the third 
year. 

What we are trying to do in this article 
is to get at those fruits that bear very quickly 
after planting, and give a great abundance of 
food. It is just possible that you may care 
to sell a surplus, but for the present we want 
the food. Going out from the city you have 
your cow and your horse and your chickens. 
That gives you milk and eggs, and luckily you 
can get all the berries and currants you want 
by the second year. I am a believer in straw- 
berries as much as you are, but I strenuously 
advise a beginner not to undertake a big 
strawberry bed. There is no small fruit that 
causes so much work, and that is so liable to 
be a failure. If grown for market there are 
always too many or too few, and strawberry 
bankrupts are common. ‘The berry for you 
+o begin with is the red raspberry. It gives 
enormous crops from a small bit of ground, 
and they need not be replanted for ten or 
fifteen years. The black raspberry must be 
replanted every four or five years, and the 
strawberry every second year. I have had red 
raspberries standing for fifteen years, and 
doing pretty well to the last. You have only 
to cut out the dead canes each year, tie up 
the new ones, and mulch heavily with com- 
post. The only variety that is helding its 
own for common use is the Cuthbert, while 
the Golden Queen, a sport from the Cuth- 
bert, is yellow. The only very early variety 
that has proved worth the while with me is 
Marlboro. The Loudon is a splendid berry 
in size and quality, and it is well enough for 
home use—not fit for shipping to market. 
Cuthbert sometimes kills back, but generally 
gives a good crop. Of the purples, which are 
crosses between black and red plant, Schaffer, 
So far as I have been able to test them, the 
others are in one way or another a failure. 
Do not be coaxed into planting highly adver- 
tised new sorts. For black raspberries I think 
it likely that Black Diamond and Cumberland 
are the two best, although Kansas is still a 
splendid berry for home use. Black Diamond 
is very early and very sweet. The Cumber- 
land is a huge berry, very firm and large, and 
prolific. 

With me the blackberry is a favorite, and 
it is a good thing for a small country home 
to set out a few plants, where the soil is fairly 
rich, or along fences—where the canes can be 
useful in keeping out intruders. You can let 
the blackberry take care of itself for a good 
many years, and it will bring you a good sup- 
ply of fruit. When the canes have spread by 
suckerage, as they will, you must cut tracks 
through for the plow and cultivator. You 
must cut out the old canes each year, and after 
growth has ceased cut off the new canes to 
about six feet. The best variety for planting 
in limited space, or extensively, is Eldorado, 


Le 


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‘Standard’ 


(Trade Mark) 


Baths and Lavatories 


effectively assure to the bathroom in which they 
are installed the highest degree of sanitation, 
thorough working efficiency and permanent beauty. 


SEND FOR OUR NEW BOOK Fee | 
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Enclose 6 cents postage, give us name of your architect and plumber, if selected. 


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Offices and Showrooms, New York: 35-37 West 3lst Street. Pittsburgh: 949 Penn Avenue. St. Louis: 
100-102 North Fourth Street. Louisville: 325-329 West Main Street. Philadelphia: 1128 Walnut Street. | 
New Orleans: Corner Baronne and St.. Joseph Streets. Cleveland: 648-652 Huron Road, S. BE. 
Toronto, Canada: 59 Richmond Street, East. Montreal, Canada: 39 St. Sacrament St. 

pote ANTS eS ee ee iat 


The matter of hardware for a home Is not a detail of 
small importance—the selection should have your own 
attention. “Lhe right sort of hardware has a distinctive 
decorative value and the owner of the home should give 
expression to his own taste so that it may always be a 
source of pleasure and delight, chosen to harmonize perfectly 
with style of architecture and general scheme of ornamentation. 


Sargent’s ARTISTIC 


is beautiful and durable—the perfection of hardware art. 
Over seventy designs are handsomely illustrated in 
Sargent’s Book of Designs—Free 


together with many helpful suggestions and an explanation of the 
Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks. The Colonial Book 
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but sent gladly on request. Write at once for them. 


SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York 


HARDWARE 


a 


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| 
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1 


AMERICAN 


The simple lines of this door adapt it for craftsman interiors, Dens, Libraries, 
Studies, etc.;its beautiful grain and finish givea note of distinction to any room. 


The name 
“Morgan” 
is branded 
on each door. 


Cross section 
showing con- 
struction of 
19% inch door. 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance 
Gates of all designs and for all purposes 
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED : CATALOGUES FURNISHED 


(| Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire 
Mesh and Spiral Netting (Chain Link), 
Fences for Estate Boundaries, Industrial 

J Properties, etc. 


F. E. CARPENTER C0, :: 


253 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


IZAR 


nN 
Baia ee) Ss heep M anure 


Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad 
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 


LARGE B. , 
$4.00 Savered to your Praight Biotien 


Apply now. 
The Pulverized Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, 


__ STABLE 
MANURE 


$12.00 Chinese Wicker Basket Chairs, im-« 
Freight ported direct from Hong Kong, China. 

Paid Weather finished, strongly made, very artistic, 
just the chair for porch or den. What you 
have always wanted but never 
i Knew where to obtain. Sent direct 
H upon receipt of price. Most comfortable 
i chair made. Satisfaction guaranteed or money 
f refunded. Send for one to-day. Reference, 
German-American Sav. Bank. 

HOMER HOWRY 

Importer of Chinese Wicker Furniture 
" Broadway Central Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md. 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


oN 


“‘FABRIANO’' Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
Superior to any other hand-made paper 


F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 


are perfect doors. Built of several layers with the grain running crosswise, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. and Materials ¢ 


Veneered in all varieties of hardwood—birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 
Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan 
Door is stamped “‘Morgan” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. 


In our new book, ‘“‘The Door Beautiful,’” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in 
all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best 
and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. s# copy will be sent on request. 
Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. 


Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Sash and D. Cc , Chi , Hl. 
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Industrial Alcohol 


ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES 


A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s “‘Introduction to 
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COMPRISING 


Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and 'Yeast Preparation, Fermentation, Distil- 
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and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods of Denaturing, Its 
Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, A Statis- 
tical Review, and the United States Law 


By JOHN K. BRACHVOGEL, M.E. 


cussed in the press and periodical literature of the entire country, that it 


ie value and significance of a tax-free alcohol have been so widely dis- 
is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of the subject, especially 


to our agricuitural and industrial interests. For years we have been far behind 
the nations of Europe in this regard, and in consequence our literature has been sadly lacking in authorita- 
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filling this want, and it is the latest and most comprehensive work of its kind which has been published in 
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Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. The farmer, the 
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FO. R (‘S Ail EAA PA LL BOOKSTORES 


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BRISTOL’S 
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American Homes and Gardens 


and Scientific American 
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FOR ONE YEAR 


Regularly Six Dollars 


June, 1909 


unless you may allow me to praise one of my 
own productions, the King Philip. Both of 
these varieties are absolutely hardy; Eldorado 
is rather more sprawling in its growth, and 
its berry is a trifle larger; but for cropping 
King Philip is decidedly ahead. With either 
of these it is hardly worth your while to plant 
Snyder, which is perfectly hardy and very pro- 
ductive, but rather easily runs to small berries. 
Most of the other sorts, notwithstanding what 
the advertisers say, are not proof against a 
severe freeze. Rathbun and some of the others 
sprawl everywhere and easily kill back. 

It is not at all easy. to make out a satisfac- 
tory list of strawberries. I keep a test bed for 
thirty or forty sorts, and do not any way keep 
up with the new claimants for attention. I 
can give you a list that has stood the test for 
several years, and leave the newest ones for 
you to add as you please. It is one of the 
pleasures of strawberry growing to test new 
sorts comparatively. For (1) select Wm. 
Belt, a large, handsome and productive berry, 
of excellent quality. The growth is fine, and 
the fruit is given without demanding more 
work than the compensation. It is a grand 
sort every way. For (2) select Sample, a 
berry of large size and excellent quality, while 
the plant is strong and healthy. For (3) you 
may take Senator Dunlap, only you must look 
cut to keep the runners within bounds. It 
is a great bearer of fine fruit, provided your 
rows do not get too matted. Now for very 
early plant Earliest, the best really early berry 
that we have. Most of the early sorts are 
sour or small. I will add, that of the new 
berries the two best that I have tested are 
Stevens and Abington, while Cardinal is un- 
questionably something great. But when you 
get into strawberry planting you will have 
some new great things every year. In the 
South I am planting Climax and Goree, with 
great satisfaction, while the old Bubach has 
renewed its youth in our sandy soil. If you 
do not intend to pay much attention to your 
strawberry bed and will confine yourself to 
cne sort, Wm. Belt is good enough for any- 
body. “There are some remarkable sorts, that 
respond with huge berries for constant atten- 
tion and high fertilization. I dislike to pass 
by a lot of noble sorts that I have cultivated, 
and still intend to cultivate. Your strawberry 
bed must be as clean as your kitchen floor; it 
must be fertilized with absolutely clean com- 
post; that is, you must not put on it manure 
that is full of seeds; you must renew it at 
least every second or third year; you must 
provide some way of irrigating it, if on a dry 
slope. The best way is to have pipes running 
through the ground with jet holes, and stop 
cock above, which can be turned to let on the 
water when needed. Never sprinkle your bed. 
It does more harm than good. 

I grow currants for market, but I grow 
them also because they are the most important 
of the small fruits for home use. The currant 
bush always went with the pioneers from 
Massachusetts and Connecticut westward. 
Every settler had a few currant bushes if 
nothing else. The bush will give you some 
returns if neglected, but to do its noblest it 
needs to be well fed. Cut out the old wood 
when it gets brittle, and keep the new suckers 
cut out, excepting a few of the best to take the 
place of the old canes. I have made careful 
test of most of the new sorts, and I have also 
started a large number of new seedlings. Of 
these the handsomest bush is London Market, 
which forms a little tree, and suckers very 
little. This currant is a very handsome bright 
red. It gives about three quarts to a well 
grown bush. Fay is a larger currant, and very 
closely resembles La Versailles. The currant 
is about the size of Cherry, but the Cherry 
bush is brittle, and seldom prolific. Fay yields 

(Continued on page xxii.) 


5 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Pleasure of the Porch 


is increased many fold by the use of Vudor Porch Shades, They make the 
porch available at any hour of the hottest day—a cool, shady, secluded retreat, 
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Write for Booklet and Name of Your Local Dealer 


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HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION, 240 Mill Street, JANESVILLE, WISCONSIN 


The background of this advertisement shows section of a Vudor Porch Shade, actual size. 
The genuine Vudor Porch Shades always bear the Vudor aluminum name-plate. 


For Walls, Ceilings, Wainscots in Bathrooms, 
Halls, Vestibules, etc. Reproduces the effects 
of Ceramic and Encaustic Tiles at one-third to 


one-half their cost. 


Wherever tile can be used, Enametile can be used to better ad- 
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Enametile is flexible metal, embossed and highly enameled, to 
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New York Metal Ceiling Company 
544 West 24th Street, New York 


Sole Manufacturers. Makers of Metal Ceilings for Residences and 
Public Buildings. Catalogue sent Free. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


OING TO BUILD?~— 


Through our three hand- 
some books of Residence 
Designs, we are supplying 
the need for practical and 
successful plans at the low- 
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is furnished in duplicate— 
triplicate, if you need them, 
and you can have the house 
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desires. | No stereotyped 
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of plans. 


The books are as follows, 
sent prepaid on receipt of 
price. 


25 Designs of Residences ranging in price from $1,500 to $5,000. . . $.50 
cee $5,000 to $20,000 . . . $1.00 
““ Cement Designs of Residences ranging in price from $2,000 to $20,000 $1.00 


From No, 3 Book 


Photographic cuts of Flatand Apartment Houses, Schools, Theatres, Clubs, Churches, etc., 10c. each. 


Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 
is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- 
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For nearly sixty-five years the 


Scientific American 


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Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 
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Its regular perusal is in itself a liberal education 
in the subjects which make the marvelous 
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Subscription price, $3 per year. 
Subscribe Now (or the year 1909 and we will send you the numbers for Novem- 
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one year’s subscription. 


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In other words, fourteen months for the price of 


American Homes and Gardens 


gives its readers the experience of experts in solving the most difficult HOME 
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HOW TO BUILD THE HOME 


Floor plans and details of construction of houses of moderate cost as. well as 
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HOW TO DECORATE THE HOME 


The most experienced decorators in the country describe how the best and 
most artistic results are attained from the point of expenditure, and the more 
important one of satisfaction. 


HOW _TO PLAN AND LAY OUT THE GARDEN 


The frame of the House- picture is the garden, and success in its treatment 
eae that each tree and shrub is correctly placed as well as properly grown, hence 
this department will be found most helpful. 


OUTDOOR LIFE AND AMUSEMENTS, ARTICLES ON HOUSE INDUSTRIES. 


e] 


every phase of country life is authoritatively discussed from month to month in its 
pages. “American Homes and Gardens” is conceded to be the handsomest magazine 
published in America. Its beautiful cover printed in colors changes each month, 
and is always a work of art. Subscription price, $3 per year. If we receive 
your order for a year’s subscription now we will send you the November and 
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year’s subscription. 


MUNN @ CO., 361 Broadway, New York City 


By All Means Consider This 


We will save you money on plans and give you service second to none in the country 


Note: 


We rebate price of books or cuts on first order for plans. 


ARTHUR G. LINDLEY CO., Architects, Parker Building, Schenectady, N. Y. 


Dept. C. Bank and Business References 


June, 1909 


wi Mh 


From No. 1 Book 


KILLED BY 


RAT SCIENCE 


By the use of the wonderful bacteriological preparation, 
discovered and prepared by Dr, Danysz of Pasteur 
Institute, Paris, science has at last found the only success- 
ful method for exter minating rats and mice. 

Used with striking success for the past few years in 
England, Scotland, France, Holland and Russia. 


DANYSZ VIRUS 


contains the gernis of a disease peculiar to rats and mice 
Only, and is absolutely harmless to birds, human beings 
and other animals. The rodents always die in the open, 
because of feverish condition. The disease is also con- 
tagious tothem. The Virus is easily prepared and applied. 

How much to use: A small bouse, one tube; ordinary dwelling, 
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than six tubes). One or two 
dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard. ‘Three to six tubes per acre 
in case of open fields, game preserves, etc. Price: one tube, 75c.; three 
tubes, $1.75; one dozen, $6.00 delivered. 


INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY 


Dept. Z, 25 Old Slip New York, N. Y. 
OLD COLONIAL $ 5 
CANDLE STAND 


Used also fora Palm, or Smoker's Stand. Solid 
Mahogany, 22 in. high, top 12 in. in diameter, 
carved pedestal, claw feet. I make Highboys, 
Lowboys, Sofas, Secretaries, Sideboards, Chairs, 
and Colonial Reproductions of all kinds at low- 
est prices. Write me what you want and I will 
| send cuts and prices, 


Peter Emerson, 1113b P. 0. Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass. 


# Take off your Hat SY Le 
NL Fewest God Bt RS 
’ and Prices to > 
> BLF.E. Myers & Br ‘ 


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a 
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may enjoy city comforts and 
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Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
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: PS Produces light, kitchen and |) 
laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but 


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ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
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June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


MinemGearden in Your lown 


y 
f rar, 
UY aif} or ry ‘ 
4 j - H 
ls 2 


Wyaes 


A<¢S itasuccess? If so, the Garden Competition Editor of American 
© Homes and Gardens wants to know about it—he will pay $200 
in prizes for the five best-planted, developed and successful 

: § suburban or village gardens. Write to the Garden Competition 
Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you 
had with it; tell himof the plants with which you have had the best results, 
and also those which have been failures. Send him a good photograph 
and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help 
others to beautify their surroundings. You need not be a skilled writer to tell 
a story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. 


$200 for Prizes 


For the best garden received we will pay: 


For the First, - - - $100.00 


For the Second, - - 50.00 
For the Third, eee 25.00 
For the Fourth, - - 15.00 
Honmtie Kithe = 9 = 10.00 


Conditions 


Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 

A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants 
used in planting. 

Drawings of the plot are to be made, preferably on a scale of eight feet to the inch, 
showing the positions of the various plants and shrubs. 

Photographs of the garden are to be sent printed on solio paper and should not be less 
than 5x7 inches in size. If possible to do so, please also send a photograph showing 
the garden before planting. 

Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a pseudonym, which is to 
be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. As 
soon as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they will notify the Editor, 
who will open the envelope bearing the proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’ s 
true name. The competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the prize. 
The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and 
Gardens all gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. 
The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photograph. 
Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American 
Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York. 

The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants need not be sub- 
scribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind 
is required. Vo photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. 


—_ WwWwhNW re 


CN 1} | 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


BURLINGTON “si BLINDS 


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DOORS 


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WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


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200,000 Persons were killed by the recent 
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sacrifice in an endeavor to allay 
tA the sufferings. Yet fully as many are 
| killed here in United States alone each 


year from Tuberculosis. Think of it! 


Read in the 
Metropolitan Magazine 


the series of articles which has been prepared and 
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THE CAUSES OF CONSUMPTION 


The articles will be fully illustrated with striking charts, 
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June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


xi 


An Architect’s Suburban Home at White Plains, N. Y. 


The beautiful country place of Mr. John M. Carrere, 
the senior member of the noted firm of architects, Car- 
rere & Hastings, is the opening article of the July num- 
ber. The description has been prepared by Barr Ferree, 
and forms an interesting chapter in his series of papers 
on the ‘Homes of American Artists.’ Mr. Carrere’s 
house is simple and unpretentious, quite unlike the monu- 
mental work with which his name is most associated. 
The beautiful photographs, prepared expressly for this 
article, reveal many points of charm and interest. 


The Wild Mushroom 


Benjamin W. Douglas writes at length on the subject of 
the wild mushroom, illustrating his paper with a com- 
plete series of new photographs that abundantly supple- 
ment the text. The article is an important contribution 
to the study and knowledge of these little known and 
almost unappreciated plants. 


Small Houses of Small Cost 


An interesting group of small houses at small cost is 
described by Francis Durando Nichols, with numerous 
illustrations and an illuminating text that describes the 
essential details of the various houses shown. Prospec- 
tive builders and home-makers will find many useful sug- 
gestions in this helpful article. 


The Profitable House to Build 


The house with a guaranteed cost is designed by Joy 
Wheeler Dow, who describes it in his delightful man- 
ner and shows a design of unusual interest and beauty. 
This unique series of papers is attracting wide attention, 
and the personal note in Mr. Dow’s work gives special 
importance to the forthcoming number. 


A Naturalistic Garden 
“Glenbrook” is a garden at Newburgh, N. Y., which has 
been designed and planted by its owner, who tells in this 
article just what he did, why he did it and the results 
obtained from his work. ‘The article is handsomely 


illustrated and is concerned with a garden of individual 
type. It is a garden neither large nor elaborate, but one 
of distinct individuality and importance. 


A Reclaimed Dwelling. 


Paul Thurston describes and illustrates a deserted house 
at Stoke Pogis, Villa Nova, Pa., which had long been 
neglected and tells how it was transformed and modern- 
ized into a habitable dwelling. It is a thoroughly prac- 
tical article and offers some helpful suggestions to those 
who may be confronted with a similar problem. 


Curtains for the Summer House 


One of the most difficult problems which confronts every 
housewife at one time or another, is the curtaining of the 
windows of her home. Gertrude M. Walbran offers 
some timely suggestions on this summery subject that are 
of quite unusual interest. The illustrations help to ex- 
plain the ideas brought forward in the text. 


A Stucco Summer Home 


The summer home of Mr. E. S. Williams, at Nahant, 
Mass., is described by Charles Chauncey, and shown in 
great detail by a number of unusually beautiful photo- 
graphs. It is a stucco house, with windows spaced in 
ample breadths of wall, and is a design of rare individu- 
ality. It is an interesting house, good to see and read 
about. 


Forest Conservation at Biltmore 


The stupendous work in forest conservation that has 
now been completely established at Biltmore is a national 
undertaking of great and far-reaching proportions. Day 
Allen Willey summarizes some of the achievements at 
this notable place in a thoroughly readable article, and 
the next text is supplemented with handsome photo- 
graphs. ~ o 


The Departments 

The usual departments, Monthly Comment, Correspond- 
ence and Garden Notes are maintained with their usual 
completeness, and are notable features of a notable 
number. 


xii AMERICAN HOMES AND "CARD ERE June, 1909 


SEND FOR THE BOOKLET 
‘ORIENTAL FITMENTS FOR SUMMER HOMES”’ 


The Oriental Store 


___ IMPORTS FROM 
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Oriental Furniture For Garden, Lawn, Veranda Lamps and Lanterns 


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series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 
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PAGE 
“BRAEMAR’ : Gigantic Vases of White Marble Are the Distinctive Ornaments of the Entrance 


MonrTuity CoMMENT—The Cost of Home Building 
NoTABLE AMERICAN Homes—‘‘Braemar,” the House of Mrs. M. Rumsey Miller, Tarrytown- 
on-Hudson, New York By Barr Ferree 
By Mabel Tuke Priestman 
“DRUIDREAM,” THE RESIDENCE OF CHARLES W. L. Rocue, Esa., BRaNTWoop, SHORT 
Hits, New JERSEY By Charles Chauncey 
THE BEGONIA By Eben E. Rexford 
By Edith 8. Welch 


A CoLoniAL House at Portsmoutn, New HampsuHire By Mary H. Northend 
THE SuMMER Home or Arruur W. Hatt, Esa., ar CrysraL Brook, Lone IsLAnp. 
By Bessie P. Lee 
WALL GARDENS By S. Leonard Bastin 
A GrouP oF INEXPENSIVE Houses at Forest Hitis, Lone Istanp....By Paul Thurston 
“HomMEwoop,” THE CouNTRY SEAT oF RicHArp G. Towez, Esa., at Lexincron, Massa- - 
CHUSETTS ...By Francis Durando Nichols 


CORRESPONDENCE: 
PROBLEMS IN HOME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg 
By Charles Downing Lay 


Making a Country Home: IV. Berries and Grapes for the Home Garden. 
New Books. 


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Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. 5. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.) 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


Si 


ive ornaments of the entrance front 


astinct 


f white marble are the d 


gigantic vases o 


2 


Braemar 


66 


AMERICAN 


3 
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t 
y 
3 
} 
Vs 
£ 


“Braemar”: the spacious hall has real monumental character 


216 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
The Cost of Home Building 


ANY singular ideas are current on the sub- 

ject of the cost of home building. It is 
not strange that this should be so, for the 
bizarre and the eccentric invariably attract 
attention that the orderly and the sedate 
may never receive. And, perhaps, the most 
singular of all notions with regard to the 
cost of houses is, that a beautiful home can be acquired at the 
most moderately conceivable cost, if one did but know how 
to do it. Doubtless we would all get rich if we could, and 
while the crop of millionaires and other wealthy folk has 
been tolerably abundant in America of late years, and while 
the methods employed by many of these fortunate folk to 
attain their present degree of financial eminence are fairly 
well known, no one will dispute the fact that there are still 
a few left who do not rank in this exalted category, and 
that, therefore, the mere knowing how to do a thing is not 
nearly so important as actually doing it. 


THE clamor for small beautiful houses at small cost will 
not down. It is a delusion quite as widespread as the former 
notion that the earth was flat, and it is quite as difficult to get 
rid of. Very few people can point to such dwellings as 
actually in existence, but immense numbers will tell you very 
positively that the thing can be done, and if you happen to 
be conducting an architectural paper that endeavors to lay 
before its readers good ideas relating to every kind of a 
house and fail to fill your pages with illustrations and 
descriptions of these much sought after structures, you will 
be very pointedly told you do not know your business, since 
everyone is aware that the chief end of an editor is to give 
his subscribers what they want, that, and nothing more. 


Now it happens that there are a good many eminently de- 
sirable things which do not exist, which never have existed, 
and which will never exist. There is the philosopher’s 
stone, for one thing, that could conveniently turn everything 
it touched into gold. There was that famous Arabian travel- 
ing carpet, on which one had but to seat one’s self to be in- 
stantly transported anywhere, regardless of the dangers of 
railroad or water travel or the splendid utility of the wire- 
less. Then, there is the magic cap, the placing of which on 
one’s head made one invisible. But why go on? Most 
excellent devices these, and mighty useful, too, but utterly 
impossible in every way. It is, in short, comparatively easy 
to think of things that might be obtained, but it is very 
different to obtain them, as everyone knows who has made 
the effort. 


THE trouble with the small cheap house proposition is 
that the conditions under which houses are built are not 
understood or appreciated. Moreover, it is not equally ad- 
mitted that good things cost good money. It is true the 
tendency of modern business is not this way. The goodly 
number of people who find intellectual relaxation in the an- 
nouncement of department-store sales have no doubt grown 
to realize that the true standard of excellence for any article 
is its lowness of price. Else why these sacrifices of dollars, 
this distribution of bargains, this cutting of profits? Bar- 
gains can, of course, be had, and good ones, too, but good 
business rests on fair value and honest profits rather than 
on “price savings” and other devices of the cheap merchant. 


THESE methods will not produce satisfactory results in 
house building. One may buy a table-cover at a counter 
sale and throw it away when weary of it without great loss. 


But a house is a permanent structure and can not always be 
disposed of even at bargain rates. It can not be built with- 
out money, and, while it is, unfortunately, not the truth that 
the more it costs the better it is—better artistically, hy- 
gienically and for living purposes—there is a point very soon 
reached below which the cost can not be reduced. The 
proposition is, indeed, very simple; if one would buy a 
handsome dress or a fine coat, one must pay a good price. 
It is precisely the same with houses. A handsome house, 
whether it be large or small, means a money cost that is ab- 
solutely unavoidable. 


Bur the worst of it is the actual cost of building by no 
means represents the total expenditure that will be required 
in any building enterprise. There are a great many essential 
matters that enter into the cost of a dwelling that do not 
appear in the architect’s charges. ‘There is the land, for the 
first thing, the bare price of which may be a considerable 
item, while the cost of beautifying it and reducing it to 
harmony with the structure may be very considerable. The 
cost of furnishing must also be included in many instances, 
while if one is simply removing from one house to another 
there will be a heavy moving charge and great inconvenience 
and loss of time that means a money loss even if little is 
paid out. Nor should the cost of new insurance, the fees 
for title examination, the possible necessity of a lawyer and 
other items, most of which are absolutely necessary, be over- 
looked. Forgotten they are in many cases, but at least it 
should be obvious that if one is building a five thousand 
dollar house a very substantial addition must be made to this 
amount before the final expenditure can be footed up. 


ALL these necessary items, none of which can be omitted, 
make the actual cost of a new house much greater than the 
figures set by the architect. And as these things can not be 
avoided, it follows that if the funds available are limited 
there must be cutting and trimming of the most rigid de- 
scription in the construction cost. It is no wonder, there- 
fore, that the handsome small house, the good looking little 
house, the attractive small dwelling is a rare and quite un- 
known quantity when the lowest possible cost is put upon it. 
One does not need costly embellishment strung, as it were, 
around the new house to beautify and adorn it and make it 
beautiful. This experiment. has been tried time and time 
again, with disastrous results to all concerned. But one 
does need good materials and good taste, and these com- 
modities command a price that is very apt to make the total 
cost much greater than was anticipated at the outset. 


But what would you? A good looking house is a per- 
petual joy. It yields satisfaction to its owner and gives 
pleasure to the beholder. It is a gage of prosperity and a 
measure of means. It displays intelligence and consideration, 
and is to be commended on a hundred different grounds. 
Some one person may have been fortunate 'to have secured 
this result without undue outlay; but this may very likely 
not happen to be the case with the next man who tries a 
similar proposition. "The low price house can, in fact, dis- 
play but a single quality, and that is its inherent cheapness. 
If you want more you must pay more. But the person who 
imagines he can become possessed of a house and grounds 
that look as though ten thousand dollars had been expended 
on them for about two thousand dollars is simply looking 
after the impossible and the unattainable. He is hungering 
for the moon while still trying to remain on the surface of 
the earth. 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The entrance driveway is the focal point in the whole estate 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


‘Braemar,’ the House of Mrs. M. Rumsey Miller, Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York 


\ 
i America than that great street known as 
Broadway, which, with one end, on begin- 
ning, at the Battery in New York City, 
continues with scarce an interruption to the 
capital of the State at Albany. It is a road 
of tremendous interest, the heart and cen- 
ter of the metropolis at its beginning. It passes, in its upper 
stages, through some of the most delightful and charming 
scenery in New York. A multitude of towns hang upon 
its edges as it pursues its majestic career and thrive by asso- 
ciation with it. Of no place is this more true than of Tarry- 
town-on-Hudson, and in all its great length is it nowhere 
more beautiful than there. Lined with splendid trees, that 
seem to have grown there for ages, and with a wide and 
superb roadbed, there is nothing that can enhance its value as 
a road nor add to its beauty or utility. And here, as in 
many another a handsome mile, it is bordered, on either 
side, with magnificent country places, which include some of 
the most famous private houses in America, places of quite 
uneven merit in their buildings, but all alike in the beauty of 
the home grounds, in the fine taste shown in the planting and 
in the exquisite care with which they are maintained and 
kept up. 

Many of the houses are almost invisible from the road, 
being set far back within spacious grounds. ‘The site se- 
lected for “Braemar” is of this situation. Built on a hill- 
side it is located at such an elevation and so far from the 
road as to ensure absolute privacy. The house faces the side 
road that bounds one border of the estate, and, being set 
back far from that, has the advantage of a sequestrated situ- 


ation while being, as a matter of fact, almost in the heart 
of the town. 

It is built of Harvard brick, with stone trimmings, and 
was designed by Messrs. Peabody and Stearns, architects, of 
Boston, Mass. It is a building of comparatively moderate 
size, and is designed in a style that combines real elegance 
with sobriety and moderateness. ‘These qualities are some- 
what rare in building, but are here developed in a very in- 
teresting and satisfactory manner. 

The entrance-front is the principal portion of the exterior; 
that is to say, it is the most ornate. It discloses a center 
slightly recessed between two end. wings, each of which is 
flanked with an open porch or loggia. ‘The building is two 
stories in height, with a sloping roof, which contains two 
dormer windows in the center. The projecting ends are not 
actually pavilions, but are portions of the main structure 
slightly brought forward. ‘They are, however, treated as 
pavilions, with rusticated angles of brick, and each contains 
a single window, a large rectangular opening, repeated in the 
upper floor, the two being separated by a narrow band of 
stone which is carried completely around the house. The 
loggias beyond are graceful little structures, with end piers 
of brick, and a pair of intervening columns front and back. 
The outermost of the triple opening thus formed is enclosed 
below with a balustrade; the central one serves as an en- 
trance, and is reached, from without, by a flight of steps. 
On the outer ends is a single rectangular opening, walled 
with brick below. The westerly loggia has, beyond it at the 
back, a little open garden, walled on the two open sides, and 
planted in a formal manner. The ground behind the house 
slopes steeply and rapidly, so that the outer angle of this 


218 


garden is at a very considerable elevation above the ground. 
There is a magnificent view to be had from this point—look- 
ing westward over the low valley below the house, above the 
tops of the lofty evergreens growing down within it, beyond 
the great outer field or lawn, across the road and the trees 
and shrubbery that enclose the distant views almost with 
the denseness of the forest, and far across the Hudson—to 
the highlands of New Jersey and lower New York that 
shut in all the rest of the world. 

As in a quite literal sense the house has but a single front, 
namely, that of entrance; the recessed center of this is en- 
riched and ornamented with a somewhat notable amount of 
detail. This, however, is precisely confined to the exact 


The prevailing color of the dining-room is rich blue 


center of the front, and consists of an ornamental doorway, 
with an enriched window and pediment above. All these 
parts are of stone. ‘The doorway has two channeled Cor- 
inthian pilasters supporting an entablature and curved pedi- 
ment. It is applied to a stone wall facing that is continued 
through the second story. ‘The central window here is 
rectangular in form like the others—except the two on either 
side of the door in the first story, which haye semicircular 
tops—and has an enriched frame, with scrolls and conven- 
tionalized ornament. A small pointed pediment surmounts 
this frontispiece and completes the ornamental portions of 
the facade. All the detail here is very well done, being de- 
signed in a quiet and effective style that yields a needed 
emphasis of ornament exactly where it is needed, and yet is 
so subdued as to be completely in harmony with the quiet 
architecture that distinguishes the whole exterior. 

The entrance-driveway is, of course, the focal point in the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


whole estate. Ihe main driveway comes directly before the 
door, and the connection between the road and the house has 
been arranged in a very successful way. A slightly raised 
platform was first prepared. It is encased with stone, the 
outermost edge being directly on the driveway. The surface 
within is grassed on each side of the central path that leads 
to the main steps. ‘There is an extension of the whole space 
a short distance back from the road, and on the outer angles 
thus created are two gigantic vases of carved white 
marble. These vast ornaments are, in fact, the chief 
adornments of the exterior, and are at once impressive 
and characteristic. One may, indeed, designate them 
as the most distinctive feature of the whole house, yet 
while exterior to the struc- 
ture they are in complete 
harmony with it, and add 
immensely to the importance 
and significance of the front. 

The interior is planned 
and furnished with consum- 
mate skill, and here the 
really remarkable qualities 
of this notable dwelling are 
completely displayed. The 
scale of the whole is admir- 
ably conceived and carried 
out. The interior may very 
truly be described as monu- 
mental in character, yet it 
has no vast rooms or great 
spaces with which monu- 
mental qualities are most 
generally associated. On 
the other hand, there is 
nothing small about the in- 
terior. It is not a great 
house reproduced on a 
miniature scale, but a monu- 
mental treatment has been 
designed in due proportion 
to the available spaces. The 
effect is exceedingly fine and 
stately, and is a real triumph 
in interior design and ar- 
rangement. A_ vestibule, 
floored with marble, serves 
as an entrance to the recep- 
tion-hall, which occupies the 
center of the dwelling. On 
one side is a small receptien- 
room; on the other, are the 
coat closet, lavatory and 
elevator. All of these rooms 
are entered from the reception-hall and can not be reached 
from the vestibule. 

The spacious reception-hall is divided into two parts by 
two columns that stand about midway in its depth. Directly 
in face are the stairs, rising to a low platform in the middle 
and continuing on the right to a higher platform, where they 
are directed toward the front of the house, where they 
reached the upper corridor. With the exception of the steps 
to the first platform all this stairway is contained in an ex- 
tension of the rear at this point, so that the whole of the 
central space is available for the reception-hall. 

The room is treated in white, with great plainly molded 
panels on the walls, and a very delicate yet quite elaborately 
enriched cornice that supports the plain ceiling. The floor is 
of hard wood, most of it being concealed beneath the two 
great rugs of green carpet. The furniture is, for the most 
part, upholstered in blue, green and yellow tapestry. The 


June, 1909 


farthest half of the hall has somewhat the value of an alcove. 
The fireplace is located here and is in the center of the left- 
hand wall, which is here completely lined with reddish stone. 
The fireplace opening has a richly ornamented molding, and 
the mantelshelf is carried on a band of similar carving. The 
overmantel is paneled, with a rectangular frame containing 
a molded circle within which is a painted coat-of-arms. 
Above, and on each side, is an elaborate festoon of flowers 
and foliage. All of this ornamental centerpiece is contained 
within two pilasters, decorated, in their upper parts, with con- 
ventionalized spirals and cherub heads. 

The drawing-room on the left of the hall is a spacious 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


219 


The dining-room is on the opposite side of the reception- 
hall, and is somewhat smaller than the other two chief rooms. 
Its walls are arranged in large panels, which are covered with 
a blue and white paper of bold design. The woodwork is 
painted white, and the plain ceiling is supported by a very 
delicately decorated cornice. The prevailing color of this 
room is a rich blue. ‘This is obtained partly from the wall 
covering, but perhaps more largely from the carpet, the cur- 
tains at the windows and the furniture, all of which are blue 
in tone, and form a very beautiful and effective contrast with 
the white of the structural parts. The fireplace on one side 
has a paneled chimney-breast, and a finely detailed panel 


escheat 
iyala de sles dsaacasiaastos saad 


SE 


Pr Se . 
Kos 


S 


wow 
iS 
“ \ 


aie 


The fireplace wall of the hall is lined with stone elaborately carved 


apartment that extends from front to rear of the house, and 
is lighted by windows on three sides. It is the largest room 
in the house, and one of very charming elegance. Just within 
the doorway is a recess, that is partly caused by the necessity 
of finding space for the fireplace of the hall, and two great 
ecclesiastical candelabra of gilded brass that stand on either 
side of the door. 

The room is divided into three parts by a pair of columns 
that stand against each of the longer walls. Both walls and 
columns are painted in ivory-white, but the paneled and 
decorated ceiling is left in the natural pure white of the 
plaster. At the farthest end, and hence against the rear wall, 
is the fireplace, which has a decorated overmantel of Caen 
stone. he color of the room is obtained from the carpet 
and furniture, both of which are rich crimson in hue. 


above the mantel. The latter is of wood, but the fireplace 
facing is of white marble very beautifully veined with blue. 
Beyond the dining-room are the service apartments. First 
the butler’s pantry; then, a capacious pantry for general use; 
then a store-closet, and the servants’ dining-room at the 
entrance end. The kitchen and laundry are in an extension 
of the house and directly connected with the rooms previously 
named. 

The grounds in which this house stands are best described 
as naturally beautiful. That is to say, there has been little 
attempt at floral enrichment, but the trees are superb, the 
roadbeds within the property are fine, the lawns are spacious, 
and the whole is maintained in very beautiful order. Some 
ornamental lanterns of wrought iron distributed along the 
drives should be mentioned, 


220 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


What Can Be Done in a Hand-Loom 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


ages. Old people continue to weave be- 
cause it is easy to do and they are familiar 
with the process and can make a good 
living out of it. Younger women are 
learning to weave, because they find they 
can make for themselves beautiful draperies and ornament 
all kinds of household linen, as well as adding to the home 
by supplying rugs, portieres and pillows. Children from 
four years of age are taught the principles of weaving in 
the kindergarten in mat plaiting, and, as they pass from 
grade to grade, are allowed to make rugs, curtains, blankets 
and sweaters for their dolls, kettle-holders, gloves and caps 
in primitive looms. They are not taught weaving because 
of the things they make, but because of the excellent train- 
ing that such work is for their development. 

It has been found to be an ideal occupation for small chil- 
dren as well as older ones, and gives admirable opportu- 
nities for the development of the head, hand and heart. 
Not only are both hands trained equally, but the nerves and 
muscles of the arms and hands are strengthened by the daily 
occupation. Hand and eye are taught accuracy and industry; 
economy and patience are the outcome of this training. The 
heart of the child delights in giving pleasure to others by 
making gifts of the things it has made with its own hands, 
and the child gains confidence and a consciousness of power 


Nearly completed 


How the weaving is done 


by being able to create and feels that he is of some use in the 
world. Dull children have had their intelligence greatly 
quickened by this training, so it is not surprising to find how 
many schools are teaching weaving to-day. 

Many use extremely primitive looms. Most of the tiny 
ones in our illustrations are known as the Todd looms. 
The full size of this loom is 1 inch by 13 inches, and allows 
the rug to be made g inches by 12 inches. Its chief advan- 
tage is that it is adjustable and can be made either square 
or oblong as desired. ‘To regulate the length, the head- 
piece, which is movable, can be let down on the brass but- 
tons, which are placed at intervals of one inch down each 
side of the loom. ‘The holes are bored half an inch apart 
in the head- and foot-pieces so that the side rods canbe moved 
forward to regulate the width. ‘This insures straight edges 
since the woof threads are passed around them as the work 
progresses. ‘hese rods are shown at the top of the loom. 
They also act as supports upon which the needle may be 
pressed up and down, allowing it to pass more readily over 
and under the successive warp strings. The notches are 
one-sixteenth inch and the teeth one-eighth inch apart, giving 
opportunity for a warp one-half inch, three-eighths inch and 
three-sixteenths inch wide. ‘The loom has an easel support 
so that the pupil need not stoop over it. 

The needle serves two purposes, as it can also be used as 
a handle in pressing the woof threads together. It is fur- 
nished with an eye for worsted, chenille, carpet ravellings, 


A simple table-loom 


June, 1909 


silk and rags. To thread the 
needle pass the strip backwards and 
forwards through the slits, and 
back again under the strip through 
the first slit. This makes it secure. 
When finishing the work use a large 
tape needle, thread with woot 
threads to make a finish for the top 
and bottom of the rug. This is 
called a heading. 

The small rugs in the illustra- 
tions have been made by little chil- 
dren from four to nine years of 
age, who take the keenest pleasure 
in making rugs for the doll’s house, 
and blankets to cover their dolls. 

The looms must be threaded 
with a number of warp strings that 
suit the weaving. The little rugs 
illustrated have been done in the 
following manner: The warp string 
is fastened securely at the top and 
then carried around the tooth and 
taken to the bottom and returned 
around the next tooth until the en- 
tire loom is filled with warp threads. 
The warp should always be one 
continuous string, and a few inches must be left over to 
fasten securely when the work is finished. The first and last 
strings of the warp must be passed directly over the rods, 
and when weaving, the woof threads must be passed entirely 
around the rods of the side to insure straight edges. 

Frequently the warp is of the same material as the woof, 
but practically anything can be used—cotton string, wool, 
rafia, or whatever is preferred for weaving. Germantown 
wool has been used in some of these little rugs both for 
warp and woof. 

Within the last few years there has been a great impetus 
given to fancy pattern weaving by the advent of Swedish 
women into this country, who are experts in the making of 
exquisite woven fabrics in the loom. It is a delightful occu- 
pation and can be used for many purposes—cotton towels, 
bedspreads, gowns, and folk-lore friezes for the nursery— 
so that there is really no end 
to the charming pieces that 
can be evolved by the woman 
clever and deft with her 
fingers. 

The Swedish loom is built 
on the same principle as the 
rag-carpet loom, but the 
treadle is not a necessity, as 
in the carpet-loom, for pat- 
tern weaving. The small 
looms show how a_ long 
needle, like a knitting-needle, 
is used in place of the ordi- 
nary shuttle, while the pattern 
itself is woven by means of a 
darning-needle. A_ separate 
needle is used for each color, 
and very beautiful patterns 
can be made in this primitive 
way. 

In the small loom leaning 
up against the wall the warp 
and woof are both of blue 
linen, while the birds of pale 
blue are worked in with a 
darning-needle. Such weav- 


AMERICAN HOMES 


Weaving in a Swedish loom 


A loom in which fancy pattern weaving can be done 


AND GARDENS 221 
ing would be appropriate for a 
chair seat and would outwear any 
kind of upholstery. The warp 
threads are divided by moving the 
part of the loom which divides the 
warp threads just as the treadle 
does in the front loom. The loom 
with the seat does not show this 
part, as the rollers are operated by 
an attachment on the far side of 
the loom, which divides the warp 
threads after every throw of the 
shuttle. The warp threads are 
usually of ivory linen, and the shut- 
tle-needle is filled with the same 
kind of linen. Mercerized cotton 
can be used if preferred. Sometimes 
the design is of cotton and the warp 
and woof of linen. It is not easy 
for everyone to make her own de- 
signs, but cross-stitch patterns can 
be utilized, as they have very much 
the character of Swedish weaving. 
In the table-loom very pretty linen 
towels can be woven with beautiful 
border designs made from cross- 
stitch patterns. 

Almost all weavings have a few inches of plain weaving 
at each end. When this heading is made at one end, darn- 
ing or pattern weaving is then introduced, the alternate 
threads of the warp being taken up with the needle. The 
threads are not cut off until the work is finished, but when 
a needle needs replenishing the thread must be fastened 
securely to one of the warp threads. As the cloth is being 
woven, it can be rolled by means of the spikes on the right 
hand of the cloth beam. It is really remarkable how many 
yards can be woven in a day in a small loom of this kind. 

Coarse fiber, jute and string are often used for rugs. The 
Priscilla rug illustration is made in a rag-carpet loom. 
These can frequently be picked up in the country at a trifling 
cost, and delightful and serviceable rugs can be made in 
them at home. Any material, such as denim or unbleached 
muslin, can be woven after first being torn into strips 
and sewed neatly together 
and wound into balls. Usually 
the person from whom the 
loom is bought will supply it 
filled ready with warp threads 
of the desired color. White 
or tan is the most useful, as 
they harmonize well with any 
color used with them. If the 
loom is not already warped, it 
can always be sent to a profes- 
sional beamer in any town, 
and in the country an old 
weaver can usually be found 
who understands how to put 
in a warp. There are supply 
stores in every town where 
warp threads may be bought, 
and they are usually able to 
give the name of a beamer. 
The loom being prepared and 
the material balled, it is then 
wound off the balls on to an 
iron rod, which is placed into 
a winding wheel sold with 
the loom. It is then ready for 
the shuttle, the iron bar being 


222 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


1999 


A table-loom showing over and under basket weave 


removed before it is placed in the shuttle. One end of the 
material is pulled through the holes at the side and is then 
ready for weaving. First push the left treadle down with 
the left foot which will cause a gap between the two layers 
of warp. Then take the shuttle in the right hand and throw 
it to the other side of the loom between the warps, holding 
with the left hand that part of the loom which contains the 
reed. ‘This is termed the lay. A couple of inches of mate- 
rial must be left at the edge of the rug to be turned back 
and lapped around at the side. After throwing the shot, pull 
the lay forward and press the right foot down, releasing the 
left, which will make a reverse gap between the two layers 
of the warp. ‘Then take the shuttle in the left hand and 
throw from right to left between the warps, the lay being 
pulled forward between each throw. This is how the Pris- 
cilla rug is made. The variegated effect is gained by twist- 
ing the white and colored strips together and winding on a 
ball. Bands of plain color are used for the dark strips at 
either end. A heading of at least one and a half inches 
must be woven at each end of the rug and enough warp left 
to enable the weaver to make a good knotted fringe. Fancy 
knotting is a great improvement to the rug, some rugs having 
as many as three rows of knots. 

When preparing the material for weaving it should not 
be cut into strips in the old-fashioned way. The material 


(e) Ms Cy 
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A Pnscilla rug 


Table-cover woven in a Swedish loom 


must be tightly wound in a roll and bound with a string. 
Place on a firm table and cut with a sharp carving-knife. 
This insures a smooth, straight edge, which some people 
prefer in a hand-woven rug. A great many, however, like 
to see a fuzz all over the rug, and this is done by tearing 
instead of cutting the material. Suppose, for instance, the 
length of the material is twenty yards. Take a measure and 
mark the material in inch and inch and a half divisions 
across the width. Cut about half an inch. Place this end of 
the material on a hook screwed into the woodwork, and then 
begin to tear from where the strips are indicated. In less 
than half an hour the whole twenty yards will be torn into 
even strips. ‘To avoid getting them tangled it is best to 
wind them into balls as each strip is torn. 

When the rug is made it should weigh about two and a 
half pounds. As a rule from five to seven yards of material 
of the width and weight of denim will make one yard of 
weaving. If the material is torn carelessly and the strips 
are too wide, more material is used without improving the 
rug. In heavy material three-quarters of an inch is a good 
width, but in thin material like cheese-cloth an inch and a 
half would not be too much, as it packs into so small a 
space. Unbleached muslin might be three-quarters of an 
inch to one inch. So much variety can be introduced in this 
work that one will not readily tire of it. 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


228 


‘Druidream ”’ 
The Residence of Charles W. L. Roche, Esq. 


Brantwood, Short Hills, New Jersey 


By Charles Chauncey 


R. ROCHE’S residence at Brantwood, Short 
Hills, N. J., is an interesting type of the 
modern suburban house, designed in the 
English style. It is constructed of stone, 
shingles and half-timber work. 

The first story of the house is built of 
rock-faced graystone, while the second story 
is of frame construction, the exterior of which is covered with 
white cedar shingles stained a soft gray color. The trim- 
mings are painted dark bottle-green. The gables forming 
the third story of the house are beamed, forming panels, 
which are filled in with stucco work. ‘The beams are also 
painted dark bottle-green. The roof is shingled and stained 
a soft gray color. 

A circular serpentine roadway winds up to the porte- 
cochere from which the entrance to the house is made. The 
unique feature of the house is the great hall with its series 
of columns, from which spring arches, producing a groined- 
ceiling effect. [he woodwork is finished in dark Flemish 
brown. The walls have a paneled wainscoting extending 


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around the hall at a height of six feet and on a line with the 
intersection of the spring of the arches. [he walls above 
the wainscoting are treated with a brownish-yellow wall 
covering, blending well with the soft brown tone of the 
woodwork. 

From the reception-hall a broad French window opens 
on to the living-porch, semicircular in form, which is fur- 
nished in a most comfortable manner, and is where the 
family life centers on a warm summer’s day. Broad steps 
lead from the living-porch to the formal garden at the rear 
of the estate, which is formed by a series of terraces. 

To the right of the entrance is the living-room, extending 
the entire depth of the house. It is trimmed with oak and 
finished in black. The walls are covered with a two-tone 
green-striped wall-paper. Opposite the entrance to the 
living-room is a broad open fireplace built of Tiffany brick 
with the facings and hearth laid with the same, and the 
whole finished with a mantel of excellent design. The ceil- 
ing is beamed, forming panels which are tinted a lighter shade 
of green than the side walls. 


as 
Be 


The garden front of the house, showing the terrace sloping to the pond at the highway 


224 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A porte-cochére is built at the entrance- 
front of the house 


Les | 


June, 1909 


A well-furnished piazza facing the garden is a desirable feature 
of the country house 


DorTE cotycre 


Dining Roore 
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fist fl 00 


To the left of the living-hall is built the 
dining-room, which also occupies the entire 
width of the house and gives ample oppor- 
tunity for good light and a cross ventilation. 
This room is trimmed with oak finished in a 
Flemish brown. ‘The walls are paneled to 
the height of eight feet with battens, between 
which the surface is covered with embossed 
Japanese leather in a blue and gold design 
on a green background. Above the wain- 
scoting there is a broad frieze of Japanese 
leather. ‘The fireplace is built of Tiffany 
brick, with facings extending to the height 
of five feet, at which point the whole is fin- 
ished with a mantelshelf painted ivory-white. 
The door for the dining-room opens into the 
butler’s pantry, which is fitted with drawers, 
dressers and sink. Another door opens into 
the kitchen, which is provided with dressers, 
sink and every modern appointment. The 
kitchen is also provided with a servants’ hall, 


WITCHEN 
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flee 


which is the new feature for the modern 
country house. 

The second floor contains the owner’s suite, 
consisting of a boudoir, bedroom and bath, 
besides numerous well-fitted closets. There 
are also four bedrooms and one bathroom 
on this floor. All the rooms are treated with 
ivory-white paint, with one color scheme for 
each of the bedrooms. ‘The owner’s sitting- 
room has an open fireplace. The bathrooms 
have white enameled tile wainscoting and 
floor and porcelain fixtures, with nickelplated 
plumbing. 

The third floor contains ample storage 
room and servants’ rooms. 

The cellar contains the cold-stor- 
age room, laundry, heating and fuel 
rooms. A feature of the exterior is 
the enclosed  service-court, which 
comes in at the level of the cellar 
floor and is surrounded by walls built 


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The plans of the house are well arranged 
for convenience 


of field stone surmounted with a 
rustic fence. 

This is a very important addi. 
tion to a country house, for it 
eliminates the necessity of seeing 
the service wagons in front of 
the kitchen door. It also forms 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


2D 


The interesting feature of the hall is its 
groined ceiling 


a drying-yard for the clothes. The driveway, which comes 
in from the main highway, passes into this service court with- 
out passing the front door. This is also a good feature, for 
it prevents, in every possible way, the necessity of the service 
wagons coming closer to the living part of the house. 

The site in which the house rests is a knoll, with a high 
way extending around three sides of it, and, on account ot 
its prominence, and its topography, it was found feasible to 
build a garden, with a series of terraces extending down 
from the living-porch at the rear of the house. ‘The central 
walk from the porch leads down to a pool, which is well 
stocked with gold and other fish, and flowering water lilies. 


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Geewuesens. 


The panels of the dining-room walls are filled in with leather with 


a brown design on a green background 


The walk to the pool is edged with dwarf pines and other 
hardy shrubs. A privet hedge surrounds the entire estate. 
Much planting of perennials has been done about the 
grounds, and the grouping of the various shrubs is most 
artistic and effective. Messrs. Rossiter and Wright, of New 
York, were the architects of this interesting house, and they 
have given a very careful study of the interior arrangement 
of the various rooms, the relation of each, the proper plac- 
ing of each room for light and ventilation, and the proper 
exposure for sunshine and breeze, which is an important 
point that should receive proper consideration in the building 
of a sanitary home. 


The house is built of stone for the first story, shingles for the second and stucco and half-timber for the third 


226 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


The Begonia 


By Eben E. Rexford 


ZEW plants are 
more. orna- 
mental than 
some varieties 
of the bego- 
nia when they 
are well- 


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grown. But as generally grown 
few plants are more unattrac- 


tive. Nine out of ten, in the 
living-room windows, will be 
lanky, awkward and half leaf- 
less. What few leaves they 
have will lack healthy color, 
and give the impression that 
the plant on which they grow 
is so nearly starved to death 
that it is impossible for it to 
fully develop its foliage. Such 
a specimen, however, will live 
on indefinitely. The fact is, 
the begonia is a plant with 
more inherent vital force than 
most plants adapted to window 
culture, and it will respond 
readily to good treatment, and 
soon become a “thing of beauty”’ 
long as it is treated well. 

The man or woman who has success in growing plants 
is often called into consultation by those who fail to grow 
them well, and when the begonia is the subject of diagnosis 
it almost always develops that lack of proper soil and good 
drainage is responsible for failure. When I have been 
called in “to see what the matter is” with my neighbors’ 
begonias I have generally found them in heavy, soggy, sour 
soil. Inquiry has elicited the fact that little, if any, pro- 
vision was made for drainage when the plant was potted. 
Water has been given irregularly, and without any investi- 
gation as to the condition 
of the soil. The result, 
quite naturally, has been 
diseased roots, and the won- 
der is that the plant did not 
die long ago. Only the 
strong constitution of the 
plant pulled it through. 
Once in a while, however, 
we come upon fine, healthy 
specimens which it is a 
pleasure to look at, with 
scores of perfectly de- 
veloped leaves, no bare 
stalks, and a symmetry of 
shape which makes _ the 
plant equally attractive 
from all sides. Such a 
plant is an ornament to any 
window, and its owner has 
a right to be proud of it. 

It is an easy matter to 
grow good begonias if one 


that will be “‘a joy” 


Begonia templinii 


Begonias in fine variety 


goes at it in the right way. 
Soil is a most important item. 
It should be light and porous; 
never heavy and compact. One 
part garden loam, one part 
leaf mold or vegetable matter, 
obtained by scraping away the 
lower portions of sward, con- 
taining the roots of the grass, 
and one part sand, will grow 
this plant to perfection, pro- 
vided good drainage is given, 
and water is supplied in proper 
quantities at the right time. 
The aim should always be to 
keep the soil moist, but never 
wet, and great care must be 
taken to apply water before 
the soil becomes dry. The 
begonia has many small feed- 
ing roots, and these suffer 
severely if the soil in which 
they are is not kept moist. Un- 
less drainage is what it ought 
to be, water may collect in the 
bottom of the pot, and this 
causes the soil above to become sour, and a sour soil almost 
always brings on a diseased condition of roots. Never be 
satisfied with less than two inches of drainage material in 
the pots in which your begonias are grown. It is well to 
put a layer of aphagnum moss over this material before 
filling in the soil to prevent the latter from washing down 
and closing the crevices in it. Give a plant perfect drainage 
and there is never any danger from overwatering. 

Begonias are seldom attacked by any insect. This is a 
strong argument in their favor. Nearly all varieties have 
attractive foliage. Some varieties have leaves that are really 
magnificent in form and color. Many kinds have flowers 
quite as beautiful as their 
foliage. There are so many 
really desirable varieties 
that the amateur is puzzled 
to make a selection from 
the long list. Perhaps I 
may be able to simplify this 
matter by mentioning a few 
of the kinds I consider best 
adapted to amateur use. 
Argentea guttala is of 
strong, upright habit, free- 
growing and many-branched 
Its leaves are olive green, 
spotted thickly with silvery 
white on the upper surface. 
Below, they are a dark red. 
Manicata aurea variegata 
has very large foliage of 
thick, waxy texture, ground 
color dark, glossy green, 
irregularly blotched with 
creamy white and yellow. 


June, 1909 


N sat 


EAS 


Rubra and ferns 


The habit of the plant is peculiar. 


Its gnarled stalks refuse 
to go up, but twine over and about the pot until it is com- 


pletely hidden. To show off this variety effectively you 
must grow it on a small-topped stand all by itself, where it 
can droop to suit its own freakish fancy. It makes a superb 
specimen. Rubra is a well-known old sort of strong, up- 
right growth, with plain, dark green foliage and a profusion 
of pendant coral-red flowers. It is almost always in bloom. 
Gigantia has leaves often more than a foot across on stems 
two or three feet in length. ‘To display this variety well 
give it a place on a bracket well up the window, and never 
attempt to train it. Let it train itself. 

One of the newer begonias is Templinit. The accom- 
panying illustrations, from a photograph of a plant in my 
greenhouse, give a very good idea of the habit of the plant, 
but leaves the beauty of the plant to be imagined. Its foliage 
is large, sharply pointed and very freely produced. ‘The 
ground color of the leaf is a dark, shining green. This is 
splashed, blotched and spotted with clear yellow in most 
fantastic fashion. No two leaves are ever alike. In some, 
yellow is the predominating color. In others, green is most 
in evidence, but nearly all show combinations of the two 
colors in about equal parts. This begonia is of strong, 
robust growth, and makes a splendid plant for the decora- 
tion of a large window ina few months. It is really quite as 
lovely as any of the Rex family, and far easier to grow 
well. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Light green with dark veins 


The illustration of Rubra in bloom gives an idea of its 
decorative qualities, both as to flower and foliage. Com- 
bined with ferns, as in this instance, it is one of our best 
plants for the decoration of window-garden or greenhouse. 
Its great coral clusters, showing against a background of 
green, never fail to challenge admiration. 

The Hoagland erecta is a very strong, rampant variety, 
almost always in bloom. Its flowers are shaped like those of 
Rubra, but are of a soft pink, shading to carmine at first, 
but soon fading to nearly white. These flowers are covered 
at the base with short hairs which give them a plush-like ap- 
pearance. ‘This variety can only be grown effectively in large 
windows, for it requires ample elbow-room in which to 
display its beauties to the best advantage. 

Most amateur flower-growers have an ambition to grow 
the Begonia rex. Its large, richly colored leaves have a 
greater attraction for them than most flowers have. And 
that a fine specimen of this class is simply magnificent in all 
respects no one can deny. Some varieties have leaves a foot 
in length and six or eight inches across. In some, the pre- 
vailing color is red, in others, purple, while many show 
shades of green, ranging from dark olive to palest pea, 
overlaid with a silvery luster quite indescribable. Some of 
the choicest sorts have an iridescent sheen like that of silk 
or satin. The Rex, unfortunately, is not very well adapted to 
living-room culture, though it can be grown there if given 
such attention as it requires. 


Hoagland erecta 


Begonia rex 


228 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


A Successful Remodeled Barn 


By Edith S. Welch 
Photographs by Mary H. Northend 


HIS fine cld New England barn had an 
8 interior in first-class condition. It was 
decided to leave the walls as they were, 
staining them a soft, brownish gray, which 
gives a cool, weather-beaten appearance. 
The floor was thoroughly cleaned, and a 
plain green straw matting laid over it, 
which contrasts prettily with the dull tones of the woodwork. 

The original barn door was retained, and to-day slides 
back and forth as it did when the place served its original 
purpose. A low flooring, some eight feet square, laid on 
rough stone supports, was built just outside the door, and 
two urns and a large terra-cotta garden pot, filled with bright 
blossoming, plants, were arranged along the edge, and add a 
welcome touch of color to the pure white exterior of the 
building. 

Three windows, placed close together, were inserted at 
the rear of the barn, and swing inward on hinges, and thus 
allow plenty of light and fresh air to enter the interior of 
the apartment. 


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A long, broad seat extends beneath the windows, and is 
softly cushioned in tones harmonizing with the matting upon 
the floor, and is piled with downy sofa pillows to make it 
comfortable and attractive. Iwo large slat-back settles, 
painted white, and softly cushioned, with rare tapestries 
thrown carelessly across them, have been placed on either 
side of the old barn door. 

The furniture consists of many large rafha chairs, fitted 
with cushions similar to those found on the window-seat and 
settles, and numerous dainty Arts and Crafts tables, painted 
white, which serve as receptacles for vases and pots of 
flowers, magazines and bric-a-brac. ‘There are also a few 
fine Colonial pieces placed about, and these lend a charm 
and dignity to the apartment, such as only old mahogany 
can. Beautiful tapestries and numerous pictures and knick- 
knacks adorn the walls and relieve their somber coloring. 

The success obtained in this very interesting remodeling 
was, of course, due to the artistic care with which it was car- 
ried out. The barn readily lent itself to its new destination, 
being a simple, modest structure, not altogether unlike a 


The cosy result of artistic transformation 


June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 229 


The new piazza at the rear The transformed door 


house in its original state. The structural changes and modi- fine taste shown in the interior arrangements and fittings 
fications were, therefore, of the simplest kind, and it scarcely is well brought out in the photographs, which exhibit an 
needed more than a very moderate rearrangement of the interior so completely transformed and decorated as to leave 
exterior to make the interior available for human uses. The scarce a hint of the original purpose of the structure. 


Sy as 
Saab 82S ous Sa 


Bion 


The charming living-room of the old barn 


A trellis built at each corner of the house is effective 


Cement stucco is the material used for the exterior walls A rock-faced field stone, half-timber and stucco, are the materials used for the exterior walls 


The lattice-window effect is the chief characteristic of the house A house built of rough stone laid with wide white mortar joints 


Photographs of Sixteen 


The walls of rough cast are tinted cream yellow, while the shingles are stained a moss green A stucco house with a pergola porch has a fine setting 


An interesting porch is the feature of this house A house designed on the style of a Swiss chalet 


yuses of Moderate Cost 


7 
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- 


The walls of rough cast are tinted cream yellow, while the shingles are stained a moss green A atucco house with a pergola porch has a fine setting 


—— aaa 


wae | 5A 


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Lijit ~ wa 


The lattice-window effect is the chief characteristic of the i ; 
effect is the chief characteristic of the house A house built of rough stone laid with wide white mortar joints An interesting porch is the feature of this house A house designed on the style of a Swiss chalet 


Photographs of Sixteen Houses of Moderate Cost 


House for a Guaranteed Cost 


A Reputable Building Firm has Guaranteed to Build This House under Normal Conditions for 
Fifty-four Hundred Dollars within Sixty Miles of New York City 


Ree P TO the present it has been the custom to 
=A Me print illustrations of houses without giving 
the cost, or, at most, giving an approximate 
price. On taking this subject up with 
various building contractors, it was found 
that in no case has a house been built at 

“ anywhere near the cost given with the illus- 
tration. The trouble is due principally to one of three causes: 

First, the house was built several years before, and all 
know that labor and materials are continually advancing, 
and a house built three or more years ago would cost perhaps 
twenty per cent. more to-day. 

Secondly, many architects figure roughly at so much per 
square foot, others per cubic foot, forgetting that the same 
square or cubic area may be finished in pine with no orna- 
mental trim, or in mahogany with carved beam ceilings and 
heavy wainscoting—the cubic prices would, of course, vary 
considerably. 

Thirdly, it will be noted that nearly all of the illustrated 
books of houses with estimated prices originate in Western 
cities, and it would cost usually one hundred per cent.more to 
build the same house in the vicinity of the city of New York. 

This state of affairs has discouraged many intending house- 
seekers, and we now propose to do what we have never seen 
before, that is, to illustrate and describe an artistic dwelling, 
giving a definite figure at which a reputable firm of builders 
have guaranteed to build this dwelling absolutely complete 
and with no extras whatever, except lighting fixtures, which 
are never included in a building contract. 

It will be seen at a glance that the house has been carefully 
studied, both for comfort and homelike effects. At the very 
entrance the front door, by its unique design, gives promise 
of an attractive interior. 

The porch is roomy, and floored with red tiles, giving a 
warm, substantial aspect the moment you set foot on it. 

The dining-room is entered also through a casement open- 
ing, which can be tastefully hung with draperies, and around 
the walls is a heavy paneled wainscoting, six feet high, with 
a wide plate-shelf running all around. Four crossed beams 
in the ceiling add to the inviting appearance of the room. 
At the back, under two criss-cross casement windows, is a 
combination dresser and china closet built into the wall—a 


handsome ornament in itself, and completing the stamp of 
coziness, which is the greatest charm of a dining-room. 

The butler’s pantry is ample, and thoroughly equipped 
with cupboards. ‘The kitchen has every modern convenience, 
the range is of the best make, an enameled iron sink, soap- 
stone wash-tubs, and tile hearth; the careful alignment of the 
galvanized iron pipes completing the symmetry of the room 
‘‘where woman’s work is never done.” It will be noticed that 
even the ice-box has been allotted a place where it can stand 
away from the heat of the kitchen, and the maid’s comfort 
has been consulted to the extent of a small porch which she 
can enjoy all to herself. 

Upstairs are four good-sized bedrooms, with plenty of 
closet room, and the bathroom is finished in white enamel 
and nickelplated pipes throughout. 

The attic is entered through a scuttle, and has ample room 
to store all the trunks and other articles innumerable that 
are only wanted at long intervals. 

The floors are of narrow boards of comb-grained North 
Carolina pine, and finished in wax, so as to fit them for rugs 
if desired. 

Chestnut is a wood with a beautiful grain, which can be 
tinted in many attractive ways and colors, and for that rea- 
son it has been selected for the entrance-hall, stairs, living- 
room and dining-room, the rest of the house being finished 
in fine cypress and stained any color the owner may choose. 

A good dry cellar is an absolute necessity, and this one is 
well floored with concrete to give an even, dry surface. The 
coal-bin is placed near the steam-heater, and the house is 
supplied with a steam-heating apparatus capable of heating 
every room to seventy degrees in zero weather. 

Even the doors of the rooms have been carefully worked 
out, and are just ‘‘different” from what is commonly found 
in homes. The upper panel is divided into small square 
openings filled with beautifully colored hammered glass, and 
when the room doors are closed, the effect from the hall, as 
you reach the second floor, is a pleasant surprise. 

Now as to the outer walls of the house, and those are its 
most important features. Instead of wood framing, the 
walls are made of terra-cotta hollow tile, and the exterior 
covered with cement stucco. These hollow tiles are new, and 
yet they are old. They are new in that they have now been 


The elevations: 


Front and side 


June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 233 


In framing a_ house 
there are six operations: 
The exterior boards, or 
shingles, sheathing paper, 
wood sheathing, wood 
stud, lath and plaster. In 
hollow-tile construction, 
only three, viz., the 
stucco exterior, the 


recognized by the 
best and most pro- 
gressive architects as 
the modern type of 
construction, and 
they are old in that 
they have stood the 
test of several 
years use. The air [# gp 0 99 
spaces in the hol- hollow tile and in- 
low tile insulate terior plaster; and 
the house just labor is a large item 
like the double walls of a refrigerator, and prevent any to save. As to strength, each one of these tiles can support 
heat, cold or dampness entering such a house. The result is over one hundred thousand pounds pressure, more than 
that in summer, no matter how hot the day, the house is enough to support a six-story building. The roof shingles 
delightfully cool, and in can be stained any color 
winter a slight heat in the desired, and the stucco 
cellar will counterbalance exterior can be finished 
the coldest weather and smooth, semi rough or 
the sharpest blast. Here very rough, and from the 
again the hollow-tile con- white of Carrara marble 
struction rises superior; to the beautiful vari- 
the strongest wind will toned gray of natural 
not suffice to rock such a cement. 
house in the slightest, We have the written 
preventing cracked HI guarantee of a reputable 
plaster and damaged 1, LIVING ROOM building firm that they 
papered walls. eat will erect this house as 
It may not be com- described, anywhere 
monly known that a within sixty miles of the 
frame house will. shrink city of New York, at five 
about eight inches the thousand four hundred 
first year after it is fin- dollars, this guarantee to 


ae 
FRONT - DOOR, 


ished, opening up un- +ips7-stoRY SECOND-STORY hold good until August 

sightly cracks in plaster I, 1909. 

and woodwork. The hollow-tile house shrinks not at all; it Here, then, is a wholly new feature in architectural jour- 

is as solid as a rock. nalism, which should prove of the utmost practical value 
The material itself costs more than wood framing, but the to the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. ‘The 

difference in price is made up in a saving in labor. guarantee that is offered with this design is complete. 


The walls of the house are built of terra-cotta tile covered with a cement stucco 


234 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS June, 1909 


The Warner house, the first brick building erected in Portsmouth, New Hampshire 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


235 


A Colonial House at Portsmouth, New Hampshire 


By Mary H. Northend 
Photographs by the Author 


LMOST two centuries ago there was built 
in Portsmouth, N. H., at what is now the 
corner of Daniel and Chapel Streets, a 
stately Colonial mansion, the first brick 
building to appear in that old seaport town. 
This house, completed about 1718, was the 
residence of Capt. Archibald Macpheadris, 

a wealthy merchant who had come to this country from 
Scotland. He was at that time the chief promoter of the 
Dover Iron Works, 
which were the first 
to be established in 
America, and chose 
Portsmouth, some 
twelve miles distant, 
as his home. Here 
he married Sarah 
Wentworth, and set- 
tled down in his 
newly built house. 
At his death the 
estate fell to his 
daughter, Mary, 
who had married 
Hon. Jonathan 
Warner, a member 
of the King’s Coun- 
cil until the outbreak 
of the Revolution. 
For some unknown 
reason the name of 
Macpheadris’ s on - 
in-law, rather than 
that of the original 
owner, became asso- 
ciated with the man- 
sion, and to-day the 
well-preserved old 
structure is pointed 
out to interested 
visitors as the War- 
ner House. 

The fact that this 
home of the old 
Scotch trader has 
withstood the rav- 
ages of New Eng- 
land weather for 
nearly two hundred years, and that it is still in good condi- 
tion, certainly speaks well for the workmanship and original 
material put into it. Eighteen-inch walls, built of honest 
Dutch bricks imported from Holland, together with many 
other things used in the construction of the house, rise from 
a firm foundation, also of brick. Gambrel roof, luthern 
windows and a quaint little cupola mark this three-storied 
house as a genuine old-timer, and the broad, simply orna- 
mented doorways are suggestive of good old Colonial 
hospitality. 

The main entrance leads directly into a spacious hall ex- 
tending the entire depth of the house. Here a few beautiful 
pieces of old mahogany furniture show up to the best advan- 
tage against the white paneling of the walls. The flight of 
broad, low stairs brings to one’s mind a vision of the fair, 


The simply ornamented doorways are suggestive of good old Colonial hospitality 


stately dames and dignified gentlemen who trod them in early 
days, and the heavy iron bar which is still fastened securely 
to the stout door bespeaks a time when such protection was 
necessary. [he red men, however, were apparently not the 
dreaded foes, for the enormous antlers which decorate the 
wall are evidence of their friendliness toward Captain Mac- 
pheadris, if an old tradition is to be believed. “Iwo por- 
traits of Indian chiefs hanging at the head of the stairs also 
seem rather to corroborate this story than otherwise. 

But the  distinc- 
tive and really re- 
markable feature of 
this hall is the wall 
fresco reaching 
from the foot of the 
stairs to the second- 
story landing. On 
the rough plaster 
are depicted various 
scenes, all evidently 
the work of a mas- 
ter hand. At the 
head of the stairs is 
Governor Phipps 
Sieclaitied “on ehiis 
charger; lower 
down, Abraham is 
pictured just as he 
was about to sacri- 
fice his son, Isaac; 
still another subject 
is a lady at a spin- 
ning-wheel, while 
landscapes in rich 
coloring occupy bits 
of the wall here and 
there. These won- 
derful frescoes were 
hidden for many 
years under wall- 
paper, and it was 
not until fifty or 
sixty years ago that 
they were discov- 
Cher eaaqhunii tem by; 
chance, when a 
fresh covering was 
to be put on the 
walls. In one place, where the four or five layers of paper 
which had accumulated was peeled entirely off, a little girl 
of the family saw a horse’s hoof. A careful removal of the 
paper revealed the remarkable pictures, covering an area 
of from four to five hundred square feet. As a proof of 
the fact that the frescoes must have been covered up for 
many years, the story is told of an old lady, eighty years old, 
who had been a constant visitor at the Warner House in her 
youth. She could scarcely believe her eyes when she saw the 
paintings, and declared that their existence was unknown 
when she was intimate with the family. 

At the farther end of the broad hall is a door opening, 
not upon an old-fashioned flower-garden or orchard, as 
might be expected, but on to a small, grassy yard shaded by 
tall trees. This may possibly have been the original location 


236 AMERICAN HOMES ‘AND “GARDENS 


of the old slave quarters, long since removed, but 
the exact site of that building is not now known. 
An interesting feature of the exterior of the 
old mansion is a lightning-rod claimed to 
have been put up under the personal super- 
vision of Benjamin Franklin, and said to 
be the first one erected in the State of 
New Hampshire. 

Turning to the right, one passes 
from the hall into the great drawing- 
room, with its high white-paneled 
walls. At one side of the room is a 
broad arched doorway, where a large 
pipe-organ formerly stood, while a 
corner of the room is occupied by a 
fireplace faced with splendid old 
Dutch tiles. Quaint bits of pottery 
and metal of early make, together 
with beautiful old chairs and tables, 
some of them rare Chippendale and 
Sheraton pieces, have been used in the 
furnishing of this room. On the walls 
hang several fine portraits, painted by 
the famous Copley, all of which were 
originally encased in Paul Revere 
frames. A fire which swept through 
the town many years ago necessitated 
the removal of the pictures, however, 
and before their return the frames, 
with the exception of one, had mys- 
teriously disappeared. So it happens 
that Mrs. Jonathan Warner is the only one who smiles at 
the chance visitor from a heavy gilt frame. Included in this 
family collection are the portraits of Captain Macpheadris, 
his stately wife, and of the dignified Jonathan Warner. Miss 
Mary Warner, too, is pictured as an old-time belle, robed in 
stiff brocade and rich lace, and brings to one’s mind the days 
of long ago when the spacious drawing-room was converted 
into a banquet-hall and later became the scene of a stately 
old-fashioned dance. One seems almost to hear the rustle 
of silks and the soft click of high-heeled slippers, while fair 
ladies in wonderful gowns, and dignified gentlemen in ruf- 
fled shirts, embroidered coats and small-clothes, long silk 
stockings and silver- 
buckled slippers flit 
by in imagination, as 
they would have 
done in reality, had 
one visited in the 
days when the Hon. 
Jonathan Warner 
entertained with 
lavish hospitality. 

But not in the 
drawing-room _ only 
does one find the 
atmosphere of  by- 
gone days. In the 
living-room, directly 
across the entrance- 
hall, there are a mul- 
titude of things to 
attract the visitor’s 
dit Giemiee 1@) nese lenis 
room, like most of 
the other apartments 
in the house, is pan- 
eled in white, and its 
walls offer a most 
effective background 


Jonathan Warner’s military suit 


The great secretary in the living-room 


June, 1909 


for the queer, old-fashioned pictures and long, 
heavily framed mirrors which hang upon them. 
Priceless old mahogany abounds, and among 
the most notable pieces of furniture is a 
magnificent secretary. The shelves behind 
its glass doors were originally filled with 
an excellent collection of old books, but 
owing to the loss of part of them one 
compartment was left empty, and has 
since been taken for Indian relics. An- 
other most fascinating bit of furniture 
is a diminutive desk, said to be an ex- 
act copy in every detail of the original, 
which was brought to America by 

John Alden. 

Like the drawing-room, the living- 
room boasts of a fireplace, framed in 
quaint, imported tiles, but in place of 
grate or andirons, there is a Franklin 
stove, surmounted by a queer coffee- 
urn, once the property of Governor 
Langdon. From a historical point of 
view, however, this stove is far less 
interesting than one which is still in 
use in an upper chamber of the War- 
ner mansion. That stove, although 
not nearly so pretentious in appear- 
ance as the one in the living-room, has 
the distinction of being one of the 
three in Portsmouth which were set 
up by the famous Franklin himself. 

Needless to say, to the tourist’s mind such fame more than 
atones for any deficiency in ornamentation he may have 
observed. 

Old-time furnishings are used in the chambers, as the 
beautiful carved four-poster shown in the illustration will 
testify. With its snowy canopy, ruffled counterpane and 
exquisite hand-knot spread, this old bed is surely far more 
suggestive of rest and pleasant dreams than some of the 
gaudy, elaborate affairs displayed in the shops to-day. Odd 
candlesticks, vases, and such curiosities as foot-stoves and 
powder-horns, add to the picturesqueness of the rooms, and 
at the same time enhance the flavor of romance which 
clings to every nook 
and cranny of the 
historic old man- 
sion. 

The \pviesiemt 
owner of this de- 
lightful house, with 
its wealth of valu- 
able antiques, is 
Mrs. Penahallow, a 
direct descendant of 
Hon. Jonathan 
Warner, whose 
name the structure 
still bears. Proud 
of her remarkable 
possessions, this for- 
tunate woman takes 
the greatest pleasure 
in caring for her 
treasures and in 
showing the house 
to occasional visit- 
ors. Nothing of 
interest is passed 
over from the row 
of old-time fire- 


June, 1909 


buckets hanging in the rear hall, to 
the embroidered military suit worn 
by Jonathan Warner, and now 
carefully folded away with his 
sword and cocked hat. Even the 
bills of lading for much of the fam- 
ily plate and imported furniture 
have been preserved since the year 
1716 and may be seen. With such 
a store of interesting things to be 
examined it is small wonder that 
the old Warner House proves a 
most attractive spot to the tourists 
who is visiting the landmarks of 
Portsmouth. 

There is a world of interest in 
this fine old house, which sums up, 
in quite a remarkable way, some of 
the most striking characteristics of 
all that is best in New England 
Colonial architecture. Of genuine 
Colonial architecture; that is, for 
this sacred word is nowadays ap- 
plied to modern structures as well 
as old ones, and it may be that not 
a few persons may misunderstand 


its true meaning, and confuse the real with the imitation, 
mistake the new for the old. The real student of buildings 


The main entrance leads directly into a spacious hall 


The living-room is paneled in wood, painted white 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 237 


needs no guide to help him out on 
this point, for the genuine Colonia] 
house has its well-defined hall- 
marks, and the modern imitation 
can never be mistaken for the gen- 
uine antique. 

In Portsmouth, and in most New 
England towns, there is little need 
to note this difference or to call 
attention to this basic distinction, 
if distinction it be. And for the 
Warner House no guide-book to 
genuine old building is needed, for 
its antiquity cries aloud and speaks 
distinctly in every part. Not, in- 
deed, because of manifest discrepi- 
tude, for the house is now as hale 
and hearty as ever it was; but be- 
cause of the quiet, penetrating 
beauty of its exterior, its distin- 
guished air, its old-time flavor, the 
untranslatable quality of distinction 
that belongs to structures of this 
period, as a matter of right; a 
quality that is their birthright; in 
fact, and which no modern building 


ever has or can hope to acquire save by the patient process of 
long-continued growth and silent duration through a long 


238 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


Bedroom with original four-poster 


period of years. Unfortunately, many modern dwellings, 
were they to exist for hundreds of years, would never acquire 
this precious quality, but of that we are not now concerned 
with. 

The fine simplicity of many old Colonial designs is beauti- 
fully illustrated in the exterior of the Warner House. Its 
simplicity, indeed, verges upon the forbidding, since there 
is naught here but walls of brick, windows of the most severe 
design, a bare string course, a simple cornice. But there is 
a fine old doorway, carefully enriched with delicate mold- 
ings; and there is an effective gambrel roof, which, with its 
dormer windows, its crowning balustrade and cupola, give 
character and finish to all that has been built below. 

One may be sure the designer of this house knew his busi- 
ness, and set about it directly. He had no need to search 
through books, look up “periods,” and debate with his client 


as to styles, forms, modes, and ideas. He knew what to do 
and did it, did it directly and simply, did it strongly and 
well, did it delightfully, moreover, and created a house that, 
after a lapse of nearly two hundred years, is still a model of 
its kind, and the delight of all who see it. This was doing 
something in very truth, and was a feat that not a few 
modern architects, enriched with an extensive paraphernalia 
of professional training have yet to accomplish. 

And if this be true of the exterior of the house, it is equally 
so of the interior. It is true it is not now all as it has always 
been; but much of the original form remains, and much of 
the original contents. And the house, although still used 
and occupied to-day, is, of its kind, a veritable museum of 
the early domestic life of New England, filled with many 
interesting treasures and dowered with a rich and interesting 
history. 


June, 1909 


The 


Summer Home 


of 
Arthur 
W. Hall, Esq. 


bind 


By Bessie P. Lee a ae 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


239 


Crystal Brook 
Long Island 


Bind 


Photographs by 
John Clifford 


White painted settles are built at either side of the entrance doorway 


HE cottage under consideration grew up out 
of the ground, “without a thought of the 
morrow,” as naturally as a clump of field 
grass. The construction is of plank. This 
gets rid of the studding, and, as there is 
no lath and plaster used, this is quite a con- 
sideration. Only on the partitions upstairs 

does the studding appear, and there it is most convenient, 

being used as shelves or a sort of glorious catch-all. 

The outside of the cottage is battened over the joint of 
the big boards, and stained green with Cabot creosote, while 
the upper half is shingled, and that and the roof left to 
weather the beautiful gray of the seaside shingle. 

We enter through a small hall, off which is a large and 


convenient coat closet. And then we come at once upon the 
“Cantie Hearth, where cronies meet,” which, with the 
twenty-foot window-seat just opposite, are the features of 
the living-room. We made up our minds that after all the 
bric-a-brac and “things to dust’? of town, that our country 
home should be deliciously bare and chastely empty. And we 
succeeded, there being nothing much in the room besides the 
fireplace and the window-seat, except some good plain rocker- 
chairs, stained a fine, dirty worn-out blue to match the wain- 
scot in the room. These, with a table which can easily be 
moved out on the porch, where all the meals are served, a 
few other tables and quantities of pots, jars and vases for 
the heaps of flowers which grow all on the landscape, make 
the room a perfectly easy place to take care of. 


The house is built of battens for the first story and shingles for upper floor 


240 


The treatment of room and general scheme of color is 
unusual. [he wainscot is stained blue over the knots and 
irregularities of the hemlock boards, while the windows and 
door-trims and wainscot molding is stained a crisp Veronese 
green. [here is a frieze of orange trees, with distant glimpses 
of marsh and water, while the low-beamed ceiling is of dull 
orange crossed by green beams. ‘The big solid ten-inch gir- 
der crossing these, and forming the backbone of the house, 
is upheld by two crouching grotesque figures in compo and 
painted in semi-conventiona] color. ‘The beams are stenciled 
in blue in a design suggested by an old German calendar, 
while the floor is covered with a Chinese rug with a yellow 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


tunately, he never does, so you need never fear missing 
a train! 

One of the interesting features of the cottage, we think, 
are the window-curtains. These are stenciled on batiste of 
a warm, unbleached color, in oil, and are hung at the many 
windows under a vallance. The curtains reach just to the 
sill, and the vallance is hung from under a cornice of plain 
wood about four inches wide, along which is stenciled, also 
in oil, a conventionalized berry-and-leaf design, like border 
of curtains. ‘The effect of the cornice is very charming in 
its simplicity, because it hides hooks or rings, and the 
usually unpleasant things that happen at the top of curtains. 


The wainscot is stained blue over the knots and over the hemlock boards, while the window- andjdoor-trim are stained a crisp Veronese green 


field, upon which is an imperial dragon in blue, sprawling 
magnificently. 

The whole effect of the room is very simple but complete, 
and though the color is high, it is made soft by all being 
done in stains over natural wood, the frieze being worked on 
coarse canvas in washes, in the stitchery effect' often called 
tapestry. We regard it as immensely effective and successful. 

Convenient bookcases are built into spaces wherever feas- 
ible, and on top of one (instead of their inevitable place on 
the mantel) is a clock of curious design. It is in the shape 
of a box, higher than wide, with a good molding top and 
bottom. A large sea monster is grotesquely writhing round 
and round, till suddenly you come to his widespread jaws, 
which seem to open just in time for you to see a clock (of 
the plain alarm variety) before he swallows it. This, for- 


Two long French windows, which open on to the broad 
veranda, proved to look too high, so the top panels were 
painted to look like stained glass. This was done by draw- 
ing the design on the glass with thick blackish-brown paint 
with plenty of Japan dryer in it. After this was dry, the 
color was flowed on yery thinly over the parts designed to 
be colored. ‘These particular ones represent the arms of the 
cottage. A pointed shield, the crest of the Bush on top, 
and the charges on the shields were what the Indians charged 
for the property when it passed into the hands of the first 
white settlers: i. e., ‘4 Shirts, 4 pairs stockings, 11 bars of 
lead and 3 Pickel Kettle.”” These, with a few other useful 
commodities, made up the sale. A very reasonable price 
when we compare it with some of the present values of Long 
Island real estate. 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 241 


The color scheme of the living-room is most effective. The decorations for the room and the furnishings were designed by the owner 


Under the stair landing is a 
most convenient little cupboard, 
which the master of the house 
calls his ‘‘Boozorium,”’ as in one 


small corner of it he 
keeps a few joyful 
bottles. The most of 
it, however, is de- 
voted to a series of 
shelves upon which 
are placed a number 
of cunning individual 
cooking-pots with 
covers, of a beautiful 
lettuce green; these, 
with pottery plates, 
‘teapots, etc., all of 
lettuce green, were 
green made by the 
children in Holland 
and specially im- 
ported for Madame 
by a kind and artistic 
friend. The drawers 
below are for silver, 
and under these are 
wide and deep shelves 
for the table linen, 
which, being out of 
the ordinary, deserves 
a word in passing. 
The table, being a 
kitchen table of deal, 


9-6"x19-9" 


with oak legs, is stained a dark brown. Around the edge is a 
small stencil border in green and blue. One can see at once that 
here the usual white cloth is out of the question, so this has been 
most pleasantly evaded by using hemstitched doilies of coarse Rus- 
sian linen, upon 
which have been sten- 
ciled a design cover- 
ing the entire doily. 
One set is of orange- 
colored conventional- 
1zZed pomegranates 
with all the hems 
stained yellow. 

A few of the cur- 
tains in the upstairs 
rooms are, perhaps, 
worthy of note. One 
sort, painted on un- 
bleached muslin, has 
a border of green and 
blue peacock eyes, 
with spots at intervals 
on the center field. A 
bureau runner and _table- 
cover on Russian linen 
dishtoweling are used with 
these, while a bedcover of 
muslin, edged and spotted 
with peacock eyes, com- 
plete this part of the fur- 
nishing. Another room 
has curtains of hollyhocks, 
growing in a garden. 


Stadio. 


Living Room. 


19°0"x19-0" 


Cosement Windows. 


Veranda. 
10-0" 4-0"-0" 


yproad Rails 


First Floor Plan. 


242 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


Wall Gardens 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


{I IS in the halcyon days of early summer 
that the wall garden is to be seen at its best. 
The shallow rooting places of the plants 
are yet moist with the rains of the spring- 
time, and the wallflowers can easily hold 
their own even with the plants in the bor- 
der. The scorching month of July, how- 
ever, is hardly at an end ere the glories of the wall garden 
are things of the past. With the coming of the warm 
showers of early fall the flagging plants are, in a measure, 
revived, but they are scarcely able to make a fresh start 
before the advent of the chilly winds and sunless days of 
winter. 

For the ideal wall garden an old wall is by far the best, 
one on which the passage of many years has softened the 
building material. The upper surface in its crumbling has 
provided a foothold for those pioneers of the garden—the 
mosses. Nature never delays long in scattering these lowly 
forms of vegetable life wherever their existence is possible, 
and long before larger plants could obtain a footing the mor- 
tar of the wall will be outlined in green velvet. So, as the 
years go on, generations of these mosses live and die, and 
each in dying will leave behind something which will add to 
the ever-increasing deposits of mold. 

As soon as the amount of mold is sufficient to sustain 
any higher state of vegetable life, the plants will come. 
How or whence it is not always easy to say. Sometimes, 
but not so often as one would expect, flying seeds alight on 
the wall and develop into mature plants. But in the ma- 
jority of instances we must look for some distributing agent, 
and we need not seek very far. Millions of all kinds of 
seeds are carried about on the feet of birds, and this is espe- 
cially so in damp weather when everything is moist and 
sticky. 

But it is one only among many who is fortunate enough 
to be the possessor of one of these fine old walls on which 
Nature has established the beginnings of a wall garden. 
Most of us must 
needs rely on our 
own skill to con- 
struct a_ situation 
for this most fasci- 
nating form of hor- 
ticulture. This is 
not so difficult as it 
might appear to be 
at first sight. Some 
of the finest of wall 
gardens have only 
been in existence for 
three or four years, 
and so_ skilfully 
have they been built 
and tended that 
they might well 
have half a _ cen- 
tury’s growth be- 
hind them judging 
by appearances. Of 
course, in such cases 
it is necessary to 
erect a special wall, 


The beginning of a wall garden 


and this business must be set about with great care. The 
best plan is to make a double wall of somewhat rough 
stones. ‘The use of mortar is not essential, although a little 
here and there will make a more satisfactory job. In any 
case, it will do no harm if the stones do not fit very well 
together, as in a general way the more crevices and holes 
there are the better. ‘The actual height of the wall is a 
matter which must be settled by the taste of the individual, 
although it may be suggested that about breast high is a 
very suitable measurement. 

When it is completed the wall should be gone over and 
the cracks and holes slightly enlarged in order to make 
decent-sized receptacles for the mold which should be pre- 
pared without delay. The nature of the composition is 
rather an important point, and a mixture which may be well 
recommended is that formed of leaf mold, well-matured 
loam, with the addition of some gritty material to prevent 
clogging. ‘This worked up into an even moist condition may 
be packed into the holes, not too loosely. It is not at all 
a bad thing to leave the wall just as it is for some months 
to allow everything to settle down well, and to this end it 
may be recommended that the best time of all to undertake 
the construction of a wall is perhaps in the fall of the year 
when there is plenty of moisture. 

It must be admitted that in a general sense it is not a 
very satisfactory way of establishing a wall garden to plant 
the specimens. As a matter of fact it seems especially diffi- 
cult to induce plants to get a hold in the rather curious 
situations which will have to be accorded to them. In most 
cases one can not do better than seed sowing when the plants 
from their babyhood seem to get some idea of the condi- 
tions under which they will have to exist. The most suitable 
species for wall culture are those which can stand a good 
deal of drought, but, although one must be rather particular 
in making the selection, there are a great many plants which 
are available for the purpose. A few which the writer 
knows to be good may be mentioned, though the list is by 
no means exhausted 
with these. Many 
varieties of pinks 
(Dianthus) seem to 
be per f ee tiliy aan 
home, and the same 
may be said for the 
smaller campanu- 
las, | antirrhinums, 
arabises and  au- 
bretias. Among the 
larger growing vari- 
eties might be men- 


tioned the stocks 
(Mathiola), the 
true wallflowers 


.(Cheitanthus) and 
the pretty evening 
blooming oeno- 
theras. It is a sim- 
ple business to 
scatter a few seeds 
of any of the above- 
named plants in the 
mold-filled crevices 


June, 1909 


on the wall. A period of 
mild showery weather 
must be selected for the 


purpose, but, should the 


time by any chance prove 
dry afterward, the seed 
lings will be all the better 
for a little watering. But 
nothing in the way of 
coddling is permissible, as 
the sooner the plants can 
realize that they are in 
rather a strange situation 
the more likely will they 
be to make the modifica- 
tions necessary for their 
well-being. 

To make a groundwork 
of green there are, of 
course, any number of 
small creeping plants 
which will be found in- 
valuable. Many of the 
succulents, such as the 
Sedums, are extremely 
useful, and with these it 
is best to place small por- 
tions of the plants into 
the desired situations, giv- 
ing them a little water to 
prevent flagging. The 
useful little stonecrop 
(S. micranthus) are also 
very easily established, 


and will make a gay show in the spring with their clusters 
of golden or white blooms. 
creeping plants which may well be placed in suitable posi- 
Any gardening book will offer sugestions as to 


tions. 


Flowering shrubs growing on the top of an old wall 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


—— ad Ee 


An attractive type of garden located on the top of a brick wall 


There are a whole host of 


243 


trailing species, almost all 
varieties of this kind being 
well at home on the wall. 

In mild localities there 
is no more splendid 
group of wall plants than 
the Mesembryanthemums. 
Cuttings of these magnifi- 
cent succulents easily take 
root and grow with a 
great luxuriance. The 
sunniest position possible 
should be accorded to the 
plants, as, although they 
will grow in the shade, a 
warm, bright place is the 
only one in which they 
will produce their lovely 
flowers. The family is a 
large one, and there are 
many species which in the 
color of their blossoms em- 
brace a great variety of 
tints. 

In the foregoing, the 
possibilities of a wall gar- 
den in a more or less sunny 
position have been con- 
sidered. Charming wall 
gardens, on which are 
planted various kinds of 
shade-loving species, may 
be devised where the situa- 
tion is such that not much 


sun is experienced. Of course, the ferns are to the forefront 
among the varieties which are suitable for this purpose. All 
the ferns which grow naturally in rock crevices will flourish 
here, and many of the other kinds may be naturalized. 


A fine natural wall garden 


244 AMERICAN 


Oe 


a. mee 


» 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


Fig. 1—One of the streets at Forest Hills, Long Island 


A Group of Inexpensive Houses at Forest Hills, Long Island 


By Paul Thurston 


YO BUILD artistic houses for a small amount 
eon is one of the questions which rises in the 
minds of all home builders of modest 
means. The group of small houses illus- 
trated herewith, while constructed of a 
similar kind of material, shows in each de- 
sign a distinct individuality. The house 
Babington 


Oi BRS 
(Figs. 2, 3 and 4) 
is built of brick and 
half-timber work. 
The foundation is 
built of rock-faced 
red sandstone laid 


in red mortar. ‘The 
first story is built of 
red brick, laid in 
white mortar, with 
wide joints. The 
second story is 
beamed, forming 
panels, w hich are 
filled in with stucco- 
work, stained a soft 
gray color, while the 
trimmings through- 
out are tinted a soft 


brown. The roof is 
covered with red 
slate. 

The interior 


throughout is 


Fig. 2—Mr. Babington’s house is built of brick and half-timber work 


trimmed with cypress, finished a Flemish brown. The 
entrance to the house is reached from the piazza built at one 
corner of the house. The hall, occupying a very small space, 
contains an ornamental staircase, with turned balusters and 
newels, which are finished the same as the trim. Opening 
from the hall to the left is a living-room, furnished with an 
open fireplace, with tiled facings and hearth and a neat 
wooden mantel. 
The _ dining-room 
and kitchen, com- 
municating through 
the butler’s pantry, 
occupy the rear side 
of the house. Each 
is fitted with all the 
best appointments 
of the small modern 
country house. The 
walls of the hall are 
covered with a two- 
tone green-striped 
wall-paper, while 
the living-room has 
a mustard-y ellow 
wall-paper. The 
dining-room has a 
wall covering in 
green and blue, with 
tapestry effect. The 
second floor con- 
tains four bedrooms 
and a_ bathroom. 


June, 1909 


‘i KX. 
XX) 
we ») 


XX e 
wane 


i 


NY xx pay 
We 

Noe 8 
= 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


245 


Fig. 3—Another view of Mr. Babington’s house showing the one chimney 


Each bedroom is reached from the hall. The entire floor is 
trimmed with cypress and finished in a Flemish brown. The 
bathroom has porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated 
plumbing. The cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel 
room and laundry. Cost, four thousand three hundred dol- 
lars. William Adams, of New York, was the architect. 
Mr. Holmes’s house (Figs. 5 and 
6) is finished in a similar manner as 
the one already described. The plan 
of the house is somewhat better than 


Dur-czo - 


Liling oor 


Mr. Babington’s, for the reason that direct communication 
is made from the hall to the kitchen, which is not the case in 
the plan of Mr. Babington’s house. The second-floor plan 
of Mr. Holmes’s house shows a very compact arrangement 
of rooms in a very small space. Cost, four thousand four 
hundred dollars. William Adams, of New York, was also 
the architect of this house. 

Mr. Frederick Bett’s house (Figs. 7, 8 and 11) is a com- 
bination of brick, stucco and half-timber work, and is built 
from plans by Benj. Driesler, of Brooklyn, N. Y. This house 


/2-6 X/3 


Seconb /looe 


Fig. 4—The plans of Mr. Babington’s house show an economical arrangement of rooms 


246 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1909 


is planned to be built on a narrow lot, 
therefore the rooms are placed one follow- 
ing the other from the front to the rear 
of the house. The living-room and dining- 
room are separated by sliding doors, op- 
posite which, in the dining-room, there is 
built an open fireplace, furnished with tiled 
facings and a hearth and a mantel of 
excellent design. Placing the fireplace in the 
dining-room, which adjoins the kitchen, 
precludes the necessity of an extra chimney, 
thereby saving a considerable expense. The 
hall contains an ornamental staircase with 
turned newels, balusters and rails. At the 
end of the hall is the butler’s pantry, which 
is fitted with drawers, dressers and cup- 
boards. It has a door opening into the 
dining-room and also into the kitchen. The 
second floor contains three bedrooms and a 
bathroom, while the third floor contains 
two bedrooms. Cost, four thousand two 
hundred dollars. 

Mr. Meyer’s house (Fig. 12) was built 
after the floor plans used for Mr. Bett’s 
house, with a slight change in the exterior 


—_ and different treatment of the half-timber 
a ae work. Both houses have natural cypress 
Fea ee ca = lpe Beoroore fl trim throughout, finished in a Flemish 
70 x2 | brown. ‘The walls throughout both houses 
LUNG Rey are covered with artistic wall-paper. 


Mr. Driesler made a distinct departure 
from the other houses illustrated in this 
series when he designed Mr. Austin’s house 
(Fig. 9). While the underpinning is of 
brownstone, and the first story is of red 
brick, the second and third stories of the 
house are of frame, covered on the exterior 
with white cedar shingles, laid with double 


Fig. 6—-The floor plans of Mr. Holmes’ House 


DINING Koord 
JE X16 


piling Looe 


[4 X14¢.6 


Fig. 7—Mr. Frederick Betts’ house is built of red brick, stucco Fig. 8—The first floor plan of Mr. 
and half-timber Betts’ house 


June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 247 


courses. These shingles are stained a soft 
gray color, while the trimmings throughout 
are painted white for the first story and 
gray for the second and third. The blinds 
are painted bottle-green. The interior is 
treated the same as the houses already de- 
scribed. Cost, four thousand nine hundred 
dollars complete. 

All the houses are supplied with gas and 
electric-lighting apparatus, and fixtures in 
keeping with the style of the buildings. 
The grounds around each of these little 
houses are well laid out. Concrete walks 
extend in from the highway to the front 
door and to the rear door. 

These houses, in design and construction, 
comprise an excellent group, the cost of 
which is not much over four thousand 
dollars. 

To build a large house is one thing, 
but to build a small one, is another, espe- 
cially when it is to be considered that the 
wants of the modern family of to-day are 
quite equal to the man who builds a much 
greater house. 

To build a small house, with an exterior 
elevation that is artistic and distinctive, and 
have an arrangement of rooms that are of 
good size and convenient in their relation Dyes, OO 
to each other, and to have included in it | 
all the best modern conveniences and im- 
provements for light and heat, and all the 
sanitary features which are necessary, for 
the sum of four thousand dollars, is a feat eae 
that requires much thought and study on ye oes 
the part of the architect, yet this is what 
the architect has done. 


[| BED Rood. 
2-6 x10 


Deoroore 
J0-6X/2. 


Beoroorg 
MX 13-6 


Sreon Door 


Fig. 10—Plans 


S7TORAGE- 


Secowo Jloor. 


Fig. | 1|—The second-floor plan of Mr. Fig. |2—Mr. Meyer's house is built after the floor plans used for 
Frederick Bett’s house Mr. Bett’s house 


AMERICAN 


248 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 | 


‘Homewood, » 


The Country Seat of Richard G. Tower, Esq., at Lexington, Massachusetts 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


2?R. TOWER’S residence at Lexington, 
Mass., is a good example of the modern Co- 
lonial mansion. The rambling brick dwell- 
ing had its prototype in the old Colonial 
mansions of the South, such as Westover, 
Martin’s Brandon and White Hall. 

There is the central building with its de- 
tached extension, connected by a butler’s pantry, on the first 
floor and a passageway on the second floor; the plan has 
provided for a duplicate wing to be added to the other side 
of the building. The great portico of the facade is, of 
course, derived from the house of the ideal Virginia planter. 

The walls are built of red brick, Jaid in Flemish bond, with 
white mortar. ‘The roof is covered with shingles left to 
weather finish. The approach to the house is from the road- 
way, leading in from the street and sweeping up to the 
portico at the front of the house. ‘The portico is particularly 
dignified and the entrance-doorway, recessed into a semicir- 
cular vestibule with a domed ceiling, is an attractive feature. 
The portico has stone steps, while the floor is laid of brick in 
herringbone pattern. The rear of the house, facing the gar- 
den and the wood- 
land, has a_ portico 
with a terrace extend- 
ing from it in either 
direction. 

The interior is 
generous in its pro- 
portions, and the high 
ceilings and spacious 
rooms make a de- 
lightful house for en- 
tertaining. The hall 
has a paneled wall 
from the floor to the 
ceiling, which is white 
enameled. ‘The stair- 
case is recessed and 
has a neatly turned 
balustrade in white 
enamel, and a ma- 
hogany rail. The 
walls of this part of 
the hall, and extend- 
ing to the second 
story, have a wall- 
paper with a large 
blue design on a 
white background. 
The highly polished 
Hoor is covered with 
a rug with a blue 
body and a_ yellow 
and old-rose figured 
border) ‘Nhe stare 
carpet is of a plain 
color in an old-blue 
tone. An inlaid card- 
table and Chippen- 
dale chairs complete 
the furnishing. 


The portico is the feature of the front 


To the right of the entrance is the reception-room, fin- 
ished with a white-enameled trim, and a wall paneled and 
covered with watered silk and finished with a gilded border. 
The fireplace has gray marble facings, and a carved mantel, 
with a paneled overmantel and mirror. The floor is covered 
with a Persian rug in white with an old-rose and blue center. 
Soft lace curtains hang at the windows. Opposite the 
reception-room and across the hall is the den, which is fin- 
ished with a black-painted trim. The wall is covered with 
Japanese grass cloth finished with a molded and carved 
cornice. The furniture is of mahogany and the upholstery is 
in green. 

White lace curtains hang at the windows, while green 
and brown brocaded silk curtains are hung at the door open- 
ings. The open fireplace is built with black and white mar- 
ble facings and hearth and it has a mantel of good design. 

The living-room has a white-enameled trim and a wall 
covering of crimson brocaded silk. Crimson velvet draperies 
are hung at the doors. Similar curtains are hung at the win- 
dows over softer ones of lace. The fireplace has white and 
black marble facings and hearth, and a Colonial mantel and 
overmantel of attrac- 
tive style. 

The sun-room, 
which opens from the 
living-room, also has 
a white- enameled 
trim and walls. The 
windows are hung 
with green and _ yel- 
low cretonne curtains. 

Opening from the 
living-room, and also 
from the hall, is the 
dining-room, which is 
one of the most im- 
portant and delight- 
ful rooms in the 
house. The coltom 
scheme is gray and 
white. The trim is 
painted white. The 
walls have a low pan- 
eled wainscoting, 
above which they are 
covered with a forest 
wall decoration in a 
gray and white. The 
east end of the room 
is very attractive, 
with fireplace, fluted 
pilasters and  arch- 
ways. The fireplace 
is built of brick, laid 
in white mortar, and 
has a mantel and pan- 
eled over-mantel. The 
important feature of 
the dining-room is 
the furniture, consist- 
ing of a most unusual 


June, 1909 


1 


set of Spanish Chippendale, purchased | 
from an old Spanish family in Charles- 
ton, S. C., and numbering twelve 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


249 


floors and wainscotings and porcelain fixtures, with exposed 
nickelplated plumbing. 
The extension contains the servants’ quarters, consisting of 


chairs and two settles, such as aoee four bedrooms and bathreom. ‘There are extra guest rooms 
are shown in the illustrations. on the third floor, and 
These pieces are of mahogany eZ) | the cemented cellar 
mounted with gold. oe contains a furnace 
The two sideboards, EDERCOM a (Chee BEDROOM : room, fuel room, cold- 
the china closet and the 81/8 noor  oewanr (EE as storage room and 
sidetable are also of nd 21s. HU vegetable cellar. 
mahogany, and are hoor A BATH Ce ae ee (ee (i ree jas = There has been 
genuine antiques. ele , pow || _PASSACE [fy eae much planting done 
The butler’s pantry Bate I cLds vol | about the house, and 
is fitted complete with = SH alite Be A cew Ante se war the garden at the rear 
drawers, dressers and ade of the house, which is 
cupboards. From the pantry a sc By ce Ror = reached from the ter- 
a door opens into the kitchen, ie race, is interesting, for 
which is provided with all the Ris it has some formal characteristics, including its 
best modern conveniences to pergola, tea house and walks bordered by annuals 
be found in the service part of a and perennials, shrubs and plants. The great brick 
well-regulated house. The laundry SECOND FILOOR PLAN wall dividing the bowling green from the natural 


OER ERE 


i 


\ 


NN NN 


bic sina 


The roadway terminating into a circle forms the approach to the house 


is thoroughly well-equipped 


and up-to-date in every re- 
spect, and the servants’ hall 
is an excellent adjunct. 


The rear hall and the 


staircase form an access to 


park of forest trees is also worthy of notice. 
Massive brick pillars, surmounted by cut-stone 
caps, mark the openings for the gateways from 
which swing wooden gates of simple design and 
construction. After 
passing through 


the cellar and to this gateway, a 
the second story. flight of two stone 
This hall contains a steps leads one be- 
large well-fitted yond the bowling 


closet for stores. 
From the front 
staircase hall a coat 


room and toilet- 


green, with its brick 


room is reached. 

The second story is divided 
into four bedrooms and three 
bathrooms. Each of the bed- 
rooms has a fireplace, white- 
enameled trim, and walls treated in 


one 


wall enclosure, to 
the primeval forest 
of tall pines, which 
gives the house so 
fine a setting. The 
bowling green has 
some excellent pine trees, under the shade of 
which are placed white-painted settles, afford- 
ing a quiet place in which to rest. To the left 


of the bowling green, and within view of 
the living-room and sun-room, is the formal 


particular color scheme for each room. 
The bathrooms are furnished with tiled 


VSI Teen | A 


5 10__15_ ~~ 2OFEET 
[2 ee es 


AMERICAN HOME. 


250 


2 Tagen eae 


Bere es 
abe adden ta ghetahatePetater tats thet 


The living-room has a white paintec 
crimson broc 


The walls of the reception-room are paneled and covered with 
watered silk 


The walls of the hall are paneled from the floor to the ceiling and are The dining-room has a low wainscoti: 
painted with white enamel forest decoration in 


AND GARDENS 


eRe RNR 
ae 


t 


Re ee (TRS 


im and walls covered with Japanese grass cloth of a golden brown for the walls and a black painted trim 
is the color scheme of the den 


id above which the walls have a 
; }ay and white 


The important feature of the dining-room is the set of Spanish 
Chippendale chairs 


Be 
_ 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


MW ME Wad Ty 


CARI 


#, ie Se 2, i a er P 2 
The walls of the reception-room are paneled and covered with The living-room has a white painted trim and walls coyered with Japanese grass cloth of a golden brown for the walls and a black painted trim 
watered silk crimson brocade is the color scheme of the den 


“nN $5 rr >) we, «< . * 
The dining-room has a low wainscoting above which the walls have a The important feature of the dining-room is the set of Spanish 
Chippendale chairs 


forest decoration in gray and white 


es 


The walls of the hall are paneled from the floor to the ceiling and are 
painted with white enamel 


252 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


The garden at the rear of the house is inclosed with a red brick wall 


garden, enclosed with a white-painted fence of Colonial 
style. ‘This garden is laid out in a geometrical form, with 
the various shaped beds filled with plants and shrubs, which 
give a brilliant coloring continually, from the hyacinth and 
dattodil of early spring to the end of the fall, when the 
main beds are a mass of cosmos beauty. A central walk 
extends through the garden, broken only by a sun-dial, placed 
in the center of the garden, from which the other walks 
radiate. A tea-house is built at the end of the walk, from 


which a broad vista is obtained of the distant hills and the 
surrounding country. Messrs. Fehmer and Page, of Boston, 
Mass., were the architects of this splendid house, and they 
have planned it and laid out the grounds to meet the require- 
ments of a country estate of distinction. 

The beauty of the design of this house lies in the fact 
that both the owner and the architect had but one idea, and 
that was to build so that there would be something real in its 
design and plan, and avoid any purely surface display. 


A latticed fence painted white forms the inclosure for the formal garden 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


X11 


y 
4 


" 
yi OU sly, ne 
J ay, , 


Garden Notes 


Annual Vines 


HERE are many occasions when a quick-growing annual vine 
can be used with good effect, though, as a general rule, it is bet- 
ter to plant the slower-growing perennials even if the first 
year’s growth does leave things looking a little bare. Certainly one 
should not plant annuals and shrubby vines together because the 
annuals are sure to gain the upper hand and shade and choke the 
perennials out, making them lose very nearly a year’s growth and 
delaying by so much the time when they will themselves be sufficient. 


The majority of shrubby vines may be bought in pots and planted ~ 
at any time up to the first of July, so late planting is no excuse for 


using annuals. 

The annuals may be planted, however, on temporary structures 
such as fences, buildings, old trees, etc., which are soon to be re- 
moved, or they may be used to cover any unsightly piles of earth or 
stones which by force of circumstances have to be left in place all 
summer. 

A rented house, too, which is ill provided with vines may be shaded 
and decorated with annuals at slight expense and little trouble. 
Almost anything which is unsightly, buildings, fences, ash heaps, 
walls, piazzas, etc., can be covered with some of these vines. 

The following list gives the most useful varieties: 

CoBoEA SCANDENS.— Cups and Saucers.” Grows 25 feet in a 
season, bearing large bell-shaped purple or white flowers and clinging 
to any rough surface by means of tendrils. 

CoNVOLVULUS MAjoR.—The familiar morning-glory, grows 15 
feet high and bears a profusion of beautiful flowers. A twining vine. 

Doticuos LasLras.— ‘Hyacinth bean,” growing 10-20 feet in a 


Growing 


It will be found much easier and cheaper to buy tomato plants for 
a small garden than to raise them, because they are difficult to raise 
from seed and the plants are very cheap. A dozen plants well cared 
for will probably supply a family of six. Potted plants are best and 
should be used even though they cost more than those grown in flats. 

The ground for tomatoes should be thoroughly prepared, spaded 
deeply early in the season and later on dressed with manure and 
forked over again. Throughout May the ground should be cultivated 
often to make it light and friable. Successive cultivations tend to 
make the soil warm up more quickly and to conserve moisture. 

The young plants should be bought and planted not much before 
the 30th of May. ‘The tomato is a tender tropical plant which is 
quickly killed by frost and is seriously checked in growth by a tem- 
perature of 45 degrees or lower. 


season and bearing purple and white flowers in clusters, followed by 
ornamental beans. : 

HuMuLus JAPONICUS.—Japanese hop, reaches 15-20 feet and 
has foliage like the common hop. ‘The variegated form is said to be 
interesting. Easy to grow. 

IPOMOEA COCCINEA.—Star Ipomoea, 10 feet, with very small 
scarlet flowers which are, however, produced in abundance. 

IPoMOEA QUAMOocLIT.—Called Cypress vine, because of its deli- 
cate cypress-like foliage. Small star-shaped flowers scarlet and white. 
. IPOMOEA GRANDIFLORA.—Moonflower, white flowers half foot 
“across, opening in the evening or on cloudy days. 

JAPANESE Morninc-ciories (Ipomoea).—Are  rapid-growing 
vines with large flowers in a wide range of color. A small notch 
should be filed in each seed of this and the moonflower to make 
the germination more rapid. 

IPOMOEA VERSICOLOR (Mina lobata).—Is another of the innumer- 
able varieties of Ipomoea. It has rich crimson flowers and grows 
15-20 feet high. 

THE SCARLET RUNNER BEAN.—With scarlet and white blossoms 
is a useful and beautiful vine. ‘The beans are very good for the 
table. 

‘TROPAEOLUM PEREGRINUM.—The canary bird vine, and Tropaeo- 
lum majus, the nasturtium, are both useful and well known. 

THE Gourps are interesting because of their fruit which is fan- 
tastic in shape and marking. ‘They are rather coarse in foliage and 
habit, but cover unsightly effects quickly and cheaply. 

All these vines are tender and should not be planted until all dan- 
ger of frost is past. Decoration Day is a good time for such work. 


Tomatoes 


It is doubtful if a tomato plant ever recovers from the shock of a 
cool night. “Though it may live, its vitality has been reduced and it 
can not bear so well. Early planting in unsuitable weather will not 
hasten the maturity of the crop, so be patient and wait for the 30th of 
May to set them out. 

The egg plant is closely related to the tomato and suffers in the 
same way and should be similarly managed. 

Training the tomato vines on trellises improves the size and quality 
of the fruit, but probably decreases the yield. “The best support for 
the vines is four 2x2-inch stakes 6 feet long driven in the ground 
16 inches apart, forming a square with the plant in the center. One 
stalk is trained and tied to each stake, and extra stalks and side 
branches are cut out. 


Corn 


Corn is another thing which can not be hastened by early plant- 
ing. It needs hot days and mild nights and a warm soil to make 
it grow fast, and in this latitude we seldom have settled summer 
weather until the middle of May, and the ground is not really warm 
until that time. 

There are many varieties of sweet corn, and the choice must de- 
pend somewhat on the locality, but the sweetest and best are the 
yellow varieties such as “Golden Dawn,” “Golden Bantam.” 
These mature quickly; in less than ninety days sometimes, and can be 
planted every two weeks for a succession. “They are small stalks 


and have small ears, but are productive and make less trouble in a 
small garden than the larger varieties. 

“Stowell’s Evergreen” might be planted twice for the late crop, 
but any other variety is superfluous. 

“Country Gentleman” is a good kind, but too much like pop-corn 
in the way it grows on the ear. An ear with regular double rows is 
casier to eat than the crowded kernels of “Country Gentleman.” 

Other good varieties are “Peep 0’ Day” and “‘Aristocrat,” both 
small, but productive and sweet. 


xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


w CORRESPONDENCE & 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 


pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by return postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘‘ Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic” 
LIGHT-WEIGHT FURNITURE 


HE reply in this department for April 
lke a question about furniture that is easily 

handled has drawn out the following 
letter from another reader whose needs are 
similar and who has sent a photograph of two 
pieces that have been helpful. 

H. G. writes: “Your response to an [lli- 
nois reader, who asks for furniture that is 
easily moved about, as she takes care of her 
home herself, appeals to me, as I have the same 
experience, and am also not strong enough to 
lift heavy chairs or seats. I would like to 
have your correspondent know about the Can- 
ton chairs, and inclose a photograph of one of 


Light-weight furniture 


the small ones with a willow stool which I use 
for a seat sometimes, and sometimes as a stand 
or table. Or, it comes into use for a basket when 
the children’s toys are gathered together for the 
night. I find the Canton chair the lightest in 
weight of any of the wicker makes, and 
adapted to bedrooms, sitting-rooms or for the 
piazza. It does not require a thick cushion in 
the seat, as a thin pad of cotton felt is all that 
is needed, and this can be made up at home. 
This is only one of the different varieties of 
these chairs, and it costs five dollars and a 
half. I hope this information will reach 
Mrs. C. N. J., who wrote to you on this 
subject.” 

Any further ideas from other home-makers 
who are interested in this problem of providing 
chairs that are not too cumbersome for easy 
lifting about will be passed on for general 
benefit in this department. 


IS GLAZED CHINTZ PRACTICAL? 


“Is glazed chintz a practical article for the 
home?” asks an Ohio reader, V. L. J. “It 


looks so clean and fresh that I would like to 
use it in some way, but I have only seen it in 
the sample and am afraid of making a mistake 
with it.” 

Glazed chintz is a very popular fabric in 
England, but is not used very much in this 
country. Although it hangs stiffly it is some- 
times put up at the windows, first being lined 
with sateen. It usually is surmounted by a 
lambrequin or pleated valance. In Southern 
homes it is sewed into window shades and 
made a decorative feature in a bedroom, 
keeping the walls and curtains quite plain. 
The white background makes it suitable for 
any room in which there is white woodwork 
and white furniture. Its most practical use 
is for upholstering shirtwaist boxes, fastening 
it down with nickelplated tacks. “The cost 
is about the same as the unglazed chintz or 
cretonne, varying from sixty-five cents 
a yard (thirty-one inches wide) to a 
dollar and seventy-five cents. The 
range of patterns and colors is small, 
roses and hollyhocks appearing more 
often than anything else. 


CURTAINS AND BEDSPREAD FOR A 
LITTLE GIRL’'S ROOM 


A Virginia reader, Mrs. F. D. S., 
inquires about something dainty and 
out of the ordinary for covering the 
bed in her daughter’s room, and also 
for window curtains to match. “Is 
there anything thinner than cretonne 
for this purpose? I only wish to put 
up one pair of curtains, and cretonne 
is too thick to use in this way.” 

For this room there is a new com- 
bination this spring of a printed mus- 
lin in thin goods, with a cretonne in 
the same pattern. The first may be used 
at the windows of this little girl’s 
room, and the cretonne may be made 
up as a spread. If the bed is of metal, brass 
or white-painted iron, a valance also may be 
hung around the lower part of the bed. 

With the two-toned pink paper on the walls, 
finished with a narrow rose border under the 
picture rail, the muslin with roses scattered 
along a green rope of leaves would be pretty. 


FOR THE BACKS OF CHAIRS 


A country reader, J. T., writes: “I have 
seen nothing in your department about a small 
problem of my own, so now I venture to bring 
it to your attention. Is there anything that 
can take the place of the objectionable ‘tidy’ 
for protecting the back of an upholstered 
chair? I have been using a white linen towel 
with handsome drawnwork at the narrow 
ends, but its whiteness attracts too much notice 
in the subdued tones of my living-room. There 
seems to me a specific need for something that 
is both practical and artistic for this place. 
What can you suggest?” 

(Continued on page xv1) 


Garden Work About the Home 


By Charles Downing Lay 


We HEAR much of Japanese gardens 


now a days. ‘They are being ordered 

by millionaires for their country places, 
and are being built by daring amateurs, so 
it is not surprising to have E. P. R. ask how 
they are made. It would be more reasonable 
of him to ask “What is a Japanese garden ?” 

It is a symbolic expression of Japanese feel- 
ing done with consummate skill, and might 
better be called a picture of a landscape done in 
living plants, than a garden. 

To our minds a garden is a place set aside 
for growing flowers or fruits, but in the so- 
called Japanese gardens the plants are a small 
part of a more or less naturalesque scene. 

No matter what the size, the mountains, 
lakes and rivers are always there and always 
in the same conventional arrangement, which 
to our eyes looks picturesque and curious, but 
from which we get none of the intellectual 
and imaginative pleasures which it gives the 
Japanese. 

Every feature of the scene has a name and 
suggests some poetic thought; the same though 
to each observer, so well understood are the 
conventions and so well ordered is the garden. 

They are usually small, because mountains 
can not be imitated on a large scale, and they 
should be seen without people in them because 
people destroy the effect, and they should be 
completely isolated, because they look childish 
and petty in contrast with buildings or natural 
scenery. 

The Japanese gardener frequently resorts to 
imitative conventions which are satisfactory if 
one accepts them, but they may appear silly de- 
ceits. 

Thus lakes and rivers are represented by 
smoothly spread sand. Perhaps there is no in- 
tent to deceive. It may be a common agree- 
ment that sand raked smooth, having that one 
quality of still water, will-count as water. 
Such agreements are easy for children, and 
why should grown people not play that the 
sandy stream is water and refuse to step in it 
for fear of a wetting, but use the bridges and 
stepping-stones to get across? 

Artistically the Japanese are right, the domi- 
nant characteristic of water is its smoothness; 
its transparency, its color, its reflecting quali- 
ties, are nothing compared to the great con- 
trast of its surface with the surrounding land- 
scape. But I doubt if our imaginations are 
sufficiently developed to accept smooth, dry 
sand in place of water. 

In a similar way the Japanese represent 
brooks by beds of dry stones, and water-falls 
by rocky precipices. We recognize the logic 
of this and call such streams of cobbles dry 
brooks. 

The rough stones which are used in Japa- 
nese gardens are prized for their irregular 
shapes, and are particularly valued if their 
form suggests something different. A stone 

(Continued on page xviiz) 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XV 


oT 
ANGI 


RA Ss 
EONS 


DS ICs uaa 
Do SIRES: 


e 


Q 


¢ 


| Hy 
=== 


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Made Solely by CHICKERING & SONS 


791 Tremont Street, Cor. Northampton Established 1823 Boston, Mass. 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


tL 


Wherever you see this sign, it stands for 
civilization. [tis the sign of one of the 
most powerful influences for broadening 
human intelligence. 


‘The universal service of the Bell companies 
has provided it—has spread an even, highly 
developed civilization through the land. It 
has carried the newest impulses of develop- 
ment from town to town and from community 
to community. 


Bell telephone service has brought the en- 
tire country up to the same instant of progress. 


It has unified the Natton. 


As soon as a new town springs up in the 
woods, on the plains, at the cross-roads, or 
walled in by mountains, the signpost of 
civilization is erected—the sign of the Bell. 
Telephone service puts the people of that town 
into communication with one another and 


Civilization| 


= 


with the outside world. ‘ 


It puts the town on the map. 


You can see this march of progress right 
in your own neighborhood. Every little 
while some neighbor has a Bell telephone 
put in. If you have one, every new subscriber 
enlarges the scope of your personal contact. 
If you have not, every new telephone makes 
you the more isolated—the more cut off from 
the activities about you. 


Just as individuals in your locality use the 
telephone for mutual convenience, so towns 
and cities in different localities are served and 
advanced by the long distance telephone. 


Each contributes to, and benefits by, the 
broad universal service of the Bell. 


The busy man who wants to accomplish more than he is 
now doing can well afford to make use of the Bell Long 
Distance service. It is the most efficient office assistant im- 
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The American Telephone and Telegraph Company 
And Associated Companies 


One Policy, 


One System, 


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It does not matter which floor you are 
going to cover, whether bedroom, dining- 
room, library, parlor, or hall, 


CREX is the floor 
covering you need 
You need CREX for the following reasons: 


It is absolutely sanitary. 
It is suitable for any surroundings. 


It maintains cleanliness and promotes health. ; 
It is the most economical because it is pratically 


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It greatly reduces the labor of the housekeeper. 
As a floor covering for summer cottages 


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CAUTION: Avoid imitations. The genuine bearsthe GRES label 
Sold by all Up-to-Date Carpet and Department Stores. 


Send for Booklet H. Beautifully Illustrated. 


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Problems in Home Furnishing 
(Continued from page xiv) 


This writer is correct in saying that the 
white linen, even in its fine decoration, is 
obtrusively apparent in a living-room of this 
kind. The best thing to use is a strip of Bul- 
garian or Turkish embroidery, selecting one 
with colors that harmonize with the chair 
covering. Some of these strips are very beauti- 
ful, and if not found in the right shape they 


‘may be adapted to the place on which they are 


to rest by careful needlework. 

Some of the hand-woven linen strips in 
grays and browns may also be used for chair 
backs, and when these are made to order both 
design and colors may be planned for the 
place where the strip is to be laid. It is no 
waste of money to provide chair backs that are 
suitable for their surroundings, as it saves 
the expense of reupholstering the entire chair. 


WALL COVERING FOR A LIVING-ROOM 


“T should be very much pleased to have 
some plan for the walls of our new living- 
room. We expected to use a soft green paper, 
as we liked this in our old house, but the 
woodwork is so different that the green looks 
very cold and somber here. The grayish- 
brown, which the chestnut trim, bookcases and 
fireside seats are finished in, has puzzled us 
not a little, as we try to imagine what color 
would combine with it on the walls. We have 
a mahogany piano, a sofa and chairs with ma- 
hogany frames, and a number of water colors 
with gold frames. The rugs are in Bokhara de- 
sign, in deep red tones with some dark, deep 
blue showing.” —Lonec Istanp READER. 

The stain that is used for the trim of this 
living-room is probably one of the new 
weathered grays which repeats the beautiful 
tones one sees on the trunks of the trees. A 
well-printed tapestry paper of greens and 
blues (one of the French patterns) looks ex- 
tremely well with this woodwork, if the cot- 
ton tapestry itself is too expensive to adopt. 
Another suggestion to make the room lighter 
is to use a Japanese grass cloth at $2.50 a 
single roll, choosing a neutral, silvery tone. 
Still another idea is for a burlap that is 
brushed with gold, selecting an old blue that 
tones in with the blues in the rug. If a plain 
wall paper is desired (and this will show the 
water color paintings to the best advantage) 
an English silk fiber at eighty cents a single 
roll is a durable choice, as the color does not 
fade. Still cheaper are the domestic ingrains 
in warm gray tones and texture effects in light 
browns, any of which would be safe with the 
conditions named by this correspondent. 


WHAT TO PUT IN A HALL 


F. W. R., an Arkansas subscriber writes: 
“T am sending you, under separate cover, the 
plans in blue print of my new house. Please 
tell me specifically what furniture to buy for 
the different rooms of this house. The hall 
is the biggest problem, and you will get an 
idea of its spaces from the drawings. We 
simply do not krow what to put in this large 
central hall to make it attractive. Can not 
you help us with this problem in particular?” 

Suggestions for the different rooms having 
been sent by mail, the hall treatment is given 
in print for the benefit of other readers. The 
spaces of the floor show that a rue in stock 
size, nine by twelve feet, can be laid between 
the entrance door and the stairs. “The choice 
of this rug will make or mar the success of 
the hall, and for this reason should be given 
most careful selection. If an Oriental rug 
is out of the question, then a thick, domestic 
one in good colors and closely-set design may 
be the alternative. Whatever is the predomi- 
nating tone in this rug may be repeated in the 


June, 1909 AMERICAN GEFIOMES “AND GARDENS xvii 


“Corona” Enameled Iron Bath. H-6504. 


Wolff Investment Value 


HERE. are as many conditions and degrees of responsibility entering into 
the guaranteeing of plumbing fixtures as there are firms issuing guarantee 
labels. Architects have realized the importance of these features for a 

long time, but it is only of late years that the layman has been interested. 

The Guarantee Tubs cost only a trifle more than the cheap inferior article 
on the market. The cost of installation, that is, labor and material, required 
incidental to installing a bathtub, is the same for a cheap tub as it would be 
for a “Corona” fully guaranteed tub. 

With the knowledge that many tenants and investors often base their judg- 
ment of the construction of the building on the class of plumbing fixtures that 
have been used, wise architects advise the use of Wolff Plumbing Material 
exclusively, even in purely speculative operations. 


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TA 27 
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Other books: 


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xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1909 


Se PR NR ts miata 
_ Garden Hose That’s Built To Wear 
Qa garden hose wears out from the inside. The least water pressure 


\ tends to unwrap it. (You know how its made—wrapped with canvas— 
like a rag around a sore finger.) Kinks crack it and then come the leaks. 


ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


Wears twice as long as ordinary hose. \t willstanda higher water pressure than any other 
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In brief, this is Electric building—a series of woven jackets (in one piece) of high-test cotton fabric 
alternating with layers of fine graderubber. The whole vulcanized into a solid seamless piece. You 
can buy any length up to 500 feet. Although Electric is the finest hose ever made, it costs only a 
cent or two more than common. If you are in the market for hose, no matter how little, Electric is 


worth looking for. Electric trade mark is on the hose. First-class seedsmen and dealers sell it. If 
yours doesn’t keep it, write to 


ELECTRIC HOSE & RUBB 
WILMINGTON, BUDS ee ts 


Canoe in innumerable channels and waterways among green islands—fish, bathe— 
live on and in the water—and on shore play golf and tennis. 


Muskoka Lakes, Canada 


Less than a day’s journey from the principal American cities, via Niagara Falls, Detroit, (Chicago. Solid trains 
from Buffalo and Toronto. Modern hotels set in fragrant pines afford splendid service. Hay fever is unknown. 
Handsomely illustrated descriptive matter free on application to 
G. W. VAUX, 917 Merchants Loan & Trust Bldg., Chicago E. H. BOYNTON, 360 Washington St., Boston 
F. P. DWYER, 290 Broadway, New York W. ROBINSON, 506 Park Bldg., Pittsburg 


W. E. DAVIS, Passenger Traffic Manager G. T. BELL, General Passenger and Ticket Agent 
MONTREAL MONTREAL 


AN UNIQUE GROUP OF GREENHOUSES 


The garden is laid out in terraces, and the houses are stepped up to conform. 

The palm house gives an ornamental accent at one end and the gardener’s cottage at the 
other, making a well-balanced and altogether pleasing layout. And this is the sort of thing 
we can do with our Flat Iron Rafter greenhouse construction. 

Always glaa to send you illustrated matter, or will come and talk greenhouses with you. 


Hitchings & Company 
1170 Broadway New York 


portieres at either side to break up the stiff 
lines of the openings. 

The wall space above the mahogany wain- 
scot may be covered with a Japanese leather 
paper in mahogany and gold in the burlap 
effect. Some kind of settle or divan may be 
placed against the wall, and a drop-leaf table 
may stand near the door for holding a card- 
tray and mail. A mirror, handsomely framed, 
is always useful and decorative in a hall hung 
above a settle or table. For holding um- 
brellas there are bronze tiles made in Japan, 
or one may be found of mahogany with brass 
hoops. The lighting features are not men- 
tioned by this correspondent, but these are of 
great importance in making the hall distinctive. 


Garden Work About the Home 


(Continued from page xiv) 


which is shaped like a camel, or which is 
very like a whale, is an acquisition for any 
garden. 

These stones are named from their shapes 
and positions, like this: statue stone, guardian 
stone, etc. Frequently they are inscribed with 
some poetic thought in the beautiful Chinese 
characters. 

The trees in a Japanese garden are carefully 
trained, dwarfed and clipped, and have lost 
all semblance of what we should call their 
natural beauty. Every quaint shape has a 
name, and each bend and twist and grouping 
of branches conveys an artistic idea to the 
Japanese. 

The natural scenery of Japan is as pictur- 
esque and comprehensible as ours, but I shall 
regret the day when we begin to imitate our 
scenery on garden plots ten by twelve feet. 

In one Japanese garden the details are 
named in this way: Fujisan Viewing Hill, 
Azuna Arbor, Hut of the Salt Coast. Thus 
we might have a “Mt. Washington Over- 
look”; ‘Palisades, from Grant’s Tomb’; 
“Haystack on the Salt Marshes, New Eng- 
land”; or take the title of any picture of a 
landscape exhibited this winter and concoct a 
suitable imitation in the garden. 

Japanese stone lanterns have never seemed 
reasonable to me. “Their wide tops, like enor- 
mous Panama hats, may be excellent protection 
for the rice paper which they use instead of 
glass, but they are not beautiful. Nothing is 
more ridiculous than our way of using these 
lanterns for gateposts or to flank the steps of a 
colonial mansion. 

These lanterns must have great charm at 
night, however, when they are lighted, and 
their faint gleam seems like the candle in a cot- 
tage window on a distant hillside. The illu- 
sion is very perfect. 

There is much that we can learn from the 
Japanese. Their use of rough stones for step- 
ping-stones, posts and steps is admirable, and 
their rustic work and wooden structures are 
reasonable and beautiful. 

To transport their gardens or their houses 
here, except for exhibition in a museum, is an 
inconceivable violence to our instincts and tem- 
perament as well as to the things themselves. 

Let us rather build a garden in the Japanese 
manner, making it by hand and with the ma- 
terials which are easiest to get. The de- 
signer of such a garden must superintend the 
placing of every stone and bush, because the 
beauty of such work must depend upon the 
skill with which the various elements are com- 
bined in a perfect whole, and not upon the 
beauty of the materials which go into its 
making. 

It would be foolish here to build hills as 
they do in Japan. We should start with the 
ground almost as it is and embellish that rather 
than to try making something new and strange. 


June, 1909 


Lex, 


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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE, 363 BROADWAY, NEWYORK 


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SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for all 
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Traps — Venting 

Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 

House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 

Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 

Rain Leaders 

Sub-soil Drainage 

Floor Connections 

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Bath Room Connections {etc. 

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Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 

Durham System 

Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 

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Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
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Country Plumbing 

Cesspools 

The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 

Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 

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Examples of Poor Practice 

Roughing — Testin 

Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 

Circuit and Loop Venting 

Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 

Cellar Work 

House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 

Plumbing for Cottage House 

Plumbing for Residence 

Plumbing for Two-Flat House 

Plumbing for Apartment Houses 

Plumbing for Office Buildin 

Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 

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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


CONCRETE 


adapts itself 
to any style of 
architecture 


It is the only building material that 
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It is economical, durable, sanitary, 
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Learn about concrete before you 
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Then look into cement and partic- 
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You will find that this brand is the 
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We offer four books for your infor- 
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“Concrete Country Residences” 
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“Reinforced Concrete in Factory 
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“Concrete Construction about the 
Home and on the Farm” (sent free.) 


If your dealer cannot supply you with 
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THE ATLAS porttanno CEMENT CO. 


DEPT.10, 


30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 


LARGEST OUTPUT OF ANY CEMENT COMPANY IN 
THE WORLD—OVER 40,000 BARRELS A DAY 


XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1909 


The materials for a picturesque garden always 
exist if one can but see them. 

Our cedars, pitch pines, junipers, and, in 
fact, all the evergreens which are not too 
large are Japanesque in character and more 
suitable for this climate than anything brought 
from Japan. 

We have the same irises to plant about the 
water, and the same grasses, and we can grow 
some of the reeds. 

If the beauties of our own shrubs are not 
enough we can use almost all those of Japan, 
because our flora is similar, and most Japanese 
shrubs, except the evergreens, are hardy in 
New York. 

The Japanese habit of naming things might 
well be adopted, though in a less fanciful way. 
Names makes conversation easier and give a 
certain imaginative value to the things named, 
thus Spring Garden, Rose Garden, Garden 
of Sweet Herbs, Alpine Garden, are all per- 
fectly intelligible and mean much. 

Philebe’s Berg, Pandora Lawn, Carasaljo 
Lake, Myrtle Bank, Rhoda Dale, applied to 
different parts of the estate, are not so obvi- 
ous, but are perfectly good names, and are 
much easier than a descriptive title like this: 
“The hill on the north side of the upper 
pasture,’ or “The grass plot near the brook 
just before you come to the bars.” 


RT, 


74 


Sn ee A correspondent, in New Jersey, asks if 


asd | S| eae |) = oot water lilies can be grown in pots or tubs, and 
Rain ! Rain!! Rain!!! All EE GRE ey if the results warrant the trouble. 


/ y ; It is very easy to grow water lilies in tubs— 
IF you lack snap and want ginger, a whiskey barrel sawed in half is the best 


ive then old: establighad: te : thing. These can be painted and set on the 
Cu counte. Sis terrace or sunk in the ground. ‘They should 


Uh et 7 U a Z L y eth | be filled to within four inches of the top with 
we ‘ ae & good soil well mixed with old manure. The 
A to the grocerman lily root is then planted with a stone to hold 


co vi it down, and the whole is covered with an inch 


Pes aes 
; 3 SOME se ee of clean sharp sand. ‘This keeps the dirt in the 
No one ever heard of a ZU ZU that wasnt good earth from: floating togthestepaaiheni neem 


Us is filled with water. 
ve Ny : Ce) Never I 45 C ; The lotus is perhaps nicer for tubs than 


; the water lilies, because their leaves and 
PITS dea chal eile oat flowers rise so high from the water, and it is 


joer PUNUEED Practical Steam and eer ae A few tadpoles im the water will be essen- 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


tial to keep the mosquitoes from growing too 
By ALFRED G. KING 


fast. 
The following are good varieties: 
402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations 
Price $3.00 


Nymphea odorata minor. 
Nymphea pygmea. 

An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 

in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


WATER LILIES 


Ud 


Nymphea pygmea helvolva. a a 
Nymphea Marliacea chromatella. 
Nelumbium speciosum. 

A stone jar or an earthenware pot will do as 
well as a wooden tub, if it is as large. The 
larger the water surface the better the plants 
will grow, but they need little depth of water. 


HORTICULTURAL HOBBIES 


“T have just moved to the country for my 
health, and I want to have a garden, but I 
don’t know just how to go about it. Most 
of the gardens I have seen are too. elaborate 
and too full of a variety of plants. They 
look crowded and messy to me. 

“Some flowers I like, but there are many 
that I do not care for and should not enjoy 
seeing. Would it be nice to have a garden 
of one, or, at most, three kinds of flowers? I 
am fond of irises and chrysanthemums.’”’— 
ae 

Your idea is an excellent one and your 
garden of iris and chrysanthemum will be 
interesting and satisfactory throughout the 
year. If you include the many daisies, which 
are really chrysanthemums and bloom in the 
summer, your garden will have some flowers 
for a long season. 

The iris family is a large one of about 170 


"Toe standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 
together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. 

This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 
= text, diagrams and illustrations. 
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. II. Heat. 11I. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 
ee paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. 
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heatin¢ Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 
XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. 


Valuatls Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 

PoLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOTOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOTOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOS 

American Homes and Gardens $ 5 O O 
S mts = will be sent to ~ 

and Scientific American vaeaddreatee Regular Price, $6.00 

[EOL OLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOL OL OLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOY 


o 
oF 
7 
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& 
Hoe 
iS 
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e o 


es oy” 


June, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES: AND GARDENS xxi 


The bride’s wise choice 


‘From our new cottage home 

“T shall omit the useless in- 

“ner doors, mantels, extra 

“chimneys, fancy lamps that 

“are never lighted, books 

“which are never read, vases 
“which contain no flowers, etc. Let us 
“first purchase an outfit of 


ee 


“because -they save much coal, need no repairs, keep all ashes, smoke, 
“and soot out of the living-rooms, are safe, and will last as long as 
“the cottage shall stand. These savings and economies will help in 
“time to pay for the finer furnishings.” 


“The cottage will be kept cozily warm all over, and the family health thus 
“protected. If we prosper and move to a larger house, we will get our full 
“money back, or 10% to 15% higher rental to cover cost, as IDEAL Boilers 
“and AMERICAN Radiators do not rust out or wear out.” 


Those who know that happiness depends so much upon the comfort and 
healthfulness of the 
home, whether newly- 
weds or longweds, are 
urged to write us at once. 


Our outfits are as quickly put 
into OLD buildings as in 


E ; — ity—and this 
A No. 322 IDEAL Boiler and 600 A.No. 22 IDEAL Boiler and ago ft. = EW farm or city 
ft. of 33-in. AMERICAN Radiators, of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, is just the season to get the 
costing the owner $245, were used costing the owner $110, were used 3 
to Hot-Water heat this cottage. to Hot-Water heat this cottage. services of the most skillful 


At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. Fitters. Prices are now most foo 
This did not include cost oflabor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- ] IDEAL Water 
tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. favorab é. Boiler 


in Somos. AMERICANRADIATOR COMP. WGtIGAGO. 
GB? 1 ee Oss 8 se les oe eo os wo we ins os eo 


ans oars pra 
nent Ze 


Don’t injure Your Hair with Old-Fashioned Irons 


The “DEL” Electric Curling Iron | 


The only detachable curling iron ever invent- { The ‘Del’ is qui é i i 
etacha L quickly heated from the in. 
ed. The “Del” h side—evenly heated from end to end at just ff 
the proper degree for hair dressing. The |} 
heat is retained to allow the iron to be de- |. 
tached and used in another room if desired. 
It never heats in spots and cannot be over- 
hented to scorch or injure the hair like the |) 
ordinary iron. You will be surprised and |] 
delighted to find how quickly, easily and fj 
pentectly, you can dress your hair in the {| 
atest fashion with the ‘‘Del.’’ : 
Try the “Del” 5 Days at Our Expense |) 
: 1 Then, if you are willing to part with it, send [| 
A You can f OY it back—we’ll pay express both ways—and 
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i gnee Ban not supply you. 
an old-fashioned curling iron. i DEL SALES COMPANY, Dept. N, Monadnock Bldg. Supply you 


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F EVERY DESCRIPTION. 


a [Ses SessessS i = 
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———— == ——— 


Dixon’s ca.. Paint Last 


And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. What 
have inert pigments to do with it? Our Booklet 106B will tell you. 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 


be oT LGN 
Front 
ATLAS. 


, CEMENT 
SY 


Keeping Up 
the Place 


| Every owner of ahome or farmhasthe 
expense of “upkeep” to contend with. 

There are sidewalks, curbs, steps, 
clothes posts, horse-blocks, watering 
troughs, chicken coops, and the like to 

| be built, repaired and built again later. 
L Why not make these improvements 
| of concrete and settle this annual ex- 
| pense for all time ? 

Concrete is the great, moder build- 
ing material, easy to handle, econom- 
ical and durable as stone. 

We have published a text-book 
devoted exclusively to this sort of work. 
It tells just how to make these improve- 
ments—how to mix the concrete and 
how to make the molds. 

You can do much of the work your- 
self; all of it can be done under your 
supervision. The book is called 


-|“Concrete Construction 
about the Home and 
on the Farm” 


and will be sent to any one on request. 

Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel 
or broken stone and some kind of Port- 
land Cement. The kind is important— 
so important that you should knowabout 


TLAS 


PORTLAND. 


CEMENT 


which, because of its purity and uniform 
quality, has become the standard in ce- 
ments. Atlas is made in but one grade 
—the best—and everybody gets the 
same. Atlas is the brand the Govern- 
ment has purchased to the extent of 
4,500,000 barrels for use in building 
the Panama Canal. 

You should get Atlas for your own 
use and specify it for all work you 
have done. 

Other books: 


“Concrete Country Residences” 
(delivery charges 25c.) 


“Concrete Cottages” (sent free.) 


“Reinforced Concrete in Factory 
Construction” (delivery charges 10c.) 


If your dealer cannot supply you with 
Atlas, wnite to 


THE ATLAS porttanpo CEMENT CO. 
DEPT.10,30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 


LARGEST OUTPUT OF ANY CEMENT COMPANY IN 
THE WORLD—OVER 40,000 BARRELS A DAY 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Yat Gan Save Your ‘ioc 
You Cannot Replace Them 


Are they not then entitled to as much care as you devote to your house 
and other buildings, which you cam replace? Trees are living things, about 
which cluster tender thoughts and mellow memories, and, indeed, deserve 
the same grateful attention you bestow on other faithful friends which serve 
you none the less because dumb—your dogs, your horses and your other pets. 


Trees Get Sick and 
Are Wounded 


Just as do men and ani- 
mals—but they can’t tell 
you, who love them, of their 
afflictions. If neglected, 


The Efficiency of 
Davey Methods 


is graphically demonstra- 
ted by the pictures here- 
with. No.1 is of a tree 
as our men found it, and 


June, 1909 


species found throughout the Northern tem- 
perate zone. Most of them are hardy in this 
climate, and they grow in many situations 
from the sun-baked soil on top of a rock 
to swamps where the water stands half the 
year. 

The majority thrive in ordinary garden soil. 
A few require special soils as conditions, and 
others grow and bloom much better if their 
peculiarities are respected. They vary in height 
from a few inches to four or five feet, and 
the range of color is very wide. The form is 


they will decay and die; if properly treated and No. 2 as they left it. No.3 a tree three years always beautiful, even if it has sometimes a lit- 


operated upon, they will outlive you, your chil- 
dren and your children’s children. John Davey, by 
many years the first, and by 
long odds the foremost tree 
surgeon, long ago proved 
the efficiency of proper 
methods in saving tree life. 


JOHN DAVEY 


Father of Tree Surgery 


tical Forestry. 


Have Your Trees Examined Now— 


By a competent tree surgeon. They may look all right but be dying within. 
Our corps of trained tree surgeons is at your service and can save your trees 


if they are not too far gone. 


after our treatment, and No. 4 the same tree two 
years later. Such results are common in our prac- 
tice, but shown only by 
Davey men, trained in 
John Davey’s methods, at 
the Davey School of Prac- 


Send today for our handsome illustrated Book- 


let O, explaining the Davey methods and telling you of many pleased pat- 


rons, who enthusiastically praise our work. 


For large forests and private preserves, we have associated with us the 


leading professional forester of America. 


Correspondence invited. 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. 


(Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry) 


Main Office : KENT, OHIO 
“The Home of Tree Surgery”’ 


Address nearest office 


Eastern Office: TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 


BUNGALOWS-— 0ur Big Book 
of Bungalows shows 208 designs to 
be built inanyclimate. It illustrates 
. complete floor plans and gives the 

estimated cost of construction of 
=... Radford’s latest and best designs 

for Bungalows. The Bungalow you 


é 
es want is in this book. Cloth Bound. 
\. Price, postpaid, $1.00. 


COTTAGES—Thisbig new 
book of Radford’s Artistic 
Homes, shows 250 modern 
designs for cottages with com- 
plete floor plans and estimated 
cost of construction. If you 
want to build a cottage send 
for this book, Price, post- 
paid, $1.00. 


CEMENT HOUSES and 
How to Build Them—This 
valuable book contains 176 pages. 
8x11, bound in cloth. It shows 
87 fine designs with complete floor 
plans and estimated cost of con- 
struction of Cement, Cement Plas- 
ter and Concrete Block Houses 
Price, Postpaid, $1.00. 


tle of the strangeness of an orchid. 

The season of bloom lasts from the time the 
first I. histrio blooms (which is in February 
or March, according to the season) until the 
last Japanese iris has faded in July. 

The following list of fifteen kinds will do 
to begin on: 

1. I. Cristataa—A charming dwarf iris 
with early flowers, delicate blue. Thrives in 
the driest parts of the rock garden. 

2. I. Histrio.—The earliest iris. Bulbous- 
rooted, dwarf, sweetly scented, purple. 

3. I. Kaempferi.—Japanese iris. There are 
many varieties, double, single white, blue and 
purple. Needs much water in the growing 
season if the flowers are to be at their best. 

4. I. Pumila——Grows from 4-10 inches 
high. Many varieties, all good. 

5. I. Reticulata.—Violet and gold flowers; 
almost as early as I. histrio. Prefers a situa- 
tion dry in winter. 

6. I. Sibericaa—Slender leaves 2-3 inches 
high, small showy blue or white flowers. In 
bloom only a few days, but magnificent while 


185 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, If, . RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL CO., 178 Fulton St., New York. 


it lasts. 

7. I. Susiana.—Mourning iris, 114-2 inches 
high, large flowers, spotted and striped with 
dark purple on an ashy ground. Handsomer 
than one would imagine from the description. 

8. I. Xiphioides.—English iris, later and 
larger than the Spanish iris; purple, blue and 
white; sometimes spotted and blotched. They 
are very cheap and the small bulbs are easy 
to plant. 

g. I. Xiphium.—Spanish iris. Blue and yel- 
low, with shades of lavender and buff, also 
cheap and easy. The onion-like leaves of this 
and I. xiphioides grow in the fall and are 
green all winter. 

10. I. Germanica.—The German iris, so- 
called, has many beautiful varieties: rhu 
chereau, white edged with blue, Queen of 
May, violet and heliotrope graccus. 

11. I. Graminea.—Pale yellow and blue, 
scented like a peach. 

12. I. Pseuda Coru.p—The common flag. 

13. I. Fulvax—Copper colored, late. 

14. I. Florentina.—Pale blue, large. 
nishes the orris root of commerce. 

15. I. Vesicolor—Deep blue, native in all 
our swamps, but does well in the garden. 

The iris are best when planted in large 
masses and so planted they make a gorgeous 
show for a long time in the spring and early 
summer. ‘The lower plants like I. histrio, I. 
reticulata, I. pumila, etc., should, of course, 
be planted in the front of the bed, and the 
larger kinds, like I. kaempferi, at the back. 
The bulbous English and Spanish iris should 
be planted with some low carpet plant like 
arabis or phlox rubulata. 

They may be planted at any time, but the 
fall is probably best. “They are easy to grow 
and easy to handle in the garden. The only 
trouble is that some kinds grow too well and 
may need thinning after a few years. Their 
foliage is never too shabby and looks its best 
when it is seen alone and not in contrast with 
broad-leaved plants. 

The chrysanthemum portion of the garden 
will be treated in a later number. 


ae 


It Don’t Pay to Feed Hens That Don’t Lay 


We have for sale 100 pure bred yearling White 
Leghorn hens—all laying to-day—$2.00 each. Also 
5 cockerels $5.00 each, or we will divide the lot to 
suit—Settings of 15 eggs, $2.00. 


BELLE HILL WHITE LEGHORN RANGE, Elkton, Md. 


FOR SALE STAMFORD, CONN. —— 
Gentleman’s Country Estate; 245 

acres; improved property; fine stone residence with three bath- 
rooms; steam heat; 25 other buildings, including magnificent 
cow stable accommodating 100 head; splendid horse stable; 
carriage house and gar- 

age; city water; electric 


light; modern plumb- 
ing; Rippowam river 
flowsthrough property. 


SEND FOR 26-PAGE ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET 


HOPKINS & BOYD 
312 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK 


Fur- 


The Scientific American Boy 


12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 
q is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- 


ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, 
will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance 
complete practical instructions are given for building the various 
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- 
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents ; also 
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. 
q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of 
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, 
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance 
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- 
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, 
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- 
tilever bridge, are described. 


FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES 


June, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Unburnable Homes 


We Build Them and 
We Build Nothing Else 


Reinforced Concrete throughout, or exterior 
walls of brick or stone, and interior decoration 
and finish as desired. But the 


Reinforced Concrete 
Interior Structure 


is the sine qua non 


Real Reinforced Concrete (Portland cement, 
sand and stone, reinforced with steel rods) is 
economical, unburnable, rust and decay proof— 
but requires for successful use good materials, 
good structural design, good workmanship and 
experience. Send for pamphlet descriptive of 
work we have built, and let us consult with 
your architect. 


BENJAMIN A. HOWES, c.«. 


Engineer and Contractor 


1193 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


Thread and Thrum’ RUGS 


Different from all other rugs, made 
in colorings to match your decora- 
tions. Special styles to go with 
Mission or Fumed Oak Furniture. 
Wool weft, seamless, heavy, revers- 
ible and durable. All sizes up to 
12 feet wide and any length. Sold 
by best shops in principal cities. 
If your dealer does not keep them, 
write Arnold, Constable & Co., New 
York, for Color Line and Price List. 


THREAD AND THRUM WORKSHOP, 
Auburn, N.Y 


Art Stone Lawn Furniture 


Will last for centuries, do not have to be taken in and 
stored during winter months. Do not have to be 
painted. Don’t fail to write for photographs and 
prices of our Cast Stone and Cast Iron Lawn Furni. 
ture. Thelow prices will interest you. 


SIDNEY CEMENT STONE CO., Sidney, O. 


4 Gattle Manure 
in Bags Puiverized 
Best and safest manure for florists and 


greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, 
no danger. Write for circular and prices. 


The Pulverized Manure Co. 
21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


eat and Hot 
Water Anywhere Anytime 


at a saving of time, labor and fvel, 
with a Wi Self-Feeding Heater, only 
heater with a coal magazine that regulates 
itself, keeping an even fire for 10 hours. 


Wilks Self-Feeding Heaters | 


for farm buildings, green-houses, brooders, 
| eae houses, bowling alleys, etc., have 
en on the market successfully for over 50 
years. Made of best steel, no sections ta 
crack, no bolts to loosen,no leaks to fear, 
Tested to 100 pounds pressure. , 
Write for FREE BOOK showing sizes, | 
prices,etc. We willtell youthe best heater for|j 
your purpose if you give full particulars; 
Satisfaction guaran’ 
S.WILKS MFG. CO 3524 Shields A’ 
CHICAGO, 


The Problem Solved 
No elevated tank to freeze or 
leak. Tank located in cellar. 
Any pressure up to 60 Ibs. 
The Ideal Fire Protection 
Send for Illustrated Catalog 48 
Lat our Engineers figure out your needs 

LUNT MOSS COMPANY 
Boston, Mass. Branch: 50 Church St., New York 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 


(Continued from bage vit) 


about two quarts to four quarts per bush. 
White Imperial is the sweetest of all currants, 
and is a good grower. White grape is, all in all, 
one of the finest varieties ever produced. ‘The 
berry is sweet, large, and the crop averages 
four to five quarts per bush. ‘This exceeds 
all other varieties in quantity and quality, ex- 
cept my own Giant Red, which stands six feet 
high and strong, and yields five to six quarts 
per bush. These two last named varieties are 
about all that one can ask for. ‘The size of 
each is a trifle under Fay, because the croppage 
is so very large. Spray with kerosene emul- 
sion and Bordeaux very soon after leaves start, 
early in May. 

The gooseberry is growing in favor, and if 
you are of English stock you probably have a 
taste for it. We have long had two sorts in 
cur gardens, one of which we called English 
and the other Irish; and with them we have 
had three or four natives like Downing and 
Houghton. Recently an English sort has been 
added called Industry. It is big and hairy, 
and of not very high quality. The very best 
American sort is Josselyn, hardy and prolific 
and big, but Carman and Portage are said to 
be ahead. I have not tried them. I have sev- 
eral seedlings that I value very highly, and 
shall some day place on the market. Among 
these is one that ripens a week earlier than 
all other sorts, a deep dark red, large and 
sweet. I have named it the Clinton. Goose- 
berries need a good rich soil, and considerable 
pruning. In some sections they mildew badly, 
but growing mine on high land, in rows run- 
ning north and south, I have never seen a 
mildewed berry. Spray the gooseberry bushes 
when you spray the currants or a little earlier, 
to destroy the saw fly larva. 

I have given you the experience of over 
half a century of small fruit growing. I have 
tested nearly everything that has been sent out, 
but I do not have the slightest idea that some- 
thing better is not coming. We are just at the 
threshold of evolution. If you should ever 
develop your garden work for market pur- 
poses, you will find that small fruit growing is 
immensely profitable. Combining large fruits 
and small fruits I am able from a little over 
four acres to take an income of nearly two 
thousand dollars per year. In such a place 
the barn should stand very near the center, 
and the barn cellars should include a thor- 
oughly good and well ventilated fruit cellar. 
My property has become a bird paradise, and 
we have here robins, bluebirds, indigo birds, 
tanagers, song sparrows, grosbeaks, catbirds, 
kingbirds, and almost everything but English 
sparrows. [hese we drive out at their first 
showing, and the birds combine to help us. 
We also kill every red squirrel, because they 
destroy young birds, and immense quantities 
of fruit. When crows appear they are chased 
by the kingbirds. We and the birds own the 
place together, and shut up all cats during the 
bird season. I mention this because you will 
find your success in fruit growing depends 
upon making a proper alliance with the birds. 
Bees also you must keep, if not more than a 
dozen hives. From that number of hives you 
can take up five hundred pounds of honey per 
year; meanwhile the bees will pollenize those 
fruits which need their help. Your hens 
must be kept within bounds with netting, but 
they must have good range. 

Hens eat very few currants, but they will 
make way with strawberries very rapidly, and, 
what seems very queer, is that they will eat 
gooseberries almost as soon as they are out of 
blossom. “They are ravenously fond of them, 
and if admitted to the garden will entirely 
strip the bushes. But hens are so valuable as 


ORTLAND 
CaO 
= PORTLAND “2 


ATLAS 


All Portland Cement 


is not 


ATLAS 


What do you care? Just this: 

Concrete is made with Port- 
land Cement. Concrete is a fire- 
resisting, durable, adaptable, eco- 
nomical building material. It is a 
material that all who know and 
understand it are using for all 
building purposes. It is the ma- 
terial you will come to use, and 


its success as a building 
material depends upon 
the quality of cement 
that goes into it. 


That is why you should know 
that all Portland Cements are not 
Atlas and why you should also 
know that among Portland Ce- 
ments Atlas is the standard, 
because it is made by a process 
that insures purity and absolutely 
uniform quality. 


ATLAS 


PORTLAND. 


CEMENT 


is made in but one grade—the 
best—and the same for every- 
body. It costs no more than other 
cements, yet it is the brand by 
which the others are measured, 
the brand the Government 
has purchased to the extent of 
4,500,000 barrels for use in 
building the Panama Canal. 


You should study this subject of 
concrete and cement. We have some 
books that will interest you. They are: 

“Concrete Country Residences” 
(delivery charges 25 cents). 

“Reinforced Concrete in Factory 
Construction” (delivery charges |0 cents). 

“Concrete Cottages” (sent free). 

“Concrete Construction about the 
Home and on the Farm”? (sent free). 


If your dealer cannot supply you with 
Atlas, write to 


THE ATLAS porttanp CEMENT CO. 
DEPT.10,30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 


LARGEST OUTPUT OF ANY CEMENT COMPANY IN 
THE WORLD—OVER 40,000 BARRELS A DAY 


XXIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


bug eaters that we can not dispense with them 
altogether. I admit them to the general gar- 
den as soon as the gooseberries and strawber- 
ries are picked. / Before that they have a large 
run that includes the plum yard and a por- 
tion of the lawns that need to be watched 
against slugs, crickets and grasshoppers. 
Birds, however, are more valuable to a fruit 
grower than even hens. “They must be fed, 
and their/music alone deserves a salary in 
cherries and berries. With the provisions I 
have described elsewhere in the way of wild 
fruits, I leave uncovered some of my cherry 
trees, and expect them to take their share of 
the berries and currants. It is, however, quite 
a problem for a very small place, if there are 
no neighbors who also grow fruit. Our 
policy is to secure the planting of bird-loved 
fruits as abundantly as possible. It is a good 
thing to plant them in the streets, and it is 
also a good thing to secure the planting of as 
many basswoods as possible in the streets and 
elsewhere to feed the bees. 


RICH WARM TONES 


RESULT FROM THE USE OF WOOD DYES 
FOR FINISHING TRIM AND FURNITURE 


HO nowadays trusts to the shiny ob- 

trusiveness of varnish for the note of 

beauty in wood trim and furniture in 
the home—or anywhere, for the matter of 
that? 

Wherever you see the natural beauty of the 
wood marred by the use of unnatural—I had 
almost said impossible—attempts at finishing 
with varnish stains, be sure the hand of the 
amateur, or worse, the hand of the perverter 
of Nature, has been at work. 

The true lover of the beautiful recognizes 
the responsive quality of beautiful wood. It 
has so much beauty to give, and under the 
treatment of one who knows, it readily yields 
its best and its all. 

How many times have you rebelled at the 
sight of a perfectly grained piece of wood 
entirely robbed of its beauty by some fruitless 
attempt at decoration? Smears of varnish 
and splotches of stain—like clothing a beauti- 
ful form in ill-fitting garments and inharmo- 
nious colors. 

On the other hand, one who sees the pos- 
sibilities of the wood, and sets himself intelli- 
gently to the task of developing it, is rewarded 
with results that are nothing short of marvel- 
ous in their artistic value. 

Who wants slippery looking pieces about the 
house to repel all friendly advances lest they 
get scratched and spoil their glossy surfaces? 
Not the real home-maker whose heart is bent 
upon the enjoyment of his home and upon 
extending its hospitality. 

He strives rather to obtain rich, subdued 
warmth of coloring which softens the lights 
into a dreamy glow—which invites to an inti- 
mate friendliness—which gives promise of mel- 
low tones under the wear of every-day con- 
tact—and which conveys the impression of 
beautiful usefulness. 

But like everything else worth while, this 
effect is not a thing to be picked up haphazard 
in the shops—nor to be had through the effects 
of the first painter who appears with his sam- 
ple color card. 

Only those who have attempted and failed 
again and again in accomplishing satisfactory 
results with wood finishes know the difficul- 
tiles encountered. 

And only those who have used wood dyes 
of the right sort and proved their effective- 
ness know how simple it is after all—when 
you know how. 

Wood, in its natural state, has a beauty of 
its own which puts to shame the little attempts 
of artificial means. Wood dyes find their mis- 


4) 4 CRAFTSMAN HOU 
Ot ba Ee yi) o | 


PCHIMNEY-POT CURIOUSLY 


SUGGESTS THE peace | 


°F ITO UNIQUE TN TERIOR 


BUILDERS’CRAFTSMEN 


COMPANY 


SBWEST 328P STREET NEW YORK | 


INVESTIGATE OUR 
BUILDING METHOD 


Don’t Be Knocked Over 


By Stenches ee aches Debris 


Why not fook 
up the Stephen- 
son Method, 7 
years on the 
market, and if 
satisfied,  pro- 
tect the health 
of your family 
by installing 


The Stephenson 
Underground Garbage Receiver 


which removes all objections of the old swifl-tub. 
The Stephenson UNDERGROUND REFUSE RECEIVER 
for Ashes, etc. 


The Stephenson UNDERGROUND EARTH CLOSET for 
Camps. 


The Stephenson PORTABLE METAL HOUSE for Above. 
The Stephenson SPIRAL RIBBED ASH BARREL — 


Outwears two. 


SOLD DIRECT 


C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 


21 Farrar Street LYNN, MASS. 


Send for Circulars on each 


Established 1875 


“Rustic Work” 


This beautiful Rustic Settee, delivered to 
your station $10, will last a lifetime. 


WHICH GIVES THAT 
ARTISTIC FINISH TO 
COUNTRY ESTATES 


Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, 
Pergolas, Back Stops for TennisCourts, Rustic Bridges 
for Ravines, Entrance Gates, in fact Rustic Work of 


every description. 
et, Give the Birds 
A Home 
Rustic Bird Houses 


One Room, $2.00 
Two Rooms, $3.00 


sketches or have our repre- 
sentative call upon you. 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton St., New York | 


H. I. PINCKNEY, Manager 


Send for catalogue and 


sion in supplementing and preserving this 
natural beauty. In developing it to a degree 
absolutely beyond the reach of the common 
application in use by the unknowing. 

Study the character of your wood, as you 
Would study the artistic framing of a picture. 
Select your wood dye in some one of the soft 
tones which harmonize with your general color 
scheme for the room to be furnished. Use it 
according to the instructions which accompany 
the package, and you can not fail to be heartily 
satisfied with the result. 

Polish? O, yes, indeed, it can be polished. 
True, it won’t shine like the golden oak din- 
ing-table in the instalment-house window, but 
it will have a velvet sheen which suggests the 
rich, soft glow of a mellow old age rather than 
anything artificial. 


NEW BOOKS 


BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SUPERIN- 


TENDENCE. By F. E. Kidder, C. E., 
Ph.D., Architect, Fellow of the Ameri- 
can Institute of Architects; author of 
“Architects’ and Builders’ Pocketbook.” 
Revised and enlarged by Thos. Nolan, 
M.S., A.M., Fellow of the American 
Institute of Architects, Assistant Profes- 
sor of Architecture, University of Penn- 
sylvania. Part 1, ninth edition, revised, 
Mason’s Work. 628 illustrations. Pp. 
985. One 8vo volume. Cloth. Price, $6. 
New York: William T. Comstock. 


The first edition of this work was brought 
out in 1896, and had 421 pages and 260 illus- 
trations, and since then, as the different edi- 
tions have been issued, slight revisions have 
been made and occasional pages interpolated, 
but meanwhile the art of masonry has ad- 
vanced so that it was necessary to reconstruct 
the whole work. 

The work when first issued was the most 
complete representation of masonry that had 
up to then appeared, and the present edition in 
like manner represents the latest and_ best 
modern practice, and all the new ideas and 
their application as developed up to this time. 

The work bears evidence of the time, labor, 
thought and persistent effort that has been 
put forth to collate, arrange and properly 
classify all the data that belongs to the latest 
and modern accepted practices. 

The chapter on “Concrete and Reinforced 
Concrete Construction” is entirely new, and 
contains much more detailed information than 
many books on the subject. The chapter on 
“Fireproofing” is substantially new, and has 
over 200 illustrations. Even in the old 
stand-by brick great changes have taken place, 
sand-lime brick being a new building material 
since Mr. Kidder’s day. The chapter on 
“Specifications” shows many and important 
changes, such as those on cement and concrete 
construction, where new specifications are 
given. 


who undertook the work for Mr. Kidder, has 
devoted his entire time, outside of college 
duties, to gathering the material and putting 
the work in shape for publication, and as a 
result we have before us the most complete 
encyclopedia of masonry that has ever been 
offered to the American architect and builder. 


Ss 
For more than a year past Professor Nolan, 


EI 


When Ben Franklin published the Saturday 
Evening Post in 1728, he was the whole shop 
from editor-in-chief to printer’s devil. 


Everywhere things are more ‘“‘specialized’’ 
now-a-days—in painting as well as in pub- 
lishing. 

The progressive master painter caz mix 
paints—but doesn’t. He prefers Lowe Brothers 
“High Standard’? Paint—machine made. 


The oil and pigments are blended with a 
thoroughness impossible to secure in the labori- 
ous hand mixing—even when the painter has 
had 4o years of experience—which is what 
Lowe Brothers have had. 


Besides, every can of ‘“‘High Standard”’ Paint 
is uniform, because machinery is precise. The 
hand never mixes twice alike. 


Then ‘‘High Standard’’ Paint is ready for 
the brush. Hand mixed paints must be thinned 
and thickened. tested and tried—which means 
extra hours fer you to pay for without any 
actual service rendered—all saved by using 
“High Standard’’—and you get a paint that 
flows on easily, covers 100 to 150 square feet 
per gallon more than ordinary paints, dries 
readily with a rich permanent lustre and leaves 
asmooth surface for re-painting whennecessary. 


The “Little Blue Flag’’ insures Quality, 
Economy and Satisfaction all around. ‘‘Little 
Blue Flag’? Varnishes and Household Finishes 
for interior are just as sure to satisfy. 


Ask for color cards and combinations. 


The Lowe Brothers Company 
450-456 E. Third Street, Dayton, Ohio. 
New York 


Chicago Kansas City 


Most beautiful and durable hammock ever made. Can be 


indoors as well as outdoors. Easily kept clean— 


cannot be damaged by rain. 


Fresh Air is the Great Tonic! 


Improve your health by sleeping outdoors in a 


“Glencoe Hammock” 


$11— ONLY— $11 


Made in three colors—white, khaki and drab. Furnished 
Length, 


with hooks, ropes, and tufted sea-moss mattress. 
6 feet 4 inches: width, 2 feet 6 inches. 


We pay freight and save you money. 


Just tell us what color you want. Send us Eleven Dollars 
and we will ship you a hammock complete. prepaid. 
Money refunded if not satisfactory. 

Send for descriptive circular. 


J.A.Woodford & Co. 


357 Marine Building, Chicago, Ill. 


Here's Real Comfort! 


JMENNEN'S 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons. 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton weld:d 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


Fireproofing Departments: 
ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK 

WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 

CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bicg. 

BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 

CLEVELAND, GHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company 


Koll’s Patent 
Lock-Joint Columns 


BORATED TALCUM 


TOILET POWDER | 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or 
Interior Use are made 
exclusively by 


Hartmann - Sanders 
Company 


ee ee 
“BABY’S BEST FRIEND 
and Mamma’s greatest comfort. Mennen’s relieves and prevents 
Prickly Heat, Chafing and Sunburn. For yourprotectionthe 
genuine is put up in non-refillable boxes—the ‘“‘Box that 
Lox,’’ with Mennen’s face ontop. Sold everywhere or by mail, 
25c.—Sample Free. Guaranteed by the Gerhard Mennen’s Chemical 
Co., under the Food and DrugsAct, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542. 
Try Mennen’s Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder— 

It bas the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets). Sample Free 
GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. 
Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap [blue wrapper] N 1 

Specially prepared for the nursery. a, Samples 
Mennen’s Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental Odor—Sold only at Stores 


Elston and Webster Avenues 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway 
NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or 
A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, ete. (See 


also " Sweet's Index.") 


. 110 Bog Oak 


(YDQ pamvg 42,40nO) 


No. 140 Manilla Oak 


. 122 Forest Green 


How to Secure the Richest and Most Durable 
Effects in Wood Finishing 


There is but one way. 

The method is simple, for as a result of some twenty-five years’ study on this one 
ubject alone it has become an exact science. 

If you wish to finish or refinish woodwork you can do it yourself, or— : 

If you are building or re-building you can have your architect specify the material 
which you and he can be certain will produce the most satisfactory results. 


IAMINC AN 


ARTISTIC WOOD FINISHES 
OY TN DUI Voy 


are the never-failing solution of the wood finishing problem. 
Johnson’s Wood Dye (14 shades) is really dye—not merely surface ‘‘stain’’ or lacquer 
—not varnish stain, which attempts a stain and finish in combination—and_ hides all the 
beauty of the wood. 
Johnson’s Wood Dye penetrates and dyes the wood to the desired shade, accentuat- 
ing its natural beauty by bringing out the grain—it is thin and easily applied— 
cannot lap or streak. 


Johnson’s Prepared Wax (Natural or Black) does not scratch off like varnish 
—does not mar. 


Johnson’s Prepared Wax applied over Johnson’s Wood Dye produces 
the rich, subdued, artistic finish. 


Johnson’s Under-Lac should be used over the Dye with Johnson’s 
Prepared Wax as a final coat if a higher gloss is desired. 


. 3 39 
Johnson’s Wood Dye in the following shades is for sale in SS se 
convenient packages by paint dealers everywhere. Ry oe 
: 8 
No, 126 Light Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak & oa” 
No. 123 Dark Oak No, 131 Brown Weathered Oak & Ae & 
No. 125 Mission Oak No, 132 Green Weathered Oak PNG ey Ss 
No. 140 Manilla Oak No. 12t Moss Green < oe 
No. 110 Bog Oak No. 122 Forest Green Pry 
No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak eS wo pret aie 
No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak 4a wy & SS” or 
, ‘ Y Orn? “9 soo 
Half-pints 30c; pints 50c. Johnson’s 97,07 ph Rs 
Prepared Wax 10c and 15c packages. Also % 0. RO ; Ros 
sold in large sizes. For sale by all lead- ee” ro , id 
ing paint dealers. Samples and @ oo x oS 
g 69 <8 os 
Handsome Artistic ¥ * “ss 
° . WO 
Home Beautifying of 6& of oy 
Book Free on y 
40° . 
Illustrated in full colors ou & al e Rod 
(48 pages). ae ~ a > ° 
S. C. Johnson & Son. 
S S 
= “The Wood Finishing Authorities” = 
= x 
8 ’ , ‘ 3 
3 ' Racine, Wisconsin & 
v x 
= 2 
As) Sf 
S) 
No. 178 Brown Flemish No. 125 Mission Oak 


es oe a aati meal 


(Southern Pine) 


No. 121 Moss Green 


No. 126 Light Oak 
. + 


(Birch) 


“No. 129 Dark Mahogany 


No. 172 Flemish Oak 


ee Vol. VI JULY... Tz No. 7 


S\N MADAADAD DB VDDD RR DDADE DD DANAARTAAD ANAS D ADD TLANNDDADD RAMDAC CRU AS SD RAED MME BERITTN OL SALE OLLIE L LEE EEERLEL LEE EL LEEE LLL LOL LAA IEA EE 


MERICAN| 
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WLLUGAY TOR LULA 


$3.00 A YEAR PRICE, 95 CENTS 


MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 


Our line comprises the 
finest and most complete 
designs of high-class clocks 
on the market. Our move- 
ments are superior in 
nearly every detail and 
the purchaser is assured 


that he can buy the best 


by ordering a “Waltham.” 


We will soon have 
ready for delivery, our new 
Chiming Movement which 
chimes either Westmin- 
ster, Whittington or St. 
Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
Clock is a model of perfec- 
tion and appeals to those 
who desire a first-class 
article in every respect. 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for illustrated catalogue. 


Waltham Clock Company 
Waltham, Mass. 


Is Your House a Part of the Landscape? 


Many buildings arenot. Faced withsmooth,high-colored bricks 
they clash with Nature’s quiet greens and deep-toned browns. 


alone have the soft, rich shadings which harmonize with any 
landscape, with indianreds, ivory grays, quiet olives and golden 
browns, all with rough texture, they bring ‘‘ that weathered 
effect’’ out where the weather is and have that honest, rugged 
appearance which distinguishes ‘‘ natural finishes ’’ from arti- 
ficiality. 

FAR THE CHEAPEST IN THE END 

Tapestry Brick save repair bills, assure walls that Time 
will beautify rather than blemish and add materially to the 
salability of your entire property. 

The ideal material for Country Houses, Garden Walls, 
Terraces, Brick Pergolas and other appurtenances of the 
formal garden. 

Fullinformation free. Send 20c for elaborate book, “Tapestry Brickwork.” 


FIiskKE & COMPANY, INC. 
1662 Flatiron Building, New York 


Many Uses of a Conservatory 


Not only is your conservatory a flower garden, connected with your 
house and serving you the year round, but it may be a living-room, 
where the morning sun-bath is enjoyed, or the afternoon tea delighifully 
served. It adds another unique, attractive room to your home, one 
from which all the family will get great satisfaction and comfort. 
Consult us about its construction. 


Hitchings & Company 


Designing and Sales Offices 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


General Offices and Factory 
ELIZABETH, N. J. 


THE WEALTH OF NATIONS 


PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- 
vention for a term of seventeen years. You can 
sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and 
grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent 
system is responsible for much of our industrial 

progress and our success in competing in the markets of the 
world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree 
commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. 
In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent 
Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. 
This is a special branch of the legal profession which 
can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly 
sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of 
clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- 
ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade 
Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one 
quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our 
unbiased opinion freely given. We are happy to consult 
with you in person or by letter as to the probable 
patentability of your invention. 


Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on 
Application. 


Branch Office: cMMUNN C& COMPANY 


625 F Street Solicitors of Patents 
Washington, D.C. ain Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


THE GREATER WANAMAKER’S 


(Enlarged and Specialized) 


Men’s Store 
Book Store 
Sporting-Goods Store 


Wanamaker Galleries— 
Furnishing and Decoration 
Pianoforte Salons 


Women’s Store 
Jewelry Store 
Housewares Store 


The New Wanamaker “GUIDE BOOK” > 


IS READY AND WILL BE SENT 
—WITHOUT CHARCE—-TO THE 


Home-Lovers of America and the World 


P——SHHIS daintily illustrated, forty-eight page “GUIDE BOOK,” brings 
) the story of the great Wanamaker Stores—and Galleries of Fur- Pptneo} Fark ster op £0. 203 Bichigan Blvd. 
LAP, nishing and Decoration, DIRECT TO YOUR LIBRARY TABLE. Baltimore: 519 Nort San Francisco: 1748 


California St. 
The “GUIDE BOOK’ ’ tells about the celebrated “House Pal- Pitts Dune Gun anerten, 


HE ENOS COMPANY announce the removal of 

their Salesrooms te No. 36 West 37th Street, 
where may be found a complete exhibition of the 
best forms of lighting fixtures. 


The ENOS COMPANY | onting Fitures 


Office and Factory: Salesrooms: 
7th Av. and 16th St. NEW YORK 36 West 37th St. 


Yum 


Century Building 


Toronto: 94 King St 
est 

atial,’ a quarter million dollar Funishing-Arts Exhibit (built 

! into the Galleries) and other unique Wanamaker attractions, 


St. Louis: N. O. Nelson 
Mfg. Co. 


Portland, Ore.: J. C. 
English Co., 128 Park St. 


Plummer, Inc. 
Seattle: Cox & Gleason, 
1914 Second Ave. 


Spokane: Cutter & 
d by thousands every day. 


The ‘‘GUIDE BOOK’”’ introduces our catalogues and folios and samples, which, in 
turn, illustrate our newest patterns in every category of Antique and Modern Furniture, 
Oriental Rugs, Carpets, Draperies, Laces, Upholstery Stuffs, Tablewares, Fancy Chinas, 
Cut Glass, Art Lamps, the famous Wanamaker Hygienic Bedding and other distinctive— 
though moderate priced--Furnishings, that the women of New 
York and vicinity, revelin The ‘““GUIDE BOOK’”’ alsotells 
interesting things about the Wanamaker Paris, London 
and New York fashions, in Men’s and Women’s Wearing 


Apparel. 


The “GUIDE BOOK” tells about our specialized cor- 
respondence and Mail-Order Service. It tells how our ex- 
pert designers and decorators will send you color-schemes, sug- 
gestions and pictures of Furniture, with prices, for the room 
or the complete house, without charge for this service—which 
enables you to be served as thoroughly and profitably AS 
THOUGH WE WERE WAITING ON YOU AT THE STORE. 


je 


ANDREWS, JACQUES & RANTOUL, Architects, Boston 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile 
Reds and beautiful Silver Grays. 


PETRIFAX 


Damp-Resisting 
INTERIOR and EXTERIOR COATING 
FOR BRICK, CONCRETE or CEMENT 


“If the coat fits, put it on’ 


DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON 

AGENTs: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St.. New York; John D.S. Potts, 
218 Race St., Philadelphia; W.W.-. Lawrence & Co., Pittsburg, 
Pa.; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich. ; 
F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash.. and 
Portland, Ore.; M- D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga. 


Every woman who is interested in the Home-Making 
Arts and the Home Beautiful, is invited to send rough sketch 
or blue-print, telling us what furnishing is contemplated and 
these suggestions, pictures and samples will go forward. 


In writing for the ‘“‘GUIDE BOOK”’ and in other cor= 
respondence, address: JOHN WANAMAKER, Section B, 
NEW YORK. The ‘“‘GUIDE BOOK” will be sent free— 


postpaid. : 
A ROUND THE WORLD SERVICE 


JOHN WANAMAKER : 


Philadelphia NEW YORK Paris 


A House Lined with 


Mincral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 

Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED, 
The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it, 
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 
out dampness. | 


Sample and — 
Circular 


Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 

yf.) request. List your wants 
<><] of antiques with me. 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


Wall Papers and Wall 


Coverings A Practical Handbook 


For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders 
and House Owners, with many half-tone and 
other illustrations showing latest designs 
By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 
Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives 
reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers 
and describes the practical methods of applying them 


One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


Correspondence Solicited. 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. 


eo. rene ocer.+ setactteemaienaneaiats 


CROSS-SECTION THROVGH FLOOR, 


Il 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR PE RRs 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 

in America. The illustrations are in 

nearly all cases made from original 

photog1aphs, and are beautifully printed 

eee rere ° aie ore on double coated paper. Attractively 

——— ee 7 ygeneaneneaneany Base sue! BMAD Py bound. _ The book will prove one of 

¢ ; Pe ee see the most interesting books of the year 

and will fill the wants of those who 

desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


eer 
r eo aod 


Munn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By p <I HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 

T. BYARD COLLINS FN | || Zen] taken place in American agricultural methods which are 

Shr 4. transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 

Gletkin 3 lo Pages Sl | hee ill independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 

NO Ala) to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 

in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 
ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


8vo. 
100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER WII _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X._ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


4 


MUNN & CO., Publishers al 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


,  _—_ 


July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii 


cn TT rence nt ap nan nn ae 


: CD itt Wee 


te arte YAM sas a Br 
a 4 ral 


Sail i It : 


i N the designing and manufacture WY 
E: of Period and Art cases to har- | 
monize with any plan of archi- 
tecture or decoration, Steinway & 
Sons are the recognized leaders, 3 ae 
as in all other departments of piano eld iit 
making—a distinction they have \} mee 
enjoyed for three generations. Every aa ‘| 


ART PIANO 


is a true representation of 
its respective period—a 
veritable gem of beauty 
and perfection. A visit 
to the Steinway Studios 
. will reveal that, in these 
idasterpieces of pianocraft, music and 
decorative art are so deftly blended that 
tney at once command the admiration and 
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Steinway Hall 
107-109 East 14th Street, New York Steinway Parlor Grand Piano in the 
(‘Subway Express Station at the Door) period of Louis XIV, gilt and enameled 


The Best of Servants 


A customer writes: ‘‘ Twenty-one years ago L purchased from your firm a 6-inch Ericsson 
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gas, and wood for fuels. I can't speak too highly of its working.” 


Yes, the Hot-Air Pump is in all respects an household use, All this drudgery is relieved 
ideal servant. It works without grumbling, It by a Hot-Air Pump. It frequently takes the 
is always ready todoitsduty. Itrequiresno place of one or more domestic servants, thus 
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dry, the live stock, the garden, and every tee Sie calc. Se Suse throURBOUr thee wor 


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iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


Lane’s 


them in a class by themselves. 


Send for Complete Catalog. 


New Papers on 


Concrete 


Reinforced 
Concrete 


Concrete 
Building 
Blocks 


Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an 
article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. 
The article clearly describes the proper com- 
position and mixture of concrete and gives the 
results of elaborate tests, 


Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the 
proportion of gravel and sand to be used in 
concrete, 


Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 
1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion 
by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems 
of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, 
and their applications. These articles constitute 
a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced 
concrete. Nothing better has been published. 


Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an 
article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical 
notes on the proper preparation of concrete are 
given. 


Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 
present a helpful account of the making of 
concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a 
critical review of the engineering value of re- 
inforced concrete, 


Lane Trolley Hangers are made in both the 
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machined and hardened ball bearings as shown 
and in all the various details the quality of Lane 
products is maintained, thus virtually placing 


EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. 
TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED for $3.40 


Order from your Newsdealer or from 


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HE particularly distinguishing features of the 

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the excellence of the ball bearing and the lateral 
as well as vertical adjustment of the track. 


SECTION BALL BEARING IN LANE 
TROLLEY HANGERS 


LANE BROTHERS COMPANY, (7Wi.P oer fone") 
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Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 
give a resumé in which the various systems of 
reinforced concrete construction are discussed 
and illustrated. 


Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 
contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, 1n which 
the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are 
analysed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the 
principles of reinforced concrete with some 
practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. 


Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an 
article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of 
success 1n concrete block manufacture, illus- 
trated. 


Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses 
steel for reinforced concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 
1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., 
on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- 
tion and use for farm purposes. The paper ex- 
haustively discusses the making of mortar and 
concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, 
wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- 
struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. 


Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- 
able suggestions on the selection of Portland 
cement for concrete blocks. 


Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly 
discusses concrete aggregates. <A helpful paper. 


Scientific American Supplements 1595 and 1596 
present a thorough discussion of sand for mortar 
and concrete, by Sanford E. Thompson. 


Scientific American Supplement 1586 contains a 
paper by William L. Larkin, on concrete mixing 
machinery in which the leading types of mixers 
are discussed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1626 publishes a 
practical paper by Henry H. Quimby on con- 
crete surfaces. 


Scientific American Supplement 1624 tells how to 
select the proportions for concrete and gives 
helpful suggestions on the treatment of con- 
crete surfaces, 


Scientific American Supplement 1634 discusses 
forms for concrete construction, 


Scientific American Supplement 1639 contains a 
paper by Richard K Meade, on the prevention 
of freezing in concrete by calcium choloride, 


In Scientific American Supplement 1605 Mr. 
Sanford E. Thompson thoroughly discusses the 
proportioning of concrete. 


Scientific American Supplement 1578 tells why 
some fail in the concrete block business. 


Scientific American Supplement 1608 contains a 
discriminating paper by Ross F Tucker on the 
progress and logical design of reinforced con- 
crete. 


A SET of PAPERS CON- 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 


By E. P. Powell 


V. THE COUNTRY HOME COW 


Ae home has three special 


privileges: the family horse, the pet cow, 

and the fresh vegetable garden—I do 
not know which of these is the most important, 
for we can not get on well without all three. 
The cow is perhaps the most absolutely impor- 
tant where the family is large. Milk does 
everything in the way of giving comfort and 
health. ‘Then there is the waste which goes 
to keep the family pig and make the hens lay 
eggs. I am glad to see that the sour milk, 
which used to be rejected from the table, 
is getting to be an important item of diet. 
Give me a good bowl of sour milk twice 
a day, and above all the so-called “lobbered” 
milk, with a dash of nutmeg and sugar, and I 
will leave the sweet milk to others. It has 
been recently discovered that this is not only 
one of the most healthful, but one of the best 
flesh-making foods. Then we have the charm 
of churning our own butter, and that wonder- 
ful by-product, buttermilk. The one thing 
that I wonder at most, at my winter home in 
Florida is, that with cows everywhere in sight, 
we find it so difficult to get a pail of sour milk 
or a bowl of buttermilk. Even with oranges 
I do not feel quite satisfied without more of 
the preduct of the cow. 

Probably the best way in a country home 
of ten or twenty acres is to keep two cows; 
one of these to have her calf in the spring, 
and the other in the fall. This insures us 
plenty of new milk all the year round. How- 
ever, I find that a single cow, if milked with 
care, well housed and well fed, leaves a gap 
of only about one month when milk must be 
purchased. The only economic method of 
keeping a cow on a small homestead is to turn 
every foot of pasturage into garden or orchard, 
and feed her with cut fodder. I began with 
sowed corn, constantly reducing the size of my 
pasture, until I had only a large yard of about 
fifty feet square. I found, however, that I 
could use the corn ground more profitably for 
berries, and then changed my feed to lawn 
trimmings and June-cut hay. With this, once 
a day, went a pail of table waste. Every 
household can furnish at least one pail a day. 
To this add a liberal cutting of beets, carrots 
and other vegetables. Feeding a cow in this 
manner will teach careful economy in house- 
hold affairs. You will find that nearly all 
waste comes in as a valuable factor in pro- 
ducing milk or elsewhere adding to comfort. 

If you wish a-plenty of milk for the whole 
year, you must provide early June-cut hay. 
You see I am not talking at all about mill 
stuff, because that costs a large amount of 
money, and often entirely neutralizes the 
profit of a cow. I rarely feed anything of the 
kind, or spend a dollar on cow feed, outside 
of my own garden and orchard. Cut your 
hay between the first and tenth of June, when 
it has in it all the richness and sweetness that 
goes to make milk. July-cut hay is of very 
little value to any animal, least of all the cow. 
Alfalfa is one of the best possible feeds, and 
millet, if early cut, is another. A very small 
patch of alfalfa, cut three or four times, right 
in the milk of it, will delight your cow, and 
keep her in the milk mood all summer. ‘Then 
be sure to have a mow of it for winter. There 
is a lot of rowen or aftermath left uncut all 
about the country. Many of our common 
grasses and weeds that are supposed to be 
utterly useless make first rate cow feed. The 
common ox-eyed daisy if cut just as it opens 
its eyes will be relished by the cow, and will 
at least help to keep up her flesh—it is full of 


July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v 


oil. In the garden there should be a bed ot 
beats or rutabagas—nothing is better both for 
flesh and milk. In Florida beggar weed is 
splendid cow rations. 

The cow yard need not be very large, but 
it should be a model of comfort and neatness. 
It should be well drained, so that an inch of 
mud need never be seen. “There should be a 
well, with a tub always full, unless you can 
bring water through a pipe into her stall. This 
water should be fresh every day, and plenty of 
it. She should be allowed to go to it whenever 
she pleases, instead of being hitched up most of 
the time, and sent to water at your option. 
This yard should be thoroughly well shaded, 
for a cow likes shade as well as water. Let 
it be every way made pleasant; for you will 
discover, if you observe, that a cow has her 
tastes. She will invariably lie down of a 
moonlight night with her face to the moon. 
Both cows and horses observe a good deal 
about them, as we do. My neighbor, who has 
fourteen horses in charge, built a large house 
over his barn well—giving as a reason that 
his horses “looked over the valley so much, if 
they had the chance, that it took three or four 
times as long to water them.” ‘The cow is by 
no means the board-faced animal that some 
people suppose. Homer could give no better 
description of Juno than to call her cow-eyed. 
If the manure is kept, of necessity, in the cow 
yard, let it be removed to compost piles very 
frequently. If left in the yard it is not only 
a nuisance to yourself but to the cow. Com- 
posted with vegetable waste, autumn leaves, 
coal ashes, etc., you get all the fertilizer your 
land will need. 

When you have finished with your yard, 
turn attention to the stable and stalls. Stan- 
chions may be necessary where many cows are 
kept, but for a single cow there should be pre- 
pared as good a box stall as you give your pet 
horse. It should be warm and lighted with a 
large window. ‘The feed should come down 
into a capacious manger, and her pail of extra 
food from the house should be placed in a box 
by itself, so as not to foul the hay. I do not 
know of any animal that is more particular 
about clean feed than the cow. A little care 
in this line will make her more particular and 
more valuable. Indulge all these whims in an 
animal, and encourage them in manifesting 
likes and dislikes. The stall should be ar- 
ranged so that it can be barred or locked dur- 
ing feeding time to prevent one animal from 
trespassing on another. 

I prefer a cow of good size, one that will 
make beef as well as milk. For this reason 
I do not select a Jersey, as a rule, although 
I have had Jersey grades that were very satis- 
factory. In the ordinary country home, milk 
is more important than blood, and behavior 
is better than pedigree. Of the imported 
stocks I prefer a Holstein-Fresian, as a rule. 
They are large, generally kindly, and give a 
large flow of medium quality milk. If the 
milking must be done by a hired man, I ob- 
ject to the Jersey entirely, as an old dairyman 
said in a Farmers’ Institute, “If you keep 
Jerseys you must do your own milking.” That 
is, they need special care and will not thrive 
without it. The milking must be done with 
gentleness and thoroughness. We have, how- 
ever, lost some of our very best breeds of 
cows, through a fancy for something from 
foreign countries. New York State fifty 
years ago had a cow of large build, gentle 
disposition, grand milk-giver, easy keeper, and 
in other ways just exactly what ought to have 
been retained. It was worth more to the 
country home than any imported breed ever 
seen. I am happy to say that Cornell Uni- 
versity, in its Agricultural Department, is 
now trying to restore this admirable cow. It 
was one of the most domestic creatures I have 
ever seen. In my boyhood I used to sit down 


tion. 


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DON'T BE KNOCKED OVER 


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OOOO BOOKS VOODOO 


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MUNN & COMPANY NEW YORK 
Publishers of Scientific American 


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vi - AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


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Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


““FABRIANO’’ Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
Superior to any other hand-made paper 


F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 
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STANDING SEAM 


Simple—Artistic 
The simple lines of this door adapt it for craftsman interiors, Dens, Libraries, 
Studies, etc.;1ts beautiful grain and finish givea note of distinction to any room. 


LINCH right through the 
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unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 
Berger Bros. Co. 


PHILADELPHIA 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
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or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 
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THE BRISTOL COMPARY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEW YORK Branches CHICAGO 


Cross section ‘ ee. ‘ . The name 
showing con- : oo et “Morgan” 
struction of : : ‘ pg tb tt 4 is branded 
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Industrial Alcohol KIDDER’S 
ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES Churches and Chapels 


A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s “‘Introduction to By F. E. KIDDER, Architect 


Distillation’’ as revised by Drs. Delbriick and Lange ; 
COMPRISING This edition has been thoroughly revised by 


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Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and Yeast Preparation, Fermentation, Distil- : eas - 2 . 
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and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods of Denaturing, Its Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in 
Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, A Statis- the text and more than 50 full-page plates. 


ato ait etal acy ahaa alg) The book contains a large number of plans and 
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Ty value and significance a tax-free alcohol have widely - . . . ae 
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is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of the subject, especially details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, 
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Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. The farmer, the 7 
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One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 


F O'R WS A. Li EO GANT) VAL .L. BsO>O"K)S @aorRwEEs sium & €s, #1 Ze 


July, 1909 


or lie down on the family cow while she 
chewed her cud, and while I was milking the 
pet cat sat on the cow waiting for her rations. 
There was nothing after her to equal an Ayr- 
shire in milk-giving; but an Ayrshire is too 
full of fun and mischief for the ordinary coun- 
try home. She will put her feet on the stable 
stairs and eat out of the second story mow, 
and I have seen one with her feet on a slop- 
ing apple tree picking apples for herself. 

This little talk about the family cow will 
not sut some because it does not talk about 
balanced ration, and it does not advocate 
spending a large amount on mill feeds. I 
believe that the country home should not only 
have a cow, but that it should be so arranged 
that it can feed a cow. I have implied all 
the way that the cow should be thoroughly 
domesticated and treated as a member of the 
family. I believe this to be quite as true of 
the family cow as of the horse and the dog. 
My collies are no more at home with me than 
the beautiful creature who gives me a pail 
of milk twice a day. Domesticity is the first 
point to be aimed at. Home should include 
everything that occupies our acres. “To make 
the whole happy should preclude making the 
whole profitable; yet in the end nothing pays 
better than kindness and good will. 

I have said nothing at all about the habit 
of hitching out cows in dooryards and orch- 
ards and along the street sides. “This habit 
is as uneconomical as it is slovenly. At 
least two-thirds of the food is tramped or 
fouled so that the cow will not eat it. She 
is very dainty about what she has stepped on, 
and will not take it as food. ‘The same 
amount of ground, if mowed, will furnish 
three or four times the feed, and at regular 
periods for her meals. I can see no advan- 
tage in this staking out unless it be where the 
owner is crippled or a woman. In an orchard 
the cow will almost surely get at more or less 
fruit, which will help to dry her up, and the 
limbs will be chewed and broken wherever 
she can reach. ‘The whole yard or orchard 
will be a disagreeable place where you can 
not walk with pleasure or take a friend to 
study your fruit. The cow is invariably 
dried up before her time. In fact, you have 
nothing before you that is safe except the plan 
which I have suggested, judicious stabling 
and considerate feeding. 


A) Since 1893, McHUGHWILLOW 
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been the standard of proper 
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value; simple in design and de- 
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all year round use. 
B) With a prepaid order for 
McHUGHWILLOW Furniture amount- 
ing to $75, one Bar Harbor 
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C) Prepaid orders, $25 and over 
are packed and go freight free 
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D) 200 models are shown in the 
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portfolio of 117 sketch leaf- 
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examples of McHUGHWILLOW, 
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Furniture, for 25 cents--Stamps 
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first purchase of furniture. 
JOSEPH P. McHUGH & Co., 
9 W. 42d St.; opposite Library 
(Only address; no branches) 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Pleasure of the Porch 


is increased many fold by the use of Vudor Porch Shades. ‘They make the 
porch available at any hour of the hottest day—a cool, shady, secluded retreat, 
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Vudor Porch Shades must not be confused with the flimsy, ragged and cheap- 
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Write for Booklet and Name of Your Local Dealer 


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The background of this advertisement shows section of a Vudor Porch Shade, actual size. 
The genuine Vudor Porch Shades always bear the Vudor aluminum name-plate. 


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ENAMETILE can be used with the same artistic effect and 
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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


GOING TO BUILD?— 


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The most experienced decorators in the country describe how the best and 
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The frame of the House-picture is the garden, and success in its treatment 
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July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


Mineweaarden im Your lown 


; af! or 


fAaxeS itasuccessP If so, the Garden Competition Editor of American 
d5<% Homes and Gardens wants to know about it—he will pay $200 
in prizes for the five best-planted, developed and successful 
. ® suburban or village gardens. Write to the Garden Competition 
Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you 
had with it; tell him of the plants with which you have had the best results, 
and also those which have been failures. Send him a good photograph 
and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help 
others to beautify their surroundings. You need not be a skilled writer to tell 
a story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. 


$200 for Prizes 


For the best garden received we will pay: 


For the First, - - - $100.00 
For the Second, - - 50.00 
For the Third, are 25.00 


For the Fourth, - - 15.00 
Horitne ett 1) = 10.00 


Conditions 


Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 

A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants 
used in planting. 

Drawings of the plot are to be made, preferably on a scale of eight feet to the inch, 
showing the positions of the various plants and shrubs. 

Photographs of the garden are to be sent printed on solio paper and should not be less 
than 5x7 inches in size. If possible to do so, please also send a photograph showing 
the garden before planting. 

Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a pseudonym, which is to 
be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. As 
soon as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they will notify the Editor, 
who will open hic envelope bearing the proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’s 
true name. The competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the prize. 
The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and 
Gardens all gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. 
The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photograph. 
Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American 
Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York. 

The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants need not be sub- 
scribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind 
is required. Vo photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. 


—~_ WN r 


oN On 


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— 


aN HO) Homes and Gardens 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi 


for August 


Mr. George Crocker’s Estate at Rumsey, New Jersey 


The magnificent estate of Mr. George Crocker at Rum- 
sey, N. J., forms the theme of Barr Ferree’s article in 
his series of ‘‘Notable American Homes.” ‘This property 
ranks easily among the most splendid private estates of 
America, and is adequately described and sumptuously 
illustrated. A fine property in every way, it illustrates 
some of the most interesting phases of the best develop- 
ments of house architecture in this country. 


Children’s Playhouses 


Mary H. Northend contributes an unusual article on 
small playhouses built for children. These are real 
houses, built in the type of individual dwellings and hav- 
ing all the external character of mimic homes. Interest- 
ing in themselves, they also furnish some suggestions for 
children of larger growth who are looking for small and 
economical houses for their own use. ‘The illustrations 
include photographs and plans, and are complete in 
every way. 


Grape Culture in France 


The supremacy of the French in the culture of the grape 
is well known, but the actual methods pursued and the 
real results obtained are not so familiar. In this paper 
Jacques Boyer describes in detail the methods in vogue 
in one of the best-known vine centers in France. His 
paper is charmingly illustrated. 


A Group of Modern Houses 


Francis Durando Nichols has gathered a collection of 
nine interesting houses of comparatively small cost in this 
paper, and presents them in a thoroughly complete and 
interesting manner. The illustrations include exteriors, 
interiors, bits of details, and complete floor plans. The 
text is amply descriptive, and the paper fairly bristles 
with helpful suggestions and ideas. 


Longfellow’s “The Wayside Inn.” 


Few buildings in America can boast of two hundred and 
twenty-three years of continuous history as can the Red 
Horse Tavern of Sudbury, immortalized by Longfellow 


as ‘“The Wayside Inn.” Esther Singleton sketches the 
life history of this remarkable hostelry, and her paper is 
accompanied with a group of unique photographs of rare 
interest and beauty. Here is a fine old-time building 
still in use, and if not as good to-day as the day when 
built, certainly vastly more interesting and picturesque. 


The Rochester Competition 


The competition recently concluded by the Chamber of 
Commerce of Rochester for workingmen’s homes is ade- 
quately treated with many plans and drawings. ‘This 
competition has attracted wide attention, and has resulted 
in the evolution of a house of exceedingly moderate cost 
that is bound to become highly popular. 


A Long Island Summer Home 


‘“‘Annesden,” at Bridgehampton, Long Island, is a charm- 
ing summer home, quite characteristic of the famous 
region in which it is built. What it looks like, how it is 
planned, and what comforts its interior presents to its 
occupants are summarized in an interesting article on this 
fine country home. 


Nature as Designer 


Decorative designs obtained direct from Nature are mat- 
ters of general interest. S. Leonard Bastin tells how 
ferns and various wild plants offer valuable material for 
decorative designs. His article is illustrated with numer- 
ous novel photographs direct from Nature. 


A Connecticut House 


The fine house of James W. Wheeler at New Haven is 
described by Charles Chauncey. The illustrations show 
it to be a home of immense attractiveness, while the plans 
show an economical and wise arrangement. 


The Departments 


The departments of the number are unusually strong and 
timely. We commend the “Monthly Comment,” the 


“Garden Notes,” and “Problems in Home Furnishing” 
to our widely extending circle of readers. 


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HayINnG TIME 
Montuity CoMMENT—The Campaign against the House-fly 
Homes OF AMERICAN ARTISTS—‘‘Red Oaks,” the Summer Home of John M. Carrere, Esgq., 
White Plains, New York By Barr Ferree 
Tue WiLp MusHrooms By Benjamin VW. Douglass 
A RECLAIMED DWELLING—How a Farmhouse at Stokes Pogis, Villa Nova, Pennsylvania, Was 
Reclaimed and Transformed into a Habitable Dwelling By Paul Thurston 
CURTAINS FOR THE SUMMER HOME By Gertrude M. Walbran 
THE HEALTHIEST House IN THE WoRLD..... By W. A. Du Puy 
TRIMMING OLD TREES By E. P. Powell 
THE GARDEN GATE By Ralph de Martin 
Forest CONSERVATION AT BILTMORE By Day Allen Willey 
SMALL Houses oF SMALL Cost—From $3,500 to $4,500....By Francis Durando Nichols 
“GLENBROOK,” A NATURALISTIC GARDEN DESIGNED BY ITS OWNER By Adam Snyder 
“THe LINDENS,” THE SUMMER HomME oF E. S. WILLIAMS, Esa., ArT NAHANT, MAssAcHu- 
By Charles Chauncey 
Tue PRoFITABLE HousE—A House FOR A GUARANTEED Cost....By Joy Wheeler Dow 
GARDEN NOTES 
CORRESPONDENCE: 
PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg 
GARDEN Work AsBouT THE HOME By Charles Downing Lay 


Making a Country Home: V. The Country Home Cow. 
Insect Enemies of the Garden. 
New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Lroadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. 5. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


Photograph by Ella M. Boult 


HAYING TIME 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


“Red Oaks”: the entrance drive and porches 


256 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


Monthly Comment 


The Campaign against the House-fly 


HE end of the house-fly is at hand. Scien- 

tists and educators, merchants and _ house- 
wives, observers and sufferers, each and all 
have risen as a mighty host against the 
intrusions of the obnoxious insect, and de- 
clared, in the loudest possible tones, and 
with the utmost vehemence of. scientific 
fact, the destruction and extinction of this annoying and 
dangerous creature. ‘There remains, in short, but one thing 
to do, and that is to carry out the fulminations of science 
on this important subject, and the flyless age will then be- 
come a happy, sanitary and healthful fact. 


THERE is no poetry in accomplishing the destruction of 
the house-fly; there is no heroism to be displayed, no great 
prizes in authorship or other rewards to be gained by bring- 
ing it about. The peoples of two worlds do not hang 
breathless upon the rifle shots with which its epidermis is 
pierced, and its rapidly moving body laid a dead carcass 
upon the earth. No costly scientific expeditions are needed 
to bring about the end now so ardently desired and so elo- 
quently argued. ‘There is nothing, in a word, but common 
sense, care and caution, and the battle will be won, and the 
human race once more assert its supremacy over the forces of 
nature. 


YeET the battles that must be waged against this foe of 
every household are by no means few, nor is the conflict that 
must be conducted an easy one. It is a campaign in which 
the energies of every one must be engaged. Not only must 
each individual home be protected against this ancient enemy 
of mankind, but every home everywhere, every building, 
every store, every place where food is bought and sold. 
Every spot where flies originate or make their homes must 
be cleaned up and kept clean. It is a work worthy of the 
energies of a united nation. 

H 

' Twat there are many practical difficulties in the conduct 
of this campaign is no argument against engaging in it. It 
is work that should be done and that must be done, and since 
it is something in which every one can help, every one should 
do so and make his own individual contribution to the gen- 
eral cause. And this should be the more eagerly done, 
since there is an individual good that comes from effort put 
forth in this direction, a personal betterment, a household 
advantage. From the beginning of time mankind has sub- 
mitted unresistingly to the ravages of the house-fly. An 
insect incapable of stinging or biting, it has been looked upon 
as an unavoidable accompaniment of the summer season, an 
annoying nuisance, it is true, but something that comes and 
goes with the season, and against which only half-hearted 
efforts have, at the best, been directed. 


ALL this has now been changed. A vigorous campaign 
against the house-fly is now under way. Generaled by 
scientists, marshaled by ascertained fact, helped by the public 
press, and assisted by the common sense of, the people, a 
great army of exterminators has now taken the field, and the 
battle ison. And the first gun that has been fired is a mighty 
one, exceedingly clever in its inventiveness and involving an 
obnoxious fact of terrible significance. It is, in brief, a very 
simple and necessary change in nomenclature. The hcuse- 
fly has been retired, and, as a more descriptive and truthful 
name, the dread title of “‘typhoid-fly” has been substituted. 


Ir is not, indeed, a new title. As far back as 1897, Dr. 
Wallace Clarke, health officer of Utica, N. Y., attributed 
the cause of typhoid to fly transmission. Other observers 
noted the same suggestion, but the actual and definite renam- 
ing of the household pest appears to be due to Dr. L. O. 
Howard, entomologist of the Department of Agriculture, 
at Washington, who, in 1902, showed that the fly was a 
potent factor in the transmission of typhoid in country dis- 
tricts. And now that the connection has been shown, one 
does not need to be either a specialist or scientist to observe 
the horrid truths that must be laid at the door of this insect, 
nor should it seem necessary for any other instruction to be 
given than to call attention to the dreadful creature and its 
habits. That flies swarm around and amid filth has long 
been one of the most frequently observed facts in insect 
history. Dirt of every kind attracts flies, and wherever filth 
and waste of every description is to be found there flies are 
also abundant. From the nauseating feeding grounds with- 
out the house it is but a short flight to the more cleanly 
luxuries indoors. The researches into the interiors of sugar 
bowls, the promenades across the tops of cakes, the sojourns 
upon raw and cooked meats, even the attempts at repose 
upon human beings—these and many other dissipations of 
flydom are now known and recognized as the forerunners of 
a fell disease that numbers its annual victims by the thou- 
sands, with a cost and waste quite beyond ordinary calcu- 
lation. 


THE danger lies in the repulsive contact of the fly and in 
its indiscriminate associations. All this has long been a mat- 
ter of common knowledge; but the fatal results to humanity 
of these habits has been less well known, and the strength 
of the present campaign lies in bringing these truths home 
to every householder. This campaign is being well con- 
ducted. A multitude of agencies are involved in it, and 
it would rightly seem as though little more than continued 
effort were needed to bring it to a successful conclusion. And 
this would be true enough were it not that the fly is itself 
wholly unconscious of the new dread it has established in 
the minds of its human victims. The fly can not be abolished 
by law nor by the dissemination of scientific information 
concerning it. Its extinction may not be looked for, but its 
suppression is, in large measure, readily accomplishable. 


VARIOUS agencies have, from time to time, issued some 
simple rules for dealing with the fly nuisance. Those put 
forth by the Merchants’ Association of New York are well 
worth reproduction. The chief of them are as follows: 

Keep the flies away from the sick, especially those ill 
with contagious diseases. Kill every fly that strays into the 
sick room. 

Do not allow the accumulation of decaying matter of any 
sort. 

All refuse that tends to fermentation should be disposed 
of or covered with lime or kerosene. 

Screen all food. 

Keep all receptacles for garbage covered and can cleaned 
or sprinkled with oil or lime. Follow same treatment for 
stable manure in vaults or pits. 

Keep sewage system in good condition; pour kerosene into 
the drains. | 

Screen all windows and doors; burn pyrethrum powder in 
tae house to kill the flies. 

Clean up and keep out dirt of every kind everywhere. 


Homes of American Artists 


By Barr Ferree 


“Red Oaks,” the Summer Home of John M. Carrére, Esq., White Plains, N. Y. 


) HE homes of architects are quite apt to have 
3 an interest to the inquisitive public some- 
what beyond their individual merits. ‘The 
basis of this belief is obvious: architects, 
whose lives are devoted to the building of 
houses and other structures, are popularly 
supposed to devote the best fruits of their 
abilities to their personal use. Moreover, in their own 
homes, the architect may be allowed a freedom in arrange- 
ment and design that he rarely has when working for a client. 
These, and other reasons, doubtless account for the interest 
such homes excite, although, after all, the simple fact that 
it is an architect’s own house is the most important reason 
of all. 

However curious one may be concerning the homes of 
architects, criticism is immediately disarmed before the very 
lovely and altogether delightful house that Mr. Carrére has 
built for his summer’s use in Westchester County. There 
are few houses anywhere more simple or more delightful 
than this. Built scarce more than three years ago, its low 
stone walls seem always to have nestled behind the ancient 
apple orchard that screens it from the roadway. It is a 
house that, as will presently be disclosed, combines many 
successes and advantages; but in no way is it more successful 
than in presenting an old-time flavor in a modern way. It 
is, in short, a house that produces the old-time spirit, rather 
than the old-time forms, and it shows an application of this 
spirit to modern conditions and necessities in a thoroughly 
charming way. The success of this designing is much 
greater than is apparent; for, while the old forms and 
methods are everywhere abundant and have often been most 
copiously used, the revivifying of the old spirit is a much 
rarer art, the rarest, indeed, of modern architectural per- 
formances. Mr. Carrére has certainly accomplished this 
with extraordinary facility and perfect charm in his delight- 
ful country home, and this is at once its most penetrating 
and obvious quality. 

Most observers of buildings will doubtless approach this 
house with sundry preconceptions as to what kind of a 
dwelling this very successful architect might have built for 
himself. Whatever these may be they will be quickly dis- 
sipated. Mr. Carrere would doubtless vigorously deny the 
suggestion that this is scarcely the kind of a house he would 
have built when he returned from Paris—was it twenty- 
five years ago ?—and began the erection of the splendid and 
stately structures that have made his firm famous and 
brought him the fine rewards of a brilliantly successful pro- 
fessional career. The point is academic and need not be 
discussed ; it is more pertinent to remark that the creation of 
a simple old-time American country house in the midst of 
the matured career of the foremost apostle of the French 
school in America is a splendid triumph of catholicity in de- 
sign and a really superb demonstration of the designer’s 
masterful resourcefulness. And to live in this house, and to 
delight in it shows that, after all, it is pure beauty that is 
the fascinating aspect of architecture, not the arrangement 
of grandiose forms or the solving of complicated problems. 
Of both of these Mr. Carrere’s work yields the amplest 
testimony, yet while these matters are completely absent from 


vA eM N&GaNy 


his own house it is easy to see that the multitudinous ex- 
perience of one of the most extensive and most varied archi- 
tectural careers in this country have been but the prelimi- 
naries to the creation of this very beautiful house. 

In other words, Mr. Carrére not only knew what he 
wanted, but he knew how to secure it. It is a fact that 
should lift the home of every architect from the world of 
the commonplace and put it in a class by itself. Often 
enough it does, but I hazard the suggestion that it is seldom 
so delightfully done as here. The property consists of about 
thirty-five acres and comprises both open fields and wood- 
lands. It was practically devoid of buildings and there 
were, therefore, no encumbrances to interfere with the crea- 
tion of a country estate of moderate size. ‘The house stands 
back some distance from the public highway, so that little 
more than its roofs and chimneys are visible above its 
screen of apple trees. The gardener’s cottage is almost di- 
rectly on the road; to one side is the garage; beyond it is 
the barn;'on the other side, a spacious strawberry field, en- 
closed behind a picket fence; farther in is the tennis court. 
The entrance driveway is pleasantly bordered, right and left, 
with thick growths of rugosa and other roses. 

The house is a low spreading structure built in three 
wings. The first of these, which is nearest the public road, 
contains the hall, staircase and living-room; beyond it, 
toward the wood, is the kitchen wing; at the back, and at 
right angles to the other two, is the third wing containing 
the dining-room. Of land there was a plenty, and of com- 
pact building there was no need; so the house was spaced out 
upon the land with great ampleness of area, and yet with a 
keen eye to convenience. The chief rooms are thus not only 
spacious, but amply lighted by windows of generous size, 
and they are so related to each other that while each part 
is convenient of access there is quite a marked sense of isola- 
tion that is as rare as it is agreeable. 

It is built of stone, rough cut and laid in thick mortar. It 
is ‘‘Red Oaks”’ stone, since it was blasted out of the ground, 
and much of it was obtained from the space now occupied by 
the cellar. It is two stories in height, with a pointed roof 
containing the attic; in the dining-room wing this is elabor- 
ated into “dormitories,” a couple of great open rooms in 
which the beds are separated by curtains and which are 
delightful camping grounds for the young people of the 
house and their guests. The roof is thus higher here and 
is broken by a row of large dormers on either side which 
do not appear in the other parts. 

And the house is all house; that is to say, it is simply walls 
and openings. There are no architectural features; no em- 
phasizing of parts; no ornamental fronts; no notes of 
emphasis. Everything is plain and straightforward, directly 
simple and charming in its simplicity. It is true there is, at 
the end of the living-room, and hence on the first part of 
the house as it is approached, a great square porch, enclosed 
within a wrought-iron railing, with wrought-iron supports, 
a floor of Welsh tile, and a ceiling of wood painted blue with 
white beams; a similar porch serves for the carriage en- 
trance, but, save these, there are no external features of any 
sort. 

The windows have sills and lintels of gray stone that so 


AMERICAN 


The breakfast room beside the garden 


approximate the general character of the walls as to be 
scarce discernible. ‘The outer woodwork is painted white, 
the shutters of the first story being solid, with heart-shaped 
light openings above, while those of the second story have 
small solid lower panels, and movable upper blinds. All 
these upper windows everywhere have low iron grilles in- 
serted in their lower parts. There is no cornice, but the 
eaves project somewhat and are sheathed below with boards 


HOMES AND "GARDE: 


July, 


1909 


Steps to the entrance drive 


painted white. ‘There is a lambrequin-like finish to the gable 
ends, which with the ironwork of the porches, greatly helps 
in giving the old-time character to the house. And it stands 
here, on rising ground, beneath the shade of the great old oak 
from which the name of the place is derived, as though it 
had always been here; yet it is a thoroughly modern house 
designed by one of the most modern of living architects. 
The walls are all trellised with wood painted white, and 


The hall is square, with paneled walls of wood painted white 


1909 


July, 


AVERTCAN HOMES; AND GARDENS 


Great oak overshadowing the garden 


will in time, no doubt, be lusciously covered with vines. Al- 
ready there has been a fine growing of rhododendrons at the 
base of the house by the entrance roadway, a veritable 
thicket broken only for the in-planting of two rare old box 
trees of most unusual form and growth. The drawing-room 
porch has its own little outer steps by which it may be 
reached from the roadway. ‘The steps are of flagstones, 
the platform of red brick laid in herring-bone pattern, 


The living-room porch and its floral treatment 


and a lion lies asleep on the right-hand pedestal. The 
house is entered by a glazed vestibule exterior to the house 
and beneath the carriage porch. The hall is a square room, 
the walls of which are completely lined with wood in 
small panels painted white. The plain ceiling has an orna- 
mental centerpiece in plaster, from which depends a bronze 
hanging-lamp. The fireplace has a mantel of black and yel- 
low marble; with a hearth of the same beautiful stone inlaid 


The living-room is lighted on three sides and is finished in French gray 


260 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


with slabs of white marble; the andirons are wrought-iron. 
The floor is of oak, as are all the other floors of this story, 
on which are laid handsome Oriental rugs. 

The living-room opens on the right. It is a long, low 
apartment, lighted by windows on three sides. The walls 
are paneled throughout to the ceiling in a double series of 
panels, small below, large above, all painted French gray. 
The ceiling is white and without ornamentation. The man- 
tel is of polished mottled gray marble, with black marble 
facings and black and gray marble hearth; the andirons 
are brass and the screen is wrought-iron. The window cur- 
tains are of thin white Swiss, with shades in two tones of 
buff, a treatment that prevails elsewhere on this floor. 
Bronze candle lights are applied to the walls, and the furni- 
ture coverings are green and red velour and tapestry. 

On the left of the hall a small room on the entrance front 
serves as a library and writing-room. It has a low paneled 
wainscot of wood painted white, above which the walls are 
covered with a beautiful tapestry paper in tones of green. 
There is a molded plaster cornice and a plain white ceiling 
The whole of one side is completely shelved in wood painted 
white. Behind this room is a corridor that leads to the 
service wing. Before these 
important parts are 
reached space is found for 
the stairs to the second 
story, and a “dust” room, 
fitted with built-in lockers, 
where there may be a pre- 
liminary cleaning up after 
a game of tennis. 

Directly in face, beyond 
the hall as one enters it, is 
a passage which fulfils the 
function of a conservatory, 
and which obviously leads 
to the third wing of the 
house. It is presently dis- 
closed to be the approach 
to the dining-room. It is 
a space that has the dis- 
tinct quality of a gallery. 
Three great windows on 
the right practically oc- 
cupy all of that wall. 
There is a low wainscot of 
wood painted white, and 
the upper walls are 
covered with a paper, light gray in tone, of an old-time 
type, presenting Roman warriors in chariots, framed in 
small oblongs. This paper, by the way, is used for the halls 
and corridors everywhere, and is highly effective. ‘The floor 
is paved with marble, in squares of black and white, with 
a border of plain white marble. The furniture is of the 
conservatory type, and is of iron, painted pea-green. In the 
midst of summer this corridor is, of course, barren of plants; 
and, hence, a welcome and brilliant color note is furnished 
by the gorgeous Japanese lantern of embroidered red and 
blue silk that depends from the ceiling. 

The dining-room at the end is the final apartment in this 
wing. It is a square room, paneled to the ceiling in wood 
in two series of panels, disposed between thin pilasters that 
support the molded cornice. The ceiling is enriched with 
a central ornamentation. It is a white room, the chief note 
of color in which is given by the handsome mantelpiece of 
black and white marble which is built against a large panel 
in the center of the furthest wall. There are windows on 
three sides, which approach quite near the floor and are pro- 
vided with wide sills. There is a central bronze chandelier 


The passage to the dining-room the 


and side lights, and the furniture is antique, with seat covers 
of two-toned red velvet. 

The windows at the far end open on to the breakfast-room, 
which is actually an open porch, with square piers of stone, 
without enclosing parapets at the further end, with but low 
stone enclosures on the sides with a free opening in the 
center. It is floored with Welsh tile. All around it are 
high slim trees, and just beyond is a wall of old stone 
that separates Mr. Carrére’s property from the open fields 
adjoining. 

From the breakfast-room one may conveniently enter the 
sunken garden that has been developed in the angle formed 
by the living-room and dining-room wings. In the center 
is a great square of grass, with rounded box trees planted at 
intervals and a sun-dial at one end. All around this is a 
narrow path, then a wide border of flowers, mostly of the 
old-fashioned type, and brilliantly gay at all seasons, and 
then a wider path. Another gay border completes the floral 
embellishment. The paths are lined with narrow pieces of 
flagstones set upright, and the whole is enclosed within a 
stone wall, capped with flagstone. At the head of the gar- 
den—opposite the house—is the magnificent oak tree that 
gives its name to the place, 
and which is one of its 
choicest possessions. 

While all the parts in 
the first story are very 
convenient and direct, it is 
only on the second floor 
that the really great size 
of the house is readily ap- 
parent. This is due chiefly 
to the fact that the lower 
rooms are articulated with 
the hall, while in the sec- 
ond floor they open on to 
lengthy corridors, the 
chief of which are ar- 
ranged at right angles to 
each other. There is a 
longer, freer vista above 
than there is below, and 
the house that seemed 
modest enough in size be- 
low develops into a man- 
sion of the first rank in 
second story. The 

triple division that ob- 
tained below is preserved above. One wing serves as a 
guest wing; another is for the use of the family; and the 
third is for the servants. The bedrooms are everywhere 
charming, with their ample exposures and pretty wall papers, 
most of which have an old-time suggestiveness, but which 
are everywhere decorative in a very delightful way. 

“Red Oaks” is so new a property that the ultimate de- 
velopment of the landscape is yet to be done. Even after 
three short years of growth there are many evidences of 
permanent improvements. ‘The house has, as it were, so 
settled down that one who did not know the land before its 
walls were raised, can not picture to his mind the site without 
it. The planting near and around the house is ample and 
well grown. The old apple orchard has been recovered 
from the damage that time brings to apple orchards every- 
where, and is surely as good as new, if not better; for the 
trees are of lusty growth, and the evidences of disease and 
decay have been carefully removed. The grass here, be- 
yond the house, is beautifully kept, with a rock or two jutting 
up above its surface that the under world may be better kept 
in touch with the miracles the modern architect can create. 


July, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


261 


The dining-room is wood-paneled and has a handsome mantel of black and white marble 


The entrance drive debouches into a great circle beyond 
the house—arranged for the return of conveyances—and the 
low stone wall is, within, ablaze with bloom, the simple 
lovely old flowers that seem the only kind to grow in a place 
of this sort, and which are so gently, yet so completely, in 
harmony with the architect’s design. Beyond are the woods, 
wild and woody as every nature-left wood must be. The 
roadway, that at first is quite new, speedily loses its fresh- 


ness and becomes a dim old country road, that winds 
around and through the woods, and which brings you to 
places quite unexpectedly remote from the house and civiliza- 
tion. ‘There are grand old trees in this wood, and many 
lesser ones, and quite down on the ground that delightful 
riot of little things that abound in woods and nowhere else. 
It is a charming place, and a finer inner screen to the delight- 
ful house Mr. Carrére has built for his own use. 


The Wild Mushrooms 


By Benjamin W. Douglass 


fii HEN the first wet wind of early spring 

_ blows through the March woods and coaxes 
into activity the live things which have 
lain dormant on the bosom of the earth 
all winter, the mushroom lover is sure to 
be about, tramping the woods in search of 
early specimens of his favorite delicacy. 
And from that time on until late in autumn 
he will find many treasures in field and 
forest which he will carry home to his own 
banquet board—for the mushroom hunter is essentially an 
epicure. 

From the pussy-willow days till the frosts of Indian sum- 
mer there is a long season, during which the native mush- 
rooms may be found and gathered, and, to one who really 
likes mushrooms (and this is essential), there is no more 
fascinating branch of nature study. ‘There is something 
primitive about going direct to nature to get something to 
eat. It touches a chord deep down somewhere in our being 
which has not been touched since our ancestors wrenched 


their living from the earth by main force, perhaps with a 
rifle in early America—or perhaps with a stone axe in early 
Europe. It is this rudimentary independence which makes 
most normal men like to hunt and not adverse to killing. 
For the novice at mushroom hunting the genus Morchella, 
to which belongs the common sponge mushroom, will possess 
the greatest interest. The morels are among the first of 
the edible fungi to make their appearance in the early spring. 
The first member of the genus to appear is probably the 
“‘half-free” morel (Morchella semilibra). It is tall-grow- 
ing, bearing a rather small cap at the top of a slender stem. 
Like all other members of the genus this morel is edible, 
but is not so highly prized as the Morchella esculenta and 
Morchella conica, which come a little later in the season— 
though still early. These two later types differ in shape and 
size. Both are short-stalked forms, but the latter species 
bears a cap much elongated. I have found immense speci- 
mens of this mushroom which measured nearly ten inches in 
length. Morchella esculenta has a rounded, compact cap, 
much smaller than Morchella conica. In spite of its name I 


could never see that it 
was any better to eat 
than its relatives. 

All of the morels 
are distinctly spring 
forms, and I do not 
remember ever having 
found them after, per- 
haps, the first of June. 

Last season, while 
looking for morels in 
a favorite woods I 
found for the first time 
the large Gyromitra 
brunnea. This is con- 
sidered a rather rare 
form, and I was inter- 
ested in investigating 
it, for it is one of the 
mushrooms about 
whose edibility the 
doctors do not always 
agree. It is a mush- 
room of unusual but 
pleasing appearance. 
The stem was white in 
color, short and thick, 
about two inches in di- 
ameter, and of an ir- 
regular shape in cross- 
section. The top or cap was much expanded, and foliated, 
though not pitted as are the caps of the morels. In some 
specimens the cap measured seven or eight inches in height, 
and as much across, and was of a dark reddish color. In 
texture they were similar to the morels, but seemed crisper 
and more “meaty.” They grew in a row down an old and 
much decayed log, and there was evidence of a previous 
crop the same season. This would indicate that this is a 
rather early form, as at the time of which I am writing the 
Morchella semilibra had not entirely disappeared. 

I ate a few bits of the fungus raw, and was pleased with 
its fresh, nutty flavor. A friend who is an enthusiastic 
mushroom hunter told me that he had eaten this same Gyro- 
mitra (which he called the lake-colored morel) several years 
ago, so I decided to try some of the specimens after cooking. 
After very carefully washing them inside and out with salt 
water, I cooked the tops for ten minutes in milk, and then 
thickened them with a bit of flour. The result was a dish of 
the finest mushrooms that I have ever tasted. They were 


Morchella conica 
The largest of the morels 


A common edible puffball 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 


1909 


so good that the entire 
family ate much more 
than a normal quantity 
with no other ill effect 
than an_ unsatisfiable 
desire for more. Cases 
of “poisoning” attrib- 
uted to this mushroom 
are doubtless traceable 
to the fact that the 
tops afford hiding 
places for many smal) 
insects which could 
readily be overlooked 
unless special care is 
taken in their prepara- 
tion. For this very 
reason the cooking of 
mushrooms of all sorts 
is a task with which 
the ordinary cook 
should never be 
trusted. The proper 
preparation of any 
fungus for cooking 
requires care and pa- 
tience. It can not be ga 
done hurriedly and ee 
done well, and many _— 
cases of sickness fol- 
lowing the eating of 
mushrooms can doubt- 
less be traced to carelessness on the part of the cook. 
Another class of mushrooms with which a novice can readily 
and safely become acquainted is that commonly known as 
the ink caps. These toadstools belong to the genus Coprinus, 
and they are all edible, though some are more palatable than 
others. All of them are characterized by having hollow 
stems and black gills and spores. ‘The gills are the fragile 
perpendicular plates suspended from the under side of the 
cap, and in this genus the gills and spores which they contain 
deliquesce with age, turning to an inky mass. This gives 
them the common name of ink cap. In the condition of deli- 
quescence the toadstools are, of course, inedible and uninvit- 
ing, but when they are found soon after coming up they are 
both pleasing to look at and fine to eat. All members of the 
genus should be cooked at once. 

The gray Coprinus grows on dead stumps and logs in 
moist weather, and is one of the choicest members of the 


Morchella_ bispora 
Often associated with M. semilibra 


Morchella semilibra, or “half-free” morel 


Showing under side of gills of 
gray Coprinus 


genus. The brown Coprinus (Coprinus micaceus) is the 
commonest form we have, and is to be found on lawns 
around old trees and on decaying stumps from early spring 
till October. It is an exceedingly prolific plant after a 
shower, and great quantities of the delicate caps may be 
gathered along almost any city street. They usually occur 
at the base of trees or on lawns where trees have recently 
been removed. Growing in great 
clusters they usually last but a day, 
and must be gathered fresh and 
cooked at the earliest possible op- 
portunity. So handled they are 
one of the best mushrooms I have 
ever tasted. 

Coprinus comatus — This the 
“horsetail” mushroom is the larg- 
est member of the Coprinus 
group. The cap, which is scaly, 
is much elongated and drooping 
when young, but as it grows older 
it expands and the edges curve 
upward. It will be found grow- 
ing to a height of several inches, 
and is most common in rich pasture lands. When young the 
gills are a pinkish white, soon changing to purple and then 
black—like all of the members of the genus. 

The puffballs, those curious balloon-shaped fungi, with 
which we are all familiar, form a large family, every mem- 
ber of which is said to 
be edible. This broad 
statement, however, is 
one not to be depended 
upon too implicitly, 
for many members of 
the genus have been 
but little studied, and 
there is practically no 
data on which to base 
a determination of 
their character. All of 
the forms which have 
been eaten have proved 
to be good, though 
some are more highly 
prized than others. 

The gigantic puff- 
ball, a form measuring 
up to eighteen inches 

Agaricus sp. Common in lawns; in diameter, is re- 
locally known as the “pink”,"mushroom garded as one of the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Gray Coprinus 


Plate of “toadstools” ready to cook 


263 


Gyromitra brunnea, sometimes called 
“lake-colored morel” 


best, though I think no better than the common meadow 
puftball (Lycoperdon cyathiforme), which grows to a di- 
ameter of six inches and is one of the commonest kinds. 
No puftballs should be eaten after the interior has started 
to turn dark. When cut it should show perfectly white and 
be firm enough to cut like a loaf of good bread. If its con- 
dition is otherwise it should be avoided. 

There are several simple ways 
of cooking mushrooms which can 
be applied to almost any variety. 
All members of the Coprinus 
group are good fried in butter, 
though they usually lose more in 
bulk than do other forms. I like 
the morels made into a batter and 
fried in small cakes, while. the 
puffballs can be sliced, dipped in 
egg and fried in much the same 
manner as French toast. Any of 
the mushrooms may be cooked in 
milk till they are tender (ten to 
twenty minutes), and then 
creamed by the addition of a little 
flour. The Coprinus family is also very adaptable to escal- 
loping, and should be treated exactly as you would treat 
oysters. 

The mushroom of commerce (Agaricus campester) grows 
native over a great portion of the country, and is the most 
highly prized of all of the edible fungi. It grows in pas- 
tures and on rich lawns, but never in the deep shade. 

In getting this mushroom care should be used to avoid 
specimens of the exceedingly poisonous Amanita which it 
somewhat resembles. It can always be separated from the 
poisonous form by re-  __ 
membering that the ~ 
gills of Agaricus vary 
in color from a pink to 
a dark brown, while 
the Amanita has gills 
uniformly white. 

In some localities 
this mushroom, or one 
of its varieties, is ex- 
tensively grown for 
the market. Asarule | 
they are to be had in 
the markets and stores 
of most of our large 
cities throughout the 
entire year. 


SAIN. ERA Sh 


Characteristic structure of Coprinus 


264 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


AGE NE needs not be discouraged if one finds 
Ka, oneself the possessor of a house far out 
of date and of bad architecture, for an old 
house is by no means hopeless unless it is 
absolutely decayed. If one has taste he 
can transform it into something that will 
represent his own ideas as to what he likes 
in the way of a house, and at the same time express his own 
individuality. 

This house was built some one hundred and fifty years 
ago by the present owner’s grandfather, and it may be of 
interest to mention the fact that General Washington spent 
one night in it when on his way to Valley Forge. 

When Mr. Moro Philips took possession of this little 
house it consisted of a single stone building, with several 
additions extending at the rear, as was the custom of the 
Pennsylvania farmer’s house. 

The type was one 
that is frequently seen 
along the rural high- 
ways of Pennsylva- 
nia, but fortunately 
of such a character 
that the form of the 
house could be main- 
tained. It was too 
good to tear down, 
and when Mr. 
Philips saw its possi- 
bilities for transfor- 
mation he decided to 
turn it into a modern 
dwelling. 

The suggestion pre- 
sented to express this 
scheme was to cover 
the entire building 
with stucco, and treat 
the whole with a 
white cement wash. 
The blinds were 
painted an apple- 
green. The roof was 
reshingled and 
stained a gray-green. 
The piazza was ex- 
tended across the 
front and around the 
side of the house, 
which not only gave 
extra outdoor living 


A Reclaimed Dwelling 


By Paul Thurston 


How a Farmhouse at Stokes Pogis, Villa Nova, Pa., Was Reclaimed and Transformed 
into a Habitable Dwelling 


space, but brought 
the lines of the house 
closer to the ground 
and added a pleasing 
feature to the general 


The house gate with its overhanging privet hedge 


character of the house. The interior was cleaned up, and 
the only addition which was found necessary was the kitchen 
built at the rear of the house, and the bathroom on the 
second floor. 

The entrance is directly into the living-room, which oc- 
cupies one end of the house. It is a pleasant room with a 
wall covering in plain yellow. Chintz curtains of ecru and 
old rose are hung at the doors and windows; the latter hay- 
ing softer draperies of muslin against the window panes. 
The room is furnished with antique furniture and the great 
chairs on each side of the reading-table are upholstered in 
chintz to match the draperies. The fireplace is built of red 
brick laid in white mortar, while the mantel is painted white, 
the same as the trim. 

From the living-room a door opens into the dining-room, 
which is furnished in a unique manner. The color scheme 
is lilac-green and white. A lilac-green and white-striped 
paper is placed on the 
walls, while the trim- 
mings and all the 
woodwork and furni- 
ture are painted 
a lilac-green. The 
chintz curtains of 
lilac and white are 
hung over softer ones 
of white muslin. A 
closet was built in 
the corner and an- 
other at the side of 
the room, the latter 
having open shelves, 
to hold old blue 
china and Colonial 
glass. The dining- 
table was a relic of 
the black walnut 
period and was resur- 
rected from the attic 
of the old manor 
house known as “‘Ar- 
rowsmith.” This 
table, together with 
the simple wooden 
chairs of Windsor 
pattern, were painted 
a lilac-green, in har- 
mony with the wood- 
work of the room. 
This makes a very 
interesting scheme 
for a simple dining- 
room, and is what one 
may have, if good 
taste is used for a 
few dollars’ expendi- 


Jely, AMERICAN 


1909 


An end of a bedroom 


ture. The French window, opening from the dining-room 
to the piazza, which is used in summer for tea, was built in 
place of the old wooden door which occupied the same place, 
and was the original entrance to the house. The change gives 
the dining-room a bright and cheerful appearance. 

The kitchen and laundry are furnished with all the best 
modern fixtures. The woodwork is painted a soft green 
tone, while the walls are painted a lighter shade. 

The stairs to the second story rise from the dining-room. 
The second story contains the owner’s room, which is finished 
in old rose, with furniture of the Empire period. Old rose 
silk draperies are hung at the windows, while a rug of old 
rose covers the floor. A door opens into the bathroom, 
which has a tiled floor and wainscoting, and is furnished 
with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. 
The bathroom is also reached from the hall, and is within 
easy access of the guest room on this floor, which is finished 
with pale gray painted trim and delft blue. Blue silk hang- 
ings are hung at the windows. 


Dining Roare 
YT 


PrazzrP 


_5 


Jies7 [LOooR. 


AND GARDENS 265 


LO} 
DATH- 


Clo. 


Per 


Wotkhe 


OnneRs Koore 


(2X12 GuesT KOosre. i 


G9 XIZ. | 


CFCOND Vis OO0Z. 


There is an old fireplace in the upstairs hall and a deep- 
shelved window-seat. 

The servant’s room is in the attic, and it is supplied with 
hot and cold water, which is a very necessary detail when 
economy of space has to be thought of. 

The old picket gateway, with its overhanging privet 
hedge extending in either direction from it, gives a certain 
amount of privacy to the house, which is quite close to the 
road. 

The garden is reached from the main porch of the house. 
It is simply an old-fashioned flower garden. There are 
walks through and across it, forming square and oblong beds, 
in which are a profusion of flowers that bloom throughout 
the season. Beyond the flower garden, and connecting with it, 
are the vegetable and kitchen gardens. ‘The old house, with 
its setting of fine old trees and shrubs, need not be con- 
sidered as a “back number”’ on account of age, or as unsuited 
to readaptation to modern requirements, but it must be of 
such a character as to warrant the installing of all the con- 


The house was stuccoed and covered with white cement wash 


266 


veniences adapted to 
modern needs, and 
this Mr. Philip has 
very ably demon- 
strated in the re- 
claiming of this old 
house. The artistic 
and building charm 
of an old house has 
an undeniable qual- 
ity of attractive fea- 
tures which a home 
of more spacious 
style and more costly 
does not possess. It 
is this distinction of 
old age that arouses 
one’s admiration, 
and no building can 
acquire this fine 
characteristic save 
by age itself. 

The seeming su- 
periority of the new 
house is apt to be 
thoroughly sup er- 
ficial); as it 1s on a 
foundation by no 
means too extensive. 
Much of this veneer 
can be applied to an 
old house, which 
may thus obtain the 
combined advan- 
tages of the beauty 
of old age with the 
excellence of mod- 
ern — convenience, 
which are to be well 
considered, for no 
building is a fit habi- 
tation that fails to 
meet the personal 
requirements of its 
owner. The present 
mode of living and 
the methods of 
housekeeping which 
are now in vogue are 
so thoroughly dif- 
ferent from those 
prevailing a century 


ago, that by only a complete renovation can an old house be 
This, however, need be neither 
an outward nor a radical renovation, but simply one that 


adapted to modern needs. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The living-room is furnished with antique furniture 


The dining-room is treated with lilac-green and white 


brings a long-used house up to date, and in a manner that will _ setting of old trees. 


July, 1909 


meet all the present- 
day requirements. 

The most enthusi- 
astic charactefistic 
of the man who te- 
models an old house 
into a livable one is 
reflected in the pleas- 
ure he has had in 
transforming it ac- 
cording to his own 
fancy, and _ seeing 
how cheaply and 
economically it can 
be done. 

A few years ago 
an old house such as 
this was considered 
to be past redemp- 
tion, but the rapid 
increase in the cost 
of building ma- 
terials, and the 
higher wage for the 
building mechanics, 
have been the cause 
of developing every 
possible means by 
which a home may 
be obtained at a 
small cost. 

To those eco- 
nomically inclined, 
the thought occurred 
some time ago that 
an old house, valued 
by the owner at a 
nominal price, could 
be transformed into 
something more 
beautiful, and at a 
very small expense. 
These ideas have 
been published in 
the various maga- 
zines, AMERICAN 
HoMEs AND GAR- 
DENS included; so 
that to-day there are 
many old _ houses, 
especially old farm- 
houses, while of no 


use in their present state of delapidation, that have become 
very attractive to the country home-seeker, and especially so 
when they are surrounded, as in present case, by a splendid 


July, 


1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 26 


~I 


Curtains for the Summer Home 


By Gertrude M. Walbran 


§ NE of the most difficult problems which 
confronts every housewife at one time or 
another is the curtaining of the windows of 
her home. 

To be sure, if one has a full purse, the 
solution is rendered somewhat easier, but 
even then the task of getting curtains which 
are practical, attractive and harmonious with the other fur- 
nishings is by no means light. 

The gospel of individuality, in both house-building and 
house-furnishing, is being listened to by an ever-widening 
circle of home-makers, and to-day we need not feel obliged 
to have Irish, Arabian or Renaissance lace curtains—as the 
case may be—at our windows, because our neighbor across 
the way considers them correct. 

In choosing materials for summer curtains one should 
avoid any fabric which suggests warmth, either in color or 
weight, turning rather to those materials which are cool and 
restful. 

Many women, seeking something new, overlook the possi- 
bilities which lie in the use of well-known materials, and fail 
to realize that there are any number of pretty and inexpen- 
sive curtains which can be made by any one willing to de- 
vote a little time and thought to the matter. 

First on the list, because of its cheapness, comes scrim. 
This material can be purchased at prices varying from nine- 
teen to sixty cents a yard, and is forty or forty-two inches 
wide. It comes in white, ecru or natural color and in three 
weights, either the fine or medium weight being desirable 
for curtains. 

For very sunny or light rooms one could not choose a more 
suitable fabric, for while sufficiently transparent it is heavy 
enough to subdue the strong light. The two sections of 
scrim curtains shown in the first and second illustrations are 


ED MEL 


|—Lines of hemstitching forming squares, breaks up the plain surface 
of the scrim in pleasing fashion 


delightfully simple, the one showing the open cross-bars en- 
tailing a bit more work than the second design. 

Each curtain has a two-inch hem put in with a row of 
hemstitching, for which three threads are drawn. The cross- 
bar lines form blocks three and one-half inches square, and 
in pulling the threads for these squares it will be found 
helpful to mark the exact size—three and one-half inches— 
on a strip of thin cardboard and use this as a measure. 
Pull one thread at the three-and-one-half-inch line, then skip 
two threads and pull one more, continuing in this way until 
all the threads are drawn. Be very careful that none of the 
threads are pulled beyond the hem, for the latter should be 
plain (see illustration). 

The cross-bar lines are fagoted rather than hemstitched, 
the work being done over the bar of two threads which 
separates each open space. Hold the material right side up 
and, after fastening the thread, pass the needle to the left 
around three threads above the bar, then around three 
threads below, continuing in this way to the end of the line. 

If the windows are narrow the entire width of the scrim 
will not be required, for the curtains are prettier when 
somewhat scant. “The material that is cut off at one side can 
be used to supply the threads for the hemstitching and fagot- 
ing, thus insuring a perfect match. 

The second curtain shows a border inside the hem, formed 
of groups of one-and-three-quarter-inch squares, three in 
each group. The squares are placed one and one-quarter 
inches inside the hemstitching, a one-half-inch space being 
left between each square, and five and one-half inches be- 
tween each group. 

In drawing the threads for the squares, begin with the 
center square in the corner of the curtain, being careful that 
the measurements are correct before cutting the threads. 
Cut a little inside the line, otherwise the threads at the 


2—A simple scrim curtain, having an inner border of small hemstitched 
squares worked in groups of three 


268 


AMERICAN 


3—A filet-net curtain, showing a conventional border broken at regular 
intervals by little tree-like figures 


corners can not be buttonholed over, and unless this is done 
the squares can not be neatly finished. Draw two threads 
around each square and hemstitch on the wrong side, button- 
holing over the corners and trimming off the threads after 
the square is finished. 

Filet net forms the curtains shown in illustrations three 
and four. ‘This material is also inexpensive, costing from 
69 cents to $1.60 a yard, and varying in width from thirty- 
four to sixty inches. It can be bought in white or ecru, the 
latter being chosen for the curtains illustrated. 

Most of us have seen pieces of the darned net which was 


5— Curtain fabrics of irrergular weave such as this Sicilian tracery 
are artistic and also inexpensive 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 


1909 


4—A running border which is easy to copy. The darning may be 


done in white or color 


such a popular type of embroidery in our grandmothers’ 
day, and these filet curtains make good use of this old- 
fashioned ’stitchery. Nothing could be more attractive than 
the conventional border, broken at regular intervals by the lit- 
tle tree-like figures, of the one curtain, or the simple running 
design, with the darning-needle in the corner, of the other. 

The inability to draw need not deter one from undertak- 
ing to work out an original design, for one has only to ex- 
periment with a bit of net and threaded needle to be con- 
vinced that an endless number of patterns will suggest them- 
selves after a few trials. 


6—Made of wood-brown pongee, the two-inch hem couched down 
with coarse embroidery silk 


July, 


Use a loosely twisted cotton floss in rope size for the 
darning, and in beginning a thread do not make a knot. In- 
stead, take a couple of back-stitches on the wrong side several 
stitches back of the hole in which the last thread ended; 
then bring the new thread up in the next space and clip off 
any superfluous ends. 

The hems on the net curtains are one and three-quarter 
inches wide, the narrow borders about one-half an inch, and 
the inside bands or borders about one and three-quarter 
inches wide, one inch being left between the two borders. 

Curtains of this stripe are preferably hung next to the 
glass, and should be rather scant in order to successfully show 
the worked pattern. Where the woodwork is painted white, 
it may be preferable to use white net, and if desired the 
design may be carried out with colored floss to harmonize 
with the coloring of the room. 

The fifth curtain is made of thin, rough-finished silk 


1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


269 


pongee which can be purchased at the dress silk counter in 
widths varying from twenty to twenty-seven inches at from 
thirty-nine to seventy-five cents per yard. If a wider silk 
is required we must turn to the upholstery department, and, 
of course, pay a higher price. 

The hem—two inches wide—is held in place by a line of 
couching, four threads of rope silk, the same shade as the 
curtain, being couched down with a dark thread. In order 
to cover up the stitches on the wrong side of the curtain, 
work a second row of couching on this side, taking the 
stitches so that they come underneath the outer line of couch- 
ing and are thus invisible. 

A most effective cotton material called Sicilian tracery, 
forty inches wide and costing ninety cents a yard, is used 
for the sixth curtain. It comes in but two colors, cream- 
white and a very light blue, and it is in itself so attractive 
that it requires no other finish than a plain hem. 


The Healthiest House in the World 


By W. A. Du Puy 


=) HE Tuberculosis Congress, at its meeting 
Ae Se “9 last fall in Washington, awarded a prize 
ISS SAYT «for the plan submitted for a house which 
offered most conveniences as an abiding 
place for men, and at the same time least 
attractions as a breeding-place for germs. 
The prize plan for this healthiest house 
was submitted by Milton Dana Morrill, of Washington, a 
young architect who has ; 
studied much at home and 
abroad upon the plan for 
housing the industrial 
classes in a sanitary manner, 
and at the same_ time 
cheaply. 

Plans are going forward 
for the erection of the prize 
house in duplicate adjacent 
to many of the cities that it 
may stand as an object les- 
son. The house is of con- 
crete throughout, and is to 
be molded. It has six rooms 
on two floors, and in addi- 
tion a roof-garden. It will 
cost, after the molds have 
been made, $1,200. While 
primarily designed with the 
idea of offering a favorable 
place for the residence of 
those affected with tubercu- 
losis it will be offered when 
completed as an ideal living 
place for those who are well 
and desire to remain so. In 
addition to which it proffers 
at a minimum price such un- 


nomical. ‘The walls are broken front, back and side, by 
porches. There are three rooms on the ground floor besides 
the reception hall. The living-room is 11 feet 8 inches by 
15 feet 2 inches; the dining-room is 11 feet 8 inches by 15 
feet, and the kitchen is 8 feet 6 inches by g feet. Upstairs 
there are three similar rooms as sleeping apartments, with the 
bath instead of the reception hall. 

The house has the pebble-dash effect on the outside, and 
is as smooth inside as con- 
crete can be made. There 
is no paint and papering. 
The window-frames are of 
iron, as are the shelves and 
moldings. The whole when 
it hardens is one solid stone 
and absolutely imperishable. 
Neither fire nor time will 
affect it, and repairs will 
never be necessary, as paint 
and paper do not enter into 
it. ‘The floors are of a wa- 
terproof composition. 
There is not a corner in the 
house, as the intersections of 
all walls and of these with 
the floor and ceilings are 
curved so as to offer an 
oval which harbors no dirt. 

The intent is to use rugs 
on the floors, as carpets are 
the greatest breeders of dis- 
ease. hese, together with 
the furniture, may be 
shifted from a room, and it 
may be entered with a hose 
and flushed thoroughly, as 


tt C = 


usual conveniences as are in- 
cluded not even in the 
houses of the wealthy. 

The house is almost box- 
like in appearance, this 
form offering the greatest 
amount of space with the 


CHAMBER 
118” x 14/2" 


there is nothing which wa- 
ter will injure. Soap anda 
scrubbing-brush may _ be 
added upon occasion, and 
the whole completely 
scoured. The floor tips 
| slightly, and there is a pipe 
| arranged for the carrying 


| Bae 
|| ROOF GARDEN | i | 


| | | coat | 
} HOLE || 
ois 


CHAMBER 
'0" x 11/9" | 


| | COMPARTMENTS FOR 
OUT OF DOOR SLEEPING 


least amount of wall, and 
being, therefore, most eco- 


at 
First Floor P 


Second Floor Plan 


off of the water. 


RoehiGarden The roof-garden consists 


270 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


of a sun-parlor, with awnings all round it. Beneath these 
latter, screens may separate the sleeping apartments of the 
various residents, and the open-air treatment may be taken 
in accordance with taste. 

The combination of convenience and economy is, per- 
haps, the strongest feature of the house next to cleanliness. 
The stove, for instance, marks a great stride in progress. 
It is intended as a combination coal- and gas-range, water- 
heater and hot-air furnace. It is argued that it does away 
with the expensive necessity of a cellar in which to keep 
the furnace, and with the need of maintaining this latter. 
The stove is cast in the house when it is molded. ‘The cast- 
iron for the fire-box, and the necessary ovens and eyes are 
put in place before the house is cast. About this fire-box is 
left an air-chamber, and about this is a jacket of the con- 
crete. ‘his latter being a non-conductor tends to keep the 
heat in that it may serve its purpose and to keep the kitchen 
cool. Air from the outside is brought through this air- 
chamber, heated and carried to all the rooms performing the 
duty of a furnace. Gas is carried into the range, and when 
summer comes on it may be used in place of the coal, and 
the whole converted into a gas-range. The ashes from the 
range shift automatically into a pan which can be reached 
from the outside and require no handling inside the house. 

The ice-box is built into the wall of the house, and has a 
double front. One of these is on the back porch, and the ice- 
man may deliver his load without coming into the kitchen. 
The other is in the kitchen, and through it the housewife 


may reach her refrigerated supplies. The outside doors may 
be removed in the winter and the compartment changed into 
a cold-air chamber, protected on the outside by only screens, 
and doing away with the necessity for ice. The garbage can 
also has a similar chamber, which can be reached by the 
garbage man on the one side or the housewife on the other. 
The principle is also applied to a china-closet which opens 
into the kitchen on the one side where the dishes are washed, 
and the dining-room on the other side where they are used. 
This double closet saves carrying the dishes both ways. 

The house has more conveniences than can be readily 
enumerated. The stairway, for instance, has a landing be- 
tween the reception-hall and the kitchen, and may be reached 
from either side of the house without entering the other side. 
The coal is hoisted by a simple device to the roof, where it 
is placed in a pocket, from which it automatically distributes 
itself throughout the house, and the only thing necessary 
in feeding a given fire is to work a lever. 

All these conveniences are offered in a workingman’s house 
for $1,200, half what it would cost to build as good a house, 
minus the cleanliness and convenience, of brick. ‘There is 
never any necessity of carrying insurance, no repairs can 
be necessary, there is no wear or decay. Its design and the 
demonstration of its possibilities but mark the drift toward 
concrete as a building material, and some of the unneces- 
sary follies and inconveniences of the present methods of 
building. 


Tnumming Old Trees 


By E. P. Powell 


eI NS we ard is right away. ‘There is no aeeaul 

a z} month when trimming an old tree is pecu- 
, liarly advantageous. I will do it in winter 
if that is the more convenient time, or in 
%) spring, or in autumn, and just as well in 
~ mid-summer—whenever I can give it the 
most time and care. ‘The only proviso is that the cuts be 
made so as to shed water, and then painted over; and the 
small ones might be waxed. 

Begin with the smaller suckers, and remove these entirely 
from the body and the limbs. This will give you a chance 
to see your work; then cut the dead wood out tidily. Now 
walk around your tree and study it, and do this several times, 
until you have well in mind the proportions that you can give 
it. As far as possible make your cuttings balance—remov- 
ing large sucker limbs, but leaving a few of the best. By 
best [ mean the most vital, and those placed where they 
can replace the big dead ones. Understand, all the time, 
that these big limbs would not have died if these suckers had 
not been allowed to grow. Do not get in a hurry, but go 
around your tree and over it again and again, until you have 
reduced the growth to five or six of what I am calling 
suckers, but which after this are to be your main limbs. In 
some cases you can save only two or three, or possibly even 
one good stout sucker to replace the old top. Of course, if 
the tree you are handling is not so far gone as I am assum- 
ing, you will cut less; but at all events you will remove all 
the small twigs and the dead limbs. 

After this you are to see that no new shoots get an ounce 
of the life-blood of that tree, or an inch of growth. In the 
course of three or four years you will have a revitalized tree, 
ready to yield you considerable fruit. If the main trunk has 
become badly decayed, tin over the wound to keep out rains, 


and you still may reconstruct your tree for a few years. 

An old pear tree is more brittle, but a single shoot is more 
likely to make a new top; or at least to bear enough to pay 
for its ground room. I have an old seckel that gives me 
bushels of fruit, although it looks like one of Napoleon’s 
marshals, very stiff and very old and very erect. These old 
pear trees can sometimes be reconstructed from the bottom, 
if a good stout sucker or shoot can be selected, and trained 
up for a while; after which cut away the old tree. I have an 
Anjou of this sort, and an Onondaga. Some varieties are 
much better than others to rebuild. At least I would not go 
through an old pear orchard and grub it out unless it had 
gone very far into decadence. 

The best thing to do with old plums is to cut them down 
and start new ones. ‘The fruit, unless it be from a green 
gage, does not get size and sweetness. You can grow a new 
plum or cherry orchard in two or three years, and bring it 
into full bearing in four. Plums and cherries, as a rule, are 
short-lived, and will not pay for much fussing. A sucker, 
understand, in all cases is a shoot, on either limb or body of 
the tree, that makes new wood at the expense of the true 
limbs. It must not be mistaken for bearing spurs, which, as 
a rule, are stubbed, while the sucker is a slim shoot at the 
outset. Trees are provided with an immense number of 
dormant buds, and these will always be breaking loose into 
twigs, and must be watched for and removed at once. Na- 
ture has them ready for contingencies, but you must deter- 
mine when the contingency arises. An apple orchard, planted 
and fed as it should be, should last in good shape for eighty 
to one hundred years. I have three apple trees that are one 
hundred and twelve years old. Pear trees grown as they 
should be will last even longer. Ten years is long enough 
for a plum tree, although you can keep a green gage in good 
bearing shape for twenty. 


July, 


1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


271 


The Garden Gate 


By Ralph de Martin 


@e4 HY not? How else is a garden to be sepa- 

rated off from the other land, save by a 
fence or enclosure, and how entered if there 
be no gate by which it may be. entered? 
Imaginary boundaries have a certain well- 
defined impracticability in actual life—if 
this be the way in which the idea may be 
expressed—and a garden fence and, above all, a garden gate 
fills a real purpose that nothing else has done or ever will do. 
I love a garden gate because it is an impressive symbol that 
all within it is mine, even if I but rent the place; while with- 
out it must stay many persons and animals, some of which, I 
am frank to say, I do not like. 

But I am sure that if one were to collect garden gates the 
largest estate would not be able to hold them, much less 
stand them up erect as they should be to fulfil their natural 
purposes. On the whole, a good thing; for why should my 
garden gate be like my neighbor’s any more than my chairs, 
curtains, carpets and ornaments? So, first of all, we have 
the vastest individuality in the garden gate, a plentiful va- 
riety, a never-ending dissimilarity, a constant change and 
variety. Not all of those one sees in an afternoon’s walk will 
be of equal beauty and interest; but one may say the same 
of the people one passes, so why acquire more uniform good- 
ness in the gates that people make or which shut out their 
grounds, or lead the 
way into them, ac- 
cording as one does 
not know or does 


know the _ people 
whose gates one 
passes. 


Of one thing I 
am very sure, and 
that is that the most 
agreeable people 
live within the most 
agreeable gates. I 
know, of course, 
that very delightful 
people often live in 
the most singular 
wlaces, DP he-ve is 
Philadelphia, for 
example, or Brook- 
lyn —dear me— 
jammed to their ut- 
most limits with the 
most charming and 


delightful _ people, 
fenced within de- 
lightful gates, no 


doubt, but still liv- 
ing in very strange 
places. I know this, 
but still I feel very 
sure that a delight- 
ful gate is a true 
index to the delight- 
ful characteristics of 
the houses behind 
them. How else 
could they be de- 
lightful—the gates, 


A great arch built across the roadway 


I mean? At all events, if not a scientific test, it is, to me, a 
very good one, so good that I take it along on all my rambles, 
and invariably apply it at all times. I will confess that I 
regard its value as a test as most successful when I never 
see nor know the people to whom [ apply it. 

But I must not run along too fast, for sometimes quite 
forbidden gateways hem in and enclose the most charming 
places, which house the most charming people. There is a 
picture among my photographs of a stately country mansion 
enclosed within a frowning solid wall. The wall does not, 
of course, frown, for it is marked off with simple piers and 
relieved with tasteful panels. But I use the figure of speech 
as an available one; for the wall is severe and solid, with 
only one or two gateways, barred with gates of upright iron. 
It happened that when this photograph was taken and when 
I visited this house there were no vines upon the wall, no 
decorations or beautyments of any kind. And, if my rule of 
delightful gates for delightful places were a universal one, 
then I certainly should not have included this example in my 
illustrations. 

I refer to it to show how deceitful appearances may some- 
times be, and how reckless it may be to adopt cast-iron rules 
and apply them to every possible circumstance. This wall 
and gate are exactly the kind of wall and gate that are needed 
here, just the very structures I would get my most delightful 
friend to provide 
for his most delight- 
ful abiding place. 
This house, as it 
happens, is built 
close to the north 
shore of Massachu- 
setts Bay. The high- 
way runs so close to 
the boundary of the 
property that there 
is not room for so 
much as a sidewalk 
between the road 
and the wall. It is 
a narrow bit of 
land the house 
stands on, and it 
was manifestly ap- 
parent that a definite 
boundary between 
the home grounds 
within and the high- 
road without was 
urgently needed. 
And so it was built. 
Not a plain, ugly un- 
sightly wall, but one 
solid enough, it is 
true, and the gate- 
ways left open for 
passing glimpses of 
the remarkably in- 
teresting grounds 
within—as much as 
could be permitted, 
no more, no _ less. 
There are other 
fine gates shown. 


UU STS a? 


47" 


Gate in solid walls 


ica i 


| 


A Colonial gate 


Vine-covered gate-posts 


iceable 


imple and servi 


S 


rit te ee 
(SB Le st 
ye | : 


iendly seat 


A fr 


Gate and trellis 


1C 


a dozen practi 


The garden gate 


Open roadway with footpath gate 


A gate in a wall 


A monumental gateway 


1ve 


Simple designs are often effect 


IS cel 


aL) 


See ADCS 


How vines may help 


An unpretentious gate 


1gn 


d des 


. 


ing cost an 


xamples of vary 


gate in a wall 


Gate and trellis A friendl 
friendly seat 
How vines may help 


An unpretentious gate 


The garden gate: a d i 
g gate: a dozen practical examples of varying cost and design 


wo 
NS Ze NSE 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


Forest Conservation at Biltmore 


By Day Allen Willey 


River, is Biltmore estate in North Carolina. 
zi Here Mr. George W. Vanderbilt located 

about twenty years ago, and in addition to 
constructing a large chateau, modeled after 
those in the Loire Valley, he beautified the 
surroundings with an Italian garden and other features of 
landscape architecture. So much has been heard about this 
country seat that the importance of the woodland culture on 
the estate is comparatively little known. This, however, is 
very extensive, covering a large area of Mr. Vanderbilt’s 
lands which comprise about two hundred square miles, or 
one hundred and twenty-eight thousand acres, of the moun- 
tain country of western North Carolina. Such has been 
the progress of forestry here that the estate presents a most 
valuable and interesting object lesson in the preservation of 
the woodland, the care of the tree, the foresting of barren 
ground and systematic and economical lumbering. Conse- 
quently the fire which has recently destroyed a portion of the 
forests can be called a calamity, as it burned over no less 
than twelve thousand acres of woodland, including a large 
territory which had demonstrated the success of planting 
hitherto worthless land with valuable trees, such as the 
poplar. 

The forest in the neighborhood of Biltmore is on a broad 
plateau, having an elevation of two thousand three hundred 
feet, and is similar in composition to the forests of the upper 
portion of the Piedmont Plateau region, which abuts upon the 
Allegheny Mountains in the Southern States. The forest is 
characterized by scattering tall pines—short-leaf pine and 
pitch pine—and abundant hardwoods, in which white oak, 
yellow oak, Spanish oak and post oak are the prevailing 
species. Among the minor species, chestnut, black gum, 
pignut and mockernut hickories, are numerous in the ravines, 
while along the streams are river birch, red maple, sycamore, 
shingle oak and black walnut. 

In the mountainous portions of the estate, between the ele- 
vations of two thousand three hundred and five thousand 
feet, the forest is also made up of hardwoods, but different 
species predominate. The most common trees are: chest- 
nut, scarlet oak, white oak, tulip, chestnut oak,and red oak. 
The minor species, in order of their relative abundance, 
are: hickory, black gum, basswood, sourwood, black locust, 
butternut, ash, buckeye and hard maple. Short-leaf pine 
occurs frequently on the dry ridges, and along the streams 
there is considerable hemlock. White pine is occasional be- 
side the streams and in swamps. Between the altitudes of 
five thousand and six thousand feet the forest is usually com- 


posed of balsam and spruce. On the higher mountains of 
the estate the hardwood forest is dwarfed and stunted, and 
some of the mountain tops are entirely treeless. On the 
Biltmcre plateau and at the lower elevations in the moun- 
tains the abandoned field forest is usually composed of pine, 
while at the higher elevations in the mountains, it is chiefly 
a tulip forest. Within the boundaries of the Biltmore estate 
one may find forest conditions similar to those of the South- 
ern States, exclusive of the coastal pine belt, of the Middle 
Atlantic States and of the northern New England States. 

Consequently Biltmore presents opportunities for study- 
ing and experimenting with a forest growth of a great 
variety, since so many different kinds of trees are contained 
within its limits. 

It is an interesting fact that Gifford Pinchot, the present 
head of the National Forest Service, began his first impor- 
tant work at Biltmore and originated the system which has 
since been carried out. He was succeeded by Dr. Carlos 
Schenck, a forest expert of international reputation, who, 
aided by Dr. Claude Howe, has developed the work on 
broad lines, so that to-day Biltmore is undoubtedly the best 
illustration of forest conservation which can be found in 
America, although it is entirely independent of national 
control. The men employed in the various activities are 
almost entirely mountain whites of the South, but have been 
trained so that they may be considered experts in the various 
occupations. Many of them have homes in the forests, and 
practically devote all of their time to the work. This not 
only includes the clearing of the underbrush, the planting 
and cultivation of seed beds, but nursery work of every kind, 
such as transplanting seedling trees and packing them for 
transportation, as a branch of the industry is a nursery from 
which the annual output averages two million young trees of 
species suitable for ornamental purposes and forest growth. 
Such has been the success in nursery work here that the prod- 
ucts have been shipped to many portions of the United 
States; and the tree nurseries alone cover one hundred acres. 

Only about fifteen thousand acres of Biltmore consist of 
open or clear land, the balance being more or less wooded, 
while the variety of the trees available for lumber is so great 
that the forests form a most important source of revenue in 
this respect. The Pisgah forest, as it is called from being 
located upon the foothills of this mountain, contains sixty- 
eight thousand acres alone, but forms only a small section of 
the area suitable for lumbering. Therefore, the lumber indus- 
try is one of the most important and extensive at Biltmore, 
while the methods of work have been noted for the economy 
in time and labor saving, so that the expense of felling and 
getting out trees and converting them into commercial tim- 


July, 


1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Bridge building on the Biltmore estate 


ber has been very low in cost. This industry has been con- 
ducted along the most improved principles of forestry, care 
being taken only to select trees which, from their size and 
location, would interfere with the growth of younger trees. 
The dense thickets on many parts of the estate and the 
great area of woodland have rendered it necessary to cut 
down a very large quantity of first-growth timber in order 
to give space for second-growth timber and small trees. 

The lumbering system has required many miles of snaking 
roads—forest openings through which the logs could be 
hauled to the main road or to the mill. All of these have 
been built by the Biltmore employees, and are located upon 
grades wherever possible, so that the advantage of gravity 
can be taken in hauling logs from the woodland. Practi- 
cally all of this forest product is sawed into commercial tim- 
ber on the estate, as a large steam sawmill, also a planing- 
mill have been installed especially for this purpose. The 
income from timber alone has been so large that the plans 
carried out by the forester and his assistants have well re- 
paid the expense of the system in addition to the benefit to 
the younger forests, while a large area within this zone has 
been planted with young trees where none has before been 
grown. 


RG OR RI tI, 


The havoc wrought by fire in a forest 


Young foresters getting the value of logs 


Other features of the industry at Biltmore include the cut- 
ting of fire-;wood. Nearly three thousand cords of this fuel 
are sold yearly, coming from trees which are deemed value- 
less for commercial timber. ‘The cord-wood comes from a 
tract of eight thousand acres, so situated that the material 
can be readily hauled to Asheville and neighboring towns. 
Another source of revenue from the forests is bark from the 
chestnut oak, of which about fifteen hundred cords are 
secured yearly, supplying a plant which manufactures tannic 
acid. The growth of chestnut wood is such that the estate 
also furnishes fifteen hundred cords of this for making 
chestnut extract. In short, the income from the forest 
industry is so large that it more than balances the expense of 
caring for the woodland in spite of the large force of men 
needed. One of the principal items of revenue is lumber- 
ing, a large sawmill being located upon the estate to convert 
the timber into boards, planks and other building material. 

One of the most interesting features is the success which, 
as already stated, has been attained in foresting worthless 
land such as abandoned farms and clearings. This was 
taken up several years ago, and up to the present time about 
two thousand acres of abandoned fields within the Biltmore 
forest have been covered with forest plantations, and the 


A ruinous fungus growth 


276 


process is still be- 
ing carried on at 
the rate of one 
hundred acres 
planted yearly. 
The plantations 
are composed 
chiefly of white 
pine and_ short- 
leaf pine with a 
mixture of oak 
and hard maple. 
E x peri mental 
plantations of tu- 
lip, black walnut, 
black locust, ash 
and cherry have 
been made. ‘The 
young trees for 
the _ plantations 
are raised on the 
estate. 

In connection 
with the Biltmore 
forest service is a 
school of forestry 
which is open to young men of good character. It is the 
most important private forestry school in America. <A 
specialty is made of field-work, and the students play a most 
important part in measuring timber lands, lumbering, operat- 
ing the sawmill and the planing-mill, seeding and tree plant- 
ing, also in the nursery. All of this forms a portion of their 
out-door instruction while the lectures and study include a 
very complete course in sylviculture, the business of forestry, 
the quality and variety of the tree as well as so-called 
timber cruising and log and timber measurements. ‘This 
also embodies surveying in all its branches. A large mile- 
age of the lumber roads which have been constructed at 
Biltmore represent the surveys by the forest school. 

Again referring to the destruction by fire, it should be 
said that the spread of the flames was prevented only by 
the efforts of the mountaineers not only on the estate but 
in the vicinity who showed their friendship for the owner 
in this way. Three hundred men are employed at Bilt- 
more, and this force, with the students and the neighboring 
mountaineers, greatly assisted in extinguishing the fires, 


Digging trenches to check a forest fire 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Transporting bark from Biltmore forest to the tannery 


July, 


but one of the 
best sections of 
the woodland 
was entirely 
ruined, represent- 
ing a work which 
has been in prog- 
ress for the last 
twenty years. It 
is what is known 
in forestry as the 
regeneration of 
the poplar tree, 
and the success of 
the foresters had 
attracted  atten- 
tion to it through- 
out the United 
States. It must 
be said that the 
fire was the work 
of incendiaries, 
strange as it may 
seem. Although 
the object lesson 
which Mr. Van- 
derbilt has furnished the Southern people, and especially 
mountain folk, in his model farm, forests, dairy-work, and 
other features have been widely appreciated and have proved 
of much educational value to the South, he has had enemies 
like others who have tried to better their fellows. In pur- 
chasing lands to add to the estate he has at times been obliged 
to have the property appraised on account of the exorbitant 
price charged by the owner, and in this way has aroused 


1909 


A fire that started in burning 
pine stumps 


enmity in some quarters. It is be- 
lieved that the fires were started by 
persons of this class, and the van- 
dalism has aroused a strong feeling 
of indignation in the vicinity. 

Relative to this Biltmore disas- 
ter and the menace of fire to forests 
in general, Dr. Carlos Schenck, the 
chief forester of Biltmore, gives the 
following statement: 

‘Nothing can be more welcome to 


July, 1909 
me, at the pres- 
ent time, than 
public attention 
drawn to the 
needs of the for- 
est with refer- 
ence to forest 
fires. If you 
solve the prob- 
lem of forest 
fires you solve, 
at the same 
time, the prob. 
lem of Ameri- 
can forestry. 
Nature re-estab- 
lishes, with 
great force, a 
second growth 
wherever the 
first growth has 
been cut by the 
lumberman. No- 
where on earth, 
where forests 
now exist, is it 
possible to anni- 
hilate the forests without the help of either fire or the plow. 
Indeed, as soon as the plow stops work the forest returns. 

‘In western North Carolina incidents are frequent where 
abandoned fields have obtained an excellent second growth 
coming up from self-sown seeds, for the simple reason that 
the wooden fences surrounding the old fields were protected 
by the farmers from fire. Sylviculture in America is out of 
the question until forest fires are fully controlled. What is 
the use of the investments in second growth (sylvicultural 
investments) as long as these investments are almost sure to 
be destroyed by fires? The lethargy of the people with ref- 
erence to forest fires is somewhat amazing. Obviously, the 
suppression of forest fires means the establishment of a forest 
police, and the enactment of more stringent laws, similar 
to those preventing the firing of prairie lands. 

“As regards the species of trees destroyed by forest fires, 
I would state that the white pine and the hemlock are most 
sensitive. The long-leaf pine and the short-leaf pine are im- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Dr. Schenck, head forester at Biltmore, in one of the forests he has created 


277 


mune from a rel- 
atively early age 
on. Obviously, 
the hardwoods, 
which have the 
ability to sprout 
from the stump 
and to heal 
scars readily, are 
not so. easily 
damaged by fire 
as are the white 
pine and the 
hemlock; on the 
other hand, the 
hardwoods are 
more easily 
wounded and 
scarred. Whilst 
the softwoods 
are apt to be 
killed by fires, 
the hardwoods 
are apt to be in- 
jured for life, 
as through the 
scars inflicted by 
fires on the hardwood trees, fungi and insects enter into the 
bodies of the trees. “The smaller the tree, the more suscep- 
tible is it to damage or death from fires. Unfortunately, the 
more valuable species suffer the most from forest fires. 
“The area burned over on the Biltmore estate recently 
comprises twelve thousand acres. On this area all of the 
young growth, the product of fifteen years, has been anni- 
hilated, and among it some of the finest—perhaps the finest 
—yellow poplar (tulip tree) existing in the world. ‘The 
tulip tree seedlings are particularly sensitive, and when 
killed by fires are not in the habit of sprouting from the 
stumps, which quality is possessed by the chestnut, the locust 
and many other hardwoods. In the end, the fires were 
mainly checked by rain. ‘The flames were so widespread and 
the wind so fierce that human efforts alone could not have 
saved the forests. In battling against forest fires the first 
principle is to abandon the burning districts and to start back- 
fires from vantage points——clearings, brooks, farms or roads. 


ee gem 
%y 


i 

: 
4; 
¢ 
A 


<n 


Railroad building in a Biltmore forest 


Screen for young trees to be planted on Biltmore barrens 


278 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


Small Houses of Small Cost 
From $3,500 to $4,500 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


~<Sy HE increased cost of living and the higher were to be enclosed with four walls, and the whole covered 
J rentals are making it prohibitive for one with a roof, and this is as far as he was permitted to go. 
of modest means to live within the city To-day, the situation is quite different, for the vast amount 
limits. This is especially true if a man of literature which is being published on the subject of 
has a family of children, which he desires house-building has been the means of teaching the average 
to surround with a healthful and moral man that he has a right to express in the design of his home 
influence in order that they may grow up some of his individuality, and the architect selected by him 


to be useful and desirable citizens. is bound to respect his wishes and carry out, so far as is pos- 
The first question to be considered, however, is, Where sible, his ideas as to what he wants in the way of a house. 
shall one go to live? The suburb selected must be within The group of houses illustrated in this article were built 


communicating distance from the city; it must contain good at Scarsdale, N. Y., and are representative types of the best 
schools and churches; and above all, it must be sanitary and modern small houses. They are the work of Mr. William 
healthful. The site selected in a particular suburb should  S. Phillips, architect, of New York City. 

be within ten min- The first house 
utes’ walk of the (Figs. 1, 25.guame 
station. These two 4) was built for 
points disposed of, Mr. A. G. Cowle, 
the next question and is designed in _ 
is, What can we the English style. 
build for from The exterior is of 
three to five thou- rought gray stucco 
sand dollars? and brown stained 

A few years ago shingles. The bay © 

very little attention window and small 
was given to a lights, with their 
house costing this frames painted 
amount of money, white, are the 
and the man wish- chief characteristics 

ing to spend three, of the whole build- 
four or five thou- ing. They iorieu 
sand dollars was shows a_ central 
given very little hall, which is 
choice in the selec- trimmed with 
tion of the style of English oak. It ¥ 
house he was to has an ornamental 
have. The house staircase. The liv- 
was to contain so ing-room is also 
many rooms, which trimmed with Eng- 


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2.—The first and second floor plans of Mr. Cowle’s house are most convenient in their arrangement 


July, 


1909 


3—The dining-room is trimmed with oak and its walls are covered with tapestry paper finished with a plate-rack 


lish oak, and has a brick fireplace with cobbles for shelf. 
The dining-room has a fireplace with a craftsman mantel 
and tile facings and hearth. The walls are covered with a 
tapestry paper to the height of seven feet, at which point 
a plate-rack extends around the room. A bay window at 
the front forms a place for flowers. The kitchen and the 


service end of the house are most complete. The second floor: 


contains three _ bedrooms, 
sewing-room and two bath- 
rooms. The servants’ rooms 
and trunk room, are placed 
in the attic. The cellar con- 
tains a heating apparatus, 
fuel rooms and laundry. The 
bathroom is furnished with 
a tiled floor and imitation 
tiled wainscoting and porce- 
lain fixtures and _ exposed 
nickelplated plumbing. The 
woodwork of the second floor 
is painted white, and the 
walls are treated in one par- 
ticular color scheme. 

One of the most interest- 
ing houses in the group is 
that belonging to Mr. A. D. 
Smith (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
10, 11 and 12). The de- 
sign is distinctly English in 
character. The underpinning 
is built of rough fieldstone, 
while the superstructure is 
of stucco. Small lighted 
windows and a hooded 
entrance help carry out the 
effect sought. The gray of 
the stucco walls, the white- 
painted trim and the green- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279 


stained roof form a 
happy color scheme. 

The hall, reached from a 
vestibuled entrance-porch, is 
trimmed with cypress, fin- 
ished in an artistic manner, 
with a sufficient amount of 
brown stain to give it a soft 
effect, and at the same time 
preserve the grain of the 
wood. This hall leads di- 
rectly into the living-room 
and dining-room, and also 
open onto the living-porch at 
the side of the house. 

The living-room is trimmed 
with cypress, and has a large 
bay window at the side of the 
room, opposite the entrance, 
and another bay window at 
the front of the room pro- 
vided with a window seat. 
The fireplace has a craftsman 
mantel with tiled facings. 
Seats are built in on either 
side of the fireplace. The 
walls are covered with two- 
toned mustard-yellow wall 
covering. ‘The hangings are 
of greenish-yellow in tone, 
and the whole color scheme 
of the room is most effective and artistic. 

The dining-room has a French window opening on to the 
living-porch, and making it within easy access to the kitchen, 
so that it can be brought into service in summer for dining 
uses. The trim is of English oak, and the wall is covered 
with a green wall covering of an effective shade. The 
kitchen and pantry are fitted up complete. 


very 


aS 
a 


4—The craftsman fireplace and mantel is the chief feature of the dining-room 


280 


Small 
Houses 
of 
Small 
Cost 


5—Mr. Smith’s house is of English style 6—The living-room ba: 


The second floor contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, with imitation plaster tile 
walls, and porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. ‘The third floor contains 
one servant’s room and a trunk room. ‘The cellar contains a laundry, fuel room and heat- 
ing apparatus. 

Mr. J. de Morrini’s house (Figs. 13, 14 and 15) is constructed of stone for the under- 
pinning and stucco for the remainder of the building. The roof is shingled and stained 
red. The entrance to this house is directly into the living-room. The latter is trimmed 
with oak, and the important feature of the room is the inglenook with its open fireplace 
with tile facings and hearth, and its paneled seats on either side of the nook. 

The stairs lead up from the passageway between the living-room and the dining-room, 
and are of the mission style. The dining-room is of simple style, and is connected with 
the kitchen by the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up complete. 

The second story contains three bedrooms and a bathroom; the latter having a tiled 
floor and imitation tiled wainscoting, and is fitted up with porcelain fixtures and exposed 
nickelplated plumbing. A servants’ room and ample storage space are provided in the 
attic. ‘Che heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry are placed in the cellar. 

Mrs. Turner’s house (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) is also of the English style with the addi- 
tion of half-timber treatment. The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mor- 


-BUTLERY - Ses 


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“HALL - LIVING - Room * 


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10—French windows in the dining-room open on the living-porch 11—The hall shows a comp: 


> AND GARDENS ces 


Costing 
from 
$3,500 
to 


$4,500 


7—The living-porch is placed at the side of the house 


tar, while the remainder of the building is of rough plaster. ‘The trimmings are half 
timber-work, are stained a soft brown, and the shingled roof is stained with a moss-green 

The entrance opens into the hall, forming a recessed porch. It is trimmed and finished 
in a soft brown, and it has a craftsman staircase. 

The living-room is finished in a similar manner and has a beamed ceiling and an open 
fireplace with tiled facings and mantel. The dining-room has a plate-shelf holding old 
blue and white china. ‘The kitchen has a cement wainscoting and a complete equipment 
of fixtures. 

There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor; the latter is wainscoted 
with imitation tile in cement and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumb- 
ing. There is one servants’ room and a trunk room on the third floor, and the cellar con- 
tains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. 

The uppermost thought in the mind of the architect in designing these houses, was that 
there were many families, small in number, of refinement and good taste who wanted and 
would appreciate a house that was artistic and distinctive, and at the same time equipped 
with everything practical and complete in all the essentials which make modern housekeep- 


| ae es. a \ ee ing a pleasure when arranged with an idea of convenience. _A study of the plans of each 
\ of these houses will show that they have been arranged with this view. 


° CHAMBER © 


exit 


Reo 


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arrangement of stair space |12—The feature of the living-room is the craftsman fireplace 


280 


Small 
Houses 
of 
Small 
Cost 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


to 


Costing 


from 


$3,500 


$4,500 


fanna 
aN 


EIS 


5—Mr. Smith's house is of English style 


The second floor contains three bedrooms and a bathroom, with imitation plaster tile 
walls, and porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor contains 
one servant’s room and a trunk room. The cellar contains a laundry, fuel room and heat- 
ing apparatus. 

Mr. J. de Morrini’s house (Figs. 13, 14 and 15) is constructed of stone for the under- 
pinning and stucco for the remainder of the building. The roof is shingled and stained 
red. The entrance to this house is directly into the living-room. The latter is trimmed 
with oak, and the important feature of the room is the inglenook with its open fireplace 
with tile facings and hearth, and its paneled seats on either side of the nook. 

The stairs lead up from the passageway between the living-room and the dining-room, 
and are of the mission style. The dining-room is of simple style, and is connected with 
the kitchen by the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up complete 

The second story contains three bedrooms and a bathroom; the latter having a tiled 
floor and imitation tiled wainscoting, and is fitted up with porcelain fixtures and exposed 
nickelplated plumbing. A servants’ room and ample storage space are provided in the 
attic. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry are placed in the cellar. 

_ Mrs. Turner's house (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) is also of the English style with the addi- 
tion of half-timber treatment. The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mor- 


+ TIRST- FL@gR - PLA 


8—The house is entered through a vestibuled porch 


6—The living-room bay window has a paneled seat 


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9—The bedrooms are well arranged for light and air 


10—French windows in the dining-room open on the living-porch 


7—The living-porch is placed at the side of the house 


tar, while the remainder of the building is of rough plaster. The trimmings are half 
timber-work, are stained a soft brown, and the shingled roof is stained with a moss-green 

The entrance opens into the hall, forming a recessed porch. It is trimmed and finished 
in a soft brown, and it has a craftsman staircase. 

The living-room is finished in a similar manner and has a beamed ceiling and an open 
fireplace with tiled facings and mantel. The dining-room has a plate-shelf holding old 
blue white china. The kitchen has a cement wainscoting and a complete equipment 
of fixtures. 

There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor; the latter is wainscoted 
with imitation tile in cement and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumb- 
ing. There is one servants’ room and a trunk room on the third floor, and the cellar con- 
tains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and laundry. 

The uppermost thought in the mind of the architect in designing these houses, was that 
there were many families, small in number, of refinement and good taste who wanted and 
would appreciate a house that was artistic and distinctive, and at the same time equipped 
with everything practical and complete in all the essentials which make modern housekeep- 
ing a pleasure when arranged with an idea of convenience. A study of the plans of each 
of these houses will show that they have been arranged with this view. 


and 


11—The hall shows a compact arrangement of stair space 


12—The feature of the living-room is the craftsman fireplace 


282 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


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13—The living-room of Mr. Morrini’s house is entered direct from the porch 16—Mrs. Turner’s house has a pleasing arrangement of living-rooms 


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14—Mr. Morrini’s house is interesting in its style 


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xu 


S.ECOND FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN 


15—The sleeping-rooms in Mr. Mortini’s house are well arranged 18—The second floor of Mrs. Turner's house is economically planned 


July, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


283 


“Glenbrook,” A Naturalistic Garden Designed by Its Owner 


By Adam Synder 


Gen EN a man is engaged in business, wears 

good clothes and keeps his hair cut, talks 
politics, and rides behind excellent horse- 
flesh with keen enjoyment, we hardly expect 
him to waste much time with the construc- 
tion of a garden from the pure love of the 
thing. Although he may be the best of 
genial company, he will rarely give a hint of his other self. 
Too many gardens owe their existence to the fashion, rather 
than the extreme pleasure 
their construction and exist- 
ence afford. 

In the owner of ‘“Glen- 
brook,” a garden at New- 
burgh, N. Y., however, one 
comes in contact with just 
such a man. And yet it 
would hardly be fair to pass 
lightly over the feminine in- 
fluence in this beautiful lit- 
tle work. It is fitting that 
the hand of the wife 
should be felt in this direc- 
tion. 

“Glenbrook” is neither 
large nor elaborate. It is 
the adaptation of natural 
conditions by artificial 
means, with very natural- 
istic results. The glen in 
which it is situated, and 
which it fills, is fringed with 
oaks, and is thus screened 
from the rest of the land- 
scape. One is not aware of 
its existence from any out- 
ward suggestions. The glen 
itself was probably formed 
by the brook which passes 
through it, in some remote 
period, when the flow of 
water was considerably 
greater than at the present 
time. 

Given a glen of perhaps 
an acre and a half, of ap- 
proximately a rectangular 
shape, a brook entering at 
one corner, traversing two 
sides and leaving by the op- 
posite diagonal corner, the 
natural process would be to 
devote one’s attention to 
the brook as a feature, for its entire length within the glen. 
The spring freshets, however, had worn a deep gully at the 
bottom of which the normal summer brook flowed, and thus 
it was naturally hidden from sight from the middle or op- 
posite side of the glen. This being so, it was abandoned as 
a feature of the garden, and was screened for a considerable 
length from the other part of the glen. Outside of the 
gully the rest of the glen was fairly level, with a slight pitch 
or inclination in the direction of the brook outlet. The in- 
clination saved the situation. It became possible to construct 
an artificial waterway, fed from the natural one, and dis- 


Plan of “Glenbrook.” 


accompanying this article were taken are indicated by the lettered 


arrows. 


The positions from which the photographs 


The location of trees are indicated in black, 
while shrubbery and low growths are shown in full 


charging into it again, or, in other words, it was made pos- 
sible to direct the course of the true brook, either temporarily 
or permanently, as desired, into a new channel through the 
main body of the glen. 

At a point near where the brook enters the glen a dam 
was built across it, fitted with a gate, so as to permit a free 
or limited flow of water, as the case might require. Above 
this dam a gate diverted the water into the artificial channel, 
as already suggested. ‘This diversion being made, for fifty 
feet or so, a subterranean 
one, the volume of water 
which passed through it 
was limited, and the sur- 
plus flow of the brook went 
over the dam, and thus dis- 
charged through its natural 
channel. It was deemed 
best to limit the body, and 
consequently the velocity, 
of the artificial flow, so that 
the danger of damage from 
washouts might be obvi- 
ated. 

The artificial waterway 
first took the form of a 
shallow, winding brook, ris- 
ing from the ground and 
disappearing into it again 
only to reappear. It flows 
aimlessly between rocks, 
and trickles over them in 
minute falls. Its banks are 
bordered by rocks, grass 
and plants. Tall grasses in- 
fest it, and shrubs and trees 
shade it. Passing under a 
small stone bridge, it 
empties at last into a small 
and fairly shallow pond, 
which is the central fea- 
ture of the waterway. The 
outlet of this pond is by 
way of a tier of small cas- 
cades, which lead succes- 
sively to a deep basin. The 
outlet of this basin passes 
under a_ foot-bridge and 
discharges into the original 
waterway as it leaves the 
glen. Stone steps lead down 
from either side of the cas- 
cade motive to a stone land- 
ing just clear of the flow of 
the water. The central motive, perhaps, of the whole scheme 
is the log-cabin built on the shore of the pond, and backed 
up against the slope of the glen toward the house. It is built 
of cedar logs, and has a covered piazza on two sides. The 
interior plan consists of one room, provided with a fireplace 
and cozy Oriental fittings. When last seen by the author 
its roof was gradually acquiring a covering of Filipino 
thatch over the shingle, much to the benefit of its general 
lines and harmony with the garden. 

From the doorway one descends, by a series of short stone 
flights, to the edge of the pond and the boat-landing, where 


284 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 
a rowboat and a small ponds on the 
bitch scanocewate slightest — provoca- 
moored. tion. 


The drive, which 
connects with the 
house by the way of 
the stable, enters 
the glen with the 
brook, and skirts it 
to the point of its 
terminal turn near 
the cascades. It is 
continued in a foot 
path which crosses 
the bart dere; and; 
turning, follows the 
foot of the glen and 
reaches a flight of 
rustic wooden steps. 

Just prior to the 
beginning of the 
steps cut into the bank, in a semi- 
circular basin, is a spring. ‘This 
having been stoned up at the back 
discharges its water into the basin 
over the face of a flat inclined and 
projecting stone. The outlet to 
the basin is under the walk into 
the pond. 

About half way up the steps a 
narrow pathway branches off and 
follows the shore of the pond at 
a steadily decreasing grade until 
it reaches the cabin. ‘This path- 
way is well shut in by trees and 
shrubbery. 

Other than these walks or side 
paths already mentioned, the path 
motive is effected by the use of 
flat stones placed in the clipped 
grass-plots, after the manner of 
Japanese stepping-stones. This 
stepping-stone effect is still further 
carried out in the shorter runs of 
steps from the glen to the upper 
level. The use of stones for the 
purpose above mentioned is to be 
commended. The inevitable weed- 
ing and trimming 
up of the path are 
avoided; it is simply 
necessary to keep 
the grass cut. This 
is from the labor- 
saving view of the 
matter; artistically 
their effectiveness is 
not to be _ ques- 
tioned. Such stones 
used on the level 
stretch should be set 
flush with the soil, 
Of) wate least not 
enough above it to 
hinder the easy use 
of the mower. If 
they be set lower 
than the soil they 
readily’ become 


View from “D” on plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the boat-landing 
and its relation to the cabin 


View from “E” on the plan of “Glenbrook,” showing lantern, 
stepping-stones, and rough stone steps in the background 


View from “C” on plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the stone bridge and cabin 


The single stone 
Japanese lantern is 
extremely simple, 
and seems to set just 
in the right place, 
where it may be 
utilized to light the 
cabin entrance and 
the steps to the 
house level. This 
lantern is the only 
real Japanese touch 
employed, other 
than the stepping- 
stones. The interior 
furnishings of the 
cabin are largely 
Japanese, but these 
are naturally outside of the out- 
of-door consideration. 

This brief description, together 
with the plan and pictures, will 
give a general idea of the layout 
of “Glenbrook.” It is not ambi- 
tious; in fact, it is simple, and thus 
more easily realized. The owner, 
however, has not completed it all 
at once; on the contrary, it has 
been a slow growth; a bit here and 
a bit there, as the humor sug- 
gested. It was not what may be 
called an expensive job; just what 
it may have cost is impossible to 
say, as it was constructed largely 
by the employees of the owner at 
odd and spare times. It is unique 
as an example of the informal 
sunken garden, and, shut off from 
the rest of the world as it is, one 
forgets in the midst of its deli- 
cious quiet that the other ever 
existed. 

What more, indeed, does one 
need, and in what better way could 
one have set about creating his 
own garden? There 
is an endless pleas- 
ure in the work, 
which ceases to be a 
task if one puts 
one’s heart into it 
and sets about it in 
the right way. The 
garden of ‘Glen- 
brook,” it seems to 
me, exhibits all the 
beauties of garden- 
making in a singu- 
larly beautiful way. 
Not that it is the 
most beautiful of all 
gardens, but it has 
brought to its owner 
and creator the full 
satisfaction of a fine 
work finely done. 


July, 1909 AMERKVEAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 285 


View from “A” on the plan of “Glenbrook,” showing the View from “F” on the plan of “ Glenbrook,” showing the 
cascades at the front of the pond arrangement of stones in the waterway 


View from “B” on the plan of “ Glenbrook,” showing the simplicity of line, and the lantern is the central object 
about which these details are disposed 


286 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 


1909 


The windows are spaced in ample breadth of wall 


‘The Lindens,”’ 


The Summer Home of E. S. Williams, Esq., at Nahant, Massachusetts 


By Charles Chauncey 


GADD MANGY) HE summer home of E. S. Williams, Esq., 
We EA] We De at Nahant, Mass., is a splendid house, with 
WS ne Za{ fine lines and proportions. The design 
Jae ss¢ shows a central building, with wings of 
yeaa equal size extending in either direction. 


The surface of the wall space is well broken 
by many windows built in ample breadths 
of wall. The individuality of the design of the house is most 
excellent, and it has a tendency toward the Italian feeling. 

The entrance to 
the house is from a 
simple classic porch, 
which is reached 


from the highway 
by a central ave- 
nue, which sweeps 


around a circle in 
front of the house. 
The entrance-porch 
is only one step 
from the grade. An- 
other step takes one 
to the lobby, on one 
side of which there 
is) ay ecoal-c lo'siest , 
while on the other 
is built a toilet- 
room. ‘Two more 
steps land one on 
the level of the main 
floor. The living- 
hall, built in the cen- 
ter of the house, has 
a staircase with 
white-painted balus- 


A glimpse of an interior 


ters and a mahogany rail. Green and white is the color 
scheme of the hall. 

A broad doorway, opposite the entrance, opens into the 
living-porch, which is built at the rear of the house, over- 
looking the sea. ‘The living-room has a white-painted trim 
and a wall covering of two-tone green-striped paper. It has 
a large open brick fireplace, with the hearth and facings of 
similar brick, and a mantel of Colonial character painted 
white. A paneled seat is built in the bay-window. The 
color scheme is 
green throughout, 
which:is most effec- 
tive and appropriate 
for summer. 

The floor is cov- 
ered with a green 
rug in one color for 
the center, with a 
border of rose-pink 
design on a back- 
ground of green. 
Soft green silk cur- 
tains are hung at 
the windows over 
softer ones of white 
muslin. 

The sun-room is 
reached from the 
living-room. It is 
enclosed with win- 
dows, and all the re- 
maining wall space 
is finished with 
North Carolina 
pine, stained and 


July, 1909 AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


287 


treated with a forest-green effect. 
The floor is covered with a gray 
and white rug, while the windows 
are hung with 
turkey-red muslin. 
The living-porch is 
also reached from 
the sun-room. 

The dining-room 
occupies the same 
relative position as 
the living-room on 
the opposite side of 
the hall. It is trimmed with cypress, and has a paneled 
wainscoting to the height of five feet, at which point it is 
finished with a plate rack. The wall space above is tinted a 
soft green. The ceiling is beamed and ribbed. The entire 


BEpRoorL 
(2 6X6 


SECOND Jlo0R_ . 


large pantry, common in such a_ house. 
The second floor is treated with white- 
painted trim and wall covering of paper with 
large floral designs. 
There are four win- 
dows and two bath- 
rooms on this floor, 
| the latter wain- 
scoted and paved 
with tiles and _fin- 
ished with porcelain 
fixtures and _ nickel- 
plated plumbing. 
The two servants’ rooms and toilet are placed over the 
kitchen extension. 
The house is heated by a hot-water system placed in the 
cellar. The cellar also contains laundry, fuel rooms, etc. 


SERVANTS 
oor. 
8x/2 6 


The porches on the inner side of the house overlook the sea 


woodwork is stained and finished in a soft brown. A two- 
tone blue rug covers the floor, while dotted Swiss curtains 
are hung at the windows and fastened back at the lower 
middle. ‘The open fireplace is built with green brick facings 
and hearth, and the mantel 
is of simple design. 


There is no attic, except a storage space, which is reached 
from the second floor by a ladder through a well-hole. This 
section is well ventilated by “‘blinkers’’ placed in the roof 
in as unobtrusive a manner as possible, and it harmonizes 

well with the graceful lines of the long, slop- 


A door leads from the 
dining-room to the butler’s 
closet, which is 
fitted up with sink, 
drawers and _ cup- 
boards complete. 
Another door opens 
into the kitchen, 
which is provided 
with all the appoint- 
ments, including a 


PALL 


JP s7 flooe 


ing roof. 

Obviously this is a house that commands 
the attention of all who see it, on account of 
its splendid archi- 
tectural features 
and because it seems 
an expression of the 
taste and require- 
ments of the owner. 
Almost all new 
houses attract a cer- 
tain amount of at- 


DIN NG Loort 


/6 X20 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


angle of the inner porch 


\ 


sat 


Bint x ee ge ee ee 


The woodwork of the dining-room is stained soft brown with a green tint above 


July, 1909 


tention, but it is not 
given to many to re- 
ceive, as does this 
one, the distinct con- 
sideration of ap- 
proval. 

The _ deliberate 
and masterful way 
in which the archi- 
tects have handled 
the massive wall sur- 
faces by avoiding 
the usual superflu- 
ous decorations has 
been the means of 
bringing about this 
successful result. 

It is not a new 
thing to build a 
house on a vacant 
piece of land, and 
the site chosen for 
the house, already 
described, is not an 
exception to this 
condition. The plot 
was hedged at the 
roadside by mag- 
nificent elm trees of 
many years’ growth, 
but beyond this line, 
and to the water’s 
edge, there was 
nothing in the form 
of foliage upon the 
site. The success 
of the house de- 
pended, of course, 
upon the develop- 
ment of the estate. 
Green pines in tubs 
were placed at either 
side of the entrance 
door, while pink ge- 
raniums, with over- 
hanging vines, were 
put in boxes in front 
of the principal win- 
dows of the first 
story, thus adding a 
touch of color to the 
soft gray tone of the 
exterior wall sur- 
faces. Considerable 


= 


: Yaar 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


289 


planting has been 
done about the 
kitchen extension 
and correspondingly 
with the sun-room 
end of the house. 

From the living- 
porch and from the 
sun-room are vistas 
of the formal gar- 
den which is built at 
the east side of the 
house. The garden 
is laid out in a geo- 
metrical form, with 
numerous __ flower- 
beds radiating from 
a central mound sur- 
mounted by a sun- 
dial. The division 
line of the garden 
and the adjoining 
property is sepa- 
rated by a high per- 
gola, formed of lat- 
ticed work. This 
pergola is painted 
green of a dark 
shade, nearly the 
color of the grape- 
vine leaves, which 
are now being 
grown over it. The 
walks are well built 
with ashes and 
crushed stone, and 
are finished with a 
top dressing of 
white gravel. 

The ornamental 
additions to the gar- 
den are the entrance 
gate at the front and 
side of the  gar- 
den, and the great 
tubs of flowering hy- 
drangeas placed 
along the terrace. 
Massive bay trees, 
standing in tubs at 
the entrance of the 
walks, are also ef- 
fective. 


290 AMERICAN HOMES AND 


GARDENS July, 1909 


The Profitable House 


By Joy Wheeler Dow 


A House for a Guaranteed Cost 


(ENO 


WEES, 
ry eT 


y) HE man who has five thousand dollars capi- 
tal can not be called exactly an object for 
charity. Yet five thousand dollars invested 
at five per cent. is not a competency. And 
if one’s earning capacity has departed, one 
must live up to every dollar of this principal 
before the American idea of charity ap- 

plies to his case. 

The great middle class of Americans—the eminently 
decent class—to whom crime and scandal rarely attach, and 
who are sustaining the Nation’s honor and its strength, are 
dificult to reach, it is said, when in need. ‘That is, how- 
ever, untrue. While you are reading these lines, hundreds 
are sending forth C. Q. D. signals from their main top- 
masts, and ever being answered in this wise: ‘Well, really, 
my dear fellow,” or ‘dear girl,’ as the case may be, ‘‘we do 
not see how we can 
help you very much. 
You see, our organi- 
zation has mostly to 
do with the very 
wretched poor and— 


a GCE = 


the birds live,” writes Louisa Alcott of her early days. And 
to advocate this, or, better still, to advocate acquiring a home 
of our own before the earning capacity has entirely for- 
saken us, and we have lost our “‘grip,” is the burden of this 
article. 

Were the means of the designer of this twenty-five-hun- 
dred-dollar cottage equal to his enthusiasm, he would not 
only guarantee to find the estimates and let the contracts at 
the figure named anywhere within a sixty-mile radius of the 
city of New York, where conditions are normal, as he does, 
but he would further be willing to investigate cases, and 
supply every deserving, middle-class American who applies 
with a home of this caliber and artistic excellence, which 
means historical excellence, as his chosen charitable avoca- 
tion, just as Mr. Carnegie builds libraries, and he would not 
wait either until the recipient had become wholly a public 
charge without a dol- 
lar. 

Education which 
teaches us to be un- 
happy without some 
of the refinements 


dirty.” Because dirt 


and luxuries of life, 


breeds disease, and 


comes in our time al- 


that menaces the life 


most as free as air, 


of everybody. 
But a home of 


while bread and but- 


ter, a home, even a 


one’s own, which can 
not be spent and lost 


woe 
sears Loe real eee Fa 


—————4, 
She Se Sse 


bed to die in, at last, 
are still dear necessi- 


as easily as money in 


the bank, is some- 
thing, if not a com- 


petency, for one may 
eke out an existence 
on surprisingly little 
in the country. “We 
lived in summer as 


I emer a oon aa 
ee 


ieee { fOO]) — 


The general prospect of the house 


ties. 
; But we will not 
ae SE =|) Ean f look long upon too 
(eeeeueene nce re 4 lalallala il La gloomy truisms. For 


here is an attractive 
proposition for the 
young _ struggling 
couple not thinking 


wy 


July, 1909 ANCE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 291 


Front elevation Elevation of one end 


Third story plan 


292 


of divorce, be- 
cause each one 
lives to work for 
the other, as well 
as for old maids 
and bachelors left 
alone in _ the 
world. And to 
sell it, if needs 
be, why, it would 
“go like hot 
cakes” (expres- 
sive if not gram- 
matical) at any 
time, because it 
is so tiny, yet 
complete — so 
easily cared for 
without a_ serv- 
ant. With taxes 
at the minimum, 
insurance a mere 
bagatelle, fuel 
and lights hardly 
worth mentioning 
by comparison, 
who could not 
live in this 
twenty-five hun- 
dred dollar cot- 
tage profitably ? 
There is no 
waste room, no 
unused room, no 
unnecessary hall 
or passages. In- 
deed, is it not the 
limit of economi- 
cal house-plan- 
ning? Softwood 
and paint will an- 
swer for the in- 
terior trim, and a 
light gray texture 
to the plaster ob- 
viates _calcimine 
and wall-paper. 
The exterior 
shows shingles 
painted brown, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


China closet door 


a 


OG 


|| 


Staircase door 


July, 1909 


material and 
other wood as 
may be most ad- 
vantageous. 
There is a 
laundry platform 
and two trays to 
set up in a corner 
of the cellar, coal 
bins and warm- 
air furnaces. The 
cottage is not to 
be piped for gas, 
except as to a gas- 
range connection, 
nor wired for 
electricity, as oil 
lamps are much 
more suitable to 
it, and much 
kindlier disposed 
to the eyesight. 
The _  architect’s 
commission has 
not been com- 
puted. But every- 
thing else to make 
the cottage live- 
able and comfor- 
table is included. 
The scope of 
this paper does 
not permit more 
than the _ brief 
description that 
has been given. 
But this is suffi- 
cient and ample. 
It is a modest 
house and needs 
but a modest de- 
scription. 


GUARANTEE 
Mr. Joy Wheel- 


er Dow has guar- 
anteed to build 
this house, as de- 
scribed, within 
sixty miles of the 


but the architect reserves the right to substitute stucco if city of New York, under normal conditions, for twenty-five 
necessary, also to build the cellar wall of either concrete, hundred dollars. This guarantee to hold good until Sep- 
concrete blocks, brick or stone; also to use such framing tember 1, 1909. 


Publishers AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. 


~= 
= 
pe 
ame 


. 


* WALTCA ant Lincwercan 


9) 


1m", 


y iG 4 ee; 
2 Aw ay... a 


Garden Notes 


Pot-grown Vines for Summer Planting 


T IS well to remember that many vines, such as wistaria, climbing 
roses, honeysuckles, akebia, trumpet vine, ampelopsis, ivy and euo- 
nymus, can be bought in pots ready to plant at almost any time 

during the summer, so that if one’s house or pergola, or whatever is 
not finished in time to use dormant plants in the spring, one need not 
wait a year, but by the use of potted vines can get an immediate 
result, even though it be meager at first. 

Tub 


The orthodox thing to put in a large pot or tub is a bay tree, but 
there are many others which will look well in the formal situations 
where tubs are commonly used. Box trees pruned to the pyramidal 
or standard form are almost as common as bay trees, but they are not 
so beautiful. 

Red cedars, if they have been carefully transplanted, can be used 
in large pots, and any of the arbor-vitates, yews and retinosporas are 
good, though not so interesting, I think, as the broad-leaved ever- 
greens, like the rhododendron, andromeda, kalmia, etc. plants whose 
blooming season is short, but whose foliage always looks well. 

The magnolias, either stellata or soulangeana, make rather pic- 
turesquely formal trees for large pots, and these can be put on the 
terraces much earlier than the bay trees. 

Japanese maples are attractive, chiefly because of their color and 
delicate graceful foliage. 

All little trees which can be trained to a fairly uniform shape, 


If the vines grow little in the remaining months of the summer, 
the gain is, nevertheless, great because they will be well established 
and ready to grow vigorously the following season, and should sur- 
pass any vines that are planted later, though both seem of the same 
size to begin with. 

Pot-grown vines cost from twenty-five cents to a dollar each. 


Plants 


but which still show their characteristic branching, are more charming 
than plants like the box and privet which present a mass of uniform 
texture and show none of the skeleton within. 

An unusually beautiful thing from this point of view is the wild 
orange (Citrus trifoliata) which has vigorous tangled branches and 
thorns of freshest green. 

Bamboos do well in tubs and are easy to manage. A bamboo 
casting its shadow on a stucco house reminds one of Japanese prints! 

Any plant of distinguished appearance and neat habit can be used 
in tubs, and will, perhaps, gain an added charm because of its unusual 
situation, especially if it be an unappreciated native. 

It would be a great relief to see other things than bay trees, box 
bushes and hydrangeas decorating our piazzas in summer. 

Many of these things, too, can be bought already potted for mid- 
summer planting. One nurseryman offers Japanese maples, mag- 
nolias and hydrangeas in pots. 


Rhododendrons 


Rhododendrons are probably the most useful and the most abused 
of all our plants, besides being the most profitable for the nursery- 
man to sell. In consequence of this latter fact, we see them every- 
where and in the most impossible situations. 

The rhododendron grows naturally in woods in a deep soil reten- 
tive of moisture and with a thick mulch of leaves. 

Their requirements in other ways are not exacting, but they should 
have a deep soil full of decayed vegetable matter, a thick mulch 
and no lime, which seems to choke the hair-like roots. 


They should be planted in masses giving each other protection, and 
not as single specimens in the lawn. It is the latter practise which 
leads so often to failure, especially when young plants just come 
from Holland are expected to stand our dry summers in a sunbaked 
lawn. 

If you can not plant them in large masses close together, at least 
give them the protection of some other shrub, or even of a boulder 
or a wall, and if you would have them grow and prosper give them 
plenty of water and a heavy mulch of forest leaves. 


The Care of Newly Planted Trees and Shrubs 


Trees and shrubs which were planted this spring should be 
thoroughly watered in dry times, and the earth about them should 
be kept cultivated and free from weeds for the first summer. ‘Their 
roots have had little time to grow and have not gone down to the sup- 
plies of water below and they are very likely to suffer, if they do 
not die, in mid-summer. In watering, remember that irrigation is 


what is needed, not spraying, which means putting on a minimum of 
water in the showiest way. 

Trees should be looked at frequently through the summer, espe- 
cially after high winds, to be sure that they have not been loosened or 
even blown over. 


Spraying 


Some sort of a pump for spraying plants should always be kept 
ready for use in the garden. “The knapsack sprayer is good, or a 
pump to be attached to an ordinary wooden pail may be used. 

Bordeaux mixture; arsenate of lead, or arsenate of copper; and 
kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap should be on hand with the 
proper utensils for mixing. 

It is important to have these things ready and convenient to use, 
because spraying must be done at the beginning of a disease or an 
attack of insects, or the injury will be irreparable. 

Hollyhocks should be sprayed every two weeks with Bordeaux to 
prevent rust, and all leaves show signs of the disease should be cut 
and burned. 


Vines on 


Vines on the piazza should be trained to a single wire running 
plumb from the eaves to the ground. This will keep them away from 


Melons should be sprayed with Bordeaux every ten or fourteen 
days, beginning early in July, to prevent leaf mold. 


Tomatoes, spray with Bordeaux every two or three weeks for leaf 
spot. With lead arsenate in Bordeaux if there are also worms and 
flea beetles. 

Squash, spray with Bordeaux, at the same time with the melons. 


Vines which show wilted leaves are diseased and should be de- 
stroyed at once. 


Roses, spray with whale-oil soap or kerosene emulsion for aphis. 
For leaf hopper, as above, or spray with plain water. 


the Piazza 


the railing, and a single wire makes them much easier to trim in the 
spring than they would be if grown on chicken wire. 


xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


w CORRESPONDENCE © 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 


pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic’ 


INTRODUCING BLUE IN A COLOR SCHEME 


**7 AM especially desirous,” writes M. J. 
T., of New Jersey, “of introducing in 
my living-room a suggestion of blue, as 

I am very fond of this color. I do not want 

a blue room, you understand, but to combine 

this color with others in an attractive way. 

Please tell me how to do this, as I often read 

in this magazine about color schemes of blue 

and brown, but I do not know how to go to 
work. So far there is nothing in the room but 
some solid oak chairs with leather cushions in 
brown—mission, I think, the style is called.” 

If the room has a sunny exposure a combi- 
nation of blue and green would suit the dark 
tones of the furniture. A rug in these two 
colors would be the beginning, using a gray 
or buff paper on the walls, the former, if the 
room is sunny and well lighted, the latter, if 
there are few windows and a north or east ex- 
posure. As the fireplace is probably finished 
there is no opportunity for introducing any 
blue in this part of the room, but the mantel 
may hold one or two vases of some of the 
artistic glassware that is made in New York, 
each one a separate piece of blowing. If there 
is a divan or lounge in this room there may be 
some pillow-covers of blue silk, not a clear 
plain color, but showing a mixture of gold 
threads in the weaving. Again, in the table- 
cover or lamp mat this shade may appear; or, 
in the cushions for some wicker chairs, the seats 
and backs may have a shaded velvet of blue. 

Still another way of enjoying one’s favorite 

color indoors is to have a vase of flowers or 

a flowering plant, lobelia, forget-me-not, vio- 

lets, foxglove, pansies or corn flowers, accord- 

ing to the season. 


LACE FOR A HALL DOOR 


The difficulty of treating a hall door that 
has a long glass panel is often brought to the 
attention of this department. Such doors are 
the delight of the suburban builder and the 
perplexity of the home-maker. In reply to H. 
G. the new filet lace that comes in imitation 
of the antique hand-made work is suggested. 
This usually comes in white or cream, but it 
may be dyed a deeper tone or an ecru if it is to 
be placed near dark-finished woodwork. The 
pictures that appear in squares on the lace, 
sometimes seven and sometimes nine or twelve 
inches, contribute a touch of interest to the 
long panel, and if the width of lace is right 
for the space, it may be shirred loosely, but not 
in folds, on small brass rods at the top and 
bottom. A pretty tearoom in New York em- 
ploys this method of shielding the glass doors 
and windows, with the filet lace dyed a pale 
yellow like the walls of the room. 


LAMP-SHADES FOR THE COUNTRY HOME 


“Ts there anything new this year for lamp- 
shades that are suitable for a house in the 


country. My own taste is for a silk shade, 
but this is expensive for the summer weather, 
as it needs renewing after a season’s wear. 
‘The Japanese paper shades are too gaudy for 
the colors in my rooms. Some years ago they 
were daintier and less aggressive in colors.”— 
S. J. G., Springfield, Mass. 

The new wicker shades would be just what 
this correspondent would like, if the lining 
suits the coloring of the room. ‘These linings 
are orange, bright red or green, and the colors 
when the lamp is lighted are not too brilliant. 
They suit the tall banquet lamps of black iron, 
or a pottery jar that is fitted with an oil fount. 
The diameter of the shades at the bottom range 
from twelve to eighteen inches. “The candle 
shades, too, are very charming in this style. 


BEDROOM FURNITURE 


A bride who is fitting up her first home has 
three bedrooms to furnish. She writes: “Now 
that I am selecting my furniture I see that 
there is very little choice of woods. In my 
own town I can only buy mahogany and ma- 
ple. Would you have two rooms in mahogany 
and the other in the maple? Or, the other 
way? As I am buying the furniture from 
money given me for wedding presents, I am 
not hampered by the price, but I do want 
something that will be in good taste for a long 
time.”—D. F. R. 

The maple furniture may be left out of the 
list, as there is no restriction in price, and the 
maple is a cheaper and less interesting wood 
than some others that are now on the market. 
The Circassian walnut comes in a gray- 
brown that suits the dainty colors of a sleep- 
ing-room, and this is especially good in the 
plain styles, Sheraton or Louis XVI. Ma- 
hogany can also be had in the light finish, 
with or without inlaid lines in dark wood— 
reversing the ordinary way. Satinwood with 
inlaid and painted decorations in the Adam 
style is another suitable bedroom furniture 
that gives character and _ interest. White 
enamel and gray enamel in the very fine fin- 
ishes make beautiful guest rooms when com- 
bined with high-class wall coverings and rugs. 
Oak is finished in a number of ways—gray, 
green, brown and natural—and birch is given 
a silver-gray stain. 

From this list a choice may be made to suit 
the different rooms and their exposures, and 
as all of the large cities can show the different 
kinds it would be worth while to make a 
trip for the specific purpose of seeing and buy- 
ing. Or, if one is satisfied to buy from cata- 
logues, the choice could be made through the 
mail. 


CHINA FOR AFTERNOON TEA 


“A Teacher” writes: “I take great pleasure 
when spending a little time with my friends in 
the afternoon in the tea or coffee that they 
make for me in their own rooms. I have a 
few cups and saucers that I brought from my 
home some years ago, but they are of no espe- 

(Continued on page xvi) 


Garden Work About the Home 


By Charles Downing Lay 


WHAT TO DO WHILE THE HOUSE 
IS BUILDING 


$s E ARE in the greatest quandary you 

can imagine. Our house, which was 

to be ready on the first of October 
will not be finished until the end of Novem- 
ber, or later. We shall move in at once, but 
dread to live all winter in a house surrounded 
by such disorder, and it will be too late after 
the end of November to do much work out- 
side. Is there anything we can do to fix up 
the grounds now? ‘The grading has not been 
touched, the terraces are not built and the 
roads are not even staked out. It is too dis- 
tressing for words! How can we make the 
place presentable for the winter?” 

Your case is, indeed, a hard one, but you 
need not be discouraged. It may be possible 
to do much before the house is finished. At 
least, it will be a help to lay out the drives 
and have them built, to arrange the paths and 
to grade the terraces. 

If the outside of the house is nearly finished, 
except the painting, all the work of grading 
can be done now as well as any time. ‘The 
space which is needed for piles of lumber, tools, 
and for unpacking cases, can be provided on 
one side of the house, perhaps on the site of 
the drying-yard if the service court is not large 
enough. 

It will be impossible, of course, to do much 
planting now, but it will be a great comfort 
to have the grading done, and to have the 
place neat and orderly, even if it be bare. 

The edges of paths and roads can be sodded, 
and the garden can be gotten ready to plant in 
September and October. 

‘Toward the end of August the lawn should 
be seeded, and in a month or six weeks every- 
thing will be green and flourishing. 

Evergreens can be moved in August with 
some succcess. It is certainly worth trying, 
because they will embellish the place at once. 

If you get at the work at once you should 
be ready for a long planting season in autumn, 
and the following spring should see the work 
finished. 

There is no time to be lost, as grading and 
getting ready to seed a lawn is a long job if 
it be well done. 

Everything that is done now makes the 
work next spring more easy and the result 
more sure. 


HOUSE FLIES 


A. M. B. wants to know if anything can 
be done to abate the fly nuisance? 

The house fly is a serious pest in many 
country districts, and one that should be 
fought by every means in our power. ‘The 
flies lay their eggs and the larve are hatched 
in horse manure, so it is in the stable that the 
battle must be waged. 

(Continued on page xvi) 


July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv 


EMIL: SAUER 


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BALTIMORE NEW YORK WASHINGTON 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


June, 1909 


An American’s sense of projecting himself 
far beyond the skies and hills of his forefathers is 
largely responsible for his self-assurance—for his 
mental vigor and the progress which this has 
meant. 


This Sixth Sense—the sense of projection— 
is due to the telephone. It is due to the Bell 
telephone system which at any instant conveys 
his personality, if not his person, to any part of 
the country. It carries his voice with directness 
to the ear of the person wanted. Carries it with 
its fone qualities and inflections—things which 
are vital to the expression of personality. 


Bell telephone service is more than a mere 
carrier of messages. It is a system of sensitive 
wire nerves, carrying the perception-message to 
the nerve centre and the return message simulta- 
neously. Jt is the only means of communication 
which thus carries the message and the answer 
instantly. While you are projecting your per- 


sonality—the strength of your individuality, to the 
distant point, the party at the other end is pro- 
jecting Ais personality, at the same instant and by 
the same means, to you. 


You are virtually in two places at once. 


Though this service is in a class by itself, the 
Bell telephone has no fight with the other public 
utilities. Its usefulness is dove-tailed into all 
other utilities. Each of the others-is unquestion- 
ably made more effective by the Bell telephone. 


A telegram is delivered from receiving office to 
house by felephone.’ The more people telegraph, 
the more they felephone. The more people travel, 
the more they felephone. The more energetically 
a man pursues business of any kind, the more he 
needs and uses the felephone. i 


The universal Bell telephone gives every 
other utility an added usefulness. It. provides 
the Nation with its Sixth Sense. 


A business man has one important arm of his business 
paralyzed if he does not have a Long Distance Tele- 


Phone at his elbow. 


It extends his personality to its 


fullest limitations—applies the multiplication table to 


his business possibilities. 


It keeps things moving. 


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ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, 

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complete practical instructions are given for building the various 
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such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. 
g The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of 
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, 
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Problems in Home Furnishing 
(Continued from page xiv) 


cial merit, either in color or decoration. Now, 
I want to collect, one at a time, some pretty 
china for serving tea. Shall I have it all of 
one color? Or, shall every piece be different? 
What kind of a teapot shall I use? I would 
also like to know the best way to serve tea, 
and what to have with it, if it does not take 
too much of your time and space.” 

For the cups and saucers a unique idea is 
to have old-fashioned flowers for the decora- 
tions, and these can be had in the’ English, 
German, French and Swedish chinaware. The 
size should be not too small, nor too large, as 
coffee and chocolate may be offered at times in 
place of the tea. For a practical teapot, the 
English one of smooth brown glaze with a 
porcelain strainer is the best; but if this looks 
too heavy an English ware with flower decora- 
tion may be used, as this is better than a metal 
pot for the brewing of the tea. The sugar- 
holder and cream-pitcher may match the tea- 
pot, and an etched glass may be used for slices 
of lemon. A bowl to hold a silver strainer 
may be of another ware. A biscuit jar may 
be of Japanese ware, and also a tea-holder. 
Plain bread and butter, plain and sweet bis- 
cuits may be offered with the tea, and choco- 
lates, peppermints, salted nuts added. The 
tray to hold the tea things may be of brass, 
copper, silverplated on copper or mahogany. 
The tea-table is not kept set as it was a few 
years ago, but is arranged just before a guest 
is expected, or afterward in an informal way. 


WALL-PAPERS FOR AN APARTMENT 


A “City Dweller” is interested in making 
the different rooms in her flat open harmoni- 
ously from each other. Writing from Phila- 
delphia she says: “I never realized how 
much one lived in the next room in which 
one happened to be until I took up my abode 
in this tiny apartment in which, with evident 
attempt to look spacious, the builder has made 
numerous large openings. I have put up door- 
curtains (as there are no doors), but when 
these are even a very little drawn one in- 
sensibly takes in the walls of the connecting 
rooms. ‘The former tenant chose bright red, 
a strong green and a pale blue for the three 
principal rooms, and I am going to have these 
repapered at my own expense, as it will do 
so much to make my home attractive. The 
woodwork is an undesirable cherry in the par- 
lor, and yellow pine in the dining-room and 
den. All of these rooms are inclined to be 
dull, as the sun does not reach them very 
much. What is the best choice at the smallest 
cost ?” 

To accomplish the best results with the 
limitations mentioned in this letter, it would 
be wisest to use the cheap ingrain paper, as 
one may get a soft, old red (terra-cotta in a 
light tone) for the parlor with cherry wood- 
work, and a deep buff for the other two rooms. 
Next best would be the same colors in a tex- 
ture effect at a higher price. 


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July, 1909 AVE RITCAN HOMES "AND GARDENS XVII 


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American Domes and Gardens covers a wide scope; it deals with 
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Notable American Homes (12 descriptive 
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Spring Houses Old and New—Plan- 
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July, 1909 


Garden Work About the Home 


(Continued from page xiv) 


Experiments have shown that flies carry the 
germs of typhoid, among other diseases, on 
their feet, and it is quite possible that cases 
may originate by eating food which has not 
been protected from flies. 

Besides actual disease, the flies also carry 
the various bacterias of fermentation and 
putrefaction. 

The horse stables should, if possible, be 
screened (this will be a comfort to the horses 
also), and dishes of poisoned water put about 
to kill the stray flies, but the most important 
thing is to have the stables cleaned three times 
a day, and to have the manure spread on the 
land at once, or put in an underground pit 
which the flies can not reach. 

A weekly dose of carbon bisulphid put in 
the pit will kill any larve or eggs which may 
be there. This practice should materially re- 
duce the number of flies in your own stable, 
but it will be hard to induce your neighbors 
to do likewise, especially if they are farmers. 


CHILDREN'S GARDENS 


It is easy to get children interested in 
gardening, but, as F. G. says, it is hard to 
keep them so, unless they can be made to forsee 
the ultimate results of care and attention. 

They should have a small plot which is to 
be all their own, to plant and cultivate and 
care for, and they should be given things 
which germinate and mature quickly. 

Radishes and lettuce are good, and a hill or 
two of potatoes, a few string beans and a to- 
mato plant might be tried. 

Of the annual flowers, poppies, portulacca, 
Drummond’s phlox, pinks and nasturtiums 
are probably the best, because they grow so 
quickly and bloom so profusely. 

The child’s garden should be laid out with 
some care, as a sort of miniature of the real 
gardens of the place, and the few flowers it 
may produce should be used in the house, and 
the vegetables on the table, lest the children 
lose interest in unappreciated labor. 

As discipline the child’s garden might be 
made almost as effective as the old onion 
patch. 


THE SUMACS 


The native sumacs are among the most 
interesting and characteristic of our plants. 
They grow everywhere in open fields, and 
their unique beauties embellish every scene. 
They look best, perhaps, when among tall 
red cedars, which set them off in a very fetch- 
ing way. 

The stag-horn sumac (Rhus hirta) some- 
times reaches a height of forty feet, but it is 
ordinarily less than half as high. 

It is a picturesque tree or shrub with the 
large pinnate leaves borne well out on the 
branches, which are covered with small hairs 
like the velvet of a stag’s horns. ‘The large 
bunches of crimson berries, which last 
throughout the winter, are very striking. 

The dwarf sumac (R. copallina) is quite 
different, having leaves of a deeper green, and 
so shiny that they seem varnished. 

The smooth sumac (R. glabra) is much 
like the stag-horn, but has smooth glaucous 
branches and leaves of a peculiar silvery 
green. 

The large flower head is a yellowish white, 
deliciously scented and very attractive to the 
bees. 

The chief glory of all the sumacs is their 
brilliant autumn foliage. With the first days 
of October they begin to turn, and they flame 


July, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


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American Homes and Gardens 


and Scientific American ler ny 


July, 1909 


and burn until winter puts their fires out, ex- 
cept the embers of their fruit. 

The poison-sumac (R. vernix) is the earliest 
to turn in the fall, and the most brilliant of all, 
but, like its brother poison-ivy (R. radicans) 
its great beauty should not save it from ex- 
termination. ‘They are both a menace to 
people with sensitive skins, and have no place 
except in the wilds. 

The fragrant sumac (R, aromatica) is a 
sprawling shrub which does well under trees. 
Its leaves are downy and aromatic when 
crushed. 

The sumacs do well on dry rocky hillsides, 
and when a house is built in such a situation 
nothing could be more suitable to cover its 
hough stone foundations. ‘They are easy to 
grow and can be transplanted from the fields 
with good success. 


INSECT ENEMIES OF THE 
GARDENER 


VERY thing has its price, and the price 
of a successful flower garden is eternal 
vigilance. From the first appearance of 

any green leaf or blade above ground there 
is a simultaneous appearance of something to 
destroy it; indeed, most of the worms and 
caterpillars time their appearance by the 
burgeoning of the trees and plants. Secure 
the chrysalid of any of the large moths—that 
of the tomato worm—Protoparce carolina, for 
instance, and keep it in a warm room, it will 
defer its appearance from the chrysalid until 
the time that the tomato leaves are green, quite 
as well as though left in the open ground, so, 
too, the large prometheus moths which lay their 
eggs on the woodbine and do not emerge from 
their case until the leaves appear on the vine. 
The first worm to cause actual trouble in 
the garden is the cutworm, and these do much 
damage to young plants, often making it neces- 
sary to make several plantings before a perma- 
nent output is secured. Usually it will be 
sufficient—if the planting is not so large as to 
make the labor too great—to enclose each 
plant with a small tin can which has had the 
bottom melted away. Many gardeners make 
a practice of gathering up during the winter 
all the old tin cans available. In the spring 
a fire is kindled out of doors and the cans 
thrown upon it until they are melted and the 
bottoms drop off. They are then ready to be 
used and are pressed into the soil around the 
plant, pressing them down an inch or two. 
But in using this form of protection it is im- 
portant to see that no worms are enclosed 
within the barrier. Other gardeners have suc- 
cess bating the worms with meal wet with 
sweetened water in which a small quantity of 
Paris green is placed, or chopped grass or 
clover is used instead, but care must be used 
where any form of poison is employed, as it is 
quite as apt to exterminate any chickens which 
gain access to it as the worms it is intended 
for. Fortunately, not much harm is done by 
this pest after the last of May, but another 
serious pest of similar habits makes its appear- 
ance soon after the disappearance of the cut- 
worm; this is the small brown or pink worm 
or grub, known variously as the cosmos borer, 
the dahlia or aster worm, etc. ‘This little pest 
enters the stalk of these plants close to, or just 
under, the surface of the ground and proceeds 
to eat his way upward, and its presence is sus- 
pected only when attention is attracted to the 
plants by their blackened and withered appear- 
ance. It is not altogether a hopeless pest, how- 
ever, as both preventative and remedial meas- 
ures may be taken. The prevention consists in 
soaking the ground about the plants for a 
depth of three or four inches with a week solu- 
tion of Paris green, applied every week, from 
the time the plants are a foot high until fully 


July, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi 


grown. ‘The remedy is to find the place where 
the worm entered the stalk of the plant and to 
run a small wire up the stalk until the worm 
is met and destroyed. If the plant is not in- 
jured too greatly this and the drawing of the 
earth up about the stalk until the first joint 
above the wound is covered, and packing it 
closely there, and keeping it constantly moist 
until roots have started from the covered 
joint—as will be quickly done in the case of 
dahlias, cosmos and similar plants—when the 
plant will, usually, grow on as though nothing 
had happened. 

The trouble is more serious when it attacks 
the columbines or aquilegias, as the plant is 
virtually killed before the trouble is suspected. 
If the plants appear diseased and the tops are 
taken hold of and pulled lightly, they will part 
from the roots, showing a cavity below the 
crown which will be found to be occupied by 
a small pink worm about a half inch in length. 
Here the preventative soaking of the soil with 
the Paris-green soultion alone is reliable—that 
and stirring and examining the soil occasion- 
ally for traces of the pest. 

But it is in the rose garden that the most 
serious trouble brews, as the enemies of the 
rose are so many in numbers and so gregarious 
in habit and come altogether, as it were. The 
green aphis is one of the most persistent and 
troublesome, making its appearance soon after 
the new growth starts in the spring and quickly 
covering the young shoots with a moss-like ac- 
cumulation of tiny green insects. “The reme- 
dies are several, and consist of the various 
preparations of tobacco in solutions used as a 
spray, in powder used as a dust, and as a fumi- 
gator used in the form of damp stems laid on 
live coals and held under the plants until the 
insects are overcome by the fumes. This, while 
the most effective form of application, is incon- 
venient in the open air owing to the difficulty 
of confining the smoke. 

A simple way of doing this, however, is to 
take a large corn popper—one with a good long 
handle—and place a few good coals therein 
and fill with damp tobacco stems and hold 
under the affected plants. If a sheet or other 
covering can be placed over them to confine the 
smoke the results will be far more certain. 
Usually where there is a water system supply- 
ing considerable pressure these pests can be sub- 
dued by frequent spraying. 

The small, green caterpillar which lies along 
the under side of the leaves is more difficult to 
deal with, but may be destroyed by the use of 
kerosene emulsion sprayed upon the under side 
of the leaves. Care, however, must be exer- 
cised in the use of kerosene, as it is very apt 
to burn the foliage if used too strong. An 
emulsion made from one coffee cupful of 
kerosene, a third of a bar of soap, and a gallon 
of hot water, thoroughly agitated and reduced 
to four gallons or more, will be strong enough, 
and it will be well to test this on a single 
branch before spraying the entire plant or 
plants. 

Kerosene emulsion may be successfully used 
on all soft-bodied insects, such as caterpillars, 
aphides, slugs and the like. Paris green for all 
eating insects, as caterpillars, beetles—as po- 
tato bugs, squash bugs and rose-chafers or bugs, 
but is useless for insects which suck the juices 
from the plants, as the various aphides, black, 
green or gray. 

There is another small worm very destruc- 
tive on the roses and spireas. This little fellow 
draws the tips of the leaves at the end of a 
twig—usually about a bud, about him, and, 
thus protected, proceeds to fill up on the tender 
tissues of the plant. As he is easily detected, 
the remedy here is to take him, encased in his 
green sheath, gently between the thumb and 
finger and—crush him. 


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XXII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1909 


MOTTS PLUMBING 


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At the first appearance of the rose bug 
Paris green must be resorted to, and the plant 
well sprayed at nightfall. So rapidly does this 
vandal work that the bloom of the entire rose 
garden may be hopelessly ruined in twenty- 
four hours if not at once attended to. Much 
may also be done by picking the bugs off the 
bushes early in the morning, when the dew is 
still heavy and the bugs sluggish, and dropping 
them into pails of hot water or water contain- 
ing a little kerosene. 

For the rose hopper—a small yellowish- 
white insect found on the under side of the 
leaves—syringing with whale oil soap is effec- 
tive, but must be thoroughly done. 

The Japanese iris and the asters and chrys- 
anthemums are much troubled by a large, dis- 
gusting-looking black beetle which eats the 
flowers. Paris green may be used here also, 
but hand-picking early in the morning is more 
satisfactory, as it does not disfigure the flowers 
and the results are more certain. This beetle is 
very sluggish and easily caught. 

These are the principal insects which affect 
the flower garden, but occasionally the potato 
beetle invades the beds and appears on the 
nicotianas and disfigures the plants. He may 
be destroyed by spraying the plants with a 
weak solution of Paris green, or they may be 
hand-picked which is, perhaps the _ better 
way. It is very important to go over the 
plants leaf by leaf examining the under side of 
the foliage for the mass of yellow eggs and 
destroying these, as, in this way, the ravages 
of the pests are quickly nipped. 

Various caterpillars infest the vines about 
the house; all of these being soft-bodied may 
be killed with the kerosene emulsion, but as 
they are all eating creatures the Paris green 
will prove effectual used either as a spray or 
powdered on with lime when the vines are wet 
with dew. This, however, is unsightly, and 
should always be washed off as soon as it has 
done its work. In fact all emulsions and 
sprays should be removed with clear water 
sprayed rather forceably on the plants as soon 
after as is feasible. 

Various scale insects affect plants in the 
house, especially hard-wooded plants like the 
palms, rubber trees, orange and lemon trees, 
fuchsias, ivies and the like. On palms the 
scale usually appears early in spring, and 
should be watched for and not allowed to 
obtain a start as, once firmly established, it is 
difficult to eradicate. I have found nothing 
better than to remove the insect with a sliver 
of wood or any handy tool that will scrape it 
off without injuring the plant. Washing the 
plants with whale oil soap or fir tree soap is 
fairly successful, but it is better to supple- 
ment this with a thorough examination and 
the removal of all scale found. The young 
scale are exceedingly minute, and when of any 
size are smooth, flat and shiny, the old insects 
presenting a rather rounded appearance and 
rough coat. They are more troublesome on 
ivies than on shrubby plants, and these plants 
are better treated by the soap wash, placing a 
large quantity in a large pan—a dishpan for 
instance—and laying the plant in it for a quar- 
ter of an hour, then washing off with clear 
water and repeating the operation in a few 
days if the first was not entirely effectual— 
and one application of any insecticide seldom is. 

It may be suggested, however, that in the 
treatment of roses for the various pests which 
affect the plant that it is necessary to begin 
operations early-—as soon as the first leaves 
appear-—and not wait for the appearance of 
the insects, bugs, worms or whatever form 
they may take. A good dusting with hellebore 
while yet the leaves are wet with dew, and 
the renewal of the powder either as a dust or 
in solution of water and hellebore will prevent 
the pests getting a hold. Roses, more than 


July, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XXxill 


Unburnable Homes 


We Build Them and 
We Build Nothing Else 


Reinforced Concrete throughout, or exterior 
walls of brick or stone, and interior decoration 
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economical, unburnable, rust and decay proof— 
but requires for successful use good materials, 
good structural design, good workmanship and 
experience. Send for pamplilet descriptive of 
work we have built, and let us consult with 
your architect. 


BENJAMIN A. HOWES, c.c. 


Engineer and Contractor 
1193 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


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most any other plants, are injured so rapidly 
that it is usually too late to save the early 
bloom and foliage when the injury has begun. 
When the plants are first uncovered in the 
spring is not too early to begin an active war- 
fare. Thorough and persistent cultivation will 
do much to protect the plants by destroying 
those which are still in the ground in the form 
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The remarkable tale unfolded in this book 
is briefly summarized by the author herself 
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old-time homestead and twelve acres of land,” 
she writes, “amid picturesque scenery, which 
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By Kate V. St. 


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for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- 
tects, Builders and House Owners, 
with many half-tone and other illus- 
trations showing the latest designs 


By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 


EXTRACT FROM PREFACE 


HE author has endeavored to include 

characteristic designs in vogue to- 

day, and to give reliable information 
as to the choice of wall papers as well as 
to describe the practical methods of ap- 
plying them. In dealing with matters 
concerning decoration there is always the 
danger of leaning too much toward an 
ideal and of overlooking the practical re- 
quirements of commercial life. The au- 
thor hopes that he has been successful in 
avoiding this fault, and that his book will 
be regarded as both practical and useful. 


One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 


MUNN & CO., 36! Broadway, NEW YORK 


XXIV 


FIFTY FOUR YEARS OF QUA vg 2 
WOLFFS PLUMBING GOODS = S\ i; 


“Corona” Enameled Iron Bath. H-6504. 


Wolff Investment Value 


HERE. are as many conditions and degrees of responsibility entering into 
the guaranteeing of plumbing fixtures as there are firms issuing guarantee 
labels. Architects have realized the importance of these features for a 

long time, but itis only of late years that the layman has been interested. 

The Guarantee Tubs cost only a trifle more than the cheap inferior article 
on the market. The cost of installation, that is, labor and material, required 
incidental to installing a bathtub, is the same for a cheap tub as it would be 
for a “Corona”’ fully guaranteed tub. 

With the knowledge that many tenants and investors often base their judg- 
ment of the construction of the building on the class of plumbing fixtures that 
have been used, wise architects advise the use of Wolff Plumbing Material 
exclusively, even in purely speculative operations. 


L WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY 


MANUFACTURERS OF 


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THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE MADE BY ANY ONE FIRM 


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Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building 
Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building 
San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Buffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue 
Omaha, Neb.: 1108-1112 Nicholas Street 


BRANCH OFFICES: TRENTON, N. J. 
Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange 


_ Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 
is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. 


For nearly sixty-five years the 


Scientific American 


has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress 

made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. 

Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 

in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to 

the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains 

authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. 
Subscription price, $3.00 per year. 


The Season’s Best Club Combinations 


Scientific American or American 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens............... $3.00 } omes and Gardens ............... $3.00 
Review of Reviews .................. 3.00 ¢ $4.45 McClure’s Magazine................. 1.50 $5 35 
~ $6.00 j Review of Reviews eS 00 . 
Scientific American or American ) “pe 7:50 
Homes and Gardens $3.00 Scientific American or American 
Review of Reviews... i Homes and Gardens............... $3.00 
World’s Work ; $6.80 Wiorld’si works eran 3.00 $5 10 
Magacostecbeseveauten aos f Deli 1 
0 CliNCAtOLn i nt ere ae d 
Scientific American or American 
Sc eueific American or. auuhees Homes and Gardens ....$3.00 | 
asd dasscores 3.00 ) : 
Everybody’s Magazine 1.50 se LEO s Magazine........ as nol $4.60 
Wotld’s Worl... 8100)|) S9s80 ||| oman sittome Companion 7711.25 
~ $7.50 J $5.75 


After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina. 
tions including Woman’s Home Companion. 


MUNN ® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


July, 1909 


ings and sketches are added. ‘The value of the 
book is greatly enhanced with the introduction 
by Mr. Wilson Eyre on the planning of the 
country house. Mr. Eyre has given such 
ample evidence of his profound knowledge of 
this subject that whatever he may have to say 
upon it has distinct value alike to the architect 
and the layman. 


SANITATION AND SANITARY ENGINEERING. 
By Wm. Paul Gerhard, C.E. New 
York: Published by the Author. Pp. 175. 
Price, $1.50. 


Originally published under the title of 
“Sanitary Engineering,” the present work has 
been greatly enlarged in this new edition. Its 
specific purpose is to review the whole field 
of sanitary engineering, and this it does in a 
very broad way. ‘The scope of the book does 
not call for a discussion of sanitary processes 
or of ways and means in sanitary work; but 
it seeks to emphasize the importance of the 
sanitary engineer and to make clear his func- 
tions in modern life. This is a highly impor- 
tant aspect of the subject, perhaps nowhere 
discussed so ably or so clearly as here. ‘The 
author treats at some length of the actual 
practice of the sanitary engineer, then de- 
scribes his work in times of epidemics, war and 
in sudden calamities, presents a review of the 
whole subject of sanitation for the last fifty 
years, and concludes with chapters on sanita- 
tion in Greater New York and in Russia. 


THE SUMMER GARDEN OF PLEASURE. By 
Mrs. Stephen Batson. Chicago: A. C. 
McClurg & Co. Pp. 231. 


The’ reader of this volume will be im- 
mensely attracted by the very beautiful, if ex- 
ceedingly impressionistic, paintings, by Osmund 
Pittman, with which it is illustrated. These 
comprise thirty-six plates, reproduced in color, 
and are, for the most part, charmingly done 
and beautifully reproduced. It is an English 
book, written for English conditions, and, 
hence, not always quite so literally available for 
American conditions as might at first be sup- 
posed. But the intelligent flower lover will 
have no difficulty in translating English con- 
ditions into American, and no one can help 
gaining useful information from the book if it 
is rightly sought and used. Mrs. Batson writes 
for the creator of the “plain” garden, although 
she does not use that word; but she seeks to 
help those who are cultivating general gardens 
under general conditions, and thus leaves to 
other guides information as to the specialistic 
gardens which are now somewhat in vogue. 
She specializes, also herself, in presenting plans 
and suggestions for the flowering garden late 
in the season—a phase of gardening that well 
deserves the extensive treatment it receives 


in this book. 


AMERICAN Pouttry CULTURE. By R. B. 
Sando. New York: The Outing Pub- 
lishing Co. Pp. 265. 


Although intended expressly for the guid- 
ance of those who desire to keep only a small 
flock of birds for pleasure and profit, and ap- 
pealing directly to the beginner, this book is 
completely available for those who keep fowl 
on a larger scale. It is thus largely devoid 
of technicalities, and is designed, in every 
way, to meet the requirements of the special 
class of readers for whom it has been written. 
The author covers the whole field of his sub- 
ject, telling his story in a straightforward way, 
illustrating it with photographs where they are 
needed, and producing a book of eminent 
practicability. It is exactly the kind of a book 
that every beginner in the chicken industry 
needs, and the old timers will find it quite as 
useful as well. 


Hardware 


for the 
Right House 


Elaborately designed hard~ 

ware is entirely out of keep- 

ing with a house of rather plain 

architecture. To secure har- 

monious results, consult your architect 

as to the style of hardware trimmings 

you should select, then from among the 
seventy and more patterns of 


Sargent’s 


Artistic 


Hardware 


you can choose the particular design that 
appeals to your sense of the appropriate. 
Sargent's Hardware is famous for its 
beauty as well as for its durability and 
splendid workmanship. If you are build- 
ing a new home, or remodeling the old 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 


one, you should write for 


Sargent’s Book of Designs 
—Sent Free 


This book illustrates nearly fourscore of 
the most beautiful patterns ever designed 
for hardware trimmings. Every style 
and period of Architecture is represented 
by several designs. 


Those interested in the Colonial should also re- 
quest a free copy of Sargent’s Colonial Book. 


stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


ilices Fireproofing Departments: 


SARGENT & COMPANY ili 4 ALBERT OLIVER, 
4] WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building 
CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street 
BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. 
CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building 


156 Leonard Street; New York 


DEPLETE LIAL NEDSS E IIT 


JUST PUBLISHED 


The New Building Estimator 


BY WILLIAM ARTHUR 
A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the 


cost of labor and material in building 

construction from excavation to finish, with 

various practical examples of work pre- 

sented in detail, and with labor figured 

chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for 
architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- 
neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 
inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid 


AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS 


A circular describing this book will be mailed on application 


MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


1 MADISON AVE., 
ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 

SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg. 
SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 
SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company 


NEW YORK 


Koll’s Patent 
Lock-Joint Columns 


CS, 


KOLLS 
PATENT 


EY 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or 
Interior Use are made 
exclusively by 


Hartmann - Sanders 
Company 
Elston and Webster Avenues 


CHICAGO, ILL. 


Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway 
NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or 
A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See 
also " Sweet's Index.") 


orated 
alcum 


Mennen Preparati Mennen’s Borated Violet Talcum Toilet 
P ations Powder and Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toilet 


Powderareacomfortand delightafterbathing. They protectand preserve the delicate 
skin, relieve sunburn, allay prickly heat and other skin irritations and prevent chafing. 


Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toilet Powder is absolutely necessary to Baby’s 
comfort and well being. 


Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap (blue wrapper) is delicately perfumed for toilet use. 
It makes an abundant creamy lather which soothes and softens the skin. Its antiseptic 
properties prevent infection, and it cures or prevents the skin irritations 


GERHARD MENNEN Co., 67 Orange Street 


For Sale Everywhere, 25c. 
Newark, N. J. 


or by mail postpaid 


TOILET POWDER 


The Toilet Cabinet is Incompletely Furnished That Does 


Not Contain All of the 


particularly common among young children. ‘ 


For Shampooing nothing excels Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap. It thoroughly 
cleanses the scalp and makes the hair very soft and bright. 


Mennen’s Borated Tooth Powder gives the mouth a sense of exquisite cleanness 
and sweetness. It is an antiseptic and germicide, and while protecting and preserv- 
ing the teeth, promotes the health of the entire oral cavity. 

Guaranteed by the Gerhard Mennen Chemical Co., under the Food and Drugs Act. June 30. 1906. 
The original and genuine—the kind you have always used. | Why take chances with new so-called “Baby 
Powders,” when you know that the genuine Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toilet Powder isscientifically prepared 


from the purest materials, and has always given your babies and yourself the relief you seek? Don’t take any 
chances with powders of unknown quality, when you can purchase the genuine as cheaply as the imitations. 


Serial No. 1542. 


AUGUST, 1909 


TT. 


iw Z 


eg eM espe 


“ A YEAR SE [ENTS 
$3.00 wae «& OCIOMUPA NY. Publishere \ SE 2 “ 


Our line comprises the 
finest and most complete 
designs of high-class clocks 
on the market. Our move- 
ments are superior in 


the purchaser is asswei | | | Many Uses of a Conservatory 


the purchaser is assured 


that he can buy the best Not only is your conservatory a flower garden, connected with your 
by ordering a Waltham. house and serving you the year round, but it may be a living-room, 
‘ where the morning sun-bath is enjoyed, or the afternoon tea delightfully 

We will soon have : served. It adds another unique, attractive room to your home, one 

ready for delivery, our new from which all the family will get great satisfaction and comfort. 

Chiming Movement which Consult us about its construction. 

chimes either Westmin- 

ster, Whittington or St. 

Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
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tion and appeals to those 
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If your local dealer does 
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pe SS Seen oie. 


Waltham) Clscks @ornane Hitchings & Company 


Waltham, Mass. Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. 


S 
JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED 


CRAFTSMAN HOMES ||| {MERICAN 


By GUSTAV STICKLEY TA Review of Domestic Architecture 
Dy Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect P 


A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, 
ILLUSTRATED dy NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES 


Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions 
Ee or gardens, gatesmandmspercolass 
models for furniture, metal work 
and needlework. ‘The house plans comprise a choice collection of about 
fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages 
and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high 
recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style 
of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. 
CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, 
porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, 
exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and 
structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior 
woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, SOTERA Gran) aan CARDO RROME 
SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- Fron Aiicrican Renaissance™ ° 
tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait 7 : 4 
sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. This book is a carefully prepared history 
of American Domestic Architecture from 


MUNN ¢ COMP ANY, 361 Broadway, New York Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- 


orate manner and worthy a place in every 
architectural library, and should be read by 
every one who desires to familiarize him- 
self with Colonial architecture and its effect 
on the architecture of to-day. 


Th, AN BOY CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; II., Art 
@ and Commercialism; III., The Ancient 
Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble 


By A. RUSSELL’ BOND Beginnings of a National School; V., The 
Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- 


J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. tury Work; VII, The Transitional 
a a a Pa oii -T oh ae Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- 


STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from ative Value; IX., Fashion in_Architec- 
ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning 


affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are : 
| ds 2 : : 3 F Style; XII., Conclusion. 
given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 


| such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP 


Price, $4.00 net 
MUNN & CO., PusiisHers, NEW YORK 


MUNN & CO. “sciensifif"Svtnican’ 361 Broadway, New York 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


me 


Me shore ts nou- 
ey larged and Shocalired mm 


Men’s Store 
Book Store 


Women’s Store Galleries 
Jewelry Store Furnishing and Decoration 


Housewares Basement Pianoforte Salons 


INTERNATIONAL MAIL ORDER SERVICE 


TO HOME LOVERS 


a|HO, among the countless visitors to the Wanamaker Stores, 

‘ BS can forget the first view of the Galleries of Furnishing and 
i ls Decoration, and the quick, delicious feeling of surprise, in 
ax@|| the superbly appointed Piano Salons, the exhibits of a long 
(S) perspective of the world’s famous Pianos and the daily 


= concerts in the great Auditorium; the pleasing sense of nov- 
elty in the beautiful Ceramic Galleries, Crystal Alcoves, Picture and Art 
Salons; the joyful consciousness of entering on a long anticipated pleasure 
in the splendid Drapery Gallery, the three vast Furniture Galleries, and 
the famous ‘‘House Palatial,’’ whose Furnishing Arts exhibits delight the 
senses and thrill the hearts of A MILLION AND A HALF VISITORS 
ANNUALLY! 


(1) Those who will be in New York during vacation season are cordially invited to be our 
guests, and mingle with the home lovers, from all over the country, who find the Galleries’ 
2 displays so eloquent in suggestion and inspiration in the 
Home-Making Arts; and to revel in the displays in the 
Women’s Store—the old A. T. Stewart Building. 


(2) Those who are unable to visit us, and who will write, will 
be mailed (without charge, postpaid) a copy of the daintily 
illustrated Wanamaker “GUIDE BOOK,” which tells all 
about both stores, the latest fashions in Home Furnishing and 
Women’s and Men’s Apparel, and describes our various cata- 
logues and folios, our system of sending samples, and the 
Correspondence Advisory Bureau of the Wanamaker Inter- 
national Mail Order Service. 


The Chippendale Tea Table, here illustrated, is taken 
from our folio of “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” and is 


one of four hundred and fifty-one pieces, therein shown. 


(3) Those who have a room—or house—to decorate and fur- 
nish, and who will send us a rough sketch, or blue print, will 
receive samples, color schemes, pictures of furniture, sug- 
gestions and estimates, if they will address our “DECORA- 
TIVE ADVISORY BUREAU,” Section B—no charge for this 


service. Send communications to the New York Store. 


JOHN WANAMAKER 
NEW YORK 


The ‘‘Rushbrooke”’ Tea Table 
No, 366, Solid Mahogany 
$48.00 


Philadelphia 


Sample and 
Circular 
Free 


A House Lined with 


Mineral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. 

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 


MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and 


keeps out dampness. 


CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 


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140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY 


LONGITUDINAL BECTION, 


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: 
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Sporting-Goods Store 


"THE ENOS COMPANY announce the removal of 

their Salesrooms te No. 36 West 37th Street, 
where may be found a complete exhibition of the 
best forms of lighting fixtures. 


The ENOS COMPANY 


Office and Factory: 
7th Av. and 16th St. NEW YORK 


Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, 
Inc., 9 Park Street 


Makers of 
Lighting Fixtures 
Salesrooms: 
36 West 37th St. 
Chicago: W. K. Cowan 
& Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. 


Baltimore: 519 North San Francisco: 1748 
Charles St. California St. 
Pittsburg: G. P. Norton, Toronto: 94 King St. 

Century Building est 
St. Louis: N. O. Nelson Spokane: Cutter & 
Mfg. Co. Plummer, Inc. 


Portland, Ore.: J. C. 
English Co., 128 Park St. 


Seattle: Cox & Gleason, 
1914 Second Ave. 


Ee ae 


ANDREWS, JACQUES & RANTOUL, Architects, Bosiou 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile 
Reds and beautiful Silver Grays. 


PETRIFAX 


Damp-Resisting 
INTERIOR and EXTERIOR COATING 
FOR BRICK, CONCRETE or CEMENT 
““If the coat fits, put it on’” 
DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St., New York; John D.S. Potts, 
218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, 
Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, 
Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M- D. Francis, Atlanta, 
Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. 


js, Antiques 


Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 
request. List your wants 
of antiques with me. 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 
IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


Wall Papers and Wall 


Coverings Abpracticalitiantibook 


For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders 
and House Owners, with many half-tone and 
other illustrations showing latest designs 


By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 


Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives 
reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers 
and describes the practical methods of applying them 


One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


11 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ; August, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR FERREE 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13 inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 
houses and charming gardens . 

in America. ‘The illustrations are in 

nearly all cases made from original 

photog1aphs, and are beautifully printed 

S 4 on double coated paper. Attractively 
>  yapneneesngnany onntanngy | eqgeree en oe bound. The book will prove one of 
ee : . the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 

desire to purchase a luxurious book 

on our American Homes. 


Hunn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By = HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 

T. BYARD COLLINS BN, | | Zr taken place in American agricultural methods which are 

NET MISZ| transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 

Bro mClothn 13 716)Paves PSX | ee i independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 

i] to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 

in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 
ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., Publishers a 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii 


| & < 
|» iN 
i Spe ah 
i iS | Meh 


= 
c, 


ee. 
v4 


N the designing and manufacture { 
of Period and Art cases to 
harmonize with any plan of 

architecture or decoration, 
Steinway and Sons are the 
recognized leaders, as in all other 
departments of piano making—a 
distinction they kzve enjoyed for ae 
three generations. Every ae 


EINWAY | 


ART PIANO 


is atrue representation of its respective period— 
a veritable gem of beauty and perfection. A 
visit to the Steinway Studios will reveal that, in 
these masterpieces of pianocraft, music and 
decorative art are so deftly blended that they 
at once command the admiration and praise of 
architect, artist and connoisseur. 


Gama 


Cay CS 
are 


a « 
Se 
: Re =~ 
ns ie ECE 
Roce 
Pt 
CER 


Louis X V, 
mahogany 
y= «with 

\ SS ormolu 


\y mounts. 


ae 


f 
j 


very — 


STEINWAY & SONS, gas 


Steinway Hall, 107-109 East 14th Street, New York 
(Subway Express Station at the Door) 


= OLONIAL houses 
demand simple 
treatment in 
hardware orna- 
mentation. A 
design in French 
Renaissance or 
L’Art Nouveau would be 
incongruous. For homes 
of Colonial Architecture, 
Sargent & Company 
provide a wide range 
of choice in hardware 
trimmings. 


Sargent’s 
Artistic Ekardware 


adds not only to the artistic beauty of any home, but increases its selling 
value as well. The vast superiority in appearance and the wearing quali- 
ties of Sargent’s Hardware more than offset any slight increase in cost 
over inferior goods. Even if the most expensive goods are selected, 
the cost of the hardware is but a small proportion of the total cost of 


building. 
Sargent’s Book of Designs—Sent FREE 
illustrates a number of hardware patterns especially for homes of Colonial 
Design. But among the seventy and more styles pictured can be found 
designs appropriate for any style, period or architectural motif. In addition 
to the Book of Designs we will send free to anyone requesting it our 
COLONIAL BOOK—showing Cut Glass Knobs, Knockers, etc. Address 
SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York 


Automobile Owners 
and Drivers 


ATTENTION! 


Stop that constant vibration by having the 
fly-wheel of your engine given a perfect 
running balance. This machine is used 
by the principal builders. 


Patent Motor Fly-Wheel Balancer 


MANUFACTURED BY 
THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


Garden Terra Cotta 


Italian Flower Pots 


HE GALLOWAY: POTS have met the 

popular demand for an ornamental pot, 
having strength, durability and artistic design 
at a reasonable price. Made in three shapes 
and all sizes. 

Our Booklet, “Terra Cotta and Pottery for 
Garden and Home,” filled with beautiful designs 
of Pots, Vases, Sun Dials, Benches and 
other pieces of garden furniture, will be sent 
upon request. 


William Galloway 
3222 Walnut Street PHILADELPHIA 


HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 
Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 
Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
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manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF 


MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


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Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


ANY BEA 


LANE BROS. CO. ( 


New Papers on 


Concrete 


Reinforced 
Concrete 


Concrete 
Building 
Blocks 


Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an 
article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. 
The article clearly describes the proper com- 
position and mixture of concrete and gives the 
results of elaborate tests. 


Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the 
proportion of gravel and sand to be used in 
concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 
1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion 
by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems 
of reinforcing concrete, concrete construction, 
and their applications. These articles constitute 
a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced 
concrete. Nothing better has been published. 


Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an 
article by Spencer Newberry, in which practical 
notes on the proper preparation of concrete are 
given. 


Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 
present a helpful account of the making of 
concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplement 1534 gives a 
critical review of the engineering value of re- 
inforced concrete, 


¢/Vianufacturers 


EACH NUMBER of the SUPPLEMENT COSTS 10 CENTS. 
TAINING ALL THE ARTICLES ABOVE MENTIONED WILL BE MAILED for $3.40 


Order from your Newsdealer or from 


MUNN & CO., Publishers, srosiway, New York City 


ABUTTING ITS SUPPORT IS 


BEST HELD ON OUR 


OIST 
HANGERS 


¢/Made in over 100 listed 
sizes and any modification 
to order. 


The Door hee) 434-466 PROSPECT ST. 


Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 
give a resumé in which the various systems of 
reinforced concrete construction are discussed 
and illustrated. 


Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 
contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, 1n which 
the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are 
analysed, 


Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the 
principles of reinforced concrete with some 
practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. 


Scientific American Supplement 1573 contains an 
article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of 
success in concrete block manufacture, illus- 
trated. 


Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses 
steel for reinforced concrete. 


Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 
1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., 
on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- 
tion and use for farm purposes. ‘he paper ex- 
haustively discusses the making of mortar and 
concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, 
wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- 
struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. 


Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valu- 
able suggestions on the selection of Portland 
cement for concrete blocks. 


Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly 
discusses concrete aggregates. A helpful paper. 


Scientific American Supplements 1595 and 1596 
present a thorough discussion of sand for mortar 
and concrete, by Sanford E, Thompson. 


Scientific American Supplement 1586 contains a 
paper by William L. Larkin, on concrete mixing 
machinery in which the leading types of mixers 
are discussed. 


Scientific American Supplement 1626 publishes a 
practical paper by Henry H. Quimby on con- 
crete surfaces. 


Scientific American Supplement 1624 tells how to 
select the proportions for concrete and gives 
helpful suggestions on the treatment of con- 
crete surfaces. 


Scientific American Supplement 1634 discusses 
forms for concrete construction. 


Scientific American Supplement 1639 contains a 
paper by Richard K. Meade, on the prevention 
of freezing in concrete by calcium choloride. 


In Scientific American Supplement 1605 Mr. 
Sanford E. Thompson thoroughly discusses the 
proportioning of concrete. 


Scientific American Supplement 1578 tells why 
some fail in the concrete block business. 


Scientific American Supplement 1608 contains a 
discriminating paper by Ross F. Tucker on the 
progress and logical design of reinforced con- 
crete. 


A SET of PAPERS CON- 


POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 


MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 
By E. P. Powell 


VI—THE EVOLUTION OF> Tie 
AMERICAN COUNTRY HOUSE 


HEN New Englanders started on 

their pioneering westward the cottage 

style was dominant in New England. 
The building was so very solid that a good 
many samples still endure. “The beams were 
pinned together at every joint, and all the 
braces, with pins of beech wood, running 
through timbers not less than one foot in di- 
ameter. After settling a trifle these pins be- 
came sufficiently bent to make it impossible 
to drive them out. ‘To tear down such a house 
needed the ax and a cross-cut saw. ‘The 
clapboards were left until they became moss- 
covered, although generally retaining their 
position. “There were holes enough through 
which bumble bees entered and made their 
homesteads. I have known honey bees to find 
spaces large enough for a large storage of 
honey. Bumble bees took their honey from 
thistles which were abundant not only in the 
pastures, but in the streets; and from the 
hollyhocks which our fathers and mothers 
planted everywhere. I remember a row that 
went clear round a large field of corn. ‘The 
houses were too flat roofed, and frequently 
leaked. ‘The attics were constructed so that 
little heat could be wasted from the lower 
rooms. ‘The kitchen was the heart of the 
house, and one-third of it was a great open 
fireplace. Here the family assembled for 
paring bees, knitting bees and all sorts of 
games. Here the neighbors visited and gos- 
siped. Out of the kitchen opened one or 
more bedrooms, and a stairway to the small 
attic rooms, sometimes used for sleeping. he 
spare room also opened from the kitchen, when 
not in use held the spinning wheel and the 
rolls. The cellar of this house was rarely 
more than a dugout where the vegetables 
were stored. “The beams were low and the 
windows generally entirely lacking. Furni- 
ture was largely home-made, especially the 
stools, the tables and a possible lounge. There 
was one small table, called the stand, which 
held the candle by which the mother could 
see to read the Bible just before retiring at 
nine o’clock. The smaller children slept in 
a trundle-bed, fitted to roll under the larger 
bed of the parents during the daytime. 

This style of house was the germ of those 
which have been evolving through the Nine- 
teenth Century and up to the present time. 
The pioneers into New York very soon took 
a distinct step forward both in the style of ar- 
chitecture and in the comfort provided. The 
cellars were raised well above the ground, 
and were ventilated as well as lighted. “The 
floors, however, were not yet grouted and 
drainage was very inadequate. Such rooms 
were entirely unsafe to be under a dwelling, 
for they contained the mingled odors of de- 
caying cabbage, mold and other waste mate- 
rial. The kitchen grew smaller, and the 
number of rooms increased. ‘The brick oven 
was still built into the side of this house, and 
was used for “Thanksgiving feasts. “There 
was no wasting of coal, for no one had yet 
heard of either anthracite or bituminous. 
Every farmer had his own wood lot, and coal 
meant half-consumed scraps of maple and 
beech. The cleanest sticks of hickory or 
maple were none too good for the kitchen 
fire; and I have seen large barns built en- 
tirely of select black walnut. The door of 
this house generally opened at a corner, and 
directly into the living-room, which was still 
the kitchen. The parlor put in an appearance 
early in the century, and was furnished with 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


a black hair-cloth sofa, a rocking-chair and 
six cane-bottomed chairs. On a cherry table 
lay the family Bible, a copy of “Josephus,” 
and another of “Foxe’s Book of Martyrs.”” On 
the shelf over the fireplace stood two iron can- 
dlesticks for common use, and two of brass for 
company. Everybody knew how to snuff a 
candle with his fingers and not get burned, 
but snuffers were provided on a little tray, 
that worked much like shears. Stoves began 
to innovate, and a stovepipe ran up through 
the floor to warm the attic. The warming- 
pan was provided for the spare bed, and a 
foot-stove was carried to church with a basin 
of coals inside for the use of women. This 
was the only heat that orthodoxy allowed in- 
side the churches. 

This fashion held on until about 1840. 
About this time the gables were turned 
around, so that the side of the house faced 
the street. The door was invariably placed 
in the middle, and opened into a capacious 
hall. Style demanded one large room on 
each side of this hall, and a stairway reach- 
ing the second floor where the same arrange- 
ment was repeated. One side of the hall, 
both upstairs and down, was devoted to visit- 
ors, and when these were lacking were care- 
fully shut up against dust. ‘The result was 
a charge of must that permeated every article 
as well as the walls. The attic now became 
a garret or third story, a sort of storeroom 
for everything that was sacrificed to fashion. 
It generally contained also a chest of old 
papers, for as yet every paper or pamphlet 
was sacredly preserved. To the rear was al- 
most surely a wing, including the kitchen and 
“buttery,” for the kitchen was no longer the 
soul of the home. The old-fashioned stoop 
gave way to porches—the stoop was an inside 
hollow space, and the porch was the same 
space outside. The stoop was borrowed from 
the Dutch, and was a cozy social place for 
resting after meals in warm weather. One 
more token of pride and style was the dis- 
placement of the seven by nine panes of glass; 
these becoming eight by ten. 

About 1840 the dominance of classical 
studies in the schools and academies began 
to tell on home life. A few New England 
homesteads had already been standing behind 
huge porticos large enough for Socrates and 
his pupils to discuss world problems. Now 
these classical inspirations began to follow 
New England colleges and the whole line of 
westward migration. It was in 1825 that 
the Erie Canal was finished, and the tide of 
pioneers flowed over New York and _ into 
Ohio and Michigan. Michigan University 
was founded as early as 1818. It was, how- 
ever, fully 1840 before the classical spirit 
affected common life. This Greek-temple busi- 
ness, however, fortunately did not last very 
long with our Yankee forebears. It did one 
good thing in the passing, it gave a large 
stimulus to out-door life, for the porch was 
seldom pinched, and even our modern veranda 
builders can take a hint from its roominess. 

An evolution of a more complex sort be- 
gan about 1850. We were all burning coal 
at last, and there were half a dozen stoves 
to a roomy house, with sometimes a grate or 
two. These stoves were a mass of gloomy 
iron, and it was a sorry failure that tried to 
make them ornamental with open fronts. 
This use of coal and stoves accomplished this 
much, that they broke up concentration, and 
provided more private rooms and individu- 
ality. Houses lost their uniformity, and each 
occupant of a house, now having his own 
room, liked to have it provided with a closet, 
and a bayed window or porch. A vast variety 
of styles was the consequence. Independence 
was in the ascendency and criticism was free. 
There were some very cozy and some very 
beautiful houses built, but this made all the 


When You Buy Hose Buy RUBBER HOSE | 
hat’s the only kind of hose that iz 


will wear. 
don’t think it is necessarily rubber inside. 


hose is 


— 
Vy 


iM 


And because a hose has a rubber cover || Yf 
The usual 


canvas daubed with rubber cement and 


wrapped around a mandrel. 
The finest hose in the world is 


Electric Garden Hose 


Here is 


how it’s made. A series of woven jackets in one piece of 


high-test cotton fabric alternating with layers of fine grade rubber. 


The whole 


pressure won’t burst it. 


vulcanized into one solid seamless piece. 400 Ibs. water 
You can buy any length up to 500 feet. 


That construction makes Electric wear twice as long as 


any other hose. 


begin to 


Isn’t it worth a cent or two more not to 
patch and repair before the season is half over ? 


Before you spend a penny on hose ask your hardware 
dealer or seedsman to show you 


Electric Hose 


ane . 
wut? 


SS 


Cottage Designs 


No. 1. Cottage Designs 
Twenty-five designs, ranging in 
cost from $600 to $1,500 

No. 2. Low Cost Houses 


Upward of twenty-five designs, 
costing from $750 to $2,500 


Want To Tell You How 


Electric Hose & Rubber Co. 
Wilmington, Del. 


DON’T BE KNOGKED OVER 


By Stenches from Backyard Debris 


Why not look up the Stephenson Method, seven years 
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your family by installing The Stephenson 


Underground Garbage Receiver 


which removes all objections of the old swill-tub? 


The Stephenson Underground Refuse Receiver for Ashes. 
The Stephenson Underground Earth Closets for Camps. 
The Stephenson Portable Metal House for Above. 

The Stephenson Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two. 


SOLD DIRECT 


Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer 
21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. 


WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF 


RUSTIC WORK 


that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic 
finish to the country place. 
Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for 


Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, 
Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. 


Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City 


This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 


We Put 
You can save not only the dealer’s profits but his excessive charges 
for installation and repairs by dealing direct with the manufacturers. Every Cent 
You can keep in your own pocket at least one-third the retail price of [i amas Lee 
a heating plant. Let us tell you all about the 3 


D Profits into Your 
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Only $10 down and $10 per month, with freight prepaid east of the Mississippi River. 

This wonderful furnace has proven its superiority above all others during the last 30 years. It is without doubt the very 
best heating system for your home. It S@ve@S from }¢ to 44 in fuel bills, because the patented ‘‘down-draft’’ burns hsrd 
or soft coal—wood or lignite—without cinders or clinkers, giving full heating value of every particle of fuel. Needs less atten- 
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free use of the furnace. Yourun norisk, as we supply special plans, full directions and give free all meces= 
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No matter what make or system of heating you are considering, let us tell you more about the many conveniences 
and good points of our furnace; it’s economy, it’s healthfulness and how you e*™ save money. 
Write today for our book No. 17 


The Jahant Heating Company, Akron, Ohioz 


By far the most complete 
collection of plans ever 
brought out ¢ Illustrated 


No.3. #flodern Dwellings with full-page plates ¢ ¢ 


Twenty designs, at costs ranging 


from $2,000 to $5,000 
No. 4. Suburban Homes 


Twenty selected designs, costing 
from about $3,000 upward 


$1 each ® Sold separately 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
361 BROADWAY : NEW YORK 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN 


August, 1909 


silo Ses eeereaneaeet 
a ~ 


Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak 


is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and 
by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. 


ZS 


Cross section The name 
showing con- “Morgan” 
struction of is branded 


1%; inch door. on each door. 

Li BURN LE AOE i a Mei ces Mi asia Ee ee 

are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- 
proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— 
birch, plain or quarter-sawed ted or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 

Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 
Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. 
In our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in 
all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best 
and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. 
Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. 


Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. 
Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


CEMENT 


Its Chemistry, Manufacture C® Use 


Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an 
article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution 
of Portland cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses 
the testing of cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an 
article by Prof. William K. Hatt giving an his- 
torical sketch of slag cement, 


Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 
give good accounts of cement testing and com- 
position, by the well-known authority, Spencer 
B. Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 
present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on 
the constitution of Portland cement from a 
physico-chemical standpoint. ‘i 


Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some 
fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland 
cement. 


Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 
publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the 
Edison Portland cement works, describing the 
machinery used. 

Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an 
essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with | 
materials which retard the activity of Portland 
cement! 

Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an 
excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of 
mortars and cements. 

Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a 
resumé of the cement industry and gives some 
valuable formulae. 

Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. 
Stone is the author. 


Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 
contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on 
cement material and industry ot the U. S. 


Any one of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and 


constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. 


MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York 


Order from your Newsdealer or from 


Country Homes 


may enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


Economy &as Machine 


Produces light, kitchen and 
Lighted the same as electric, but 
Write for booklet, ‘‘ The 


Namabi “Wy 
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laundry fuel. 
without batteries. 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 


$= Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad 
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 


LARGE BARREL 
$4.00 Ditivered to yout Srengnt pee 


Apply now. 
The Pulvertzed Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


———= = 


== 
S| =o 4 


‘“FABRIANO’' Hand-Made Drawing Papers 

es Superior to any other hand-made paper 

F. Weber & Co.’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 
and Materials 


CLINCH right through the 

standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 


Berger Bros. Co. 


PHILADELPHIA 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
heric temperatures, and are designed 
or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 


tures. Send for new catalogues. 
THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEw YORK ranches CHICAGO 


JUST PUBLISHED 


THIRD EDITION OF 


KIDDER’S 
Churches » Chapels 


By F. E. KIDDER, Architect 


© 


This edition has been thoroughly revised by 
the author, and enlarged, many new designs 
being added, including several new designs for 
Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in 
the text and. more than 50 full-page plates. 
The book contains a large number of plans and 
perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- 
sides this there is much concise and practical in- 
formation relating to planning and seating ; 
details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, 
Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form 


The Best American Book on 
Church Design and Construction 


One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 


Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, New Pork City 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii 


more conspicuous the lot of those whose 
homes had hardly a suggestion of improve- 
ment. 

The color of the cottage of 1800 was gen- 
erally red; that of the 1820, was likely to be 


Colonial yellow; of the 1830 house, white with | ° Ai 

green blinds; while the 1840 house was NH: 4 
equally white, but the color of the blinds was ; 

brown or chocolate or even blue. The 1850 


house shows the neutral tints; that is, the color 
of the soil. “The reason for this was that 
houses had not yet escaped the old conven- 
tionalism which planted them close to high- 
ways, where they got a liberal supply of dust. 


There was nothing in front except a door- 4 f\ ses) ocomobile cars for 
yard or yard for the door. This, however, Hoja iS ‘ 
began to grow in size and furnish an oppor- | /\ , NY gv l0 combine the 
tunity for art in the way of fences. Thou- | (\¥ 7 
RY @t superior reliabilit 
and durability for which 


sands of neutral-tinted houses yet remain, but 
the passage of a stock law has pulled down 
fences all over the country; and houses are 


slowly shifting backward, with fine tree lawns | / L ¢ 4 

and shrubberies. It was quite natural that » 426 our product | 1S famous, 

street improvement should follow the stock | \“/s .s fr 7 j 

law; bull thistles be banished, and double rows \\O 22 with exceptional silence ; 
of trees make our highways park-like. We —~ in operation and notable oa 
are even beginning to line our streets with | | 9© ©)\ eye SILO A 
Fait trees. AS) easy riding qualities \% 


The changes indoors were as marked as 
those out of doors. Biddy appeared about 
1840, and by 1850 she had the kitchen all to 


“ wv ° ° | \ 1 
ee The family vacated this apartment rm A | | 30 Locomobile Shalt Drive I eat 
Ee ee oe ; 7 a 40 Locomobile Chain Drive x , 


to a reception-room, which generally took the 


place of the hall, and was used for welcoming \ <6 é Tourmg Cars, Roadsters, 


neighbors. The passage of the kitchen had 


. been the passage of the family room, and a sub- ; x 2 Limousines , Landaulets. 


stitute was sadly needed—and it soon was de- 
vised. In the earlier days papering walls was 


seldom practised, but they were not seldom | THE LOCOMOBILE COMPANY OFAMERICA | 


ornamented with pictures obtained from any 


conceivable source. 1830 covered the walls a r\ BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 
with great red peonies; 1840 went to more | ¢ | ey - NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO \<@ |) 
delicate sprays and columns; 1850 began to | Nf) PHILADELPHIA SAN FRANCISCO so 
talk of household art, and by 1880 conven- | a/@—~\) i hee |i 
tional flowers yielded to colors. About this C\ . ‘ i MEMBER ASSOCIATION OF LICENSED AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS Kz 
time also the houses, having been shoved far- | @ 44 °\" i by 


h : Gam \ | Send for booklet giving advance 
ther back from the street, began to indulge in | gpest, | information regarding 1910 models 
bright hues of red and green and yellow, more NS 4 

or less intermingled. Where ugliness existed 
these colors have had the effect of making it 
more conspicuous, and the confusion of colors 
opened the way to monstrous blunders in the 
way of taste; but the entire breakdown of 
conformity followed, and everybody studies 
household art indoors and out. 

This house evolution is not an unimportant 
feature of American history. It moved all the 
way straight forward from the simple to the 
complex, and marked distinct social changes. 
The future house will probably move along 
the same lines; that is, of retreat from the 
street; independence in architecture, and a 
much more marked development of individual 
taste and life. It will be more largely an out- 
of-doors affair, with very spacious verandas, 
sun-bath windows, sleeping rooms and dining- 
rooms that can be thrown wide open to sun- 
light and air. It will aim at letting in out of 
doors, so that we can enjoy all the landscape 
surroundings furnished by nature. Now that 
free-mail delivery widens the horizon and 
brings the country house closer to the run of 
social life, less importance will be attached to 
street happenings. [he street was formerly 
the newspaper. “The coming house will be a 
retreat more than a residence. It will grow 
up around our wants, rather than be a copy of 
other people’s conveniences. (Going much far- 
ther back from the street, it will secure a loca- 
tion where drainage will be easy and sanitation 
will be perfect. It will be more fond of trees 
and shrubbery and care less for formal flower 
beds. It will be homeful in every part, and 

(Continued on page xxiv) 


Science for the Evenings “““-~ 


The Heavens Without a Telescope 
A MOVING PICTURE OF THE UNIVERSE 


The Only Combination Sun, Moon, Star ana Planet Map 


Every Stellar body accurately placed for 
any date for the next twenty years, in the 
Northern Hemisphere. Indorsed by leading 
scientists. Requires no technical knowledge 
to use it. Complete mastery of the heavenly 
bodies in a few hours. 

Most graphic way of interesting all in the 
wonderful planetary system of the Universe. 
Chart is 15 inches square, with revolving disk 
map showing all stars. Made of heavy 
cardboard. 


4 For a limited time only, we offer our readers this 
Special Offer. splendid Planisphere at a special reduced price 
of $3.00, postpaid. Send for descriptive circular, 


MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York 


viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


Pe 


You never can tell what hour of the 
day or night a fire will break out in your 
factory, your office or your home. 


You know that your insurance would not repay your real fire 

loss. If you havea fire in your factory—think of the thou- 
sands of dollars you lose in orders you cannot fill—think of the 
disorganization of your working force, and think of the extra ex- 
pense of carrying on your business under difficulties! Think of 
the work your competitors are doing while you cannot work at all. 


If your home is burned—think of the loss of furniture, personal prop- 
erty and treasures which money can never replace, Think of the danger to 
yourself and to your family. Look more to the protection of your property 
than the reduction of your insurance rates, Last year’s fire loss was $382,000,000. 
One way to reduce it is better individual protection. Four-fifths of all fires in 
cities are put out by the chemical apparatus of fire departments—but it takes them 
valuable time to get there. 


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By A. Russet Bonn 


L2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations 
Price, $2.00, Postpaid 


STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, 


suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from 
affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative 
spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the 
various articles. The book contains a large number of miscella- 
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MUNN & COMPANY 


Publishers of ‘Scientific American” 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


The Garde me Yeour | own 


eo Er 


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Chat) in fie 


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M<S¥S itasuccessP If so, the Garden Competition Editor of American 
<% Homes and Gardens wants to know about it—he will pay $200 
in prizes for the five best-planted, developed and _ successful 
suburban or village gardens. Write to the Garden Competition 
Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you 
had with it; tell him of the plants with which you have had the best results, 
and also those which have been failures. Send him a good photograph 
and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help 
others to beautify their surroundings. You need not be a skilled writer to tell 
a story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. 


$200 for Prizes 


For the best garden received we will pay: 


For the First, - - - $100.00 
For the Second, - - 50.00 
For the Third, = 25.00 
For the Fourth, - - 15.00 
Hopthe Mitth 29 = = 10.00 
Conditions 


Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 

A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants 

used in planting. 

Drawings of the plot are to be made, preferably on a scale of eight feet to the inch, 

showing the positions of the various plants and shrubs. 

Photographs of the garden are to be sent printed on solio paper and should not be less 

than 5x7 inches in size. If possible to do so, please also send a photograph showing 

the garden before planting. 

Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a pseudonym, which is to 

be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. As 

soon as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they will notify the Editor, 

who will open the envelope bearing the proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’s 

true name. The competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the prize. 

5 The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and 
Gardens all gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. 
The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photograph. 

6 Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American 
Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York. 

7 The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants need not be sub- 
scribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind 
is required. Vo photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. 


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The Scientific American Boy 


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A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 
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XI 


American Homes and Gardens 


for September 


A Summer Cottage at Elberon, New Jersey 


The September number opens with a readable description, 
by Barr Ferree, of the interesting summer cottage erected 
by Daniel Guggenheim at Elberon, N. J. This spacious 
and elegant seaside villa is one of the more recent works 
of Carrere & Hastings, the well-known architects of 
New York. The house is elaborately illustrated within 
and without, and exhibits many points of interest. 


Swimming Pools for Private Gardens 


A timely subject of special interest to owners of large 
country estates is this notable paper on Private Swimming 
Pools. The illustrations include some picturesque repro- 
ductions of pools in famous gardens, and, in addition, 


detail drawings of a significant design not heretofore 
published. 


Vacation Home Making 


A helpful paper by Edith Haviland, full of practical 
suggestions and timely ideas. The writer knows her 
subject well and brings forward many attractive features 
that help to make the vacation home pleasant and agree- 
able. The article is abundantly illustrated, and is one 
of the most notable features of the number. 


Garden Trellises 


C. C. Grant, a successful designer of garden trellises, con- 
tributes a suggestive paper on this topic. He tells how 
trellises can best be made, how and where they are suit- 
able for use, and what are the best vines to grow against 
them. The article condenses a copious experience, and is 
illustrated with many handsome photographs of trellises 
and gardens. 


The House of Guaranteed Cost 


The house with a guaranteed cost—designs, plans and 
elevations of a house expressly designed for AMERICAN 
HoMEs AND GARDENS, and guaranteed by a reputable 
builder to be erected within sixty miles of New York for 
a set sum—is, this month, from the office of Walker & 
Hazzard, architects. It is an interesting design, sure to 
excite comment and win friends. 


Two Pages of California Bungalows 


Two full pages are devoted to reproductions of photo- 
graphs of bungalows built at Pasadena, Cal. There is 
a charming variety of low-cost houses in the collection, 
which is bound to attract wide attention. The addition 
of the cost price to each picture enables the readers to 
accurately gauge the value of each illustration to himself. 


Photographing Birds 


B. S. Bowdish contributes a fascinating chapter on one 
of the most delightful of outdoor sports, a sport full of 
real and living interest and yet which tends to preserve 
animal life. His paper abounds in interesting adventure, 
and is illustrated with many novel photographs showing 
exactly how he has photographed birds in his own ex- 
tended experience. 


Concrete Garden Ornaments 


Ralph C. Davison begins a short series of practical 
articles on Concrete Garden Ornaments in this article. 
He tells how to make an ornamental garden vase of con- 
crete, illustrating his description with the necessary detail 
drawings, and telling in plain simple words how the work 
may be done. ‘This group of articles opens up a new line 
of interested activity to the worker in the garden. 


L’Art Nouveau Houses in Austria 


Readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who are 
unfamiliar with the latest development of l’art nouveau 
in Europe will find this article by Ralph de Martin of 
singular interest. Here is a wholly new form of archi- 
tecture, highly developed, and used in domestic and or- 
namental structures. Mr. de Martin writes entertainingly 
of this remarkable phase of contemporary foreign art, 
and supplements his criticisms with many _ striking 
photographs. 


Do Plants Think ? 


A lively query made by Percy Collins, who contributes a 
thoughtful paper on this fascinating topic. Mr. Collins 
has something to say, and he says it directly and without 
hesitation. The photographic illustrations bear out the 
trend of his argument in a striking manner. 


A House in Massachusetts 


The fine residence of George Smith, at Philip Beach, 
Mass., is described and illustrated in a thoroughly ade- 
quate manner. It is a house of brick, developed in a 
very individual manner, and is most copiously illustrated 
within and without. 


The Departments 


As in previous months, the leading departments of AMER- 
ICAN HoMES AND GARDENS will be found of timely and 
special interest. [he editorial staff here speak directly 
to the reader, and many a special personal problem is 
helped and solved in these columns. 


Xl 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A / 
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“DARLINGTON”: the Inglenook of the Great Hall 

MoNTHLY COMMENT—The Repose of Country Life 

NoraBLE AMERICAN HomMes—“Darlington,” the Estate of George Crocker, Esq., Ramsey, 
New Jersey By Darr Ferree 

DesicNs DrREcT FROM NATURE By S. Leonard Monica Bastin 

““ANNESDEN,” the Summer Home of Miss Annie E. Quimby, Bridgehampton, Long Island. 

By Paul Thurston 

PLAYHOUSES FOR CHILDREN By Mary H. Northend 

A Group oF SMALL Houses—Costing from $3,000 to $10,000. By Francis Durando Nichols 

GRAPE CULTURE IN FRANCE By Jacques Boyer 

A House wirH A GUARANTEED Cost—A House That Can Be Built for Seven Thousand 


By Esther Singleton 
THE ROCHESTER CHEAP COTTAGE COMPETITION—The First and Second Prize Designs. 
By Sarah Tompkins Smith 
House oF JAMEs E. WHEELER, EDGEHILL RoAD, NEw HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 
By Charles Chauncey 


By Alice M. Kellogg xiv 
By Charles Downing Lay xiv 


Making a Country Home: VI. The Evolution of the American Country House. 
Home-Made Tools for the Amateur Gardener: The Work Table. 
A Pretty Kitchen Garden. 
New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should ia all cases be isclosed for postage if the wniters desire the return of their copy. 


i 
: 
* 
4 
é 
4 


e 


ee 


hee 


“Darlington” : the inglenook of the great hall, with entrance archway 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 Number 8 


“ Darlington”: the mansion is built on the summit of a ridge and overlooks the country for many miles around 


296 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
The Repose of Country Life 


NEW poet has arisen in the world. He has 
favored one of the New York daily papers 
with a little prose essay in which words are 
arranged in the most poetic fashion, so that 
the very dullest of readers must sit up and 
take notice. he soulful aspect of country 
lite has seldom been presented with more 
It is so choice a bit of pure literature that we 


exalted feeling. 
reproduce it entire: 


‘““WHEN man becomes weary of city life; when man is 
satiated with its glare and glitter, with its heartless artifici- 
ality, its sleepless energy, and its survival of the fittest; when 
man becomes weary of it all, he should withdraw for a while 
from its lights and shadows, and, amidst the peace and purity 
of country life, renew his health and his happiness. 

‘‘Amidst the silence and serenity of Nature, surrounded by 
the majesty of the mountains and the verdancy of the valleys, 
beneath the azure sky and the drifting cloud, where the bird 
and the brook and the breeze sing together and the forest 
and the field speak through the leaf and the flower; where 
the village lies scattered over the half-hidden valley, and the 
village church spire invokes its humble blessing; where the 
sun cheers the day, and the moon silvers the night, and the 
stars twinkle in a clear, unsullied firmament—such is Nature; 
such is the call of the wild; such is country life to which man 
should return when he becomes weary of the glare, glitter 
and artificiality of the modern metropolis.” 


Deticious! Is it not splendid and inspiring? In this 
gentle rhetoric the true soul of the poet is unveiled for the 
enlightenment, if need be, of quite common men and women. 
Real-estate owners, the purveyors of abandoned farms, the 
lessors of land everywhere, should immediately engage the 
services of this delightful author who, by the mere exercise 
of his imagination, could readily out-sell any half dozen of 
the “best sellers” of the fictional press. Surely Nature her- 
self has rarely produced a more ornate flower than this one 
we have plucked for the adornment of this page. 


WoOuLD that this exquisite picture were true! Would that 
but half of it were solid fact! Would that a quarter of it 
bore even a partial resemblance to actuality! But, alas, one 
can not seek the haven of the country without being in it and 
of it, and while no truer words than that ‘“‘the moon silvers 
the night’”” were ever uttered—and all the rest, so far as our 
poet leads us—none of these things has aught to do with 
bodily conditions, with the battle of existence, with the dif- 
ficulties with help, with the conflicts with Nature in raising 
crops or obtaining food, of making the land pay, or of even 
yielding the rent, with questions of taxation, with the idio- 
syncrasies of one’s neighbors, or with the vagaries of the 
local powers of government. This is, of course, bringing the 
poet down to hard life with a vengeance, yet agreeable as 
the products of the imagination may be, it is with the realities 
of things that life is chiefly concerned, and of no form of life 
is this truer than of country life. ; 


THE novice who seeks repose in country life enters upon 
an experience that may be both strange and weird, an ex- 
perience that is bound to test his patience and which is very 
likely to subject him to many unnecessary trials and embitter- 
ments. ‘The adventurer setting forth to conquer wild game 
in a distant continent deliberately seeks a life that offers every 
contrast to that to which he is accustomed. He goes into a 


strange world entirely aware of what he is doing and of what 
may happen to him while he is there. If he has been properly 
equipped, if he has familiarized himself with such details of 
this new wild life as may be available in civilized sources, the 
very things he thought would happen will happen. He will 
have his adventure, and perhaps plenty of it; he will live in 
the wild and be so very close to Nature that he can not sepa- 
rate himself from it unless he return to civilization and put a 
complete end to this enjoyable proximity. 


But the mere homeseeker in the country is very apt to have 
his delusions knocked out of him at so rapid a rate that he 
will have no energy to return to town, even if he has means to 
do so. Country life to the city-bred is a wholly new life. 
The most careful study of the problem, and the utmost of 
preliminary investigation, the most ambitious desire to suc- 
ceed, where success means comfort and quiet and peace will 
prove of little avail against the stern realities and solidities 
of country life. ‘Che most innocent things take on a new and 
horrifying reality, for Nature is never silent, and the hordes 
of cutworms and insects out in one’s own garden deprive 
the serenity of much of its reposefulness. The verdancy of 
the valleys is no longer joyful when the horrid lawn-mower 
stares one in the face, or its wheels positively refuse to go 
round. The drifting clouds are a bit tiresome when the roof 
is being repaired and all outdoor work must be postponed 
for the downpours of rain with which this natural phenome- 
non is accompanied. Nor does the scattering of the village 
exactly appeal to one, when one’s own house is a mile from the 
railroad station, and one must battle home through the rain, 
or wade knee high in drifts of snow, while the impossibility 
of getting any household necessity without going a long dis- 
tance for it—perhaps afoot—brings back a longing for a 
crowded trolley-car that is admittedly out of place in the 
concert of the bird, the brook and the breeze. 


Ir is sad to think that all this is true, but not nearly so 
sad as the sad truth itself. Rather by far the ecstasy of our 
poet, this dream-country of his extravaganza, this picture- 
world that can not be! Rather by far the dream than the 
reality everywhere. For have not the dreamers made the 
world? Do not our poets and our artists survive in memory 
and in work far beyond the fame of kings and men? And 
so the dream-world has its value, has its lessons and its use; 
but the home-maker in the country-side may well maintain 
that, after all, the realities of life have a practical every-day 
utility beside which the most sublime outpourings of the 
imagination have small relationship. 


REPOSE there is in the country, and plenty of it. And it is 
very beautiful and very abundant. But its enjoyment is only to 
be obtained at the price of hard work. One can not live suc- 
cessfully in the country without overcoming many difficulties. 
Some of these are personal, some exist in the land, some are 
due to the older inhabitants, some are due to the policy or 
lack of policy with which the district is governed. The 
human element is apt to carry as much weight in annoyances 
as the land question, and matters wholly outside of one’s con- 
trol may be as active in promoting discontent and unhappi- 
ness as those that one may personally direct and change. And 
if, from out this turmoil, one may snatch a few moments with 
the majesty of the mountains and the other peaceful aspects 
of the country, one may rest assured that one has won as 
much repose from Nature as the modern country life as 
practised and exemplified in the American suburbs can offer. 


August, 1909 


= als debapke: 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


297] 


The terrace front 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


‘Darlington, 


Se CATE doors of Darlington swing open to an 
GAS NS Re interior that is at once sumptuous and 
Z = grandiose. The entrance-hall is a stately 
apartment paneled in oak, with a geo- 
metrical ceiling of the same beautiful wood. 
The larger part of two sides is occupied 
with the staircase, a monumental structure 
with a carved balustrade of oak, with en- 


of rich beauty, 
riched newels and piers, some of which support statuettes. 
Two doorways nave been put in the right wall; one of these 
admits to the electric elevator by which the upper floors may 
be reached; the other opens into a coat room. To the left, 


and entered beneath the stairway, is the office. This is by 
no means a minor apartment, for its walls are encased with a 
high paneling of English oak, with a broad stretch of white 
plaster above. The beams of the ceiling are exposed and 
are supported on ornamental corbels. A superb panel of 
Japanese embroidery almost completely covers one end of 
the room. 

Directly in face, as one enters the entrance-hall, is a lofty 
arch; through it the eye is at once attracted to the great room 
beyond, and to the inglenook and fireplace with which the 
vista is closed. The arch does not, in fact, open immediately 
into the great hall, although it appears to do so, but into a 
corridor that is extended on the right and left to the farthest 
limits of the mansion. This passage is completely walled 
on the side by which it is entered, but on the inner side, 
where it adjoins the great hall, it is open. Here it has the 


” the Estate of George Crocker, Esq., Ramsey, New Jersey 


effect of a cloister walk, with open arches to the great hall, 
and a groined vaulted ceiling. Beyond the hall it has the 
true function of a corridor, but seen from the hall itself it 
is an integral part of this great apartment, whose dimensions 
are not only extended by its area, but whose beauty is greatly 
increased by this stately architectural treatment. 

The magnificent great hall is not only an exceedingly 
splendid room, but an apartment of the deepest interest. It 
seems scarcely necessary to add that it is the most important 
room in the house, for that is obvious by its size and situa- 
tion. But it is interesting not only because of its splendid 
architectural design, but for what it contains. The whole 
arrangement is exceedingly fine. There is a strong character 
connection between the entrance-hall, with its somewhat sub- 
dued treatment, and the more enriched splendors of this 
great room. It is superb in size, so large, indeed, that there 
is no dwarfing of the floor space by the large pieces of furni- 
ture with which it is supplied, as sometimes happens when 
the dimensions are less generous. Its structural features 
are likewise in thorough keeping with its monumental char- 
acter. It is two stories in height, the walls on three sides 
being lined with Caen stone, while on the fourth, or entrance 
side, is a two-story gallery in English oak, carved in the 
richest manner and a decorative feature as rare as it is 
effective. 

The lower walls to the springing of the arches in the en- 
trance arcade, both within the hall and in the outer corridor, 
are lined with oak paneling. ‘The Caen stone is exposed 


298 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


The terrace and woods beyond the entrance front 


August, 1909 


above this, and on each side are three great open windows 
that give upon the upper corridor; rich tapestries and ban- 
ners hang over their carved balustrade. Directly in the cen- 
ter of the longer side is the inglenook. The wainscoting 
here is more elaborate than elsewhere, and has somewhat the 
character of a gigantic mantel and fireplace. The opening, 
however, admits to a recess that is projected beyond the main 
wall line, and is a real inglenook, with fireplace and mantel, 
little windows on either side and side seats. The overmantel 
displays a paneled design in Caen stone inlaid with colored 
marbles, and the andirons are superb pieces of chased bronze. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


290 


Such, in very bald description, are the architectural char- 
acteristics of this splendid room. They alone would excite 
interest and arouse attention, but the contents of the room 
add enormously to its attractiveness. Rare tapestries are 
hung against unoccupied spaces of hall; rich embroideries 
are flung over the upper balustrades; and, above all, are the 
rare and beautiful collection of art works with which the 
room is thronged, its cabinets crowded, its walls and pedestals 
embellished and beautified. Mr. Crocker is the fortunate 
possessor of an exceedingly rare and beautiful collection of 
Japanese and Chinese porcelains, and many of his choicest 


The library ceiling was painted by James Wall Finn 


There is an immense triple window on either side of this 
center-piece. They open upon a terrace paved with red 
brick. On either end, against the projected wings of the 
main building, are loggias in Indiana limestone. There is a 
handsome balustrade enclosing the terrace, on which stand 
a row of orange trees in ample boxes and tubs. Grassed and 
floral terraces descend to lower levels, and beyond is a view 
of entrancing loveliness. 

The ceiling of the hall is directly articulated with the great 
carved screen of the entrance side, its beams resting on carved 
corbels, which are a part of its decorative features. Like the 
screen, the beams are of English oak and, like it, they are en- 
riched with carving. Carved pendants hang from the chief 
points of intersection. The panels are decorated plaster, and 
at each end hangs a massive silver chandelier. 


specimens are used for the embellishment of this chief room 
of his house. The room has not, indeed, anything of the 
character of a museum, yet it contains many a superb piece 
that many a museum might envy and be the richer for pos- 
sessing. One could, in truth, spend days in examining the 
treasures of this American palace, only to leave it with a 
sense of beauties unappreciated and of studies incompleted. 
One other single feature of the hall should be mentioned, 
and that is the large pipe organ that occupies much of the 
end. 

Although the great hall is, in a very true sense, the center 
of the house, the other chief rooms on this floor are quite 
commensurate with it in magnificence of appointments. Ina 
general way the plan of the house is H-shaped; in the center 
is the great hall, flanked with a wing on each end. In the 


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S AND GARDENS 


wall is treated as an oak-carved gallery 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


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The magnificent great hall is paneled with English oak and has walls of Caen stone; the entrance wall is treated as an oak-carved gallery in two stories; the room contains many notable works of art 


302 


right wing is the dining-room and breakfast-room; in the 
left, the library and drawing-room. 

The library has a low wood wainscot, with upper walls 
finished in plain gilt, thus presenting an effective background 
for the magnificent collection of paintings with which the 
room is hung. The mantel and chimney-breast are of Caen 
stone, designed with an elaborately carved upper panel. ‘The 
fireplace lining is of red brick and the andirons are gilded 
bronze. All the beams and rafters of the ceiling are exposed, 
the latter being very closely set, and all have been decorated 
with small paintings by James Wall Finn, in the style of the 
Italian Renaissance. The work has been marvelously well 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


is finished in white plaster, richly decorated and in high 
relief. Some fine old gilded mirrors are hung against the 
entrance wall, and on one side is a superb piece of old 
French tapestry. The rug is very soft in color, and forms a 
beautiful foundation for the rich furnishings. The walls 
have a low wainscot of wood, painted white, and relieved 
with a small band of hand-carving. 

Both these rooms are reached by an extension of the cor- 
ridor that forms so fine a feature of the great hall. Set 
within its wainscoted walls are glazed cases containing some 
of the rarest and most beautiful of Mr. Crocker’s porcelains. 
The cases are lighted by electricity from within, and when 


The breakfast-room has a richly decorated plaster ceiling and is hung with superb tapestries 


done, since it has all the character of an antique ceiling. 
The window curtains are of red velvet with gilt trimmings, 
but the color of the room is actually determined by the furni- 
ture, the coverings of which are of deep blue velvet or blue 
and gold. ‘The lamp shades, of deep red, give also a dis- 
tinctive note to the room. ‘The rug has a black ground, with 
figures of red, green and tones of yellow. 

Directly opposite is the drawing-room. Its walls are com- 
pletely lined with velvet brocade in white and gold, and are 
unrelieved with architectural features save for the monu- 
mental frame of carved wood, painted white, of the entrance- 
door, and the mantel of carved white marble that faces it at 
the other side of the room. The window curtains are of the 
same material, and the furniture is of the English type, lined 
with red and white velvet, with gilded frames. The ceiling 


so illuminated the wonderful beauty of their contents is seen 
at its best. Other porcelains and bronzes stand above the 
cases and help to convert this passage into.a veritable shrine 
of Oriental art. 

The dining-room is at the farthest end of the house and is 
finished throughout in California redwood. It is, in a sense, 
a memorial to Mr. Crocker’s early home, since the entire 
surfacing of the room is of California origin. The walls are 
designed in great panels, separated by pilasters, heavily en- 
riched with carving. At one end is the fireplace. Here the 
pilasters make way for Corinthian columns; on each side is 
a monumentally framed door, and in the center the fireplace 
encased in polished black marble, while above it is a portrait 
of Charles Crocker, Mr. Crocker’s father. The ceiling is 


extremely beautiful, with a great central oval of irregular 


August, 1909 


form, very heavily carved, while without the surface is carved 
in low relief. Like the walls, the ceiling is, throughout, of 
California redwood, but the plain rich wood alone is used 
for the center. The furniture is of English walnut with 
tapestry seats. On either side is a carved gilded sideboard 
with top of polished green marble. 

The breakfast-room, in the opposite end of this wing, is 
articulated with the dining-room by a spacious butler’s pan- 
try, within which is a stairway to the kitchen and service 
rooms below. Its size is practically identical with that of the 
dining-room. It has a low wood wainscot, above which the 
walls are covered with a figured pattern in low relief and 
cream and yellow in tone. The geometric ceiling is of 
plaster, and is very rich in design, with numerous hanging 
pendants. The window curtains are of red velvet. ‘The 


chief decoration of the room, however, is obtained from the 
magnificent tapestries which hang on the center of each wall, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


393 


crowned. ‘The general form of the plan has already been 
stated, but the pergolas and pavilions without the house 
which face the terrace front, and in which its total area is 
greatly extended, should be mentioned. ‘The treatment of 
the terrace front is, indeed, entirely monumental, the great 
grassed terraces being reached with long flights of stone 
steps, while the retaining wall that supports the upper ter- 
race is covered with ampelopsis, roses and clematis. On the 
entrance front, the lower terraces are in process of transfor- 
mation at this writing; but an ample esplanade here is en- 
closed within a balustrade, while a great bed of rhododen- 
drons and lilies give a wonderful color-note to the center. 
The entrance doorway itself is encased within an ornamental 
facing of Indiana limestone that is the most ornate feature 
of the exterior. 

That the lower terraces here are in process of transforma- 
tion by no means suggests unfinished grounds. ‘The estate is 


The service entrance and one wing of “ Darlington” 


and which are among the most valuable of Mr. Crocker’s 
large collection. The room is entered from one corner, the 
doorway, within, being enclosed within a triangular screen 
of English oak that gives a quaint aspect to the apartment, 
while harmonizing completely with its general style and 
treatment. 

The interior of this great house possesses so much interest 
that the larger part of space has been necessarily given to it. 
Yet outwardly it is exceedingly fine and impressive. The 
design of Mr. James Brite, architect, of New York, the 
mansion stands on the summit of a ridge that rises somewhat 
steeply as it is approached from the railroad station, but 
which affords ample room for spacious terraces and gardens 
on the inner side, where the entrance front is located. The 
lofty walls of Harvard brick rise high above the whole of 
the surrounding landscape, the house being three full stories 
in height, with a fourth story in the roof that is partly con- 
cealed behind the pierced balustrade with which the whole is 


a large one, including eleven hundred acres, and various 
works are naturally undertaken from time to time. The 
grounds immediately around the house are in perfect order 
and entirely complete. Rare old boxes have been success- 
fully transplanted to without the entrance door. Farther on 
a splendid grove of Japanese maples, a truly remarkable col- 
lection, has been permanently rooted. In the nearby woods, 
to the left of the entrance, whole forests of rhododendrons 
have been set out, and in their season cover the hillsides 
with carpets of the loveliest blooms. Off on the right are 
the conservatories and greenhouses, truly mammoth struc- 
tures, devoted to all sorts of practical and beautiful uses. 
The house lawns are in perfect condition, and the planting 
everywhere, whether it be of evergreen, of shrubbery or 
perennials, is beautiful and decorative. One may literally 
tramp miles through this estate and see some new object of 
interest almost at every step. It is, in a very true sense, a 
notable home, one worthy to be loved and admired. 


304 AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


A pattern of fern fronds 


Designs 


Direct from Nature 


By S. Leonard Monica Bastin 


"T IS not a little remarkable in these times 
to observe the widespread desire to return 
) to a more natural ordering of things. The 
43 modern worldling, surrounded by all the 
NG artificial influence of an amazing civiliza- 
tion, finds that, after all, it is invariably de- 
lightful to heed the call of Nature. While 
it would be foolish to maintain that the great mother is 
entirely perfect in all her ways, yet there is no doubt that the 
patient observer may reap a rich reward from his study of 
natural objects. Thus, while we may not say that Nature is 
always artistic, we must admit that on occasion she may be 
a very good artist indeed. Asa matter of fact, we know that 
underlying all the apparent muddle of the living world 
there exists a marvelously rigid code of rules; the very posi- 
tion of the leaf on the twig being a circumstance which is 
adjusted with a mathematical precision. On the other hand, 
there are so many happenings which may affect the unit that 
a certain elasticity in the application of the rules is necessary. 
Nature holds the fulfilment of the artistic code as of second- 
ary importance when the well-being of the individual is 
threatened; so that while the perfect plant may be truly 
artistic, the average specimen is not by any means so. It is, 
perhaps, on this account that it is only within very recent 
times that the idea of direct nature patterns from the plant 
world has been regarded as at all possible. 

In the new school of direct nature designers there is one 


great underlying principle. Apart from the necessary ad- 
justments, the aim and object should be to preserve the 
original pattern. Of course, almost since men first learned 
to draw they have been in the habit of taking some natural 
object and adapting the form for ornamental purposes. The 
spirit in which the nature designer takes up the work must 
be entirely different. He must remember that he is not in 
any sense the artist of the pattern, and it is his place simply 
to reproduce the pattern, just as it has been conceived, as 
faithfully as in him lies. Certainly no one can expect to find 
the more finished plant patterns without a patient search. 
So many things prevent the plant from developing on 
straightforward lines—overcrowding, a shortage of mois- 
ture, difficulty in getting sufficient light, each and all of these 
may upset the normal growth of the plant. Indeed, it is 
really only when a specimen is in an isolated situation that it 
will evidence that fine balance of bearing which is so essential 
for the forming of a good pattern. Still, a ramble over the 
country-side is almost sure to be productive of a certain per- 
centage of examples, which provide some excellent types of 
nature designs. Asa general rule, too, the best patterns are 
to be found among the very humble plants. 

Some of the commonest wayside weeds present really at- 
tractive formations, the most striking of these being the 
numerous star-like designs which abound in the smaller com- 
posite species. These little plants have a curious habit of 
sending out their leaves close to the ground, and, as the 


5 Seas 


ee be 


Nature’s own design for a wall-paper frieze 


August, 1909 


The fern frond applied to a table-cloth 


foliage is produced with great precision, a very regular 
effect is the result. Again, the young fronds of some of the 
common ferns provide the wherewithal for the making of 
the most charming designs. A glance at one or two of the 
accompanying photographs will show the truly artistic 
nature of these patterns, and the instances shown are only a 
few out of an almost endless range of subjects which would 
be possible. Curiously enough, it is found that among 
nearly all kinds of succulent plants there exists a strong 
tendency to develop in a strikingly designed pattern. What 
could be more neat than the proper little rosette of the 
Sempervivum; each one of the small leaves seems to fit 
exactly into its place and to be indispensable to the success 
of the pattern. This rigidity of design is to be seen to a 
greater extent among the Cacti than anywhere else. Some 
of these plants might very well be patterned on the most 
exact geometrical principles, and by their appearance sug- 
gest that they have been cast in a mold. 

There is no doubt that the best idea of the value of any 
nature design is to be obtained by arranging the plants on 
a black velvet background. The material seems to throw 
up the outline to an extent which is not observed when a 
white or neutral setting is used. It is a very simple matter 
to fasten a piece of the velvet on to a flat board, nailing it 
down so that the substance is pulled tight and there are no 
wrinkles. It is most important that the pattern-making speci- 
mens should be quite fresh, and in order to keep them in this 
condition it is a good plan to place them as they are collected 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


305 


into a tin. Herein they will keep fresh and firm for a long 
while. Of course, no unnecessary delay in transferring the 


design is permissible when once the specimens have been 
gathered, as even with the utmost care plants will all too 


Symmetry in fern tronds 


soon become shriveled, when they are useless for the purpose. 

Probably the surest mode of securing the nature pattern 
is by means of photography. ‘he plants or. parts of plants 
having been arranged on the velvet background, are simply 
placed in front of a camera and the resulting print is used 
as the design. Of course, the exact process depends some- 
what upon the article to be ornamented, but the transference 
of the pattern will be accomplished by means of tracing and 
carbon papers. By resorting to photography there is no 
doubt that the most faithful reproduction of the design is 
obtained, but, on the other hand, the work might very well 
be drawn out. Any one who was a sufficiently good draught- 
man to copy the nature pattern might easily dispense with 
the camera. It may be well, again, to insist on the fact that 
in order to keep the spirit of the new art we must try to 
reproduce the original form as nearly as is possible. The 
artist will almost certainly feel a great desire “‘to improve 
upon Nature,” and in doing so will, of course, destroy the 
whole point of the undertaking. Special care should be 
taken to ensure that strength of outline which adds so much 
to the realism of the pattern; this will be found to be of a 
good deal more importance than the details of the interior. 
With the novice it is strongly to be advised that the worker 
should spend a short while in examining the parts of the 
plant before any attempt is made to reproduce the design in 


Arranging nature designs 


Transferring the pattern to the linen 


306 


Dandelion 


actual work. Of course, 
the final effect will depend, 
to a large extent, upon the 
suitability of the design to 
the particular purpose for 
which it is employed. This 
is a matter which should 
receive a good deal of at- 
tention in order to avoid 
incongruity in the applica- 
tion of the design. Indeed, 
there are few handicrafts 
in which it is possible to 
exercise so much origin- 
ality as in the matter of 
nature designing. 

Within the limits of the 
present article it is only 
possible briefly to indicate 
the purposes which the 
nature patterns may be 
made to serve. In all 
branches of artistic handi- 
craft the direct nature de- 
signs are very successfully 
used. Possibly they are 
more adapted to articles of 
needlework than anything 
else. The great variety of 
silks and shadings which 
are at one’s disposal give 
plenty of scope for repro- 
ducing the copy to the best 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Fern frond pattern 


August, 1909 


Euphorbia 


possible advantage, 
whereas in doing poker 
work or wood-carving it is, 
perhaps, more difficult to 
follow the finer details of 
the design. Nevertheless, 
some very striking work 
may be done in these di- 
rections. In needlework, 
however, a wide range of 
effects can be obtained by 
the help of a number of 
different stitches, and the 
accomplished neecdle- 
woman will soon be able to 
decide exactly the way of 
working which will most 
faithfully give the impres- 
sion of the nature design 
that is being carried out. 
It is certainly less easy 
to copy directly living 
plants and leaves than to 
work from an_ ordinary 
drawn-out pattern. One 
reason for this is that 
more detail must be given, 
and yet it has to be in- 
serted in such a way that 
it will be quite lost in the 
finished effect when the 
design is completed, and 
the whole process ended. 


Rosette of houseleek 


Cactus pattern 


—S 


Star pattern from weed 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


3°] 


A long rambling house overlooking the sea 


the Summer Home of Miss Annie E. Quimby 


Bridgehampton, Long Island 


By Paul Thurston 


ISS QUIMBY’S summer home is designed 
(yY with fine taste. The character of the house 
1 is found in its elongated and rambling 
effect, spread with its greatest breadth to 
the sea. The shingle-work of the first 
story, the half timber-work of the second 
story, and the overhanging and sloping 
roof of shingles make a harmonious whole. The shingle- 
work is left to weather finish a natural silver gray color, 
which is quite in contrast with the soft brown 
stain of the trim and beams, and the gray 
tone of the stucco-work. 

The piazzas are admirably arranged, and 
are so placed that they do not obstruct the 
sunshine from any one of the rooms on the 
first floor, which is a very important feature 
in house-building. 

The front entrance is reached from the 
piazza and _ opens 
directly into the liv- 
ing-hall, which occu- 
pies the main part 
of the house. This 


living-hall, as well 


FIRST F1L00R 


BED Roam 


and another door permits one to pass into the kitchen. 

and laundry are fitted with all the modern conveniences. 
six bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor and ample closet 
space. The bathroom has a Welsh tile floor, and porcelain fixtures 


as the entire house, is treated with exposed timber-work. 
The studs of the frame were dressed before being set up, 
and the exterior sheathing and interior partitions were 
beaded before being placed on to the framework and are 
shown in the room. The entire woodwork is of North 
Carolina pine, treated with hard oil finish and varnish. A 
graceful staircase, with an ornamental balustrade, sweeps 
up ina recess to the second story, under which there is a nook 
with a window-seat. The fireplace, built of brick, is fur- 


BEDROOM 


nished with a gray 
stone shelf sup- 
ported on brick 
corbels. 

The dining-room, 
ceparated from the living-room by an arch- 
way, is treated in a similar manner. It has 
exposures on two sides, insuring good light 
and a perfect ventilation. A large, open fire- 
place is built at one end of the room, and is 
constructed of brick with facings rising up 
to the ceiling. Simple’shelves are placed at 
one side of the fireplace, on which are placed 
antique china. On the opposite side of the 
fireplace a door opens into the butler’s pantry, 
The kitchen 


There are 


Second Floor 


308 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


The porch and gables of the inner front 


with exposed nickelplated plumbing. Messrs. Mann & room containing three stalls. The second story is finished 
MacNeille, of New York, were the architects of this very off in two apartments, one for the coachman and the other 
interesting house. for the storage of hay and feed. Much planting has been 
The stable, designed in keeping with the house, is well- done about the property, and especially around the stable and 
equipped. It contains a large carriage-room, and a stable- tea-house. The whole has as a background a privet hedge. 


The living-room has exposed timber-work in walls and ceiling 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


309 


One hardly needs 
to dwell on _ the 
charm of this de- 
lightful summer 
home—for a sum- 
mer home it is, and 
nothing else, since 
houses of this size 
and style are only 
built at Bridge- 
hampton for sum- 
mer use. Moreover, 
it has all the char- 
acteristics of the 
summer home. Sub- 
stantially built, its 
rambling plan, its 
ample rooms, its 
form of structure, 
and its graceful ar- 
chitecture are each 
and all eminently 
expressive of tht 
summer home of the 
best type. 

And this type is 
that in which con- 
venience and sim- 
plicity are supreme 
in every part. Miss 
Quimby’s home is 


Exposed structure is the feature of the dining-room 


The stable harmonizes with the house 


ornate enough to 
meet the most exact- 
ing taste, but it is 
eminently simple 
and direct, so simple 
and direct as to be 
wholly structural, a 
style of building 
that is often the 
most satisfactory, 
and which is here 
perfectly so. 

Of distinguishing 
characteristics, the 
most pronounced is 
the exposed finish of 
the interior. Simple 
as this is in concep- 
tion, it often fails 
in execution. A fine 
success is obtained 
here, a success that 
is at once pictur- 
esque and homelike. 
It is not the least at- 
traction of ‘‘Annes- 
den” that with a 
uniform style of this 
kind the interior is 
so cheery and so 
homelike. 


310 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


Playhouses for Children 


By Mary H. Northend 


Photographs by the Author 


HE children of to-day are indeed fortunate, 
for many advantages and pleasures are 
theirs which were unheard of fifty years 
ago. Among other things once considered 
merely foolish innovations is the playhouse, 
which is fast becoming more and more 
popular. This happy solution of the prob- 
lem of amusing the 
little folks has been 
hit upon in more 
cases than one, and 
the enjoyment 
which these little 
houses afford both 
parents and_ chil- 
dren is ample return 
for any trouble that 
may be taken to se- 
cure them. 

At Marblehead 
Neck, Mass., is lo- 
cated one of these 
playhouses which 
is most artistic. It 
is the property of 
Mrs. Frank E. Pea- 
body, and was built 
some years ago for 
her daughter’s use. 
This little cottage is 
situated on the slope 
of a hill not far 
from the main 
house, and its shin- 
gle finish of deep 
red, with white 
window trimmings 
and door, harmon- 
ize well with the 
setting of shrubs 
and vines amid 
which it is placed. 
From a small porch, 
covered with ram- 
bler roses in their 
season, one enters 
the single large 
room which com- 
prises the play- 
house. This room 
is made light and cheery by a great many small casement 
windows which open outward like diminutive glass doors. 

The walls of the room are sheathed in hard wood and 
shellaced. The floor is of hard wood richly polished. Built- 
in shelves and a window-seat, under which may be stored un- 
needed things, are features which add greatly to the con- 
venience of the playhouse. A generous supply of cushions 
grace the window-seat and easy chairs and give a touch 
of color to the furnishings. College banners and posters 
identify this room as a typical girl’s den, and with its simple, 
sensible furniture it is an ideal place for a lark. 


On the playhouse porch 


From an old bathhouse was evolved an interesting play- 
house at Salem, Mass. It is on the water’s edge, and, like 
the other, consists of one large room only. This little house, 
shingled in natural wood with white trimmings, has a broad 
veranda across the front overlooking the water and suggest- 
ing story-books and fancy-work, or afternoon tea parties.. 
Some one cooked on the tiny stove in one corner of the cot- 
tage, and served in 
camp style by the 
enthusiastic young 
folks. An old pi- 
ano, which has out- 
grown its  useful- 
ness in the home, 
does duty for the 
jolly impromptu 
dances which often 
terminate the even- 
ing’s fun. 

In Cohasset are 
two attractive little 
playhouses designed 
for practical use. 
One, the favorite 
retreat of a number 
of boys, is a simple 
little shingle house, 
with porches across 
both front and rear. 
The furnishings are 
just such as a boy 
delights in, for 
there is nothing 
elaborate to be dam- 
aged if the fellows 
‘“‘rough-house”’ it up 
a bit. 

Above the main 
room is a small loft, 
in which the boys’ 
footballs,  boxing- 
gloves, _ tennis- 
raquets and net, 
baseball bats, and 
similar treasures are 
stored when not in 
use. 

The other play- 
house is a most at- 
tractive little four- 
room cottage, fully equipped for housekeeping on a small 
scale. The exterior is shingled, and a latticed porch, with 
built-in seats on either side of the doorway, is on the front 
of the house. Flowers and shrubs surround the playhouse, 
and brackets fastened under the windows support wooden 
boxes filled with flowers and vines. 

On the first floor of the cottage there are three good 
rooms: a living-room, a dining-room, and a kitchen. The 
walls of these rooms are sheathed and the ceiling as well. 
Dainty ruffled curtains of white muslin hang at the windows 
and rugs cover the floors. In the living-room a number of 


August, 1909 


A playhouse fireplace 


framed pictures are on the wall, and the table, easy chair 
and mantel-shelf all go to give a most home-like appearance. 


AMERICAN HOMES A 
ane 7 


Bete Oo oe a 4 


ND GARDENS 


The Paine playhouse has the character of a real cottage 


A white-enameled bookcase in one corner 


of the room has long curtains of white 
cretonne, figured with a wild-rose pattern. 
At the doorway leading into the dining- 
room hang portieres of the same material, 
and above it is a picture of roses in a long 
A shelf filled with photo- 
graphs, bits of pottery and souvenirs of 


narrow frame. 


many a jolly vacation ex- 
cursion takes the place of 
the conventional plate-rail 
in the little dining-room. A 
cretonne-covered couch, 
plentifully supplied with 
sofa pillows, invites one to 
lay aside care and indulge 
in delightful day-dreams, 
and the little round table, 
with its embroidered center- 
piece and bowl of flowers, 
brings to one’s mind a sug- 
gestion of dainty luncheons 
and merry suppers held in 
this cozy cottage. Opening 
directly from the dining- 
room is the handy little 
kitchen, in which these oc- 
casional repasts are pre- 


A portable playhouse 


Work KOO/L 
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FIRST FLOOR 
Playhouse on the estate of Wm. A. Paine, Philips Beach, Mass. 


The 


pared. Fitted up with a small stove, a sink, cooking utensils, 
it is really a very convenient place. 


On the second floor there is one 


room only. This is finished with two 
cot-beds, a small washstand and a 
number of chairs. 
rangements two girls could easily 
sleep in the playhouse if the idea of 
keeping house all by themselves a 
few days chanced to appeal to their 


With such ar- 


imagination. 

Woodbine or ivy climb- 
ing over a cottage shingled 
in natural wood produces a 
most charming effect. A 
one-room house of this de- 
scription was attractively 
fitted up by its girl owner. 
Across one corner of the 
room were built a number 
of rounding shelves. From 
the top of this improvised 
cupboard hung a curtain of 
flowered cretonne, hiding 
the dishes, pans and small 
oil-stoves, which were 
pressed into service in the 
preparation of those little 
suppers to which the 
favored friends of the 


“garden house” at Magnolia 


312 


young mistress were 
occasionally invited. 

Cretonne of the 
same design was 
used for the cover- 
ing of a broad win- 
dow-seat, and the 
numerous __ pillows 
scattered about in 
chairs and ham- 
mocks, while full, 
straight curtains of 
the same design 
hung at the win- 
dows and bookcases. 
The walls of the 
playhouse, which 
were of unpainted 
boards — simply 
planed smooth 
were adorned with 
a great variety of 
unframed _ sketches 
in pencil, ink and 


water-colors. These 
pictures were the 
work of the young 
owner of the house, 
who was artistically 
inclined. 

A child’s _ play- 
house which is 
somewhat out of 
the ordinary is situ- 
ated in Andover, 
Mass., on the estate 
of Mr. William M. 
Wood. The large 
two-story building, 
which has been 
given over entirely 
to the young peo- 
ple, is located on the 
edge of a beautiful 
artificial lake, and 
the board piazza, 
built out over the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Playhouse built by Mrs. Frank E. Peabody 


August, 1909 


water and shaded by 
large willow trees, 
is a delightfully cool 
spot on a warm sum- 
mer’s afternoon. 
On entering the 
building, one dis- 
covers that it is 
indeed a playhouse, 
but of a sort quite 
different from those 
already described. 
The whole lower 
floor is a single 
large room, at one 
end of which a little 
stage, equipped with 
a drop-curtain and 
footlights, has been 
arranged. The 
decorations of “‘Ar- 
den Theater,” as it 
is called by the chil- 


dren, are in Japa- 


nese style, and all 
the furniture is of 
bamboo and wicker. 
Comfortable loung- 
ing-chairs and con- 
venient little Eng- 
lish tea-carts are 
set about here and 
there; and saueeae 
house gives a touch. 
This is designed for 
afternoon fétes, and 
adds an Oriental 
touch to the room. 
Here the children 
are allowed to give 
all sorts of perform- 
ances and amateur 
plays, which they 
enjoy. 

The photographs 
show other interest- 
ing playhouses. 


: 
— 


ACH of the dwellings presented in this in- 
teresting group of small houses shows a 
design of distinctive character with distinc- 
tive features. 

The first house (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) illus- 
trated is a stucco house, built for Mr. E. 
W. Roy, at Lawrence Park, Bronxville, 

. Y., from the plans of William A. Bates, architect, New 
York. 

The entire framework is covered with metal lath and 
finished with a pebble dash stucco. The roof is shingled and 
stained green. 

The interior has a white-painted trim and mahogany- 
finished doors. 

The hall has an ornamental Colonial staircase. The fire- 
place in the living-room is built of brick. The dining-room 
has a high-faced fireplace and mantel. 

The service end of the house is complete in its equipment. 

The second floor is conveniently arranged. The bath- 
room is tiled and furnished with porcelain fixtures. The third 
floor contains servants’ rooms and trunk room. The cellar 


4 
cs 
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= 


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2—The dining-room of Mr. Roy’s house 


of 


Small Houses 


Inexpensive Designs of 


Real Interest 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


contains a fuel room, heat- 


ing apparatus and laundry. 
| 2ebzoow 5 AEP : 


eM FA Cost, $7,000. 
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BED ROOM 


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Mr. Claude Bragdon, of Rochester, N. Y., was the archi- 
tect of Mr. Lansing C. Hoskins’ house (Figs. 4 and 5) at 
Geneva, N. Y. Mr. Bragdon accepted the style of the Colo- 
nial house, such as is to be found in many of the typical New 
England villages. The interior has a 
white-painted trim. The walls are covered 
with artistic wall-papers of fine Colonial 
design. 

The hall has a low Colonial wainscoting 
and a Colonial staircase. 

The living-room has a brick fireplace 
and an old Colonial mantel. Bookcases 
are built in at either side of the fireplace. 

The dining-room has a seven-foot batten 
wainscoting. [he but- 
ler’s pantry is fitted 
complete. 

The kitchen in the 
basement is thoroughly 
equipped. The _base- 


[six 


PANTRY | 


LIVING ROOM 


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LINING ROOM HALL 


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3—The floor plans of Mr. Roy’s house 


AMERICAN HOME 


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Mr. Hoskins’ house 


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4—Mr. Hoskins’ house is typical of the old Colonial 


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arrangement ay 
ba ee SECOND FLOOR PLAN 


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7—The feature of the first floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is 
the inglenook 


6—The house of Mr. C. W. Partridge is of wood with shingles on the exterior 


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12—The house of Mr. Henry J. Martin at Dyker Heights, New York economical in arrangement 


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14—The floor plans of Mr. Arlington’s house 15—Mr. Arlington’s house 


is of the gambrel-roof type 


i 


315 


314 


4—Mr. Hoskins’ house is typical of the old Colonial 


6—The house of Mr. C. W. Partridge is of wood with shingles on the exterior 


12—The house of Mr. Henry J. Martin at Dyker Heights, New York 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


DINING PML LIVING EMM 


FIRST FLOOR PLAN 


5—The plans of 
Mr. Hoskins’ house 
are unique in 
their 


arrangement 


A Group of 
Small Houses 


Costing from 
$3,000 to $10,000 


7—The feature of the first floor of Mr. Partridge’s house is 


the inglenook 


13—The plans of Mr. Martin's house are 


economical in arrangement 


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10—The 
floor plans of 
Mr. Smith's house 
are 


excellent 


Roo} 


8—The second floor of Mr. Partridge’s house 


is well arranged 


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14—The floor plans of Mr. Arlington's house 


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705 Ui 


9—Another view of Mr. Partridge’s house 


15—Mr. Arlington's house is of the gambrel-roof type 


316 


ment also contains 
a laundry, cold-stor- 
age room, store 
pantry, fuel room 
and heating appa- 
ratus. 

There are four 
bedrooms and a 
tiled bathroom on 
the second floor. 

There is a serv- 
ants’ room and am- 
ple storeroom in the 
attic. Cost, $10,000. 

Mr. C. W. Par- 
tridge’s house ( Figs. 
Gano, ald 9) sat 
Scarsdale, N. Y., 
was built from the 
plans of William S. 
Philips, architect, of 
New York. It is a 
shingle house dis- 
tinct from the others 
in the group. The 
interior has a white- 
painted trim. ‘The 
inglenook, with its 
brick fireplace and 
hearth, is the fea- 
ture of the living- 
room. There are 
three bedrooms and 
a tiled bathroom on 
the second floor. 
Cost, $3,500. 

The house, Figs. 
10 and 11, was built 
fone Vo. Smith. 
SG seat, ao Ont fi 
Framingham, 
Mass., from the 
plans of Ralph Saw- 
yer, of Boston, 
Massachusetts. 


18—The fireplace is the feature of the living-room of the Williams’ house 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


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17—The plans of Mr. Williams’ house are complete 


August, 1909 


The exterior us 
covered with cy- 
press clapboards 
laid with eight 
inches exposure and 
painted white. The 
roof is of red slate. 

The <aaliiees 
trimmed with oak. 

The pantries and 
kitchen are thor- 
oughly equipped. 

The second floor 
has a white-painted 
trim. 

The house, Figs. 
12 and 13, built for 
Mr. Henry J. Mar- 
tin, at Diygem 
Heights, New 
York, was designed 
by Mr. C. Schubert, 
also of Dyker 
Heights. The build- 
ing is covered with 
green-stained — shin- 
gles. Cost, $4,000. 

The house, Figs. 
14 and 15, built for 
Mr. Edward Ar- 
lington, at Dyker 
Heights, N. Y., is 
also from the plans 
of Mr. C. Schubert. 
Cost, $3,000. 

The house, Figs. 
16, 17, 18) ander, 
is another house of 
the gambrel - roof 
style, built for Mr. 
Williams at New- 
ton, Mass., from 
the plans of Edward 
Stratton, of Boston, 
Mass. Cost, $3,000. 


19—The staircase in the hall of the Williams’ house 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 


~I 


Grape Culture in France 


By Jacques Boyer 


HOME RY is a picturesque and quite unique 
French village about four miles from Fon- 
tainebleau, on the southerly bank of the 
Seine. To the eye of the visitor it presents 
an almost uninterrupted succession of white- 
washed walls covered with flourishing 
grape-vines. Most of the houses and the 

garden walls are so covered. In autumn golden grapes clus- 

ter everywhere. The grapes are kept in a fresh condition, by 
methods peculiar to the district, to await a favorable market. 
Practically only two varieties of grapes are cultivated at 
Thomery, the Golden Chasselas of Fontainbleau, which 
probably originated in Ca- 
hors or in Piedmont, and 
the Frankenthal, which was 
imported from Germany 
about 1840. The wood of 
the former is reddish, and 
its leaves are grayish-green 
above, smooth beneath and 
deeply incised. The ripe 
grapes have a_ beautiful 
golden hue. There are two 
sub-varieties of the Frank- 
enthal. The variety with 
pale green leaves yields 
finer grapes than the other, 
the foliage of which has a 


reddish tint. The Ciota 
chasselas is cultivated in 
pots for exhibition. The 


Cesar, an oval black grape 
with a tough skin and ex- 
cellent keeping qualities; 
the black and white Mus- 
cats, with globular fruit; 
and the Rose Malaga, a 
large oval grape of the 
color of red wine lees, which 
ripens only in favorable ex- 
posures, are also cultivated 
to some extent. 

The vines are planted in 
espaliers and counter espa- 
liers. The high walls are 
ten feet in height and 
placed at varying distances, 


Vines of Ciota chasselas in pots 


averaging one hundred feet. Between them lower walls are 
placed. The high walls are surmounted by pitched tile roofs, 
the ridges of which are protected by curved tiles. These 
walls also carry iron supports on which, about the first of 
September, planks or glazed sashes, twenty inches wide, are 
placed to protect the grapes from rain. Similar sashes are 
placed on the small walls when they are needed. 

Various systems of trellising are employed, with hori- 
zontal, vertical and oblique wires. Many of the high walls 
bear five horizontal wires nineteen inches apart, the lowest 
sixteen inches above the ground, and the highest twenty- 
seven inches below the top of the wall. The vines are planted 
sixteen inches apart. In 
hot and dry situations, a 
single vertical wire is used 
for each vine. Wires in- 
clined thirty degrees to the 
horizontal are used to a 
considerable extent. The 
vines are planted twenty 
inches apart, and are pruned 
and trained as in the case 
of horizontal wiring, ex- 
cept that twice as many 
canes are left. The first 
counter espalier, or de- 
tached trellis, is set six or 
seven feet from the wall, 
and the others follow at in- 
tervals of fifty-two inches. 
These trellises may have 
either horizontal or vertical 
wires. The vines are often 
pruned to three or four 
canes and trained in the 
chape of a fan. 

The fine clusters of 
golden grapes, for which 
Thomery is celebrated, are 
not produced without much 
care and labor, in pruning, 
tying, spraying, pinching 
back, thinning, bagging the 
grapes and removing su- 
perfluous leaves, buds and 
tendrils. When the green 
shoots have attained a 


318 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


The vineyards of Thomery 


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Covering espaliers with netting to protect them from birds 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 319 


 vor-oucenaneouersancresoenqersnenst~crtevareneeneaes rater sneer arse ¥etirctfiectaneyeracienronsesarartehesnaaseasrtch 


Gathering grapes at Thomery Storehouse, with vine branches in bottles of water 


The espaliers of Thomery at harvest time 


320 


length of five or six inches the weak and apparently barren 
shoots are broken off with the fingers; two weeks later the 
tendrils are pinched off and the suckers are removed entirely 
from the older vines, but are merely pinched back on the 
young vines, as their complete removal might cause too rapid 
growth of the vine. When the grapes have grown to the 
size of peas they are thinned with scissors, from one-fourth 
to one-third of the grapes of each bunch being removed. 
Thinning increases and equalizes the size of the grapes 
that are left and hastens their ripening. At Thomery 
the grapes are usually thinned between July 10 and August 
10. In the second tying, which is made necessary by the 
growth of the shoots that were too short to be tied in the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


moved with scissors, and the trimmed bunches are laid care- 
fully on trays covered with straw or ferns and carried on 
barrows to the packing and storage rooms. 

In the dry method of preservation, which was used ex- 
clusively until the middle of last century, the grapes are 
simply laid in small trays of osier lined with straw compactly 
arranged in the storehouse. The method is simple and cheap, 
but the grapes become withered and wrinkled if long kept. 
Larpenteur conceived the idea of immersing the ends of 
fruited branches in water, and found that in this way 
grapes could be kept for two months. Charmeux and Val- 
leaux improved the process, to which an experience of half 
a century has given the following form. 


Bagging grapes to protect them from insects 


spring, some of the leaves which touch the wall are removed 
in order to give light and heat to the grapes, and many more 
leaves are removed during the first half of September. 

Fungous diseases are combated by spraying the vines with 
mixed solutions of copper sulphate and lime (Bordeaux 
mixture). The ripening clusters are enclosed in bags of 
horsehair or paper to protect them from bees, wasps and 
flies, and the vines are covered with nets to exclude birds: 
The grapes are gathered about the middle of October, on 
fair but slightly cloudy days, if possible. 

The finest clusters are cut with some of the wood attached, 
for the purpose of keeping them fresh. The clusters of the 
second grade are also kept until winter, but by the dry 
method, which does not require the wood to be cut with them. 
The remaining grapes are immediately shipped to Paris, 
packed in baskets containing about thirteen pounds each. 

As the clusters are gathered the imperfect grapes are re- 


The storage rooms, which are preferably situated on the 
first floor of the building, are fitted with shelves which have 
holes for the reception of bottles containing about a gill ot 
water. ‘The storehouses of the largest establishments often 
contain forty thousand bottles. A piece of charcoal is put in 
each bottle to keep the water sweet, and the end of the vine 
stem is then inserted. The doors and windows of the room 
are kept closed. Darkness is an important factor, as it pre- 
vents fermentation inside the grapes. The temperature is 
kept as uniform as possible, and little above the freezing- 
point, 36 or 37 degrees Fahrenheit. The air of the room 
must be very dry, as dampness produces mold and decay. 
By this method, which requires constant care, the grape- 
growers of Thomery keep fresh every winter from two hun- 
dred and seventy-five thousand to three hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars’ worth of golden chasselas and other fine 
table grapes. 


7 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


321 


fe House 


with a 


Guaranteed 


Cost 


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AR. WILLIAM A. SWASEY, of New York, 
is the architect of the house presented on 
this page. Mr. Swasey has chosen the 
bungalow type of house for his design. Yet, 
while it has the characteristics of the low 
sloping roof of the bungalow, it is in reality 
a two-story house with the sleeping-rooms 

placed in the second story, and the roof sloping down over 

the piazza gives the desired low effect without impairing the 
rooms of the second story. 

The house is constructed of frame throughout, with the 
perpendicular walls striped and covered with metal lath and 
cement plastering with a finishing coat of cement and coarse 
gravel. All the exposed rafter ends are left in the rough and 
stained a very dark brown. The roofs are covered with 
shingles dipped in a moss-green stain. ‘The ceiling of the 
piazza is plastered, and its floor is stained the same as the 
other exterior work. 

There is a central hall, with rooms on 

either side. The principal 

rooms on this floor are 


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trimmed with birch and stained and finished in mahogany. 
The hall contains an ornamental staircase of good design. 

The living- and dining-rooms are separated by an archway 
supported on columns. Both of these rooms have open fire- 
places furnished with brick facings and hearth and Colonial 
mantels. The kitchen and pantries are well equipped and 
are trimmed with yellow pine finished material. 

The second floor contains four bedrooms, bathroom and 
servants’ bedroom. This floor has white enameled trim and 
birch doors finished in mahogany. The bathroom has a floor 
covered with interlocking rubber tile, and the walls are 
wainscoted to the height of five feet with cream glazed 
vitrified tile, with sanitary cap and base. 

The cellar contains a laundry, servants’ toilet and a hot- 
water heater with ample capacity to heat all parts of the 
house through direct radiation. 

The area of the house is thirty feet by forty-five feet, and 
the architect guarantees to build this house, under normal 
conditions, within a radius of sixty miles of New York, for 
seven thousand dollars. This guar- 
antee holds good for three months. 


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B22 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The 
“Wayside Inn” 


bind 


By Esther Singleton 


The photographs accompanying this article are 
Copyrighted, 1898, by E. R. Lemon 


The Arms of the How family, the original 
proprietors in 1683 


two hundred and twenty-three years of 
ee continuous history as can the “Red Horse 
~\ Tavern” of Sudbury, Mass., twenty-two 
miles from Boston, and immortalized by 
Longfellow as the “Wayside Inn,” prob- 
ably inspired by “The Tabard” and Chau- 
cer’s ‘‘Canterbury Pilgrims.” Those who love to restore the 
people and quaint manners and customs of past centuries in 
places that have legendary, historical or romantic associa- 
tions can find no trace of Chaucer’s hostelry in Southwark 
when they cross London Bridge to visit old and picturesque 
St. Saviour’s, where an older poet than Chaucer—John 
Gower—lies in his richly carved and painted tomb; but the 
traveler who wishes to see a typical American inn of Colo- 
nial and Revolutionary days can happily visit a good speci- 
men at Sudbury. 
Here, too, he may 
picture and people 
the past; for, being 
situated on the old 
Post Road from 
Boston to New 
York, the ‘Way- 
side Inn” has enter- 
tained all sorts and 
conditions of men 
and women. 

Among the noted 
travelers who have 
been guests of ‘“The 
Red Horse”’ may be 
mentioned Judge 
Sewall, the famous 
witchcraft jurist of 
Massachusetts, who 
noted in his diary 
in’ T700)t hat hie 
stopped at How’s 
Tavern in Sudbury. 


General Washing- 
ton was also here on 
several occasions: 


Coach used by General de Lafayette at the laying of the corner-stone of 
Bunker Hill Monument 


Sign of the ‘‘ Wayside Inn”’ 


on his way to take command of the army at Cambridge; 
on his return to the Hudson River; and during his tour in 
New England when President. 

General Burgoyne also rested here when he traveled as 
prisoner from Albany to Boston. Among other noted 
travelers who have enjoyed its hospitality were Madame 
Knight, the Marquis de Lafayette, General Artemas Ward, 
John Adams, John Hancock, Daniel Webster, Rufus Choate, 
and many distinguished men of letters. 

Twice a week the mail coach passed, and the stage brought 
many passengers from time to time. Guests also arrived in 
private carriages and coaches of all descriptions, and upon 
horseback; and in the winter in sleighs of every variety 
from the rude box, or basket, upon runners of the country- 
men to the painted shell of the rich Bostonian, luxurious 
with fur robes and drawn by spirited horses whose harness 
jingled with merry 
silver bells. Sleds 
piled high with dead 
deer and other game 
frozen stiff on the 
way from the hills 
and mountains of 
New York and Ver- 
mont to Boston were 
often stored while 
the huntsmen and 
drivers thawed out 
in the cheerful tap- 
room and refreshed 
themselves with a 
night’s rest. In the 
summer time flocks 
of geese and _tur- 
keys, and droves of 
cattle and hogs 
passed on their way 
to market, or were 
sheltered by their 
drovers in the yards 
at night. Now the 
automobile takes the 
place of the lum- 


August, 1909 


August, 1909 


The wainscoted sitting-room 


bering stage-coach and cattle and poultry travel by rail; but, 
although manners and customs have changed, the old inn 
has not, nor have the great forest trees that waved their 
strong branches over the Indian wigwams long before the 
totem of the ““Red Horse”’ was hung in their midst. 

The house is fortunate in being far from the town and 
isolated in its green frame of oaks and elms. Far across 
the meadows and rolling hills the windows gleam red with 
the glow of the firelight within; and on many an autumn 
night Longfellow’s description is still appropriate: 


“Round this old-fashioned, quaint abode 
Deep silence reigned, save when a gust 
Went rushing down the country road, 
And skeletons of leaves, and dust 
A moment quickened by its breath, 
Shuddered and danced their dance of death, 
And through the ancient oaks o’erhead 
Mysterious voices reigned and fled.” 
The famous hostelry was built 
about 1686 by David Howe, the 
son of John Howe, of Marlboro, 
Mass., and it was known as Howes’ 
(or How’s) Tavern until 1746, 
when Ezekiel Howe hung up the 
sign of ‘““The Red Horse.” Ezekiel 
was a man of no little importance, as 
was often the landlord of a tavern in 
Colonial days. He became an offi- 
cer in the Revolutionary Army, and 
his commission as colonel, signed 
by John Hancock, is still extant in 
Sudbury. On his death in 1796, his 
son, Adam, became landlord of 
“The Red Horse,” which he kept 
until his death in 1840. From this 
date until 1860, his son Lyman was 
the proprietor. He was also a man 
of importance in the community, 
was justice of the peace, and known 
in Sudbury as “‘the Squire,” under 
which name Longfellow describes 
him in his “Tales of a Wayside 
Inn,” published in 1863. 
To Longfellow the old inn owes 
its celebrity. It was a favorite ren- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


323 


dezvous in the fifties for the poet 
and his friends who told each other 
tales in verse as they sat round the 
fireside and were charmed with in- 
terludes from the magic violin of 
Ole Bull. 
The inn Longfellow describes is 
as follows: 


“As ancient is this hostelrie 

As any in the land may be, 

Built in the old Colonial day, 

When men lived in a grander way, 
With ampler hospitality. 

A kind of old Hobgoblin Hall, 

Now somewhat fallen to decay, 

With weather stains upon the wall, 
And stairways worn, and crazy doors, 
And creaking and uneven floors, 

And chimneys huge and tiled and tall. 


A region of repose it seems, 

A place of slumber and of dreams, 
Remote among the wooded hills! 

For there no noisy railway speeds, 

Its torch-race scattering smoke and gleeds; 
But noon and night, the panting teams 
Stop under the great oaks, that throw 

Tangles of light and shade below, 

On roofs and doors and window-sills; 

Across the road the barns display 

Their lines of stalls, their mows of hay; 

Through the wide doors the breezes blow; 

The wattled cocks strut to-and-fro, 

And, half effaced by rain or shine, 

The Red Horse prances on the sign.” 


When Longfellow’s ‘Tales of a Wayside Inn” were pub- 
lished ‘“The Red Horse” was closed; for Squire Howe died 
in 1860. ‘The house still remained in possession of the 
Howe family until 1897, when it was sold to Mr. E. R. 
Lemon, who restored it to its old appearance; hung up the 
sign of “The Red Horse” once again, and filled the rooms 
with a fine collection of old furniture and old New Eng- 
land curios. 


Tap-room with its wooden portcullis 


324 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


a ee 


rTM 
8 pete. *, 


The dining-room has an ancient crane and kettle 


Several years ago a traveler described the historic house as 
follows: 

“Coming from the direction of Marlborough, at a little 
distance, the gambrel roof of the ‘Wayside Inn’ peeps 
above a dense mass of foliage. A sharp turn of the road, 
which once passed under a triumphal arch composed of two 
lordly elms, and you are before the house itself. Formerly 
the capacious barns and tall sign-posts stood across the old 
grass-bordered country road, which leads straight up to the 
tavern door. ‘The general appearance of things, however, 
has been much altered by the building of a new macadam 


August, 1909 


road past the spot by the State. 
But let us go in. 

‘Everything remains as of old. 
There is the bar in one corner of 
the common room, with its wooden 
portcullis, made to be hoisted or let 
down at pleasure, but over which 
never appeared the ominous an- 
nouncement, ‘No liquors sold over 
this bar.’ The little desk, where 
the tipplers’ score was set down, 
and the old escritoire, looking as if 
it might have come from some hos- 
pital for decayed and battered fur- 
niture, are there now. ‘The bare 
floor, which once received its regu- 
lar morning sprinkling of clean 
white sea-sand; the bare beams and 
timbers everhead, from which the 
whitewash has fallen in flakes, and 
the very oak of which is seasoned 
with the spicy vapors steaming 
from pewter flagons, all remind us of the good old days be- 
fore the introduction of steam and the multitudinous uses 
of electricity, and the flood of new ideas. Governors, mag- 
istrates, generals, with scores of others whose names are 
remembered with honor, have been here to quaff a health or 
indulge in a drinking-bout. 

“In the guests’ room, on the left of the entrance, the win- 
dow-pane bears the following recommendation, cut with a 
gem that sparkled on the finger of that young roysterer, 
William Molineux, Jr., whose father was the man that 
walked beside the King’s troops in Boston to save them from 


A typical American inn of Colonial and Revolutionary days 


a 


August, 1909 


the insults of the townspeople—the 


friend of Otis and of John Adams: [RM ea 


ee 
TE, Biisine 


“What do you think 
Here is good drink 
Perhaps you may not know it; 
If not in haste do stop and taste 
Yon merry folk will shew it. 
Wm. Molineux, Jr., Esq. 
24th June, 1774, Boston.’ 


“The writers’ hand became un- 
steady at the last line, and it looks 
as though his rhyme had halted 
while he turned to some companion 
for a hint, or, what is perhaps 
more likely, here gave manual evi- 
dence of the potency of his 
draughts. 

“A ramble through the house 
awakens many memories. You are 
shown the travelers’ room, which 
they of lesser note occupied in com- 
mon, and the State chamber where Washington and La- 
fayette are said to have rested. In the garret the slaves 
were accommodated, and the crooknecks and red peppers 
hung from the rafters. Unfortunately, the old blazonry 
and other interesting family memorials have disappeared 
under the auctioneer’s hammer.”’ 

“The Red Horse”’ to-day has more of a home-like appear- 
ance. ‘The sitting-room, or parlor, with its claw-and-ball- 
foot mahogany chairs, comfortable sofa, tall clock, old 
prints and portraits, spider-legged tables, rugs, books and 
curtained windows, seems more like the room of a private 
country house than of a tavern. Here, too, are some choice 


ANERTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The rooms are filled with a fine collection of old furniture 


pieces of furniture, including an excellent mirror with 
carved and guilt frame, and an ancient piano. The paneling 
is excellent, though very simple. 

In the dining-room may be seen an old fireplace where 
the kettle still hangs on the crane and the big log 
crackles, and sends its ruby sparks up to the broad chimney as 
of yore. 

The old tap-room is the most interesting corner of the 
house. Here the original heavy timbers prove how much 
more attractive is an open ceiling than a plastered one. 
On the left of the door is the old bar. The fireplace is 
ample, and an old oak “butterfly” table, so called from the 


The inn is isolated in its green frame of oaks and elms 


326 AMERICAN HOMES 


Bedroom occupied by Lafayette 


shape of the support of the leaf, delights the eye of the anti- 
quary and lover of old furniture. Among the other interest- 


ing pieces in Mr. Lemon’s collection are 
an oak settle-chair, or chair-table, owned 
originally by Colonel Jonathan Rice, of 
the Revolutionary Army, who kept the 
Rice Tavern in Sudbury; an old maple 
writing-chair in the Windsor style with 
drawer under the seat, and owned by Gen- 
eral Artemas Ward, of the Revolutionary 
Army, and given to the ‘Wayside Inn” by 
his descendant, Samuel Ward, of Shrews- 
bury, and removed from the old Ward 
House in that town by Mr. Lemon; two 
of the cabin chairs from the flagship 
“Hartford”; a mahogany claw-foot arm- 
chair, owned by John Lemon, appointed 
postmaster of Beverly, Mass., by John 
Adams; and a carved oak writing-desk, 
dated 1684. Not the least interesting 
article in his collection is the old carriage 
seen in the accompanying illustration, and 
which has conveyed many a tired traveler 
to the hospitable door of “The Red 
Horse.” 


The old carriage represented has an interesting history, 
for in it General Lafayette drove to Boston to be present at 


the laying of the corner-stone of the Bunker 
Hill Monument. On his arrival in Bos- 
ton for this great occasion he said to his 
friends: ‘In all my travels through the 
country, I have made Bunker Hill my 
polar star.’”’ On that memorable day, June 
17, 1825, when Daniel Webster delivered 
the address, Lafayette received from the 
Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand 
Lodge of Massachusetts, John Abbot, who 
laid the corner-stone, the trowel and spread 
the first layer of cement. 

It is a rare old place, dowered with 
charms both new and old. For among 
American inns it stands unique, at once so 
old and so livable, an inn really ancient as 
buildings are counted in America, and of 
more than respectable antiquity as habi- 
tated structures are counted anywhere. It 
is restful, in these days of lofty modern 
hostelries, to seek quiet in the fine old rooms 


Portrait of Ole-Bull, the celebrated 


violinist 


AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


of the ‘‘Red Horse Tavern.” Here the 
whole world is at peace, and there is naught 
amiss. It is true the motor-car is a bit out 
of place beneath these dark old walls, but 
not more so than before many an older 
building elsewhere. Here, at least, these 
very modern contrivances help to keep the 
old inn alight and alive, for they bring it 
goodly custom, and help to make it to-day 
quite as much of a landmark as it was by 
right in the older time. 

No! if the coach used by General de 
Lafayette appears a bit out of keeping with 
modern ideas, it was surely in the very fin- 
est of style when it was first used. And the 
finest carriage of any age is none too good 
for mine host of the ‘““Wayside Inn.” So 
the latest of motor-cars may siss and splut- 
ter without the door, and, with all its 
splendor and finery, perform no other task 
than did the ancient stage-coach which, like 
its modern successor, served the humble 


purposes of conveying guests to this hospitable place. And 
that the hospitality was hearty and welcome the history of 


the old inn tells us many and many a time. 
We may be assured that the great folk of 
bygone days would not have stopped here 
had they not been certain of a hearty wel- 
come and comforting fare. ‘The quaint 
old rooms still speak aloud the homeliness 
of the place and tell us—almost—what 
sort of folk once congregated here and the 
fare they had. 

The history of the past and the present 
are both united and exemplified in this 
rare old building. Its old walls witnessed 
alike the rise of the republic and its later 
boundless expansion. If in our own day 
it is no longer the scene of great historic 
events, if our national leaders no longer 
give it distinction and fame, it is only be- 
cause the center of our national life has 
shifted since its more brilliant days. Its 
rooms are still spacious and quite as avail- 
able as they ever were; but if it is no 
longer noted for its guests, it has but 
entered upon a newer and greener old 


age, that, we may trust, will endure for many years to come. 
Long may it last, for its fame is settled and sure! 


Bedroom occupied by Longfellow 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


327 


The Rochester Cheap Cottage Competition 
The First and Second Prize Designs 


By Sarah Tompkins Smith 


COMPETITION 
recently conducted by 
' the Chamber of 
Commerce of Roch- 


petition has been the stress laid upon 
the sanitary aspects of the houses, and 
the solution of the problems involved 
In a sanitary way. 


estemm UNE Y.9- for 


Somewhat strangely, it may appear 


designs for cheap 
cottages has pro- 
duced results of deep general interest 
which are bound to attract wide atten- 


at first sight, the first prize in the first 
two classes was won by a young 
Rochester girl, Miss Esther M. Byers. 
As a matter of fact, this is not at all 


tion. The problem presented in this 
competition was one of the most difh- 


singular. Architects of standing are 
not given to the study of the problems 


cult known to architects. It is true it 


involved in this competition; like most 
men they have their living to make, 


did not call for grandiose design nor 


for splendid drawings; but it was con- 
cerned with one of the most practical 


and their studies and work are quite 
naturally concerned with more ambi- 


of all architectural problems, the 


tious structures. But Miss Byers is 
on the threshold of an architectural 


housing of people of very moderate 
means in an exceedingly economical 
manner that would be at once hygienic 
and sound, and if not beautiful in 
expression, as the phrase is generally 
understood in architecture, at least adequate and satisfying. 

It was a competition that attracted wide attention, more 
than a hundred competitors submitted their ideas to the 
committee of judgment. The constitution of this committee 
was itself of interest, since it was composed of an architect, 
a fire-marshal, a contractor, a lumberman and a manufac- 
turer. Obviously it was a practical committee of the most 
practical kind, a committee that was certain to take into 
consideration the actual practical conditions involved, and not 
be influenced by esthetic requirements, as is the popular 
notion anent architects. 

The problem was, in brief, the preparation of designs of 


houses of three 
— y ————— 
S || s700P 
Laer 


costs: first, not to 
$1,250, and, third, 
DINING ROOM 


NOtmELONme <aciele d 
$1,000. The type of 
structure thus pro- 
posed was, it may 
at once be seen, 
quite out of the or- 
dinary, since dwell- 
ings of any of these 
costs are very rare, 
and even when built 
seldom possess any 
exterior grace of 
finish, or any special 
development of sani- 
tary principles. The 
latter element is, in- 
deed, the most im- 
portant one to be 
considered in any 
dwelling - house, be 
its cost large or 
small; but not the 
least of the tri- 
umphs of this com- 


exceed $1,500; sec- 
ond, not to exceed 
10+3"x/4-6" 
4 


$1,500 design—Second prize 


First floor. 


$1,500 design—Second prize 


career that bids fair to be more than 
usually successful. She could give, as 
a busy architect could not, time to the 
profound study of this difficult prob- 
lem. Moreover, as a woman she could be depended upon 
to attack her work more from the domestic side of the case 
than a man whose acquaintance with the livability of a house 
must, in most cases, be more or less secondary. But, what- 
ever the reason, she is to be heartily congratulated on her 
success, for she has developed an interesting type of cheap 
house. 

In houses of the low cost demanded in this competition 
there is little room for difference save in dimensions. Each 
has its own bathroom and kitchen; and, after these most 
important apartments, the single question is of space that 
may be provided at the cost allowed. The first prize design 
shows four rooms on the first floor: living-room, dining-room, 
kitchen and a fourth room which may be used as a bedroom 
or library. In the design for the second prize there are two 
rooms on this floor, a living-room and kitchen. The dwell- 
ing for the $1,000-house has also two rooms, a kitchen and 
living-room; but here the hall is on one side of the house, 
while in the $1,250-house it occupies the center. In some of 
the prize designs the 
first floor contains a 
parlor, surely a most 
unnecessary room in 
dwellings of the cost 
of these. 

There is no waste 
space in any of these 
houses. The plan- 
ning is throughout 
sound and economi- 
cal. The designs and 
specifications show 
an admirable econ- 
omy of structure 
and a wise use of 
material. The re- 
sults are, in each 
case, pleasing and 
satisfactory, without 
pretense and emi- 
nently practical. 


CHAMBER. 
10'x (449" 


$1,500 design —Second prize 


Second floor. 


328 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


BED ROOM 
9412-10" 


BED ROOM 
1 13*2"* 9-0" 


dS SSS SS SS er So Se I eI 


KITCHEN & DINING RM 
& WE" X17 -O" - 


BED ROOM 
OR. 


LIBRARY 
7768-6" 


LivineRoom'' DINING ROOM 
924N (0-07 © 13-2 10-0" ° 


$1,500 design—First prize $1,000 design—First prize 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


BED ROOM 
10:0°% 12-0" 


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ee A 


LIVING ROOM 


1o'x 1s" 


CHAMBER YS. 
10'X 13-6" 


$1,250 design—first prize $1,250 design—second prize 


329 


330 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


House of James E. Wheeler 


Edgehill Road, New Haven, Connecticut 


By Charles Chauncey 


HOUSE of excellent proportions of Colonial 
style is the one built for Mr. Wheeler at 
New Haven, Conn., and illustrated here- 
with in these pages. The site upon which 
it is built is a commanding one, and, as it 
is somewhat higher than the road in front 
it is kept quite close to the ground, in order 

to give it the elongated effect desired. It has a graceful 

porch at the center of the front, and a piazza at the south 
side of the house, 


which is reached 
from the _living- 
room through 


French windows, 
and here the family 
life centers on a 
warm day. 

The — entrance- 
porch, with its pan- 
eled doorway and 
leaded-glass_ sid e- 
windows and the 
small - lighted bay 
window above, is 
quite the feature of 
the exterior. 

The house is 
built, from the 
underpinning to the 
peak, of stucco, 
tinted a cream 
yellow and harmo- 
nizing well with the 
ivory-white trim- 
mings and the moss- 
green stain of its 
shingle roof. While 
the Dutch Colonial 
is characteristic of 
the exterior, the in- 
terior has received 
the treatment of the 
old Colonial, not 
only in its detail, but 
also in its decora- 
tions and furnish- 
ings. 

The hall is in the 
center of the house, 
and contains a hand- 
some staircase of 


The paneled entrance door and upper window 


white-painted balusters and mahogany rail. The remainder 
of the trim is painted white, and the walls are covered with 
a wall-paper, in blue and white, of the pattern of a blue 
medallion on a white ground. An open fireplace, with red 
brick facings and hearth and a Colonial mantel, completes 
the features of the room, while the old grandfather’s clock, 
mahogany table and Chippendale chair find a harmonizing 
setting built for them. ‘To the left of the hall is the living- 
room, finished in a similar manner. It has a white-painted 
trim and a two-tone 
green wall cover- 
ing; the brick fire- 
place has a Colonia] 
mantel. 

Across the hall 
from the living 
room is the dining- 
room, which has a 
white-painted trim. 
A chair-rail extends 
around the room, 
below which the 
wall space is cov- 
ered with a dull yel- 
low linen, and above 
which it is covered 
with a yellow and 
white wall-paper. A 
brick fireplace, with 
a Colonial mantel, 
together with the 
old Sheraton side- 
board and the other 
corresponding — fur- 
niture, make a very 
handsome room. 
The butler’s pantry, 
connecting with the 
dining-room, is 
fitted with dressers, 
sink and .cupboards. 
One door leads to 
the hall and _ the 
other to the kitchen, 
which is provided 
with all the best 
modern appoint- 
ments. 

The second floor 
is divided into bed- 
rooms and bath- 


RQ eA 
Nes 


Sint ean tas att 


The dining-room is yellow and white 


tone green wall covering 


d trim and a two- 


-painte 


white 


room has 


The living- 


ep) 
Z. 
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a 
a 
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a 
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elo yey i 
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The staircase in the main hall 


August, 1909 


332 


Booms. Mrs: 
Wheeler’s room is 
treated with white- 
painted trim, a wall 
covered with paper 
of large pink roses 
on a white ground, 
while Mr. Wheeler’s 
room has also a 
white trim and a 
wall covering in 
green and white, 
with latticed effect. 
Miss  Wheeler’s 
room has a blue and 
white-striped — wall- 
paper. slhere: “are 
two guests’ rooms 
on this floor, one of 
which has a_ wall 


covering in holly- 
hocks, and the other 
in yellow roses. The 
trim of both rooms 
is painted white. 
The bathrooms have 
yellow-painted walls 
throughout, and are 
furnished with 
porcelain fixtures 
and exposed _ nickel- 
plated plumbing. 
Ample _ servants’ 
quarters and _ store- 
room are provided 
on the third floor, 
and the cellar under 
the entire building 
is devoted to the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The house stands on rising ground but is itself low and long 


a Livin Room 
and Library- 
t 


Plan of first floor 


\| 


Wed 


IMisti 


August, 1909 


heating apparatus, 
fuel rooms. laundry 
and cold-storage. 
Here is a house 
at once of com- 
manding simplicity 
and penetrating 
charm” lessee 
goodly _ country 
house, ample in size, 
generous in its di- 
mensions, hospitable 
in its character. De- 
signed and erected 
to meet the specific 
needs of its owner, 
it has the universal 
characteristics of a 
good house. 
These may be 


briefly summed up. 
Notwithstanding its 
size, the plan is 
really thoroughly 
condensed; it is 
without waste and 
is economically ar- 
ranged. The rooms 
are generous in size 
and are agreeably 
related! tomeaen 
other. The exterior 
expressiom as 
highly successful. 
Mr. Mantle 
Fielding, of Phila- 
delphia, Pa., was 
the architect of this 
interesting house. 


= = 


Garden Notes 


Le 
‘ 


LZ fig 


Algae in Pornleaandiaipond: 


HE green scum which grows in lakes and fountains in summer 

is a small plant known botanically as an alga. It is almost 

always seen in drinking-troughs and may appear in any body of 
water. It is unsightly and may make the water unpalatable though 
it is not in itself injurious. 

Other varieties of alga give a peculiar fishy taste and odor to water 
from ponds and reservoirs, although the plant may not be visible to 
the eye. 

Ground waters are more likely to produce a growth of alge than 
surface waters. 

It has been found that a weak solution of copper sulphate will 
kill all these alge and prevent the growth of new ones and it has 
become a simple matter to keep the water clear. 

One part of sulphate of copper to five million parts of water is 
usually sufficient to kill the alga, but such a weak solution is entirely 
harmless to fish and to man. One could scarcely drink enough of 
such water in a day to get as much copper sulphate as there is in a 
can of peas. 


The bacteria of disease, such as typhoid, are killed in three hours 
by a solution of one part of copper sulphate to one-hundred thousand 
parts of water, and such a strength does not injure aquatic plants 
but it will kill many fish. 

One pound of copper sulphate in five hundred thousand gallons of 
water gives a strength of one in four million, which is good to start 
with. If this does not do the work, a stronger solution might be tried. 

The best way to apply the copper sulphate is to put the required 
amount in a course bag and drag it back and forth through the water 
until it is all dissolved. In some cases, when the water contains a 
large amount of organic acids, it may be necessary to add enough lime 
to precipitate the copper. It is also extremely probable that the 
copper-sulphate treatment will kill the larve of mosquitoes. One 
treatment each season should be enough, but two weak doses will 
probably be better than one strong one. 

Bulletin No. 64 of the Bureau of Plant Industry of U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture should be consulted for further information on 
this subject. 


Weed Killers 


There are several good weed killers which can be used in keeping 
paths, gutters and gravel roads free from weeds. 

They are especially useful on a large place because they save so 
much labor in hoeing and weeding. ‘They can be applied either with 
the watering-pot or watering-cart or with the spraying apparatus. 
The cost should not exceed two cents a square yard even in small 
quantities. On a long road, of course, the cost should be much less. 


One application every second year is said to be enough and one weed 
killer is claimed to be a dust preventive. 

The weed killer can also be used to exterminate such objectionable 
things as poison-ivy, thistles, nettles, etc. 

Weeds in the lawn must be cut out with a spud (a chisel-like tool 
on a long handle) or a drop of sulphuric acid can be put on the 
crown of each weed, killing it at once. 


A Carpet and Edging Plant 


The common wild cranberry, or small cranberry (Oxycoccus 
macrocarpus) is an erect dwarf evergreen which will grow in any 
garden soil as well as in its natural swamps and bogs. 

It can be planted thickly and will soon make a solid carpet six or 
eight inches above the ground. 

The flowers are pretty and the scarlet fruits which last through 
the winter are handsome. ‘The leaves are bright green in summer; 


in winter, they are bronzed by the cold, resembling the color of 
Azalea amoena. It is useful as a carpet plant or as an edging for 
rhododendrons or other broad-leaved evergreens. At the edge of ponds 
or in the bog garden it finds its most congenial soil. 

We are poorly provided with shrubby plants growing less than a 
foot high, but we have many situations where such plants could be 
used if they are thoroughly good and the cranberry is one of the best. 


Turquoise Berry 


“What is turquoise berry and where can I get it,” asks a friend in 
Bedford. “It is a vine with blue beries which I saw in a Connecticut 
garden and the owner refused to tell me where she got it.” 

Turquoise Berry is just a very fancy “name for Ampelopsis 
heterophylla (Vitis heterophylla) a Japanese vine which is much used 


to cover arbors, pergolas and trellises. It is not difficult to get since 
it has been in cultivation for many years and has been found growing 
wild at Lancaster, Pa. I think you will find it in any large nursery. 
It is an admirable vine for decorative purposes because of its handsome 
foliage and light blue berries which hang on for a long tme. 


Planting Evvergreens in August 


Many experts consider August the most favorable time to trans- 
plant evergreen trees; the growth for the year being completed, the 
plant is then in a dormant condition and better able to stand the 
shock than in the spring when growth is active and the new shoots are 
likely to dry up. 

August weather is a little against safe transportation and the trees 
planted at that time must be carefully watered when they are set out. 
August planting gives the trees time to grow new roots and to become 
thoroughly settled in the ground and established before the ground 


Seeding 


For the best results in lawn making all grass seed should be sown 
before Labor Day. ‘There is then time with the help of autumn rains 
for the young grass to make a good growth before cold weather sets 
in. If the work can not be done by Labor Day it had better be put 
off until the following April for a good catch is unlikely after that. 


freezes. Planting in August or September will not do because there 
is not time for growth before frosts, and the trees will heave and 
be loosened in the ground, and, consequently, be dried out by the 
severe winter winds. 

Spring planting, on the other hand, if it is done before the growth 
starts, has the advantage of cool weather and ground moistioned by 
spring rains. 

Evergreens can be moved at any time of year if they are dug with 
a ball of earth. 


Lawns 


Fall seeding is better than spring seeding because it gives more time 
to do the work, the rush being less in August than in April and 
because the grass gets a good start before frost and is ready to grow 
fast in the spring and the lawn will be much better than one which 
is sowed eight months later. 


Celery 


Celery can be planted at any time in July or August. It is much 
easier to buy the plants than to try to grow them from seed, which 
must be started early in the spring. It should be planted in rows 
three feet apart and the plants six inches apart in a row. 


Thorough cultivation and a moist rich soil are absolutely necessary. 
Celery can not be grown in a dry soil no matter how well other 
plants may do in it. It is doubtful if it pays to grow celery in a 
small garden. 


XIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


w~ CORRESPONDENCE © 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in, Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ”’ 


BOOKCASE AND CABINET 


ss E have rather a peculiar need in 


our home,” writes an Iowa _ sub- 

scriber, Mrs. G. F. G., “in the col- 
lecting tastes of our two sons. ‘These boys 
share the same sleeping-room, where I have 
provided them with twin beds, and the large 
alcove they use together as a sitting-room. 
One boy is a great reader and manages to ac- 
cumulate a good many books from time to 
time; the other is collecting minerals at a 
great rate. I have given them open shelves 
that hang on the wall, and now we are talking 
of building in some regular bookshelves, but 
this does not seem to me much of an improve- 
ment. I have seen some bookcases that are 


A cabinet for books and curiosities 


enlarged from time to time, and this idea is 
just what would suit us if the shape of the 
cases was attractive. Is there anything differ- 
ent that you could suggest ?” 

A bookcase with glass doors and adjustable 


shelves would be the ideal way to meet the 
requirements of this family, and the kind that 
could be added to is certainly the most practi- 
cal. In the illustration a simple design is 
shown that gives all of these arrangements 
with a tasteful outline that will always be ac- 
ceptable. If minerals are to be shown through 
the glass, the leads may be omitted and each 
door have only a plain sheet of glass. ‘This 
bookcase is thirty-one inches wide and may be 
added to at either end without altering its trim 
appearance. 


A WINDOW PROBLEM 


V. H. asks how to treat successfully a large 
triple window with a decided round to the top. 
“That is,” she says, “the middle window is 
straight across the top, but the windows at the 
side are each rounded so that shades do not fit. 
What can be done with these hopeless win- 
dows?” 

The ordinary upholsterer would soon solve 
this problem by cut- 
ting yards and yards 
of material into loops 
and festoons, edging 
them with _ thick 
fringe, lining and in- 
terlining every particle 
of the goods in won- 
derful fashion. As the 
room is on large lines 
the windows may be 
treated in a way to 
give straight effects 
instead of the circular. 
A net or lace will first 
need to be hung across 
the glass, and there 
are especial rods made 
that will fit the curve 
and permit the lace to 
be fastened to it. A 
long brass pole an inch 
and a half in diameter 
(as the space is twelve 
inches wide) may be 
fastened above the top 
of the casement, and 
at either end one 
width of fifty-inch 
drapery material may 
be hung to the floor, 
with a deep valance 
across the top. The 
end pieces will cover 
the curves of the case- 
ment and add dignity 
to the spaces of the 
room. A sateen lin- 
ing will help to keep 
the material in shape 
without making the 
folds too heavy. Silk, armures or light-weight 
fabrics could be selected for this room in tones 
that harmonize with the walls. This scheme 
is more satisfying than heavy upholstery work. 

(Continued on page vt) 


ee enemies 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


PLACING THE HOUSE ON A SIDE-HILL LOT 


N the May number of AMERICAN HoMES 
| AND GARDENS we gave a brief discussion 

of the position a house should occupy on 
different corner lots. Judging by the letters 
which the editor of this department has re- 
ceived since that time, the subject has aroused 
much interest . Some of the queries will be 


SE nag 


RK ai f Fe rie 
vy ; i Phen 


ie Lee Ne 
| a 


RESIDENCE 


Parlor Floor 
Bor 


gs. 


ne 
i 


Arrangement of a side-hill lot 


answered at length in the September number. 
In the meantime, it may be interesting to con- 
sider the location of the house when the lot 
slopes rapidly from the street. 

The plan shown herewith is of a lot 175 feet 
deep and 150 feet front. “The back of the 
lot is fully thirty feet lower than the sidewalk 
in front. 

The restrictions on the property made it 
necessary to place the house forty feet back 
from the property line and, for other reasons, 
it was thought best to place the house about 
on the middle of the lot. 

Other houses on this low side of the street 
have been placed high; the ground floor two 
or three feet above the ‘sidewalk level. ‘This 
made much filling to raise the ground between 
the house and sidewalk, filling which was 
expensive to do and not justified by the results. 
In this case we decided that the first floor 
would be high enough if it was on the same 
level as the sidewalk, with the porch six inches 
lower-and the front. walk a foot lower. ‘This 
makes one low step from the walk to the 
porch and a slope of one foot on the front 
walk from the sidewalk to the porch. The 
lawn, of course, slopes with the walk. Setting 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV 


the house low has improved its appearance, 
giving it a cosy homelike air which the stilted 
structures near by do not have, and it has 
saved much earth for important grading at 
the back of the house. 

The advantage of a side hill is that the 
cellar is light and can be made useful. In this 
house we have a good sunny laundry under 
the kitchen, a laundry which is but Ittle 
above the level of the drying-yard, so that 
there is no long flight of steps to carry clothes 
up and down. 

Under the living-room there is a billiard- 
room with a door opening to the little flower 
garden south of the house. ‘This garden is 
easily reached from the porch, and it is on the 
way to the bowling green. It is perfectly 
screened from the street by the flowering 
shrubs which are planted on the terrace banks 
and will therefore have much more of the 
garden spirit than a garden usually has on such 
a small lot. 

The bowling green is shaded by large trees 
and screened from the neighbors’ windows at 
the back by a thick mass of wich-hazel, 
viburnums and snow berries planted under the 
trees. 

A small place divided as this is into many 
small compartments on different levels seems 
much larger than the same place would on 
level ground, and it has much more variety 
and interest. 

It is an easy place to maintain because there 
are but four small grass plots, all nearly level, 
and no grass terrace banks which are hard to 
cut and are usually brown in summer. 

Under the garage there is a cellar or base- 
ment on a level with the walk at the back. It 
is an excellent place for tools and for the 
storage of all the truck which must be kept 
on the place. 

The shrubs are hardy things which once 
planted will need little care and will hold the 
steep banks successfully. 

Wild roses, such as the carolina, lucida, 
nitida, setigera, multiflora and wichuraiana, 
forsythias, barberries, and, toward the front of 
the place, lilacs, weigelas, syringa and spiraeas. 

In the garden there are only perennials and 
bulbs, mostly things which bloom either in 
spring or fall. 

This plan, of course, could not be reversed 
for use on a lot sloping up from the street. 
The case is then quite different, as the light 
side of the cellar would be in front and could 
not be used for the laundry nor would it be 
nice to have the parlor on that floor. 

We have arranged a lot sloping up from 
the street, and may describe it in a later issue 
if the letters from our readers indicate an in- 
terest in such a scheme. It is a much more 
dificult problem than the one which we have 
just described, but one which, with the cooper- 
ation of the architect, can be solved in quaint 
and convenient ways. 


WILD PARSNIPS 


A correspondent asks “if there is any truth 
in the popular idea that the garden parsnip in 
its wild state is poisonous and that the culti- 
vated vegetable becomes poisonous if permitted 
to come up the second year?” 

The common parsnip seems to be poisonous 
when it runs wild in wet meadows. It belongs 
to a family of poisonous plants and it may be, 
as you say, more poisonous the second year than 
the first. There is no distinction botanically 
between the wild parsnip and the garden 
parsnip. 


VINES FOR THE PERGOLA 
“What kind of a vine will entwine prettily 


around pergola beams, covering the beams but 
not growing thick enough to make a roof of 


Cottage 


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foliage that would shut off light in the 
court?” W. F. W. 

Akebia quinata seems to be the best vine for 
your purpose. Any vine will shut off the light, 
that’s what they are grown on pergolas for, 
but the akebia has rather small delicate foliage 
and will twine around the beams without 
growing in dense masses as the honeysuckle 
does. 


DYING NORWAY SPRUCES 


W. Y. There is no way of saving young 
Norway spruce trees which were planted this 
spring, as I suppose yours were. [hey are 
undoubtedly dying because they were dry 
when planted, or because they were poorly 
planted, and have dried out since. It would 
be well to look them over and see that all are 
firm in the earth, and the ground not too dry. 

It is possible also that they have been 
watered too much. A good soaking when they 
are planted, and another in July and August 
if there is a drought, should be enough for 
any tree. More would only be an injury. 

If an evergreen tree once shows signs of poor 
health, if it is brown and the needles begin 
to fall and there is no new growth, it might 
as well be taken up and burned, for nothing 
can save it. 

The Norway spruce commonly lasts only 
fifty or sixty years in this country. After that 
it dies or looks so thin and scraggly that we 
wish it would die, and are quite ready to cut 
it down and plant something less stiff and 
gloomy. The tree lacks picturesqueness and 
charm, and except when very young it does 
not compare in beauty with some of our 
native spruces or with the hemlock, which is 
an excellent tree of the same conical shape. 


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Xvi 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


In Touch With 


The railroad president to-day spends 
the greater portion of the summer at his 
country home renewing his energy. He 
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over the telephone. 


He may be one hundred miles or more 
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the principal business centers of the coun- 
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He is notified immediately when any- 
thing important occurs; his advice and 
direction are asked and given over the 
telephone ; the machinery of the road goes 
on. 

Each day, at the noon hour or in the 
early morning or late afternoon, he con- 
ducts his business over the long distance 
line. 


He is in touch with his world. 


Through the day he has been renewing 
his energy —sailing, driving, or playing 
golf—making himself more fit for the busier 
season and able at all times to handle a 
larger system and a larger volume of busi- 
ness than the railroad president of two 
decades ago. 

This is simply an illustration which ap- 
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such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. 
q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of 
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NEW YORK 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
(Continued from page xiv) 


WALL-PAPERS FOR A RECTORY 


“Will you advise me about choosing some 
pretty wall-papers for our new home? This 
is my husband’s first charge and the rectory 
has been all renovated for us, with the privi- 
lege of selecting whatever wall-papers we 
wish. I am very desirous to have something 
that is tasteful yet up-to-date. The rug in the 
parlor is a French Wilton in small pattern 
and unaggressive colors—almost anything will 
go with it. The dining-room rug is a mixed 
blue and green. ‘The study has a carpet in 
green and brown. ‘The bedrooms are all to 
have new rugs. This point, also, I would like 
some help about.’”—D. E. J., Massachusetts. 

There should be no difficulty in finding 
pretty wall-papers in this State, as there are 
several good factories at no very great dis- 
tance. In a home of this kind the walls 
should be treated with quiet, two-toned pa- 
pers, or the texture weaves that are now so 
much in vogue. In the parlor, a two-toned 
tan paper would be attractive. In the dining- 
room, a tan with a little green or blue in the 
figure. In the study, a silk-fiber in ivory or 
deep cream, or an oatmeal paper in buff 
color. 

The walls of the bedroom may be planned 
with reference to the floor coverings, as these 
will show the largest proportion of color in 
the furnishings of rooms of this kind. ‘There 
are charming, durable rugs made in Scotland 
of heavy wool that are especially adapted for 
this part of the house. As often advised in 
this department, the most sanitary way to 
treat the sleeping-room floor is to cover the 
spaces at the sides of the bed and at the foot 
with rugs that fit these spaces. ‘This may also 
be done wih the Wilton rugs and the cotton 
ones woven in the old-fashioned way. Or 
regular carpeting may be made up into the 
right shapes. For one room a white and yel- 
low broken stripe may have at the top under 
the picture-molding a cut-out border of yel- 
low poppies. (This would, naturally, be the 
north or east chamber.) For a south bedroom 
a gray texture paper may have a narrow bor- 
der of yellow roses. For the guest room a 
green-and-white leaf paper may be chosen if 
the woodwork is painted white. A pink rose 
border may be the decoration for a white 
stripe, a pink stripe or a gray, suggesting the 
dainty accompaniments of toilet articles with 
pink ribbons. 


PICTURES FOR A BUNGALOW 


“The walls of a bungalow we have rented 
for the season are of plain pine wood. We 
have only brought our clothes and table silver 
with us, and do not care to put up framed 
pictures. What would you suggest for a sea- 
son’s decoration to give interest to our rooms 
on days when we are compelled by the weather 
to remain indoors?” —E. C. 

The English coaching and automobiling 
prints in bright, attractive colors are suitable 
for fastening against a wood wall surface, 
using the dull brass thumb-tacks at the cor- 
ners of the pictures. “There are also several 
series of nursery panels that are possible to 
utilize for children of a larger growth. Some 
of the picture friezes may be bought by the 
yard, and the ships and landscapes are often 
complete enough to detach in this way. If the 
regular colored prints seem too small they may 
be pasted to gray or brown paper to form a 
mat. 


August, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVii 


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American Domes and Gardens covers a wide scope; it deals with 
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eStates. All degrees of gardening, from laying out a landscape to the planting of a 
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appear in American Homes and Gardens dunng 1908, will show the wide choice 
of subject: 


Notable American Homes (12 descriptive 
articles) The Rose as a Summer Bedder 
—Private Automobile Garages—Leaded 
Glass Windows—Etching on Copper 
and Brass—Problems in House Furn- 
ishing (12 papers)—Garden Work About 
the Home(12 papers)—Indoor Bulb Cul- 
ture—Farming Experiment ofaWoman 
—Rugs from the Scrap Bag—Water 
Parks—Old-Time Lights— Latches and 
Knockers—The Sun Room—Japanese 
Gardens in America— Sun-Dials — 
Heating and Lighting with Alcohol— 
Spring Houses Old and New—Plan- 
ning a Country Home—The House 
Roof and Its Garden—The Plant and 
the Season— Garden Streams and 
Bridges—Stencil Work in Home Dec- 
oration—Bungalows (12 articles)—Scien- 
tific Poultry Breeding. 


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Cottage Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and 
investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever 


brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within 
the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. 
The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades 
of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first 
series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 
more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given 
Cones nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexp™nsive 
omes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been 
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No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally 

costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and 

details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descrip- 

tions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of 

cee Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
etails. 


No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in 
various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; em- 
bracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior 
and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the 
specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from 
photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, 
ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
elevations and constructive detafls, showing interior and exterior finish, 
all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. 
Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of 
the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations 


and details. 
ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID 


(Sold Separately) 


e SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 
MUNN & CO Publishers of 


Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York 


XVill 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


Half a mile for twelve years 


A customer writes us: 
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OUR FUTURE) FRG 
GARDENS 


By E. P. Powell 


OTWITHSTANDING the extraordi- 
nary development of better fruits, it has 
been largely confined to the rose family 

(Rosacee). Apples are rapidly improving in 
quality, and we have got pretty close to per- 
fection in Stayman’s Winesap, Winterstein, 
Delicious, Walper Pease, McIntosh Red, 
Jonathan, Grimes’ Golden and King David 
This is not intended for a complete list of ideal 
apples, but it will be hard to surpass those 
named. ‘Then, for older sorts that can not be 
displaced, we have Northern Spy, Baldwin, 
Spitzenburg and Rhode Island Greening. If 
the trees were not brittle and subject to win- 
ter killing, perhaps the King would stand at 
the very head of the list. At any rate, if one 
wishes to see the progress made in apples, note 
how the Fameuse or Snow has given us half 
a dozen children of such high quality as to dis- 
place the parents. While the Winesap family 
is even more prolific of sterling new sorts. 

Pears are also practically a closed up chap- 
ter in evolution. We shall hardly get any- 
thing finer than Sheldon, Anjou, Bosc, Seckel 
and Flemish Beauty. You might double this 
list of ideal pears. The fight now remains with 
insects and fungus—in the pear orchard mainly 
with fungus. ‘The plum chapter was very in- 
complete until Mr. Burbank took hold and 
gave us his remarkable list of cross-breeds; 
lifting our native plums our of their worthless- 
ness into high rank. We still have something 
to do, however, in creating a Green Gage as 
big as a Magnum Bonum, while retaining the 
vitality of the Green Gage tree. The Bavay 
Green Gage is a long stride in this direction. 
I look to see a big family of these gages cover- 
ing the whole season. In quality it is the ideal 
plum, impossible to surpass. The Bleecker is 
everybody’s plum, offering bushels to the poor- 
est man, on the poorest soil, in the smallest 
yard. It is not quite ideal in quality, but 
comes very near being one of the finished-up 
fruits. In the cherry list we need a good 
group of perfectly hardy sweet cherries, as 
hardy as the Morellos and as resistant to in- 
sects. 

This whole Rosacee family of fruits is still 
open for evolution. In addition to those named 
we have the quince, as yet only fit for cook- 
ing—although Mr. Burbank claims to have 
given us, in the Pineapple Quince, a good 
start in the direction of a dessert fruit. If 
we can carry the aroma of the quince into 
varieties that are tender and digestible, and 
then multiply the varieties, as we have the 
apples and pears, we shall have done some- 
thing worth the while. I am growing Mr. 
Burbank’s new variety, but do not feel sure 
of its edible qualities; there certainly is a big 
job ahead. The quince is becoming an orch- 
ard fruit in some sections of the South, and of 
considerable importance. In that section 
there are more chances for wildings and seed- 
lings—which we may look for. 

I am glad to report that a great deal is 
being done in. the way of improving our 
native wild persimmon. Mr. Samuel Miller, 
who was secretary of the Missouri Horticul- 
tural Society, was the first to select varieties 
and test them. He secured some half dozen 
of extra quality, most of which I tested in 
New York State, on native stock, and found 
entirely hardy as far north as Utica. The 
best of these, which he named the Josephine, 
is now sold by Mr. Munson, of Denison, 
Texas, as the Honey. It is a splendid fruit, 
preferred by many to the best Japanese sorts. 
What we want now is to reduce the number 
and size of the seeds. “There is no reason why 
we can not make the American persimmon as 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


arse sremrmsactasmioinam nar cucirac na sommidteasrimn memati 
Jy Te eee ee Ag 


The Charm of a Formal Garden 


is the charm of white stone among green lawns, trees and vines, in the form of sun dials, pergolas, 
fountains, steps, walks, seats and arbors. 

The formal gardens of Italy were adorned with carved marble. It is possible for you to 
reproduce the effects of such gardens at a small expense by using Atlas Cement Concrete, 
a mixture of fine sand with 


ATLAS CEMENT 


The one point you should never forget is that the success of concrete construction de- 
pends upon the quality of cement used. 

“Portland”’ does not mean quality. It is merely the name of a kind of cement. “Atlas” 
is the brand of Portland Cement that makes concrete construction successful. 

“Atlas” is the standard in Portland Cements. It is always pure, always uniform and is made 
in one grade only—the best—and the same for everybody. The United States Government 
has purchased 4,500,000 barrels of Atlas Portland Cement for the Panama Canal. To get 
the best results you must specify Atlas Portland Cement. Write for 

“Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm” (Free) 
“Concrete Country Residences” (25 cents) 


“Concrete Cottages” (Free) 
“Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction” (10 cents) and others 


If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to 


THE ATLAS porttannD CEMENT COMPANY, DEPT. 10, 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 


Largest output of any cement company in the world. Over 40,000 barrels per day 


pe AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


of a Nation’s Wheat— 

of a Nation’s Bakertes— 
of a Nation’s Bakers— 

The result— 


Uneeda Biscuit 


The BEST Soda Cracker 


From start to finish—from the granary 


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them so 


mm Practical Steam and === 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


By ALFRED G. KING 
402 Pages. Containing 304. Illustrations 


Price $3.00 


An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 

together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. 

This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 
text, diagrams and illustrations. 


CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. II. Heat. l1I. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 


paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. 
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 
XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. t 


Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 


: and Scientific American 232 
{0} 


large and as rich and as marketable as the 
Japanese. 

I have myself quite as much hope of the 
American pawpaw, a thoroughly hardy fruit, 
to be found in the lowlands of Ohio, Indiana 
and Michigan. This little tree is adaptable 
to our upland soils if we will mulch it well, 
and see that it is supplied with sufficient water 
in dry spells. The fruit is about half the size 
of a banana, and a good sort is equal to the 
best clotted cream. Here again we have to 
eliminate large seeds, and it can be done. It 
is very probable that there are extra choice 
persimmons and pawpaws in the hands of pri- 
vate parties, and not yet reported to experi- 
ment stations or the Washington Department 
of Agriculture—as all such things should be. 
It is almost a criminal affair to let choice fruits 
be lost to the public. 

It is a curious fact that while we have 
sweet apples and sour apples, we have in the 
orange stock never known of anything but 
more or less sour oranges. I have lately come 
upon a seedling which is absolutely sweet, 
without a trace of citric acid. The flavor is 
high, the orange heavy and rind sufficiently 
thin, and it seems quite probable that we are 
to have a race of sweet oranges developed. A 
seedling lemon, started in Baltimore, I think, 
grows a fruit weighing from one to two 
pounds each. ‘This fruit will probably dis- 
place the old lemon, although I am not quite 
sure that the size will not prove too large for 
the market. The quality of this lemon is 
superb, and a tree hanging full of the fruit 
is equal to a grapefruit tree in beauty. 

The lime has been known in market as an 
insignificant fruit in size, but now we have 
a lime about three times the size of the old 
one, with a thin skin and most delicious 
quality. This lime ought to displace all others 
very quickly, as it will grow on all sorts of 
citrus stock. Another semi-tropical fruit of 
which we expect great improvement is the 
loquat. It is already doubling in size. It is 
pear-shaped with the flavor of a cherry. It 
probably will not become a market fruit to 
any extent in the North, because easily 
bruised. It ought to be shipped in crates like 
currants and berries. 

There is a lot of work still to be done in 
the berry fields. As long as we have had the 
red raspberry under cultivation we have not 
yet secured a thoroughly good all-round 
market berry. “The Loudon would be about 
the thing if it were not so quick to melt down. 
It serves well as a home fruit. ‘The purple 
berries, especially the Shaffer, do not quite 
please the popular taste, although they are 
pretty nearly ideal in quality and size. The 
Golden Queen is a little better than Cuth- 
bert which is red, but off in color. It does 
not kill back quite so readly in winter as its 
mate. My own Silver Queen is hardier and 
every way finer, if the canes are tall enough. 
We will have to see about that. 

At any rate, we need a lot of thorough work 
in the way of improving our red raspberries. 
It will have to be based on the Cuthbert, as 
all in all the nearest to an ideal. We must, 
however, have a hardier berry, and we can im- 
prove the flavor. The black raspberry is 
already brought to perfection in the Cumber- 
land, and two or three more varieties. “The 
blackberry is also about right for garden work 
in King Philip and Eldorado. I am not sure 
that we have any better strawberry for gen- 
eral cultivation than Wm. Belt, and yet the 
Wm. Belt has been grown for about fifteen 
years. ‘“‘Better” sorts are sent out each year, 
but for a combination of prolific bearing, 
good size, fine flavor and good shape we have 
hardly the superior of that old sort. It is a 
grand field, however, for trial. It looks as 
if we should be dissatisfied without we could 


August, 1909 


have something new to stir our enthusiasm 
every year. 

The edible cacti need not be discussed as a 
novelty, for they are not; but we should bear 
in mind that our noblest fruits, as well as 
grains, have been developed from the most 
insignificant wild stuff. Our apples and our 
oranges came out of hedge rows, and our 
pears were hardly edible uncooked one hun- 
dred years ago. “There are remaining scores 
of fruits that will probably be worked up 
into something valuable, and some of them 
will probably be of quite as much use as those 
we have secured from the Rosacee family. 
Every land-owner should make it a part of 
his field work and garden work to help on evo- 
lution. The Government is at present doing 
some very admirable work in the way of in- 
troducing new fruits from foreign countries, 
although its efforts in the way of improving 
citrus fruits have not yet proved to be a re- 
markable success. The citranges are of some 
value, but hardly more useful than wild or- 
anges. The Department has, however, waked 
up a general enthusiasm, and is doing what 
will ultimate in magnificent progress. 


A PRETTY KITCHEN GARDEN 


HE accompanying plan for a garden 

sixty feet square is equally suitable for a 

large place or a small one, and may be 
the basis for multiplication or division as cir- 
cumstances demand. ‘The spacing is planned 
with reference to having the cultivation done 
with a hoe or hand cultivator, and no space is 
allowed for weeds. ‘There will be enough 
among the plants without allowing room for 
them between the rows. It is most economical 
both in space and in labor to plant in rows, 
all running the same way, the direction being 
determined by the location of the plot. 

We will suppose that a garden sixty feet 
square is to be started in the spring. We be- 
gin by laying a foundation for years to come 
by starting an asparagus bed. If the plants 
are two years old, we may hope to cut them 
next spring, and thereafter indefinitely, pro- 
vided the bed is kept clear of weeds and well 
manured every autumn. Eight feet in width 
is not too much space to devote to this invest- 
ment. “The Colossal is a standard variety, and 
may be bought of any good nursery man who 
deals in asparagus. In this space six rows may 
be set, with the plants one and one half feet 
apart. Be sure to set the roots into the deep 
trench, which should be dug for them. Two 
hundred and forty plants will be ample. 

At each of the outer corners of this bed a 
small triangular space may be taken for 
flowers; in one plant a dozen sunflower seeds; 
in the others, as many hollyhocks. The sun- 
flowers will overtop everything in the garden 
—except, perhaps, the corn—and blossom this 
year. The hollyhocks will grow luxuriantly, 
but will not blossom until next year. In Sep- 
tember you should transplant all but about 
three, and they will be very effective next year 
at intervals along the whole outer edge of the 
asparagus bed, blossoming in the latitude of 
New York from the first to the middle of 
July. In the spaces between these hollyhocks 
nothing is so pretty as yellow chrysanthemums. 
They can be set in the spring when the work 
begins, and will be coming into their fullest 
beauty just as the frost has laid everything 
else low. 

This asparagus bed this year is also a good 
place for a series of raddish and lettuce crops 
sowed between the asparagus rows. ‘The 
first may be sowed just as early as the ground 
can be worked, before it is necessary or, indeed, 
safe to set the asparagus. “The little lettuce 
plants, when about four inches high, should be 
transplanted so as to have room for root de- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


You spend much time and 
money all Summer seeking 
to keep yourself and family 
in the outside air. The air 
of Winter is, if anything, 
purer. The reason many a 
family does not get the bene- 
fit of pure, fresh air all the 
year round is because they 
stick to stuffy, ashy, gas- 
laden, old-fashioned heating 
methods. 


The Hot Water or the 


warm the air as fast as it comes in and just 
ME IC AN Dr AL where it comes in. 
X Low-Pressure Steam is gently but surely piped 


RADIATORS 


around them. 
matter. 
tempestuous of Winter days. 


BOILERS to the AMERICAN Radiators that warm the 

cold air as it flows under, through, over and 
The force or direction of the wind, or intensity of the cold, does not 
There is Summer warmth throughout the whole house on the most 


IDEAL Boilers do not merely “burn coal”—they develop its full heating 
energy —and distribute all the available heat of the fuel through the AMERICAN 


Gear: ‘ 
A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 600 
ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, 
costing the owner $255, were used 
to Hot-Water heat this cottage. 


A No. 22 IDEAL Boiler cnd 240 ft. 
of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, 
costing the owner $115, were used 
to Hot-Water heat this cottage. 


At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent Fitter. 
This did not include cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- 
tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. 


Showrooms 
in all large cities 


Modern Plumbing 
Illustrated 


By R. M. STARBUCK 
400 (10% x74) Paces 


55 FULL PaGEs OF 
ENGRAVINGS 


PRICE, $4.00 


@ A comprehensive and 
up-to-date work illus- 
trating and describing 
the Drainage and Ven- 
tilation of Dwellings, 
Apartments and Public 
Buildings, etc. The 
very latest and most ap- 
proved methods in all 
branches of Sanitary In- 
stallation are given. 


@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 
trated follow in the next column. 


MUNN & COMPANY, Pubdshers 


SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE, 363 BROADWAY, NEWYORK 


AMERICANRADIATOR (OMPAN 
eos oe oe oe ots os oe os os of oe ote Mee aM lf so ots ote ots os os 


Radiators to the rooms to be warmed. 


Whether your cottage, house, store, building, 
church, etc., is OLD or new, farm or city, do 
not delay investigating this best investment 
feature of any building. Saves fuel, labor, re- 
pairs — gives greatest comfort, protects the 
health and insures household cleanliness, safety 
and durability. Just the season to get the serv- 
ices of the most skillful fitters—now, before 
Winter; not then, when it’s here. 


You will enjoy reading our free book, which 
tells lots of things about heating economies 
it will pay you well to know. Write for it 
to-day, describing kind of building you wish 
to heat. 


Write Dept. 6 
CHICAGO 


SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 
Traps — Venting 
Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 
House Trap and Fresh-Air [niet 
Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 
Rain Leaders 
Sub-soil Drainage 
Floor Connections 
Roof Connections 
Local Venting 
Bath Room Connections [ete. 
Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 
Use of Flushing Valves 
Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 
Durham System 
Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 
Automatic Sewage Lift— Sump Tank 
Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
High Buildings 
Country Plumbing 
Cesspools 
The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 
Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 
Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 
Examples of Poor Practice 
Roughing — Testing 
Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Circuit and Loop Venting 
Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 
Cellar Work 
House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
Plumbing for Cottage House 
Plumbing for Residence 
Plumbing for Two-Flat House 
Plumbing for Apartment Houses 
Plumbing for Office Building 
Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 
Plumbing for Bath Establishment 
Plumbing for Engine Houses 
Plumbing for Stables 
Plumbing for Factories 
Plumbing for School Houses, ete. [by Electricity 
Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 


xxii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


August, 1909 


Grow 
Chestnuts 
Like This 


For Profit : 
‘overs a 50c. piece. 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre 
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any 
other crop you could plant. 

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- 
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk; 
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— 

These qualities have been combined and de- 
veloped by science toa degree that closely bor- 
ders perfection, in the new 


SOBER PARAGON 


Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut 


A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
(5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- 
chard was only 7 years old. 

The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
“The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality 
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated 
varieties that I have examined. It is of large 
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” 

The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 
5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The 
nuts average 1 to 2 inches in diameter—and 3 to 
5 nutsina burr. 

We offer 3 to 5-foot xrafted trees for delivery 
Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being 
booked now. ey 

Testimony from growers, commission mer- 
chants, Forestry Experts, etc ,givenin our free 
booklet, together with prices and particulars. 
We own exclusive con- 
trol of the Sober Para- 
gon. This copyrighted 
metal seal is attached 
to every genuine tree, 
when shipped. 

Write today for the booklet. Address ‘Desk D.” 


GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


BORATED TALCUM 


TOILET POWDER 


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genuine is put up in non-refillable boxes—the ‘‘Box that 
Lox,’’ with Mennen’s face on top. Sold everywhere or by mail, 4 
25c. Sample Free. Guaranteed by the Gerhard Mennen’s Chemical 
Co., under the Food and DrugsAct, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542. 

Try Mennen’s Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder— 

It has the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets) Sample Free 
GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. 
Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap [blue wrapper] A ea) 

‘ Specially prepared for the nursery. Cae are ces 
Mennen’s Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental Odor—Sold only at Stores 


ey 


~~, 


with Colonial (Georgian) details, but 
arranged with modern comforts and 
the completeness of the twentieth century. 


Written & Illustrated by E.S. CHILD, Architect 


They show large, correctly drawn perspec. ,* 
tives, full floor plans, and complete descrip- 
tions, with estimates of cost. The designs are } 
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velopment, and placed ten inches apart. Ni- 
trate of soda carefully mixed with the soil, but 
not too freely, will improve the lettuce. The 
“Big Boston” is a variety that will head out 
doors. ‘The favorite “Boston” can only be 
grown under glass. By sowing and transplant- 
ing at least three fairly good crops of lettuce 
should be grown in the course of the season. 

Next year, after the asparagus has been cut, 
there will be room to raise at least one crop 
of lettuce before the tops of the asparagus are 
so tall as to shade it. Meantime, as it grows 
the asparagus makes this side of the garden 
prettier and prettier all summer, until it is 
brightened by its red berries. 

A foot from the inner edge of the asparagus 
bed may be set a row of thirty sweet pepper 
plants a foot apart, and on the same line, eigh- 


tain four hills of summer squash, an ample 
number, and the remaining fifty feet may be 
set with tomato plants. It is important that 
the cucumbers and squash vines be thus sepa- 
rated, as they are likely to be invaded by the 
same beetle. Forty tomato plants—not safely 
set in this latitude before May 20—should be 
put out in two rows, alternating a space and 
a plant. I recommend people who have no hot- 
bed to plant their tomato seeds in a shallow 
box in a sunny window in March. Thus you 
may be sure to have plants of a good variety. 
Set out only the strongest plants. I have tried 
several kinds, and find none so satisfactory as 
the ‘““Trucker’s Favorite.” They begin to 
ripen before some given in the seed catalogues 
as earlier varieties, and are delicious in flavor 
and very prolific. Tomatoes begin to ripen at 


teen inches apart, a row of egg plants. Both of 
these kinds of plants are of singular beauty and 
interest after they begin to blossom. Next 
may come a row of white or of pink and white 
alyssum, forming the border of a path two 
feet wide. 

The next six and a half feet in width, for 
a distance of forty feet, are devoted to four 
rows of onions; in the remaining twenty feet 
there is room for about twelve hills of cu- 
cumbers, in two rows, from four to eight seeds 
in a hill. 

Between the hills of cucumbers African 
marigolds may be sowed, a dozen seeds or so, 
in a line. “They will be ready to blossom 
about the time the cucumbers are over. 

In the next space, three feet wide, three 
rows of beets may be sowed, rather thickly so 
that about every other plant may be taken out 
while the leaves are still tender, to be used, 
tops and all, for the most delicious “greens” 
the garden will afford. If, in sowing the beet 
seed, you put in two-inch spaces, at intervals 
of about a4 foot and a half, aster seeds (purple 
in the row next the onions and cucumbers, 
white in the next, and pink in the third), you 
will have beautiful rank plants to make the 
spaces where beets have been taken out less 
noticeable. Where the asters are crowded you 
may transplant some into such spaces ‘with 
safety before the middle of July. In Sep- 
tember these rows of aster blossoms will be 
your delight. 

The next section, five feet wide, may well 
be divided so that the first ten feet may con- 


wee eee LIATIIIAS. ccc ccc ccc ence een err ccssereessesesesesessceseseeenseseccee 


Tide tok i nopheer aoe Cone Chrysanthemums) (e-eeseee eset cee ene 2 
8 feet | Yes ee nn re rea 6 Rows Asparagus ..........+ ick oy 
| DSA MEP were A Aa ane ce Lettuce’ Between’ .c....:-02-20. 0s eepeeeene % 
1 foot 
1 foot | ..Sweet Alyssum 
2 feet PATH N 
6% feet ||Four Rows Onions.......... Twenty Feet to Cucumbers, Marigolds Between 
Forty Feet Long Twelve Hills 
3 feet ||\Three Rows Beets.................0e0005 Asters at Intervals of Eighteen Inches 
( Ten Feet Space ) ‘ : : ; z 
> feet: || Four Hills ; TWO ROWS TOMATOES 
| ( Summer Squash ) : : 
tefeerliCarrotss ceseen tact antes: bien a stine cee spn ensietenmneeeaesee- all UGS BOGE bansmnas 
Geraniums 
(« BE a BB Ve Para 
| Se EIDE nase anaas S as 
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et ohe ete ll ire eect ate har ca na eemen chen Cauliflower oc scccs oe eueeeeaieet Gis eee 
PoStfoot lt seeeascecies seen oer Salvias*or Nasturtiums jeacsceeeecesteeeceeee teen a eenee 
A £ { Bae ao Coe eee ener One Row’ Spinach::<..c2-:e-.----95-ete eee eee 
72 RE CUA  tumttet Nee od enter Two Rows Cabbage! iancces-ceeeecae scene eeeeee 
37 7 TEE: | IlASaeas acotecacc cones Two Rows Peas—Brush- Between ............s0000eseeeee 
Di - “Shee bella couit amet an cacenr One Row Beans and Mignonette ......0......0000ee0. 
Diese KE CTH || ees cuscit dsotte ane eee nee One Row Beans—Dater™ ©. -.2.25: cee eee eee 
62 -sfe eb Iiascateekecceaces nevacukees Four Rows Peas—Two Plantinoss.:.-es-cs- cee 
Lens _..... Three Rows in Three Plantings of Sweet Corn ............... 
T $e etl <4 Butane cess mee cote vaarnmeeeetents Winter’ Squashsaiesjccs sect ec. Cee ece enone 


the center and should be picked before the out- 
side is in its deepest color. Never lay them 
in the sun to ripen. “They need the dark. 

Beyond the tomatoes and squash vines our 
plan gives a foot and a half of space for one 
row partly of carrots and partly of turnips or 
parsnips. [he plants make a pretty border 
for the four-foot-wide path through the cen- 
ter of the garden. In the middle of this path 
I suggest a bed about eight feet long, devoted 
to scarlet geraniums or verbenas. Either of 
these will blossom all summer and make a 
bright spot in sight from every path of the 
plot. 

The other border of this wide path may 
well be parsley. 

Next to this, in a space eighteen inches wide, 
a row of cauliflowers may be set. When the 
heads are well started the large leaves should 
be tied over them with rafha or a strip of 
cloth half an inch wide (not string), and thus 
protected they will whiten to perfection. In 
the adajcent foot I suggest a row either of 
salyias or nasturtiums of a dwarf variety. The 
latter have the advantage of blossoming earlier, 
of furnishing in their seeds a toothsome addi- 
tion to any pickles, and in their leaves a spice 
to any salad. 

In the next space of four and a half feet 
there is room for two rows of spinach and one 
of cabbage. “Then may come in a three-foot 
space, two rows of peas. Arrange them so 
that the brush upon which they are supported 
is between the rows. I have not succeeded 
with the varieties of peas left unsupported, and 


August, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


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Details of Building 
Construction 


A collection of 33 plates of scale 
drawings with introductory text 


By CLARENCE A. MARTIN 
Assigtant Professor, College of Architecture, 
Cornell University 


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By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., FAA. 


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BUILDING 


so recommend the use of brush. Every garden 
should have at least three plantings of peas. 
Those in this space should be the latest, may 
be put in six weeks after the first, and should 
be planted an inch or a trifle more deep. The 
earlier ones need only to be covered with the 
soil. I approve of putting the seeds not more 
than half an inch apart in the shallow trench 
made for them. 

In the next two-foot space plant beans, to 
be used early as string beans. At intervals of 
a foot apart in sowing, you may leave spaces 
of six inches in which to sow mignonette 
seed. 

The next two-foot space is for a second 
crop of beans, sown from two to three weeks 
after the first. 

Then come two three-foot spaces planned 
for two plantings of two rows each of peas. 
The very earliest, planted as soon as the 
ground can be worked, I would put in the 
outer of these spaces. “The peas ought to be 
ready early in June. “They can then have 
their places taken by the last planting of sweet 
corn. 

The remaining seven feet of space may well 
be devoted to corn, the earliest (Early Cory) 
being planted near the outer edge of the gar- 
den. As soon as this planting is so large that 
it can no longer be cultivated, between the 
hills, seeds of Hubbard or. Boston Marrow 
squashes may be planted. They will be well 
started while the corn is maturing, and after 
that is picked the stalks should be removed and 
the squashes given all the space in which to 
spread. ‘They can lie till October. 

Along this extreme edge of the garden I 
suggest that dahlia bulbs be set. They will 
be ready to blossom after the first, second and 
third plantings of corn are past. When you 
take up your last pea vines, unless it should 
happen to be very dry, you can sow spinach 
and turnips, with good prospect of having a 
crop by late November. 


HOME-MADE TOOLS FOR THE 
AMATEUR GARDENER 


THE WORK TABLE 
By Ida D. Bennett 


N OUT-OF-DOOR work table is al- 
most a necessity if one is to carry on 
any considerable gardening operations, 

or if one’s gardening is wholy confined to the 
growing of indoor plants and flowers. Plants 
must be potted and repotted, bulbs cleaned 
and prepared for winter, and there must al- 
ways be a place to keep things where they can 
be found when wanted, and what better place 
could be desired than a roomy table under 
a light shed, or even on the shady side of the 
house? The shed affords the advantage of 
being tenable in all sorts of weather, and if it 
has an earthen floor all the better, as there 
will then be no bother with the removal of 
every bit of spilled earth. 

The table may be of the roughest so that it 
is roomy and of a convenient height to work 
at—a discarded kitchen table, a roughly put 
together table of boards or a discarded door 
laid across a couple of carpenter’s horses an- 
swers admirably; but a regular table four or 
five feet long and about two and a half feet 
across with a four-inch board nailed along 
the back and ends is on the whole most satis- 
factory. “The object of the board at back and 
end is to allow of the laying of pots on their 
sides rather than standing in piles where they 
are easily knocked over and broken, and also 
require more room. A roomy drawer under 
the table and a half shelf near the floor adds 
greatly to the convenience of the table, as the 
drawer forms a safe receptacle for packages of 


XXIll 


& 
ae CRAFTSMAN HOUSE 
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PCHINNEY-POT CURIOUSLY 
SUGGESTS THE CHARACTER 
°F ITS UNIQUE INTERIOR 


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78 Exterior Views, iy Interior Views 
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MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 
361 Broadway, New York 


Wall Papers and 
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A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK 


for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- 
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with many half-tone and other illus- 
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EXTRACT FROM PREFACE 


HE author has endeavored to include 

characteristic designs in vogue to- 

day, and to give reliable information 
as to the choice of wall papers as well as 
to describe the practical methods of ap- 
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be regarded as both practical and useful. 


One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 


MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1909 


seed, stakes and twine for supporting plants, 
catalogues and other small articles in constant 
demand by the plant grower, while the half 
shelf provides a place for the pots too large 
for the top of the table, the box of sphagnum 
moss and charcoal and broken shards for 
drainage and the like. On the floor a heap of 
potting soil may be piled and will remain 
moist much longer than if placed in a box. 
The value of having potting material and soil 
always ready can not be underestimated, as 
it insures prompt attention which might not 
be secured if it was necessary to hunt around 
for material with which to work. 

To this convenient place the box of plants 
or bulbs from the florist will be brought for 
unpacking and all the muss and litter indoors 
avoided. If the table is under a shed the 
plants can be removed from the box, stood up 
on the table and allowed to remain over night, 
ae or a day if necessary, as the tops may be freely 
= ere eS sprinkled and the package dipped in water, 


are Bae ee and the plants be the better for their tem- 
Fifty-four Years of Quality 


Guarantee Labels 


placed at once in the open ground. Florists’ 

packages have an aggravating way of arriving 

on a Saturday afternoon when it is often im- 

possible to attend to them, and plants by mail 

Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various into. small pots and-allowed! eo becomenentems 
and are variously translated in practice. lished before trusting them to the open. 

Careful architects have come to understand that A stool or chair of convenient height is very 

it is the spirit behind the guarantee that counts for useful where there is much potting of small 

. : : : how rapidly this work will be done when 

sible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is eseinae 4 conveniently at hand and one 

the leadership of Wolff design. can work freely without regard to the litter 

they may create. 


should never go at once into the open ground 
most after all. The liberal, unquestioning, make- plants to be done, “as ithe patineyen ona 
L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. MAKING A COUNTRY HOME 


or window boxes, but should be potted off 
good policy Behind every Wolff euaaneee respon: lings from flats or hotbeds, and it is surprising 
Established 1855 


(Continued from page viz) 


Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods Exclusively 


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DENVER TRENTON which you see as stages of American history. 
BRANCH OFFICES ll the advantages 

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For nearly sixty-five years the 


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J After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina- The book inakehy not, indeed, supersede more es 
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JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED 


CRAFTSMAN HOMES 


By GUSTAV STICKLEY 


A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, 


Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions 
for gardens, gates and pergolas, 


models for furniture, metal work 
and neediework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about 
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CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, 
porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, 
exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and 
structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior 
woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, 

SIZES: 8'%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- 
tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait 
sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. 


MUNN ¢c& COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York 


The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY 


By A. RUSSELL BOND 
J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


STORY OF OUTDOOR. BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from 
affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, _ Complete practical instructions are 
given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 

such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CoO. «scuntifiéséérican’ 361 Broadway, New York 


served. It adds another unique, attractive room to your home, one 
from which all the family will get great satisfaction and comfort. 
Consult us about its construction. 


Hitchings & Company 


Designing and Sales Offices 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


General Offices and Factory 
ELIZABETH, N. J. 


FUST PUBLISHED 


AMERICAN 
RENAISSANCE 


TA Review of Domestic Architecture 
Dy Doy Wheeler Dow, Architect P 


ILLUSTRATED by NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES 


EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT 
From “‘American Renaissance” 


This book is a carefully prepared history 
of American Domestic Architecture from 
Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- 
orate manner and worthy a place in every 
architectural library, and should be read by 
every one who desires to familiarize him- 
self with Colonial architecture and its effect 
on the architecture of to-day. 


CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; IT., Art 
and Commercialism; III., The Ancient 
Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble 
Beginnings of a National School; V., The 
Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- 
tury Work; VII., The Transitional 
Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- 
ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- 
ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning 
Style; XII., Conclusion. 


HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP 


Price, $4.00 net 
MUNN & CO., PusiisHeErs, NEW YORK 


C ahitd SONIANT~ 


September, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


1909 


HE demand in the past few years for homes on 
Mission Lines has made possible the use of 
many a quaint old lighting instrument of this most 


THE HERITAGE OF \ BRIDGED ITS TWICE - AS - LARGE interesting period of work. 
A. T. STEWART TO WANAMAKER TWIN 


THE GREATER WANAMAKER’S ff] TRcENOS COMPANY citi tures 


: 4 7th Av. and 16th St. 36 West 37th St. 
Offers Its Metropolitan Shopping Advantages to Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, Cnicaro mW Aicseas 
ae 5 ne., ark Street & Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. 
Visitors and Mail Order Buyers Everywhere See Ria neh pee ence ting 

One of the most interesting “sights” of New York to visitors; the most painstaking and helpful Mail Charles St. Calitornia St. 
Order Service for those who can’t come in person. Pittsburg: G. P. Norton, Toronto: 94 King St 

Century Building West 

THE WANAMAKER WOMAN’S STORE THE WANAMAKER GALLERIES Hil Seepetic contains Srsteae Bache Pp 

In constant touch with Paris, London, Berlin, Th : Mfg. Co. ; Plummer Inc. 

; e New 16-story Wanamaker Build- Portland, Ore: J. C. Seattle: Cox & Glea 

and every source of Fashion abroad and at English Co., 128 Park St. 0G sentiate son, 


home. ing (exclusive of the Main floor, which 


To give a proper suggestion of Wanamaker |i, The Man’s Store) is devoted to 
merchandise, to the entire American public we 4 
have in preparation the following MERCHAN- | the most comprehensive assemblages 


DISE REFERENCE FOLIOS—which will be | o¢ tome Furnishings, and the broadest 


mailed as soon as ready. st y i 
Pp - 
OF CHIEF INTEREST TO WOMEN facilities for Home Decoration exist 


1. THE FOLIO OF FASHIONS. (Picturing and de- | ing anywhere. 
scribing the newest fashions ick Suits 
and Coats, for Women and Girls. 
z : ite : ANYTHING needed for the Home canbe bought, 
Oe NEO a ne trarions (aad most satisfactorily, by mail; and we can take up the 


descriptions of Women’s Waists, Negligees, : : Sams 
House Gowns, Muslin Underwear, Silk Petticoats. | entire question of decorating and furnishing your new 


and Corsets.) house, or re-decorating your-o!d house ANY WHERE, 
BoE MILNE Re Ok by mail. Write us about it. 
THE FOLIO OF CHILDREN’S WEAR. 
THE DRESS GOODS AND SILKS LISTS. 
THE HANDKERCHIEF FOLIO. 
THE BOOK OF HOUSEKEEPING LINENS. 
THE FANCY GOODS BOOK. (Illustrating and Catalogue-Folio—*‘FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” 


describing Women’s Neckwear, Gloves, Jewelry, 0G ay 
Belts, Fans, Combs, Toilet Articles, Leather Catalogue-Folio—° MODERN FURNITURE 

Goods, Notions, Dress Trimmings, Laces, Em- Catalogue-Folio—*‘ MODEL METAL BEDSTEADS” 
broideries, Art Embroideries, Umbrellas, Par- 

asols, and many other small wares.) Catalogue—*‘ HYGIENIC BEDDING ”’ 


OF CHIEF INTEREST TO MEN AND BOYS THE PIANO Catalogue. 


THE BOOK OF MEN’S AND BOYS’ WEAR. (IIl- A 
lustrating and describinglatest New York styles (CAGE OEE ©! Online, (Culs (QIESS: AC AVE NY CRCEL 
in Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Furnishings— Catalogue of Lace Curtains and Upholstery. 
excepting Underwear and Socks, for which see 
Underwear and Hosiery Folio.) We willbe glad to sendto you, FREE OF CHARGE, 


OF INTEREST TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN any of the above folios, or catalogues in which you 
= may be interested ; or to send any special information 

1). THE SHOE FOLIO. you may desire. 
ll. THE HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR FOLIO. If you wish to learn more about WANAMAKER’S, 
12. THE BOOK LIST. (Containing News and Prices its methods, facilities and merchandise, write for 
about New and Standard Books.) “The GUIDE BOOK,” which will be sent upon request. 


Address your communication to ‘‘Section B” 


JOHN WANAMAKER, New York 


This interesting Catalogue literature to select from— 
sent upon request: 


Catalogue-Folio—* PALATIAL FURNITURE” 


DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, Tile 
Reds and beautiful Silver Grays. 


PETRIFAX 


Damp-Resisting 
INTERIOR and EXTERIOR COATING 
FOR BRICK, CONCRETE or CEMENT 


“If the coat fits, put it on’ 


DEXTER BROTHERS COMPANY 
103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 128 W. Washington St., Chi- 
cago; W.S. Hueston, 6 E. 30th St., New York; Jobn D.S. Potts, 
218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, 
Grand Rapids. Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, 
Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M- D. Francis, Atlanta, 
Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N.S. 


PALA RASS A DIOR REA ADEE ODS Re Ba me DG 


A House Lined with 
Circular 


Mineral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. 

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 


MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and 


keeps out dampness. 


Antiques 


Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 


request. List your wants 
of antiques with me. 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


Wall Papers and Wall 


Coverings A Practical Handbook 


For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Builders 
and House Owners, with many halftone and 
other illustrations showing latest designs 
By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS 
Includes characteristic designs in vogue to-day. Gives 
reliable information as to the choice of Wall Papers 
and describes the practical methods of applying them 


One Large 8vo Volume. Cloth. Price $2 
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 
RT Sy Be eS 


CORRESPONDENCE = SOLICITED 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY 


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il 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR EE RR 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11%13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 
in America. The illustrations are in 
nearly all cases made from original 
photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed 
on double coated paper. Attractively 
bound. The book will prove one of 
the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 
desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


—* sagasteesneesen pense | easti 


a 


Munn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 

T. BYARD COLLINS WN || Zr) taken place in American agricultural methods which are 

Wh Ie transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 

GremeGlotien 376) Paces Sal | <2 tl independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 

: Al to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 

in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 
ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. : 


CHAPTERIV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII__ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., Publishers ot 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ili 


p Automobile Owners 
Ee | and Drivers 


ATTENTION! 


Stop that constant vibration by having the 
fly-wheel of your engine given a perfect 
running balance. This machine is used 
by the principal builders. 


Patent Motor Fly-Wheel Balancer 
ee MANUFACTURED BY 

N the designing and manufacture of Period and iy; THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 

Art cases to harmonize with any plan of | oh is aaa 

architecture or decoration, Steinway & Sons ae | 
are the recognized leaders, as in all other de- 
partments of piano making—a distinction they te 
have enjoyed for three generations. Every v 


Parlor Grand 
Piano in the 


ART PIANO) i. witicith 


gilt ornaments. 


Spe ae EI 


From Our_No. 3 Book 


GOING TO BUILD? 


SAVE MONEY ON PLANS 


We are selling plans that are practical and 
at a price consistent with high-class work. 


GET OUR BOOKS 


No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000... $ .50 
No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000_.___. 1.00 
Non 3)25 Concrete) Residences! ..7.).%5........ 1.00 


Photographic cuts of 2-Flats, Churches, Schools, 
Business Blocks, etc., ten for $1.00. Order now! 


Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects 
SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 


We Enter Large Competitions 


is a true representation of its respect- 
ive period—a veritable gem of 
beauty and perfection. A visit to 
the Steinway Studios will reveal 
that, in these masterpieces of piano- 
craft, music and decorative art are 
so deftly blended that they at once 
command the admiration and praise 
of architect, artist and connoisseur. 


STEINWAY & SONS 


Steinway Hall 
107-109 East 14th Street, New York 


(Subway Express Station at the Door) 


THE NEW TILE 


installed in the Bathroom, Hall or Vestibule of residences and 
public buildings, means the minimum of cost combined with 


the maximum of beauty and durability. 
"THE most modern, and best illuminating and 
IDEAL FOR WALLS, CEILING, WAINSCOTS cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


Enametile is flexible metal, embossed and highly enameled, to is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 
perfectly reproduce the effect and coloring of the most artistic Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
tiling at one-third to one-half the cost. It will not crack, to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 
break or loosen. _ Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
eats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
EASILY AND QUICKLY INSTALLED ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 


Send tor HANDSOME ART PORTFOLIO, showing many of the manner —also makes brilliant illumination. _ IF 
beautiful designs a Enametile, in original colors, and full informa- MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
tion. Investigace Enametile, it will pay you. Plans and estimates 

supplied you direct, or your contractor or architect. TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


NEW YORK METAL CEILING CO. 


Manufacturers of Metal cales for Bounces and Public Buildings. | Low Price Better than City Gas or Blec- 
LE IASI Liberal Terms ici d at Less Cost. 
544 W. 24th Street, New York City at Beas pe 
Se k_———— | C. M. KEMP MEG. CO. 
— ‘= 2 ae = : 405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ) September, 1909 


MOTTS PLUMBING 


m@XPERIENCED hotel owners, who provide from 200 to 1000 
bathrooms under one roof, know that the qualities of dura- 
bility, cleanliness and beauty are imperative. On a strictly 
business basis of value the following modern hotels have been 
equipped with Mott’s Fixtures. Read the list (a partial one) and con- 
sider its significance to every home or building owner in this country: 


In New York City, The In Boston, The Touraine. In Salt Lake City, The 


Plaza, St. Regis, Waldorf- In Philadelphia, The Belle- Utah. 

Astoria, Astor, Holland vue-Stratford. In New Orleans, The 
House, Knickerbocker, Jn Chicago, The La Salle. Monteleone and The 
Imperial, Manhattan and Jy Minneapolis, The Rad- Grunewald. 

Savoy. Also the new isson, The Dyckman. In Quebec, The Chateau 
Apthorp and Belnord Jn San Antonio, The St. Frontenac. 
Apartments. Anthony. In Rome(Italy), The Regina. 

“Modern Plumbing” 


A booklet showing 24 model 
bathroom equipments costing 
from $85 to $3000. Full 
descriptions with price of 
each fixture and helpful hints 
on tiling and decoration. 
Will be sent on receipt of 
4 cents to cover postage. 


THEI. UO MOnE 
IRON WORKS 


Fifth Ave. and 17th Street 
NEW YORK CITY 


BRANCHES: 


Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pitts- 
burgh, Detroit, Minneapolis, Wash- 
ington, St. Louis, New Orleans, San 
Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, 
Seattle and Indianapolis. 
CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal. 


1828 —OVER EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY —1909 


HANGERS 


The Standard of 


Excellence 


TROLLEY 
SLIDING DOOR HANGER 


SEND FOR COMPLETE CATALOG 


Di LANE BROTHERS CO. 


TIMBER “BALL-BEARING” 


HANGER SLIDING DOOR HANGER 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 


THE HOME TOWN 
By Aldis Dunbar 


HOSE who go “a-moving” are either 
house-hunters or home-seekers. One 
goes on quest for the body, the other 

for the soul of an ideal dwelling-place. Selec- 
tions once. made, house-hunters become tem- 
porary occupants, more or less critical; home- 
seekers, if the real resemble even faintly their 
ideal, true lovers. To many of these the up- 
to-date suburb, with asphalt roadways, trol- 
ley and electric-light wires, thinly veneered 
cement pavements and rows of half-hearted 
saplings, arisen ready-made from an outskirt 
of the city, are far less attractive than some 
modest village whose great elms and maples, 
sidewalks of wood or tanbark, hold a personal 
charm, where each house was built for some- 
body, not hurried into being, one of a whole- 
sale batch. 

No cluster of homes, whether near the 
stir of a great city or among remoter valleys, 
can avoid changes. It is the law. The most 
conservative hamlet must either progress or 
go tottering backward. It is for those who, 
loving their home town, would see it retain 
its homely, wholesome character, to say 
whether it shall thrive quietly or wither up 
and decay. Given men and women born and 
brought up with real affection for it, no home 
town need suffer when compared with its 
rival, the modern suburb. 

Families die out or move away. Then you, 
who remain, must decide who shall replace 
them. Restless house-hunters, here and gone, 
leaving only a trail of fads. Home-seekers, 
whose children will grow up with yours, to 
become responsible citizens. Which class 
would you attract? Manifestly the latter. 
But how? Frankly, few home-seekers will 
settle by choice in a town out at heels and 
elbows—a reputation far too easily acquired. 

Here is a modest little woman, cultivated, 
mother of children, wife of a business man. 
On his account the quiet nest she seeks must 
not be too far from the city, yet she longs 
for one within reach of real country, fields 
and forests, for her boys and girls. So, con- 
sulting maps, time-tables and advertisements, 
she fares forth cheerily. 

The spring afternoon is sunny. ‘To eyes 
wearied by the glare on cement and asphalt 
at Chippendale-on-the-River and Queen Anne 
Heights, visited earlier, the maple shadows 
on our quiet main street fall pleasantly. 
Green lawns and shady yards bring thought 
for “the children” as she passes them, guided 
by a clerk from the local real-estate office. 
Attractive, as she approaches, is an’ old square 
brick mansion, over which wistaria and Vir- 
ginia creeper straggle, long ends hanging loose 
where winds have torn them free. They 
half conceal the faded “To Let” and “For 
Sale” signs, and wickedly suggest an untidy 
old person who has “‘slept in her hair.” 

A latticed arbor in the side yard conjures 
up dolls’ tea parties; but bricks are missing 
from the walk leading to the paneled front 
door with quaint fanlight. A queer down- 
chimney smell pervades the damp hall. The 
massive woodwork is worthy attention, and in 
the dining-room are fascinating cupboards 
with diamond-paned doors, perilously loose 
on their hinges, as are those of the bedrooms 
upstairs, one of which must be lifted open. 

“Plenty of closets!” Yes, but she notes 
with creepy distaste the splotches of dirty 
gray paint on the uneven boards. Rugs lie 
on the neatly stained floors of her city flat, 
and—moving costs without buying carpets. 

Going out she catches sight of the missing 
front gate under lilac bushes whose sprouts 
have grown up through its rusty ironwork. 

Facing a charming lane is a low brown frame 
cottage. Barberry hedges enclose it, and dormer 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


windows peep so enticingly that she tries not 
to see how the front porch sags under the feet 
of the young man, whose key refuses to fit 
the lock. ‘Around back’ her escort props 
broken steps against a doorsill, and holds 
aside rampant rose vines that she may enter. 
Her heart, resolutely hopeful, chills at the 
comfortless aspect of the bare rooms. Scraps 
of frayed linoleum cling to the floor of the 
passage; soot has fallen from the stovepipe 


FOR STANCH HOSE— 
See the RED Trade-mark! 


Every section of Electric Garden Hose (made in Wil- 
mington, Delaware) is stamped with a red trade-mark. Be 
sure to look for it. 


Twist Electric Hose. 
tie it into a knot. 


Pull it around sharp corners. 


Even 


hole in the kitchen, where worn stove brushes, You simply can’t make it kink. In any 
rags, black and stiff, lie beside a broken plate, 
thick with murky paste, in the open pot closet. 
In the dining-room only sunrays from shutter 


chinks reveal shreds of excelsior and paper 


position or any shape you get full pressure at the nozzle. 


ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


(made in Wilmington, Delaware) 
on the floor. In the front rooms, however, aes twice Es jong ae ordinary Loe: It is pun a gers of BoNen hee 
iL: = in one piece) of high test cotton alternating with layers of fine grade rubber 
while low er shutters are closed, upper ones / vulcanized into a solid seamless piece. (Comaon hose is wrapped with canvas 
hang wide open. The glare shows every nail- = —like a rag around a sore finger. It has no body. It won’t wear.) 
hole in the walls, every blemish and scratch | | oS Electric will stand a higher water pressure than any cther hose. 
pl 400 pounds won’t burst it. Any length up to 500 feet. 


i , : bleak | § Ne I 
marring woodwork and paper. It seems Aithough Electric is the finest hose ever made it only costs a 


and cheerless as any deserted photograph gal- 
lery, spite of the roomy bay windows, “built- 
in” bookshelves, and broad, hospitable stair- 
way. 

Feeling the fatigue born of disappointment, 
she follows her guide up the street again, see- 
ing now hints of local neglect; a loose board 
on the street crossing; rusty tin cans in the 
long grass beyond the broken fence of an 
empty lot; letters missing from the sign above 
the post office; a lamp post, storm bent, lean- 
ing against a tree; a deep washout, bridged 
by a plank, in the sidewalk. 

Though paint be peeling from the door of 
House Number Three, our home-seeker would 
gladly find it her goal. Alas, though un- 
swept, it is well garnished. No closet, win- 
dowsill or mantelpiece lacks bottles—patent 
medicine bottles, empty or leaking repellant 
liquids over the white-painted shelves. A 


cent or two more than common. 


Get your seedsman or 


hardware dealer to show you the hose and the trade-mark. 


Electric Hose & Rubber Company 


Wilmington, Delaware 


DON'T BE KNOCKED OVER 


By Stenches from Backyard Debris 


Why not look up the Stephenson Method, seven years 
on the market, and if satisfied protect the health of 
your family by installing The Stephenson 


Underground Garbage Receiver 


which removes all objections of the old swill-tub? 


The Stephenson Underground Refuse Receiver for Ashes. 
The Stephenson Underground Earth Closets for Camps. 
The Stephenson Portable Metal House for Above. 

The Stephenson Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two. 


hasty glimpse of that forgotten crypt, the cel- 
lar, caught as a match flickers up, is not allur- 
ing. Ash barrels, more bottles (broken), 
dusty boards, thick with cobwebs—here the 
match goes out, and in darkness she feels her 
way up the steep, unrailed stair. Seeing the 
two last houses, with half their shutters gone, 
train time becomes her excuse for not looking 
further. Hurrying toward the station, numb, 
chilled and homesick for well-warmed, famil- 
iar rooms, is it matter for wonder that the 
fresh plaster and spandy-new environs of Chip- 
pendale-on-the-River, where lath-ends and 
shavings are the only rubbish, seem admirable. 
The home town has lost her. 

Through trifles? No. The most desirable 
tenant or purchaser will turn doubtfully from 
property obviously uncared for, though half 
a day’s work would remedy the causes. Who 
buys ill-fitting clothes, dusty, wrinkled and 
shop-worn, though of good material, when 
fresh garments cost no more? Would you? 

This can be set right. Where in a town 
young and old have strong personal interest 
in local conditions and improvements, such 
things right themselves; but such tides are 
slow in rising. ‘ 

Conversion into law of the understanding 


SOLD DIRECT 


Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer 
21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass. 


WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF 


RUSTIC WORK 


that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic 
finish to the country place. 
Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for 


Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, 
Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. 


Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City 


This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 


We Put 
Every Cent 
of the Dealers 


Want To Tell You How 


Aas You can save not only the dealer’s profits but his excessive charges 

we (A for installation and repairs by dealing direct with the manufacturers. 
3 : You can keep in your own pocket at least one-third the retail price of 
a heating plant. Let us tell you all about the Profits into Your 


Jahant °5.,, Furnace Pocket 


|) Only $10 down and $10 per month, with freight prepaid east of the Mississippi River. 
‘| This wonderful furnace has proven its superiority above all others during the last 3O years. It is without doubt the very 
best heating system for your home. It S@Vve@S from }§ to 44 in fuel bills, because the patented ‘‘down-draft’” burns hard 
“| or soft coal—wood or lignite—without cinders or clinkers, giving full heating value of every particle of fuel. Needs less atten- 
tion than any furnace you ever saw. A strong “Guaranty Bond’’ goes with every Jahant, which allows you 2 360 days 
(s, free use of the furnace. You run norisk, as we supply special plans, full directions and give free all meces= 


that a house and its grounds shall be left clean, sary tools, so that any man who can drive a nail can successfully install a Jahant. 
2 ° No matter what make or system of heating you are considering, let us tell you more about the many conveniences 
and all rubbish removed by vacating tenants, and good points of our furnace; it’s economy, it’s healthfulness and how you can save money. 


Write today for our book. 
The Jahant Heating Co., 50 Howard St., Akron, Ohio. 


would do much. 

It would pay property owners to co-operate 
with real-estate agents in employing as “work- 
ing inspector,” a practical, energetic girl or 
woman, who could put herself, mentally, in 
the place of a prospective tenant, and see what 
needs attention—one able to drive a nail, put 
in a screw or use a paint-brush. Given a small 
sum to expend at discretion for scrub-woman, 
repairs, or the aid of a stout boy, vines would 
be fastened up or trimmed, gates hung, paint 
cleaned from floors, bricks replaced in walks, 
and airing freshen interiors. Bottles could 
be carted away and sold by the boy, who 
could sweep and pile neatly all lumber. Miss- 


No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS 


Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost 


from $600 to $1,500. 
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES 


Upward of twenty-five designs, costing 


from $1,000 to $3,000. 
No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS 


Twenty designs, at costs ranging from 


$2,800 to $7,000. 
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES 


Twenty selected designs, costing from 
about $3,000 upward. 


By far the most complete collection of plans 
ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page 
plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. 


MUNN & CO.,PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


i AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


Country Homes 


may enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


Economy Gas Machine 


i 
UA 
i) 

Produces light, kitchen and 
Lighted the same as electric, but 
Write for booklet, ‘‘ The 


laundry fuel. 
without batteries. 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 


IZAR 


Sheep Manure 


Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bai 
odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 


LARGE BARREL, ' 
$4.00 Diiverea to your Pruight Biation 


Apply now, 
The Pulverized Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago, 


_ STABLE 
MANURE 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


FABRIANO’' Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
Superior to any other hand-made paper 
F. Weber & Co,’s Iljustration Boards, Air Brushes 
and Materials 


The Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak 
is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and | 
by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. | 


mharnarhs i G CLINCH right through the 
“Morgan” | standing seam of metal 
Se ease roofs. No rails are needed 
Se aoe: unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 


Berger Bros. Co. 


\ PHILADELPHIA ‘( 


Cross section 
showing con-.- 
struction of 

1% inch door. 


ia é (hd " ae, ce id ~ BaR Coe AY 
are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- 
proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible.  Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— 
birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 

Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 
Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. 
| In our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,’” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in 

all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best 
A and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. 
i Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s index, pages 678 and 679. 


| Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
heric temperatures, and are designed 
or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 


CEMENT 


lis Chemistry, Manufacture C6 Use 


Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an 
article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution 
of Portland cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses 
the testing of cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an 
article by Prof. William K. Hatt giving an his- 
torical sketch of slag cement, 


Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 
give good accounts of cement testing and com- 
position, by the well-known authority, Spencer 
B. Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 
present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on 
the constitution of Portland cement from a 
physico-chemical standpoint. 


Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some 
fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland 
cement. 


Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 
publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the 
Edison Portland cement works, describing the 
machinery used. 

Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an 
essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with | 
materials which retard the activity of Portland 
cement. ' 

Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an 
excellent review by brysson Cunningham of 
mortars and cements. 

Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a 
resumé of the cement industry and gives some 
valuable formulae. 

Scientific American Supplement 1575. discusses 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L, L. 
Stone is the author. 

Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 
contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on 
cement material and industry ot the U. 58. 


Any one of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and 
constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from 


MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York 


tures. Send for new catalogues. 
THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEW YORK ranches CHICAGO 


JUST PUBLISHED 


THIRD EDITION OF 


KIDDER’S 
Churches » Chapels 


By F. E. KIDDER, Architect 


This edition has been thoroughly revised by 
the author, and enlarged, many new designs 
being added, including several new designs for 
Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in 
the text and more than 50 full-page plates. 
The book contains a large number of plans and 
perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be- 
sides this there is much concise and practical in- 
formation relating to planning and seating ; 
details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, 
Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form 


The Best American Book on 
Church Design and Construction 


One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 


funn & Co., 361 Broadway, New Bork City 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii 


ing shutters would be washed and hung, 
hinges being replaced here, as elsewhere. 
Broken porch and steps once attended to by 
the owner, the brown cottage would show 
most improvement for time expended. Should 
our home-seeker again visit it, she would 
find clean-swept floors, no traces of rubbish 
on shelves or in any remote cupboard, and the 
lighting of the rooms, an amazing factor in 


their appearance, would have been altered by >. Everett eile is the 
simply closing upper shutters and opening the 

lower ones, tempering the glare and a tiae Heart of Harmony 
all a friendly look, tempting her into plans 
for placing her furniture and allotting rooms. 

A girl with tact and enterprise would con- 
trive the nailing down of that loose board on 
the street crossing, coax the postmaster to 
mend his sign, and persuade the vacant lot’s 
owner to give its use to a tennis club, on con- 
dition that it be put and kept in order. She 
would certainly propose advertising the home 
town real estate in the religious weeklies and 
charming new suburban magazines, rather 
than in city newspapers. She might even or- 
ganize a crusade of neatness to shame resi- 
dents unwilling to join the forward move- 
ment, knowing that if surrounded on all sides 
by trim-kept premises, they must find their 
uncared-for abodes far too prominent. 

Good leaven set to work, the home town 
will realize that neglect cheapens all property 
—that anything worth having is worth caring 
for. Co-operation in small ways can be ar- 
ranged. Boards lying around, a nuisance to 
one man, may be what his neighbor needs for 
urgent repairs. Vines and seedlings thinned 
from one garden will almost stock another. 
An exchange of work for materials, through 
come central committee, would eliminate per- 
sonal obligation, and would not be entirely 
unfeasible were common sense used. 

Rank heresy, to suggest that for the cost 
of erecting one flimsy flat, a whole village 
could be “tidied up” and made attractive; yet 
it is true. Consider the fact at leisure. 

One last morsel of warning. In planning 
reforms make wise choice of tools. A ‘“‘new 
broom” will at once begin to “sweep clean,” 
but a “new towel” may take much _ hard = SORE eee 
rubbing before “wiping dry.” On such trifles ee. 1, 
will depend the ultimate victory of the home —> YHEJOUN CHURCH COMPANY 


aoe. CINCINNATI CHICAGO NEW YORK 
_ Owners of the Everett Piano Co..Boston Mass. 


ese Artists use and 
ungualifiedly endorse 


_ Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 
al apers an is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. 


Wall Coverings For nearly sixty-five years the 


— Scientific American 
A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress 


for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi- made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. 


tects, Builders and House Owners, ; Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 

with many half-tone and other illus- in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to 

trations showing the latest designs the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains 
authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. 


By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Subscription price, $3.00 per year. 


The Season’s Best Club Combinations 


EXTRACT FROM PREFACE Scientific A ; K i 
p cientific American or American Sc i i 

HE author has endeavored to include Homes and Gardens $3.00 cutee aad Gardenc ines 

characteristic designs in vogue to- Review of Reviews J McClure’s Magazine 5 

day, and to give reliable information Ronin OF Gh Soe $5.35 
as to the choice of wall papers as well as vase 
to describe the practical methods of ap- Scientific American or American 
plying them. In dealing with matters Homes and Gardens. $3. Scientific American or American 
concerning decoration there is always the Review of Reviews .. ; Homes and Gardens $3. 
danger of leaning too much toward an World’s Work i World's Work : t $5 10 
ideal and of overlooking the practical re- Delineator : 
quirements of commercial life. The au- : 
thor hopes that he has been successful in 
avoiding this fault, and that his book will Scientific American or American 
be regarded as both practical and useful. Homes and Gardens 


Scientific American or American 

Homes and Gardens : | 
IcClure’s Magazine 3 

Woman’s Home Companion... $4.60 


One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2 : vs $5.75 | 


After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina 
tions including Woman’s Home Companion. 


MUNN ® CO., 361 Broadway, New York City 


MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


eco 


Vill 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


ey 


SS « 
Your factory, —-. 


Your Office. Your Hom 
are in danger 


a Al 
g a bY 


’ 


a 


You never can tell what hour of the 
day or night a fire will break out in your 
factory, your office or your home. 


You know that your insurance would not repay your real fire 
loss. If you havea fire in your factory—think of the thou- 
sands of dollars you lose in orders you cannot fill—think of the 

disorganization of your working force, and think of the extra ex- 
pense of carrying on your business under difficulties! Think of 
the work your competitors are doing while you cannot work at all. 


If your home is burned—think of the loss of furniture, personal prop- 
erty and treasures which money can never replace, Think of the danger to 
yourself and to your family. Look more to the protection of your property 


than the reduction of your insurance rates. Last year’s fire loss was $382,000, 000. 
One way to reduce it is better individual protection. Four-fifths of all fires in 
valuable time to get there. 
9 It will give you . : 
= a ON) your own fire protection—your own 
equipment capable of immediate action—more 
effective than thousands of pails of water. 
built to: meet the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and bears the 
wnspection label of the Underwriters’ Laboratories. It not only comes up to the Under- 
your Insurance Broker and he will verify just what we say. 
This is of vital importance and demands your careful consideration when buying fire extinguishers 


cities are put out by the chemical apparatus of fire departments—but it takes them 
z efficient fire department—a fire 
Ch ] Engi 
emica ngin The Badger 40-Gallon Chemical Engine is 
writers’ standard of efficiency, but is the best built engine of its size on the market. Ask 
on which depend the saving of your property—the saving of life. 


SEN The Badger Chemical Engine gives you a most effective private fire department. It has a narrow 
oN 4 treadand will go through any three foot opening. It throws a_stream 75 to 85 feet sufficient to extin- 
Nos It is more effective in extinguishing a blaze than 


\ guish all incipient and many well started fires. ‘ 
cN thousands of gallons of water. In fact, it puts out oil and gasoline fires which water would spread, 

and extinguishes fires which water could not reach—due to the chemical action of the engine in 

generating a gas which acts asa blanket on the fire. Does not flood premises with water and 
cause additional loss. Stream can be instantly stopped by shutting off 
the nozzle. Operated easily by one man. equires no experience. 
Costs practically nothing to maintain. All chemicals necessary are 
soldat any drug store. 


FREE 
Trial Offer 


This is our offer. We will 
ship you an engine, with two STOP THE FIRE 
chemical charges, freight pre- 
paid, and allow you 30 days’ free WH EN IT 
trial. If it does not meet your require- 
ments, you can return it to us at our STARTS 
expense. This enables you to build test fires 


as large as you like and satisfy yourself abso- 
lutely of its efficiency before you pay for it. Cut 
off the attached coupon and mail to us, and we 
will send you descriptive catalog J, price lists 
and all information on this free trial offer. 


We Make All Kinds 


i Badger Fire Extinguisher Co. 
f 32. J Portland St., Boston, Mass. 


Please send me booklet J and all details of your free 
trial offer. 


Name This Shows our 
= 3-Gallon 
Extinguisher 
Address 


BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO. 32-J Portland St., Boston, Mass. 


516 Pages, 107 Engravings Price, Four Dollars 


NOW READY 


Industrial Alcohol 


ITS MANUFACTURE AND USES 


A Practical Treatise based on Dr. Max Maercker’s “‘Introduction to 
Distillation’’ as revised by Drs. Delbriick and Lange 


COMPRISING 


Raw Materials, Malting, Mashing and Yeast Preparation, Fermentation, Distil- 
lation, Rectification and Purification of Alcohol, Alcoholometry, The Value 
and Significance of a Tax-Free Alcohol, Methods of Denaturing, Its 
Utilization for Light, Heat and Power Production, A Statis- 
tical Review, and the United States Law 


By JOHN K. BRACHVOGEL, M.E. 


HE value and significance of a tax-free alcohol have been so widely dis- 

cussed in the press and periodical literature of the entire country, that it 

is unnecessary to emphasize the great importance of the subject, especially 

to our agricuitural and industrial interests. For years we have been far behind 

the nations of Europe in this regard, and in consequence our literature has been sadly lacking in authorita- 

tive works covering this phase of industrial activity. This book was designed with the especial purpose of 

Sling this want, and it is the latest and most comprehensive work of its kind which has been published in 
this country. 


Few in number are those to whom this book would not prove of interest and value. The farmer, the 
manufacturer, the power -producer, the householder, will all find that denatured alcohol is of such impor- 
tance to them, that its use and introduction will effect savings and economies which were hitherto impossi- 
ble of accomplishment. 


Amentokn f 
Ses . | 


FOR 


SALE 7 oes So; Sane: Op © BOOKSTORES 


OVETT’S 
> PEONIES 


Roots Guaranteed to 
have 2 to 6 eyes 


Cost practically no more than single-eye slips, will bloom at 
least a year earlier. ““Itis what you get that counts’’—plant 


Lovett’s Peonies now, and you will have a pleasing show of 
flowers next May and June. 


WRITE TO-DAY 


Free Peony Leaflet in colors, containing full descrip- 
tions of best varieties and attractive special offers. 


J. T. LOVETT, Box 127, Little Silver, N. J. 


$4 Take off yourHat tn. 2 AN 


Sivas Writefor EYER S 
and Prices to 4 bs, 
F.E.Myers&Bro. SB Bb 

WT 


Ashland, Ohlo 
BARN DOOB 


HAY "ay2008 
TOOLS @{ 2% 


ANTIQUES 


Ihave a very large stock of Old China, Old Mahogany 
Furniture, Brasses, Coppers, Pewter, Antique Jewelry, 
etc. My twenty-page catalogue quotes descriptions 
and prices. Sent to any one interested in Antiques. 


ADA M. ROBERTS 
Box 63, WASHINGTON NEW HAMPSHIRE 


144 Sunlight Sash—lettuce and violets 


Stronger earlier plants 


Results so remarkable compared with single glass sash 
that gardeners double their orders. The present company 
is 18 times larger than when it started 2 years ago, solely 
because the sash makes good. 

Light penetrates the glass raising temperature of bed on cold- 
est days to a good growing warmth. _ Practically none of the 
warmth escapes at night because the dry air between the two 
layers of glass is the best non-conductor there is; better than 
mats and boards and costs less. Never has to be covered. 

Plants zeed light, the more of it, the better. Sunlight Sash 
lets in the light a//t¢he time. © Almost every kind of vegetable 
or flower has been grown under Sunlight in all sorts of weather 
andtemperature. Vow get better results, stronger earlier plants. 

Professional gardeners, State Agricultural Stations, Colleges 
of Agriculture; everywhere use and recommend it. 

The principle on which it is built 

Heat rays follow light rays. ‘Two layers of glass instead of 
one; between layers a five-eighths ‘inch cushion of air. to) 
putty; panes are lapped and by an ingenious device held close 
to wood, can’t possibly work loose. 


Write for catalogue and freight prepaid proposition. 
Order early to insure prompt shipment. Fast freight, safe 


delivery guaranteed. Write to-day. Prepare for cold frames. 


and Cold-frames 
SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., 


[INCORPORATED ] 
943 East Broadway, 


LoutsviLtz, Ky. 


will be recom- 
mended and sup- 
plied by our well 
equipped Book 
Department. 


MUNN & CO. 
361 Broadway 
NEW YORK 


RELATING TO 


Architecture 
Decoration 


Furniture Rugs 
Ceramics, ete. 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


einem earaentvin Your l!own 


; Cer Bet) 
¢ ti 


ers) Oza 
N D 
g 
PIR aw 
y Deh 
Lae b> ° 
os "4 
IA 


in prizes for the five best-planted, developed and successful 
i suburban or village gardens. Write to the Garden Competition 
Editor and tell him how you planted your garden and what success you 
had with it; tell him of the plants with which you have had the best results, 
and also those which have been failures. Send him a good photograph 
and a plan of the garden. We want you to help us so that we may help 
others to beautify their surroundings. You need not be a skilled writer to tell 
a story of your garden success. Tell it in your own way. 


$200 for Prizes 


For the best garden received we will pay: 


For the First, - - - $100.00 
For the Second, - - 50.00 
For the Third, are 25.00 
For the Fourth, - - 15.00 
Homene ithe =) = 10.00 
Conditions 


Competitors for the prizes must comply with the following conditions: 

A general description of the garden, giving the size of the plot and the kind of plants 

used in planting. 

Drawings of the plot are to be made, preferably on a scale of eight feet to the inch, 

showing the positions of the various plants and shrubs. 

Photographs of the garden are to be sent printed on solio paper and should not be less 

than 5x7 inches in size. If possible to do so, please also send a photograph showing 

the garden before planting. 

Descriptions, photographs and drawings are to be marked with a pseudonym, which is to 

be enclosed in a sealed envelope containing the name and address of the competitor. As 

soon as the judges have decided upon the five best gardens they will notify the Editor, 

who will open the envelope bearing the proper pseudonym and containing the competitor’ s 

true name. The competitor will be notified by the Editor that he has won the prize. 

5 The Garden Competition Editor reserves the right to publish in American Homes and 
Gardens all gardens which in the opinion of the judges are worthy of honorable mention. 
The names of those whose gardens are reproduced will be published with the photograph. 

6 Contributions are to be submitted to the Garden Competition Editor, American 
Homes and Gardens, 361 Broadway, New York. 

7 The Garden Competition closes September 15, 1909. Contestants need not be sub- 
scribers to American Homes and Gardens, and no charge or consideration of any kind 
is required. Vo photographs, manuscripts or plans will be returned. 


- WN 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


BLINDS 


Venetian and 
Sliding 


BURLINGIO 


SCREENS 


AND 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


Q Equal 500 miles 


northward. Perfect 

outdoor veranda. . ° 
Any wood; any privacy with doors 
finish to match trim. § and windows open. 


Darkness and breezes 


in sleeping rooms. 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


How Much 
Happiness 


will you give to sufferers in 
dark hot tenements, by 
sending them to 


Sea Breeze 


our Fresh Air Home, and the 
hospital for tuberculous 
children, where Smil- 
ing Joe was cured? 


$10 sends 4 


for a whole week of sweet cool 
air, good food, games and 
invigorating ocean bathing. 


** T£ you lived in our dark basement you would 


“It’s more fun to bea ‘little father” at Sea 
know why we want to go to Sea Breeze. ¥ 


Breeze than to run with the gang on Ave. A. 


HOW MANY MAY WE SEND AS YOUR GUESTS ? 


$2.50 will give a whole week of new life and cheer to a worn out mother, an aged toiler, 
an underfed working girl, or a convalescing patient. 
5.00 gives a teething baby and its “‘ little mother”’ of ten a cool healthful week. 
10.00 gives four run-down school children a fresh start for next year, 


25.00 names a bed for the season. $50.00 names a room. , 
100.00 gives a happy excursion to 400 mothers and ehildren—for many their only outing. 
Can you not have a lawn party or an entertainment for Sea Breeze ? 

Please send your gift to R. S. MINTURN, Treasurer, Room 24, No. 105 E. 22nd St., New York 


N. Y. ASSOCIATION for IMPROVING the CONDITION of the POOR 
R. FULTON CUTTING, President 


“Tt’s easy to get well at Sea Breeze. It 
kept me from losing a whole year at school.” 


“My little girl had measles and then pneu- 
mona. ‘The doctor says two weeks at Sea 
Breeze might have saved her. 


To how many other such children 
will you help us give a fighting chance 
before it 1s too late? $5.00 will do 


it for one. 


September, 1909 


“Willowcraft” 


is the only durable 
line of WILLOW 
FURNITURE made 
in the United States. 

We are the manufac- 
turers, and will send 
this sample chair for 
$7, fgt. prepaid, any- 
where east of the 

Mississippi River, 

Write for our cata- 

logue of 150 other 

patterns. 


The Willowcraft Shops 


Box A NORTH CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


Van Dorn 
Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE 
& STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


| SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters 


BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES 


IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- 


ING LOCK. A Safeguard for 
Ventilating Rooms. Pure Air, 
Good Health and Rest Assured. | 


2 To introduce this article, Four jf 
f in Ventilating Locks in Genuine |f 
Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- f 
per Finish will be mailed to 
il any address prepaid for One 
vy 


MACOS Ne 


3 


ol 


[om 


Dollar. Will include a forty} 
=! page Hardware Catalogue and 


sexs; Working Model to carpenters} 
| who wish the agency to can-| 


PATENTED 


=] 
[ 
| vass for its sale. Address 


NEW HAVEN, 


| The H. B, Ives Go, Se "avew: 


| OR, STEPPING: STONERRO 


ARCHITECTURE 


By THOMAS MITCHELYT 


SIMPLE. TEXT-BOOK telling in a 
A series of plain and simple answers to 

questions all about the various orders as 
well as the general principles of construction. 
The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy 
cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav- 
ings, amongst which are illustrations of various 
historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size, 
and is attractively bound in cloth. 


PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID 
Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, New York 


The Scientific American Boy 
By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid 
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 


Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af. 
fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. 


Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari- 
ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CO., Publishers, 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


September, 1909 ANE RICAN “HOMES "AND GARDENS xi 


American Homes and Gardens 


for October 


“Willow Brook House” 


The ‘Notable Home”’ of the number is the fine estate of 
Francis E. Bond, Esq., at Penllyn, near Philadelphia. 
It is a house of deep interest, designed by Mr. Horace 
Trumbauer, and is beautifully situated in a woody spot 
It is a house that shows, both in design and in situation, 
a singularly successful unity that is at once delightful 
and satisfying. [he descriptive text by Barr Ferree is 
entirely adequate, while the numerous photographs have 
been expressly taken for this Magazine. 


A Concrete Garden Bench 


Ralph C. Davison, whose series of articles on concrete 
ornaments for the garden and how to make them is so 
auspiciously begun in the present issue, takes up a new 
object of art and utility interest in his second paper, 
which describes how to make a garden bench of concrete. 
Mr. Davison writes in the most practical manner possible, 
tells the reader just what to do and how to do it. His 
articles are illustrated with an abundance of illustrations 
and diagrams and are thoroughly practical and helpful 
in every way. 


The Decorative Value of Carrots. 


How the common carrot may be transformed into a 
handsome object of house decoration is delightfully told 
by S. Leonard Bastin in a paper that shows how cleverly 
this ordinary vegetable may be utilized in this way. 
Lovers of attractive house plants will gain some sug- 
gestive ideas from this paper and at the same time 
learn how they may equip their houses with charming 
examples of plant growth. 


Floral Clocks 


The extremely novel topic of floral clocks is discussed 
by Charles A. Brassler. The author tells all about floral 
clocks, how they are made, the intricacies of their mechan- 
ism, where they have been most successfully carried out 
and other data of the most interesting kind. Floral 
clocks, while not novelties, are most decided rarities, 
and the present paper is practically unique. The illustra- 
tions include photographs from a rich collection of floral 
clocks, most of which will be completely new to our 
readers. 


The Modern Country House 


The modern country house is ably discussed by Francis 
Durando Nichols in an illuminating article illustrated 
with many original photographs of houses of moderate 
size and cost. ‘The author discusses some of the more 
important aspects of recent house design, and illustrates 
his paper with numerous illustrations of a group of recent 
houses. The floor plans and interiors render this paper 
particularly helpful and suggestive. 


An Arts and Crafts Colony 


The Whitehead Colony of Arts and’ Crafts in the Cats- 
kills is the subject of an important article by Poultney 
Bigelow, the well-known critic and historian. Mr. 
Bigelow’s article is as interesting as the illustrations, 
which are unusually numerous and which show in detail 
many of the interesting bungalows built in this delightful 
camp. It is a true city of the forest and possesses many 
inherent charms of its own. 


A House of Estimated Cost 


A two-story house of the bungalow type, designed by 
Mr. William Albert Swasey, architect, of New York, is 
offered with an estimate of its cost within certain specified 
limitations. It is an interesting house, well planned and 
designed in an attractive manner. It is a design bound 
to win friends. 


Furnishing the Nursery 


The furnishing of the modern nursery has now become 
so important a part of the equipment of the modern 
house that some suggestive ideas on this highly important 
topic will be welcomed. Edith Haviland offers a number 
of helpful suggestions on this fascinating subject. The 
paper is richly illustrated with many novel photographs. 


The Departments 


The regular departments of the number, Monthly 
Comment, Correspondence, and Garden Talk are filled, 
from beginning to end, with helpful ideas and sugges- 
tions and are, in many respects, the most useful portions 
of the Magazine. ‘These departments are always fresh 
and new, and present the very last word in their re- 
spective subjects. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


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Mensa ConmmeNn Whee Villagel Workman) a. 6. oe eee oe cee de eb ee he ee we 336 
NovaBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘‘Firenze Cottage,”’ the Summer Home of Daniel Guggenheim, 
separ lbenonmmiNewsyelSeyi ag. avon ose alc ay Stee sacias A oR By Barr Ferree 337 
AP OWEMNIING HOOL KOR PRIVANESGARDENS: 52.0 6.6 a cece cee eee ns By Lawrence Eden 341 
LIBEL EISIS  < o's lace’ 6 0.0 a8 alg B'S 6rd Oe SNA Rens ake en or ae re By G.1C. Grant 3248 
evenness LONE VINKING Hehe Lace la ee ee de be a By Edith Haviland 347 
Be NREeNOUWE AU ELOUWSESSUNWNUSDRIA. (6.0% habs et deen eee be By Ralph de Martin 350 
SRDS AND Tes (COMIN. 16 OMS. 6, cles een nen eae eee ee ea Biel ae Poyell 32t58 
A Group OF BUNGALOWS AT PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, COSTING FROM FIFTEEN-HUNDRED 
IDOLILATES (UPWARDS So 5 ch ce oie: Re te aie oC ee 354 
PROTOGRAPIUING BIRDS . 5 nla d ee aetna eens oan ene ene By B. 8. Bowdish 356 


CONCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How To MAKE THEM. I.—A Garden Vase. 

By Ralph C. Davison 359 

A. COLONIAL SUBURBAN HoMe—Guaranteed Cost $6,000. . Designed by Walker & Hazzard 362 
“WELDACRE,” THE HOME OF GEORGE E. SmiTH, Esa., Puinrips Beacn, MassAcHUseETTS. 

By Josephine Balche 364 

Ua oe a 0-6 0 6c: SON Ne CeSRERon Re cae cat cic oh rae ort ara ara By Percy Collins 


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5 fi dy Rha pate OTN cor ceceapey ee By Alice M. Kellogg 
ESAs ROR ENE Coe pean By Charles Downing Lay 


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AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


“Firenze Cottage”: the Pompeian hall 


336 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


~ Monthly Comment 
The Village Workman 


1 N THOSE strange works of fiction, the 
guides to country living, which many philan- 
thropically disposed persons are putting 
upon the literary market with a bravery 
worthy of a better cause, the village work- 
man has a place wholly his own. He occu- 
pies, as it were, a niche of universal con- 
venience, and is able to do anything at any time and in the 
most excellent way. It is time that a word of caution should 
be spoken on this theme, for, among the disillusions that 
sometimes come to too-sanguine souls seeking to worship 
nature and enjoy the simple life in the country, none is more 
unexpected than the shattering of the legends with which 
busy writers have for years idealized and surrounded the 
country workman and his labors. 


THE country workman of the books is a legendary figure, 
no truer to life than excellent old Rip Van Winkle. Modern 
research has shown on what flimsy basis many of the finest 
of old legends rests, but it requires no research at all to dem- 
onstrate that the country workman of the books, or the coun- 
try workman of any sort, is a very human being, with a 
multitude of failings and deficiencies of his own that could 
make him a study of abounding interest were his vagaries 
not practised at your expense and his peculiarities not de- 
voted to your own undoing. Each year his legendary char- 
acter moves farther and farther into the background; each 
year he becomes more of a trial and more of an expense. 
You pick up your copy of “How to Make Ten ‘Thousand 
Dollars in Ten Thousand Years on One Thousand Square 
Feet of Ground,” and you read with amazement the number- 
less ingenious things the author had done for her, and then 
you go out and look at some of the strange things that have 
been done for you by the only available workman within 
miles. You wonder that such things can be, and you are 
most particularly sorry that they happen to be yours. 


THE newcomer establishing himself in the country natur- 
ally requires some outside assistance. It is a need that can 
not be dispensed with, for there are many kinds of work 
about a place, old or new, that the most ingenious man can 
not do, even if his time were completely at his disposal. ‘To 
the unsophisticated it would seem the easiest thing in the 
world to get some one to “help” if not to completely carry 
out a piece of work. The books and magazines teem with 
experiences of obliging neighbors or skilled geniuses of 
labor that have lived sheltered lives in the unappreciative 
countryside. One of the chiefest joys of country living, it 
would seem, was the engaging of these conveniently at hand 
and most ingenious persons. To look for one of these chaps 
is apt to be the first step in the disillusionment of country life, 
the first step toward reality, the step from out of the clouds 
of what may be right down onto the solid earth of reality. 


A VERY shrewd observer once wrote an interesting essay 
beginning with a reference to first catching.your hare. It 
was a profound thought, and if it happens to occur to you 
at this juncture you can not but wonder if he ever tried to 
find a workman in the rural districts. To those who have 
not met with the experience it may seem strange, yet it is 
completely true, that there are many regions quite near to 
some of our largest cities in which not a single workman or 
helper can be had for any price. This is a condition that 
is not only existant at times, but has been prevalent indefi- 


nitely and with no signs of relief in progress. There is a real 
cause for this, since for many years there has been a steady 
drain of the country youth to the cities and in many country 
regions there is scarce any one left save the older men who, 
too late in life, have come to see that the real thing to do is 
to swagger into town with kid gloves and a cigarette and 
engage in a cheap clerkship in a city house. 


WHEN a country workman is finally captured a new 
series of experiences begins. He may, as a matter of fact, be 
no worse than any average city workman. ‘The real hard- 
ship lies in his scarcity. In the city, if one does not exactly 
care for the particular man engaged for a certain job, there 
are many others, apparently as available as the one you have 
picked out. But in the country you are fortunate if you 
find one man to do your work, and having found him you 
presently discover there are no others; or, if there be others, 
they are endowed with various qualifications that make them 
more uncertain than the one you have been fortunate enough 
to obtain. The number of persons following special trades 
being limited, the number of people who can be hired for 
anything being restricted, one must put up with what one 
can obtain, and the results are often very disastrous. You 
get ineficient work and you are practically without redress, 
for there is no one else who could do better. 


Day work is highly in favor in the country. Miscella- 
neous jobs are always difficult to figure on in lump sums, 
and it is often convenient to have people working for you 
by the day, moving them around from job to job as one is 
finished or new ones present themselves. Moreover, in day 
work the country workman is sure not to lose money. He 
may have underestimated his contract price, the work may 
have been more difficult than he anticipated; but with day 
work it can be strung right along and finished in a profitable 
manner. It is a delightful method, and works beautifully 
for every one except the unfortunate who is to pay the bill. 
Rebates and reductions are even more unfavorably regarded 
than in town, the proper thing being to pay the bill as ren- 
dered, even though it contain monstrous overcharges and 
extras. The reason for this is obvious: the person presenting 
the bill has a larger local acquaintance than you have; more- 
over, he knows every one else who makes out bills. As 
rendered his bill is eminently just and fair and ought to be 
paid; if it is not paid with the exactness with which it is ren- 
dered, the bill-emaker tells everybody else, and before you 
know it you have no credit whatever in a community you 
once thought to live in peacefully and at ease, meeting all 
your just debts, and incurring no more expense than you can. 


Ir you don’t mind the expense you will often find the vil- 
lage workman a most agreeable fellow. Life in the quiet 
countryside has sharpened his’ wits and aided his memory. 
The latter will be prodigious, and he can tell you all about 
everyone else and many diverting adventures that he himself 
went through at some remote epoch of his career. Perhaps 
this entertainment should be paid for, and if the stream of 
talk could be turned off as readily as it is turned on the 
village workman might be a very entertaining person to have 
around. His ways of doing business are not your ways; a 
pleasant day or a chance at fishing may interrupt your job 
with no other reason, but in one respect he is thoroughly 
modern and up-to-date; he knows how to charge, and he is 
fully alive to the merits of an astounding bill. 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A summer cottage of wood painted white, with green blinds, set in artistic shrubbery 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


‘Firenze Cottage,” the Summer Home of Daniel Guggenheim, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey 


HERE is an abundance of interest at 
@ “Firenze Cottage,” a fine house, splendid 
grounds, an immense assemblage of flowers 
and plants, a grotto so large and extensive 
that it might well be called unique. One 
does not grasp all these items at once, for 
the property is a considerable one, and has 
been laid out and developed in such a way that the very 
utmost use is made of every part of it. Moreover, the 
various external features are quite well separated; each part 
is distinct in itself, with a convincing character of separate- 
ness; yet each part is manifestly a portion of a single whole, 
in which each individual element makes its own contribution 
to the final effect. 

“Firenze Cottage” does not directly overlook the ocean; 
that is to say, it is on the land side of Ocean Avenue. But 
the space opposite is practically bare of buildings, and the 
ocean is not, therefore, hidden from the entrance front. The 
general external character presented to the passer-by is one 
of distinguished charm. The house is placed well back, with 
a spacious lawn before it. It is somewhat irregularly bor- 
dered with evergreens, and all around the outer borders, on 
the two sides, and within the bounding wall, closing the 
entire front area as seen from the entrance porch, is a thick 
planting of trees, shrubs and plants, the cannas being par- 
ticularly notable among the last. It is a splendid enclosure, 
brilliant and dense, giving the place within a distinct separa- 
tion from the surrounding properties, and affording the 
spectator without many a pleasurable glance at the beauty of 
this embowered lawn. 

The front of the house shows two wings with a connecting 
center. Its length is increased by two outer porches, one at 
each end; one serves as the porte-cochere; the other, as a tea- 
room. Both house and porches have broadly projecting 
cornices, which form a distinctive feature of their design; 


those of the house are supported on large brackets, those of 
the others, by medallions. The whole of the front is con- 
tained within a terrace, surmounted with a balustrade; at 
the entrance steps are two seated lions holding shields. 
Within is a porch, filling the space between the:two wings, 
a porch of coupled columns and a simple balustrade which 
encloses the upper platform. ‘The windows of the upper 
story extend into the broad cornice which crowns the house, 
and above are the sloping roofs, sharply inclined, with low 
dormers in the center, and giving an agreeable silhouette 
and finish to the whole design. 

The main hall is entered directly from the porch with- 
out the intervention of a vestibule, for this is, of course, a 
summer home, not used in the winter months. It is an 
immense room in the Pompeiian style, much the largest 
room in the house, and an apartment superbly hospitable in 
dimensions. A row of, coupled Roman Ionic columns across 
the farther side divides it into two unequal parts, the larger 
of which is nearer the doorway, while the narrower portion 
has somewhat the character of a corridor. It is, however, 
an essential part of the hall, all of which is decorated in a 
harmonious style. The walls have channeled pilasters cor- 
responding in style to the columns. The base is painted as 
a dark dado, above which is a Pompeiian decoration in color. 
The cornice is white, picked out with light green, and the 
light blue ceiling is without decoration. The bases of the 
columns and pilasters are Pompeiian red and the channels 
white and green. The floor is of white marble with a border 
in colored marbles; it is partly covered with rugs and skins. 

The mantel is directly in face of the entrance door, and 
is in the corridor-like division of the hall. It is of yellow 
marble, with green and yellow mosaic facings. On the key- 
stone is an antique grotesque bronze masque. The andirons 
are green bronze. ‘The furniture is modeled after Pom- 
peiian designs, with frames of wood, painted white, and 


ss LLL 


The graceful willow is abundantly used 


movable cushions of green. A superb marble table stands 
in the center, and behind it is a fountain rising from a pool 
let into the floor. The palms and ferns which are banked 
on either side of it add greatly to its effectiveness. “There are 
numerous reproductions of Pompeiian bronzes, and Pom- 
peiian designs and motifs have been used wherever possible. 


The entrance-drive with porch and tea-house 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS September, 1909 
The library is on the left of the hall. Its walls are 
lined with red silk damask. ‘The woodwork, which is 
confined to a low wainscot, the frames of the doors and 
windows, and the broad cornice, is Circassian walnut. 
This wood is also used for the mantel, the space above 
which is filled with a magnificent matched panel of the 
same beautiful wood. The mantel has facings of gray- 
ish marble and green and brass andirons. Just before it 
are two benches or seats, one on each side, which form 
a little space like an inglenook, and contains a tea-table, 
cosily placed for agreeable intercourse. ‘There is a vast 
red rug on the hardwood floor, the furniture covering 
is red leather, and the windows have thin white curtains. 
On the left of the hall is the music-room, which 
faces the entrance front. It is an oval apartment, very 
delicately designed and furnished. The walls are of 
light yellow, with a low wood wainscot painted white, 
and a painted festooned design, which includes small 
figured medallions. ‘The mantel is of carved wood with 
a painting included in the decoration of the room above 
it. The curtains are sage green, with lambrequins, all 
with white borders. The hardwood floor has a green 
rug, and in the center of the ceiling, which otherwise is 
perfectly plain, is a rich decoration in low relief. ‘The 
furniture is mahogany and gilt cane. A finely embroid- 
ered cope hangs over the back of the upright piano. 
Behind this room, on the inner side of the house, but 
entered from the main hall, is the dining-room. This 
is a somewhat long room of very agreeable dimensions 
The walls are in stripes of two shades of green. The 
wood is mahogany and is used in the low wainscot, the 
door and window frames, the broad cornice and the 
mantel and its over-panel. There are white curtains at 
the windows, and the room is, therefore, quite brilliant in its 
effect. The floor is covered with a great green rug in two 


shades. The ceiling is tinted a light buff, and from the cen- 
ter depends a wrought-iron lamp. The mantel has facings 
The furniture 


of reddish marble and large brass andirons. 
is antique, with green coverings. 


IM 


Porch overla 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND ‘GARDENS 339. 


Beyond, and entirely separated from the dining- gf ==> Hse 
room, is the breakfast-room. This is, indeed, a porch, a 
partially enclosed. And a most delightful place it is, . a? ¢ 
with its latticed walls, its dome-like ceiling, its corner Se 2 Se 
niches, its two entrance doors, its caned furniture with a ee Se al 
gaily covered borders, its table, topped with plate glass 
above the canes, the red cement floor with its rug, and, 
perhaps after all, its color, a grayish ground, on which 
is the lattice work in sage green. It is a room pleasant 
enough to be appetizing, and of exactly the same size 
—and that, of course, is none too large—for an agree- 
able breakfast party. 

Seated here one looks out directly into the large 
pergola, a pergola quite vastly high, and stretching so 
far away from the house that its perspective is most 
unusual. It ends, in truth, against a blank wall, which 
examination presently discloses to belong to one of the 
forcing-houses. And its vine-shadowed walk readily 
invites one to a ramble through the grounds, the extent 
of which is by no means hinted at from the entrance 
of the house, but which, on the inner side, is found to 
be most considerable. One wanders here from garden to 
garden, from greenhouse to greenhouse, from hothouse 
to hothouse, from arbor to arbor. No doubt all these 
things have their special place on the formal plan, but 
the visitor will not concern himself as to arrangements, 
for the charms and delights of this wonderful place are 
so infinite in their variety that more than one journey 
amid their floral delights is essential to their enjoyment. 
As for their understanding, that is quite a different 
matter, for the gardens of ‘Firenze Cottage’? were lige tet ; ae: 
made for pleasure, and very agreeable and delightful The breakfast-room is a latticed porch 
are the pleasures they afford. In a certain general way eee ! . i 
these inner gardens consist of certain general groups. The of bedding and decorative plants required here, as well as 
hot-houses, forcing-houses, conservatories, and the like, con- care for them in the winter. The houses needed for this 
stitute a group of structures thoroughly utilitarian in purpose purpose are, therefore, quite numerous. ‘They are enclosed 
and very extensive. Even before they have been seen the within hedges of plants, chiefly cannas, which present ~a 
visitor has been made aware that only a horticultural plant brilliant spectacle when a-bloom and almost hide the utili- 
of the first magnitude could turn out the immense number  tarian nature of the structures they surround. 


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— 


The fountain in the sunken garden 


The graceful willow is abundantly used 


movable cushions of green. A superb marble table stands 
in the center, and behind it is a fountain rising from a pool 
let into the floor. The palms and ferns which are banked 
on either side of it add greatly to its effectiveness. There are 
numerous reproductions of Pompeiian bronzes, and Pom- 
peiian designs and motifs have been used wherever possible. 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS September, 1909 
The library is on the left of the hall. Its walls are 
lined with red silk damask. The woodwork, which is 
confined to a low wainscot, the frames of the doors and 
windows, and the broad cornice, is Circassian walnut. 
This wood is also used for the mantel, the space above 
which is filled with a magnificent matched panel of the 
same beautiful wood. The mantel has facings of gray- 
ish marble and green and brass andirons. Just before it 
are two benches or seats, one on each side, which form 
a little space like an inglenook, and contains a tea-table, 
cosily placed for agreeable intercourse. There is a vast 
red rug on the hardwood floor, the furniture covering 
is red leather, and the windows have thin white curtains. 
On the left of the hall is the music-room, which 
faces the entrance front. It is an oval apartment, very 
delicately designed and furnished. The walls are of 
light yellow, with a low wood wainscot painted white, 
and a painted festooned design, which includes small 
figured medallions. The mantel is of carved wood with 
a painting included in the decoration of the room above 
it. The curtains are sage green, with lambrequins, all 
with white borders. The hardwood floor has a green 
rug, and in the center of the ceiling, which otherwise is 
perfectly plain, is a rich decoration in low relief. The 
furniture is mahogany and gilt cane. A finely embroid- 
ered cope hangs over the back of the upright piano. 
Behind this room, on the inner side of the house, but 
entered from the main hall, is the dining-room. This 
is a somewhat long room of very agreeable dimensions 
The walls are in stripes of two shades of green. The 
wood is mahogany and is used in the low wainscot, the 
door and window frames, the broad cornice and the 
mantel and its over-panel. There are white curtains at 
the windows, and the room is, therefore, quite brilliant in its 
effect. The floor is covered with a great green rug in two 
shades. The ceiling is tinted a light buff, and from the cen- 
ter depends a wrought-iron lamp. The mantel has facings 
of reddish marble and large brass andirons. The furniture 
is antique, with green coverings. 


The entrance-drive with porch and tea-house 


LT ey 


Porch overlooking the garden 


September, 1909 


Beyond, and entirely separated from the dining- 
room, is the breakfast-room. This is, indeed, a porch, 
partially enclosed. And a most delightful place it is, 
with its latticed walls, its dome-like ceiling, its corner 
niches, its two entrance doors, its caned furniture with 
gaily covered borders, its table, topped with plate glass 
above the canes, the red cement floor with its rug, and, 
perhaps after all, its color, a grayish ground, on which 
is the lattice work in sage green. It is a room pleasant 
enough to be appetizing, and of exactly the same size 
—and that, of course, is none too large—for an agree- 
able breakfast party. 

Seated here one looks out directly into the large 
pergola, a pergola quite vastly high, and stretching so 
far away from the house that its perspective is most 
unusual. It ends, in truth, against a blank wall, which 
examination presently discloses to belong to one of the 
forcing-houses. And its vine-shadowed walk readily 
invites one to a ramble through the grounds, the extent 
of which is by no means hinted at from the entrance 
of the house, but which, on the inner side, is found to 
be most considerable. One wanders here from garden to 
garden, from greenhouse to greenhouse, from hothouse 
to hothouse, from arbor to arbor. No doubt all these 
things have their special place on the formal plan, but 
the visitor will not concern himself as to arrangements, 
for the charms and delights of this wonderful place are 
so infinite in their variety that more than one journey 
amid their floral delights is essential to their enjoyment. 

As for their understanding, that is quite a different 
matter, for the gardens of “Firenze Cottage’ were 
made for pleasure, and very agreeable and delightful 
are the pleasures they afford. In a certain general way 
these inner gardens consist of certain general groups. The 
hot-houses, forcing-houses, conservatories, and the like, con- 
stitute a group of structures thoroughly utilitarian in purpose 
and very extensive. Even before they have been seen the 
visitor has been made aware that only a horticultural plant 
of the first magnitude could turn out the immense number 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


339 


The breakfast-room is a latticed porch 


of bedding and decorative plants required ‘here, as well as 
care for them in the winter. The houses needed for this 
purpose are, therefore, quite numerous. They are enclosed 
within hedges of plants, chiely cannas, which present a 
brilliant spectacle when a-bloom and almost hide the utili- 
tarian nature of the structures they surround. 


The fountain in the sunken garden 


340 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The music-room is oval, delicately colored and decorated 


That there is a carriage-house and stable, a large two- 
story building, with servants’ rooms in the upper floor, is 
It is more out of the ordinary that a 
rustic arbor, quite on the outer border of the property, should 
be used as an earth-yard by the gardeners, utility being 


quite to be expected. 


thus concealed within orna- 
mental form. 

From the greenhouses a 
wide path extends toward 
the farthest boundary. It is 
bordered with cannas on 
either side, and with iron 
trellises, to which trained 
fruit trees are applied. 
Quite at the end is the ten- 
nis-court. Then comes what 
at first sight seems vast 
fields of vegetable gardens, 
a group of squares, each 
with its enclosure of cannas 
or other high plants, a 
vegetable garden of quite 
entrancing beauty, very 
beautifully arranged so as 
to give a great deal of floral 
beauty while we may be sure 
the excellence of the vege- 
table products is not ne- 


glected. 

The visitor wanders 
through these fields of 
flowers and_ vegetables 


until he approaches a struc- 
ture that has all the out- 
ward visible signs of a con- 
servatory. A small door at 
one end suggests the 


September, 1909 


thought of entrance. And 
then he enters into a new 
world. This is no mere con- 
servatory, but a vast grotto, 
with cunningly contrived 
paths, with rocks above 
and below, with a stream at 
the bottom, with passages 
up and down, a veritable 
maze of loveliness, that, 
once entered upon, can not 
be left until every path has 


been trod, every crevice 
visited, every cavern ex- 
plored, the water itself 


crossed by its conveniently 
arranged _— stepping-stones, 
and the door gained on the 
oth er side. It is simple 
enough, of course, for there 
is but a single path that 
winds in and out, up and 
down, and has no branches 
or side openings. And 
everywhere, above and be- 
low, at the sides and hand- 
ing from the roof, is a plant 
growth of most amazing 
variety and of transcending 
loveliness. Verily it would 
seem as though every plant 
that loves a warm moist air 


was gathered here, and perhaps this is so, for all I know. But 
it is a wonderful place, arranged in a wonderful way, and 
filled, almost literally to the roof, with wonderful plants. 
Emerging thence one finds oneself immediately above a 
sunken garden that lies between the grotto and the house. 


The library is trimmed with Circassian walnut with walls of red damask 


Ss 


A swimming pool-enclosure of modern classic style 


A Swimming-Pool for Private Gardens 


By Lawrence Eden 


WIMMING-POOLS, while not usual adjuncts of the 
country estate, have, nevertheless, a real value and 
interest of their own, and are the source of an im- 
mense pleasure and satisfaction to those who possess 

them. They imply 
grounds of some- 
what large extent, 
for they are ob- 
viously only adapted 
to sequestrated por- 
tions of the grounds, 
and, in most cases, 
are closely veiled 
within trees and 
luxuriant growths 


of shrubbery. And 


surely what can be 


else that goes to the making of a country estate, the swim- 
ming-pool may be large or small, inexpensive or costly. A 
mere widening of a brook may be sufficient in some cases, 
and is at once the most natural and the most readily con- 
Siemulc tie dor eal 
swimming - pools. 
W hen tthe estate 
possesses a private 
pumping - plant, 
however, it will be 
found more desir- 
able in many ways 
to construct a basin 
expressly for bath- 

ing purposes, and to 
ain | arrange for an 
tl iy > ample supply of 


LADIED 


more delightful than 


fresh water and an 


an early morning 
dip and swim in a 


adequate system of 
change. In this 


cleanly kept pool be- 
neath the shade of 
some grand old 
trees and in a spot 
seemingly remote 
from human habita- 
tions, and yet so 
near as to be but a 
short walk out from 
the house? 

It is no wonder 
that such acces- 
sories are high in 
favor with the own- 
ers of large estates, 
nor is it strange 
that the swimming- 


oo « «© « © @ © © 


DRESSING | 


Se 


way the pool be- 
comes independent 
of the haphazard 
location of brooks 
and streams, and 
can be placed any- 
where on the 
grounds. It is 
comparatively easy, 
then, to select a 
well-wooded spot, 
prepare an excava- 
tion of sufficient 
size, line it with 
concrete, arrange 
the feed and waste 
pipes, and the work 


| DREBSING 


Lapied | 


pool has come to be 
regarded as, if not 
absolutely essential, 
at least highly desir- 
able. So it has come 
to take its place with 
the tennis-court and 
other places set 
apart for outdoor 
sports, and yields to 
none of them in the 
pleasure it gives. 


is done. 
There must, how- 
ever, be a bath- 


a, ron Ba house that the bath- 


ers may disrobe, and 
the architect’s serv- 
ices are called in for 
the designing of a 
structure that 
will be conveniently 
adapted to these 
ends. It may be a 


Like _ everything Plan for swimming-pool and enclosure rustic pavilion, per- 


342 


Bathing-house and pool 


haps as charming as the one pictured in the accompanying 
photograph, or it may be an elaborate group of buildings 
illustrated in the plan and section. 

This is a highly ornate structure, designed on quite an 
elaborate scale and built with some regard to grandeur of 
effect. The drawings reproduce a design made by Mr. 
William De Vos, of Ghent, the quaint old Flemish city of 
Belgium, and are typically Continental in their general lay- 
out and arrangement. It is, in brief, a large open space, 
surrounded by a gallery or promenade, with a flooring tiled 
or grassed, as may be desired. ‘The gallery, supported by 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


al 
FU “ita | 
— 
sae 


i 


yg) 


THAW HAN 


An ornamental center 


Ionic columns, is covered to afford protection from wind 
and rain. There are three dressing-rooms on each side—on 
one, for men, on the other, for women. ‘The outer wall is 
carried up high enough to shut out the view from without, 
but sufficient space is left above it to permit free access 
of air. 

The great semicircular seat with which this sumptuous 
bath is closed is sometimes found in other forms as a high 
ornamental adjunct of the swimming-pool. The pergola of 
one of the illustrations is thoroughly charming in every way, 
and is a really noble ornament of the pool that lies below it. 


A swimming-pool with pergola 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


343 


MN ISES 


By C. C. Grant 


=) HE word trellis is so familiar that it needs 
XS]) no definition—no need to know that it is 
derived from the old English word trelys, 
the French word treille, or the Latin, tri- 
chila. A mention of the word and one’s 
mind pictures a light structure of crossed 
bars of wood or interlacing metal support- 
ing and displaying the foliage and flowers of climbing plants. 

Considering the many uses for trellis work, it is remark- 
able that it is not more generally utilized, but that it is being 
more appreciated one has only to look over recent archi- 
tectural magazines to be convinced. 

The architect who, in his design of country homes, con- 
siders the aid of foliage in direct connection with the house 
must needs employ trellis. It furnishes a simple and inex- 
pensive means of adding interest to blank wall spaces, to 
entrances or to porches. A glance at our illustrations will 
bear out this point, and they tell more plainly than 
words the architectural uses 
for trellis work. 

The structural pieces of 
wood trellis are usually of 
seven-eighths inch by two- 
inch material, the uprights 
secured flat against the 
walls and the cross-pieces 
nailed to them. Usually 
where a wood trellis stands 
free—for example, where it 
acts as a ladder for vines 
climbing to a system of pro- 
jecting rafters—the up- 
rights and crossbars are 
halved together. To have 
the divisions of trellis work 
approximate the size and 
shape of adjacent window- 
pane divisions preserves a 
pleasing scale. A bold but 
attractive architectural use 
of trellis is the covering of 
entire house walls with the 
vertical and horizontal 
strips, omitting, of course, 
the doors and windows. 
There are a number of not- 
able examples of this, but 
the one uppermost in the 
mind of the writer is the 
old Wyck homestead, in 
Germantown, Philadelphia. 

In garden design, espe- 


A simple door trellis 


cially in that of formal gardens, trellis work seems a neces- 
sary part of pergolas, pavilions, tea-houses and other archi- 
tectural accessories. 

Perhaps the most utilitarian form of trellis work is the 
trellis fence—a structure six to eight feet high of our crossed 
bars, in bays between posts. Such a fence, accompanied 
always by the necessary vines, furnishes a pleasing screen 
about service-yard and. stable-yard enclosure, or about any- 
thing where concealment is desirable. 

The city, too, has its uses for trellis work. Great un- 
sightly walls, which usually occur on party lines, have been 
made sightly by an applied covering of small-scale wood 
trellis—perhaps a better word would be lattice—divided 
into interesting panels. ‘This is usually done when the win- 
dows of an adjoining house look out on such a wall. The 
position of this lattice usually precludes the use of vines, 
hence the small scale of the crossing-pieces the better to 
conceal the wall. [his is a method much developed in 
French architecture, but 
several excellent examples 
may be seen along Fifth 
Avenue in New York City. 

A most serviceable and 
picturesque form of trellis 
can be constructed of bam- 
boo bound together at the 
intersections by copper wire. 
The Japanese make exten- 
sive use of bamboo in in- 
teresting trellis forms. 

Metal trellis is generally 
a stock product of interlac- 
ing heavy wire in stiffening 
frames. It is to be had in 
panel or arched forms, and, 
while not very architectural, 
is very practical. It is de- 
sirable where the trellis 
should not count strongly 
in the scheme of things. 

White is perhaps the 
most effective color for 
wood trellis, counting 
strongly among the dark 
masses of foliage. The lat- 
tice used on city house blank 
walls is painted dark green, 
its position requiring an in- 
conspicuous color. The 
effect is not unlike foliage. 
Green or black paint is de- 
sirable on metal trellis. 


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4 
IS 


September, 1909 


In considering trellis one 
must consider vines—the 
tw6 are inseparable except 
in the case of city lattice 
work. A mention of a few 
of the most serviceable for 
display or for screening 
purposes or for both may 
be of use. 

The one drawback in the 
use of trellis work is the 
care necessary to preserve 
it by the use of oil paint, 
which should be applied 
about every three years. 
Even though vines twine 
themselves about their 
trellis, this can, with care, 
be painted during the time 
of year the leaves are off. 
If the vines are trained by 
being tied on the surface of 
the supporting trellis, they 
may readily be taken down 
and the trellis painted. 
Another, and perhaps the 
simplest, scheme is to use 
only vines which die down 
each fall and come up 
rapidly the following 
spring. A good example 
for this purpose is the small 
white-flowered clematis 


(Clematis paniculata). Cutting it back to the ground in 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A trellised house front 


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Z 
y 

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4 
Ly 
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345 


(Humulus japonicus is an- 
other excellent vine that dies 
away from the trellis each 
fall. It is an annual and 
a compact rapid grower, 
with leaves five or six 
inches across. It supports 
itself by means of ten- 
drils and branches freely. 
Altogether it is one of the 
best of screening vines. 
Seeds may be sown out of 
doors about April fifteenth; 
better results, however, are 
obtained from plants 
started indoors about the 
middle of March. Sun and 
plenty of water in dry 
weather are essential for 
successful culture. There 
is a showy green-and-white- 
leaved variety (Humulus 
japonica, var. variegatus), 
which is as strong a grower 
as its plainer relative. 

Of the vines which must 
be trained it seems hardly 
necessary to mention the 
well-known old standbys, 
wistaria (Wistaria chinen: 
sis), trumpet vine (Tecoma 
radicans), or the various 


honeysuckles. All add the 


loveliness of their flowers to their value as a screen. The 


the spring produces the best results. It requires little if any first two require a rich soil, should be planted in the spring 


training—supporting itself by its leaves. 


Rose-laden trellises 


Hf) fig 
Fired § 


rT AH pg’ 


The Japanese hop 


or early fall and not pruned until after the flowering season. 


An enclosed porch 


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RRR R ARIA AO ay SAMSON ANNAN SINAN ; 

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j ponte Dre WAAR ” 

Phapenndr OreMh at HRANTOMAIN ANNAN NS nin NA NNN 


. Lovocsiaiganonen ener Was 
3 ser 


September, 1909 


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ii ee 


The Navajo rug, with its warm orange-red, gives a feeling of cheer 


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September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


347 


Vacation Home- Making 


By Edith Haviland 


=~) HE unmistakable charm of summer living 
8 is in the possibilities for shaping even the 
crudest structure into some expression of 
its occupants’ tastes and needs. Differing 
in detail from the all-the-year-round resi- 
dence, the camp, cottage or bungalow for 
summer use is none the less attractive to the 
real home-maker who finds no lack of material in the shops 
for carrying out the progressive ideas and ideals of our 
twentieth century. 

In the matter of floor coverings, for instance, there has 
never before been so abundant provision in inexpensive, un- 
usual weavings. With the grass matting rugs in a solid 
color, red, blue or green, one may start at a minimum cost 
the color scheme of the living-room, bringing out in the 
draperies and other fabrics some decisive design. Or, at a 
higher price, there are the figured India druggets, with a 
groundwork of light brown or camel color, and the pattern 
woven in colors. 

The cotton rugs woven on hand-looms in the old style 


have regained their former prestige, particularly when they 
are made with good dyes or woven with flower borders. 
Made of cretonne, too, these rugs lose their solidity of tone 
and have almost a patterned effect. Some of the most 
artistic color combinations, strange to say, are the handi- 
work of the blind, and the border designs are unusually 
novel. 

The most durable rug for real wear is made of wool and 
woven in Scotland, although it is found in this country under 
various appellations. This past year the severity of the 
geometrical patterns has been relaxed and some flower de- 
signs in naturalistic style are in vogue. The bungalow, or 
Mission rug is a new departure in a solid color woolen rug, 
with the ends finished with narrow lines in contrasting colors. 

The large-sized Navajo rug that is shown in the illustra- 
tion is made by a tribe of our Western Indians, and for 
vivid coloring can not be equalled by any foreign country. 
Even in a room that is inadequately lighted these rugs, with 
their warm orange-red, impress one with a feeling of cheer. 
In fact, so intense are the prevailing tones that they demand 


The open fireplace expresses thorough interior comfort 


348 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


Shelving is both ornamental and useful 


Plenty of space for porcelain and china 


A comfortable lounge is a necessary furnishing 


surroundings that are subordinate enough to leave the rug 
as the feature. One may remember the Navajo rug when 
furnishing a living-room that is too heavily shaded by the 
piazza, or for interior halls that lack sunlight. 

As the cost of a Navajo is considerable, it is not a cheap 
floor covering, especially when its use must be confined to 
a few months in the summer; for, unlike the Oriental rugs, 
it can not be transplanted from one room or home to an- 
other. A soft-toned Oriental rug is often an economical 
purchase when a winter and summer residence is estab- 
lished, as it will accord with almost any colorings. In a 
Long Island country home all of the rugs from the city 
home are transferred at the beginning of the summer to 
the seashore, and returned each fall to the town house. 

The adoption of one large rug for each of the living- 
rooms, with small sizes for the bedrooms, is the accepted 
plan for reasons both practical and sanitary. In the 
Oriental rugs one may combine various sizes even when 
they are unlike in colorings and designs. In the domestic 
rugs, Wilton, Brussels and others, the necessary sizes may 
be made to order when they are not kept in stock. 

In summer homes among the,trees the interiors may be 
supplied from native wood in rustic or semi-rustic work. 
In the illustrations there are some suggestive ideas that 
have been carried out in stairways and furniture. 

A comfortable lounge is a large item of expense for the 
summer cottage, but is a really necessary part of the living- 
room furnishings. According to the appropriation that is 


made for this piece of furniture, one may secure a luxurious © 


tufted davenport, a woven-wire divan or a box lounge. 
The latter, when fitted with a separate hair mattress, is a 
good selection at a moderate cost. 

Under some conditions a canvas swinging settle may 
take the place of a lounge, or one made of reeds or willow 
may hang from the ceiling. Of the former kind there are 
some improvements the last year on the first pattern which 
came out as a novelty, but by its cordial reception has 
become installed as a staple contribution to the home. 

With the introduction of a divan comes the vexing 
question of spread and pillow covers, and a needed word 
is to be said about making these details too conspicuous. 
All sorts of odds and ends are frequently gathered at this 
point. The Yale student brings home his college pillow, 
and his sister, not to be outdone, installs her school or 
college colors. Another member of the family acquires 
at a bargain counter some pillow tops, and the collection 
is incomplete without additional contributions of em- 
broidery, leather work or stenciling from interested 
friends. 

The cover for the divan need no longer be a striped 
Bagdad, as there are so many varieties now from which 
one may make a choice. A plain-colored spread is the 
safest choice (especially when the pillow covers are fig- 
ured), and goods fifty inches wide may not demand an- 
other width for a divan of ordinary proportions. To 
take away from the severity of a plain material there may 
be a band of trimming sewed just above the hem, about 
two inches from the edges. ‘The coarse homespuns that 
come in many different shades are well suited for couch 
spreads in summer cottages. 

A generous provision of tables, square, round and ob- 
long, with some of the drop-leaf and folding make, may 
be among the furnishings for the vacation home. 

In a cottage or bungalow of small dimensions the living- 
room is usually made the eating place, and the question of 
table accommodation is important. Instead of an ex- 
tension dining-table, the drop-leaf may be considered. In 
one home a pair of these tables took the place of the con- 
ventional extension-table, one standing in the center of the 
room with both leaves raised, the other, when not in use 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 349 


at meal-time, placed against the wall. Both were joined 
together when guests were added to the regular family. 

A tea-cart is a welcome addition to the large living- 
room, either for serving dessert and coffee without a maid, 
or for holding relays of provisions. Walls that are made 
of wood afford unlimited opportunities for auxiliaries to 
the tables in the way of shelves, either stationary or made 
with hinges to fold down when not in use. Corner shelves 
are adapted for jars or bowls of flour; narrow shelves 
over doors and windows may hold copper or brass trays. 
If the dining- and living-room are combined, a decorative 
feature may be made with attractive china placed in open 
shelves. In two of the illustrations the shelves are fitted 
in the “jog” at one side of the fireplace, with covered 
spaces for holding food-supplies. 

Glass, silver and linen for the table are also closely re- 
lated to the successful making of the summer vacation 
home. A plain plated ware that may be easily cleaned 
lessens the care to keep it in proper condition, and avoids 
anxiety as to its safety. [he most experienced house- Sa be 
keepers make such a choice as this, and then leave the Simple curtaining 1s to be preferred 
silver packed away in the cottage when it is not in use. 

The heavy glassware, now so much seen in so-called 
Colonial shapes, with preserve dishes of the same, are a 
good selection for the bungalow. A complete set of either 
china or glass is not essential, but it is wise to begin with 
a pattern that is kept in open stock in a store from which 
additions may be made from time to time. 

If the table top is capable of being used without a cloth, 
some plate doilies, with a center-piece, may be used on a 
round space, or, on a square or oblong table, strips or 
runners of linen. Colored linen is now used for these 
strips, yellow, gray, blue or green, with hemstitched edges, 
or finished with a stenciled pattern or buttonholing. 

The open fireplace expresses so much interior comfort, 
especially on the days when disagreeable weather makes a 
retreat to shelter, that its construction and fittings should, 
individually and collectively, receive intelligent attention. 
A well-laid fireplace with, perhaps, some quaint tiles set 
into the brickwork, an opening of good proportions, and a 
flue of perfect drawing qualities—how much these mean 
to every inmate of a cottage or bungalow. Out-door pleas- 
ures on land or water are forsaken when fog or storm set 
in, and the best exchange is a hospitable hearth to draw 
about. 

Bedroom furnishings in the camp or bungalow are on 
so simple a scale that there seems hardly any excuse for 
their not being perfect of the kind. A floor that is fin- 
ished for the laying of rugs may first have the pieces of 
furniture arranged and then the vacant spaces beside the 
bed and at the foot laid with rugs. The cheapest bed- 
room rug is the cotton variety as spoken of before. Small 
Brussels are now made in good patterns. The Scotch rug 
and others of plain wool afford other choices. Strips of 
carpet in the ordinary twenty-seven-inch width, the three- 
foot, or one still wider, make serviceable rugs when the 
ends are bound with braid. ‘These strips are also helpful 
when it seems imposible to get the right length in bath- 
room rugs. 

White iron beds in the newer pattern have a rounded 
head and foot in place of the straight bars and brass knobs. 
Wooden beds with slender posts and low head- and foot- 
board are becoming popular, and these are now made up 
in the moderate-priced woods. The spring, mattress and 
pillows must, of course, receive first attention, and no 
decorative adornment should be made at the loss of the 
best quality in these foundations for comfort. A colored 
spread to lay over the bed-clothes may be of cretonne, 
crépe or linen, plain or figured, and long enough at the 
sides to do away with a valance. 


A generous provision of tables is desirable 


The open fireplace expresses interior comfort 


350 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Concrete court (Hoppe) 


September, 1909 


Large court (Schoenthal) 


L’Art Nouveau Houses in Austria 


By Ralph de Martin 


N ARCHITECTURAL exhibition planned 
Ye and carried out in a consistent manner from 
EY he ist) the very beginning, from the erection and 
aah arrangement of the exhibition halls to the 
selection and display of the actual objects 
within the buildings, is a form of exhibit 
as yet unknown in America. ‘The archi- 
tectural exhibition in America is a medley of drawings, with 
some models of buildings and perhaps some plaster studies 
in sculpture. Many of these contain good things, many 
show the best work our best 
architects have done during 
the year preceding the ex- 
hibition; but at the most, 
these exhibitions have only 
a technical interest. It is 
the architect and artist 
who is especially interested 
in them, who _ recognize 
the good things they offer, 
who enjoy and delight in 
them. 

A new form of archi- 
tectural exhibition has come 
into vogue in Germany dur- 
ing the past few years, and 
it may be a matter of some 
interest to study one of 
these both as a model of 
what such _ exhibitions 
should be, but as affording 
an insight into the intensely 
personal work that many 
German architects are now 
doing. Much of this work 
is familiarly known by its 
French name of the “art 

” And new art it 


nouveau. 


The Vienna art exhibition, 1908. Main entrance (Hoffman) 


is, in a very new sense. It is but fair to state at the outset 
that not all of this new art is good or even interesting, and 
while I am using a German exhibition as a text for the 
present article, it is but simple candor to point out that the 
Germans themselves are often the most flagrant offenders 
against the canons of good taste in their most developed 
forms of art nouveau. 

Eccentricity in art should not, however, blind us to the 
inherent interest and value of a work of art. [he human 
mind produces nothing more precious than a work of art, 
and even the most inade- 
quate art work may have an 
inherent value and be ex- 
pressive of an idea, an art 
impetus that we may not 
always feel, but which 
nevertheless, truly exists. 
Hence, it follows that noth- 
ing is so rash than a whole- 
sale condemnation of art 
nouveau, even of the Ger- 
man type, because of cer- 
tain pronounced eccentrici- 
ties. Let us admit it has its 
eccentric form, and leave 
such products in the class 
to which they belong, 
actually as matters of no 
importance, and then turn 
to the better, saner works, 
that we may win from them 
such delight and enjoyment 
as we may. 

This much granted, let 
me hasten to add that no 
group of artists are doing 
such splendid work to-day 
as the German workers in 


September, 1909 


Small court (Hoffman) 


the art nouveau. This phase of art is cultivated in France 
and Italy, and to a less extent in England; but the Germans 
are the leaders, clearly and unmistakably, and they lead, on 
the whole, grandly and well. Those who were fortunate 
enough to see the German rooms at the International Ex- 
hibition at St. Louis, saw there a perfect revelation in mod- 
ern art workmanship, perhaps the most complete and most 
remarkable display of the kind that, up to then, had been 
shown in America. 

Meantime German art has not stood still. The art 
nouveau in Germany is no longer limited to interior decora- 
tion, but actual buildings, gigantic warehouses, vast churches, 
real dwelling-houses, structures of every type and kind have 
been designed and built in this new form of art. Much of 
this is good, some of it is positively splendid, and much of it 
is interesting in the highest sense. That there have been 
some failures may be frankly admitted, but the note of 
progress is definite and sure, and the triumphs of the new 
art are already secure in its infancy. 

And what is the art nouveau, it may justly be asked? I 
shrink from attempting a definition of something that is at 
once so pronounced and so vague, but certain well-defined 
characteristics are clearly manifest. It is, in the first place, 


Cemetery (Braiier) 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


351 


SS 


a a 


Entrance to country house (Hoffman) 


a departure from established tradition. It ignores what in 
art is known as the academic. It is both based and developed 
on construction, and is, in many senses, construction em- 
bellished, adorned and glorified with constructional decora- 
tion. It is not an enriched art, for it is often solemn and 
somber in every aspect. But its soberness, when relieved, is 
relieved in a new way. It is an art that throbs with the 
vitality and the individuality of the artist. And this is true 
whether it be a work of architecture or a piece of decoration; 
whether it be a mural decoration or a bit of sculpture. It is 
the expression of the artist’s own soul, of his mind and his 
imagination. It is his personal, individual creation. 

It necessarily follows that the art nouveau is not de- 
veloped out of the copy-books and that it is not manufactured 


“The dance,” relief by Franz Metzner 


by rule. A good deal of modern architecture, and of mod- 
ern American architecture, is concocted in this manner, and 
very safe and sound such architecture is. Moreover, it is 
much easier to copy than to invent, and the architect who 
can indicate the existing sources of his ideas can design very 
many more buildings than the architect who must think out 
every detail, and personally invent and design everything 


352 


that enters into his work. The new art may never be 
popular among American practitioners of the noble art of 
architecture, but it is, nevertheless, well worth the study and 
attention of every true lover of art. 

As a practical illustration of some of the more recent 
stages of art nouveau as developed in Germany, I want to 
invite attention to the architectural exhibition held at Vienna 
in 1908. The entire exhibition was a successful solution of 
the architectural problem. Here architecture did its best 
and most dificult work. It ruled by serving other arts and 
produced its effects of simplicity by complicated devices. It 
is extremely difficult to give expression to the secret of beauti- 
ful proportions and to produce a rhythm of space in harmony 
with the purpose in view, because the average human brain 
contains no organ for the appreciation of such effects. Yet 
here everything was so finely done, the exhibits so completely 
found their requisite spatial atmosphere, that even the spec- 
tators, in their attitudes and gestures, seemed free from 
affectation, and to be both natural and in keeping with their 
surroundings. 

The exhibition was dominated by the genius of Herr Hoff- 
man, who is an architect who has acquired a remarkable 
sureness of procedure and a mastery over materials and 
objects in which he has few equals and which is so highly 
developed as to almost preclude the possibility of error. 
His methods found expression not only in the plan accord- 
ing to which the various halls and courts were grouped, but 
in the arrangement of the exhibits in such a manner that each 
contributed to the general architectural effect. The result 
was a unity that made the underlying diversity pleasing and 
intelligible. 

There was a profound significance in the arrangement of 
the halls and courts, including the lofty central building, 
with its niches containing symbolical sculptures—perhaps 
conceived as polychrome faience rather than as white plaster 
—the groups of smaller halls to right and left, the pretty 
little house which exhibited all the agreeable features of a 
dwelling-place; the great court overlooked by the high win- 
dows of the central hall; the small courts which invited the 
visitor to pause and rest on his way from gallery to gallery; 


Vestibule, by Hoffman, with mural decoration by Kling 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


Mant TUTTE Ce A thee teen eee er en 
SP rats es B Post 


ee kao i Leal, 


Small court (Roller) 


the poetic little nooks, embellished with flowers and foun- 
tains and pools; and, finally, the gardens, in which a modest 
but highly successful attempt was made to show that the 
arrangement of a garden is a task worthy of artistic en- 
deavor. Fine, fine, fine, and interesting, if not beyond com- 
pare, at least in a true and penetrating sense that left a 
definite impression on the mind. 

The educational value of such an exhibition can not well 
be set down within reasonable limits. It showed, more than 
anything else, the arts working harmoniously together for 
the betterment of human life. It presented a picture of 
life as the artist would have it, and it embraced the whole 
calendar, including even’ the application of domestic art to 
the embellishment and amelioration of everyday life. 

A word should be added on the sculpture. The Metzner 
room carried out the promise of the architecture, and proved 
that, in sculpture also, the master is revealed by what he 
omits. In sculpture, as in decoration, scene painting and 
stage setting, and in every art which aims at style, simplifica- 
tion of forms and omission of unessential details favor the 
production of monumental effects. This artistic economy, 
remarks a German writer in commenting on this exhibition, 
is the last refinement of art. A glance suffices to tell us 
whether elaboration of detail has been prevented by lack of 
skill or purposely omitted by an artist of consummate ability. 
In the latter case we see the deep study of Nature and the 
confident mastery of detail, even in constrained stylistic treat- 
ment, and feel an impression of life and reality which ‘is 
lacking where the stylistic simplicity of form has been as- 
sumed only as a cloak for incompetence. 

Metzner’s sculptures are instinct with life, despite their 
startling simplicity of form. Their meaning is expressed by 
a few eloquent lines and surfaces. No other living sculptor 
is so nearly an architect as Metzner. No other is so well 
able to give life to stone without destroying the effect of the 
massiveness of the material. He has accomplished feats that 
appeared impossible in the treatment of modern clothes. 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


$5.3 


Birds and the Country Home 


By E. P. Powell 


COUNT the birds into my family, and con- 
sider that they earn their living quite as much 
as I do myself. For that matter, they own 
e]/ the property by just as good a right as my 
%@ deed. When they get here in the spring the 
Ws catbirds deliberately divide up my nine acres 
between their six or eight families. Each 
family occupies its own section, does most of its hunting 
there, and its singing. I am persuaded that, taking it all in 
all, the birds are as profitable to me as my hens. They do 
not give me eggs for market, but they enable me to grow 
fruit for market, beside adding immensely to the pleasure 
of my homestead. I am sure that I could not get on without 
bird associates in running my orchard and fruit garden. I 
watch the hundred of birds, working with all their might 
during three or four months, and every one of them looking 
upon my enemies as a victim. [he number of slugs, bugs, 
moths and worms destroyed in a single day on my nine acres 
I know to count up into the tens of thousands. It leaves me 
enough to do after them, but my labor alone would be in- 
effectual in many departments of horticulture. The logical 
consequence is this, that as an economic movement I can do 
nothing better than to make the birds at home with me. In 
order to do this I must, first of all, attend to the making my 
own surroundings attractive to them. Then I refuse to allow 
any habits to grow up which disturb or annoy the birds. 
Finally, having gathered them about me, I make sure that 
they have their quota of food, and especially during those 
periods when the least is provided by Nature. If they take 
more than their share of cherries and black raspberries, and 
a few other things, it is my business to see to it that I get my 
own proportion. At least, I will not rob them. When I 
cover forty out of my sixty cherry trees with mosquito net- 
ting, I leave twenty for the robins and catbirds. 

Hedges and shrubbery, especially such dense-growing 
bushes as Tartarian honeysuckle and mock orange, and 
hedges made of arbor-vite and hemlock, are soon discovered 
by the birds, and utilized by them for homes. I have eight 
or nine nests of catbirds every year, and I find that their 
nests are always in very nearly the same place, although 
hidden with remarkable skill. The song sparrows are here 
in large numbers always, and the enumeration of robins 
would be impossible. There are four of their nests under 
my balconies and in the vines that clamber my house. Blue- 
birds and indigo birds are about equally plentiful, and the 
scarlet tanager has come into friendly neighborhood with 
the wood thrush and Wilson’s thrush. These thrushes are 
generally very shy of houses, and can be found only in the 
edges of the woods; but I have them building and whistling 
within a few rods of the house. The rose-breasted gros- 
beak and the redstart flit through the foliage everywhere; 
and, although I do not like him, the oriole is certainly a won- 
derfully beautiful creature. The purple finch and the yellow 
warbler find comfortable nesting-places about my lawns, and 
wrens divide up the cozy corners of my porches with the 
robins. In other words, we try to have just the right sort 
of homestead ready for the birds to build in, adding to the 
arbors and hedges a few artificial boxes for the bluebirds 
and wrens. ‘They sing all day long, by turns, and the cat- 
birds become so familiar that they will call me through the 
windows to talk with them. After the first of August these 
birds rarely sing, but they do like to talk prose with you. 

A gun we must have, but it is used as infrequently as 
possible, so that the birds may not be disturbed with ex- 


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plosive sounds. It is rarely fired except to kill a red squirrel 
or a crow. It is a pity, but all the same it is true, that this 
very pretty squirrel has no sympathy with his neighbors, and 
not a bit of compunction about breaking up birds’ nests. He 
eats every young bird that he can find or catch unprotected, 
and then to this mischief he adds the destruction of pears 
and sweet apples to get at the seeds. The birds make a din 
when a squirrel appears, and we soon pick him out with the 
gun—sorry, but can’t help it. Crows we can rarely get at, 
for they are cunning enough to come early in the morning, 
before human folks are abroad, and they are out of sight 
as soon as a door swings. They manage to do a deal of 
mischief breaking up robins’ nests. I have seen them picking 
these dainty morsels out of their homes, and flying away 
with them in their beaks. The Government Bulletins have 
very nice words to speak for the crow, but he has no place 
in our bird paradise. There are two more birds that get no 
welcome. ‘The English sparrow is everywhere about us, and 
is noisy just across the street, but he so well knows that we 
have no welcome for him that he rarely flies into our lines. 
You can get rid of him permanently only by harsh measures. 
We never allow him to nest in our trees or our houses, and 
we never feed him. His pugnacious habits are intolerable, 
and he will manage to do as much mischief in fruit or grain 
as a whole flock of honest birds will do good. We are of 
the same opinion concerning blackbirds, and they have found 
it out, so that they rarely intrude. In Florida the red- 
winged blackbird has a welcome on account of his superb 
choral songs. It is the only bird that I know that sings in 
chorus. By the way, if crows pull your corn, set up three 
or four poles about the field with an ear of corn tied to the 
top of each. He is so suspicious that he is more afraid of a 
gift than of a gun, and he will stay rigidly out of a corn- 
field where free corn is offered him. 

I am fully in sympathy with the anti-cat crusade. You 
can not have cats roaming about and have your birds happy. 
It is true that a beautiful cat is a beautiful creature, and some 
of them know enough to be almost indispensable about the 
house and fields. If you happen to have one of these really 
admirable felines, do as I do with mine; build a small house, 
a cat palace I call it, two stories high, with a back yard and 
a front yard, and cover the whole over with wire netting. 
Put pussy in there early in May, as soon as the birds begin 
to build, and keep her there until the middle of September. 
Feed her well, of course, and occasionally take her out for a 
petting. She is an incurable enemy of the birds, and it is to 
the marauding of these petted animals that we owe the larger 
part of the destruction of the best helpers that we have. The 
birds are never easy when puss in abroad, but they very 
quickly learn when she is in retirement. This plan works no 
pain to the cat, although she is very fond of roving; make 
the house big enough for her to tramp about, and, if pos- 
sible, let her have a companion. 

Those who grow fruit, especially cherries and berries, will 
challenge me as to the value of some of our songsters. The 
answer is, plant for bird food as surely as you do for your 
own food; and among the best trees for this purpose are 
wild cherries, mountain ash, service bush, high bush cran- 
berry and the barberries. The viburnun, or high bush cran- 
berry, draws that splendid bird the pine grosbeak, together 
with flocks of cedar birds, in midwinter. A half dozen 
trees of mountain ash will do wonders, not only for your 
own birds in autumn, but for birds of passage all through 
October and November. They will drop down on your 


Continued on page 361 


Fig. 5—A concrete bungalow. C. W. Buchanan, architect 
Pasadena, California 


Pasadena, California 


Fig. 2—A five-room bungalow, costing $1,500. Wilfred Smith, architect Fig. 6—A six-room bungalow, costing $2,000. P. J. McNally, architect 
Pasadena, California Altadena, California 


Fig. 3—A twelve-room bungalow, costing $6,500. Hudson & Munsell, architects 
Los Angeles, California 


Fig. 7—An eight-room bungalow, costing $6,300. L. N. Merritt, architect 
Pasadena, California 


Fig. 4—A nine-room bungalow, costing $3,000. G. F. Warwick, architect Fig. 8—A nine-room bungalow, costing $6,000. C. C. Clark, architect 
Pasadena, California Altadena, California 


A GROUP OF BUNGALOWS AT PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, 


Photographs Copyrighted, 1 


Fig. 9—A seven-room bungalow, costing $2,000. Thomas Elsworth, architect 
Pasadena, California 


Fig. 13—A ten-room bungalow, costing $5,000. Mrs. James Garfield, architect 
ya ; ee Pasadena, California 


Fig. 1O—A twelve-room concrete bungalow. C. W. Buchanan, architect Fig. 14—Another view of a ten-room bungalow, costing $5,000 
Pasadena, California Mrs. James Garfield, architect, Pasadena, California 


ie tat 
iain Wut 
ai ti 
EM | 


6 i Bis 
een cs 


Fig. I5—A five-room bungalow, costing $2,000. W. Terwillinger, architect 
Pasadena, California 


Fig. 11—A model bungalow, costing $2,000. Mr. Cooke, architect 
South Pasadena, California 


| Fig. 12—An eight-room bungalow, costing $4,500. E. M. Shiming, architect Fig. 16—A six-room bungalow, costing $2,000. P. J. McNally, architect 


Pasadena, California Altadena, California 


YSTING FROM FIFTEEN-HUNDRED DOLLARS UPWARDS 


iby Waldon Fawcett 


Fig. 5—A concrete bungalow. C, W. Buchanan, architect Fig. 9—A seven-room bungalow, costing $2,000. Thomas Elsworth, architect 
Pasadena, California Pasadena, California 


Fig. 13—A ten-room bungalow, costing $5,000. Mrs. James Garfield, architect 
Pasadena, California 


Fig. |—A thirteen-room bungalow, costing $9,000. J. F. Rhodes, architect 
Pasadena, California 


} 
H 
4 
v 
: a Si pases 
Fig. 2—A five-room bungalow, costing $1,500. Wilfred Smith, architect Fig. 6—A six-room bungalow, costing $2,000. P. J. McNally, architect Fig. 10—A twelve-room concrete bungalow. C. W. Buchanan, architect Fig. 14—Another view of a ten-room bungalow, costing $5,000 
Pasadena, California Alladens, California Pasadena, California Mrs, James Garfield, architect, Pasadena, California 


Fig. I5—A five-room bungalow, costing $2,000. W. Terwillinger, architect 


Fig. 3—A twelve-room bungalow, costing $6,500, Hudson & Munsell, architects 
Pasadena, California 


Los Angeles, California 


Fig. 7—An eight-room bungalow, coe $6,300. L.N. Merritt, architect Fig. 1I—A model bungalow, costing $2,000. Mr. Cooke, architect 
Pasadena, California South Pasadena, California 


LTrOrree els reasa rr = vas 
IPOS Barony ai t1 55>, 


SUMALLI RTS 


ig. 8B—A nine-room bungalow, 7 = ; hitect Fig. 16—A six-room bungalow, costing $2,000. P. J. McNally, architect 
Nae C.C. Clark, architect Fig. 12—An eight-room Bunsley eating E. M. Shiming, architect Altadena, California 


Fig. 4—A nine-room bungalow, costing $3,000. G. F. Warwick, 
Pasadena, California Sree F 


A GROUP OF BUNGALOWS AT PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, COSTING FROM FIFTEEN-HUNDRED DOLLARS UPWARDS 


Photographs Copyrighted, 1999, by Waldon Fawcett 


356 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


Photographing Birds 


By B. S. Bowdish 


(ee EQOIHOTOGRAPHY is one of the newest 
Me Ve methods in the study of birds. Up to a 
Bess ) 4 very few years ago apparently no one had 


given much thought to the possibilities that 
lay in the use of the 
camera among _ the 
feathered folk, in de- 
picting them and their entertaining ways. 
In 1900 there appeared “Bird Studies 
with a Camera,” by F. M. Chapman, 
one of the early pioneers in this use of 
the camera. In 1902 “The Home Life 
of Wild Birds,” by F. H. Herrick; “‘Na- 
ture and the Camera,” by A. Radclyfte 
Dugmore, and ‘“‘Nestlings of Forest and 
Marsh,’ by Irene G. Wheelock, were 
brought out. Since that time a number 
of books of such nature and many maga- 
zine articles illustrated by reproductions 
of Nature photographs have appeared. 

In many branches of photography cer- 
tain rules may be laid down, the follow- 
ing of which is a comparatively easy 
matter and means success, but in nature 
photography, and particularly in photo- 
graphing live birds, the element of 
chance has never been overcome, nor is there any apparent 
likelihood that it will be. Mr. William L. Finley, of Ore- 
gon, one of the most highly successful bird photographers 
in the country, who has a very extensive collection of beauti- 
ful results of his work with the camera, says that he has 
wasted thousands of plates, and he considers that with the 
best apparatus and the utmost skill one may expect to expose 


f 5 
A 


The focal plane camera in operation 


an average of a dozen plates for each thoroughly good 
negative secured. 

‘There are some few birds which, under favorable condi- 
tions (usually with young or eggs in the nest), afford com- 
paratively easy subjects for the photog- 
rapher, but, for the most part, birds are 
very shy and suspicious regarding a 
camera. 

With some species it has been found 
nearly or quite impossible to get them to 
come to their nests while camera and 
operator were near, even though both 
were well concealed. Mr. Chapman in- 
troduced a portable blind for concealing 
camera and operator, which has been 
widely adopted, with various modifica- 
tions, and which has contributed greatly 
to the success that has been achieved in 
bird photography. This arrangement 
consists of an umbrella, the handle set 
in a telescoping brass rod, one end of 
which is sharpened to push into the 
ground, the middle of the umbrella top 
being left open for ventilation, and a 
round tent of green cloth, gathered at 
the top, is draped over the frame and 
falls to the ground. ‘These tents offer no rude contrast to 
natural surroundings, and they may easily be draped with 
branches or vines, making them still less conspicuous. Small 
slits for peep-holes or to admit the lens of the camera are 
made in the walls of the tent as desired. 

No single rule applies, even with different individuals of 
the same species of bird. The bob-white has usually been 


Frame of the umbrella 
tent 


Camera with telephoto attachment for 
long-range work 


Umbrella tent for photographing 
birds 


September, 1909 
found an easy subject for photog- 
raphy when sitting, yet the writer 
found this to be far from the case 
with one of these birds found incu- 
bating her eggs on June 7, 1906. 
This bird was very wild and suc- 
cessfully frustrated all efforts to 
photograph her. The hundred feet 
of rubber tubing and bicycle pump, 
which has so often been successfully 
used to operate the camera from a 
distance, was brought into play, but, 
though the camera was very care- 
fully covered, she refused to go on 
her nest while it was there. An 
arched-topped tin and wood cover 
was then made and painted green. 
This could be placed over the 
camera, entirely concealing it except 
the lens. A “fake” camera was 
placed under this blind and left there 
for several days for the bird to be- 
come accustomed to, when the real 
camera was substituted, but Mrs. Bob refused to be trapped. 
Finally, the camera was left in position over night, and, 
though the bird was on the nest when the exposure was made 
the next morning, she moved so badly as to spoil the photo. 
Despite this disturbance of her household affairs Mrs. Bob 
hatched sixteen young Bobs. 

Some bluejays are bold about their nests, and ales photos 
to be made without much difficulty; others are almost im- 
possible subjects. One of the great difficulties in photograph- 
ing many birds on their nests is the fact that the nests, being 
in the shade, the light will not admit of a “snap,” and the 
bird spoils a time exposure by movement. 

A very convenient thing in photographing birds and their 
nests is a clamp instead of a tripod, by means of which the 
camera can be attached to the limb of a tree. The writer 
has used two kinds with satisfaction, a ball and socket and 
a simple type of pocket clamp. 

One spring it was noticed that a pair of bluebirds were 
seeking a nesting-place around the barn, and a box was hur- 
riedly put up just over the upper floor window. 

The birds immediately took possession, and after the 
young had been hatched out a bracket was fastened up about 
four feet from the box, to which a camera could be screwed, 
the tube running back through the window. Back in the 
shadow of the interior the operator 
could watch the arrivals of the par- 
ents with food, and make exposures. 
Some six or eight negatives were thus 
secured, and at the same time a 
record was kept for several hours of 
the time periods between the trips of 
the parent birds. A bird box at the 
back door of the house gave an op- 
portunity for similar study and pho- 
tographing, with a pair of house 
wrens as subjects. 

Where it is necessary to make a 
time exposure on a sitting bird some 
method must be found to overcome 
the sudden start that the bird is al- 
most sure to give at the opening click 
of the shutter. The writer has some- 
times accomplished this by “stopping 
down,” necessitating an exposure of 
fifteen to thirty seconds. If the bird 
gives one start at the opening click 


An improvised ladder of cordwood for photographing 
nest and eggs of hairy woodpecker, fifteen 
feet from the ground 


On the way to photograph a red-shouldered 
hawk’s nest sixty feet from the ground 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 357 


of the shutter and then sits expec- 
tantly, the movement is covered by 
such a small part of the time of ex- 
posure as not to show in the picture. 
Some birds, however, continue to 
move nervously, and there is no al- 
ternative but a “snap” with open 
diaphragm, which in such situations 
is too apt to mean a hopeless under- 
exposure as well as no depth of 
focus. 

One ingenious bird photographer, 
to overcome the start of a cedar 
waxwing at the shutter’s click, hung 
a clock under the camera and left it 
until the bird became accustomed to 
the ticking, so that she took no note 
of the extra click of the shutter. 

Perches have been arranged close 
to the nesting sites in such a way that 
when a bird lit on the perch it was 
depressed and closed an electric cir- 
cuit, thereby setting off the shutter. 
For operating the camera from a distance a thread has some- 
times been used in place of the long rubber tube and bicycle 
pump, though less convenient than the latter. 

Such birds as hawks are very wary, and it is difficult for 
the photographer to conceal his presence, even near enough 
to the nest to operate the camera with tube or thread. One 
bird photographer secured very successful photographs of a 
pair of red-tailed hawks by passing a string over the nest, 
one end running to the camera and the other to a limb, so 
that when the birds stood or sat on the nest they drew the 
string taut and made the exposure. 

Where it is necessary to have the camera some distance 
from the bird to be photographed, the ordinary lens gives 
a picture too small to be of value. If the lens be a com- 
pound one, one part or the other is sometimes used singly 
as a “long-focus combination,” whereby the size of the 
image is magnified considerably. The ‘‘telephoto”’ attach- 
ment is also used for this purpose, allowing a magnification 
up to three and one-half times the result obtained with the 
regular lens. 

The focal plane shutter cameras have been a boon to 
the nature photographer, and results have been accom- 
plished in the way of photographing flying birds, even to 
the extremely rapid wing movements of the iovaavamiiaved ited 
which would otherwise have been ab- 
solutely impossible. With these 
cameras the operator can focus on 
his object right up to the second of 
exposure, and the quickness of the 
focal plane shutter is supposed to 
range well above a thousandth part 
of a second. 

The experiences of the bird pho- 
tographer include glad surprises, the 
securing of an occasional seemingly 
impossible, splendid photograph, the 
incidental acquisition of a great deal 
of delightful knowledge of the ways 
of the birds—also bitter disappoint- 
ments, the hardest of work and the 
most extreme fatigue, with the oc- 
casional risk of life and limb on the 
face of the cliff, the dizzy height of 
the tree top, or the treacherous 
morasses of swamp or marsh, 
whither his quest leads him. At his 


358 


ease in his home he may 
operate the camera on his 
lawn, securing the family 
portraits of the chipping 
sparrow or robin, but he must 
also be prepared to remain 
for hours motionless and 
noiseless, in a cramped posi- 
tion, hidden in his blind in 
the woods, while the heat 
seems to be rapidly convert- 
ing him into liquid lard, flies 
promenade over his nose, and 
myriads of mosquitoes hold 
family reunions and festivals 
on his defenseless person, 
and the bird whose portrait 
is so earnestly coveted tan- 
talizingly meditates just out- 
side of the camera’s range. 
He must be prepared to try, 


day after day, for a satisfactory photograph of some sub- 
ject that seems ever to just elude him, and to search 
in vain for a nest of some species that the ‘‘other fellow” 


got a fine photograph of. 

One June the writer found a nest 
of the scarlet tanager, and the bet- 
ter part of four afternoons was 
spent in trying to secure a photo of 
the bird on the nest, but she frus- 
trated every effort. 

Hunting with the gun has ex- 
terminated the buffalo, the great 
auk, Labrador duck, and has al- 
most exterminated most of the 
larger four-footed game, and many 
of the birds. It has robbed pos- 
terity of just that much, and has 
left the hunter richer in nothing 
but memories, which can hardly be 
altogether pleasant. Hunting with 
the camera destroys nothing, and 
leaves the hunter perpetual trophies 
of scientific and esthetic value, 
gives him the most healthful diver- 
sion, and insures delightful memo- 
ries. Ihe time must come when 
for hunting the camera largely, if 
not entirely, replaces the gun. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Camera with long tube and bicycle pump for photographing 
birds on nests 


Ball-and-socket clamp for attaching the camera 
to a limb of a tree 


September, 1909 


Do not, however, imagine 
that, with the prevalency of 
camera hunting there will be 
developed the same sort of 
“sport” as obtains with gun 
shooting. I can not but think 
that, with the gun, there is 
a certain delight in the act of 
killing. It is indeed fortu- 
nate that nothing of the kind 
can arise in camera hunting. 
The camera hunter will have 
for his reward not the sense 
of bloodshed and life extin- 
guished, but the reward of 
achievement. And this 
achievement must, in many 
cases, and certainly for very 
years to come, be unique and 
original in a very striking 
and wonderful manner. 


Bird life, and indeed all animal life, is still largely un- 
photographed. ‘This means that its most intimate phases 
are utterly unknown to us. 


The camera thus opens up a 
marvelous field for adventure and 
discovery which would seem well 
nigh inexhaustible. 

And can it be pretended that 
there is not interest, and a world of 
interest, in the opportunity thus of- 
fered the sportsman? A new kind 
of sportsman, it is true, but a very 
real one, nevertheless, who will go 
out into Nature’s wilds, into the 
fields and forests, and bring back to 
his study and his friends permanent 
records of bird life of unending in- 
terest and amazing novelty. Surely 
there is “sport” in work of this 
kind, just as there is value. 

So much the future has in store 
for us in work of this description. 
Work that is a pleasure and work 
that is helpful too. Already much 
progress has been made in the art 
of bird photography and many in- 
teresting and valuable facts have 
been discovered. But there is still 
much to do, much to learn, much to 
ascertain. ‘The camera hunter has 
the whole world before him. 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Concrete Ornaments for the Garden and How to Make Them 


~1—A GARDEN VASE 
By Ralph C. Davison 


VES) HERE are but few materials that lend them- 
‘3 selves to garden ornaments better than con- 
crete. Like stone, it seems to harmonize 
2 with the surroundings and gives a digni- 
¥ fied and massive appearance to the whole 
§ theme, which is most pleasing to the eye. 

_ This is particularly true if good, bold 
graceful outlines are given to the designs of the ornaments 
used. 

As a usual practise, concrete ornaments are cast in plaster 
or glue molds. If the piece is at all complicated the making 
of the mold in which it is to be cast is rather an expensive 
operation, especially so when there are but one or two pieces 
of the same design to be made. 

The author has designed and made several vases shaped 
as shown in Fig. 1, which have been much admired. ‘The 
method used in making them is simple and somewhat novel, 
inasmuch as it embraces a combination of casting and model- 
ing. A description of how these vases are made may be of 
interest to those readers who are apt at making things and 
who wish to beautify their lawn or gardens at a minimum 
expense. 

By closely following the instructions given in the detailed 
descriptions of the various operations used in the making 
of the vase illustrated, the reader will be able to produce a 
product equally as good as the one shown. 

The first thing to do is to make the outer mold, as shown 
in Fig. 2. This can be made of heavy cardboard or very 
thin, pliable wood. In the design shown the greatest diameter 
is twelve inches, therefore the length of the piece of card- 
board to be used for mak- 
ing the outside form must 
be at least thirty-six inches 
long. Make it thirty- 
eight inches. This will 
allow a lap of two inches, 
as shown. The height of 
the vase is six and one- 
half inches, therefore the 
piece should be thirty-eight 
inches long by six and one- 
half inches high. Form 
this into a circle and se- 
cure the ends by means of 
pins or by sewing them 


The finished vase 


together with string. Now cut out a circular piece of card- 
board twelve inches in diameter as shown at ‘‘A”’, Fig. 2; 
this is to be secured, by sewing, to the bottom of the outside 
mold, thus forming a circular box twelve inches in diameter 
by six and one-half inches high, as shown in the illustration. 
The next step is to make the core, or that part of the mold 
which forms the inside sides of the vase or the hole. By 
referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the core is six inches 
in diameter by five inches deep, therefore the piece of card- 
board necessary to form the core must be twenty inches long 
by five inches high. This will allow a lap of two inches, the 
same as was given to the outside part of the mold. Form a 
circle of this piece, as shown at “‘B,” and secure the ends in 
like manner as were those of the outside mold. Now with 
mucilage or glue secure small strips of heavy paper to the 
bottom of the outside of the core, as shown. Then place the 
core in the bottom of the round box, as indicated in Fig. 2. 
Locate it over the six-inch circle, which has previously been 
drawn on the inside bottom of the box, as shown at ‘‘A,” 
Fig. 2, and secure it in place by gluing down the small pieces 
of paper which have already been attached to the outside of 
the core. 

Now fill the inside of the core with dry earth, or, better 
still, sand. ‘This is done to prevent the core from collaps- 
ing when the concrete is placed in the mold. Before placing 
the concrete the outside mold should also be bound around 
with heavy twine, as shown in Fig. 3, to prevent it from 
bulging. Now insert in the sand or earth, in the center of 
the core, a wooden plug about three-quarters of an inch in 
diameter, as shown at “a” in Fig. 3. Taper it as shown, 
and shellac and oil it well 
so that it will draw out 
easily from the concrete. 
Let it project about two 
inches out from the core. 
This plug will form the 
drainage-hole in the bot- 
tom of the vase. The 
mold is now complete, but 
before filling it with con- 
crete it should be placed 
on a working-board, which 
should be at least eighteen 
inches square, as shown in 
Fig. 3. The next step is 


360 


the preparation of the mixture. In this case, owing to the 
fact that the piece is to be modeled, no stone should be used. 
The mixture should be composed of two parts of good clean 
sand, not too coarse, and one part of Portland cement. 
Mix the sand and cement together thoroughly while dry 
until a good uniform color is obtained throughout. Now 


Cut holes about 
42 deep insides 
lor handles 

i orearea. 


Drainage hole. 
Fig. 1—Detailed drawing of cement vase 


add enough water to this so as to make it of the consistency 
of putty or fairly stiff dough. Work it up well so as to 
procure a uniform consistency through the whole mass. Now 
place this mixture, in its plastic state, in the mold, ramming 
or tamping it down lightly as you place it in. Fill the mold 
flush with its sides, and level it off as shown at “A” in Fig. 2. 
Do not disturb the mold, which is now filled with the mix- 
ture, for at least two or three hours. After having set for 
the above length of time the concrete will be hard enough to 
allow of the removal of the outer mold, and the sharp cor- 
ners of the concrete, shown at ‘‘A”’ in Fig. 4, can be roughly 
cut off by means of a sharp tool such as the edge of a good 
strong knife or a mason’s trowel. ‘The next thing to do is to 
make a template, or former, with which to model or shape 
the vase. This is done as follows: First procure a piece of 
fairly heavy sheet tin or zinc and draw on it an exact outline 
of the bottom half of the finished vase, as indicated at “B” in 
Fig. 4. Now cut a piece of one-inch-thick wood, as shown, 
and nail to this the tin template, as indicated. Hold the 
bottom part of this template firmly to the working-board and 
against the side of the concrete cast, as shown in Fig. 4, and 
by gradually working it back and forth around the piece the 
superfluous cement, which is still in a soft state, will be cut 
or scraped off of the cast and a good uniform outline will 
be produced around its entire surface. Now remove the 
plug ‘‘a” by means of gently twisting and pulling. Then 
place another working-board on top of the cast, as shown in 
Fig. 5, at “A,” and then lift the piece up, at the same time 
firmly holding the two working-boards against it, as shown, 
and reverse the whole into the position indicated by ‘“‘B” in 


32"+Lap 


| 


Dis A 


Poe 


j 


Fig. 2—Method of making outside mold and core 


Fig. 5. Remove the board which is now on'top, as well as 
the cardboard disk which formed the bottom of the mold, 
and proceed to model the upper part of the cast in the same 
manner as was explained for modeling or forming the bot- 
tom of the piece. A detailed drawing of the template to 
use in modeling the top is shown at “A” in Fig. 6. It will 
be noticed that the distance from the bottom to the top of 
this template is one inch shorter than the template used for 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


forming the bottom of the vase. This is to allow for the 
depth of the ring around the top of the vase, as shown in 
Fig. 6. The shaded portion in Fig. 5 represents the su- 
perfluous cement which is to be cut away from the top of 
the cast before starting to use the template to form the fin- 
ished outline of the vase. The square edges which will be 
left on the ring by the template, as indicated at “a” in Fig. 6, 


Pill slush 


Fig. 3—Mld assembled ready to receive concrete 


can be rounded off by hand, with a pointing tool or knife, 
as shown at “b.” The body of the vase is now complete, 
and it can be set aside to harden. Do not attempt to remove 
it from the working-board for at least eight to twelve hours. 
for, as yet, it is in a soft state and must be handled carefully. 

The next step is to cast the ears or handles. To do this a 
model must be made as follows: First procure a piece of 
wood and cut it into a triangle, as shown at “A” in Fig. 7. 
Make the two sides marked ‘‘1” and ‘‘2” seven inches long. 
Now lay out the outline of the handle on this piece of wood, 
as shown by the unshaded part at “B,” closely following the 


[ lemplate in 20 sition 


Fig. 4—Method of forming 


or modelling bottom 


of vase 


dimensions given. The dotted lines on the two ends of the 
handle show a projection of about three-eighths of an inch. 
This length is added to the handle in order to insert it into 
niches or holes which are later to be cut in the sides of the 
vase for this purpose. A piece of wood should now be cut 
out to conform to the outline of the shaded portion shown 
in Fig. 7 at “B.” ‘This should be made of wood two inches 
thick or should be built 
up of two one-inch 
boards, as it forms the 
inner part of the mold 
for the handles, which 
are to be two inches wide. 
Secure this piece, by 
nails, in position on the 
triangular piece of wood, 
as shown at “C” in Fig. 
7, and then nail lightly 
to the outside of the tri- 
angle strips of wood as 
shown. Be sure to have them lap as indicated. ‘The tops 
of these strips should also be on a level with the top of the 
solid block ‘‘a,”’ or a distance of two inches from the inside 
bottom of the triangular piece, as shown in the cross-section 
at ‘“D” in Fig. 7. Shellac and oil the inside of the mold 
well to prevent the concrete from sticking. 

Now secure four pieces of steel wire one-eighth to three- 
sixteenths of an inch in diameter and from thirteen inches 
to fourteen inches long, and bend them to the shape shown 


Fig. 5—Showing method of 


reversing cast 


by the heavy dark line in the plan drawing at “B,” Fig. 7. 


September, 1909 


Lay these to one side and then start to fill the box or mold 
for the handle with a mixture composed of the same in- 
gredients as was used for the body of the vase. Fill the 
mold first to a depth of one-half inch and tamp or press the 


Template for 
top of Vase 


aan 
years 
kat 


Fig. 6—Method of forming top of vase 


cement down well, and then lay in, in the position indicated, 
one of the wires. Now lay in one inch more of the mixture, 
and press or tamp it down, and then place in the other wire, 
and fill the mold flush with the top as shown at “D” in 


Fig. 7. Trowel it off smooth and let it set for from eight to — 


twelve hours, so that it will harden up well. Then carefully 
remove the sides of the mold; first removing side 3 and then 
side 1. After having removed these two sides the cast of 
the handle can be easily removed without fear of breaking 
it. Clean the mold out well and shellac and oil the insides 
of it again. Then replace the sides 3 and 1 and proceed to 
cast the other handle in the same way. After removing the 
handles from the mold wet them down occasionally so that 
they will become good and hard. 

The next step is to cut holes into the body of the vase into 
which to insert and cement the handles. ‘The sand or earth 
core, as well as the cardboard lining, should be removed and 
a line should be drawn across the top and down both sides 
of the vase at its center, as shown in Fig. 8. This line will 
show where the handles are to be located. Hold the handle 


Loe ; 
Ja reintorcing 


wire-Stecl. 


Cross BE througha-b, 
Fig. 7—Mold in which to cast handles or ears 


‘n its proper position against the side of the vase, and with 
a pencil outline the position and shape of its two ends on 


Birds and the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


361 


the body of the vase. Now with a hammer and chisel gently 
cut out holes at these points about one-half of an inch deep, 
into which to cement the handle. Locate and cut out holes 
on the opposite side of the vase for the other handle to fit 
into it in like manner. Now by gently tapping with a hammer 
roughen up the ends of the handles, and then place both the 
vase and the handle in water or sprinkle them until they 
are thoroughly wet. Now mix some pure Portland cement 
and water together into a fairly thick paste, and trowel it 
well into the holes prepared for the handle in the body of 
the vase as well as on to both ends of the handle. Sprinkle 
both of these surfaces with water and then place the handle 
in position, firmly pressing it in place. “True it up and scrape 
away the surplus cement, at the same time making a neat 
finish around the handle where it joins the vase. Hold the 
handle in position by binding it firmly in place by good stout 
string. Wedge the string up, as indicated in Fig. 8, to help 


‘\ 


dF ecess’for- 


Fig. 8—Method of applying handles or ears 


further tighten it. Wet the joint down well with water 
occasionally and allow the string to remain in position for at 
least twelve hours before removing it in order to allow the 
handle to be firmly cemented in place. Secure the other 
handle to the vase in like manner, and the vase is now 
complete. 

If by any chance there should be any holes or marked 
irregularities in the surface of the vase these can be pointed 
or filled up with a mixture composed of the same ingredients 
as used in the body of the vase. A good smooth, fairly light 
finish can be procured by rubbing the whole surface down 
with coarse emery cloth. ‘Then soak the vase in water and 
rub over its entire surface a thin coat of a mixture composed 
of one part of marble dust and one part of Portland cement. 
Let this dry out and then again wet down the vase. ‘The 
oftener the vase is wet the harder it will be. Remember 
that water is a most important factor in all concrete work. 
One can never get a good bond between two surfaces if 
the parts are not thoroughly wet down. ‘The dimensions 
given in Fig. 1 are merely suggestive. “The same general 
directions as given above can be used for making a vase of 
almost any size and shape. 


Country Home 


(Continued from page 353) 


lawn in flocks, day after day, for six weeks, dine heartily, 
and start on again. ‘The black-fruited wild cherry is one 
of the most useful for the food it gives, and the wood is of 
great value besides. You can leave such trees to grow along 
the lines of fences. In the spring I find that the barberry 
bushes have hardly been touched by the birds, but when the 
late snow storms come on and catch the robins, these berries 
frequently save their lives. 

During cold weather, even the wildest of midwinter, you 
may have birds nearly as plentiful about your house as in 
midsummer. ‘The secret is in giving them a few bones and 
chunks of suet, tied to your vines and trees. This food will 
cost you little or nothing, and it will make the birds very 
happy in spite of bitter weather. When tired of eating your 
suet these same birds will be scouting through the orchard 
and hunting out worms and eggs of worms hid in the bark 


of your trees. This sort of winter work is of great im- 
portance when we have had an invasion of caterpillars, or 
when the tent caterpillar has pasted his eggs on the branches. 
Among the birds that I find most easily drawn to my win- 
dows in the coldest days are the chickadee, nuthatch, downy 
woodpecker, common snow bird, and sometimes a robin will 
show up. You can afford to make a study of this business, 
and feed the birds just as you can your Holsteins and your 
Jerseys. In the summer I scarcely miss the berries and cur- 
rants that are taken, although I make sure of my cherries. 
In the winter the presence of the birds is almost indispens- 
able to our comfort. When I go to Florida the mockingbird 
is in my dooryard all winter, and the brilliant cardinal bird 
gives me a song, and Bob White comes to my very door 
calling me, while the shrike, beautiful as any of them, de- 
stroys all the grasshoppers and beetles he can eat. 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


362 


i 


if 


September, 1909 


HIS compact little building is 


planned to be a “home” 
every sense of the word. 


in 


In 


order to successfully produce a 
home of moderate cost, it is essential 
that the architect and his client should 


understand each other and work 
in harmony. The production of 
simple, dignified, well-propor- 
tioned little houses is a problem re- 
quiring infinite care and study, and 
the results of this study are be- 
coming apparent. The proper 
mental attitude which we should 
strive to attain is beautifully ex- 
pressed by Tom Moore. 


“JT knew by the smoke which so grace- 
fully curled, 
Above the green elms, that a cot- 
tage was near, 
And I said, if there’s peace to be 
found in the world, 
A heart that is humble might hope 
for it here.” 


If the architect and owner do 
not feel keenly this spirit of hu- 
mility and willingness to accept 
the necessary limitations, good re- 
sults are impossible. The only 
alternative, and a very desirable 
one for those intending builders 
who are willing to admit their 
ignorance of the subject, is the 
employment of an architect who 
understands and loves his work 
and who is capable of keeping the 
cost within specified bounds, al- 
lowing him freedom to design a 
house fitted to your requirement 
and planned for its particular lo- 
cation and environment. 

This cottage is designed on 
genuine Colonial lines, with a 
simplicity and directness that is- 
refreshing. Its entire freedom 
from ostentation and its dignity 
are worthy of study. It is to be 
covered with specially made clap- 
boards laid ten inches to the 
weather and painted white. The 
roof will be covered with shingles 
dipped in a very dark green stain. 
The blinds will be painted the cor- 
rect Colonial green. 

The intention is to have the 
treatment of the interior as simple 
and consistent as the exterior. 
The trim will be an absolutely 
plain square-edged trim, with no 
dust-catching moldings. It will 
be finished throughout the entire 
house with a dull white enamel. 
The doors will all be birch, ve- 
neered, stained a rich mahogany, 
the hardware being old brass with 
glass knobs. ‘The stairs will have 
mahogany newels and handrails, 


t 


Plan of grounds and first floor 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 363 


with balusters, strings and risers enameled white. There is 
no space wasted on useless narrow halls. 
opens into a cheerful and spacious entrance-hall, which is 
separated by sliding doors from the living-room, with its big 
open fireplace, the heart of the house. 
entered both from the hall and from the living-room, and is 


The front door 


The dining-room is 


a cozy, cheerful room. It is to 
have a paneled wainscot, plate- 
shelf and beam ceiling. Special at- 
tention has been given to the con- 
venience of the kitchen and but- 
ler’s pantry, and instead of the 
usual outside stone steps to the 
cellar, which generally conduct a 
respectable-sized waterfall to the 
cellar floor during a rain, there is 
a covered entry with upright door 
leading both to cellar and kitchen, 
and affording a convenient place 
for the ice-box, where ice can be 
put in without carrying it into the 
house. 

The bedrooms are so arranged 
as to secure plenty of light and 
full advantage of the views. The 
principal bedrooms connect; there 
is abundant closet room, a good 
linen closet, and—can it be pos- 
sible !—a good-sized bathroom. 

Here, then, is as simple and as 
good a house as one could wish to 
have. Its solution of the very 
dificult problem of designing a 
comparatively inexpensive small 
house is as simple as it is direct. 
And, in fact, now that we see how 
it is done, it is apparent that the 
solution of this problem, as is the 
case with many more intricate 
ones, is precisely along the sim- 
plest lines. 

Good architecture is not, in 
truth, complicated architecture, 
nor is the most attractive house 
the one that is the most heavily 
loaded with ornament. Messrs. 
Walker and Hazzard need no 
more pretentious an opportunity 
than the present to show how true 
this is and how satisfying and 
how good the result may be; or, if 
you please, are any considerable 
garden accessories absent. ‘The 
house is well supplied with ade- 
quate garden adjuncts. ‘There is 
a service-yard immediately with- 
out the service department. 
Farther on is the drying-yard for 
the family wash. Beyond is a 
formal garden, if you desire to 
arrange the area in that way. And 
then the pergola, extending from 
the house to the terrace arranged 
at the rear of the lot. 

A reputable builder, who does 
a great deal of this work in the 
suburbs of New York City, has 
guaranteed to build this house 
complete for six thousand dollars. 


364 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


‘“Weldacre,’ the Home of George E. Smith, Esq. 


Philips Beach, Massachusetts 


By Josephine Balche 


CHARMING house, designed by Guy 
Lowell, architect, of Boston, Mass., 1s 
“Weldacre,”’ the home of George E. 
Smith, Esq., at Philips Beach, Mass. It is 
delightfully environed with spacious lawns 
and overlooks the ocean. Its walls are 
built of red brick, laid in white mortar, and 
the shingles of the roof have been left to weather finish. It 
is a house of quiet beauty, its fine brick walls being built 
with rare taste and a discriminating appreciation of the 


uses of brick in domestic architecture. They are plain solid 
walls, it is true, but walls built to enclose a house, and bare 
of ornament, as brick walls often rightly are, save for the 
window arches and hoods, and a band of brick set upright 
between the horizontal courses, just below the windows of 
the second story. It is an interesting study in brick construc- 
tion, since the chief effect of the exterior is directly due to 
its broad plain spaces and quiet massiveness. Yet not com- 
pletely so, for the roof counts in the design, as every roof 
should in an isolated house such as this is. A fine, strong, 


The stairs follow a semi-circular wall above the entrance doorway 


September, 1909 


sturdy roof it is, 
covering the whole 
house with its vigor- 
ous lines, and ex- 
tending down below 
the wall summits 
that the protection 
it affords the ver- 
tical members may 
be as sufficient as 
it gives to the 
spaces within. It is 
broken only by the 
chimneys and _ by 
the dormer win- 
dows, front and 
back, strong, simple 
dormers thoroughly 
in keeping with the 
strength that speaks 
aloud in every part 
of the design. 

Very charming, 
too, is the simple 
little entrance-porch, 
ample enough as a 
protection to the 
doorway and to the 
visitor who awaits 
admission beneath 
it; but no more, for 
no more was needed. 
But of agreeable 
resting-places with- 
out there is a plenty. Further on, to one side of the entrance- 
door, is a recessed porch that, opening into the living-room, 
corresponds in size and position with the great window on 
the left that admits light to the dining-room. The ocean 
front provides more ample areas. Here, in the center, is a 
terrace, open above, but protected with a great awning. In 
the center is a flight of steps to the lawn below, while on 
either side the terrace is enclosed within a balustrade. At 
one end is a covered porch that, like the porch on the en- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The entrance front and doorway a 


365 


trance front, im- 
mediately adjoins 
the living-room, to 
which, indeed, it is 
an outer extension, 
as it were, having 
the real qualities of 
an out-door sitting- 
room. 

The plan of the 
house is now  suf- 
ficiently disclosed. 
The  entrance-door- 
way leads directly 
into a shallow space, 
above which, by a 
step or two, is the 
entrance-hall. The 
main stairway rises 
immediately on the 
left, and ascends in 
a gentle curve to the 
second story, being 
carried across and 
over the doorway to 
the upper hall. The 
main hall of the first 
floor is divided into 
two parts by col- 
umns_ standing on 
pedestals. The first 
part is, in truth, but 
corridor, from 

which rise the stairs, 
and from which the living-room and dining-room are re- 
spectively entered. “Iwo more columns complete the indi- 
vidualization of that portion, and beyond is a spacious 
reception-room that is at once the center of the house and 
its chief ornamental apartment. It opens directly onto the 
terrace of the ocean front. 

On the right is the living-room, a spacious apartment that 
extends from front to front, and which is directly connected 
with the two covered porches, one on each end. The dining- 


366 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


| 


The terrace and porch of the ocean front 


room is on the left of the entrance-hall, and has its chief nected with it by a serving-pantry and juts out behind the 
window on the entrance front. All the rest of the house on front wall. Beyond the kitchen is the servants’ dining-room, 
this side is given up to the kitchen and service-rooms, the which, in its turn, abuts beyond the main house, and is a 
kitchen being immediately beyond the dining-room, but con- pleasant feature of the ocean front. The servants’ stairs 


ig ty 


The home comfort of the living-room 


September, 1909 


and passages 
occupy an in- 
terior space. 
The plan is thus 
eminently economi- 
cal and direct, the 
chief rooms being 
assigned to the most 
important positions, 
while their relation- 
ship to each other 
shows a careful 
study of the avail- 
able space. They 
are beautiful rooms, 
too, furnished in 
fine taste and charm- 
ingly decorated. 
The dining-room, 
for example, has a 
high wainscot of 
wood that is pro- 
vided with a plate- 


[a 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


The dining-room is paneled in wood painted white,{{with a scenic frieze 


| 


MAID'S 
DINING ROOM 


decorative. The mantelpiece consists of a paneled frieze supported by 


coupled columns, while the facings an 


FORE COURT 


FIRST- FLOOR: PLAN 


= 


TERRACE 


KITCHEN 


ia 


RECEPTION ROOM 


SERVING 
PANTRY 


rail on which many choice 
household treasures are dis- 
played. The paver above it 


is of 


“scenic,” and is 


the kind known as 


eminently 


stars [fii 


SS 


LIVING ROOM 


DINING 2OOM 


lero 


ENTRANCE HALL | 


d linings of the fireplace open- 


ioe: Oleure a 
brick and white 
mortar. The wood- 
work here, as else- 
where throughout 
the house, is painted 
white. 

The second floor 
is, of course, given 
up to bedrooms and 
bathrooms. All these 
rooms are character- 
ized by the fine taste 
shown in the apart- 
ments of the lower 
floor and are charm- 
ing rooms in every 
way. 

One does not 
need to be told 
where the charm of 
this house lies, for it 
is apparent upon its 
very surface, as well 
as speaks aloud in 
every room. Its 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


368 


Steps and porch The outdoor sitting-room 
designing must surely have been an agreeable task to its occupants. It is to accomplish this end that the architect 
architect, just as its occupancy must be a source of daily de- applies the best that is in him to the work at hand. As 
light to its owner. And a greater success in house design the illustrations show, Mr. Lowell, not less than Mr. 
there can hardly be. For the chief end of a house is to Smith, is to be heartily congratulated on this fine achieve- 


affords comfort and pleasure and convenience and rest to its ment. 


ce 


* 


The rooms are most agreeably furnished 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A water lily at noon 


The lily closing at evening 


The lily closed and sinking under water 


Do Plants Think? 


By Percy Collins 


MD) PLANTS think? The question is one 
& that must often formulate itself in the mind 
of every flower lover. We wonder whether 
the silent leaves and stems miss and mourn 
the flower which we have just gathered; 
whether the flower itself feels the pain of 
approaching decay and death. And while 
we are fully conscious that our thoughts border on the 
sentimental, we fail in our efforts entirely to dispel them. 
If, at such time, we take the trouble carefully to examine 
our ideas, we shall probably find that we are more or less 
hampered by the popular conception—or, rather, miscon- 
ception—that “plants are not really alive.” This notion is 
a very common one. Not that plants are thought to be dead 
things in the sense that sand and stones are dead; but their 
life is regarded as something entirely different from, and 
far less real than, that enjoyed by members of the animal 
kingdom. It may be said at once that this notion is entirely 
erroneous. Plants are just as much living things as horses, 
dogs, cats and even men. They eat, they drink, they sleep; 
they have likes and dislikes; they overcome difficulties in the 
way of growth and development which can never have 


A long-leaved sundew with freshly caught fly 
(magnified) 


The young leaves of a sensitive 
plant—awake 


crossed the path of their parents, and which, therefore, call 
for original ingenuity; finally, at the appointed season, they 
reproduce their kind, and not infrequently make provision 
for the well-being of their offspring. In view of facts such 
as these we begin to realize that our question ‘Do plants 
think?” is not, perhaps, so wildly imaginative as we may 
have at first supposed. It may not ,indeed, be possible to 
answer it by a definite “Yes” or ‘““No”; for men of science 
tell us nothing which suggests the conclusion that plants feel 
and plan after the precise manner of animals. We know 
nothing of plant nerves and plant brains. But a study of 
vegetable life affords us abundant evidence of plant ingenuity 
and prudence. We are convinced, too, that plants feel and 
know; and in the end we are almost forced to the conclusion 
that, in some mysterious manner of which we know nothing, 
plants possess a power of thought and discrimination not so 
very far removed from that which we see governing the 
actions of many animals. 

In order that we may obtain a glimpse of what we may, 
venture to term the cleverness and prudence of plants, let us 
make a brief examination of some phases of vegetable life. 
All those who own gardens and conservatories, or who will 


The same plant when leaves are 
closed up 


370 AMERICAN HOMES “AND "“GARDERes 


take the trouble to look 
about them when they wan- 
der in rural districts, may 
verify most of the points 
raised. Let us begin with 
the food of plants. ‘This, in 
the main, is carbon, which 
they extract from the 
minute particles of carbonic 
acid which float in the air 
around them. Also, as 
every one knows, plants re- 
quire much water for their 
well-being. But in addition 
to carbon and water, plants 
also need small quantities of 
certain other chemical sub- 
stances; and these they take 
up in solution by means of 
their roots. Most important 


A Nepenthes pitcher 


How the Virginia creeper takes hold 


September, 1909 


held fast in just the same 
way as they would be by 
the gum of an ordinary fly- 
paper. Then the leaf be- 
gins slowly to bend over 
and clutch its victim, pour- 
ing a peptic secretion upon 
it by means of the red hairs, 
and ultimately absorbing 
the juices of its decay. 
Now the reader may be 
inclined to regard this as a 
kind of mechanical action. 
But it has been shown by 
experiment that the sundew 
knows exactly what it 
wants, how to obtain this, 
and how to deal with it 
when secured. Mrs. Mary 
Trent observed closely the 


of these dissolved substances required by the living plant is common American sundew, and found that the leaves would 
nitrogen. ‘his brings us to an extremely interesting phase actually move away from the light toward insects which she 
of plant ingenuity. Nitrogen, which we had pinned in their vicinity—moving as 
have seen constitutes a small but essential much as an inch in order to grasp their 
part of the plant’s diet, may, for prac- prey. She found, too, that while the 
tical purposes, be regarded as what leaves curled over -and digested the 
farmer’s call manure. In other words, smaller insects which settled upon them, 
decaying animal substances of all kinds they discarded the bulky ones—allowing 
consist largely of nitrogenous substances. them to fall about the roots of the 
Most soils contain sufficient nitrogen to plants, thus providing for themselves a 
supply the needs of the plants which surface dressing of manure. Equally 
grow therein. But very wet and boggy wonderful and suggestive of intelligence 
soils are generally lacking in this neces- was the sundew’s power of discrimina- 
sary element, and the plants which man- tion. They would digest tiny morsels of 
age to grow in such spots flourish only steak, when given; but cinders, bits of 
because they have solved the problem moss or straw, or little pellets of paper, 
of obtaining nitrogen for themselves. In they would have nothing to do with. 
a word, they catch flies, kill them, and The leaves seemed to realize that these 
absorb their decaying juices. These objects were unfit for food, and refused 
clever plants, which procure their own to waste time and digestive fluid upon 
manure, set about the business in several them. | 

ways, all of which exhibit a marvelous ; Other plants, such as the Venus’s fly- 
ingenuity. The well-known sundews A Nepenthes plant with pitcher developed | trap of the South Carolina bogs, are still 
have leaves covered thickly with sticky on leaf tips more expert. The end of each leaf in 
red hairs. When a fly settles upon a the case of this species is arranged to 
leaf, to which it is probably attracted by the smell of the work after the manner of a gin. It is hinged in the middle, 
viscid secretion, its legs and wings are at once caught and_ and the edges are beset with stiff, incurved bristles. Upon 


The strength of a 
show mass of flies pitcher pitcher dead tendril 


A section of Nepenthes showing A pitcher slit open to A Sarracenias Flies and a 
partly digested flies 


September, 1909 


each half of the “trap” stand three delicate, almost invisible, 
spines. Should a fly alight upon a leaf, and so much as touch 
one of these, its doom is sealed. [he two jaws come to- 
gether with surprising rapidity, and the fly is a captive. So 
long as it struggles the trap remains closed, but when it is 
quite dead, and the leaf has sucked its juices, the trap slowly 
opens and is reset for another victim—although each leaf is 
capable of digesting at most only three insects. 

The Sarracenias of the Florida marshes represent another 
group of carnivorous plants. Their method is to drown their 
victims in pots of water, thus forming a kind of nitrogenous 
soup. The “‘pitchers,’’ as the strangely modified leaves are 
called, somewhat resemble graceful flowers; and doubtless 
this likeness is not a chance one, for, like flowers, these 
leaves exist to attract insects. he difference is that whereas 
true flowers send away their visitors with a present of honey 
and a load of yellow pollen grains to be carried to a distant 
bloom, the Sarracenia lures its victims down into the pitchers 
from which there is no escape. The murderous leaves trade, 
as it were, upon the perfectly legitimate trafic which has 
existed between flowers and insects from time immemorial. 

In the Old World the place of the Sarracenias is taken 
by the Nepenthes genus, whose leaves produce elaborate 
pitchers, often very beautifully colored. But in every case 
the method of capture is identical. The insect bustles in- 
nocently into what it takes to be a flower, little knowing that 
it has entered a death-trap. So ingeniously are these pitchers 
in their structure that it is well nigh impossible for an insect 
which has once entered to make its escape. If it attempts 
to crawl upward it finds that it is unable to do so, because 
the inner walls of the pitcher are beset with stiff, downward- 
pointing hairs. Flight, too, is out of the question, for our 
insect is in cramped quarters, while if he does succeed in 
soaring to the neck of the pitcher, he is almost certain to 


blunder against the kind of cover which partially closes it, 


and to be hurled back. So the fly generally ends his days 
in the water which the lower part of the pitcher contains. 
And its juices are slowly absorbed and digested by the numer- 
ous tiny stomachs which beset this part of the walls of the 
pitcher. 

Let us now consider plants as climbers. 


We all know 


Venus’s fly-trap, the lower leaf has 
captured a fly 


how necessary to vegetable life is a liberal supply of sun- 
light and fresh air; and when we realize how herbs and 
grasses, shrubs and trees, jostle each other, as it were, for 
room in which to spread their foliage, we are not surprised 
to find that many of them have acquired the habit of climb- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


AM). 


ing upward, thus escaping the worst of the struggle. The 
methods of climbing may be classified in four groups: Firstly, 
the twisting of the whole plant round the support; secondly, 
the twining of the leaf stalks round the support; thirdly, the 
use of true tendrils, such as we see in the passion flower; 


Microphotograph of lower internal wall of Nepenthes 


pitcher ; showing the “ stomachs” 


lastly, the use of hooks or rootlets, as we find in the rose and 
the ivy. The wonderful efficiency of many climbing plants 
is little short of amazing. Darwin speaks of a climbing 
bigonia which ascended an upright smooth stick by spirally 
twisting round it and “‘seizing it alternately by two tendrils, 
like a sailor pulling himself up a rope hand over hand.” 
Again, many of these arm-like tendrils and shoots have an 
extraordinary revolving motion in search of support. Some, 
such as the hop, turn with the sun’s course; others, as those 
of the garden pea, revolve against it; and this fact shows us 
conclusively that the plants have, so to speak, a will of their 
own. Otherwise, they would all follow the common vege- 
table custom of turning toward the light. Darwin had under 
observation a tropical pea plant, the terminal shoot of which 
was thirty-one inches long; and this great arm revolved 
through space in a circle, searching for a support, making a 
circle of five feet in diameter and sixteen in circumference 
in a time varying from five hours and a quarter to six hours 
and three-quarters—thus traveling at the rate of thirty-two 
to thirty-three inches each hour. The familiar Virginia 
creeper is well worth observation. ‘The tendrils of the plant 
bear each a number of tiny branches, like fingers, with hooked 
tips. These search everywhere for support. Some are 
thrust into cracks, while others grasp stems. Then, when 
the fingers have taken a hold, they swell out—wedging them- 
selves into the crack or stiffening round the stem—until their 
weight-supporting power is increased to the utmost possible 
limit. Recently the writer selected a small tendril which had 
worked itself into a crack between the boards of a garden 
shed. The tendril selected was dry and withered—had prob- 
ably been dead at least two years; yet it proved capable of 
supporting a weight of two pounds, as the annexed photo- 
graph bears witness. ‘hus, it is plain that the tendrils of 
this plant make deliberate preparation for the support of its 
long runners. Notice, moreover, that there is not merely 
resistance enough to uphold the plant under normal condi- 
tions, but a considerable reserve power to cope with adverse 
circumstances, such as rough, windy weather. 

Certain plants answer directly to stimuli by movement, 
thus seeming to evidence their perception of what is going 
on around them. The best-known example is the sensitive 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


Tobacco plants close under the hot sun of noonday 


plant which, as every one knows, shrinks from a touch. 
Moreover, it folds itself up in exactly the same way, and 
without being touched, at the approach of dusk. In common 
with many other plants, such as the clovers, it ‘‘goes to sleep” 
by folding its leaves and drooping its stems. But although 
we may speak of this phenomenon as ‘“‘sleep,” we are not 
justified in regarding it as identical with the slumber of 
animals. As far as an opinion can be formed on the subject, 
plants may be said not to need rest—at least during their 
period of active growth. So that, when we speak of a plant’s 
sleep, we must not assume that its nutritive processes are 
suspended at this time. ‘The plant is probably just as much 
awake as it is in the daytime. ‘The folding up of its leaves 
is an ingenious arrangement for resisting the fall in tem- 
perature which commences at sundown. It is just as though 
the plant turned up its collar and buttoned its coat more 
closely round it preparatory to a night’s watch; for scien- 
tific observation goes to prove that it preserves a normally 
active power of assimilation during its period of so-called 
sleep.’ 

In speaking of the movements of plants, we have, of 
necessity, to take very much of what we see for granted. 
For example, in numerous instances we are able to realize 
that a flower opens or closes at exactly the right time to 
promote—if one may use the expression—its own interests; 
but what influences induce this opening or shutting it seems 
difficult to determine, if we deny to plants all sensible knowl- 
edge of their surroundings. : 

Let us, in conclusion, examine a case or two in point. Take 
first the beautiful white water-lily. During the hours of sun- 
light its blossom lies flat upon the surface of the water, its 
wonderful chalice fully expanded, and its array of golden 
stamens exposed to view. But as dusk approaches the 


flower’s petals begin to close, and the flower itself sinks 
slowly beneath the surface of the water. 
work is over, and it has gone to rest. 
Some would explain this movement by saying that flowers 
are extremely sensitive to the effects of light and the ab- 


The lily’s day’s 


On the approach of dusk the flowers open wide 


sence of light. But if we grant this, how are we to explain 
the absolutely opposite behavior of other flowers? ‘Take 
the case of the tobacco plant flowers. At high noon, when 
the sun is hot and powerful, each bloom hangs its head with 
folded petals. But as the evening shadows fall the flowers 
seem to shake themselves from slumber, rise up, and expand 
into beautiful white stars, which shine conspicuously in the 
dusk long after the red and blue and purple blossoms have 
faded from sight. 

Doubtless the true explanation of the phenomena is that 
while the insect helpers which secure cross-pollination for 
the water-lily are day-flyers, those which perform the like 
ofices for the tobacco flowers are crepuscular or nocturnal. 
In this connection a somewhat remarkable fact was recently 
pointed out by a well-known writer on horticultural sub- 
jects, namely, that the newly produced tobacco: flowers of 
bright color seem to have already adopted the habit of 
remaining open during the daylight and closing at night. 
Now as colored flowers are acknowledged to be of little use 
as lures for night-flying moths, this is precisely the reasonable 
course for these colored nicotianas to pursue. But how came 
they to realize this unless, indeed, they are vested with 
some power equivalent to that which we term ‘“‘the power 
of thought?” 

Considerations of space forbid us to dwell longer upon 
this fascinating subject. We have seen something, however, 
of the ways in which vegetables surmount difficulties and 
achieve successes; and whether we regard these manifestations 
as the outcome of actual volition, such as is exercised by the 
higher animals, or as directly promoted by the immeasurable 
intelligence which we believe governs all animate and in. 
animate things, the issue is scarcely affected. Plants may 
not think; they may not of themselves pursue one course of 
action to the exclusion of another. Yet each incident of 
their existence bears witness to the fact that they are con- 
trolled by the same omniscient intellect which governs the 
activities, not merely of the lower animals, but even of man 


himself. 


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Garden Notes 


Spring Bulbs 


PRING bulbs should be ordered in September and can be 
planted at any time until the ground freezes, but early planting 
is an advantage as it give the bulbs time to make a good root 

growth. 

Almost all bulbs sold in this country come from Holland, and, in 
some cases, it is better to order them direct from the Holland 
growers; the cost will not be much less but the quality is likely to be 


better. 
Tulips 


The soil for tulips should be rich. They are planted 4 to 6 inches 
deep on a layer of sand an inch thick, which prevents water from 
soaking the bottom of the bulbs. After the ground is frozen hard 
the bed should have a covering of leaves which are not removed 
until March. This is not to keep the bed from freezing but from 
thawing in warm winter days. Ordinarily tulips are planted .4 to 6 
inches apart each way. 

The single early tulips are commonly used for bedding, and several 
kinds are often planted in one bed, though a single color would, I 
think, be better. They are the first tulips to bloom and are useless 
after the first seacon. They cost from $1.00 to $40.00 per hundred. 

The following varieties will be found satisfactory: 

White.—Duc Van Tholl, Joost van Vondel, La Reine, L’imma- 
culée, Milthiades. 

Rosy.—Cottage Maid, Rosamundi Huyckman, Duc Van Tholl, 
La riante, Mrs. Cleveland. 

Red.—Bacchus, Belle Alliance, Artis, Cramoisi Brilliant, Jules 
Janin. 

Yellow.—Canary Bird, Chrysolora, King of Yellows, Yellow 
Prince, Montresor. 

Red and Yellow.—de Haan, Duchess of Parma, Duc de Berlin, 
Kaiser Kroon, Duc Van Tholl Maximus. 

The double early tulips are not so beautiful as the single ones, 
and I think it is a mistake to use them and miss the delicacy of the 
tulip cup which is spoiled by too many petals. 


Parrot Tulips 


Parrot tulips are large and tall and quite remarkable in color. 

They are more lasting than the single early tulips, often increasing 
from year to year. The ends of their petals are often feathered. 
The price ranges from $1.20 to $27.00 per hundred. 


Darwin Tulips 


These also are fine in color and tall. 

Albert Kellog is rose color. Black Knight is brown black. Bleu 
aimiable is purple. Donders is brown red. La Julipe noir is black. 

There is an almost endless variety of color and price. “The common 
varieties cost 60 cents for ten, others up to $6.00 for ten. 


Single Late Cottage Tulips 


These are the best of all tulips because of their lasting qualities, 
their size (sometimes 3 to 4 feet high), and their distinct beauty. 
They bloom in May when the apples are in bloom. 

Bouton d’or is golden yellow. Bridesmaid opens white and the 
margins turn pink. Carnation is white turning bright rose. 
Gesneriana spathulata is scarlet with blue eye. Retroflexa is bright 
yellow, reflexed petals. Vitellina, sulphur yellow with greenish 
veining, very fine. 

The many species of tulips which are found wild are interesting 
and some of them extremely beautiful. “They are rarely seen but 
should be planted by real enthusiasts. 

These are good to start with: 


T. clusiana, the lady tulip. TT. fosteriana, brilliant scarlet ver- 


T. greigi, low, red with black 


milion with yellow or black center. 
center. TI. Kaufmanniana, the earliest of all tulips. T. oculis solis, 
the sun’s-eye tulip. ‘T. Sprengeri, the latest tulip, scarlet. TT. 
Tubergeniana, very large, scarlet. 

These vary in price from 30 cents to $30.00 for ten. 


Narcissi 


Narcissi are planted in the same way as tulips, except that they 
must not be planted in ground which has been dressed with manure 
within a year or two. 

They last almost forever and should be planted in space where 
they need not be disturbed for many years. They increase in number 
and show no loss of vigor. 

‘There are many varieties of extraordinary beauty and wonderful 
color. Some of them are tall with large trumpets, others short with 
almost no trumpets, as the poet’s narcissus, some are pure yellow, 
others pale cream, cream and yellow, and paper white. 

The single-flowered varieties are most beautiful in form, the 
double ones are little more than buttons. The cheapest varieties cost 
about a dollar a hundred, the newer and rare kinds are often as much 
as $60.00 for ten bulbs. 

The following varieties, all may be called daffodils, are very good: 

Barri conspicuous, pale primrose and deep yellow. Emperor, large 
pure yellow. Empress, yellow and pale cream. Horsfieldi, yellow 
and pale cream. Incomparabilis cynosure, with short cup. Incom- 
parabilis stella, with short cup. Incomparabilis Sir Watkins, with 
short cup. Incomparabilis orange Phoenix and Incomparabilis sulphur 
Phoenix, the commonest form, the only good double Narcissi. Leedsi, 
Mrs. Langtry and N. major. — 

Narcissi : 

Maximus. Poeticus, the poet’s narcissus. Poeticus ornatus, 
Poeticus grandiflorus, larger and later varieties of the poet’s narcissus. 
Jonquils, grandiflorus, single, yellow, several small flowers on a stalk, 
very sweet-scented. 


Spanish and English Iris 


The Spanish and English irises are bulbous irises, and should not 
be forgotten when one is ordering other bulbs. They are easy to 
grow and to plant, and bloom later than the other irises. 

They are very inexpensive, costing only 75 cents a hundred in 
mixture, and when once established they seem to increase rapidly. 

The Spanish irises are small; pale yellow, buff, brown and blue. 

The English irises are larger, deep blue, white and purple. 

In shape they are delicate and graceful, and suggests the orchid. 
The leaves are much like onion leaves. 


Hyacinths 


Hyacinths are popular bedding plants, but they are not so strong 
in color or so beautiful in form as tulips, and are much better in the 
house, where their pale colors and powerful perfume may be enjoyed 
to better advantage than outdoors. “They are even poorer the second 
year than the single early tulips. 

Their colors never seem to fit the exuberance of early spring. 


Crocuses 


Crocuses are indispensable and should have a special lawn to 
themselves. “They can be bought in mixtures for about $3.50 per 
thousand. The named varieties are not particularly distinct, except 
that known as Cloth of Gold, which is the earliest and, because of its 
bright color, the most desirable. 

Plant them in a hole about 2% inches deep anywhere and they are 
sure to appear for two or three years, after that they may fail, 
especially if they are planted in a lawn. 


xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


w CORRESPONDENCE © 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ”’ 


AN ARTISTIC STUDY LAMP 


a ILL you advise me,” writes a cor- 

respondent from Rhode Island, F. 

D. G., “as to buying a lamp for my 
library that will be pleasing in outline and give 
a good light for the children to study by? The 
shade for the lamp is also difficult to decide 
upon as they are so gaudy in color. I prefer 


A modern student lamp 


to use kerosene oil if I can find a tasteful 
shape in a lamp.” 

‘The acorn design, shown in the illustration, 
is the most pleasing one for the library of this 
correspondent and it may be had in a soft, 
old brass finish. If the room is very large a 
double fixture is better. This is made with 
the same standard but with twin lights sup- 
plied by a center oil tank. ‘The cost for the 
double lamp is $22.00 and for the single, 
$18.00. A plain light green shade, commonly 
called celadon, gives the best light for study- 
ing, and is also attractive with almost every 
kind of furnishings. 


PAPERING A DARK HALL 


“The hallway in my apartment is rather 
dark and is now covered with a deep red paper. 
‘The rooms opening out of it have green, blue 
and brown for their walls and I am puzzled 
to know what to do, in the event of my land- 


lord giving me a new paper, to improve every- 
thing. Please suggest something that will 
make less distracting the outlook from the hall, 
and that will at the same time give a cheerful 
tone to the hall itself.”—I. T., New Jersey. 

It would be worth while to re-paper this 
hall to secure the conditions desired by its 
tenants. If it is very small, a plain paper will 
be the best choice, or one of the texture papers 
in fine lines. ‘The “‘oatmeal”’ papers are taking 
the place of the old ingrain papers, as the 
former do not fade quickly. A higher grade 
in a plain paper is the silk fiber. Sometimes 
a narrow stripe or a closely set all-over pattern 
is a better choice than a plain paper. ‘These 
points may be settled by trying several samples 
against the wall. The color to keep to is a 
warm buff, light enough to give a feeling of 
sunlight in the inclosed space. 


WALL TINTS FOR A CUBAN HOME 


“You will oblige me greatly by suggesting 
a color scheme for the first floor of my new 
home, such as may be made with water-color 
tints, as this seems the most suitable for the 
Cuban climate. ‘There is an entrance hall, a 
back hall with staircase, parlor, dining-room 
and office.”—A. G. 

When the wall decoration is limited in this 
way to tinting the safest plan is use either buff 
or light green, as red, blue and yellow are too 
harsh. For the rooms described, the hall, 
dining-room and office may be in buff, chang- 
ing the tone very slightly if some variation is 
preferred, and making the parlor wall a soft, 
light green. ‘To secure the right tones, even 
in only these two colors, there must be skilful 
mixing of the color with white to get a light 
enough tint. As the floor of the hall is laid 
in colored tile in soft shades of terra cotta it 
would add to the wall effect if a stencilled 
border in the same colors was applied over the 
tint just above the baseboard, at the sides and 
under the picture-molding. 


BATHROOM WALLS 


An inquiry for a practical treatment for the 
walls of a bathroom comes from a reader in 
Idaho, Mrs. J. K. H. In reply, this depart- 
ment recommends oil paint in a deep cream or 
white, to match the woodwork, putting on 
enough coats to make a solid finish. Over 
this a stencil pattern in light blue, light green, 
pink or yellow may be applied, fitting it into 
the spaces to make panels. Such a border, 
however, cannot always be adopted, and some- 
times it is necessary to use some kind of a 
covering to protect an imperfect surface. If 
a wall-paper is chosen there are pretty designs 
quite different from the old-fashioned tile 
effects, and in the better grade of papers they 
wear very well. A thin oil-cloth made es- 
pecially for bathroom walls is now made in un- 
glazed patterns and this makes quite an ideal 
appearance. Instead of a colored wall in a 
bathroom, the cream-white is now preferred in 
the best homes. 

(Continued on page vt) 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


PLANTING BULBS IN THE WILD GARDEN 


. AN I plant bulbs under the trees in my 
wild garden? What kinds shall I 
use?” F.C. H. Your wish to plant 

bulbs in the wild garden is a reasonable one 

and easy to accomplish. 

No flowers are more beautiful or give more 
joy than those of early spring. A snowdrop 
poking its head through the leaves in February 
means more to the spirit than all the purple 
and gold of September, and the first crocus, 
and the first daffodil mark the beginning of 
spring with more certainty than the calendar. 

Planted in the wild garden, bulbs need 
almost no care. In fact, I think they do better 
if they are left alone. A rocky bank sloping 
gently to the southeast and shaded by decid- 
uous trees like the maple, birch and oak, with 
a dogwood here and there, is the best place 
for such a garden. 

The protection from wind afforded by the 
bank and the trees and the light shade which 
the latter cast are a help to the bulbs, no less 
than the carpet of leaves which fall from the 
trees above and keep them from freezing and 
thawing during the winter. 

This is the season to start the wild garden, 
for spring blooming things can seldom be 
planted except in the autumn. 

The soil should be good and rich but not 
heavily manured. It had better be spaded 
over to make it soft and mellow and easy to 
plant. The slope is an advantage because it is 
warmer, and the flowers will be earlier, and 
because the water will not stand there in 
winter to rot the bulbs, or the crowns of other 
plants. 

At the bottom of the bank I should plant 
masses of winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis), 
snowdrops, crocuses, in several varieties, 
grape hyacinths, blood roots, scilla, chiono- 
doxa and trillium. Already we have pro- 
vided for continuous bloom from _ earliest 
spring to the middle of May! These should 
be planted in irregular masses of two or three 
hundred bulbs with spaces left between for 
other things. 

Higher up on the bank I should have the 
two beautiful early tulips, T. greigi and T. 
Kaufmanniana, with dodecatheon, dog’s-tooth 
violets, and fritillary, leucojum vernum, orni- 
thogallum, and puschkinia, planted in the 
same large masses with spaces between. 

‘Toward the top of the bank is the place to 
put all the daffodils, narcissi and jonquils, 
with some of the late cottage tulips if it be 
not too shady. 

The spaces which have been left between 
should be filled with ferns, anemones, merten- 
sia, myrtle, pachysandra, etc., which will cover 
the ground in the summer making it green 
and pleasant to look at while the leaves of the 


bulbs are dying, and giving some protection 
to the bulbs. 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN SEOMES “AND GARDENS xv 


Once planted this garden must be left alone. 
No work can be done there, except pulling 
up weeds, that will not injure some of the 
bulbs, and if any of the plants die out or are 


crowded out after a time, they can be replaced. 


This is much better than planting bulbs in 
the grass, as is sometimes recommended, 
because when in the grass their leaves are sure 
to be cut before they have ripened, which is an 
injury to next year’s flowers. 

Any neglected wild spot can be used for 
a small spring garden—the expense will be 
little and the satisfaction great. 

A grassy walk through the woods with bulbs 
planted on each side is ideal. Any tree on a 
small place can become a forest large enough 
for a woodland walk, if one uses imagination. 
Imagine the woods and the walk, but let the 
flowers be real and abundant! 


PLANTS FOR A HEDGE 


‘We want to have a hedge around our 
place, which is in a small town in the northern 
part of Connecticut. The neighbors say that 
privet is not hardy, and we do not want to 
wait for hemlock. Can you suggest any- 
thing?” 

The privet would probably be hardy in 
northern Connecticut, though it might be 
killed to the ground in a severe winter. 

I would suggest that you use buckthorn 
(Rhamnus catharticus) which is absolutely 
hardy even in Minnesota and farther north. 

Buckthorn is probably the best deciduous 
shrub we have to use for clipped hedges. It 
is better than privet in other ways than hardi- 
ness. Its foliage is no less handsome, and its 
tough short branches make a stronger and 
more impenetrable hedge. 

Remember in clipping the hedge, to keep 
it always wider at the bottom than at the top. 
This gives the branches near the ground a 
better chance to grow, so that it will not get 
thin at the bottom. All hedges should be 
wedge-shaped or conical in section. It is a 
must better shape than the square flat-topped 
hedge. 


OLD MILLSTONES 


“There is an old millstone near the grist- 
mill which my father used to own, and I have 
often wondered if I could not use it some- 
where about my new place. It is four feet 
in diameter, and must weight half a ton. The 
sentiment connected with it is considerable, 
because it has ground all the grain used in the 
country round about, up to thirty years ago.” 

Your millstone should certainly be rescued 
and put to some use. Miuillstones vary in 
different parts of the country, not only in 
the kind of stone of which they were made, 
but in size and in the lines which are cut on 
them to feed the grain in. Sometimes they are 
coarse reddish granite, sometimes a finer gray 
granite. It would be interesting to know 
whether they were made in the localities 
where they are found, or whether they were 
imported. “The so-called French stones, which 
are built up of many small pieces cleverly 
fitted and bound together by iron bands, are 
made of soft buff-colored stone, which dis- 
integrates rapidly when exposed to the weather. 
These, of course, are useless for garden deco- 
ration. 

Your stone might be raised on a rough 
block, making a sort of table for afternoon 
tea, or for work in the garden; a small jet of 
water falling into the hole in the center 
would be an added charm, or the stone might 
be used as a base for a sun-dial pedestal, 
making the pedestal of stone, or of bronze, 
or, possibly, of wrought iron. 

Millstones make very convenient carriage- 
blocks, and, in these days of low automobiles, 


Cottage 


Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, 
homeseekers and investors by far the 
most complete collection of plans ever 

brought out, while the price is so low as to 
place them within the reach of all who have 
an interest in the building of homes. The 
designs are compiled with a view to represent- 
ing all grades of cost, from the simplest types 
of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to 
the comparatively elaborate structures reaching 
to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the 
fourth series, so that examples are given cover- 
ing nearly every requirement, with respect to 
cost, in inexpensive homes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs 
with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, 
most of which have been erected, ranging in 
cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details 
of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to 
convenient scale, and accompanied by brief 
specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page 
plates of floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 2 Low Cost Houses 
with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected 
designs of cottages originally costing from 
$1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, 
floor plans and details of construction, all drawn 
to scale, together with brief descriptions and, 
in many instances, full specifications and 
detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 
full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
details. 


No. 3. Modern Dwellings 
with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic 


suburban dwellings erected in various parts of 
the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 
to $7,000; embracing floor plans, elevations 
and constructive details, showing interior and 
exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together 
with extracts from the specifications. Illus- 
trated by means of half-tone reproductions, 
from photographs of the completed structures, 
and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- 
tions and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes 
with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- 
tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from 
about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
elevations and constructive details, showing 
interior and exterior finish, a!l drawn to scale, 
together with extracts from the specifications. 
Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions 
from photographs of the completed structures, 
and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations 
and details. 


One Dollar Each, Postpaid 


(SOLD SEPARATELY) 


MUNN & CO. 


Publishers of Scientific American 
361 Broadway, New York 


they are just the right height to step on from 
the running-board. 

I have seen then used as door-steps, but their 
round shape does not fit them very well for 
that purpose. 

It might be used at the intersection of two 
paved paths, or as central point in a paved 
court. In such a position it would be inter- 
esting to have the points of the compass 
marked on it by means of bronze plugs or 
rosettes at the edge. [his suggests its use as 
the ornamental base of a small flagstaff. 

You are lucky to have such a stone, because 
they are being picked up rapidly by owners of 
country estates. 


THE WILD CHERRY TREE 


“There are several medium-sized wild 
cherry trees near our house, and because they 
give the only shade we have, we hesitate to 
cut them down, but we want to replace them 
with maples.” 

I do not understand your desire to cut 
down the uncommon wild cherries, and to 
replace them with the ubiquitous maple. 

The wild cherry is an exceedingly handsome 
tree, and a good one to have near the house, 
because it does not give a dense, oppressive 
shade, but carries its leaves well out on its 
slender branches like an elm. It is graceful 
at maturity, as its delicate masses of foliage 
sway and recover under a stiff breeze. 

Its spring and summer color is good, and 
it is one of the last trees to turn in the fall, 
when it assumes a pale lemon-yellow color. 

The fruits ripening in August give another 
interest to the tree, as they are good to eat, 
and attract the birds. When the cherries are 
properly treated they make a pleasant tonic 
cordial. 

The wood is to-day the the rarest and 
most valuable of all our North American 
woods. It is much used for furniture and for 
interior trim. 

The disease known as black rust does 
affect it, and it is the regular abode of the 
tent caterpillar, but both these troubles are 
possible to control. Certainly such a fine 
tree is worth much effort to keep it in good 
trim, and it is probably less trouble than an 
elm tree when the bettles are thick. 


ae MODERN HOMES|® 


with Colonial (Georgian) details, but 
arranged with modern comforts and 
the completeness of the twentieth oentury. 


Written @ Illustrated by E.S. CHILD, Architect 


AL COLLECTION of designs of houses 


They show large, correctly drawn verspec- 
tives, full floor plans, and complete descrip- 
tions, with estimates of cost. The designs are 
new, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff 
nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but 
by anarchitect. They combine beauty of ex- 
terior with complete and convenient interiors, 
with kitchens, laundries, pantries and closets 
carefully and skilfully considered, 

If you are at all interested in the subject, 
you vill enjoy this publication. 


Price, postpais, $2.00 
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York 


AmericanHomes & 
Gardens & & RB and 
Scientific American 


sent to one address 


for one ZOE One year. 
REGULARLY $6 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


Multiplication of Power 


There is no higher efficiency in the world 
than that of the American business man. 


The multiplication of power in a business 
man—if he has the ability within him— 
depends upon the zucreased number of people 
whom he can, by personal contact, interest in 
his purposes. 


He does this by telephone, and the 
multiplication of the telephone’s usefulness 
depends on the increased number of persons 
whom he can reach. 


In 1890 the Bell System had 200,000 
subscribers’ telephones in use. As late as 
1899—ten years ago—it had only 500,000. 


To-day it has 4,400,000—one for every 
twenty persons in this country—and is increas- 
ing at the rate of 500,000 a year 


Has the vast development of industries 
since 1890—the greatest period of advance in 
the world’s history—when America has ad- 
vanced faster than all the rest of the world, 
been the force that has built up this great, 
unified, efficient telephone service; or 


Has the increased ability of the American 
business man to bring people to him from 
every locality, far and near, over the Bell 
Telephone System, been the cause of the multi- 
plication of his power and his principality? 


Whichever the cause and whichever the 
effect, the advancement of one is inseparably 
linked with the advancement of the other. 


The business man’s Bell Telephone, with 
its long distance and emergency advantages, 
is his most precious asset next to his capital 
itself. 


The Bell Long Distance Telephone means as much to the home 


as it does to the office. 


It is the most marvelous conven- 


ience of modern times—if not all time—added to home life. 


The American Telephone and Telegraph Company 
And Associated Companies 


Every Bell Telephone Is a Long Distance Station 


Heat @ Hot Water Any Time 


Without a Night Fireman 


made possible bya WILKS WATER HEATER in your greenhouse, 
barns, garage, brooders or anywhere that hot water and heat are de- 
sired. The WILKS IMPROVED COAL MAGAZINE is the only one that 
feeds itselfand regulates itself, keeping the fire 10 consecutive hours, 
thus doing away with need of night firing and making 


WILKS Water Heaters 


as easily cared for as a kitchen range. Any desired degree of heat or 
temperature can be maintained. We guarantee these heaters to work 
right and give satisfaction if installed according to our plain directions. 


Anyone can install. 


WILKS HEATERS are strongly made of high 


grade steel and will not crack, as they have no sections—no bolts to 
loosen. Tested to Ioo lbs. pressure. Successfully used for 50 years. 


Write for Book 


giving size, price list, description, etc. In your 
letter state what you want a heater for and 


we will advise you what heater is best for your particular requirements. 


S. WILKS MFG. CO., 3554 Shields Avenue, CHICAGO 


Our well-equipped 
Book Department 
is prepared to rec- 
ommend & supply 


MUNN & CO. 


Relating to Archi- 


tecture, Ceramics, 
Decoration, Rugs, 
Furniture, etc. :: :: 


NEW YORK 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
(Continued from page xiv) 
GLASS TOP FOR A BUREAU 


To protect the delicate surface of a highly 
polished mahogany bureau, as asked by R. T., 
Nova Scotia, a piece of plate-glass is cut the 
exact size, with the edges curved or left 
straight like the wood, and laid over it. Some- 
times a handsome piece of lace is laid under- 
neath the glass. If the mahogany, however, 
is finished in oil and rubbed down well it 
will stand a good deal of hard wear without 
any further protection than a linen scarf, and 
this may be as decorative as practicality will 
permit. 


FRAMING JAPANESE PHOTOGRAPHS 


An idea for framing some hand-colored 
Japanese photographs has been asked for by 
G. D. ‘These may have mats made of the 
Japanese wood-paper that comes in a variety 
of shades, with a frame covered with the same 
material. Of course the color of the mat 
and frame should repeat the predominating 
tone in the picture. Another frame that suits 
these foreign subjects is a gray maple that 
resembles a bamboo in its finish. 


A DINING-ROOM PROBLEM 


“We have taken a house for the fall in 
which the dining-room is paneled with dark 
brown oak to the ceiling. The spaces are 
large and we are afraid the change from a 
papered room will not be agreeable. We have 
a good set of furniture in English oak, but 
can add new curtains and a new rug. What 
shall we select to help out the severity of this 
room? ”’—T. F., of Pennsylvania. 

The paneled dining-room will be a very de- 
lightful room if attention is paid to color 
effect and interesting patterns in the floor 
covering, window hangings and _portieres. 
Another item that that will prove helpful will 
be a large screen covered with a picture tapes- 
try. The china closet may be arranged with 
pieces of glass and china so that these will 
also contribute to the general interest. If 
there is no plate-shelf a few pieces of copper 
and brass may be fastened above the doorways. 
Over-curtains to draw at night made of the 
Portuguese brocades are suggested for their 
bold, effective colorings. 


JUST PUBLISHED 


TWO FAMILY @ 
TWIN HOUSES 


ONSISTING of a variety of 
designs contributed by leading ar- 
chitects in all parts of the country, 

showing the latest ideas in planning this 
class of dwellings in city, village and sub- 
urbs, together with very complete de- 
scriptions covering all the latest improve- 
ments in sanitation, heating, lighting, etc. 
In presenting this collection of designs the 
editor has had in mind the large demand 
for improved house accommodations 
on comparatively small lot areas, and 
has endeavored to collate designs from 
all parts of the country, representing 
the handling of the subject by practis- 
ing architects in their efforts to meet 
the needs of their clients in this respect. 


Two Detailed Specifications and 
Sixty Designs 


Elaborately illustrated and accompanied by full 


descriptive text. Size, 8x10'% inches, bound in 
illustrated board. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


MUNN @ CO., 361 Broadway, New York 


September, i909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVli 


and Plant Farr’s Peonies 


These queens of the hardy garden never do so well as when planted in 
early fall. Planted now, they will bloom next spring; planted in the spring 
they will be a full year later in blooming. No flower quite equals them in 
splendor and stateliness—they give all the charm of the old-fashioned 
garden to any collection of plants. My collection of Peonies has come to be 
known all over the world as the most varied and dependable to be found. 
I have more than 100,000 strong roots ready now, in some 420 kinds. 


Let Me Send You My Catalogue 


of Irises, Peonies, Phloxes and other Hardy Plant Specialties. It tells 
you how my love for hardy flowers led me to grow them extensively, 
finding health and the joy of living in their care and companionship. All 
of my unequaled assortment of plants are fully described, and when you 
have read the book you will see how thoroughly I have come to know the 
flowers I love. Send today for free copy. 


IRISES, PHLOXES and ORIENTAL POPPIES, 


as well as Peonies, should be planted at once for best results. All are 
Specialties with me. 


BERTRAND H. Farr, 809E Penn St., Reading, Pa. 
WYOMISSING NURSERIES 


Every day is a fine day with a 
Krauss Outdoor Sleeping Coach 


SAVE THE BABY 


G But for the means of taking baby out-of-doors in all seasons many little lives 
are sacrificed. 
G A mother’s idea not only saved her own baby but many others. 


The Krauss Outdoor 
SLEEPING COACH 


—an open carriage on fine days—yet permits taking the baby out in any weather. 
@ The sliding curtains protect from wind, cold or dust, but admit the fresh air so 
essential in building a robust child. 


@ A comfortable, healthful crib on wheels. The baby may sleep out-of-doors 
in perfect safety. € Best materials used throughout, including best hair mattress. 


White enamel body with green denim curtains $25 
With leather cloth curtains $30 


Write for booklet containing illustrations and testimonials 


KRAUSS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 


5990 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 


ASBURY PARK,N. J. 


HOTEL WINDSOR 


Pelee Aw EIN UO EA ND eR GC Ke St RE Eb 


Accommodations for 150 


OPEN JUNE 19 


A refined patronage; superior table; moderate rates; near beach. 
Spend your vacation with us in the midst of all pastimes and 


pleasures. BOATING, FISHING, BATHING, ETC. This 


is the hotel you have been looking for. Write for particulars to 


FRANK M. | HANI GAN, Proprietor 


FORMERLY OF HOTEL NORMANDIE, NEW YORK CITY 
TELEPHONE CONNECTION 


XViil 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


As to Perfection 


One of the users of our pump in writing to us 
to tell us what he thought of it, used a phrase 
that set us to thinking. He said: ‘It is as 
perfect as things in this world can ever be.” 
That is the sort of praise a merchant likes 
to hear. Such a phrase shows that hearty 
good-will which can only come from entire 
satisfaction. And that is what the Rider- 
Ericsson Pump is made to give its users. We 
are quite ready to use the ‘treason why”’ style 


of advertising, except that in our case itis not 
Wise for us to confine our statements to a few 
good points; we are not trying to sell our 


pumps because of a few points of superiority 
over some other contrivance, but because of 
their all-around rightness for their work, 


We have a pump that will lift, drive and 
deliver water in the easiest, simplest, cheapest 
and most durable way. If you need such a 
pump we will be glad to go into every detail 
with you. 

He who has watched the failing power of 
the windmill—while the breeze was slowly 
falling—and who had intended to use an 
extra supply of water on garden or lawn— 
will appreciate the value of the Hot-Air Pump 
—which is always ready and at your service. 
And when so vital a matter as the water- 
supply for house and barn depends on the 
pump it is worth much to have one which is 
“as perfect as things in this world can ever 
be ” 


Be sure that the name “neeco-RIDER or “neeco-ERICSSON appears upon the pump you 
purchase. This name  aausfator SLUSH. . protects you against worthless 


imitations. 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our 


nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality who will sell you only 


the genuine pump. 


Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. 


Write for Catalogue E, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RIDER~ERICSSON 
ENGINE Co. 


(Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco” Electric Pump.) 


means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder 


combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. 


the most unique line on the market. 
Grates, etc. 


Silica 


Dixon’s cuits Paint Lasts 


And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. 
have inert pigments to do with it? 


35 Warren Street 
239 Franklin Street 

40 Dearborn Street 
40 North 7th Street 
234 Craig Street, West 
22 Pitt Street 


ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? 
The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect 
Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a 
Our 75-page catalog, which will be sent free (enclose ten cents to 


cover postage), also gives an illustrated list of Gas and Electric Fixtures 
We are manufacturers of Tiles, 


WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept. D, Atlanta, Ga. 


New York 
Boston 

Chicago 
Philadelphia 
Montreal, P. Q. 
Sydney, N. S. W. 


ir Pun.p 


. Structural& Ornamental Steel Work 


FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. 
SEND (oR CATALOGUES. 


& 


What 
Our Booklet 106B will tell you. 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 


| the best—not experimenters 


|} Main Office: KENT, OHIO 


“The Home of Tree Surgery”’ 


Save the Lives of Your Trees— 
They Are too Precious to Sacrifice 


If you are fortunate enough to have trees about your place, no doubt you have 
come to love them as living things. Tender memories of those who planted or 
have cared for them probably cluster around many if not all of your tree friends. 

Trees are nolongercommon or cheap, and you could not replace the fine old 
ones at any reasonable outlay—even if you could, the substitutes would not be the 
same to you; they would lack the associations that made the old ones so precious. 

Davey men and Davey methods can save your trees, if there is anything at all 
left to work on. Many of the achievements of the Davey corps of tree surgeons 
are little less than marvelous—healthy, hearty trees, that a few years ago 
were only shells, are living monuments to the efficiency of the Davey treatment. 


John Davey, the Father of Tree Surgery 
Has Given the World a New Profession 


If you have to engage a lawyer, you want a successful one; if you 
must call a physician or surgeon, you want one in whom youcan place 
absoluteconfidence; if you employ a tree surgeon, you should have 
or men whose reputation in the 
profession has not been established in practice. 

If you wish to save your trees, you need the services of tree 
surgeons whocan give results. The Davey experts alonecan thoroughly 
satisfy you. We are just now preparing a beautiful new booklet, which 
will bea veritable delight to the tree-lover, fully explaining our work. 
Its cost is too great to permit promiscuous distribution but if you have 
trees and are interested in their preservation, we shall be glad to 
mail you a copy without charge. 1 
booklet, for prompt attention addressing Desk 2. 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. 
(Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry) 


JOHN DAVEY 
Father of Tree'Surgery 


Send us your name and address today, if you wish this 


Eastern Office: TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 
Address Nearest Office 


HOME-MADE TOOLS FOR THE 
AMATEUR GARDENER 


By Ida D. Bennett 


NE of the difficulties which confronts 
the amateur gardener in the laying out 
and working of the garden arises from 

the lack of proper or convenient tools. It is 
not always possible to have all one would wish 
in this line, especially if one has but a limited 
amount to spend on the garden and wishes to 
apply a large portion of this to the purchase 
of plants, seeds and bulbs; it, therefore, be- 
comes necessary to economize, as far as pos- 
sible, in the purchase of other accessories. 
There are, however, few tools beyond the 
spade, rake and trowel and a good reliable 
wheelbarrow but what can be evolved by one’s 
own ingenuity and skill from the material al- 
ready at hand on the place. 

One of the first things which will be needed 
in the planting of the garden will be the gar- 
den line and reel; this may be substituted for 
by a ten-cent ball of wool twine and a couple 
of pointed stakes a couple of feet long, but 
for work not involving too many feet the pole 
and pegs will be found more practical; this is 
produced by taking a long strip of wood two 
or three inches in diameter and boring holes 
in it at a distance of a foot apart along the 
entire length. In the first hole at one end 
a stake two feet is fitted, the hole for this 
being large enough for the peg to work 
freely in its socket, the head of the peg being 
cut away enough to leave a shoulder for the 
pole to rest on and the extreme end having 
a nail driven through to prevent the pole 
slipping off. The remaining holes may be 
somewhat smaller, as the marking pegs do not 
need to be as large as the stakes at the head, 
and may be tapered somewhat at the end so 
that it may be driven in firmly, or it may 
have a shoulder and be secured in the same 
way as the head peg, but the tapered peg is 
the more simple. 

In use the head peg is driven firmly into 
the ground where the center of a round bed 
is to be, the marking peg inserted in a hole 
which corresponds with the desired diameter 
of the bed—three feet if the bed is to be six 
feet in diameter—and the point held firmly on 
the ground as the end is carried around the 
circumference of the bed. Where the bed 
forms the center of a circular garden the peg 
should be removed a distance of three feet or 
more, according to the width desired for the 
paths and these marked out in the same way. 
Nor is the marking out of round beds all which 
may be accomplished by this handy tool, as 
straight beds may also be marked by setting 
the stake at one corner and the marking peg at 
the other and marking off distances by the 
figures on the pole. 

An oval bed presents more difficulties to the 
amateur than most any other form, but may 
be. easily managed by the use of a line and 
two stakes. First find the length and di- 
ameter of the bed desired and drive two stakes 
in each side of the long way of the bed a dis- 
tance from the edge according to whether the 
bed is to be a broad or narrow oval. The 
farther the stakes are set from the edge the 
broader will be the oval. For instance, if a 
six-foot-long oval is desired, setting the stakes 
a foot from either end and using a _ cord 
eleven feet long will give an oval three and a 
half feet wide—a very pretty size. ‘The cord 
is made long enough to go around these 
stakes and reach to the outside of the bed on 
one side only and tied securely, so that it can 
not stretch or slip, and the pegs should be 
driven into the ground very firmly. The cord 
is slipped over these pegs, not attached in any 
way, and a marking peg slipped inside the 
cord and the cord drawn out to its limit and 
the ground marked in the usual way. ‘The 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


farther the pegs are set from the edge of the 
beds the wider will the oval be, so that beds of 
almost any diameter, from a circle down to 
a narrow oval, may be marked in this way. 
Sometimes in laying out the garden it is 
best to mark the paths and let the beds fall 
within this circumscribed area, and a tool for 
this purpose sometimes comes very handy, and 
one may be made of a long pole with a three- 
four- or five-foot piece made to slide thereon 
by cutting a slot in it large enough to hold the 
pole and let it work freely. In this cross- 


piece holes are bored as in the pole for mark- Gurney Heaters are more and more preferred as their worth becomes 


appreciated. It is the unanimous verdict of all who use them that they combine 


ing beds and sharp pegs thrust to mark the ihe a greater degree of durability, economy and efficiency than any other heater. 
limits of the paths. oe ae a Back of each Gurney Heater is the best mechanical and engineering skill, 
A handy tool in the garden is a carrier for combined with high-grade materials. No part is slighted in the making; hence, 
lance echich toh = Ales ohench ae ek the Gurney gives uniform, dependable service. 
plants which are to be move Tom! WOLK Dene : é The Gurney Heater is made for either hot water or steam. It consumes 
to house or garden, or from hotbed to garden. - less fuel than others; zssures complete combustion and an even and sure circu- 
This consists of a thin, but strong board for aS A lation of heat. hs 2. 
bottom with narrow strips of wood nailed on be See that the Gurney is installed and avoid disappointment. If you wish 
: absolute evidence of Gurney superiority, ask your neighbor who owns one. 
the sides and a handl de from barrel hoops : sree 2 
= SSS LET EE CLOTS ALLE OOP, : s Can be installed in old or new buildings without inconvenience or disturbance. 
nailed securely to the bottom and sides. It = Send for Illustrated Catalogue or consult your local dealer. 
should be at least a foot wide and eighteen ce} ie / : 
inches long and can be made in a few minutes, GURNEY HEATER MFc (MPANY 


and will save a great many steps. It will be NEW YORK BRANCH: 188-200 Franklin St., cor. Pearl 
better before using the hoops to soak them ae es 12 East 42d St., New York Citv. BOSTON, MASS. 

a few hours in water so that they will bend Distributors in the leading cities of the country. 

readily without cracking. “Then as they dry 
they will fit to position and prove very dur- 
able. 

For marking long lines of planting where 
the stake and cord are necessary it will be 
found helpful if bits of white twine, cotton 
or even paper are fastened to the cord at the 
distance apart the plants are to stand—nine 
inches, a foot or two feet—whatever the dis- 
tance may be. Gardeners often use a long 
pole with a crosspiece at one end with pegs in 
each end of this to mark off two rows at a 
time, this is dragged along the ground, mark- 
ing the rows, but unless one is a remarkable 
straight walker the results are not likely to be 
satisfactory, and uncertain, wavering lines of 
planting are far from attractive. 

A handy and indispensable tool for pressing 
down the soil over newly sown seeds is made 
from a smooth board of any desired size— 
about six by ten for the hotbed, ten by twelve 
or more for outside work—with a handle on ¢ 
one side made of a straight strip of inch- 
wood six or eight inches long and two wide, Under-Lac 
the ends curved down to about half an inch 
thick to admit of screwing to the board. 


HAT kind of luck do you have trying to get fine results from varnish or shellac? 
Did you ever get hold of a varnish that would dry hard in half an hour 
and wouldn’t show scratches and hee! prints? 
Did you ever see a shellac that wouldn’t lap, pull or crawl before you could get 
it spread? 
Varnish is too long at it. Everything has a chance to stick to it and spoil all 


hope of a fine polish. 
Shellac—spite of all you can do—dries too quick. Gets a mottled look, con- 
siderably worse than no finish. But T7y Under-/ac. 
You'll have a finish that will do your heart good. 
Brilliant, lasting—all the fine effect of expensive, hand- 
rubbed work, with little cost and no trouble. 


is made from pure gums and denatured alcohol. 
Is easily and quickly applied with no lapping, 


This is a little thing, but one that comes very pulling or crawling. Dries ard ina half hour 
handy and if it is always at hand then the and won’t show marks. 
sowing will be properly done; otherwise this ae a esa you would use shellacl ! 

= varnish. it more artistic effect an at /ess 
ea HAS YA: of the work may be expense. Over stain, dye, filler or on bare wood. 
slighted. : And it has absolutely no equal for preserving My | AS one ona 

Though not exactly a tool, but an appli- and beautifying linoleum, oil-cloth, etc. eta 8 NE ea) 
ance, the manure barrel is a necessity in every ol 
garden and for this a strong oil or molasses A Test P ackage Free 
barrel should be selected. It should be given Send this coupon for a free sample of Under- 
a coat or two of waterproof paint inside and ee P poe hes we ce at our Pe: ace 
. ° . se 1t and we Know no ing can ever take its piace 

out, and be fitted with 4 spigot on the es one for you. We are sure of the outcome if you just 
to the bottom, and it will make or the accept our free-test offer. Don’t you think it’s 
longevity of the barrel if the bottom is re- worth a two-cent stamp and a minute’s time right 
inforced with a coating of cement, as this now? Here’s the coupon. 
will probably have to be done sooner or later, Sai@ johnsone Son 


as barrels used for this purpose are prone to : ; 
decay, but properly cared for will last for FE Racine, Wis: 
years, it will be found much easier to do it Hiduogiewe 
while the barrel is sound and good than after 
the bottom is on the point of falling out. 
Use a mixture of three parts sharp sand to 
one of cement, mix with water, using it quite 
stiff, and place about an inch in the bottom 
of the barrel, tamping it down until the wa- 
ter rises to the surface; when set, but before 
it becomes dry, give a second coat of clear 
cement, bringing it well up around the sides 
and about the spigot, if a wooden one is used, 
but not about an iron one. 

In using the barrel place clean straw in 
the bottom—enough to come up above the 
spigot—and fill with manure to the top and 
then with water. The barrel should be placed 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


A Soda Cracker 1s Known 
by the 


Company it Keeps 


It is the most natural thing in the world for 
exposed crackers to partake of the flavor of 
goods ranged alongside. In other words, a 
soda cracker is known by the company it has 


kept. On the other hand 
Uneeda Biscuit 


have been in no company but shezr own. 
When you open a package you find them so 
oven-fresh that they almost snap between your 
fingers as you take them from the package. 


¢ 


a Package 
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


wm Practical Steam and == 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


By ALFRED G. KING 
402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations 


Price $3.00 


An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how toinstall heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 
together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. i 

This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 
text, diagrams and illustrations. 


y I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. 


VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Héating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 
XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. 


Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Tasting of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 


ee a 
American Homes and Gardens & 
$5.00 § 


i me iy 5 will be sent to 
and Scientific American weaddeeaitee Regular Price, $6.00 
ER OLOL LOLOL OLOLOLOL LOLOL OL OLOLOL OL OL OTOL OL OTOL LL OLOLO LOLOL OL OLOLOLS 


cor 
ie 
ce 
ice 
ies 
ie 
© 


in a convenient place and on a support high 
enough to set a watering-pot under the spigot. 
The bottom of the barrel should not rest di- 
rectly on the box or whatever is used to sup- 
port it, but have three or four tile inserted 
under the rim of the bottom; this allows the 
air to circulate under and prevents the decay, 
and if the manure barrel is kept in order from 
year to year it is ready for use in the spring, 
and there is that much less to do and provide, 
and the cost of a barrel saved will buy a new 
rose or other desired plant. 


THE USE OF WALL-PAPER 


By Walter A. Dwyer 


PROSAIC subject, to be sure! A half 
dozen rolls of wood-pulp paper, printed 
in colors and slapped upon the wall 

with a paste-brush, by a man in white over- 
alls and jumper, But is this all? It may 
be that it is high time we gave the matter 
more attention. The influence of our sur- 
rounding is potent upon us all, and harm- 
ony and art, or discord and garishness, on 
the walls of the rooms in which we live, may 
affect us more than we imagine. And, anyway, 
why not have a pretty home, while we're 
about it, if a little study is all that is needed ? 
It wont cost a cent more. 

From a decorative point of view no part of 
the interior of the American home is more im- 
portant than the walls; no part of the house 
can be more quickly or cheaply transformed 
and beautified. 

Wall-paper as a decorative material is ceas- 
ing to be regarded with disrespect in this 
country. We find it everywhere, even in the 
mansions of the wealthy, and the most mag- 
nificent of our metropolitan hotels. We find 
it in the White House and in the Harlem 
flat. ‘The proprietors of the new Hotel Astor, 
seeking in vain for an appropriate decoration 
for one of their halls, finally secured a charm- 
ing result by means of a special wall-paper 
of the flock variety, made to order for them 
by a Buffalo firm. It is in old rose and soft 
olive, bearing the thistle and crest of the 
Astors. We need none of us be ashamed of 
using wall-papers. 

As a matter of fact, our modern wall-papers 
are the products of trained and artistic minds 
and hands. Designers, colorists and manu- 
facturers are men who love their profession, 
and work with high ideals. ‘They are doing 
the best the public demand will permit. 

In considering the question of the selection 
and use of wall-papers, I will touch but 
briefly on the practical and sanitary side, and 
will deal rather with the artistic—color, pat- 
tern, methods of hanging, and prevailing 
fashions. 

First, a word as to the practical side. Never 
employ a poor workman. He can spoil the 
finest paper by inaccuracy, slovenliness, or 
poor judgment in hanging. Insist upon his 
using a paste that will not sour or mold. 
There are sanitary preparations on the market 
which will not harbor germs or decomposi- 
tion, and they add but little to the cost. 

The arsenic scare is periodically revived by 
the newspapers, but these isn’t much in it. 
Some States have good laws which reduce the 
danger to a minimum, and a dangerous 
amount of arsenic is seldom found in the col- 
oring matter of wall-papers. A recent investi- 
gation, conducted under the auspices of the 
national Department of Agriculture, revealed 


’ a far less amount of arsenic in a representa- 


tive selection of wall-papers than in black 
stockings, furs, and a dozen other articles. 
And the idea that green wall-paper is less 
healthful than any other color is an exploded 
fallacy. 

In repapering, the removal of the old wall- 


September, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


paper should be insisted upon as a sanitary 
precaution. If the paper-hanger does not own 
a machine for steaming it off, he should be 
compelled to scrape it off by hand. There is 
a law demanding this procedure in some 
States, and many cities, and it is a rule with 
some of the best of the local trades unions. 
The claim that a lining of old wall-paper 
makes the room warmer, or the paper fit bet- 
ter, is simply the pretext of a lazy workman. 

Now as to color. Color is a marvelous 
thing in its effects and results. “The color ex- 
pert is a wizard. Color pleases or annoys, 
according to the way we use it. Wall-paper 
depends largely upon color for its decorative 
effects, and the subject of color is accordingly 
one worthy of our consideration. In fact, it 
is a subject worthy of deep study for its own 
sake; but it would be folly to attempt to treat 
it with anything like thoroughness in a brief 
aricle. A few principles, however, which have 
been determined by study and experience, may 
be referred to for use in our consideration of 
wall-papers. 

In the first place, there are cheerful colors 
and depressing colors, whose effects differ but 
slightly with different individuals. Don’t 
mind that the salesman says; never buy a wall- 
paper whose cloring is naturally unpleasant 
to you. 

Colors may also be divided into warm and 
cold, bright and dull, light and dark. A little 
application of common sense will aid in deter- 
mining which of these to select for a north 
and which for a south room, which for a well 
lighted and which for a poorly lighted room. 

It should be remembered, too, that each 
room is darker toward the ceiling than at the 
floor, and to equalize the light the room 
should be decorated in lighter tones above 
than below, the darkest colors to be used in 
the floor coverings, the dado lighter, the side 
wall lighter still, and ceiling lightest of all. 
Wall-papers sold in combination—side wall, 
border and ceiling to match—are usually 
colored with this principle in view, and the 
borders are usually blended to match the 
colors of the side wall and the lighter ceiling. 

It has also been discovered that the use of 
different colors affects the apparent size of a 
room to a certain extent. In general, the 
cooler colors are receding colors, and the 
Warmer are advancing colors. Blues, greens 
and grays tend to make a room look larger, 
and reds, yellows and orange, smaller, just as 
a black dress makes a woman look smaller 
than a white dress. It is well to bear this in 
mind in selecting papers for large or small 
rooms. 

Certain colors, too, are appropriate to cer- 
tain decorative styles, such as Pompeian red, 
Empire green, Colonial yellow, and the Orien- 
tall colorings. The better class wall-papers are 
usually made in the proper colorings to suit 
period styles in designs. 

In repapering a room that is already fur- 
nished, the main thing, of course, is to select 
colors that harmonize with the rest of the 
room. But the subject of color harmony— 
harmonies of analogy and of contrast—is too 
extensive to touch upon here. Native or culti- 
vated good taste is the safest criterion. In 
the main, fear not the use of much color, but 
abhor discord. 

The different rooms in the house require 
different color treatment, in accordance with 
their character. A light tint is usually prefer- 
able for the parlor, bright effects for the 
chambers, and warmer tones for sitting-room 
and library. But this must also be a matter 
largely of personal judgment. 

It is even more difficult to give advice re- 
garding the selection of the proper patterns, 
beyond the stating of certain definite princi- 
ples. The purchaser is usually confronted 
with so great a variety that selection is diff- 


—— 

zs There is only one ‘‘ Tapestry’’ Brick. It is made ex- 

me = clusively by Fiske & Co., Inc. Our trade mark \ 

= =...|‘ Tapestry’ brands the highest product of our : 
m> skill and 45 years experience. It protects you 
TS: substitution. 

Our beautiful book ‘‘Tapestry Brickwork’’ 
(40 pages, 8 in colors) profusely illustrated 
with the best brickwork of all bees gives 


Full Information Free 


FISKE & CO., Inc. 


1681 Flatiron Building, New York 


You cannot improve on nature’s way. 
The most successful devices for the added 
comfort of mankind are those which rely 
in their operation upon the simple, direct, 
unerring principles of nature. Our way of 
Hot-Water heating a building is like the 
sending of blood through heart and arteries 
to keep the body warm. 


will keep your 
AMERICAN & [DE AL rooms as accurately 
at 72 degrees as 
RADIATORS BOILERS 456 Human body is 
kept at the temperature of 982 degrees. Why 
not heat your building as nature heats your body ? 
It’s the least expense, with least care, and is the 
most healthful known—thatis why IDEAL Boilers ~ S 
and AMERICAN Radiators are used exclusively in hospitals, sani- 
tariums, greenhouses, laboratories, barracks, palatial homes, etc. 


From Annual Report of the U. S. Quartermaster-General : 


All hot-air furnaces as they become worn out are being replaced by modern Steam and Hot-Water systems. 
Upon.the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, the use of Hot Water is retained for all hospitals, 
whatever the latitude.” 


IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are now made in all sizes to fit 
smallest cottages, houses, stores, churches, schools, etc.—OLD or new—FARM or 
city. Prices are now so attractive and results so economical that no one can longer 
afford to put up with 
the nuisance or run 
the risk of old-fash- 
ioned heating. 

These outfits save so 
muchin coal and cleaning, 
in time and temper, that 
they soon pay for them- 


selves. Will notrust out or 
A No. 3015 IDEAL Boilerand 175 ft. A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 400 wear out—are therefore an 


of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, ft. of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, ; 

costing the owner $125, were used costing the owner $215, were used investment, not an Cx DEDSc- 
to steam heat thiS cottage. to Hot-Water heat this cottage. Write us kind of building you 
At these prices the goods can be bought of any reputable, competent fitter. wish to heat. Inquiries cor- 
This did not include cost oflabor, pipe, valves, freight, etc., which installa- dially welcomed. Valuable 
tion is extra and varies according to climatic and other conditions. catalog sent free. 


stowroomm = AMERICANRADIATOR (COMPANY = “2s,2-2.5 


in all large cities 


a ole ae ols offs oe ols ots os obs os ods obs aus oe ks ake als oe offs obs tgs os chs oes 


XXIl 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


September, 1909 


cult, and, of course, the cost enters in. It is 
natural that the best patterns should be found 
in the highest priced papers. Good taste and 
personal preference must be determining fac- 
tors here also. 

A few facts can be mentioned, however, 
which may help in this respect. Vertical 
stripes tend to make a room look higher, and 
horizontal lines, such as chair-rail, plate-rail 
and picture-molding, tend to make it look 
lower and broader. It is the same as in the 
lines of dress, and every woman knows what 
that means. ‘This should be borne in mind in 
papering a low-studded or a small, high- 
studded room. 

The size of the pattern also affects room 
proportion. Large figures are safer to use in 
a large room than in a small one; but bold, 
glaring patterns are almost never good, except 
in the conventional hotel room, where there 
are no pictures, or occasionally in the upper 
third. The wall-paper should always serve 
as a good background for pictures, and ob- 
trusive patterns are sure to detract from the 
effect. “[wo-tone’‘ patterns, in well-selected 
coloring, are, therefore, good almost every- 
where, as, indeed, are solid colors. Cheap in- 
grains and cartridge papers, however, which 
fade in a few months, are an abomination, as 
are unsanitary crepes and crinkled or raw 
silks. 

An intelligent understanding of the period 
styles is a good thing. An Oriental tapestry 
paper in a Colonial room, or a delicate Louis 
XVI. floral in a room full of Mission furni- 
ture, are decorative absurdities. Most of the 
rooms in the average American home, how- 
ever, are not decorated and furnished in any 
exclusive period style, for purely practical rea- 
sons, so that this point may not be of such 
great importance, after all. 

The selection of suitable patterns for the 
various rooms in the house is more important, 
perhaps; but it would be impossible to make a 
complete list of the different kinds of patterns 
appropriate to each. A few suggestions may 
be helpful, however. 

For the parlor let us select a graceful, quiet 
pattern in light tints, either in the Colonial 
or one of the classic French styles. “Too much 
gilt is always in bad taste. For the hall a 
bolder pattern can be used, such as the Empire 
wreath and torch, or heraldic pattern. There 
are, also, fine imitations of Gobelin tapestries 
—verdure and foliage effect—suitable for the 
hall. 

For the dining-room a two-tone paper in 
warm colorings is suggested, or a good tapes- 
try effect, preferably one showing fruit and 
flowers in the softened tapestry colorings. 
‘Tapestries and other soft, rich effects are ex- 
cellent for the living-room or library, and an 
Oriental tapestry for the den. 

Chintz and cretonne effects, stripes and 
dainty florals, are pleasing for the bedroom, 
and there are tile and aquatic patterns for 
the bathroom. In fact, your dealer will show 
you papers especially designed for every room 
in your house, even to the smoking-room, bil- 
liard-room, music-room or nursery. 

‘There -are several good kinds of wall cover- 
ings besides wall-paper, such as burlap, crash 
cloths, and Lincrusta, and other relief ma- 
terials; and there are many kinds and grades 
of wall-papers. ‘There are flocks—sometimes 
like felt, sometimes like panne velvet—for par- 
lor or hall; damask and silks for the parlor; 
ingrains and duplex ingrains and pulps for 
living-room or dining-room; pressed and em- 
bossed papers for parlor or hall; water-proof 
materials for hall, dining-room, kitchen or 
bathroom; varnished papers for bathroom, 
kitchen or entry; hand prints and machine 
prints, single prints and twelve-colors, and all 
the grades of blanks, flats, golds and varnish 
golds, appliqués and flitters—terms which your 


Grow 
Chestnuts 
Like This 


For Profit ) 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre 
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any 
other crop you could plant. 

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- 
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk; 
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— 

These qualities have been combined and de- 
veloped by science to a degree that closely bor- 
ders perfection, in the new 


SOBER PARAGON 


Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut 


A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
(5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- 
chard was only 7 years old, 

The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
‘The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality 
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated 
varieties that I have examined. It is of large 
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” 

The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 
5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The 
nuts average 1 to 2 inches in diameter—and 3 to 
5 nutsina burr. 

We offer 3 to 5-foot zrafted trees for delivery 
Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being 
booked now. ae 

Testimony from growers, commission mer- 
chants, Forestry Experts, etc., given in our free 
booklet, together with prices and particulars. 
weown exclusive con- 
trol of the Sober Para- 
gon. This copyrighted 
metal seal is attached 
to every genuine tree, 
when shipped. 

Write today for the booklet. Address ‘‘Desk D.” 


GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


Richardson & Boynton 
Company 


offer expert advice on heating 
problems without charge 


Write us about the kind of building you are 
to erect—we will recommend the heating 
method that will give you the best results at 
the least expense. We make three standards 
—steam, hot water and warm fresh air —our 
advice will be free from undue prejudice. 


RICHARDSON @ BOYNTON CO. 


OFFICES: Established 1837 
232-234-236 Water Street New York 
20 East Lake Street . Chicago 
51 Portland Street. Boston 


On sale by all reliable dealers 


St EWART 


Iron F ence 


Will beautify your grounds and furnish 
the desired protectionat less expense than 


any improvement that can be made. 
Combines dignity, symmetry, orna- 
mentation and durability. 
Backed by 25-years’ experience, an 


established reputation, facilities of 
production, patents and special features 
that place it far in advance of all others. 

Stewart’s issynonymous with quality 
and is specified by leading architects. 

Original designs in harmony with 
house and grounds is our specialty. 

Catalogue, estimates and suggestions 
cheerfully supplied. 


Agents Wanted 
THE STEWART IRON WorkKS Co. 
1726 Covington St., Cincinnati, O. 
The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Works 


decorator will explain. Each kind has its own 
particular purpose and value, except the 
cheapest blanks, which seldom possess any 
appreciable decorative merit. 

The styles in which wall-papers can be hung 
are many, and variety and individuality can 
often be obtained by means of some original 
arrangement. Among the prevalent styles are 
the side wall and border, with or without a 
dado; the upper-third treatment; the crown, 
and the French panel. In some cases nothing 
is lost by running the side wall, from base- 
board to ceiling, with a picture-molding at 
the extreme top. In bedrooms a pretty treat- 
ment is to use a delicately figured paper on the 
ceiling and on the upper part of the wall as 
far down as the picture-molding—eighteen 
inches or so—with a floral pattern or stripe 
on the lower part of the wall, the colors, of 
course, harmonizing. This treatment is es- 
pecially attractive where there is a curved cov- 
ing. Perhaps the best patterns for this purpose 
would be a dainty Dresden effect, above the 
flowers and ribbons of Marie Antoinette, or 
one of the modern lattice or trellis effects. 
Florals should always be in natural colors, 
though blue roses and pink violets, and other 
atrocities are to be found. 

For the dining-room, where the chairs are 
being constantly pushed back against the wall, 
a dado is desirable, preferably unfigured, or in 
a simple pattern harmonizing with the paper 
above, and in a darker or contrasting color. 
At the level of the tops of the chair-backs a 
chair-rail should be used. Dados of water- 
proof material, in durable colorings, are also 
useful for the hall and stairway, where there 
is much wear and tear. 

The upper-third treatment is very effective 
for some rooms, and has been exceedingly pop- 
ular, though decorators tell me that it is ceas- 
ing to be a fad. It is particularly effective in 
dining-room or library. A simple pattern or 
solid color is used in the lower two-thirds of 
the wall, surmounted by a shallow shelf or 
plate-rail, bearing bric-a-brac. Above this can 
be used a pattern of considerable strength, the 
pictures being hung low, just below the plate- 
rail, with possibly one or two exceptions. 

A good treatment for the dining-room is 
dark green burlap in the lower two-thirds, | 
oak woodwork, and oak plate-rail, and a forest 
or vendure tapestry paper above, in tones of 
green harmonizing with the burlap. The lower 
part can be made even more durable, as well 
as decorative, by means of flat, vertical cleats 
of oak dividing this section of the wall into 
panels. The library can be treated in a sim- 
ilar way. A sort of frieze can be devised by 
arranging a series of photographs or pictures 
of the same size in a row just below the plate- 
rail, held in place and framed by little strips 
of oak. 

The upper-third treatment is often effective 
for the chamber, using a plain stripe in the 
lower two-thirds, with a plate-rail or photo- 
graph-rail, and a bright floral above. 

The crown is a development of the frieze. 
The border paper is so made that it exactly 
matches with the side-wall pattern at a given 
point, without a visible division of any sort, 
finishing off the decoration at the top of the 
wall with an arch, a cluster of flowers, tree 
tops or some similar effect. The crown is dif- 
ficult to hang properly, and so has not been 
given the popularity that was expected of it. 
Intrinsically it is a very beautiful form of 
decoration, but pictures are apt to interfere 
with the effect, and it is frequently considered 
a little ‘‘too much.” 

The panel, either square or oblong, reaching 
from near the baseboard to near the ceiling, 
or used above or below the dado-line, is very 
artistic and very popular. Narrow borders 
and moldings are made for this purpose. 
Tapestry patterns can be very cleverly paneled 


September, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XXxIil 


Hardware Trimmings 
That Harmonize 


If you are building a home be sure 
that you select hardware trimmings 
that will be in keeping with the 
architectural style. Your architect 


will be of assistance in determining 
the style— but you should acquaint 
yourself with the merits of 


Sargent’s 


ARTISTIC 


Hardware 


It is harmonious in its details and can 
be had in all designs de- 
manded by any particu- z= 
lar style of architecture. 
Sargent’s Hardware 

adds materially to the 
refinement of appear- / 

ance in any home 

and affords satisfac- 

tion as long as the” 

house endures. 


Sargent’s Book of 
Designs—sent free. | 


Will prove of inval- 
uable assistance in 
choosing right hard- 
ware trimmings. 
Over 70 patterns are 
illustrated. 

The Colonial Book — 
shows cut glass 
knobs, door knock- 
ers and other fit- 
tings in Colonial 
styles. This book 
also free on re- 
quest. Address 


SARGENT & COMPANY, 
156 } 
Leonaro St 


GZ : New Yoru } 


OUR own individual rug, dif- 

ferent from all other rugs, and 

in a high-class wool fabric 
adapted to your own decorations. 
If the rugs in stock colors do not 
suit your requirements we will 
make one that will, either plain, 
self-tone or contrast. All sizes up 
to twelve feet wide, any length. 
Seamless, wool weft, reversible, 
heavy and durable. Sold by best 
shops or write for color line and 
price list to ARNOLD, CONSTABLE 
& Co., NEW YORK. 


THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, AUBURN, N. y, 


Thread 


DAMGAA Baie iOS ths ABA 


Cattle Manure 
ein Bags tuiverized 
Best and safest manure for florists and 


greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, 
no danger. Write for circular and prices. 


The Pulverized Manure Co. 
21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


The most valuable crop in the world. 
Easily grown throughout the U.S. 
and Canada. Room in your garden 
to grow thousands of dollars’ worth. 


Roots and Seeds for sale. Send 4c. for postage and get our booklet A-V, 
ting all about it. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. 


for the dining-room or library, and nothing 
is prettier for the parlor than a soft, two-tone 
silk or damask effect, in light tints, framed in 
a little border or panel molding, the panels 
separated by a plain color to match. Moiré 
effects are often pleasingly used as panel fillers. 

A form of wall-paper decoration which is 
becoming more and more popular every day is 
the independent frieze—a frieze or border, 
usually of a pictorial character, which does 
not match the side wall. Such a frieze should 
always be used with a very simple pattern in 
the side wall, or a plain color, the effect of 
the decoration depending almost entirely upon 
the frieze. “The idea is artistically correct, the 
main decoration coming above the line where 
it is likely to be interfered with by pictures, 
which find a suitable background in the simple 
paper below. Many independent friezes are 
now on the market. 


NEW BOOKS 


Box Furnitures How to MAKE a HuN- 
DRED USEFUL ARTICLES FOR THE HOME. 
By Louise Brigham. New York: The 
Century «Co. § Pp 304, | Price, $1.60 
net. 

Miss Brigham’s book may rightly be 
called remarkable, since it undertakes to 
show how, in the statement issued by her 
publishers, any one can make all the furni- 
ture needed for a city flat, a country cot- 
tage, a woods camp of a social service set- 
tlement out of the ordinary boxes that can 
be obtained from a grocer. The book 
hardly goes as far as this, but it does de- 
scribe many useful articles that can be made 
from boxes, articles both useful and orna- 
mental, indeed, and articles that almost 
any one can make, especially as the way to 
do so has now been shown. 

The ordinary householder must open this 
book with astonishment, and think with 
regret of the many boxes thrown away 
when the whole house might have been fur- 
nished with them. Miss Brigham has cer- 
tainly been fortunate with the boxes she has 
been able to obtain for her work, as well as 
ingenious in the applications she has made 
of them. The book is abundantly illus- 
trated and the text, for the most part, con- 
sists of concise directions as to what to do. 
It is a book of stimulative interest, well cal- 
culated to arouse the industrious curiosity 
of the handy man and woman in the house, 
and it must prove a veritable boon for those 
who like to tinker and create. 


THE GARDEN YARD: A HANnpzBooK oF IN- 
TENSIVE FArmiInG. By Bolton Hall. 
Philadelphia: David McKay. Pp. 321. 
Irae, Kyi foloy 

Mr. Bolton Hall, who is quite militant in 
his belief that the farm is the only proper 
home, has here prepared a book that aims to 
help the man or woman who has to do the 
cultivation at odd times. It is difficult, in 
agricultural matters, to keep to a set pro- 
gram, and while this is but a small book 
it touches upon an enormous variety of sub- 
jects; so many, in fact, that it must surely 
require more than odd times at which to 
put the author’s manifold suggestions into 
practise. But the author is not writing for 
one need, but for many, and he has wisely 
chosen to offer as much advice as possible 
in order to meet the greatest number of 
needs. Mr. Hall’s practical suggestions are 

of the most practical kind; he presents a 

great array of facts in a very limited space 

and has produced a handbook of intensive 
farming of singular value and interest. It 
is a manual that one may read and profit by 
whether one is seeking support from the 


& 

424 CRAFTSMAN HOUSE 
=| FROM CORNERSTONE 
Fe CHITNEe Om CURIOU SLY 
SUGGESTS THE CHARACTER 
Sei UNIQUE IN TERIOR 


THIS TYPE OF COUNTRY HOME 


is a combination of art, comfort and economy, includ- 
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where, all under one contract. 

All materials and unique devices prepared in our 
f own shops, including woodcraft, metal work and wall 
reliefs. 

No objection to building according to your own 
plans and specifications. We invite your inspection 
g of many attractive houses and bungalows built in the 
last few years, also numerous sketches at our studios. 

This work is in a class by itself. No increase in 
cost over ordinary types. 


BUILDER S*CRAFTSMEN 
COMPANY 


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INVESTIGATE OUR 
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¢ eeemeeeeend 
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Just as modern reapers and typewriters are better, 
quicker and cheaper than scythe and pen, so “High 
Standard” Machine-mixed paints are better, quicker and 
cheaper than the hand-mixed-by-guess kind. 

You can’t afford to pay a painter to mix paints when 
Lowe Brothers paint machinery does it and a good deal 
cheaper—infinitely finer—saving time worth 25 to 50 cents 
an hour and insuring satisfactory paint of greatest 
covering capacity, brilliance and wear. 


Gives Best Results 


| because the formulae are proved correct by thorough 
i practical and theoretical tests—both, and by the use of most 
improved machinery—and most approved methods— 
| many of them exclusive. 
Determination to produce the best paint has been the 
/ watchword of Lowe Brothers for over 35 years. Isit 
strange that they have attained this end? 
N= The “‘Little Blue Flag” on every canis the unques- 
i] ‘ionable sign of quality and economy and your positive 
] protection in a line of paints for every purpose. “‘Little 
Blue Flag” Varnishes are equally sure to satisfy. 
Remember this “Little Blue Flag’” when buying paints 
and varnishes. Ask for “Owner’s Responsibility’ and 
for color cards and combinations. 


THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY, 


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New York Chicago Boston Kansas City 


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XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1909 


soil as the author advises or not. Mr. Hall 
offers some good advice, but nowhere is he 
more practical than when he says: “It 
won’t be enough simply to read this book; 
that won’t make you a gardener; but 
| | if you study it while you are working on 
the land, and use your judgment and com- 
mon sense, in one season you will be able to 
teach most of those whom you now have to 
hire as expert gardeners at three dollars a 
day.” Perhaps not quite that; but the book 
is one obviously to be studied in connection 
with practical work, and this done, its high- 
est value will be obtained. 


ORIENTAL Rucs. By Arthur Urbane Dil- 
ley. Boston: A. U. Dilley & Co., Inc. 
Pp. 80. Price, 50 cents. 


This is an admirable handbook of a very 
difficult subject. The author’s main pur- 
pose is to help the lovers of good rugs to 
select them discriminately. This he does 
in a very brief and direct way, and has pro- 
duced a model monograph which should be 
consulted by every one who has a real inter- 
est in rugs. Mr. Dilley’s advice is of the 
most practical kind, and is well intended to 
safeguard the purchaser of rugs against 
fraud and misrepresentation. The book 
contains numerous photographic illustra- 
tions of rugs, which are amply described, 
and forms a most convenient and helpful 
handbook. 


FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 


GUARANTEE LABELS 


Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously 
translated in practice. 

Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit 
behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, 
unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is 
responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the 


leadership of Wolff design. 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Established 1855—©§ —&=£—=<_<$_$$ 
MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The only complete line made by any one firm 


A History oF ARCHITECTURAL DEvVELOP- 
MENT. By F. M. Simpson. Vol. II. 
New York: Longmans, Green & Co. Pp. 
AO4. 


This new history of architecture, of which 
the first volume was published a year or so 
ago, has now reached the second volume, which 
deals with the Medieval Period. The interest 
awakened in this work on the appearance of 
the first instalment will be heightened by the 
present volume, which deals with one of the 
most complicated and widespread phases of 


GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE SEE CHICAGO architectural history. Myr. Simpson’s method 
5 is wholly his own, and consists in tracing the 

Sa eee et BEN ESS Pee development of architecture through the plan- 
BRANCH OFFICES on ning, construction, materials and principles of 

Minncapabs Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange design, with reference to the influences that 

Saat eaasuen Cal i Meneanece Bataiie Duals NON 7 77 Rectasn A veameuin helped to shape this development. All these, 


Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street and other topics, are discussed in separate chap- 


ters, the detailed history of the architectural 
development of the various countries being 
relegated to secondary chapters. ‘This method 
gives a freshness to his book and entitles it to 
an honored place in the library of every archi- 
tect as well as to the consideration of every 
lover of the noble art of building. The author 
is to be congratulated on the substantial prog- 
ress toward the completion of his great under- 
taking that has been manifested in the present 
instalment. 


SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for 


@ 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 
Traps — Venting 


Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 
House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 


Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 
ustrate seats 
Sub-soil Drainage 


Floor Connections 


Roof Connections 
By R. M. STARBUCK | Local Venting 
Bath Boome onnectons °, [ete. 
Z AG I I utomatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses 
=— . \ WN 400 (10% as 7%) Paces Use of Flushing Valves , 


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Tue Book oF THE CoTTAGE GARDEN. By 


ee ee ok DUTnA Ry SYStem tien te Charles Thonger. New York: John 
ENGRAVINGS Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Pri 4 
Automatic Sewage Litt — Sump Dank ; Lane Co. Pp. 92. rice, $1.00 net; 
isposal o ewage oO ndergroun loors o 
PRICE, $4.00 Hien Buildings” 8 postage, 8 cents. 


R Country Plumbing 
q A comprehensive and Cosspecls ‘eee ial Aas 
Pie Coa e Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 
UP Lo) date work illus Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 
trating and describing Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 
the Drainage and Ven- Examples CE ROe Practice 
pane : oughing — Testing 
tilation of Dwellings, Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Apartments and Public Circuit and Loop Venting 


Buildings, etc. The Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 
very latest and most ap- | Cellar Work 
y Be CAe House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
proved methods in all Plumbing for Cottage House 
branches of Sanitary In- Hinmping for Residence 
: - umbing for Two-Flat House 
stallation are SAver. Plumbing for Apartment Houses 


A modest, but extremely useful little vol- 
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aid to the owners of small places, and admir- 
ably fulfils its purpose. “The larger part of 
the book is concerned with the hardy flower 
garden, which is precisely the kind the owner 
of the small place will derive most enjoyment 
from. Room is, however, found for a chapter 
on the vegetable garden, and an additional 


° . ° 7 j ] . 2 ” 
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trated follow in the next column. Plumbing for Bath Establishment in the most practical sense of the term, and 


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MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers | Piambing for Factories 


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graphs are at once beautiful and helpful. 


Un za 


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JUST PUBLISHED Koll’s Patent 


The New Building Estimator §| | | Lock-Joint Columns 


BY WILLIAM ARTHUR 


A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the 
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is just as important. as 

building the house when 
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yourself can build, others can 
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The important thing to remem- 
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whether the use is a large one or 
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shape desired, after which “ze ders for your country home. 


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Write for 
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AMERICAN 
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OCTOBER, 1909 


ey) 


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MUNN & CO., INC.. Publishers 


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JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED 


CRAFTSMAN HOMES 


By GUSTAV STICKLEY 


A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, 
Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions 
——————— eee ion gardens cates and spercolas: 
models for furniture, metal work 
and needlework. ‘The house plans comprise a choice collection of about 
fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages 
and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high 
recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style 
of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. 
CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, 
porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, 
exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and 
structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior 
woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work, 
SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- 
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sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. 


MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York 


———— re 
The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY 


By A. RUSSELL BOND 
12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are 
given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 
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STORY OF OUTDOOR. BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from 


M U N N & CO 9 Inc. “ SC ERU TE CRIGan ” 3 61 Broadway, New York 


Many Uses of a Conservatory 


Not only is your conservatory a flower garden, connected with your 
house and serving you the year round, but it may be a living-room, 
where the morning sun-bath is enjoyed, or the afternoon tea delightfully 
served. It adds another unique, attractive room to your home, one 
from which all the family will get great satisfaction and comfort. 
Consult us about its construction. 


Hitchings & Company 


Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. 


ee Pree y= 
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tas 


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\ VAN ARK YZ NEE 


Two layers of 
glass instead 
of one. 


Violets in full bloom with 


snow banked up around them 


_The Sunlight Double-Glass Sash will give you 
bigger, earlier violets than anyone near you. It 
will force flowers, will give you an abundance 
of cauliflower, lettuce, radishes, etc. in winter. 


The double glass dees it 
Dry air between two layers of glass is the best 
non-conductor there is, better than mats or 
boards. Lets in all the light, retains the heat, 
excludes cold. Makes your plants grow in zero 
weather as vigorously as in open air in May. 


Never needs covering 
Does away with fully three-fourths of your 
work the covering and uncovering of sash. 
More people every year are using their small 
yards to putin two to five ormore sash and grow 
their own vegetables and nowers and get the 
better health that goes with it. 


Write for our catalog 
See what hundreds of users say. Get freight 
prepaid proposition. Order early to insure 
prompt shipment. Fast freight, safe delivery 
guaranteed. Write today. Now is the time to 
prepare for cold frames. 


SUNLIGHT DouBLE GLAss SasH Co. 


I ted 
943 B, Broadway, Oo eae eae 


October, 1909 


TIN 
25952. 9oPa%s, 

<2 O2 320° o> 
se as oe sara DD Oy 


‘2 
AVE 


THE NOTTINGHAM CORNUCOPIA SOFA 


(Style : Colonial—Adaptation of Early Empire) 


AHE more. you study the picture, the better you will like 
the quaint lines of this jolly, old-fashioned sofa. Note 
how the broad lower and top rails add to its squat, curious 
shape. And the cheerful and varied repetition of the 
“cornucopia” theme, and the cohesion in its design, are un- 
commonly pleasing. As aunion of the useful and beautiful, this 
bonny Sofa is unique. The loose cushion is the last old-time finish- 
ing touch that makes this piece comparable to an old picture. As 
the photograph shows, this Sofa is richly sculpture-carved out of 
solid Honduras mahogany; but it does not show the infinite care 
with which it has been constructed, or the antique ‘“‘ egg-shell” finish. 
Yet, when you consider these specifications, luxurious upholstery, 
its dimensions, the price is MODERATE. 
Length, 91 inches; Height, 34% inches; price, in pi n denim, $128.50 F.O.B., 
New York. Requires 6%3 yrds of 50-inch mterial for covering. 


This picture is one of several hundred photographic reproductions from our 
Catalogue-Folio, “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE.” 

Our immense Three-Gallery collection of Furniture is represented in numerous 
other folios, which, with our system of sending samples of coverings and many other 
sorts of merchandise and our general Mail Order Service, are described and prettily ~ 
illustrated in Waiamaker’s “GUIDE BOOK,” bound in boards. Mailed free on request. 

Those who have a room—or house—to decorate and furnish, and who will send 
us a rough sketch, or blue-print, will receive samples, color-schemes, pictures of 
Furniture, suggestions and estimates, if they will address our “DECORATIVE 
ADVISORY BUREAU, Section B.” NO CHARGE FOR THIS SERVICE. Send 


communications to the New York Store. 


JOHN WANAMAKER 


PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK 


FEEEEEEEEEESELEEEEEEE ESET ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 


A House Lined with 


Mineral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. 

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 


MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and 


keeps out dampness. 


Sample and 
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CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY 


VERTICAL SECTION, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


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HE exquisite beauty of line and form shown in 
the lighting instruments of our forefathers has 
led to the use of many a beautiful old lamp, even 


in our modern homes. 


The ENOS COMPANY LsaHtina iets res 


Office and Factory: 
7th Av. and 16th St. 


NEW YORK 


Boston: H. F. Esterbrook, Chicago: W K. Cowan 
Inc., 9 Park Street & Co., 203 Michigan Blvd. 
Baltimore: 519 North 6) San Francisco: 
Charles St. TRACE \\ sage, California St. 
Pittsburg: G. P. Norton, Toronto: 94 King St 
Century Building West 
St. Louis: N. O. Nelson Spokane: Cutter & 
Mfg. Co. erc® Plummer, Inc. 


Portland, Ore.: J. C. 
English Co., 128 Park St. 


1914 Second Ave. 


ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC 
EXPOSITION 


Dexter Brothers Co., 
Boston, Mass. 
Gentlemen: 

We take pleasure in inform— 
ing you that your number 794 
Austrian Gray Shingle Stain 
was specified and used on the 
exterior and interior of the 
Forestry Building, Alaska-— 
Yukon—Pacific Exposition, 
Seattle. 

The Stain has proven to be 
very satisfactory, having 
given the woodwork a natural 
gray, not obtained by the use 


of ordinary colors or stains. 
Yours very truly, 
Signed 


SAUNDERS & LAWTON, 
Architects. 


DEXTER BROTHERS CO. 
103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blyd.. Chi- 
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Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle. Spokane, 
Tacoma. Wash., and Portland, Ore.; M- D. Francis, Auanta, 
Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. 


of antiques with me. 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


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Salesrooms: 
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Seattle: Cox & Gleason, 


j.| Anti 
; Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 
| request. List your wants 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR FERREE 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’? Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13 % inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 
in America. ‘The illustrations are in 
nearly all cases made from original 
photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed 
on double coated paper. Attractively 
bound. The book will prove one of 
the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 
desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


Munn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


__ > osneneeneaeeaenny Brame ees ORD NNNET p 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 

T. BYARD COLLINS by N WAS. taken place in American agricultural methods which are 

Wee transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 

you mG@loth: 6376 Paces rsx | \o<2 4] independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 

: AN to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 

in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 
ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 

CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII., Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X_ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., INC., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


: 
: 
: 
: 


October, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


emma aS orc emcees Meo ce soca ea eae ee 


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teers, 
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is a true representation of 
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they at once command the admiration and 
praise of architect, artist and connoisseur. 


|‘ the designing and manufacture 


STEINWAY & SONS 


Steinway Hall 


107-109 East 14th Street, New York Steinway Parlor Grand Piano in the 
(Subway Express Station at the Door) period of Louis XIV, gilt and enameled 


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Send for Handsome Art Portfolio showing many of the designs of 
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NEW YORK METAL CEILING CO. 
544 W. 24th Street, New York City 


Manufacturers of Metal Ceilings for Business and Public Buildings. 
Catalogue and full information for the asking. 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 
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HE most modern, and best illuminating and 
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C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


HOW ARE THE BEAMS 
HEL 


Are they~ Cut Away~ by 
Framing ? 


WHERE THEY ABUT 
THEIR SUPPORTS? 


Do You Depend Merely 
on Spiking ? 


The Best Way is to Use 
Our Joist Hangers. 


434-466 PROSPECT ST. 
POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 


LANE BROS. CO, (™2gtez") 


Refinish a Piece of 
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Let Us Send the Materials FREE 


Let us show you how to make old furniture look like 
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do it so easily that we want you to make the test at our expense 
to prove it. 


These Materials Are YOurs— 
FREE—for the Asking 


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No doubt you have some piece of furniture that you prize highly, yet you | ‘i 
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with other furniture or decorations. 

—Use Johnson’s Electric Solvo to quickly remove the old finish. 

—Use Johnson’s Wood Dye to color the wood any one of 14 shades— 
choose from list below. 

~—Use Johnson’s Prepared Wax to impart that beautiful “hand-rubbed” effect. 

The book will tell you how in every case, and will show you how to carry 
out other decorating ideas you may have in mind. 

From this test and this book, you will learn how many opportunities you 
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Johnson’s Wood Dye is not a mere stain—not simply a surface 
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Use the coupon. Cut it out now, while 
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he 

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Racine, Wisconsin onlin, 
\N “Wood Finishing Authorities” 


A FLORIDA FRUIT FARM 
By E. P. Powell 


ENTRAL FLORIDA is a strip of land 
running up through the middle of the 
State; not more than forty miles wide, 

probably one hundred miles long. It takes in 
no large cities, and the vegetation is not as 
unique as that along the coast. In fact, you 
will find a good portion of the forest is pine 
and oak, so that a Northerner feels quite at 
home. ‘The soil is sandy but capable of being 
made very rich. “The pine trees in places stand 
eighty to one hundred feet high, and form 
most beautiful parks. ‘This is especially true 
around the small lakes, which abound through 
nearly the whole strip. Lake County is well 
named, because you can not go five miles with- 
out seeing twice that number of lakes, besides 
a lot of lakelets or ponds. It is here that 
Northerners should find their home if possible. 
The land rolls so that you may call it hilly, 
and in some places it is quite steep. The hol- 
lows hold the lakes, which are without outlet, 
and fill up according to the continuance of rain 
during the summer season. Generally there 
are showers enough during the winter, but for 
the last two years there has been almost con- 
tinuous lack of rain. 

Truck gardening is carried on mainly in the 
level, flat and moist coast counties, but in this 
middle and hilly region is the place for a good 
fruit garden, and for those vegetables which 
make home life comfortable. You can grow 
the Northern potato as well as the sweet po- 
tato, only it will not keep long after ripening. 
Carrots and beets and cabbages, with parsley 
and spinach, we put in in October or No- 
vember and use in January. The fruit garden 
is unique in this, that you can have side by side 
apples, pears, plums, cherries, and the semi- 
tropical loquats and oranges. We do not 
undertake to grow pineapples, mangos and sim- 
ilar fruits. A man who has ten acres in this 
region does not do well to put it all to oranges 
and grapefruit, although he is tempted to do 
so. ‘There is something bewitching about this 
orange growing. I suppose it is the beauty of 
the orchard and the fruit. There is nothing 
more beautiful in the world than an orange 
orchard, with the one exception of an apple 
orchard. It is a marvel in blossom, sending its 
fragrance all over the neighborhood, and win- 
ning millions of bees; who are said to get ab- 
solutely intoxicated, and to make less honey 
than they do from weeds. In full bearing the 
limbs bend down to the ground with their 
golden balls—and I must confess that it is an 
enchanted garden, and there is no wonder that 
it bewitches a visitor to have something like it. 
This whole section is filling up with Northern- 
ers, and not a few of them buy up groves at 
sight. There is lots of money in it, provided 
we do not have another freeze like that of 
1895. We shall surely have light frosts every 
winter, but these do little harm. 

In January and February we have our lo- 
quats as well as oranges, and although this 
crop is not quite sure, it is rare that we miss a 
plenty for home use. It is too delicate for 
shipment. ‘The loquat tree is evergreen, but 
the leaves look very much like rather rough 
cherry leaves. “The fruit is one and a ‘half 
inches in diameter and hangs in large clusters. 
The earlier clusters rarely form fruit, but in 
January we begin to get perfected clusters. 
These are still forming until May. ‘The shape 
of the fruit is like a pear, but the flavor is 
much more like that of a cherry. I have pro- 
cured a variety from California which is much 
larger and which bears when the tree is but 
three or four feet high. There is a good chance 
of improving all these tropical fruits by cross- 
breeding and by selection. New and choice 


’ oranges are every year coming before the pub- 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v 


lic, so are loquats and mangoes, and pine- 
apples. We shall get something very fine in 
all these lines, and something that will send 
out of cultivation all that we have at present. 
In March begins the mulberry, a fruit that we 
never think of eating in the North, but here 
we have sorts that are of special importance 
for eating out of hand and for cooking. ‘They 
are about as large as your initial finger, and 
are borne in immense quantities, on hand- 
some trees of about twenty feet in height. The 
varieties that do our fine work here are too 
tender for Northern climates, but we surely 
would not like to be robbed of our mulberries. 
Mocking-birds and cardinal birds fill the 
branches, and hens delight in the fallen ones. 
Before the robins go North I assure you they 
have filled themselves well with many a dinner 
of Hick’s and Stubb’s mulberries. ‘There are 
white varieties, but I have not yet found one 
of great importance. The razorback will ven- 
ture to tear his way through barbed wire to 
get at this fruit, but the razorback’s days are 
about numbered. There are too many North- 
erners here with shotguns and rifles. 

April winds up most of our orange picking, 
which began about the first of November. 
There are still half a dozen sorts that will 
hang on all summer, but they are not largely 
planted, partly because the growers like to get 
through with the job and go North for the 
summer, and partly because the market does 
not call for a very protracted supply. Peach 
trees are in blossom all winter, and there will 
be straggling peaches ripening in the latter 
part of February or March. ‘The crop really 
begins, however, to be ready for market the 
last of April, and runs through May and June. 
We have new varieties which will probably 
protract the season. “These same months give 
us plums and cherries.. I have heard it said by 
old fruit-growers that we can do nothing here 
with cherries or apples. I am surely growing 
very successfully several varieties of apples and 
some varieties of cherries. “That they will be 
profitable fruiters I am not so sure. King 
David is the best grower among my apple ex- 
periments, although Red Astrachan and some 
others are doing finely. Plums grow with 
astonishing rapidity and bear heavy crops. 
The curculio is here, and one must know how 
to fight it; unfortunately, the Southerner does 
not understand it. I am trying quinces with 
every possible encouragement, and we know 
that many of our best grapes will do almost as 
well here as in New York State. The Niagara 
is very popular, so also is Moore’s Early and 
Diamond. Of course, these Northern grapes 
ripen earlier here and become dead ripe and 
sweet. Sour grapes, like Ives, are really of 
fine quality in this section. I have planted 
several hundred of the crossbred varieties 
originated by Mr. Munson, of Denison, Tex., 
such as Headlight, Banner, and Wapanuka. 
Mr. Munson’s work is fully equal to that of 
Mr. Burbank, and he is the national authority 
on our native wild grapes. 

You can readily see from these notes that 
a Northerner can build a home here in Florida, 
and not only thoroughly enjoy himself, but 
take good care of his physical needs. The 
chief trouble he will have to compete with is 
the fact that an annual burning over of the 
State has destroyed the humus that nature has 
tried to provide, and has done it for so many 
years that the soil needs addition and renova- 
tion about equally. However, there is no 
spot in the United States where material is 
provided more lavishly for making soil than in 
Florida. The legumes are more abundant than 
purslane and pigweed in the North. Cow peas 
grow twenty feet in a season, and velvet bean 
sixty or seventy feet. Beggar-weed is another 
delicious fodder, as sweet as sugar beet. These 
Jegumes can be mowed two or three times, 


Easily applied to all heating plants. Auto- 
matically keeps your home at an even, 
healthful temperature no matter how the 
weather changes. Every 


HOWARD 
THERMOSTAT 


that is installed demonstrates that it is a 
most wonderful fuel saver. 


WITH CLOCK ATTACHMENT 


it still further reduces the coal bills by 
permitting a lower temperature through- 
out the house at night, and at a predeter- 
mined hour automatically adjusting draft 
and check, so that by rising time the 
cemperature.of the house is at the degree 

A desired for the day. 

Guaranteed for 10 years. Thou- 
sands in use more than 25 years. 
Coalsavedpaysforit. Therefore 
it costs you nothing. Sold by Zz 
Heating Men and Electricians Everywhere. 
Sendusthe nameand address of your furnace man, steam 
fitter or electrician and we willsend you our booklet 
No. 18, which gives complete details. Write today 


HOWARD THERMOSTAT CO. 
354 W. Ist St., Oswego, N. Y. 


New England Office, 188 Franklin St.. Bostor Mass. 
New York City Office, 143 Liberty Street 
Telephone 7607 Cortlandt 
CanadianRepresentative, TheGurney 
Foundry Co., Ltd., Toronto, 
. Canada. 


an , 


Refuse Receivers 
and 
Garbage Receivers 


A PRIVATE 


WATER WORKS 
Zs FOR YOUR HOME 
‘€.No matter where you live, orhow 


‘Situated, youmay have every convenience 
of a city water supply, by the use of a 


feud, 


Pneumatic Water Supply 
Sok ee System 


@ Water under pressure tor kitchen, Jaundry, 
bathroom, sprinkling lawn and garden, water- 
ing stock and for fire protection. 
@.An air tight steel tank in the basement stores 
the water as itis pumped by hand or power and 
forces it through the pipes and faucets by air 
compressed in the upper portion of the tank. ~ 
@.No elevated or attic tanks to freeze and 
become stagnant. Water kept clean and pure. 
@ Send 2 cent stamp for booklet, “How 1 Solved 
the Water Supply Problem,” which tells 
- WHY,” o1-6 cents for “Handbook of Hydro- 
Pneumatics,” which tells “HOW.” > Catalog 
<on request. Sold by dealers everywhere. 


Leader Iron Works 
1801 Jasper St., DECATUR; ILL; 


Don’t Be Knocked Over 


By Stenches from Backyard Debris 


Why not look up the Stephenson Method? Seven years on 
the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by 


insalit® THE STEPHENSON 
Underground Garbage Receiver 


which removes all objections to the old swill tub 


Underfloor Refuse Receiver for ashes 
Underground Earth Closets for Camps 
J Portable Metal Houses for Above 
\ Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears 
[ewe High-class Sanitary Bathroom 
Accessories 


SOLD DIRECT. Send for Circular on each 
C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg., 21 Farrar Street 


Lynn, Massechusetts 


<7 on 
THE STEPHENSON 
ay 


SLAIN 


WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF 


RUSTIC WORK 


that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic 


finish to the country place. 


Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for 
Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, 
Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. 


Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City 


This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 


eu 


Want To Tell You How 


You can save not only the dealer’s profits but his excessive charges 
for installation and repairs by dealing direct with the manufacturers. 


We Put 
Every Cent 


plates. 


Cottage Designs 


By far the most complete collection of plans 
ever brought out. 


MUNN & CO., INC., 


of the Dealers 


You can keep in your own pocket at least one-third the retail price of 
a heating plant. Let us tell you all about the Profits into Your 


Jahant °3",, Furnace Pocket 


Only $10 down and $10 per month, with freight prepaid east of the Mississippi River. 
This wonderful furnace has proven its superiority above all others during the last SO years. lt is without doubt the very 
best heating system for your home. It S@v@S from }§ to 4 in fuel bills, because the patented ‘‘down-draft’’ burns hsrd 
or soft coal—wood or lignite—without cinders or clinkers, giving full heating value of every particle of fuel. Needs less atten- 
tion than any furnace you eversaw. A strong ‘“‘Guaranty Bond’’ goes with every Jahant, which allows you a 360 days 
free use of the furnace. Yourun norisk, as we supply special plans, full directions and give free all meces= 
sary tools, so that any man who can drive a nail can successfully install a Jahant. 
No matter what make or system of heating you are considering, let us tell you more sbout the many conveniences 
acd good points of our furnace; it's economy, it’s healthfulness and how you can save money. 
Write today for our book. 


The Jahant Heating Co., 50 Howard St., Akron, Ohio. 


No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS 


Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost 


from $600 to $1,500. 
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES 


Upward of twenty-five designs, costing 


from $1,000 to $3,000. 
No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS 


Twenty designs, at cosis ranging from 


$2,800 to $7,000. 
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES 


Twenty selected designs, costing from 
about $3,000 upward. 


Illustrated with full-page 
One dollar each. Sold separately. 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


For The Craftsman Style 


of architecture and interior finish, the designs and construction of Morgan Doors are in 
perfect keeping. They are finished in the white and may be stained any desired color. 


Cross section 
showing con- 
struction of 
1°%3 inch door. 


The name 
“Morgan” 
is branded 
on each door. 


October, 1909 


Country Homes 


may enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


Economy Gas Machine 


Produces light, kitchen and 
laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but 
without batteries. Write for booklet, “‘ The 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 


Most economical, healthful and sat- 
isfactory—for old or new houses, 

different patterns to match furnish- 
ings. Outwear carpets. Stocks car- 


ried in the leading cities, 
HARDWOOD PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL. 


LOORS .2:3%:, 
THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO. A 


St. Louis, Mo. Baltimore, Md 


F. Weber & Co. 


1125 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Architects’ and Engineers’ Supplies 


FABRIANO” Hand-Made Drawing Papers 
Superior to any other hand-made paper 
F. Weber & Co,’s Illustration Boards, Air Brushes 
and Materials 


CLINCH right through the 

standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 


are perfect doors. Built of several layers with the grain running crosswise, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. 

Veneered in all varieties of hardwood—birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 
Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. Each Morgan 

Door is stamped *‘ Morgan” which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. Waterproof glue used. 


Berger Bros. Co. 


PHILADELPHIA 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


In our new book, ‘“‘The Door Beautiful,” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in 
all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best 
and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. MA copy will be sent on request. 


Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. 


Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. 


Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland, 


Its Chemistry, Manufacture C& Use 


Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an 
article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution 
of Portland cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses 
the testing of cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an 
article by Prof William K. Hatt giving an his- 
torical sketch of slag cement, 

Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 
give good accounts of cement testing and com- 
position, by the well-known authority, Spencer 
B. Newberry. 

Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 
present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on 
the constitution of Portland cement from a 
physico-chemical standpoint. 


Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some 
fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland 
cement. 


Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 
publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the 
Edison Portland cement works, describing the 
machinery used. 

Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an 
essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with 
materials which retard the activity of Portland 
cement. 

Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an 
excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of 
mortars and cements. 

Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a 


resumé of the cement industry and gives some © 


valuable formulae. 

Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement. 
Stone is the author. 

Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 
contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on 
cement material and industry ot the U. S. 


make continuous records of atmos- 
photic temperatures, and are designed 

or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 
tures. Send for new catalogues. 


THE BRISTOL ltt WATERBURY, CONN. 
New York Branches CHicaco 


City smoke and dust are hard on most vines—many kinds 
which thrive in the country fail when planted in the city. 
Because of its strong, vigorous growth, its unusual climbin 
propensities, and its remarkable hardiness, the beautifu 
Euonymus radicans proves a most satisfactory 


High - Climbing Evergreen 
Vine for City Homes 


Its leaves are small and glossy, and grow thickly; it bears 
numerous showy fruits in striking contrast to its foliage. 
Many authorities consider Euonymus radicans a better ever- 
green vine than the English Ivy. Also useful for low hedge, 
if properly trimmed. 

We have a fine stock of three-year-old ies and can fur- 
nish fine specimens at 20 cents each, or $2.00 per dozen; extra- 
strong plants, 25 cents each, or $2. 50) per dozen, 

Our new Fall Price-List describes many other, interesting 
specialties. It’s free—write. 


PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY, Box 230, KNOXVILLE, TENN. 


The most valuable crop in the world. 
Easily grown throughout the U.S. 
and Canada. Room in your garden 
to grow thousands of dollars’ worth. 


Roots and Seeds for sale. Send 4c. for postage and get our booklet A-V, 
telling all about it. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo. 


American Homes @ 
Gardens & & & and 
Scientific American 


sent to one address 


Any one of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and 
constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from 


MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York 


for one year. 
REGULARLY $6 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Vil 


like altalta in the North, and then plowed 
under to add nitrogen and humus to the soil. 
We hope that the fool work of wasting by fire 
what nature tries to give us is not likely to 
continue much longer. It is of no use to any- 
body but the cattle-rangers, and really is 
not as good for them as a good stout stock law 
would be. In the orchard we are accustomed 
to using beggar-weed and cow peas for a sum- 
mer cover crop. Anyone who can succeed in 
fruit growing in the North ought to succeed 
in this soil and climate, but a lazy lout will 
starve here as easily as in Massachusetts. 


THE SAND-BOX 
By Ida D. Bennett 


NYTHING which makes for ease and 
A convenience in gardening should be 
welcome to the gardener, and in the 
sand-box one finds a convenience which solves 
many vexed questions of management of those 
plants which are not in evidence during the 
summer, and yet must have attention to fit 
them for their place in the window-garden 
and conservatory during winter. 

It is intended primarily for the housing—if 
one may use that term for an out-of-door con- 
struction—of young plants which are too 
tender or unsuited for planting out in the 
open ground, or of a size to be brought into 
the house for winter blooming, and also for 
those house plants which it is not desired to 
have bloom during summer, but to get into 
the best possible condition for winter bloom- 
ing. 

It consists of a shallow box of any desired 
dimensions, preferably long and narrow, or 
at least not too wide to reach across comfort- 
ably when sitting in a chair beside it. It 
should not be more than five or six inches 
deep. It should be mounted on some kind of 
a support of a substantial character, as, when 
filled with plants and sand, the weight is con- 
siderable, and of a height that will be conve- 
nient when sitting on a chair or stool. It 
should be filled with clean, white sand—that 
from the lake is best—kept constantly moist. 
Into this moist sand the pots are plunged to 
their rims, the tall ones in the rear and the 
smaller ones in front. It may be made at- 
tractive by trailing vines over the sides and 
ends to hide the supports. 

The best position for the sand-box is on 
the east side of the house where it will get the 
morning sun, but be screened from the hot 
sun from the south and west. 

The wet sand keeps the roots of the plants 
cool and moist at all times and in the best 
possible condition for growth, while the mois- 
ture evaporating from the sand creates an 
atmosphere similar to that in a greenhouse 
with the added advantage of fresh air and 
sunshine. 

In this favorable situation tender seedlings 
such as cinnerarias, gloxinias, begonias, carna- 
tions and the like will make a rapid, healthy 
growth and no better place can be found for 
the rootings of cuttings. I have never found 
a cutting that would not root here, roses espe- 
cially find in the sand-box a congenial place 
to rodt and grow, and it is only necessary to 
thrust the cuttings—the stems from cut flow- 
ers may be utilized for this purpose—into the 
sand between the pots to insure growth. 

Gloxinia and begonia leaves laid on the 
sand and the stems thrust under the edge of a 
pot will quickly root, the gloxinia forming 
first a callous and then a bulb and root. As 
nearly all plants will grow freely in clean 
sand, if one forms the habit of sticking any 
cuttings that come to hand during the summer 
in the sand-box they will find themselves with 
an excellent collection of well-rooted plants 
by fall, only one must never allow the sand 
to become dry. 


In other days when the good people 


went to the grocery for soda crackers they 
got just common crackers in common paper bags. 


NOW 


Uneeda 


=f it 
come to you in that wondrous package 


that enables you to enjoy such soda 
crackers as those old folks never knew. 


NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties 
For October 2x Early Fall Planting 


PEONIES—wmy collection has a world-wide reputation. I have 
ready this fall more than 100.000 strong roots, in some 420 kinds. 
which will be sure to bloom next year. 

IRISES—My surpassing collection has no equal in America. 
It embraces every good one of the innumerable varieties in the 170- 
odd known species. I have hundreds of kinds, all of proved merit. 

PHLOXES—a superb assortment, embracing all the latest 
novelties. A specially fine stock of healthy young plants sure to 
bloom next season. Special prices on application. 

DELPHINIUMS—The finest lot of hybrid kinds I have ever 
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varieties. 

SPECIAL OCTOBER OFFER, WHILE THEY LAST, 
of Farr’s Hybrid Delphiniums $2.50 per doz. $18.00 per 100. 
Stock limited. 

Shall I send you my catalogue? It is free to all who are interested 
in hardy plants, And you will find it worth while. 


BERTRAND H. FARR, 809 E Penn St.’ 
Wyomissing Nurseries, Reading, Pa. 


IThe Candy of Character 


On the Character of Candy 
depends its fitness for 
gift making. 


{No Candy is so well fitted 
and graciously accepted as 


‘* Candies of Rare Quality.” 


ANTIQUES 


I have a very large stock of Old China, Old Mahogany 
Fumiture, Brasses, Coppers, Pewter, Antique Jewelry, 
etc. My twenty-page Catalogue quotes descriptions and 
prices of all, Sent to any one interested in Antiques. 

ADA M. ROBERTS 
Box 63, WASHINGTON NEW 


HAMPSHIRE 


viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 


N.LE BRUN& SONS, 
ARCHITECTS, 
NEW YORK CITY 


HE use of that one word ‘* Atlas’’ can make or mar the success 

of your concrete house. Everyone knows the attractiveness and 
value of concrete as a building material, but not everyone knows the 
importance of getting the right brand of cement. 


ATLAS CEMENT 


produces uniform work of the best quality. It is not good in one spot 
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you a one-piece house, every inch of which is fireproof and sanitary. It 
is a delightful building material, a logical one and a typically American 
one. Only be sure you get the right cement—Atlas—the cement of 
which the United States Government bought 4,500,000 barrels for use 
in building the Panama Canal. 


“*Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm”? (sent free) 
“Concrete Country Residences”’ (postage 25 cents) 

“* Concrete Cottages” (sent free) 

** Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction” (postage 10 cents) 


IF YOUR DEALER CANNOT SUPPLY YOU WITH ATLAS, WRITE TO 


THE ATLAS portitano CEMENT Co. 
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Largest output of any cement compary in the world. Over 
50,000 barrels per day 


October, 1909 


AEE RTEAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix 


HOME-MADE SWEETENING 
Mats SUGARING is one of those 


idylls of farm life that we suppose must 

pass away, at least for the larger part of 
the States where it was formerly practised. 
The maple groves are certainly disappearing, 
and maple forests are hard to find. Our fathers 
used to retain fifty or one hundred trees, as 
near the homestead as possible, and there they 
made several hundred pounds each year for 
domestic use. The sugar was very seldom sold, 
but was stored, generally in stone jars, where 
it was packed down in a semi-hardened condi- 
tion. The product was delicious, far beyond 
most of that which now finds its way into our 
families. 

The farmer made his spiles of elder wood, 
with the pith punched out, and drew the sap 
into pans and kettles. This was gathered with 
great care and boiled in huge iron kettles, with 
frequent skimming. When the syrup state 
was secured the product was taken to the 
house, cleansed with eggs or milk, boiled over 
the fireplace, and never adulterated. Very lit- 
tle unadulterated sugar ever goes into market 
to-day. 

Planting new groves is logical. Many a 
family can save its sugar bill as easily as our 
fathers did. Their rule was ten acres of wood 
land out of every hundred, and of the wood 
land one or two acres were sure to be a maple 
grove. At the present time we could not do 
a better thing than p!ant maple windbreaks on 
the west or northern sides of our farms and 
homesteads. Our lawn maples I should hesi- 
tate to recommend for tapping, and yet very 
little harm will be done if the work is done 
neatly and the holes are so filled as to heal 
over completely. The idea is common that 
the sugar maple is not any longer a suitable tree 
for general planting, because subject to the 
attack of insects. This is a total mistake. 
The maple is just as good as ever for street 
and lawn purposes, only it will not endure 
rough work with the ax and saw. When 
planted it should be trimmed up to about the 
right place for limbing, and after that should 
not be touched by the saw. If you cut large 
limbs from the maple you let the sun in onto 
bark that can not resist the heat, and the next 
thing is splitting of the bark, after which come 
the worms. In other words, maple bark is not 
resistant to the full rays of the sun. 

Now keep a few bees and grow your own 
honey, and your sugar bill will pass away. I 
would then plant my windbreaks with alter- 
nate basswood and maple; the first to feed the 
bees and the latter to furnish sap and sugar. 
You can from four hives take up all the honey 
that a large family can use; from a dozen 
hives you can take up seven or eight hundred 
pounds, and add to your income as well as de- 
crease your outgoes. If you have an apple 
orchard or a fruit garden, especially of red 
raspberries, you own a vast amount of honey. 
It simply remains for you to find out whether 
you can collect it or not. The busy bee can 
do this, and they will do it if allowed to make 
a home with you. If not, it will go to waste, 
or it will go to your neighbor’s bees. Those 
country places pay best that look out best for 
these side issues. “The bee meanwhile is mak- 
ing your fruit trees bear better and your bushes 
to yield fertile crops; and it is the bee alone 
that can pollenate otherwise sterile flowers. 
By all means keep a few hives, averaging 
about two for each acre; and make maple sugar 
if you have been wise enough to plant the 
trees. We have fallen too much into the easy 
habit of buying our sugar. : 


Cottage 


Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, 
homeseekers and investors by far the 
most complete collection of plans ever 

brought out, while the price is so low as to 
place them within the reach of all who have 
an interest in the building of homes. The 
designs are compiled with a view to represent- 
ing all grades of cost, from the simplest types 
of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to 
the comparatively elaborate structures reaching 
to. $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the 
fourth series, so that examples are given cover- 
ing nearly every requirement, with respect to 
cost, in inexpensive homes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs 
with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, 
most of which have been erected, ranging in 
cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details 
of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to 
convenient scale, and accompanied by brief 
specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page 
plates of floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 2. Low Cost Houses 
with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected 
designs of cottages originally costing from 
$1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, 
floor plans and details of construction, all drawn 
to scale, together with brief descriptions and, 
in many instances, full specifications and 
detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 
full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
details. 


No. 3. Modern Dwellings 
with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic 
suburban dwellings erected in various parts of 
the country, at costs ranging from $2,800 
to $7,000; embracing floor plans, elevations 
and constructive details, showing interior and 
exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together 
with extracts from the specifications. TIllus- 
trated by means of half-tone reproductions, 
from photographs of the completed structures, 
and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- 
tions and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes 
with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- 
tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from 
about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
elevations and constructive details, showing 
interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, 
together with extracts from the specifications. 
Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions 
from photographs of the completed structures, 
and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations 
and details. 


One Dollar Each, Postpaid 


(SOLD SEPARATELY) 


MUNN & CO. 


Publishers of Scientific American 
361 Broadway, New York 


VERANDAS 


HERE is no part of a house that requires 

more generous treatment than the ve- 

randa. It is the house out of doors, or 
outside of doors. Its front walls are left off, 
and both the air and the sunshine can come 
in freely. In these days, when we are learn- 
ing that we ought to live out of doors, the 
veranda becomes doubly important and at- 
tractive. A shut-up house is a breeder of every 
disease, but on the veranda you can sit be- 
side a tuberculous neighbor with safety. There 
is no more reason why a reasonable animal 
should live shut up than one that can not 
reason. 


A veranda should be at least nine to twelve 
feet wide, for the little excuses that are built 
on to many of our Northern homes are only 
for architectural display. A true veranda is 
big enough for a good stretch out or lay out. It 
will hold half a dozen Morris chairs or good 
rockers. It should go at least around two 
sides of the house, if not three or four. When 
you have got such a veranda as this you will 
want only a few rooms indoors, and so the 
veranda pays for itself. 

Your veranda can be so arranged as to 
be convenient for dining when the weather is 
tolerable, and it can be most easily trans- 
tormed into a_ sleeping-apartment. The 
hammock beds which are coming into vogue 
are just the thing. Hang them so that you 
can draw them up in the daytime under the 
ceiling, which ought to be always open to the 
rafters. You can let them down for an after- 
roon nap, or for an invalid friend, or for 
sleeping of warm nights. Now you have the 
difficulty that your veranda is open to flies 
and mosquitoes. We can fix that. Take wire 
screen, which only costs two cents a square 
foot, and you can screen the entire front of 
your veranda, or such part of it as you please, 
so that no fly can ever enter. Here you are 
out of doors, with a large roomy space, a 
chance to exercise, and you can read in com- 
fort, or you can converse with your friends 
without any annoyance from “the buzzing 
world. If you live in a mosquito country this 
netting is all important. Going around two 
or three sides of your house, it obviates the 
necessity of screening doors and windows. It 
must itself, however, of course, have one 
screen door. 

The floor should slope slightly to carry off 
rains, and I advise you by no means to indulge 
in any white paint. Let the colors be modest 
ard without a power to reflect light. I do 
not myself object to a good deal of sunshine, 
but most people would prefer to have their 
verandas on the west and north sides of the 
house. It depends a little upon the outlook. 
In some cases we command a superb sunset, in 
others a noble valley, or the sunrise. There is 
a power in the morning rays for health and 
giving strength which ought not to be lost. 
Old people and weak people need an eastern 
veranda. The effect of verandas  archi- 
tecturally is not to be overlooked. They are 
far better ornaments than a lot of unmeaning 
bulges of the house, and knickknacks in the way 
of bayed windows. In the Southern States a 
two-story veranda is not uncommon. It cer- 
tainly is very rational, either for a city house 
or for a house in the country. The only 
trouble is that they can be utilized too easily 
for storing rubbish or hanging out clothes on 
Monday. For any purpose of this sort there 
should be a kitchen stoop or veranda. 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


BURLINGTON "i" 


BLINDS 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and 
outdoor veranda. 
Any wood; any 
finish to match trim. and 


Q Equal 500 miles 
northward. Perfect 
privacy with doors 
windows open. 
Darkness and breezes 


Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


in sleeping rooms. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CcO.., 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


you will find the Drama, the Stage, Players and all subjects pertaining to the 
Theatre of intense interest and daily discussion. 


The Theatre Magazine 


is the only publication devoted to the playgoers’ interests in America. 


It is 


the most beautiful magazine published, and its elaborate photographic illustrations 
of Players, Scenes, etc., make it worth preserving in the library of every woman 
of culture and lover of the beautiful. 


Each month’s issue contains articles of current 
and advance interest about Stage Favorites, New 
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Every article is illustrated from exclusive photo- 
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critics, playwrights, managers and players them- 
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Photographs of Stage Favorites Free 


The Theatre Magazine has no rival, suffers no competition. Once you begin to read it you will 
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become a regular subscriber every year. 
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Cut off this coupon, fill in and mail to us with one dollar. We will send you the Theatre 
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The Theatre Magazine, 28 W, 33d Street, New York 


Fashions as seen on the Stage and designed by 
leading actresses for their own roles; showing how 
the Stage is the modern creator of Smart Dress. 

Gossip of intimate Stage Life and anecdotes 
ot famous players. Interviews with Stage 


Celebrities. _ Music and the Opera. 
Photographic reviews of Stars and se te 
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ot A z P Gardens 
descriptions of Stage Novelties as Oct., 709 
originating in London, Paris THEATRE MAGAZINE 
New York 


and Vienna. 
Gentlemen: 

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While you plan 
BEFORE YOU PLANT 


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O V E T T LANDSCAPE 


SERVICE 


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ae, * | 


October, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi 


American Homes and Gardens 
for November 


“Villa al Mare” 


“Villa al Mare” is the charming North Shore home of 
George Lee, Esq., at Beverly Farms, Mass. It may 
easily take rank as among the most individual and pic- 
turesque buildings in America. Designed by Mr. W. G. 
Rantoul, of Boston, in a very individual modification of 
Italian, it is a thoroughly American home, very beauti- 
fully and quite uniquely situated. The illustrations are 
from new and original photographs expressly made for 
this magazine, and the text, by Barr Ferree, is in full 
sympathy with this beautiful subject. 


A Concrete Garden Pedestal 


The practical group of articles on concrete ornaments 
for the garden and how to make them will be continued 
in the third of the series with a detailed description of 
the method to be followed in making a pedestal of con- 
crete for the garden. Ralph C. Davison, the author 
of these articles, presents his subjects in a thoroughly 
practical way, and his very plain directions have only to 
be followed to obtain fine results. The detailed descrip- 
tions of the text are supplemented with drawings show- 
ing how this garden ornament may be constructed. 


The American Shetland Pony 


Do you know that Shetland ponies do not necessarily 
come from the Shetland Islands? Fritz Morris not 
only explains how this is, but tells something of the 


American breed of Shetlands. The numerous illustra- - 


tions are of great novelty and interest. 


Bedroom Window Curtaining 


The best, as well as the newest, things in window-cur- 
taining are matters of special interest to the house- 
keeper. Very charming many of the latest products in 
this direction are. Mrs. Priestman, who is indefati- 
gable in her search for novelties for the house, tells of 
some of the newest ideas, and presents photographs of 
some of her latest finds. 


Japanese Gardens in America 


The amazing interest that in late years has been devel- 
oped in Japanese gardens, both at home and abroad, has 
yielded many interesting results in really notable Japan- 
ese gardens in America. Phoebe Westcott Humphreys 
writes entertainingly on this subject, and not only de- 
scribes some notable examples of this type of garden in 
America, but indicates the lines and principles on which 
they are constructed. The article is richly illustrated 
with new photographs. 


A Farming Experiment by Women 


That women can be farmers may not be generally be- 
lieved, but that they can actually pertorm all the work 
of an extensive farm S. Leonard Bastin proves to 
demonstration in a fascinating paper on this novel sub- 
ject. The article is handsomely illustrated, and both 
shows and tells how this unusual occupation has been 
successfully carried on in the instance under discussion. 


Four California Bungalows 


Four interesting types of California bungalows are illus- 
trated and described by Kate Greenleaf Locke. The 
illustrations include plans and interiors, as well as ex- 
terior views, and the excellent text is amply descriptive. 


Hamiton House 


Hamiton House is a fine old place in Maine that has, in 
the last few years, been completely restored by its pres- 
ent owner, and adorned with a beautiful garden at once 
in sympathy with the mansion itself and with the fine 
old spirit in which it was originally built. Louise Shel- 
ton writes agreeably on this place, which is one of the 
least known of the Colonial mansions of America. 


The Departments 


The regular departments—Monthly Comment, Corre- 
spondence, The Garden—will be found of more than 
usual interest, while a number of lesser practical articles 
round out an issue of special value and helpfulness. 


£L)> 


RATA WF, 
~<a =5S rane 
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xil AMERTCAN HOMES AND” CARDEN: October, 1999 


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“WiLtow Brook House”: the Front Entrance as Seen from the Garden Enclosure 
MoNTHLY CoMMENT—The Aristocracy of the Soil 
NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘‘Willow Brook House,” the Estate of Francis E. Bond, Esq., 
Penllyn, Pennsylvania By Barr Ferree 
CONCRETE ORNAMENTS AND How To MAKE TuHemM—II. A Garden Bench, 
By Ralph C. Davison 
THE INTERESTING Stucco House or W. C. SrrRoNG, Eso., At Wasan, MASSACHUSETTS, 
By Mary H. Northend 
Tue ByRDCLIFFE COLONY OF ARTS AND CRAFTS By Poultney Bigelow 
Tue MopERN Country House By Francis Durando Nichols 
By Edith Haviland 


By Charles A. Brassler 
By Carine Cadby 
By S. Leonard Bastin 


By Alice M. Kellogg 
By Charles Downing Lay 


Some New American Rugs Home-made Sweetening A Florida Fruit Farm. 
Caring for Cannas and Other Roots During Winter. 
The Sand-Box Care of House Plants in Winter. New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - = = FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] ae 


‘ 
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


ieee eae 
» 


“Willow Brook House”: the entrance front as seen from the garden enclosure 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


Volume VI October, | 909 Number 10 


“Willow Brook House”’; the terrace front and terrace 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
The Aristocracy of the Soil 


: s7) ELL-INTENDED persons, accustomed to 


the reposefulness of the average city flat 
or even the proud occupants of a single 
house of a row, who move out into the sub- 
urbs or the country are bound, sooner or 
later, to discover wholly new types of 
human nature. These types may rapidly 
classify themselves into two general sorts, entertaining and 
solemn. Both will be strange enough, but the solemnest of 
all are the aristocrats of the soil, the choice persons who 
were born and bred up on rich mother earth, and whose 
ancestors, for many generations, have been similarly favored. 


THE aristocracy of the soil is one of the most persistent 
products of the countryside. It is not based’on wealth, either 
inherited or acquired. It is not based on personal achieve- 
ment or personal distinction. It is not based on the excel- 
lency of one’s own deeds, nor of those of one’s ancestors. It 
is not based on acreage nor estimated by tons of hay. It has 
nothing to do with personal culture and may be absolutely 
divorced from good manners. It rests on nothing at all but 
continuous, uninterrupted adherence to one spot, to a par- 
ticular piece of soil, to which the aristocrat is as firmly rooted 
as the old oak in the forest or the ancient hemlock that has, 
apparently, always been exactly where it is found. 


OBVIOUSLY it would seem that an aristocracy that is based 
on immovableness should itself be immovable and sum up, 
personify, express and absorb every quality of immovable- 
ness that so fixed a body might be expected to acquire and 
take to itself. For being itself the most splendid example 
and illustration of inertia now visible anywhere to the naked 
eye, how could it continue to be an aristocracy if it or any of 
its members were removed from the particular place in which 
their aristocracy had its origin? Clearly this is impossible; 
and so, although the aristocrat of the soil may lose his acres 
or sell them, he may be depended upon to retain just enough 
ground to enable him to flaunt his magnificent pretensions 
in the faces of the newcomer who has been bold enough or 
rich enough to intrude into a region where, before him, all 
were aristocrats, and of the soil, soily. 


THE poor newcomer! He looks over the rural fields and 
woods and sees the same grass growing on the land as he has 
seen everywhere. ‘The same kind of trees are in the woods 
and forests, the same sort of water in the streams and ponds, 
the same shrubs and flowers in the gardens as he has known 
and seen constantly. ‘They flourish, too, as he has seen them 
flourish elsewhere, and Nature seems serene and smiling every- 
where. Why should not he flourish here, if he could but 
purchase a plot or farm suitable to his needs and his means? 
Why not, indeed? Yet he forgets, as most of us are apt to 
do, the hidden danger in the water, the venomous snakes in 
the stones of the hillside, the noxious weeds that hide their 
poison in the flowers of the fields and forests. Of the aris- 
tocracy of the soil he knows nothing at all. He has not 
heard of the sacred caste of the countryside, that practises 
a self-cult more rigid in its applications and more difficult to 
understand than any high-caste Hindoo ever dreamed or 
thought of. Born and bred in the sound American doctrine 
that all men are equal, it has never occurred to him that 
these simple folk, whom he has looked upon as typically 
American, are,as a matter of fact, the visible exponents of the 
most highly developed aristocracy on the American continent. 


HENCE the line of cleavage that cuts the newcomer apart 
from the old-timer. The new ones may be as aristocratic as 
you please and as proud as Lucifer before his fall, but so 
long as the aristocrats of the soil have any land, or remain, 
like oysters, fixed on the spot of their birth, there will be 
a separation between the two groups as mighty as any ravine 
in myth and legend. And it is a bridgeless depth which 
neither party can cross. For if, by any chance, the new 
people should absorb the old there will be no aristocracy at 
all that can even be so much as talked of; while it is quite 
unthinkable that the old aristocrats should make any ad- 
vances to the new residents. It is unthinkable because no in- 
stances of the sort are known or recognized in the sacred 
traditions of the aristocracy of the soil. 


AND so the green fields and gentle woods of our country- 
side harbor and support a mighty social conflict, not bloody, 
it is true, and perhaps quite supportable on both sides, but 
still strangely un-American, and, one should imagine, foreign 
to our soil. But facts will out, and one has but to settle 
among a lot of old-timers to ascertain how true this situation 
is and how singular aic its manifestations. The aristocrats 
of the soil are thoroughly alive to their own merits. If 
they do not now own as much land as they or their ancestors 
once did, they make up, in a prodigious social and political 
activity, any shortcomings i in acreage. Only real aristocrats 
are admitted to the lofty public offices; boards of education 
are dominated by the same proud class; public activity thrusts 
them into the boards of health; even the courts, when pos. 
sible, are presided over and officered by fine old products of 
the fields and farms. So completely do they dominate their 
home districts that they regard the air and the roads as their 
very own, and when little aristocratlets come into the world 
the glad tidings are conveyed to the entire populace by heralds 
scurrying along the public highways, awakening a sleeping 
population with glad tidings that “It’s a boy!” or “It’s a 
girl!” Quite royal, indeed, are the ways of these old folk, 
who need but the salvos of cannon to complete their resem- 
blance to actual royalty when a new mayor or descendant of 
some former mayor comes onto earth. ‘Thus the circle of 
soil-aristocracy is rounded out, completed and perpetuated. 

¢ is a merry jest, and the merrier because the beneficiaries 
of the system take it so ponderously and so much to heart. 


Tue history of humanity is a history of change and 
progress, and one need not be a trained scientific observer to 
foresee that the end of the aristocracy of the soil is at hand. 
For many, many years there has been no prouder monarch of 
the forest than the chestnut tree, whose lofty height and rich 
fruit have excited the admiration of young and old alike. But 
of late an insidious disease has sapped the strength of these 
splendid trees and is rapidly killing them off. No one can 
look joyfully to the sudden end of the aristocracy of the soil, 
for it would mean the extinction of one of the weirdest types 
of Americans; but there is, perhaps, a simile between the 
fate of the chestnuts and the fate that must, sooner or later, 
befall the aristocrats of the countryside. The newcomers 
are yearly making greater and greater inroads upon the 
domain these good folk once dominated. It is only a ques- 
tion of time when they will be bought out and voted out. 
They will not like it, but the end is certain. Once deprived | 
of public office their doom is sealed, for they will then become 
unimportant and inconsequential. The newcomer must wait, 
but he is bound to come into his own in due course. 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3 


~l 
~“l 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


bid 


“WILLOW BROOK HOUSE” 
The Estate of Francis E. Bond, Esg., 


Penllyn, Pennsylvania 


T WOULD be an unnecessary reflection on 
the taste of the skilful architect of Mr. 
Bond’s interesting house—Mr. Horace 
Trumbauer, of Philadelphia—to say that 
its greatest charm lies in itslovely situation ; 
it would be fairer,and much more accurate, 
to point out that in design and situation 

there is a singularly successful unity that is at once delightful 

and satisfying. It isa restful house, quiet and subdued in its 
structural fabric, straightforward and definite in its plan and 
outline, embellished with a very restrained amount of orna- 


mentation, and so entirely dignified that its mere stateliness 
yields pleasure. Its situation is as peaceful as its own outer 
form. It stands beneath the shadow of an ancient wood. 
There are broad open fields before it, and other great 
stretches of openness behind it; yet a spur of woods has sur- 
vived in between, and here the house is placed, with great 
tall old oaks behind it, and a fewer number mounting guard 
before it, with thicker growths to the right and left, so that, 
in a quite surprising sense, it is a house in the woods. 

It is a low-spreading house, for, as the estate comprises 
about three hundred and fifty acres, there was no need of 


In design and situation there is a successful unity at once delightful and satisfying 


378 


cramping the site. It is built of Harvard brick with white 
marble trimmings, and is two stories in height, with a pitched 
roof that contains the attic-story. In plan it is H-shaped, 
with projecting wings, front and back; on the left is a large 
L, with the longer member brought forward on the entrance 
front, for the accommodation of the service-rooms. 

The exterior parts have been studied with that rare care 
that gives results without hinting the way in which they 
have been achieved. ‘The white marble trim has been em- 
ployed in a delightfully restrained yet completely ample 
manner. Its most conspicuous use is in the monumental en- 
trance doorway, a stately composition of two Roman Doric 
columns supporting an entablature and curved pediment, 
the latter being broken in the center to provide space for 
a decorative cartouche, which is the single piece of applied 
ornament on the whole exterior. This handsome frame 
does not, however, stand alone. It rises immediately above 
a terrace, floored with red brick, laid in herring-bone fashion; 
it is reached by wide marble steps and enclosed within a 
marble balustrade. Other than these parts the front offers 
only windows and window-frames. The latter are of wood, 
painted white; the sills are everywhere of white marble, as 
are the lintels in the first story; in the second story the lintels 
are flat brick arches with marble keystones. ‘The cornice is 
simply dentaled, and of wood, and the quoins on the corners 
of the pavilions are built up of brick, a surface modeling 
that helps but which does not intrude. 

The admirable study lavished on the important parts of 
this front is repeated in the minor details. In the wing that 
connects the main portion of the house with the longer arm 
of the service building is a small door that admits to that 
department. It is but a minor feature, but is very well done. 
The door stands at the top of a small flight of marble steps; 
it is provided with a simple iron railing with brass orna- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


ments. ‘The doorway has but its frame, but this is sur- 
mounted with its hood, built of wood and painted white, a 
simple little pediment, open in the center, below, and sup- 
ported on two plainly molded corbels. All the front of the 
house is beautifully planted with evergreens, rhododendrons 
and other shrubs. 

The entrance front is elevated above the surrounding 
ground and the outer roadway by but a foot or two of 
brick base; the inner parts are supported by a terrace that, 
on the rear, rises high above the outer lower ground. It 
has a brick retaining wall, capped with a band of white 
marble. Immediately in the rear this space develops into a 
wide terrace, with paths of brick and broad stretches of 
grass. Architecturally the two main fronts of the house 
are identical in design, the doorways and window treatment 
in both being the same. Here, however, there is no enclos- 
ing balustrade, but one steps directly from the door onto 
the bricked path; on either side is a marble seat, and beyond 
is a grouping of sago palms. It is very soft and pleasant 
here, the outlook being into the grove of trees immediately 
below the terrace, and the architecture being at once so 
simple and so refined. The trees may be reached by a great 
flight of steps that descend from the center of the terrace; 
they have red brick risers and white marble treads. At 
the head of the steps are two sleeping lions, and above them, 
on the terrace, and at each corner, is a superb white mar- 
ble vase. Save for a border of low-clipped box there is no 
other planting here. In addition to the terraces, front and 
back, the house has two porches. The larger of these is 
on the end of the left of the rear terrace and covers most 
of that side. It is a broad and spacious porch, with a 
roof supported on plain columns; it has much the general 
character of an outdoor sitting-room. There is a smaller 
porch on the opposite end in the corner by the dining- 


The hall and the paneled stairway 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The hall looking towards the fireplace 


room. The service-wing has also its porch, which overlooks 
the very ample service-yard, which is enclosed within a 


brick wall. 


The hall is the principal room of the house, and is a 
large and splendid apartment completely filling the center 
of the building. The main doorway opens directly into 
it without the intervention of a vestibule. It is paneled in 
oak to the ceiling, with broad-channeled pilasters that sup- 
port the beams, which are strongly molded in white plaster 
with plain panels of the same material. The room is 
lighted by windows on the two longer sides, there being 
four in each, with a central doorway. The ends are filled 
with doorways and openings to the adjoining rooms. On 
the left the middle opening admits to the staircase, which 
is thus completely enclosed, and ascends to the second story 
between solidly paneled walls. At the summit they lead to 
a corridor that extends along the front of the house*and 
from which the principal rooms open. ‘The woodwork, 
including the molded frames of the doors and windows, 
is oak. There is a choice collection of old furniture here, 
including some elaborately carved cabinets and chests. The 
walls are hung with a two-toned green paper. 

There are many objects of interest in the lower hall. The 
furniture is, for the most part, antique, and is covered 
with red silk damask and with tapestry, or with red leather. 
There are handsomely carved cabinets and many beautiful 
ornaments. ‘The sidelights are silver in candle form, and 
are applied to the pilasters, while in two of the corners 
stand a pair of immense wrought-iron candelabra, fitted 
with electricity. The. mantel is Caen stone, with red brick 
lining and a hearth of Welsh tile; the large antique and- 
irons are of wrought iron. ‘The floor is hardwood and is 
almost completely covered with a single vast oriental rug. 
A final note of color is supplied by the superb portiéres of 


crimson silk damask that hang before the great openings 
at each end of the hall. 

An even more extended catalogue of the contents of this 
spacious room would, however, be quite deficient in convey- 
ing an idea of its charm. It is a room permeated with 
cheer. Its great size affords ample scope for abundant fur- 
nishings without the least suggestion of over-crowding; and 
its lighting is so bountiful and brilliant that the entire room 
speaks a hearty welcome that seems the true hall quality, 
a quality often sought, but seldom obtained so completely 
as here. 

The other chief rooms are naturally subordinate to this 
splendid apartment. On the right are the library and den; 
on the left, the dining-room and breakfast-room. ‘The ter- 
race or inner front being regarded as the more important, 
the library and dining-room are on that side; the other 
rooms are on the entrance front. 

The library is paneled in oak to the ceiling. ‘The panels 
are arranged in two tiers, a lower or wainscot series and 
a longer upright row. ‘The cornice is finely detailed, and 
the white plaster ceiling enriched with an oval wreath and 
garlands of leaves. The mantel is Caen stone. The room, 
being located in one of the corner pavilions, has windows 
on two sides. These are supplied with thin, white sash- 
curtains, and inner curtains of rich blue-green tapestry. 
The furniture is chiefly antique, and includes a number of 
interesting pieces. One whole side is completely shelved 
with built-in shelving. ‘The sidelights are bronze. 

A corridor adjoins the library and affords a means of 
access to the side porch from the central hall. Beyond 
it is the den, which, as has been stated, is on the entrance 
front. Its walls are encased with a high panel of oak, 
divided into narrow, upright panels, above which is a 
frieze of brown and gold, and a dentaled cornice. The wood 


380 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 


The den is paneled in oak 


mantel has facings, lining and hearth of red brick, and brass 
andirons and fender. The window-curtains are in silk ap- 
pliqué in rich tones of browns and gold. 

The dining-room is on the opposite side of the great hall. 
Its general treatment is similar to that of the library. That 
is to say, the walls are paneled to the ceiling, which has 
a decorated oval within an ornamental frame. The mantel 
is Caen stone, and the fireplace has elaborately designed 
andirons of wrought iron. ‘The room is, however, intensely 
individual in treatment and in design, and is in no sense a 
repetition of the library. The window-curtains are of figured 


green silk damask, and the antique furniture has seats of 
dark green leather. ‘The sidelights are of silver, and in 
two corners are great silver altar-lights. A superb piece of 
Chinese silk embroidery is hung against one of the walls. 

The breakfast-room occupies one of the pavilions of the 
entrance front. It has a low wainscot of wood, painted 
white, as in the other woodwork of the room. Above, the 
walls are hung with a light green paper in two tones. 
The mantel is wood with red brick facings, lining and 
hearth; the fireplace has brass andirons. The curtains are 
green and blue silk and the chairs are the old-fashioned 
rush-bottom kind. The sidelights are bronze. 

The chief external feature of the estate is the Italian 
garden. ‘This lies directly before the entrance door, on the 
farther side of the road by which the house is reached. 
It is entirely enclosed within a wall, built of Harvard brick, 
and without ornamental features of any sort save the plain 
piers at the entrance, with their simple caps of stone. The 
coping of the wall elsewhere is of brick. The entrance is 
effected by means of a low flight of marble steps, the en- 
closing piers of. which have sloping marble slabs. At the 
base are two seated lions holding upright shields. It is 
extremely simple, but immensely effective. 

The garden within has been arranged with fine taste. In 
a general sense it is cruciform in plan, and consists of a 
center running directly out from the entrance and two wings 
or transepts, applied to the middle of each side. The chief 
ornamentel features are confined to the center, which is 
finished with semicircular ends, front and back. At the 
farthest end the vista is closed with a semicircular pergola, 
of white Ionic columns with rafters stained brown. This is 
raised above the general level by several marble steps and 
has a floor of Welsh tile. 


In the center of the garden is an octagonal basin, in the 


The dining-room has a distinct individuality of its own 


October, 1909 


midst of which is a carved marble vase surmounted with 
a bronze cupid that serves as a fountain. The entire enclosed 
space is grassed, save for the gravel paths and the group 
of flower beds near the center. These are gay with flowers, 
and are filled, for the most part, with old-fashioned plants 
that are so generous of their flowering. There are flower 
borders all around the enclosing walls, and close by the per- 
gola are low trellises, stained brown, for the support of 
trained fruit trees. 

Each transept is entered by an archway or arbor of wood, 
painted white, and surmounted by a segmental arch. They 
stand in the center of a rectangular recess arranged in the 
body of the side walls, the space between the walls and the 
arbors being filled in with a screen of evergreens. ‘The 
transepts are treated with delightful simplicity, and are 
enclosed lawns with floral borders next the walls. Each 
ends in a semicircular apse, in the center of which the solid 
wall gives way for a balustraded bay, beneath which is a 
built-in-seat. As elsewhere, the planting here is chiefly of 
the old-fashioned sorts, and is largely of hollyhocks and fox- 
gloves. Wonderfully brilliant and delightful these tran- 
septs must be in their period of full flowering, with their 
simple quiet centers, and their rich gay borders! 

Although the enclosing wall of the Italian garden em- 
phasizes its separation from the rest of the estate, and at 
once creates and maintains its identity, the planting imme- 
diately exterior to it is really an integral part of it. The 
entrance is set back but a slight distance from the outer 
roadway, but there is quite sufficient space between it 
and the wall to permit of a generous planting of small 
trees and shrubs. On the other side, beyond the innermost 
wall, is a hedge of lilacs rising above the wall coping; and 
here, also, are many climbing roses and clematis which, rising 


HOT a 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 381 


The corridor of the second floor 


up without the garden, clamber over the wall, with long 
branches falling inward. Beyond are immense open fields, 
but some fine old oaks rise between the garden and the 
house, which on that side is thus slightly shaded. But, 
for the most part, the garden lies in the warm sun, for 
the better growing of the flowers and the greater brilliance 
of their blooming. 

A final word or two on the stable. Although compar- 
atively near the house, this is scarcely visible from any 
part of it save the kitchen wing. It is an immense build- 


The library is paneled in oak and has a Caen stone mantel 


382 


ing arranged around three sides of a vast open court. 
The coachman’s house is a cottage at one side of the 
entrance. It is built of Harvard brick, and has a shingled 
roof, with woodwork painted white. A characteristic feature 
is the wagon-shed on one side, with two immense concrete 
piers to uphold the 
roof. It need hardly 
be added that the 
equipment of this great 
structure is the best 
that can be had. 

Dignity and calm of 
the most delightful 
and restful kind per- 
vades the whole place. 
The house is spacious, 
and stands in an ample 
estate; yet, notwith- 
standing the excellence 
of its architecture, it 
is entirely unassuming 
and modest. In no 
sense does it dominate 
the countryside, for 
the fine old trees, be- 
neath which it has 
been built, shelter it 
naturally and give it 
the choicest screen that Nature can provide when in one of 
her happiest moods. 

The fascination of these trees linger long in memory. 
They give the house shade and environment; the mansion 
is, for all practical purposes, a house built in the woods; 
yet, as a matter of fact, it stands just within the wood 
boundary, sufficiently within the woods to be within them, 
and is still at its very borders. Hence, the remarkable 
association of the formal garden with the house. A garden 
in the woods is something hardly to be thought of, since 
a garden implies and necessitates sunlight, for which the 
woods are Nature’s own protection. But the situation for 
‘Willow Brook House” was so happily chosen that almost 
without it, space, and ample space, was obtained for a 
formal garden, entirely adequate in size, and laid out in the 
most brilliant sunlight, so that all sorts of beautiful plants 
and shrubs and flowers might flourish forth within it. 

This is a result that the most skilful taste in gardening 
could not, alone, have accomplished. It is a result brought 
about by Nature herself, by the fortunate and delightful 
combination of Nature’s own forces, seized upon and util- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The fountain in the garden 


October, 1909 


ized in an exceedingly fine way by the designer of the place 
and developed in the most advantageous manner possible. 

It is worth while to keep these elemental facts in mind, 
since real success in the development of a country estate— 
of a large country estate, of which that of ‘‘Willow Brook 

House” is a more than 


ordinarily interesting 
example — is largely 
dependent upon 


its natural advantages 
and environment. 
That very beautiful 
effects have some- 
times been accom- 
plishedon what 
seemed to be unpropi- 
tious sites does not 
diminish the © signifi- 
cance of the basic con- 
ditions under which 
such undertakings are 
best carried out. 

A very fine result 
has been accomplished 


at “Willow Brook 
House”? because the 
spot of spots was 


chosen for the house. 
It is easy of access to the outer world. It was a superb 
site for a house, considered simply as a house and without 
any other buildings or the relationship to anything else. 
It enabled the stable to be built at a closely convenient point, 
yet in a situation that kept it quite away from the residence. 
And crowning advantage of all, it permitted the laying out 
of a beautiful flower-garden at precisely the right spot and 
in a highly original manner. For the garden is part of the 
house, yet it is apart from it. It stands in direct relation 
to it, yet it is completely isolated. And this isolation is not 
from the house alone, but from the entire estate. This result 
is accomplished, of course, by the building of the brick wall 
by which it is surrounded. Yet everything has its relation- 
ship in such matters. This isolation was essential. The 
garden must begin and it must end. A line of demarkation 
of some kind must be made somewhere. The wall around 
the garden accomplishes this essential end, accomplishes it 
quietly and in perfect taste. And the glorious trees that 


stand without it on one side necessitate it and demand it. 
For such a house, so situated, an enclosed and separated 
garden was absolutely essential. 


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October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


383 


Concrete Ornaments for the Garden and How to Make Them 
I1—A GARDEN BENCH 


By Ralph C. Davison 


HE accompanying illustration, Fig. 1, shows 
ar se a concrete bench which is especially designed 
with a view of meeting the demand for a 
simple yet artistic piece of lawn furniture, 
and at the same time can be made with a 
minimum amount of skill and expense by 
those who are as yet uninitiated in this 
A detail drawing of 
the end-supports or the 
bench pedestals is shown in 
Fig. 2, and details of each 
piece used in the making of 
the wood mold for these 
end-supports are shown in 
Pigs) 3. he “assembled 
mold ready for placing the 
concrete is shown in Figs. 
4 and 5. 

The first thing to do is 
to procure a I-inch board, 
12 inches wide by 16 inches 
long, and cut it to the shape 
shown in Fig. 3 at d. This 
is to be used for the bottom of the mold as shown in Fig. 4. 
Now cut another piece of board, also 1 inch thick, shaped as 
shown in Fig. 3 at B, and nail it down in its proper position 
on piece d. The next piece to make is piece C in Fig. 3. 
This piece forms the recessed panel; this panel as shown in 
Fig. 2 is only % inch deep, therefore this piece should be 
made of 14-inch board. Nail this securely in position, as 
shown in Fig. 4 on piece B. Be sure to bevel the edges of 
pieces B and C, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, for if 
this is not done one will have trouble in releasing the mold 
from the concrete when it is set or hardened. Now pro- 
ceed to make the pieces D, E, F, G, H, J, J, K, L and M, 
all of 1-inch thick material, care being taken to follow the 
dimensions given closely. When 
these pieces are all made, as- 
semble them as shown in Fig. = 

| 


work. 


4, using as few nails as possible 

in securing the pieces to one an- 

other; for when the concrete is | 
hardened, the form or mold will 
have to be removed from it, and | 
the fewer the nails used the easier ‘8 © 
the form can be stripped from | 
the cast. In making the form, | 
use green or unseasoned wood, as 

it is less liable to warp when the | 


——— 


| 
ay 
Lae 


Fig. 1—The finished bench 


et 


plaster of Paris, care being taken, however, to have every- 
thing square and true. 

After having trued the mold up, the inside of it should 
again be shellacked, and when thoroughly dry, a thin coat of 
fairly thick oil should be given to all parts of the mold which 
will come in contact with the wet concrete. The mold is now 
ready to be filled with the concrete mixture, which should be 
composed of 1 part Port- 
land cement, 2 parts of 
good clean sharp sand, and 
2 parts of trap rock or peb- 
bles ranging in size from 14 
to % inch. The method of 
mixing the concrete is as 
follows: It is important to 
follow the directions close- 
ly, for if the concrete is not 
properly mixed, an inferior 
product will be the result. 
First the sand should be 
evenly spread on a level 
water-tight platform. The 
cement should then be 
spread upon the sand. Then, after thoroughly mixing the 
cement and sand together until it is of a uniform color, 
water should be added, preferably by spraying, and the mass 
thoroughly turned over and over by means of a shovel or 
hoe until it is of a uniform consistency of a fairly thick putty. 
To this mortar should be added the stone or gravel, which 
has previously been drenched with water, and the whole mass 
should then be mixed or turned over until the aggregate or 
stone is thoroughly coated with mortar. An ordinary 
garden rake is an excellent tool with which to distribute the 
stones through the mortar, as it will distribute them more 
uniformly than a shovel. 

The concrete thus mixed should be deposited in the form ~ 
or mold as soon after mixing as 
possible. Under no conditions 
deposit concrete in molds which 
has been mixed more than two 
hours. To fill the mold 
use a shovel, care being 
taken to deposit the con- 
crete into all of the corners. 
Tamp or tap it down well with 
the end of a piece of board. 
If the concrete has been proper- 
ly mixed, this tamping will 
bring to the surface of the 


kK — 7'— 


: iS Night leper 


wet concrete mixture comes in ee mass a slight skim of water. 
contact with it. Before assem-- =e }_+_ The mold should first be about 
bling the mold, each piece should ee Ol A re a half filled, and then a strip of 


be shellacked thoroughly on 
both sides as well as on the ends. 
This will, in a great measure, prevent the mold from absorb- 
ing moisture, and will thus prevent any tendency of the 
mold to warp or buckle. After having assembled the pieces, 
as shown in Fig. 4, if for any reason the joints do not match 
up as well as they might, they can be filled with putty or 


Fig. 2—Details of bench pedestal 


Clinton wire-cloth or other steel 
reinforcing fabric should be 
placed in the form, as shown by the dotted lines in the plan- 
view of the assembled mold in Fig. 4. The proper size of 
wire-cloth to use is that known as 3-inch by 12-inch mesh, 
made of Nos. 8 and 10 gage steel wire. If wire-cloth is not 
available, any good No. 8 gage steel wire, cut and placed as 


384 


shown, will answer the purpose. After having placed the 
reinforcing, continue to deposit the concrete, and tamp it 
down until it is level with the top of the sides D and E of 
the mold. Scrape or float this surface level, and then take 
the cross-strips L and M, shown in Fig. 3, and secure them 
to the top of the mold and against the end pieces H J and 
J K, as shown by the dotted lines in the side elevation in 
Fig. 4. [hese crosspieces not only act as a form for the 
edges a and b of the pedestal, as shown in Fig. 2, but they 
also act as a brace to the sides of the form, and prevent them 
from spreading apart, due to the weight of the plastic con- 
crete pushing against them. 

After having secured these pieces in place, fill the portion 
of the mold thus formed flush with the top of the strips and 
the end-pieces G and F. ‘amp the concrete down, and 
smooth the surface 
off nicely. The fill- 
ing of the mold is 


je 


| 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


SS 


October, 1909 


slab, so as to know which surface the reinforcing is nearest 
to, after the slab is cast, as it is important when placing the 
slab on the pedestals to always have the reinforcing nearest 
the underside of the seat. Shellack and oil the inside of 
the mold, and proceed to fill it with a mixture composed of 
the same material as was used for the pedestals. First fill 
the mold to a depth of % inch, and then lay in the reinforc- 
ing as indicated in Fig. 5, and on top of this place the re- 
maining 2% inches of concrete and tamp it down well. 
This top surface will be the top of the finished bench-seat, 
therefore it will pay to take pains in finishing it to as 
smooth a surface as one can. Cure or harden the slab in the 
same manner as described for curing the pedestals. It is 
well, however, not to attempt to remove the under part of 
the mold for at least from seven to ten days. ‘The sides of 
the form can be re- 
moved any time 
after forty-eight 


now complete, and 
it should not be dis- 
turbed for at least 
twenty-four hours, 
after which the 
cement should be 
wet down occasion- 
ally with a spray for 
at leasta day. After 
having set or hard- 
ened for two days, 
the cast can be re- 
moved from the 
mold, and can be set 
aside to be cured or 
to harden up. This 


Two of JAzs To 


is done by sprinkling his 7 Sides [and 


/ tuch Thick 


Two of this one perce 
/2" Long and one pezce 
/F “Long. 


hours. 

A good smooth 
surface can be given 
to the bench by wet- 
ting it down well 
and rubbing it with 
a fairly fine grade of 
carborundum brick. 
By tooling the re- 
cessed panel in the 
outer sides of the pedestals by means 
] of gently striking the surface with a 
-!| ! chisel and hammer, a good stony 
S effect will be produced, which will 
| greatly add to the appearance of 
ih the ends. 

If on taking off the mold the cast 


k— 6%" —4 


—— 
0 


Z Thick 
7o fore 
Panel 


[—— s°—4 


ye 


Gl /i2 ee 


Bein zx Peice A. “F‘and G" : ne 

it with water two or should in any way be injured, the 
three times a day damaged parts can readily be re- 
for at least seven to placed or filled in 
tens adays-, 1 Carrie in ae natl hole marks by applying and 
should be taken (eae ees L forming into shape 
when removing the PE a Se ye Me ampere alee a cement mortar com- 


mold not to injure it 
or the cast, as the 
mold, if not broken, 
can be used over 
and over again. In 
removing the mold 
from the cast, first 
detach the  cross- 
Strips 7 and! iM; 
then the pieces H, /, J and K, then the end-pieces F and G, 
next the side-pieces & and D, and then the bottom-piece, 
composed of pieces 4, B and C.. Before using the mold 
again, it should be thoroughly cleaned of any particles of 
cement which may have adhered to it. After having cleaned 
it well, oil the inside and proceed to assemble it as before, 
and cast the other pedestal for the bench in a similar manner 
as explained above. 

The next step is to cast the slab or seat of the bench. 
This is 5 feet long by 18 inches wide by 3 inches thick. ‘The 
form or mold for this is nothing more or less than an 
oblong box, having a bottom 5 feet long by 18 inches wide 
and four sides each 3 inches high, as shown in Fig. 7. The 
bench-seat should be reinforced with the same size of wire- 
cloth as was used in the pedestals, or by three 14-inch 
round rods spaced 6 inches apart. The reinforcing steel 
should extend within 3, inches of all four sides, and should 
be placed about % inch from the under surface of the slab, 
as shown in Fig. 7. 

It would be well to clearly mark the under-surface of the 


Fig. 3—Details of molds for bench pedestals 


i wo pose ot ae 
om —= re ment to I or 2 parts 

: Re ee ee of sand. Before ap- 
® Oe A ea plying this mortar, 
eh be sure to wet down 


the surface of the 
cast thoroughly, for 
if not, trouble will 
be had in securing a 
good and permanent bond. In setting the bench up, place 
the pedestals about 7 inches in from the ends of the slab, as 
shown in the illustration. 

It is unnecessary to secure the slab to the pedestals in 
any way, as its weight will keep it in place. If one should 
wish the top edges of the slab beveled off, a triangular strip 
of wood can be secured along the bottom edges of the mold, 
as shown in the cross-section of the slab-mold in Fig. 7. 

By following along the same general directions as given 
for making the bench, shown in Fig. 1, one may elaborate 
on the design of the bench pedestals. For instance, in Fig. 
8 is shown a pedestal having curved outlines. The model for 
this is made similar to the mold shown in Fig. 4, with the 
exception of the sides. A simple way to make a form for a 
design of this kind is to use sheet tin or thin galvanized iron, 
as shown in Fig. 8. If one has not the facilities for cutting 
and bending the tin to shape, any tinsmith will do it for a 
trifling cost. All that is necessary to do in this case is to 
furnish the tinsmith with a full-sized drawing of the outline 
required and the width of the tin of which to make it. This 


Slight Taper D 
atend of 
Peeces D.& E. 


Slipathin 7] 
weed wedge 


tm here 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 38 


CA 


Tn This case place retnforcing 


Z at top 
: dotted lies - 


e 


Ode View 


Dolled Lines SfeoW A 
*_ cross slripes : 


"” 


Plav of Assembled Mould 


Showing Location of 
Pezices tu Mould when 
Assemblez 


K Fig. 4—Assembled 
mold for pedestal 


End View of ould 


width will be the same as the depth of the mold, and in 
no case need the depth of the mold be more than 7 inches. 
It is always well to brace these tin sides of the mold by means 
of strips of wood as shown in Fig. 8. This will prevent 
them from bulging when the concrete mixture is placed in 
the mold. 

Some very interesting surface effects can be obtained in 


Fig. 5—The parts of the mold 


Fig. 


6—The mold complete 


Of nould 25 Shows oY 


If beveled edyecs 
destred on edge of Slab 
place triangular Strip 2S 


shown alony bottom cage 


of mmo wuld, 


Dolled Li72es Show 
fein forccrg. 


Fig. 7—Detail of bench top or slab showing reinforcing 


and detail of mold 


the pedestals by using selected aggregates or stones. When 
using this method, the concrete is mixed exactly as previously 
explained, with the exception that instead of using plain 
pebbles or trap-rock, one should use trap-rock and white 
marble or broken-up red brick. The size of the pieces used 
should not exceed 14 inch to *4, inch. Place the mixture in 
the mold as explained. 


Fig. 9—The texture obtained by using selected aggregates 


386 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 


190g 


The Interesting Stucco House of W. C. Strong, Esg., at Waban, Massachusetts 


By Mary H. Northend 
Photographs by the Author 


T WABAN, MASSACHUSETTS, is lo- 
cated the charming all-the-year-round home 
of Mr. William C. Strong, which was de- 
signed by Messrs. Hill and James, archi- 
tects, of Boston. It stands well back from 
the roadway, on a slightly rising land, and 
in style might be termed an American de- 

velopment of the English cottage. The exterior finish is of 

stucco, tinted a light buff color, with trimmings and blinds 
stained a dark bronze green, producing a combination at 
once harmonious and effective. 

The shingled roof, with its deep overhang, reminding one 
of the old-time thatched roof, is painted a rather dark moss 
green, and in the rounded massing of its lines accentuates 
the impression of lowness and compactness conveyed by the 
general shape of the house and its closeness to the ground. 


The small lights of glass, with which the quaint grouped 
windows are fitted, strengthen the effect of the old English 
type of cottage, as do the broad verandas, located at the 
rear of the house, and incorporated within the main build- 
ing by the overhanging of the roof. 

The house is susceptible to beautiful development from a 
landscape point of view, and bids fair in the’near future, 
when the flowering vines that have started to clamber over 
the ivory-tinted latticework, arranged as a partial screening 
for the verandas, reach the height of their perfection, and 
the wealth of shrubbery planted all about is in its prime, 
of being vastly more attractive than at the present time. 

Entrance from the highway is by means of a narrow 
graveled path, flanked on either side by stretches of sward, 
which leads to a quaint covered porch supported by stout 
columns. The entrance door gives upon a rather small hall- 


The style may be termed an American development of the English cottage 


October. 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 387 


SUNS 


SUS 


Floor plans and elevations 


388 


AMERICAN 


The window-seat of the living-room 


way, simply and attractively fitted up, from one side of 
which ascends a winding staircase. 

From one end opens the living-room, a spacious apartment 
connected with the rear veranda by means of long French 
windows. ‘The woodwork is painted white, and the wall 
space above the low wainscot is hung with green grass cloth. 
Dainty cretonne curtains shade the small-paned windows, 
and beneath the broad side window extends a low window- 
seat cushioned in tones harmonizing with the wall hangings. 
A feature of the room is the large open fireplace at one end, 
to the right of which extends a built-in bookcase. Other 
bookcases are arranged along the wall space beside the win- 
dow-seat, and their shelves contain many volumes highly 
prized by the owner. The furniture consists chiefly of 
Colonial pieces, and the walls are adorned with numerous 
fine pictures as well as a beautiful old-time mirror. 

To the right of the hallway opens the reception-room, 
a cosy apartment, finished in white, the walls hung with soft- 
toned paper of dainty pattern. A great bow window shaded 
by muslin curtains occupies a prom- 
inent place at one side, and furnishes 
a pretty nook in which to lounge and 
contemplate the extensive view obtain- 
able from this point. The floor is of 
polished hardwood, as are all the 
floors throughout the house, and it is 
partly covered by a large art square. 
The furniture in this room, as in the 
living-room, is Colonial in style, and 
includes some of the choicest speci- 
mens of Chippendale chairs. 

Beyond the living-room is the din- 
ing-room, finished in cypress, stained 
a soft-brown, the plaster walls 
above the high-paneled wainscot tint- 
ed a light buff, and edged with a 
narrow brownmolding. A large open 
fireplace, constructed of red brick laid 
in white mortar, is found at one side, 
and it is topped with a broad mantel 
supported by richly ornamented stand- 
ards. A large bow window, beneath 
which extends a cushioned seat, lights 
the room from the rear, and long 
French windows connect at one side 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


with the smaller veranda, glass en- 
closed and used as a conservatory, 
abloom with sweet-smelling plants. 

The service department opens from 
a narrow passage which separates it 
from the main hallway, and includes 
a large kitchen, with high dresser ar- 
ranged at one side, suggesting the 
Dutch or Colonial kitchen of olden 
days, as well as a good-sized pantry 
and spacious china closet. It is en- 
tered from the exterior by a separate 
door. 

On the second floor are six cham- 
bers and two large bathrooms, and on 
the third floor are more chambers, 
and trunk and storage rooms. The 
house is lighted throughout by elec- 
tricity, and heated with steam, and its 
cost complete was $9,400. 

It is, I think, quite easy to discover 
the real points of interest in this 
modest little house. They do not 
need discovery, indeed, for they stand 
frankly and openly before one, for he 
who will recognize them. ‘There is, to begin with, a com- 
paratively modest size; yet it is ample and sufficient for the 
demands made upon the house in the matter of accommo- 
dations. Surely, more than this is not needed, and when 
this has been accomplished, one of the first essentials in 
house design has been carried to a successful conclusion. 

Then, again, there is fine taste shown in the design. This 
is, often enough, and perhaps quite rightly, the aspect of 
the house that appeals to most people. We can all see 
the outside of a house, but comparatively few of us ever 
get within it. The design here is as modest as the size and 
dimensions of the house, yet it is a design of thorough 
charm, of distinct originality, and of quiet graceful beauty. 

Mr. Strong merits hearty congratulations on his beautiful 
house. ‘he money-cost was moderate, yet the beauty and 
convenience obtained is thoroughly sufficient. The sheets 
of architectural drawings which accompanies this article 
will make clear some of the steps taken by the architects in 
reaching this satisfactory result. 


iJ wane 
+ a 


a 


The dining-room has a high wainscot 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 389 


*Tis a real city of the forest 


The Byrdcliffe Colony of Arts and Crafts 


By Poultney Bigelow 


Photographs Copyrighted by Jessie Tarbox Beals 


“FUGE MAGNA! Licet sub paupere tecto 
Reges et regum vita praecurere amicos!” 
—Horace, Epistle X, to his friend Fuscus, 2000 years ago. 
Free translation: “Don’t put on too much style. The right sort of 


girl will prefer a straw hat on your head to a golden crown on any 
others!” 


HE provocation to this poor effort of mine 
consists in a set of admirable pictures 
made by Miss Jessie Tarbox Beals, of New 
York, and a flattering invitation from the 
editors to write something worthy of these 
illustrations. From Ralph Radcliffe White- 
head or his wondrous wife I have no per- 

mission, much less from Birge Harrison, and in these lines 

I am deliberately jeopardizing my friendship with them in 

the higher hope of doing something for the encouragement 

of real living art in my country. Before this manuscript 
can see the light I shall be on my way to the Far East, es- 
caping from merited censure, and yet I venture to recom- 
mend my readers to place themselves in communication with 
the heads of this remarkable colony if they are interested in 
the success of this work as is the writer of these indiscretions. 

To him who motors, or drives, or bikes, or tramps in the 
southern slopes of the Catskills no more delightful objective 
can be imagined than the neighborhood of Woodstock, in 
Ulster County, New York, which lies maybe a dozen miles 
westward from the Hudson River, and not to be confused 
with a dozen other Woodstocks of lesser charm. 

To this neighborhood came a pupil of the great Ruskin 
some years ago, and here he determined to plant the seed of 
truth in handicraft, to found in this most illiterate county of 
the Empire State a colony devoted to the artistic work which 
make us to-day honor the name of Medici and medieval 
Florence. With his American wife, herself an artist, he 
bought a large tract of forest and here within the last five 
years has arisen one bungalow after another, each the home 
of artists in one form or another, painter or sculptor, weaver 
or dyer, metal-worker or wood-carver, in short, here is a city 


of the forest where every tree is a soul in sympathy with the 
workers under its branches. 

You already detect my allusion to Ralph Radcliffe White- 
head. 

The idly curious are not invited, and, thank God, auto- 
mobiles are barred as well; also, all merely mechanical forms 
of progress, intellectual or otherwise. 

In this atmosphere does our eminent landscape-painter, 
Birge Harrison, conduct his summer school made up of sixty 
or more members of the Art Students’ League. He has a 
beautiful home here on the edges of the colony proper and 
his students of both sexes are an immense addition to the 
social gaiety of Byrdcliffe, for such is the name of this sylvan 
paradise. 

Is not the very name of Birge Harrison’s retreat an in- 
vitation to close one’s life in sylvan savagery, Huckleberry 
Fen? And his post-office is Bearsville! Do not we instinct- 
ively call up visions of ancient sages communing with God 
in the jungles of India or in those sacred solitudes of Egypt 
where Osiris came upon the earth? To see Birge Harrison 
in the midst of his disciples, the sacred phalanx of white 
umbrellas and studio aprons, one might imagine a spirit 
from a higher world come to this stony segment of a Philis- 
tine county to do a labor of love as Krishna did for truth in 
his time. May the life of this noble man long be spared is 
the prayer of his pupils, for while many are ready to fill a 
pulpit on Fifth Avenue, few there are so eager to preach in 
the wilderness. 

The artist is your true man of the people, for he fears no 
comparison with any man—he fears no revolution of goy- 
ernment, for any political change would leave him still 
amongst the masters. 

Therefore, when each Saturday night the colony has its 
dance in the casino or gymnasium, no dress-suit is permitted 
on the floor; young men and maidens disport themselves in 
such studio or working-dress as suits their complexion or 
purse, and such dancing as at Byrdclitfe is not to be found 
anywhere else this side of the Hungarian Danube. 


A living-room fireplace A chimney of real utility 


BUNGALOWS AND COTTAGES OF THE B) 


Photographs Copyrigh 


A true home in the woods A quaint interior 


DCLIFFE COLONY OF ARTS AND CRAFTS 


Jessie Tarbox Beals 


Pe: 


A use of native stone A nature lover's home 


A living-room fireplace Adiiney diel utility (Niel homenn ihetwoods A quaint interior 


BUNGALOWS AND COTTAGES OF THE BYRDCLIFFE COLONY OF ARTS AND CRAFTS 


Photographs Copynstied by Jeuie Tarbox Beals 


392 
Mrs. Whitehead is famous for the art with which she has 


revived the stately and quaint dances of our grandparents, 
and each dancing-night the company is surprised by another 
addition to the list already large. There are plenty of 
musical volunteers at Byrdcliffe, and these succeed one an- 
other at the piano to the delight of the dancers, to say 
nothing of amateurs whose talents and good nature provide 
the assembly with extra instruments now and then. One 
looks for novelty, quite as a matter of course, and is seldom 
appreciated. 

The last Saturday of the season brings with it a magnif- 
icent fancy dress ball, and such marvels of costuming fished 
up from chests where have been stored the clothing incident 
to studios where models must be draped for every taste. 

It’s all a beautiful dream to me, that final dance of last 


eee ees ad 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


These bungalows are scattered, some forty or fifty it 
would seem to me, throughout this great forest demesne, and 
the inmates live in sandals, short skirts, sailor jumpers, 
gypsy attire; the men mainly in the comforts of outdoor 
camp-life. 

The inmates of this great park avoid, so far as possible, 
the conventional paths and concomitants of resorts like 
Tuxedo and Onteora. They are here to draw inspiration 
from nature; nature is their mother; they love her and make 
her their model. 

And thus it happens that a stranger might easily drive past 
the whole colony and ignore its presence, for no sign is there 
by way of advertisement, and the bungalows are all tinted to 
the color of the partridge in order to attract as little as pos- 
sible the eye of the gossip-hunter. 


There is no more delightful objective on the slopes of the Catskills than the neighborhood of Woodstock, Ulster County 


autumn, the exquisite taste, the simplicity, the absence of 
money-display, and then the refreshments were not at a long 
bar, but each bungalow spread a carpet under the trees, 
hung Chinese lanterns in the branches, and there they enter- 
tained the guests who reclined like the gods of Homer and 
forgot the hours in the joy of festive relaxation. 

Byrdcliffe proper is the summer and winter home of the 
Whitehead family, a home in the best old sense of that word, 
the house of massive timber, the interior made by artists in 
woodwork, the whole a thing which appears to have grown 
out of its happy invironment. The view from the front 
takes in an immense range of mountain and valley, blocked 
to the south by the range of Lake Mohonk. In the fore- 
ground is the great barn, for Ralph Whitehead is a mighty 
farmer in addition to his other many accomplishments. All 
the buildings are in harmony as to color and design with 
the main house, none painted, merely stained to preserve the 
wood in its natural beauty of color. 


Before it had been my good fortune to meet the leading 
spirits of this wondrous community, I had heard of it through 
some carpenters who worked upon my house, some 15 miles 
from Byrdclifte. 

‘Them there folks is nothing but a passel of cranks!” 

‘What makes you think so?” queried I. 

‘Why, because they don’t do their carpenter-work same as 
we do!” 

This it was that first prejudiced me in favor of Byrdcliffe. 

To write about this colony is difficult for me, because it 
is never easy to describe on paper a thing that depends 
wholly upon the spirit of its leaders for the success which it 
now enjoys. 

This success is linked with no secrets, no spies can go there 
and filch from it the means of making a duplicate. There 
is but one Whitehead couple; it is a secret as free to all as 
the mobilization of the German army, the wit of Mark 
Twain, the dramatic dominion of Calvé. 


October, 1909 

Perhaps I can explain better if I reverse the picture and 
tell what Byrdcliffe has declined to do. We know that most 
colony experiments have failed through socialistic or com- 
munistic government. Byrc-liffe is frankly a benevolent 
despotism. Whitehead is the absolute monarch, and no 
one is tolerated who is not in sympathy with his rule. No 
idlers or mere pleasure-seekers are allowed to encumber 
these classic shades. Work in the broad field of art is the 
basis of Byrdecliffe success. Friends of the colony, properly 
introduced strangers are made welcome and are given good 
quarters and food at reasonable rates in the club house at 
the center of this Medician arcadia; but if they do not prove 
to be of the right stuff they can not hang long upon the skirts 
of this sylvan goddess. 

Absolute monarchy saves the colony from a vast amount 
of wrangling and wasted time which has usually wrecked 
other efforts in this direction. The Byrdcliffe despot is the 
most gentle and admirable tyrant, for under him the colony 
knows no deficits, is never assessed! Would not Onteora 
jump with joy were it subject to a Ralph Whitehead? 
And as for Twilight 
Park and others of 


that neighborhood 
in the upper Cats- 
kills, they would 


gladly repudiate re- 
publicanism if they 
could claim for a 
monarch so munifi- 
cent a master as 
Rajah Ralph! 


No problems are 


being solved at 
Byrdcliffe. The 
founder and _ pro- 


prietor is an artist. 
and he wants to fill 
his bungalows with 
men and women of 
kindred taste. There 
is the secret in a nut- 
shell. 

Much of his for- 
tune he devotes to 
paying the salaries 
of instructors in dif- 
ferent branches of 
handicraft, and, 
needless to say, the salary of an American artisan 1s higher 
than that of the average college professor. Whitehead is 
virtually the president of a high-grade art university, 
equipped with an admirable faculty, laboratory, library, 
gymnasium, recreation grounds and a course of work supe- 
rior to that of anything of its kind in the Western World. 

Of course, he is an idealist; so was Robert Fulton, so was 
Samuel F. B. Morse; so have been most of the men who 
have deserved the grateful prayers of generations to come. 

It was a bold move, this of bringing a colony of artists 
into the heart of a county largely made up of mountain, 
rock and forest, where the farmers are poor and illiteracy 
notorious, where the moneyed aristocracy are owners of 
brickyards or factories, and such like folk who pollute the 
noble Hudson with their foulness and denounce as cranks 
such as want to see our streams kept clean. 

Miracles work to-day no less than in the past, and for one 
I believe that Byrdcliffe is destined to work wondrous 
changes in our country. Just now this work is much 
hampered by the tariff of alleged protection, but if in time 
that should be swept away and tariff for revenue only 
become once more the national policy, then would the work 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A double house of cozy build 


393 


of the Whiteheads be able to compete in a fair field with 
any work of the same kind anywhere. Art is a child of 
liberty, and we shall never have American art until we have 
first American liberty to trade with all the world without 
exception. 

A bit personal, you say, as a matter of opinion. ‘Truly, 
yes, and so intended. And even though the editor gasp a 
bit when he comes to this very apropos remark, he will, 
[ trust, let it stand, for it proclaims a doctrine very dear 
to me and one which I wish were very dear to the hearts 
of most of my countrymen. 

But let it pass. I see no reason at all why one may 
not express an honest belief honestly without being silenced 
by the singular cry of “Politics!” 

I look upon the movement that Whitehead has started 
at Byrdcliffe as one of the very much-needed lumps of 
leaven this great country of ours is so much in need of. 
The great masses of the people not only do not under- 
stand artists, but they very distinctly do not understand 


the value artists are to the world they live in. Eccen- 
tricity is, unfortu- 
nately, | sometimes 


popularly regarded 
as synonymous with 


the artistic. Noth- 
ing could be more 
mistaken. ‘There is 


absolutely no rela- 
tionship between the 
two. They have 
nothing in common, 
and do not even so 
much as possess a 
speaking __ relation- 
ship. It is true some 
artists are eccentric, 
and sometimes 
wierdly so. But it 
rarely happens that 
this eccentricity, of- 
fensive vulgar pos- 
ing, this pratting of 
abilities not pos- 
sessed, this aping of 
knowledge not 
known that to the 
popular eye passes 
as an eccentricity— 
it rarely happens that this is personified in a true artist 
of note. The name of Whistler leaps to the lips, but 
Whistler was so stupendously great that few of his con- 
temporaries could appreciate him. 

The planting of an artist colony in the middle of a 
region that is apparently quite without intellectual resources 
is bound, sooner or later, to have a pronounced effect on 
the people without it. It is certain to come, and the ben- 
eficence of its juxtaposition is destined to be very wide- 
spread. I hope it will come soon, and I hope, with a mighty 
hope, that its influence will be very wide. 

We need it, and we need it everywhere. 
in the Catskills and we need it in our cities. 
on our Western plains. 


We need it 
We need it 
We need it in the soft climate of 
California and Florida. We need it on the mountains and 
in the valleys. In short, the spot in this United States in 
which we do not need it has not, to my knowledge, been 
discovered by any one. 

So Ralph Whitehead merits richly godspeed in his noble 
work. For it is noble work and nobly done. He has been 
fortunate in his situation, in the place he has selected for 
carrying on his great undertaking. 


elueAAsuua J ‘UMOJURULIIT) ye “bs ‘SHEA “OD sajreys) JO souaptsor ay | —| “SI | 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Modern Country House 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


HERE are certain features which are ab- 
% solutely necessary for a house that qualifies 
as a modern dwelling. Each of the dwell- 
ings illustrated herewith has an atmos- 
phere that distinguishes one from the other 
with candid accuracy. 

Messrs. Mclllraine and Roberts, of 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed the house shown in 
Figures I, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and built for Charles C. Watts, 
Esq., at Germantown, Pennsylvania. It is a fine example of 
the modern American house. It is well placed on a “‘flat- 
iron’’ piece of property with a rapid rise from the roadway, 
and, on account of its position, access is obtained to it from 
three different points. 

The house is constructed of rock-faced local stone, laid 
with wide white mortar joints. The building is brought 
close to the ground 
by the massive roof 
of slate whichslopes 
down over the sec- 
ond story, forming 
a roof for the pi- 
ieee ~ he ereat 
massive stone piers 
and arch give solid- 
ity to the entrance. 

iaines tha lb urs 
trimmed with chest- 
nut finished in its 
natural soft brown 


eolos. It Shas a 
paneled wainscoting 
above which the 
walls are covered 
Wohi 2. t.w o- 


tone mustard-yellow 
wall-paper. dire 
ceiling is beamed 
and ribbed. The 
living-room is simi- 
larly treated and 
has a brick fireplace 
and mantel. The 
billiard-room adjoining is also trimmed with chestnut, and 
has a paneled wainscoting and a beamed ceiling. There are 
two bay-windows with window-seats in this room. 

There are five bedrooms and two bathrooms on the second 
floor; the bathrooms have tiled wainscotings and porcelain 
fixtures, with exposed nickelplated plumbing. The servants’ 
bedrooms and bath- and trunk-room are on the third floor. 
The cellar contains the heating-apparatus, fuel-rooms and 
laundry. 

Mr. Stanley Ward’s suburban home in Bronxville, New 
York (Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11), is a high type of the 
ideal suburban home. It has fine lines which are well carried 
out and emphasized by its artistic coloring, which is further 
enhanced by the fine setting of trees with which it is sur- 
rounded. 

The house is of frame construction, covered with a rough 
plaster finish on metal lath. The trimmings are painted a 
soft brown color, while the roof is painted a reddish brown. 

The interior arrangement is quite complete and provides 
all the appointments to be found in the highest grade of 


Fig. 2—The solidity of massive stone piers and arches to 


houses. ‘The hall is at the front, and opening from it is the 
living-room and the dining-room, which has communication 
with the kitchen through the butler’s pantry. The hall has 
a white painted trim, with walls covered with a two-tone 
striped mustard-yellow wall-paper. The simple staircase has 
a white-painted balustrade with mahogany rail and treads. 

The living-room ceiling is low-studded and affords ample 
opportunity for the artistic hanging of pictures. The trim 
is painted an ivory white, which harmonizes with the soft 
green wall-paper, that has a striped design of a darker shade 
running perpendicularly from the floor to the ceiling. The 
open fireplace has a brick hearth and facings, and a Colonia] 
mantel of good design. Bookcases are built in at either side 


of the fireplace. The circular bay-window, built out at the 
corner of the room, is provided with a window-seat extend- 
ing around it. 


The dining-room, which connects with 
the living-room, 
has a white-painted 
trim. Its walls are 
covered with a two- 
toned green striped 
paper. The open 
fireplace has a red 
brick hearth and a 
Colonia] mantel. 

The butler’s pan- 
try is fitted with a 
sink and dressers 
complete. A door 
opens from the pan- 
try to the kitchen, 
which is fitted with 
a range, dresser, 
sink, and a_ large 
store pantry. There 
is also a large out- 
side entry contain- 
ing the stairs to the 
outside and the cel- 
lar, and an outside 
entry large enough 
provide — space 

for the ice-box. 

The second floor is divided into sleeping-rooms. These 
are four in number, each being decorated in one single color- 
tone. The trim throughout this floor is painted ivory white. 
One of the guest rooms has a blue and white striped wall- 
paper, while another has a two-tone yellow paper. The 
owner’s room has a flowered design of American beauty 
roses on a white ground. The bathroom has white 
enameled walls and ceiling, and is furnished with porcelain 
fixtures and exposed plumbing. 

The third floor contains two bedrooms for the servants, 
one extra guest-room and a trunk-room. The cellar contains 
all the necessary fixtures for a well-regulated house, in- 
cluding a furnace-room, fuel-room and laundry. Mr. Wil- 
liam A. Bates, of New York, was the architect. 

Mr. Alfred Rogers’ house at Milton, Massachusetts, is 
an interesting one for the reason that it is constructed on 
square lines, with its walls of stucco sufficiently pierced by 
quaint and attractive windows to give it the low elongated 
effect desired by the architects, Messrs. Coolidge and Carl- 
son, of Boston. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1909 


396 


Fig. 4—The hall in Mr. Watt’s house 


Biltaro Roors 
/5 X ZO 


IR CXL 


Be BepRoor- 
DRO: Vl CRUG 
15 Xx £/- 


SrcovbflooR 


Fig. 6—The hall in Mr. Ward’s house is white Fig. 7—The living-room in Mr. Ward’s house 


October, 1909 


The house is kept quite close to the 
ground, and has a stone foundation 
and underpinning. ‘The exterior walls 
are of frame construction and are coy- 
ered with lath which are given three 
coats of stucco finishing, with a pebble 
dash. This finished coat is tinted a 
grayish yellow, the trim is painted an 


AWE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 397 


Fig. 9—A fine setting of trees 


apple green, the sash ivory white, and the blinds bottle-green. 
The roof is covered with Spanish tile of a brilliant hue, en- 
hancing. the artistic values of the house below. The covered en- 
trance porch is the feature of the front. 

Upon crossing the threshold, one enters the lobby which is 
provided with a mosaic tiled floor, and a paneled wainscoting. 
From the lobby a door opens into the hall which is trimmed with 
white pine treated with white enamel paint. A four-foot paneled 
wainscoting extends around the hall, above which the walls are 


covered with “Longfellow” paper; the whole 


being finished 


with a massive wooden 


ae cornice. ‘The stairs are 
vA separated from the hall 
Ke by a screen, composed 
of paneled work, balus- 
\ ters and columns. From 
Gaze: the main landing, from 
which the stairs ascend, 
is a door which opens 


into the lavatory on the 


SECOND FLOOR PLAN 


ChE 4 
BV. ae: 


fa a Md 


Fig. | 1—The dining-room in Mr. Ward's house 


ATTIC AND 


ROOF PLAN 


[eee {Ue--_ | Sali] == = =— 


Fig. 10—The plans of Mr. Ward’s house 


first floor.” The hall is furnished with an- 
tique furniture of the Colonial period. The 
small reception-room, which occupies the 
front part of the hall, and is separated by an 
archway, has a similar wall decoration as 
the hall and is furnished with an old tea- 
table and some Sheraton pieces of good style. 

The living-room occupies the southern 
side of the house, extending from the front 
to the rear. The walls have a low Colonial 
wainscoting, above which they are cov- 
ered with a grassy-green wall-covering; and 
the whole is finished with a massive wooden 
cornice heavily dentaled. The open fire- 


398 


Fig, |2—The old style hall 


place, with tiled hearth and facings and finished with a 
Colonial mantel of excellent design and surrounded by a 
massive paneled over-mantel, is quite the feature of the room. 

Directly opposite the living-room and across the hall, 
is the dining-room which is trimmed with mahogany. It 
has a paneled wainscoting and a wooden cornice between 
which the walls are covered with a forest decorative paper, 
showing trees, etc. An open fireplace with tile facings and 
hearth has a mantel with a china closet over, forming the 
important characteristic of the room. 


Fig. 14—The Colonial living-room 


AMERICAN HOME 


| LNG L00rK 
4% IX2 7 


Dining Poort 


15 X2/ 


e 


JR 57 /Looe 


Fig. 13—The first-floor plan of the Rogers’ house 


A door opens into the butler’s closet, which is well-fitted 
up, and a second door opens into the kitchen. The kitchen 
is trimmed with yellow pine and is finished with hard oil, 
and is provided with all the best modern conveniences. One 
door leads to a lobby large enough to contain an ice-box, and 
from which access is obtained to the porch, while another 
door opens into the front hall. 

The second floor is trimmed with white pine and is treated 
with ivory-white paint. The walls of each room are deco- 
rated in one distinctive style and color-scheme. 


Fig. 15—Mr. Alfred Rogers 


AND 


Sécowo /L0oz. 


GARDENS 


PS LO 


Serr | O DATHY- 
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Ae 


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DED 2OOrk 
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Sewing Loork 
Y“EX TY 


| 


Fig. 16—The second-floor plan of the Rogers’ house 


ouse at Milton, Massachusetts 


There is a large open hall and a sewing-room separated 
by an archway, with columns, as well as three bedrooms and 
two bathrooms on this floor. The owner’s room has a 
private bathroom and an open fireplace. The bathrooms 
have tiled floors and wainscoting, and they are furnished 
with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. 

A private stairway leads to the third floor, which contains 
the seryants’ rooms and bath; besides an extra guest-room 
and trunk-room. The heating-apparatus, fuel-rooms, laun- 
dry and cold storage-room are placed in the cellar, which is 


300 


Fig. |7—Reception-room with Sheraton furniture 


built under the entire house. Much planting of shrubs and 
plants has been done about the front entrance, screening 
many of the hard corners. 

The houses described and illustrated in this article are 
of good construction, well-planned, and of good architec- 
tural design. [hey may not, perhaps, illustrate a definite 
tendency in any one direction, but they unmistakably indicate, 
express and typify the current tendency towards excellence. 
They deserve attentive study and will well repay every atten- 
tion that may be given to them. 


Fig. 18—Dining-room with forest paper in Mr. Rogers’ house 


398 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


399 


Fig, 12—The old style hall 


place, with tiled hearth and facings and finished with a 
Colonial mantel of excellent design and surrounded by a 
massive paneled oyer-mantel, is quite the feature of the room. 

Directly opposite the living-room and across the hall, 
is the dining-room which is trimmed with mahogany. It 
has a paneled wainscoting and a wooden cornice between 
which the walls are covered with a forest decorative paper, 
showing trees, etc. An open fireplace with tile facings and 
hearth has a mantel with a china closet over, forming the 
important characteristic of the room. 


Fig. |14—The Colonial living-room 


Fig. 13—The first-floor plan of the Rogers’ house 


A door opens into the butler’s closet, which is well-fitted 
up, and a second door opens into the kitchen. The kitchen 
is trimmed with yellow pine and is finished with hard oil, 
and is provided with all the best modern conveniences. One 
door leads to a lobby large enough to contain an ice-box, and 
from which access is obtained to the porch, while another 
door opens into the front hall. 

The second floor is trimmed with white pine and is treated 
with ivory-white paint. The walls of each room are deco- 
rated in one distinctive style and color-scheme. 


Fig. 15—Mr. Allfred Rogers’ house at Milton, Massachusetts 


Fig. 16—The second-floor plan of the Rogers’ house 


There is a large open hall and a sewing-room separated 
by an archway, with columns, as well as three bedrooms and 
two bathrooms on this foor. The owner's room has a 
private bathroom and an open fireplace. The bathrooms 
have tiled floors and wainscoting, and they are furnished 
with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. 

A private stairway leads to the third Hoor, which contains 
the seryants’ rooms and bath; besides an extra guest-room 
and trunk-room. The heating-apparatus, fuel-rooms, laun- 
dry and cold storage-room are placed in the cellar, which is 


Fig. 17—Reception-room with Sheraton furniture 


built under the entire house. Much planting of shrubs and 
plants has been done about the front entrance, screening 
many of the hard corners. 

The houses described and illustrated in this article are 
of good construction, well-planned, and of good architec- 
tural design, They may not, perhaps, illustrate a definite 
tendency in any one direction, but they unmistakably indicate, 
express and typify the current tendency towards excellence. 
They deserve attentive study and will well repay every atten- 
tion that may be given to them 


Fig. 18—Dining-room with forest paper in Mr. Rogers’ house 


400 


Furnishing the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


Nursery 


By Edith Haviland 


N NO part of the home is there so little 
thought given to appropriate furnishings as 
in the rooms devoted to the children’s use. 
And yet the active interest in this direction 
was strongly in evidence the past winter in 
New York City when a set of rooms with 
up-to-date furnishings was on exhibition. 

The nurseries for night and day were the chief points of 

attraction, holding the attention of thousands of spectators 

who commented audibly on the interior fittings. 

The permanent influence of a child’s surroundings is em- 
phatically recognized in the kindergartens that are carried 
on in the true spirit of Froebel, for here one sees a provision 
for sunlight and fresh air, furniture of suitable size and 
weight, pleasing wall-colors and attractive decorations. Of 
much greater importance, however, is the child’s own room 
at home where so much more of his time is spent. 

Now that every phase of household art is coming to the 
front and receiving some measure of popular education, the 
claims of the nursery for intelligent treatment must be met. 
The essential requirements of this room need not be carried 
out on an elaborate expenditure, as simplicity in this room 
has its undoubted merits. In fact, some of the happiest 
achievements in nursery furnishings have been made by a 
clever adaptation to existing limits of money and'spaces. 

Of course, the ideal arrangement is a subdivision of 
rooms, or a children’s apartment of bedroom, sitting-room, 
kitchenette and bath, in which each detail is as thoughtfully 
planned as in the larger home in which it is built. In the 
illustration, showing a table set before a fireplace, this idea 
has been carried out with great success. In the sitting-room 
there are cupboards within easy reaching and casements 
that when opened wide take in the entire outlook. The 
fireplace is a simple artistic design, and the mantel orna- 
ments have been carefully chosen. The furniture is of dark 


oak of the Mission type made on a miniature scale. A large 
wool rug is laid on the floor. For the wall decorations, a 
wide frieze, showing Dutch children at play, is placed above 
the lower wall of plain crash. In the night-nursery, the 
bathroom and kitchenette there is the same good taste in 
every detail. 

In the children’s suite of rooms a definite color-scheme 
may be created by either of two methods: One is to keep the 
fundamental furnishings — floor-coverings, wall-hangings, 
woodwork and furniture—alike in all of the rooms; the 
other is to make each room independent but harmonious in 
itself. The choice of the method will naturally turn upon 
the conditions that are to be met. 

When a night and a day nursery are to be fitted up, a 
sunny exposure should be allotted to the latter, if it is not 
possible to provide it for both rooms. If the woodwork is 
new, the prettiest finish is a silver-gray stain that shows the 
grain of the wood. Or, if paint must be employed, an ivory- 
white may be adopted instead of a pure white. 

Rugs are now considered indispensable for hygienic liv- 
ing, and in the nursery that is used in the daytime only, 
where the little ones are much of the time playing on the 
floor a rug of large size is the most practical. In the night- 
nursery this rule is reversed, and small rugs are laid beside 
the bed and at the foot. As a waxed or varnished floor is 
difficult to wash, a new sanitary finish lately introduced from 
Canada may be adopted for the cleansing it endures with 
soap and water. 

In the selection of rugs for the nursery the large rug 
for the one room may be thicker and warmer than those 
that are placed in the sleeping-room. If the right sizes 
can not be obtained ready-made, strips of carpet made up 
with or without borders may be the alternative. 

There is now quite a variety of pretty rugs in small sizes 
in Brussels, Wilton and Axminster. Some of the heavy 


October, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


by eigege tae oe 
Liab i 


Every detail of housekeeping is carefully thought out 


402 AMERICAN HOMES AND AGARDERG October, 1909 


Adventures afield 


The bedtime procession 


October, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 403 


The farm frieze: watching the pigs 


cotton rugs that are woven by the blind are extremely taste- for a nursery, but special attention is called in this article to 
ful in colors and border-effects. For hard wear the wool the way in which a wide picture-frieze showing the episodes 
rugs made in Scotland are unequaled. The new bungalow of farm-life has been adopted. As there is a set of six 


<2) 


bi 


Chanticleer above the door Bed and cradle 


rugs made in this country in plain colors with borders on the panels, there need be very little repetition of subjects, and 
short ends give a wide range in substantial artistic effects. the joining can be done with the pictures of fences. The 
There are numberless variations to the wall-decorations treatment of the wall above the children’s beds, the placing 


The farm frieze : calling the cow home 


404 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


Frieze: birds and animals of the house and farm 


of Chanticleer above the doorway and two scenes showing 
the little girl on the fence watching the pigs and the boy 
calling the cows home are shown in the illustrations. 

Another interesting series is that of the bedtime pro- 
cession, which is especially adapted for the sleeping-room. 
Then there are friezes of children’s toys, favorite animals 
and Mother Goose characters. 

There is a good deal of discussion as to the proper 
pictures to hang in the child’s room. Shall these be copies 
of real works of art? Pictures that are world-famous by 
their prominent position in art galleries? Or, shall there 
be simple subjects within range of the child’s comprehension ? 
My own preference would be for the latter, just as it would 
be to withhold the masterpieces of literature from children 
when their intellects are too immature to enjoy them. 

When a frieze is not attached to the upper third of the 
wall, a picture-paper may be pasted in consecutive strips on 
the lower wall to a height of five feet, leaving the space 
above to be filled with a plain paper, or the new sanitary 
covering in unglazed finish. 

If an entirely plain wall is preferred, some decorations 
are in order in colored prints, framed and hung according 
to the different spaces. A common mistake in hanging 
nursery-pictures is in putting up too many that are small in 
size and insignificant in detail. 

Stencilling is so much in vogue at present that its adoption 
on nursery-walls is often inquired about. It can be success- 
fully done by an amateur, and may be applied to a tinted 


wall, upon oil-paint or a plain paper. Its simplest form’ is 
as a border running under the picture-molding; or, it may 
be laid on in panels, according to the construction of the 
room. 

The furniture for a nursery can now be had in small sizes 
in oak, mahogany, bent wood, splint seats and wicker. Only 
a few years ago this statement would have seemed unbe- 
lievable, yet at the present time many of our large depart- 
ment stores have quite a collection of children’s chairs and 
tables. 

For a boy’s room the Mission type with leather seats 
would be the most attractive, and for a girl’s room some- 
thing of less heavy construction. 

A window-seat is always enjoyable for children who are 
housebound, but too often the seat is placed so high that it 
is not easily reached. If the board can not be lowered, some 
low wide steps may be added. 

When bookcases, cupboards and lockers are built into 
the nursery, due forethought should bring them within 
reaching distance of the children themselves to inspire an 
individual care of toys and other possessions. 

Some new nursery chintzes with Kate Greenway figures 
are attractive for bed-covers, curtains, box-coverings and 
screens, and in all the mirror articles for the nursery—china- 
ware, mantel ornaments, accessories for the toilet-table— 
if one is intent on keeping away from the conventional 
equipment for adults, there are very charming substitutes at 
hand. 


A frieze of many creatures 


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A 
Two-story House 


of the 
Bungalow Type 


This House Can Be Built 
i ee at an Estimated Cost of 


: 2s - Fifty-five hundred Dollars 


% The view without 


HE design presented herewith is the work 
of William Albert Swasey, architect, of 
New York. The house is in reality a two- 
story house, but it has the effect of the bun- 
galow type. By running the roof over the 
piazza the desired low effect is obtained 
least impairing the rooms in the second 


without in the 


story. 

The house is constructed of frame throughout, with the 
perpendicular walls stripped and covered with metal lath 
and cement plastering, the finishing coat being floated with 
cement and coarse white gravel. 

All the exposed rafter ends are left in the sawed lumber, 
and stained a very dark brown. The roofs are covered 
with shingles dipped in a moss green stain. The piazza 


ap 

1 

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SERVANT 
10-©"x 40% 6” ' 
| 

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14° 0° 16°6" | 

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First floor plan 


ceiling is plastered and the floor stained same as the other 
exterior woodwork. 

The principal rooms of the first floor are finished in birch, 
stained as desired, to represent dark oak, mahogany or wal- 
nut. ‘The kitchen, pantries and servants’ rooms are finished 
in the natural yellow pine. The second-story bedrooms have 
enameled white finish with birch doors stained mahogany. 
The bathroom floor is covered with interlocking rubber tile, 
and the walls are wainscoted five feet high with cream glazed 
vitrified tile with sanitary cap and base. The basement has 
laundry, servants’ toilet and hot-water heater with ample 
capacity to heat all parts of the house through direct radia- 
tion in the coldest weather. 

The estimated cost of this house is $5,500. 
cost might vary slightly in different localities. 


The actual 


Se) ROO 


1B0%K 1450" 


BED: ROOM. 


11°°° xX 7:0" 


Second floor plan 


406 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


Floral Clocks 


By Charles A. Brassler 


omiN THE constant quest for “something new”’ 
that animates the spirit of the times, some- 
thing novel, not only in attractiveness but in 
utility, something, for instance, that would 
prove a unique and interesting addition to 
the picturesque features of a private gar- 
den, a public park or other outdoor place 
of recreation, the floral clock has been strangely overlooked. 
It cannot be denied, however, that these ingenious devices 
have of late been accorded more attention. At the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition an immense floral clock was one of 
the attractions, and at the Industrial Exposition, held a short 
time ago at Milhausen, Thuringia, a floral clock receive 
considerable attention. 

In speaking of floral clocks, I do not wish to be under- 
stood as referring to the ingenious combinations of flowers, 
opening and closing regularly at different hours, such as 
Linneus, the famous botanist, devised and described, in- 
structive and original though they may be. One of this 
type, especially, based on the opening and closing of flowers 
at uniform and predetermined periods, although differing 
in detail from the flower-clock of Linneus, was sufficiently 
original to merit a place in any garden. It was designed, 
in the form of a sun-dial, by a Miss Billings, an English 
lady, and constructed to represent the scriptural allegory of 
the angel, as the reaper of human destiny (St. Matthew 
xill, 39). It was constructed in the form of a gnomon, 
the angel’s wing casting the indicative shadow on the dial- 
plate. ‘he dial is mounted on a pedestal in the center of a 
parterre of flowers, so laid out that the sickle throws its 
shadow on the one that, acording to Linneus, as recorded 
in his ‘‘Botanical Philosophy,” corresponds, in its opening 
and closing, to a certain time of day. 

The same flowers are also carved in bas-relief around the 
base of the pedestal, so as to represent them at seasons 
when the flowers themselves are not in bloom. To read 
the hours, even by so simplified a floral timepiece, requires 
a more perfect knowledge of the habits of plants than 
most people, not erudite botanists, possess; so, for the benefit 
of those whose botanical knowledge is limited, in the floral 
time-keeper, above described, a dial-plate, inscribed with 


ordinary figures, is placed under the point of the wing, 
the edge of which acts as a gnomon. 

While such a device for recording time would interest 
any intelligent person and could be made an attractive 
feature of outdoor decoration, I desire particularly to 
refer to the floral clock in its more practical sense, in which 
horological skill is combined with highly developed horti- 
cultural taste and knowledge. 

As might be expected, it is in Switzerland, where the 
clockmakers’ art is of ancient repute and has attained its 
highest perfection, that some of the finest specimens of 
floral clocks are to be found. As among the most interesting, 
artistic and practical, I have, therefore, included, among 
those selected for illustration, the floral clocks in the park 
of the Kursaal, and of the Savoy Hotel, at Interlaken. 
There is also a beautiful one in the garden of Medaks Café 
de la Terrasse, at Zurich, and one at the Grand Hotel des 
Avants, Switzerland. Several of these clocks were designed 
by M. Guelat, conservator of the Schwab Museum inBienne, 
who has also installed, on the lawn in front of that institu- 
tion, a floral clock that is a source of never-failing interest 
to residents in and visitors to that city. 

The dial of his clock, laid out at an angle of 40 degrees, 
so as to be more readily visible, is one and one-half meters 
(4 feet 11 inches) in diameter and is composed of living 
flowering and leaf-plants, of the varieties used in carpet-bed- 
ding, and arranged, as to color, so as to produce an attrac- 
tive design, the Roman numerals, the figures on the seconds, 
dial and the year, 1906, being worked out in different plants. 
The three hands are made of aluminum, record seconds, min- 
utes and hours and, owing to their large proportions and 
speed, their movement is so perceptible as to attract attention. 

The movement, operated by a spring, is contained in a 
water-tight metallic case, concealed beneath the floral dial 
so skilfully that even the opening (between the figures III 
and IV) where the crank-handle for winding the clock is 
inserted and the regulator, which projects from the face, 
are invisible. The arbors carrying the hands work in water- 
tight, lubricated stuffiing-boxes. 

Additional interest is imparted to the clock by its repro- 
duction, with the aid of moving figures, of various tableaux. 


The gigantic floral clock of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 


October, 1909 


Floral clock of the Schwab Museum, Bienne, Switzerland 


Four times daily, in a grotto above the clock, appropriately 
framed in blossoms and verdure, groups representing various 
epochs—the cave-dwellers, the lake-dwellers, the Helve- 
tians, the early Christians, the people of the Middle Ages 
and later periods—make their appearance, presenting a 
moving chronicle of the progressive development of the 
human race. 

One of the first and most successful of this type of floral 
clock on record was the one installed in 1892, in the gar- 
den of the Trocadero, Paris, and which, sunk below the 
surface of the ground, to afford a better view of its dial, 
was the subject of much attention and wonderment at the 
time. The dial, 32 feet, 2 inches in diameter, with the floral 
hands, was designed and laid out by M. Debert, gardener 
and florist; the mechanical details were planned by M. Casa- 
longa and carried out by M. Mathieux; M. Marcel, land- 
scape architect, designed the attractive setting. A small jet 
of water, acting on floats, operated the concealed train of 
wheels by which the hands were removed. The mode of 
operation enhanced the novelty and interest of the clock. 

Edinburgh, the chief city 
of Scotband, and by natural 
location and artificial embel- 
lishment, one of the most 
beautiful of Europe’s mod- 
ern capitals, boasts an ex- 
ceptionally beautiful floral 
clock that has been laid 
out every summer for sevy- 
eral years past in the Prin- 
ces Street gardens and of 
which an illustration is pre- 
sented. The dial, measur- 
ing twelve feet across, is 
laid out on the sloping sur- 
face of a sort of mansard, 
hollow inside, but covered 
externally with green turf, 
against which the dial, a 
most beautiful specimen of 
carpet bedding, shows up 
admirably, American Aloe, 
Echeveria, Sedum and sim- 
ilar plants being tastefully 
combined in its construc- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


407 


tion. The figures, of fresh 
green pyrethrum, stand out 
clearly betweeen two con- 
centric rings of silver-gray 
sedum. Not only the dial, 
but the hands of this clock 
are florally worked out, be- 
ing long, shallow troughs 
of sheet-metal containing 
the earth in which suitable 
plants grow. Sedum and 
echeveria are the growths 
commonly used, and make a 
handsome appearance, the 
minute-hand having a total 
length of eight feet. Con- 
siderable ingenuity had to 
be displayed in balancing the 
hands, owing to the fact 
that the clock is laid out on 
a slope of about 40 degrees, 
the amount of moisture the 
soil and plants carried also 
causing the weight to vary 
widely. The works, an or- 
dinary tower movement, are located in the base of the 
adjacent Ramsay statue, driving-rods and suitable gears of 
non-corrosive metal, running in boxes kept filled with oil to 
prevent rust, transmitting the movement to the hands. 

Public interest in this remarkable time-piece has recently 
been stimulated by the addition of a simple train of wheel- 
works combined with a bellows and two organ pipes, con- 
cealed in the floral dial, with the aid of which the clock 
is made to sound a cuckoo hote at each quarter and at 
the hour. 

It is not necessary, however, to travel to foreign countries 
in search of notable specimens of floral clocks. A time- 
piece of this character forms one of the attractions of the 
water-works Park at Detroit, Mich., and is illustrated here- 
with. It is of unique design, the dial being vertical and 
operated by a jet of water; as long as the water-supply con- 
tinues the clock goes and never needs winding. It stands on 
a broad green base, the dial, about six feet in diameter, being 
composed of foliage and flowers in artistically contrasting 
shades, rows of white flowers being used to indicate the 


Floral clock at Edinburgh, Scotland 


408 


minutes. It is said that the 
plants require trimming al- 
most daily, so that the dial 
will remain clear and the 
figures be legible at a 
considerable distance. The 
hands, of wood painted 
white, are attached to the 
movement in a manner simi- 
lar to the hands of an or- 
dinary clock. 

Another American floral 
clock that was accorded a 
great deal of attention was 
the colossal time-piece laid 
out on the slope of Agri- 
cultural Hill in front of the 
Palace of Agriculture, at 
the Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position. In magnitude, 
this gigantic clock surpassed 
everything previously at- 
tempted in this line, the dial 
being 120 feet in diameter, 
with numerals 15 feet in 
length. The hands each weighed in the neighborhood of 
25,000 pounds, the minute hand being 74 feet in length 
and travelling at a speed that would cause it to cover a 
distance of more than 500 miles in a year. 

The dial, probably the most elaborate and extensive 
decorative production of a floral character ever attempted, 
contained upwards of 18,000 growing plants. ‘The center 
was planted with 4,500 verbenas, surrounded by a border 
containing 1,000 Coleus Verschfeltii. “The numerals, from 
I to 12, required 2,500 plants of Coleus Hero, while the 
space surrounding them contained 3,000 Centaura Gyno- 
corpa, with 4,000 Centaurea Martinia Candidissima. In 
the yellow minute marks 1,500 Coleus Golden Bedder were 
used, the red minute marks using up 1,500 Coleus Versch- 
feltii. 

The dial was made, as a special exhibit, by the St. Louis 
Seed Co., and earned for them a gold medal. ‘The mechan- 
ism of the clock was constructed by the Johnson Service Co., 
Milwaukee, Wis., the movement being contained in a small 
building located between the clock and the Palace of Agri- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND *GARDEMS 


October, 1909 


Floral clock of the Savoy hotel, Interlaken, Switzerland 


culture. It was Grecian in design, except the roof, which 
was hemispherical and of cerulean blue, dotted with stars 
and showing the meridian lines, to represent the celestial 
arch. The southern wall of the little structure was of glass, 
screened by a revolving door which slid aside every hour, 
allowing a view of the works. Adjacent to this building 
stood a kindred structure, the roof of which represented the 
western terrestrial hemisphere, in which was housed a sonor- 
ous bell weighing about 5,000 pounds, the strokes of which, 
as they recorded the flight of the hours, could be heard all 
over the exposition grounds. On the other side of the clock 
house was a structure similar to the bell house, in which was 
housed an immense hour-glass that was reversed hourly by 
automatic machinery. This clock kept accurate time with- 
out a hitch all the time the fair was open. At night the dial 
was illuminated by electric lights. 

Such floral clocks as I have described, the first expense of 
the works once met, cost but little more for installation, and ° 
require hardly any more subsequent attention than is needed 
to keep an equally attractive laid out carpet bed in order. 
Periodical oiling and reg- 
ular winding is all that the 
mechanism, if skilfully and 
honestly constructed to be- 
gin with, calls for; the floral 
part of the work is only 
such as a competent gar- 
dener would be expected 
to undertake in connection 


with his duties in any 
well-kept public or private 
grounds, and its mainte- 


nance would be a source of 
gratification to the horti- 
culturist having a thorough 
knowledge of and pride in 
his calling. 

Such clocks are only 
suited to large places, as 
public parks and squares. 
Even with the most skilful 
they will entail great cost 
and are hardly, by their size 
and effect, available for the 
decoration of privateplaces. 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


409 


Cobwebs 


By Carine Cadby 


T IS only if we get up early that we see cob- 
webs in their full beauty. We must be up 
betimes if we mean to catch these silvery 
webs while their gossamer is still intact and 
their delicate designs not yet spoiled by the 
little wind that is sure to spring up when 
once the day has come. We must be 

weather-wise, too, if our heroism of early rising in wintry 
weather is to meet with its reward, and we can tell a little 
over night, for a still dampish evening usually means a still, 
misty morning. The beauty and visibility of the cobwebs so 
depend on atmospheric conditions, and unless there is the 
cold dampness in the air there will not be the rows of minute 
silvery bells on the cobwebs which emphasizes and make the 
strands visible and which are in reality infinitesimal drops of 
moisture. 

The webs are so fascinating in their early unspoiled 
beauty, for no two are alike. Each has had its own archi- 
tect, who seems to have made a special study of his own 
particular conditions and most cunningly used every natural 
advantage that came in his way. Then there are the distinct 
different kinds, two very obvious ones seen in any garden are 
the ones that remind us of tatted doilies, a circle, or por- 
tion of a circle with lines radiating called the Orbitilarie. 
Another, the thin: closely woven sheet of web suspended 
among branches, called the Relitelarie, which must take a 
lot of spinning. 

Our old childish idea of the spider spinning his one thread 
is rather knocked on the head when we learn about the 
silk glands, and how the silk issues from many papille and 


Beautiful but frail 


A flower of the mist 


is united into one strong thread. The hinder legs of the 
spider have this work to do, and if we watch when the 
spinning is going on, we shall see how busy they are, but it 
is the third claw in particular that is used for this purpose 
of arranging the web and uniting the different lines into one 
thread. It has been noticed that those spiders which spin the 
most exquisite webs (Eperides) have this claw very much 
developed, and in those spiders who hunt their prey instead 
of spinning snares this leg is entirely absent. 

Sometimes, too, as children, we have wound the strands of 
a web and wondered if something could not be made of 
such beautiful fine silken thread. About one hundred and 
sixty years ago a Frenchman named Le Bon had the same 
idea and actually succeeded in weaving stockings and gloves 
from it, but no cultivation of spiders for this purpose has 
ever succeeded, though it has once or twice been tried, be- 
cause the spider itself is such a voracious and cannibalistic 
creature. 

Altogether the spider itself is not an attractive character, 
and even his beautiful web loses a little of our admiration 
when we realize it is, after all, nothing but a cunningly 
woven snare. In it sits a cruel and relentless beast of prey, 
waiting to see its victim entangled and ready to dart out, 
bind him with fresh ropes and devour him. Also, its 
domestic traits do not show it in a much better light. In 
the courting season, unless the male spider be as big and as 
strong as the female, there will always be a tragic fate hang- 
ing over his head. If he fail in any way to please his exact- 
ing mistress, she very quickly and effectually disposes of 
him by eating him up! And, as in nearly all the species of 


Heavy with dew 


410 


spiders the male is inferior to the 
female in strength and size, one 
shudders to think how often this 
gruesome domestic drama _ is 
acted. There is, however, one 
ray of hope for the poor male, he 
is more active and more agile than 
her he woos, so let us trust he 
sometimes puts discretion before 
chivalry and does not scorn to 
run away! 

In her motherly instincts, too, 
the spider is anything but old- 
fashioned. She does not allow 
her young to be much trouble. In 
the case of the garden spider 
(Araneus), the eggs are laid in 
a cocoon, which is _ suspended 
somewhere near her web and 
about which she troubles no 
more However, one must own 
that most spiders are a little more 
concerned for their offspring and 
carry them about on their backs 
till they are big enough to fend 
for themselves. 

We have sometimes wondered 
what the strands of gossamer are 
that float down onto our noses 
from apparently nowhere, and 
have sometimes wondered if they 
were spun by some particular 
species of spider that did not trouble to form them into a web. 
Sometimes the air is full of them and we see them lying, like 
a white film, on bushes and trees. We learn, however, it is 
a youthful sport of young spiders of different species. On 
fine autumn mornings they climb to the tops of fences and 
bushes and emit a thread or tuft of threads which soon be- 
come strong enough to bear them, and on which they sit 
and let the wind carry them to great heights. Lucky young 
spiders! How we envy them their youthful sport. Would 


The veil of the morning 


AMERICAN HOMES, AND GARDERE 


A fairy’s hammock 


The web of the garden spider 


October, 1909 


that we too could manufacture a 
flying machine so easily and inex- 
pensively, how gaily would we 
float off to great heights on fine 
autumn mornings! 

After all, the worst has some 
redeeming trait, and with the 
spider it is certainly his gift of 
spinning and the beauty of his 
webs will help us not to judge 
him too harshly. 

Not a few learned scientists 
have given years of their lives to 
the scientific study of spiders, and 
have produced weighty tomes em- 
bodying the results of their 
researches. To the scientist, of 
course, the spider has scientific 
value, as has many another un- 
interesting creature and natural 
phenomenon; but the housewife 
has not yet been trained to learn 
of their domestic efficiency nor to 
appreciate their housely advyan- 
tages. Perhaps this state of 
affairs may never be_ brought 
about; but it is most unwise to 
announce results in the world of 
science, for very many times 
what seemed definite conclusions 
have been swept to one side 
by some brilliant discovery or 
some unexpected conclusion. 

I have not, however, thought to write of the scientific 
aspects of the spider, but simply to draw attention to the 
real beauty of many of his webs. These are often more than 
charming and more than ingenious. The student of Nature 
may well pause for a moment in ‘his scientific studies, and 
enjoy, if he can, the ethereal but real beauty of these won- 
derful nature-creations. It will be time well spent and thor- 
oughly enjoyable. 


A web still wet with dew 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS All 


Carrots as a House Decoration 


attractiveobjects, 
which will be es- 
pecially welcome to those who make a 
pastime of the indoor garden. All that 
iS necessary to carry out the plan indi- 
cated below, is to obtain some well- 
developed carrots, stumps which are 
rather old answering the purpose best. 

The carrots should be scrubbed 
quite clean with a small brush in the 
first place. Then take a sharp knife, 
and with a clean cut, sever the root 
in such a way that the cleavage is made 
about two inches from the crown or 
upper part of the carrots. The taper- 
ing ends will be of no further service 
and may be thrown away. The next 
step is to hollow out the interior of 
the portions that are retained. This 
is perhaps most easily accomplished 
with the end of a rather blunt knife; 
holding the stump firmly in one hand 
while the tip of the implement is 
turned round and round. It is well 
to leave a good thickness between the 
interior of the carrot and the outside, 
and also to avoid boring too deeply 
toward the crown. A great deal of 


the success of the experiment depends upon leaving a good 
amount of root at that which has been the top of the carrot. 
As well great care must be taken to avoid making a hole 
right through in any part of the stump, as in this case the 


portion will be quite useless. 


When all the stumps have been hollowed out as indicated, 


steps may be taken to pre- 

pare the carrots in such a~ - 
way that they may be sus- 
pended. In the first place, 
with a bradawl, or any 
sharply pointed instrument, 
pierce four holes in each 
portion. These should go 
right through from the 
outside to the inside, and 
be about a quarter of 
an inch from the cut 
end as shown in the illustra- 
tion. The holes should be 
exactly at the four “‘cor- 
ners’—if one may use the 
word in connection with an 
article which is nearly cir- 
cular. A good deal de- 
pends upon arranging that 
each perforation is as near- 
ly opposite to its fellow as 
possible. Now obtain some 
string which is rather thin, 


all FIRST sight it must be admitted that 
there does not appear to be anything which 
is decorative about the homely carrot. 
However, with a little care it is possible to 
convert any number of roots into really 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


The root prepared for budding 


but such as will not rot easily if it is kept continuously wet. 
Cut a number of pieces of this about fifteen inches in length, 
allowing two portions for every carrot. Each of these lengths 
is to be threaded through two of the holes in every root. It 
will probably not be very easy to do this by forcing the 


twine through the holes, and the best 
way by far is to get a large needle— 
carrying the string through the open- 
ings being a simple matter in this man- 
ner. When each carrot is threaded the 
pieces of string should be pulled out so 
that they all meet quite evenly, and 
then they may be tied together firmly 
into a knot. If this has not already 
been done, any portion of the foliage 
which may be attached to the carrots 
should be removed. 

It is now necessary to find some 
light position where the stumps may 
be hung up, the crowns being of 
course downward. Perhaps the best 
place is in front of a window where 
there will be plenty of illumination. 
A little ingenuity will be needed in 
order to devise some arrangement 
whereby the carrots may be suspended 
in a good situation. Any place actu- 
ally on the framework of the window 
will probably be too near the glass 
and it will be undesirable to damage 
the woodwork with the driving in of 
pins or nails. A little temporary shelf 
may be improvised supported on two 


piles of books or boxes, and from this the carrots may be sus- 
pended, a tack or anything that will keep them in place 
answering the purpose admirably. ‘The next thing to do now 
will be to fill each portion of carrot with clean water. The 


following day it is likely that the root will have absorbed 


Boring the holes in the carrot 


nearly all the moisture, and the carrot must be filled up again 


and kept well supplied all 
along. The water must al- 
ways be sweet and pure, 
and in order to keep it so, 
it is a good plan to place in 
each root a tiny lump of 
charcoal. 

Of course, a good deal 
depends upon the tempera- 
ture of the apartment, but 
if the room is reasonably 
warm it will not be very 
long before a number of 
shoots are to be observed 
coming from the crown of 
the carrots. This will na- 
turally tend to grow out 
towards the light, and if 
this were allowed to take 
place, the result would be 
a one-sided affair which will 
be very far from attractive. 
The best way in which to 
get over the difficulty is to 


412 


The newly grown carrot 


change the position of the carrot every day, first turning it 
one side to the light and then the other, so that an even 
development is encouraged on every part of the stump. In 
about a fortnight the portion of the carrot will have been 
converted into an object of great beauty. From the crowns 
in each case long shoots of the well-known fern-like foliage 
will extend upwards, and any person who was not in the 
secret would be puzzled to say just how these really attrac- 
tive growths had been formed. If careful attention is 
given to the matter of watering, there is no reason why the 
sprouting carrots should not last for quite a long while, and 
when once the leaves are well developed the stumps may 
be removed from the windows, and suspended in any part 
of the room where they will look most decorative. An 
occasional sprinkling of water on the foliage will be found 
to keep things in a nice fresh condition. 

Do not, however, make the very common mistake, of too 
plentifully supplying your house with growing carrots. 
Interesting and beautiful as these roots are when grown in 
the way I have described, it would be a serious mistake to 
start too many of them and have them, let us suppose, 
depending from every window. ‘They are easy to arrange, 
easy to start, and no trouble at all to take care of, and the 
temptation to have many of them may often be too great 
to be resisted. But let me advice that this desire be heartily 
suppressed. Suspended carrots may well have their place in 
the winter decoration of the house, and they may be keenly 
appreciated and hugely enjoyed, for they are undoubtedly 
beautiful; but a few carrots will go a long way in most 


AMERICAN HOMES AND 


GARDENS 


October, 1909 


Scooping out the carrot 


households, and a few will be found more satisfactory in 
the end than many because of their novelty. A carrot at 
every window immediately loses its interest quality of novelty 
and much of its beauty will be lost through its very mul- 
tiplicity. 

People often make a serious mistake in choosing too many 
plants of one kind, or of related kinds, for house decoration. 
‘The space at one’s disposal is apt to be, on the whole, very 
limited. It is better by far to have a choice variety than 
to have a number of plants of one kind. ‘There is an 
immense interest in a well-developed window garden, but 
its interest is heightened by the variety of its contents. There 
is a very considerable variety of plants to select for such 
growing, and the interest of the little indoor flower-space 
will be greatly heightened by putting in as many different 
kinds as possible, giving them all the attention they deserve. 
and watching their varied growths and habits. The variety 
of bloom helps, also, and is an important feature in the 
pleasure to be derived from these charming household pets 
-—for pets they are, even if inanimate and silent. 

The carrot as a household decoration is almost unknown. 
Few have thought of it for this purpose, and I am per- 
suaded that few know of the manner of growth I have 
described and illustrated in this brief article. ’Tis, indeed, 
but a comparatively unimportant thing, a cheap plant, 
plucked, as it were, from the family market-basket. But 
it is still a thing of beauty, a decoration to be prized and 
enjoyed, and so I most heartily commend it to the plant- 
lover. 


October, 1909 


AVERT@GAN HOMES AND GARDENS xii 


a eae 


Ho 
AVI, 
pha; 


Garden Notes 


Window Plants 


HOUSE without a sunny window full of plants is a dreary 
as place in the winter time! 

If the sunny window is there the plants are easy to manage, 
for nothing is simpler than growing geraniums, for example, in the 
house. They are always beautiful, and they are so satisfactory because 
of their cheerful disposition. They bloom constantly and never look 
poorly unless they are injured by frost. 

Small plants can be bought of florists, or slips from old plants can 
be taken and rooted in sand, a process that takes not longer than two 
to three weeks. This should be done at once, so that they will be 
ready to bring in the house when cold weather comes. 

Calla lilies are very handsome in foliage and flower. They grow 
without much difficulty, though they may be shy bloomers. 

Amaryllis is a bulb of the simplest culture producing two or three 
stalks with a cluster of flowers at the end which go through the 
range of yellow-reds. 

Azaleas are beautiful while they are in bloom, but they can not be 
grown satisfactorily in the house. “They must be brought into bloom 
in a greenhouse, and after flowering they should go back there to 
recuperate for the next season. 

Begonias with their large glossy leaves and delicate flowers are 
indispensable in the window-garden. “The Rex begonias are striking 
in leaf, and the Lorraine begonias have beautiful blossoms. 

The Paris Daisy, or Marguerite, is easily grown and is very pleas- 
ing at first, but becomes scraggly and tiresome. 

Chinese primroses are continuous bloomers and are very delicate 
and pretty. Primula abconica has fine hairs on the leaves which 
irritate delicate skins. 

Cydamen is one of the best window plants. It is always in bloom 
and its graceful red or white flowers and streaked leaves never loose 
their charm. 

Nasturtiums are good, though a little harder to grow than some 
other things. 

Asparagus is a feathery-leaved vine that looks well growing at the 
side of the window. 

English ivy is a little too waxy and artificial looking for windows. 

Lobelia Erinus, the small blue lobelia, can be taken from the 
garden and, planted in a low dish, will bloom all winter. 

Oxalis, with pink flowers and leaves like clover, is good in any 
window. 

Petunias, cut before frost, will grow in water like the Wandering 
Jew, and will bloom as if they never knew what earth was. 


Basket Plants 


Anything can be grown in a basket if one likes, but the favorite 
things are those which droop and trail. Most ferns are good in 
baskets, and of the vines the following are the best: 
Moneywort, Vinca major, 
Nepeta, 


Senecio scandens. 
Kenilworth ivy, 


Tin Cans as Pots 


Tin cans are better in the house than earthen pots, because the 
moisture does not evaporate from them as rapidly as it does from the 
pots. Tomato cans or condensed milk cans with a few holes punched 
in the bottom for drainage will be large enough for most plants. “The 
cans can be painted or they can stand in a wooden window-box. 


Bulbs in the House 


In addition to the bulbs mentioned last month for outdoor plant- 
ing, many of which can be grown in the house, there are a number of 
tender bulbs which are very desirable in the window-garden. 

The polyanthus Narcissus (N. tacetta) in many varieties, N. 
Bulbocodium Clusit, paper white and the Chinese sacred lilies are all 
good tender kinds that can be grown in the window-garden. Other 
narcisst can be grown just as well except N. poeticus, of which the 
variety ornatus is the only one that can be forced. 

Freesias are good and not difficult to manage. They now come in 
a variety of colors, including rosy violet, bright orange-yellow, rosy 
carmine and pale lavender mauve. “These new colors are expensive, 
however, as the bulbs cost from $7 to $30 per ten. 

Of tulips the single early varieties are the best. 

Of iris the Spanish and English can be flowered in the house, 
though not very early in the spring. Jris alata, a tender variety, is 
said to be very good in the house. 

All these bulbs should be planted in flat pans or boxes in October, 
and kept moist and dark in a cool cellar until December, when they 
can-be brought to the light and will soon flower. After one season in 
the house they should be planted out in the wild garden. 

A wild garden in the house with blood root, trillium, Solomon’s 
seal, dodecatheon, snowdrops, crocuses, etc., is quite possible and 
might be very attractive. 


Replanting the Flower Garden 


October is the best month for replanting the flower-garden. Every 
two or three years it should be gone over, taking out unsatisfactory 
things, putting in new ones, dividing the clumps which are too large, 
and in general giving it a thorough overhauling. 

Peonies should never be moved, but Phlox will need dividing and 
replanting. ‘The irises may be too crowded, and the hollyhocks and 
foxglove may need replacing. 

Lilies may die out and some of the coarser things like rudbeckia 
may take too much room. 

The overhauling gives one an opportunity to work in manure and 
to plant many bulbs, such as lilies and bulbous iris. 


Asparagus Culture 


October is a good time to plant an asparagus bed. Two-year-old 
plants costing about a dollar per hundred are the best that can be 
bought. They should be planted about 6 inches deep in a very rich 
and carefully prepared bed, rich and carefully prepared because an 
asparagus-bed is a permanent thing and improves from year to year. 
The common practice is to plant them in rows 4 feet apart, 2 feet 
in the row, but I believe the French method is better. There they 
plant them 5 feet apart each way. Six inches of manure is spread 
on the bed in the fall as a mulch. The new shoots come up through 
that, and it is not spaded in until the cutting-season is over. 

No cutting should be done on an asparagus-bed until it is two 
years old. 

All weeds should be kept out, and it must be remembered that 
seedling asparagus plants are the worst of all weeds to have in an 
asparagus-bed. 


XIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


# CORRESPONDENCE © 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 


pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ” 
UTILIZING WICKER FURNITURE 
‘ME PROBLEM this month belongs 


with the changes that moving day 

brings to the home-maker. In our 
new house we have one less sitting-room, with, 
therefore, some extra pieces of wicker furniture 
to place somewhere. ‘These are stained in a 
light green, as they were formerly used in a 
small parlor. Now with our one large living- 
room furnished with mahogany and_ uphol- 
stered furniture the green willow does not fit. 
Yet we need more chairs in this room. Can 
you help us to utilize these pieces by some sug- 
gestion?’—T. R. F., South Carolina. 

If the willow chairs are of a good pattern 
and well made they will answer very well in 
the new living-room if they are restained or 
painted a dull mahogany, and the cushions on 
the seats re-covered to go with the general tone 
of the room. ‘This point is generally deter- 
mined by the wall covering, as the furniture 
shows against it, but the color of the floor coy- 
ering, is also important. If the walls are of 
buff color, the covering for the chairs could be 
a golden brown velvet, with the frames stained 
mahogany red. If the rug or carpet shows 
much green, then the covering could be in 
green or a green and gold. “The wicker fur- 
niture need not be abandoned, as it is capable 
of a good many adaptations to its environment. 


A LONG NARROW PARLOR 


“C..N.,” of Philadelphia, asks about the fur- 
nishing of a long, narrow parlor. ‘Our larg- 
est room is very narrow in proportion to the 
width-—the typical city parlor with two win- 
dows at the front, a wide opening into the hall, 
and another wide opening into the back room, 
which we shall use as a dining-room instead of 
the basement. But how to make this room 
that is too light in the front and too dark at 
the back an agreeable sitting-place is puzzling. 
I would buy new rugs and furniture if I knew 
how to arrange them attractively.” 

As most city parlors are too dark, the gen- 
eral principle to begin on with this room is to 
use a light wall-paper, either buff or deep 
ivory, or a newer tone called champagne. As 
one large rug may accentuate the long, narrow 
lines of the floor, three rugs may be used, one 
for the middle of the room, and one for each 
end. ‘The sizes of these rugs should suit the 
arrangement of the furniture, so that any break 
in the floor will not interfere with the legs of 
sofas or chairs. As the fireplace is probably 
opposite the hall entrance it will not be very 
adaptable for fireside enjoyment, but its ap- 
pearance should be carefully studied so that 
each detail of its appointments will help to 
give character to the room. If there is a gas- 


log there should be a brass fender made of 
pieced work or bars. If there is, instead, a 
basket-grate for burning coal or wood, it 
should be laid ready for lighting, with a spark- 
arrestor at hand. The mantel ornaments will, 
necessarily, be of a formal type, as all personal 
bric-a-brac will be excluded. 

A long sofa with a mahogany frame may be 
placed against the wall in the front part of the 
room, with an armchair and table opposite. 
‘The half-moon table, with a leaf that may be 
placed upright against the wall, is a help in 
furnishing a room of this kind. In the back 
of the parlor a round table may hold a drop 
light, or, if there is no connection for gas or 
electricity, a lamp on a tall standard may be 
used, and a light started in the early evening to 
make this portion of the room cheerful. As 
only general hints may be given at this dis- 
tance, the home-maker will need to watch the 
way in which the family groups itself together 
and follow this natural arrangement with sofas 
and chairs. 


CURTAINS FOR AN OFFICE 


“The solving of house-furnishing problems 
in your magazine has attracted my attention, 
although I am a business man, I am com- 
pelled to attend to certain fittings in my own 
ofice from time to time. Just now my win- 
dows are in need of some kind of curtaining to 
subdue the light yet that will not appear too 
feminine for a man’s place of business. The 
window-shade, when drawn completely down, 
looks gloomy; a lace curtain is obviously too 
fragile. Is there anything on the market that 
is more suitable ?”—D. E. W. 

If the windows in this office are like the 
usual ones in a large business building, they are 
very high and very wide. Under these condi- 
tions, the regular window-shade may be used 
too lighten or darken the upper sash, and a per- 
manent screen made for the lower sash with a 
half curtain. The sockets for the brass rod 
should be fastened to the casing and not-to the 
window itself. The new gauze that resists the 
action of the sun is well adapted for an office 
window, and there is an interesting range of 
colors. “The selection may follow the tone of 
the walls of the room. 


A SUBSTITUTE FOR A DROP LAMP 


A correspondent who has rented a cottage in 
Florida for the fall and early winter months 
writes: “‘We find instead of an electric lamp 
in our living-room that there is only a cord 
with an ordinary bulb at the end. This hangs 
over our center-table and is very unsightly. 
As we shall not keep house when we leave here 
we do not care to purchase an electric lamp if 
there is any way we can fix the bulb to give us 
a proper light for reading and sewing by in the 
evening.” 

A light-weight shade, about twelve inches 

(Continued on page xv) 


Garden Work About the Home 
By Charles Downing Lay 


SMALL SHRUBS FOR A SMALL PLACE 
THINK it is a mistake to plant shrubs 


which will grow very large on a small place. 

Even if the large shrubs are particularly 
beautiful, they soon make the place look over- 
crowded and themselves cramped. My advice 
to E. J. S., who has a lot 50x100 feet, is to use 
only small shrubs, leaving the large things for 
his neighbors who may have more land. 

The smaller broad-leaved evergreens are the 
best shrubs that can be used, and now, un- 
fortunately, they are the most expensive that 
one can buy. 

The most notable of this group are Rhodo- 
dedron punctatum, R. hirsutum, R. ferru- 
gineum, R. Wailsonianum, R. myrtifolum, 
Azalea amoena, Pieris floribunda, Leiophyl- 
lum buxifolium., 

Conifers of small size include Juniperus 
communis, J. sinensis, Retinosporas in variety, 
Pinus mugho and P. cembra and several yews. 

Of the small deciduous shrubs there is a 
considerable variety, many of them not well 
known. Such are Hypericum aureum, H. 
Moserianum, H. densiflorum, all semi-ever- 
green shrubs about three feet high with yellow 
flowers in midsummer. 

The blue Spiraea, Caryopteris mastacanthus 
grows higher but can easily be cut back. It 
has pure blue flowers late in the year and very 
bluish-green leaves. It is a very good thing 
which is not often seen. 

Ceanothus Americanus is a low shrub with 
good foliage and button-like flowers in May. 
It is common along the roadside, but is seldom 
planted in suburban places. 

Spiraea Thunbergi, Thunberg’s Spiraea, is 
well known and desirable. It often grows 
four or five feet high when neglected, but is 
then very straggly. It should be kept under 
three feet. 

Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, yellow root, is a 
native with the most beautiful foliage which 
turns clear yellow in the autumn. It is al- 
ways under two feet high and spreads rapidly 
by underground stems, forming large clumps. 

Dirca palustris, leather wood, with light- 
green foliage, inconspicuous flowers and sym- 
metrical shape, branches like a tree and is good 
even in winter when the leaves are gone. 

Stephanandra flexuosa has feathery foliage 
in great profusion and small white flowers. 

Symphoricarpus racemosus, Indian currant, 
an unappreciated shrub with foliage perfect in 
color and red berries persisting after the leaves. 
It will grow in dense shade. 

Hibiscus moscheutos, the marshmallow and 
peonies, both herbaceous and tree, would 
count as shrubs in such a scheme if used in 
moderation. 

Azaleas, especially the Ghent and Mollis- 


October, 1909 


varieties, are lovely in color and should be’ 


freely though carefully used. 

A collection of Japanese maples is always 
effective. They grow slowly and count as 
small shrubs, although some of them reach a 
height of fifteen to twenty feet, perhaps more, 
when they are charming small trees. 

Deutzia Gracilis is a well-known low shrub, 
good in mass but not at all showy. 

Daphne Mezereon and D. Cneorum are 
both good shrubs, the former deciduous and 
two to three feet high, and the latter evergreen 
and low. 

Low trees to be in scale with the shrubs 
should be used, and these would include the 
dogwood, sophora, hawthorns, laburnum, 
white fringe, mountain ash, sour wood, silver 
bell tree, shad bush, several magnolias and 
flowering apples. 


CHANGE OF COLOR IN HYDRANGEAS 


The pink hydrangea (H. hortensis), which 
is commonly grown in tubs, sometimes turns 
blue and H. J. asks what the reason is. It is 
not well understood, except that it is due to 
some of the chemical constituents of the soil. 
A pink hydrangea can be turned blue by mix- 
ing half a pound of alum crystals with each 
oushel of soil, but there is no way of getting a 
hydrangea which is blue back to the pink color. 


COLD PITS 


The small greenhouse which Mrs. C. R. 
purposes to build will be very good fun, but I 


think she could have more pleasure for the , 


same outlay and reduced running-cost by build- 
ing a cold pit. | 

The cold pit is not only for the storage of 
such tender things as bay trees, hydrangeas, 
etc., but it can be used to keep pans of bulbs 
in until they are ready to bring forward in 
the house or greenhouse, and azaleas, rhodo- 
dendrons and other potted things can be 


brought into flowering condition in such a'| 


house. 


It requires no heat except that of the sun. 


(and a lamp on very cold nights), since it is 
not a hothouse and the plants in it will not be 
flowered there early in the year. 

A small cold pit is almost indispensable on 


any place, and one really needs it more if one , 


has a hothouse. 


THE BEST SEASON FOR PLANTING 
TREES AND SHRUBS 


Which is the best time for planting trees 
and shrubs, asks Mr. M., and his question, 
which is asked oftener than any other perhaps, 
deserves some discussion, because it is im- 
portant, though unanswerable. 

The fall planting season is better than that of 
spring in that it lasts near New York from 
the first of October until the time the ground 
freezes, which may be late in December, giv- 
ing plenty of time to do work which in the 
spring may have to be hurried in four or five 
weeks. 

If storms delay the spring planting and if 
warm weather begins early, the trees and 
shrubs may be so far advanced when one gets 
them from the nursery or when one is able to 
plant them, that they will not bear trans. 
planting without a check and may be a total 
loss, whereas in fall planting any stuff which 
is left over when the ground freezes can be 
heeled in and will go through the winter un- 
harmed and can be planted at the beginning 
of the spring season. 

There is no doubt that plants which can be 
successfully planted in the fall are better 
planted at that time under ordinary conditions 
because the ground becomes well settled about 


their roots which have time to grow before : 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


BUILDING 


Construction 


AND 


Superintendence 


By F. E. KIDDER, C.E., Ph.D. 


Author of “The Architects’ Builders’ Pocketbook” 


Revised and Enlarged by 
THOMAS NOLAN, M.S., A.M. 


In Three Volumes, 7% x 934 inches. 


Part I. Masons’ Work 


Ninth Edition, Revised. 965 Pages, 
628 Illustrations. Price, $6.00, Post- 
paid. 


Part II. Carpenters’ Work 


‘Seventh Edition. 544 Pages, 525 
Illustrations. Price, $4.00, Postpaid. 


Part III., Section I. 
Trussed Roofs and Roof 


Trusses 


Second Edition. 299 Pages, 307 
Illustrations. Price, $3.00, Postpaid. 


Sold Separately 


MUNN ¢& COMPANY, Inc. 


361 BROADWAY NEW YORK 


¥FUST PUBLISHED 


AMERICAN 
RENAISSANCE 


TA Nieview of Domestic Architecture 
Dy Hoy Wheeler Dow, Architect DP 


ILLUSTRATED dy NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES 


THE GARDEN FRONT 
From “‘American Renaissance ”” 


EASTOVER (Miniature). 


This book is a carefully prepared history 
of American Domestic Architecture from 
Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- 
orate manner and worthy a place in every 
architectural library, and should be read by 
every one who desires to familiarize him- 
self with Colonial architecture and its effect 
on the architecture of to-day. 


CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; IT., Art 
and Commercialism; III., The Ancient 
Regime—Andrew Jackson ; IV., Humble 
Beginnings of a National School ; V., The 
Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- 
tury Work; VIL, The Transitional 
Period; VIIL,, Reign of Terror—Its Neg- 
ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- 
(AObdO DrGe Adaptation; XI., Concerning 
Style; ane Conclusion. 


HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP 


Price, $4.00 net 
“MUNN & CO., INC, NEW YORK 


) shrub, 


XV 


there is any strain put on them to supply the 
leaves of the tree with sap. 

Most of the trees except oak, magnolias, 
birches and tulips, can be planted in the fall 
as well as in the spring. Oaks may live with 
fall planting, but magnolias are almost sure 
to die. 

All shrubs do well with fall planting except 
Hypericum and one or two others. 

Larches should always be planted in the fall, 
because their leaves start very early in the 
spring. 

PLANTING SCHOOL GROUNDS 


The trees and shrubs which are planted on 
school-grounds should be of the hardiest and 
most rugged kind, and if they have a few 
thorns, so much th better. Flowers, of 
course, are desirable in the spring, but the 
chief thing is to have the grounds look well 
dressed and orderly. Evergreens may be used, 
but in most cases I think they are quite out of 
the question, not only because of their cost 
but because they need more care and are less 
likely to endure the hard conditions of a school- 
yard. 

Aralia pentaphylla is an excellent shrub for 
such a place. It is a strong grower, reaching 
ten feet in height, the foliage is a dark shining 
green, and there are small thorns on the stiff 
stems. 

The privets are all good and have the ad- 
vantage of bearing pretty white flowers in 
June. 

Barberries, of course, must be included and 
will prove satisfactory in any good soil where 
they are not too shaded. ‘Their winter beauty 
is only one of their charms. 

The Caragana arborescens, or Siberian pea 
is another hardy strong grower. It 
has yellow flowers in June. 

Deutzias, Forsythias and Weigelas are quite 
possible, and so is the Syringa (Philadelphus), 
but lilacs, honeysuckles, hibiscus and spiraeas 
had better not be planted except in the deep 
country where flowers are common; in other 
places the temptation to pick them will be too 
great. 

Oaks and maples are undoubtedly the best 
trees and should be planted in rather a formal 
way, in order to shade the whole playground. 

Evergreens like the pines, and hemlocks 
would be grateful at the north side as a wind- 
break in winter, but they are too easy to climb 
to be planted in the schoolyard. 

Shrubs with conspicuous fruit like the 
viburnum, are scarcely advisable, as it is 
doubtful if a stomach full of viburnum ber- 
ries would be any help to the youngest scholar. 


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_ STABLE _ 
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The Scientific American Boy 


By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 oy 
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 
q Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- 


fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. 
Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari- 
ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 


XVI 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


In The Public Service 


The President of the United States 
works for 80,000,000 people all the time. 


He needs rest and change to keep him 
fit for his work, and yet he cannot neglect 
his official duties, he must always be within 
reach. 


When Washington was president he 
rode his horse as far as Mount Vernon and 
kept in touch by messenger with the affairs 
of state. The President to-day has a wider 
range and can seek the cooling breezes of 
the New Englaad coast. 


The long distance telephone keeps him 
in constant communication with the capital 
and the nation. 


The railroad will carry him back tc 


instead, not only to Washington but to any 
other point. 


The Rell system performs this service 
not only for the President, but for the whole 
public. 


This system has been built up so grad- 
ually and extended so quietly that busy 
men hardly realize its magnitude or appreci- 
ate its full value. 


Washington in a day, but usually he need 
not make even this brief journey. The 
Bell telephone enables him to send his voice 


Forty thousand cities, towns and villages 
are connected by the Bell system, which 
serves all the people all the time. 


The Bell telephone has become the implement of a nation. 
It increases the sum total of human efficiency, and makes 
every hour of the day more valuable to busy men and women. 


The highest type of public service can be achieved only by one policy, one system, universal service. 
The American Telephone and Telegraph Company 


And Associated Companies 
Every Bell Telephone is The Center of the System. 


vom Ppactical Steam and == 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


By ALFRED G. KING 
402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations 


Price $3.00 


An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


HE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of.the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 

together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. 

This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 
text, diagrams and illustrations. 


IN I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON _paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Ghininesamice! 
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 
XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. 


y 
> Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


MUNN & COMPANY, INC. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 


Problems in Home Furnishing 


(Continued from page xiv) 


across the bottom, may cover the electric bulb 
without the usual base or standard required by 
a heavy lamp. A wire frame may be covered 
with grass cloth or wall-paper by one who is 
clever at such things, or a Japanese paper 
shade with enameled ribs may be bought. The 
wicker shades with paper linings that have 
been so popular this summer may also be used 
by this correspondent for her special need. 


COLOR SCHEME FOR A MUSIC ROOM 


“A Music Teacher’ inquires about some 
way to bring interest into the room in which 
she does her teaching. ‘““The walls need re- 
papering, and the white woodwork will have 
to be painted, and I would like to improve on 
the present coloring of both, which is very or- 
dinary. I believe that color effect in a room 
engages the interest and gives pleasure, but I 
do not know how to create this for myself and 
my pupils.” 

A new paper made by an American firm 
and printed in dull gray with a little gold, 
green and lavender in the background, is sug- 
gested for the wall covering, as. it gives a 
misty, outdoors feeling and does not require 
pictures for a decoration. ‘The woodwork will 
need to be painted gray to correspond with the 
tone of the paper. Thin écru net may be hung 
across the windows, with over-curtains of gold 
color. (There are various materials from 
which to choose, according to the amount that 
is to be expended.) If there is a mantel, a 
mirror with a frame in a hand-carved pattern 
may be hung above it. If rugs are to be used 
their coloring should be kept subordinate to 
the wall and curtain colors. Superfluous fur- 
niture should be eliminated from the room, and 
comfortable chairs with arms installed. The 
rattan chair made in China and costing ten 
dollars looks well in a studio. 


CARE OF HOUSE PLANTS 
IN WINTER 


O BE literally correct the care of house 
aces begins much in advance of the 

winter season, or at that time at which 
the plants which are to be grown for foliage 
or bloom in the coming winter months are 
purchased or secured. 

As soon as it is warm enough to place house 
plants in the open air one may begin to pre- 
pare for winter by starting cuttings of ge- 
raniums and other plants. A sand-box in the 
open air in a more or less sunny position, ac- 
cording to the class of plants which are to be 
grown, is the best place for this preliminary 
work. For the growing of geraniums, helio- 
tropes and such sun-loving plants a south ex- 
posure will be found favorable, while an 
eastern position will answer for most other 
varieties of plants. Any large, shallow box 
suited to the number of plants to be cared for 
will do, and it should be elevated upon sup- 
ports of some kind to a height that will be 
convenient to work at when seated on a chair 
beside it; also, it should be of a width easily 
reached across. 

The box should be filled full of clean, white 
sand, into which the pots of plants are plunged 
to the rims. Cuttings to be rooted may be 
thrust into the sand between the pots, and will 
guickly strike or root. Plants usually make 
abundant root growth in the sand—much in 
advance of that made when started in earth, 
and it will not be necessary to pot off the cut- 
ings until they have made some top growth; 
then they should be potted in quite small pots 
of good compost suited to the particular needs 


October, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVii 


Pe 
if 


This work is in a class by itself—no increase in cost over 
ordinary construction. We invite your inspection of many 
attractive houses, bungalows and chalets, built in the last few 
years, some having fireproof features in terra-cotta tile with 
slate, tile or asbestos roofs—and completed under one contract 
covering every branch of the work. 


& | | | | 
é224 CRAFTSMAN HOUSE 
=] FROM CORNERSTONE 
ce Ei Um CuiKiOU SLY 
SUGGESTS THE CHARACTER 
re COUR TNE RIOR 


All hand wrought materials prepared in our own shops, in- 
cluding wood craft and metal work. 

May we co-operate with your architect, or recommend one 
best fitted for your particular needs ? 

Our collection of designs is very interesting. 

We build anywhere within one hundred miles. 


BUILDERS*CRAFTSMEN 
S8WEST COMIAN Y YORK 


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BUILDING METHOD 


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BEDS 


Cottage Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and 
investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever 


brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within 
the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. 
The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades 
of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first 
series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 
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pled aa nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexp~nsive 
omes, 


No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been 
erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with the details of 
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floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally 

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one Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
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No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in 
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specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from 
photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates of 
floor plans, elevations and details. 


No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, 
Tanging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, 
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all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. 
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and details. 
ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID 
(Sold Separately) 


MUNN & COM Sctenrrie “AMERICAN 


Three-Sixty-One Broadway, New York 


LIBRARY METROPOLITAN LIFE EXECUTED BY FLINT’'S 


Interior Decorations and Furnishings 


No matter how much forethought and study is personally given to the 
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Time, trouble and, not infrequently, needless expense may be saved by 
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Geo. C. FLINT Co. 


43-47 WEST 23“ OT. 24-28 West 24" St. 


xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


The Heart of the House 


Possibly you think we have something pretty to 
say about the baby Well, no doubt there is much 
to be said in his behalf; but if there is anything 
that is rightly entitled to the honor of being called 
the ‘‘Heart of the House,’’ it is the pump that 
gives the house it circulation of pure water. 

What the animal’s heart is to the creature’s life, 
such is the Rider-Ericsson Pump to the home in 
the suburbs: and its operation is as simple, as cer- 
tain, as automatic as that of a healthy heart. 

“Tt has done it work faithfully, without hitch 
or hindrance,’’ says one of our customers, in a 
happy summing up of the whole case. 

That is just what you want in the heart of your 


Too much cannot be said of the importance 
—the wvita/ importance—of the water supply in 
the country house. Practically every department 
of the household depends on it, from the supply 
for the morning bath to the feeding of the kitchen 
boiler and the watering of the thirsty garden and 
lawn. 

It is only fair to your household, as well as to 
yourself, to have a pump installed which will do 
its work unfailingly and with no cause for anxiety 
on your part. 

Having installed the Hot-Air Pump, you can 
dismiss this important factor from your careful 
calculations—and_ rest assured that the work will 
be well done. 


house, is it not? 


Be sure that the name % “RIDER Of “ERICSSON appears upon the pump you 
purchase This name ‘RECO: “REECO- protects you against worthless 


imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering wiite to our 
nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer 1n your locality who will sell you only 
the genuine pump. Over 40.000 are in use throughout the world to-day 


Write for Catalogue EF, and ask for reduced price-list. 


35 Warren Street New York 


RIDER-E.RICSSON 239 Pranklin Stee Boxon 


Dearborn Street 1 2 

40 North 7th Street Philadelphia “= jillilig Tat 
Montreal, P Q a 
Sydney. N S. W |. Res}: 


hy Fs 
ENGINE Co. 234 Cra Street, West 


(Also builders of the new ‘“‘Reeco” Electric P277p-.) 


ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? 


The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect 
means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder 

Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a 
combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. 

Our 75-page catalog, which will be sent free (enclose ten cents to 
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the most unique line on the market. We are manufacturers of Tiles, 
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WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept. D, Atlanta, Ga. 


Structural& Ornamental ice! a 


FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. 
SEND oR CATALOGUES. 


Dixon’s crane Paint Lasts 
And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. What 
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JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 


ee x ca al ce ate \ oma, 


“The Salvation of Our Trees” 
| Educational Lecture by John Davey 
“The Father of Tree Surgery” 


John Davey, the world’s greatest tree expert, who gave to mankind the won- 
dertul profession of tree surgery, is rounding out his useful life by the delivery of 
an illustrated lecture, ‘‘The Salvation of Our Trees,” that arouses each com- 
munity in which it is heard to the needs of its trees. Knowledge of trees, founded 
on abiding love for them, enables Mr. Davey to speak with convincing force. 

This lecture, using over 150 beautiful lantern slides, illustrates real trees, por- 
traying every phase of tree life—perfect and imperfect trees; sick and wounded 
trees ; neglected and ‘‘butchered’’ trees ; improperly treated trees, and trees that 
ave been saved by the science of tree surgery, properly applied. 

Mr. Davey, describes with powerful effect the wonders of tree life, from an en- 
tirely new standpoint. His words areithe expression of a life experience, and ap- 
peal to the best emotions of his hearers—for a deeper appreciation of the signifi- 
cance of trees and a tenderer regard for their welfare. 

“The Salvation of Our Trees” is practical, yet entertaining; instructive, but filled with human interest; 
original, and little less than astounding in many of its revelations. The president of the American Civic 
Association said of this lecture ‘‘I wish ten thousand comnunities might hear it; ¢haf would mean the sal- 
vation of a million trees.” ' 

Fall and winter engagements for Mr. Davey are rapidly being completed. Special rates will be made to | 
Park Commissions, Civic Improvement Societies, Boards of Trade, Schools and Colleges, Women’s Clubs and 
Chautauquas. Those interested should write promptly, for open dates, booklets and full information. 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY 
(Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry) 
Desk 2, KENT, OHIO 


“THE TREE DOCTOR ”—The latest book of John Davey. Practical from cover to cover. 213 beautiful 
photographic illustrations. It tells how; is good to read and better to study. $2.00 postpaid. Large and 
handsome brochure ‘‘ Our Wounded Friends, The Trees”’ free to owners of property with trees. 


= ee Ve 


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aka 


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EWS 


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JOHN DAVEY 
Father of Tree Surgery 


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of the plant—good garden loam for geraniums, 
leaf mold and sharp sand for begonias, 
fuchsias and various other plants, and a com- 
bination of loam, sand and mold for the 
majority. 

Many varieties of house plants may be 
started from seed sown in flats in the house 
and in hotbeds, and as soon as large enough be 
potted off and plunged in the sand-box. Car- 
nations, cinnerarias, calceolarias, fuchsias, ge- 
raniums, hibiscus, lantanas, abutilons and the 
like are all easily raised from seed, and the 
sand-box will prove a safe harbor for them 
during their period of growth in the summer. 

The sand in the box should never be al- 
lowed to dry out, and this surrounding the 
pots maintains an even degree of moisture, so 
that the plants themselves require less frequent 
watering. While they are still small the ap- 
plication of water should be very carefully 
regulated, as too much is apt to induce a 
spindly, weak growth, while too little may 
cause the death of the plant. After the plants 
have reached a three-inch pot a longer time 
may elapse between waterings, allowing the 
soil in the pots to become nearly, but not quite, 
dry, as this induces a sturdier, stockier growth. 
Especially is this the case with geraniums, 
which may be allowed to become quite dry be- 
tween waterings after they have arrived at a 
four-inch pot. 

The condition of the root growth must be 
watched, and as soon as the roots fill the pots 
they should be shifted on to a size larger. In 
this way such plants as cinnerarias and the 
like should have had several shifts between 
their first potting and the time when they are 
to be brought into the house in the fall, so at 
that time they should occupy a seven or eight- 
inch pot and be in vigorous condition and well 
set with flower buds. All buds which have 
appeared during the summer months should 
have been promptly removed up to the first or 
middle of September, by which time the plant 
will be sufficiently developed for blooming and 
the flowers will arrive at the proper time for 
indoor display. 

Any plants which have been bedded out dur- 
ing the summer and are wanted for winter 
blooming should be lifted not later than the 
middle of September and gotten into winter 
quarters before the fires’ are kindled or the 
doors and windows closed. “They should be 
prepared for lifting by cutting around the 
plants with a sharp knife or trowel, making 
the cut the size of the pot to be used in pot- 
ting; this should be done a fortnight before 
lifting, that the plant may have time to re- 
cover and to begin the formation of new 
roots. ‘The plants should be thoroughly soaked 
the night before lifting, and the spade, rather 
than a trowel, should be used for the work, 
lifting the plant and slipping it into the pot 
with one operation and as little handling as 
possible. Some plants are difficult to lift 
owing to the small amount of fibrous roots 
they possess; this is especially true of the ge- 
ranium, and for this reason it is quite apt to 
drop its leaves after potting. The only pre- 
ventive is to disturb the ball of earth as 
little as possible and to keep the foliage wet 
for some time after lifting by frequent spray- 
ing, setting the pot in a cool, shady place for 
a few days until it has recovered from the 
change. ‘Geraniums are much more apt to 
shed their’ leaves than their flowers, but as a 
new shoot or branch will usually be produced 
from the axile of every discarded leaf, it is 
not so great a misfortune as would at first 
appear, as every new branch means new blos- 
som points, and geraniums are plants which re- 
quire encouragement to make stocky growth. 

Before bringing the plants into the house, 
or even lifting them, it will be well to see that 
everything, is in readiness for their reception, 
and, above all, to be sure that there is sufficient 


October, 1909 


room for the number of plants to be placed. 
Only good vigorous plants should be used, and 
where the space at command is limited it will 
be well to cull severely rather than to over- 
crowd. Often there will be certain plants 
which are in full bloom at the time of lifting 
but which give little promise of further bloom 
after the present florescence is passed; these 
should be provided with a place in a warm 
light cellar, to which they may be removed 
when through blooming and their place sup- 
plied with blossoming bulbs. Deciduous shrubs 
and plants may be wintered in a dark cellar, 
but evergreen plants, and more especially those 
of soft, succulent growths, require light. 


It must be remembered that plants in the 
house will require all the light possible, and 
that unless one wishes to sacrifice the personal 
use of the windows one should limit the num- 
ber of plants retained. It must also be re- 
membered that the closer plants are placed to 
the glass the less light there will be; placed a 
little back from the glass the light has a chance 
to enter and diffuse itself. Geraniums, un- 
fortunately, do not bloom very well unless quite 
close to the glass, so should have a window to 
themselves; indeed, it is always more satisfac- 
tory to grow only one variety of plants in a 
window, not alone that the effect is better, but 
as they all require the same treatment the care 
is much simplified and the results more certain. 


A very attractive way to arrange plants is 
by using long, narrow window-boxes, suf- 
ficiently wide to hold one row of pots and set 
the pots therein, filling up the intervening 
spaces with sand or sphagnum moss. By this 
method the plants may be lifted and turned 
as required, and any which become shabby or 
otherwise undesirable may be removed and 
fresh ones substituted. “These boxes should be 
finished or painted to match the trim of the 
room and a pretty finish is given, where white 
is the color scheme, by adding a strip of pic- 
ture-molding (to match the _picture-rail) 
around the bottom. 


Such a box filled with primroses is charm- 
ing, and may be placed in a west window, the 
baby primrose doing exceptionally well in a 
west light; geraniums or heliotropes may be 
placed in the south windows, and ferns, be- 
gonias and asparagus vines in a north window. 
Rex begonias—which seldom do well in the 
dry, heated atmosphere of the living-room— 
may be grown successfully by shielding the 
box with a pane of glass the size of the lower 
half of the window; this should be lightly 
mounted in a frame and hinged to the top of 
the lower sash, dropping down over the outer 
edge of the box; sufficient air and heat will 
enter at the side, and the glass excluding the 
dust and retaining the moisture creates a minia- 
ture greenhouse whose atmosphere is very con- 
genial to the plants. If the glass comes too 
close to the plants it may be held away from 
them by a thin stick of wood attached to the 
side of the frame or of the box. 


Next in importance to good light, perfect 
ventilation and a daily supply of fresh air is 
important; fresh air from outside should not 
be allowed to blow directly on the plants, 
however, but should rather be admitted by 
opening a door or window in an adjoining 
room and thoroughly ventilating the apartment 
in this way. Heat supplied in the same indi- 
rect manner is far more agreeable to plants, 
and does away with much dust which collects 
on the foliage, and is most injurious. Plants 
grown in a room which takes its heat from an 
adjoining one always do far better than in a 
room with a fire; for this reason bedroom win- 
dows are very favorable positions for plants, 
and if a watering pot is kept with them into 
which the wash water from the bowl may be 
emptied, and this used for watering the plants, 
the growth will usually be all that is desired. 
Soapsuds is an excellent insecticide and fertil- 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


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The Gurney Heater is made for either hot water or steam. It consumes 
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See that the Gurney is installed and avoid disappointment. 


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absolute evidence of Gurney superiority, ask your neighbor who owns one. 
Can be installed in old or new buildings without inconvenience or disturbance. 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue or consult your local dealer. 


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<x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Hlome-made Gas-lLlight 
From Crushed Stone 


OR a long time City people were afraid of 
Gas, thinking it might “blow-up the house” 
or poison them in their sleep. 

But, little by little it came home to them 
that there were many more accidents recorded 
in the newspapers from carrying around Candles 
an! Lamps than there were from the fixed-on-the- 
wall Gas jets. 

And, the Insurance people soon figured this 
out in percentage, for their own sakes. 

So,—it would need a lot of searching today 
in Cities or Towns to find a Candlestick or an 
occasional Kerosene Lamp. 

Gaslight jor the Country came slower, with 
Rural Delivery and the Rural Telephone. 

Because “Rural Gaslight’? must be made at 
home as Candles were,—and Country Folk are 
not Chemists. 

ee Eee 

But, the ‘‘ready-to-make” Gas material came 
at last. 

Its name is ‘Calcium Carbide.” 

An experimentalist named Willson produced 
this weird stuff with an Electric Furnace while 
trying to make something else. ee. 

It looks like crushed stone but Quy Ss 
it acts like magic. SW > 
z And, it solved the Rural ==} 

aslight problem—instanter. were ey 

Operating under the‘‘Willson”’ Lig 
and many other patents, the “7: 
Union Carbide Company, with 
headquarters at 157 Michigan 
Avenue, Chicago, is now the largest manufac- 
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“Union Carbide” is made at the Com- 
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snd Sault Ste. Marie, and is distributed 


YOU can make 
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exclusively by Union Carbide Sales Co., through its 
warehouses scattered all over America. 

“Union Carbide” won’t burn, can’t explode, 
and will ‘keep’? anywhere for years, stored in 
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shipped from the factory. 

When “Union Carbide” is dropped into plain 
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When this Gas is lighted at a burner, same as 
City Gas, it gives forth a brilliant white light, of 
exactly the same chemical quality and color- 
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eS Ee 

Acetylene Gas being ten times purer than 
City Gas only one-tenth as much of its flame is 
needed as would be required for the same candle- 
power of Light from City Gas, Kerosene or Gaso- 
lene. 

This means that only a very small fraction of 
the heat, with none of the soot and smell of Kero- 
sene or Gasolene is present. 

It also accounts for the fact that an Acetylene 
Light of 24 candle-power costs only about 3} 
cents for 10 hours, lighting; while regular Kerosene 
Lamps cost about 6 cents in Kerosene, Chimneys 
and Wicks, on the average, for the same 24 candle- 
power in 10 hours’ lighting. 

And, 40 Acetylene Lights need only about 
30 minutes per month of labor, while 8 to 10 Kero- 
sene Lamps need that same 30 minutes of labor 
every day for 365 days in the year. 

che eieck 

Compare 6 hours per year for 40 Acetylene 
Lights with 183 hours per year for 8 or 10 Kerosene 
Lamps. 

And consider the unpleasant kind of work 
such ‘Lamp Slavery” represents. 

Meantime, Acetylene is the most beautiful 
Light ever used, as well as the most convenient. 

Brilliant, cool, steady, soft, safe, and colorless 
as Sunlight itself. 

It is the only artificial Light under which pale- 
yellow, pale-blue, or pink are seen at their true 
value. 

Two million Americans use it regularly today, 
and over 348 Towns are publicly lighted by it. 

You will be surprised to find out how easily 
and cheaply you can make this wonderful light 
yourself. 

Not only light for every room in your house, 
but light for your out-build- 
ings, barns and barnyard, if 
you have any, and, what’s 
more, light that can be turn- 
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without the use of matches. 

Write us today how large 
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October, 1909 


izer, and water from this source is usually of 
the right temperature. 

The weekly or semi-weekly bath is of first 
importance, and this, more than any one thing, 
will tend to keep the plants in health and 
free from insects; the best way to supply this 
is to take the plants to the bathroom and use 
the bath spray, first tempering the water to 
about the temperature of the room and sending 
the spray over and under the foliage so that 
every part of the plant is thoroughly washed. 
If there is no bathroom convenient, then the 
plants may be carried to the kitchen or laun- 
dry and a short hose attached to the water 
supply used, or a watering-pot employed, but 
plants should not be carried through cold halls 
or rooms when wet, and if this can not be 
avoided then it will be better to give them 
their bath where they grow by means of a 
zinc tube and watering-pot. ‘This, in the case 
of small plants, is not difficult, and the weekly 
bath may be supplemented by a daily spraying 
with a rubber sprinkler, preferably of the 
crooked-necked variety. 

Weak-limbed, straggly plants, like the ivy 
geraniums, petunias and the like, should be 
carefully staked, using neat bamboo stakes for 
the purpose or other sightly supports. 

If good soil and suitable fertilizer has been 
used in potting the plants in the fall, little if 
any further enrichment will be necessary dur- 
ing the winter. It is a good plan to combine a 
small quantity of bone meal with the soil in 
the pot, as this is quite lasting in its effects, 
but liquid fertilizer should never be given to 
plants which are not already growing; weak, 
backward plants which can not assimilate the 
food already in the soil will be simply given 
an attack of indigestion by the presence of more 
food. Ammonia, which is not a food but a 
stimulant, may be given in weak doses occa- 
sionally to create a desire for food, but that 
is all. 

Over-watering is one of the chief sins of 
treatment which indoor plants receive.  Al- 
most all plants are benefited by being allowed 
to become nearly dry between waterings; wet 
soil and poor drainage means sour soil—a con- 
dition no plant can endure and remain healthy, 
and it is to this cause we must look in nine 
times out of ten when a plant becomes ailing; 
the plant should be turned out of the pot by 
placing the fingers over the soil and reversing 
the pot and giving it a sharp tap against the 
side of the table, when the ball of earth will 
roll out in the hand and the condition of the 
roots may be examined; if no white roots ap- 
pear and few if any brown ones, it is an indica- 
tion that the plant is occupying too large a 
pot, and it will be better to remove a portion 
of the earth and repot in a smaller one, using 
good drainage and packing the earth very 
firmly about the roots if the plant is a hard- 
wooded one, more lightly if of soft, succulent 
growth, like the begonias or impatians, Prim- 
roses, which are inclined to decay at the crown, 
should have the earth higher at this point, 
while heliotropes, on the other hand, which 
make a close, fibrous mat of root, difficult of 
penetration by water, should rather be lower 
than higher at the sides of the pot that 
the water may soak down through the roots 
rather than run off between the pot and the 
ball of earth; it will also be well to open a 
few channels for it by running a pencil down 
into the soil. 

Where there is found a good growth of 
new roots the plants should be carefully re- 
turned to the pot and allowed time to give 
results; it is all right, and probably only needs 
a little time to produce flowers; at this time 
if there is doubt of the fertility of the soil, a 
little weak liquid manure may be given or a 
little bone meal sprinkled over the surface of 
the soil and worked into it with a fork. 

Suitable soil for repotting should be pro- 


Gierahengao AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


vided in the fall, and sharp sand, broken char- 
coal and sphagnum moss be kept handy for use 
in case of any plant which may need repotting ; 
accidents often occur by which a plant is 
thrown down and the pot broken and nothing 
at hand to repair the damage; this should be 
provided for in season. 

Plants and bulbs for spring potting often 
arrive from the florists at a time when earth is 
not available from the garden, and a supply in 
the cellar will be found most convenient. 

Hanging baskets present one of the most 
dificult problems for winter care; their posi- 
tion in the upper part of the room, where the 
air is several degrees warmer than at the win- 
dow-sil!, necessitates more frequent and 
copious watering than pot plants receive, and 
the watering is attended with difficulty of 
various kinds. Plants in earthen baskets are 
mussy things to water owing to the tendency 
of water to run off through the holes in the 
sides of the basket for hanging it; the drainage 
hole in the bottom also affords another means 
for a deluge, unexpected and unpleasant; for 
this reason I prefer the wire baskets lined 
with moss, which, with proper watering 
twice a week, will usually prove very satis- 
factory. The best way to water these is to 
take them down and immerse the entire basket 
in a pail of tepid water until the ball of earth 
is thoroughly soaked; the basket should then 
be thoroughly drained before returning it to 
its position in the window by setting it over an 
empty pail or large pan until the water ceases 
to drip from it. Treated thus the plants will 
make a very satisfactory showing. 

Plants which are kept growing and clean 
will seldom be troubled with insects; white 
worms in the soil, which may be destroyed by 
soaking the earth with lime water, and green 
lice are the most common foes, and the latter 
may be destroyed by smoking the plants with 
wet tobacco stems laid on coals or by spraying 
with water heated to a temperature of one 
hundred and forty degrees. This will also be 
found effective in ridding plants of red spider; 
in this case, when the plants are of suitable 
size, resort may be had to dipping the entire 
plant in hot water of about one hundred and 
thirty degrees and hold it there a couple of 
minutes. This not only kills any insects with 
which it may be infested but also cleans and 
invigorates the plant. 


CARING FOR CANNAS AND OTHER 
ROOTS DURING WINTER 
By Ida D. Bennett 


HE care of cannas and roots of other 
T plants used for summer-bedding during 

the winter months is one of the perplex- 
ities of gardening, so prone are they to decay. 
I have known professional florists who failed 
signally with the finer grades of cannas—the 
orchid flowered, though the large-leaved com- 
mon kind gave little, if any, trouble. 

One of the chief causes of trouble with the 
canna is having the roots out of the ground 
too long; this is caused by digging too early— 
often as soon as the frost has cut the tops, 
and starting too late in the spring, as it is in 
the late days of winter that the chief mischief 
to the roots occur. This late starting is often 
unavoidable. Florists who have every facility 
for the work can bring out the roots, divide 
them, and set them to growing in sand over 


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XXII 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


the pipes in the greenhouse before any real 
harm is done; but in the private house—un- 
less there is a conservatory or greenhouse 
attached, there is seldom room for caring for 
any considerable number of bulbs where there 
will be light and the necessary amount of heat, 
so that they must be left until March at the 
earliest. 

They may, however, be left in the ground 
as late as possible—until the last of Novem- 
ber, any way—and, in late falls, it may be 
practicable to leave them well on towards 
Christmas. “The tops should be cut back, as 
soon as frozen, as far as sound tissue; and in 
this connection I would suggest the heavy 
mulching of the beds with dead leaves, lawn 
clippings or other cover, at the approach of a 
killing frost, bringing the litter well up about 
the stems in order that the frost may be kept 
as far as possible from the roots. After cut- 
ting back the frozen tops the bed should be 
piled high with leaves or other mulch and the 
whole protected with canvas or other material 
which will shed rain, as the protective value 
of the leaves rests in their dryness—a wet 
mass about the cannas would add to the dan- 
ger of frost. 

A bright day, free from frost, should be 
selected for the final digging of the roots that 
there may be no danger of their becoming 
chilled in the operation; the roots should be 
lifted with as much of the earth adhering as 
possible and placed in a warm, dry cellar in 
shallow boxes and enough earth thrown over 
them to protect them from the air. Occasion- 
ally during the winter they should be examined 
to see that they are not becoming dust-dry, in 
which case they should be sprinkled lightly 
with water. By February it will be neces- 
sary to examine the condition of the roots as 
to dry-rot or decay, and if any of the roots are 
found diseased they should be at once removed 
that the trouble may not spread throughout the 
entire box of roots. 


CALADIUMS 


except the new flowering caladiums, which 
are a very uncertain proposition, are more 
easily cared for than cannas; that is, they 
winter better, but they require more _ heat. 
‘They may be placed in boxes like the canna, 
but the boxes should be in a warmer place 
and should be elevated on something three 
teet or more from the floor, especially if the 
floor be cold and damp as in ordinary cellars. 
Only a furnace cellar is a safe repository for 
this class of roots, but gladiolas and dahlias 
will winter safely in any cellar that will keep 
potatoes in good condition. ‘The greatest suc- 
cess I have had with caladiums has been to 
lay them on the ground under the hot water- 
pipes where they extend outside of the cellar 
(the cellar not being under the entire house 
and the opening under the foundation of the 
remaining part being large enough to enter), 
and covering them with earth and sprinkling 
two or three times during the winter. In this 
situation they came out in splendid condition 
in spring, showing green leaf-shoots six or 
eight inches long. 


DAHLIAS 
winter easily packed in dry sand, earth, 
or merely thrown in a box in the cellar. They 


should not be dug too early, and if they are 
taken up when the earth about them is moist 
enough to adhere to the roots in considerable 
quantity they will give no trouble about keep- 
ing. When they have been well frosted be- 
fore digging the dead stalks should be cut 
back to live tissue, and in placing them in the 
boxes or baskets they should be set stalks up. 


GLADIOLA 


are as easily care for as 
should be left in the ground 


dahlias. They 
until the foliage 


Grow 

Chestnuts 

Like This 

For Profit Covers'a 50c. piece 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre 
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any 
other crop you could plant. 

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- 
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk; 
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— 

These qualities have been combined and de- 
veloped by science toa degree that closely bor- 
ders perfection, in the new 


SOBER PARAGON 


Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut 


A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
(5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- ~ 
chard was only 7 years old, 

The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
“The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality 
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated 
varieties that I have examined. It is of large 
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” 

The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 
5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The 
nuts average 1 to 2 inches in diameter—and 3 to 
5 nutsina burr. 

We offer 3 to 5-foot zrafted trees for delivery 
Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being 
booked now. an 

Testimony from growers, commission mer- 
chants, Forestry Experts, etc., givenin our free 
booklet, together with prices and particulars. 
We own exclusive con- 
trol of the Sober Para- 
gon. This copyrighted 
metal seal is attached 
to every genuine tree, 
when shipped. 


Write today for the booklet. Address ‘‘Desk D.” 


GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


St EWART 


Iron Fence 


Will beautify your grounds and furnish 
the desired protectionat less expense than 
any improvement that can be made. 


Combines dignity, symmetry, orna- 
mentation and durability. 
Backed by 25-years’ experience, an 


established reputation, facilities of 
production, patents and special features 
that place it far in advance of all others. 

Stewart’s is synonymous with quality 
and is specified by leading architects. 

Original designs in harmony with 
house and grounds is our specialty. 

Catalogue, estimates and suggestions 
cheerfully supplied. 


Agents Wanted 
THE STEWART IRON WorRKS Co. 
1726 Covington St., Cincinnati, O. 
The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Works 


Too Nice to be Without 
| “FURNITURE” 


The only magazine of its kind in the world. Tells how 
to distinguish furzzture of character from the common 

Peon oi and unworthy kind, illustrates the 

4 tht , best modern interpretations of the 
old masters. ‘ FURNITURE” is not 
a technical magazine. It is written 
for the users of good furnishings, pro- 
fusely illustrated with the latest 
designs, contains valuable and inter- 
esting information on a subject each 
lover of the correct and beautiful in 
the home will revel in. 

Published quarterly at $1.00 the 
year Send 35c. for sample copy 
which will be credited on yearly sub- 
scriptions if you wish. 


GRAND RAPIDS FURNITURE RECORD CO. 
Publishers, Dept. D, Grand Rapids, Mich. 


60 pages9in x13in 


is well ripened and then dug with the stalks 
attached and laid in a warm, sunny position 
to dry and ripen, after which the stalks should 
be cut—never torn—off three or four inches 
from the bulb and the bulbs placed in paper 
sacks—flour sacks are best—and hung from 
the rafters of the cellar or other cool place. 
They will require no further care until time 
for starting them in the spring. 


MONTBRETIAS 


when lifted for the winter require the 
same care as the gladiolas—to be taken up, 
dried and hung in paper bags until spring. 
In taking them up the connecting roots be- 
tween the bulbs should not be disturbed, as 
these are the rhizomes on which new bulbs 
appear and their destruction much lessens the 
increase which is usually very great. 


TUBEROUS BEGONIAS 


should be carried through the winter in 
the pots in which they were grown, allow- 
ing them to dry off gradually and placing the 
pots in a warm, dry place over winter, as 
a closet off of a room, where there is fire. 
If they have been grown in the open ground 
or the window-box they should be potted and 
allowed to ripen before putting away. 


FANCY-LEAVED CALADIUMS 


require the same treatment as the begonias 
and are very susceptible to decay, as is also 


the TIGRIDIAS 


which are only wintered successfully in soil 
in which they have grown, or by potting or 
burying in dishes of earth and allowing them 
to become established before setting away for 
the winter. They are much afflicted with a 
blue mold, and it is rare to receive bulbs 
from the seedsman and florist free from this 
trouble. They should not be taken to the cellar, 
but placed on a shelf in a warm closet or in 


a drawer. ISMENES 


may be treated like gladioli and wintered in 
paper bags, but will give rather better result 
if potted and kept slightly moist in a warm 
position. If cold and damp they will invari- 
ably decay at the heart, and, although the bulb 
may have every appearance of soundness, it will 
be found to be rotten at the center, and so, 
of course, worthless. For this reason they 
should be lifted before touched with frost, or 
well protected on frosty nights. I have fre- 
quently seen it stated that the ismenes were 
hardy in the open ground; but this is by no 
means so, few plants being less so, and I do 
not think that any protection would make 
them hardy at the North. 


CRINUMS 


may be wintered in a warm cellar and be 
much benefited by the rest they thus obtain. 
They should not be allowed to go dust-dry, 
but no more water than is really necessary 
should be given, as it will encourage growth 
when the plant should be resting; and it is on 
the completeness of this season of rest that 
the flowering for the next season depends. 
Often the first sign of growth will be the 
appearance of buds; when these appear the 
plants should be brought up and given a 
warm, sunny place and plenty of water. 
Amaryllis require the same treatment, and the 
more completely they may be induced to die 
down and rest the better will it be for the 
plant and its subsequent blossoming. 
Atamascos, spider liles, cooperias, bessera 
elegans, milla bifloras and like bulbs may be 
lifted, dried off and wrapped in waxed paper 
placed in paper bags in a warm, dry closet or 
drawer until wanted the following spring, or 
they may be covered with dry sand or earth 
and wintered on a shelf in a warm cellar. 


October, 1909 


“Seeing is Believing” 


*“Cheap’’ Mission Furniture is an 
abomination, but it is no reflection 
on honest, high-grade furniture that 
it can be bought for less than half 
the retail store price— 
especially when you know 
what you are getting. 
Our plan of selling “Come- 
Packt’ Sectional Furniture 
direct from our factory 
to the user cuts out such 
useless and heavy selling 
expenses that our low prices are logical. What 
is better still, there can be no doubt as to that 
most important considera- ; 
tion—the quality. 

You see just what you 
get—and you get Quarter 
Sawed White Oak—rich in 
beautiful flake and grain. 
Selected stock of this kind 
costs twice as much as the 
plain sawed red or white | 
oak used in most furniture. 
No stain disguises cheaper substitutes in our 
furniture; no defects can be concealed. It comes 


\ 


1 
| 
] 


satisfaction to the most 
critical, and a big saving in 
the cost to you. 

The assembling of the 
finished sections and the 
application of the stain we 
send (you can choose from 
seven kinds) is simple, easy, 

; and a matter of an hour cr 
two at most, depending on the size of the piece. 
All the hard work is 
done at our factory— 
even the holes bored 
for screws—and you 
thus have the joy of 
creation, shorn of all 
the arduous detail and 
all the difficulties. To 
illustrate, the Morris 
Chair at the head of 
this article comes in 
four completed sections. 
The two sides are each entirely assembled, the 
front rail fitted to slip into the mortised joints, 
as is also the back rail with 
hinged back attached. The 
cushions are all made, ready 
to drop into place. The 
Settle is equally simple, and 
even the massive Dining 
Table is one of the simplest 
pieces to put together; there 
are but five sections. 


$17.75, with 3 leaves 


A Tempting 
Assortment 


Over 100 other correctly 
designed and beautifully pro- 
portioned pieces are 
shown in our 48-page 
catalog. It will 
prove fascinating to 
the lover of artistic 
Arts and Crafts 
furniture —it will 
delight the house- 
wife—and it will 
please the man who 
pays the bills. Write 
us to-day and we 
will mail a_ copy 
frec, and tell you of our liberal guarantee that 
enables us to say ‘Your money back if you say 
so.”’? Addresg 


THE 
COME - PACKT 
FURNITURE 
C0. 


Formerly 
International 
Mfg. Co. 


‘“in the white’? —a solid _ 


SUMMER BLOOMING OXALIS 


should be lifted and stored in paper bags after 
drying off. They may be separated and 
graded, if desired, and only the finest and 
largest bulbs saved. “These bulbs increase so 
wonderiully that unless one wishes to engage 
in the sale of them there is little need of sav- 
ing the entire crop. One oxalis bulb planted 
in the spring will produce forty or fifty new 
bulbs by fall; so if one has planted a hundred 
bulbs in the spring the result is apt to be over- 
whelming. 


SOME NEW AMERICAN RUGS 


ERVICEABLE rugs that are made in our 
S own country are each year coming more 

and more into evidence. The growing 
popularity for movable floor-coverings, in place 
of tacked-down carpets, has inspired the regular 
manufacturers to new efforts and has also 
occasioned some interesting experiments with 
looms and colors. ‘These novelties, many of 
them, have become standard furnishings for 
the home. 

The revival of the old-fashioned cotton-rug 
weaving on hand-looms a few years ago was, 
no doubt, the opening wedge for the creation 
of rugs of a heavier material, capable of stand- 
ing greater wear. One of these varieties is 


made of wool, requiring four pounds of ma- 
terial for each square yard. Both sides of the 
rug are alike, and while it can be made as a 
plain covering for the floor, it is capable of 
being woven with borders and lines after the 
fashion of the Navajo Indians. 

The advantages of a rug of a solid color is 
recognized by every home-maker who employs 
a figurer wall-paper in a room. ‘This is the 
most general treatment in wall decoration, and 
to balance effects the plain-color rug is in- 
evitable. 

Another reason for a rug of this type is the 
frequent use of the Mission furniture, requir- 
ing for its proper complement on the floor 
something distinctively appropriate. 

Still another modern need is the increased 
number of summer porches and winter sun- 
parlors that claim a rug suitable for their 
specific conditions. 

The new American wool-rugs are well 
adapted to each of these needs. “Their color- 
range is varied, and the shades of red, blue, 
green and brown most artistic. All of the 
usual stock sizes are found ready-made, and 
a great many others can be made up on order. 


* from Vacuum MOBILOIL—will run your cara 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxii 


— 


q Saves 


The Cost 
of 


Your Car 


Perfect lubrication—the kind you get 


third longer and at a third less expense than if 
you merely trust to ‘“‘lubrication,’’ the comnion. 
careless, chance-taking kind. 


Vacuum 


MOBILOIL 


is made in 6 different grades, one 
of which is made for your par- 
ticularcar. It saves you expense 
andexperiment. It protects your 
car from friction, the hardest, 
costliest kind of motor wear. 
A valuable booklet on motor |ubrica- 
tion will be sent free on application. 
Lists every automobile made, and 
shows grade of MOBILOIL necessary 
for its perfect lubrication. Contains 
track records up to date, and facts 
of vital interest to motorists. 
MOB)LOIL in barrels, and in cans 
with patent pouring spout,is sold by. 
dealers everywhere. Manufactured by 


VACUUM OIL CO., Rocuester, N. Y. 


Experiment No More 


Mixing paints used to be a necessary 
part of learning the painter’s trade. 

Now machines do it so much better. 
The apprentice doesn’t have to spend his 
days experimenting—spoiling whole batches 
of good paint—or worse still, putting it on 
improperly prepared. 

He insures satisfactory results with 


and saves his time and your money, for 
“High Standard” Paint is mixed and ground 
—ready for the brush—by the finest paint- 
grinding machinery in America. 

Chemical and scientific tests—the only 
real tests for materials and methods—based 
upon years of practical experience, take 
the place of the hit or miss methods of the 
painter’s hand-made process, leaving to 
him time and opportunity to develop skill 
in painting. 

During 35 years the ‘‘Little Blue Flag”’ 
has come to have a definite value on a 
paint can. It means Assured Quality and 
is your protection. 

There is a ‘‘High Standard”’ paint for 
every purpose and a line of ‘Little Blue 
Flag’’ Varnishes just as complete—just as 
sure to satisfy. 

Write for booklet ‘‘The Owner's Re- 
sponsibility.”’ 


The Lowe Brothers Company 


450-456 E. Third St., Dayton, Ohio 
Boston New York Chicago Kansas City 


XxiVv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


October, 1909 


FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 


GUARANTEE LABELS 


Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously 
translated in practice. 

Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit 
behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, 
unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is 
responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the 


leadership of Wolff design. 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Established 1855—§ ————_— 
MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The only complete line made by any one firm 


GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE STREET 
| | SHOWROOMS: 91 DEARBORN STREET | CHICAGO 
ea TRENTON 

BRANCH OFFICES 


Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange 

Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building 

San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Buffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue 
Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street 


SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 
Traps — Venting 
Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 
House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 
Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 
Rain Leaders 
Sub-soil Drainage 
Floor Connections 
Roof Connections 
Local Venting 
Bath Room Connections [ete. 
Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 
Use of Flushing Valves 
Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 
Durham System 
Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 
Automatic Sewage Lift Sump Tank 
Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
High Buildings 
Country Plumbing 
Cesspools 
The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 
Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 
Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 
Examples of Poor Practice 
Roughing — Testing 
Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Circuit and Loop Venting 
Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 
Cellar Work 
House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
Plumbing for Cottage House 
Plumbing for Residence 
Plumbing for Two-Flat House 
Plumbing for Apartment Houses 
Plumbing for Office Buildin 
Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms 
Plumbing for Bath Establishment 
Plumbing for Engine Houses 
Plumbing for Stables 
Plumbing for Factories 
Plumbing for School Houses, etc. [by Electricity 
Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 


Modern Plumbing 
Illustrated 


By R. M. STARBUCK 
400 (1014x734) Paces 


55 FuLL PaGEs OF 
ENGRAVINGS 


PRICE, $4.00 


q A comprehensive and 
up-to-date work illus- 
trating and describing 
the Drainage and Ven- 
tilation of Dwellings, 
Apartments and Public 
Buildings, etc. The 
very latest and most ap- 
proved methods in all 
branches of Sanitary In- 
stallation are given. 


@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 
trated follow in the next column. 


MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 


Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York 


When a perfectly plain floor-covering is re- 
quired, no border is woven across the short 
ends, but a seamless rug in one tone is made 
up to a 12 x 12 foot size. (This large rug in 
any of the deeper tones gives a particularly 
handsome appearance in a commodious-sized 
room. ) 

If such a coloring is too plain, a border of 
contrasting colors is woven near the ends in 


“wide and narrow stripes. 


When a set of small rugs is required to fit 
unequal spaces, a group of these rugs woven 
alike gives unusual charm to a room, whether 
it be in a country-home that is used all the 
year round, or a simple bungalow that is occu- 
pied only for vacation days and week-ends. 

Besides the attractive colorings that form a 
large measure of the merit of these American 
rugs, there is a special kind made of camel’s- 
hair in the natural color that is designed for 
outdoor wear in the country. Such a rug as 
this made a comfortable foothold in a garden- 
house where it was exposed to the weather, 
without showing the dust and dirt that was 
naturally brought into such a place. 

This latest type of American rug has, in 
fact, so many advantages for real use and at- 
tractive quality that one needs not now de- 


‘pend on our foreign importations. 


NEW BOOKS 


Witp FLowers Every CHILD SHOULD 
Know. By Frederic William Stack. 
New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 
Pp. 15+411. Price, $1.20. 


A thoroughly useful book. The author 
rightly states that it dose not require a pre- 
paratory course nor any special instruction to 
become acquainted with the more common 
wild flowers and their individual traits, and 
then proceeds to show how this knowledge 
may be acquired in a very direct and simple 
manner. ‘The book is not a “child’s book” 
in the common acceptation of the word, but is 
an elementary treatise on plants, very care- 
fully prepared, admirably condensed and emi- 
nently useful in its plan and arrangement. 
‘The key to the subject, as Mr. Stack presents 
it, is the color of the flower, all the plants 
described being grouped under their own col- 
ors. Identification is thus reduced to the 
simplest method, and the whole kingdom of 
wild flowers is easily opened to the beginner. 
It is a book some older folk will like, too, and 
find exceedingly useful. 


‘THe StTupio YEAR-BOOK OF DECORATIVE 
Art, 1909. New York: John Lane 
Company. Pp. 163 . Price, $3.00; post- 
age, 35 cents. 

A new system of presentation has been 
chosen in the preparation of this annual vol- 
ume. Descriptions of the objects illustrated 
are omitted, and instead there are given brief 
biographical notices of the various artists 
whose craft work has been chosen for publi- 
cation. It is interesting to know who these 
people are, where they live and what have 
been their most notable achievements; yet, in 
a work of this sort there is ample room for 
descriptive notes, information as to color and 
material and the like that is missing from the 
present volume. 

But the creative value of this annual review 
is still at the high-water mark set by earlier 
issues. “The illustrations are most abundant, 
and cover many forms of decorative art. It 
is, in short, a most impressive survey of the 
progress of modern art, and designers and art 
lovers may well regard it as indispensable. 
The volume is beautifully printed, and the 
illustrations include many exquisite plates in 
color. It is a book that cannot well be too 
highly commended. 


Colonial 


Designs 
[: the selection 


of hardware 

trimmings for 

a Colonial 

| house, harmony 

should prevail be- 

tween hardware 

design and archi- 

teciural style. The 

new- old-fashioned 

knocker and door-latch here 

illustrated are splendid examples of the 
appropriateness and unusual excellence of 


Sargent’s 


ARTISTIC 


Hardware 


for homes of the Colonial type. 
The latch and cylinder lock 
also show how modem secur- 
ity and convenience can be 
combined with old-fashioned 
appearance. 

Besides nearly a score of 
Colonial patterns, Sargent’s 
Hardware is made in designs 
to harmonize with all periods 
and schools of architecture— 
for interior and exterior. 


If you are building, get 


eros GRRL aU SEN DUE NT AALS UAC a ay 


Sargent’s Book of Designs 
Sent FREE 


Illustrates and describes nearly 
eighty varieties of hardware. 


The Colonial Book 

—also free—shows Cut Glass Knobs, 
Door Handles, Door Knockers and other 
fittings adapted for a Colonial house. 
Write for the books to-day, addressing 
SARGENT & COMPANY, 156Leonard St., N. Y 


= SPA ENTS 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - -New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


Fireproofing Departments: 
ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK 
WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 
CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg 
BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc SEATTLE: L A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 
CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company 


JUST PUBLISHED 


New Building Estimator 


BY WILLIAM ARTHUR 
AG PRACTICAL guide to estimating the 


cost of labor and material in building 

construction from excavation to finish, with 

various practical examples of work pre- 

sented in detail, and with labor figured 

chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for 
architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- 
neers, superintendents and draftsmen. Size, 434x634 
inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid 


AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS 


A circular describing this book will be mailed on application 


MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


SAIS I Wh Id Wh DF Wd Wl Wd Wd Wd Wd Hd a hd 


“a 


Koll’s Patent 
Lock-Joint Columns 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or 
Interior Use are made 
exclusively by 


Hartmann - Sanders 
Company 


Elston and Webster Avenues 
CHICAGO, ILL. 


Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway 
NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or 
A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See 


also " Sweet's Index.") 


AS FUNIPUR FUR FUR FUR FUR PUN FL FUN FU FUL PLA PUN FUN FUN FUN FUEL FU FL 
PYTNTLTLTLTLTL ELT L TL TUTE TL TLE LT LT LT LTT LTT 


es 


_. The Aristo 


wi 


x 


CARES 


The Electric 
That Meets Every Need of the 


Society Woman 


OU can learn to run The Baker in twenty minutes. It far exceeds all other 
electrics in simplicity, safety, as well as mileage and speed. It is noiseless and 
clean—having a battery capacity of 70 to 100 miles. It is unequaled for city and 


suburban use. 


WRITE FOR OUR HANDSOME BOOKLET 


It clearly explains the many advantages of Baker Electrics, and gives full information 
regarding the elegant 1910 Model Coupes, Broughams, Victorias, Landaulets, Runabouts, 


Roadsters, etc. 


THE BAKER MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY, 55 WEST 80TH STREET, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 


Salesrooms in the Principal Cities 


Vol. VI NOVEMBER, 1909 No. 11 


AMERICAN 
HOMES*°GARDENS 


= 


emma innanareannvarcenaants 


oes = eee TMM TCO. ING "Publishers PRICE. 25 CENTS 


Our line comprises the 
finest and most complete 
designs of high-class clocks 
on the market. Our move- 
ments are superior in 
nearly every detail and 
the purchaser is assured 
that he can buy the best 
by ordering a “Waltham.” 


We will soon have 
ready for delivery, our new 
Chiming Movement which 
chimes either Westmin- 
ster, Whittington or St. 
Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
Clock is a model of perfec- 
tion and appeals to those 
who desire a first-class 
article in every respect. 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for illustrated catalogue. 


Waltham Clock Company 


Waltham, Mass. 


wae << 4 ) 


Beauty of one’s daily surroundings. 


throughout our ten spacious floors. Nowhere else can there 


host of useful articles. ' 


obtainable elsewhere is specially invited. 


extended at all times. 


insures absolute safety to your purchase. 


USE UL SEOMUDA Y ‘GlRirs 


Those who put thought into their Holiday shopping appreciate that gifts of 
real and lasting value are those which contribute to the Comfort as well as the 


Such are the Useful Holiday Gifts now displayed in almost endless variety 
be found such a 
collection of Gift Articles, combining Artistic Distinction with Practical Utility. 


IMPORTED NOVELTIES in exclusive designs: Electroliers, Clocks, Bronzes, 
Objects of Art, Smoking Sets, Cigarette Boxes, Sewing Tables, Book Blocks and a 


Every piece is marked in plain figures and comparison with best values 


The freedom of inspection without obligation to purchase is cordially 


Selections will be held for specified delivery dates and our system of packing 


Geo. C. Funt Co. 


43-47 WEST 23“0T. 24-28 West 24" ST. 


Erected for Howard Gould, at Castlegould, L. I. 


Youre Fond of Flowers? 


Then why not have them 
all Winter > 


A greenhouse will be one of the greatest pleasures you 
ever put your money in—and a lasting pleasure at that. 


Flowers whenever you want them, either potted or 
cut—and fresh, crisp vegetables. A place to delightfully 
work off a little surplus energy and time. It doesn’t neces- 
sarily have to be a large house—just large enough to look 
after yourself, if you want to. 


May we send you some interesting information on the 
subject > 


Hitchings & Company 


Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. 


Two layers of glass ~F 
instead of one Li ( \ 


Try the Sunlight Sash 


for Tomatoes 


R. Effinger, Jeffersontown, Ky. writes: ‘‘I bought 
20 Sunlight Sash and have given them a thorough 
trial. I never lost a plant from frost or freezing, 
although I never used any covering even during 
zero weather.”’ 

The man who grows to sell has tested the Sun- 
light Double Glass sash and found that it pays for 
itself in a single season. 

You will get such remarkable results that you 
will double your beds. 

The Sunlight Sash makes your plants as safe in 
zero weather as in the open air in May. The 
air between the two layers of glass is better protection 
than mats or boards. Never needs covering. 

You can handle your beds in half the time. 

Write for catalog and freight prepaid proposition. 
Fast freight, safe delivery guaranteed. Order now. 

Agents Wanted—T he wonderful success of Sunlight 
Sash makesit a good paying proposition to agents. 75 
of our trial orders last year re-ordered this year in lots 
ranging from5tol100sash. Write for your territory today. 

SUNLIGHT DousLeE GLAss SasH Co., 
9+3 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 


November, 1909 MVE RLeCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


ante 


STE aa oat 
(eu wae “zi 
haaa 


One of The New Reproductions 
For Lovers of ““ODD-BIT FURNISHING” 


THE “SHAWMUT PEDESTAL”—Price $20. 


SOA4{HE NEW FASHION OF FURNISHING the Living Room or Drawing 

Re Room with individual: Chairs, Tables, Pedestals and things—like the 
iN yy parlour of Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and Ursa Minimum, in the story “Little 
Goldenlocks and the Three Bears” —is becoming so vastly popular that the many 
votaries of this delightfully human sort of Odd-Bit Furnishing will appreciate the 
opportunity to secure this charming Pedestal for 
Bric-a-Brac or Statuary, at such a very little price, 
for a piece of Furniture subject to these specifica- 
tions, which we quote from our catalogue-folio 


“FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE ” :— 


“American-Empire Colonial. To most people there is some- 
thing very agreeable about an octagon shape. This perhaps 
accounts for the popularity of this typically Colonial piece. It 
looks staunch enough to support the heaviest statue or vase, 
which is another attraction to the eye. It is staunch and 
steady enough to bear a very. heavy weight, and this, com- 
bined with its rich mahogany, in medium dark color and egg- 
shell finish, added to its exceptionally low price, makes it 
attractive to the pocket-book. Width at bottom 14% inches; 

Height, 37 inches; Dimensions at top 13 x 13 inches.” 


The folio “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” will be sent 
to responsible adults as well as 


These Additional Catalogs 
of HOME-FURNISHINGS 
Without Charge — Carriage Paid 


““c 


The catalogue-folios “Palatial Furniture,” “Handcraft Furni- 
ture,’ “Modern Furniture,” “Metal Beds,” “Hygienic Bed- 
ding,” “Pianos,” “China and Glass’ and “Housekeeping 
Linens.” 


Our Decorative Advisory Bureau will also, on receipt of blue- 
print, and without charge, submit by mail, suggestions, sam- 
ples, color-schemes, and estimates, for full furnishing of 
rooms. 


If you have not yet received the little travelogue of the 

Wanamaker Stores, entitled the “GUIDE BOOK,” it would 
» be well to write for it now, before the edition is exhausted. 
gFREE on request. Section B. 


JOHN WANAMAKER 


The “Shawmut” Bric-a-Brac Pedestal N Y k 
No. D342—Price $20.00. ew or 


Sample and A House Lined with 


Circular 


“ Mineral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. 

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 


MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and ‘ 


keeps out dampness. 


ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt tt ttttttt+ 


CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY 


MONG the distinctive 
features of interior 
decorations found in many 
old mansions are the deli- 
cately wrought lighting 
fixtures in perfect harmony 


with their surroundings. 


THE ENOS GOMPANY 


Makers of Lighting Fixtures 


OFFICE AND FACTORY: SALESROOMS : 
Seventh Ave. & 16th St. 36 West 37th St. 
NEW YORK 

BOSTON SAN FRANCISCO 
H. F. Esterbrook, Inc.,9 Park St. 1748 California Street 
BALTIMORE TOROHTO 
519 N. Charles Street 94 King Street, West 
PITTSBURG SPOKANE 
G. P. Norton, Century Building Cutter & Plummer, Inc. 
ST. LOUIS . SEATTLE 
N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. Cox & Gleason, 1914 Second Av-. 
PORTLAND, ORE. 2, 
J. C. English Co., 128 Park St. ald fos 
CHICAGO 
WK. Cowan & Co., 203 Mich- 
igan Boulevard mae 


DAMP PETRIFAX RESISTING 


Interior and Exterior Coating for Brick, 
Concrete or Cement. 


“If the Coat Fits, Put It On’’ 
DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, 
Tile Reds, and Beautiful Silver Grays. V/7z¢e 
for Catalogue and Samples, 


DEXTER BROTHERS CO. 


105 Broad Street, BOSTON 
Branch Office, 542 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blyd., Chi- 
cago; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. 
McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe 
& Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; 
M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. 


Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 
request. List your wants 
of antiques with me. 


( i Antiques 


RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


Wilks Hot Water Heaters 


i Insure Even Temperature 


at any desired degree the year around in green 

houses, poultry “houses, barns, garages, cot- 
tages, etc. Wilks’ improved coal magazine, 
is the only one that regulates itself and keeps 
the fire 10 hours—saving need of night firing, 
Most economical in use of fuel, and as easily 
cared for as a kitchen range. 

We guarantee satisfactory results from 
every heater recommended by us and in- 
stalled according to our directions. 

° giving sizes, price 
Write for Book list, description, 
étc.,and tell us what you want a heater 
for. We will advise you what to get 
and furnish specifications forsetting up 


S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 
3574Shields Avenue, Chicago. 


il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR FERREE 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,”? Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 
in America. The illustrations are in 
nearly all cases made from original 
photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed 
on double coated paper. Attractively 
bound. The book will prove one of 
the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 
desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


sHlunn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’” 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 
taken place in American agricultural methods which are 
transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 
independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 
to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 
in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 

ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


By 
T. BYARD COLLINS 


8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 
100 Illustrations 
Price, £2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V. Teils of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII Veals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X. Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., INC., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES 


AND GARDENS 


lil 


INFORMATION 


FOR OWNERS 


WNERS today are informing themselves on 
the subject of bathroom fixtures. They find 
it helps them to intelligently plan with 

their architect and plumber. The result is a more 
complete and appropriate equipment, bought on 
the basis of permanent VALUE—not merely 


on initial cost. 


°‘*Modern Our booklet ‘‘ Modern Plumbing”’ is a condensed and 
Pl bi 99 practical handbook on the subject. It shows 24 interior 

UMDING Views of model bathrooms ranging in cost from $85 to 
$3,000. It suggests where to use Imperial Solid Porcelain, Vitreous Ware or 
Enameled Iron to the best advantage and gives illustrations with cost of in- 
dividual fixtures in each material. There are also helpful hints on decoration 
and tiling. 


THIS BOOKLET will give you a new idea of the possibilities of 


bathroom equipment. 


THEJ. L. MOTT IRON WORKS 


Sent on request, with 4c. to cover postage. 


BRANCHES 
Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, 


1828 OVER EIGHTY YEARS OF SUPREMACY 1909 Detroit,Minneapolis, Washington, St.Louis, 


FIFTH AVENUE AND 
ING SES TNA. oo (ORE 


SEVENTEENTH 


New Orleans, San Francisco, San Antonio, 
Atlanta, Seattle, and Indianapolis. 
CANADA: 83 Bleury St., Montreal 


STREET 
Corl lee OY 


If you wish the ideal covering for WALLS, CEILINGS, 
WAINSCOTS, in the Bathroom, Hall and Vestibule, investigate 


S Z/ 


Enametile is flexible metal, enameled and embossed, to repro- 
duce perfectly the finest encaustic and ceramic tiling at only 
one-sixth to one-half the cost. 

Enametile is easily and guichk/y applied, and is conveniently kept clean 
with sponge or damp cloth. Enametile is water-proof, dust-proof, 
vermin-proof. Enametile neither cracks, breaks nor loosens. 
Enametile is x20 only as beautiful in design and coloring as the most 
expensive tiles, but its highly enameled surface being embossed, 
throws its rich, mellow tints into high relief, and produces an effect 
which cannot be achieved with any other form of tiling or any other 
wall-covering. Emametile combines this highly artistic effect with 
great durability. * 

If you investigate Enametile because of its economy and dura- 


bility you will buy it because of its beauty. 

Send for Handsome Art Portfolio showing many designs of Ename- 
tile in original colors, Plans, estimates sent you direct, your 
contractor or your architect. 


NEW YORK METAL CEILING CO. 
544 W. 24th Street, New York City 


Manufacturers of Metal Ceilings for Residences, Business and Public 
Buildings. Full information and catalogue to those interested. 


“DEFIANCE” 


Wood-Working Machinery 


For Pattern Shops and 
General Wood Work 


Invented @ Built by 


THE DEFIANCE MACHINE WORKS 
DEFIANCE, OHIO 


Brom Our No. 3 Book 


GOING TO BUILD? 


GET OUR BOOKS OF 
RESIDENCE DESIGNS 


No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000 $ .50 
No. 2. 25 Residences, cost $5,000 to $20,000 1.00 
No. 3. 25 Concrete Residences ... 1.00 

HIGH-CLASS PLANS AT MONEY-SAVING PRICES 
Remember—No extras are added to our first price! 

Photographic cuts of 2-Flats, Schools, Churches, 
etc., 10 cents each. Be 

We enter large competitions submitting perspec- 
tives in Monochrome, Pen-and-Ink and Water 
Colors. Write us now. 


Arthur G. Lindley Co., Architects 
SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 


"THE most modern, and best illuminating and 
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 


is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE. 


Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee 
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods. 


Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes, 
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
manner — also makes brilliant illumination. — IF 


MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK. 


Send for Catalogue and Proposition. 


Low Price 
Liberal Terms 


Better than City Gas or Eleo- 
tricity and at Less Cost. 


C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. 
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. 


iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


LANE'S 


BALL-BEARING 


ISS VEE 


BEST HOUSE-DOOR 
HANGER MADE 


Other Styles for Less Money Send for Catalog 
Sold by Hardware Trade 


OUR NATIVE PERSIMMONS 
By E. P. Powell 


ful Otc a 


lected fruit, notwithstanding the fact 
| that the Japanese persimmon has _be- 
; | come very popular. In my judgment a thor- 
| cughly good native is more eatable than the 
foreign. “There are some varieties already se- 
lected and grown by our best horticulturists, 
and yet very little has been done in the way 
of cross-breeding and improving the fruit. 
Mr. Miller, secretary of the Missouri Horti- 
cultural Society, some years ago sent me scions 
of a few sorts that he had collected and named. 
One of these was almost seedless, but it has 
not proved as ready to take care of itself in 
this climate. “The variety which has proved 
of most value to me is the same as that which 
is now propagated by Mr. Munson, at Deni- 
son, Texas, and named by him the Honey 
persimmon. Mr. Miller sent it to me under 
another name. It is a most delicious fruit, 
about one and three-quarters inches in diame- 
ter, and slightly flattened in shape. It ripens 
about the last week of October in this climate, 
and in 1908 it surpassed all the persimmons 
that I ever tasted. 


The best way for growing this fruit is to 
plant seeds of any stock you may have at hand. 
‘The seedlings will most of them be fruitless, 
although they will blossom, but they will make . 
admirable stock in which to insert chosen 
scions. “They are equally good for Japanese 
and native scions. If your home is below the 
Ohio, try the Japanese; but in New York 
State, which is my summer home, the Japanese 
sorts are all too tender. You must bear in 
mind that the persimmon starts its growth 
quite late in the season, and your grafting 
must be done relatively later than apples, as 
apples must be grafted later than plums. The 
tree without fruit is a beauty, and about the 
right size for a common lawn. ‘The barren 
sorts will be admirable for our streets, and 
if planted in large numbers they might be 
grafted; that is, we must have enough of 
them to satisfy the boys. “The limbs are brit- 
tle and will not stand much climbing or 
pounding. 

In 1907, and in that year only, the persim- 
mon failed to ripen into sweetness. As a rule, 
the tree will be loaded with its golden balls. 
The fruit does not need the help of frost, as 
people frequently say. In fact, a severe freez- 
ing very much injures the quality of the per- 
simmon. ‘The early sorts become very sweet 
and soft before any frost whatever, and then 
fall from the tree if not picked. ‘The later 
sorts hang on into the winter, and may be 
picked as late as January or February in a 
frozen state. Thaw them out slowly and they 
an mee §. make very good eating. ‘The squirrels are 
very fond of the fruit that remains till they 
come out in the spring. 


LANE BROTHERS COMPANY 


434-466 Prospect Street POUGHKEEPSIE, .N. Y. 


Refinish a Piece of 
Your Furniture at Our 
Expense 

Let Us Send the Materials FREE 


Let us show you how to make old furniture look like 
new, how to rejuvenate shabby floors, how to refinish the 
woodwork in any shade to suit your individual taste. You can 
do it so easily that we want you to make the test at our expense 
to prove it. 


These Materials Are YOurs— 
FREE—for the Asking 


May we mail a package to you? 

No doubt you have some piece of furniture that you prize highly, yet you 
do not use on account of its worn condition, or because it does not harmonize 
with other furniture or decorations. 

—Use Johnson’s Electric Solvo to quickly remove the old finish. 

—Use Johnson’s Wood Dye to color the wood any one of 14 shades— 
choose from list below. 

—Use Johnson’s Prepared Wax to impart that beautiful “hand-rubbed” effect. 

The book will tell you how in every case, and will show you how to carry 
out other decorating ideas you may have in mind. 

From this test and this book, you will learn how many opportunities you 
have of beautifying the home by using— 


Johnson’s Wood Dye 


Made in 14 Standard Shades: 


No. 126 Light Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak a 1 1 
No. 123 Bark Oak No. ey Brown Weathered Oa The pawpaw of our river bottoms in Ohio 
0. 125 Mission Oak 0. 132 Green Weathere ak i i 
N No. 140 Manilla Oak No. 121 Moss Green and Indiana (and I have found them also as 
%\ No. 110 Bog Oak No. 122 Forest Green Southern Michigan) should be propagated 
%, No, 128 Light Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak : sr 
S 7 l h th The tree never 
hy, No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak along with the persimmon. ce 
% : 
wy : q grows more than about fifteen feet high and 
a ~~ Johnson’s Wood Dye is not a mere stain—not simply a surface inclines to a weeping form when fully grown. 
5 0, & aac : : nae : BO ¢ | 
oe ereeceen : keh espa dye, sinking deep in the wou The fruit is the size of a very small banana. 
. 6 On Sy A : ; : BG 
“4, G@  Johnson’s Prepared Wax adds a top dressing of subducd Like the persimmon, it is pretty full of seeds 


only the fruit is so delicious that we can tol- 
erate the presence of a half dozen lima beans. 
What 1 write these notes for is to suggest a | 
general effort to improve these two fruits | 
and get rid of a large part of the seeds. This 


ee, ©, luster. It does not catch or hold dust. It does not show 
p %, scratches or heel marks. 
@ «, The trial packages will demonstrate these facts 
TAO. Ro to you. 
2) vig Use the coupon. Cut it out now, while 
“9% & you think of tt, and mail at once. —J 


<o ps Grn! celge distribute these Johnson can be done by selecting the best stock, sowing 
ne a pees eae eee cise the seed, and then rejecting the poorest re- 

oh “a ; sults. In the course of half a dozen genera- 
oe wN S. C. Johnson @ Son tions of plants we shall reach something of 
a i oN Racine, Wisconsin importance. Of course, this will need a good 


° N “Wood Finishing Authorities” deal of time and patience, and we must teach 


our children to carry on the experiment. 


November, 1909 


THE ALTERATION OF THE COLORS 
OF FLOWERS BY CULTIVATION 


By Prof. F. Hilderbrand 
le GENERAL, all the flowers of the same 


species, in the wild state, have the same 

color. For example, all plants of crow- 
foot or buttercup and dandelion have yellow 
flowers. In a few species, different colors are 
found. For example, the flowers of the milk- 
wort (Polygala vulgaris) may be blue, violet, 
red, or white. Much greater variation is shown 
by cultivated plants. In these the variation of 
color of the flowers appeared long ago, but in 
recent years many new colors have been pro- 
duced which had either not hitherto been ob- 
served, or which, if they did appear occasion- 
ally, were not selected for preservation and de- 
velopment. The floriculturists of the present 
day carefully observe and endeavor to fix 
every new shade, even, if it is not particularly 
beautiful, for the desideratum is novelty, and 
there is no telling what will please the popular 
taste. But in these attempts to obtain new 
colors in flowers, the propagator is entirely de- 
pendent upon the innate predisposition of the 
particular species with which he is working. 
He can by no means obtain every desired color. 
In the following sketch will be mentioned, 
first, a few cases of species in which a color 


Save Your Trees— 


These Davey Books 
Will Tell You How! 


“OUR WOUNDED FRIENDS, THE TREES ” 


Graphically describes tree facts, many of them heretofore 
untold, and gives in detail the Davey methods of tree pres- 
ervation, This book is unique, just as the Davey system 
is essentially original. It explains the superior efficiency 
of Davey methods and tells why only experts should be 
employed for tree surgery. The book has cost too much to 
permit promiscuous distribution; but we shall be glad to 
forward a copy, on request, to any person who has fine 
trees that are decaying and who is interested in saving 
them. Ask for Book O. 


“‘THE SALVATION OF OUR TREES” 


A little booklet which gives facts about lecture of the same 
title delivered by John Davey, The Father of Tree Surgery. 
This lecture is an exposition of the unique science of tree 
preservation and is attention-compelling to the utmost 
degree. Fall and winter engagement for Mr. Davey will 
be made at special rates to Park Commissions. Civic Im- 
provement Societies, Boards of Trade, Schools and Col- 
leges, Women’s Clubs and Chautauquas. -If interested 
write today for open dates, and free copy of Booklet OO: 


“THE TREE DOCTOR” 


John Davey’s latest and most comprehen- 
sive work on the care of trees. From the 
layman’s standpoint, it issimple yet effec- 
tive. An invaluable handbook for every 
owner really interested in the preservation 
and care of his trees. Price $2, postpaid. . 


The Davey Tree Expert Co. 


(Operating Davey’s School of 
Practical Forestry) 


KENT, OHIO 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A PRIVATE 


WATER WORKS 
43 FOR YOUR HOME 
; No matter where you live, or how. 
Situated, youmay have every convenience 


_ of a city water supply, by the use of a 


Pneumatic Water Supply 


System 
@ Water under pressure tor kitchen, laundry, 
bathroom, sprinkling lawn and garden, water- 
ing stock and for fire protection. 


'@An air tight steel tank in the basement stores 
_ the water as it is pumped by hand or power and 


forces it through the pipes and faucets by air 
compressed in the upper portion of the tank. 

@No elevated or attic tanks to freeze and 
become stagnant. Water kept clean and pure. 
@ Send 2 cent stamp for booklet, “How I Solved 
the. Water Supply Problem,” which tells 


_ “WHY,” or 6 cents for “Handbook of Hydro- 


Pneumatics,” which tells “HOW.” Catalog 
<on request. Sold by dealers everywhere. 


Leader Iron Works, 
Reem 31813 Willen se, 7 
SOA SEE Se 


Don’t Be Knocked Over 


: é REFUSE 
has been obtained, which was formerly con- RECEIVERS ees 
sidered impossible. Some other examples will and By Stenches from Backyard Debris 
be adduced to show that in certain species a aco ane Why not look up the Stephenson Method? Seven years on 


the market, and if satisfied protect the health of your family by 


insall"’ THE STEPHENSON 
Underground Garbage Receiver 


prevents the swill from freezing 


Underfloor Refuse Receiver for ashes 
Underground Earth Closets for Camps 
[Somat Metal Houses for Above 


great many new colors and shades, but not all 
colors, have been obtained. Finally, a few 
other cases will be quoted in which the flowers 
of a species have shown little or no variation 
in color during many years of cultivation. 

A species of primrose (Primula acaulis) in 
the wld sitate always has lemon yellow flow- 
ers which vary only slightly in tint. Cultiva- 
tion has produced both lighter and darker 
shades, but, until recently, no color but yellow. 
Hence, it was the more surprising when, a few 
years ago, a pure blue variety was produced, 
which has since retained its general color, but 
has developed all shades, from the palest sky- 
blue to the deep blue of the corn-flower. The 
Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis), when 
cultivated in the garden, bore until recently 
only red and white flowers. In this species, 
also, other colors have lately been produced, 
not only violet but also blue, though not so 
pure a blue as that of the species first men- 
tioned. Another example is offered by the 
gladiolus, which formerly bore only white and 
red flowers but has recently developed a blue- 
flowering variety. A case of a somewhat dif- 
ferent character is presented by the asters, 
which have long shown a great variety of 
colors, but in which recently a great many 
new shades have been produced, including 
some which would not at one time have been 
considered beautiful, for example, copper- 
color. 

Very numerous, on the other hand, are the 
species which have long shown great variation 
in color and have recently developed many 
new shades, with the exception of blue. Espe- 
cially conspicuous in this connection is the 
dahlia, which is now found in every color ex- 
cept blue, although many propagators are mak- 
ing earnest efforts to produce a blue dahlia, 
which would bring great profit to its origina- 
tor. A blue carnation would be equally valu- 
able, but it has not yet been produced, al- 
though the colors of carnations have lately 
been enriched by many new shades. The new 
varieties of canna also show great diversity of 
color, including almost pure white and a beau- 
tiful light pink, but a blue canna has not yet 
appeared. In the begonia not only blue is 
lacking but also all shades from red to violet. 
Finally, we may mention the variety of poppy 
called the Shirley, which is greatly admired 
for its play of color. Here, however, the col- 


LTTSN 


Yadde Lsan 


Spiral Ribbed Ash Barrel, outwears two 
High-class Bathroom Accessories 


SOLD DIRECT. Send for Circular on each 


C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg., 21 Farrar Street 
Lynn, Massachusetts 


WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF 


RUSTIC WORK 


that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic 
finish to the country place. 
Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for 


Tennis Courts; Rustic Bridges for Ravines, Entrance Gates, Chairs, Tables, 
Flower Stands, etc., in fact, Rustic Work of every description. 


Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City 


This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 


LOW-COST SUBURBAN HOMES 


A Practical Guide for Prospective Home-Builders 


This book contains 90 illustrations of plans and photographs of houses which 
have been successfully built at a cost ranging from $1,000 to $10,000, with de- 
scriptive articles and an estimate of the cost of most houses described. Only 
the newest and best have been selected. General views of exteriors, diagrams 
ofinteriors, interior decorations and furnishings, and full construction plans 
make up the illustrations. 


Only Most Eminent Architects Are Contributors 


If You’re Planning to Build—If You Need Ideas on How to Improve Your Home 
SEND FOR THIS BOOK. The Cost Is Nominal. 


McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., Dep't L, 6 WEST 29TH ST., NEW YORK 


Cottage Designs 


By far the most complete collection of plans 
ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page 
plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. 


MUNN & CO., INC.,, 


Art Paper Cover, 
Price, 25 cents postpaid 


Art Vellum Cloth Cover, 
Price, 50 cents postpaid 


No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS 


Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost 


from $600 to $1,500. 
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES 


Upward of twenty-five designs, costing 


from $1,000 to $3,000. 
No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS 


Twenty designs, at costs ranging from 


$2,800 to $7,000. 
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES 


Twenty selected designs, costing from 


about $3,000 upward. 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Beauty y of Quarter-sawed C Oak 


1° inch door. 


is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and 
by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. 


on each door. 


November, 1909 


Country Homes 


may enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


rm 
a e Economy Gas Machine 


Produces light, kitchen and 
Lighted the same as electric, but 


laundry fuel. 
Write for booklet, ‘‘ The 


without batteries. 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 


Most economical, healthful and sat- 
isfactory—for old or new houses, 
different patterns to match furnish- 
ings. Curent carpets. Stocks car- 


in the leading cities. 
HARDWOOD =: PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL, 
R THIN. 


“Waite for 
LOORS 3233 
chtA LOGUE 


THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD COSESINDIANAPOLIS 


Shetland Ponies 


An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to 
children. Makes ideal Christmas gift. Safe. 
Inexpensive to keep, Highest type. Many 
champions. Stallions and mares for 
breeding. Complete outfits. Our 
. beautifully illustrated free catalogue 
tells all about them. 
BELLE MEADE FARM 

Dept. W. Bedford, Mass. 


(CLINCH right through the 

standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


4 

ii Cross section y Q 
i shotine Gow: ee, | Send for Circular 
HY struction of is branded | 


Berger Bros. Co. 


PATENTED PHILADELPHIA 


i) are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- 
proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— 
I pe ean or susie sawed ted or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. BRISTO L’ Ss 
organ Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 

Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan”’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction. ! RECORDING 
| In ournew book, “The Door Beautiful,’ Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in T Hi E R M OM ET E R Ss 
| all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best I make continuous records of atmos- 


and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. 


Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. tures. Send for new catalogues. 

Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. THE BRISTOL COMPARY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
NEw YORK ranches CHICAG 

Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. 

Morgan Company, ebkosh: Wisconsin. 


A copy will be sent on request. 


Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland. 


CEMENT 


Its Chemistry, Manufacture C@ Use 


Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an 
article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution 
of Portland cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses 
the testing of cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an 
article by Prof. William kK. Hatt giving an his- 
torical sketch of slag cement. 


Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 
give good accounts of cement testing and com- 
position, by the well-known authority, Spencer 
B. Newberry. 

Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 
present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on 
the constitution of Portland cement from a 
physico-chemical standpoint. 


Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some 
fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland 
cement. 


Any yne of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. 


constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. 


MUNN & COMPANY, 


Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 
publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the 
Edison Portland cement works, describing the 
machinery used, 

Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an 
essay by R.C. Carpenter on experiments with 
materials which retard the activity of Portland 
cement, 

Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an 
excellent review by. Brysson Cunningham of 
mortars and cements. 

Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a 
resumé of the cement industry and gives some 
valuable formulae. 

Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. 
Stone is the author. 

Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 
contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on 
cement material and industry ot the U. S. 


The entire set costs $1.60, and 
Order from your Newsdealer or from 


Inc., 361 Broadway, New York 


pheric temperatures, and are designed 
or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 


Retail Store price, - $50.00 
Our ‘‘Come-packt’’ price, 22.50 


You put the finished sec- 
tions together yourself. A 
few minutes’ easy work 
without tools saves you 
over half on 


Over 100 other handsome 
ieces in our new catalog— 
all GUARANTEED, Write today 


COME-PACKT FURNITURE CO. 1139 Edwin St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 


Es most valuable crop in the world. 

Ew son tbroumest the pels Ss. 
and Canada. Room in your garden 
to grow thousands of do! = sont 


d Seeds f le. Send 4c. for posta: d get our booklet A: 
Rote oabaait. MeDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, Joplin, Mo, 


American Homes & 


Gardens & & & and 
Scientific American 


sent to one address 


for one year. 
REGULARLY $6 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil 


ors range only from white to rose and ver- 
milion. Blue and violet colors are completely 
wanting and so is yellow, which is very com- 
mon in the begonia. 

ther species which have recently produced 
many new tones, with the exception of blue, 
include: Belargonium, Schahosa, Calceolaria, 
Antirrhinum, Mirabilis Jalapa (Four o’Clock 
or Marvel of Peru), hollyhocks, immortelles, 
and some species of Phlox and Godetia. The 
Gilliflowers, Wallflowers, and Balsams belong 
in the same category, for the varieties of these 
three flowers which are described as blue in 
seedmen’s catalogues are not pure blue, but 
violet. 

It should be observed, furthermore, that 
among species which have produced many new 
colors, there are some in which the color yel- 
low is wanting. This is the case with some 
species of larkspur (Delpinium ajacis and D. 
consolidated), with Dianthus Heddewigii and 
with the verbenas and Clarkias. 

Finally, there are species which, notwith- 
standing many years of cultivation, have shown 
little variation in the color of their flowers or 
have produced only new shades but not new 
colors. Among these are the fuchsias, which 
show only various shades of red. A blue or a 
yellow fuchsias would be a curiosity. Another 
example is furnished by Cyclamen persicum, 
in which many years of cultivation have only 
changed the original color scheme of a dark 
red throat and a white or pink tip so far as to 
deepen the red throat to crimson and almost 
violet and, on the other hand, to efface it alto- 
gether, producing a pure white flower. Quite 
recently, however, an approximation to a yel- 
low has been obtained by the production of a 
salmon-pink cyclamen. Similar cases are fur- 
nished by the Alpine forget-me-not, in which 
merely the shade of the original blue color has 
been slightly altered by cultivation, and by the 
marigold (Tagetes), the colors of which vary 
only from yellow and orange to brown. 

From the foregoing remarks it is evident 
that, although very many new colors have re- 
cently been produced by cultivation in the 
flowers of numerous species of plants, the pro- 
duction of these changes is entirely dependent 
upon the original predisposition to variation 
possessed by the plant. Without these tenden- 
cles to variation, no new color can be produced, 
either by the gardener or by natural selection, 
for if there is no variation, selection is im- 
possible. 


BURGLAR-PROOF GLASS 


Consul William Bardel, of Rheims, reports 
that a new French plate glass has been brought 
out which is practically burglar-proof. While 
an ordinary plate glass, such as is usually put 
into jewelers’ show windows, can be smashed 
by a single stroke of a metal-faced mallet, it is 
not possible to break this new plate glass in this 
manner. In an experiment made, a large piece 
of castiron was thrown violently against the 
window, but the only effect on the glass was a 
small hole measuring one or two inches. Sev- 
eral shots of a revolver loaded with jacketed 
bullets were then fired at the show window, 
but the window suffered no damage except 
that the bullets entered to a depth of a frac- 
tion of an inch. The plate glass which will 
stand such usage is ordinarily made of a thick- 
ness of 7 to 1 inch. If desired, even a heavier 
glass can be made without diminishing the 
transparency. 


The first steel steamship ever built in the 
maritime provinces of Canada is under con- 
struction at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. A great 
development is expected in this industry, 
which, in the days of wooden vessels, was such 
an important factor in the prosperity of the 
provinces bordering on the Atlantic coast. 


—— ICN Firion | 


in 5 a) | [i= 


HHMI | J} 


We speak of the good old days— 
the charming graces and courtly 
ways. But do we forget that 
they did not know 


Uneeda 
Biscuit 


The Soda Cracker that is the de- 
light of this day and generation. 


NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


Hess Sanitary ex: Locher =e 
Something New For Your Home 


Made of Solid, Smooth Steel Throughout, and Finished Inside and Out in Finest Everlast- 
ing Baked White Enamel—_Snow White—with Adjustable Enameled 
Steel Shelves, Nickel Plated Hinges and Handle. 


Better Than Wood and Gosts No More 


No home is complete without a 
Hess Sanitary Bathroom Locker. It is suit- 
able for the finest bath room. It is dust, 
germ and vermin proof and easily cleaned 
with warm water. 


Dust, Germ and Vermin Proof. 


Style “‘A’’ Lockeris made to recess into 
the wall and projects 174 inches from the 
face of wall. It has a beveled plate mirror 
16x20 inches and measures 1914x23% inches 
inside, Below the mirror is an open shelf 
19%x5% inches. Style “‘C”’ is the same size 
and finish; made mot fo recess into the 
wall, but to be suspended on the wall. 


Price of Style “‘A’’ $8.00 
Price of Style “‘C’’ 9.00 


Without Mirror deduct $1.50 
Without Open Shelf deduct $1.00 


We will prepay freight charges any- 
where east of Missouri and north of Ohio 
rivers on orders for two or more. 


ce 


The same cabinets with a different icc te Tes 
arrangement insi e, are used _ in_ office 
buildings, clubs and institutions for Toifet Lockers. 


Send for Illustrated Circular Showing Several Sizes 
We are makers of the Hess Steel Furnace. Important booklet, 
“Modern Furnace Heating’ Sent Free. 


: . . B 
Hess Warming & Ventilating Co. °7°! (ages 814 


See That 
; LOCKER 


viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


ATLAS cEMENT 


‘To make concrete construction successful requires the proper 
proportions of the ingredients, intelligent application, good 
design, and careful workmen. All these are important, but 
the most important of all is to get the nght kind of cement. 


‘Portland Cement” is a general term like “flour” building which go to make a country place attractive. 
or “woolen.” Atlas Portland Cement is the best kind Send for any or all of these useful books : 
of Portland Cement that can be made. “Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm” 
By having your architect specify Se Atlas,” you will (sent free), is a book valuable to every present or prospective builder of a 
get a buildin ¢ mat erial that has all of the go od qualiti Ae. house or country place. Other books that will interest you are: 
This will give you a house that is fireproof, sanitary, Concrete Houses and Cottages V0 1 ar eR 
cool in summer, warm 1n winter ; which reduces coal Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction (delivery charge) .10 


i " Concrete in Highway Construction.........oeesseseseeeeneee 1.00 
bills, fire insurance, cost of painting, repairs and upkeep. aeannnncmmenmuta ee Ao 


This same material—that 1S, Atlas Portland Cement Concrete Country Residences (out of print)...... aleletshelstelsiteretests 2.00 
—will enable you to beautify your place—building ‘‘Atlas” is the brand of Portland Cement purchased by 
walks, fences, terraces and all the other details of the Government for use in building the Panama Canal. 


| Re ene 
| ee 


THE ATLAS porttano CEMENT co. 
DEPT.10, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 


Largest output of any cement company in the world 
Over 50,000 barrels per day 


Ses - 
» 


ay ae 
= PORTLAN 


NONE JUST AS GOOD 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


(GSI PUBLISHED 
Three New Interesting Books 


Concrete Pottery and Garden 


Furniture 


BY RALPH C. DAVISON 
12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. Price, $1.50 Postpaid 


A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject 


HIS work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up 
Hp and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental 
shapes. The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad 
character of the work. They are entitled : 
I, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; 
IIl., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV., Plaster Molds for 
Objects Having Curved Outlines; V., Combination of Casting 
and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; VI., Glue Molds; VII., 
Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs 
with Same; VIII., Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden 
Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid 
with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Concrete 
Benches ; XII., Concrete Fences; XIII., Miscellaneous, In- 
cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. 

The first two chapters explain a most unique and original 
method of working pottery which has been developed by the 
author, The chapter on color work alone is worth many times 
the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this 
subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this 
class of work. The author has taken for granted that the 
reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has 
explained each progressive step in the various operations 
throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The 
amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, 
thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper 
and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. 


Handy Man’s Workshop | The Scientific American 


NOTCH TO PREVENT 
END PLAY 
=e ==s8 


and Laboratory 
Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 


12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations 
Price, $2.00 Postpaid 


A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical 
Man 


VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- 
E fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise 
of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of 
this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of 
procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, 
appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only 
too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. 
About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- 
ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate 
response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this 
country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- 
sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and 
offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks”’ as they 
are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in 
other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things 
about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in 
the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood 
of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call 
for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never 
touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured 
in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop 
Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so 
large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for 
lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in 
the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine 
chapters, under the following headings : 

L, Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals 
and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in 
the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy 
Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIII., 
The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines. 


Boy at School 
By A. RUSSELL BOND 


12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. 
Price, $2.00 Postpaid 


An ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the 
Holidays 


HIS book is a sequel to “The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand 
aR copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the 

boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various 
devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the 
apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully 
described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has 
assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy” so popular and interesting to 
the boy. 

It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding 
school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate 
the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the 
Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so 
that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, 
bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- 
structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The 
Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done 
by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- 
ing is a list of the chapters : 

Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter IIJ., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; 
Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., 
The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A ‘Pedal Paddle-Boat”’; 
Chapter VIII., Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., 
Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The 
Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a 
Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; 
Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; 
Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter 
XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXII., The Wooden Canoe; 
Chapter XXIII., The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., 
The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXVII., Geyser 
Fountain. 


MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers,361 Broadway, New York 


ix 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


The Best of All Bone Cutters 


Best, because it’s the only cutter made that 
cuts bone across the grain. And the most 
successful poultrymen know that bone cut in 
this way is easily assimilated by the hens and 
produces the best results. The 


Standard B Bone Cutter 


@ is easy torun and 


> << a 1 easy tobuy. Sent 
“ ro days free 
tal Cut shows 


= 9, $8.80. It has many 
improvements. 11 other 
sizes from $6.75 to $195. 
Write for catalogue. 
STANDARD 
BONE CUTTER OO. 
Milford, Mass. 


Iron Works Co. 


PRISON, HOUSE 
& STABLE WORK 


JOIST HANGERS 
LAWN FURNITURE 
FENCING, ETC. 


CLEVELAND, OHIO 


% 
HA1S00 ENC A 


PREVENTS DRAFTS, DUST AND WINDOW RATTLING. 
IVES’ PATENT 
Window Stop Adjuster. 


EAVY BED 


PATENTED. 


The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid 
ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening 
the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New 
Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free.) 


Too Nice to be Without 
“FURNITURE” 


The only magazine of its kind in the world. Tells how 
to gusting aish ad of character from the common 
and unworthy kind, illustrates the 
best modern interpretations of the 
old masters. ‘NFURNITURE” is not 
a technical magazine. It is written 
for the users of good furnishings, pro- 
fusely illustrated with the latest 
designs, contains valuable and inter- 
esting information on a subject each 
lover of the correct and beautiful in 
the home will revelin. 

Published quarterly at $1.00 the 
year Send 35c. for sample copy 
which will be credited om yearly sub- 
scriptions if you wish. 


60 pages9in x13in 


GRAND RAPIDS FURNITURE RECORD CO. 
Publishers, Dept. D, Grand Rapids, Mich. 


EUGENE PITOU, Jr. 


CIVIL ENGINEER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT 


Designs and Estimates for Improving and Constructing 
the Grounds of City and Suburban Properties. 


Ornamental Fixtures Furnished 


229 BROADWAY NEW YORK 
Telephone. 6084 Barclay 


“‘BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” 


tells the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect. 
Shows how to improve YOUR property FREE. Write to-day: 


OVETT, Landscape Service, Box 128, Little Silver, N. J. 


The Scientific American Boy 


By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid 
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 


: ests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- 
entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. 

Ss Be practical instructions are given for building the vari- 

ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 


BURLINGTON "ize" 


BLINDS 


SCREEN 
DOORS 


@ Equal 500 miles 
northward. Perfect 


privacy with doors 
and windows open. 


Darkness and breezes 


in sleeping rooms. 


Venetian Blind for 
inside window and 
outdoor veranda. 
Any wood; any 
finish to match trim. 


Sliding Blinds 
for inside use. 
Require no 
pockets. Any 
wood; any finish. 


WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU 


BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 339 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont 


you will find the Drama, the Stage, Players and all subjects pertaining to the 
Theatre of intense interest and daily discussion. 


The Theatre Magazine 


is the only publication devoted to the playgoers’ interests in America. It is 

the most beautiful magazine published, and its elaborate photographic illustrations 

of Players, Scenes, etc., make it worth preserving in the library of every woman 
of culture and lover of the beautiful. 


Each month’s issue contains articles of current 
and advance interest about Stage Favorites, New 
Plays, Music and the Opera here and in Europe. 
Every article is illustrated from exclusive photo- 
graphs, and written by the authoritative writers, 
critics, playwrights, managers and players them- 


Fashions as seen on the Stage and designed by 
leading actresses for their own roles; showing how 
the Stage is the modern creator of Smart Dress. 

Gossip of intimate Stage Life and anecdotes.” 
ot famous players. Interviews with Stage ..” 
Celebrities. é 


Music and the Opera. 


selves. [he romance of ‘Behind the Scenes’’ is Photographic reviews of Stars and oe 
brought to your library table in all its fascinating scenes from their plays. Interesting Homeyaae 
dress. Descriptive articles on the new plays, ad- descriptions of Stage Novelties as Nor., 09 
vance information on the appearance of old-time originating in London, Paris THEATRE MAGAZINE 
favorites in new roles. and Vienna. Be New York 
Gentlemen: 


Enclosed find one 

dollar, for which please 

send your magazine for 

three months and photo- 

gravure photographs of 

Lillian Russell, Maude Adams, 

E. H. Sothern, Kyrle Bellew, 
Fritzi Scheff, Frances Starr. 


Photographs of Stage Favorites Free 


The Theatre Magazine has no rival, suffers no competition. Once you begin to read it you will 
become a regular subscriber every year. Knowing this we make a special offer to get the 
Theatre Magazine into your hands for the first time. 

Cut off this coupon, fill in and mail to us with one dollar. We will send you the Theatre 
Magazine for three months beginning with the August issue and your choice of two full-size __ 
photogravure photographs of your favorite actors or actresses from the listonthe coupon. .°—- Name....++++++++eseeeeeerreee 
Cut the coupon off now and mail today. | Address Circulation Manager 
The Theatre Magazine, 28 W. 33d Street, New York City Sohne err eer Sondonsgo09 Sie 


UNGGhneemanonn so Soon CD aysteterete 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi 


Awe 


The First Prize in the Garden Competition 


The garden adjudged the first prize in the recent gar- 
den competition conducted by this magazine forms the 
subject of the opening article in the December number. 
This is the garden of Charles J. Pilling, at Lansdowne, 
Pa., a charming and delightful place abounding in pic- 
turesque developments very ably utilized and beautifully 
developed. The text consists of the brief description 
prepared by Mr. Pilling himself to accompany his photo- 
graphs, together with an itemized list of his plantings. 
The illustrations, which include several full-page plates, 
are very numerous and of the deepest interest. The 
presentation of this subject is bound to attract wide atten- 
tion, as it affords the magazine some of the most beau- 
tiful illustrations it has ever published. 


A New Artists’ Home 


The beautiful, yet modest, home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert 
V. V. Sewell at Oyster Bay constitutes a notable contribu- 
tion to Barr Ferree’s series of papers on the homes of 
American artists. While modest in size, and without the 
grandiose character that is sometimes attributed to nota- 
ble homes, this house easily stands among the most 
notable private dwellings in America. Mr. Sewell, a 
painter of national renown, has lavished of his genius 
and his work in a remarkable enrichment of hand wood- 
carving, all executed by himself, which gives an intensely 
personal character to the house and is its distinguishing 
characteristic. “his house has not been published here- 
tofore, and AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is fortu- 
nate in being able to present it to the interested public. 


Hammering and Piercing Metal 


Mrs. Mabel T. Priestman contributes a valuable and 
practical paper on the craft of hammering and piercing 
metal. ‘his is an interesting and fascinating form of 
craftwork that any one, with Mrs. Priestman as a guide, 
can readily follow. ‘The illustrations show exactly how 
this work is done, and offers some interesting practical 


designs. 


American Homes and Gardens 


Bungalow Furnishings 


Kate Greenleaf Locke, whose article on four California 
bungalows is a distinguishing feature of the present num- 
ber, opens up a new theme in bungalow literature with 
an eminently readable and suggestive paper on interior 
bungalow details and furnishings. Miss locke offers a 
number of helpful and valuable suggestions on the treat- 
ment and equipment of bungalow interiors, and illustrates 
her paper with numerous and beautiful photographs 
taken expressly for this article. 


A Concrete Fence 


Ralph C. Davison’s series of papers on concrete garden 
ornaments and how to make them is brought to a close 
in an interesting paper on the methods of building a 
concrete fence. he text is very precise and definite, and 
is especially intended to enable any one to build his own 
fence from the directions given. The illustrations are 
especially numerous, and include both diagrams and half- 
tones. It is a fine article of great practical value. 


Some New Western Homes 


Francis Durando Nichols, who has been gathering mate- 
rial for the magazine in the West, offers the first fruit of 
his work in a valuable paper on some new Western homes. 
The illustrations are chiefly of Chicago houses and open 
up an entire new school of architecture to our readers. 
Mr. Nichols will have more to say on this subject in 
future numbers, but the first article should not be missed. 


Other Contents 


The lesser papers and special departments of the maga- 
zine will contain much material of value and of special 
interest. New departments are being arranged each 
month, and each number, in the interest and variety of 


its contents, yields many times its value to the subscriber. 
The December number closes the fifth volume. The 
sixth will begin with the number for January, 1910. 


x1 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Cottage Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and 
investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever 
brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within 
the reach ot all who have an interest in the building of homes. 
The designs are compiled witha view to representing all grades 

of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first 
series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or 
more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given 
covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, ininexp~nsive 
homes. 


No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details 


A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been 
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No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details 


Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally 

costing from$1,000 to $3,000, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and 

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poste Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and 
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No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details 


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No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details 


Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, 
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American Homes and Gardens 
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American NDomes and Gardens covers a wide scope; it deals with 


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American Domes and Gardens is beautifully printed. The year's 


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Notable American Homes (12 descriptive 
articles) The Rose as a Summer Bedder 
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Heating and Lighting with Alcohol— 
Spring Houses Old and New—Plan- 
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Roof and Its Garden—The Plant and 
the Season— Garden Streams and 
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“VILLA AL MARE”: the Picturesque Grouping of the House Terrace 
MONTHLY CoMMENT—The Garden Competition and Its Prizes 
NOTABLE AMERICAN HomMes—“Villa al Mare,” the Country Home of George Lee, Esq., at 
Beverly Farms, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree 
THE GARDEN AT HAMILTON HOUSE By Louise Shelton 
CONCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How to MAKE THEM.  III.—A Concrete 
Pedestal By Ralph C. Davison 
Tue Howse or J. H. Hammonp, Esa., ar WYNNEWoop, PENNSYLVANIA. 
By Marshall §. Wheeler 
A Group oF MopERN Houses at Nutley, New JERSEY, COSTING FROM $1,000 TO $5,000. 
By Francis Durando Nichols 
BEDROOM WINDOW-CURTAINING By Mabel Tuke Priestman 
Tue BEAuTy AND Economy oF STUCCO By John A. Gade 
PME ARIVIENG Se MPERINVIEN TL BY OMPN no) fg eh ee eh pe By §. Leonard Bastin 
FouR CALIFORNIA BUNGALOWS ee By Kate Greenleaf Locke 
THE AMERICAN SHETLAND PONY By Fritz Morris 
“PINE HAVEN,” THE SUMMER HoME oF THOMAS B. VAN BuREN, Esa., AT KENNEBUNK- 
PORT, MAINE By Robert Thompson 
CORRESPONDENCE: 
By Alice M. Kellogg 
By Charles Downing Lay 


Houses That Do Not Shake Down. Our Native Persimmons. 
The Alteration of the Colors of Flowers by Cultivation. 
Garden Notes. New Books. 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
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Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President e = co c FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copyright, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


ing of the house terrace 


icturesque group 


the p 


“Villa al Mare” 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GAR 


“Villa al Mare” : the garden pool below the house 


416 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Monthly | 


November, 1909 


Comment 


The Garden Competition and Its Prizes 


§O MORE agreeable task has fallen to the 
lot of the editor of AMERICAN HoMEs 
GARDENS than to announce the results in 
the Garden Competition, generously insti- 
tuted by the publishers of this magazine 
some months ago. Pleasant as this duty 
is, it is not more so than was the pleasure 
of examining the multitude of photographs once the Com- 
mittee of Judges had finished their task and announced their 
award. For weeks the office mail has been weighted down 
with packages and bundles of all sorts of shapes, sizes and 
weights, addressed, as directed, to the Garden Competition 
Editor. You may be sure that, if it were a task to care 
for this valuable mail, it was even more onerous for the 
judges to examine it, weigh the respective merits and 
reach a decision—a decision that was fair to the conditions 
of the competition, fair to the competitors and fair to the 
gardens entered in this novel contest. 


2 
a ass ; 
LN f, 


DANCES 


AND now, that the work has been finished, the competition 
closed, the photographs, plans and papers submitted, ex- 
amined, and the judgment rendered, the editor may be per- 
mitted a personal word of satisfaction in the success that 
has attended the competition from the beginning, in the 
wide attention it has attracted, in the beautiful results it has 
disclosed, and in the care and discretion with which the judges 
have performed their work. Thanks, many, many thanks, 
to all concerned in this competition; thanks for the interest 
shown by entry in it, and thanks especially for the delightful 
privilege it has afforded of an opportunity of studying many 
gardens that might otherwise have remained unknown, or 
at least unvisited. 


Ir may be well, at this time, to recall the terms of the 
competition and what it was about. The circular and the 
advertiseements that have appeared from month to month in 
our pages of late were quite precise and definite. ‘The 
competition was founded by the publishers for the express 
purpose of enabling the magazine to help its army of readers 
by teaching them, through actual examples, how to beautify 
their surroundings. Every one who establishes himself in 
the country in his own home desires a garden of his own. 
This is really one of the reasons, although, perhaps, not 
always the principal one, that has induced and occasioned 
the remarkable movement countryward that has become so 
marked a feature of rural life. But the desire to own and de- 
velop a garden is often baffled, and sometimes stifled, by a 
lack of knowledge as to how to proceed and what to do. 
There is no other stimulus, in such a contingency, than know- 
ing what other people have done, if not under identical condi- 
tions, perhaps under similar ones; if not just your individual 
problem, then a problem that approximates yours, and which 
may, it is to be hoped, include some of the vexations that 
have vexed you and yet which have emerged triumphant 
and successful. 


Tuis is what the competition was about and this is 
what it was for. The editor believes this wads a useful thing 
to do and a wise one. There are precisely two things that 
lead to good results in gardening, namely, example and 
practise. A successful garden is a work of art, but one 
must know just what one is going to do and what results 
will be obtained before starting out to win the success that 
it is hoped to obtain from the beginning. This knowledge 
can only be acquired by the study of good gardens already 
existing. Thus it happens that the intelligent observer 
may gain from a garden that in no way resembles his, 


ideas, suggestions, inspirations and arrangements that will 
stimulate and help him in his own work, and which, some- 
times in an unconscious way, may help on his own success. 


ONE can, therefore, never view too many gardens, nor 
study them too attentively if one is a true garden-lover. 
Nature there speaks aloud in her most beautiful forms. Not 
naturally, perhaps, for somehow all gardens are more or 
less artificial, since the most delightful of flowers and plants 
do not always grow in regular order or even in “natural” 
groups. The first step is to know what has been done; and 
then, after due study and preparation, to proceed to do it 
oneself. Not, if you please to note, to reproduce another’s gar- 
den as your own, but to use such ideas as seem best suited to 
your own needs. At the most, you can only do the best you 
can, but the bravest of efforts should be made to end this. 


I HAVE delayed, perhaps, more than need be, in present- 
ing the Roll of Honor in the Garden Competition, and will 
delay this pleasure no longer. Here is the list: 


ROLL OF HONOR 
First Prize, $100 


CHARLES J. “PELLING? sh tide cane cee eee ae eee LanspowngE, Pa. 
Second Prize, $50 

CHARLES Di DAVIES!. 0 eseee. canes hearer eee ENGLEwoop, N. J. 
Third Prize, $25 

ANTHONY. PocPINDER \c.crcc+s00n essence eae een eee eens Troy, N. Y 
Fourth Prize, $15 

Mins: “ANNA CONDICTY sescenn ocenecatenct oe tee Essex Feris, N. J. 
Fifth Prize, $10 

EDWARD S:,: PAYSON(.c.6ss2.cGccctamsect eet enas Lexincron, Mass 
Honorable Mention 

Mrs. “JAMES “Rs MELONws. scence see sec oreeceeee New Fr orencr, Pa. 


I congratulate these ladies and gentlemen most heartily 
on the success that has attended their devotion to garden- 
craft. [hat they will be gratified at the prizes awarded 
them by a disinterested committee of judges may also be 
expected; but over and above the money prizes awarded 
them, is the real value of their individual contributions to 
gardening and gardening art. 


Now, that this competition has come to a successful 
close, it may be of interest to state that a second garden 
competition, on somewhat similar lines, is being planned by 
AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS for 1910. (The date 
looks a bit far off, but actually it is no more distant than next 
year.) It is too early to tell of this in any detail at this 
writing, or even to announce it formally; but mention of the 
plan seems suitable here, and it is made in the hope that it 
may lead to greater stimulus in obtaining results than in 
the notable competition whose conclusion is now made public. 


To THE garden, then, one and all! It is now too late to 
get out the spade and the rake and start the garden for next 
year, but it is not too late to begin on the planning and study 
that must precede successful garden work next spring. The 
garden must be put in proper order for the winter, and in 
the ordinary routine of work the garden-lover will find much 
to occupy him, even in the closing months of the year. But 
now is the season of preparation, and when the glad spring- 
time comes along next year, as it is bound to do in any event, 
let our friends who are interested in the practical side of 
gardencraft be ready for a new activity and a new interest. 
Depend upon it, AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS will have 
something of interest to say in that season THE EDITOR. 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Notable American Homes 


By Barr Ferree 


“Villa al Mare,” the Country Home of George Lee, Esq., at Beverly Farms, Massachusetts 


S94 NLIKE many homes on the “North Shore,” 

=a Mr. Lee’s house is not directly upon the 
water. It is, however, not far distant from 
it, and occupying, as it does, a picturesque 
site on a hillside that rises sharply above 
the road, it has the advantage of a fine 
situation, the more remarkable because the 
garden and most of the grounds are not visible from with- 
out, and the great beauty and skill with which these have 
been laid out offer many surprises to the visitor. “Che house 
itself is in full view of all beholders, its main front rising 
high above the roadway, banked, on the inner side, by the 
giant rocks and forest trees against which it is built. “These 
natural features entirely surround the house, as seen from 
without, and give it an unusual setting. As a matter of 
fact, the property lies at a junction of two roads, which 
cross at a rather acute angle. 
In a somewhat rough sense, 
the house is built across the 
farther side of a triangle. 
It is entirely surrounded 
with a wall of faced stone, 
surmounted with a latticed 
crown. ‘The entrance is a 
simple little gate cut in 
the wall. 

A graveled path rises 
steeply within and conducts 
the visitor to the entrance- 
porch. This is built against 
one end of the house, the 
longest side overlooks the 
garden. The house is faced 
with cream-white plaster, 
with white window-frames 
and green shutters; all the 
roofs are of red tile. The 
entrance-porch is a simple 
and charming ‘“‘lean-to” 
built before the door. At 
each end is a wall, in which 
is an opening with a seg- 
mental arch; they are se- 
verely cut through the wall 
without moldings or orna- 
ments of any sort. On the 
side of the path the raf- 
ters are upheld by two white 
columns. The door is 
square-topped, with a frame 
of narrow moldings painted 
white, and the door is 
solidly paneled in small 
square panels with rounded 
studs; it is painted green. 
The ironwork is limited to 
a knocker, the bell-handle 
and a lantern on each side. 
There is a small square 
window in the upper part of 


the wall on one side, and bay trees and evergreens in terra- 
cotta pots and tubs form the essential parts of a very 
delicately handled color-scheme. 

The ornamental front of the house is that overlooking 
the garden. It consists of three parts; a slightly recessed 
center, and two slightly projecting ends. Its basic idea 
is, therefore, quite rigid symmetry, but the architect, Mr. 
W. G. Rantoul, of Boston, has allowed himself a very con- 
siderable latitude in the developments of the parts. The 
three great arches in the center of the lower story are sup- 
ported on columns contained within the surface of the wall, 
but are without outer moldings. The string course above 
them is carried only from the farther wing around to the 
great chimney on the entrance front. That there is a series 
of rectangular windows in the second story, and a small 
central gable in the roof seems sufficient for the symmetrical 


e 


The approach to the entrance porch 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


418 


The terrace above the garden 


The entrance porch 


PEE] 


- 
a 


The living-room is finished with oak and has a Caen stone mantel 


November, 1909 


treatment; for each 
of the two ends are 
treated differently. 
That towards the 
entrance front has a 
balcony in the sec- 


ond floor, entered 
by three round 
arches; while the 


other has a roofed 
veranda on the 
ground floor, con- 
tinued around on the 
inner side. Above it 
are two rectangular 
windows which, 
with a dormer in the 
roof above each end, 
complete the chief 
features of this care- 
fully studied front. 

It is quite easy to 
see wherein the 
charm of this house 
lies. It is of mod- 
erate size, and hence 
makes no appeal by 
reason of its dimen- 
sions. But it is a 
house very carefully 
studied in every 
part. It is designed 
with as little use of 
ornamental detail 
as possible, yet the 
ornament that is 
used is well chosen, 
well designed and 
thoroughly well 
adopted to relieve 


the plain solidity of the walls. 
singularly well adapted to its site in a very beautiful manner. 
An irregular piece of ground that is chiefly sloping offers 


y 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


"i 


QAVgeawe 


ens 


RELENTLESS ENS LA ER eee 


The reception-room is designed in the Pompeian style 
The house, moreover, is 


hasty glance, seemed possible. 


The garden is a beautiful grassed space enclosed by vine-covered rocks and walls 


tends to the outer or boundary wall. 
charming spot, much more ample in area than, at a first 
In the center is a circular 


419 


little inducement for 
architectural embel- 
lishment. Mr. Ran- 
toul has been for- 
tunate enough to 
produce a highly in- 
dividual house, per- 
fectly adapted to a 
very difficult site, so 
perfectly indeed, 
that the house seems 
as well suited to its 
situation as its situ- 
ation seems destined 
for it. 

The achievement 
in gardening is no 
lessextraordinary. A 
terrace, supported 
by a stone wall, im- 
mediately adjoins 
the outer side of the 
house. One end— 
the farthest — is 
roofed and fur- 
nished as an out- 
door living-room. 
At the near end are 
steps to a lower ter- 
race, where the base 
of the first wall is 
densely planted with 
shrubbery. Here is 
a path, and then a 
lower wall, over- 
grown with vines, 
which rises from 
the garden that is 
spread below its 
base and which ex- 
It is a thoroughly 


420 


fountain with a jet of water; then spacious lawns, on which 
are planted a few evergreens and clumps of grasses; the 
outer borders are everywhere thickly shrubbed. In the 
retaining wall below the house is a shallow recess with a 
marble seat, and on the inner side is a vast hillside, partly 
native rock, but now completely overgrown with vines and 
plants: honeysuckle, hardy phlox, asters, zinnias, golden 
glow—exactly the right sort of flowers to grow here in the 
semi-wild profusion. The stable, hidden by the trees and 
shrubs, is at the farthest inside corner and is almost com- 
pletely hidden by the thick foliage in which it is concealed. 

The entrance to the house is a small vaulted hall, with 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


as well as from the hall. It has a high wainscot of oak in 
simple oblong panels, the walls above being treated with 
rough plaster painted sage-green. The upper borders 
around the door and window adjoining the fireplace are 
blue. ‘The ceiling has beams of oak with blue panels. The 
fireplace is of Caen stone and the floor is hardwood with 
Oriental rugs. The room is lighted by three great windows 
with arched tops, which give upon the terrace. It contains 
some fine old carved cabinets. 

Beyond it, and entered from the farthest corner, is the 
den. This is a small square room, covered with a groined 
vault, painted blue, with gold stars. It has a paneled oak 


The dining-room contains a remarkable collection of old pewter 


the stairs to the right under the arcade on which the vault 
is carried. ‘There is a mosaic floor, and a high oak panel- 
ing, above which are Venetian-red tympanums under the 
arches. he reception-room is immediately to the left. It 
is designed in the Pompeiian style, developed in light colors. 
The ceiling is curved, with painted panels and a border in 
gay colors carried all around the edges. The mantel is 
decorated with reliefs, and has facings of blue-glazed tiles; 
above it is a built-in mirror. The walls are pale-blue and 
are paneled with moldings of white and yellow. The hard- 
wood floor has a central rug, and there is a set of Adam’s 
furniture. ‘The windows have white lace curtains. On one 
panel hangs an old blue-and-gold mirror. 

The living-room may be entered from the reception-room 


wainscot five feet in height which supports a shelf; the 
upper walls are rough plaster, left white. There is a 
built-in seat at the base of the wainscot with brown velvet 
cushions, and the leather-covered chairs are of the same 
hue. ‘The fireplace has facings of red brick. A lamp-like 
chandelier depends from the center of the vault. The walls 
and shelves are thronged with bric-a-brac. 

The dining-room is on the inner side of the house and 
is two steps above the living-room. It has an oak wainscot 
five feet in height, with upper walls of French gray and a 
small classic border at the summit. The ceiling is beamed 
in oak, with panels of French gray. On three sides of 
room are large recesses, or open cabinets, built within the 
walls, paneled throughout and shelved. Here is displayed 


November, 1909 


a truly wonderful collection 
of old pewter, objects of 
every sort and use being 
represented here in many 
different varieties. The 
central chandelier is pew- 
ter, as well as the two great 
church candlesticks on each 
side of one of the cabinets. 
It is a gathering of astonish- 
ing extent, and one of the 
greatest possible interest. 
The windows have broad 
sills and are filled with 
leaded glass with circular 
patterns; they are provided 
with green sash-curtains. 
The oak furniture is cov- 
ered with dark-brown 
leather studded with brass 
nails. The oak floor has 
no rugs. The fireplace is 
of Caen stone with bands 
of red brick and _brick- 


lining. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 421 


Part of the garden wall and enclosure 


The interior thus reflects and illustrates the fine taste that There is variety and interest within the rooms exactly as 
has made so much of the garden and adjacent grounds. there is without in the design of the house. 


Al Ee tee a 


The den has a vaulted ceiling painted blue with gold stars 


w 


422 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


The Garden at Hamilton House 


By Louise Shelton 


(PRG) )) HE garden at Hamilton House is one of and grounds were passing into a state of decline, but in a 
e the most beautiful gardens in America,” short time the rich, though simple beauty, of the time-worn 
Thomas Nelson Page is quoted as having mansion was restored; some additions were necessary, and 
said; and Henry James remarked that while retaining all the old lines of its original style, the 
there is nothing like it in this country. house took a new lease of life. The dignified beauty of 
Once to have seen it, is to wish to be Colonial days adorns the interior, also even to the ancient 
again in that court of flowers. There are wall-paper in the main hall reproduced by an English firm. 

larger gardens, and gar- 

dens of more elaborate de- 

sign, but Hamilton House 

garden is the dream fulfilled 

of a nature-lover and artist, 

who, while living in the at- 

mosphere of an old mansion 

under the shade of ancient 

elms by the river, wove into 

the scheme a garden fash- 

ioned after the spirit of 

the place. 

In the year 1770, Colonel 
Hamilton, a prosperous 
West-Indian merchant, built 
his home here, _ possibly 
from the memory of some 
Colonial homestead in old 
Virginia, and Hamilton 
House on the Piscataqua 
River, nearly two miles 
from the nearest railroad 
station at South Berwick, 
Maine, still enjoys its happy 
seclusion. There is no 
habitation in sight other 
than the old house itself 
mirrored in the waters at 
the foot of the sloping 
lawn. The place suggests 
romance, and Miss Sarah 
Orne Jewett has depicted it 
in her ‘“Tory Lover.” Mr. 
Page wrote about it in 
“Miss Goodwin’s  Inheri- 
tance.” 

Ten years ago its present 
owner bought the estate 
covering two hundred and 
fifty acres of meadow and 
woodland through which . 
winds the river. House Hamilton House 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 423 


Outside, too, age is visible in the broad is the vine-covered pergola or arbor en- 
stepping-stones which take the place closing the garden on three sides: a 
of paths and in the luxuriant cool retreat with a river view 
growth of shrubs and trees. through its leafy openings. 
The only new creation Here, in crevices between 
about the place is the the st e p pin g-stones, 
garden, although to mosses, grass and little 
all appearances it is carpet vines have 
also a part of the taken root; occa- 
past. Within this sional ferns clus- 
beautiful enclo- ter together in 
sure the fancy shadowed 
finds wings, places, and 
so perfect is here, too, I 


A look into 
the 


June garden 


A spot of 
quiet peace 


the harmony 

of its color- 
schem e—so 
perfect the quiet 
and the air of 
time pervading it. 
Grass paths divide 
the various flower- 
beds and connect the 
four sides. The artist- 
owner is also chief gar- 
dener, and flowers and vines 
have responded vigorously to her 
daily toil among them. Probably 

her masterpiece in garden architecture 


saw some 
escaped pop- 
py _ seedlings 
that have found 
a sun-warmed 
niche. In the cool 
recesses of the vines 
garden-seats are 
pilkaicerdi bic tome sa 
vista of flowers, or by 
the lattice overlooking the 
water, and at one end of the 
arbor is the garden tea-room, a 
cheerful refuge on a rainy day. A 
high pivet-hedge borders the garden on 


Sacer a 
' 


4 eI 
4 
~ pee! Bes 


The original wall-paper is reproduced A simple old fireplace 


424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


the fourth side, forming a strong background for such plants amazingly fascinating. I have called it old, and it is old, 
as hollyhocks, delphiniums, etc., and screening the upper truly; yet it is modern, as well, in being maintained in a 
garden—the picking garden—on the farther side. living way. That is to say, it is a house that is lived 
Beginning with June, the favorit old- in, loved for itself, too, put into perfect or- 
fashioned summer flowers appear in der, with new garden beauty, each year. 
this garden by the river. Roses, of I sometimes think it a strange thing 
course, and hardy larkspur, fox- that a garden must be cared for 
glove, poppies, sweet William, and tended so that we who love 
campanula, hollyhocks, lava- ae it may enjoy it the most and 
tera, bee balm, peonies and get the best of our enjoy- 
phloxes predominating. % ment. <A _ delapidated 
There are certain weeks old house is a grievous 
when the blue flowers thing in itself, but a 
(slightly relieved delapidated old gar- 
by white and yel- den is to me the 
low) have the mo- worst of all woes. 
nopoly over cther The poor shrubs 
colors, and ever af- i and flowers, once set 
terwards the mem- } out with loving care, 
ory sees tall sky. have no one even so 
blue delphiniums in much as to look at 
ample ea rd ein: them; the gayest 
Later, when the flowers seem to 
seat of honor is given mourn, and put on a 
to pink hollyhocks, pink sad air as though help- 
phloxes, etc., mingled with less, as indeed they are, 
lilies, one feels that the in their solitary and neg- 
fairest garden ever grown lected state. 

was dressed all in pink. But at Hamilton House there 
The birds are here, glad for is none of this. Here is a gar- 
the fountain, and nesting in the den alive in every part, a garden 
tangled arbor vines,—truly a flower to enjoy and dream and think in, 
garden without birdsong would be an a garden that yields delight at every 
unfinished Eden! Nature and an artist-soul footstep. One knows, indeed, that it has 
have contrived all harmony for this garden in The front door of Hamilton House been restored, that this rich growth of shrubs 


iad 
y 


idee vied eee 


the hills of Maine, where, though the season and trees, this brilliant blooming of flowers, 
is short, the flowers grow to the limit of size and perfection, these luxuriant vines—one knows that all this has been 
as if to atone for coming late. newly done and that daily thought and care are lavished 


There is an appealing beauty in this fine old place that is upon this natural splendor. For gardens such as this do 


The drawing-room fireplace The old hall through the center of the house 


November, 1909 


One side of the pergola bordering the garden 


not maintain themselves unaided and much labor and 
thought has gone into this newer garden-growth. 

And this, I take it, is exactly as it should be. A garden 
was always here since the first stone was laid of the founda- 
tion by good old Colonel Hamilton. But more than a hun- 
dred years is too long a time for a garden to survive in 
America, except under the most favorable circumstances and 
the most unusual conditions; I mean, of course, a continuous 
survival, with care and attention for the whole long time. 
We hardly, to our sorrow, do things that way in our most 
progressive country. The nomadic instinct is still strong 
within us, and many of us scarce move into a house and get 
the garden going than we are looking abroad for other abid- 
ing places. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


425 


An entrance to the garden 


So, as things, go, a hundred and forty years is a prodigious 
time for an American garden to be tended, and nothing of 
this sort could have been expected of poor old Hamilton 
House. Yet, to-day, the place needs no sympathy, for it 
commands only eager admiration. For the house itself, 
some repair was needed; but this has, in no instance, been 
overdone, nor, at any point, been more than was necessary. 
The fine taste shown in this structural work, and on the 
work within, has been reflected, and, if possible, magnified, 
by the embellishment of the garden. Fortunately, the basis 
of beautification was here and the restoration of this 
glorious old garden was, we may be sure, a task of abound- 
ing interest and deepfelt affection. 

It is, in any event, a wonderful place to own, or even visit. 


426 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


Concrete Ornaments for the Garden and How to Make Them 


III—A CONCRETE PEDESTAL 


By Ralph C. Davison 


UN-DIALS, statuettes and vases mounted 
on ornamental pedestals add greatly to the 
picturesqueness of the modern garden. 
These pedestals are made in numerous de- 
signs and of various ma- 
terials, such as_ stone, 
marble and_ concrete. 

The accompanying half-tone illustration, 

Fig. 1, shows a pedestal made of white 

Portland cement. It is of simple design, 

and one which lends itself nicely to the 

material, inasmuch as the forms in which 
to cast it are easily made. Fig. 2 is an 
outline sketch of the pedestal, in which are 

given its general dimensions, and Figs. 3, 

4, 5, 6 and 7 show details of the molds in 

which it is cast. Fig. 8 shows the various 

parts of the mold before assembling. Fig. 

g shows the shaft-mold assembled in posi- 

tion ready to pour, and Fig. 10 shows the 

three finished pieces of the pedestal before 
setting them up. 

The molds should all be made of 1-inch 
lumber, and the dimensions given should 
be followed closely. The base-mold shown 
in Fig. 3 consists of nothing more or less 
than a square box with sides 5 inches high. 
In the center of the bottom of this box is auton 
placed a tapered core, so as to produce a 
hole, in the cast, to correspond in size to the outside dimen- 
sions of the plug on the bottom of the shaft of the pedestal, 
as shown in Fig. 10. The mold for the top or cap of the 
pedestal is shown in Fig. 4. This like the base-mold is 
merely a square box. It is 4 inches deep, and a ™%-inch 
tapered plug is placed in the center of its 
bottom as shown, in order to produce a 
14-inch hole in the bottom of the cap in 
which to insert the %-inch reinforcing rod, 
which passes through the entire length of 
the shaft, as shown in the assembled draw- 
ing, Fig. 7. Strips of 2-inch quarter-round 
stock molding mitered at the corners, as 
shown, are placed in the bottom of this 
mold in order to give the desired outline 
to the lower portion of the cap. The main 
shaft-mold is made in three pieces, as 
shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 5 shows the details 
of the sides of the main part of the shaft- 
mold. ‘The recessed panels shown in the 
sides of the pedestal in Fig. 1 can either 
be cast in or it can be tooled out, after the 
pedestal has been cast, by means of chip- 
ping with a hammer and chisel. If it is 
desired to cast it in, rather than to tool it 


Fig. |—Sun-dial made of white 
Portland cement and marble dust. 
Designed and executed by the 


when removing the forms. Details of parts B and C of 
the shaft-mold are shown in Fig. 6. Part B is a bottomless 
box 10 inches square on the inside, with sides 6 inches high, 
and in jt are secured, on all four sides, and mitered at the 
corners as shown, pieces of 2-irich quarter- 
round stock molding. ‘These are securely 
fastened to the sides 1 inch from the top. 
Part C of the mold is made of four pieces 
of t-inch board as shown, on which is built 
up the cone which forms the lug on the 
bottom of the shaft. Part d of the mold 
at its top should have secured to it, on all 
four sides, pieces of 2-inch by 1-inch 
tapered strips, as shown by the shaded por- 
tion at d in Fig. 7. The outside dimen- 
sions of these strips should be such so that 
the inner portion of part B fits over them 
snugly. 

The bottom of part d of the mold 
should have a 9/16 inch hole 4 inch deep 
bored in its center in wihch to place the 
4-inch steel reinforcing rod, as shown. 
After having completed the various parts 
of the mold as described above, sandpaper 
the inner surfaces of them and give them 
two coats of shellac; let this dry thor- 
oughly, and then oil the inside surface well 
with a fairly thin oil. Now assemble the 
shaft-mold, letting section 4 stand on end, 
as shown in Fig. 7. Place section B in position as shown, 
care being taken to let the quarter-round molding rest snugly 
down on the pieces d of section d. ‘Then place the steel rod 
in position, and commence to deposit the concrete mixture. 
If a white shaft is desired, use one part of white Portland 
cement and two parts of white marble 
screenings ranging in size from dust up 
3g inch. Mix these together dry, and 
then add enough water to make a fairly 
thick paste. Fill the mold flush with the 
top of part B, tapping the sides and jarring 
part 4 of the mold occasionally to settle 
the concrete mixture as it is being de- 
posited. When the concrete is flush with 
the top of section B, place section C in 
position and proceed to fill it flush with the 
top. Allow the concrete to set or harden 
in the molds for at least twenty-four hours 
before attempting to remove the molds. 
In securing the molds together use as few 
nails as possible, and in removing the mold 
from the cast, great care must be taken in 
loosening them, so as not to injure the 
casts. In removing the shaft-mold, take 
off part C first, then part B, and finally 


out, a panel or negative mold, as shown at 
C, Fig. 5, should be attached to the inner 
side of each side of the shaft-mold as 
shown. ‘The edges of this negative mold 
for the panel should be beveled off as indi- 
cated in the sectional drawing, so as to 
allow it to be released readily from the cast 


\ fb 
Fig. 2—Outline sketch of 


pedestal giving general 
dimensions 


section 4. The base and cap molds should 
be filled with the same mixture as above, 
and should also be allowed to set for at 
least twenty-four hours before removing 
the forms. It would be well to insert in 
the base, when casting, four pieces of %- 
inch round or square steel reinforcing bars 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


427 


tr. to cach side of mould for recess 
4! 


ihe _ 


= 1 


plug L high 


© | 
Ib ‘Tapered Hes | f | “ 
xe 


| ” 73 
|! Lon euch side 
| to claw of : 
L lap for sides 
A’ 
A Of thts 


B 


2 Rods 


Fig. 3—Mbold for base block 


of pedestal of pedestal 


placed as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 3. These will 
add greatly to its strength, and will prevent it from crack- 
ing in case the foundation, upon which the pedestal is placed, 
is not perfectly true and level. If by any chance the casts 
should be injured, in removing them from the molds, they 
should be well wet down with water and pointed up with a 
mortar made of 1 part white Portland cement and 1 part of 
marble dust mixed with enough water to produce a fairly 
thick paste. 

After having pointed up the various parts of the pedestal 
they should be allowed to stand for a short time, and then 
all of the pieces should be well soaked with water occa- 
sionally every day for at least ten days. This wetting down 
is known as the curing process, and it should be well attended 
to, as the hardness and durability of the product produced 
depend largely upon the care taken in properly curing the 
casts. 

After the pieces have become thoroughly hardened or 
cured they can be assembled or set up in position, as shown 
in Figs. 1 and 2. The surfaces of the parts which are to be 
joined together should be sprinkled with water, and covered 
with a thin layer of cement mortar composed of 1 part of 
white Portland cement and 1 part of marble dust. ‘They 
should be placed on each other, and worked around with a 
twisting motion until bedded in place. The surplus cement 
which is forced out at the joints should then be smoothed 


SLA- 
Fig. 6—Details of parts C and B of mold for shaft of pedestal 


SN 


aa 


Fig. 4—Mold for top or cap 


Fig. 5—Detail of sides of main part of shaft 
mold for pedestal 


off, and the pieces allowed to set, without being disturbed, 
for from one to two days, in which time they will be firmly 
secured in place. 

By using the mixture of white Portland cement and marble 
chips or screenings, as stated above, the effect produced will 
resemble that of white marble. If one prefers the gray color 
of ordinary Portland cement, the mixture used should then 
be composed of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of good 
clean sand and 2 parts of trap rock screenings or pebbles 
not to exceed % inch in size. If a sun-dial is to be placed 
on the pedestal, it need not be cemented in place. They are 
usually made of brass or bronze, and their weight is sufficient 
to hold them down. When placing a sun-dial, always see 
that its vane points to the north and that the pedestal is 
placed in the full rays of the sun. It would also be well 
to prepare a good solid foundation for the pedestal to rest 
on, for if this is not done it is apt to settle as the ground 
becomes soft in the spring time. In fact, all heavy garden 
furniture should be provided with good solid foundations. 
These foundations should be from 2 to 3 feet deep, and in 
size should correspond to the size of the base of the piece 
which is to rest upon them. To prepare a foundation of 
this kind, all that is necessary is to dig a hole of the desired 
size and depth and to fill it with a mixture of 1 part Portland 
cement, 3 parts of sand, and 5 parts of broken stone or 
gravel. Add enough water to this to 
make it of the consistency of a thick 
pasty mass. Tamp it down well and 
level it off and allow it to set or 
harden for twenty-four hours, in 
which time the piece can be placed in 
position on it. 

In undertaking the manufacture of 
the various garden ornaments of con- 
crete described in this series of arti- 
cles, the amateur should be prepared, 
not only to proceed with the utmost 
care, but to exercise the utmost pa- 
tience and discretion. The work is 
in no sense difficult, as must, I think, 
be apparent to any one who has fol- 
lowed the articles to this point; but 
it is exacting and precise, and the 
temptation to hasten and to forward 
the work unduly is sometimes apt to 
be very keen. This temptation, for 
such it is, should be promptly resisted, 
since such a procedure is very apt to 
lead to indifferent work, which, in the 


rE 


Fig. 7—Showing wood 
mold for pedestal shaft 
assembled and in posi- 
tion to pour 


428 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


end, would be highly un- 
satisfactory. 

It is well, therefore, to 
insist on these points, since 
in most mechanical opera- 
tions of whatever kind so- 
ever this temptation is often 
present and is frequently 
quiet eagerly availed of. In 
making concrete garden or- 
naments the work must be 
carried out with the utmost 
care at every stage. The 


molds and patterns must be carefully made; the joints must 
be tight; the surfaces of the wood smooth and even; the 


nails, when it is necessary to remove them, 
driven in at exactly the right angle and 
just far enough to permit them to be re- 
moved without injuring the model. ‘The 
work of dissecting the mold is often more 
delicate and complicated than the labor 
of putting it together, and every part 
must be accurately and nicely adjusted 
and capable of being removed and re- 
adjusted. The labor spent on this pre- 
liminary work will be more than repaid in 
the satisfaction with which the final prod- 
uct—the particular article that is being 
manufactured—will be viewed in the end. 
And after the mold is made and tested 
—for one must be very certain that it is 
both well made and will yield the result 
contemplated from the beginning—comes 
the preparation of the concrete. I have 
already referred to this part of the work, 
but speak of it again at this point, because 
every single operation in the whole matter 


is essential, and the care and pains that is given to one part 
must, with equal care and pains, be bestowed upon every 


other part. It is presumed, 
of course, that those who 
may undertake the task of 
making concrete garden or- 
naments from the directions 
given in this brief series of 
articles are prepared to fol- 
low the very detailed direc- 
tions that have been given. 
It is for this very reason 
that the directions have 
been presented in such de- 
tail, and since this discloses 


Fig. 8—Parts of mold before assembling 


Fig. 9—Shaft mold assembled and 


in position ready to pour concrete 


of these concrete garden ornaments. 
making of the mold may be looked upon as quite a formid- 


November, 1909 


the way by which the 
author of these papers has 
repeatedly obtained the re- 
sults described and _ illus- 
trated, it is earnestly urged 
that his experience be re- 
spected and the things de- 
scribed as being done be 
done in that way and in no 
other. 

A word or two may be 
introduced here on the use 
In some cases the 


able task, and since a well-built mold may 
be available for use many times, it may 
appear a wise economy to manufacture a 
considerable number of objects from it. I 
want to suggest that this is not always the 
thing to do. A successful garden is not one 
crowded with ornaments of identical pat- 
tern, nor with many ornaments of any 
pattern, unless they have a definite place in 
the general ornamental scheme. One may 
use a single sun-dial pedestal in a given 
garden, but one would hardly use half a 
dozen. One might have a garden bench 
or two, but hardly a whole row that might 
accommodate a multitude of people. 

One may experiment, of course, to one’s 
heart’s content, and the more one does so 
the greater will be the zest manifested in 
work of this description; but, like all gar- 
den work, and, indeed, all architectural 
work, it must be done with a definite end 
in view if the result is to be wholly satis- 


factory. And the work must be satisfactory in the end, and 
completely so, or it had better not be undertaken. If one has 


use for a garden vase, or a 
dozen of them, the work of 
making them will be found 
not only agreeable, but emi- 
nently satisfactory in the 
ornamental effects obtained. 
There are many other gar- 
den ornaments that one can 
use in multiple to advan- 
tage, but always with a gen- 
eral scheme, a completed 
plan in view. It is easy to 
realize an ideal when such a 
standard is maintained. 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


429 


House of J. H. Hammond, Esq., at Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 


By Marshall S. Wheeler 


S) HE charming house of J. H. Hammond, 
i Esq., at Wynnewood, Pa., is delightfully 
situated on a shady site in that prosperous 
and progressive Philadelphia suburb. ‘The 
country thereabouts, as all must know who 
have seen it, if no closer than from a rail- 
way-car window, is one of the most de- 
lightful that surrounds any great American city. I dare not 
venture so far as to assert that Mr. Hammond was fortunate 
enough to obtain the most delightful site of all, but surely 
it was attractive enough to call forth sympathetic treatment 
from his architect, Mr. Carroll Thayer, of Swarthmore, 
one of Wynnewood’s neighboring towns. A delightful site, 
it seems to me, should always inspire the creation of a 
delightful dwelling. The two go together as naturally as 
can be, and I offer the accompanying photographs as excel- 
lent evidence, and the best, of the admiration I feel for this 
quiet little house that seems so exquisitely fitted to the trees 
and woods amid which it is built. 

It is a stone house, as are many of the better houses in 
this vicinity, with a great sloping shingled roof, whose lofty 
gables on either end are shingled to the apex. On the front, 
the roof is broken by a dormer, that rises to a height of two 


stories and which gives so much interest and so much char- 
acter to the exterior. Its propecting eave is pierced, on one 
side, by the great stone chimney that rises up from the wall 
below, cutting through the main roof and rising to a suf- 
ficient height above the gable of the dormer. 

The silhouette elements of the design are thus very varied 
and highly decorative, but there are a number of other 
features that help to make this a thoroughly interesting bit 
of architecture. There is an entrance porch on one corner 
of the front, a porch occasioned by a recessing of the outer 
walls, with a fragment, as it were, left on the outermost 
angle to support the great roof above. Here, beneath the 
porch, is the main doorway, on the side wall, and not facing 
the street, a delightful arrangement for privacy that one 
seldom sees, yet which, now that we see how it is done— 
and why—is very clear and simple. In the main wall are 
two pairs of twin windows, with leaded glass in diamond 
pattern, and between them is the base of the chimney, to 
which I have already referred. And this is all, unless one 
includes, as indeed one must, the great stone bay on the side, 
which we presently discover to constitute a considerable por- 
tion of the dining-room. 

Being but a simple little house—and I must insist on this 


A charming house of stone with its two-story roof 


430 


point—the interior has, on the ground floor, but three rooms. 
These consist of a living-room, a dining-room and a kitchen. 
The living-room is entered immediately from the main door- 


way, which has no vestibule nor introductory or separating 


passage, since none is needed, as quite ample protection is 
afforded by the en- 
trance porch under 
which it stands. It 
isa fei miiesinve ds sin 
Flemish oak, wood- 
paneled to the win- 
dow-sills, above 
which is a paper in 
brown, red and 
green. A plate-rack 
is carried completely 
around the room, 
and serves the pur- 
pose of a frieze. In 
one corner are the 
stairs leading to the 
second story, and in 
the center of the . 
front wall is the fire- 
place, for which the 
great outer chim- 
ney was built. 
Opening from 
this room on the right, is the dining-room. ‘The meaning 
and purpose of the bay-window on the side is now made 
clear, for it supplies a brilliant illumination to this room, 
as well as much-needed floor space. The walls are treated 
with a mustard-color striped paper, and the general character 
and decoration are in happy harmony with the artistic 


Dining oore 
/dXI7'6 


Luling ZOOL 
I X22 


[1287 /LOO 2. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


character of the living-room. 

In one corner is a door leading to the butler’s pantry, 
which, in its turn, is directly connected with the kitchen, 
which thus occupies the innermost part of the house and is at 
a point the farthest removed from the street. Like all good 
kitchens, it is well- 
furnished and 
equipped with ll 
the necessary fix- 
tures of the best 
types Mention 
should, however, be 
made of the laun- 
dry, which is con- 
trived in one corner 
and is actually sep- 
arated from the 
kitchen proper. It 
is an arrangement 
seldom found in 
houses so modest as 
this, but is exceed- 
ingly convenient and 
useful. 

The second story 
discloses four bed- 
rooms and a bath. 
room, the latter be- 
ing located above the laundry. All these rooms are charm- 
ingly appointed and conveniently related to each other. 

There is a charm about this house both within and with- 
out, and it is eminently attractive in every way. Its interior 
provides more space than its exterior suggests, and its fittings 
and furnishings are in the best of taste. 


at 
TL, 
ey 


40 6X/26 


Secon /loo 2 


The living-room with its great fireplace 


November, 1909 


VERANDA. 


—|Of@wIDE= 


Fig. 1|—First floor plan 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


431 


Fig. 2—The house is delightfully shaded with fine old trees 


A Group of Modern Houses at Nutley, New Jersey 


Costing From $1,000 to $5,000 
By Francis Durando Nichols 


2iYO ONE, who has not set out to do it, has 
any notion of the exceeding difficulty of 
erecting a good house for one’s own use at 
a very moderate cost. It is very much 
easier to do it for another fellow than for 
yourself, as you always know exactly what 
other people are entitled to, at least for a 
given sum of money, and you also know that certain things 
very essential to your own comfort are quite unnecessary 


Fig. 3—A roof with ample room for two stories 


and uncalled for when it comes to someone else. But start 
to do your own building for a set sum, and, in most cases, 
you will wish you hadn’t. 

But in all seriousness the problem is a difficult one, and 
it is becoming more and more difficult every day, not only 
with the increased cost of building material and of labor, 
but with the demand for new conveniences in the home, 
new appliances, many of which are very useful and desir- 
able, but since every addition to a house means an additional 


Fig. 4—A second floor plan 


arn ae 


{ 
AL Tp 


| 
"DINING RM 


ae ea 
1 


ie ties 
| 


~ VERANDA: 
& 


Mev Ch 


-DED-RM: et DED RM: 
10 x13:€ FA op ext. 


WALL 


CL C L grit 


| Roor -Dro-RM: {Dro RM 


Weedoee 9x12 
CL 


Fig. 6—First eee plan 


Fig. 8—First floor plan 


Fig. 7—Second floor plan 


-DED-RM 


11:6" 16" 


Fig. 9—Second floor plan 


LANDING, 


Fig. 10O—A porch is quite essential 


LIVING 2M 
12=©x4A5 


Fig. |2—First floor plan 


AND GARDENS 433 


NII 


Is) 
LD 10x1¢ 


"0 CELLAR, 


Fig. 13—Second floor plan Fig. 15—First floor plan Fig. 16—Second floor plan 


p 
m 
+ | aon oe le OU HAL, (OesI2 
=i 4 Oo 6x12 
om ~VERANPA~ aw 
0 = 
0 


Fig. 17—A stucco and shingled house Fig. 18—First floor plan Fig. 19—Second floor plan 


Y 
Hy Dinic-Rn- | 
| itexi4 


Fig. 8—Finst floor plan 


Fig. 7—Second floor plan 


Fig. 9—Second floor plan 


AMERICAN HOM 


Fig. 12—First floor plan 


Fig. 1O—A porch is quite essential 


ES AND 


GARDENS 


Fig. 13—Second floor plan 


Grdup 
of 


Modern 


Houses 


at 
Nutley, 
New Jersey 


Costing from 


$1,000 
to 
$5,000 


Fig. 17—A stucco and shingled house 


Fig. 14—A combination of materials 


Ss 
ria DININGRM. 
o 1Oxtl<© 2x14. 


"dau! Livine Rn. 
Afi! 105€ x14. 


pelea 

naa ae 

LE den SEAT 
“SEAT 


{ 


RAN Di 
Ene) 


IMAL: (012° 


@xi2 


~VERANyA~ 


Fig. 18—First floor plan 


Devon. 
Oxtt Hears) 


Fig. 16—Second floor plan 


——3 


Fig. 19—Second floor plan 


434 


expenditure, the to- 
tal sweeps on with 
a quite amazing ra- 
pidity and increase 
of proportion. 

The good small 
house, that is, the 
house that is en- 
tirely adequate for 
modern needs and 
for every one’s ne- 
cessities, is, there- 
fore, a comparative 
rarity. It is often 
positively scarce, 
particularly when 
one is searching for 
it; for even when 
found, there will, as 
likely as not, be rea- 
sons why it is not 
exactly available. It 
may not, for exam- 
ple, be in precisely 
in the same neigh- 
borhood one de- 
sires; it may not be 
precisely the thing 
sought; or it may 
be so very good 
that there is sure to 
be something better. 
There are always a 
multitude of reasons 
for not taking a 
house, just as there 
are often many rea- 
sons for doing so. 
Fortunately, it is not 
my present purpose 
to hunt out houses 
for any one in par- 
ticular, nor for a 
given group; but I 
esteem it a pleasure 
and a good fortune 
to be able to say a 
word or two con- 
cerning a new group 
of houses of very 
moderate cost, built 
at Nutley, N. J. 

To build a mod- 
ern house that will 
cost not more than 
from one thousand 
to five thousand dol- 
lars is an accom- 
plishment which 
very few architects 
and owners have as 


yet been able toy, 


carry out to a suc- 
cessful end. But 
that it is possible to 
do so and do so in 
a very agreeable and 
charming way, is de- 
lightfully shown in 
the group of houses 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Fig. 21—An agreeable grouping of roof, dormer and porch 


November, 1909 


illustrated in this 
article. They were 
all designed by one 
architect, Mr. Will- 
iam A. Lambert, of 
New York, who has 
certainly most clear- 
ly demonstrated, in 
these examples, the 
highly important 
truth that it is pos- 
sible for almost 
everyone to have a 
house of his own. 
Cost is, of course, 
the most essential 
element in the whole 
problem, although 
other matters must 
be considered. If 
one is not able to 
purchase a home 
outright, there are 
questions of ways 
and means to be con- 
sidered which every 
one must solve in his 
own individual way. 
But moderateness of 
cost is, for most peo- 
ple, the first and 
chief consideration, 
and the value of 
these houses at Nut- 
ley, as illustrations 
of what has been 
done in one locality 
in a thoroughly ex- 
cellent way, is very 
pronounced. 
Another impor- 
tant factor should 
be borne in mind in 
considering houses 
of moderate price, 
and that is that the 
thousand- dollar 
house can not have 
the ornamental as- 
pect nor possess the 
interior convenien- 
ces of the five thou- 
sand-dollar house. 
It is most essential 
to keep this in mind, 
for many house-pur- 
chasers, I fear, ex- 
pect to get as much 
for a thousand dol- 
lars as one’s neigh- 
bor has obtained for 
five times this 
amount. If this were 
possible, why build 
any five thousand- 
dollar houses at all? 
The really impor- 
tant fact is that the 
thousand-dollar 
house may be a 


November, 1909 


home, and a real 
one, to which one 
may add from time 
to time as circum- 
stances or means 
may suggest. 

All of these 
houses are beauti- 
fully situated on a 
hilltop overlooking 
the surrounding 
country. They are 
well built, with 
stucco or shingled 
exteriors,* while in 
some both — stucco 
and shingles are 
used in combina- 
tion. The shingle- 
work is treated 
with — shingle-stain, 
and the flat exterior 
woodwork is 
painted with two 
coats of lead and oil. 

The interiors are 
stained in brown, 
green and Flemish, 
and are finished with 
a dull wax finish for 
the principal rooms, 
and hard oil finish 
for the other rooms. 
All the walls are 
covered with artis- 
tic paper. 

Each house has a 
reception-hall, liv - 
ing-room, __ dining- 
room, butler’s pan- 
try and kitchen on 
the first floor, and 
from three to four 
bedrooms and a 
bathroom on the sec. 
ond floor, according 
to the cost of the 
dwelling. Each 
third floor has 
one servant’s bed- 
room and ample 
space that they may 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 435 


DINING: 2 M- 


112©x11:¢ 


Fig. 23—First floor plan of Fig. 22 


be finished for other rooms when desired. The bathrooms 
are tiled and are provided with porcelain fixtures and ex- 
posed nickelplated plumbing. 

In so numerous a group a considerable variety is pro- 
vided in the interior treatment. Thus, one house will have 


a staircase of the 
Mission type, with 
oak railings, newels 
and window-seats, 
lighted with a 
stained-glass win- 
dow on the landing. 
In another, the stair- 
case is of yellow 
pine. In one house 
the living-room has 
a fireplace of golden 
mottled pressed 
brick with a mantel- 
shelf; the dining- 
room has china- 
closets built-in, and 
a plate-rail around 
the room. In the 
more expensive 
houses the trim is 
chestnut, with the 
exception of the 
kitchen and_bed- 
room, which are fin. 
ished with cypress. 
In the other houses 
the trim is cypress. 
The kitchens of the 
various houses have 
acloset,a lobby large 
enough for an ice- 
box, white enameled 
sink, laundry-tubs 
and a range. Each 
cellar has a cemen- 
ted bottom and con- 
tains a hot-air fur- 
nace and fuel-room. 
All the houses are 
thoroughly equipped 
with hot and cold 
water, gas, clothes- 
poles and _ screens 
for the windows, 
and each plot is 
nicely pathed and 
graded. Naturally 
enough, the house 
Fig. 24—Second floor plan of Fig. 22 costing but a thou- 
sand dollars, while 
built and finished in a substantial manner, does not include 
the finish or conveniences that are provided in the more ex- 
pensive house. But each one is an excellent type of its kind, 
and not only offer interesting subjects of study, but promise 
to be admirably adapted to the comforts of a real home. 


436 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


Bedroom Window Curtaining 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


HE curtaining of windows gives an inde- 
scribable charm and finish to either bed- 
room or sitting-room, and too much 
thought and care can not be given to this 
all-important choice. It isnot necessary that 
something new should be found, but it is 
of importance that whatever we get should 

be suitable to the surroundings. 

While nothing is better for sash-curtains than sheer mate- 
rials of cream or white against the glass, we are by no means 
restricted in our choice for inner curtains, and these should 
add color value to each room. In the quest for something 
new, we are too apt to overlook the good old standbys that 
have been with us for so long, and a reminder of many of 
their good qualities should not be out of place. 

Twenty-five years ago Java prints could be obtained in 
many colors and designs, and, although they have under- 
gone little change, they have outlived other curtains many 
times their cost. ‘The designs printed on them do not fade 
with countless washings, nor with year after year’s exposure 
to the sun. 

Our illustration of a corner of a bedroom shows a Java 


A new cretonne 


A handsome design 


print curtain that has been in use for many years. The 
groundwork is of ivory-white and the Eastern palm-leaf 
design is in reds and yellows. ‘The lower part of the curtain 
has a dado effect, repeating the colors of the upper part of 
the curtain. The cream cotton groundwork does not hinder 
the light from pervading the room, and yet a charming touch 
of color is added by using such a curtain. The pattern in 
the wall-paper repeats the red and yellow of the curtain, and 
the rug also has the same color scheme. Java-print curtains 
are not confined to the Eastern designs, as floral motifs are 
frequently to be found, espcially among the blue and white 
ones. ‘They are very useful for draperies in summer cot- 
tages, as they can be utilized in the downstairs rooms with 
excellent results. “They are sold in greens, yellows or blues, 
and rich warm colors, and yet the groundwork is invariably 
pale coffee color, ivory, or white. ‘Table-covers can usually 
be obtained to match the curtains. 

Closely allied to Java prints are the cretonnes which 
possess the rich coloring of the Orient. The rich blues, 
reds and yellows of this cretonne can not be equalled for 
draperies, in a handsome bedroom furnished in mahogany. 
It is ideal for draping a four-poster and for inner curtains, 


Stnped muslin with appliqué of cretonne 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


437 


Bedroom with Java print curtains 


and comes in admirably for covering furniture, especially 
for high-back winged chairs. With such a voyant design, 
it is essential that the walls are plain, and these could either 
be yellow, blue or écru. A delicate stripe, devoid of pattern, 
could also be used in conjunction with such a cretonne. It 
can be used for slip-covers, for sitting-rooms, its strong, rich 
coloring blending with the Oriental rugs, when the striped 
Holland slip-covers would give a dreary unfurnished appear- 
ance to the room. 

There are several good cretonnes of this character to be 
found this season. ‘The trouble is, we are apt to overlook 
them and select something in their place entirely without 
character. 

Madras curtains need no introduction, but they are not 
sufficiently used, considering their artistic qualities. They 
fall in such soft folds and yet possess the richness of color of 
a heavy-lined curtain. The madras illustrated shows a 
blue and green design on a coffee-colored ground, not a 
common combination of coloring. Such curtains could be 
used in bedrooms or in sitting-rooms in the country. They 
are admirably adapted for curtaining long hall windows, 
and give the effect of stained-glass without the glare of the 
uncovered window. ‘They can be purchased by the pair, and 
the designs are almost always of the best. In country homes 
we often have opportunity for a daring color-scheme, and, 
while there are numerous wall-papers of strong design, there 
are very few draperies that can be used in conjunction with 
them. 

The conventional thistle in striped effect is one of the 
new cretonnes and could be converted into an appliqué for 
a plain curtain. It comes in several color-schemes, but each 


A novel curtain 


one is strong and dominant. One of the outside stripes 
could be run down the side of each curtain, and the cross- 
bar with the thistle across, and above it, could be used on 
the bottom of the curtain after they had been cut out from 
the background. 

A group of five thistle-heads could be used for a chair- 
seat, or for a pillow, by cutting them out of the cretonne 
and not altering the design, but retaining the connecting- 
stems and cross-bar. The outline must be held in place by 
embroidery, which would act as a much better foil than the 
tiresome background of the cretonne. 

Bobinet is another unfailing standby, but is ‘“‘rehashed”’ 
each year with something new. One of the late arrivals 
shows the bobinet with an appliqué of cretonne and braid. 
The cretonne rose has been cut out and applied to the 
bobinet, and all is held in place by a narrow appliqué cord 
applied with the sewing machine. Strength is given to the 
edge by the braid border. Such a curtain could be used in 
practically any room, and yet is inexpensive when the labor 
of making them is taken into consideration. 

The same idea has been carried out in the cheap striped 
muslin curtain. The cretonne rose and stripe has been 
applied to the muslin and is held in place by a narrow white 
cord. The curtain is bound at the edge by a braid of crochet 
effect. Such a pair of curtains can be bought for less than 
$3.00 and yet would add a distinctive touch to any bedroom. 
The idea could be carried out at home by buying a striped 
cretonne that harmonizes with the wall-paper and would be 
pleasant and easy to make. Braid is very much in evidence 
in the new curtains. ‘They are not difficult to launder and 
have excellent wearing qualities. : 


438 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


The Beauty and Economy of Stucco 


By John A. Gade 


HAT to do with an old country-place—a 
@) 2 ; 
tumbled-down brick farmhouse, a_time- 
worn, weather-beaten barn, an old shingled 
or clapboarded frame structure? It is a 
question that faces us frequently, as we 
turn over in our mind whether we can save 
it at all, or how best to protect or rejuve- 
nate the hopeless looking exterior walls of the cottage we 
would fain picture as a future modest home. Stucco the 
walls. It is the answer to the question. You obtain the 
best results, and, in the long run, also the 
cheapest and most durable ones. What- 
ever the outside finish of your old 
building may be, whether 
stone, brick, clapboards, 
shingles, or novelty siding, 
the stucco may be sur- 
faced, and, if properly 
put on, with almost 
equal success. And 
putting it on does 
not necessitate large 
quantities of expen- 
Siivie mina ter! a lus, 
trained and _ skilled 
labor—simply the 
care and knowledge 
of how to place it 
properly. With the 
assistance of a will- 
ing farmhand, you 
might yourself 
stucco your building, 
especially if you 
practised upon small 
surfaces and sam- 
ples on the walls of 
some doomed shed. 
Your “first. im- 
pulse, upon looking 
over your structure, is 
to calculate the cost of 
making the walls tight to 
wind and weather and of a 
more seemly appearance. 
The mortar has loosened and 
fallen out from the joints of the 
old bricks, or the shingles have rotted, 
or the clapboards look as devoid of paint 
as an old stump in a bog. It will cost 
you quite a little in mason labor and painting to renovate; 
and carpenter labor and material, too, if the structure, as 
probably is the case, is of wood, and in the end you have a 
patched appearance. You had far better take the bull by 
the horns and stucco it once for all. To paint the house 
properly takes three coats of paint, which really will count 
only as two, as the old neglected and dried surfaces will 
practically suck up the first coat, it thus merely acting as 
priming. Painting will cost you about a cent per square 
foot for each coat of paint every five or six years, the 
intervening time depending upon the exposure of your house 
and the quality and expense of paint you employ, and you 


The old porch is retained with Colonial dignity 


will have to repaint and restain, as well as reshingle, some- 
what less frequently. 

If your problem is somewhat different, if you have, for 
instance, an old wooden house you are thinking of shing- 
ling, you will find that shingling it costs about ten cents a 
square foot, staining the shingles three, or your total thir- 
teen. ‘The stucco, put on in the very best manner, will cost 
about seventeen cents a square foot, or about one and a half 
times as much. If you are thinking of building a new 
country house and are in doubt as to the relative expense 

of finishing the outside with stucco or shingles, 

you will find the same proportion holds 
true. Say you propose building a 
cottage to cost you not more 
than six thousand dollars. 

Its exterior side surfacing 

may, if shingled, cost 

four hundred; if stuc- 
coed, six hundred. In 

ten-years’ time you 
have more than 
saved the additional 
two hundred in 
paint, in carpentry, 
and in general tight- 
ness and appearance. 
At the very outset 
it looks better, es- 
pecially where econ- 
omy was the main 
consideration, and 
your exterior wood- 
work could not be 
of the best. 

On the other 
hand, what is the 
life of stucco and 
what are its defects? 
We do not definitely 

know its life or last- 
ing qualities. We do 
know that where it was 
properly and _ carefully 

veneered on _ buildings, 
some twelve or fifteen years 
ago, it is stronger and finer- 
looking to-day than the day it was 
put on. And this is reasonable, for the 
older cement or concrete grows, the 
harder, the more impervious to weather, 
and the more Jike a natural rather than an artificial stone 
surfacing it should become. Where it cracks and crumbles 
and one which builders will make much of, but which is very 
obvious reason—the principal one being the use of improper 
wire or metal lath, lath either of incorrect material or not 
well bedded in the cement, so that it has rusted, and the 
stucco naturally fallen away from it. To all intents and pur- 
poses, stucco will stand forever if the lath does not rust out. 

“Tow to mix it and how to apply it”—there is the secret, 
and one which builders will make much of but which is very 
simple. Stucco is nothing more nor less than cement plas- 
tering and a method of preservation which has been in use 


SRA scse 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The house before the alteration 


for generations where the cost of a true stone or concrete 
wall was prohibitive. 

If you have made up your mind before building your 
little cottage to stucco its exterior walls, do not permit your 
builder to make the framing braced. On the contrary, you 
want a balloon frame, with as few and as short horizontal 
studs as possible. Next, the sheathing had best be nailed 
horizontally, it takes but little additional trouble and means 
much in later cracks. Then, whatever you are covering, 
an old building or a new house, take care that there are 
around your door and window openings proper members of 
sufficiently wide projections to receive the total projection 
of furring, lath and stucco. If there are trims around the 


Hl Hi ea 


outsides of openings, they must project at least two and one- 
half inches. If you propose carrying your stucco around 
and inside the openings, back to your frames, and save the 
expense of the trims, your sill and frames must be heavy 
enough to take the finishing stucco. 

On a new building, cover your diagonally nailed sheathing 
with two or three thicknesses of roofing-paper. On these, 
as well as directly on the old siding of the old building, 
should be nailed wooden furring strips. [hese should have 
a beveled section “A,” and should be run horizontally. The 
wooden surface nearest the lath and plaster has purposely 
been cut as small as possible, giving the least wooden sur- 
face for the absorption of water from the stucco and con- 


The house after the transformation 


Le TEL 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 


The rear of the house showing the studio end of it 


sequent shrinkage and cracking. ‘The lath, which is to grip 
and hold the stucco, is nailed on to the furring strips. 
Wooden lath should be considered out of the question for 
exterior work. In the long run, the surfacing will invariably 
fall off of it. Expanded metal lath, and there is an infinite 
variety of it, has been used very extensively, but it is not to 
be recommended. It is advertised as the very best backing 
for our work—it is advertised specially covered with anti- 
rust solutions, to easily embed itself in the plaster, to key 
quickly and have no sharp edges to shear the plaster, as well 
as by its corrugation to provide against contraction and ex- 


First floor plan 


pansion and avert cracking. Far better than expanded metal 
lath is a good galvanized wire lath. Naturally it comes in 
many different grades as well as varying mesh, but relatively 
valued, it ought to cost about twenty-three cents per yard, 
as against twenty cents for expanded metal lath of about 
the same grade. Be certain that the wire is galvanized; 
No. 20 gauge is good, No. 18 best of all. It must further 
be rigidly tacked to the furring strips. Builders generally 
prefer, for convenience and economy of time, to tack the 
wire mesh on vertically; it should, however, be tacked on 
horizontally, lapped at the joint at least three inches. If 


+ SITTING Ram: 


13:0" 13: a 


Second floor plan 


November, 1909 


the surface of the stucco cracks, it 
naturally cracks at the joints of the 
sheets of metal mesh. If these come 
horizontally, moisture striking the 
outside of a building and running 
down the surface is not so liable to 
get behind the stucco and rot it as it 
would in the case of a vertical crack. 
Stucco itself should be put on in 
three coats, although merely two are 
frequently used. The first two coats 
should be put on, one directly after 
the other, the second while the first 
is still wet, so that the two will dry 
together in one hard body. ‘The 
scratch coat, which should be applied 
about half an inch thick, should be 
pressed to a certain extent through 
the openings of the wire lath so that 
this becomes completely embedded 
and covered. The best mixture for 
it is five parts Portland cement, 
twelve parts clean coarse sand and 
three parts lime and long clean hair. 
As it is finished it is scratched and 
roughened by a small, tooth-nailed 
board on a convenient wooden handle, 
the trowel or a stick. Then the sec- 
ond coat, about three-fourths inch thick, is applied, mixed 
one part Portland cement, three parts sand and one part 
lime-paste. When the two first coats have set well and are 
thoroughly dry, apply the final coat. The surface below 
should be splashed and wet by the brush as the finish coat 
is applied, to give a good grip to the whole mass. ‘The mix- 
ture of the finishing coat depends, to a certain extent, upon 
what color or surface is desired. One part shell-lime to two 
parts marble-dust laid on either smooth or rough cast gives 
excellent effects. Instead of the sand, you can get a very 
fine appearance to your final coat by using finely broken 
shell. Shell-lime in your finishing coat is likewise excellent. 


The fireplace and Dutch ovens of the old house 
are retained in the studio 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


441 


The dining-room has paneled walls in white and salmon 


The finishing coat should be put on about one-half inch thick. 
How to apply it depends upon what appearance you wish. 
As a general rule, a rough surfacing is far preferable to a 
smooth one. ‘The small “hair cracks’ which appear here 
and there after the whole has set, will, with a rough surface, 
become invisible; added to this, any outside stains made by 
weather or by a leaking leader do not appear as ugly streaks 
and blotches, but blend into the general outside roughness 
and uneven coloring. Color should be used very sparingly: 
the pink, ocher and green color so frequently met with on 
the outside walls of the villages of Mediterranean countries 
may look very well in their picturesque setting and amid 


aa 


The gallery extends around three sides 
of the studio 


442 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


their neighbors, but 
when copying their 
color-schemes here 
turn out exotic and 
garnish. A dish-rag 
gray is as safe a 
color as can be used. 
Whether a_ little 
lamp-black or other 
coloring is used, it 
should be thor- 
oughly incorporated 
in the mixture of 
the finish coat. In 
southern climes the 
coloring is merely 
water-color, put on 
like our kalsomine 
with a brush, and 
renewed whenever 
the outside becomes 
too shabby. 

A smooth finish 
coat is produced 
outside in similar 
manner to the finish 
coat of plaster in- 
side a room, by 
smoothing with a wooden float. A fine rough surface, also 
called “‘spatterdash,” ts procured by throwing the surfacing 
on with a trowel or a large, stiff-filbered brush. This takes 
some degree of skill on the part of the mason. A “‘pebble- 
dash” finish with little pebbles in the outside surface should 
not have its pebbles over a quarter of an inch in diameter. 
Carefully selecting nice white ones on the beach will give 
a very beautiful appearance. 

Before settling on your color, make a number of samples 
of different shades and ditterent finishes—they cost nothing, 
and you will soon see how the smoothness or roughness of 
the infinite number of little shadows cast by the rough 
projections of the surface effect the general tone. Re- 
member that the color looks somewhat different in a 


SUE 


The dining-room is carried out in the Colonial style 


November, 1909 


larger surface from 
that in a small one, 
and that the color 
becomes lighter and 
lighter as it dries 
thoroughly, and, 
again, that the 
weathering will 
make it somewhat 
darker as it grows 
older. 

Do not let the 
finish coat dry too 
quickly, or it will 
crack. A gradual 
setting is always 
the best. If you are 
obliged to put it on 
during the summer 
season and a blister- 
ing hot day is suck- 
ing the water too 
rapidly out of it, 
hang damp old sails 
or burlap in front 
of such portions as 
are drying. Only 
lay out an amount 
that can be covered in the time you have at your disposal, 
not leaving off in the center of a plain surface unbroken by 
angles or wooden projections. If you employ a mortar 
with no lime in it, such as many masons prefer, remember 
this takes longer to dry than that to which the lime has been 
added. 

The house used to illustrate this article very ably expresses 
the economic use of stucco as a means in remodeling and 
transforming an old house. Mr. C. La Verne Butler, hav- 
ing found himself possessed of an old farmhouse at South 
Framingham, Massachusetts, saw the possibilities it pos- 
sessed and immediately took up the task of its transforma- 
tion with the excellent results shown in the photograph 
herewith presented. 


Poe pO Ue | Walter Karl Pleolhner 


Nae 


RWS 
eS AN 


yt havsca ; = Diy 
| lee 


November, 1909 


or professional. In 
it we may see the 
commencement of a 
system which threat- 
ens to revolutionize 
gardening methods 
in all civilized coun- 
tries. Of course, 
the idea is not new; 
for years it has been 
followed by _ the 
gardeners of Paris, 
but it has always 
been regarded as a 
makeshift policy 
rendered necessary 
by the peculiar con- 
ditions under which 
the Frenchmen pur- 
sue their occupa- 
tions. The market 
gardens of the gay 
capital press much 
more closely to the 
heart of the me- 
tropolis than is the 
case with most of 
our cities. As a 
consequence, land is 
expensive and diff- 
cult to obtain, so 
that the owner who 
followed the ordi- 
nary methods could 
not hope to get a 
suficient return 
from his property. 
Necessity, as is so 
often the case, has 
stimulated the in- 
ventive genius, and 
the growers have 
evolved a_ system 
whch has put them 
in a position that ts 
the admiration of 
the world. 

At the present 
time it is of value 
to consider the 
merits of the French 
method of garden- 


of the horticultural year has been the estab- 
lishment of the novel garden at Thatcham, 
England, which bids fair to become world- 
The fruit and vegetable farm is 
of interest, owing to the fact that it is 
owned and managed by ladies, and is in 
itself a striking evidence of what a body of enterpris- 
ing women can accomplish. ‘This is only a half of the im- 
portance of the experiment, for the subject is one which 
commands the attention of all gardeners, whether amateur 


famous. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


A Farming Experiment by Women 


By S. Leonard Bastin 


Tending the lettuce under the bell glasses 


A consultation with the French gardener 


443 


ing. The point of the whole idea consists in the employ- 
ment of every square inch of land which is available. 
That they do this to some purpose is best evidenced by the 
value of the ground—a matter which is, of course, reg- 


ulated by its productive capabilities. For comparison, two 


circles were taken, one in London and another of the same 
size in Paris. When the statistics from the two circumfer- 
ences were placed side by side, it appeared that the British 
center was an agricultural desert when compared to the 
French area. Whereas, in the former, garden land was rented 


at ten or fifteen dollars an acre, in the latter, ground com- 
a 


manded a rental 
which, in cases, was 
as much as two hun- 
dred and fifty dol- 
lars. This even 
though the climate 
and situation are al- 
most identical for 
all practical pur- 
poses. After all, the 
secret of this aston- 
ishing state of af- 
fairs is not a very 
great mystery, or 
one which can not 
be easily explained. 
From the first mo- 
ment when the 
French gardener 
takes his land in 
hand, the one aim 
of his existence is to 
enrich the ground to 
such an extent that 
things will simply 
“grow like magic.” 
Of course, it takes 
some years to bring 
the plot up to the 
highest state of per- 
fection, but in an ac- 
tual case which came 
under notice three- 
quarters of an acre 
was in a few months 
yielding as much as 
three acres would 
under ordinary 
treatment! Thus, at 
the end of a year it 
it was found that a 
piece of land one 
acre in extent, would 
be yielding produce 
worth over three 
thousand dollars a 
year—a truly mar- 
velous result. 

In the French sys- 
tem all the old- 
fashioned methods 
of digging, trench- 


444 


ing and the like are 
entirely discarded. 
At the start, the 
Parisian gardener 
only makes it his 
business to attend to 


the top soil. This 
is continually mixed 
with short stable 


manure until it has 
quite changed color 
and is as black as 
coal. When the up- 
per soil is in a suit- 
able state it is 
cleared away, and a 
layer or two of ma- 
nure in various 
stages of decompo- 
~ sition is placed on 
the ground —t his 
being finally covered 
in with the enriched 
mold. Thus, under 
the fine black mold, 
you have layers of 
other soil in different grades, which, when the surface spread- 
ing is exhausted, will take its place. Mark, too, the important 
fact that the layers serve the purpose of a universal hot- 
bed, embracing every foot of the land. After all this work 
it is no wonder that the land becomes of immense value, 
so much so that around Paris every gardener will have a 
clause in his lease providing that he shall be allowed to 
carry away eighteen inches of soil when his tenancy shall 
come to an end. Indeed, it is considered to be an excellent 
dowry for a daughter to grant her the right to the soil from 
a few rods of land. 

When the land has been changed to the requisite degree 
of richness, the time for planting has arrived. First of all, 
however, it is necessary to obtain a supply of the cloches or 
bell-glasses which form such a characteristic feature of 
the French gardens. 
As well, it is usual to 
have a number of 
frames, but it is 
noteworthy that the 
gardener will make 
all his own wood 
appliances. In order 
to protect the plants 
in the frames on 
cold nights, a qual- 
ity of rye-grass mats 
are needed, but 
these are very inex- 
pensive. In all, the 
outlay is really as- 
tonishingly little, 
when compared with 
the profits which are 
derived from the 
garden. In the lay- 
ing out of the land 
every bit of ground 
is taken into ac- 
count, even the 
paths leading be- 
tween the frames 
being cut down to 


AMERICAN HOMES 


Bell glasses are constantly used in French intensive culture 


Bell glasses are applied to the lettuce as soon as it is planted 


AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


the smallest possible 
width. The usual 
crops for cultivation 
under the cloches 
are lettuces,  car- 
rots and the like, 
five plants being al- 
lotted to each glass. 
In the frames will 
be placed melons 
and cucumbers, and 
other plants requir- 
ing more room. As 
well, at times of the 
year when such 
crops would be prof- 
itable, radishes and 
other salads will find 
a place in the gar- 
den, no space being 
allowed to remain 
idle for any time. 
Even between the 
cloches the patches 
of ground are made 
to support the har- 
dier kinds of lettuce or other crops. Hard-headed gar- 
deners have laughed incredulously at the temperatures which 
the French growers declare that they get in their frames 
without any heat other than that arising from the beds. 
The best answer to give to these sceptical folk is, if possible, 
to get them to see the system for themselves in its work- 
ings. It will then be shown that it is perfectly simple to 
obtain a temperature of eighty degrees or even more in a 
frame by this method at almost any time of the year. 

The success of the newly established garden at Thatcham 
is the best proof of the fact that the question of climate 
and soil is a small matter where the French system is em- 
ployed. The land which has been rented for the carrying 
out of the experiment is a bare stretch of country in an 
exposed situation, whilst the quality of the ground is of a 
most ordinary na- 
ture. The enter- 
prising ladies who 
took up the farm 
contracted for the 
right to use several 
large fields covering 
in all many acres. 
By far the greater 
portion of the estate 
has either been sub- 
let, or is standing as 
pasture, simply be- 
cause 1t is mon 
wanted. On the acre 
of land which has 
been brought under 
cultivation there has 
been found a sufh- 
cient source of em- 
ployment for those 
at work on _ the 
farm. At the start 
it was decided that 
it would be wise to 
have the constant 
advice of a skilled 
man, and one of the 


November, 1909 


clever Parisian gar- 
deners was induced 
to come and take 
over the control of 
the farm. Under his 
guidance the rough 
patch of land was 
speedily trans- 
formed into a rep- 
lica of the gardens 
with which visitors 
to the French capi- 
tal are familiar. 
Owing to the some- 
what open situation 
the plot of ground 
has been fenced 
around with galvan- 
ized iron _palings, 
but this would not 
be needful in shel- 
tered places. From 
the commencement 
it has been the desire 
of the principals to 
copy the system 


in its entirety, and one of the ladies informed the writer 
with just pride that everything that could be made had been 
All the assistants and students 
are at once initiated into the mysteries of frame-making, 


manufactured on the spot. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Hot beds covered with straw mats 


445 


culture of the land, 
it may be mentioned 
that more than a 
dozen ladies find 
continuous employ- 
ment on this piece 
of ground. Of 
course, the labor 
consists in planting, 
watering and venti- 
lating the crops— 
the latter a very im- 
portant item. 

It may be pointed 
out that the French 
system which has 
been described 
above is of special 
interest at the pres- 
ent time when the 
cry of “back to the 
land” is so much to 
the fore. Many 
people, tired of a 
city life, would find 
a healthful and re- 


munerative occupation in the “‘cloche” method of culture. 
It is from almost every point of view well adapted to the 
small grower, and the person who shrinks at the re- 
sponsibilities involved in the farming of a large tract of 


glazing and painting—the quality of the work which they country. As well, many estate owners would find that to 


turn out showing 
that girls are not 
lacking in the abil- 
ities to do this spe- 
cial kind of work. 
Only a few months 
after the starting of 
the farm at That- 
cham the daily aver- 
age of lettuces de- 
spatched was as high 
as six hundred in 
addition to a large 
amount of other 
produce. This was 
in the early part of 
the year, just when 
all kinds of salads 
command the high- 
est price, and the 
financial outcome of 
the proceedings was 
all that could be de- 
sired. As showing 
how intensive is the 


adopt the system on 
a portion of their 
ground would much 
add to the resources 
of the kitchen gar- 
den, a hitherto un- 
expected supply of 
out of season fruits 
and vegetables be- 
ing rendered _ possi- 
ble. In all ways 
the matter is one 
which should com- 
mand the attention 
of those who are 
interested in horti- 
culture. 

But although the 
work is compara- 
tively light, do not 
imagine it to be 
“easy.” No farm 
or garden work is. 
But it can often be 
lightened. 


446 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Four California Bungalows 


By Kate Greenleaf Locke 


St) HE first American bungalow was built 
¥ in California and grew out of my wish 
for a house, which, being all on one 
floor, would simplify the problem of 
housekeeping. 

I remember that my desire reached 
out for something long and low and 
spreading; I had an instinctive feeling that the conform- 
ation of the landscape and the growth of trees and 
shrubbery called for a building of this style of archi- 
tecture, and the little box-like house which twenty years 
ago represented the home of moderate cost in this 
beautiful semi-tropical region did not appeal to me. 

In a land where the fig, the orange and the olive 
tree furnished a picturesque and romantic foliage, where 
broad-leaved tropical plants grew abundantly and with- 
out coaxing, and where sunlight and moonlight wove 
each an individual enchantment unlike any other sun- 
light or moonlight, I had a conviction that something 
should be evolved architecturally which would be com- 
mensurate in artistic and picturesque suggestion with this 
setting and environment. 

The elongated lines, the low-pitched roof and the 
broad eaves of the bungalow of India seemed to fur- 
nish forth the idea that I needed. It was by virtue 
of its oddity absolutely removed from all that was 
commonplace, it held the simple lines which were appro- 
priate to an inexpensive house in a new country, and it 


G («( Nee 
‘(eam & ea 


y 


i? 


Bungalow No. |. 


The simplest type. 


November, 1909 


Cost, $1200. 


other houses costing five times as much, or perhaps more. 
In the light of these recent changes it is clear that the 
man with a small salary, and even the laboring man, may, 


permitted a vast deal of variation on the original theme in 
its construction. 
In order to appreciate the superior value, artistically 


speaking, of the bungalow we have but to contrast the inex- 


pensive houses here pictured 
with the small house costing 
from two to four thousand dol- 
lars built a score of years ago. 
Twenty years back, when a man 
had but two thousand dollars to 
put into the building of his 
house, he resigned himself to 
one without architectural value ; 
he attempted no special beauty 
of line in its construction and 
aimed merely to put a roof 
over his head. 

An architect in those days 
was seldom employed to design 
a cheap building, and the man 
himself would have been aghast 
at the thought of attempting to 
compete with his wealthy neigh- 
bors in’ the intrinsic beauty of 
his house. 

It had not at that time en- 
tered into the calculations of 
the man of moderate means 
that he could live beautifully if 
he chose to do so, and that he 
could have a house built on 
artistic lines which would 
compare favorably with many 


GRASS COURT 


Brick PORCH 


BED Room 


Z/VING ROOM 


SS 
DINING ROOM | 


| es WZ 
OOM 


BED ROOM 
| Co. ICLo. 


Floor plan of Bungalow No. | 


if it please him, cherish ideas as to the architecture of his 


house. The introduction of 
the bungalow-cottage as a 
feature of modern building has 
undoubtedly largely influenced 
this result, for it has spread 
from California to the Atlantic 
coast, and many _ suburban 
houses throughout the United 
States, as well as summer 
homes in the mountains and 
beside the sea, are assuming 
this form. 

There are certain features 
which are inevitable in the 
house which qualifies as a bun- 
galow, and a certain atmos- 
phere which is as necessary to 
distinguish it as that with which 
an artist seeks to pervade his 
canvas; it can sink easily in its 
cheaper form into an ordinary 
cabin or be built, with more 
money and less artistic instinct, 
into a commonplace (though, 
perhaps, expensive) house. 
Thus, it will be seen that there 
is a necessity for a realization 
of just what these features are 
and in what lies the charm 


November, 1909 


Dining-room of Bungalow No. | 


which constitutes this atmosphere, if we are to evolve the 
bungalow in the completeness of its beautiful possibilities 
from our present architecture. 

In attempting to define these characteristics I should say 
that they are invariably a rustic finish; casement windows 
which are interesting variations on the French, English (or 
Georgian) and Dutch types; wide eaves, sometimes heavily 
beamed; an avoidance of turned-work and a frequent use 
of lattice-work and flat slats in grilles and railings. And 
whether the porches are wide and shady, or whether they 
are terraced and protected merely by awnings, they receive 
a direct simplicity of treatment which is only saved from 
crudeness by a high artistic instinct in the handling. The 
ornamentation is never “‘stuck on” after the design is com- 
plete, as was the fashion a few years ago, when jig-saw work 
and ginger-bread incrustations disfigured many of the 
cheaper class of buildings, but the elemental materials of 
which the structure is composed are so applied in the design 
as to evoke beauty. 

The bungalow owes its distinction from the ordinary 
cottage to the fact that with all of its 
ramifications in porches, patios and per- 
golas it yet retains a certain solidity. It 
is as if the design were hewn from a single 
block and it should always have the effect 
of a harmoniously welded mass in con- 
trast to the style of structure which is light 
and scattering. 

Illustration of bungalow number 1 is 
an example of the crudest form that this 
type of house assumes. It is a bungalow 
pure and simple, retaining in its wide 
eaves, its squat shape and plain lines the 
character of the East-Indian bungalow 
which is its prototype. In it we have an 
opportunity to enjoy to the full the sur- 
prise which gives a charm to these houses, 
for in viewing the outside the unitiated 
would naturally conclude that so plain a 
dwelling would, in its interior, be dull and 
uninteresting, perhaps, also cramped and 
stuffy in its effect. When, therefore, one 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


re 
a 
is ushered into a living-room which is 20 a 
x 22 feet in size, which has a floor of dark Ne 


polished wood laid with Oriental rugs, 
which glows with soft, rich colors and is 


447 


filled with a pervading sense of beauty and 
luxury, the surprise is almost startling. 

In this living-room the fireplace is al- 
coved on a raised platform and much of 
the unusual attractiveness of the room is 
due to this feature. The entire alcove is 
faced in below the row of leaded case- 
ment windows—set with amber crinkled 
glass—with large square tiles of terra-cotta 
held in place with great, hand-wrought 
icon nails. The mantel-shelf is painted 
black to correspond with all of the wood- 
work throughout the house, and over the 
chimney-breast between the windows is set 
a mirror of heavy French plate. 

Above the black wood wainscoting of 
the walls is cartridge paper in warm yel- 
low-tan, and the wood ceiling—tongued 
and grooved—is finished in new mahogany. 
There are many pieces of handsome 
mahogany mingled with wicker and Hong 
Kong chairs in the room, and _ the 
couches and cushions and easy-chairs are 
covered with East-Indian cotton in bril- 
liant red and greens. 

Opening from the living-room with a four-foot arch is 
the dining-room. The delightful feature of this room is a 
large bay-window facing the arch and looking towards the 
east. ‘Lhe walls in here are of rough plaster, sand finish, 
kalsomined a rich yellow, the four large windows of the 
alcove are hung with thin yellow silk beneath Japanese 
grilles of bamboo, and the rug is of Japanese cotton in white 
and Delft-blue corresponding with the china. 

Thus, it will be seen that these two rooms, which are 
literally thrown together by the wide opening, leave nothing 
to be desired in the color-scheme. 

The bed-chambers in this plain little house have been 
made as fresh and dainty and exquisite as if they formed 
part of an expensive establishment. In their design and 
furnishing is shown the maximum of beauty and comfort 
with the minimum of expenditure. In a little pink and 
white room, pale-pink poppies on the ivory-ground of the 
wall-paper give the color-scheme. ‘The dressing-table— 
home-made—is of pink satteen covered with white dimity. 


Living-room of Bungalow No. | 


448 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The ‘“hour-glass’’ 
table beside the bed, 
which holds a can- 
delabra, is made 
from two circular 
pieces of wood and 
an old broom-han- 
dle. The floor is 
covered with white 
India-matting and 
laid with rugs of 
soft old rose in mo- 
hair. The easy- 
chair of willow is 
cushioned with 
striped satin in old 
rose and the win- 
dows are hung with 
simple scarf draper- 
ies of white dimity. 
The mingling of 
rich satin brocade 
with simple cottons 
and fresh muslins in 
such a room is a 
pleasing experiment, 
and has here produced a charming and very delightful effect. 

The other front bedroom of this bungalow has a com- 
mingling of robin’s-egg-blue, and green and white in its 
coloring. ‘The wall-paper is a design of Cherokee roses and 
green leaves on a blue ground, and the furnishings carry 
these colors throughout. To all of this the black woodwork 
gives an effective setting. 

In bungalow No. 2, we have a type of house which de- 
pends largely upon a garniture of vines for its possibilities 
of beauty. The cobble-stones, used roughly, are seen to 
great advantage when partly covered with creepers. The 
roofless porch and pergola extension also are built merely as 
frames on which to hang a green drapery. ‘The plan is 
so simple as to leave one wondering why we need ever have 
complicated designs for floor plans; and yet it includes every 
necessity and convenience of modern living on simple lines. 
The arrangement of vista in the living-room and dining- 
room is a particularly happy effect, and to this the French 


BEO Room 


Ding Room 


LIviNG Room 


Floor plan of Bungalow No. 2 


Bedroom in Bungalow No. | 


November, 1909 


window opening in- 
to the pergola from 
the living-room, and 
we have all the airi- 
ness and space that 
one could desire— 
and the cost was 
was only $2,500. 

Bungalow No. 3 
is a notable example 
of the new feeling in 
architecture for sim- 
plicity and _ pictur- 
esque quality, rath- 
er than for con- 
ventional beauty 
and impressiveness. 
Here is a _ house 
built on a_ large 
scale, costing ten 
thousand _ dollars, 
with a living-room 
thirty feet long, and 
other rooms pro- 
portionately large; 
it has two stories 
and an attic and contains twelve rooms. There is no evi- 
dence of a desire to build cheaply; on the contrary, the 
hand-finish of the wood, the innumerable beams and many 
unusual windows, the extension porches and balconies, mark 
it to the practised eye as an expensive structure; and yet it 
proudly asserts itself a bungalow of the purest type. 

It is so skilfully and artistically constructed that, although 
rising to two stories and a half in height, its lines spread 
out with a low and gracious aspect; the wide-beamed eaves 
cover the broad porches in unconventional expansiveness, 
and everywhere there is a rustic finish. This house carries 
a suggestion in its design of that most picturesque building 
in the world, the chalet of Switzerland. f 

The illustration of bungalow No. 4 shows a house which 
combines all of the refinements of luxurious living with the 
simplicity of rustic country life. 

Set flat upon a grassy terrace and surrounded by the 
beautiful live oaks of southern California, it presents the 


Bungalow No. 2. Cobblestones prepared for vines. Cost, $2500 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 449 


foot openings on either side of the fire- 
place between the billiard-hall and living- 
room and a five-foot opening (with sliding 
doors) between the dining-room and 
billiard-hall, these three large rooms can, 
upon occasion, be virtually made one. The 
low windows giving directly to the grass 
and flower-bordered terraces are all oppo- 
site one another, so that the effect is most 
charming; in a summer home it is one 
which is much to be desired. 

The bath is so arranged that access 
may be had to it from three bedrooms. 
The closets in these bedrooms are built in 
old-fashioned English cupboard-style. The 
sliding-doors that enclose the cupboard are 
finished in white enamel to correspond with 
the other woodwork, and have a long 
dressing-mirror paneled in each. The cost 
of this house was six thousand dollars. 

Bungalow No. 3. Suggestive of a Swiss chalet. Cost, $10,000 I think I have proved my case, have I 

not? Surely the photographs help, and I 

ideal home for that country. Above the brown stain and hope my description also. But you should see these bun- 

shingles of the house rise handsome chimneys of pale gray galows amid the native trees and the warm sun of California! 

plaster, and wide casements and low 

French windows open to the terraces and 

gardens, presenting so complete and fin- 

ished a picture that it reminds one of a 

beautiful toy set amid ideally perfect 
surroundings. 

The floor plan shows French doors 
opening from the porch to the billiard- 
hall and living-room. A wide French eS 
window opens from the living-room on | 
to the terrace pictured in the illustration, Eececeeee tc 


Gi 

- 
3 
é 


a) gt ig) gps an 


| 


and another French window opens from 
bedroom No. 1 on this terrace. The Spey ] 
Michmindewe in tiese. TOOms are case- | 2 We We J 
mitiaid also open out, giving a charm-- | =|) of} 
ing outlook from the apartments. | 
The billiard-hall has French windows COVERED rox : 
opening to the terrace on this other side 
of the house, and there are also two SRSA NBS see nO ee ae a 
French windows opening from the dining- First floor plan of Bungalow No. 3 Second floor plan of Bungalow No. 3 
room to this terrace. As there are four- 
ie eas eS ae 
| - SERVANTS 
R BEOROOM Kircren ) Zoom | 
| Beto oon a Pie 
i L & 
| BunersPrr ye, Get) 
7 
| 2eoRoom Dining Room \ 


FOVYYTL, 
IOVIITT 


wT 
St PORCH 


ORILLE  GRULE 


Bungalow No. 4. The ideal California Bungalow. Cost, $6,000 Floor plan of Bungalow No. 4 


450 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


The American Shetland Pony 


By Fritz Morris 


thousands of our youngsters, must be im- 
ported is quite wrong. While the “‘shel- 
ties’ came originally from Shetland 
Islands, a fair sample of the species is 
bred in this country. One club has made 
it a special object to encourage the perpetuation and im- 
provement of the Shetland pony, and preserve a record of 
it, and they are so particular to maintain a high standard 
that no Shetland pony ex- 
ceeding forty-six inches in 
height is registered. The 
‘‘sheltie” is the most lovable 
of all animals, and he has a 
way of inspiring a lasting 
affection. He is as patient 
as a donkey, as spirited and 
active as a terrier, and as 
sure-footed as a mule, and 
it is just these characteris- 
tics which makes him such a 
prime favorite with parents 
for their children’s pet. 

The sheltie is of all col- 
ors—black, brown, dun, 
chestnut, piebald and cream 
—though the favorite color 
is a matter of fashion. Not 
long ago the blacks were considered the best and the piebald 
least desirable, although, at one time, the latter were in 
great demand. Taste altered and went to mouse-color, then 
changed to blacks, browns and bays. 

As a pet, pure and simple, it is considered that the ‘‘shel- 
tie’ has established himself in most families. Something 
in the nature of a freak from his babyhood upward, he has 
the knack of securing and maintaining his master’s love and 
is possessed of the singular power of transposing the posi- 
tions of master and servant, for the “‘sheltie,” as a rule, 
holds the whip-hand. He has an abiding fondness for chil- 
dren, and it is a curious fact that boys and girls seem better 
able to control him than their elders. The pony just now 


An equipage “ built to fit” 


Four-in-hand 


holds a very prominent and unique position. Unique, be- 
cause he has lately risen from the condition of a children’s 
plaything to a footing of practical adult usefulness; promi- 
nent, because the best of his kind carries a value in dollars 
and cents that is considerable. 

The Shetland pony breeders in this country are, just now, 
very much interested in the various types of the registered 
Shetland, and in developing and exhibiting them at the differ- 
rent State fairs, and it goes without saying that no 
up-to-date Horse Show is quite complete without including 
the distinguished liliputian 
quadrupeds in a_ well-ex- 
tended breeding classifica- 
tion. The harness classes 
have also added premiums. 
Some of these finely con- 
formed, and most gimpy, 
miniature animals are full 
of style and very trappy 
gaited, and they never fail 
to excite instant comment 
from the Horse Show 
critics. 

For a number of years 
the Illinois Shetland breed- 
ers’ exhibits have won about 
all of the money offered at 
the big State fairs and the 
city horse shows, and, as a 
demonstration of this fact, it may be stated that there were 
four different breeds of Shetland ponies exhibited the past 
season from some of the Illinois breeds. The Silver Spring 
farm herd of Logan W. Black was exhibited at the State 
fairs of Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Kentucky, Tennessee, where they won most of the prizes 
offered for Shetland ponies at each. 

The cost of what the average pony eats does not shrink 
the wallet of the owner to an appreciable extent. It is 
related of one little fellow who mysteriously disappeared, 
that after the passing of two or three weeks he was found 
in an abandoned clay pit, healthy and unconcerned, having 
rustled his living out of the hole and he was still happy. 


Registered Shetland mares 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


451 


“Pine Haven’ 


The Summer Home of Thomas B. Van Buren, Esgq., at Kennebunkport, Maine 


By Robert Thompson 


HE approach is an introduction to a house, 
and it is so with the summer home of 
Mr. Van Buren’s. It is very happily 
situated in a group of pines, from which 
it gets its name, ‘‘Pine Haven,” and which 
implies a panacea to all ills and creates a 
restful place. 

The house has a stone foundation and underpinning. The 
exterior is covered with shingles, stained a soft brown color, 
and the trimmings are painted bottle-green. The roof is 


1 


oD) 


also covered with shingles 
and stained a moss-green. 
The blinds are painted green. 
The chimneys are built of 
field-stone. The plan is well 
arranged with a view to 
light, air and ventilation. Its 
entrance is placed at the side 
of the house and is well 
balanced by a porte-cochere, 
thus affording an opportunity 
for the placing of all the 
principal rooms on the ocean 
front of the house. 

The hall, trimmed with 
cypress, is stained and fin- 
ished in a dark Flemish- 
brown. The staircase is of 
a simple character and is in 
keeping with its particular 
style. It has a newel post 
formed by a column which 
rises up and supports an 
arched beam. The walls 
have a paneled wainscoting 
and a beamed ceiling. Un- 
derneath the staircase there is 


a toilet-room. ‘To the left of the entrance is the den, which 
is finished with forest-green effect and is provided with a 
paneled seat with cushion upholstered in Turkey-red. The 
walls are covered with crimson burlap. 

The living-room, treated with white enamel paint, has a 
paneled waiscoting four feet in height, above which the 
walls are covered with a tapestry effect, and the whole fin- 
ished with a wooden cornice. ‘The ceiling is divided into 
large panels by massive beams. ‘There is a large fireplace, 
which looks comfortable and inviting, and which is built 
of huge rock-faced stones 
picked up from the shore. 
The hearth is laid with sea- 
green tile and the mantel and 
the paneled over-mantel are 
of the Colonial style. 

The alcove at one end of 
the room, with its paneled 
seat and bookcases built in, 
affords a very quiet retreat 
on a damp summer’s day 
when the east fogs blow in 
from the ocean. 

Off the living-room, and 
also connecting with the hall, 
is the dining-room, well 
lighted and ventilated by 
having windows placed at 
either end of the room, af- 
fording a cooling breeze to 
pass through when the 
weather is warm. It is 


set ok aren 
TARELTRUPOTON ESS CRUE EP ERD 


The living-room fireplace is built of huge rock-faced stones 


452 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1909 


trimmed with yellow pine, — 
and is stained and finished ol apr 
in Flemish-brown. It has | > 
a high paneled wainscot- | 
ing and plate-rack. The | 
ceiling has a wooden cor- Vai: 
nice and beams. The fire- 
place is built of red presed 
brick with the facings and 
a hearth of the same. The 
mantel-shelf is supported 
on corbels, and the over- 


The charm of this house is its simplicity and 
its unpretentiousness. In no sense of the word 
is it a ‘‘show”’ place, nor can it, on the other hand, 
be offered as an example of economy 
in building it. It is, in short, a good, 
comfortable summer 
home, a dwelling of ample 
size, admirably suited to 
the demands made upon it 
by the owner and _ his 
family, skilfully designed, 
and exceedingly attractive 


mantel is formed in the Second floor plan in many ways. A house, 

paneled wainscoting. To be its cost of the utmost, 

the rear end of the dining-room there is an enclosed porch. could hardly do more than this, could scarce be more service- 
The butler’s pantry is fitted with drawers, dressers and able nor more useful. 

sink, and the kitchen is provided with all the best modern The plan offers some unusual features which are of pecul- 


conveniences, including a large store-pantry and a laundry. ar interest. The greater part of the building is a large 


The porte cochere and main front 


The rear stairs lead to the second-story and down to the rectangle. The main entrance is at one end, with a porte- 
cellar, which contains the heating apparatus and fuel room. cochére, as I have previously explained. A corridor runs 

The second story is treated with ivory-white paint, and through the center of the house, with the living-room and 
contains five bedrooms, two bathrooms, large linen-closet dining-room on one side, and occupies the deeper part of the 
and two servants’ rooms. Two of the bedrooms have open house. On the other side is the den, with a porch in the 


fireplaces with tiled hearths, facings and mantels; farther corner. The kitchen and its dependencies 
one room has an attractive alcove with seat and ,>— occupy a deflected wing farther on and is quite 
bookcases built in, and each = removed from immediate contact with the main 
have large, well-fitted closets. ‘Eg Za (PA) SRS) CE rooms, although directly articulated with the din- 
The bathrooms are furnished =] 2, S| ter ing-room. ‘This is a very able plan, since it places 


the ornamental rooms on one side of the house; 
separates the den, an intimate 
personal apartment, complete- 


with porcelain fixtures and ex- rn Aas, 


Wore: 
Cocysae 


posed nickelplated plumbing. | 
There are ample guest-rooms 


and trunk-rooms on the third asa dl ly from them, and isolates the 
floor. : Re ela | es a kitchen utterly. This last 

Messrs. Clark and Russell, Pisa feature is well expressed in the 
of Boston, Mass., were the | “enone < ff exterior by the deflection of 
architects of this interesting cs mae / the kitchen wing, that gives a 
summer home. First floor plan marked nobility to the exterior. 


aa 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Xiil 


mm CORRESPONDENCE 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and furnishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 
All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


_ Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ” 


ACCESSORIES FOR OLD-FASHIONED 
FURNITURE 


NEW JERSEY subscriber, D. F. G., 

has lately awakened to the fact that she 

possesses some really interesting, valu- 
able old furniture. Her letter tells the story: 
“IT have inherited from time to time certain 
pieces of mahogany furniture that I have kept 
in use In my own bedroom, without thinking 
very much about them. I have been reading 
so much in the magazines, and have also been 
studying the illustrations, until I am con- 
vinced that my furniture is worth owning 
and also worth showing to the best advantage. 
I hesitate, however, about making my sleep- 
ing-room a museum of antiques, as it would 
certainly become if I kept literally to the 
period in which my furniture belongs—the 


latter part of the eighteenth century. Now, 
would you advise my making a_ strictly 
Colonial chamber of my room? Or, can I 


still keep something of the old-time charm 
without destroying the individuality of my 
four-poster bed, high-boy, drop-leaf writing- 
desk, and Heppelwhite card table?” 

If a strict return were to be made to the 
furnishings of the period to which this furni- 
ture belongs, it would exclude many of our 
modern comforts. Historic correctness ap- 
plied to home furnishing is suggestive, as this 
correspondent says, of the museum. ‘The 
distinction which antique furniture of good 
design lends to a room need not be lost if the 
accessories are carefully and harmoniously 
assembled. 

In the matter of floor coverings, for ex- 
ample, the hand-woven cotton rug of Colonial 
times may be adopted, yet chosen from among 
the artistic dyes that are now in the market. 
For the bed-hangings one of the daintily 
colored Scotch cretonnes may contrast with 
a small-figured wall-paper. The woodwork 
would be painted white, in the egg-shell finish. 
The window-curtains may be of white grena- 
dine edged with lace. If the room is occupied 
in the winter months, some over-curtains to 
draw in the evening may be added. If there 
is an open fireplace, the andirons may be of 
Colonial pattern, with a low fender to outline 
the hearth. If the wall-paper is not too 
decorative for showing pictures, the colored 
engravings from old English paintings would 
be attractive. 


BEDSTEADS FOR SMALL ROOMS 


“T notice in the illustrations in the maga- 
zines that wooden beds are again being used. 
We are about to furnish a hall-room and 
would like to have it up-to-date, but a wooden 
bed will fill up the contracted space (or seem 
to do so), and we would like very much to 
know if there is anything besides the white 
iron or brass beds that we can adopt?’—R. 
D. E., of Vermont. 

The metal beds have certainly 


the ad- 


vantage of giving a feeling of space in a small 
room. ‘This is most apparent in the new de- 
signs in which there are very low, square 
posts at the head and foot, finished in old 


brass. In a good quality this bed costs $27.00 
in the three-foot size. It is especially liked 
in boys’ rooms. 


HOLDERS FOR PLANTS 


“A Flower Lover” inquires about suitable 
holders for plants which she likes to distribute 
through the house. 

Some jardinieres in white porcelain with a 
little decoration in color that are made in 
Germany are attractive in bedrooms. A 
green jar, if not too vivid in tone, is gen- 
erally acceptable in any part of the home. 
Hammered brass or copper gives a touch of 
color that is not too obtrusive to be artistic. 
Some of the Japanese pots are now covered 
with brown wickerwork, and these may be 
had in pairs, on a pulley, like hanging baskets. 


WHITE ENAMEL FURNITURE 


The choice between maple and white enamel 
furniture has puzzled a reader in South Caro- 
lina, Mrs. T. R. W. ‘Two of my bedrooms 
are fitted up with mahogany and I do not 
wish another with this wood. Would you 
advise me to adopt white enamel or maple? 
They both seem very colorless, and I do not 
know what to combine with either to make an 
attractive chamber for my young daughter.” 

Of the two finishes, the white enamel will 
be more pleasing, if the furniture is of simple, 
straight lines, without the exaggerated curves 
that are introduced in the wood by so many 
manufacturers. If the occupant of the room 
is fond of blue, this color may be used in a 
soft antique shade, with other colors showing 
in rugs and furniture coverings to give the 
warmth that blue lacks. Or, if pink is the 
favorite color, this will help to make the 
white enamel furniture less severe looking. 
A charming room was lately contrived for a 
girl who was very fond of heliotrope as a 
color, but who was wise enough not to de- 
mand this for the wall-covering. A paper 
was chosen in which gray, green, yellow and 
heliotrope were combined, and each of the 
colors was repeated in the furnishings—the rug 
showing two shades of moss-green, a wicker 
settle being fitted with cushions covered with 
yellow and green cretonne, and the window 
curtains were made of heliotrope-colored linen 
trimmed with bands of the cretonne. ‘The 
furniture of white enamel was so relieved by 
this combination of color that it did not at all 
strike the attention for its colorlessness. 


WALL COVERING FOR A HALL 


“Ts there anything better than burlap for 
covering the walls of my hall? We have 
only one stairway and it receives all the pass- 
ing of the family and servants, besides the 
trunks and furniture that must be taken from 
one floor to another from time to time.’”—O. 
L., Albany, N. Y. 


Burlap has long been in favor, and its use- 
(Continued on page xv) 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


< 


Home 


Garden Work About the 
By Charles Downing Lay 


A SUBSTITUTE FOR BOX EDGING 


oe HAT can we use as a substitute for 
Vf box edging, which is not reliably 
hardy here?” asks E. F. 

This is a difficult question, because no 
other plant is so good as box where that is 
hardy. Any substitute is likely to be an un- 
satisfactory makeshift, unless it be an ever- 
green of good color, slow growing, and easy 
to keep within bounds when it is clipped. 

The dwarf syringa, Philadelphus nanus, is 
low and perfectly hardy, but its leaves are out 
of scale and the whole plant seems coarse in 
the flower-garden. 

Japanese barberry, Berberis Thunbergii, is 
often used, but it grows too rapidly when 
clipped, and the changes in color and appear- 
ance before and after clipping are too great. 
It cannot be kept much below fifteen to 
twenty inches in height and about a foot 
broad, which is too large for most gardens. 

The yews are probably the best substitute 
for box; they are evergreen, good in color and 
texture, and bear clipping better than any 
other plant. 

The American yew, Taxus Minor, is an 
excellent hardy shrub. It grows naturally in 
moist shady places, but does just as well in 
full sunlight in ordinary garden soil. It is 
easy to clip, and when grown as an edging 
makes a compact and uniform hedge. It 
grows more rapidly, perhaps, than box and 
seems never to be winter killed. Plants six 
to ten inches high can be planted four or five 
inches apart, and will soon touch. 

The Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata, and 
its variety brevifolia, are also good, though, 
perhaps, not so hardy as JT. canadensis. 

Their leaves are a trifle larger and seem 
stiffer than those of the American yew. They 
grow larger than the American yew and may 
become good-sized trees. The English yew, 
which is used so much in England for hedges 
and for topiary work, is less hardy than the 
box, and is quite unreliable north of New 
York. 


MORE ABOUT INEXPENSIVE PLANTING 


“Please tell me more about inexpensive 
planting. The answer to a similar question 
last year was a great help to me. I have col- 
lected many wild things from the woods, 
spice bush, shad bush, viburnums, barberry, 
cedar trees and junipers, among others, but I 
have had poor luck in transplanting oaks, 
hickories and the pepperidge. Can I grow 
such things from seed? ‘The oaks are full of 
acorns this year.” —H. B. C. 

There are many inexpensive ways to get a 
good stock of shrubs and trees if one is willing 
to grow them in nursery rows for two or three 
years. 

Seeds of all our native trees and shrubs 
can be bought, and one can often collect seeds 
in the woods. ‘They should be gathered as 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


| Cottage 


Designs 


HESE books offer to architects, builders, 
homeseekers and investors by far the 
most complete collection of plans ever 

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of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to 
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No. 1. Cottage Designs 
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No. 2. Low Cost Houses 
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No. 3. Modern Dwellings 
with Constructive Details 


A selection of twenty designs of artistic 
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No. 4. Suburban Homes 
with Constructive Details 


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ARCHITECTURE 


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SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a 

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PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID 


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November, 1909 


soon as ripe and planted at once or put in 
boxes with layers of moist sand until spring, 
when they are planted in the seed-bed. Large 
edible seeds are better treated in this way, 
because they can then be protected from 
squirrels and mice, which may find seeds 
planted in the ground. 

It would not be a bad idea to plant hick- 
ories and oaks in pots until they are big 
enough to set out in their permanent positions, 
because their long tap root makes them hard 
to transplant. 

Some seeds, those of the thorn, for example, 
should be freed of the pulp and washed, and 
even then they do not germinate until the 
second year after planting. 

Grapes are easily grown from cuttings, 
which should be made now and buried until 
spring, as described last month for scions, 
when they can be planted out in rows. Each 
cutting should have two buds or eyes, and 
should be of wood which ripened a year ago. 

Cuttings of privet, currant, buckthorn, wil- 
low, poplar, etc., can be made in the same 
way. 

Layering is the easiest way of all to propa- 
gate plants. A layer is a branch which has 
rested on the ground and has taken root at 
the point of contact. 

Honeysuckle will layer without being 
urged, Rosa Wichuraiana without difficulty, 
if the branch be covered with a little earth, 
but for most things it is better to make a 
small cut on the under side of the branch 
where it will touch the ground, and then peg 
it down and cover the cut place with three or 
four inches of earth. After six months or a 
year the branch should be well rooted and can 
be removed from the parent plant. 

Layering is easily done with roses, forsythias, 
vines, and, in fact, most shrubs. 

Some shrubs, like the cornel, increase by 
underground suckers or stolons; these can be 
dug up and will soon make good plants. 
Spireas, Indian currant, lilacs, sassafras, black 
alder, clethra, and many others can be in- 
creased rapidly in this way. 

All native plants can be bought of col- 
lectors, if one lacks opportunities to collect 
them for one’s self. A list of responsible col- - 
lectors will be sent to those who would like it. 
A small spade and a large basket or piece of 
burlap should be invariably carried on any 
drive in the woods. Then one is ready to dig 
up anything. 

THE CHINQUAPIN 


The chinquapin, or dwarf chestnut (Cas- 
tanea pumila), is, as R. P. says, a charming 
plant. It grows sometimes forty-five feet 
high, but bears delicious, small, sweet nuts 
when three or four years old. It is more like 
a shrub than a tree, and when planted thickly 
forms miniature shady groves. It should be 
grown for the sake of its nuts wherever there 
is too little room for the chestnut tree. 


PLANTING THE FLOWER GARDEN 


Arranging the plants in a flower-garden 
always takes much thought; more when the 
garden is small and there are a great many 
plants to grow. There is always a conflict 
between one’s desire to have it always full of 
flowers and one’s inability to give up such 
things as peonies and iris. It is, of course, 
impossible to have any garden a mass of 
flowers throughout the summer. ‘The peo- 
nies and iris last but a short time, and when 
they are past, that part of the garden is with- 
out flowers for the rest of the season. 

With annuals there is the same trouble. 
They do not bloom until late June or July, 
and how can the place where asters are grow- 
ing, for instance, be made to produce flowers 
before the asters? 

The only way out of the difficulty seems to 
be to have the annuals in separate small beds, 


November, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


XV 


or for the lack of that convenient arrange- 


ment, to plant them in small patches in the | 


perennial border. In either case they may be 
preceded by tulips or hyacinths, or may be 
grown with English or Spanish iris. 

Thus, a bed of early tulips can be planted 
after the tulips have flowered, with marigolds; 
a bed of late tulips may be planted with 
asters, or the tulip-bed may be sown in the 
autumn with the seeds of annual poppies, 
which will bloom soon after the tulips. When 
the poppies are past, it will not be too late to 
transplant almost any of the annuals. 

Such small beds imply a formal arrange- 
ment, which is not always desirable or pos- 
sible. 

If the garden is all large beds, the difh- 
culty must be met in another way. ‘Thus, a 
half dozen peonies might form a crescent 
about a small patch of centaurea. “The lark- 
spur might partly surround a square yard or 
so of pot marigold, and with the larkspur you 
can plant the white madonna lilies. 

Baby’s breath, Gyfsophila, will be a good 
foil for the brilliant colors of verbena or 
zinnia, and planted back of the hollyhocks 
there might be rudbeckia or helianthus, just as 
marshmallow might be behind the peonies. 

Iris can be in large clumps, mixed with the 
perennials or with hemerocallis, or with some 
of the lower annuals. 

Chrysanthemums and Japanese anemone, 
which are very late, could share their bed with 
Oriental poppies. 

Lilies and other bulbous plants can be 
mixed through the perennials almost any- 
where, so long as they are planted with lower 
things. 

A garden arranged in this way should never 
be without flowers from earliest spring to late 
autumn, and it should always look reasonably 
full of flowers. It requires much more intelli- 
gence on the part of the gardener, however, 
because everything has got to be done at ex- 
actly the proper time and it will not do to 
forget where the bulbs are planted. Although 
the cultivation of a garden so crowded with 
plants, some of which are never seen above 
ground except when in flower, may seem more 
difficult, it should not be so, because there is 
actually little room for weeds to grow. 

I trust this will answer E. B.’s rather in- 
definite question. Any more detailed questions 
I should be glad to answer more in particu- 
lar. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 

(Continued from page xiit) 
fulness will probably never be discontinued. 
It comes in a variety of shades and in several 
grades and prices. Another wall fabric that 
is adapted for this correspondent’s need, but 
of which she may not have heard, is called 
crash, or buckram. In fact, there are two 
materials almost exactly alike. These are 
considered unfadeable in the sun, and they 
have a texture effect, while they are smooth 
enough not to attract particles of dust. The 
warm, light-brown tones are excellent for a 
hall, either with natural or weathered oak 
woodwork. 


PILLOWS FOR A DIVAN 


The number, size and material and colors 
of sofa-pillows have been asked for by a 
reader in Western New York. 

As the “cozy corner” idea has lost favor, 
there has been a more restrained use of pillows 
for a lounge or divan. In an ordinary living- 
room the usual allowance now is three, while 
in a parlor or reception-room none are used. 
Again, in a den or boudoir, one may enjoy a 
heap of down-filled pillows. The location 
must decide the correct number of pillows. 
As to the colors, it is always in good taste to 
have two pillows match the covering of the 


BUILDING 


Construction 


AND 


Superintendence 


By F. E. KIDDER, C.E., Ph.D. 


Author of “The Architects’ Builders’ Pocketbook” 


Revised and Enlarged by 
THOMAS NOLAN, M.S., A.M. 


In Three Volumes, 7% x 9% inches. 


Part I. Masons’ Work 


Ninth Edition, Revised. 965 Pages, 
628 Illustrations. Price, $6.00, Post- 
paid. 


Part II. Carpenters’ Work 


Seventh Edition. 544 Pages, 525 
Illustrations. Price, $4.00, Postpaid. 


Part III., Section I. 
Trussed Roofs and Roof 
Trusses 


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Illustrations. Price, $3.00, Postpaid. 


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¥FUST PUBLISHED 


AMERICAN 
RENAISSANCE 


TA Vieview of Domestic Architecture 
By Soy Wheeler Dow, Architect P 


ILLUSTRATED by NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES 


EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT 
From *‘American Renaissance’? 


This book is a carefully prepared history 
of American Domestic Architecture from 
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on the architecture of to-day. 


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and Commercialism; III., The Ancient 
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Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- 
tury Work; VII., The Transitional 
Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- 
ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- 
ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning 
Style; XII., Conclusion. 


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divan, with a third showing a contrast in 
color and design. A pillow twenty-two inches 
square is a comfortable size, but with a wide 
divan twenty-four or twenty-six may be 
adopted. Cords and tassels, or any decorative 
finish to the seams is not in vogue now, but 
the seam is turned a quarter of an inch and 
stitched on the outside. 


Garden Notes 


PLANTS IN THE HOUSE 


HERE is nothing hardier indoors than 

the rubber plant! It will endure dark- 

ness, gas-tainted air, an atmosphere so dry 
that the furniture cracks, and dust, and still 
put forth leaves that might as well be cast- 
iron, they are so stiff and unlovely. But 
where the conditions can be made a little 
better than the requirements for a _ rubber 
plant, there are other things which will give 
more pleasure, though they may need a little 
more care. 

A dry atmosphere is the hardest thing for 
plants to stand, and in a steam-heated house 
little can be done to ameliorate that. A fur- 
nace is better, though still difficult. Heavy 
window-curtains, shutting out the light from 
rooms, is another thing against the successful 
growth of plants in the house. 

The following plants, which we may call 
house-plants, to distinguish them from win- 
dow-plants which must have direct sunlight, 
will exist, and perhaps do a little more, away 
from a window. They are not flowering 


| plants, but are valued only because of their 


foliage. 

Aucuba Japonica is a shrub resembling the 
rhododendron, but with lighter green shining 
leaves thickly spotted with yellow. It is often 
seen three to four feet high, and is the best 
broad-leaved evergreen for indoor use. 

Cycas revoluta, sago palm, is well-known 
and useful in the house, but needs a greenhouse 
to keep it always in good condition. 

The Norfolk Island pine (draucaria ex- 
celsa) looks somewhat like a spruce tree, but 
is even stiffer and more regular in its branch- 
ing. Growing it in the house presents no 
special difficulties. 

Asparagus plumosus nanus is the best plant 
for the dining-table jardiniere. 

The umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) 
is easy to grow and very effective. It needs a 
little more light than some things. 

Aspidistra is one of the easiest decorative 
plants to grow and, in many respects, the most 
attractive. “Chere are two varieties, one, with 
green leaves and the other, with variegated 
leaves. 

Dracenas are usually stove plants, but D. 
fragrans and D. indivisa do well in the house. 
The former has broad leathery leaves, the 
latter, thin grass-like leaves. 

Ferns in considerable variety may be used. 


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$4. 00 ir Saree] te your it Mi hes 
Apply now, 
Tho Pulverized Manure Co.,21Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 


xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


The Comfort of the 


The Bell System has become the nerv- 
ous system of the business and social 
world. 


The comfort it affords the women in the 
homes of America cannot be measured. 


Do you measure it in considering the 
value of your Bell telephone ? 


The mother of children can find out 
where they are at any particular hour of 
the day—and how they are—even though 
their visits carry them to the country village 
or the city hundreds of miles away. 


The husband on a trip talks from his 
hotel room to his wife at home. 


There is a world of comfort in the 
knowledge that you can talk together at 
a moment’s notice, wherever you may be. 


Telephone 


The Bell telephone has a special value 
because it is everywhere—because at sight 
you feel a familiar acquaintance with a 
Bell instrument or a Bell sign. 


There are over 4,000,000 Bell stations. 
You cannot use them all, but from time to 
time you have areal vital need for one. 
Which one you cannot foretell. 


There are six billion calls over the tele- 
phones of the Bell System every year. 


Many of these are comforting calls from 
afar, calls whose actual money value can 
no more be reckoned than the value of the 
happiness which one man has and another 
man cannot buy. 


The very existence of the Bell telephone 
service has its value to you, even at mo- 
ments when you are not using it. 


The Bell Long Distance service offers, ready 
recruited for your call, the largest body of active 
business men inthe world. If youhave atelephone, 
avail yourself of its long distance possibilities. 


The highest type of public service can be achieved only by one policy, one system, universal service. 


The American Telephone and Telegraph Company 
And Associated Companies 


Every Bell Telephone Is the Center of the System 


XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information. 


MUNN & COMPANY, INC. 


cru Practical Steam and == 
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


By ALFRED G. KING 
402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations 


An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged 
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation 


VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. 


Price $3.00 


| ang standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts, 
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin- 
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, 
together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including 
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating 
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost, and such other 
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors, 
RS 8 journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders. 

i This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in 

> text, diagrams and illustrations. 
NT. RS ON I. Introduction. 

CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON paratus. IV. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue. 
VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of 
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat. 
ing. XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances. 
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous 
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot- 
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering. 
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. 


II. Heat. l1I. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap- 


XXVI. Business Methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. 


Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Het-Water and Ventilating Apparatus are Given 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CiTY 


It is possible to collect some of them in the 
woods and have them do well in the house. 

Adiantum croweanum is the best maiden- 
hair fern. ‘The others can not stand the dry 
atmosphere. 

The Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata Bos- 
tonensis) is the most reliable fern in the house. 
Its varieties, N. Scotti, dwarf, N. Sholz; and 
N. Whitmani, plumed, are possibly improve- 
ments on the type. 

Pteris Wilsoni, crested fern, P. Victoriae, 
silver variegated and Crytomium Falcatum, 
holly fern, are excellent varieties. 

Pandanus JV eitchi, the screw pine, is a plant 
with green-and-yellow-striped leaves. 

Almost any palm can be grown in the house 
with little trouble, and they are the most 
beautiful of all so-called decorative plants. 
Some are too large for the ordinary house, 
but the following are reasonable in size and 
satisfactory. Cocos Weddeliana is a small 
delicate affair of slow growth and, therefore, 
often used in fern-dishes. 

Kentia Belmoreana is dwarf, spreading in 
habit, and quite hardy in the house. 

Phoenix Roebelenii, said to be as hardy as 
a Kentia and resembles Cocos Weddeliana. 

The most charming plant of all to grow in 
the house is a lemon, orange or grapefruit 
tree. They need a sunny window, and an old 
plant will take up much room, but their pic- 
turesque habit, good foliage and fragrant 
blossoms make them quite worth while. They 
are more likely to do well in a country house 
than in the city, because gas seems to be fatal 
to them. ‘They can be grown from seed, but 
it is a slow proceeding and the fruit will be 
worthless, so it is much better to buy a grafted 
plant which will bear fruit that is of some 
value. 

POTTING SOIL 


The best soil for all plants, whether grown 
indoors or out, is what florists call a good 
potting-soil. The proportions are sometimes 
varied slightly, but in general it consists of 
equal parts of well-rotted leaves and rotted 
sods with the addition of old manure and a 
little sharp sand. Rotted sods with old 
manure and sand (if it is lacking) is the 
easiest soil to get in most places and it is 
good enough for any plant. Some plants need 
special care, but almost none of them need 
special soil. Moisture, light and air are far 
more important factors in plant growth than 
soil. 


WATERING PLANTS IN THE HOUSE 


Watering potted plants is not a difficult 
thing, yet improper watering is the cause of 
many failures. It takes only a small intel- 
ligence to determine by touch whether the 
earth in a pot is dry or moist, and if it be 
dry to water it until it is moist. If the earth 
is moist, of course, there is no need of water- 
ing. Watering too often is only harmful when 
the drainage from the pot is not good, or when 
the pot stands in a saucer full of water. Pots 
which are put in a jardiniere or bowl should 
be lifted whenever they are watered to see that 
there is no water standing in the bowl. 
Nothing except complete dryness is worse for 
an ordinary house-plant than to have the earth 
about it constantly saturated. It should be 
moist but not wet. 


PREPARING THE VEGETABLE GARDEN 
FOR NEXT YEAR 


In October or November the vegetable 
garden should be gotten ready for the next 
season. Rake up and burn all the old vines, 
cornstalks and weeds, spread on as much 
manure as you can afford, and spade it over 
thoroughly. Next spring you will be ready to 
plant as soon as the ground is fit to work and 
much valuable time will be saved. I believe 
this is the best practise quite aside from the 
saving in time. 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVii 


A Gray November Day 


xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


November, 1909 


A Silent Servant 


A customer writes: “The Hot-Air Pump you furnished us some eight years ago works as noise- 


lessly, as effectively, and as satisfactorily to-day, 
has drawn water from a well some thirty feet 
of one and one-half inch pipe to the reservoir.” 


ce ” 


our friend has 


In using the word ‘‘xozselessly, 


touched upon one of the most important features 
of a Hot-Air Pump. 

Many of our customers are people with country 
homes who have had their nerves sorely tried by 
the noisy clanging of a windmill’s wheel (the source 
of their private water supply), until, in a spirit of 
desperation, they have felt compelled to remove 


the windmill and make trial of a 


Hot-Air Pump 


With its silent action, health and rest have come 


ENGINE Co. 


Hot-Air Pump 


means satisfaction to the cultured home-builder 


combination of constructive elegance unsurpassed. 


Grates, etc. 


Dixon’s cait:ie Paint Lasts 


And the reason why it lasts is because its pigments are inert. 


have inert pigments to do with it? 


RI D ER- E, RICSSO N 239 Franklin Street 


(Also builders of the new ‘‘Reeco”’ Electric Pump.) 


ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? 


The specification of Woodward-Eubanks Mantels by the Architect 
Natural beauty of materials and harmonious elegance of design form a 
Our 75-page catalog, which will be sent free (enclose ten cents to 


cover postage), also gives an illustrated list of Gas and Electric Fixtures 
the most unique line on the market. We are manufacturers of Tiles, 


WOODWARD-EUBANKS MANTEL CO., Dept. D, Atlanta, Ga. 


as the day it was put in. During this period it 
distant and thrown it through five hundred feet 


back again along with natural quiet and repose. In 
this way the Hot-Air Pump has proved itself a 
wonderful therapeutic agent, besides being the most 
reliable domestic water supply known. 

Remember that these pumps are not steam- 
engines, but machines of low-power which cannot 
explode, operated solely by hot air, automatic in 
their action, requiring no skilled attention, so 
simple that any servant or farmer’s boy can start 
and stop the little flame that gives them life. The 
cost of operation is almost nil, while the delivery 
of water is absolutely certain at all times and 
seasons. 


Be sure that the name “RIDER Or -FRICSSON appears upon the pump you 
purchase. This name “BEECO “BEECO- protects you against worthless 
imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our 
nearest office (see list below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality who will sell you only 


the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world to-day. 
Write for Catalogue E, and ask for reduced price-list. 


New York 
Boston 

Chicago 
Philadelphia 
Montreal, P. Q. 
Sydney, N. S. W. 


5 Warren Street 


40 Dearborn Street 
40 North 7th Street 
234 West Craig Street 
22 Pitt Street - 


aoe ovo o 


Structural& Ornamental Steel Work 


FLOORESIDEWALK LIGHTS. 
SEND OR CATALOGUES 


JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J. 


Accurate information regarding THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 
is a necessity of MODERN BUSINESS LIFE, as well as a subject of ABSORB- 
ING INTEREST for every thinking man and woman. 


For nearly sixty-five years the 


Scientific American 


has been the most widely quoted authority on all matters relating to the progress 
made in the fields of discovery, invention and scientific news. 

Free from dry technicalities, it tells the story of the WORLD’S PROGRESS 
in a fascinating and practical manner, which makes its weekly visits welcome to 
the entire family. It is unique among periodical literature because it contains 
authoritative information which cannot be obtained from any other source. 


Subscription price, $3.00 per year. 


The Season’s Best Club Combinations 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens 3.00 
Review of Reviews ... 3.00 $4.45 


Scientific American or American 
re euomues ond Gardens 6 
eview oO eviews. sees : 
World’s Work $6.80 


$5.35 


Scientific American or American 

omes and Gardens 00 
McClure’s Magazine 5 
Review of Reviews $5.35 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens $3 

World’s Work 

Delineator 


$5.10 


Scientific American or American 
Homes and Gardens $3.00 
McClure’s Magazine 3 $4.60 
Woman’s Home Companion.,.... 
$5.75 
After February 1st, 1909, 25c. must be added to combina~- 
tions including Woman’s Home Companion. 


MUNN @ CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, New York City 


What 
Our Booklet 106B will tell you. 


Ground bone should be spread on top and 
worked in with a rake or wheel-hoe, and if 
the whole garden could be covered for the 
winter with strawy manure or leaves it would 
be the best possible preparation for the next 
season. 


TOOLS 


The forehanded gardener will clean, 
sharpen and oil all tools, repairing those that 
can be repaired and discarding those that are 
worn out, making a list of spring replacements. 
The lawn-mower should be put in order now; 
but are there many people who do not leave it 
until the last minute in the spring? 


SCIONS 


If you intend to do any grafting next spring, 
cut the scions now, selecting wood not of this 
season’s growth, but a year old. ‘They should 
be cut in lengths of 6 to 8 inches, tied in 
bundles, and buried in some well-drained spot 
below the frost-line. Next spring they will 
be ready when wanted and much better than 
newly cut ones, because they have been well 
protected through the winter. 


HOUSES THAT DO NOT SHAKE 
DOWN 


T IS a mooted question whether it is better 
to anchor the building solidly to the 
ground by deep foundations, or to place it 

upon the ground like an independent load free 
to move in every direction without having its 
proper vibrations hampered by the discordant 
vibrations of the ground. In the independent 
method the lower parts, not being suddenly 
brought back when the ground returns to its 
former position, it might be expected that the 
building would be less easily dislocated, as 
inertia acts equally on all its elements. But all 
the advantages of this system can be secured 
only if the whole building is light and homo- 
geneous. In any case, a masonry building 
should rest upon an indeformable base, such 
as a grating of iron bars or a bed of armored 
concrete. To make the independence more 
complete, it has been proposed to support build- 
ings upon steel balls or round stones, but this 
device is of uncertain efficacy. The endeavor 
is usually to connect the building and ground 
by solid and deep foundations. Such, at least, 
is the opinion of M. G. Espitallier, who has 
contributed a valuable paper on the subject to 
the Mémoires et Travaux de la Sociétés des 
Ingenieurs Civils de France. It has been in- 
ferred, from the comparative immunity of mine 
galleries and other subterranean voids, that 
the vibrations travel more regularly under- 
ground than on the surface, and that advantage 
can be taken of this regularity in laying foun- 


Before You Decide 


ABOUT HEATING 


Your Residence 


Let us show you why Richardson & Boynton Fresh, 
Warm Air Furnaces and Steam or Hot Water Boilers 
are installed in more buildings than any other make 
in this country. 


If you are building your own home, Richardson & 
Boynton Heating Apparatus will mean the greatest 
possible amount of heat at small running expense. 
It will add materially to the value of your house if 
you are building to rent or to sell. 


Write for our latest book “‘ Truth About Heating” 
—we send it free. 


Richardson & Boynton Co. 


Established 1837 


OFFICES 
232-234-236 Water Street, New York 
20 E. Lake St., Chicago 


51 Portland St., Boston 
ON SALE BY ALL RELIABLE DEALERS 


November, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS mie 


dations: but to secure this result the founda- 
tion walls must be separated from the surface , 
soil by very soft filling. In alluvial districts bi 
buildings resting upon deeply driven piles have , yy } fa (2) 
behaved well, but this method is adeeb ony uO” “kau mii mah ho wei 4 / nd | 
as a last resort. It would be preferable to es x OE, 

employ shafts filled with concrete, close to- ———— REGISTERED IN U.S.PATENT OFFICE 
gether and connected at the top by elastic Te 
girders of steel or armored concrete. 


7: 


The Most Artistic and Permanent 
Building Material in the World 


VERTICAL WALLS For Castle or Cottage, for House, Stable or Garden Wall, 
BF it costs Mas little more than wood and usually less 
i an concrete (depending somewhat on location), and is far 
‘The houses of a block should be fastened superior and preferable to either. Altogether different in 
together for mutual support, and isolated build- coloring, texture and hardness from ordinary face brick. 
: 3 6 For every extra dollar it adds ten dollars to the value of 
ings should be constructed on a simple and the building and vastly increases the salability of the entire 
regular plan. Extensions should be avoided property. Home builders or promoters of suburban properties 
S 2 a Sean ; are especially urged to investigate the many merits of Tapestry 
on account of their discordance with the main Brick, with its revival of the old Roman and Persian Types. 
building. These precautions are useless unless There Is Only One “Tapestry” Brick— 
the masonry itself is strong. In spite of their the name is stamped on each brick 
solid appearance, stone blocks form one of the Our valuable book “Tapestry Brickwork,” giving com- 
che i . a parative costs of wood, concrete and brick constructions 
worst systems for earthquake countries, al 48 pages, 8 in colors, describing the brick architecture i 
though their tendency to slide could be dimin- of all ages, full of interest to architect and home 
t “ builder, sent on receipt of 20 cents (less than the cost 
ished by using notched blocks. Small elements to publish). Write for information, describing the 


: : FeO ten ter 
are preferable if well interlocked and connected woth vou mae saiming 


FISKE & CO., Inc., SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF TAPESTRY BRICK 
1708 Flatiron Building, New York 
We will also direct you to the nearest building made of Tapestry 
Brick, for your examination. 


Japanese Roof 


THE WASHABLE 
WALL COVERING 


To have the cleanest, brightest, 
most labor-saving of all kitchens 
and pantries, get Sanitas—the wash- 
able covering—for the walls. Glazed 
like tile in plain or decorative 


tile designs, printed in oil col- SA NITAS 
ors on strong muslin. Fade- (o[<) 
The Japanese Method proof, stain-proof, crack-and- "eum 
— tear-proof. Decorators, paper-hangers 
by strong mortar. Ancient Roman buildings and department stores. 
represent the type of this class, and have re- ; ; 
sisted wonderfully, while modern buildings in Then gg: Memes athe guarantee oe 
the same region have fallen. Bricks form the a MERIC ey e a es ae shelves. Beau- 
most homogeneous and isochronous masonry. : ae ole itul marble and decorative patterns 


4 and fancy borders. Trade-mark 
on back guarantees every yard. 
Department, house furnishing and general 


The cracks formed are seldom vertical, but are \ | [Direts 
usually inclined zigzag lines following the vy) J 
joints, and do not necessarily cause falling. 


. stores, 
Long horizontal fissures, however, may cause ae | 
the fall of large sections. For this reason y = These materials TRANSFORM your kitchen and 
g AY y' 
notched bricks are employed in Japan. In the a pantry at modest cost. Incomparable for new homes. 
fe o . gl #4) pt 2 

same country a parabolic profile, similar to ; pov If you wish to decorate your living, din- 
that of reservoirs and lighthouses, 1s sometimes > Department SP Hone Desi oe 
employed. The materials of the wall should sibs fhe roomont command cceiae ree 

° . . Le ata anitas reproduc- 
be as light as possible, especially at the top. A tions with sketches of clever new effects, 
All observers denounce heavy parapets, pro- | | 4] STANDARD OIL CLOTH COMPANY \ 
jecting cornices, balustrades, and afixed orna- | - Dept 11 320 Broadway, New York City 


ments, which are easily detached and fall on 
the heads of fugitives. Balconies are especially 
dangerous, and should be prohibited entirely. 
The solidarity of the buildings should ex- 
tend to the floors and roof. But as this result 
is dificult to obtain, some builders have sug- 
gested a system of independent floors and roofs. 
For floors in particular there is no perfect sys- 
tem of connection with the walls. The fasten- 


5 2 OUR own individual rug, dif- 
The Complete Hotel Y terent from all other rugs, and 


in a high-class wool fabric 


= adapted to your own decorations. 

ings sometimes employed only produce fissures Ho tel Paul Bien e roucivcmentas coment 

in the wall between them and tear out when St tl make one that will, either plain, 

: self-tone or contrast. All sizes 

the walls separate, allowing the floors to fall. atier SS Gao Gos SE Gee (Ge 

See Seamless, wool weft, reversible, 

The pened ue a pene be ee BUFFALO heavy and durable, Sold by best 

enou to rest on the walls at their greates shops or write for color line and 

z 3 3 Bp 2g 300 Rooms -300 Baths me : price list to ARNOLD, ‘CONSTABLE 
separation. he roof, in addition to the dan- Modern in Construction. Pe COMNE WORE: 

ger of falling between the walls, may carry Artistic in Appointment. THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, AUBURN, N. y, 


Complete in Equipment, 
Perfect in Service. 

Circulating Ice Water 
to All Rooms 


the walls down with it. Independence of the 
roof has been sought by supporting it upon 
balls or rollers, but it may be feared that in an 
earthquake a roof would abuse its independence 
by slipping off altogethe . At all events, the 


Ask your dealer for 


ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


European Plan Exclusively The Corrugated Hose made in Wilmington, Delaware. Identify by 


the RED label on every length. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Magazine of Good 
Taste for the Home 


has recently changed hands and been 
brought into a new organization of 
trained magazine men. It is edited by 
one of the ablest and most experienced men 
in the country. Alowse&jarden superbly 
printed on tinted paper and beautifully illustrated, 
is devoted to the home—its planning, building, furnishing and decoration, and the planting 
and care of the garden and grounds. It treats of every side of house-building, —Colonial, 
English half-timber, stucco, bungalows and many others; interior decoration, furnishing, 
hallways, living-rooms, wall coverings, draperies, rugs, pictures and a thousand and one 
problems that confront the home-maker. The surroundings of a house contribute equally 
to its comfort and beauty and Aouse Garden deals adequately with this end of the subject. 
Its articles on gardening and landscaping: are practical and helpful. It covers every phase of 
the flower and vegetable garden,—shrubs, trees, bulbs, the window garden, the water garden, 
the greenhouse and the multitude of things that every amateur gardener wants to know. It 
has a department for the beginner from which the most inexperienced can work withsuccess. 
Altogether, Rouse Garden is a new sort of magazine and is brimming over with 
practical help and suggestions for making the home more tasteful and comfortable. 


A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS IN 


HOUSE & GARDEN FOR NOVEMBER 


INDICATE THE SCOPE AND INTEREST OF THE MAGAZINE: 


Using the Porch All Winter—Which will tell how to get 
12-months’ service instead of four out of one of the 
most important parts of the House. 

Forcing Bulbs for Indoor Bloom; or, how to grow 
flowers during the long dreary Winter months, by 
Luke J. Doogue. ; : 

First Steps—By Alex. B. Trowbridge, Architect. An in- 
timate talk to prospective home-owners on some of the 
things they will have to pay for besides merely the 


house. 
The Making of One Country Home—By Jeannette L. 


Gilder. The story ofthe acquisition and reconstruction 
of a quaint old farmhouse. c 

Furniture for the Living-Room and Library — New 
types of modern furniture, what they cost and how 
they should be used. ee . 

Stairways — A page of pictures showing distinctive 
American types. 

Getting into a Place—By Grace Tabor. This article 
discusses the matter of entrances, driveways, gates 
and the laying out of approaches for the typical subur- 


ban plot. Pehle. : 
Things You Can Build into the House—By Margaret 


Greenleaf. Practical suggestions for window-seats, 


JUST PUBLISHED 


Chimneys—A page of pictures showing a number ot 
kinds used in modern homes. 

Japanese Prints for Hom2 Decoration—Telling of deco- 
ration for the walls of living-room or hall: how the 
eon should be used; how framed, etc. By Sherril 
Schell. 

The Secret of Chrysanthemum Culture—How to have 
this beautiful flower of the Fall months in ~our garden 
and how to raise prize blooms. 

A California Chalet—A distinct type of an informal 
country home in one of the Pacific Slope Valleys. 

The Available Heating Systems—What they are, how 
they work and the comparative costs for installation 
and maintenance. 

An Old-Time House and Garden of Essex — A re- 
modeled Colonial Homestead. 

All the Maples—Which of them are the best 
trees for lawn, street and driveway and 


how to recognize them by their leaves. wae ee 
The Beginners’ Garden—A pag-~ for the 2 nay, 

novice. There are also departments soe >» 

of interior decoration and of the yee) ad 


garden, devoted to the solution 
of subscribers’ individual 


bookcases, corner cupboards and other conveniences. problems. : Ye i 
AY) 
TO NEW SUBSCRIBERS—Send us $3.00 at once (the regular sub- - o SN e 
scription price) and we will enter your subscription to HOUSE & GARDEN oe on oe 
from now until 1911, 14 months in all. This will include the superb Christmas ee x of pe 
issue, the great Building Number in January and the Double Spring Gardening a RS RS ee 
Number in April. Pa 3 x se 
USE THE COUPON TINSEL é 
25ec.a copy at all newsestands. $3.00 a year uf & eS Sake Na gs 
McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., 6 West 29th Street, New York City “wiser” _o¢ 3 
» 2 wy S09 ~ 
Be SSH ©) P : e 
“ ” 


JUST PUBLISHED 


CRAFTSMAN HOMES 


By GUSTAV 


A Book for Architects, Builders, 
Homemakers and Housekeepers 


STICKLEY 


Containing practical house plans, 
exteriors and interiors, suggestions 
for gardens, gates and pergolas, 
models for furniture, metal work 


and needlework. The house plans comprise a choice collection of about 


fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages 


and cabins, ranging in cost from $500 to $15,000. They have won high 

recognition as the first fearless expression of an independent national style 

of building, that meet the needs and characteristics of the American people. 

CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, 
porches and terraces, the effective use of cobblestones, gates and gateways, gardens, 
exterior features and materials, wall space and color schemes, interior woodwork and 
structural features, choice of woods, floors and how to finish them, treatment of interior 
woodwork, decoration and finishing, home cabinet-making, and metal work. 

SIZES: 8%x1linches. Fine India tint plate paper. Duotone sepia ink. Over 200 half- 
tone engravings of exteriors and interiors. Four full-page color plates and portrait 
sketch. Bound in full linen crash. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, $2.24. 


MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York 


Noveiaber, 1909 


base of the roof should be so extended as to 
rest on the walls at their greatest separation, 
and the roof should project considerably so as 
to cap and hold together the structure. At 
Chemakha, in 1902, a roof of this kind pre- 
vented the destruction of the building. ‘The 
material is also important. Tiles should be 
prohibited, on account of their fragility and 
liability to fall. Slates, on the contrary, if 
properly laid and fastened, form a strong roof. 
Zinc and corrugated iron in large sheets are 
the best materials. Metal roofs have the fur- 
ther advantage of being light and elastic. For 
flat roofs armored concrete is best. 

Japan offers the best field for studying the 
effect of earthquakes on wooden buildings, but 
the comparative immunity of Japanese build- 
ings is due largely to their small height and 
dimensions and light materials. Only their 
tile roofs are heavy, and the concave form of 
these adds to their strength. The house, of 
one or two stories, is placed on stone blocks; 
the framing, even of the roof, consists of ver- 
tical and horizontal elements without inclined 
braces; the walls of hurdles covered with mor- 
tar or paper panels. ‘This construction pro- 
duces an independent, deformable, and elastic 
building, which moves and inclines without 
danger so long as the tenons hold. Its very 
weakness constitutes its strength, but this sys- 
tem of construction cannot be generally recom- 
mended. Permanence of form is the first 
requisite, and this has been recognized by the 
Japanese earthquake commission. After the 
earthquake of Lisbon in 1755, stringent regu- 
lations were enforced, and the well-braced 
buildings thereafter constructed have shown 
strong resistance to subsequent earthquakes. 

The steel-frame building presents all the 
advantages of the wood-frame building to- 
gether with less risk of fire, although in a con- 
flagration its elements, if not protected, may 
become deformed and carry down the build- 
ing. Steel-frame construction permits the at- 
tainment of great dimensions and almost un- 
limited height. The steel skyscrapers of San 
Francisco withstood the earthquake nobly. 
But these high towers must be firmly anchored 
to the ground. Although the general frame 
resists well, this is not the case with isolated 
supports, such as posts, which become sheared 
or twisted. Examples of this were observed 
in San Francisco. In particular, steel posts 
supporting heavy floors were bent by the in- 
ertia of the latter in horizontal oscillations. 
The greatest danger connected with large steel 
buildings resides in the construction of the 
walls, which are commonly formed of panels 
of brick, which become detached and fall. The 
British in India have adopted the artifice of 
inclosing a wall between two steel gratings, 
which may be imbedded in cement, but this is 
an approximation toward armored concrete 
construction, which might better be frankly 
adopted. 

All the desired qualities are found to the 
greatest extent in armored concrete; even the 
tisk of fire is reduced to a minimum. It was 
for the sake of protection against fire that 
American builders were led to envelop steel 
posts and girders in concrete, after coverings 
of terra cotta had proven unsatisfactory. Ar- 
mored concrete, furthermore, permits the con- 
struction of an indeformable block, all whose 
parts, walls, floors, and even partitions, al- 
though elastic, are firmly connected and mu- 
tually supporting. Buildings of moderate 
height may be simply placed on a bed of ar- 
mored concrete on the ground, but high build- 
ings should be firmly anchored. When the 
upper soil is soft, a useful resource will be 
found in solid concrete piles cast in shafts 
made with a pile-driver, which compresses the 
surrounding soil. The best argument in favor 
of armored concrete is the behavior of build- 


November, 1909 


ings of this material, which remained erect and 
intact while other buildings were destroyed in 
the catastrophes of San Francisco and Mes- 
sina. 


A NEW KIND OF ILLUMINATING GAS 


HAT is known as the De Laitte sys- 
W tem of lighting houses with gas has 

attracted not a little attention in Eu- 
rope. Private electric light, coal, or kerosene 
gas plants, because of their very large initial 
cost, cannot always be installed. Since gaso- 
line has come into fairly common use and is 
obtainable almost everywhere, a French in- 
ventor, M. Benoit de Laitte, has devised a 
method of generating gas from _ gasoline. 
When gasoline vapor is passed into pipes hav- 
ing a temperature lower than that at which 
the evaporation is accomplished, some of the 
gasoline will recondense into liquid form. Be- 
cause the supply piping is underground and 
exposed to low temperature in winter, not a 
little trouble is thus caused. De Laitte has 
devised a carbureter which is intended com- 
pletely to vaporize gasoline in very cold 
weather without the application of heat. In 
it the temperature of evaporation falls as low 
as —17 deg. Fahr., which is far below the 
lowest winter temperature in most civilized 
countries. For this reason condensation is 
practically impossible. 

It has been found that air will absorb vari- 
able proportions of gasoline, depending upon 
the humidity of the atmosphere. To over- 
come this objection, De Laitte extracts all the 
moisture from the air, which is carefully kept 
from contact with water, and thus the air 
on carburetion is perfectly dry. Hence, a uni- 
form gas is produced without the possibility 
of variation. 

The principle of the De Laitte process con- 
sists in the fact that a measured quantity of 
gasoline is converted into vapor by a measured 
quantity of air passed in a brisk current over a 
large surface of gasoline. The particular part 
of the apparatus in which this is accomplished 
is the carbureter. The current of air is pro- 
duced by means of a drum, which induces a 
certain fixed quantity of air for each revolu- 
tion, and this movement is obtained by a gear 
in such a manner that for every cubic foot of 
air taken up, a fixed amount of gasoline is in- 
duced into the carbureter. By this means a 
gas of unvarying quality is obtained, and per- 
fect evaporation effected. 

The carburetion takes place in a flat metal 
tube of considerable width and small depth. 
The gasoline flows downward, covering a 
large surface, over which the rapid current of 
air is conducted. “The evaporation thus caused 
is so vigorous, that absolutely no residue is left 
when good gasoline is employed, even at a tem- 
perature many degrees below the freezing- 
point. The proper gas is collected in a small 
gosometer, which serves to regulate the pres- 
sure, and which acts on the driving power of 
the drum in such a way that when no gas is re- 
quired, the apparatus is stopped. 

Between thirty and forty towns are lighted 
apparatus is exceedingly small—a weight, 
water power, electricity, hot air, or a gas 
motor being employed. ‘The gas is burned 
with incandescent mantles, but in consequence 
of the exceedingly high temperature and com- 
bustion, the illuminating power is consider- 
ably increased. 


, Cattle Manure 
in Bags fuivorized 
Best and safest manure for florists and 


greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, 
nodanger. Write for circular and prices. 


The Pulverized Manure Co. 
21 Union Stock Yards, Chiocage. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Cut out your doctor’s bills and promote your family’s health and comfort by 
installing a 


HOWARD THERMOSTAT 


WITH CLOCK ATTACHMENT 


Easily applied to all heating plants. Automatically keeps your home at an even, health- 
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If you prefer to have your house cooler at night than during the day, the Clock Attacnm:: 
saves you the trouble of ‘‘getting up early to turn onthedrafts.”” Upon retiring, y 
clock and alarm springs, set the alarm-hand about one hour in advance of rising time,a 
the pointer to the temperature desired for the night. At the hour set, the pointer silently 
moves up to the temperature desired for the day. The motor then makes the correct adjust- 
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Guaranteed for 10 years. Thousands in use more than 25 years. 


Coal saved pays for it; therefore it costs you nothing. The most reliable and most perfect 
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Howard Thermostats Are Sold by Heating Men 


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If you will kindly send us the nameand address of your furnace man, 
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HOWARD THERMOSTAT CO., 354 W. Ist St., Oswego, N.Y. 


New England Office: 188 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass. 
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A No. 3-22 IDEAL Boiler and 600 ft. 
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costing the owner $255, were used to 
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q CLEAN, WHOLESOME, INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING, THE 


Scientific American 


is unique in the current literature of the world and ranks among the great 
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the mysteries of science, mirror the inventive genius of the American 


same results are constantly being devised. In a word, the “SCIENTIFIC 
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DURING THE YEAR 1910 


there will be found in the weekly issues of the ‘“ SCIENTIFIC 
AMERICAN” illustrated articles on the leading events of the day in 
regard to Aeronautics, Automobiles, the Navy, Engineering Works, 
Scientific News, etc. Our brief notes on Electricity, Engineering and 
Science are published in each issue. Our Correspondence Column 
contains letters from all parts of the world. Inour Notes and Queries 
Department are published replies to correspondents in regard to the 
widest range of topics, and an able corps of experts is engaged to 
attend to these queries. A complete list of all patents issued in the 
United States appears in each issue. A department entitled the 
“Handy Man’s Workshop” is published every second or third week. 
We have special correspondents in the various capitals of Europe. 

The “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ”’ is, in fact, a Newspaper 
of Progress, and as such no intelligent family can afford to be 
without it. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. 


Read the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” for Two Months Free 


With a view of extending our subscription list we are prepared for a limited period to 


make you the following: 
SPECIAL OFFER 


If you will fill out the attached coupon and mail it to us with a remittance of $3.00 
in payment for a New subscription for “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” we will enter 
the subscription for one year commencing January 1, 1910, and we will also send 
you absolutely free the numbers for November and December, 1909. 


COUPON 


MUNN & CO., Inc. 


You will thus receive the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” FOR FOURTEEN & Enclosed please 
MONTHS for the price of one year’s subscription. To those who act quickly > find $3.00 for which 
we will also send in addition to the above a copy of our Special Hudson- < send me “Scientific 
Fulton” Souvenir number. This magnificent number has thirty-two American” for one 
pages brimful of timely information and illustrations regarding the my year from Jan. 1,1910 
great explorer and the famous engineer, giving a history of the evolu- KY with Nov. and Dec.. 1909. 


tion of the River Steamboat in the United States and other topics of 
interest. 

As the number of copies of this “Grand Souvenir” available 
for this purpose is very limited it will be necessary for you to 
send in your order at once in order to secure a copy. 


MUNN @® CO., Inc. 
365 BROADWAY NEW YORK, N. Y. 


numbers and a copy of 
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Name 


The Scientific American Boy 


By A. RUSSELL BOND 
12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


i is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- 


ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, 

will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance 
complete practical instructions are given for building the various 
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- 
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also 
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. 
q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of 
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, 
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance 
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- 
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, 
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- 
tilever bridge, are described. 


FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES 


Workman, show how dreams have become realities and that however \ 
well things have been done heretofore, better means of accomplishing the : 


November, 1909 


Between thirty and forty towns are lighted 
on this plan in Europe. In England there are 
about six thousand installations, which include 
hundreds of public buildings, railway stations, 
etc. About twenty or thirty plants are in- 
stalled in India. 


SOAPS FOR REMOVING SPOTS 
Mee soaps sold as spot-removers are 


ordinary cocoanut-oil soaps, and re- 

move only the spots which are pre- 
pared for the purpose by the vender. For ex- 
ample, spots made by daubing cotton goods 
with a mixture of tar and acid can be removed 
with pure water, and completely disappear 
when washed with ordinary soap. ‘True spot- 
removing soaps contain oxgall and turpentine, 
which can be detected by their characteristic 
and powerful odors, even if the soaps are 
scented. 

A good spot-removing soap may be made by 
mixing 20 parts by weight of good hard white 
soap, in very small pieces, with 8 parts of 
water and 12 parts of oxgall. “The mixture is 
allowed to stand over night and is then heated 
gently until solution is complete. The heating 
is continued a little longer, in order to evapo- 
rate some of the water, and 1% part of oil of 
turpentine and 1% part of benzine are stirred 
in, after the vessel has been removed from the 
fire. ‘The still liquid soap is then colored with 
a little ultramarine green, dissolved in ammo- 
nia, and is poured into molds, which are at 
once covered. 

The following process is also recommended, 
but it requires some care, as the soap is easily 
separated by agitation, especially if the oxgall 
is not fresh. In a vessel heated on a water 
bath, 28 parts by weight of cocoanut oil are 
thoroughly incorporated with 5 parts of talc 
or fuller’s earth, 1/10 part of brilliant green 
and 1/50 part of ultramarine green. The 
mixture is allowed to cool to 90 deg. F.; 14 
parts by weight of lye of a strength of 38 
Baumé are then added and, after saponification 
is completed, 5 parts of oxgall are stirred in. 
If any separation takes place, the vessel is 
closely covered and heated on the water bath 
until the mixture becomes uniform. Finally, 
WY part of turpentine and about 8 parts of ben- 
zine are added and the soap is poured into 
molds. 


COMBATING INJURIOUS INSECTS 
WITH THE AID OF THEIR 
NATURAL ENEMIES 


N INTERESTING instance of success- 
A ful warfare waged against injurious 
insects with the aid of their natural 
enemies is reported from Hawaii, where the 
sugar plantations have in recent years been 
threatened with annihilation by the ravages 
of a small cicada, little more than one- 
eighth of an inch long. Professor Kirkaldy, 
the director of the Honolulu Entomological 
Station, has described the little insect and 
named it Parkinstiella saccharicida. It pierces 
the stem of the sugar-cane and extracts the 
sap, causing the plant to wither and die. 
The formidable character of this insect pest 
is due to the amazing rapidity with which 
it multiplies. Six generations are produced 
annually and, on assumption that 20 females 
of each brood live to reproduce their kind, 
it is estimated that the progeny of one 
female, produced in the course of a single year, 
numbers 64,000,000. ‘The insect was un- 
doubtedly introduced with the sugar-cane from 
other countries into Hawaii, where it has 
multiplied enormously, as its natural enemies, 
which limit its numbers elsewhere, do not 
appear to have been imported with it. Ento- 
mologists were, therefore, sent abroad to dis- 
cover the original home of the little cicada, 
to find its natural enemies, and to bring these 


November, 1909 


to Hawaii. It was necessary to extend these 
laborious and costly investigations to every 
part of the world from which sugar-cane 
plants have been imported. The home of the 
insect was finally located in Australia, where 
two of its most formidable enemies were also 
found. “These are two species of ichneumon 
fly, of the genera Paranargus and Ovetertas- 
tichus, which lay their eggs in the eggs of the 
cicada. The first-named species destroys only 
the cicada eggs in which its own eggs are de- 
posited, but the other species pierces only one 
egg of each cluster of cicada eggs and its larva 
destroys the entire cluster. Both species have 
been successfully colonized in Hawaii and the 
prodigious increase of the sugar-cane cicada has 
thus been checked. 


NEW BOOKS 


OnE Hunpbrep Country Housess. Mopern 
AMERICAN Examptes. By Aymar Em- 
bury II. New York: The Century Co. 
Pp. 161264. Price, $3.00; postage, 30 
cents. 

A merely casual examination of this in- 
teresting book discloses the pertinent fact that 
its author has here gathered views of the 
hundred country houses he most admires in 
America; houses, at least, that he deems 
worthy of offering to the inspection of others; 
houses that, in a very full sense of the word, 
invite and compel the admiration of every 
reader. He does not, of course, tell us that of 
all the houses he knows or knows of these 
are unqualifiedly the best and most interest- 
ing; but the collection does not include a 
single house wanting in merit nor one that 
may not rightly be included in any survey of 
the recent country work of our contemporary 
American architects. No one knows better 
than Mr. Embury himself that the collection 
could be greatly expanded, but every book 
has its limits in space, and we can only be 
grateful that so many good buildings are 
illustrated within the covers of a single vol- 
ume. 

This is a book of very distinct character and 
very well-defined purpose. The author avoids 
the expensive house in which so many of our 
architects have accomplished their greatest 
monetary triumphs, and contents himself with 
dwellings of comparatively moderate cost. 
On the other hand, he avoids, with equal 
definiteness, the “cheap” house, of which we 
hear such a clamor, and see so little in real 
excellence. In other words, he has chosen 
the type of house that appeals most quickly 
to people who need to know of houses or who 
may be expected to possess an intelligent in- 
terest in them. 

The book opens with a brief introductory 
chapter, and the author then takes up his sub- 
ject in houses of related character. He classi- 
fies his subject under the headings of “New 
England Colonial,’ “Southern Colonial,” 
“Classic Revival,” “Dutch Colonial,” ‘“Span- 


ish or Mission,” ‘American Farmhouse,” 
‘Elizabethan,’ “Modern English,” “Italian,” 
“Art Nouveau,” and “Japanesque.” The 


concluding chapters treat of “The House and 
Garden” and “The Plan of the House.” In 
the emphasis laid on style, as indicated by the 
chapter headings, the author seems to attach 
an importance to this aspect of house design 
that he, perhaps, does not really believe in. 
This is a phase of architecture that appeals 
very keenly to the layman and should by no 
means be encouraged. It is utterly immaterial 
as to what “style” a house is designed in so 
long as it is a good design and a good house. 
But every book requires some arrangement, 
and that adopted here was doubtless desirable 
for consistent division. 

Save in the last chapter Mr. Embury deals 
only with the exterior of houses. His is not 


\ 


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xxiii 


XXIV 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 


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Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously 


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Modern Plumbing 
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@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- 
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MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 


Scientific American Office, 363 Broadway, New York 


SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 
Traps — Venting 
Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 
House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 
Floor and-Yard Drains, etc. 
Rain Leaders 
Sub-soil Drainage 
Floor Connections 
Roof Connections 
Local Venting 
Bath Room Connections [ete. 
Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, 
Use of Flushing Valves 
Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms 
Durham System 
Plumbing Construction without use of Lead 
Automatic Sewage Lift —Sump Tank 
Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of 
High Buildings 
Country Plumbing 
Cesspools 
The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes 
Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 
Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. 
Examples of Poor Practice 
Roughing — Testing 
Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Circuit and Loop Venting 
Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings 
Cellar Work . 
House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
Plumbing for Cottage House 
Plumbing for Residence 
Plumbing for Two-Flat.House 
Plumbing for Apartment Houses 
Plumbing for Office Buildin 
Plumbing for Public Toilet oonna 
Plumbing for Bath Establishment 
Plumbing for Engine Houses 
Plumbing for Stables 
Plumbing for Factories 
Plumbing for School Houses, etc. fey Electricity 
Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes 


November, 1909 


a book of descriptions, but a discussion of 
the architectural treatment of exteriors. The 
limitation is an important one, since it would 
obviously have been impossible to describe in 
detail the entire contents of a hundred houses 
within any reasonable compass, and the ex- 
igencies of book-making have again necessi- 
tated a definite limitation. This limitation 
need not, however, be regretted, for the out- 
side of the house is, in many respects, its most 
important part, and the same sympathetic dis- 
cussion of these exteriors is the best kind of 
architectural criticism, presented with the 
friendly appreciation of the man who knows 
his own mind and who himself is a master 
of the craft of which he writes so delightfully. 

For Mr. Embury’s book is delightful in 


every way. His photographs are charming 
and admirably selected, and his text con- 
fessedly critical, yet always appreciative— 


since he concerns himself only with houses 
meriting commendation—is charmingly writ- 
ten. It is a book that must distinctly help the 
cause of good architecture in America, and it 
deserves, and no doubt will have, a cordial 
welcome from the readers to whom it espe- 
cially appeals. It is easily the most interesting 
and most helpful book of its kind that has 
appeared for some years. 


Forest TREES OF THE PaciFic SLOPE. By 
George Sudworth, Forest Service, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture. Washing- 
ton: Government Office. Pp. 441. 

This important book is the first of four 
which are to deal with all the native forest 
trees of North America north of the Mexican 
boundary. The region treated includes 
Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Ore- 
gon and California. It thus contains an 
account of the tree species known to inhabit 
the Pacific region, numbering a hundred and 
fifty in all. An extended subject is thus com- 
pressed within very reasonable compass. The 
descriptions and information concerning the 
trees are concisely given, and the value of the 
book is enhanced with numerous illustrations. 


STRUCTURAL DETAILS, OR ELEMENTS OF 
DersicN IN HEAvy FRAMING. By 
Henry S. Jacoby. New York: John 
Wiley & Sons. Pp. 9+368. Price, 
$2.25 net. 

The title of this volume corresponds to a 
course of instruction conducted by the author 
in the College of Civil Engineering in Cornell 
University during the past nineteen years. In 
this course the students receive their first in- 
struction in the application of the principles 
of mechanics to the design of the details of 
structures. Experience has shown that in 
many respects problems involving timber con- 
struction are better adapted for this purpose 
than if confined to structural steel. 

If it may appear at first as if too much at- 
tention to details is given in the examples on 
the design of joints, beams and trusses, the 
author believes that the importance of careful 
study of every detail can only thus be properly 
emphasized. In practise it seems to be the 
exception rather than the rule to give the 
same attention to details of timber structures 
as to those of steel. In the interest of sound 
engineering practise it is essential that all 
connections and details have the same degree 
of security as the framed members. 

In several articles the order of design is 
given in full, with a view of economizing the 
time of the student, and of promoting system- 
atic habits in making the computations re- 
quired, these objects being mnegarded as 
important elements in efficient engineering 
education and practise. 

The volume is published in handsome form, 
and is amply illustrated with diagrams, 
sketches and views. 


COLONIAL 


For cozy corners, dens and general illumination, or for 
emergency use in any room in the house. Especially desir- 
able to use in case of failure of electricity or other illuminant. 
They can be converted into electric fixtures at any time by re- 
moving the candle-cups and adding sockets and necessary wire. 

High-class designs, superbly finished in Polished Brass, 
Brushed Brass, Oxidized Copper, Steel, Dead Black or 
Nickel Plate. Unless otherwise ordered Brushed-Brass finish 
will be sent. 

Sent prepaid to any part of the United States on receipt 
of price. 

If not perfectly satisfactory on receipt they may be returned 
at our expense and money will be cheerfully refunded without 
asking questions. 

No goods shipped until receipt of remittance 
1-Light Bracket - - $1.45 2-Light Fixture - - $4.60 
7 cs i es Sea ee - - 5.40 
2 Z - - 2.85 3 “ “ 


Complete with candles ready to put up. On orders of two or more 
brackets or fixtures, an extra box of 1 dozen candles will be included. 


THE F. W. WAKEFIELD BRASS CoO. 


Sole Manufacturers of Wakefield Standard Universal I.ighting 
Department G Fixtures (Patented) VERMILION, O. 


Colonial Flouses 
FOR MODERN HOMES 


COLLECTION of designs of houses 
AL with Colonial (Georgian) details, but 
arranged with modern comforts and 
the completeness of the twentieth oentury. 


Written @ Illustrated by E.S. CHIL, Architect 


They show large, correctly drawn perspec. 
tives, full floor plans, and complete descrip- 
tions, with estimates of cost. The designs are 
tew, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff 
nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but 
by anarchitect. They combine beauty of ex- 
terior with complete and convenient interiors, 
with kitchens, laundries, pantries and closets 
carefully and skilfully considered, 

you are at all interested in the subject, 
you will enjoy this publication. 


Price, postpaid, $2.00 
MUNN & CO. Inc., 361 Broadway, New York 


JUST PUBLISHED 


The New Building Estimator 


BY WILLIAM ARTHUR 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 
Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Buider - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 
wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 
stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 
CLINTON, MASS. 


Fireproofing Departments: 

ALBERT OLIVER, 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK 
WASHINGTON: Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building ST. LOUIS: Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 
CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street | SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Monadnock Bldg 
BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc. SEATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 
CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl, Horix 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company 


Koll’s Patent 
Lock-Joint Columns 


A PRACTICAL guide to estimating the 

cost of labor and material in building 
construction from excavation to finish, with 
various practical examples of work pre- 
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chiefly in hours and quantities. A hand-book for 


The Best for Pergolas, Porches or 


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architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- HELL cglely by 


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inches, 437 pages, cloth bound. Price, $2.50 postpaid | ) HH! Company 


AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS 


Elston and Webster Avenues 
CHICAGO, ILL. 


Eastern Office, 1123 Broadway 


A circular describing this book will be mailed on application Wail fies eS 


MUNN & CO. Inc., 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or 
A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, etc. (See 
also " Sweet's Index.") 


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CLOCKS 


Our line comprises the 
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nearly every detail and 
the purchaser is assured 
that he can buy the best 
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We will soon have 
ready for delivery, our new 
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chimes either Westmin- 
ster, Whittington or St. 
Michaels. 


Our “Willard” or Banjo 
Clock is a model of perfec- 
tion and appeals to those 
who desire a first-class 
article in every respect. 


If your local dealer does 
not sell our line, send direct 
for illustrated catalogue. 


Waltham Clock Company 
Waltham, Mass. 


Holiday Gifts of Unusual Character 


In the search for Holiday Gifts of unusual character our ten 


spacious floors, filled with everything that contributes to the luxury 
and comfort of the home, afford a wealth of practical suggestions 
in Gift Articles distinctly out of the ordinary. 


There are many exclusive novelties and imported Objects of 
Art, also Tables, Desks, Chairs and unique pieces of Flint’s Fine 
Furniture especially appropriate for Christmas Gifts. Many of 
these pieces cannot be duplicated. Early selection is advised. 


Every piece is marked in plain figures and we particularly 
invite comparison of prices with the best values obtainable 


elsewhere. 
Geo. C. Funt Co. 


43-47 West 23"ST. ~—- 24-28 West 24" St 


Erected for Howard Gould, at Castlegould, L. I. 


You're Fond of Flowers? 


Then why not have them 
all Winter > 


A greenhouse will be one of the greatest pleasures you 
ever put your money in—and a lasting pleasure at that. 


Flowers whenever you want them, either potted or 
cut—and fresh, crisp vegetables. A place to delightfully 
work off a little surplus energy and time. It doesn’t neces- 
sarily have to be a large house—just large enough to look 
after yourself, if you want to. 


May we send you some interesting information on the 
subject > 


Hitchings & Company 


Designing and Sales Offices General Offices and Factory 
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ELIZABETH, N. J. 


Furniture From 
MAKER TO USER 


OHR-MADE Art Furniture 
is that distinctly different 
sort that not only instantly 
fascinates those in quest 
of the unique, but every 

article possesses the distinguishing 
attributes of durability and artistic 
design—bears on its face the indeli- 
ble imprint of quality and character. 


Consider us—our designers—our 
artists—our entire organization at 
your service. From penciled sketch 
to finished product we'll serve you 
intelligently with the knowledge 
born of more than fifty-eight years 
of untiring devotion to the art. 


Designs, estimates, etc., cheerfully furnished — 
without charge. 


FMOHR 5 «. 


34th St. Cor. Broadway New York City 
na : 


December, 1909 


falda 
-._ Faw 


A Wanamaker Suggestion 


THE “TRENT” COLONIAL TEA TRAY 


A Christmas Gift that Will Be a 
Real ‘Compliment of the Season” 


Price, $12.65—Carriage Paid 


2OR the approaching season of mistletoe and holly, what Christmas gift 
will carry such a cheery greeting as one which will recall pleasant 


What keepsake will awaken more charming retrospect and prove a more 
delicate and real compliment to your friend’s 
taste, than one of these quaint, pretty, old- 
fashioned Colonial Tea Trays? 


The “Trent” Tray is a reproduction of a valuable 
antique supposed to have been made by Sheraton. 


This Tray is made of specially selected Honduras ma- 
hogany, and is beautifully, though simply, inlaid with satin- 
wood and holly border. It is wax eggshell finish to insure 
best service. The rim is shaped by hand. Solid brass handles. 


Diameter (over all) 1914 inches, price $12.65 —delivered 
anywhere in the United States. 


Lovers of Colonial things, who would like 

to send some tasteful bit to a friend, will receive 
The “Trent” Tray, No. D-336 on request, pictures and prices from our excep- 
tional collection. Tell us what you have in mind, 

or let us know what you care to expend, and we will help you make a selection. 


Also tell us what you want in other lines—Furniture, Wearing Apparel for men, 
women and children, Dry Goods, Jewelry, Books, Fancy Goods, etc. The right catalog 
will come to you by next mail. The Wanamaker Holiday Catalogs of Gifts and Toys 
are now ready. Please write for them. 


Section B—jJOHN WANAMAKER—New York 


Sampleand JY A House Lined with 


Circular 


" £ Mineral Wool 


as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, 
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. 

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, 
nor insects can make their way through or live in it. 


MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and 


keeps out dampness. 


vi 


CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 


U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 


140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY 


A CROSE-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, 


+++ 4444444444 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


AATHSON, 
eM JIN 


The Old 
Swinging Lantern 


is not alone valuable for its 
guaint beauty of outline, but 
when hung from acorner of den 
or living-room, often proves 
most desirable as a reading lamp. 


THE ENOS COMPANY 


Makers of Lighting Fixtures 
Office and Factory: Salesrooms : 

SEVENTH AVE, & 16th ST. 36 WEST 37th ST. 

NEW YORK 
BALTIMORE—519 North Charles Street 
SAN FRANCISCO—334 Sutter Street 
TORONTO—94 King Street, West 
PITTSBURGH—The Norton Co., Century Building 
CHICAGO—W,. K. Cowan Co., 203 Michigan 


Boulevard 


SPOKANE—Cutte: & Plummer, Inc. 
SEATTLE—Cox & Gleason Co., 1914 Second Ave. 
ST. LOUIS—N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. 
BOSTON—H. F. Estabrook, Inc., 9 Park Street 
PORTLAND — J. C. English 
Co., 128 Park Street 
BIRMINGHAM—R. W. Knight 
& Co. i 
LOS ANGELES—Brooks Dec- 
orating Co, 696 South 
Alvarado Street 


DAMP PETRIF AX RESISTING 


Interior and Exterior Coating for Brick, 
Concrete or Cement. 


“If the Coat Fits, Put It On’’ 
DEXTER BROTHERS’ 
English Shingle Stains 


produce soft even shades in Moss Greens, 
Tile Reds, and Beautiful Silver Grays. W7zte 
for Catalogue and Samples, 


DEXTER BROTHERS CO. 


105 Broad Street, BOSTON 
Branch Office, 542 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK 


AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., 651 Washington Blyd., Chi- 
cago; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H. 
McDonald, 619 The Gilbert, Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe 
& Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.; 
M. D. Francis, Atlanta, Ga.; F. S. Coombs, Halifax, N. S. 


Antiques 


Photographs and de- 
scriptions of genuine 
antique pieces sent on 

: request. List your wants 
=25GEN| of antiques with me. 


|RALPH WARREN BURNHAM 


IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS 


No Night Fireman Needed 


WITH THIS ONLY SELF-FEEDING HEATER 


The Wilks Hot Water Heater furnishes the 
safest, easiest, cheapest way to provide heat and 
hot waiter at all times for farm buildings, garages, 
cottages, poultry houses, brooders, green-houses, 
golf and yacht clubs, etc., and is the only 

mS heater that feeds itseif. Improved coal mag- 
© azine keeps an even fire ro hours. 


Wilks Heaters 


are built of best sce? instead of the unrelfable cast 
iron commonly used. Strongly riveted, caulked and 
reinforced. Write for Free Book describing, giving 
zes, prices, etc. State full particulars and we will 
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antee it to give satisfaction if installed according 
Mito our directions. 
S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 
3544 Shields Avenue, Chicago 


il 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


American Estates and Gardens 


By BARR FERREE 


Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’? Corresponding Member 
of the American Institute of Architects and of the 
Royal Institute of British Architects 


4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover 
and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. 


Price, $10.00 


A sumptuous book, dealing 

with some of the most stately 

houses and charming gardens 
in America. The illustrations are in 
nearly all cases made from original 
photogiaphs, and are beautifully printed 
on double coated paper. Attractively 
bound. The book will prove one of 
the most interesting books of the year 
and will fill the wants of those who 
desire to purchase a luxurious book 
on our American Homes. 


Hunn & Company 


Publishers of ‘‘Scientific American’’ 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


= oN 


THE NEW AGRICULTURE 


By 
T. BYARD COLLINS 


HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have 
taken place in American agricultural methods which are 
transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 
independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 
to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period 
in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the 

desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject 

ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. 


In brief, the Contents are as follows: 


CHAPTERI. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. 


CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the Great West, and also 
hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not 
hitherto been found necessary. 


CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inoculating the soil 
by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. 


CHAPTERIV. Deals with the popular awaking to the importance of canals and good roads, and their rela- 
tion to economy and social well-being. 


CHAPTER V. Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. 
CHAPTER VI. Givesa description of some new human creations in the plant world. 


CHAPTER VII _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modi- 
fications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. 


8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 
100 Illustrations 
Price, $2 00, Postpaid 


CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. 


CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, 
making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. 


CHAPTER X.~ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most 
expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. 


MUNN & CO., INC., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 


December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii 


“DEFIANCE” 


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= Substantially bound, in illuminated board covers, printed on coated paper; size, 8x9% = DEFIANCE, OHIO 
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= TWO FAMILY AND TWIN HOUSES = 
= Illustrated by a large variety of designs of recent work by Architects making = 
= a specialty of this class of buildings, and will be found a most suggestive book to those = 
= desiring to improve properties. Size, 8x9/% inches; illustrated boards. Price, $2.00. = 
a ARTISTIC PRACTICAL HOUSES = 
— BY E. S. CHILD, Architect — 
— A collection of unique houses, with sensible, practical floor arrangements for == 
= homes of moderate cost; 14x17; paper. Price, $2.00. = 
= COLONIAL HOUSES FOR MODERN HOMES = = 
= BY E. S. CHILD, Architect = re ips Bred 
= A collection of designs of houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged = ie oo ediate 
=  _ with modern comforts, and with the completeness of 20th Century. From $4,000 = 
= to $30,000. Written and illustrated by author. Price, $2.00. = 
= COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES = 
= BY WM. DEWSNABP, Architect = 
= A collection of interior and exterior perspective sketches and floor plans, for up- = 
= to-date houses in the Colonial, artistic and other styles. Paper, oblong. Price, $1.50. = 
= MODERN HOMES = 
= BY JACOB WIND, Jr. = 
= This collection of house designs gives many attractive one and two-story build- = 
= ings, together with plans, and descriptions of same. Those desiring to build will = 
= find much suggestive matter in it. Oblong, paper. Price, 50 Cents. = 
= APARTMENT HOUSES = — 
= Special number of the “‘Architects’ and Builders’ Magazine,’’? devoted to = Design No. 405—Book No. 3 
= Apartment House, illustrating many late designs for this class of houses together == 
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= 50 Cents : 5 7 > = || THEYRE FILLED WITH PRACTICAL 
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= FLATS, URBAN HOUSES AND COTTAGE HOMES = No. 1. 25 Residences, cost $1,500 to $5,000 _..... $ .50 
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= THE MODERN HOME = WE ENTER LARGE COMPETITIONS 
= BY WALTER SHAW SPARROW = FOR ANY TYPE BUILDING 
= This book illustrates the English Home of to-day, with chapters on interiors, fur- = 
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= A BOOK ON COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE, ENTITLED = 
= AMERICAN RENAISSANCE = 
= BY JOY WHEELER DOW, Architect = 
= A review of domestic architecture, illustrated by ninety-six half-tone plates. = 
= This book is a carefully prepared history of American Architecture from Colonial == 
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= RUMFORD FIREPLACES AND HOW THEY ARE MADE = = 
= BY G. CURTIS GILLESPIE, M.E., Architect = "THE most modern, and best illuminating and 
= Containing Benjamin, Count of Rumford’s essay on “‘Proper Fireplace Con- = ._, cooking service for isolated homes and institutions, 
= struction.”” Nearly 200 illustrations, including the original Rumford drawings, = : ee y iene tectap eRe 
= diagrams for fireplace construction and numerous ancient and modern mantels. = Aare Fafeanlin advance B eciPance aurea 
= One 12mo volume; illuminated cover. Price, $2.00. = Gacbed hectettvater fon baikendicalinery purposes 
= SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, SAMPLE = heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump- 
= OF THE “ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ MAGAZINE” = ing or power engine in most efficient and economical 
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= Published Monthly at $2.00 a Year and Circular of Students and = MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA- 
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iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


Is Our Latest Pattern 


ALL STEEL RAIL AND HANGER 
FRAME 


Le ! l , | Ke A ) @ The simplest and cheapest 


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LANE BROS. CO. 


434.466 PROSPECT STREET POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 


FIFTY-FOUR YEARS OF QUALITY 


GUARANTEE LABELS 


Guarantee labels on enameled ironware are various and are variously 
translated in practice. 

Careful architects have come to understand that it is the spirit 
behind the guarantee that counts for most after all. The liberal, 
unquestioning, make-good policy behind every Wolff guarantee is 
responsible for unvarying Wolff specification as often as is the 


leadership of Wolff design. 


L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. 


Established 1855 {-—=—=———<—$a <—$<—$<—$— ——_——————— 
MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY 


The only complete line made by any one firm 


GENERAL OFFICES: 601 LAKE STREET 
SHOWROOMS: 91 DEARBORN STREET | CHICAGO 


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Minneapolis, Minn.: 615 Northwestern Building Cleveland, Ohio: Builders’ Exchange 
Kansas City, Mo.: 1209 Scarrett Building Washington, D. C.: 327-328 Bond Building 
San Francisco, Cal.: Monadnock Building Buffalo, N. Y.: 77 Richmond Avenue 


Omaha, Neb.: 1108-12 Nicholas Street 


GRAFTING FOR BOYS 
By E. P. Powell 


T IS getting to be difficult, anywhere about 
| the country, to secure the services of a com- 
petent grafter. Fifty years ago the Connec- 
ticut pioneers, moving westward, carried the 
art with them. It was very seldom that a 
New England boy of ten could not graft apple 
trees. Each family took from the old home 
lot a few scions of Spitzenburg and Swaar and 
Pound Sweet, so that in this way the choicest 
New England fruit was soon to be obtained all 
along the pioneering route through New York, 
Ohio and Michigan. I do not understand en- 
tirely why this has become a lost art, the art 
of putting the best fruit into seedling trees. It 
is very likely that it has come about from the 
fact that we can buy from nurserymen grafted 
trees. It is true, however, that our very best 
way to secure a good orchard is to grow seed- 
lings, and graft them ourselves. 

It is a simple affair, and our boys ought to 
be taught the art, together with a good deal 
more agricultural information and practise in 
our schools. We shall come to that after 
awhile, but for the present I urge upon every 
country dweller to have a little nursery for the 
raising of good stock. When the young apple 
trees have grown to about five feet, eliminate 
every scabby tree and those which show signs 
of lack of vitality, or ability to resist the frost. 
Selecting the best, teach your boys to insert 
the scions by cleft grafting. This kind of work 
interests the lads and makes home life a good 
deal more entertaining. After a little practise 
you will find a passion for collecting and pre- 
serving choice novelties in the fruit line that 
would otherwise be lost. ‘These seedlings are 
making themselves useful in localities every- 
where, and are appreciated by the neighbor- 
hood. Many of them ought to be multiplied 
and distributed to the people at large. When 
your children have learned this art, they can 
apply it to roses and shrubs quite as readily as 
to fruit. Budding is but little more difficult. 

Grafting and budding are based on the fact 
that the cells of a scion will determine the char- 
acter of a fruit on a grafted limb—that is for 
the most part. It is quite true, however, that 
the stock will also more or less modify the scion. 
Here comes in a nice problem for the young 
grafter, and he will soon be trying to improve 
sorts, and grow better kinds of apples and 
pears. Inarching is a form of grafting, where 
two plants stand near together, and you wish 
to multiply the one at the expense of the other. 
Draw over the limb that you wish to propagate, 
and where it touches the other stalk insert it in 
a clean cut that will just admit it. ‘Tie the 
branch there firmly for a few weeks and you 
will find that a union has taken place. Skilful 
horticulturists practice over one hundred 
different ways of grafting and budding. Now 
what I am at is to encourage the boys and the 
girls also to practice this art, and to get so 
familiar with it that they will devise new 
methods themselves. It is also excellent 
discipline, because it requires exactness and 
precision of workmanship. 

If this business of grafting is carried out 
scientifically and studiously it will constitute 
a good big chapter of education for the young 
fellow. Of course he understands very easily 
that his work is intended to propagate a 
variety that will not come true from seed. If 
he sows his pear seeds from a Sheldon, they 
will give him all sorts of new things; but if 
he inserts a scion of Sheldon in a wild stock 
he gets Sheldon. Only there is, every time, a 
little modification, and just how much modifi- 
cation he can make in the way of improvement 
is a problem for him. He knows that he can 
not graft apples into maples, or he ought to 
veraft a plum into a peach, or a peach into a 
know it, but just how wide this possibility of 
uniting species goes he must find out. He can 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v 


graft a plum into a peach, or a peach into a 
plum, or into an apricot; but an apple graft 
will almost never unite with a pear stock, and 
if it does will not develop freely. Plants of 
different genera are not sure to unite, even in 
the same family. Here is a good big field for 
the boy to investigate. He will find his pears 
growing in quince bushes, but he will not find 
his apples growing in the same bushes. It is 
hard to tell why, because they are all in the 
Rosaceze family. He has a lot more to learn 
along this line, and a good many problems 
that are not yet solved are open before him. 


ON WATERPROOFING CONCRETE 
Cc) ACCOUNT of the number of in- 


quiries received from correspondents 

as to methods of waterproofing cement 

blocks or monolithic concrete, the Sci- 
entific American has been investigating what is 
being done in the way of improvement of ex- 
isting methods. 

The Concrete Association of America has 
conducted a valuable series of experiments and 
distributes its findings free of charge in a pub- 
lic-spirited manner, but the results obtained 
are largely negative. 

Some preparations are found to be effective 
under certain conditions, but none hitherto has 
been found to be equally reliable with all mix- 
tures and under all circumstances. 

The need and requirements of external 
paint for concrete, if only to counteract the 
variable porosity which cannot be avoided un- 
less the personal equation in concrete mixing 
is eliminated, is so well put in a paper read be- 
fore the recent convention of the American 
Society for Testing Materials, by Mr. G. D. 
White, that we quote a part of it by permis- 
sion: 

“Unless extreme care is exercised in the 
preparation, mixing, and workmanship of con- 
crete for solid or reinforced work, which is not 
always commercially possible, the resultant 
concrete is not impermeable, or at least not 
uniformly impermeable to water or moisture. 
Where perfect materials have been used with 
perfect workmanship, we have another difh- 
culty, another problem to solve. Concrete is 
a non-conductor of heat. It is, naturally, a 
cold-blooded animal. ‘The difference in tem- 
perature between the concrete wall and the 
atmosphere (the warmer the day the greater 
the difference in temperature) causes a con- 
densation of moisture on the surface. This is 
annoying, and a detriment to health in living 
and office rooms; a loss of room or loss by 
damage in storerooms and warehouses; an ob- 
jection in any building, no matter what its na- 
ture or purpose. 

“Hollow concrete blocks, tiles, brick, etc., 
have various defects. They are not only 
porous but capillary positive, and thus absorb 
moisture from 5 to 40 per cent. of their own 
weight. Due to rain and snow, walls built 
of these materials become water-soaked, and 
remain soaked for varying lengths of time. 
During certain seasons of the year, and espe- 
cially in some sections of our country, they re- 
main soaked for months. 

“The fact that dry walls are essential to 
health and comfort is generally known, and so 
well appreciated that the question of dampness 
has been a restraining agent to a much larger 
and more extensive use of concrete by the 
building trades of this and other countries. 

“The tendency to stain, the frequence of 
efflorescence, and difference in color due to 
difference in materials and to intermissions in 
concrete are defects of a less serious nature. 

“A drawback that includes concrete in all 
forms is the uninviting, unattractive color. 
Replace our buildings of marble, of terra 
cotta, of granite, of wood handsomely deco- 
rated, with buildings of concrete, and note the 
contrast. The dirty gray of ordinary cement 


rae woes. 


The Rqurtan,y Live ASsuRAXCE Societe 


Intelligently, 
Thoroughly, 
Honestly Done 


This testimony to the character 
of the work of the Davey tree 
experts is typical of the hundreds 
aeons to have deen intelligently, thorely and hovestly cheerfully given by patrons. The 
supreme test of any accomplish- 
ment is its endurance—its per- 
manent benefits, as measured by 
the passing seasons. Note par- 
ticularly that this typical expres 
sion as to the results of its prac- 


Tours = 
tical application 1s the 


Verdict on Davey Tree Surgery 
After the Test of Years 


Compared with the partial success, often amounting to real failure, of 
the ‘‘tree doctors,’’ so called, who have entered the work with so little 
appreciation of its significance or requirements. The completely 
efficient work of the Davey tree experts is not difficult toexplain when 
the foundations of the Davey methods are clearly understood. 


“Our Wounded Friends, 


the Trees’ — 


The Davey Book of Why and How tells in 
full the fascinating story ‘of the glorious 
fruition of the life-werk of John Davey,—too 
expensive for indiscriminate’ distribution, 
will be mailed free to any owner of trees who 
writes forit to Desk 2 , 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT 
COMPANY 
(Operating Dabey’s School of 
Practical Forestry) 

KENT, OHIO 


Dear Giri~ 


Replying to yours of tha 9th Lnatey 
K would say that years ago you 414 eae work on 


my trece = several tundred of thes - anf 1 have 


had work done by other people on these and other 


Urtea, Your work, after the years Put have elepeed, 


done. 


JOHN DAVEY 
Father of Tree Surgery 


THe Garben Lover's Girt 


THE GARDEN CALENDAR for 1910, by EllenP. 

Williams, is the gift for every garden lover. 
Here alone can you get the information you wish 
about your roses, your shrubs, your annuals, your 
perennials, your trees, 
and everything in and 
about your lawn, just 
when you want it. 
Thatisthecompelling _ 
feature of THE GARDEN 
CALENDAR. Yougetwhat 
you want, just when 
you want it. There 


isn’t any searching 
through hidden 


volumes to learn how 
to make your peonies 
bloom, how to keep 
the rust from your 
roses, how to outwit 
nature even and make 
everything do its best. 
It’s here in THE GARDEN 
CALENDAR on the very 
day when you need 
the advice. Order a 
copy to-day. To be 
had at the leading 
book and stationery 
stores; or mailed by the 
publishers in a box, price 
postage paid $1.00. 

ASK FOR A CIRCULAR OF ALL OUR CALENDARS 


THE FRANKLIN PRINTING C0., 526 Ludlow St., Phila. 


Full size 73414 inches 
Illustration by Emlen McConnell 


REFUSE 
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By Stenches from Backyard Debris 


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Underground Earth Closets for Camps 
Portable Metal Houses for Above 
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High-class Bathroom Accessories 


SOLD DIRECT. Send for Circular on each 


Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg., 21 Farrar Street 
Lynn, Massachusetts 


WE MAKE THE PERMANENT KIND OF 


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that is thoroughly distinctive and which gives that artistic 


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Rustic Tea Houses, Boat and Bath Houses, Arbors, Pergolas, Back Stops for 


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Catalog and Sketches Sent upon Application 


RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION WORKS, 33 Fulton Street, New York City 


This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 


make up the illustrations. 


ever brought out. 
plates. One dollar each. 


MUNN & CO., INC., 


LOW-COST SUBURBAN HOMES 


A Practical Guide for Prospective Home-Builders 


This book contains 90 illustrations of plans and photographs of houses which 
have been successfully built at a cost ranging from $1,000 to $10,000, with de- 
scriptive articles and an estimate of the cost of most houses described. Only 
the newest and best have been selected. General views of exteriors, diagrams 
ofinteriors, interior decorations and furnishings, and full construction plans 


Only Most Eminent Architects Are Contributors 


If You’re Planning to Build—If You Need Ideas on How toImprove Your Home 
SEND FOR THIS BOOK. The Cost Is Nominal. 


McBRIDE, WINSTON & CO., Dep’t L, 6 WEST 29TH ST., NEW YORK 


Cottage Designs 


By far the most complete collection of plans 
Illustrated with full-page 
Sold separately. 


361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Art Paper Cover, 
Price, 25 cents postpaid 


Art Vellum Cloth Cover, 
Price, 50 cents postpaid 


No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS 


Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost 


from $600 to $1,500. 
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES 


Upward of twenty-five designs, costing 
from $1,000 to $3,000. 


No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS 


Twenty designs, at costs ranging from 


$2,800 to $7,000. 
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES 


Twenty selected designs, costing from 
about $3,000 upward. 


vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


oo 


Cross section 
showing con- 
struction of 
1%s inch door. 


i The Beauty of Quarter-sawed Oak 
is brought out to perfection by our process of making veneers and 
|| by the careful attention given to the finish of each and every door. 


“rae 


The name 
“Morgan” 
is branded 
on each door. 


Country Homes 


may enjoy city comforts and 
conveniences at less cost than 
Kerosene, Acetylene or Elec- 
tricity, with none of their dan- 
gers, by using the Automatic 


Economy Gas Machine 


b Produces light, kitchen and 
laundry fuel. Lighted the same as electric, but 
without batteries. Write for booklet, ‘‘ The 
Economy Way.’’ 


ECONOMY GAS MACHINE CO., Sole Mfrs., 
437 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 


Most economical, healthful and sat- 
isfactory—for old or new houses, 
different patterns to match furnish- 
ings. Outwear carpets. Stocks car- 


ried in the leading cities, 
HARDWOOD ein on ornamental 


THICK OR THIN. 


Write for 
LOORS ..:8% 
CATALOGUE 


THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO.== INDIANAPOLIS 


Shetland Ponies 


An unceasing source of pleasure and robust health to 
children. Make an ideal Christmas gift. S fe. 
Inexpensive to keep, Highest type. Many 
champions. Stallions and mares for 
breeding. Complete outfits. Our 

we 
aot 


beautifully illustrated free catalogue 
tells al] about them 


BELLE MEADE FAR 
Dept. W. Markham, Va, 


CUNCH right through the 

standing seam of metal 
roofs. No rails are needed 
unless desired. We make a 
similar one for slate roofs. 


Send for Circular 
Berger Bros. Co. 


PHILADELPHIA ° 


are perfect doors. Built of several layers with grain running crosswise, pressed together with water- 
proof glue, making shrinking, warping or swelling impossible. Veneered in all varieties of hardwood— 
birch, plain or quarter-sawed red or white oak, brown ash, mahogany, etc. 

Morgan Doors are light, remarkably strong and absolutely perfect in every detail of construction. 
Each Morgan Door is stamped ‘‘Morgan’’ which guarantees quality, style, durability and satisfaction, 
in our new book, “‘The Door Beautiful,’” Morgan Doors are shown in their natural color and in 
all styles of architecture—Colonial, Empire, Mission, etc., and it is explained why they are the best 
and cheapest doors for permanent satisfaction in any building. J# copy will be sent on request. 
Architects: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet's index, pages 678 and 679. 


BRISTOL’S 
RECORDING 
THERMOMETERS 


make continuous records of atmos- 
heric temperatures, and are designed 
or both indoor and outdoor tempera- 


SS SS 


\ e e tures. Send for new catalogues. 
| Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. THE BRISTOL COMPANY, WATERBURY, CONN. 
| Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill. NEw YORK ranches CHICAGO 


Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 


Morgan Company, Baltimore, Marylands 


eres 


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/ 


See erersserremrsecommmmmre ETtE 


Its Chemistry, Manufacture C&, Use 


Scientific American Supplement 1372 contains an 
article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution 
of Portland cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1396 discusses 
the testing of cement. 


Scientific American Supplement 1325 contains an 
article by Prof William K. Hatt giving an his- 
torical sketch of slag cement, 

Scientific American Supplements 955 and 1042 
give good accounts of cement testing and com- 
position, by the well-known authority, Spencer 
B. Newberry. 


Scientific American Supplements 1510 and 1511 
present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on 
the constitution of Portland cement from a 
physico-chemical standpoint. 


Scientific American Supplement 1491 gives some 
fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland 
cement. 


Scientific American Supplements 1465 and 1466 
publish an exhaustive illustrated account of the 
Edison Portland cement works, describing the 
machinery used. 

Scientific American Supplement 1519 contains an 
essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with 
materials which retard the activity of Portland 
cement, 

Scientific American Supplement 1561 presents an 
excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of 
mortars and cements. 

Scientific American Supplement 1533 contains a 
resumé of the cemient industry and gives some 
valuable formulae. 

Scientific American Supplement 1575 discusses 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L, 
Stone is the author. 

Scientific American Supplements 1587 and 1588 
contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on 
cement material and industry ot the U. S. 


Any ene of these Supplements will be sent for 10 cents. The entire set costs $1.60, and 
constitutes an invaluable text book on the subject. Order from your Newsdealer or from 


MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York 


Which Price Do You 
Pay? $15 or $7.50? 


This Morris Chair in Quartered 
White Oak costs you tbe high price — 
at any store —you save half or more 
buying direct from our factory ‘in 
sections’ ready to fasten and stain. 
Choice of seven finishes. 

T 


Over One Hundred other handsome pieces in our new catalogue 
Write for it to-day Formerly International Mifg. Co. 
COME-PACKT FURNITURE CO.,1239 Edwin St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 


- SECTIONAL 


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Cattle Manure 
in Bags ‘Putverised 
Best and safest manure for florists and 


greenhouse use, absolutely pure, no waste, 
no danger. Write for circular and prices. 


a The Pulverized Manure Co. 
== 21 Unien Stock Yards, Chicago. 


The Scientific American Boy 


By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pages, 340 illus. $2.00 postpaid 
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE 


Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from af- 
fording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. 
Complete practical instructions are given for building the vari- 
ous articles, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii 


or concrete becomes monotonous to the ob- 
server even where there is but a sprinkling of 
concrete among buildings of more pleasing con- 
struction. 

“Tf to the strength, cheapness, durability, 
and fire-resisting properties of concrete can be 
added impermeability to moisture and decora- 
tion, we will have a building material as 
nearly perfect as the world has ever seen, and 
this within the means of every builder. 

“In recognition of this fact, various con- 
cerns and individuals have placed on the mar- 
ket and recommend as a solution to the prob- 
lem, various treatments and coatings. 

“For the sake of convenience, I will divide 
these into four classes. In my investigation of 
the various treatments and materials included 
in these classes, I have endeavored to be un- 
prejudiced, and to give to each its true worth 
and full value. 

“T. Waterproofing Compounds in Liquid 
or Powdered Form, Mixed with the Concrete 
in Its Preparation. 

“This is a help in that it lessens and retards, 
in a measure, the moisture-absorbing tendency 
of concrete. It fails in the desired attainment 
for the following reasons: 

“Improper distribution, which is difficult of 
regulation. 

“When properly distributed, it does not ren- 
der concrete entirely impervious to moisture. 

“Tt has a tendency to weaken the tensile 
strength of concrete. 

“Tt does not decorate. 

“The increase in value is not proportionate 
with the increase in cost. 

“It deteriorates with age, that is, a concrete 
block containing the waterproofing compound, 
on the first application of water will absorb 
certain varying quantities. On subsequent ap- 
plications, allowing the block to dry in each 
instance, larger quantities are absorbed. 

“TI. Treatments Preparatory to the Use of 
Linseed-oil Paints. 

“Treatments in various forms have been 
advanced and recommended by some of our 
leading master painters, and endorsed by most 
able research chemists. For the sake of brev- 
ity, I have included in my paper but three of 
these treatments: (a) Hydrochloric or muri- 
atic-acid wash; (4) a wash consisting of a so- 
lution of zinc sulphate and water; (c) a wash 
consisting of ammonium carbonate and water. 

“From a chemical standpoint, muriatic acid, 
no matter in what strength, nor what the char- 
acter of the concrete, is not only useless as a 
remedy, but detrimental in its action. Master 
painters who have endeavored to put it in prac- 
tice have discovered to their sorrow a con- 
firmation or a demonstration of the chemical 
theory. 

“Theory favors and practical tests confirm 
as the best adapted to the purpose, the former 
of the two latter methods.” 

The author proceeds to give the chemical 
reactions of these various washes with the con- 
crete ingredients, and shows’ in a convincing 
manner the reasons why they fail in their de- 
sired object. He adds: 

“The treatment with zinc sulphate or am- 
monium carbonate, even though successful, 
does not ofter a solution to the problem, be- 
cause a linseed-oil paint is unsuited for either 
exterior or interior painting of concrete. “The 
gloss robs the surface of the appearance of 
stone or masonry. Linseed oil has water- 
absorbing and lacks water-resisting properties. 
It can not be applied over a damp or wet sur- 
face, which means that following a rainstorm 
or rainy season, a painter must wait weeks and 
perhaps months before he can commence work 
on or complete a contract already begun. 

“TII. Colorless Liquid Coatings. 

“Certain of these may be of some value or 
service in retarding moisture absorption and 
efflorescence, but they are all alike found lack- 
ing in the following respects: 


We borrowed this dance 

From the days of the past 

And the wonder grows as 
we dance it— 

How they kept up the pace 

And the strength of the race 
without 


Uneeda 
Biscuit 


The Soda Cracker that makes the Nation strong. 


NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 


Complimentary Portfolio of Color Plates 
Notable Examples of 


INEXPENSIVE DECORATION AND FURNISHING 


“The House Beautiful” is an illustrated monthly magazine, 
which gives you the world’s best authority on every feature of 
making the home beautiful. 


It is invaluable for either mansion or cottage. It shows as 
you wherein taste goes farther than money. Its teachings have z~; (jf 
saved costly furnishings from being vulgar; and on the other “4 
hand, thousands of inexpensive houses are exquisite examples 
of superb taste from its advice. It presents its information. ° 
interestingly and in a very plain, practical way. Everything::: 
is illustrated. : 


Seay 


_(/ THEHOUS 
(| BEAUTIFUL 
\ PORTFOLIO 


The House Beautiful is a magazine which no woman in- 
terested in the beauty of her home can afford to be without. 
It is full of suggestions for house building, house decorating 
and furnishing, and is equally valuable for people of large 
or small income. ELLEN M. HENROTIN, 

Ex. Pres. Nat. Federation of Women’s Clubs. 


Its readers all say it is a work remark- 
ably worthy, thorough and useful. The 
magazine costs $2.50 a year. 

But to have you test its value for $1.00, \ “WN 
we will send you the current number and = 
The House Beautiful Portfolio gratis, on 
receipt of the Five Months’ Trial Subserip- 
tion Coupon. The Portfolio is a collection of 
color plates and others of rooms in which good taste 
rather than lavish outlay has produced charming effects. 
The portfolio alone is a prize which money cannot ordina- 
rily purchase. Enclose $1.00 with the coupon filled out and 
send to Dept. 249. > 


HERBERT S. STONE, Publisher of ‘‘The House Beautiful” »~~ 


viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


Frank Cotter, Architect 


e Charm of a Country Home 


depends a great deal on the relation of the house and Cement. This is the name of a brand which has quality 
the grounds to the landscape. and, therefore, gives quality in construction. 

To give this quality stone has been used, but there Good concrete was never made with poor cement. 
is a material more easily worked than stone and cheaper, Poor concrete was never made with Atlas Cement. 
which has the same character, and that material is Standard, uniform, pure are the qualities of 
concrete. 


The most popular building material today for the 
country place is concrete. It is brought to the grounds 
in the shape of sand, gravel, cement and water, and man- 


ufactured on the spot into stone, producing a house all 


in one piece. PORTLAND 


Such a house cannot burn, is cool in summer, warm C EM ENT 
in winter, permanent, lasting and durable, and in the 
hands of the right architect has a charm of form in the 
contrast of the cement with the green foliage, which 


cannot be equaled by any other material. 
To insure success, however, be sure 


which is made in the plants having the largest output in 
the world, and which supply the cement for use on the 
Panama Canal. 


Concrete Construction about the Home and 


the F. - - = = <7. © Free 

that the cement used is Atlas Portland Some books (¢. onthe Farms | Cattases Mis 
. Large Houses S oO H 

: p for JOUur aoe Vol. Il. Small Houses - - 1.08 
If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas, write to in uf ormation « Concretelin Highway/Coustucuen eae ee d 


THE ATLAS porttann CEMENT company (delivery charge) 
DEPT. 10,30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 5 Concrete in Railroad (Construction 


4 Concrete Cottages- - - = 
Pate carat oe aay, cou canneny tna word. Co ncrete Country Residences 


Over 50,000 barrels per day A =< =< (Out of print) 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


JUST PUBLISHED 


Three New Instructive Books 


SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS 
Concrete Pottery and Garden 


Furniture 


BY RALPH C. DAVISON 


12mo, 5% x 7% inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations. 


and explained in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete in ornamental 


1S work should appeal strongly to all those interested in ornamental concrete, as the author has taken up 
shapes. The titles of the thirteen chapters which this book contains will give a general idea of the broad 


character of the work. They are entitled: 


I, Making Wire Forms and Frames; II., Covering the Wire Frames and Modeling the Cement Mortar into Form ; 
IIL., Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV., Plaster Molds for 
Objects Having Curved Outlines; V., Combination of Casting 
and Modeling—An Egyptian Vase; VI., Glue Molds; VII., 
Colored Cements and Methods Used for Producing Designs 
with Same; VIII., Selection of Aggregates; IX., Wooden 
Molds—Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid 
with Colored Tile; X., Concrete Pedestals; XI., Concrete 
Benches; XII., Concrete Fences; XIII., Miscellaneous, In- 
cluding Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing. 

The first two chapters explain a most unique and original 
method of working pottery which has been developed by the 
author. The chapter on color work alone is worth many times 
the cost of the book, inasmuch as there is little known on this 
subject, and there is a large and growing demand for this 
class of work. The author has taken for granted that the 
reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has 
explained each progressive step in the various operations 


Price, $1.50 Postpaid 


A most attractive book. The only work issued on the subject 


throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them. The 
amateur craftsman who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process throughout, 
thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing, which is necessary with the former material. The book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper 
and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which clearly show the unlimited possibilities of ornamentation in concrete. 


Handy Man’s Workshop 
and Laboratory 


Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND 


12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations 
Price, $2.00 Postpaid 


A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical 
Man 


VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con- 
BH fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise 
of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of 
this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of 
procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and, 
appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only 
too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information. 
About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientific Amer- 
ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate 
response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this 
country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes- 
sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and 
offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks” as they 
are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in 
other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things 
about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in 
the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood 
of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call 
for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never 
touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured 
in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop 
Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so 
large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for 
lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in 
the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine 
chapters, under the following headings : 

L., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals 
and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in 
the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy 
Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIIL., 
The Handy Sportsman ; 1X., Model Toy Flying Machines. 


The Scientific American 
Boy at School 


By A. RUSSELL BOND 


12mo, 6 x 8% inches, 338 pages, 314 illustrations. 
Price, $2.00 Postpaid 


An Ideal Book for Boys and Particularly so for the 
Holidays 


HIS book is a sequel to “‘ The Scientific American Boy,” many thousand 
fh copies of which have been sold, and has proven very popular witn the 

boys. The main object of the book is to instruct how to build various 
devices and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The construction of the 
apparatus which is fully within the scope of the average boy, is fully 
described and the instructions are interwoven in a story, a feature which has 
assisted in making ‘‘ The Scientific American Boy’’ so popular and interesting to 
the boy. ( 

It takes up the story of “Bill” and several of his companions at boarding 
school. They form a mysterious Egyptian society, whose object is to emulate 
the resourcefulness of the ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the 
Sacred Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is explained so 
that others can copy it. Under the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, 
bridges and canal-locks are constructed. The Chief Admiral and Naval Con- 
structor builds many types of boats, some of which are entirely new. The 
Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done 
by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge. Follow- 
ing is a list of the chapters : 

Chapter I., Initiation ; Chapter IJ., Building a Dam; Chapter III., The Skiff; 
Chapter IV., The Lake House; Chapter V., A Midnight Surprise; Chapter VI., 
The Modern Order of Ancient Engineers ; Chapter VII., A ‘Pedal Paddle-Boat”’; 
Chapter VIII., Surveying; Chapter IX., Sounding the Lake; Chapter X., 
Signaling Systems; Chapter XI., The Howe Truss Bridge; Chapter XII., The 
Seismograph ; Chapter XIII., The Canal Lock ; Chapter XIV., Hunting with a 
Camera; Chapter XV., The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI., Camping Ideas; 
Chapter XVII., The Haunted House; Chapter XVIII., Sun-Dials and Clepsydras ; 
Chapter XIX., The Fish-tail Boat; Chapter XX., Kite Photography; Chapter 
XXI., Water-Kites and Current Sailing; Chapter XXIT., The Wooden Canoe; 
Chapter XXIII, The Bicycle Sled; Chapter XXIV., Magic; Chapter XXV., 
The Sailboat; Chapter XXVI., Water Sports, and Chapter XXYII., Geyser 
Fountain. 


MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York 


x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


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THE WEALTH 


)OF NATIONS 


PATENT GIVES you an exclusive right to your 
invention for aterm of seventeen years. You can 
sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and 
grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our 
Patent system is responsible for much of our 
industrial progress and our success in competing 
in the markets of the world. The value of a 
successful Patent is in no degree commensurate 
with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In 
order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ 

a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the 
claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which 
can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty 
years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all 
parts of the world. Our vast experience enables us to prepare 
and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of 
expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same 
to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. We are 
happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the proba- 
ble patentability of your invention. 


Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application 


MUNN & COMPANY ~& ~& Solicitors of Patents 
Branch Office Main Office 
625 F Street, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY 


By A. RUSSELL BOND 
J2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


JN STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from 
A affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are 
given for building the various articles, The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 


such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. 


M U N N & CO OD Inc. “ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” 361 Broadway, New York 


2020 


December, 1909 


rs, 


LE ) . 


A New Volume 


A 


A 


A new volume—the fifth—of AMERICAN HOMES AND 
GARDENS begins with the number for January, 1910; a 
new volume filled with new houses and new ideas; a new 
volume of helpfulness to our readers, and, we trust, of 
renewed co-operation with our friends. Many notable 
plans are under way to make the new volume of even 
greater practical helpfulness than any preceding volume 
has been. There are twelve monthly issues in each vol- 


ume; you will want every one of these. 


Colonial House 


The residence of L. F. Rhoades at Nutley, N. J., is 
adequately described by Robert Prescott. 
esting house of unusual merit and is fully described 


It is an inter- 
and illustrated in every part. 


House in Illinois 


Henry Hawley describes the highly interesting residence 
of Henry W. Schultz at Kenilworth, Il. The architect 
was George W. Maher, who has done much valuable and 
original work in the West. Photographs and plans give 
a thoroughly complete presentation of this interesting 


house. 


Furnishing the Flat 


A 


Lillian Hamilton French begins a brief series of helpful 
papers on furnishing the flat, with a study of the hall. 
Miss French has had wide experience in this kind of 
work, and her series, which will be continued through 
several successive numbers, is bound to attract wide 
attention. Nothing if not practical, Miss French is 
thorough mistress of the art of household arrangement. 
Her articles are stimulating and suggestive in a very 


high degree and will be copiously illustrated. 


Prize Garden 


The garden awarded the second prize in the Garden 
Competition, recently conducted by AMERICAN Homes 
AND GARDENS, is one of the special features of the 
number. The garden is one designed and planted by 
Charles D. Davies at his home in Englewood, N. J. It 
is a quiet homelike garden of unpretending beauty, and 
should be especially attractive to the owners of small 
places. A plan, giving the details of the planting as well 
as numerous photographs, accompany the description pre- 
pared by Mr. Davies. 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


x] 


American Homes and Gardens 
for January 


A Tuxedo Home 


The very lovely home of the Rev. Canon George 
William Douglass, D.D., at Tuxedo, New York, is the 
This house, which has 
long been considered one of the finest and most stately 
homes of Tuxedo, has never before been illustrated and 


subject of the opening article. 


described. The magazine has been fortunate to obtain 
exclusive photographs of this charming mountain home, 
which Barr Ferree has described in a thoroughly compe- 
tent article. It is a house well worth gaining the inti- 
mate acquaintance with which these photographs and 


Mr. Ferree’s article give to the reader. 


Some Eastern Houses 


Francis Durando Nichols, whose work is well known to 
the readers of the Magazine, contributes a useful paper 
on some recent dwellings in the Eastern United States 
erected at moderate cost. [hey are houses of interest, 
too, and dwellings well worth knowing about. The 
article is abundantly illustrated with exteriors, interiors 
and plans, and is a very complete review of an interesting 


group of low-priced houses. * 


Marine Mosaic 


Marine mosaic is the art of creating decorative pictures 
with sea-shells and pebbles. It is an interesting and 
fascinating handicraft, the processes of which are not 
well known. W. Cole Brigham writes interestingly on 
this subject, tells what marine mosaic is, and shows some 
fine photographs of beautiful results. The article opens 


up a new chapter in domestic art. 


Flowers All the Year Round 


Not every one can have fresh flowers all the year round, 
but S. Leonard Bastin undertakes to describe a process 
whereby this delightful result may be accomplished with 
comparative ease. It is a simple matter; easy to do and 
recommended as highly successful when carried out. 
There is no secret about it—read the article and find out 


how it is done. 


Damaskeening, Inlaying and Blending Metals 


A new process for damaskeening, inlaying and blending 
metals is described by Amos Bradley Simpson, and will 
be found of great interest to lovers of metal work. The 
technical processes are described, as well as the results 
arrived at. The illustrations are of unusual beauty and 


interest. 


Xi 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


= 


a CAO CAF 


FS 


@ CASO CIID CBO CID CATO OCATIO CAO CID OCAIOCZIODG 


Holiday Suggestions in Useful Books 
MAGIC STAGE ILLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC 


DIVERSIONS, INCLUDING TRICK PHOTOGRAPHY 
Compiled and Edited by ALBERT A. HOPKINS 
With an Introduction by Henry Ridgely Evans 


8vo. 568 Pages. 420 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid 
©: unique work appeals to the professional and amateur 


x 


alike and will prove a welcome addition to any library. It is 

the acknowledged standard work on magic. ‘The illusions are 
illustrated by the highest class of engravings, and are all explained 
in detail, showing exactly how the tricks are performed. Great 
attention is paid to the exposes of large and important illusions, in 
many cases furnished by the prestidigitateurs themselves. Conjuring 
is not neglected, a selection of some of the best known of these 
tricks having been made. The work cannot fail to be of interest to 
young and old, and there is hardly anyone who is in anyway in- 
terested in either science or magic to whom it will not appeal. It is 
beautifully printed and attractively bound. An illustrated circular 
and table of contents will be sent on application. 


EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE 


By GEORGE M. HOPKINS 


Twenty-fifth Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged 
1,100 Pages, over 900 Illustrations 
Lwo Octavo Volumes; Price in Cloth, $5.00; Half Morocco, 
$7.00, Postpaid 

HIS book treats on the various topics of physics in a popu- 

lar and practical way. It describes the apparatus in detail, 

and explains the experiments in full, so that teachers, 
students and others interested in physics may readily make the 
apparatus without expense, and perform the experiments without 
difficulty. The aim of the writer has been to render physical ex- 
perimentation so simple and attractive as to induce both old and 
young to engage in it for pleasure and profit. All intelligent 
persons should have at least an elementary knowledge of physics 
to enable them to understand and appreciate what is going on in = 
the world. This can be acquired by reading “Experimental Science.” As a gift from em- 
ployer to employee, from parent to child, from student to teacher, nothing could be more 
appropriate or acceptable. It is the most thoroughly illustrated work ever published on 
Experimental Physics, and its unprecedented sale shows conclusively that it is the book of 
the age for teachers, students, experimenters, and all others who desire a general knowledge 
of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Illustrated and descriptive circular on application. 


The Scientific American Boy 
By A. RUSSELL BOND 
r2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 
O™ is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large 


number of diversions which, aside from affording enter- 

tainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In 
each instance complete practical instructions are given for build- 
ing the various articles. The needs of the boy camper are sup- 
plied by the directions for making tramping outfits, sleeping-bags 
and tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log 
cabins and caves. The winter diversions include instructions for 
making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snow-shoes 
and skis, besides ice-boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a pe- 
culiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘“rennwolf.” Among the more 
instructive subjects covered are surveying, wigwagging, helio- 
graphing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds of 
bridges, including a simple cantilever bridge, are described. 


The. Scientific American Cyclopedia of 


Receipts, Notes and Queries 

In Three Bindings. Price, Cloth, $5; Sheep, $6; Half Morocco, rae AN 
$6.50, Post paid. Tn Tt al yer 

Ox is a careful compilation of the most useful receipts guint Sein ip ae 


@) 
: 
; 
; 
; 
@) 
é 


which have appeared in the Scientific American for more COFEDIA "foion 

than half a century. Over 15,000 selected formulas are here 
collected, nearly every branch of the useful arts being represented. 
It is the most complete volume on the subject of receipts ever pub- 
lished. It has been used by chemists, technologists and those un- 
familiar with the arts with equal success, and has demonstrated that 
itis a book which is useful in the laboratory, factory or home. An al- 
phabetical arrangement, with abundant cross-references, makes it an 
easy work to consult. The Appendix contains the very latest formulas 
as wellas 41 tables of weights and measures and a dictionary of chem- 
ical synonyms. A full table of contents will be sent on application. 


Home Mechanics for Amateurs 
By GEORGE M. HOPKINS, Author of “Experimental Science” 


12m0, 370 Pages, 320 Illustrations. Price, $1.50, Postpaid. 
© HE book deals with wood- working, household ornaments, metal- 


working, lathe work, metal spinning, silver working; ‘making 

model engines, boilers ‘and water motors ; making telescopes, micro- 
scopes and meteorological instruments, electrical chimes, cabinets, bells, 
night lights, dynamos and motors, electric light, and an electrical fur- 
nace. A thoroughly practical book by the most noted amateur experi- 
menter in America. For the boy and the more mature amateur. Holi- 
days and evenings can be profitably occupied by making useful articles 
for the home or in building small engines or motors or scientific in- 
struments. Table of contents furnished on application. 


MUNN & CO. Inc., Publishers, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 
CASS) CEO CSO CEFO COE SHO GSFOGSTOCSPOGLOD 


“They serve to emphasize any defects in, or 
difference in color of, concrete construction. 

“They impart to concrete a soggy, water- 
soaked appearance. 

“They do not render impermeable to mois- 
ture for any length of time. 

“They do not decorate.” 

Under his fourth heading Mr. White sum- 
marizes paints for concrete, with the practical 
conclusion that there are none which fulfil all 
the requirements of a severe list which he 
gives. ‘The principal of these are that it must 
be applicable to a wet surface and at the same 
time waterproof when set; it must be applica- 
ble to the concrete without previous treatment 
of the latter, durable, economical, and pleasing 
to the eye, must act as a bond between concrete 
and a plaster coat, and remain hard in the 
presence of water, in addition to possessing all 
the qualifications of ordinary paint such as 
working well under the brush, filling voids 
and leveling up irregularities of surface. 

Although Mr. White did not say in his 
paper that he knew of any satisfactory paint, 
we have reason to believe that he has been in- 
strumental in the production of one, or at 
least that it has been developed with a special 
view to fulfilling the requirements outlined in 
his paper. 

We have recently seen tests and the results 
of long-continued tests, of a paint called Ce- 
menthide, which seems to fulfil all the exact- 
ing conditions above referred to. 

At a cement-block factory in Newark, N. J., 
a part of the process consists of the curing of 
the newly made blocks by subjecting them to 
steam for thirty-six hours, accelerating their 
setting and providing a much more constant 
and uniform supply of moisture to the cement 
than can be obtained by spraying. 

For this purpose two curing rooms are used, 
each of which is opened to be emptied and re- 
filled on alternate days, the steam being turned 
off in the morning and on again at night. The 
steam is therefore continuously applied to the 
interior of the walls for 36 hours out of every 
48. The rooms themselves are built of con- 
crete blocks, and were formerly constantly 
saturated with moisture. It was evident from 
the outside which room was filled with steam 
from a thin film of moisture trickling down the 
exterior of the walls, which had to be drained 
away. Six months ago the interior was painted 
with two coats of Cementhide, and now there 
is no evidence of moisture on the outside of 
the walls, while the interior has a smooth, hard 
surface differing little from that of well-fin- 
ished cement except in its pleasant color. 

Blocks made identically as possible from one 
batch of concrete have been tested under vary- 
ing conditions, one plain and the other painted. 
The unpainted block was found to vary in 
weight with the water, absorbing it according 
to the amount present in the atmosphere or 
from the ground, while the weight of the 
painted block varied not at all. Blocks painted 
in a variety of pleasing colors have been left 
exposed to sun, rain, and wind for months 
without being apparently affected. Concrete 
painted with this material takes a plaster coat 
better than natural concrete, both concrete and 
plaster adhering to the paint more firmly than 
they do to each other. It has even been shown 
that the rise of moisture by capillarity in mon- 
olithic concrete set in moist ground is stopped 
by a coat of Cementhide between the top of 
the underground concrete and the masonry or 
other concrete continuation upward of the 
wall. The paint has a dull finish not unlike 
the concrete itself, but smoother and of any 
color desired, and appears to remain hard and 
to preserve the surface of the concrete indefi- 
nitely. One can not imagine a more severe test 
in any ordinary building than that imposed at 
the block factory above mentioned, and it 
would seem that this paint should have wide- 
spread possibilities when it is sufficiently in- 
troduced on the market. 


AMERICAN 


Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year 


AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION: ‘The First Prize Garden. 
Lily Pond beneath the Trees 
MoNTHLY CoMMENT—Art and Household Decoration 
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION. The First Garden Prize of One 
Hundred Dollars Won by Charles J. Pilling, Esq., Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. . 
THE CRAFT OF HAMMERING AND PIERCING METAL By Mabel Tuke Priestman 
SoME WESTERN Homes—Costing from Four to Six Thousand Dollars. 
By Francis Durando Nichols 
CoNCRETE ORNAMENTS FOR THE GARDEN AND How to Make Tuem—IV. A Concrete 
By Ralph C. Davison 
Tue INTERIOR DETAILS OF THE BUNGALOW AND ITs FURNISHINGS. 
By Kate Greenleaf Locke 
MAKING SOIL By E. P. Powell 481 
Homes oF AMERICAN ARTISTS—‘‘Fleetwood,”’ the Residence of Robert V. V. Sewell, A.N.A., 
Oyster Bay, Long Island By Barr Ferree 482 
COLONIAL FIREPLACES AND FIRE-IRONS By Mary H. Northend 488 
CORRESPONDENCE: 
PROBLEMS IN HoME FURNISHING By Alice M. Kellogg xiii 


Largest Olive Ranch in the World Drop Light Made from an Oil Lamp 
On Waterproofing Concrete 
Grafting for Boys Garden Notes New Books 


Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign» countries, $4.00 a year 
Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Camada, $3.50 a year 


Published Monthly by Munn & Co., Inc., Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York 


CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 
361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York 


[Copynight, 1909, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the 
Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.) 


NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he 


cannot hold himself responsible fer manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 


The lily pond beneath the trees 


The first prize garden. 


Homes and Gardens Garden Competition 


ican 


Amer 


AMERICAN 
HOMES AND GARDENS 


Volume VI December, 1909 Number 12 


American Homes and Gardens Garden Competition: The first prize garden, Pond borders and shrubbery 


456 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


Monthly Comment 
Art and Household Decoration 


MNOUSEHOLD decoration is a very broad 
iL term that does not need to be exaggerated 

to include practically everything that helps 
to make the house interesting. If it does 
not include the structure and material of 
the walls, it at least embraces their color; 
it is concerned with carpets, rugs, hang- 
ings and draperies; the furniture forms an important prob- 
lem to be solved by its laws; in a word, it sums up every- 
thing that enters into the grace and beauty and interest of 
the interior. This being the case, it would seem a natural 
and orderly proceeding that this highly important matter 
should receive the utmost consideration from every house- 
holder, and should be treated with the same respect that is 
given to the exterior design, the arrangement of the plan 
or the hygienic character of the sanitation. As a matter 
of fact and of practise, it is either not considered at all, 
or it is left to individual ‘“‘taste,” or the whole dwelling is 
turned over to professional decorators, furnishers or up- 
holsterers, and the owner receives it ‘‘complete” from the 
hands of his contractors. 


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AND a very good way the last is, too, particularly if you 
do not happen to possess any idea of your own, or if those 
you have are absolutely untranslatable into the complex 
language of household art. It is the safest way, too, for 
many people, and undeniably the most profitable for the 
fortunate firm that receives the contract. Under the guise 
of real art the most expensive devices and the most costly 
materials are rolled, lugged and carried into the house, 
fastened to the walls, stood around the rooms and applied 
everywhere. The victim gazes in an awestricken manner 
at his bills for velvet and brocade, and is very certain that 
only the “realest” things in art can be supplied at such 
altitudinous prices. 


Ir 1s unfair, however, to suggest that the professional 
household decorator is undesirable and a person to be 
avoided. On the contrary, he fills a noble and useful pur- 
pose in the household art of to-day. He has, it is to be 
presumed, been trained in his profession; he has had ex- 
perience in the furnishing of houses and is able to 
distinguish between the good and the bad without any 
hesitation. In most cases he is able to do his work very 
much better than the owner of the house; he will give better 
results and yield better satisfaction. In very many cases 
he is not only worth what he costs, but is a positive economy. 
He has done much work, and much excellent work in creat- 
ing a true art character in the home, and has established 
himself as a member of an important, helpful, beneficial and 
admirable profession. 


But if he falls from grace, it is in the household of the 
rich. It seems impossible to resist the temptation of sup- 
plying the most costly things for the most costly houses. 
Often he cannot help himself, for this will be precisely 
what his wealthy client demands. Unable to exhibit his 
wealth by papering his walls with banknotes, stocks or 
bonds, he orders that a plentiful supply of these useful 
articles be translated into costly bronzes, marbles, velvets, 
brocades, rugs, furniture and bric-a-brac, and then tries to 
make himself as comfortable as he can amid these splendid 
surroundings. Often, no doubt, he can, for the man who 
wants these things, and can buy them, would not be happy 
without them, particularly if his neighbor across the road 
is similarly equipped. 


A GENUINE objection to his display is not its essential 
costliness, but the confusion of cost with art. There is 
nothing easier in the world than to buy a very poor work 
of art for a very great cost. It is being done every day, 
and doubtless will be done for many days to come. Now, 
art itself is costly, whether it be in the form of painting, 
sculpture, pottery, rugs, embroidery, furniture; and it must 
be costly, because, unless produced by a competent crafts- 
man with infinite toil, it must sink to the commonplace and 
cease to be art in any sense. But the price of the article 
has nothing to do with its art qualities, since the very poor- 
est art can, and alas! does, frequently command the highest 
prices. This, of course, happens, because the person pur- 
chasing the article has himself no idea of what art quality 
is nor, indeed, what art means nor of what it consists. 


AND yet, although art is costly, the artistic home need 
not be high-priced. A very excellent fundamental rule that 
should always be kept in mind is that nothing should seem 
to have cost more than it did. Abolish the thought of cost 
altogether from your proceedings and make art, not money, 
the criterion by which the furnishing of the house is meas- 
ured. And this rule is quite as admirable for persons of 
moderate means as for those who never stop to count the 
cost of anything they possess. For it is the art value alone 
that counts, and this is the only thing of importance. 


HovusEHOLD decoration having, therefore, no relation- 
ship with cost, it follows that the modest home may, in its 
way, be as artistic and as beautiful as the most expensive. 
There is no secret about it; it consists simply in knowing 
what to do and how to do it. Many people think they 
know how, and very awful are some of the results of 
their mental cogitations on this subject; others are fear- 
ful of paying people for doing what they think they can 
do themselves, or what they know their friends and 
acquaintances have done without outside assistance. Yet, for 
even a slight sickness it is better to call in a physician than 
to run the risk of a serious illness; why, then, take the 
risk of surrounding one’s daily life with impossible fur- 
nishings and decorations under the mistaken notion that 
one knows what one likes? 


Art blindness is one of the commonest of diseases. It 
is a strange disease that seems to leave the sufferer quite 
untouched. He never knows he has it, and may live a long 
and merry life with it in a most exaggerated form. ‘There 
are some physical diseases that affect humanity in the same 
way; but art blindness is a mental disease, a subjective 
disease, and, if not contagious, at least obnoxious in its 
effects, since it is the chief means of the support of the pur- 
veyors of bad art. ‘This is the real source of all the trouble. 
People do not know a good work of art when they see it. 
They do not know what it means nor what lesson it may 
have for them. ‘They are not interested in art and only 
know of it as one of the luxuries of life. Modern conditions 
are not conducive to the application of the most expensive 
forms of art to the average daily existence; but at least 
we may have good rugs and carpets on our floors; our chairs 
and tables may be of comfortable form and graceful aspect; 
our curtains and draperies may be pleasant if not expensive; 
and our wall coverings should be above criticism. All 
this we can have and at no greater cost than that we must 
pay for monstrosities if we but go about it in the right way. 
The artist who builds and furnishes his own home does not 
have to seek advice; but those who need it should lose no 
time in seeking it. 


December, 1909 


to the plan, is about roo feet in width and 
less than 450 feet in depth, in other words, 
about one acre. It is within a few miles 
of one of our large cities; no description 
will be given of the house; all that is writ- 
ten will be in reference to the grounds. 
The front part, or street end, consists of the usual lawn, 
paths, driveway, trees and shrubbery, showing croquet- 
ground in the front and tennis-court on the side. This por- 
tion of the grounds has been laid out for about fifteen years, 
but particular attention is called to the back half, or what, 
in most properties, is considered the least desirable portion. 
Beginning back of the turn in the driveway, a path leads 
down the hill and joins several other paths. This back- 


» tg id 
oy 2 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4 


American Homes and Gardens 
Garden Competition 
THE FIRST GARDEN PRIZE OF 
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS 
Won by Charles J. Pilling, Esq. 


Lansdowne, Pennsylvania 


Wa 
~ 


garden eight years ago was neglected and not used. The 
natural advantages at that time were three large trees and 
a spring of clear water that came out of the ground and im- 
mediately went back and ran away under the ground; the 
surrounding country is a beautiful valley. From these con- 
ditions evolved the garden shown in the accompanying pho- 
tographs. 

It is essentially a rough natural garden, with hundreds 
of azaleas, ferns, evergreen trees and dwarf maples growing 
between and covering the moss-covered rocks. While this 
back portion of the garden covers only about one-half an 
acre, its perfect proportions make it seem very much larger. 

The rock construction was done a little each year, as 
most of the planting, covering a period of six or seven years, 
but most of the work was done in the spring and some of it 


It is essentially a rough natural garden 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS GARDEN COMPETITION. 


PRIZE GARDEN. THE TROUT POND AND WISTARIA ARBOR 


THE TROUT POND AND WISTARIA ARBOR 


Zz 
ty) 
a 
4 
< 
) 
ea} 
N 
~ 
ou 


THE FIRST 


DENS GARDEN COMPETITION. 


G 


AMERICAN HOMES AND 


460 


in the fall; none, or very 
little, in the summer or win- 
ter; it could all be accom- 
plished in one year with suf- 
ficient help, but much of the 
pleasure is in its gradual 
growth. 

The rocks used were not 
from quarries, except for the 
steps; the balance are large 
natural weather-beaten moss- 
grown stones brought from 
a nearby creek. 

The setting of the rocks 
is very carefully done, so 
that a cavity of soil without 
stone-bottom will always oc- 
cur, thus allowing the roots 
of the plants to grow deep 
into the earth for moisture. 

Three ponds appear in 
this garden; the largest, or 
trout pond, is the result of 
the spring, which has quite 
a large supply of very cold 
fresh water. This pond con- 
tains brook trout, of course; these fish remain in the pond 
winter and summer. From this pond the water runs off 
into a winding creek artificially made and yet very natural 
in appearance, until the water, flowing over a small water- 
fall, enters the next or bridge pond. ‘This, again, runs 
along until it seeks the lily pond. This lily pond, after 
becoming full or to the level of the preceding pond, is so 
arranged that the water runs off into an overflow, thus pre- 
venting the cold water from continually entering the lily 
pond. ‘The reason of this is that cold water will prevent 
lilies from blooming freely. 

Particular attention is called to the construction of the 
ponds. The walls and bottoms are made of concrete, yet by 
referring to the photographs it will be noticed that it is 
impossible to see any of the concrete walls because every 
thing is covered 
with rocks and 
growing plants. The 
greatest care has 
here been exercised, 
and should be exer- 
cised by any one 
making ponds, to 
make them tight be- 
cause, if the pond 
leaks, it will cause 
much trouble. 

Over the trout 
pond is built a trel- 
lis or wistaria arbor. 
This arbor, with the 
wistaria, is very 
much admired. In 
the lily pond is a 
collection of water 
Inlvessar nicl ote ierr 
arg uta tic) plants: 
right here it should 
be mentioned that 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Stone steps and wood lantern 


The small bridges add to the apparent size and the artistic effect 


December, 1909 


water plants are very easy to 
grow and should be in every 
garden. A properly con- 
structed pond, filled with 
water plants and a few gold- 
fish, will improve the appear- 
ance of any garden. The 
plants and fish keep the pond 
entirely pure, as far as any 
unhealthy conditions are 
concerned. 

In this garden we range 
all the way from cold water 
and brook trout to warm 
water with goldfish and 
water lilies. 

‘Two wood and one stone 
bridges have been thrown 
over the water-courses; not 
because the garden was so 
large, but because the span- 
ning of the water with the 
small bridges impresses one 
with increased size and ar- 
tistic effect. The stone bridge 
thrown over the creek is a 
large oblong piece of granite, such as used for street-cross- 
ings, with heavy cedar hand-rest. The other two bridges 
are of wood; one, of rustic cedar, left its natural color, and 
the other, slightly curved, painted red. 

The size of these ponds, as well as the paths, may be 
easily figured out by referring to the plan shown herewith. 

The pavilion over the lily pond is of rough cedar with 
weather or natural-stained shingles, in fact, the entire struc- 
ture is free of paint, and by this time has assumed a soft 
coloring from exposure to the weather. 

The plants are, perhaps, divided equally into deciduous 
and evergreen, but especially note that all are hardy, as 
every thing in this garden, including plants and fish, re- 
main exposed all winter. Their permanence is not only 
a desirable, but also necessary, feature of this garden. 

The path leading 
from the driveway 
down to the main 
rock is planted with 
Japanese flowering 
cherry trees. ‘This 
tree, as is well 
known, bears no 
fruit, but  inetme 
early spring they 
produce beautiful 
soft pink blossoms. 
Japanese iris, the 
most beautiful of 
the iris family, have 
been planted around 
the ponds and in 
other damp places. 
Ornaments have 
been almost entirely 
kept away from this 
garden. The only 
ones that are shown 
are three stone and 


December, 1909 


two wood lanterns. These 
blend with the landscape 
and anything else in the 
way of ornaments would be 
entirely out of place. It is 
perfectly proper if one 
walks along the wild path 
to see a simple stone lan- 
tern evidently placed there 
to light the path. 

A recent writer has de- 
scribed the garden in the 
following word: 

“The ‘wildness’ of its ap- 
proach is one of its chief 
attractions. Winding path- 
ways of stepping-stones 
and rugged stone stairways 
leading down sharp inclines 
lead from the house and 
lawn through luxuriant 
tangles of Japanese maples 
and dwarf evergreens down 
to the  lantern-guarded 
course of the water 
supply, which forms one 
of the principal charms of 
the entire garden. From 
this spot one catches a 
glimpse of the whole ex. 
panse of streams and ponds, 
rustic and stone bridges, 
islands, hillocks and _ val- 
leys, with the white gleam 
of stone lanterns here and 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The concrete linings of the ponds are concealed by rocks and growing plants 


461 


there, but the ‘wildness’ is 
intensified when one fol- 
lows all the intricate path- 
ways leading over the little 
mountainsides and crossing 
and recrossing the 
streams.” 

The owner of a garden 
who has labored in it and 
loved it from the beginning, 
as I have done, must feel a 
keen interest in it in every 
aspect. “Io me, no doubt, 
this garden means more 
than it may to others, for 
it has grown year by year. 
Each season has seen new 
beauties, each season sug- 
gested new improvements 
and betterments. There are, 
of course, limits to what 
one might do. I have not 
felt that we have done too 
little, and I earnestly be- 
lieve we have accomplished 
much. To me, at least, it 
is satisfying, and this, I 
take it, means success in 
garden making. And I be- 
lieve we have not tried to 
do too much. The tempta- 


tion to overdo is often 
strong and difficult to 
resist. 


CHARLES J. PILLING. 


Excavating for the 


garden 


1 Maple, Norway 
2 ce « 

R «e ae 

4 ia) “cc 

5 Magnolia 

6 Maple, Weeping 
7 Purple Beech 

8 Rhododendron 

g Pyranide Oak 


10 White Broch 

11 Maple, Norway 

12 Althea Hedge 

13 Lilac 

14 Crimson Rambler on Post 
15 Pin Oak 

16 Sour Cherry 

17. Maple, Norway 

18 Buttonwood 

19 Ginko 


WATER LILIES 


Gladstoniana 
Laydekeri purpurata 
Laydekeri rosea 
Marliacea chromatella 
Pygmaea, white 
Pygmaea, yellow 


A. atropurpureum (Nomura) 
A. Oshiu-beni 
A. Japonicum (Itaya) 


Iris Kaempferi 


DRIVEWAY 
5x i 


Building the forms for the concrete 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


wall of the lakes 


THE PLANTING 


The Plan has been numbered, thus locating the different trees and shrubs 


20 Plum 

21 Dwarf Maple 

22 Lombardy Poplar 

23 Scarlet Oak 

24 Dwarf Maple 

25 Larch 

26 Collection of Hardy Azaleas 

27 iT “ “ 

28 Pyramide Evergreen 

29 Collection of Hardy Azaleas 

30 ~Flowering Cherry 

31 “ &“ 

32 Apple 

33 Pie Cherry 

34 Horse Chestnut 

35 Collection of Dwarf Ever- 
greens 

36 ©Azalea Hill, All Hardy 

37 ce ia} ae ia 


38 Azalea Hill, All Hardy 


39 | 

- | Collection of Japan Maples, 
42 > Dwarf Evergreens and 
43 Hardy Azaleas 

44 

45 D : 

AG warf Pines and Japan 
47 Maples 


48 Magnolia 

49 Flowering Cherry 
50 Pine 

51 Flowering Cherry 


“ce oe 


“ee tay 


55 Hardy Azalea 


SMALL PLANTS 


OTHER AQUATICS 


Striped calamus 
Eichhornia crassipes major 
Limnocharis Humboldtii 
Pontederia cordata 
Sagittaria Chinensis 
Vallisneria spiralis 


HARDY AZALEAS 


Hinodegiri 

Fuji-Manyo 

Mollis Kirenge 

Indicum, Matsushime 
Omurasaki 

. Kirishima 

A. ledifolium, var. Leucanthum 


>>> >>> 


JAPANESE MAPLES 


A. sanguineum, Seigen 
A. roseum (Kagiri) 
A. versicolor (Oridononishiki) 


A. Osaka-zuki 
A. atrodisectum variegatum 
A. sanguineum Chishio 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Wistaria brachbotrys 
Magnolia stellata 


WALR 


Magnolia conspicua 
Wistaria Chinensis 


3 ye 
AISA 
PSs 
3 


December, 1909 


The lakes after they were filled 


with water 


57 Japan Maple 


38 | Dwart Pines and Hardy 
60 | Azaleas 


61 Large White Oak, probably 
one hundred years old 

62 Large Old Maple 

63 Hardy Azaleas 

64 Pin Oak 

65 Weeping Willow 

66 Pussy Willow 

67 Hardy Azaleas and Japan 
Iris 

68 Azalea Hill 

69 Island Planted with Dwarf 
Maples and Evergreens 

70 \ Dwarf Evergreens and 

71 Japan Maples 

72" kine 


SMALL EVERGREENS 


Chabo-Hiba (dwarfed Thuya 
obtusa) 

Sciadopitys verticillata variegata 

Juniperus Chinensis procumbens 

Pinus ‘Tanyosho 

Pinus Koraiensis 


A. dissectum 
A. atropurpureum dissectum 


Cornus Kousa 


The garden plan: about 450 feet long by 100 feet wide; area, about one acre 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


463 


The Craft of Hammering and Piercing Metal 


By Mabel Tuke Priestman 


NAIL AND HAMMER are the chief 
tools needed to work up beautiful designs 
on metal. There is a wide field for original 
work in this direction, and no end of uses 
to which it can be put. Pewter, tin, cop- 
per, or brass, can, any of them, be dec- 
orated in this manner, after the article is 
hammered into the desired shape. 

Repoussé work is done in two ways: 
one by hammering on the face with a 
tool so that the background is driven 
in, and the design remains in relief; 
the other method is done by laying the 
metal face downward on a yielding bed 
of pitch or soft wood and pushing out 
the design by hammering. ‘The first 
process is the one used for pierced 
metal and has the advantage of re- 
quiring very few tools. 

A block or panel of soft pine wood 
about 8 x 8 and about an inch deep 
must be procured. Sheets of brass or 
copper may be had in many sizes, six 
to twelve inches being a useful size to 
select. Choose a thickness that can 
readily be cut with the shears. No. 25 
gage is a good medium weight of sheet 
metal. See that the metal is free from 
blemishes, scratches or indentations. 

The following materials are needed 
for doing the work: a wooden mallet, 
a small round-faced hammer, tracers 
or nails (the ordinary 10-penny wire- 
nails will answer, and several sizes 
must be bought), a pair of shears, a 
vise and a hardwood block, pliers, a 
file, a rivet set and some small rivets. 
Then get a piece of metal and iron it 
flat, or hammer on the hardwood block, screwing it onto 
the block near the edge of the metal. The design having 
been decided on, it must first be drawn on thin strong paper 
with a very black pencil. Then gum the edges to hold it in 
place and go over it with a paper-knife or any hard sub- 
stance, rubbing carefully until the pattern is transferred. 
Carbon-paper can be used if preferred, and the outline 
must then be gone over with a dull-pointed instrument. 
Then go over the design with pen and ink, after removing 
the paper. It is al- 
ways best to go over 
the design a third 
time with a sharp 
instrument or 
scratch-awl, as the 
ink-lines are easily 


effaced by the hand 


passing over the 
metal. 
The most  inter- 


esting part is done 
next; namely, that 
of hammering the 
background with a 


Electrolier with pierced holders 


Hammered and pierced metal ornaments for the desk 


sharp nail, allowing it to pierce the background each time 
it is hammered, being very careful not to go over the edge 
of the design as it must stand out in sharp relief without 
jagged edges. Do each piece in turn until all are decorated, 
when they are ready to be hammered into shape. 

It will be best for the beginner to start on a simple form 
like a lamp-shade. This is made in the form of a circle. 
Take a compass and describe first the inner circle, which 
will be the top of the shade, then the 
depth must be decided upon, and the 
other circle drawn at the required 
depth from the same center. More 
than half a circle will be needed for 
the correct flare and about one-fifth of 
the remaining half circle will be found 
to make a well-proportioned shade. 
A flap must be left for going under- 
neath the joint at one side. When the 
shade is decorated it is then riveted. 
The pattern should never extend to the 
extreme edge of the shade. A good 
wide margin at the top and bottom 
greatly improves it. Make the de- 
sign on paper and glue it onto the 
metal and transfer it as already de- 
scribed, carefully outlining the pattern 
with a scratch-awl, then remove the 
paper by washing it off, and prick the 
background with a sharp nail, or a pin 
placed in a tool-handle. When all the 
background is perforated with even 
holes, it is ready for the final process. 
Cut the shade out of the piece of 
metal, with the shears, and file the 
edges smooth. Turn the edges back 
with the pliers, and hammer on the 
back of the metal until they are firm 
and even, the double metal at the top 
and bottom makes a much more finished article. Then bend 
the shade up with the hands, as evenly as possible, and 
hammer with the mallet, being careful not to close up the 
whole when the shade is compressed until the flap overlaps. 
Mark the places for the middle rivet-hole on the flap and 
shade, punch and rivet. Then proceed with the other rivets 
in the same manner. 

The process of riveting is done in the following way: 
After marking the place on the metal where the rivets are 
to go, see that the 
underpiece is accur- 
ately measured. 
Then punch with a 
nail upon the end 
of the hardwood 
block, using the 
steel hammer as the 
striking tool. The 
holes should be 
rather larger than 
the rivets. After the 
punching, a_ little 
rim is left around 
the hole; this must 


464 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


be filed a little, and then beaten flat 
with the hammer. If this closes the 
hole too much, it can be enlarged by 
the round file. It is most important 
that the rivet should fit snugly in the 
hole, not too tight and not too loose. 
The illustrations show hexagon 
lamp-shades and jardiniéres, as well as 
circular ones. These are made on the 
same principle as the round ones. The 
pattern illustrations show the construc- 
tion of a circular shade and one with 
four sides. The panels are shaped on 
the angle of hardwood block with the 


wooden mallet. The block is placed in the vise in such a posi- 
tion that the shade can be carefully shaped by bending on 


a or 


Shade and screen 


Pattern for four-sided lamp shade 


the angle of the block. 


enabling the worker to beat 
the metal without interfer- 
ing with the pin-holes. By 
following these instructions 
practically all the articles 
illustrated can be made. 
The hall lantern is made in 
the same way, but it is ad- 
visable to make one first in 
thin pasteboard, so as to 
practise in a cheap material 
before making the attempt 
in metal. These simple ar- 
ticles are not all joined by 
rivets, a strip of metal is 
left sticking out, and a cor- 


responding hole is then made for it. 
is inserted it can readily be bent over to hold the pieces 


together. 
Perforated metal 
is so quickly done 
that the craftsman 
becomes fascinated 
with the joy of cre- 
ating and is encour- 
aged to twist and 
bend the metal into 
all kinds of interest- 
ing shapes. Variety 
can be given by the 
coloring and finish 
of the metal. Brass 
can be bright, cop- 
per dull or bur- 
nished, or both ‘can 
be treated with an 


It is best to hammer the metal into 
the desired shape before the background is perforated, thus 


AMEN AIMEE na ffianttaa 


Circular lamp and candle shades 


After the piece 
forms. 


Lamp shades, jardiniére, box and hall lantern 


December, 1909 


acid which turns them beautiful shades 
of green. ‘Tin being very inexpensive 
the beginner can begin on that metal 
and can afterwards paint the finished 
article black. 

There are many ways of polishing 
brass, but one of the best means is to 
take rotten stone or tripoli and tur- 
pentine and rub the surface with that, 
finally polishing with chamois. Another 
way to produce a bright finish is to 
paint the surface with oxalic acid. 
Copper or brass may be turned green 
by painting with repeated applications 


of alternate washings of diluted acetic acid and exposure to 
the fumes of ammonia or by immersing the metal in a solu- 


Pattern for circular lamp shade 


tion of one part perchlorid of iron and two parts of water. 
Nitrate of copper is often used when the article is small 


enough to be boiled in a 
strong solution of it. 
Copper can also be sub- 
jected to heat which makes 
it beautiful in color. 
Although the craft of 
hammering and _ piercing 
metal is a comparatively 
easy one, and certainly an 
art that can be carried out 
with most inexpensive ma- 
terials and in an inexpen- 
sive way, it should not be 
forgotten that a good deal 
of care is necessary to se- 
cure good results. This is 


true of all kinds of craft work, and is as true here as in other 
But the technical processes are here very easy, and 


very little persever- 
ance is needed to 
secure satisfactory 
results. The range 
of articles that may 
be made or deco- 
rated is, also, very 
large, and includes 
a host of service- 
able and ornamental 
articles that any 
one would be glad 
to have or offer 
as gifts to one’s 
friends. The work is 
not irksome and is a 
most agreeable form 
of home handicraft. 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 465 


Costing from Four to 


HE modern mind is rapidly coming to the 
conclusion that the country is the ideal 
place in which to live, even though one’s 
business may be in the city, and this feel- 
ing has not been better developed than is 
expressed in the many beautiful suburbs to 
be found in the vicinity of Chicago. No 

city has better suburbs, and the reason of their beauty is that 

they are laid out with a definite plan in view. Broad avenues 
are lined with finely constructed roadways which are planted 
on either side with two rows of trees; one row extending 
along the middle of the grassed plats, which is twenty-five 
feet wide between the 
curb and the sidewalk, 
while another row of 


trees is planted be- 
tween the sidewalk and 
the fence-line. The 


houses being well set 
back from the street 
and on a line with each 
other give a greater 
breadth of space by the 
lawn extending from 
the sidewalk to the 
front line of the houses. 
In order to eliminate 
all the appearances of 
the usual fences the 
planting of shrubs in an 
artistic profusion be- 
tween each house not 
only forms a privacy to 
the rear of the house, 
which is so frequently 
neglected, but it also 
maintains the dividing 
line of each one’s prop- 
erty. 

The group of houses 
illustrated herewith rep- 
resents a very excellent 
type of modern house, 
costing from four to 
six thousand dollars. 
These houses are well- 
built and are thoroughly 
equipped with all the 
modern appointments, 
by which housekeeping 
is made easy and con- 
venient for the modern 
housewife. The first 


Some Western Homes 


By Francis Durando Nichols 


Fig. |—The entrance-porch to Mr. Cleveland’s house is massed with 
an artistic profusion of shrubs 


Six Thousand Dollars 


house, illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, was built for 
B. W. Cleveland, Esq., at Wilmette, Ill. It is an attractive 
house, and is constructed of stucco and shingles, the lines of 
which are well broken by an attractive porch and bay windows. 
The underpinning is built of red brick laid in white mortar. 
The remainder of the house is of wood. The main walls, 
from the water-table to the under side of the sills of the 
second-story windows, are covered with wire-mesh and given 
a triple coat of cement stucco finished in its natural gray 
color. ‘The remainder of the wall surface above is covered 
with shingles stained a burnt-umber, while the trimmings, 
throughout, are painted ivory-white. ‘The roof is shingled 
and is stained a moss- 
green. ‘The entrance to 
the house is direct from 
the street to the porch, 
which is placed in the 
center of the house. 
This porch is provided 
with a_ stucco balus- 
trade and stucco col- 
umns, which support 
the roof of the porch. 
The hall of the house is 
trimmed with cypress 
stained a soft brown 
color. To the left of 
the hall is the living- 
room extending the 
depth of the house and 
finished in old_ ivory- 
white. It has a paneled 
seat in the bay window, 
which is built at the 
side of the house, and 
an open fireplace built 
of brick with facings 
and hearth of similar 
brick, and a mantel of 
Colonial style. At the 
rear of the living-room 
a French window opens 
on to the living-porch, 
which is furnished in 
keeping with the house. 
The dining-room, to the 
right of the hall, has 
a white painted trim, 
and a plate-rack extend- 
ing around the room. 
White painted battens 
extend from the floor 
to the plate-rack, form- 


466 


ing panels, which 
are of rough plas- 
ter and are tinted a 
soit «ywelliow. A 
softer yellow color- 
scheme is used for 
the wall space above 
the plate-rack and 
across the ceiling. 
The service end of 
the house is most 9 Ke 
complete in all its  "geaah/7/(7i0] 
appointments. The | = 
second story  con- 
tains three  bed- 
rooms and a_ bath- 
room, anid one 
servant bedroom 
over the kitchen. 
The former has 
white painted trim, 
with mahogany fin- 
ished doors, while 


the bathroom is 
in white enamel 
throughout, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures, 


with exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor con- 
tains two bedrooms and a trunk-room. ‘The heating appara- 
tus and fuel-room and cold-storage and laundry are placed 
in the cellar. Mr. Howard Bowen, of Chicago, was the 
architect of this interesting house. The house, illustrated in 
Figs. 7, 8, 13 and 14, was built for Mrs. Rose M. Kavana, 
at Oak Park, Illinois, from plans of Lawrence Buck, archi- 
tect, of Chicago. ‘The house is a most interesting one, and 
thoroughly artistic and distinctive in character. The brick- 
walk, which leads direct to the entrance-porch, with steps 
also built of brick, leads to the front door, over which is 
built a hood with pergola effect. [he massive wall space 
of stucco, of which the house is built, from the grade to the 
peak of the house, is well broken by an artistic grouping 
of small lighted windows. ‘The soft gray of the stucco 
walls, the green of the trimmings, and the red of the shin- 
gled roof is most harmonious. The front door opens direct 
into the lobby, from which the living-room is reached. This 
living-room and the adjoining dining-room are finished with 


Fig. 3—The first floor plan 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Fig. 2—Mr. Cleveland’s house is built of cement stucco and shingles 


Fig. 4—The bay window of the living-room 


December, 1909 


cypress stained a 
soft brown. The 
living-room has an 
open fireplace, with 
facings and hearth 
of brick, and a sim- 
ple stained wooden 
mantel. A paneled 
seat is built in at the 
side of the fireplace. 
The staircase, orna- 
mental in design, 
rises out of the liy- 
ing-room to the sec- 
ond floor. Opposite 
the staircase is built 
a French window, 
by which a pergola 
porch is reached. 
From the dining- 
room another 
French _ window 
opens on to the liy- 
ing-porch, which is 
formed by massive 
stuccoed arches. The service end of the house is most 
complete. The second story contains three bedrooms and 
bathroom, the latter furnished with porcelain fixtures and 
exposed nickelplated plumbing. The house of Harrison A. 
Smith, at Wilmette, Illinois, and illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, 
II, 12, 15, 16, 17.and 18, is another type of the stucco 
house, and was designed by Mr. Howard Bowen. The ex- 
terior walls throughout are of gray stucco, while the trim- 
mings are painted white. ‘The roof is shingled and finished 
natural. The front porch, quite unique in its form, is built 
in the center of the house, while the living-porch, which is 
used in summer as a breakfast-room, is placed at the rear 
of the house, adjoining the living-room. This living-porch 
is connected with the lobby in order to have direct service 
from the kitchen. The hall is trimmed with oak, with a 
paneled wainscoting above which the walls are treated with 
a pea-green paint. The living-room is also trimmed with 
oak, and its walls are treated with a soft tone of écru. 
A broad open fireplace, with facings of red brick laid in 
white mortar, extends from the floor to the ceiling; the 


MAIDS R 


103 xB 


BED R. 


IBZx 


Fig. 5—Second floor plan 


is artistically designed with leaded glass 
in the upper sash 


December, 1909 


height being broken by a paneled wooden mantel-shelf. The 
bay window, placed at the side of the room adjoining the 
fireplace, is furnished with a paneled seat. French windows 
at the rear of the living-room open on to the living-porch. 
Low bookcases are built-in at either side of the French 
windows. The dining-room is trimmed with oak and has 
paneled walls to the height of seven feet, finished with a 
plate-rack. A sideboard is built-in at the side of the room, 
with leaded-glass doors, and the cupboard above the coun- 
ter-shelf and drawers and cupboards below. The wall 
space above the plate-rack is painted a light yellow color. 
The ceiling is beamed. The butler’s pantry and kitchen 
are trimmed with maple, and each is fitted up with the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 467 


covered with a sloping shingled roof. The trimmings are 
painted white. The entrance-porch is placed at the front 
of the house and forms an access to the small lobby, which 
is, in reality, a part of the living-room. This lobby is, 
however, screened from the living-room so as to prevent 
the cold winter draughts from sweeping into the house, and 
at the same time gives some privacy to the living-room. This 
living-room is trimmed with oak. It has ceiling-beams. The 
walls are of rough plaster tinted écru. The inglenook 
has a broad opening covered with a Dutch hood, while in 
the recess is built a fireplace of red brick and finished with 
a mantel. Paneled seats are built on either side of the 
opening. The dining-room is also trimmed with oak finished 


Fig. 6—Another view of Mr. Cleveland’s house showing the other side 


best modern fixtures. The second story contains the sleep- 
ing-rooms, all of which have white painted trim. One of 
the bedrooms has an open fireplace. One of the bedrooms 
has a yellow-striped paper finished with yellow-rose border, 
while another has gray walls with bands of pink roses 
forming a panel, and the third has blue-striped paper. The 
bathroom has a tiled floor and wainscoting, and is fur- 
nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickelplated 
plumbing. There is one room and a trunk-room in the attic. 
The laundry, store-room, furnace-room «nd fuel-room are 
placed in the cellar. Mr. Bowen also designed the house 
built for George H. Mars, at Kenilworth, Illinois, illus- 
frated im Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. The house 
is quite distinct from the others illustrated in this series. 
It is constructed of stucco, for the exterior walls, 
and is tinted a soft yellow, while the entire building is 


in a dark Flemish brown. It has a batten wainscoting 
from the floor to the height of seven feet, at which point it is 
finished with a plate-rack. ‘The walls are of rough plaster, 
and the spaces between the batten below the plate-rack is 
painted a Delft blue, while the space above the plate-rack 
is painted a mustard-yellow. The ceiling is beamed. The 
kitchen and its appointments are most complete. [he second 
floor, containing four bedrooms and a bathroom, has a white 
enamel trim, with floors and doors stained and finished in 
forest-green. [he bathroom has a tiled floor, and is fur- 
nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickelplated 
plumbing. The house is heated by a hot-water system, 
placed in the cellar. ‘The cellar also contains the fuel-rooms 
and an instantaneous hot-water heater. 

Special study has been given to the planning and the de- 
signing of the kitchens of the houses illustrated, both by 


| 
| DINNG ROOM 


13-C'X17-O" 


‘LIVING ROOM: 


16-O'X 20-0" 


KITCHEN 
1x gs, 


LIVING ROOM 
14x29 
PINING ROOM 
143x125 


Fig. | 1—Mr. Smith’s house is built of stucco and has a shingled roof Fig. |2—First floor plan 


BALCONY 


Fig. 15—The living-room of Mr. Smith’s house has a brick fireplace with facing extending to the ceiling Fig. |6—Bay window of the living-room of Mr. Smith’s house 


BED R. 
W2KIZ 


Fig. |7—Second floor plan Fig. 18-—Another view of Mr. Smith’s house showing the other side of it 


ROOF 


BALCONY 


*BED ROOM: 


ikkexi4=< 


DINNG ROOM: Rid 


IStexIT-o 


LIVING ROOM 


{G-Ox 2070 


PORCH 


KircHen 
Wed 


LIVING ROOM 
14929 


| DINING ROOM 


Fig. 11 —Mr. Smith's house is built of stucco and has a shingled roof igi == Ranttieortelen Fig. 17—Second floor plan Fig. 18 —Another view of Mr. Smith’s house showing the other side of it 


the owners who have 
built them and by the 
architects who designed 
them. The kitchen is one 
of the most important 
apartments of a house, 
and yet it is a room 
more frequently neglec- 
ted than any other 
room of a house. 

Much thought has 
to be given to build a 
kitchen which will be 
just the right size and 
to equip it with every 
modern labor-saving 
device. All cooking in 
the Western home is 
done by gas, and the 
water is heated by a gas 
water-heater, both of 
which are labor savers. 

Another feature of 
the model kitchen is the 


BED ROOM 
14/6x13 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


| KITCHEN 
10/s* IY, 


PANTRY 


DINING ROOM 
I5 X 15h 


LIVING ROOM 
25 x 13 


Fig. 20—First floor plan 


building of numerous 
dressers with drawers 
and doors glazed with 
small lighted glass, so 
as to eliminate the usual 
dark pot-closet and 
pantry which are usually 
provided. 

Another saver of 
steps and labor is the 
living-porch, which is 
built and enclosed with 
screens in summer and 
with glass in winter, and 
is within easy access to 
the kitchen or butler’s 
pantry, so that the liv- 
ing-porch may be used 
for dining uses in sum- 
mer, thus saving the ne- 


Fig. 21—The dining-room of Mr. Mars’ house has batten wainscoting cessity of using the din- 
finished with a plate-rack ing-room. 


Fig. 22—Second floor plan Fig. 23—Another view of Mr. Mars’ house showing the graceful lines of its roof 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


471 


Concrete Ornaments for the Garden and How to Make Them 


Wee CONCREME RENCE 


By Ralph C. Davison 


ONCRETE fences are becoming more 
in favor every year, for the reason that 
they always look substantial and neat, and 
at the same time require practically no 
expense for maintenance. The accompany- 
ing illustrations are suggestive of what is 
and can be done in concrete fence work. 
The first thing to do in building a fence is to prepare a 

good foundation or base for it to rest on. Care should 

always be taken to see that the base is placed deep enough 
in the ground to obviate all trouble which may arise from 
frost or the heaving of the ground in the spring of the year. 

The depth of the foundation depends largely upon locality 

and the nature of the soil, but usually a depth of from 18 

inches to 3 feet from the surface of the ground is sufficient 

to overcome any trouble from frost. 
To prepare the foundation, a trench should first be dug, 


Fig. 1—Concrete foundation 


as shown in Fig. 1. This should be about 14 inches wide. 
The depth depends, as stated above, upon the locality and 
nature of the soil. The bottom of the trench should be well 
tamped down, so as to make a good solid bottom on which 
to deposit the concrete which should be composed of 1 part 
Portland cement, 3 parts of sand, and 5 parts of broken 
stone or gravel. This mixture should be placed while fairly 
wet, and should be well tamped down and leveled off. The 
foundation, after having set or hardened for from one to 
three days, will be ready to re- 
ceive the fence-posts and rails 
or panels which may be of va- 
rious designs. 

The fence-posts are usually 
made in wooden molds, and set 
up and cemented in place on 
the foundation after they are 
finished. The posts and post- 
caps are cast separately, as 
shown in Figs. 2 and 3. A de- 
tail of the post-mold is shown 
in Fig. 2. It consists, as shown, 
of a square box built up of 
¥%4-inch to 1-inch boards braced 
by 2-inch by 4-inch studding. 
These posts can be made of 
any desired dimensions. As a 


K> 
f 
— SN; 


—<“o 
Ae 
p SF ak 
lj 
{h\ { 
H ° 

] 


Fig. 2—Wood mold for posts 


Fig. 4—Latticed panel design 


rule, a good size is about 12 inches square by from 3 feet 
to 4 feet high. A mixture composed of 1 part Portland 
cement, 2 parts of sand, and 4 parts of broken stone or 
gravel should be used for making the posts. 

The post-mold should be placed on end, as shown in 
Fig. 2, and the concrete should be deposited while in a 
pasty state. It should be well tamped down, and by work- 
ing the heavy stone away from the sides of the mold, while 
depositing, by means of a wooden paddle or pitchfork, thus 
allowing the finer particles of cement and sand to come to 
the face of the mold a smooth surface will be obtained on 
the cast. It would be well to shellac and grease the mold 
before depositing the concrete. Be sure to get the top and 
bottom of the mold square with the sides, for if this is not 
done, more or less trouble will be had in truing the posts 
up when placing them in position on the base or foundation. 

The caps, as stated above, are cast separately from the 


Top of post showing locution of 
grooves in sides of post to receive 
ends of panels 


Uy} 
be a oh 


RY 
SSS 
“ 


Fig. 3—Mold for post cap 


posts. A simple form or mold for the post-caps can be 
made as shown in Fig. 3. This is composed of a wooden 
box made to the desired dimensions of the finished cap. The 
bottom or curved portion of the cap, shown at d, can be 
produced by securing to the inside bottom edges of the mold 
strips of wood molding of any desired shape neatly mitered 
at the corners as shown. ‘This molding comes in standard 
sizes and shapes, and can be procured in long strips at almost 
any carpenter’s shop. Shellac and oil the inside of this 
mold well before placing the 
concrete, for if one neglects to 
do this, trouble will be had in 
stripping the mold from the 
cast. When stripping or re- 
moving the mold from the cast, 
remove all four sides first be- 
fore attempting to remove the 
bottom. It will be noted that 
the molding is secured to the 
bottom of the mold only, the 
four sides merely resting snugly 
against it when the mold is as- 
sembled. Care should also be 
taken to level off and trowel 
smoothly the top of the cap 
after the concrete is placed in 
the mold. Use the same mix- 


472 


ture for casting these caps as was used 
in making the posts. 

Various designs are resorted to in 
filling in between the posts in fence 
work, such as balusters, scroll designs, 
panels, etc. The diamond or lattice de- 
sign of railing or panel, shown in Fig 4, 
is largely used for porch work as well 
as fences. It is cast in one piece and 
is reinforced with a sheet of 6-inch 
mesh No. 4 expanded metal placed in 
the center of the concrete strands which 
are made about 2 inches square. The 
expanded metal reinforcing lends itself 
nicely to this design, inasmuch as the 
meshes are of a diamond shape. If, 
however, this metal is not available, 
¥%-inch round or square steel cords can 
be used for reinforcing the panel, with 
good results. The method of mak- 
ing a fence panel of this kind is sim- 
ple. All that is required in the way 
of a form is a box 2 inches deep by 
the desired height and length of the 
panel which is to be made. In the 
bottom of this box locate the position 
of the diamond-shaped holes. Then 
make of wood as many diamond- 
shaped blocks as are required, and 
secure them by nails in their proper 
position to the bottom of the mold. 
Allow a good draft or taper on all 
sides of the blocks as shown, so that the fence-panel, when 
cast, can be easily withdrawn from the mold. Before cast- 
ing, shellac and oil well all part of the mold that will come 
in contact with the wet concrete. When the mold is com- 
plete, as shown in Fig. 7, place about 1 inch of concrete in 
it, then place the sheet of expanded metal or steel rods in 


5h “Tongu ee 
and grooved 


Fillin with /teld| 
stones and cement 


ats, 


| shown by 
| dotted lines 


yf 
I 


Reinjorcine 
< TH CONT CE Uh 
Se Feb. 
Dianond 
Fig. 7—Mold for lattice fence panel = x _ 
% BR enforcing kod 


Strip of wood for 


OrPINiNG GPrOOVE~ GE, se 
SO ae EN plewper qe op 


Grace bottom of mould well as 
shown here 


Fig. 8—Mold for lattice panel coping 


AMERICAN HOMES AND 


Fig. 5—Rubble Panel 


Wood spacer or spreader to hold 
é (e258 ad ey i ? te ot 
sides of form proper dts cence part 


oe aa ce braces against 
Sorat intervals to 


AA 3 spaced every 18'to 
holed 


; WW IR 
Fig. 6—Mold for rubble panel 


GARDENS 


December, 1909 


position on it, and proceed to fill the 
mold flush with the top. Level off the 
concrete and allow it to set for two or 
three days, occasionally wetting it down 
well with water. After the concrete is 
hardened, the mold can easily be re- 
moved by gently tapping the surface of 
the exposed diamond blocks here and 
there through the surface of the mold. 
Any corners of the cast that may have 
been broken or injured in removing the 
cast from the mold can be readily 
pointed up with a mixture of cement 
mortar composed of 1 part Portland 
cement to 2 parts of sand. The whole 
surface of the panel can then be well wet 
down and painted with a mixture of 
neat cement and water mixed to the con- 
sistency of a thick cream; this on dry- 
ing out will produce a good uniform 
color to the whole piece. The concrete 
mixture used in making this panel 
should be composed of 1 part Port- 
land cement, 2 parts of sand, and 
2 parts of gravel or broken stone, not 
to exceed 1% inch in size. 
In setting this panel in place, the 
fence-posts should be provided with 
a groove 2% inches to 2% inches 
wide by 3% inch to 34 inch deep in 
the middle of their two opposite 
sides, as shown in Fig. 2. ‘This is 
to allow the ends of the panels to set into the posts. After 
having located the panel in its proper position in the groove 
or recess, the recess should be filled in with cement mortar 
flush with the face of the post, thus producing a good smooth 
finish as well as firmly cementing the panel in place. 
The panel should be topped off with a coping, as shown 


BZ) 

Fie 
Pe 
O1WO 


PaneZ OT ae 


forms tn line and 
i} to prevent then from 
i spreading 


Galvanized sheet tron Jorvne 
well nailed to wood, 


wood 


Lemplate or farmersor top ff Conny 


iy 
Za Aa: OF ROL BY OGY 
SM On. Dy se Ee | 
pot Bo POLS VED 
FO anne LOM 
EP AB py YZ 


ae 


re We ON YS aN A LN 
Showing postion of tem late tn plucejor 


Forming top of Coptruy 
Fig. 9—Molds for low cement coping 


December, 1909 


in Fig. 4. The under side of this coping should also be 
provided with a groove, as shown in Fig. 8, of the same 
dimensions as the grooves in the sides of the posts, so that 
it can be let down on and securely cemented to the top of 
the panel. This coping can be cast in a wooden mold made 
as shown in Fig. 8. A strip of wood, tapered on the sides 
as sho-yn, can be used to form the groove in the bottom of 
the coping. The mold should first be filled to within the 
thickness of this strip from its top. The strip should then 
be centered, and the concrete filled in on both sides of it 
until flush with the top of the mold. A mixture composed 
of 1 dart of Portland cement to 3 parts of sand and fine 
gravel will give good results for this class of work. 
Another very effective panel for fences is the rubble panel 
made of field stone shown in Fig. 5. This is made in a 
mold composed of four pieces of 2-inch by 4-inch lumber. 
This frame is made of the desired size of the finished panel. 
It is then laid down flat on a good level piece of ground 
and filled in with about 1 inch of cement mortar composed 
of 1 part Portland cement and 3 parts of sand. A sheet 
of steel reinforcing mesh, such as expanded metal or steel 
rods, is then placed on top of this 1 inch of mortar, and 
over the reinforcing is deposited about 2 inches more of the 
cement mortar, into which the field stones are embedded. 
The stones, before embedding into the mortar, should be 
well wet down. This panel should be allowed to harden, 
before attempting to raise it from its position, for at least 
from four to six days. It should also be occasionally well 
sprinkled with water. After it has thoroughly hardened 
it can be set up in place between the fence-posts in a similar 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


473 


manner as explained for setting up the diamond design of 
the panel. After this panel has been set in place, the rough 
side of it can be cleaned off and well wet down and finished, 
by means of plastering it with a cement mortar made of 1 
part Portland cement to from 2 to 3 parts of sand. 

The same rubble effect can be obtained in a solid wall by 
building up on the foundation a wooden mold, as shown in 
Fig. 6. This mold should then be filled in with heavy and 
light field stone, and when the mold is filled level with the 
top, a fairly thin creamy mixture of 1 part Portland cement 
to 2 parts of sand can be poured into the mold. ‘This 
cement grout, as it is called, will find its way into all of 
the crevices or voids between the stones, and will securely 
cement them together. The mold should be removed in 
from twelve to twenty-four hours at the longest. The 
surface of the wall should then be scrubbed down well with 
a good stiff wire brush and plenty of water. ‘This treat- 
ment will remove all of the surface cement, and thus ex- 
pose the stone to view. If desired, a coping can then be 
cemented to the top of the wall, as shown in Fig. 5. A 
wall of this kind can be made of any length. Fence-posts 
can then be cast in place at the ends, or they can be cast 
separately, as previously explained and set up in place. 

As stated above, when panels are used in the construction 
of a fence, the posts should always be cast with a groove or 
recess for them to fit into. When assembling a panel fence, 
the first post should be firmly cemented in position on the 
foundation or base with a mixture of cement mortar com- 
posed of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. One 
end of the panel should then be located in the groove in 


Fig. 10—Garden with cement balustrade and ornaments 


474 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


the fence-post, and should be tempo- 
rarily held in position until the next 
post is moved up into place, so as to 
engage the other end of the panel in 
the groove cast in its side. The sec- 
ond post and the panel should then be 
trued up and held in position by 
wooden wedges. The whole then 
should be firmly cemented in place with 
cement mortar, and the remaining 
posts and panels set up in like manner 
on the foundation until the fence is 
complete. 

Low cement copings, such as shown 
in Fig. 11, are much in vogue along 
the sides of paths as well as some- 
times being used to indicate the divid- 
ing line between two pieces of property. 
These copings can be easily construc- 
ted by the use of two boards, a few 
wooden pegs, and a metal template 
cut to the desired outline of the top 
of the finished coping. The first 
thing to do is to set the boards up 
along the foundation or base, as 
shown in Fig. 9, which has pre- 


Fig. | 1|—Low cement coping 


viously been made to the desired 
width, then drive in the wooden 
pegs as shown, spacing them about 
16 inches apart. Nail the side 
boards to them firmly, and then line 
up the sides and level off the top 
of the boards. Now fill in the 
space between the boards 
with a mixture of 1 part 
Portland cement and 4 parts 
of fairly coarse sand. 

Do not make this mixture 
too wet. Now make a 
former or template out of a 
heavy piece of tin or gal- 
vanized iron. Cut this to: 
the form of the desired shape 


Yoggt e holes 


Fig. 15—Removing the mold 


December, 1909 


edges of it lap over the sides of the 
boards, as shown at 4. 

Now on the cement already placed 
between the side boards build up more 
of the mixture until it reaches high 
enough to be scraped or cut off by the 
template as it is moved back and forth 
over the top of the side boards. Keep 
adding cement to the top of the coping 
and packing it down, at the same time 
moving the template back and forth 
until a good smooth even surface is 
obtained of the same outline as the 
cut-out portion of the template or 
former. 

With this method a coping of any 
desired shape and length can be made 
at a small expense. 

Probably one of the oldest designs 
of fence, and one that is still popular 

for certain architectural effects, is 
the balustrade. ‘This is made up 
of a number of small pillars set on 
a base and topped off with a cop- 
ing, as indicated in the half-tone 
illustration, Fig. ro. Formerly 


Fig. 14—Ready to pour 


these balustrades were made of 
stone or marble, and were used only 
in the highest class of work, owing 
to their great cost, due to the fact 
that each baluster had to be cut 
out of a solid block or piece of 
stone. 

These balustrades are now 
made of concrete, and are 
used in places where for- 
merly, owing to their ex- 
pense, their use was prohibi- 
tive. The half-tone illustra- 


tions shown in Figs. 12, 13, 
14, 15, 16 and 17 show dif- 
ferent views of the plaster 
mold in which the balusters 
are cast, as well as the va- 


of the top of the coping, and 
nail it securely to a piece of 
I-inch board, as shown in 
the illustration. Place this 
in position on the top of the 
two side boards, letting the 


a Lind View eZ y 
ya 
Baluster 


on all four 
sides with 
Paster 


4 about Lo" 
Clay\ thick 


“Jogyle holes 


Fig. 16—Mbold for concrete balustrade 


rious steps in the making of 
a concrete baluster. The 
first thing to do in order to 
make the mold for a concrete 
baluster is to procure a 


December, 1909 


model. This can be of either wood, plaster, or stone, or 
it can be modeled in clay. Perhaps the cheapest way would 
be to procure from a carpenter or builder a stock model 
of a wood baluster of pleasing design. This should be 
well coated with two or three coats of shellac. It should 
then be oiled and placed on the working bench, as shown 


Fig. |7—Pointing up baluster 


in Fig. 16. A square block of plaster 4d, 1 inch to 1% 
inches in thickness, to correspond in size and shape to the 
base B of the baluster, should then be made. ‘This should 
be placed and secured to the end of the baluster at B, as 
indicated. Now take some modeler’s clay and place it 
along the entire length of 
the baluster from C to D, 
as indicated by the shaded 
portions e and f in the 
end view No. 1, Fig. 16. 
Smooth off the surfaces g 
and h of the clay to an 
angle of about 45 degrees. 
After having prepared the 
clay on the model of the 
baluster, as described above, 
block up the two ends by 
placing against them two 
pieces of board, as shown 
at h and i. Now get a 
fairly large tin dishpan and 
partly fill it with water, and 
to this add plaster of Paris, 
at the same time stirring it 
well, until the mixture is of 
the consistency of thick 
cream. Pour this mixture 
over the model of the bal- 
uster and into the cavity 
formed by the clay strips 
and the two end boards. 
Allow the plaster to set or 
harden for about ten min- 
utes, after which time the 
clay and end boards can be 
removed. Now turn the 
model over, letting it rest 
on the plaster shell just 
cast, as shown in Fig 16. 
Then proceed as before to 
cast a plaster-shel] on side 
K of the model, using the 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


475 


clay sides and end boards. After the plaster has hardened, 
remove the clay and boards and turn the model over into 
the position indicated in Fig. 16. Cut joggle holes in to 
the angular faces of the plaster-shell, as indicated in the 
various half-tone illustrations, then shellac and oil these sur- 


Fig. 20—Cement mortar fence complete 


faces well. Now proceed to cast section L of the plaster 
pee uw Fi shed Ly st, CLG" 
bLLb by Plan View. et Lost yf Lerwe J Cueh 
eG — = h a 
A Ahn 
Ria ee ome bell sae 
' Ae * 7a Le | | deeb) 
i et a | 7S 
SL {- = ee Be 
i Peta of finished | | 7H 7, 
ana aes 7 lence. , my IN fecria 
i Lite Ltt 
r- - | [eile 
a Sa ee ee |G Grade - J 
PAPI DT DE || SES Era 
Cover with metal lath , ee ) 
wired on is i S| 
IO 
zs | Hie 


. e Side View. End view. 
= 


Method of aching , 


AS \Zop an bolton Lt 4 
ba | L bean posts. 


Fig. 18—Details of metal frame and cement mortar fence 


mold. After this is hardened, turn the model over again 
and cast section N of the mold, as shown in Fig. 16. Let 
this harden for from ten to fifteen minutes. Now, if the 
angular edges of the plaster have been properly oiled as 
directed, a slight tapping here and there on the plaster-shell 
will be sufficient to release 
it from the model of the 
baluster. The inside of the 
plaster mold should now be 
cleaned up and be given 
two coats of shellac. After 
drying it should be well 
oiled with a fairly thick oil 
to prevent the cement, 
when casting, from adher- 
ing to it. Before assem- 
bling the various parts of 
the mold, a hole should be 
made in the center of the 
piece 4. This hole should 
be about % inch deep and 
large enough to receive the 
end of a %-inch round rod. 
Each baluster should be 
cast with a rod of this size 
running through it, from 
end to end. This rod not 
only acts as a reinforcing 
for the baluster, but it also 
helps to hold them firmly 
in place when setting them 
up in the balustrade. Now 
assemble the various parts 
of the plaster mold, and 
secure them firmly together 
by irons shaped as shown in 
the half-tone illustrations, 
Figs. 14 and 15. To cast 
the baluster, set the mold 
on end, as shown in Fig. 
14, and fill it with a mix- 
ture of 1 part Portland 


476 


cement, 2 parts of sand, and 3 parts of broken stone or 
gravel not to exceed % inch in size. Mix these all together 
thoroughly until dry, and then add enough water to this 
mixture to make it of a creamy consistency, so that it can 
be poured into the mold from a pail as shown. After pour- 
ing, let the mold set on end, undisturbed, for about twenty- 
four hours. At the end of this time the concrete will be 
hard enough to allow of the removal of the mold. 

Before casting the next baluster, clean and oil the inside 
of the mold well. If any part of the baluster should have 
been injured in removing the mold, it can be readily pointed 
up with a cement mortar made of 1 part Portland cement to 
2 parts of sand. Wet the injured portion well before start- 
ing to point it up, for if this is not done, trouble will be had 
in getting the mortar to adhere to the baluster. 

The base upon which to set the balusters can be made in 
a similar manner as described for the making of the low 
‘coping, previously explained; but instead of having a curved 
outline to the top, the base upon which to set the balusters 
should be made flat. Holes can be made at proper intervals 
in the top of the base, to receive the 1%-inch rods which are 
cast in the balusters, while the cement is still in a soft state. 
This will facilitate matters when setting up the balustrade. 
The coping can be cast in a square wooden mold in any 
lengths desired in a similar manner as described for the 
casting of the coping for the lattice panel explained above. 
In setting up the balustrade wet all part which are to be 
cemented together, and use a cement mortar composed of 
1 part Portland cement to 2 parts of sand. 

The combination metal frame and cement mortar fence 
is used where a good, neat, strong and permanent structure 
is desired. Its life is practically unlimited, and the cost for 
maintenance, when properly built, is nothing. No molds 
or wooden forms are required in its construction. It is 
made up on a steel skeleton covered with metal lath. In 
the fence here illustrated expanded metal lath was used. 
A detail of the steel skeleton or framework is shown in 
Fig. 18, and in Fig. 19 is shown the progressive operations 
in the building of the structure. Fig. 20 shows the fence 
as it appears when completed. 

On referring to Fig. 18, a clear idea of how the frame- 
work is assembled will be obtained. The posts are made 
of 3-inch steel I beams, and are firmly embedded in a foun- 
dation of concrete 15 inches square by 3 feet deep. As 
shown, they are placed at 8 feet 3 inches centers, and the 
total height of the posts from the bottom of the foundation 
to their tops is g feet. The top and bottom rails are made 
of 2%-inch x 2™%-inch steel angles. It will be noticed that 
the bottom rail is placed with the point of the angle down. 
The object of this is to relieve the fence, to a large extent, 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


from the upward pressure due to the rising of the ground 
in the spring time. If the bottom was left flat, as is usually 
done, a direct pressure would come on it, but by forming 
it, as shown, the tendency, when the ground rises, is for it 
to slide off on each side, thus relieving the fence of the direct 
pressure which it would otherwise be subjected to. 

Midway between the posts are secured to the top and 
bottom rail 1-inch x r-inch x %-inch angles, and in the cen- 
ter of these angles, as well as in the webs of the I beams 
used for the posts, are provided three 3£-inch holes, through 
which are inserted three 14-inch round steel rods. 

After this framework is set up, metal lath is wired to it, 
as shown in Fig. 19, and the steel skeleton is then complete 
and is ready for the application of the cement mortar. 

The first coat of cement mortar should be made up of 1 
part Portland cement to 2 or 3 parts of fairly coarse sand, 
and should contain a sufficient amount of long cow or goat- 
hair to form a good key. The first coat should. be applied 
to the thickness of about 1 inch, and its face should be well 
scratched to make a good key for the second coat to bond 
to. After this coat has been applied to one side of the lath 
and has become hard, the reverse side of the fence, the sur- 
face of which will appear very rough, should first be thor- 
oughly saturated with water and then be plastered, to a like 
thickness, with a mortar of the same composition, except 
that the hair should be omitted. ‘The posts should be treated 
with mortar in the same manner as the panels, forming them 
into shape as the work progresses. ‘he finishing coat can 
now be applied to both sides. ‘The cement mortar for the 
finish should be of the same proportion as used for the first 
coat; but before applying it, be sure to saturate the first coat 
with water, for if this is not done, a good bond between the 
first and finish coat will not be obtained. The top of the 
fence can be finished off square or a coping can be placed 
on it, as fancy dictates. If a coping is desired, it can be 
cast separately and set in place, or it can be run in place in 
a similar manner as previously explained for making a low 
coping. 

The surface of the fence can be finished with any one of 
the artistic surfaces which are possible to obtain with this 
material, such as a rough or smooth surface, slap dash, peb- 
ble dash, or rough cast. Even some color can be incor- 
porated, if so desired. ‘The dimensions for the framework, 
as well as the construction of the frame as given in Fig. 18, 
are of a specific case, and are given more as a suggestion as 
to what can be done along these lines rather than to follow 
in detail. 

The general principles given for the construction of this 
type of fence can be modified to suit any size or shape of 
fence demanded by the various conditions that may arise. 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 47 


“I 


The Interior Details of the Bungalow and Its Furnishings 


By Kate Greenleaf Locke 


stage of development and the poitage I 
would draw many distinctions, and if we 
are to evolve it in the completeness of its 
beautiful possibilities from our present ar- 
chitecture we must clearly define the char- 
acteristics which make it something sep- 
arate and apart from the ordinary cottage. 

We should also insure that these features are embodied 
in its construction: The living-room, for instance, in a bun- 
galow serves in many cases as an entrance, parlor and recep- 
tion-room combined, the type of house permitting an uncon- 
ventional style of living; this is as it should 
be, and it is certainly convenient and economical, 
but in it the cosy seclusion of cottage-parlor is 
impossible. 

In the search for something that will satisfy 
a man’s need of beauty in his home surround- 
ings, his craving to live in “good style” (a 
craving which does not desert him because his 
income is small), we arrive at the bungalow. 
To have the charm and beauty of his home im- 


Fig. |—Ordinary window arranged to give a picturesque effect 


press the visitor who enters it is the natural and most 
wholesome ambition of many men and women, and the com- 
monplace cottage, with its mill-made doors and windows 
turned out of the same mold with hundreds of others, does 
not satisfy this ambition. The bungalow may be made to 
satisfy it. 

On the inside, as on the outside, there should be evidence 
of a rough-hewn hard finish to the woodwork, and while 
this has an expensive sound, as hand-work usually costs more 
than machine-work, it is not so in this case. The finish is 
so simple and so rustic as to take little time to accomplish it. 
The wood is stained and often left without further treat- 
ment, though it is sometimes rubbed down with oil, which 
deepens the color, or it is painted dead-black without var- 
nish, a simple matter and a cheap one, but very effective. 


The beams of the ceiling are often rough-hewn, the grilles 
are of flat slats or of lattice-work, and there is a marked 
absence of turned-work and no polished surface except upon 
the floor. 

Cement and terra-cotta floors are most effective and pic- 
turesque in the living-rooms and dining-rooms of bungalows, 
and are found to be as comfortable and as easily warmed 
as any other sort when they are overlaid with thick rugs. 
The cheapest floor which carries a good effect is an ordinary 
plank flooring planed down and painted smoothly with sev- 
eral coats of the best paint, or stained a dark brown and 
shellaced, in which latter case the shellac and a slight stain 


Fig. 2—A mantel of red brick and stained wooden walls 


will have to be renewed at least once a year. 
When the flooring is a poor one the cracks 
should be filled in before the paint is applied. 
Still less costly is a floor covering of Japanese 
or Chinese matting laid over several thick- 
nesses of newspaper and tacked tightly and 
smoothly. When small rugs are laid on the 
matting it forms a background for them which 
is pretty and durable. Wool terry, or filling 
in plain colors, should also be laid over floor- 
paper or many thicknesses of newspaper and tightly fastened 
down. This gives a background of dull blue, soft red, green 
or brown, and may be used effectively with or without rugs. 

Walls paneled to the ceiling, as in Figure No. 5, 
with stained wood or wainscoted up four feet on the side- 
walls, ceiling-beams with sand-finished plaster between them, 
inglenooks at the fireside, brick or stone chimneys built in 
the room with projecting chimney-breasts, are frequent fix- 
tures of a bungalow interior. 

It will be recognized at once that these things sweep away 
all possibility of an ordinary or commonplace effect, and 
substitute one of individual beauty and picturesque charm. 
In the use of these delightful accessories to the builder’s art 
there is a field for much artistic feeling to express itself, but 
there is also great danger of overstepping the line of beauty 


Fig. 3—A beautiful color scheme in old rose and brown stained wood 


that edges simple, rustic art and falling into eccentricities. 
There are certain conventions which should govern here, 
as well as in the building of a Colonial, or an Italian, or an 
early English house. If we are formulating an architecture 
which is to be purely American (and the bungalow-cottage 
has been evolved from the East-Indian bungalow to suit 
American necessities), let us do so on lines which are strong 
and lasting. he interior of a bungalow should be pictur- 
esque but never queer. (Figure 1.) The chimney-breast 
may be broad and hospitable, but it should not be huge. 
The front door should be made on lines that differ distinctly 
from the conventionally accepted idea, but it should not be 
so large and heavy as to be disproportionate to the house; 
its hinges of wrought-iron and its knocker should not be so 
aggressively massive as to suggest the defence of a feudal 
castle (Figure 10) ; its electric-light fixtures and other hard- 
ware may very appropriately be made also of iron, but the 
heavy chains supporting great metal balls that are often seen 
hanging in the center of a low-ceiled room look menacing 
and ridiculous. 

In the planning of a bungalow the chief outlet for one’s 


Fig. 6—The inglenook is the feature of this living-room 


Hh IF 
A 


| 
‘ 


it 


taste and originality lies in its windows. ‘These may be 
French, English (Georgian) or Dutch. All of these types 
are casement in construction and are, therefore, far more 
picturesque than the mill-made windows which slide up and 
down. The casements of a bungalow should always be hung 
to swing outwards, as this way they do not interfere with the 
inside space. (Figure 2.) Ordinary mill-made windows 
may be so arranged in the design of the house as to give 
a picturesque effect by placing them in groups and cur- 
taining them effectively. “They may also be much improved 
by building a four-inch shelf above the casing and dropping 
the drapery from the projection, or by running a wide shelf 
flush with the sill. This latter device gives an effect of thick 
walls with a wide windowsill and is a great addition to the 
beauty of a room when ferns or other potted plants are 
placed here. 

The French window is always beautiful, in fact, it adds 
so much in beauty and elegance of effect to a room that it 
is supposed to be expensive when it is not. It costs little 
more to cut a window to the floor than to have it stop some 


feet above, and the casements may have the stock-panes of - 


Fig. 7—A living-h 


Fig. 4—A Dutch window in 


y 


all in 


tory-and-a-half bungalow 


lcove of a bungalow living-room 


cheap glass and yet, when curtained with muslin, chiutz or 
raw silk, be all that could be desired. (Figure 9g.) 

In illustration No. 9 we have French windows opening 
from a living and dining-room. Curtained with beautiful 
chinz in wistaria pattern they give much charm to the 
simple room. 

There seems also to prevail an erroneous impression that 
French windows are not suited to a cold climate. This de- 
pends entirely upon whether they are well-built and carefully 
fitted; and, undoubtedly, they add a double portion of sun- 
shine to the room within. 

In order to appreciate the real value of the present 
fashion of fitting up and furnishing the modest house of 
to-day, which is represented by a cottage or a bungalow, let 
us contrast it with the typical house of twenty years and 
more ago. The sitting-room in those days (the living-room 
was then unheard of) was often small; to have made it large 
and airy, with French windows or casements, with an arch- 
way opening to the dining-room, with an alcoved fireplace, 
would have been to have struck at the traditions which gov- 
erned the building of the cheap house and would have scan- 


Fig. 5—A dining-room paneled in white enamel battens 


dalized the public. I may safely state that, generally speak- 
ing, it was something in this wise: A room 12 x 18 feet 
had plain walls of white smooth plaster; or if papered, the 
color was dark of a mixed pattern in a calico design which 
was utterly impossible as a background for pictures and 
totally without beauty of its own. The woodwork of pine 
was grained to represent some impossible wood, generally 
light oak, and was highly varnished. ‘The four uncom- 
promising walls of this room were utterly devoid of a break 
or irregularity of any kind and rendered the room as char- 
acterless as the inside of a pasteboard box. The thin walls 
had shallow windows, often unrelieved by shelves or dra- 
peries; if curtains of Nottingham or other lace were used, 
they accentuated the thin, flat effect of the mill-made windows. 
These bleak, unhappy windows have small resemblance, with 
their somber shades of green cambric, to the pretty diamond- 
paned casements of to-day, where a curtain of soft silk (at 
39 cents a yard) or of flowered cotton, or denim, with rod 
and rings is drawn across the window-space, where a shelf 
below holds ferns and geraniums and where a wide-cushioned 
bench offers a lounging-seat. It is a matter for wonder that 


Fig. 8—A harmonious dining-room and living-room of a mountain bungalow 


Fig. 3—A beautiful color scheme in old rose and brown stained wood 


that edges simple, rustic art and falling into eccentricities. 
There are certain conventions which should govern here, 
as well as in the building of a Colonial, or an Italian, or an 
inglish house. If we are formulating an architecture 
which is to be purely American (and the bungalow-cottage 
has been evolved from the East-Indian bungalow to suit 
American necessities), Jet us do so on lines which are strong 
and lasting. ‘he interior of a bungalow should be pictur- 
esque but never queer. (Figure 1.) The chimney-breast 
may be broad and hospitable, but it should not be huge. 
The front door should be made on lines that differ distinctly 
from the conyentionally accepted idea, but it should not be 
so large and heavy as to be disproportionate to the house; 
its hinges of wrought-iron and its knocker should not be so 
aggressively massive as to suggest the defence of a feudal 
castle (Figure 10) ; its electric-light fixtures and other hard- 
ware may very appropriately be made also of iron, but the 
heavy chains supporting great metal balls that are often seen 
hanging in the center of a low-ceiled room look menacing 
and ridiculous. 

In the planning of a bungalow the chief outlet for one’s 


early 


taste and originality lies in its windows. These may be 
French, English (Georgian) or Dutch. All of these types 
are casement in construction and are, therefore, far more 
picturesque than the mill-made windows which slide up and 
down. The casements of a bungalow should always be hung 
to swing outwards, as this way they do not interfere with the 
inside space. (Figure 2.) Ordinary mill-made windows 
may be so arranged in the design of the house as to give 
a picturesque effect by placing them in groups and cur- 
taining them effectively. They may also be much improved 
by building a four-inch shelf above the casing and dropping 
the drapery from the projection, or by running a wide shelf 
flush with the sill. This latter device gives an effect of thick 
walls with a wide windowsill and is a great addition to the 
beauty of a room when ferns or other potted plants are 
placed here. 

The French window is always beautiful, in fact, it adds 
so much in beauty and elegance of effect to a room that it 
is supposed to be expensive when it is not. It costs little 
more to cut a window to the floor than to have it stop some 
feet aboye, and the casements may have the stock-panes of 


Fig. 4—A Dutch window in the alcove of a bungalow living-room 


cheap glass and yet, when curtained with muslin, chiatz or 
raw silk, be all that could be desired. (Figure 9.) 

In illustration No. 9 we have French windows opening 
from a living and dining-room. Curtained with beautiful 
chinz in wistaria pattern they give much charm to the 
simple room. 


There seems also to preyail an erroneous impression that 
French windows are not suited to a cold climate. This de- 
pends entirely upon whether they are well-built and carefully 
fitted; and, undoubtedly, they add a double portion of sun- 
shine to the room within. 

In order to appreciate the real value of the present 
fashion of fitting up and furnishing the modest house of 
to-day, which is represented by a cottage or a bungalow, let 
us contrast it with the typical house of twenty years and 
more ago. The sitting-room in those days (the living-room 
was then unheard of) was often small; to have made it large 
and airy, with French windows or casements, with an arch- 
way opening to the dining-room, with an alcoved fireplace, 
would have been to have struck at the traditions which goy- 
erned the building of the cheap house and would have scan- 


Fig. 5—A dining-room paneled in white enamel battens 


dalized the public. I may safely state that, generally speak- 
ing, it was something in this wise: A room 12 x 18 feet 
had plain walls of white smooth plaster; or if papered, the 
color was dark of a mixed pattern in a calico design which 
was utterly impossible as a background for pictures and 
totally without beauty of its own. The woodwork of pine 
was grained to represent some impossible wood, generally 
light oak, and was highly varnished. The four uncom- 
promising walls of this room were utterly deyoid of a break 
or irregularity of any kind and rendered the room as char- 
acterless as the inside of a pasteboard box. The thin walls 
had shallow windows, often unrelieved by shelves or dra- 
peries; if curtains of Nottingham or other lace were used, 
they accentuated the thin, flat effect of the mill-made windoy 
These bleak, unhappy windows have small resemblance, with 
their somber shades of green cambric, to the pretty diamond- 
paned casements of to-day, where a curtain of soft silk (at 
39 cents a yard) or of flowered cotton, or denim, with rod 
and rings is drawn across the window-space, where a shelf 
below holds ferns and geraniums and where a wide-cushioned 
bench offers a lounging-seat. It is a matter for wonder that 


Fig. 6-—The inglenook is the feature of this living-room 


Fig. 7—A living-hall in a story-and-a-half bungalow 


Fig. 8—A harmonious dining-room and living-room of a mountain bungalow 


480 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


heavy shelf of wood supported by 
the simplest of wooden beams often 
forms the mantelpiece, and in some 
cases the facing about the fireplace 
is merely of rough plaster, colored 
to correspond with the tone of the 
walls. 

A beautiful and original effect is 
sometimes secured by imbedding the 
beams above the wainscoting and 
those that border the ceiling in the 
plaster so that their flat surface is 
flush with the plaster. (Figure 6.) 

The color-scheme in a living-room 
I know is as follows: Walls paneled 
in brown wood, the ceiling beamed, 
with rough plaster, the beams 
washed with pumpkin-yellow. An 
alcoved fireplace with seats in the 
inglenook has cushions of brown 
cotton velvet, relieved with pillows 


Fig. 9—French windows are the feature of this bungalow of raw silk in pumpkin-yellow. 


these pleasing accessories, 
which cost so little and add 
so much to the enjoyment of 
a home, were not used even 
then, but they evidently were 
not thought of and_ have 
come as an inspiration to the 
house-builder of to-day. 
Contrast the funny little 
mantelpiece of wood, painted 
to represent black marble, 
or the yet greater horror of 
black iron holding a tiny 
basket-grate for coals, with 
the wide, yet simple, fire- 
place in which _ gas-logs, 
wood, or coal, may be 
burned, in the up-to-date 
house. Here the grate-bas- 
ket is upheld by andirons, 
the broad chimney-breast 1s 
faced with bricks or tiles 
whose soft color warms the 
room. To-day a_ plain, 


The rugs on the polished floor 
hold rich, soft colors, and the cur- 
tains in the beamed opening, which 
gives to the hall, are of yellow bro- 
cade. ‘These curtains, which form 
the keynote of the room’s furnish- 
ing, are not inexpensive, yet they 
cost far less than doors would have 
cost in this opening. The windows 
are set at the top with a latticed 
grille of brown bamboo about two 
feet wide; behind this lattice raw 
silk in pumpkin-yellow is fluted 
closely, while straight scarfs of the 
silk depend from the lattice to the 
sill and frame the window. 

A quiet influence is now at work, 
which shows in plain walls, in the 
dull finish of woodwork, in dark 
wainscots, and the plain strong lines 
of the wood-finish of the house. 


Fig. 1 1—A living-room in good taste 


December, 1909 


In Figure 5 we have rustic simplicity carried to its ex- 
tremest effect, and yet the result is good. The Colonial rag 
rugs are used on the floor, and the roof is not even ceiled in 
with wood. Hickory chairs are the only kind in evidence, and 
the one bit of strong color which breaks the wooden uni- 
formity is seen in the gay little curtains of flowered calico 
which are hung over the buffet. However, the rough-hewn 
book-shelves on the right of the picture evidently hold vol- 
umes that are beyond price, and this picture speaks for the 
argument I have been endeavoring to put forth, that the 
bungalow stands for the new movement towards a simple 
life which is not incompatible with refinement, beauty and 
culture. 

Figure 4 shows an alcove with three little Dutch windows 
and a wide brick fireplace. Under the basement-windows 
beside the fireplace, book-shelves are built in. 

Figure 7 is a bungalow-hall which contains a particularly 
good suggestion for a staircase and window. Here the en- 
tire space under the stairs is filled in by diamond-paned win- 
dows which lighten and brighten what would otherwise be 
a dark corner, and the latticed panel which forms the stair- 
rail is a charming design. 

It is an unfortunate fact that in many bungalows which 
are thoroughly good throughout until we reach the light- 
ing- arrangements, the electric fixtures are atrocious. One 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


481 


fairly shudders over the bad taste which is shown in them. 
Great heavy iron cables dangle over our heads and metal- 
bound lamp shades, so large as to be out of all proportion to 
the architecture of the room, depend from them. This is 
an obsession and will pass, but it is to be deplored while it 
lasts. 

The matter of appropriate fixtures for electric lights is 
an unsettled one as yet, as far as the bungalow and the 
modern nondescript house is concerned. The Colonial, the 
French and the medieval English houses have each settled 
it most satisfactory for themselves. The recognition that a 
fixture may be beautiful and yet unobtrusive will go far 
toward settling it for the bungalow. The taste for a purely 
rustic finish which has taken hold of the bungalow builders 
in many instances is strongly shown in illustrations Nos. 
8 and 11. In these two houses is shown that wonderful union 
of the crudest materials with rugs, draperies and furniture 
that are valuable because of their superior workmanship 
and finish. Especially is this so in No. 8. There the finest 
china and silverware are made to show up charmingly 
against a background of rough-hewn wood, rich Oriental 
rugs lie on an unstained floor and expensive chairs of carved 
wood and leather are used with good effect in this rustic 
dining-room. The electric-light fixture here is a particularly 
artistic one. 


Nialine Sell 


By E. P. Powell 


Se? X TENSIVE farmers have methods for ren- 
: dering their soil fertile by plowing under 
clovers, vetches, etc. [hese same farmers 
do not know that they are also creating 
soil. The most important part of what 
they are doing is not adding a fertilizer, 
but increasing the quantity of soil which 
Alfalfa or clover that is plowed makes a mass 


they own. 
of humus, and this slowly undergoes chemical change and 
physical change until it is added to the bulk of the soil. 
Now, what we need in our country homes most of all is a 


knowledge of how to make soil. A large majority of our 
little homesteads are not over-rich in what land they do 
have, and the land itself is limited—probably not more than 
half an acre for fruit and vegetables. The owner ought to 
know how to make this exceedingly productive, and instead 
of decreasing it he ought to add to it and to its fertility 
every year. This can be done almost anywhere, and done 
with ease. 

One of the simplest possible ways for increasing garden 
soil is the planting of legumes. Beans may be planted over 
and over in the same spot and will add to the nitrogen, 
needing only a little potash and a trifle of phosphate. But 
if corn is planted repeatedly in a corner of the garden it 
exhausts corn-food, and you will, in the course of three or 
four years, get stalks one-half size only, and ears accord- 
ingly. Now, the proper thing to do just as soon as you buy 
a place is to begin to accumulate soil-stuff. Put this all into 
piles, and you will be surprised to find how rapidly the piles 
grow. On clay-soils you can get hardly anything better than 
coal-ashes, and this is generally thrown away by the ton. 
I advise you to get it as largely as possible. You may mix 
with it all of the barnyard manure that you have, add 
autumn leaves in great quantities, weeds and waste, roads 
scraping and ditch accumulations, old lime, in fact, accumu- 
late almost anything that will decompose in the course of 
twelve months. In some cases it is well to add lime, but this 


is not certainly needed. If you can run your autumn leaves 
through the stables as bedding, it will get a richness of great 
importance. It will need about six-months’ composting of 
this sort of material to prepare it for forking or plowing 
under. Remember that we are not now after a fertilizer or 
manure so much as we are after more soil. 

In Florida we fill trenches or deep furrows with this sort 
of material, then throw over with the plow a covering of 
dirt, making a slight ridge. In this ridge we thrust the cut- 
tings of sweet-potato vines and the results are very far ahead 
of anything that can be secured from high-grade fertilizers. 
Even pine-needles are useful, because they help to hold the 
moisture and in that way feed the growing vegetables. If 
you have a very small place, all the more reason for saving 
material. You can make it immensely rich and productive 
inside of four or five years. Ona five-acre lot you can easily 
be accumulating, annually, two or three compost piles. 
You wll be astonished at the material that generally goes to 
waste; part of this being destroyed by fermentation, as in 
an ordinary manure pile, and another part drying away or 
evaporating. If you will connect your kitchen sewerage 
by drain-tiles, with one of these piles, and save the slops, 
you will find that you are adding richness. It is much 
better to compost your privy waste, and this you can easily 
do, even if you have no bathroom, by carrying it through 
five or six-inch tile, that can be frequently flushed. You 
will find this a much more sanitary method than even 
the Waring system—a good system generally for getting 
rid of wealth, but it is not a good system for saving wealth. 
Beside this it frequently overchanges the soil and poisons it, 
killing trees as well as tainting the air. From your compost- 
pile there will be little or no exhalation, while the result 
can be plowed under as soon as it is spread upon the land. 

In other words, just as soon as your property comes into 
your possession, study it for this one thing, how to make 
the most soil, and at the same time enrich the soil that you 
have. ‘These two problems are really one, 


482 AMERICAN 


HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


Homes of American Artists 


‘Fleetwood, 


” the Residence of Robert V. V. Sewell, A. N. A., Oyster Bay, Long Island 


By Barr Ferree 


HE personal interest the owner and 
creator of a dwelling may take in his 
house assumes various forms. Sometimes 
it is exhibited in going to the most expen- 
sive architect—that is, the architect who 
makes a specialty of designing the most 
expensive houses; sometimes it is shown 

in liberal orders to the upholsterer; sometimes the land- 

scape gardener and the florist have the first call; sometimes 
it is in the purchase of works of art for the adornment of the 
interior; sometimes it is in the maintenance of costly stables 
and other outdoor luxuries that call for the expenditure ot 

a prodigious sum of money and which require great areas 

for their successful cultivation and enjoyment. 

It is seldom, indeed, that an owner of a house will take 
sufficient pride in it to himself largely contribute to its 
decorative parts through his personal labor. This may, 
it is true, be expected of the architect, who will, when he 
builds, design his own dwelling; in a lesser extent, and in a 
very different way, it may be expected of the painter, who 
may confidently be looked to in the providing of painted 
decorations for the interior, and who will give to the inside 
of his house that personal touch and regard for beauty 
that cannot be ex- 
pected in dwellings 
furnished by  con- 
tract, even if no ap- 
parent limitation in 
cost be set. But that 
a painter should, for 
the greater beauty of 
his house, transform 
himself into a sculp- 
tor, fit it and adorn 
it with carvings and 
sculptures executed 
by his own hand, 1s 
so rare and unusual 
as to be practically, 
i mot sarc tuna lolly, « 
unique. And that is 
precisely what Mr. 
Robert V. V. Sewell 


as =) 
aN 


has done in_ his 
charming place 
“Fleetwood” at Oys- 
ip eh 1G Oia te 
Island. 


The house stands 
serenely back some 
little distance from 
the street, but not so 
far as to present a 
sense of aloofness or 
a desire for privacy; 
on the contrary, it is 
cordially placed a 
little beyond a hedge 
of 7 juniper, hospitably 
broken in the center 
by an arch of the 


Quiet walls above the peaceful garden 


same tree. A pleasant stretch of lawn lies behind the hedge, 
with, to the right and left, great cylinders of arbor-vitae, an- 
cient fragments now being lovingly tended into newer shape 
and growth. 

Then the house, presenting what is apparently an end to 
the street, since the gables face the flanks on either side. Yet 
this is the entrance front, as is disclosed by the porch in 
the center, beneath which is the main doorway. The first 
story is built of Harvard brick; the upper is in half timber, 
the panels showing the soft gray of the cement, and the 
wood of oak, dark stained. ‘The roof is of slate, and is 
of much importance, since slates of various colors were 
chosen, then mixed promiscuously and applied as they came 
to hand. The result is wonderfully soft and beautiful, with 
a blending of delicate colors that is immensely attractive. 
To the right, as the house is approached, is the studio, a 
graceful addition not seen in the photograph which was 
taken before it was begun. It has but one story and pre- 
sents its gable end to the street. 

The architect’s part in the designing of this house was 
precisely that which any architect would take in work of 
this description. The plan, the construction, the outward 
form, even the character of the building is his, and entirely 


his. But Mr. Dun- 
ham Wheeler, who 
was the architect 


here, had the signal 
advantage of the 
ornamental co-opera- 
tion of the owner; 
for the great artistic 
interest of the house 
is in the carvings of 
wood, not only de- 
signed by Mr. Sew- 
ell, but personally ex- 
ecuted by him. 

It is these carvings 
that give the real dis- 
tinction to the house, 
embellish it and deco- 
rate it, “and Jaivesss 
rank among notable 
dwellings in America. 
Mr. Sewell would, 
doubtless, be himself 
the first to disclaim 
any artistic preemi- 
nence for these cary- 
ings, but he would 
not, I fancy, deny 
thei complete 
uniqueness in mod- 
ern building. For it 
is especially to be 
noted that he has not 
simply applied his 
decorative adjuncts to 
his house, hung them 
on, as it were, so they 
would be taken off 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


he 
BEE 


E 


The terrace and garden 


484 


and the fabric left complete; but he has made them an inte- 
gral part of the structure, so that the house would be as in- 
complete without the carvings as the carvings would be 
meaningless and homeless without the house. 

We have here, in short, a fine case of an artist putting 
into practical form his own favorite ideas and theories. Few 
periods of art have had stronger attraction to Mr. Sewell 
than the closing centuries of the medieval period, the fifteenth 
and sixteenth centuries. When he came to build his house 
at Oyster Bay he not only resolved to apply these theories 
practically, but to give them real and definite form. His 
basic idea was a medieval house; that is to say, a house de- 
signed on medieval models and yet adapted to modern use. 
The general architecture and design of the house is thus 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


handiwork; but he has carved these pieces of wood much 
as the medieval craftsman might have carved them, and 
added them in the fine old spirit of structural decorations, 
meritorious in themselves it is true, but conceived and car- 
ried out in the old decorative spirit. No craftsman in 
America has done finer work than this, nor applied his art 
in a more practical way. It is a monument alike to the 
artist’s own abilities and to the wisdom and beauty of his 
theories. 

The larger front of the house adjoins the entrance front 
on the left. Here, it is discovered that this quiet little 
dwelling, as it appears from the road, is a house of generous 
dimensions. There are two gable ends here, one at each 
end, with a pleasant stretch of wall between them. The 


The porch and hand-carved brackets of the entrance-front 


based on the modest country house of the close of the fif- 
teenth century. 

But mere forms and generalities would not suffice for this 
enthusiastic artist. His house must not only recall medieval 
architectural forms, but be embellished with decorations 
conceived and carried out in the true medieval spirit. Hence, 
these wood-carvings, these sculptured doors, these inter- 
laced barge boards at the gables, these strange weird 
brackets upholding the overhanging second story. Behold, 
then, a modern house, designed and decorated in the spirit 
of the medieval craftsman, a real example of craftwork in 
modern building that is as unique as it is beautiful! 

And the beauty of the whole thing is that here is a house 
occupied by the owner who has decorated it himself precisely 
as he wanted it decorated. He does not offer these carvings 
as sculptures—as carefully studied works possessed of the 
delicate value that may be looked for in the sculptor’s 


upper wall, in this connecting screen, is without the vertical 
uprights of the entrance front and main gable, and is a 
solid stretch in which are cut windows of various size, all 
quite close to the overhanging eaves, but each having its 
own natural place in the economy of the interior. Each 
end, with its gable, projects beyond the connecting wall, and 
the intervening space forms a terrace, giving upon the garden 
without, and provided with a door that opens into the 
dining-room. Like the entrance door, this terrace door is 
charmingly carved in a highly decorative manner, and is 
a worthy companion-piece to the larger door on the front. 
‘The garden beyond is intimately related to the house, for 
the terrace that overlooks it is scarce more than a step above 
the bounding walk. First comes a flower border of peren- 
nials, gaily flowering just outside the house. Here, growing 
up at intervals, are fine old junipers, rarest of trees to 
transplant in this region, yet boldly transplanted thither 


December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 435 


. 
£3, Be 


A glimpse of the house oo =. A ilk a. Se with its well designed garden 
by Mr. Sewell. Beyond is a Bee . soe see + es ie friendly hemlock tree, out- 
a formal space, pivot-bor- (seam mi eer mete ee geese §=§=6 bordered by junipers and 
dered, divided within into = ee ti ee ee eee eee = walnuts and evergreens on 
rectangles open to the center. ‘a tee Sse: me Px either side. Not far off is 
Quite in the middle is a small fe ae Bikey i OS ie the ripple of the stream from 
circle, with a great rounded , ce ee Gao y Seo Mheeeeeemee §=6the great pond that lies 
box-tree. A rose-bordered dee eit Re AT. ut above and behind the house. 


path goes out from this to a - RE | MEY Ss ee It is very beautiful here, and 


A true artist's home decorated by its owner 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The terrace door 


The main door 


+= ES 


Hyp ems 


ae + ‘ 
Vie Tez er etree: 


ae 
a narra a a 


—: 


iture 


intings and hand-carved furn 


th its pa 


, wi 


The hall 


December, 1909 


growing more beautiful every year. For the hedges and 
flowers are vigorously a-root, and each year brings a newer 
rich growth that enhances the loveliness of the whole. 

Mr. Sewell’s property is quite considerable in extent, 
comprising as many as sixty acres. But he has wisely 
chosen to centralize his cultivation in and about his house, 
and much of the land is, as it has always been, wild land. 
The pond which has been created by an ancient dam, is 
literally surrounded with forest growth, great trees rising 
up from its very margins. And beyond are trees and woods, 
with rough old paths and roads running through them 
in the haphazard but still adequate way that old roads have 
always wandered 
through the quiet 
stretches of the 
land. It is ample, 
surely, for this 
woodland _ shelters 
many an _artist’s 
bower and gentle 
retreat that no cul- 
tivated grace could 
add to or make 
more ravishing than 
Nature herself has 
done. 

We sat under the 
hemlock tree, Mr. 
Sewell and I, and he 
told me of some of 
the ideas he had en- 
deavored to _ illus- 
trate in his house. 
‘“The basic idea,’’ he 
said, ‘“‘was to ex- 
press the taste of 
the fifteenth and 
sixteenth centuries, 
the period when the 
decorative arts were 
at their finest stage. 
Small workmanship 
and realism had de- 
stroyed the true 
spirit of these arts, 
which was to em- 
bellish the structure 
rather than to dis- 
play technical 
craftsmanship 
Having decided on 
the sixteenth century 
as a period, I nat- 
urally wanted to 
carry out the idea 
consistently so far as decorative handicraft went. ‘Thus, 
the carved woodwork is not intended to show proficiency 
in technical detail, for it does nothing of the kind, but to 
show how the medieval carvers applied ornament to archi- 
tectural structure, that is, carving at once appropriate and 
well-applied to the building. 

“The garden,” he continued—and we were just without 
it—‘‘shows the medieval formality and intimacy in relation 
to the home. ‘There is no Americo-Italian formalism here, 
but just that quiet and calm which seems to be inherent to 
the medieval garden. But inside,” he added, as an after- 
thought, “‘there is no medievalism above the first story. On 
the main floor we have a large hall, such as any medieval 
house would have, and our dining-room is a separate and 
distinct apartment; but in the bedrooms and arrangements 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Cabinet designed and carved by R. V. V. Sewell 


487 


of the second story we are entirely modern, at least, as 
modern as we can be.” 

One enters the great hall directly from the main door- 
way. here is no intervening vestibule, for none appears 
to be needed. So we went into a great room that seemed 
to occupy the whole house, as indeed it does on the street 
side. It is lighted from the front with spacious windows 
of leaded glass, each frame having in the upper part a 
square of glass decorated in colors. ‘The wall at the left 
end is closed; at the right is an opening to a passage that 
leads directly into the new studio, which is furnished with 
an open timber roof whose beams are upheld on corbels, 
heads modeled by 
Mr. Sewell and cast 
in cement. Directly 
in face, in the hall, 
is a magnificently 
carved chimney- 
piece, designed and 
carved by Mr. 
Sewell, a sumptuous 
piece of work. On 
either side are arch- 
ways; to the left 
opening into the 
dining-room, to the 
right, closed doors 
to a coat closet, 
with the stairs be- 
yond. The walls are 
coated with cement, 
left in its natural 
beautiful gray, and 
the ceiling is beamed 
with wood-lining be- 
tween the closely set 
joists. 

Simply as an ar- 
chitectural arrange- 


ment this room 
would excite inter- 
est, so fine are its 


proportions, so good 
its color, so appro- 
priate the bare 
structure of the ceil- 
ing. But it has been 
greatly enriched 
with art works by 
Mr. Sewell and his 
accomplished wife. 
Around the upper 
walls are many of 
the original colored 
sketches of the 
great decorative frieze of the “Canterbury Pilgrims,” 
painted by Mr. Sewell for Mr. George J. Gould’s “Georgian 
Court” at Lakewood. These sketches are, of course, much 
smaller in size than the final painting, but are highly dec- 
orative and are here admirably utilized. Just below them, 
on the end wall, hang two portraits painted by Mrs. Sewell, 
and between them is a great cabinet carved by Mr. Sewell. 
Most of the furniture is his, also, including many handsome 
chairs, the great table in the center and other pieces. Other 
of his decorative paintings are used for the wall decorations, 
so that the general eftect of the room is one of splendid 
color and richness. There are few finer rooms than this 
anywhere. There is no overdone furnishing, as often hap- 
pens in costly homes. ‘There is none of the mixture of the 
studio as might be looked for in an artist’s home. 


488 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


Colonial Fireplaces and Fire-Irons 


By Mary H. Northend 


With Photographs by the Author 


<3 ARE and unattractive as were many of the 


ES 


(ASG rough homes constructed by the early 
se settlers in this country, nevertheless, they 
possessed, almost without exception, one 
feature of comfort and cheeriness which 
is sadly lacking in modern homes. ‘This 
characteristic feature was the enormous 
open fireplace with its huge logs and high-backed wooden 
settles around which the family life of the sturdy pioneers 
centered. 

In those primitive days, when coal and stoves were alike 
unknown, the open fire was relied on not only to heat the 
house, but to cook the food as well. The fireplace was gen- 
erally located in the main apartment, which served as 
kitchen, dining-room and parlor combined, and sometimes 
also as a sleeping-room. Through lack of other material, 
or of sufficient means to purchase it, they were often built 
of roughly hewn rock or field-stones found not far from 
the cabin. These stones were piled up wall-fashion and 
chinked with mud and clay in place of mortar. 

In size, some of these old Colonial fireplaces were veri- 


table caverns, for it required a tremendous fire during the 
cold, stormy winter months to warm one of those roughly 
built houses with the chill wind penetrating between the 
logs and around the ill-fitting doors and windows. ‘Then, 
too, there must be room for the big kettles and pots, in 
which the cooking was done, to hang from the stout stick 
of green wood or the iron crane that was arranged for that 
purpose. 

Such open fires as warmed those hearths would be ex- 
travagant luxuries in these days of high-priced fuel, but at 
that time there was an abundance of wood to be had for 
the chopping. Huge back-logs, sometimes measuring ten 
feet in length and two in diameter, occupied the back of the 
fireplace, serving to throw the warmth out into the room and 
at the same time to prevent the stonework from becoming 
too hot. A smaller log, known as the fore-stick, was placed 
at the front, raised a few inches from the hearth by fire- 
dogs. Smaller sticks were then piled in between and the 
kindlings of dry pine and shavings were lighted by means 
of flint, steel and tinderbox, or coals brought from a neigh- 
bor’s hearth. Once kindled, the fire was rarely allowed to 


Colonial fireplace in the house of Ross S, Turner, at Wilton, New Hampshire 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Antique fire-dogs found in Salem, Massachusett 


go out, but was continually supplied with logs or kept alive 
by glowing coals of peat buried in the ashes. 


The quaint old fire-dogs, which supported the wood, 


leaving space for the draught underneath, were so called 
because of the grotesque animals’ heads which ornamented 
them. The word “andirons,” applied to supports of differ- 


5 


ef 
Bi 
by 
B 
&. 
y 
4 
i 


ee 


= 


+R 
: e& 


An old-time fireplace at Ipswich, Massachusetts 


490 AMERICAN 
ent designs, is really a corrupted 
form of the term “hand-irons,”’ 
although the name ‘“‘end-irons’’ is 
also found in some early inventories. 
In addition to the large andirons for 
the heavy logs, smaller ones called 
‘creepers’? were often used to sup- 
port the short sticks. 

As time went on and the colo- 
nists found themselves growing 
more well-to-do they began to build 
more substantial homes. ‘The num- 
ber of rooms was gradually in- 
creased, and when the kitchen came 
to be no longer utilized as the prin- 
cipal room in the house, the number 
of fireplaces grew larger also. But 
the fireplaces themselves began to 
decrease in size. There was no 
longer any need of such huge fires 
to keep comfortable, for in the new 
houses there was little chance for 
the biting wind to enter. Then, 
too, wood was not so plentiful as 
it had been at first and the enormous 
back-logs were not so readily avail- 
able as in the earlier days. 

So it happened that by the mid- 
dle of the eighteenth century the 
great, yawning fireplaces had given 
way to those of more moderate 
proportions. Some of the early ones were still in use, it 
is true, but the majority of these had been partially filled 
in with brick and mortar in order to conform with the de- 
mands of economy and the prevailing fashion. 

About this time the brick oven was introduced in connec- 
tion with the kitchen fireplaces. “These ovens were roomy 
affairs generally situated at one side of the fireplace. Early 
in the morning of baking-day a brisk fire of wood was kin- 


veal 


a 
ern 


HOMES 


Fire-dogs in the fireplace of Saltonstall House 
at Haverhill, Massachusetts 


AND GARDENS December, 1909 
dled in the oven and was allowed 
to burn until the bricks were thor- 
oughly heated, usually about two 
hours. The coals were then taken 
out and the Saturday array of 
brown-bread, beans, Indian pudding 
and pies were transferred to the 
oven and left to be baked by the 
slow, even heat. The delicious 
flavor imparted by this process 
lingers tantalizingly in the memory 
of those who have eaten food 
cooked in this way, for as yet 
nothing has been found that can 
compare along this line with the 
old-fashioned brick oven of our 
grandmother’s day. 

Another bit of kitchen furnishing 
that dates back to the time of the 
open fireplace is the tin kitchen. 
With its shelves laden with pies and 
bread this odd little tin cupboard 
was drawn up in front of the blaz- 
ing fire and allowed to remain there 
until the food was _ thoroughly 
cooked by the heat thrown out by 
the fire and reflected by the convex 
tin hood. Cooking was also done 
in kettles suspended over the blaze 
from the stout iron crane by means 
of pot-hooks or trammels. The 
long-handled frying-pan, the baking-pan supplied with legs 
so that it might be set directly among the embers, and the 
roasting-spit were also included among the culinary utensils 
which every well-to-do housewife of the fireplace era 
possessed. 

With the advent of the smaller fireplaces came the dec- 
orative mantel and the more elaborate fittings. Indeed, so 
important a feature did the ornamental chimney-piece be- 


Fireplace in Saltonstall House, at Haverhill, Massachusetts 


Fireplace in an old Salem house 


December, 1909 


come that Isaac Ware said of it in the year 1750: ‘‘With us 
no article in a well-furnished room is so essential. The eye 
is immediately cast upon it in entering, and the place of 
sitting down is naturally near it. By this means it becomes 
the most eminent thing in the furnishing of an apartment.”’ 

Many of these mantelpieces were of wood beautifully 
carved in elaborate designs. Others were somewhat more 
simply ornamented and were surmounted by fine paintings 
or beautiful old-fashioned mantel mirrors. In the homes of 
some illustrious old families the coat-of-arms appeared in 
the carving above the mantel-shelf and the same device was 
sometimes carried out in the decoration of the iron firebacks 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


491 


Fenders of brass or iron were generally used with these 
grates, a small one placed close to the fire preventing the 
ashes from scattering over the hearth, while a larger one 
surrounded the entire fireplace. Although hob-grates are 
to be found in some old-time Northern mansions, there 
were much more popular and widely used in the South. 

It was the stove invented by Benjamin Franklin in the 
year 1745 that superseded the open fireplace in the homes 
of the North to a great extent. These stoves were usually 
constructed of iron with trimmings of polished brass in 
the form of rosettes, railings and knobs of various sizes 
and shapes. In appearance the Franklin stove was some- 


The charm of this seventeenth century fireplace is its great breadth and the antique ornaments which surround it 


in use at that time. Another design which was occasionally 
employed in ornamenting these firebacks consisted of a 
medallion bearing the owner’s monogram and surmounted 
by the family crest. Floral patterns, too, were popular and 
adorned the back of many an eighteenth-century fireplace. 

About the middle of that century a number of innovations 
along the line of fireplaces made their appearance. Among 
these one of the earliest was the quaint little hob-grate, 
which was invented about 1750. ‘These grates were often 
fitted into open fireplaces which had been partially bricked 
up. The grates themselves consisted of iron bars, designed 
for burning coal rather than wood, and these bars were at 
first spoken of as “cat-stones’’ in contradistinction to the 
name “‘fire-dogs’’ which was applied to andirons for holding 
wood. 


what similar to the small open fireplace, with andirons for 
burning wood. As heat producers, however, they were 
a decided improvement on many of the poorly constructed 
fireplaces which had been in use previous to their introduc- 
tion. Many of these had smoked abominably and much 
of the heat had gone up the chimney instead of contributing 
to the warmth of the rooms. In this respect the new stove 
was far better, for it proved much more economical, as 
there was little waste of heat through the pipe connecting 
it with the chimney. 

Still another form of heating apparatus came into vogue 
somewhat later in the eighteenth century. This was the 
fire-frame which appeared about thirty years after the in- 
vention of the Franklin stove. It was something of a com- 
promise between the open fireplace and the stove, for it 


492 


possessed certain characteristics of each. The frame, which 
was arranged to be used in a fireplace that had been either 
filled in with brick or finished with a fire-board, was very 
similar in appearance to the upper part of the Franklin 
stove, but differed from it in that it rested directly upon the 
fireplace-hearth instead of being raised from the floor on 
legs and having a hearth of its own. Wood was the fuel 
burned in these fire-frames, and the open fireplace effect was 
still further enhanced by the andirons and crane which were 
often to be found as accessories. Even after stoves came 
into general use fire-frames did not disappear entirely, but 
were sometimes left in place while a stove was set up in front 
of them with its funnel passing through the frame into the 
chimney. 

Dating as far back as the earliest fireplaces are found 
fire-sets, as they were sometimes called, comprising the 
hearth accessories necessary for an open fire. The oldest 
of these sets, which were in use long before coal was burned 
as fuel, consisted usually of a pair of andirons, a long- 
handled fire shovel and a pair of tongs. In some cases 
more than one set of andirons was included, for in the 
great cavernous fireplaces of the colonists’ log-cabins the 
high supports used for the heavy fore-stick and logs were 
not suitable for the smaller wood and creepers had to be set 
between the large andirons to hold the short sticks in place. 
Bellows were often found beside the fireplace in those times, 
but the poker was rarely if ever included in fire-sets pre- 
vious to the introduction of coal as a fuel. 

In material and design these fire-sets, particularly the 
andirons, differed widely. Iron, steel, copper and brass 
were the metals most commonly used for their construction, 
although in other countries even silver was occasionally 
made into fire-irons. As for design, they ranged from the 
very simplest and most unpretentious styles up through the 
quaint dogs’ heads to the grotesque figures and elaborately 
wrought pieces to be found among good collections of 
antique hearth accessories. 

Andirons for kitchen use were, as a rule, very plain and 
substantial. Sometimes they were merely straight pieces 
supported by short legs and having uprights of either plain 
or twisted metal, topped by small knobs of some sort. They 
were probably most commonly made of iron, and not a few 
were rudely hammered and shaped on the pioneer black- 
smith’s anvil. It is consequently little to be wondered at 
that many of the andirons once used in Colonial kitchens 
give one the impression of having been designed for strength 
and utility rather than for ornamental purposes. 

The better class of andirons in use during the seventeenth 
and early part of the eighteenth centuries were, for the 
most part, of graceful, but, at the same time, simple and 
dignified designs. ‘The finest ones were of brass, which was 
kept brightly polished by the energetic Colonial housekeeper. 
Short knobs or uprights were often placed a few inches 
back of the main uprights and served the double purpose 
of holding the fore-stick in place and of protecting the 
shining brass. Occasionally, andirons were made in rights 


and lefts, with the shanks curving out from the short knobs 
where they joined the straight horizontal supports. 
Among other popular andiron designs of this period were 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


the twisted flame, the urn topped, the queer iron and brass 
dogs with claw feet, the Colonial baluster and the steeple- 
topped. Of these, the steeple-topped andirons were, per- 
haps, the rarest, while the Colonial baluster pattern with 
ball tops was, without doubt, the most popular and com- 
monly used. 

A good example of the style of andirons which came 
into favor during the latter half of the eighteenth century 
is found in the “Hessian” design. They take their name 
from the fact that the upright of each iron is cast in the 
form of a Hessian soldier posed as if in the act of march- 
ing. Since this particular pattern first made its appear- 
ance immediately after the close of the American Revo- 
lution, it is not difficult to comprehend its significance, for 
it is a well-known fact that the patriotic colonists heartily 
hated the hired allies who had fought against them in the 
employ of King George of England. This humbling of the 
Hessian to service among the flames and ashes, although 
only in efigy, seemed to afford the Americans a great deal 
of satisfaction, if the great popularity of these andirons 
stood for anything. 

The building of open fireplaces, and, as a natural result, 
the demand for andirons and other accessories, grew con- 
stantly less, however, as the nineteenth century offered im- 
provements in the form of coal and ugly, unsociable stoves. 
In time, the furnace was invented, and still more recently, 
the modern adaptation of gas and electricity. 

With so great a number of superior methods at the pub- 
lic’s demand it looked as if the old-fashioned open fire- 
place were doomed to everlasting oblivion, until some pro- 
gressive person effected a compromise between the modern 
and ancient styles by inventing gas-logs to burn in a small, 
new-fashioned fireplace. This was the beginning of the 
fireplace’s reincarnation. 

Gradually other fireplaces came into existence, and in 
the course of a few years many homes were to be found 
which boasted of neat little open fireplaces with hearths 
and facings of delicately colored tiles, ornate firebacks and 
fittings and elaborately decorated mantels. ‘These fireplaces 
were arranged sometimes for burning wood and sometimes 
for coal, but it happened more frequently that they were 
considered too fine for use and so were never desecrated by 
ashes or cinders. 

Now, however, the tide of fashion has turned in favor 
of a fireplace built on good old-fashioned lines, a fireplace 
that is cheery and homelike and whose greatest charm lies 
in its fire of blazing logs. As for the materials of which 
they are built, some of the most attractive are of cement 
with designs or mottoes laid in mosaics, of substantial red 
brick, and of rough field-stone. Tiles, too, are still em- 
ployed for this purpose, but they are no longer of a variety 
too dainty to be used, for the modern fireplace, like the 
ancient, is designed for practical use and not merely as an 
ornament. Best of all, the constantly increasing number 
of these commonsense fireplaces, constructed in the generous 
proportions of their early predecessors, seems to indicate 
plainly that the day of the open fire has again come, and 
that it has come, let us hope, to stay. We may be assured, if 
it does, of better health and comfort. 


December, 1909 


oer RESPONDENCE 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


The Editor of American Homes and Gardens desires to extend an invitation to all its readers to send to the Correspondence Department inquiries on any matter 
pertaining to the decorating and fumishing of the home and to the developing of the home grounds. 


All letters accompanied by retum postage will be answered promptly by mail. 


Problems in Home Furnishing 
By Alice M. Kellogg 


Author of ‘‘Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic ”” 


COVERING CUSHIONS FOR A WINDOW-SEAT 
A BROOKLYN subscriber, J. H. G., in 


repapering her dining-room, finds that 
the old covering for the cushions of the 
_ window-seat do not look well. “My cushions 
have had a cover of tapestry that looked right 
with the old paper; but now, with a fresh 
paper on the walls, and the woodwork re- 
painted white, the cushions look faded and 
soiled. ‘The rug is mixed tans, mahogany and 
green, and the wall-paper is now a figured one 
with green and brown predominant. Are 
there any new materials for this special use?” 

Corduroy or velour is the best covering for 
a seat that has much wear, and these materials 
come in different styles from the plain kind 
that has been so long in vogue. The corduroy 
may now be had in wide and narrow lines, 
and instead of the twenty-seven-inch width, 
it comes fifty inches wide. The velour has 
always been made in a great variety of colors, 
but it can be had now in stripes and also 
woven with a fine gold line. There are also 
shaded velours in which two contrasting colors 
are blended. 

If the velvet surface of these goods is too 
fine for the room described by this correspond- 
ent, there are homespuns in a great many 
different shades, heavy linens, taffetas, jutes 
and mercerized cottons, all in plain colors. 
These will look better than a pattern with 
the tapestry paper and figured rug. 


BEDSPREAD FOR A CALIFORNIA HOME 


“Will you kindly advise me as soon as pos- 
sible what kind of a spread to use on my 
maple Napoleon bed? ‘The room is papered 
in pale blue. I have white muslin curtains at 
the windows, with pale blue crépe curtains 
over them. Should the counterpane hang over 
the siderail? Or, should it be tucked in? 
Should I have a valance? Also, is a bolster 
better than a pillow? Please suggest the 
right material for my room, and oblige an 
interested reader in the Far West.”— 
F. W. W. 

A bedstead of the Napoleon, or sleigh, de- 
sign looks best with the counterpane tucked 
down the sides and no valance. ‘The color 
of the carpet or rug is not given, and this 
would enter into the scheme of the room. 
A blue and white room is improved by the 
addition of some color, green or pink, and 
this may be introduced in a cretonne spread, 
with a small spread to cover the pillow as 
it is laid flat at the head of the bed. A 
bolster is not used as much as it was some 
years ago. 


WRITING-DESK FOR A SMALL SPACE 


A reader who is furnishing her reception- 
room (Mrs. D. C. F., of Indiana), inquires 
if it would be in good taste to place a writing- 
desk or writing-table in the room? “I have 
never seen a piece of furniture of this kind 
in a reception-room, but writing equipment is 
often needed separate from the regular desks 
of the family. My parlor, or reception-room, 
is not at all of the formal kind; in fact, it is 
so small that an ordinary-sized writing-desk 
would not be possible to install. Is there any- 
thing that would answer my purpose that 
would not be the conventional thing?” 

A writing-table, compact in shape and well- 
designed, would be an attractive part of the 
furnishings of this room. One of the popular 
half-moon card-tables could be adapted for 
writing by removing the lid that stands against 
the wall and fastening a rail at the back, with 
pockets for holding note paper and envelopes. 
A desk set of antique brocade would increase 
the interest of a table of this kind. 


WOOD FINISH FOR A NEW HOME 


A reader who has found many general helps 
in this department now asks for something 
more specific to meet the needs that have arisen 
in building a new house. ‘Our dining-room is 
trimmed in chestnut, but the stain has not 
been decided upon yet. ‘There is a rough 
brick mantel and our furniture is of medium 
dark oak. ‘The side wall is to be paneled five 
feet six inches high, with a plate-rail above. 
What material is best to use in the space above 
plate-rail? Is it correct to hang pictures in 
this space? For our living-room we have ma- 
hogany furniture and some well-made green 
velour portiéres. What color of woodwork 
is the best for this room? Also, suggest the 
color to stain the woodwork in the hall. Up- 
stairs we have decided upon white paint with 
mahogany doors.” —H. W. 

The chestnut trim in the dining-room may 
be stained to match the furniture, if the color 
is a good one, that is, a color worth repeating 
in larger quantities. The space above the 
plate-rail looks best with pieces of copper, 
brass and pottery standing on the shelf. If 
carefully selected these pieces may be a very 
interesting part of the decorations of this 
room. ‘The wall space, as it is to be a back- 
ground, should be in a plain or two-toned 
covering, crash, buckram, or one of the new 
fiber hangings. ‘There are also some attractive 
materials that can be sewed together and 
tacked to the wall instead of paper. As the 
living-room opens out of the main hall, the 
same finish may be given both places. White 
paint, as a rule, is the best background for ma- 
hogany furniture, but when the room is to be 
the main living-room a quieter scheme for 
constant use is often more desirable. One of 


Replies that are of general benefit will be published in this Department. 


the weathered gray stains may be used in the 
living-room and hall, as its neutral tone will 
allow the introduction of more colors than a 
brown. ‘The green door curtains and mahog- 
any furniture, especially if the latter is covered 
with greens and blues, will both look well 
with this wood finish. 


BATHROOM RUG 


“What kind of a rug shall I buy for my 
bathroom? ‘The pink-and-white and blue-and- 
white rugs seem to me too delicate for much 
service. Is there anything else?’—S. E. F., 
of Virginia. 

The cotton rugs that are made for bath- 
rooms in white with one color added are more 
easily soiled than the Wilton rugs that are 
copied from Oriental patterns. “There are 
also plain Wilton rugs with a band of darker 
color around the edges. A new rug is made 
of wool in the natural color, and this is advan- 
tageous as there is nothing to fade or discolor. 
The mohair rugs are used in the bathrooms 
of our large hotels. “These cost ten dollars for 
a size three by six feet. In some households an 
inlaid linoleum is fastened down over the floor 
and the heavy Turkish towels laid down for 
bathing, and no rug kept on the floor. Some- 
times a strip of velvet carpet, with the ends 
neatly finished, makes the most suitable rug 
for a bathroom floor. As the velvet carpet 
comes in different widths this plan is often 
the most practicable. 


ARRANGING THE FURNITURE 


One of the frequent problems at this season 
of moving from one house, or apartment, to 
another, is the arrangement of the furniture. 
Sometimes, in the new house, it seems as if 
none of the old furniture would fit. “I am 
quite disheartened,” writes Mrs. V. L.,” after 
moving all of my furniture in from a subur- 
ban house of ample spaces to a city flat, to 
find that my rooms look like a shop or mu- 
seum. Nothing seems to fit together, and, in 
trying to follow out the same arrangement 
that I have always had nothing looks right.” 

The new conditions naturally make the old 
arrangement out of place, and it would be 
better to begin at once to adapt the furniture 
to the place in which it is to be kept than to 
try to maintain the former plan. It is difficult 
to give up one’s furnishings, but this is some- 
times the wisest thing to do when spaces are 
too small to allow them to fit comfortably. 
If there is no storeroom where unnecessary ar- 
ticles may be kept, the auction-room may be re- 
membered, or some household where a gift of 
furniture would be welcomed. In placing the 


furniture in a new home the wall spaces will 
be a guide in distributing the larger pieces. 
After this the grouping of chairs and tables 
may be adjusted to the ways of the family. 


xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


Garden Notes 


Conducted by Charles Downing Lay 
WINTER PROTECTION 
Pisiienson plants from the winter’s 


cold is not so important as it might seem, 

for it is seldom the cold that kills them, 
but rather the alternation of heat and cold 
which we get on some of our winter days, 
when the thermometer may be near zero in 
the morning and in the sun, at noon, up to 35 
or 40. 

Rhododendrons and other broad-leaved ever- 
greens should be heavily banked with leaves 
(at least a foot deep, and eighteen inches is 
better), which keep the ground from drying 
out in the high winds. Rhododendron leaves, 
which are evergreen, are evaporating moisture 
all the time and they can not get get this 
moisture fast enough from deeply frozen 
ground. All evergreens and conifers, of 
course, suffer in the same way. A foot or so 
of leaves will usually keep the frost out, and 
many tender things can be safely wintered 
in the ground if they have such protection. 

Small and shallow-rooted plants need pro- 
tection in winter to keep them from heaving. 
Bulbs, too, are often thrown out of ground by 
freezing and thawing. 

A generous coating of strawy manure on 
the lawn is doubtless a help, even if it has no 
fertilizing qualities. 

The protecting material, whether it be 
leaves, or manure, or what not, should be left 
on until the middle or end of March, when it 
can be raked off and put on the compost heap. 
Let all the winter protection be on the ground 
and keep the horrid straw overcoats off. If 
plants must be shaded in winter, use evergreen 
boughs with their ends stuck in the ground so 
that they will stand upright. 

Strawberries need a good covering ot leaves, 
strawy manure or salt hay. This should be put 
en in December and not taken off until spring. 

Tulip beds should be covered with leaves— 
not manure. 

Leaves or manure five or six inches thick 
make a good winter covering for the flower 
garden. 

BULBS IN THE HOUSE 


Hyacinths, Chinese lilies and paper-white 
narcissus can be grown in glasses of water in 
the house. “The hyacinth glass, with its wide 
top, is well known and convenient, but any 
dish or glass which will hold the bulb so that 
its base just touches the water, will do. 

Vases filled with cocoa fiber kept constantly 
moist, on which the bulb is set, are just as 
good as the special glass. “Tulips and narcissi 
could be grown in this way quite effectively. 
After being planted the bulbs should stay in 
a cool, dark closet or cellar, for two or three 
weeks until the root growth is vigorous. After 
that they can be brought to the light and will 
soon flower. 

TREES IN BOXES 


‘Trees in boxes for outdoor decoration in 
winter are much used in cities and are always 
dificult to handle. ‘They are sure to die be- 
cause there is no way to water the frozen soil 
in the pot or box, and without watering they 
soon dry up and turn brown. 

Box trees seem to go the quickest and are 
a melancholy sight after a few weeks. They 
should never be attempted for window-boxes 
or for tubs at the front door. 

The common red cedars are probably the 
best thing to use. They will die, too, but not 
so quickly as the box, and they are not so 
ugly when dead. ‘They are inexpensive and 
can be replaced as many times as one likes. 
It would be easy to have a stock of them 


planted in the backyard (if one has a back- 
yard), where they can be drawn upon as may 
be necessary through the winter. 

Other trees which can be used are the re- 
tinosporas, arbor-vites and hemlocks. Ivy 
is always good for winter decoration if there 
is any reasonable way to train it up, and it is 
as hardy as most things. 


CHRISTMAS TREES 


It is lots more fun if one lives in the 
country to have the Christmas tree growing 
on the place where the children can see it and 
dream through the summer of its splendor 
when Christmas comes. A little tree really 
does as well as a large one, and if it could be 
planted and growing in a pot, it would be all 
the more delightful. 

The typical Christmas tree is the balsam, 
but a white spruce is a good substitute. 


THE BEAUTY OF VINES IN WINTER 


The artistic aspect of vines in winter de- 
serves some consideration, because every place 
should look well even during the six months 
when deciduous plants have no green leaves. 
The bare wistaria casting its shadows on a 
marble house may have as much_ beauty, 
though of a different sort, as the same vine in 
full bloom. We are not outdoors to enjoy 
such a picture so much in winter, but is it 
not important when seen from the windows of 
the house? 

The winter season leads us to the enjoyment 
of the more minute and less luxuriant beauties 
of nature, and the leafless branches are the 
greatest of these beauties. 

The Boston ivy, when young, makes a deli- 
cate lace-like tracery on the building to which 
it clings. It is uninteresting in color and when 
old it has lost all its delicacy and charm. 

The strong twining stems of the trumpet 
vine are like the grape in character, but lack 
the deep red color of the grape branches, being 
instead a sort of pale straw color. The grape 
buds, too, are large and handsome, whereas 
those of the trumpet vine are inconspicuous. 

The clematis is in winter (except the very 
oldest stalks) a disorderly mass of color with 
no charming detail, unless it be studied very 
closely. The feathery white seeds, however, 
are lovely and last well into the winter. 

The honeysuckle, too, is a messy tangle, but 
little helped by its dark berries. 

The orange and yellow fruits of the celas- 
trus are the handsomest of all the winter ber- 
ries, and the vine itself in its convolutions and 
picturesque turnings and twistings is unsur- 
passed. 

The akebia resembles the celastrus in 
character of stem, but it is more delicate, 
though no less intricate. 

The wistaria has many beauties and great 
picturesqueness, particularly when it is old 
and its strong rope-like stems have bent and 
broken the iron fence, perhaps, which its deli- 
cate branches used years ago as a support. 

But the handsomest of all vines, though it 
does not grow on houses, is the common bull 
briar. Its green branches and yellow-tipped 
thorns, its wiry growth and twisting tendrils, 
its beauty in the distance when it seems like a 
delicate green silk scarf thrown over some tree, 
make it the vine of vines for winter beauty. 


WINDBREAKS 


There are few places so fortunately situated 
or so well planted that they do not need some 
thick planting as a protection from the winter 
winds. It may be only a strip of shrubs, 
fifteen to twenty feet wide, growing eight to 
twelve feet high, or it may be wide plantations 
of pines, hemlocks and spruces along the north- 
ern boundary of the place. But, whatever it 
is, it will, if properly arranged, moderate the 
vigor of a northwe$t wind and make life out 
of doors in winter much more comfortable. 

A border of shrubs at the north of the 


. polish. 


flower-garden is not only good as a windbreak, 
but it also makes the snow drift heavily in its 
lee, and snow is the best protection for ordi- 
nary plants that there is. 

On a large place it might be well to plant 
successive windbreaks running east and west, 
some high and some low, taking advantage of 
the lay of the land and planting the high 
places. 

A mixture of pines and oaks and birches is 
the most beautiful windbreak, but probably 
hemlocks alone are the most efficient. When 
starting the plantation, plant the evergreens 
fifteen feet apart and plant between as 
“nurses” many small trees like ‘Tartarian 
maple, striped maple,and mountain maple, dog- 
wood and gray birches. With these, too, could 
be planted such large shrubs as the buckthorn, 
privet, sumac, nine bark, viburnums, etc. Each 
shrub will then be four or five feet from its 
neighbors, whether tree or shrub. ‘These de- 
ciduous things protect evergreens without in- 
terfering with their growth; after six or eight 
years they may be cut out if they have not by 
that time been killed by the shade. 


FERN GLOBES 


The small glass globes filled with moss and 
partridge vine, which are so common in the 
florists’ shops now, are cheerful things to 
have in the house in winter. ‘They are bright 
and pleasant to look at, though they do seem 
quite lifeless—almost like wax. ‘They re- 
quire little care and no sunlight. 

A fish globe of any size may be used, and 
it can be inverted over a glass dish or a round 
glass cover can be made to go on top. It must 
be covered in order to keep the air constantly 
moist inside. 

The globes can be loosely filled with part- 
ridge vine stuck in a little damp moss; or with 
ferns and short pieces of black alder with the 
berries on; or with wintergreen and ground 
pine. “I'wisting sprigs of bittersweet with the 
berries on and with small sprays of box would 
be very effective. One might even dare to 
attempt an arrangement in which the berries 
of the sumac would be the striking feature. 
The idea of these globes is the same as that 
of the old Wardian cases, but it is not so pre- 
tentious, and for that reason it 1s more en- 


durable. 


LARGEST OLIVE RANCH IN THE 
WORLD 
Ware few Eastern people, comparatively, 


know that the largest olive ranch in 
the world is located within 25 miles of 
Los Angeles, Cal. 

This wonderful orchard, situated at Sylmar, 
is ten times larger than the biggest olive ranch 
in Spain. “There are over 120,000 olive-bear- 
ing trees, and they average 50 pounds of olives 
to the tree. [he Sylmar ranch consists of 
12,000 acres, and each acre contains 110 trees, 
which produce 2000 gallons of olives each sea- 
son. This quantity of fruit makes 250 gallons 
of pure olive oil—valued at $2 per gallon— 
thus equaling $500 per acre profit. 

The olive wood is highly prized by cabinet- 
makers, as it is very hard and takes a high 
The Italians consider an olive orchard 
as a perpetual source of wealth, as the older 
it grows the more valuable it becomes. “The 
trees are supposed to live about 4000 years 
under favorable conditions. “Chere are some 
olive trees now on the Mount of Olives, in 
Palestine, which are computed to be not less 
than 3000 years old. 

The olive industry has been growing stead- 
ily in California since its first introduction by 
the early Spanish mission fathers; and the olive 
culture in that State can never be overdone, 
since the olive can be produced on the Ameri- 
can continent with any degree of success only 
in central and southern California, New Mex- 
ico, and Arizona. 


December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV 


\ 
FWY EN \ 


A household word wherever planos are known. Associations and fra- 


grant memories cluster about it. “The oldest American plano and of 


greater reputation for excellence than any other, and their reputation 


one that is justified by their great beauty of tone and durability. 


Style H, Ufright grand, $550 Style W, Quarter grands, $700 


Chickering Pianos may be bought oy any regular Chickering representative at Boston 
prices with added cost of freight and delivery. Our literature will be sent upon request. 


Made Solely by GCHICKERING & SONS 


891 Tremont Street, Cor. Northampton Established, 1823 BOSTON, MASS. 


Xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


December, 1909 


EONG 
“DISTANCE 
—  ELEPHONE 


A Highway of 
Communication 


It goes by your door. Every Home, 
every office, every factory, and every farm 
in the land is on that great highway or 
within reach of it. It is a highway of 
communication, and every Bell Telephone 
is a gateway by which it can be reached. 


Millions of messages travel over this 
highway every day. In the great cities 
they follow one another like the bullets 
from a machine gun, and over the wide 
reaches of the country they fly with the 
speed of shooting stars, 


The Bell service carries the thoughts 
and wishes of the people from room to 
room, from house to house, from commu- 
nity to community, and from state to state. 


This service adds to the efficiency of 
each citizen, and multiplies the power of 
the whole nation. 


The Bell system brings eighty million 
men, women and children into one ele- 
phone commonwealth, so that they may 
know one another and live together in 
harmonious understanding. 


A hundred thousand Bell employees are 
working all the time on this highway of 
communication. Every year it is made 
longer and broader, and its numerous 
branches are more widely extended. 
Every year it is furnished with a larger 
number of telephone gateways and be- 
comes the means of greater usefulness. 


The Bell Long Distance Telephone will meet your 


new needs and serve your new purposes. 
one system, 


— one policy, 


It means 
universal service. 


Every Bell Telephone is the center of the System. 


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DROP LIGHT MADE FROM AN OIL 
LAMP 


By B. A. Johns 


Since gas has supplanted kerosene for illu- 
minating purposes many quaint and _ highly 
prized oil lamps have been put out of commis- 
sion. ‘These lamps may be changed into at- 
tractive drop-lamps in the manner illustrated 
herewith. 

A center-draft lamp is best adapted for the 
purpose, but any kind will answer. ‘The hole 
on top of the oil reservoir is first soldered up, 
and through the central draft tube a small gas 
pipe is placed, with a threaded end on top, to 
receive the burner. Any mantled burner may 
be used. Under the burner is placed a washer, 


Drop Light Made from An Oil Lamp 


resting on top of the oil reservoir, which keeps 
the burner in place. At the lower end of the 
gas-pipe an elbow is screwed on. Between this 
elbow and the bottom of the oil reservoir is 
placed a short piece of pipe, so that, when the 
elbow is screwed up, the tube will be tight, 
thereby holding burner secure to the oil reser- 
voir. From the elbow, a short piece of gas- 
pipe is screwed in, with the ordinary stopcock 
and attachment for the gas hose. 


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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii 


December, 1909 


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away the last piece of hose is no 
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xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1909 


HH Jn. Stable Comforts 


It is a noticeable fact that live stock 
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SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED 
Connections, sizes and all working data for 


@ 
Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures 
Traps — Venting 


Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe 
House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet 


Floor and Yard Drains, etc. 
ustrate cen 
Sub-soil Drainage 


Floor Connections 
Roof Connections 
By R. M. STARBUCK | Local Venting 
pate Room Connections [etc. 
I 1 utomatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses 
400 (10% 28 7%) Paces Use of Flushing Valves : 
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55 FuLL PaGEs OF Durham System 
lumbing Construction without use of Lead 
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up to date work illus Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons 
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the Drainage and Ven- zemples or ocr Practice 
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tilation of Dwellings, Continuous Venting for all classes of Work 
Apartments and Public Circuit and Loop Ventin 


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very latest and most ap- House Drain— House Sewer — Sewer Connections 
proved methods in all Plumbing for Cottage House 


branches of Sanitary In- Erembing for Residence 
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be practical, but which is practical from cover 
to cover. It is a collection of ideas and meth- 
ods, of ways to do things, of what to do and 
how to do it as proposed, tried out and tested 
by resourceful men, both amateur and profes- 
sional. It contains, in short, upwards of a 
thousand ingenious “kinks,” ideas and hints, 
useful to the household, attractive to the 
mechanic and interesting to every one who 
loves to tinker and make articles of use and 
value, or in whom the spirit of experimenta- 
tion is inbred. 

Unlike many books of this kind, however, 
this is no collection of scientific experiments. 
In fact, it is not an experimental book at all, 
but a treatise of useful things. It is not con- 
cerned with theory, but with fact. It deals 
not with what will give curious results, but 
with achievements of real value and _ utility. 
And this it does in the most direct way possible. 
The descriptions of methods are concise and 
clear, and at every point they are supplemented 
with drawings and diagrams, many of which 
are in the form of working drawings that show, 
in a very precise and definite way, just what 
to do and how to do it. There are 370 such 
illustrations in the book, very clearly drawn 
and lettered, and illustrations that illustrate 
in the best sense of the word. 


The general plan and scope of the book is 
well expressed in its title. It is very literally 
the handy man’s workshop and laboratory. It 
does not undertake to cover the whole realm 
of the mechanics of the shop and factory, of 
the home and household, but it does offer it- 
self as the guide to the handy man in these 
places. Its value is, therefore, very distinct 
and very wide. It appeals, therefore, to a 
very large class of readers and workers. ‘The 
mechanic and the professional man may 
alike find help and suggestion in its pages; 
the householder may here learn of a multi- 
tude of things both convenient and helpful; 
the amateur craftsman will find enough to 
keep him busy for many a long day; the 
sportsman is not forgotten, and so very new a 
device as the construction of toy flying ma- 
chines is treated at length. 


Mr. Bond is to be heartily congratulated on 
the admirable and thorough way in which he 
has performed his task of selection and editing. 
The origin of the book is the result of a depart- 
ment established some time ago in the “Scien- 
tific American,” devoted to the interests of the 
“Handy Man.” A_ flood of suggestions 
poured in from a multitude of sources, and the 
best of these have been reproduced in the 
present volume. It is, however, in no sense a 
reprint from the “Scientific American,” since 
much of its contents is now printed tor the 
first time. 

Mr. Bond has devised a book that will very 
successfully appeal to a very wide circle. ‘The 
amateur workman is attracted by the opening 
chapter on fitting up a workshop. Beth he 
and the professional mechanic will find a host 
of suggestions on the greatest diversity of 
topics in the next chapter on Shop Kinks. 
Both, again, will be interested in the very 
valuable chapter on the soldering of metals 
and the preparation of solders and soldering 
agents. Here is a long list of formulas for 
solders, of tried and tested accuracy. ‘The 
professional mechanic is especially appealed to 
in the fourth chapter on the “Handy Man in 
the Factory,” while still another class of read- 
ers will be interested in the fifth chapter on 
the ‘Experimental Laboratory.” Electricity is 
very fully treated in the sixth chapter, and the 
householder will find a wealth of suggestions 
in the numerous devices described in the 
seventh. ‘The sportsman will be helped with 
the hints of the eighth chapter, while tthe 
final chapter on flying machines is of the great- 
est possible present-day interest.. It is, in 
short, a book of the widest general interest, 


December, 1909 


AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix 


TWO KINDS OF PEOPLE 


BUY AND EAT 


Atwood | 
Grape Fruit 


First, those who want the most deli- 
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Haven prescribes for all his patients, 
telling them to “be sure to get the 
ATWOOD, for other grape fruit to 
the ATWOOD is as cider apples to 
pippins ;”’ 

Second, those who would increase 
their energy, clear their complex- 
ion, brighten their eyes, renew 
their youth, and rid themselves of 
rheumatism or gout. These eat 
ATWOOD GRAPE FRUIT morning 
and evening. 


The Bureau of Chemistry of the Department 

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of citric acid as found in grape fruit, says: 
“It combines with certain bases and the 
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an unduly acid urine alkaline.” 


All genuine Atwood Grape Fruit has the 
Atwood trade-mark on the wrapper, and 
may be purchased from high-class dealers by 
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containing 54 or 64 or 80, Six Dollars. 


Buy it by the box—it 
will keep for weeks. 
THE ATWOOD 


GRAPE FRUIT COMPANY 
KIMBALL C. ATWOOD 


President 


290 Broadway, 


New York 


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78 Exterior Views, LZ Interior Views 
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In the text is given an article on “The Bungalow,” 
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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


| A Superb Gift 
| Book 


Historic Houses and Their 


Gardens 
EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE 


Assistant Professor of the History of Architecture, University 
of Pennsylvania 


With an introduction by Frank Miles Day, Lecturer on 
Architecture at Harvard University 


HE wealthy and wise have, from time immemorial, set 
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Everyone cannot inhabit the house and the garden that his dreams inspire, but in leafing over such a book as 
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** Historic Houses and Their Gardens” affords an intimate picture of places the world over, 
celebrated for their beauty and their associations, It is of extraordinary value because it comprises an 
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Writers “‘to the manor born” conduct one through the spacious halls and terraces : The Dowager Countess 
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Over three hundred exquisite pictures from photographs, water-color sketches and plans, are beautifully 
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The book is a quarto, 9x12 inches, and contains 272 pages. Bound in Cloth, with gold and ink stamping. 


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Country Homes and Garden of Moderate Cost 
EDITED BY CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE 
@©e book has been prepared to satisfy a constantly growing demand from those who are planning to 


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Country and suburban homes on limited space, on the seashore, in the mountains, 

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Plans and Photographs of Houses and Gardens Costing from $800 to $10,000 


Each of the designs is the work of an architect of established reputation, and the 
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A quarto volume, size 9x12 inches, sumptuously printed on heavy plate paper, attractively bound in green 


book-cloth. $2.00 Express Prepaid 
McBRIDE & WINSTON CO., 6 West 29th Street, New York 


Publishers of House & Garden 


JUST PUBLISHED JUST PUBLISHED 


CRAFTSMAN HOMES 


By GUSTAV STICKLEY 


A Book for Architects, Builders, Containing practical house plans, 


Homemakers and Housekeepers exteriors and interiors, suggestions 
for gardens, gates and pergolas, 


models for furniture, metal work 
and needlework. ‘The house plans comprise a choice collection of about 
fifty designs of country, suburban and town houses, bungalows, cottages 
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CONTENTS: Craftsman houses and plans, halls and stairways, living-rooms, dining-rooms, 
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MUNN © CO., Inc. 361 Broadway, New York 


December, 1909 


and both editor and publisher are to be heartily 
congratulated on the success obtained in this 
very valuable publication. 


THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Boy AT SCHOOL. 
By A. Russell Bond. New York: Munn & 
Co., Inc. Pp. 338. Price, $2.00. 

One of the most interesting and helpful of 


recent books for boys was “The Scientific 
American Boy,” by the accomplished author 
of the present volume, in which was described 
the adventures of a youth of mechanical turn 
of mind with his companions in a vacation 
season. Mr. Bond now carries the story 
further, places his hero in a boarding-school, 
and invites his readers to enjoy his later ad- 
ventures and profit by them as well. 

It is pre-eminently a boy’s book for boys, 
for boys with sound bodies and healthy minds, 
who like to be out of doors and making things 
with their hands—just the kind of boys one 
reads about and would like to have or know, 
but which sometimes seem rather scarce when 
one scans the list of one’s boy acquaintances. 
Mr. Bond has been more fortunate than some 
of us, for his boys are fine young chaps, full of 
life and vigor, and endowed with mechanical 
turns of mind that must have given some of 
their elders pause. But at all events they are 
not prigs, but good, wholesome boys of the 
right sort; and if one does not meet them in 
the streets every day, it is good to know there 
are such young people and to read about them 
in Mr. Bond’s agreeable pages. 

The book is not at all a history of school 
life, but might be scientifically described as 
an essay on surplus energy. It deals not with 
what the boys did in school hours, but what 
they did outside of them. These, of course, 
are the real hours of a boy’s life, the time in 
which he is free and unrestrained, in which 
he seeks to please himself and work off some 
of that boy energy that is sometimes not al- 
ways so appreciated by his elders as it might 
be. 

So the book brims over with good nature 
and ingenuity and with the breath of outdoor 
activity. If the mechanical performances of 
these young fellows seem sometimes a bit 
audacious, we may rest assured with the 
author’s certificate that they never did any- 
thing boys of real earnestness and ingenuity 
could not have accomplished. The careful 
parent may, perhaps, be disposed to pause a 
little at the flying machine, but—read Mr. 
Bond and find what happened. 

The book is agreeably written with a fine 
sympathy for boy life and boy activity. It 
abounds in practical ideas and suggestions, and 
will prove a veritable boon to the parent who 
wishes to interest his boy in the value of think- 
ing and doing. ‘The numerous illustrations 
are extraordinarily helpful and practical. 


CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FurRNI- 
TURE. By Ralph C. Davidson. New 
York: Munn & Co., Inc. Pp. 196. Price, 
$1.50. 

The publishers’ statement that this is a new 
book on a new subject is very true. Neither 
concrete pottery nor concrete garden furn- 
iture is in itself new; but a book dealing 
with their making by the amateur has not 
heretofore been published, and hence this vol- 
ume amply supports the claim of novelty made 
for it. 

Readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND 
GARDENS have already acquired some famili- 
arity with Mr. Davison’s able guidance in this 
fascinating art, and while the articles he con- 
tributed to these pages have been reproduced 
in this book, they have been given a new form 
and much new and additional matter has been 
added to them. ‘The illustrations have been 
greatly increased in number, and the whole 
given the form of a practical handbook. 


December, 1909 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


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Scientific American 


is unique in the current literature of the world and ranks among the great 
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Its accurate, popularly written articles open to the intelligent mind 
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intelligent reader. 
DURING THE YEAR 1910 


there will be found in the weekly issues of the “SCIENTIFIC 
AMERICAN” illustrated articles on the leading events of the day in 
regard to Aeronautics, Automobiles, the Navy, Engineering Works, 
Scientific News, etc. Our brief notes on Electricity, Engineering and 
Science are published in eachissue. Our Correspondence Column 
contains letters from all parts of the world. Inour Notes and Queries 
Department are published replies to correspondents in regard to the 
widest range of topics, and an able corps of experts is engaged to 
attend to these queries. A complete list of all patents issued in the 
United States appears in each issue. A department entitled the 
“Handy Man’s Workshop’ is published every second or third week. 
We have special correspondents in the various capitals of Europe. 

The “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” is, in fact, a Newspaper 
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Read the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” for Two Months Free 


With a view of extending our subscription list we are prepared for a limited period to 


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SPECIAL OFFER 


_ Ifyou will fill out the attached coupon and mailit to us with a remittance of $3.00 
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Fulton” Souvenir number. This magnificent number has thirty-two [@) American” for on 
pages brimful of timely information and illustrations regarding the Ky year from Jan. 1 agit 


with Nov. and Dec., 1909, 
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great explorer and the famous engineer, giving a history of the evolu- my, 
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MUNN @® CO., Inc. 
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The Scientific American Boy 


12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. 


This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- 
ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, 


will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance 
complete practical instructions are given for building the various 
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- 
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also 
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. 
q@ The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of 
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, 
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance 
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- 
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, 
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can- 
tilever bridge, are described. 


FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES 


December, 1909 


Books on handicraft of any kind are apt to 
fail, more or less, in the inadequacy of their 
directions. ‘The author too often knows so 
well what to do and how to do it as not to 
realize that those who have not followed the 
work before may not quite follow what are 
supposed to be careful directions. Mr. 
Davison has been fully alive to this misfortune 
in books of this kind, and has, therefore, 
taken especial pains to make his descriptions 
most accurate and detailed. No other method 
is, of course, really feasible, but it is seldom 
this sort of thing has been so well done as in 
his pages. “The careful text is supplemented 
with illustrations as carefully made and let- 
tered, so that the book is a genuine handbook 
of craft work, thoroughly practical in every 
part, and admirably adapted to its special pur- 
pose of explaining every portion of the work 
involved in the production of the various ar- 
ticles described. 

Mr. Davison has opened up quite a new 
field for the amateur. ‘The materials required 
are abundant and cheap; the methods, in the 
simpler pieces, at least, easy and devoid of dif- 
ficulties. And the work is not only pleasant, 
but the results are agreeable and decorative. 
The author thoroughly knows and _ under- 
stands his subject, and has the gift of impart- 
ing his knowledge to his readers. 


A GUIDE To THE Country Home. By 
Edward Kneeland Parkinson. New York: 
The Outing Publishing Co. Pp. 156. 
Price, $1.00 net. 


This useful little book brings within small 
compass a host of helpful ideas and suggestions. 
I+ occupies a place of its own among the multi- 
tude of contemporary books on its subjects in 
being intended chiefly for the owner of a small 
farm. It appeals, therefore, not so much to 
the suburban house-owner as to the small 
farmer, with special reference to the amateur 
too, going out into the country, sseeks to grow 
up with it and make it grow at the same time. 

The author takes up the whole subject of 
farm life in detail, after some helpful intro- 
ductory chapters, and manages to condense 
an enormous amount of helpful knowledge 
into his pages. “The information given is both 
concise and practical, and many will be helped 
and aided by a careful study of this volume. 
The matter is presented in an attractive way, 
and the publishers have given it a pleasant 
dress. 


Moprern Homes. Selected Examples of 
Dwelling Houses, Described and Illustrated 
by T. Raffles Davison. 8vo. Pp. 248. 
London, 1909: Gorge Bell & Sons. New 
York: The Macmillan Company. Price, 
$5.25 net. 

No one can have seen more modern homes 
than Mr. Davison, and no one certainly knows 
better than he how to choose and present them 
to us. His architectural knowledget insures 
than the architecture is represented in such a 
manner as to satisfy the architect, while the 
artist in him insures that this shall not be 
emphasized at the expense of the general 
effect of his drawings. Here we have 
selected, by one who knows, some of the best 
and most representative modern homes. Views 
of exteriors and interiors, staircases, chimney- 
corners, halls and furniture are given, often 
accompanied by plans just sufficient to place 
them in their surroundings, and very often a 
sketch or two in the garden and sometimes a. 
photograph. Drawings are accompanied by 
just enough letterpress to draw attention to 
the strong points of each design with entire 
absence of any wearisome technical detail 
which would be out of place in such a book. 
The book is beautifully illustrated and one 
which we can commend to all architects. 


Index to 


cAMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 


Volume VI.— January to December, 1909 


Anesthetics, use of, for plants.............. 64 Gambrel roof houses, three types of........ 53 Nature, designs direct from........-......-- 304 
Animals, in captivity, wild...... povoao one 13. Garages for small country places.......... TAO Natines ttapsiieerienisncien ene ieee eer F733 
“Annesden,” summer home of Miss A. E. Garden, a naturalistic, “Glenbrook”......... 283 Notable American homes, C. P. Searle..... 45 
Outimbye Pesce s seseivest nists sie sae 307. Garden and pergola, designed by an ama- Notable American homes, D. Guggenheim.. 337 
BVNS EEG|TCES GS MES onc coc coe soacspopncac 206 EG UA Map ate resect see vaeve fot oto Seance rei tia are kes fies ayes 152. Notable American homes, E. Berolzheimer.. 85 
Architecture, what really is Colonial...... 19 Garden at Hamilton House................ 422 Notable American homes, F. E. Bond...... 377 
Armor, the Dino collection of historic....... SOmme Garden sa wOOd'a 1s qomenyseiecaccsie Ge sents icles 70 Notable American homes, G. Crocker ...... 207 
Artistic expression of the small country Garden, concrete ornaments for, how to Notable American homes, G. Lee........... 417 
MOWERS? cooceedeeser goooenboggesoomedSeuD 125 mee, NIMS poco ceoec 350, 383, 426, 471 Notable American homes, Mrs. M.R. Miller. 217 
Artists, homes of American, C. H. Stephens.. 95 Garden, first prize, the.................... AS7) aNotesscardentra-eeer cree erat corres: #212 
Artists, homes of American, D. C. French. . pum Gar. denwoates thers esis ieee dere reticence 271 Novelties for the country home, home-made. 148 
Artists, homes of American, J. M. Carrére. 257 Garden in your town, the.................. ETON UNIUTSeLY,mLUtnishinos ties eee reste cree 400 
oe homes is ameniran ie Se Clarkes umt77e  (GandenmenOtesnas.csncciie aisecresaisrs austere) ce aneratersnene. *212 
Are Nouveats imi Avistria, 12. fs a6... aac 350 Garden space, economizing ................ 37 ~+Paris, new seed-testing station in........... 8 
AGES anGNcEatts thes Syrdclittecolonysot,... 380) (Gardens: wall 0. ...-...seceesssennssese ss 242 “Penllyn House,” A. K Woodie yp cteaees ae 
Garden, the making of an iris............. 140 Pergola and formal garden designed by an 
gn yf 
Benrhac tee the Occident 35 Garden-work about the home........... *40, *80 AMALE Uterine nce ec ee ee conor te oats 152 
Peer erijdcled. 28 Gateytheyeardenteren cry pianesoooe0000d Pri SetSeS), ekioues) BhaVGl |XESS BI on ona pancccsnbooDnOeF 206 
3 Nt eee a ae eS “Gellian Court,” E. Berolzheimer.......... SceeebotorgraphingapindsieereEeEEEe er eEeee eres 56 
Beauty and economy of stucco 438 : 35 
[has a aE 138 Giantpleavesieecaee cee SopusvaccdDoocmOsOadK 103 Photographs of sixteen houses of moderate 
Bechacny window Ginnie ee aa a 436 “Glenbrook,” a naturalistic garden.......... 283 COStE pra Pomerrre Gece eee dons 230 
eee 2 i ee 6 Graperculturelinwkinancemme tire rere B17 emetic: Llavenwadlem ba Vian eb ttenhe eee 451 
eens Te Erie Pee Soe 8s Grounds, and ene ey Pelee eR NER On 99 Bae veluuen of the small house.......... ve 
Biltmore, forest KOREANEMNOR Slice cnccaeese 274 uggenheim, D., oro, ING ocssosaccdoun 337 ant breeding wee cee ete e ce ree ences eccccee *5 
Etcdoiand the country home................ 353 iblanismido theyat hina eer reer ee eee ee 309 
Birds, photographing... 0.0.0... 0ssss 350 Hall, A. W., Crystal Brook, L. 1............ 250M ee eee Chlay ear wr esi es 2 
eee ie he. 6s Plevhouses for children. 310 
“Braemar,” Mrs. M. R. Miller............ 217. Hamilton House, garden at................. 422 5 Uke te a a small cee house........ 136 
BrGGGinic. (ART Sean ene an oe taeian eee *58 Hammond, J. H., Wynnewood, Pa.......... 429 ae ae merican Shetland.............. 450 
Brick, a small, house at Concord, Mass.... 186 Hand-loom, what can be done in a.......... 220 eR EO ONE slots els iskaas fe Pele ricer * eH 
Pool f d 
Exown, GS, country seat of........0... 0. 74 Healthiest house in the world, the.......... 269 oe en pe emeae OE | ane eau eae penoc Shp 
Bungalow, and its furnishing, the details of 477 Heap, the compost.................+0eeeeee *106 ee state aver gr eee SOUL tog 
Bano alows San vAntonio.. .sc0+0e. 6 ses ace 38 Historic mansions of the Rappahannock River 1097 OPA HOY ONES NITE oc on ob hacen 40, 80 
Benet ows. at Pasadena, Cal, a group of.. 354 Home, Colonial suburban.................. 362 Profitable house, the.............-....++.-- 250 
MiSaOWwS, 1Our, Calitoriias «.6.5.-ss sce: A446, Home creating assmallicountrye. .-2-+ 5. 194 5 . ; e 
EaEeaow type of ae two-story house...... 405 Home, curtains for the summer............ 267 Quimby, Miss A. E., Bridgehampton, L. I.. 307 
yrdcliffe colony of arts and crafts......... 389 Home, decorative features in the small..... TAZ paced ddilas ah Sicles Bats, Pa... 22 
Home-furnishing, problems in............. 40, 80 “Red Oaks,’ J. M. Carrére Soe 
Carrére, J. M.,, White Plains, N. Y......... 257 ome, furniture for the small............ ~: 184. Reid, Prof. L. W., Merion, Pa............. 112 
C t rf eet Home, garden-work about the........... *40, *80 R d 
ae s as E rouse ae Biola Soiciy ae eee AL eae are OCA mentor tiie country home 148 Bowe ced barhseassuccessi lene een eee ee 228 
MR Cte Play MOUSES LOM. «<c.c:e)s:eieceieoncie ¢ = cles > 310 : : vs evival of an old handicraft, hand-made rugs 50 
s@uesteewood,’ 1. C. French...:.......... 5  flome-making, vacation ...............+... 347 Roadway and the grounds 
z / ; lalorn@ Gi AA, Wie Isle, cdoobooncuscdsono0dcs 239 y. & Fe ERO SSE OIG 99 
Clarke A. Newton, Mass... .. 0.62% eos 00 27 Rares Gt Ammencan nares, Clty Siestans,. OG Rochen @- ai ty Shorteriilicy Now )reeci. cil 223 
CirckewreS: lenox, Mass... iodo. scenes I : : Rochester cheap cottage competition. . 2 
2 77 p ge competition........ 327 
Giaeeeedoral Homes of American artists, D. C. French... 5 « . 9 
, LORE) caves Seca roomate reece 406 — : : : Rock Rid Ses we Lier RUSS err relevent ie ere 107 
Galiwehs Homes of American artists, J. M. Carrére.. 257 Rodunth ‘lant 2 ; / 
Colonial architecture, what really is... 0... Tig Howes ©F Avmaviess aati, WLS. Chie, 7) Ronen stor uibtl@eso seyi¢ cscs se ccces 
Colonial house at Portsmouth NEY eee 235 Homes, some Western. .................+. 405 Rugs, revival of an ‘old handicraft, hand- 
F F Aas Homestead, a seventeenth century........... 66 2 ? 
eel pe OS Williams eee ee Ly ‘riomewood aR. |G. Tower! Ge re te 248 Ree ts ae ee Cer Er Cee 50 
Giied wiows in the higise ekg aN ee $30 House, at Concord, ausinallMbnickeeeeeneaer 186 2 aes? NE mopopseniebnso  iy/ 
Comment, monthly, *4, *44, *84, *124, *216, *256 Poet ae foray Lobscon sa ilackeo. 204 “Sabine Hall,” historic mansion in Virginia. 197 
* * * o one Or ee ed 3} 
Competition, Rochester chea fies. US ee: Motse Colonial say Portsmouth Nee 235 Sie eb NTS ee ere meteee si = 
Compost heap, the. ....-.. nccocn eapey Seg EROESS TORO TERE URSA GIN ope secuecus7 232 Seed-testing, new station in Paris... 2... 78 
peuercte in the building of the small country Fsces ee rE Wheeler Nee eee ate ah ES OFA homesteadanaeneeer cere 66 
ESCM te ee oc ee wre ine nieneins 157 Soe D d it ewell) R- V. V-, @yster Bay, EL. T......... 482 
Concrete ornaments for the gardens, how to louse of J. ee seeks nw ocSs Pa. eae Sitting=rOompmporcheeeerreeninace see eee IQI 
MARE DEPDIELV © strc a2 200 os 359, 383, 426, 471 Hotces Meee! Fi ate oF ks t Hills 130 Sixteen houses at a moderate cost.......... 230 
Conrow, T., Water Mill, Long Island...... 16 OL Tt AGRO ORS CAS ISS NA: HOSES: “SITS BAA ‘Small country house, artistic expression of 
Country home, birds and the... <1... #364 Houses, a group of small, inexpensive... 3) gait, @ Sai eee no es ee 
Country house, concrete in building of small . 157 SES UU IIe WENO Res) Ooo 20059 53 Soilby Makan a Serepee neste sryecorse cistern Uaetd eve ae *481 
Houses, group of modern, at Nutley, N. J I +: : 
Country house, the modern...............:. 305 oy 8, & 1 t eas ah ff ay 43 Stenciling, new, developments in............ IIo 
ees Z small country home............. 194 ese SE ISIE OFS NS Sie) SOE or63 Stephens, C. H., Rose Valley, Pa........... 05 
BOCKEE Gav atesey, ING Ya ...,-10 turer conse 207 cer SEG Oe Se Ob ie ag seaaiss SLTON Sava Gay \VViabatiye Masser risieilereiete 386 
is eee Houses, sixteen, at a moderate cost......... 230 St, : 2 
Se 4g House, sal, ata omall eoatsvccss csc... Sy USS De ce ee ss 
Ah House, the healthiest in the world.......... 269 = Se Bes 
Elousessthesprotitablenermremsn ener cee 290 To : 
: pL Wiel on Gimleexinotons Massscncese cane 248 
“Daclinstone are Se SU och oO OC oe House with a guaranteed cost, a........... 321 Trees,’ trimming AG OE Seg +270 
eee Cheat al MrelliSesteencsicas tree kesscer 
Decoration, carrots as a house.............. 4II : aOR: aoloa Ba etek gl Pte SGA fo gatine hiag neg 343 
Decorative features in the small home...... 142 Inn, the Wayside. Re eran Se 322 pines cle crees Tae ae ae *270 
Dose cont Nainse 304 linis! cardenwmthemmakine oh aneyemeeaens ee 140 Teens alae oe aie a arent: ae 
DIMI S-SOOHML, 165 USAGE? ooo cod ctor e cin ee neve 31 5 j s SOE 
Dino collection of historic armor, the........ 59 Johnson, J. L., house at Hackensack, N. J... 204 Vacati ; 
ti : 5 ) ACAtO nmol C-Illa Kin OMe eiiciteeieieeieeice 347 
as Been Pee oi Renn Be ; Van Buren, T. B., Kennebunkport, Maine... 451 
5 gis, ra., aimed. . i  ILGAKYES, GAEINE coseoonecbsa000n0000050000800 103 Ventilation, practical suggestions for do- 
Lee, G., Beverly Farms, Mass.............. 417 TESEIC MRRP ata «oe feicineln vice se Sc 183 
Economizing garden Space oes Hae ciara 37 “Lindens, The,” 1B, Ss Williams tee eee ee eee 286 “Ville al Mare,” Gmlbeeses. 5. 8 eee 417 
Evolution of the small house plan........... 150 Loom, what can be done in hand.......... 220 
; Wall gardens ..... ad9n00e vesgdn9oRSND000RS 242 
Farming experiment Diya wOrternve aasrenriccc. 443 Mamillana rhodantha, a specimen of........ 3o Watercress culture in France............... 201 
BessibsoOlens (aS: \Clathe joe. seni eve sae viese 177. Mansions of the Rappahannock River, his- ONES UGTA NS oe cocaceppssosssocssone 22 
Piseplaces aud fire-irons............2...++5 488 COT CR ei re ee tes roy NiValebre,” (Gods Smiths oooooonss5b5e5 sue 304 
“Firenze Cottage,” D. Guggenheim......... 337. Metal, the craft of hammering and piercing 463 Wheeler, J. E, New Haven, Conn.......... 330 
Blectwood,, RK. V. V. Sewell... 20s se. 482 Method of housekeeping, a new............ *77 Wild mushrooms, (1g ORR ENC A oer 261 
RIGA Ae oe cae Oct ee 406 Miller, Mrs. M. R., Tarrytown-on-Hudson.. 217 Williams, E. S., Nahant, Mass............ 286 
Flower-box beauty SCO BUECOOUEG LOE COULD ites,  Wwibsanteray Ope PEN. WHPscoc0ccc00n0enbenasaGdG 25 Williams, J. R., Haverford, Pater cee Srey, 
Forest conservation at Biltmore............ 274 Modern country house, the...............-- 395 “Willow Brook House,” F. E. Bond...... 377 
oe DC, Glendale, Massi.i6s eh. ens 5 Monthly comment, *4, *44, *84, *124, *216, *256 Windows, in the house, colored...........  *30 
trick, © ¥, “Eriple Gable” house......... 113 #206, *336, *376, *416, *456 Winter, roses for......................... 93 
ERI A ACW SICSICCED | 6 0 ices cee wee caine *65 Motor houses for the small country place, Women, a farming experiment by.......... 443 
Furnishing the nursery ........0ccccceccece 400 TTTOC GLU Sere prec ners, Thar achey cia clatelatel Magersteods Syn, sbi 146 Wood, A. K., Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y.... 200 


Furniture for the small home............... Ee4n aViashrootisy thelwilde soe: 15 0-/-i80 9- 261 Wood garden, a........--..+.+ eee eee esses 70 


Two layers of glass 
instead of one. 

Needs no covering. 
Hard work eliminated. 


Winter Gardening for 
profit and pleasure 
Get some Sunlight Double Glass Sash. 


You will have lettuce, cauliflower, radishes 
and the like for your table; and for field work 
you will have the earliest vegetables and flower 
plants. 

The Sunlight Sash has two layers of glass 
with a cushion of dry air between, which 
protects the plants even in zero weather. 

Mats and boards no longer needed 
with Sunlight Sash; it does away with all the 
drudgery. 

Write to-day for catalog and information. 
Fast freight, safe delivery guaranteed. 


A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, 


Katonah, New York 


Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York 
De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - - New York 


Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 gallons, 
built entirely of concrete reinforced with Clinton welded 


SunticHT Dousie Grass SasH Co. 
943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 


wire. Before roof was placed over tank, and during 
winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water 


stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. 


Clinton Wire Cloth Company 


R Al SCIENCE Fanaa oes 
Send for booklet on the wonderful bacteriological prepara- 

tion which exterminates rats and mice and yet is harmless 

to other animals, birds and human beings. 


DANYSZ 9 IRUS Fireproofing Departments: ‘ 
: WASHINGTON ALBERT OLIVER, 1 Ae SON AES NEW YORK 

$ : Rosslyn Supply Co., Colorado Building " ! Hunkins-Willis Lime & Cement Co. 
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, Dept. Z, 25 OLD SLIP, NEW YORK CITY #4 CHICAGO: Clinton Wire Cloth Co., 30-32 River Street | SAN FRANCISCO: L. A. Norris, 835 Manadneck Bldg 


BUFFALO, N. Y.: Buffalo Wire Works Co., Inc ATTLE: L. A. Norris, 909 Alaska Building 
CLEVELAND, OHIO: Carl Horix, 428 Garfield Building SYRACUSE, N. Y.: National Construction Company 


Koll’s Patent 
Lock-Joint Columns 


JUST PUBLISHED 


| The New Building Estimator 


BY WILLIAM ARTHUR 


© 

© 

< PRACTICAL guide to estimating the 

: cost of labor and material in building 

: construction from excavation to finish, with 

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a. | architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engi- ~~ an Seen 

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Elston and Webster Avenues 


AN INDISPENSABLE AID TO CONTRACTORS 
CHICAGO, ILL. 


A circular describing this book will be mailed on application HEE Mm Re ye eon oe 


MUNN & CO., Ince. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Send for Catalogue A-19 of Columns, or 
A-29 of Sun-dials, Pedestals, ete. (See 
also " Sweet's Index.") 


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