Full text of "American homes and gardens"

See other formats

Furnishing a House for $1,000

HOM Sand @ AR )

j
|. eee RR AROORREIE: LINE AITO TENT RAEI Y CPI NONOR RE 0 CoH

<cieaneasauananamaens anaes a nate NteeNt AyD T EASE NCTE

JANUARY, 1912 MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers PRICE 25 CENTS

Vol, IX, No. | NEW YORK, N. Y. $3.00 A YEAR

SYUUUTUOIQEQUQIOOITLRQCQOTT IOC UVOQOCU TNT UITCUOUACOOE ATCO TOADS

FUNTS FINE FURNITURE

HOLIDAY GIFTS
THAT APPEAL TO ALL
The gift which bears the Flint Trademark is

not hecessarily a pretentious or costly remembrance.

Never ‘has our Holiday Exhibit offered such
a remarkable choice of selection in “INEX- .
PENSIVE GIFT ARTICLES,” Small Furn-
ishings and Artistic Trifles of the kind not com-
monly found elsewhere.

Whether your selection be a Desk, Table or

some other piece of substantial value, or some

GLADIOLI THE PEOPLES 5 ORCHIDS

This is what an admirer has aptly termed these superb flowers.
With all the varied tint and markings of the orchids, they are for
everyone's garden—for years. No flower is easier to grow, few
so easy. No special soil requirements, no enemies, no great care
necessary.

I Will Teach You How To Grow Them

I will show you how they can be used most effectively, outdoors
andin. I grow nothing but Gladioli, over 15,000 varieties, and have
tested them under every possible condition. I know that you can
grow them successfully, no matter what your soil may be. From
the results of my experience, I have prepared a little book. You
have never seen anything quite like it.

This Little Book Sent You Free
“The Uses of the Modern Gladiolus”

QEQQQQQQQO0000ETOLEQQQ00 00 0000T0#C0N ENON ONONUVVSOOOUET OOOO OQOONTN ON OOT EA

small article of trifling cost, it is a gift “worth

INN

while ”—a gift to be treasured in daily service for

ETTVRHTOTUUUUUARARRUUUUULCOAHICUULUIOUELULLLRLCLLLURALOLLL

years to come.

Ou TRADEMARK and SEVENTY
i. YEARS’ REPUTATION is You
6 =~ GUARANTEE.

fe] GEo. C. Fut Co.

43-47 WEsT 23" ST:

ae a ad 8)

It is beautifully illustrated, showing, by means of the wonder-
ful French color process, many of the world’s best varieties of
Gladioli in their exquisite natural tints. It tells just how to grow
and use Gladioli, and describes all the best sorts. It gives full
details of my famous Cowee Collections. If you are interested
write me, that | may send you a copy free.

ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farms
Box 93 Berlin, N. Y.

VLUAAVALTAUUINTILTTTIUUHHT

24-28 WEST 24! ST.

AIIVILVUIUAYVUURUUEO GEILE LLL

: The exceptional values
quoted here are indicative of
the importance to you of be-
coming familiar with PEAR-

™ SON’S Book: Department.
Our facilities enable us to ship promptly any of the New Novels, Reprints of Popular Novels in Low Priced

Editions, Reference Work, and all the Standard Sets in different style bindings.

Ainsworth’s Every Girl’s Library Lossing’ S Higa
“Tower of London” | 10 Vols. Cloth, $4.00; # Leather, $5.00 United States
2 Vols. Cloth, 89c Gaboriau’s Detective Tales 8 Vols. Cloth, $12.50; # Leather, $16.50
Balzac ____ 5 Vols. Cloth, $2.59 | Napoleon and His Marshals rs
18 Vols. Cloth, $10.99 Hugo 2 Vols. Cloth, 898 os vr
DeKock’s : 10 Vols. # Leather, $11.25 Washincton ‘5
és 99 é SS Gece Ge a ashing ton
Gustave” and “Barber of | De Maupassant’s d His G 1
Pua? and His Generals
. Complete Works 2 Vols. Cloth, #8e:
Mamet ea Geers a 17 Vols. Cloth, $12.75 eee oe
De Maupassant | Kipling ps ; a a
9 Vols. Cloth, $9.00; # Leather, $11.75 10 Vols. Cloth, $2.10 ! 13 Vols. 4 Leather, $12.19 i
Dickens Lever’s Military Romances | Oscar Wilde
20 Vols. Full Limp Morocco, $19.75 + Vo.Vols)) Cloth $2 55 12 Vols. Cloth, $11.75; # Leather, ede 75

Orders accompanied by remittances will be shipped prepaid where the charges do not exceed $1.00
- Address all Orders to | i

Pearson’ s Book Department, New York (ity Na,

18 ow aia fe ee

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

oMITHS

AUG12

WARM VS. COLD POULTRY HOUSES
By E. |. FARRINGTON

ONCE visited an expensive poultry plant,

where the houses were clapboarded with-
out and plastered within, with big stoves to
keep them warm. A few dozen hens were
strolling lonesomely about yards that were
planned to hold half a thousand. The plant
was a flat failure simply because it was too
comfortable—too luxurious. At first thought
this seems a curious anomaly. The fact is,
however, that the conditions which make
for a satisfactory egg yield are not to be
found in tight, heated houses. Such houses
rob the hens of vitality and stamina. The
flock becomes debilitated and unprofitable.
Many a poultry enterprise has been wrecked
through failure to appreciate this fact.

Some years since there came a prophet
in the wilderness of poultrydom, preaching
the gospel of fresh air. Repeated tests
established the fact that hens thrived better
in cold houses than in warm ones, provided
the houses were free from dampness and
drafts. Warm houses are more likely to
be damp than cold ones. The moisture
in the air collects on the sides of the build-
ing, so that the walls are actually covered
with frost in the morning after a cold night.

Some time was required for practical
poultrymen to realize that they had been
on the wrong track, but gradually they be-
gan to leave windows and doors open all
night, even in Winter, unless a strong wind
was blowing. Then came the open-front
houses, which are used by so many practi-
cal poultry-keepers the country over. These
houses have no front walls, being entirely
open to the air both summer and winter.
The opening is covered with poultry netting
to keep the hens in and intruders out, and
conservative extremists, if such a term may
be used, drop a muslin or burlap curtain at
night, when the weather is very cold or
when a storm is in progress, for the purpose
of keeping out the wind and snow.

Those breeds which have small combs
may be kept in such houses throughout the
year, even in the coldest parts of the coun-
try. Hens with long combs, like those of
the Leghorn and Minorca types, are likely
to have the combs frosted. If, however, a
curtain of muslin, tacked to a light frame,
is so arranged that it may be dropped di-
rectly in front of the perches at night, when
the temperature runs low, any variety of
fowl may be kept in such a house, if the
floor is covered deeply with a litter of leaves
or straw and the birds made to scratch in-
dustriously for what they eat.

There is another type of fresh-air house,
however, which is less radical and more
popular than those having the front entirely
open. This is the kind which the amateur
is most likely to adopt when he is convinced
that he has made a mistake in keeping his
poultry under hothouse conditions. In-
stead of glass windows, muslin is used at
the openings, being generally tacked to a
frame, which may be opened on hinges or
pushed to one side, for in practice these
curtains are kept closed only at night in
winter and when the weather is stormy.
The muslin-covered openings. should be

~S WW ZZ

for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

Ee Cis ee Re oS —_
Double Glass Sash
This is the secret of the complete success of that sash
everywhere for hot-beds and cold-frames.

Above the glass winter weather—zero, perhaps—
Below the glass a little spot of summer.

With warm earth and plants growing as though it
were May; violets to pluck throughout the Winter ;
panzies in bloom by late February; radishes and
lettuce in constant supply for the table; cabbage,
beet, tomato, pepper, melon and other plants,
properly timed, ready in the Spring to go out of
doors and make early crops.

You can have a bed like this at little cost, for the

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.,

943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

is fy ma
me < SRARIES

iia ae Not an inch from zero
but growing finely

Between the two layers of glass in
the Sunlight Double Glass Sash is an air
space of 5% of an inch in thickness

Sunlight Sash is complete in itself. It needs no
mats or boards. The only cover is the air sealed
between the layers of glass and this does not have
to be bought, or to be lifted on or off. It weighs
nothing and cannot even be seen;
blizzard cannot penetrate it.

Let us tell youall about the
Sunlight Sash—how yeu can
make Winter gardening a
source of healthful, profit-
able pleasure to you.

Write at once for our catalog. It is

free. Enclose 4c. if you want Prof. Mas-
sey’s booklet on hot-beds and cold-frames.

but a raging

‘he Arts ee Derarauon
Portfolio of Color Prints

- A Portfolio of six exquisite paintings by modern masters
done in full colors by the latest and best methods of color

reproduction.

These plates were executed in England,

where the art of color reproduction has reached its highest

perfection.

framing, is 12 x 10 inches.

Variations in Violet and Green.
From the water color by J.

Dover Evening.

The size of the plates, with border suitable for

The titles are : —
From an oil painting by J. M. Whistler

Buxton Knight

An Upland Road. From the oil painting by Paul Dougherty

Mme. Lucienne Breval in Carmen.
A Study in Sanguine.
By Maxfield Parrish.

“Dies Irae.”

From the oil painting by Ignacio Zuloga
By J. W. Waterhouse, R. A.

ARTS AND DECORATION

THE MOST WIDELY CIRCULATED MAGAZINE
FOR ART-LOVERS IN THE WORLD

is the only magazine which adequately deals with the possibilities of decorative art,
and which fully illustrates all phases of home decoration.

It is read by more-architects.and home-lovers than any other publication of its kind,
because it reflects the present widespread enthusiasm for beauty in home surround-

Ings.

Each number contains one or more articles on distinctive houses having some unique
decorative feature, as well as numerous other profusely illustrated articles on the
various phases of art which are of essential interest to all lovers of the beautiful.

Two dollars a year

Twenty cents a copy

Our Special Offer

We shall be glad to send readers of American Homes and Gardens, the

PORTFOLIO of COLOR PRINTS free on receipt of $2.25 for one year's

subscription to “‘Arts and Decoration,”

and the cost of postage.

The Number of Portfolios is Limited—Mail This Today

ADAM BUDGE, JInc.,16 East 42nd Street, Nex
I accept your Special Offer.
Decoration” for one vear, and the Portfolio of C

NWAME

A DID REE SS ig = 0 og cca

York City
sed find $2.25. Please se

lor Prints imm

Enclos

fA a
asi aon
“AN ~

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS

January, 1912

Moultry, Pet and Live Stork Directory

A Good Living from

The High Cost of Living can be Reduced by the PHILO SYSTEM

1600 Eggs, or 160 lbs. of Broilers can be produced in
a corner of a garden, 5x6 feet square

If we were to tell you that a family of six people could make a good living from six hens you would hardly be-
lieve it. Results that have been accomplished by the PHILO SYSTEM in the past would justify this statement.
Such results could not be obtained from common poultry or common methods. But the best birds of a NEW
BREED, the NEW METHOD of the PHILO SYSTEM in caring for the fowls and the new way of market-
ing make it possible to get even better results.

This is not theory or guess-work ; it is just what six hens have done in the past, and will do again when handled
according to the latest methods and discoveries made by the originator of the PHILO SYSTEM.

At his poultry plant in Elmira, a net profit of $25,000.00 from a HALF ACRE OF POULTRY has been
made in twelve months where fertile eggs are produced and hatched every day in the year. From 80 to 120 pounds
of the very best broilers and roasters have been raised every three months in PHILO SYSTEM coops only 3 to 6
feet in size.

Come to Elmira and we will SHOW YOU how such results are accomplished. Let us tell you
HOW YOU CAN MAKE

$1,000, $2,000 OR $5,000, OR MORE
PER YEAR keeping poultry by the PHILO SYSTEM. This can be accomplished because there is no longer
any guess-work about raising, keeping or selling poultry. Everything in connection with the work has been reduced
to a science and any one who will follow our system can succeed.

Others are succeeding in every state and their experience and success are fully explained in our NEW BOOK
entitled “MAKING POULTRY PAY.” It contains ninety-six pages of carefully written and selected matter of
immediate and permanent value to every poultry raiser, as well as numerous illustrations. We will mail you this book
for ten cents, in money or in stamps, to cover postage, just to show you some facts about the poultry business that you
have probably never dreamed of.

We also have a NEW PHILO SYSTEM text book three times the size of any former edition.

360 000 PERSONS have already purchased copies of former editions of the text book and
’ have paid $1.00 each for every copy. The new text book tells all about
how to do the work to secure such wonderful results. This book, with descriptions of appliances, and a right to make
and use them, will be mailed to you postage paid for $1.00. If ordered at once we will mail the two books,
“MAKING POULTRY PAY ” and the New Edition of the PHILO SYSTEM for only $1.00.
THE POULTRY REVIEW This is a monthly publication edited by the orignator
of the PHILO SYSTEM and an able staff of writers
made up of expert and practical poultrymen. This magazine is devoted exclusively to the idea of being immediately
helpful to its readers. Every article is prepared and edited with this idea as a prevailing one. On Sept. 14, 1911,
it had a sworn to, paid-in-advance, guaranteed circulation of 110,000 copies and is considered more valuable to the
Poultryman than all other poultry papers combined. The price is only $1.00 for one year’s subscription.

SPECIAL OFFER

Our New Book, “‘MAKING POULTRY PAY,”’ 96 pages, 10.c, “THE POULTRY REVIEW” 1.00, “
New Enlarged Edition of the ““PHILO SYSTEM BOOK,” $1.00. If POULTRY PAY,’ “‘PHILO SYSTEM BOOK” i three eRe
ordered at once, we will mail the two books for $1.00 for $1.50. :

E. R. PHILO, 2332 Lake Street, ELMIRA, N. Y.

The Scientific American Boy

12mo. 320 Pages. '340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid.

This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num-
ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment,

will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance
complete practical instructions are given for building the various
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc-
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents ; also
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves.
q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats,
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov-
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building,
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can-
tilever bridge, are described.

FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES

rise A SHETLAND PONY
and Sf is an unceasing source of

Keep a , pleasure. A safe and ideal
P 2 playmate. Makes the child
strong and of robust health.
= Highest type—complete out-
_fits—here. Inexpensive.
Wy Satisfaction guaranteed. Write
a/ tor illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Box 7 Markham, Va.

KILLED BY SCIENCE k
DANYSZ VIRUS isa
Bacteriological Preparation
AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse-
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75c; ordinary dwelling. 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
sq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00, Send now.
72 Front Street, New York

Independent Chemical Company

JUST PUBLISHED

THIRD EDITION OF

KIDDER’S
Churches » Chapels

By F. E. KIDDER, Architect

This edition has been thoroughly revised by
the author, and enlarged, many new designs
being added, including several new designs for
Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in
the text and more than 50 full-page plates.
The book contains a large number of plans and
perspectives of churches of varying costs. Be-
sides this there is much concise and practical in-
formation relating to planning and seating ;
details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation,
Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form

The Best American Book on
Church Design and Construction

One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00

MuwnN & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, N.Y. City

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN CUR PARK

| We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,

Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches, Orna-
mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good

| healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

January, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iti

large and preferably high enough so that

the wind will not blow directly on the fowls Plan your [rip 70 include d S/op-over at

when the curtains are open. Likewise, they YY)

should be designed to admit as much sun ¥ wf Wy
as possible, and the houses should always / 107 E/ ’ ( HAMBERI IN- yD myer i;

face the south. , We / en, Se
A shed-roof house for a small flock may 3 eGTT11:; } ae: a AE)
have the door placed in the middle of the At Old Point Comfc ort, Virgin la Joy RE Lo

front wall. This door may be a frame coy-
ered with muslin, and no windows will be

Going—Returning—North

needed. There should be a light inner door — South — East — West—
of poultry netting to confine the fowls On Business or Pleasure,
when the muslin-covered door is open. spend a few days here. It will break up the
Cloth windows give perfect ventilation. monotony of your trip, rest and refresh you.
They admit fresh air freely, but so slowly _Old Point Comfort is easily accessible from all
that jan: Fe \iheutch points. (Consult the map.) All railroads sell
at no dratts are created. en ey are tickets with stop-over privileges.
used the house is free of odors and damp- | Hotel Chamberlin is noted for its luxurious, yet
ness. There is no dead air and no frost. homelike appointments—its unique location—right at
: Hampton Roads and Fortress Monroe, in the center of
Hard to believe as the assertion may be, military and naval activitiesits historic surroundings
aes . p —its magnificent Sea an icinal Baths, Golf,
it is yet true that the house with cloth win- TSM REISE, Che, LEER aU Ts (EG ONENG
dows is not more than a degree or two aes Micon Neral conse testi ovetersiandiseatood trom
6 3 nearby waters, fresh vegetables from our Own gardens,
colder than one with glass windows ; be- Come—enjoy rest, recreation and
cause of the better quality of air, it really Fea SOUL Hai OSI al tym ate nis
feels warmer. Perhaps the idea was orig- CEI ET TICLE ILO TECHS
; = ; ing wlustrated booklets, apply at
a cee na to bowed eae io one Tourist Bipeen on Gee
who had observe at when dwe ings are Office or address me personally.
newly plastered the windows are covered GEO. F. ADAMS, Mer., Fortress Monroe, Va.
with muslin until the plaster has dried. The New Work Once i22 Broadvray

plan has proved so satisfactory to poul-
trymen, that a number of dairymen have

fitted lin- al si t f
dice stable winiows, comiterng tis | J f® fe fe A Book of Valuable Ideas
be an excellent solution of the much-dis- for Beautifying the Home
cussed ventilation question.
E will send you free of charge
our book ‘The Proper

Where large or continuous houses are
Treatment for Floors,

used, it is a good plan to have one long, up-

right glass window in each pen, to admit
Woodwork and _ Furniture,’’ two
sample bottles of. Johnson’s Wood

sunlight when it is desirable to keep the
muslin windows closed. While the cloth is

Dye and a sample of Johnson’s Pre-
pared Wax.

translucent and allows air to pass through
This text book of 50 pages is very

freely, it shuts out the direct rays of the
sun. When there is one long window of

_ attractive—80 illustrations—44 of them
in color.

glass, the sun is allowed to penetrate to the
rear of the house with its purifying rays,

The results of our expensive experi-
ments are given therein.

and makes it possible for the birds to bask
in it as soon a they are off the perches.
There is absolutely no similarity between

There is a considerable saving in first
cost when muslin is used instead of glass
in the poultry house, but the muslin will
need to be replaced oftener. After a time,

it will become too dirty to be used longer. J h > ] W.

The fact that muslin collects considerable d

dust and dirt is one argument used in.favor O nson S OO Dye
of the absolutely open-front house. It is a

good plan to brush off the curtains daily in
winter. In summer, they may be removed
entirely if desired.

Although fresh air is one of the secrets
of poultry-keeping, the house must be tight
everywhere except in front. Drafts must
be carefully avoided and the roof must not
leak. Fresh air does not imply a house with
gaping cracks in the walls. And yet a sin-
gle-boarded house is sufficient protection.
- At a recent test with three flocks of Leg-
horns, a house with double walls on two

Bete:
and “the -ordinary ~“staim.”’ Water ““stains”’ — Forartistic colorieg of all
Hise the wera eomathou wood. Oil stains’ | lace more
do not sink below the surface of the wood or ¥* 225 Zieh 008

bring out the beauty of the grain. Varnish %2 125 Mision Oat

C6 = 9 S No. 140 Early English
stains " are not stains at all, they are merely ¥2- 110 B04

, 3 No. 128 Light Mahogany
surface coatings which produce a cheap, shiny, %% 122 22”! Mahesany
painty finish. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye, Ne. 131 Brown Weathered Oak
It penetrates the wood; does not raise the 2 12)Mes Gren
grain; retains the high lights and brings out %*}2

the beauty of the wood. No.

sides, one with double walls on all sides, 9

and one with no double walls at all were ex- Jo h nson Ss P re Pp are d Wa aN
perimented with. The egg yield in the cold-

est house was slightly less than that in each will not scratch or mar. It should be applied with a cloth: dries instantly

of the others, but not enough so to war- —tubbing with a dry cloth gives a velvety protecting finish of great — 2
rant the more expensive building. The con- beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes. . OS
clusion arrived at was that a house for We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax aU as
poultry should be dry, free from drafts, at our expense, Fill out attached coupon being careful to specify mo) ss

well-lighted and thoroughly ventilated.
When those conditions have been’ secured,
other factors must be taken into considera-
tion when it comes to egg production.

In passing, one may suggest that there is
no more need of the prevalent ugly architec-
ture, or lack of architecture at all, in the
building of the poultry house. Like other
outbuildings, it should be and can be made
attractive and in harmony with its sur-
roundings, and that with very little or no
added expense.

the shades of dye wanted. We will mail you the booklet
and samples promptly, Do not pass this page until you have
mailed the coupon.

S. C. JOHNSON & SON

Racine, Wis.

““The Wood Finishing Authorities’’

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

A Cheap Way
To Get Good

Evergreen Trees

IG up the wild ones growing around the fields
D and move them to your grounds. We know
how to do it so they will go right on growing

as 1f nothing had happened.

If you haven’t them in your own fields they can
generally be bought most reasonably of your neigh-
bors. We will send you a skilled foreman, a man or
two and the necessary tools, and we can use your
horses or hire local teams. Your men can also add
their assistance if you wish to make a still quicker
job of it.

Right now, these winter months is the time to do

just this kind of work, and then when spring comes

there will be one less thing to bother you.

If you can’t get desirable wild trees we have a
nursery containing thousands in all sizes from 6 inches
up to 30 feet high. Fine, root-pruned, splendid
specimens, every one of them. Along with your
evergreens you may also want a fine full spreadi.g
maple, a shapely linden, or one of our graceful
limbed pin oaks; and while you are arranging for the
evergreens you can also select these trees tor early
spring planting. Come to the nursery and select
them yourself. That’s the best way. If you can't,
we will give you every attention by mail. But don’t
put it off-—that’s the point. Send for catalog now.

On, Westbury, L. I.

ore af aes
is a
ihasen

WOLFF PLUMBING GooDs

IFTY-SEVEN YEARS OF QUALITY |

These buildings ranging from the modest residence to the imposing office building and mammoth

hotel, have been chosen at random from those put into commission during the past twelve months in
the different cities of the United States and represent a fair selection from the many examples of
Architectural Art. In all of these the far-seeing architect has specified and the discriminating

builder has accepted Wolff’s Goods as embodying all the desirable features of modern plumbing
backed by the reputation cf Fifty-seven Years of Quality.

| L. Wolff Manufacturing Company

MANUFACTURERS OF

PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY

THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE MADE BY ANY ONE FIRM

General Office

Trenton, N. J.

Omaha, Neb.
Minneapolis, Minn.

SA Sa ee

601-627 W. Lake St., Chicago

St. Louis, Mo.
San Francisco, Cal.

Showrooms

111 N. Dearborn St., Chicago

Denver, Colo.

Branch Offices:

Cleveland, Ohio Kansas City, Mo,
Washington, D. C. Cincinnati, Ohio

Buffalo, N. Y.
Dallas, Texas

THE SCOTTISH DEERHOUND
By T. C. TURNER

F the aristocrats of the canine race
O there are none of them more worthy of
this distinction than the Scottish Deerhound.
Here we have one of the oldest known dogs,
valued most highly and kept extensively in
the early days. Yet for a period the breed
dropped almost into obscurity. I am glad
to say that of late years his rising popularity
bids fair to make him as well known and
as much sought after as he deserves. The
canvases painted by Sir Edwin Landseer
have done much to make him famous. They
show him in every variety of attitude, for
the great artist has many times depicted the
Scottish Deerhound as sharing the sorrows
as well as the pleasures of his master. He
was frequently part of the falconry equip-
ment ot the old barons, and history records
him as having often been the companion of
kings and emperors. A particularly fine
breed of Scottish Deerhounds existed in the
kennels at Windsor Castle, and were most
highly esteemed by the late Queen Victoria.
In the early days, deer-stalking was the
sport of princes, and, as the name implies,
the Deerhound was used for tracking and
running down such game. But later, when
deer became fewer in Scotland and Eng-
land, it was only natural that the Deerhounds
should become less popular than they had
been in days of old. In general appearance
the Deerhound is of the Greyhound type,
but of stronger and heavier build. His coat
is harsh and wiry, varying in length from
one to three inches, and his best color is
what might be called a blue-brindle. The
average dog stands between twenty-eight
and thirty inches high. In disposition he is
gentle, affectionate, obedient and faithful,
dignified in appearance, and a good guard.
In fact, he is all that could be desired for a
companion and pet, especially so where
space will permit the keeping of such a dog,
for with him, as with all dogs of his size,
they should only be kept where free access
to at least a large lawn can be had. Their
long limbs preclude them from being kept
where the smaller breeds, such as toys or
even terriers, will do well. The Deerhound
should have a long body and muscular
shoulders, a larger and coarser head than
the Greyhound, with larger and more power-
ful jaws, made more striking by the coarse
hair covering them. There should be no
fullness of jaw below the eyes. The nose
should be black, the ears small, carried a
trifle high and coated with a fine short soft
hair. The eyes hazel or blue, although a
recent English winner has unusual eyes that
almost match the color of the coat. The
neck should be long, but of good strength.
The chest deep and a little wider than that
of the Greyhound. The loins powerful, the
legs straight and bony. The feet longer or
less cat-like than those of the Greyhound,
and strong in bone, to enable him to stand
rough travel. The color varies—fawns,
grizzly and brindle, but the darker shades
are preferable. There should be no sign of
white upon the body. However, a small
white star on the chest is not a defect. The
Deerhound should also possess the faculty

of tracking by scent, as well as by sight.
There is, perhaps, no breed of dog more
in keeping with the landscape of the wooded
estate than the Deerhound. He seems to
belong to oak forests and just the sort of
animal one would choose for a home in the
woodland. He is, too, an excellent type to
select in the choice of a single dog for the
small place, that is to say for the country
home which contains enough area to give
him a spot to romp in but which, perhaps,
is not of sufficient extent to make the keep-

ing of many dogs advisable or desirable.

January, 1912

TREATING INTERIOR WOODWORK
By GEORGE E. WALSH
| Cae necessity of using cheaper woods
to-day in place of hard varieties for
the interior finish of our houses has de-
veloped the art of staining and varnishing
so that beautiful effects in grain can be
obtained with satisfying results. In the
hands of the novice, these woods can be
made to yield a durable and artistic finish
that was quite beyond our forefathers. In
order to obtain the best effects, however,
the woods must be classified and be
treated differently. Not all soft woods
will take stains alike, or at least not the
common kinds of stains.

For instance, mahogany stain should
not be used on such woods as oak, ash or
chestnut. These woods have too pro-
nounced a grain and characteristics to
give good results with mahogany stain.
But birch, cherry, pine or whitewood take
the rich red-brown and lighter shades of
mahogany with gratifying results. The
surface can be polished to a semigloss
finish or the dull natural finish, so that a
good imitation of the mahogany wood is
obtained. In the semigloss finish an ef-
fect is obtained that resembles the waxed
and hand-polished old mahogany of old
days, and it can be wiped off with a damp
cloth without injuring the gloss. Ma-
hogany stain finish can be successfully
used with hazel, spruce, gumwood, Wash-
ington fir and California redwood. Hazel
wood, which is quite inexpensive in some
localities, can be stained a beautiful gray
or moss-green color, and with a rich
brown stain it greatly resembles Circas-
sian walnut.

Cypress is a common wood now for in-
terior finish, but, like ash, chestnut and
bass, it lends itself beautifully to weath-
ered effects. Time and exposure tend to

The Ideal Home Country

lies in the wide territory traversed by the Southern Ry. System.
From the high lands of the Appalachians, with their dry, healthy
climate, to the Piedmont section, with its heavy yielding lands,
on to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, where every crop thrives—
somewhere in this broad territory you can find a place just
suited to your needs and means, Land prices range from
15 to $50 per acre. The first year’s crop often more
an returns the purchase price. A\ll grasses, grains, fruits and
vegetables known to the temperate zone thrive in the Southeast.
Alfalfa grows nearly everywhere—4 to 6 tons per acre not un-
common—$15 to $22 per ton paid locally. Apple orchards
net $100 to $500 an acre. Truck gardening yields $200 to
$400 per acre—everything else in proportion. The Southeast
is the farmer’s paradise. We have booklets giving full in-
formation of conditions in each Southeastern State. Address

M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent,
Southern Railway, Room 4, Washington, D. C.

Do You Want To Sell

A Building Lot

A House
A Farm or
-An Estate?

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

a You can find that

Country Place

o or Estate
(Shore or Inland)

you have been seeking

ez Every courtesy and all pains taken to
assist in your selection.

aurence Timmons

Opposite R. R. Station
Telephone 456 Greenwich, Conn.

@ An Advertisement in “American Homes &
Gardens“ new Advertising Section “The
Real Estate Mart’’

produce a mild change in color effects.
and, taking advantage of this, a little stain

or plain varnish treatment will greatly
improve its appearance. By using light
shades of brown on such woods, varying
tints which help to intensify the grain
will harmonize beautifully. Cypress wood
contains a great quantity of resin and
methylene, and some good liquid filler is
needed over the coat of stain to seal the
grain. Otherwise the resin will exude
at times and thus spoil the finish. The
stain is applied first so that it will dye the
wood, and then the filler seals the grain
and prepares a smooth surface for the fin-
ishing coats of stain or varnish. The use
of fillers is sometimes of great value in
treating woods. Some of the very open-
grain woods are much better for a coat of
filler first, and again the stain is used first
to secure a dull or natural finish.

Ash is a wood susceptible of many dif-
ferent kinds of artistic treatment. A
beautiful antique appearance with it can
be produced by applying a dull brown
stain and filling the grain with copper-
green pigments. In imitation of old wood,
weathered and saturated with salt water,
ash is sometimes treated with a black

stain and a gray filler. A coat of varnish |

rubbed down to a dull finish follows.
Maple is a wood that takes the soft
green and silver-gray stains to perfection.
This wood is susceptible to a high polish,
and gives better effects in this way than
with a dull finish. Bass or whitewood is
used freely for interior home work of all
kinds, and it shows well under mahogany
or any of the dark stains; but it is a wood
that shrinks and checks considerably in
the drying, and unless well-seasoned tim-
ber is used the results will be very disap-
pointing. Beechwood is also a poor one

Will Be Read by People Who Want

TO BUY!

PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED

Rates of Advertising on Request
Address: “The Real Estate Mart”

oe AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS

361 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

| aa 3 E

"THE most modern, and best illuminating and

: cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.
Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee

to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner —also makes brilliant illumination. IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price

Better than City Gas or Eleo-
Liberal Terms

tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

An Unteaally Chamning

Florida Home

On shores of finest inland Jake in the
orange belt, connected with the ocean.
Forty acre place, 15 acres fine bear-
ing orange and grapefruit grove, great
variety original forest trees, with lawn
and gardens on lake front. Large ten-
room house, bath and attic, large barn,
gardener’s lodge and packing house.

Write owner—H. G. HUBBARD
Crescent City

ea 8
Cheaper and more durable than wood; for Lawns, Churches, Cemeteries,
Public Grounds. Ornamental Wire Fence, Farm and Poultry Fence.
Catalog free. Ask for Special Gifer.

THE WARD FENCE Co. Box 991, DECATUR, IND.

Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE

& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
AWN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

he) le

Vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1912

Ts]

rc pa

TTT
———
eR Nh
y

= HUPP-YEATS

ee ie eee "ELECTRIC. COACH 0" 223215 =

66 A REVIVAL of the golden age in coach building.”” So writes a well-known critic in speaking of the Hupp-Yeats. And ~
in truth no monarch in state procession, no courtly retinue, ever rode in greater luxury, greater elegance and greater ease z i
than is exhibited in these late Hupp- Yeats models. SPAN A i litokalh

But the Hupp- Yeats design, low-hung, safe and easy to enter or leave, represents the first adaptation of coach construction to 5 OEY
modern needs. In mediaeval times coach bodies were swung high, because even in the large cities the streets were mere seas of
mud often over the hubs. Modern coach-builders followed this design blindly. And on the smooth streets of a modern
city it looked awkward and stilted, was dangerously liable to skid, and was difficult of ingress or egress.

The Hupp-Yeats with its low-hung body, is the ideal twentieth-century town car. The low center of gravity makes
skidding, swerving or overturning a practical impossibility, and it is as easy to enter or leave as to step from one room to another.
Women with memories of torn skirt-hems and sprained ankles will appreciate this feature.

“ROYAL” and “IMPERIAL” Limousine (shown above). A five-passenger, fore-door car—all passengers facing
forward. The most superb electric coach in finish and appointments ever produced. Both models identical, except that the
“Royal” offers a choice of any domestic upholstery and in the “Imperial” this choice is extended to include the richest imported
tapestries or leathers.

“ROYAL” $4,500 “IMPERIAL” $5,000

“De Luxe’’ Coupe (shown below). Ass supreme in the four-passenger coupe class as are the other two models among limousines.
Highest quality Morocco leather or French tapestry upholstering, with specially designed laces. Metal body parts and trimmings

‘old- lated.
Sgt “DE LUXE” COUPE $4,000
Other models $3,000, $2,500 and $1,750.

Full line of Hupp-Yeats Models on exhibition at Booth B, Automobile Show, Grand Central Palace, New York City,
January 10 to 17, and at Chicago.

HUPP CORPORATION, 7° Setcie Mihigan

Distinct from and having no connection whatever with Hupp Motor Car Co.

BRANCHES :—Boston, 563 Boyleston Street; Buffalo, 1225 Main Street; Cleveland, 2122 Euclid Avenue;
Chicago, 2021 Michigan Avenue; Denver, 1520 Broadway; Detroit, Woodward and Warren
Avenues; Kansas City, 1301 Main Street; Los Angeles, 816 So. Olive Street; Minneapolis,
1334 Nicollet Avenue; New York, 1989 Broadway; Philadelphia, 330 No. Broad Street;
Atlanta, 548 Peachtree Street.

= sa
tt

“ Ga Wy

4HOMES AND GARDENS ,

GONE POR JANUARY, 1912

PORMCOROn MEE eH OUSE-ORNCARTETON MACY, HSQ. 2.050 oe. de 0k eens oes Frontispiece
PLONE STAND aC OW NDRYMILOUSES cae oh i. dc kee eee Slee By Robert Leonard Ames 3
ERVIRISEMENG Ae HOUSE ERORG 15 OOO% vic gn cciale gos rons Sik sle st ne ole os By Esther Singleton 7
EAC SE MED AE UUSMERG STORY te oh. 25 ies Fark naiele ele ee lob By Henry Morton Blake 11
rip OUSP ell ARDWARE sce. 01 iss tas akhee ie adv ale By Rossiter M. Lenbach 14
PU NGEVORENEGIUAS | EUWIRONTSIERUNGSie copes... s.2 oly sated Slsce elie eos oo tate By Howard V. Bowen 15
5 CSTETT VA TEILTD LS UANICILV AROS 0 Stork Rae Rei en ee mr one rn a a a 18-19

POP RGRE PSHE ORT UNDOORSHe te: ale so clan olen tee he aoe ad Se eae es By Gardner Teall 23

LETTING VIB AOI IES dG syca ele) ois ee ce acne en By George Leland Hunter 25
“TTT: LEG ANTS? (GON A aoe Gee Ben a nM gen Perea eee By R. M. Gow 29
WITHIN THE House—Unity in Interior Decoration........... By Harry Martin Yeomans 31
ROUNDER GARDEN —Writhethe New Year hic! oi. 8c. wees Fem eee ee ce leg os 33
HeE.Lps To THE HousEwlFE—Concerning the Breakfast............ By Elizabeth Atwood 35

Warm vs. Cold Poultry-Houses. New Books. The Editor's Note Book.

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH FR
President MeEUUNeENe é 1G Or Inc. Secretary and Treasurer Ca
Publishers Sa

361 Broadway, New York

Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries,
$4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens”
and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year.

[ebenoogocento|foogecr fol [O) ft canafpooco fat noo ocento| REE) LOSS

under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘“American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself

responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted
EES) 7
eS) \

ips

C. Turner

-
a)
>
s
N
>
i)
owt
S
=>
a
~

av,
_
G
=
Zz
no}
=
oS
i,
—
oo
S
}
=]
aS
_—
ae
>
a6
—
3
lop
wn
ea]
>
(3)
S
=
3
i}
oO
ae
3S
O
—
°
oO
n
3
3
a)
oO
aa
—_—
an
3
Oo
oO
“Da
vo
(S}
[=
3
5
S
vo
oO
8p
3
say
_
3
1S}
o
co
==]
—
°
°
(3)
5
_
3)
2.
o
#

RAEN AINE CAAA LT

e cst: oe
Pay

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

A Long Island

amuany,. 192

Country House

The Home of Carleton Macy, Esq., Hewlett, New York

By Robert Leonard Ames
Photographs by T. C. Turner

g| HERE are few architectural styles better
suited to eastern landscape requirements
than the Italian, or adaptations of it, for the
country house of goodly proportions.
Whether upon a hillside, as with the villas
of Campania or of Tuscany, or in the plains,
as with the villas of Lombardy, there is always an oppor-
tunity to make the Italian style effective in any setting. In
fact, is has often been said that domestic Italian architecture,
a heritage from Roman times, belongs distinctly to country
living, and that despite the buildings of Italian cities being
crowded together, that this is one of the reasons Italian

towns always retain the aspect of much that is rural and
even rustic, whether it be Rome, Naples, Florence or
Milan.

The country estate of Carleton Macy, Esq., at Hewlett,
Long Island, New York, is adorned with an excellent ex-
ample of the adaptation of the Italian style to the require-
ments of American living, as one may discover by a study
of the house designed for Mr. Macy by Messrs. Albro and
Lindeberg, architects, New York. The countryside of the
south shore of Long Island is, for the main part, flat, well-
wooded here and there, and outlined by bays, lagoons and
other inlets that provide easy access to the water and attord

—s
——=

i a
Ww
w
ri
.
i
1

This view shows the facade fronting the uncompleted lawn, and it presents a remarkably fine example of unusually successful fenestration

4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1912

Ree By

The carriage entrance side of the house of Carleton Macy, Esq., Hewlett, Long Island, New York. The grounds as they are seen in the late Fall

lovely views of the sea. Hewlett is one of the very attrac-
tive spots not far from the Great South Bay, and some of
the loveliest homes in the country are to be found there.

The house we are describ-
ing is set within ample
grounds, and although the il-
lustrations that accompany
this article have been taken
in the late Fall in order to
disclose the architectural de-
tail, one can easily supply by
imagination the effect that
the trees and shrubbery and
vines in leaf add much to the
charm of the place. Never-
theless, where we have long
stretches of Winter, bereft
of blossom and verdure, it is
a happy thought to take ac-
count of the effect the house
is to have these gray days, as
have Messrs. Albro and
Lindeberg, who have planned
the house along lines de-
signed to make one feel that
it is as attractive in mid-
Winter as it may be in mid-
Summer. Indeed, this is an
example that might well be
followed, for the instances
are not rare of the country-
house that presents a de-
lightful aspect in Summer,
but which is forbidding in its
appearance of an almost feu-
dal barrenness in Winter-
time. This house is planned,

BS SSA: VG

The plastered soffits and two-story circular bay form particular features

of this interesting Long Island house

AMY “y SOME ix.

as a place of its very dignified character should be, with
two fronts—one facing the roadway and having the carriage
entrance, and the garden side fronting the great lawn. The

stucco walls are completely
in harmony with the sur-
roundings, which are, as yet,
not fully planted, although
the work of lawn and gar-
den-making will be rapidly
advanced this coming season
to bring the house into even
a more beautiful setting than
that afforded by the natural
state of the site.

The north point, contain-
ing the main or carriage en-
trance to the house, is
charmingly frank and simple
in its lines. The entrance
portico itself is particularly
beautiful, and suggests the
portico of certain old houses
in Charleston and in Savan-
nah, by reason of its Doric
columns and the arrange-
ment of the glass over-door
panels. The portico floor is
of brick laid in wide white
joints, and on each side of
the three steps lifting one to
it is an old Italian terra-
cotta oil jar. The front
which faces the lawn is
planned with great care and
presents an appearance of
unusual dignity. The win-
dows are so designed as to

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ee es

The beautiful terrace-roofed piazza leading from the den and from the living-room at the west end of the house, is one of sterling dignity

afford a flood of light to the interior, and although French placed and give emphasis to the pleasing symmetry of the

windows are here combined with others they are all kept
harmonious in their proportions and the same in design.

The windows of the upper
floor form an unbroken
line, one of the best ex-
amples of successful fenes-
tration in a house of this
sort which the writer has
seen. The loggia and per-
gola extend the apparent
width of the house, and the
roof, with its careful re-
straint of line, completes the
design of this distinctly indi-
vidual and beautiful country-
house.

The area covered by the
house is so ample that all
service quarters are arranged
upon the two main floors.
This makes unnecessary the
use of the garret space for
service quarters, and this has
enabled the architects to de-
sign the broad low-pitched
roof of unbroken horizontal
lines seen from the south
front of the house. The roof
of the north front of the
house is less formal in its
plan. The chimneys are well
designed and suggest those
the traveler in Umbria con-
stantly sees throughout the
countryside. They are well

Detail of the pillars of the spacious piazza at the north end of the house

roof, whose amply broad overhang affords deep soffts, up
to which the shuttered windows of the second floor extend.

From the portico on the
north, one enters the house
through a vestibule, coming
intoahall. Directly in front,
doorways lead to the living-
room and to the dining-
room, with a doorway to the
den directly on the right, and
the stairway and entrance to
the service-wing upon the
left. A good-sized lavatory
occupies the space under the
stairway, and is reached by
a couple of descending steps.
The entire plan of the house
shows the careful thought
given to the matter of utiliz-
ing every square foot of
space by the architects, who
have shown good taste and
ingenuity in their task, for,
after all, one is not confused
by innumerable turnings and
twistings and _ unexpected
doors and passageways. [The
entire plan is what one might
term straightforwardly ob-
vious and harmoniously sim-
ple. The large living-room,
occupying the southeast cor-
ner of the house, is thoroughly
homelike, as a living-room
ought to be, and, like the

6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

Dining-room, showing screened service entrance and entrance to the
breakfast-room

spacious den on the northwest corner, connected with it by
a door, it opens upon a loggia, whose floor is flagged with
quarries and whose terrace-roof is supported by Doric
columns, forming an immense outdoor room for Summer
use, and yet so designed that it is an architectural adornment
to the house at any time, and never appears to have been
merely dictated by utility. Glass doors give access to den,
living-room and dining-room, all in excellent proportion.
There are generous fireplaces in the den, in the dining-room
and in the breakfast-room, which opens out of the last
and occupies the southeast corner of the house, the windows
of which flood it with morning sunlight.

The dining-room is one of the finest rooms in the house,
of goodly proportions and simple dignity and in exquisite
taste. The white paneled walls are especially noteworthy,
and the fine pieces of old furniture resting upon the beauti-
ful rug lend a warmth to the scheme of the room. ‘This
room is illuminated by side lights and candles, and these
lights have been carefully placed with reference to securing
just the proper illumination a room of this sort requires.
Moreover, this scheme of lighting apparently tends to in-
crease the size of the room. ‘The service entrance to the
dining-room has been skillfully worked out, and while giving
ready access for prompt service, it occupies an unobtrusive
corner of the room and is concealed by a great three-paneled
screen. Directly in front of this service door is the long
butler’s pantry, the door to the right leading past the service-
stairs into a large kitchen. Beyond this is the laundry,
while the northeast corner of the service-wing is occupied
by the service-porch. The cellar runs the length of the
house and is one of its most carefully planned features, being

Dining-room, showing entrance to the living-room and closed doorway

to the hall

unusually well lighted and well ventilated. One should note
the clever treatment of the service extension, which has its
south wall covered with trellis-work, giving it a pergola-
arbor effect that balances the loggia at the west end of
the house.

Few houses of any size have embodied so many excellent
features as has this one in the plan of its second story, where,
without any sacrifice to design, the architects have succeeded
in carrying out a plan that ensures comfort and every con-
venience both in the family and in the service sections of
this story. The unusual amount of space at command en-
abled the architects to provide for all the sleeping-rooms to
be placed on one floor. Here one finds five large bedrooms
for the family, all with adjacent baths, and three bedrooms
in the service-wing. ‘The largest of the sleeping-rooms has
also a dressing-room forming its suite, and a great open
fireplace, while its south wall is formed by the semicircle of
the second-story bay, with five windows. ‘This room, in
common with all the rooms on the floor, is furnished in
excellent taste, and the cheeriness of the sleeping-rooms
lends much charm to the house. From all these rooms one
commands beautiful views of the surroundings.

It is fortunate that in the work of the architects of Mr.
Macy’s house they have had the satisfaction of seeing its
beauty further enhanced by the good taste that has been
exercised throughout in the selection and arrangement of
its furnishings, and that the result has been not only a
beautiful house upon beautiful lines, but one whose interior
carries out the promise of its exterior. Here the dignity
and charm of a country home is complete and satisfying,
with a beauty which will grow with each passing year.

The living-room, showing entrance to the hall

The large sleeping-room, showing circular bay

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

—_ iy

FELLA
SS LLY AD BD 1 DL

‘ame cy gs AE BT)
AED A OPAL CSB

EG Bi) 2S 2 SE ET
ARS GE LET ED LED BY SE LS REE

This type of house, presenting so delightfully homelike and artistic an exterior, leads one to expect to find it equally attractive within doors

Furnishing a House for $1,000

By Esther Singleton
Photographs by T. C. Turner and others

one requiring careful
thought and planning.
The reader will find
illustrated above, the
exterior of a charm-
ing little house in the
suburbs, which is so
delightful in this
aspect that one is led
to expect an equally
attractive _ interior.
How to go about to
furnish such a house
to make it so, and to
keep well within the
thousand-dollar limit,
is the problem here
discussed.

In the first place, it
is probable that a
house of this sort will

First - floor
house that

plan
may

Porch
Cement Floor

furnished for $1,000

pEG)|F course, it is easy to furnish a six- or eight-
i4|| room house comfortably for $1,000, if one
disregards the matter of careful selection for
thoroughly harmonious results, but to make
such a house artistic and individual with this
appropriation is a more dificult problem, and

of
be

have floors of polished and waxed hardwood already laid,

builder’s, and not furnishing, items, being included in the

contractor’s specifications.

Furthermore, let us assume that

the windows have been supplied with roller shades and with
awnings, and that our furnishing estimate is to exclude rugs,
wall-paper, and hearth furnishings, as well as the laundry

fittings.

These ought all to be considered by themselves,

being such variable quantities, and the reader will find many

Second-floor plan of
house that may be
furnished for $1,000

valuable hints on the
choice of rugs and
their prices in the De-
cember, IQII, issue
of AMERICAN HoMEs
AND GARDENS.

Let us assume that
the chosen house is
finished in woodwork
painted white. Noth-
ing is of more im-
portance to good fur-
nishing than the ap-
pearance of the win-
dows, both within and
without. Fresh, crisp
muslin or lace cur-
tains proclaim good
housekeeping. There
is no excuse for not
having every window

properly adorned, for there are many inexpensive and attrac-
and that all the painting has been done, as these are usually tive materials of good quality always in the market. In any

city, curtains can, of course, be purchased ready-made.

8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Fancy muslin curtains, plain
or ruffled, in white or in col-
ors, come to between one dol-
lar and a dollar and a half a
pair; white Swiss, printed
Swiss, organdie and scrim
can be purchased for as little
as twelve and a half cents a
yard, and fancy netting for
long windows, or for case-
ments, at from one dollar
and a half to two dollars a
pair.

But first of all let us take
a preliminary survey at the
division in the distribution
of the funds we have set
aside to provide furnishings.
The following estimate will
show us at a glance the totals requisite for this purpose:

First FLOOR: Living-room, $280.50; dining-room,
$250.00; kitchen, $25.00; hall, $15.00. SECOND FLOOR:
Bedroom No. 1, $125.00; bedroom No. 2, $144.50; bed-
room No. 3, $52.00; hall, $4.00. Tor rLroor: Bedroom
No. 4, $39.00. Miscellaneous (not itemized), $65.00.
Total, $1,000.00. The unitemized miscellaneous amount
can be applied, of course, to bathroom fittings, etc., items not
included in the whole estimate.

Let us first take the ground floor into consideration. The
living-room has, as the reader will see

Figured cretonnes.

by the plan, five windows—one looking
out upon the veranda, two at the back, § aby
and one on either side of the fireplace.
Although we use the term somewhat
freely in covering the intended furnish-
ings for this room, we shall call it the
Jacobean Room, for, although it cannot
be strictly that, it will be more nearly
Jacobean in effect than anything else, by
reason of the draperies and upholsteries.
A beautiful and effective pattern of
fabric shows large birds amidst leaves
and flowers, the colors being beautiful subdued greens and
blues, and this we shall use to upholster two Queen Anne
chairs and a comfortable stuffed sofa of the same design,
and also for the curtains, that should hang on rings in
straight widths and folds. The pattern is so handsome that
these need neither festoons nor borders. Although they are
of block print and of cotton, and would be out of place in a
city drawing-room, in a simple country or suburban living-
room they will prove very effective. These, with the muslin
under-curtains for the five windows, will come to around
sixty dollars. We —

have two upholstered *
high-back armchairs, &
two cane-seated and
cane - backed arm-
chairs with oak
frames, and a two-
back or a three-back
oak settee with cane
seat and cane panels
in the back, and one
upholstered sofa. The
floor will look best
with a covering of
gray or with an Ori-
ental rug. The walls
should be papered
with a plain gray

The upper pattern is for the Rose Room, and the
lower is suggested for the Peacock Room

Another attractive patterned cretonne

I pee ME f are, 2
This is the striking fabric selected for the Jacobean living-room

January, 1912

English cartridge paper, run-
ning up to the molding below
the tinted coved ceiling. The
library table, with its lamp
and books, and the logs
brightly burning on brass
andirons, will give the proper
cozy and hospitable welcome
to the man of the house after
his long day in the city.
Vases, pots of flowers, and
bric-a-brac can be arranged
on the top shelf. Silk cur-
tains of green or blue, match-
ing either of the colors in the
window curtains, and moving
easily on rings, will protect
the books and add a nice
touch of color. For the
major fitting of this living-room, let us make an allowance
divided as follows:

LIVING-ROOM: Oak settee, $48.00; 2 oak armchairs,
$46.00; 2 Queen Anne armchairs, upholstered, $50.00;
sofa, $50.00; library table, $24.00; muslin curtains, $7.50;
Jacobean print window curtains, $55.00. Total, $280.50.

We will assume that the dining-room has rough walls
tinted yellow. The table and chairs and buffet chosen are
of the Sheraton style, simple and elegant in lines. The cur-
tains for this room may be cream or écru fishnet fabric, and
a good floor rug, preferably an Oriental,
will make a feature distinctly pleasing.
The broad window-shelves have made
possible, indoor plants that will lend a
note both of color and of homelikeness.
We will assume that the major furnish-
ings for the dining-room are to cost as
follows:

DINING-ROOM: Mahogany dining
table (48-inch), $50.00; mahogany buf-
fet, $85.00; 6 Sheraton chairs, at $9.75
each, $58.50; 2 Sheraton armchairs, at
$13.50 each, $27.00; serving table:
$25.00; window curtains, $4.50. Total, $250.00.

The kitchen can be adequately furnished for $25.00, in-
cluding all utensils. Many of the big shops supply itemized
lists. It is well to remember that a floor covering of blue-
and-white oilcloth makes a more cheerful and attractive
kitchen than one with a floor covering of brown or mixed
colors, and blue ware should also be selected. Of course,
the range will be in the house already, coming under the
other building estimates.

The hall should have a small rug, of course, and curtains
_ at the front doom
= lace, of net, or of silk,
of red, old rose, sage
green or yellow. A
china jar umbrella-
stand can be pur-
chased for very little,
and a box settle, with
a seat that lifts up, is
very practical in such
a place. Ina shadowy
spot behind the stairs
a row of hooks will
be found to be very
useful.

The upstairs hall,
being very small, will
give us little trouble.

January, 1912

Sects.

Settee, armchair and chair of this sort will cost under $80

A rag rug, a fresh muslin curtain at the window and a small
wicker table for the emergency candlesticks, that should al-
ways stand upon it with a matchsafe, are all that we really
need. We may estimate these furnishings as follows:

LOWER HALL: Settee, $10.00; door curtains, $2.50; um-
brella jar, $2.50. Total, $15.50. UPPER HALL: Curtain at
window, $1.00; small table (wicker), $3.00. Total, $4.00.

Now for the bedrooms. Room No. 1, over the living-
room, also contains five windows and a fireplace. This room
could be handsomely fitted up with mahogany and old
rose. It would be a pleasant task to search for “Colonial”
furniture and discover a high-
post bedstead in some out-of-
the-way place at one time; a :
tall, high case of drawers RY my
with brass handles and key- | Na
plates in another; a few | | X XA
Chippendale ladder - backed
chairs on another occasion,
and to bring home a tip-and-
turn tea-table for a mere
song; but, if we have not
time to wait for opportunity,
a very good suite of furniture
can be had for a small price,
in dull mahogany or quar-
tered oak polished. We will
allow for this room the fol-
lowing amounts:

BEDROOM NO. I—OLD-
ROSE ROOM: Bed, $35.00;
chiffonier, $36.00; dressing
table, $22.00; muslin cur-
tains, $5.00; old-rose lambrequin, $15.00; three wicker
chairs, $9.00; small wicker table, $3.00. Total, $125.00.

In place of the dressing table one might substitute a wicker
desk and table. The desk would cost $14.00 and the chair
to match $7.50. [hat would leave a credit of 50 cents to
add to the miscellaneous total. For the wall-paper of this
room, a warm fawn color brightened with a gold frieze
would be appropriate, or a frieze of pink roses, or any
other pink flower.

Room No. 2 is the “Peacock Room.” The wall-paper
is cream with frieze of peacocks, and the floor is covered

Sheraton dining chairs

AMERICAN HOMES AND

A light table desk and chair of willow furniture is appropriate as part of
the furnishings for a dainty bedroom

Sheraton buffet

GARDENS 9

The furniture is
white enamel and wicker painted white, and the chair-
cushions and window draperies are of chintz of quaint de-

with a square rug of plain peacock blue.

sign. It is white, and the birds and flowers blue, red and
green, with a little touch here and there of yellow.

The bedstead is white enamel, with cane panels in the
headboard and footboard; the dressing table is also white
enamel, with a glass slab; we have one wicker armchair,
also painted white, and a big wing chair upholstered with
the peacock cretonne. A small wicker table stands by the
bedside and utility boxes in the two windows. The estimate
for this rooms is as follows:

ROooM NO. 2— PEACOCK
ROOM: Bedstead, $40.00;
dressing table, $55.00; wing
chair with peacock cushions,
$25.00; one wicker arm-
chair, peacock cushions,
$6.00; small wicker table,
$3.00; two utility boxes cov-
ered with matting, serving as
window-seats, $1.25 each,
$2.50; two pairs muslin half-
sash curtains, $1.00 per pair,
$2.00; curtains of peacock
print, 98c. a yard, $12.00.
Total, $144.50.

The material selected for
Room No. 3 is equally attrac-
tive. The roses are not pink,
as might be expected, but are
violet. This material is the
same price as the ‘‘Peacock”’
drapery, and can be washed. The ‘Violet Rose’? Room
contains two windows, and these can be draped with pretty
muslin curtains and above them a deep ruffle of the cretonne.
The curtains should only come to the top of the sill, as the
windows are furnished with utility boxes. The one wicker
armchair is painted pale violet to match the cretonne, and
is supplied with cretonne cushions, and a small rush-bot-
tomed rocking chair is made comfortable with a cushion
of catawba-colored silk. The wicker table at the side of
the bed is also painted violet. A bedstead and a chiffonier
complete the furniture of this room, which is as follows:

Table on Sheraton lines

10 AMERICAN

An inexpensive but tastefully furnished bedroom

Bed, $16.00; chiffonier, $15.00; one wicker chair with
cretonne cushions, $6.00; one small rocking-chair with cush-
ions of catawba silk, $4.00; one wicker table, $3.00; two
muslin window curtains, $2.00; cretonne cornice ruffle for
windows, $2.00; two utility window-box seats, $2.00 each,
$4.00. Total, $52.00.

Room No. 4, a little room with one window, we shall
arrange for a child, selecting a cheerful design in cretonne,
such as apple blossoms, daisies or butterflies, and calling it
by the name of the “‘Apple Blossom Room,” or the ‘Daisy
Room,” or the “Butterfly Room.”

The cretonne will be used to drape the window and for
cushions for the chairs, which consist of a small armchair
and a small rocking chair. A little table or child’s desk is a
necessity. [here should be a chiffonier—a small one—and
a pretty bed, both of white enamel. A white enamel bed,
with cane or picture panel, is listed at $12.00, and a very
attractive way to fill the panel would be by placing in it two
or three of Kate Greenaway’s pictures. It would be a never-
ceasing pleasure to the child if Kate Greenaway’s books,
“Under the Window,” ‘Marigold Garden,” ‘‘The Pied

Piper,” etc., were purchased and the pictures cut out and
p p p

used as a frieze for this room. The remainder of the pic-
tures could be framed and hung upon the wall.

RooM NO. 4—CHILD’s ROOM: Child’s bed, white enamel,
$12.00; chiffonier, $10.00; one small rocking chair, $2.00;
one small armchair, cushioned like window, $2.00; one
utility box window-seat, $1.50; one little table, $2.00; drap-
ery for window, $2.00; three Kate Greenaway books, $1.50

Queen Anne sofa should be especially upholstered in selected fabrics

HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

Various types of chairs, excellent in design and moderate in cost

each, $4.50, and framing pictures taken from them, $3.00.
Total, $39.00. One must remember that there are few per-
sons who go about furnishing a house completely to the
minutest detail, from cellar to garret, at one time, and this
estimate neither pretends nor is expected to be one inclusive
of everything, from lares and penates, to china upon the
table. However, such an estimate as has here been pre-
sented ought to prove useful to the homemaker who has a
problem of furnishing in mind and desires some basis on
which to work, either toward evolving a plan for a more
elaborate expenditure or for economizing by bringing this
estimate lower where necessity requires it, and careful shop-
ping, guided by good taste, makes it possible to do so. It
is hoped that the various hints contained in this article will
prove of service to the American homemaker of moderate
means, and also be a reliable guide to the inexperienced.

Queen Anne armchair and side chair, to be upholstered like the sofa

January, 1912

The Colonial portico possesses a classical dignity, but does not take away from the exterior the homelike appearance that is its great charm

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS II

A House [That Tells Its Story

The Home of Robert Cade Wilson, Esg., Summit, New Jersey

By Henry Morton Blake
Photographs by T. C. Turner

HERE are few houses of its size more attrac-
tively located upon the area of ground at its
disposal than the home of Robert Cade
Wilson,. Esg., at Summit, New Jersey, de-
signed by W. L. Stoddart, architect, New
York, which stands back from the roadway
over four hundred feet, partially concealed from the street

view by a screen of well-

placed shrubbery, leaving a

great expanse of lawn that

leads invitingly to the classic
portico that gives the house
its definite Colonial note,
further carried out by the
shingled walls, which are set
off by the white Doric col-
umns and entrance-face of
the portico, the white corner
and window trims, and the
dormer windows. A roadway
to the right of the well-kept
lawn, which lawn reminds
one of an English bowling-
green, leads to the house,
whose foundations are slight-
ly above the soil level and
screened by carefully chosen

The spacious living-room, with

beamed ceiling and abundant light

shrubs, planted with reference to their not obscuring the
outlook from any of the windows of the lower story.
The exterior of the house suggests the hospitable warmth
one finds in Virginian domestic architecture, and in houses
of other southern states—a happy intimation of repose
about it that is sometimes lacking even in some of the finest
and most perfectly designed Colonial houses modeled after
types of the period of the
Revolutionary War. Attrac-
tive as) one. of ‘these= last
named may be, there is. too
often about the old Colonial
house the suggestion of mili-
tant historic connection, that
leads one to wonder, first, if
some patriot of 1776 ever
hid from the Loyalists in its
cellar, and then to be sure,
from its newness, no patriot
ever dida) oo it 1s that the
house along Colonial lines
that does not attempt to sug-
gest a history to which it is
not entitled, but which, on the
other hand, has a distinction
conferred upon its modern
inception in the matter of its

OSS A ett

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1912

F
z

Sea Hal i

The interior of the sunroom is both homelike and thoroughly attractive

enclosure, which is flooded with sunshine on bright days, but
in which, by reason of its generous proportions, one is never
compelled to sit in the glare of the sun’s direct rays.

The beamed ceiling of the living-room is repeated in effect
in the large and handsomely furnished dining-room, directly
across the hall. As one enters this room the fireplace is
directly ahead, the doorway to the right leading to the cozy
“den” and the doorway to the left to the attractive little
breakfast-room, beyond which is the butler’s pantry, leading
from the spacious, well-planned kitchen. The service-wing
is ideal in its arrangement, and presents features that can-
not fail to interest home-planners, to whom the problem of
arranging the service portion of the house successfully has
presented itself. It is not often that so generous a section
of the dwelling is given over to the needs of those to whom
is entrusted the task of its routine, and the present plan, both
in the lower and the upper stories, will commend itself to
delightfully inviting homelike qualities is, after all, in the’ i everyone taking into account the requirements of the service
writer’ s opinion, the sort of a house that best expresses the, | quarters of the well-ordered household. Note the unob-
|| ‘structed light derived from the large windows in the kitchen,
|| and that these, having the same cheerful outlook that one
has from the dining-room and the living-room, are yet away

The one-story sunroom, with its terrace-roof, forms a wing to the house}

a ele ot of which a spacious hall opens, running}!
through to the rear entrance, with lavatory and closet-roomf!’ , from the line of the windows of this portion of the house
under the broad stairway. To the right of the hall a broad}: by reason of the recession of the wall. The service-porch
square arch leads into the living-room, French windows at\!’'is spacious and quite apart from the other porches of the
the end of which, on either side of the fireplace, give access}); house, and out of range of the line of vision from them.
to a sunroom, one of the most attractive features of the The laundry and the storeroom are especially well worked
house. ‘This is informally furnished in willow furniture and} i out, and the back stairway has its own hall, well aside from

pieces upon Mission lines, and the ferns and other foliage}
plants placed about further lend color and cheeriness to this’

{)

the rest of the house, but leading, by three steps, to the rear
entrance, opening upon a cement platform. All the bed-

The spacious, cheery Aine -room opens from the hall upon the left

The bedrooms are all well planned, well lighted and well ventilated

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13

The broad expanse of the beautiful lawn in front of the house suggests an English bowling-green

rooms of the second story are large, well ventilated, and
well lighted. The largest of these chambers, directly over
the living-room, has a fine Colonial fireplace with a broad
hearth and wide mantel-shelf, above which is a _ white-
framed three-section mirror, P rie

while the furniture of the]
room is patterned after an-

tique pieces. Long windows

on either side of the fireplace’
look out over the terraced

roof of the one-story sun-

room below, its balustrade

being brushed by the foliage

of the nearby trees. ‘This

room has a bathroom and a

dressing-room on either side

of the entrance door, com-

pleting the suite. Four other

chambers, another bathroom,

and a storeroom complete

the arrangement of this floor,

above which is the smaller

top story, containing the

servants -rooms.

That this house has been
built to become a home in the
fullest sense of the word can-
not be doubted after a study
of the plans and a visit to the delightful premises, and
there is a sense of permanency about its whole arrange-
ment that one seeks always to find in the dwelling, and
which, one is glad to note, is coming more and more to be
an attribute to the homes that are being built by our Ameri-
can architects for the homemakers of America.

A sense of breadth, of room—of comfort, in fact—per-
yades each part, from the broad wings of the building, as
seen from outside, to the inner details; and this is the true
spirit of the Colonial, that which we look for in it and
which contents us when it is present. For we like to think
of the passing days as leisured, in the suggestion of which

Plans of the lower and of the second story

Colonial architecture abounds. In the wide and open hall,
the level lines throughout, whether in the fireplace facings
or the proportions of the windows, one finds this sense of
The impression of a generous and complete domestic
life the Colonial must ren-
der, whether the forms are
imitated in fact or the spirit
merely kept with enough of
characteristic detail.
Outside, the same general
effect is to be found. The
grounds give, as already
noted, a sense of freedom
by their broad spaces and the
generous length of green
lawn—a length undisturbed
by misplaced shrubbery. At
the first turning from the
road, at the gate, the house
itself is not completely seen,
but as one advances it soon
appears across the distance
of green, and detail after de-
tail presents itself freshly to
the sight as one draws nearer.
An effect gained just here is
not shown by the illustra-
tions—that of the curve at
the extreme end of the lawn. This is secured by bordering
flower beds, which, without being luxuriant or especially
prominent, introduce the needed notes of color and convey
an impression of freedom and recreation, which, by way of
contrast, gives dignity to the expanse of lawn and at the
same time relieves any possible monotony. ‘These flower-
beds are arranged in a crescent curve, the house resting, as
one might say, upon it. The angle at the right is mostly
filled by the roadway, which turns here in order to pass
before the house. On the other side, however, there is
room for more informal detail, and here are several large,
venerable and spreading apple trees of great beauty.

ease.

14. AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS January, 1912

Types of keyplates

The House Hardware

By Rossiter M. Lenbach

HERE are various things which the person
intending to build for the first time is apt
to overlook in planning for the house. One
of the most important of these is the matter
of hardware; that is
to say, of the details
that should enter into consideration
concerning the provision to be made
for the proper sort of doorknobs,
keyplates, keys, doorguards, hinges,
window fastenings, handles, latches—
everything, in fact, that can come under the name
of house hardware, from cellar to attic-room. One
should hardly leave the selection of hardware for
the house to the contractor. In fact, this is an item
that should be embodied in a separate clause, after
the one for whom the house is to be built has paid
a visit to the showrooms of the dealer or manu-
facturer, in company with the contractor’s repre-
sentative, and has given careful thought to his
choice of the various utilitarian objects of the sort,
which, having been selected, should be itemized
and then embodied in the contract. Of course, in
the larger houses the
architect will prob-
ably arrange this
matter and make a
careful selection to
accord with the ar-
chitectural styles.

oe ae
’
-

me}
4
ihe
t
ey

Da
a

4a
S254

ASB
| at bys eae

ow:

fet

Many excellent

Artistic keyplates for the door

Wedgewood knob

Again, if the house be put in the hands of a professional
decorator, he should be consulted about this matter. However,
in the house for the person of moderate means the owner
cannot do better than to exercise especial care in the matter
of everything that pertains to the
house hardware. Just as the crafts-
, builders of early times, who wrought
@ with loving care everything that had
Y to do with the detail of the house, so
are our best manufacturers of to-day
devoting attention to producing well-
made designs in house hardware of high artistic
merit. Some of these products are reproductions
of historic examples, and others are commendable
adaptations or entirely original modern designs.
Such a set of brass fittings as that of which the
doorknob and key are shown on this page, adapta-
tions of designs from Benares, India, is especially
suited for bungalow fitting, just as the dainty Co-
lonial design shown at the bottom of the page would
be in excellent taste for a boudoir, or the Wedge-
wood doorknob above it for a room fitted in the
Chinese taste. It is to be hoped that in planning
the details of house
furnishing the sub-
ject of proper hard-
ware for the house
will come to receive
the complete atten-
tion it should have.

esigns in doorknobs, keys, keyplates, handles and various other pieces of house hardware are now to be had in all deconative styles

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 15

(i i Ti Ti BT ih, Ta

Antiques

as Furnishings

By Howard V. Bowen

Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals, T. C.

Turner, and others

HE passion for collecting antiques in America
really dates from the Centennial, in 1876.
At that time, in the effort to make much of
our national history and to emphasize our
progress, various small “loan collections”
were shown, the pieces exhibited being
chiefly those which had played some small part in the history
of the times, such as the table upon which the Declaration
of Independence was signed, and certain old articles said to
have been brought over in the “Mayflower.”

Taste in America had then reached its lowest ebb. The
horrors of the mid-Victorian era were about to give way
to the absurdities of the “Eastlake” and the American ver-
sion of “Queen Anne” periods. Everything was being made
by machinery, craftsmanship had been banished and all but
forgotten, and people of discrimination were struck with
the refinement, beauty and tasteful elegance of the old fur-
niture, silver, glass and fab-
rics which were being shown.
This resulted in a general
ransacking of garrets and the
bringing forth of a vast as-
sortment of old treasures
which had been discarded,
but which a lurking sentiment

"or reverence had preserved
from destruction.

Particularly in the older
cities of the east, small shops
appeared which catered to
the new craze by supplying
these old-fashioned treasures
to those who loved them, but
had them not. Along with
all this came a greater inter-
est in the study of American
history, the revival of cer-
tain old customs, the search
for ancestors, the formation
of the patriotic societies, the
study of Colonial architec-
ture, and the general return
in matters of taste to the
ideas of an earlier and bet-
ter period. Many people
affected to scorn the collect-
ing idea, forgetting that a

An excellent assembling of antiques and modern pieces

thing can have a value beyond merely being old; indeed, age
alone confers no value, unless it be combined with utility
and beauty. But age lends historic interest, as the old
makers of household furnishings understood thoroughly the
art of combining beauty with usefulness, in consequence of
which their works are now eagerly sought after and highly
prized when obtained.

After all, what constitutes an “‘antique’? The term, of
course, is purely relative and has no connection with classical
antiquity, but was originally selected merely because it was
convenient. It may mean just as much or just as little as
one likes, very often. An English article, for instance, need
not be considered an antique only if dating before the ending
of the Georgian period; French, if made only before the
fall of Napoleon, and American, only if made before the
ending of the Revolutionary era. Such a chronology would
practically disqualify almost all American antiques, for in
the early days of our national
existence very little of ar-
tistic value was made in the
American colonies; every-
thing was imported from
England or France. To me
an antique has no value if it
does not exhibit the quality
of beauty, a beauty which is
permanent, enduring and all-
satisfying, and if the object
was made by an artisan or
craftsman before the domi-
nant era of machinery—that
is to say, made at least sixty
or seventy years ago.

A real collector, like a
poet, must be born and not
made, though, of course,
even the true collector may
not have been collecting the
same sort of thing his whole
lifetime. If one does collect,
his collection should serve
some useful and really def-
inite purpose. It would be
dificult to point out any
royal road to starting a col-
lection that would be applic-
able to everyone’s pleasure

16 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

in collecting. ‘The collecting of old household furnishings
is particularly interesting in that one’s treasures may be
used, lived with, and loved in a most intimate way. I derive
vastly more pleasure from the things I have collected—from
my old chairs, tables, candlesticks, brass kettles, and old
engravings—than could possibly be obtained from a collec-
tion of hornets’ nests, birds’ eggs, or reptiles preserved in
alcohol, though such objects might appeal more to another.
I always think that collecting is more fascinating if one dis-
covers his treasures in unexpected and out-of-the-way places,
and that it really means more to the collector if each thing
he acquires is obtained through bargaining and perhaps at
the cost of some sacrifice in the matter of other things—the
little self-denials dear to the collector. I am particularly
fond, for instance, of two old mahogany
chairs in the ‘Chippendale manner,” which
I value all the more when I remember that
I secured them only by curtailing certain
usual small expenditures from time to time
throughout an entire Winter and Spring.
No one thing among my antique belong-
ings is more highly valued by me than an
old table in the American adaptation of the
Empire style. It was literally discovered
in a shabby little shop in Chicago, where
cast-off junk of various sorts was being sold.
It was certainly in a sorrowful condition;
all the hinges of its drop-leaves were rusty
and out of order, and it had been sadly
mutilated and defaced with several coats
of a particularly sticky and depressing drab
paint. I first caught sight of it under a
pile of dishes and pillows
which had been brought from
the auction sale of an old
hotel, but after carefully
studying it I realized its pos-
sibilities, and purchased it
for almost nothing, turning
itvover to ca ‘little»German
cabinet-maker who had al-
ready proved his value in re-
storing other forlorn old
pieces forme. ~The table
cost me $3.00, the repairs
nearly $18,00, but the result

January, 1912

splendid American home in the style of the Italian Renais-
sance; his own collection included a side-light, or bracket,
of wood, heavily carved, colored and gilded, and some
twelve copies of the same bracket, fitted with bead-covered
incandescent globes, supplied the light for the most beauti-
ful drawing-room I have ever seen. Again, at a certain sale
of old studio properties, someone purchased an old Empire
chair, from which others were copied to complete the fur-
nishing of a dining-room. ‘The warerooms of a large firm
of furniture-makers are full of what are frankly copies of
pieces in great museums or of objects purchased to serve
as models, and this furniture, I am told, is made almost en-
tirely by hand and combines the beauty of the old-time
design with the strength and utility of modern furniture
properly made. Indeed, copying or dupli-
cating old pieces is to be encouraged when
they are along better lines than modern
specimens, and when such copies are faith-
fully worked out, honestly and carefully
made.

Possibly those who will read this issue of
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS are them-
selves making collections of household an-
tiquities, and this word regarding reproduc-
tions and imitations may not be amiss. Per-
sonally, I do not object to the marketing of
a clever reproduction, provided it be
frankly regarded and sold as such, since a
good copy possesses every decorative and
practical value of an antique and is very
nearly as satisfactory to the eye. Harm is
done only when an unscrupulous and dis-
honest dealer palms off such
an object upon an unsuspect-
ing or inexperienced cus-
tomer as an original, of
which only a very few dupli-
cates, if any, are in existence.
The wiles and cunning of the
imitators of antiques have
often baffled even the most
experienced collector, and
when even the learned cura-
tors of the greatest museums
are deluded into accepting as
genuine what is proved to be

is a splendid old piece, fault-
less in line and beautifully
carved, and of the hand-
somest mahogany I have
ever seen, of a tone which
only age and very careful
polishing can produce, and
which could not be purchased anywhere now for under $100.
The collecting of antiques has had an extended influence
of late in forming public taste in America. Educated and
discriminating people have demanded for their homes the
beauty of the old furnishings seen in England and some of
the other countries of Europe, and this demand our own
makers have been obliged, somewhat reluctantly, to satisfy.
The result is that almost all domestic furnishings not “‘crafts-
man” or “art nouveau” are now practically copies of the
same things of the English, French or Italian periods.
Museums have been drawn upon for ideas and our de-
signers seem to have exerted their utmost ingenuity, which
has resulted in a greater splendor and variety of effect than
the older makers even dreamed of, made possible by the
wider range of materials which are available to-day.
Sometimes an article may come to be copied for a special
place. A few years ago a great architect was fitting up a

The little tables Baiotie hairs Are specimens i dell soanle oe sites
ducing valuable examples of early furniture

merely a_ skillful imitation,
there is hope and excuse for
on the average collector, who is
ee generally also an amateur.
Uowever, there is always
satisfaction and consolation
to be gained in knowing the
object to be beautiful and pleasing. Most of the imitations
of the household antiques which have come to my notice are
of metal, pottery, and furniture. Most of the imitations in
metal, I have noticed, are andirons, fenders and candle-
sticks of various kinds, and these imitations are so clumsily
made and finished that even the most unsophisticated col-
lector could hardly be deceived into. purchasing them as
genuine. The finish of these reproductions is quite different
from that of the really old pieces. Brass and silver, and
even silver plate, acquire with age a wonderfully soft and
“satiny” surface, which grows more beautiful with increas-
ing age. ‘This is true even of silver-plated ware, the plating
of which has been renewed. I have several articles which
I have had replated upon the original copper, and the finish
is as different as possible from the hard “brassy” surface
of those reproductions which I see on sale in the shops. Of
course, in purchasing antiques one must be guided by or-

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS 17

The chair to the left is a reproduction of the famous William Pos Ritir plesemed a ie BevauceRaon of Independence Hall, Philadelphia.

The settee and the armchair have been fashioned to complete the suite by modern craftsmen

dinary common sense. One would hardly expect to find on
sale anywhere, even in the most plausible shop, an antique
seven-light candelabrum from Solomon’s Temple. Such a
treasure, if it existed at all, would have been acquired long
ago for such a museum as the Louvre or the Metropolitan,
and one may safely accept as copies all the array of really
charming candelabra, lamps and brackets on sale in the
shops, to which dealers are wont to give extraordinary his-
tories and put forth at low prices.

Of late years the market has been flooded with reproduc-
tions of the different sorts of Majolica, which are unblush-
ingly sold in many shops as original, and from Italy. This
class of imitations is particularly exasperating, for the sub-
ject of Majolica is as yet a sealed volume to most amateur
collectors, and the wily imitator finds a ready sale for his
reproductions of plates, decorative panels, and apothecary
jars. The best and indeed the only protection for one in-
terested in antiquities of this class is a close and careful
study of the subject—an intelligent idea of the technicalities
of glaze and surface, and the other points upon which a
good guide will be of the greatest possible help.

Another class of pottery which is now extensively imi-
tated is the blue-and-white Staffordshire, a ware especially
popular with amateur collectors by reason of its decorative
value and of its spirited portrayal of places and events con-
nected with American history. Everyone knows, or has
heard, of the fabulous prices paid by collectors for rare ex-
amples of this ware. I remember some years ago attending
a sale in New York of the collection of a noted amateur,
and much of the interest centered upon the eager compe-
tition between two or three bidders for a few plates,
platters and a tureen of white-and-blue Staffordshire. The
very popularity of this ware has caused its successful imita-
tion and the shops are glutted with plates showing the
“Landing of Lafayette,” the “Boston State House,” and
even some of the series showing the adventures of ‘‘Dr.
Syntax.” A particularly disagreeable episode occurred not
long ago when a dishonest dealer sold for a very high
price one of these imitations, the actual value of which is
but a few cents. Staffordshire ware is now being made
showing modern views. I have seen plates showing excel-
lent pictures of ‘Trinity Church, Boston” and “‘St. Patrick’s
Cathedral,” and possibly these plates, and others of the same
series, will sell for high prices a century hence—who can tell ?

Perhaps after all, imitations of the antique in furniture
are the most difficult of detection, for here the craft of the
imitator seems to have surpassed even himself. Of course,
any clever furniture-maker can skillfully copy old furniture,
but in the finishing and “‘aging” all sorts of clever processes
are employed. One finish will be used to brighten a sur-
face, another to deaden its appearance; a solution of dis-
solved wax will produce still another effect, and the shooting

_of wood full of bullet holes produces the worm-eaten ap-

pearance which the amateur collector usually expects to
find in old oak.

Mirrors are among the articles most widely and success-
fully imitated. I have a charming little gilt-framed mirror
which caught my fancy some years ago and which I pur-
chased (with some misgivings) as being a real old Georgian
mirror. It bore all the ear-marks of age—frame worn and
dull, under surface of glass somewhat injured and several
layers of different kinds of paper were pasted over the
back, under which was painted or stenciled the name of what
was evidently a London dealer, and a date some time in the
Eighteenth Century. I long ago decided to regard the little
mirror as a beautiful fraud, but console myself with con-
templating its beauty and by remembering that neither in
England nor in America have I ever come across a duplicate.

In arranging antiques as household furnishings care must
be exercised in planning their setting. Try to plan their
backgrounds so that the quaint old treasures may be set
forth with all their beauty and charm well displayed. Often
antique pieces may be utilized in building. I once knew a
dramatist, for instance, who made frequent trips to Europe,
bringing home all sorts of artistic ‘junk’ which he had run
across. One of his treasures was a fine old carved beam,
colored as well as carved, which came from the facade of
an old tavern in Rothenburg and which afterwards was
used with excellent effect in a beautiful country home not
far from New York.

There can be no general rule regarding the placing of
the possessions one may be fortunate enough to acquire.
Few can hope to achieve a house which consists of period
rooms, each furnished in antiques of some particular era—
and many of us must live with our treasures placed in set-
tings more or less ‘“‘composite.”” If one’s collected antiques
be many or few, their interest will make them seem to fit
in with any surroundings of fair woodwork and wall covering.

,
'
z
t
:
Fi
F
k
f
i

J, HERE never yet was built a house that
room of some sort that would lend itself
dwelling that can boast of greater antiqu
been mainly evolved, so far as its grounc
of feudal times into the rooms one finds |
architects expend thought and ingenuity"

the modern dwelling the sense of hospitality to whomsoey |
has been said that the hall is the key to the dwelling, and
way presents to the hall which is uninviting, to understanc

HHALLWAYS

ti be considered a success if it did not have an entrance
)omelike adaptation. There is not a room in the whole
#oerhaps, than the hall. In fact, the modern house has
—.n is concerned, from the division of the old hall space
tie house of to-day upon its entrance floor. Our best
& the matter of the hallway in order that it may carry in
-osses the threshold that admits one to its precincts. It
has but to recall the contrast which the hospitable hall-
v important it is to give much thought to the planning.

SOF OP Oe Pe
, C4 Lp Z Shee ey,
; y ff i
iA Jé : Bey,
: Ao, BoD

7 Px

3S Sus

PRE

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

vii

ome a Ole nee OE.

24) zd

HOSPITABLE. HALLWAY

HERE never yet was built a house that could be considered a success if it did not have an entrance
room of some sort that would lend it ) homelike adaptation. There is not a room in the whole
dwelling that can boast of greater antiquity, perhaps, than the hall. In fact, the modern house has

|| been mainly evolved, so far as its ground plan is concerned, from the division of the old hall space

|| of feudal times into the rooms one finds in the house of to-day upon its entrance floor. Our best

architects expend thought and ingenuity upon the matter of the hallway in order that it may carry in
the modern dwelling the sense of hospitality to whomsoever crosses the threshold that admits One to its precincts, It
has been said that the hall is the key to the dwelling, and one has but to recall the contrast which the hospitable hall-
way presents to the hall which is uninviting, to understand how important it is to give much thought to the planning.

(DB cxccFoccs fel ¥

20 AMERICAN HOMES

Pa
Sar aera eI «i

rate:

AND GARDENS

This well-planned house is set upon an elevation which commands superb views in every direction, across field lands, toward mountainous country

A Brick House of Distinction

By Henry Norman
Photographs by T. C. Turner

NIE most successful examples of domestic
architecture in America are, perhaps, those
houses which have been built near the larger
cities, a success achieved despite the limita-
tions often set by suburban plots. In the
present instance under consideration, the
house designed for Mr. I. Sheldon Tilney, by Messrs.
Walker and Hazzard, architects, New York, there pre-
sented to owner and architect alike the opportunity of evolv-
ing a homelike dwelling unhampered by a cramped area, and
of working out a house with direct reference to the unusual
beauty of the locality and its accessibility. When an archi-
tect is given a commission to plan a country house of these
proportions, to be erected upon a site that offers an endless
variety of vista, views across broad fields and mountain foot-
hills, he finds an inspiration that awakens him to a deep in-
terest in the problems before him.

A few years ago the owner of this house acquired a tract of
some sixty acres in extent, situated at the summit of the first
range of the Orange Mountains, in New Jersey, but con-
venient to the main road and easily accessible. In selecting
the site the fact was borne in mind that it must be suitable
for a country house along broad and generous lines. There
is not a lovelier spot in eastern New Jersey than that which
was chosen, offering as it did a certain ruggedness of scenery

that was quite unlike that of neighboring sections. The
acreage chosen, furthermore, had the marked advantage of
possessing an unusually broad frontage. Therefore, the
house was placed back some distance from the road and its
grounds planned to be entered by a long, straight avenue
lined with trees. While these have yet to attain their
growth, this avenue even now presents a very lovely appear-
ance when the foliage is out. Just in front of the house the
avenue terminates in a broad, sweeping circle, lending to the
home an effect of old-fashioned dignity.

The house is of red brick with white joints, a variety
selected for massing in broad spaces, lending its roughness
and unevenness of texture to the results of weathering in
such a manner as to produce a most attractive, velvety sur-
face in effect. This forms an admirable background for
such planting as has been begun, and for that which will
follow, probably, in the course of time. In its lines the
house is broad and low, with strong emphasis upon the
roof-lines and cornice. The exterior effect of the fenestra-
tion is particularly good in the main portion of the house,
the white trimmings of which form a happy contrast to the
tone of the brick walls. The entrance-porch is simple and
elegant in design. Indeed, simplicity is the keynote of the
design of the house. One notices with satisfaction the re-
straint that has been shown in the detail throughout the

January, 1912

SD VCHAMBER |
18°0°% 140" —

(ay) a=

LINEN
i)

] BALCONY

a 7 _ CHAMBER
wml /2-0°* 18-0" ClOy 80% 104"

The porch area indicated by the plans of this house is one of its
special and most agreeable features

building, both in exterior and interior, apropos of which one
has but to notice the unobtrusive manner in which the archi-
tects have worked out the problems of the chimneys. In de-
signing the shutters, those for the ground floor windows are
solidly paneled, marked in each upper panel by a quarter-
moon sunray, while those of the second floor are of the type
commonly known as blinds. ‘This arrangement is more
usual in European domestic architecture than in that of
America.

With the vast expanse which the elevation of the site
commanded, it was possible to give each room a distinctive
outlook of its own—a rare enough but happy plan. There
are few houses of the proportions of this one that better
follow the lay of the land, and that seem to ‘‘belong”’ to it.
Moreover, it receives an abundance of sunlight on every
side, and it is remarkably well planned for ventilation in
all seasons.

No matter how attractive we find a house outwardly, this
quality only intensifies the suggestion of the charm one ex-
pects to find within its doors. The entrance-porch already
referred to has the triangular pediment of its gabled roof
supported by turned pillars, with seats on either side of the
single door. Above the porch is a little casement window
of leaded glass, and trellised vines climb nearly up to it.

On entering the house one finds the ground floor arranged
with the same suggestion of straightforward simplicity that
the exterior presents. First comes a broad hall, containing
the main stairway. This hall leads at the left into a living-
room of generous proportions, and upon the right into the
corridor leading to the service portion of the house, while
directly ahead to the right of the stairway is the large
dining-room, opening upon a great canvas-decked porch
at the rear.

The restraint shown in designing the exterior detail of
the house has been repeated with success in planning the in-
terior, and nowhere will one find an over-emphasis of motifs.
The living-room, trimmed in quartered oak, has two sets of
large windows upon opposite sides, and French windows
either side of the fireplace, opening upon a great veranda
sixteen by twenty feet, which is screened in summer and
enclosed in glass throughout the cold season. This is pro-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 21

vided with a deep fireplace of fieldstones. It is easy to
imagine the charm of this out-of-door living-room, with its
summer setting of hammocks, bamboo chairs, chintz-covered
cushions and the tea-table; but one also thinks of it as a
comfortable retreat upon a winter day, with the bright sun-
shine pouring through its walls of glass, and its rugs and
furnishings framing in the crackling fire upon the broad
stone hearth.

In furnishing a home one is very apt to overlook the
decorative value of furniture in cane-wicker and bamboo,
and yet no kind of furniture possesses in so marked a degree
the advantage of “‘agreeing”’ with any surroundings in which
it may be placed. If we except rooms furnished in the
French periods, there is almost no style of decoration which
would not make a suitable setting for furniture of this
variety. The out-of-door living-room, which at all seasons
of the year makes so practical a part of this house, is fur-
nished very largely with tables, chairs and settees of this
sort, and they are made even more beautiful by summer
cushions and coverings of chintz, linen and flowered taffeta,
and winter fabrics of rep, velour and the like. In several
rooms of this house are chairs, large and small, of oak or
walnut, having backs and seats of open canework, and these
pieces are quite in keeping with the dignified character of
the house, without interfering in any way with the homelike
informal feeling which is its chief characteristic.

The dining-room is, perhaps, the most beautiful room in
the house. Here the walls are paneled to the ceiling. They
are finished in ivory white, against which is arranged fur-
niture in the deep tones of old mahogany. Pictures upon
such a wall are usually superfluous and often fatal to best
effects, and here the beauty of the paneling itself supplies
all the decoration necessary, and the few sidelights, in the
simplest of Colonial pattern, give just the relief the eye de-
mands from the white. The color in this beautiful room is
supplied by the tones of an old Oriental rug. The candle-
shades and the long straight curtains pushed back from the
windows, the brick hearth, the brass fitting of the fireplace,

- =

J
=
=
=
=>
=
=
=
=
=
= -
—
=
=e
==
i=)
=
==
==
=
<

The entrance-porch exhibits dignity in the proportions of its design

22 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Ee ei

Dining-room, showing the French windows

the sparkle of glass and gleaming of old silver. Accessory to
this room is another porch, which is used as an out-of-door
dining-room, and which, like every part of this attractive
house, has a delightful outlook, toward mountainous scenery.

The kitchen-wing and sery-
ice portion of the house are
thoroughly shut off on both
floors from the remainder of
the house, and are unusually
well arranged and complete
in appointments. A pantry
of ample proportions is
placed between the dining-
room and the kitchen, and
the kitchen is provided with
every possible device for the
comfort and convenience of
those who must work therein.
The kitchen is so arranged
that it has an attractive out-
look in two directions. The
kitchen-wing is completed by
still another enclosed porch.

The upper floor has been
so planned that it provides
four large family bed-
chambers, three of which open directly into bathrooms, every
room having ample closet space. The windows are arranged
to provide cross ventilation. The wing which contains the
servants’ bedrooms is arranged with a corridor down the

One ne the fave pein:

A corner of the living-room

January, 1912

The dining-room, looking toward the hall
middle, which gives each room windows and ventilation of
its own. This wing contains the servants’ bathroom, a linen
closet and a large storeroom, each having a window. This
story is connected with the service quarters below by its own
stairway, so the servants’-
wing may be entirely apart
from the rest of the house.
The third floor contains two
large guestrooms and a bath-
room, which connects the
two.

This entire house, with its
beautiful surroundings and
the dignity of its design with-
in and without, is a home
which will grow more beauti-
ful with the passing years.
One can scarcely expect to
produce in the few months
since its completion the effect
which nature will provide in
but a few seasons more, and
it is pleasant to imagine what
a new home may be like
when its walls come to be
covered with ivy turning
from its summer green to the browns and golden reds of
autumn and winter—when the trees will be so fully grown
that their branches will meet overhead, and when hedges
and shrubbery will have attained full and complete growth.

The outdoor living-porch

January, 1912

Evergreens

AMERICAN VHOMES: “AND GARDENS

i)
Ww

The Heath is an indoor Evergreen that requires careful attention, but it is also one of the most attractive of all the houseplants for cool temperatures

for Indoors

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves, Charles Jones, and others

sq)| HILE nearly all of the plants in the window-
‘| garden retain their foliage, in effect, the year
round, a certain number of them actually do,
and this class of Evergreen house-plants de-
serves consideration by itself, as indoor
Evergreens are not so widely known as they
should be, nor are they as often found among house-plants
as they deserve to be. Aside from their place near flowering
window-plants, indoor Evergreens lend themselves to table
decoration, and being especially suitable plants for hall and
stairway, are most useful in arranging
decorative effects when the house is
being made ready for some festal oc-
casion. The most interesting Ever-
greens of the indoor class are, perhaps,
the Araucarias, the most easily obtain-
able species being Araucaria excelsa,
better known by its common name, the
Norfolk Island Pine. This distinc-
tive plant is, in reality, a little tree of
coniferous habits, quite as lovely,
though not so unusual and curious, as
some of the dwarf Japanese trees that
have become more or less the fashion.
Its branches radiate like the spokes of
a wheel from the central stem, and its
rich, spiny foliage is a dark yellow-
green. It is the most symmetrical of
the indoor Evergreens.

The dAraucaria robusta is a more
sturdy species and it is more compact
than the first named, while the Arau-
caria glauca is a handsome blue-green
leaved variety of the same species.
The indoor gardener may be interested
to know that the cousin to these Ever-
greens (the large form of the Araucaria, known to botan-
ists as A. imbricata) is said to be the only tree which the
monkey is unable to climb. Small specimens of the Norfolk
Island Pine, and of other species of the Araucarias, are
comparatively inexpensive, and may be had from almost
any reliable nurseryman. A well-started specimen will re-
quire but ordinary care, as this Evergreen grows freely under

The Norfolk Island Pine is the most popular of
all the easily-grown indoor Evergreens

almost any conditions, where light, water and a little heat
can be given it. The Araucarias must be watered sparingly,
and care must be taken not to transfer them too rapidly to
larger pots, as they do not like frequent disturbing. These
Evergreens should be repotted only when one feels sure they
require more room than they have already been given.

English Ivy is an Evergreen of the broad-leaved variety,
and although it has long been one of the most popular plants
in the window-garden, it may not have been classed among
Evergreens by those who have not familiarized themselves
with plant divisions. The botanical
name of the English Ivy is Hedera
helix, which it is well to know, in order
that its variety, Hedera helix Canar-
iensis, commonly known as Irish Ivy,
may not be chosen by mistake in place
of it. This latter Ivy has much larger
leaves, but it is not nearly so attractive
for indoor growing, unless one is in-
different to the pattern effect and merely
seeks abundance of foliage, as often
is the case. The English Ivy will stand
a goodly amount of watering and
must always be generously potted. As
for its potting soil, any good house-
plant soil will do that has a mixture of
sand in its composition.

The Camellia’s beautiful, dark,
shining leaves are remarkably persist-
ent, and this should receive more con-
sideration as a house-plant possibility
than has yet been given it. The re-
markable beauty of its flowers is, of
course, known to everyone, as it is a
favorite flower with poets and novel-
ists. Camellias may be had from
nurserymen in both single and double varieties, in white,
pink, and red, the d/ba plena (white), Lady Hume (pink),
and the Hovey (red) being good varieties to select. Keep
the potting soil for Camellias just moist, as over-watering
will cause their buds to drop before flowering. Camellias
should be repotted every two years in a mixture of equal
parts of peat, sand, fibrous loam, and leaf-mold.

24 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The Myrtle, or Periwinkle (Vinca minor), a plant which
the ancients dedicated to Venus, may be grown in any house,
although one usually associates it with outdoor gardening.
Its bushy growth must be induced by frequent trimming. A
rich loamy potting soil is best for this plant, and it should
be given a sunny place in the window-garden. There is a
variegated species of Periwinkle to be had (Vinca minor,
var. Alba) which presents bright yellow foliage, and also a
somewhat rarer variety, having white instead of the usual
purple flowers. Beside these there is Vinca rosea, a pink,
erect-growing species, which requires an abundance of sun-
light and liberal watering.

Azaleas are among the most beautiful of the broad-leaved
Evergreens, although outside the greenhouse it is difhcult
to grow them in northern temperatures with anything like
success. The Azalea thrives best in a cool and airy room.
Azalea Indica is the usual species one meets with at the
florist’s. he proper night temperature for Azaleas is from
50 to 60 degrees. After flowering (in the Spring), new
growth in the plants must be encouraged by warmer tem-
perature, and though the potting soil requires to be kept just
moist, it must never be permitted to become dry.

Sweet Bay (the Laurus nobilis) is one of the most decora-
tive of indoor Evergreens, being cultivated with stem and
globular crown, or as a bushy or pyramidal plant, leafing to
the soil. It must be kept very cool and should be carefully
cellared in Winter. When brought out for indoor use in
Summer, the Sweet Bay should be placed only in unheated
rooms.

The Partridge Berry is the only hardy Evergreen we have
which, in its native state, carpets the ground and bears red
berries throughout the Winter. Mitchella repens is its
botanical name. It does exceedingly well when brought out
of the woods (though it may be procured without trouble
from nearly any florist or nurseryman), and it should be
grown under a bell-glass or in a vivarium; that is, an aquar-
ium-like case for tender house-plants.

The Laurustinus is an Evergreen native to southern
Europe, and though hardy to Great Britain, it requires house
culture in our climate, flowering indoors from November to
April. Its blossoms are fragrant, white flowers, which are
well set off by the dark green of its foliage. ‘This plant
stands indifferent usage, being almost hardy, but it thrives best
with generous potting and in earth composed of one part
each of sand, leaf-mold and well-rotted manure. Care
should be taken to give the leaves frequent washings, as
they are great dust-attracters, and therefore their beauty is
marred if the foliage is not kept clean. This Lauraustinus
bears the botanical name of Viburnum tinus, and thus it is
closely related to the common Snowball of the garden, the
Viburnum Populus.

Heath (Erica), like the Azalea, produces a multitude of
small, hair-like roots, and requires loamy potting soil, rich
in decaying organic matter. Good pot drainage is also
requisite, and rain-water should alone be given these difficult
Fvergreens. As a general rule they stand cool tempera-
tures unusually well, and they must have plenty of air, though
cold draughts will speedily injure them. Do not permit
these plants to grow tall and spindling, but keep them low,
bushy, and compact, by pinching and by the frequent turning
of all sides to the light. ‘This preserves symmetry. Few
house-plants make a greater show. A single ‘day’s neglect
to water a Heath, or a day’s over-watering, may kill the
plant; therefore many, through carelessness or a lack of
knowledge of its requirements, have failed to raise the
Heather successfully. The following varieties will be found
the best for the window-garden: Erica Cavendishii (yel-
low), E. caffra (white and fragrant), E. hyemalis (pink),
E. persolute (red), and E. ventricosa (purple).

The Daphne is a beautiful, sweet-scented Evergreen, but

January, 1912

The waxen-like Camellia is the loveliest of all indoor Evergreens

it requires careful attention, for which reason it is seldom
met with in gardens indoors. Daphne Indica is the variety
for window purposes, bearing terminal bunches of fragrant
white flowers. The leaves are long, glossy, and dark-green.
It should have plenty of pot room, and its soil should (in
common with that of all house-plants) be well drained.

The Yucca’s handsome, stout foliage makes this well-
known plant exceedingly decorative as an indoor Evergreen.
Every traveler who has visited California recalls the great
Yuccas to be found there, especially in the southern part of
the state. Occasionally these giant species are transplanted
to our gardens, and the smaller varieties thrive in
gardens by the sea, being useful for decorative borders.
The Yucca filamentosa is especially recommended to the
amateur for the purpose, as also are Y. aloefolia and Y.
quadricolor. Do not repot often, and give Yuccas a rich
loamy soil. Yucca pilomentosa var. variegata has leaves
streaked with white and is very attractive.

The Kennedya is a lovely and graceful twining indoor
Evergreen, and is not as often met with in the window-
garden as it deserves to be. The shoots should be kept well
trained to the wall, or against a frame. Give it plenty of
water. Kennedya Marryattae is the scarlet variety, while
the blossoms of the K. monophylla are a rich purple. There
is not a finer climber for the window-garden.

Although the varieties of indoor Evergreens here men-
tioned by no means exhaust the list of those that are avail-
able for house culture, those described are especially worthy
the attention of everyone who has a window-garden and
loves house-plants, and who, though acquainted with some
of the more common varieties of these plants, may not have
known that they come under the head of true Evergreens,
which fact may, perhaps, lead the amateur indoor gardener
to cultivate a real and lasting interest in them. .

AMERICAN

January,

Ig12

One-light bracket, cost-
ing about $2.50

Lighting

Six light fixture of wood
compo furnished with key
(sarko) control

ESIDENCE illumination is comparatively a
‘|| new art. Before the invention of the incan-
|| descent electric lamp and of the gas mantle,
it was difficult to get enough light; now the
problem is to distribute the light properly
and shade and tone it so as to eliminate glare.
To residence illumination comparatively little attention has
been devoted by illuminating engineers. Their efforts are
concentrated on commercial and public buildings, where con-
tracts are larger and more lucrative. And when they at-
tempt to apply to the lighting of houses the experience
gained in the lighting of hotels and stores, they discover that
conditions are diametrically dissimilar. Even in commercial
lighting, engineers are apt to rely too much on the photo-
meter and on algebraic formule, trusting them rather than
the less complicated and more direct conclusions of the
human eye and common sense. In other words, they do not
appear to realize that while the photometer is useful in
figuring cost and quantity, the final test of illumination, public
or private, under scientific direction, is its effect on the vision.

It is absolutely necessary to approach the
lighting of houses from the decorative point
of view. The location of the outlets and
the number of lights per outlet depend not
only on the size and shape of the room, but
also on the color and pattern and texture of
walls and furniture. Important also is the
question of style. If an interior is Colonial,
or Georgian, or French, or Mission, the
lighting fixtures should conform, in finish as
well as in shape and ornament. Different
periods also have their preferences as re-
gards material—wood and compo fixtures
associating themselves with Gothic and
Renaissance, crystal glass beads and balls
and prisms with the Louises, the Queen
Anne and the Georgian periods, dull brass
with the Colonial, hammered old brass and
hammered old iron with Mission, etc.

The best lighted houses are those whose
illumination has been planned and whose lighting fixtures
have been selected by the architect or decorator, working in
close understanding with the manufacturer. Here the archi-
tect has a distinct initial advantage—not always appreciated
—the fact that the owner’s confidence is his from the very
beginning—from the time of the adoption of the plans—
and that he is in a position, where the use of electricity is
concerned, to impress upon the owner the desirability of
selecting the lighting fixtures before the wiring is done. The
wiring is of fundamental importance. Unless the outlets

HOMES

This two-light bracket of wood compo,
frosted bulbs, costs about $30.00

By George Leland Hunter

A shower with a 27-inch drop, and —
shades in ground crystal,

this, sells for $31.50

AND GARDENS 26

A very good bracket,

costing about $3.00

Fixtures

Louis XIV lantern of
armor bronze. Ground
glass conceals bulbs

are properly placed, with sufficient current for each, the skill
of the wisest decorator and of the most competent engineer
will fail to accomplish good lighting. Re-wiring is so ex-
pensive and often so difhcult—involving the mutilation of
finished walls and floors—that owners cannot often be per-
suaded to authorize it. The wiring of many houses is too
often left to the electrician, who seldom knows anything
about the art of effective and economical illumination and
whose interest it is, usually, to complete his contract with as
little cost to himself as possible. Either he underwires the
house and makes it impossible ever to light it well, or he
overwires the house in such a way as to secure the minimum
of illumination from the maximum of current.

Important in wiring for electric lighting is the question
of control. Fixtures that are out of reach, and fixtures and
brackets with candle lights and miniature bulbs, should have
switch control. The sarko switches, with key often used in
the backplate of candle brackets and others too small for
regular sockets, are not particularly trustworthy or durable,
especially when overloaded, as they often are. Despite the
initial cost, it will pay in the long run to have
all ceiling fixtures of the average house con-
trolled by switches. In the more expensive
houses the brackets also will all be on
switch, and there will be such useful refine-
ments as burglar lights and master switches,
and switches to light the hall above or the
hall below, etc.

In preparing a general scheme of illumi-
nation for a house, the problem should be
approached room by room and floor by
floor, the main rooms of the first floor taken
into consideration first. Starting, for in-
stance, with the dining-room, 14x17 feet,
with ceiling ten feet from the floor, this
means 238 square feet of floor space, which
divided by fifty, equals a trifle under five as
the number of 15-candle-power lights neces-
sary, where ceiling and walls are not too
dark. At this point I should explain that I
have found fifty to be a convenient divisor for use in de-
termining the proper number of lights to a room of given
size, with ceiling 9 feet 6 inches, which is the average height
for ceilings throughout the United States, and for which
many manufacturers plan their ceiling fixtures, giving them
an overall drop of three feet unless otherwise ordered. This
brings the bottom of the fixture 6 feet 6 inches from the floor,
which is right for most drop fixtures with lights up. But in
very large, higher rooms fixtures should hang higher than
this, and in some low rooms perhaps three inches lower.

such as

26 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

This dining-room is agreeably lighted by wax candles, but not brilliantly,
in spite of the high reflection that is derived from the white walls and
from the light ceiling

Of course, the higher a room is the more light it takes to
illuminate it—something like 10 per cent. for every addi-
tional foot over g feet 6 inches—while rooms as low as 8
feet 6 inches, with light ceiling and walls, need considerably
less.

To return to our dining-rooms that require five lights.
For a ceiling fixture we can choose between a hanging dome,
that should drop to a height of 4 feet 6 inches above the
floor, a shower, a stem fixture, or a ceiling plate, all with
lights pointing down. Once leaded domes were the fashion.
The dining-room without a dome was as much out of it as
the living-room without a dado was twenty years before this
time. ‘To-day, in many parts of the country, the shower is
the sine qua non of the multitude. In these localities, the
dining-room without a shower is considered as barren as the
Desert of Sahara. It makes not much difference what kind
of a shower, or whether it gives the right kind of light in
the right place; the great thing is to have a shower, like
other people. The reason for having the dining-room fix-
ture bulbs and shades point down is to light the table much
while lighting the walls and ceiling little. Only when the
room is used also as a living-room, or for general entertain-
ment, is much general illumination necessary.

On the whole, it seems to me that a leaded dome of good
design, in luminous colors, lights a small dining-room more
suitably and more agreeably than any other fixture. But
everything depends on the colors and the quality of the glass.
The cheap opaque dome that reflects al] the light down,
leaving the upper part of the room in black shadow, is hard
on the eyes and decoratively ugly. But the dome that glows
with golden radiance, distributing enough to ceiling and
upper walls to avoid blackness there, is easy on the eyes
and right decoratively. The fault with ceiling plates and
showers and stem fixtures is that they give too much general
illumination and not enough at the table. But when the
lights hang low, shades carefully selected will cure the fault.
A special reason for leaded, or iridescent, or color-enameled
shades in a dining-room is that of all the rooms in a house it
is usually and rightly the richest in color. But be sure that
the colors of the shades are close to the colors of the room—
with a tendency away from reds and blues and greens to-
wards golden yellows and oranges. i

Here a few words on color in lighting may not be out of
place. As everybody knows, many persons are color-blind

January, 1912

Crystal Bente and balls a cayatal Deel iD atl diabare ‘the light from
candles with frosted cone bulbs. The illumination is brilliant, but
without disagreeable effect

to reds and blues—the red rays at one end of the spectrum
being too long for their eyes, and the blue rays at the other
end too short. But with the golden yellow rays in the mid-
dle of the spectrum everyone can see well, and in them is
contained the effective luminosity of light. Once it was the
fashion to cry for white light, and every new electric lamp
put on the market was advertised by its promoters as giving
whiter light than any other and light more like that of the sun.
Now, white light may be all right when matching ribbons
and dress goods and millinery—although one would imagine
that in matching fabrics to be seen by night the kind of
artificial light commonly found would be better. However,
white light at its best is not at all suitable for decorative
illumination. No one who has had experience in decorating
would use tungstens in residence lighting, except in the
kitchen or in domes and in lanterns and shades that partially
eliminate the reds and blues, turning the white light in the
direction of golden yellow. Good light in a kitchen prevents
waste and promotes quickness and accuracy of domestic
service. ‘The best way to secure it is with a single 60 to 100-
watt tungsten, close to the ceiling, with frosted top and
with wide shade of alba glass. At minimum cost, on account
of the superior efficiency of the tungsten, the room will be
flooded with illumination that is brilliant but not disagree-
able, though not satisfactory for the master rooms. It is
the master rooms—main halls, library, reception-room or
parlor, sitting-room or living-room—that call for the prin-
cipal part of the fixture appropriation. The fixtures must
be in harmony with the furniture and draperies that in these
rooms are more expensive and elaborate than elsewhere.
And in these rooms the illumination must be brilliant; not
only the general illumination when guests are present, but
also the local illumination, when one wishes to read, or
write, or sew, or embroider.

General illumination, of course, means light evenly dis-
tributed through the whole of a room, while local illumina-
tion is light concentrated at one particular spot. This gen-
eral illumination is most economically and agreeably ob-
tained by wall and ceiling reflection. When walls and ceil-
ings are light in color—especially in ivory or cream—and
the ceiling is not high, light is reflected and re-reflected and
eficiency is multiplied. Twenty-five watts here produces
more illumination than one hundred watts in a room with
dark walls and ceiling. It is important to remember that the
amount of light generated in a room by no means determines
the amount of illumination. Complicated pattern and intri-
cate texture in dark tones on furniture and draperies and
walls swallow up the light. Under such circumstances lights
must be many and widely distributed, for the only luminous

January, 1912

A well-lighted @olonial nee The cut-glass disk over the table
sends down a mild illumination that can be supplemented by the extra
size (16-candle-power) lamps around it

surfaces are those of the lights themselves and their shades.
A room looks high only in proportion as luminous surfaces
meet the eye. And what the eye says about the brightness of
a room is the only real measure of illumination that we have.
In other words, the room that looks dark is dark, and no
photometer test counts in rebuttal.

Also, the most useful light for general illumination of a
residence is that which is reflected back and forth between
the heights of three and seven feet. It is in this space that
are located the persons and objects and surfaces whose
visability give character and individuality, even existence,
to a room. The floor of a room need not—indeed, should
not—be brilliantly lighted. So that the custom of covering
all or part with rugs whose pile devours the light is an ex-
cellent one from the point of illumination. Whether the
ceiling shall be brightly lighted depends upon the height of
the room as compared with its lateral dimensions.
the ceiling brilliantly increases its apparent height,
while throwing it in shadow brings it down. So
that keeping the light away from the ceiling of
small bathrooms and narrow halls and concentrat-
ing it on side walls tends to make the proportions
of these rooms more agreeable. Fixtures with
lights at about the height of six feet six, and point-
ing down, with lights and shades adjusted to give
the desired distribution, will accomplish this.

The lighting of large square halls presents the
same problems as the other master rooms. If the
ceiling is of average height and light in color, we
can utilize ceiling reflections from fixtures and
brackets with lights up. But if the walls and ceil-
ing are dark and nonreflective, we must have
many outlets with both fixtures and brackets so
placed as to give the maximum distribution later-
ally. This means that a dark, nonreflecting room
twelve feet square must have at least four wall
brackets in order to look illuminated, and in larger |
rooms there must also be one or more fixtures to
light the middle of the room. The shades on the
lights should be large in order to present a large |
area of bright surfaces.

The old-fashioned way of lighting such a room
was from fixtures only, with transparent glass
bulbs pointing down. The fixtures were usually
combination gas and electricity, and the location an inherit-
ance from the gas-only period. This style of installation is
not only wasteful but dangerous. The glowing electric
filaments burn the eyes terribly by contrast with the pre-
vailing dark surfaces, and have ruined the vision of thou-

AMERICAN HOMES AND

Lighting

A lantern in old ham.
mered brass.
panels on the under side
are a good feature, pre-
venting shadows below

GARDENS 27

The square ones commonly used would over-emphasize the squareness
characteristic of the Mission style

sands. In this respect the old-fashioned open-flame gas-
burner was far better. It does flicker, and it does vitiate
and heat the air, but the broad, yellowish flame is almost as
agreeable to the eye as that of the kerosene lamp.

Frosted bulbs are one of the most blessed inventions of
the age. They absorb ten or fifteen per cent of the light, but
increase the amount of effective illumination. With eighty-
five per cent of the light, the eye can see better than it could
with one hundred per cent. For the burning of the eye by
the filament closes the pupil and makes it inefficient. Frost-
ing also tones the light slightly towards cream. Frosted
bulbs, especially round ones, large for their power, are
ca among the most efficient distributors of agreeable
illumination. By them the quality of tungstens
and tantalums is much improved and the ultra-
whiteness softened. Many architects now recom-
mend brackets only for the main living-rooms and
chambers. Some of them seem to be inspired by
animosity toward the word “chandelier,” while
others object to any kind of ceiling light except
cove lighting or other forms of the so-called in-
direct lighting, which are wasteful as well as ‘“‘bad”’
art. Light is the most beautiful thing in the world.
It is not only beautiful in itself, but upon it de-
pends the beauty of all beautiful objects. With-
out light, they might as well be nonexistent. Care-
fully to conceal light sources is deliberately to
abandon the greatest decorative possibilities. The
work of the illuminating artist is to place and so
shade the lights correctly that they glow with
gentle, grateful radiance. A room 20x22 and
9 feet 6 inches high can be lighted perfectly well
with brackets only (one two-light and four one-
light ones), provided the color scheme of the
room is light and surfaces and textures plain and
simple. But if there are rich and heavy upholsteries
and draperies, and dark woodwork and furniture,
and brocade-paneled walls with compartment ceil-
ing, the number of bracket lights should be doubled,
and four or five lights at the ceiling will also be advisable.

Reverting to the matter of underwiring, there recently
came to the writer’s notice an instance wherein a lighting-
fixtures salesman, in default of blue-prints or wiring plans,
had distributed brackets and fixtures and lights among the

The glass

28 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

outlets according to his best judgment, the result being a
house by no means overlighted. Unfortunately, the elec-
trician had been given the wiring contract for a lump sum
and without definite specifications—just a general under-
standing to do a satisfactory job. Only after the fixtures
were up was it discovered that the circuits were overloaded,
i.e., had to carry more 16-candle-power bulbs (or their
equivalent) than is allowed by the regulations of the Na-
tional Board of Fire Underwriters. Consequently, several
two-light brackets had to be replaced by one-light brackets,
a sixty-watt tungsten substituted for three regular pear
lamps on the dining-room dome, and one ceiling fixture
omitted altogether. The only alternative was rewiring, at a
cost three times that of the original wiring. Of course, the
fixtures salesman should have insisted on plans showing the
arrangement of outlets on circuit, and the man who did the
hanging should have reported the situation before making
the installation. But they didn’t, and the electrician, not
being financially responsible, the final outcome was a poorly
lighted house and a considerable loss to the firm who sold
the fixtures. If the lighting had been planned first, and the
blue-prints marked with outlets, and lights to outlet given to
the electrician as part of his specifications, this would not
have happened.

I cannot sufficiently emphasize the difference that exists
between the simple rooms in light colors and the elaborate
rooms in dark colors. The latter take from two to five times
as much light, without being satisfactorily illuminated. With
gas there is much more reason for avoiding fixtures than
with electricity. ‘The electric bulbs can turn up or down or
at any angle, making it easy to control the field of distribu-
tion, but gas open-flames point up only, and must be kept far
from the ceiling lest they burn or smoke it. For a long time
electric fixtures copied the awkwardness necessary to open-
flame gas installation, and, of course, combination gas and
electric fixtures are still obliged to do so. Only recently did
there seem to come understanding of the completeness of
the release from cramping conditions. Now we point our
electric fixture lights up or down or at any angle, and locate
the lights in the ceiling or close to it, or eighteen inches
below it, or wherever else the best and most- agreeable
distribution can be obtained.

The open-flame gas fixture is an ugly thing that casts ugly
shadows below, and the mantle flames, pointed either up or
down are not much better. But a single mantle flame, high
in a small light room, with abundant ceiling and wall reflec-
tion, is the extreme of economy and effectiveness. Groups
of mantle flames on a single fixture destroy the attractive-
ness of a room, and burn the eye quite as badly, though
differently, as the clear glass electric bulb. Mantle flames
are best and most effective, as well as least ugly, in a large
room when installed on brackets extending far enough from
the wall to give good wall reflection. “Two of them are
sufficient to light a room 12x22. ‘This is the cheapest
illumination known in cities where the price of gas is reason-
able and the gas is of fair quality.

Of fixtures and brackets the shades are a most important
part. While frosted, round, and pear, and cone bulbs can
be used uncovered, the desire, founded on reason, to in-
crease the area while decreasing the intensity of the luminous
surface makes the use of crystal, iridescent, or opalescent
glass shades common. The crystal shades of better quality
are ground and ribbed, ground and cut, or plain ground
{roughed or frosted or sandblasted). They come in the
most various shapes and sizes, from narrow to wide, making
it possible to secure any desired distribution, and the ma-
jority of them are planned to cover the regular 16-candle-
power incandescent bulb. The light of this being slightly
orange, is very agreeable when sifted through the frosted
shade. ‘The incandescent shades are extremely interesting,

January, 1912

with their mysterious tones and rainbow tints, but only the
light ones are satisfactory from the illumination point of
view. The dark ones absorb too much light. Particularly
interesting and fairly economical of light are the pearl and
crystal iridescents. Leaded shades are satisfactory on fix-
tures and brackets in the luminous tones only—the golden
yellows and soft browns and pale greens. Silk shades are
comparatively opaque, but very beautiful, especially to direct
the light down from upward-pointing candle lights. Of
course, they are lined with white cambric to increase the
reflection. Beautiful beyond description are the carved ala-
baster bowls imported from Italy. They glow with a milky
light that brings out the beauty of the carving sufficiently,
but not too much. The designs are classic, and they demand
a classic environment. The glass imitations of alabaster are
surprisingly good and far less expensive. Alabaster bowls
and lanterns of various styles and materials are especially
suitable for entrance halls, where brilliant illumination is
not desired. The material of which most fixtures are made
is brass, which is very obedient in the foundry, or on the
lathe, or under the hammer, or in the press. It also takes
numerous finishes easily, and holds them well when they are
well applied. But the finish of very cheap fixtures is fleeting
and looks more stained and spotted after six months than it
should after six years. The metal work of very cheap fix-
tures also lacks durability, being so thin and weak that slight
knocks and injuries injure it beyond repair. ‘The finest
fixtures are made of bronze, that might be described as a
‘‘sublimated kind of brass.”” It costs much more and is more
difficult to cast and work, but is vastly harder and more dur-
able, interpreting the most delicate outlines definitely, and
deserves the reputation in the arts it acquired thousands of
years ago. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, the bronze statuettes and other objects from Roman
and pre-Roman days are a permanent testimony to its
durability.

Once polished brass and bright gilt appealed to the multi-
tude; now even they accept dull brass and dull gilt. But
there are other finishes, like antique brass and yellow bronze
and Pompeian, that should be more generally ordered. The
antique brass finish is particularly good on the hand-ham-
mered brass fixtures and brackets for Mission and rustic
rooms. Pompeian (vert antique) is above all a finish for
porches and out-of-door pieces, and for pieces in the classic
styles (being reproduced from the ancient bronzes that
during the ages turned a white and flecked green of delight-
ful texture). Yellow bronze is much warmer than dull
brass, and better for living-rooms and rooms fairly rich in
color. Gold and silver, which increases the cost by twenty
per cent, are suitable only for more expensive fixtures.

Fixtures that deserve to be put in a class by themselves
on account of their great beauty are those in carved wood
or compo, principally in the Gothic and Italian Renaissance
styles and styles derived from them. The finishes are an-
tique gold, antique silver, and antique oak, often with poly-
chrome, and the effects are large and noble without the
ponderosity of metal. Compo fixtures are at least a third
cheaper than carved wood, and do not split like wood when
subjected to moisture. But they do check and chip, slightly,
which, with reasonable care, does not injure them—rather
accentuating the antique character with which they are born.
Fixtures in similar models that will not check or chip are
those in the so-called armor bronze, which is copper-plated
compo.

Among attractive novelty fixtures are those with ground
and slightly tinted glass shades, enameled in color. ‘These
are suitable for dining-rooms and Mission-rooms and un-
conventional rooms generally. They give a very soft and
agreeable light, and have a distinct decorative character of
their own. Another feature is, they are not at all expensive.

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29

a ae | Ze mae
Qk it LBS

- 3 ye rom,
Hh

haps

Many consider the Jersey breed produces the ideal family cow, as well as being one of the most beautiful and the best all-round dairy animal

The Family Cow

By R. M. Gow

=sq)| HE cow has been so long and intimately
‘d\| identified with the domestic life of mankind
that it has been said that wherever there is
a cow there is a home. Home is not home
without a mother, and without a cow it is
not so much of a home as it is possible for
the very climax of the domestic calamities

x to’ be.- As
enumerated in the old Scotch song, “Auld Robin Gray,” the

le bye)

“coo was stolen awa’.’”’ The home may be a peasant’s turf
hut in Scotland, a log cabin in the wilds, a board shanty, a
modern suburban home or a multi-millionaire’s palace, yet
the meek and patient cow is ever an important and valuable
adjunct. She accompanied our American pioneers as they
journeyed ever westward to people the wilderness and
found homes, helping to haul the family wagon as well as
to sustain its members, as they carried with them—

“A book and piow and pen,
A cow and sickle and seeds;
Yea, all God needs
For the making of men.”’
For many of us the family cow occupies a prominent place
in those pictures which memory draws of “‘our life’s morn-
ing march, when our bosoms were young”’; and although we
may have attained to circumstances of affluence and even
luxury, we sometimes sigh:

“‘O, for festal dainties spread
Like my bowl of milk and bread,
Pewter spoon and bowl of wood
On the doorstep gray and rude!”’
What then more natural than that, in these days when so
many are returning to the land, we should consider the cow
as almost a necessity to the completeness of our country or
suburban home? Waiving all sentiment, there is no better

aid to pleasant and economic housekeeping than that derived

from the dairy product of the cow, the source of some of
the best and most wholesome of foods, and of the most
necessary and universal delicacies of the table, either alone
or as culinary necessities.

The family cow should be a producer—that is to say, her
yield of milk should be generous in quantity, rich in quality
or percentage of butter-fat and casein, and persistent the
year around. In her selection, therefore, knowledge of
dairy type and conformation is necessary, for dairy quality
and perfection of dairy type are very apt to be found in
combination in the same animal, although there are excep-
tions to the rule, and the ultimate criterion is the milkpail
and the butter-fat test. The conformation of the good
dairy cow should be somewhat like a wedge, thin in the front
quarters and wide in the hinder, looking from the head.
The side view of the body should present much greater
depth at the flanks than the front, with the ribs well rounded
out and a capacious paunch. This latter shows capacity for
food, the raw material for the animal to turn into milk. The
line of the back should be reasonably straight, but the older
animals will drop some at the loins under the continued
weight of the digestive organs and calf-bearing. The rump
should be straight and broadly arched. The head should
be clean cut, with bright and prominent eyes and a broad
muzzle, the sign of a good feeder, and large distended
nostrils show constitution. ‘The neck should be thin. The
most important feature to study is the udder. It should
be capacious, flexible to feeling with the hand, with teats
evenly placed and of such size as to be easily handled. The
udder should extend well posteriorly, attached high up be-
hind and run well forward. Large milk-veins should charac-
terize the mature animal, indicating a good supply of blood
to the udder, needful for the production of a large yield of

milk. The thighs should curve well outward, to accommo-
date such an udder.

Of course, the family cow should be a healthy animal.
All breeds are equally susceptible to bovine tuberculosis, and
while the degree of the communicability of this disease to
man is the subject of debate, no one would knowingly risk
using the milk of an infected animal. ‘The tuberculin test
should be insisted on before purchase, and even then pur-
chase should be made only from a reputable breeder or
dealer, as animals may be “‘plugged’”’—1i. e., the tuberculin
may be injected a short time before the test so that the ani-
mal may not react to it. A healthy animal, kept for family
use in sanitary surroundings, is not apt to contract the dis-
ease. Some of the dairy breeds are of more delicacy of
build than others, but it should be remembered that delicacy
of conformation is not by any means the same as delicacy
of constitution, nor does coarseness indicate strength.
Beauty is a very desirable characteristic of any domestic
animal, even the cow, and therefore is worthy of considera-
tion, for beauty combined with utility should be the keynote
of all our domestic economies.

Enumerating what the family cow should be and what
requirements she should fulfill raises the question, What
breed possesses them in the highest degree? For it is to be
presumed that the family cow is to be a thoroughbred, not a
nondescript or mongrel. ‘The various breeds of dairy cattle
have been developed under different circumstances, and with
somewhat different purposes in view, and each of them,
therefore, although possessing much in common, has distinct
characteristics. Some breeds of cattle have been bred for
generations for the production of beef; on the other hand,
the various dairy breeds have been bred as producers of
milk, or butter, or cheese, and one or all of these it is the
function of the family cow to provide. The four prominent
breeds of dairy cattle are the Holstein, Ayrshire, Guernsey
and Jersey, the last two being known as the Channel
Island breeds. In size and weight these breeds run in the
order in which they are mentioned, the Holstein being larg-
est and the Jersey smallest.

The big Holstein is a showy animal in the pasture, from
her clear black and white map-like markings. <A native
of the lush, damp, bottom-lands of Holland, she likes a
cool climate and level pastures, and has not been found well
suited to warm climates and hillside grazings. She is a very
heavy milker when fresh, is very popular with raisers of
market milk, the low percentage of solids natural to Hol-
stein milk not being a detriment when milk is sold with re-
gard to quantity only.

The Ayrshire has long been the favorite dairy cow of
Scotland, where she has had to find her living on wide ranges
of hilly pasture. This has made her a good rustler where
there is plenty of scope for her activity, and she fits in where
the Holstein is not so suitable. Her advocates claim for her

st breed

This shows a typical Guernsey cow of fine

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

cheapness in the production of milk solids, “toughness” and
“ruggedness.’’ Ayrshires have usually much white on them,
with straight backs and prominent horns.

The Channel Island breeds, the Jersey and the Guernsey,
have much in common, and their qualities are such as to par-
ticularly recommend these breeds for the family cow. Both
give rich milk and have been developed in close intimacy
with the family on small farms, attended to mainly by the
women on the small islands whose names distinguish these
breeds. The Guernsey is red and white in color, and some-
what larger and more heavily built than the Jersey. Her
advocates claim her to be a cheap, or economical, producer
of butter-fat. Her milk is of a rich yellowish color, caused
by a natural pigment, which is harmless, but adds nothing
to the nutritive value of the milk.

A dairy authority of national reputation has said that the
Jersey is one of the most beautiful animals ever developed
by man. She is of various shades of fawn color, with more
or less white markings; but many are entirely solid colored.
The young animals are deer-like in their grace and beauty.
Their friends claim much more than beauty for the Jersey,
however, and in great public competitive tests they have
been declared the most economical producers of milk for all
purposes, and also of butter-fat. Many consider the Jersey
the ideal family cow, as well as being the best all-round dairy
animal. She is well fitted by size and disposition for the
circumscribed area of the home pasture and the home sur-
roundings, and is a very persistent milker.

The advocates of all the breeds claim special points for
them as dairy animals, and doubtless each breed has its place
and profitable herds of all may easily be found. A dairy
paper has tabulated the qualities of the dairy breeds, as
demonstrated in public trials, which is condensed below.
Flavor of dairy products depends on the feed of the cow,
cleanliness in handling her products, and her health, and not
on breed.

COMPARISON OF DAIRY BREEDS.

Size is not an important consideration in the dairy cow,
and great size is rather a detriment than otherwise in the
family cow. Allowing four counts for first place in the other
columns, three counts for second place, two counts for third,
and one count for fourth, they sum up as follows: Jersey,
15; Guernsey, 14; Ayrshire, 13; Holstein, 8.

Although people usually like best the breed they have been
most used to, the acknowledged beauty of the Jersey in con-
formation and coloring is an important addition to her other
qualities, and warrants a column in any comparison table.

i esalacaniatiniaal
POC
S inlneadel
Ce neal
ela
eS,
ane.
“eam
aT
BNR:
aos

pats: ae
“abn PEE Te

ae = oe sai
A typical Jersey cow of pedigree, bred in America

January, 1912

UNITY IN INTERIOR DECORATION
By Harry Martin Yeomans

=0q]| HEN planning the furnishings for the house
ld) of moderate size, one is apt to select color
schemes and furniture from the point of
view of each room as a separate problem in
itself, without reference to the relationship
of all the rooms in the same house, one to
the other. A small house loses a great deal of its charm
when this feeling of unity is lacking, giving one the impres-
sion that the right hand did not let the left hand know what
it was doing in the matter of furnishing, and that the whole
scheme has not been controlled by one mind. Unity does
not necessarily spell monotony, and although each room of
a house should fulfill the purpose for which it is designed,
it should also “feel at home” with its neighbor across the
hall. One authority on interior decoration has gone so far
as to say that all of the rooms on the same floor of a house
should be so decorated that if the partitions should sud-
denly disappear, one large room would be left, the furnish-
ings of which would blend into a harmonious whole. This
may seem a bit far-fetched, but it illustrates the point. One
may have an interest in different styles of decoration, but it
is a dangerous procedure to attempt to incorporate them all
in one house. Each may be good individually, but ‘Will
they look well together ?”’ is the question to be considered.
C. style which is especially pleasing to the homemaker
should be selected to form the keynote for the whole
decorative scheme. If one is fond of white paint and bright,
cheerful colors on the walls, the ever-pleasing Colonial sug-
gests itself. Wall-paper and Colonial reproductions of all

kinds can easily be obtained now, so that the Colonial spirit

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

WittN ide HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration. _ r
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

& ASS y
SS < »)
% < C3} | DN

x
=
Y

\ re

Stamps

can be carried out from the knocker on the front door to
the fragrant Bayberry dips in the brass candlesticks.
GAIN, if one admires the grain of woods after they have
been stained, waxed, or fumed, and strong but sober
colors in wall coverings and in hangings, it is best to adopt
a scheme which will enable one to have their attributes
around and about. All of the so-called Mission styles of
furniture—pieces built on severe lines—require strong back-
grounds and woodwork trims finished in a dark wood stain.
The beautiful grain of dull, dark wood will be found in all
of the oak and walnut furniture patterned after Flemish
and early English models, and one has endless beautiful re-
productions of Jacobean and other periods to choose from.
In a house to meet this phase one can build up a beautiful
dining-room, for instance, around an oak gate-leg table and
some Windsor chairs, all finished in dark brown stain.
Y furnishing a house with the idea of unity in mind, one
is enabled to preserve relative values in colors and tex-
tures of wood and fabrics, so that one scheme blends into
the other as progress is made from room to room. ‘The
house of limited extent will also appear more spacious when
marked contrasts are avoided, and surely more homelike.
IN THE CHINESE TASTE
HERE was a great vogue for things Chinese during the
last half of the eighteenth century, the Chinese influence
making itself felt in the period of Louis XV, and Chippen-
dale used Chinese frets and motifs in some of the furniture
which he designed “‘in the Chinese taste.”” The lacquers were
very popular, and pieces of furniture (especially chairs in the
Queen Anne style) were covered with black lacquer having
Chinese designs scattered over them. ‘The black chintzes
and other Chinese figured chintzes which accompanied this
lacquered furniture have been revived in modern fabrics

Some examples of wall-paper and two-patterned fabrics in the Chinese style of covering most of the background, again becoming very popular

and in wall-papers. The black chintzes are not exactly
what their name implies, for they are not really black, but
are gaily patterned in brilliant colors against black grounds.
Large bunches of conventional flowers, parrots, pagodas
and branches of trees, all treated in the Chinese style, are
usually the decoration. ‘The colors are all very vivid and
the designs are well distributed, so as to cover up most of
the background. These chintzes are very attractive in them-
selves when properly employed. As black-grounded chintzes
were inspired by the black lacquers and porcelains, having
a black background, and their characteristics of design being
essentially Chinese, these chintzes would look best in a room
where the Chinese note is accentuated. A room papered
in one of the Chinese figured papers, harmonizing with the
hangings and upholstery, is very attractive, and the same
sort of papers and fabrics look especially well in a room
having brown-stained furniture of the cottage type, or with
willow-ware and the Singalese and Chinese hour-glass chairs
now imported and for sale in eastern shops. Chinese em-
broideries, or even Japanese prints framed in narrow, flat,
black moldings, and Geisha lampshades,
with their black lacquered frames, help to
tie the color scheme of such a room to-
gether. Such a treatment is suitable for a
room having a great deal of sunlight.
A LIBRARY LIVING-ROOM

ay interesting arrangement for the living-

room was seen in a recently completed
small house in the suburbs of Boston. The
owner desired a large living-room, so instead
of dividing the lower floor west of the hall
into two rooms, as originally planned, he
decided to leave it in one spacious room
running the entire depth of the house. The
French windows at the rear opened onto a
brick-paved terrace, and from the living-
room one could catch pleasant vistas of an
old-fashioned garden beyond the terrace.

LTHOUGH there was no actual line of

demarcation visible, it was decided to
have the end of the room, beyond the
chimney-breast and facing on the terrace,
do duty as a library, while the remainder
and larger portion would be the family sitting-room. <A
wainscoting of simple panels extended around the room,
with the exception of the spaces at the library end, which
were filled with built-in bookshelves. The woodwork was
stained a dark rich brown, and above the wainscoting the
wall was covered with a neutral orange-toned paper, the tone
of which varied to a slight degree, the paper having the ap-
pearance of leather, forming a most excellent background.

Light ground chintz in the Chinese
' style

January, 1912

HE furniture, of dark oak, was built on straightforward

lines and resembled the lighter Mission furniture to a
certain extent. The legs and main structural parts of the
furniture had been turned, which eliminated the extreme
angularity and heaviness which is characteristic of most
Mission furniture, and the pieces had the appearance of
some of the old English furniture of turned wood.

PAPERING AND FURNISHING A COLONIAL DINING-ROOM

READER requests a suggestion for papering a large

dining-room having ivory-white woodwork, and asks
what furniture would look well therein. A gray striped
paper or a plain gray oatmeal paper will combine beauti-
fully with the ivory-white paint. As for the furniture, re-
productions in mahogany of a table and chairs after the
designs of Hepplewhite are excellent for the dining-room
of a house which is being carried out in the Colonial spirit.
A built-in china-closet could take the place of a side-
board, and a little servingtable of the same sttyle used.
One sees these built-in closets in a great many Colonial
houses throughout the country.

Over-curtains of yellow armure will go
well with the gray paper, if one thinks that
it is desirable to have draperies in such a
room, other than the pane curtains.

For lighting purposes simple brass side-
lights are suggested, in the form of electric
candles with Empire shades. ‘These, to-
gether with candlesticks on the table, will
light a dining-room of this description
beautifully, to which could be added a cen-
tral light having a yellow silk shade, if
desired.

SUGGESTIONS FOR REPAPERING A HALLWAY

NOTHER correspondent wishes advice
A in the matter of repapering a hallway.
From the sample of paper sent and a memo-
randum of the hall’s dimensions, the trouble
with the old scheme of papering is instantly
apparent. ‘The hall is too small to stand a
paper having such large figures. A paper
with a large, bold pattern always has a
tendency to make a room appear smaller,
and this undoubtedly has been the case in
this instance. As this hall is evidently merely a passageway
and entry to the house, and as the correspondent desires one-
tone effects, one heartily recommends adopting a one-tone ef-
fect in this hall, also in the other rooms on the lower floor,
for in this way the effect of more space will be obtained, as
one-tone papers will make your rooms appear larger. Should
the correspondent decide to repaper the hall, we advise using
a plain light tan, or a two-toned striped tan-colored paper.

January, 1912

WITH THE NEW YEAR

Soasmama | AY the New Year be a happy circlet of joy-
Bee de|| ous days to bind the forthcoming months
upon the future’s memory. It almost seems
as though old earth has left the landscape
bereft of Summer’s green things recurrently
to teach us to hold gratitude in our hearts
toward Mother Nature, when she shall come again to
shower upon us from her bounty the flowers of Springtime,
the foliage of Summer, and the fruits of Autumn. This
month will see Yuletide past and the taking down of all the
holiday greens that have decked our walls, following the
old custom built upon the superstition that neither a bit of
Holly nor of Mistletoe must be permitted to remain in the
house after Twelfth Night.

HERE is little to do in the actual garden in northern

latitudes this month beyond pruning
grapes, peach trees, currants, and some
other small fruits. But indoors, one will
find plenty of gardening things to keep
his interest fresh in matters of this sort.
There is next Summer’s garden to be
thought about even now, when one has
time to plan for it, and, having learned
the valuable lessons the experience of
the season past has taught, to profit by
applying the garden knowledge he has
attained toward a better garden the
coming season. Indeed, being deter-
mined to have the coming garden sur-
pass the one that vanished with the ap-
proach of Jack Frost is a resolution as
commendable as any on the New Year’s
list. One may walk over the frozen
ground now and decide where the plant-
ing shall be placed when the Spring
months arrive. Furthermore, the gar-
den planner can lay out his projected
garden upon paper, and with the help
of a careful study of the catalogues of
seedsmen and nurserymen determine in
advance just what sort of a garden he
will come to have. Like everything else,
a garden should be a matter for careful
consideration, and if one takes the time
to decide in January what he will begin
to carry out in April and May, we may
feel pretty certain that a garden so
planned will prove much more attractive,
more economic of time, and also more
easily constructed than one devised upon
the spur of the ever-fleeting moment.

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

A delightful garden seat and birdhouse co
bined. Such features as this, one can now be
planning for next Summer’s garden

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 33

000520000 fx (CI) egoccedocco fs ee
Ayound the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

£
=
G

RS fe)
| 3 QOCOGHOCOO

a
ny

HEN some stormy night, when the Winter winds are

almost shaking the house like the breath of invisible
Titans, it will seem nice to settle down in some snug corner
to read the things concerning the garden one has not had
time to look up before. There will be the study of soils,
fertilizers, fruit raising, hotbed arrangement— in fact, al-
most a thousand and one things worth taking the time now
to learn about if one would hope to have a beautiful garden

in which to take pride and pleasure when the Goddess Flora

once again deigns to visit the land of mortals.

HE amateur gardener who has built himself a small

greenhouse will be taking much interest in it at this time.
He should not forget that Pansies, Petunias, Verbenas,
Daisies, Forget-Me-Nots, and many other seeds may be
started in the greenhouse at this time. In the old green-
house, the shelves and plant-benches must be looked after,
and if these are found to be rotting they must be sprayed
with copper sulphate and whitewashed.

N looking forth over the snow-

covered lawn, the homemaker will
find the eye resting with relief upon the
brown stems of shrub and tree-like lacey
patterns. [he home landscape would
be dreary enough in Winter-time without
just such contrasting notes to lend it
color, and, bearing that in mind, one
should resolve to plant Evergreens and
shrubs for just such effects where now
they are lacking, in order to make the
prospect more interesting when another
January shall have come around.

THE CYCLAMEN

HERE is scarcely a lovelier flower

for indoors than the Cyclamen.
Those who have traveled in foreign
lands will recall the exquisitely fragrant
and waxen-like blossoms of this dainty
plant in its native haunts of the moun-
tain lands of Greece, of Sicily, and its
abundant growth on the mountainous
island of Capri, in the Bay of Naples,
forming one of the pleasantest memories
of an Italian Springtime. In the Isle
of Wight it is a favorite plant for in-
doors, and in America we are coming to
appreciate its beauty more and more
every year and to give it a prominent
place in our windows at mid-Winter.
The various sorts of Cyclamen (Cycla-
men persicum) are usually raised from
seed sown in Autumn in a heated green-
house to produce corms (as the roots
are called) later. These corms may be

34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

purchased from nurserymen, but this must be done in the
Summer or Autumn season. In mid-Winter the grown
plants, budded or in full bloom, may be obtained from any
Horist. However, if one wishes to try his hand at raising
the plants from the start, seeds may be purchased and
started in hotbeds or indoors in flats from January to the
end of February. Cyclamen seeds should be planted in the
soil at a depth of a little over twice their length, and they
must be kept moist continually, though never left wet or
soaking. Probably it will take the seeds three or four
weeks to germinate. By the end of May the young plants
may be removed to cold-frames. An eastern location is
best for them. When they have been set out ten inches
apart (the roots must be handled tenderly in the process)
and have obtained some growth, little trenches should be
made between the plants to receive, weekly, liquid manure.
Then in the late Autumn they may be lifted and potted in
six-inch pots, with a potting soil of loam and well-rotted
manure. An east window exposure is best for them in-
doors, and the temperature should be cool and even where
they are placed, and the plants sprayed daily. If one wishes
to save the corms of plants that have already been in blos-
som, watering should be gradually lessened from day to
day, until at last only enough is allowed to keep the roots
from becoming absolutely dry. Then keep the corms cool
during the Summer, turning them in the sandbox from side
to side, never allowing them to dry out completely. They
will be ready to set out in the fall. Mice are very fond of
the Cyclamen corms, and care must be taken in storing
these. The writer does not know if attention has been
called to the fact that as soon as the blossoms have faded
the stems of the Cyclamen begin to curl downward, burying
the little seed pod in the soil near the base of the plant. This
seems one of nature’s ingenious devices for keeping the seeds
from birds. Among the recommended varieties of the
Cyclamen are White Butterfly and Snowflake (white),
Princess May (pink), Bush Hill Pioneer (various colors),

January,

Ig12

An idea for the garden from foreign shores. Decorative plant-sticks for
children’s gardens and for use as supports in potted house-plants

Purple King (crimson), Salmon King (salmon), and Ro-
coco, which has beautifully fringed flowers. One hundred
seeds will cost from one to two and one half dollars, accord-
ing to varieties, when purchased from any reliable seedman.

Highly recommended pink and white varieties of the Cyclamen, one of the most attractive and exquisitely scented flowering plants for indoors

January, 1912

CONCERNING THE BREAKFAST

By Elizabeth Atwood
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and others

has pce a somewhat ae meal.
We have acquired the habit of late hours in
city living, which has crept into country liv-
ing as well, and eleven o'clock for re-
tiring is no longer considered very late,
as it was two generations ago. Under the conditions
of the trend of habits in our civilization it is small wonder
that breakfast becomes a lively scrabble. This is all wrong.
Breakfast should be a meal where the family come together
for inspiration for the day. Commuters form a large por-
tion of our city workers, and the conclusion one comes to
most naturally is this—they would not be commuters if they
did not have children to be benefitted by a life in the country.
OW breakfast is the only meal where the family, as a
whole, can come together. Late dinners being neces-
sary, the young children are
in bed, or should be at such
an hour. Breakfast-time is
the only part of the day, for
six days of the week, when
the father can become really
acquainted with these young
members of his household.
As for families where there
are no children—well, the
same rule holds good. I have
always had a feeling that the
man who takes his coffee
alone has a pretty poor start
for his day’s work. Even
the guests under my roof
came under this influence of
breakfasting together. Fif-
teen minutes or half an hour
do not make a large differ-
ence in one’s rest, but utilized
in preparing for the family reunion in the morning, the time
means just the difference between a jolly, sociable meal to
put the traveler on his way, or a scrappy, one-at-a-time kind
of an enforced “feed.” Our English homemakers surely
felt this regard for the breakfast-time, for they always had
a breakfast-room, where a more intimate and social meal
could be enjoyed than in the more formal dining-room.
HE Continental “rolls and coffee’ have invaded this
country, and frequently they are served to one in bed,
or in the chamber. This is the case in homes where cor-
responding luxury does not exist. The least that a house-
wife can do is to be up and see that the breakfast-time is

HELPS TO THE
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

The well-laid table of an inviting breakfast suggests the day’s start in
the right direction

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ry;

EE flcoonfooot

<
a
a

to see that the meal is served

made sweet and cheerful;
neatly; see that the “rolls and coffee” are served hot. The
guests should feel this same responsibility to their host, and
in this way show their appreciation of his hospitality. I
know this can be done, for I have lived it. We were an
hour’s ride from the city and a mile from the station, with
few trains. It was necessary to have breakfast early, and
we were always ready to sit down together when the family
numbered a baker’s dozen. Even people of lazy habits fell
in line—and enjoyed it.
AVING settled that all people under one roof should
meet at breakfast in the morning, the next thing is that
the table and food be as carefully prepared as the more
formal dinner. There are many homes of fair exterior
where dinners are given with exquisite care and taste, and
yet where breakfast is served in ‘‘any old way’’—sometimes
even in the kitchen. This may help the housewife in the
saving of steps, but she loses more than she gains. If there
is a maid, the housewife should be on hand to make sure
that whatever is served is served in the best possible man-
ner. How can a maid be ex-
pected to have this interest if
the housewife does not?
REAKFAST is now a
lighter meal than we used
to make it. Cereals have be-
come so common that all can
have them. It is within my
recollection that we had to
go to a druggist for oatmeal,
used only in cases of illness,
and then the price was much
more than it is now. Few
young cooks realize that
there is an art in cooking
even oatmeal. It is not all
when you mix it with water
and leave it in the double-
boiler to do the rest. On
your package you are told to
mix it in boiling water, salted
to taste. Who knows how salted water should taste? And
who cares to taste uncooked porridge? ‘This is a safe rule
to go by: To one cup of oatmeal, add two and a quarter
cups of hot water, in which a small teaspoon of salt has
been dissolved. You are told that you do not need to stir
it. I think you do. At least I find it necessary to do so.
You are told that twenty-five minutes is enough to cook it;
I do not think less than an hour is enough. If you are not
an early riser, cook your oatmeal the afternoon before and
leave it in the double-boiler; then a few minutes in the
morning will heat it for serving, or a thorough soaking over
night will materially reduce the time required for boiling it.

36 AMERICAN

HE same is true of corn-

meal. ‘Hasty pudding,”
as it is called, may have had
its name given it in sarcasm,
for cornmeal which has been
cooked an hour is infinitely
better than when cooked only
half an hour. How many
know the joy of eating fried
cornmeal mush? Pack firmly
in a bowl the mush left from
breakfast: Hor the next
morning, slice, dip in egg and
then in breadcrumbs, or dip
in flour; then fry in hot fat,
being sure to have a gener-
ous supply of the fat in the
griddle. Served with maple
syrup, or with crispy
browned bacon (not burned on the edges) this is a deli-
cious breakfast dish.

ICE is another thing which many fail to cook properly,

and is a fine cereal for breakfast. For many years this
has been our Sunday morning cereal, served with maple
syrup, and two daughters with homes of their own are now
serving it to their children. Take about a gallon of water,
or any large kettle nearly full; put in a heaping tablespoon
of salt. When this is boiling madly, pour in slowly one or
two cups of rice, according to your needs. Keep stirring
until boiling begins again. The rapid boiling keeps the
kernels of rice moving, and the horrid mushiness so often
found in rice is avoided. After twenty minutes of rapid
boiling (not twenty minutes from the time you put the rice
on) drain dry in a coarse sieve and put back in kettle in a
hot place, where it should steam for five minutes. Each
kernel will be found perfect, and the whole will be puffy,
instead of mush-like. Rice griddle-cakes, if made right and
then cooked properly, are very delicious. Take one cup of
rice, one cup of milk, one heaping teaspoon of baking
powder, half a teaspoon of salt, and flour enough to make
a stiff batter. Try one cake, and add flour if too thin, or
milk if too thick. Be sure to have the fat quite deep, for
rice cakes take up more fat than any other.

WONDER if many of our younger housewives realize
the difference between the old-time buckwheat cakes and

this ready-to-cook buckwheat flour? Just try this rule once
to see how your grandmother used to make them. I believe
you will think them worth the extra trouble. Take two
cups of buckwheat flour, half a cake of compressed yeast, a
small teaspoonful of salt, half a cup of cornmeal, and two
tablespoonfuls of molasses. Use enough tepid water to
make a thin batter; beat briskly, and put in a warm place
for the night. A crock is thought to be the best thing to mix
this batter in. In the morn-
ing, put in a quarter of a tea-
spoon of soda. This is the
season when these fine cakes
are supposed to be the least
harmful. I do not share in
the common fear with regard
to them. Moderation,
coupled with good cheer, are
all that is needed. If one is
sour and disagreeable, and in
silence eats fifteen of these
cakes, he ought to pay the
penalty; but he ought not to
blame the cakes.

O you realize, you house-

wife, how few cooks

HOMES AND

Toast arranged as here shown will never become soggy and heavy and
an unfit adjunct to the breakfast

The housewife should see that the rolls are served hot

GARDENS January, 1912
understand the art of making
good toast? A bit of bread
burned on the edges and pale
in the center, with a dab of
butter here and there, which
melts through to the other
side, leaving the intervening
places dry, is not good toast.
I have never been able to do
many things while making
toast without the toast suffer-
ing. I have found it a good
plan to have all the rest of
the breakfast ready before
starting on the toast; then,
with close attention, con-
stantly turning and changing,
a delicate, brown, crisp slice
of toast is the result. I pre-
fer to have all the slices browned before I begin to but-
ter them, and I think it best to have the butter somewhat
soft. I always pile the toast, after it is buttered, in log-
cabin style, for this will prevent it steaming and thus be-
coming soft. Keep the toast in the oven till ready to serve,
and a fine crisp article will be the result.
HERE are so many ways of making coffee that it is
hard to decide which way is the best. I, belonging as
I do to the old-fashioned class of cooks, prefer the good old
way, made with an egg. In these days of exorbitant prices,
I cannot always do this. However, this I can and always
do. I save all my eggshells, I put the shells of two eggs
into the coffee-pot with four tablespoons of coffee. On this
I put four cups of cold water, and allow this to stand for
about fifteen minutes, after which I place it on the hot part
of the stove to boil up quickly; then it is set back where it
will keep hot till served. It is always clear. When my egg-
shells give out I use my percolator, and notice the loss in
flavor at once, although the same coffee is used in both cases.
REAT care should always be used to have the fruit
served attractively. Always avoid mussiness of every
kind, and try to vary this part of your breakfast menu.
Cooked fruits, particularly apples, are always good, and are
even preferred by many. A rich, juicy green apple, for
instance, with its core taken out and the hollow filled with
sugar, a small pinch of salt to each apple, and a little cin-
namon sifted over all, is a fine dish. I always put a little
water in the pan, and a luscious syrup is formed, which does
away with the need of cream.
HE light breakfast of fruit, cereal, and rolls or toast
with coffee is certainly a boon to the housewife who does
her own work. I am not an advocate of those uncooked
cereals, or, rather, the cereals which only need to be put in
the oven for a few minutes. I think the freshly-cooked
cereal will generally tempt
even a jaded appetite. An
egg cooked as a person pre-
fers, or an omlet—these fur-
nish ‘staying’ qualities,
needed sometimes by the ac-
tive workers of a household.
UT the thing most need-
ed is the jollity, the com-
radeship, too often lost. In
this beginning of the new
year let one of the resolu-
tions be to have a care of
other members of the house-
hold, and by a gracious pres-
ence bring more joy in the
family.

January, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix

PAPER-BAG COOKERY OF YESTER-
DAY

HE using of paper bags for the cooking
of foods is not a new idea by any means,
although the making of bags for this special
purpose may be. More than fifty years ago
the reliable cookbook of that day gives this
suggestion in cooking a haunch of venison:
“Lay over the fat a large sheet of brown
paper, well buttered and securely tied on
with twine. Place it before a good, steady
fire, and let it roast from three to four
hours, according to its size. After roasting
well for three hours, remove the covering of
paper and baste the meat well all over.”
For more than twenty years, when roast-
ing a fowl of doubtful years, I have put it
in a common paper bag for the first part of
the cooking. When the bag is well tied at
the opening, it is easy to understand that a
perfect steaming process takes place, which
will convert the toughest fowl into a tender,
delicious bird. All the flavor is kept in,
and also the flavor of the dressing penetrates
the flesh of the fowl under this process,
more completely than when left open in a
hot oven during the time required to cook
the fowl ordinarily.

KITCHEN LITERATURE
By ELIZABETH ATWOOD

oC those who are interested in the
subject have any idea of how many
books on cooking are published, and, also,
how many troubled housekeepers have ab-
solutely no kitchen literature in their homes.
Our grandmothers always had their “re-
ceipt-books,” in which the well-tried recipes
of their friends were safely kept; but they
were vitally interested in the results ob-
tained, and personally superintended the
process, if they did not do the work.

More than a hundred years ago printed
cookbooks were started. Fifty-seven years
ago, T. B. Peterson, then running a maga-
zine for women, published in Philadelphia
“Miss Leslie's New Cookery Book.” One
newspaper of the day said: “To the young
wife about to enter upon the untried scenes
of catering for a family, this book may be
termed a blessing.” Miss Leslie must have
catered to the well-to-do only, for on the
very first page she advises hunting up poor
people—‘“people to whom their broken
victuals would be acceptable.” How very
different the viewpoint is now! More and
more writers of cookbooks are realizing
the need of teaching young housekeepers
how to utilize leftovers, and how to present
them to the family in attractive form.

Specializing has entered the field, and we
have books of a thousand salads, a thousand
soups, etc. What a boon even to the ex-
perienced housekeeper are these classified
suggestions! Harper’s “Cook-Book En-
cyclopaedia”’ is another truly helpful book,
to say nothing of all the works of our well-
known cooks, who have become writers,
and in this way made it possible for all to
learn them. What is not so widely known
is the fact that every language and almost
every dialect has a cookbook of its own.
either in the original or translated. How
many kitchens are equipped with these
helps?

The larger number of these many cook-
books are found in homes where “compe-
tent” help may be employed; help who are
capable of getting up a fine meal and who
understand the principles of cookery. But
what about the vast number of “green”
helpers? These fall to the share of those
who cannot afford the more costly “com-
petents,” who often are green only in lack
of knowledge of our language and customs.

We Have Been Serving Home
Gardeners for 58 Years

Shrewd people buy merchandise from established houses
—houses that will be im business when they need service.
Why should not a planter buy his Trees, Shrubs, Vines,
Roses, Bulbs and Seeds with the same precaution? How
disappointing it is when your trees or shrubs have leaved out
to find something you did not order—something you do not
want. Have you ever had this experience? Don’t take

any risk when ordering. Buy direct of the producer and at
first cost. We have a reputation at stake. Haye been in
business 58 years and expect to continue indefinitely. You
always know where to find us. 47 Greenhouses, 1,200 Acres.

Postal Brings Two Big Books Free
Send now for our 168-page catalog No. 2, or for Fruit and
Ornamental Tree catalog No. 1; both free. Satisfaction
guaranteed. (39)
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.
Box 789 Painesville, Ohio

i i

| lr Na IN |

X |Two Magnificent Books on Home Building} **g2 77°"

ul
Modern Dwellings—9x12 in. 200 Illus. BOTH Beautifully
| ($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans . $1.50 BOOKS Get
} American Homes—150 Illustrations
($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans . $1.00 3
One good new idea,

These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in while :
= o 5 you are planning
Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c. j your home, is worth the
For those who are Planning to Build price of many books.

=11GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Arckitects, Knoxville, Tenn. | Circular FREE

TI I \ jt A \

J It ! ~- U Mie

$2.00 These Books First

The day-in and day-out wear on sinks
demands material of the utmost durability.
‘That means porcelain.

Mott’s Imperial Solid Porcelain Sinks (white) have
a thickness of over two inches, giving them unusual
strength. Being made in one piece without joints,
and glazed inside and out, they are easily kept clean.
This insures the preparation of food under whole-
some and sanitary conditions and protects health.

Our Colonial Porcelain Ware (buff colored) is sani-
tary and durable, but less expensive than white.

“MODERN PLUMBING’’—For complete information re-
garding bathrooms or kitchen equipment, write for ‘* Modern
Plumbing,’’ an 80-page booklet illustrating 24+ model bath-
room interiors ranging in cost from $73 to $3,000. Sent on
request with 4 cents for postage. In writing please mention
if you are especially interested in kitchen and pantry plumbing.

tun) ck Morr lron Works

1828 EIGHTY-FOUR YEARS SUPREMACY 1912

FirTH AVENUE and SEVENTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK

BRANCHES Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Minneapolis, Washington,

St. Louis, New Orleans, Denver, San. Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Port-

land (Ore.), Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Columbus, O., Kansas City, Salt Lake City. Hii}

CANADA: 138 Bleury Street, Montreal. WII
WINN

AAACN

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Two Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of
caring for garbage, deep in the ground in
metal receiver holding heavy galvanized
bucket with bail. No freezing. No odors.
Avoid the battered can and scattered refuse
resulting from removal of frozen contents.
Health demands it.

=s"2-——_ | Underground Garbage Receiver
| rbot Refuse Receiver

SECOND: This clean, convenient
way .of disposing of ashes from furnace
or hot water heater, cellar and yard
refuse. Fireproof, flush with floor.
Abolish the old ash-barrel.

Nine Years in practical use.

IT PAYS TO LOOK US UP.
Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each,
Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfg.

21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

House Plants

The Dracena is an excellent
house plant with its magni- }
ficent leaves falling gracefully
about the stems; it isquite as f
sraceful and in some respects }
,} as popular as the Palm.
We have a large stock of J
Winter House plants, fully
described in our catalogue,
which we send free.
COMPETENT GARDEN- |
ERS AND ASSISTANTS
Any lady or gentleman re-
quiring their servicescanhave
them by applying to us. No
fees. Please give particulars regarding place.

Julius Roehrs Co. Rutherford, N. J. |

Opens with the Foot

*mace wae. 1

eS)
Dracena Victoria

Exotic
Nurseries

Easy to sweep into oF, EE La ae ee Ge an

ee MORGAN DOORS
DON’T COOK THE COOK J] | csacksrshtink. writelor ine catalog of feriora
ae MORGAN CO. Dept. A Oshkosh, Wis.

We | “ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

*‘It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for “‘Economy Way”’
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Gas is automatic,

Bristol’s Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically
record indoor and outdoor atmos-
pheric temperatures. Useful and

‘ornamental for country homes.
’ Write for illustrated Bulletin No.
124 and No. 125.

THE BRISTOL CO.

Waterbury, Connecticut

““ Economy ”” Sanitary and Net-Poisonous

Are you ever
going to build?

If so, you might just as well try to do without nails as §
without the Annual Building Number of HOUSE & &
GARDEN. It will tell you how to secure the mcst
economical and convenient floor plan, what it would ccsi §
to substitute stucco or stonework for shingles on the out- §
side walls, what are the merits and defects of the various §
heating systems, how to secure a paneled interior without
great expense, how tiling could be used for walls, floors
and decoration, how to insure a dry cellar, how to select
lighting fixtures to fit your appropriation, what are the
newest things in decorative hardware, how to install a
sewage disposal plant, what are the best types of casement
windows. It will help you to decide whether you want

Drive the Nail home right

| now—the first and most im- 2hitectural style would best suit your individual tastes and

your building site; and it will show you scores of the finest §
photographs obtainable, picturing the best houses of §

moderate size the country over, outside and in.

This Special Building Number is but the first of six issues that you |
cannot possibly afford to be without. In April appears theGarden- |
ing Guide, another Special Issue, with the aid of which your next
year’s garden cannot fail. Then in June, the AnnualSummer Home §
Number comes to you—an inspiring revelation of what can be done
in the building, equipment and planting of a bungalow, shack or
other type of temporary home in which to spend the summer or
vacation days. To make it worth your while to subscribe now, we
want to send you

Inexpensive Homes of Individuality

a book of 64 pages containing 108 illustrations and floor plans of ff
the best houses of moderate size built to-day. It offers an excep- |
tional opportunity of studying in detail some of the best designed @
smaller houses of various architectural types the country over, rang-
ing in cost from two to eight thousand dollars. It is printed on the
best stock, with a wealth of information in captions under the
superb illustrations, and contains an introduction on the ‘Choice
of a Style for the Country or Suburban Home,” by Frank Miles ff
Day, Past President of the American Institute of |
Architects. It is a lasting source of inspiration and
suggestion.

We offer you this book and six monthsof HOUSE
& GARDEN, beginning with the Annual Building &
Number and including the April Gardening Guide
and the June Summer Home Number, for a dollar
bill. This offer, of such unprecedented generosity,
is made solely because we know that, once acquainted
with the magazine, you will never be without it in the
future. Fill out the coupon now to take advantage
of this remarkable opportunity.

McBRIDE, NAST & CO.

Publishers
31 EAST 17th STREET

& portant nail in the making
| of that ideal home of yours.

hs"

INNNVMULLUNNNNN

——

SLT

McBRIDE, NAST & Co., Publishers
31 East 17th Street, New York

Gentlemen :—I enclose $1, for which please send me
HOUSE & GARDEN for six months, and INEX-
PENSIVE HOMES OF INDIVIDUALITY.

NEW YORK Jf

MUNN HN NLU. TULL UU

to build a new house or remodel an old one, what P

January, 1912

What a boon to such a one a cookbook in
her own language would be!

I really and truly believe that cookbooks,
and other literature which deals with the
housework, should be a part of the kitchen
equipment, as much as the dishpan or
broiler. This would help in more ways than
one. Nearly every woman loves to look
over a cookbook, and the one who has the
meals to prepare enjoys it most of all—
needs it most of all.

Even the expert cook who must keep help
would find it easier if the cookbook were
there on the kitchen shelf, for the maid to
prod her memory with. And how much
misery might be saved if the young house-
keeper would regularly study the cookbook
with her maid! This surely should be a
common interest, and to work together
would be a great comfort to maid and mis-
tress alike. Both have much to learn in
most instances, and here would be the word
of authority.

Most maids would like to know more than
they do of the finer parts of cookery, if for
no better reason than to be worth more
wages, though a large number wish to know
how for the pleasure of knowing. How are
they to become more competent unless their
employer is willing to help them along?
Here comes in the need of kitchen literature.
If a Pole, Swede, German, or Italian is in
the kitchen, what a joy it would be, what a
help, to have a ‘cookbook in her own lan-
guage!

I had a Finnish maid brought to me from
the steamer. She was bright, big and
strong, and always very willing; but not
one word of our language did she know. In
a few days she had written out quite a
vocabulary of the kitchen furnishings, and
soon I was able to tell her the ingredients of
cake and other things. She wrote these
down in her language, and soon had a book
of recipes. In those days I could not have
found a cookbook in her language. Now it
is different, for I think I am right in saying
that cookbooks are published in nearly
forty languages.

If mistresses would only help their maids
to help themselves, and furnish stimulating
reading along their lines, much of the ser-
vant problem would be solved. Domestic
science may in this way be brought into our
homes, and not kept for places of learning.

VACANT LOT GARDENING

HE American Civic Association is con-

cerning itself with a projected “Vacant-
Lot Gardens” campaign, that will tend, it is
hoped, to bring about civic betterment
through the cultivation and beautification of
vacant lots in cities. In this connection, it
is interesting to note the progress made by
the Garden Lot Club, of Minneapolis, Min-
nesota.

In 1911 this club had planted in vegeta-
bles and flowers 360 vacant lots, or approxi-
mately 2,225,000 square feet, of which
2,000,000 square feet were planted to vege-
tables. The city was divided into six dis-
tricts, about sixty gardens to a district, and
each district was in charge of an assistant
gardener, furnished by the Minnesota Farm
School. Each individual having a vacant
lot garden thus received careful instruction
in gardening. An idea of the extent of the
work will be offered in a statement showing
that the club gave out 28,000 cabbage and
tomato plants on May 25, and there also
were given out on May 11, 22,000 packages
of nasturtium seeds. So great was the
stimulus to gardening in the city that. the
stores in the same season sold 40,000 pack-
ages of nasturtium seeds, and it was esti-
mated that fully 25,000 to 30,000 homes

January, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi

: =F : :

‘ : = ne Setivonit Mbentaes Ca
Send for This FREE BOOKLET Telling
How to Get and Install Any Design

The fireplace is the heart of the home. No house
is really ahome without its cheery blaze on winter even-
ings. If you are building or thinking of remodeling, you owe it
to yourself to send for our beautiful booklet, *‘Home and the Fire-
place.” It tells all about Colonial Fireplaces—the only real ad-
vance in fireplace construction in the last century—all about the
Colonial Plan, which makes obtaining a fireplace as simple as or-
dering a picture. It contains beautiful illustrations of Colonial
designs, and tells how you can have a special design made free of
cost. Colonial Fireplaces are adapted to any fuel. They radiatea
full warmth all over theroom. No inconvenience—no dirt—abso-
lutely all smoke goes up the chimney. The only up-to-date fire-
place. Recommended by leading architects. You need this book

—write today—just send us your name and address— but we sug-
gest you write at once. Just drop us a line right now. (16a)

COLONIAL FIREPLACE CO., 1661 W. 12th St., CHICAGO

a STOKES SEEDS 2

“Seed Catalog Time”

is here and I have a beauty with colored illustrations
and a free proposition with cash prizes which you

will be interested in. : pee ;
Send for a copy today—free ifyou mention ‘‘American
Homes and Gardens.

WALTER P. STOKES, Seedsman
Department 44 Philadelphia, Pa.

Ss U N A Beautiful Illustrated Book-
let, ‘‘ WHERE SUN DIALS
D IALS ARE MADE,” sent upon re-

quest. Estimates furnished.
Any Latitude :

E. B. MEYROWITZ, 108 East 23d St., New York
Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

SAVE They are too precious to lose. Getexpert tree surgeons

to examine them and advise you as to what they need.

YOUR Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers, Our free booklets

explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey.

TREES Write forthem. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc.,
121 Ash Street, Kent, Ohio

[E47 ~Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book ~>
OF that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and
C= Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer-
Q ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free.

Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 E Perm St, Reading, Pa, Fa

SS
The Wizard

Lawn Producer

Mixed seed and fertilizer that comes up even where everything else
failed. Allit needs is soil and moisture. Cheaper than common
seed. 51b. box express prepaid east of Missouri river $1.00, or
west of the river for $1.25. Our instructive booklet ‘How to

Make a Lawn’ FREE. Written by experts; solves evety grass
problem. Send for it tonight. It will prove interesting and valuable.

The Kalaka Co., ®*%,2xcbanse Ave Chicago, Ill.
oe

SHEEP MANURE

; Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
ONE | weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
Bapor. ; : 15 trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.
RREL EQUA 44 00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of
2 WAGON LOA? °UU' Missouri River—Cash with order.
STABLE Write for interesting booklet and quantity
t prices.
MANURE THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

WIZARE

BRAND

The Giant Himalaya Berry

Like a blackberry, but mot a blackberry. Vine grows
‘orty feet a year unless trimmed. ill stand the winters
anywhere in the United States. Bears enormous crops
of berries. Berries ripen early and continue late; are
nearly an in ong, sweet and melting; delicious as
dessert; superior to other berries
for jams or preserves.

Strong plants 20 cents each,
$2.00 a dozen, $5.00 a hundred,
$40.00 a thousand. Add 10 per
cent. when wanted by mail.

Get a Berrydale Berry Book.
Tells about several other good

erries, and is sent free. Write
for it now.

Berrydale Experiment Gardens
American Avenue Holland, Mich.

were decorated with these plants, most of
which were in bloom by July 1. With the
Garden Club acting as intermediary, every
vacant lot on Hennepin Avenue, one of the
principal thoroughfares of Minneapolis, was
cleaned and planted to grass and flowers.
About 600 vacant lots in other parts of the
city were cleared of rubbish.

The total cost of all the cleaning, seeds,
instruction, supervision and machinery was
$4,000, while, with the experience gained,
it is said, the same work could be accom-
plished another season for about $1,800.

MARKET-GARDENING FOR TWO

By CRAIG S. THOMS

“lee carry on garden work for market
trade is comparatively easy. One sim-
ply raises all he can of the vegetables that
will sell at the greatest profit. Gardening
is complicated when one does not desire to
sell his yield and has only two mouths to
feed, or to waste vegetables, or to feed all
his neighbors, or to let any ground go to
waste, but does desire to have “garden
stuff” on his table all the year round.

I have been wrestling with the problem
of gardening for two on a garden plot of
about fifty by a hundred feet for several
years, and possibly my experience may be
of interest, at least to newly-wedded couples.
Many a man, when beginning housekeeping,
feels the necessity of having a garden to
supply his table, and also that his work in
cultivating the ground is in a way equivalent
to his wife’s performance of household
duties.

I begin each year, about January first,
by holding a detailed and exhaustive family
conference on the subject of seeds, and then
immediately send to some reliable house for
a full supply, so that there will be no delay
in planting on account of the rush of Spring
orders.

In order to raise the utmost from the
space available, I] next lay out my garden
plot, assigning to each vegetable its place
and amount of ground, using as a basis those
kinds that take longest to mature, such as
tomatoes, potatoes, corn, celery, carrots,
parsnips, onions, etc. When this has been
done, I plan how many of the short-season
vegetables can be raised on the same ground
that has been selected. For example, one
can raise all his early radishes on the space
awarded to tomatoes. Last year I matured
three plantings of the Early French Break-
fast radishes before the tomato plants were
large enough to need the ground. Early
lettuce may be raised on tomato ground in
the same way, and even the first transplant-
ing of celery. The space between tomato
rows is necessarily wide, and the plants do
not begin to spread much until radishes and
lettuce are out of the way and the small
celery plants have been removed to another
place.

The “other place” for my celery I arrange
as follows: On the east side of my garden
space I run four rows of sweet corn
north and south. In the middle of these
rows, space is left for a fifth row, but in-
stead of planting corn I there put in my
early peas. By the time the peas are off the
ground the corn is so tall that I can dig my
celery trench where the row of peas stood,
and scatter the soil among the two rows of
corn on either side. In the trench the celery
is planted in a double tow if the temporary
half-shade of the corn, although, since the
rows run north and south, the celery re-
ceives the benefit of the full sunlight for
several hours each day, and, since the row
of corn on either side nearest to the trench
is of the earliest variety, and therefore short,
the celery enjoys a sort of half-shaded sun-

PATENTED

UPERB collections of

Trees, Shrubs, Ever-
oreens, Roses and Hardy
Plants adapted to small
gardens, private estates,
public parks and ceme-
teries. Selected from the

Most Complete Nursery
Stock in America.

72 years of leadership, based on
absolute integrity. A world-wide
patronage. Every specimen is
true to species, is well rooted and
sturdily developed, and is packed
and shipped with utmost care.

Bothlargeand smallordersreceive
close attention, and ourreputation
assures your Satisfaction. Goods
safely delivered in all parts of
the world.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries
Box 23, Rochester, N. Y.

AN INVALUABLE
FREE BOOK.

Write for a copy of our 72nd
Annual Catalogue. ft
is a standard guide
in ali matters per-
taining to lawn
and garden dec-
oration. IT IS
FREE. Just
mail us a
postal, and
wewillsend

you a

copy at

S BERRIES|

V4 Plants by the dozen or by the million.

4120 acres planted in 103 varieties. Al)
the standards and the most promising ol
the new ones. Largest grower in
‘America, Every plant true to name.

) Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry
and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali-
fornia Privet and other Shrubbery
(Cultural directions with each ship
ment. Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Send
a postal today. My personal guarantee fh)
back of every sale.

W. F. ALLEN é
10 Market Street, Salisbury, Md.

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
simila1 one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular

Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELRHIA

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

From an old printin La Telegrafie Historique-

Napoleon’s Visual Telegraph
The First Long Distance System

Indians sent messages by means of
signal fires, but Napoleon established
the first permanent system for rapid
communication.

In place of the slow and unreliable ser-
vice of couriers, he built lines of towers
extending to the French frontiers and
sent messages from tower to tower by
means of the visual telegraph.

This device was invented in 1793 by
Claude Chappe. It was a semaphore.
The letters and words were indicated by
the position of the wooden arms; and the
messages were received and relayed at the
next tower, perhaps a dozen miles away.

Compared to the Bell Telephone system

of to-day the visual telegraph system of
Napoleon’s time seems a crude make-
shift. It could not be used at night nor
in thick weather. It was expensive in
construction and operation, considering
that it was maintained solely for military
purposes.

Yet it was a great step ahead, because
it made possible the transmission of
messages to distant points without the
use of the human messenger.

It blazed the way for the universal
telephone service of the Bell System
which provides personal intercommuni-
cation for 90,000,000 people and is ind’s-
pensable for the industrial, commercial
and social progress of the Nation.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

RELATING TO
Architecture
Decoration

| Surniture Rugs
Ceramics, ete.

will be recom-
mended and sup-
plied by our well
equipped Book
Department.

MUNN & CO.
361 Broadway
NEW YORK

i AIR AND PROTECTION

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B.

OLE MANUFACTURER® nae

One System

IVES CO.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Universal Service

The highest attain-

ment in artistic and

Handel Lamp practical illumination.

Sold by leading jewelers and lighting-fixture dealers,
Write for our Booklet, ‘Suggestions for Good Lighting.”

The Handel Company
393 East Main Street Meriden, Conn.
New York Showrooms: 64 Murray Street

* HARTSHORN *
SHADE ROLLERS

' Bear the script name of
iy Stewart Hartshorn on label.
Get “Improved,” no tacks required.

Wood Roilers Tin Rollers

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St.. N, Y. C.
Benches. Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts.
GARDEN EXPERTS
Send 15c. for Booklet

Mantels Entrances

light the rest of the time. This is temper-
ing the wind to the shorn lamb, for the par-
tial shade shields the newly transplanted
celery until it gets a good start, while it is
not long until the early corn is ready for use
and the stalks, of course, are cut down to
give the celery the space. The purpose of
this arrangement, however, is the economy
of space which comes from being able to
throw the soil from the trench among the
rows of corn, and, when the celery is ready
for blanching, being able to gather it again,
and indeed all the soil from the space
which the corn rows occupied, to hill up
the celery. In a small garden, where every
inch of space is valuable, one of the most —
difficult things is to get soil enough for
blanching purposes. Half of my celery is
of the Self-Blanching and half of the Giant
Paschal variety. The former, being short
and stocky, is easiest covered for winter
use, while the latter, being a rapid grower,
may by early hilling be made soonest ready
for the table.

The first year that I had a garden I
planted peas and string beans in the spring,
only to find that they matured about the
same time, and that we could not use both;
in fact, that we did not care for the beans
while the more delicious peas were available.
I do not plant my beans now until I have
taken off my last planting of peas. We find
them just as good in the autumn as in the
spring, and very welcome for fall use. I
stick in a few hills of beans in any vacant
spaces that I find in the garden after July,
as for example where a tomato vine has
been killed, or along the edges of walks,
or the margins of my potato patch.

We like to use beets when they are young
and tender. Last year I raised two crops
from the same row, and both the early and
the late planting had ample time to mature.
If beets are canned for winter use it is
doubtless best to can from the late crop,
as the risk from the heat is not so great.
A year ago I stored beets for winter use,
packing them in sand in the cellar, but they
kept too well, becoming as hard as rocks,
so that the hardness could not be adequately
reduced by boiling. This winter we are
trying a new experiment, that of not pulling
up the beets, but, after the tops have been
somewhat frozen, covering them with
leaves where they stand. I found that in
December, and there had been some severe
weather, that my beets, as they were pulled
and prepared, half a dozen at a time, were
as fine as at any season of the year.

Of onions we are very fond, but instead
of planting many onion sets, as at first,
[ have learned to have a corner with winter
onions for early use, and then to sow the
onion seeds with a view to thinning out very
freely for the table. There is no delicacy
in the onion line quite equal to the tender
onions pulled up in thinning an onion bed.
I go over my small bed many times, aiming
to do the thinning so as to keep the grow-
ing onions from crowding, and in the season
we are never without all the green onions
we can eat.

Two bushels of potatoes last us a year.
but we always plant an early variety, not
only because new potatoes are expensive,
but also because the vines die down early
enough so that we can utilize the ground
between the rows for some fall crop.

One important part of my garden is the
strawberry bed. We like the berries right
from the plants, but they ripen too rapidly
for us, and so I have learned to uncover only
half of the bed at a time in the spring, leav-
ing the other half to be held back by its
covering as long as I dare, and thus the cenit
season is prolonged.

At first we found it difficult to use a rivets ;

- came on nicely, and we had the finest of

January, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii

cauliflower, of which we are very fond, but
we have solved the difficulty by simply
cutting from the head of the cauliflower as
~much-as we need for a meal, while the rest
is left to grow. When eight or ten cauli-
flowers all head at the same time, two peo-
ple find great embarrassment amidst such
bounty, but this trouble was overcome last
year by distributing the plants in the garden
so that they received unequal amounts of
shade from nearby trees. Those that have
the most shade are slowest in maturing.
Last year some heads were fully matured,
or rather, ready for table use, before the
more shaded heads were formed; but all

The beauty of Sargent Hardware is funda-
mental. We work with honest metals, specially
compounded to give exquisite coloring and resist
wear. Our designs are derived from purest
examples of vanous schools and penods of
architecture and are true to type. Over all is
the touch of the craftsman who is skilled in
metal working and whose heart is in his work.

cauliflowers until frost.

With cabbage plants we have found the
same difficulty. A large head is too much
for two people to use even at several meals,
and one does not like to feel that it is
necessary to eat food to save it from being
wasted. Taking my cue from the cauli-
flower, I tried cutting one head in half,
cutting it perpendicularly, and leaving one
half on the steam. But the exposed face
kept on growing, and the white leaves turned
green. Next year I shall try removing the
outer leaves, throwing away the green ones
and using the white ones freely. The ex-
posed white leaves, of course, will turn
green, but the head will doubtless keep on
growing, and I should not be surprised if
it kept the heads from bursting, as several
did this year.

A JAPANESE INNOVATION IN
MANUFACTURED MILK

HE Japanese retain their native subtle

ingenuity, and under the invasion oi
Western ideas this quality, combined with
what one might call Yankee shrewdness,
does not leave that nation lacking in ability
to keep up with modern inventive resource-
fulness. For instance, cows are not num-
erous in Japan, but the Japanese are fond
of milk, and to meet this demand in the
face of natural shortage they long ago put
their wits to work and evolved a product
that the average person cannot distinguish
from the regular dairy article.

The artificial milk is derived from the
soja bean. The beans are first soaked, then
boiled in water. Presently thé liquid turns
white; sugar and phosphate of potash in
proper quantities are added, and the boiling Z
continued until a substance the thickness of
molasses is obtained. This fluid corresponds
very accurately with ordinary condensed
milk, and when water is added cannot be
told from fresh milk.

When you are build-
ing or remodeling, confer
with your architect in the selec-
tion of designs that thoroughly harmonize
with the lines of the building. Sargent Hardware includes
so many examples of each school and period that personal
taste has wide latitude.
Sargent Book of Designs Mailed Free

Illustrates and describes a variety of patterns suitable for residences.

SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard St., New York

Sample and A House Lined with
Circular

( t
s) Mineral Wool
Beton ae Leceaue or Reonees< Teens , as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
AND PLaANntTs. By Charles N. Scainer Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippin- Hey The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
cott & Company, 1911. Cloth, gilt top; nor insects can make their way through or live init.
a NY ae Ie MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and

$1.50 net.

The love of flowers and trees, and the
dread of some of them, is no new thing, but
has existed in all ages and climes. Flowers
have therefore gathered about them many
stories and have inspired many more. The

love of them would seem to be incomplete U. S. Mineral Wool Co
without a knowledge of the delightful k :

da comces isi dace ee YORE

so difficult to locate in history and literature.
Mr. Skinner has gathered them together in

keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

VERTICAL SECTION,

xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Filter Your Entire}

Water Supply

with the

Improved
| Paddock
| Double
Water
Filter

} and you will

Use Pure Water Only}

to the better health of your family.

You safeguard your health and
that of your family by insisting upon
—pure food, healthful surroundings
—pure air.

Just As Important

to you is the purity of your water.
Don’t overlook it.

Your entire water supply is twice
filtered and delivered from

| The Paddock Double Filter

as pure as the water fresh from the
rock-lipped spring. It cannot be
otherwise—it’s filtered twice through
emery, the hardest substance known
excepting the diamond.

Write to-day for catalog.

(Adbantic Filter Co.

| 309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York Cit:

| Hartmann-Sanders Co. |

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS |

ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. |

the present volume. Although this volume
has a table of contents, one regrets that it
was not supplied with an index. Nothing
is so disturbing to the student as a volume
of this sort which is not fully and carefully
indexed.

GARAGES, COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN. New
York: The American Architect, 1911.
4to; 80 illustrations. Price, $4.00.

He must be hard to please whose eye is
not gratified by the garages shown in the
beautiful half-tone reproductions of this
album. Even Cairo, Egypt, has yielded the
publishers an artistic and satisfying model,
while America has apparently been ran-
sacked for buildings that delight the artistic
sense and meet the most exacting practical
requirements. The plans of most of these
are included, so that much help is afforded
the man who is deciding on the structural
features of a new garage. Some twenty
preliminary pages of text take under con-
sideration the essentials of construction and
equipment, including the safe handling and
storage of oils.

Tue AMERICAN ARTISAN WINDOW DISPLAY
Manuat. Chicago: Daniel Stern, 1911.
8vo; 271 pp.; illustrated.

The suggestions and arrangements of-
ered are confined to hardware. It is a com-
paratively easy matter to place in a shop
window some curiosity or design that will
attract a crowd. It is quite another mat-
ter to make the window a “silent sales-
man” that will bring patronage to the pro-
prietor. The writer has endeavored to keep
the more important purpose to the fore.
Several of the illustrations show prize-
winning designs. Others specialize on such
goods as nickel-plated ware, fishing tackle,
tools and sporting goods. Still others show
attractive dressings for Christmas, New
Year’s and Thanksgiving, while a Wash-
ington’s Birthday display utilizes the
episode of the boy and the cherry tree to
call attention to hatchets. The manual will
be particularly helpful to retail dealers in
the smaller towns who are sometimes at a
loss to know just how to dress their win-
dows to the best advantage.

ENGINEERING OF To-Day. By Thomas W.
Corbin. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott
Company, 1911. 8vo; 367 pp.; 39 illus-
trations and diagrams. Price, $1.50 net.
The man who allows the title of this

volume to deter him from reading it, be-
cause he knows nothing of engineering, is
unconsciously foregoing a pleasure. It is
safe to say that this popular exposition of
well-known but little-understood devices is
just what many of us have been waiting for.
Those of us who have an overwhelming
sense of our own ignorance in the presence
of a steam engine should examine for a
minute the full-page drawing entitled “The
Soul of the Steam-Engine,” in which a
cylinder is represented as if transparent,
thus enabling us to see what takes place
within its walls. The gas-engine is similarly
explained by simple description and illus-
tration, and this simplicity and clearness is
carried through the entire range of subjects,
from the making of big guns to submarine
diving; from the trolley-car to war ves-
sels; from running water to the railway.

Gas-EncInE Desicn. By E. J. Stoddard.
Detroit: Parker & Burton. 4to; 100 pp.
Price, $1.

The pamphlet starts with an introduc-
tion on compressed air. It discusses, in
ordinary language, gasoline and air mix-
tures, valves and ‘helical springs, the

| Is there any excuse for unattractive

houses on account of expense?

{ Inanswer to this Geo, M. Kauffman, Architect announces Ist, 2nd and 3rd
series “Distinctive Homes and Gardens.’’ The masses are
q just awakening to the fact that there is mere building and then there is
art in building; that under favorable conditions and with proper knowl-
ede one should cost no more than the other.

These books are devoted to the home, its planning, building, re-

W mocleling, beautifying, etc. Much thought and labor has been ex- §
pended on them. They are therefore just the beoks the home lover
H should possess. They contain many illustrations, floor plans, descrip-
B tions and correct estimates of the best, moderate and low cost houses

built today. thus offering an excellent opportunity of studying some of

¥@ the best designs of the various and popular types of domestic architecture.

These nooks also contatn plans of gardens and best of all we devote

4% many pages to general information and in telling you how to secure all
| these things. The information and suggestion will greatly aid you in
ervstallizing your ideas—in deciding what you really do want and need.

This timely advice alone might save or make you hundreds of dollars to

4 siy nothing of having as a result a true home instead of perhaps a
lif2-long disa- pointment.

Your home means much to you! It expresses your life—your in-

A diy iduality—your taste and the degree of your culture and refinement. §
@ The soul must be fed in the home as well as the body, therefore there

must be poetry as well as mathematics, and while your home should be

@ made to fit your every need it should also be wholesome in its art,

fitting to its environment and possessing the charm that will increase

¥ with age.

Why not spend your money wisely? We can help you.

1st and 2nd series each have 72 (10x13) pages and 35 designs. Houses
of Ist series vary from 1,000 to 6,000, 2nd series from 6,000 to 15,000.
Price of each $1.00 postpaid. Third series (a combination of 1st and 2nd

@ series) will be sent postpaid upon receipt of $1.50. We furnish plans
@ and specifications as per our special offer.

THE KAUFFMAN CO.
621 Rose Building Cleveland, Ohio

FST FLOOR No. 105. Cost $2,500

illustrates 40 Bunga-
Homes of Character [(o2"@,0 003
Houses costing from $1,000 to $10,000, all suitable for
American Homes—with floor plans, exterior views, de-
scriptions and accurate cost estimates. We develop these
plans to suit the individual requirements of clients all over
the world. We will develop one to fit your needs, or make
special plans according to your ideas, at reasonable prices.
Homes of Character $1.00, postpaid. Descriptive Cir-
cular 2-cent stamp.

JOHN HENRY NEWSON, (Inc.) Architect
1245 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio

The Burlington Venetian Blind

will make your rooms shady and your porch cool and
comfortable. It can be raised or lowered at will,
and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of
the sun.

Enclose your porch and see what a change it will
make in your whole home. It will give you a cozy,
secluded room. The air will circulate freely and you
will get all the advantages of open air; at the same
time you will not be subjected to an inquisitive public
gaze. The Burlington Venetian Blind will give you a
place to read, sew or entertain—a place for the children
to play, too.

Write for our illustrated booklet; ét
will tell you about the various styles

Burlington Venetian Blind Co. ,339Lake St.,Burlington, Vt.

)

January, 1912

SWEET PEA

QUARTET
Plant Them This Year

LANT these wonderful Peas that won for Mrs.
Fraser the thousand pound sterling prize at the
great London contest held last July at the

Crystal Palace.

Won against the keenest kind of competition of
over 10,000 exhibitors. By a special arrangement.
we have secured a stock of these prize winning
varieties, which are :—

Paradise Carmen—clear, lovely carmine, waved.

Constance Oliver—delicate pink suffused with
cream, waved.

ur Unwin—rose shaded with cream, waved.

Tom Bolton—dark maroon, waved,

As you see them illustrated here. they are much re-
ducedin size. Why don’t you stir up some triendly
competition with your neighbors this year with
this quartet?

Here is our offer, which is backed up by Bodding-
ton’s Seal of Quality—and you know what that
Buy your seeds now and plants them early

means.
—the earlier, the better,

1 packet of the above 4 prize winners for____. $0.35
3 collections of 12 packets in all for. PERS HOO!

Post paid with each order we will send you

Boddington’s 1912 Garden Guide

Contains a complete description of the sweet pea
competition

Ae Guide is a decided departure from the usual

ed ‘Seed Catalog.” The cultural directions are

erties by successful gardeners who have
of flowers i = them—gardners who know.

These “tell you how” directions are especially
good —no elaborate, discouraging directions —
just common sense advice, like your neighbors
tell you over the back fence.

f you want this Guide and not the Sweet Peas
Quartet we will gladly sent it to you, free, just the
same.

e love

a ON
: BODDINGTONS SEEDS

fg Arthur T. Boddington
S326 West 14th St.

_ New York

Half the irritability in domestic pets can be
traced directly to a laek of pure drinking water
when they are thirsty. Your pets will appre-
jate pure water to drink just as keenly as you
do—why not see that they have a plentiful
supply, free from contamination in a

Moe’s Top Fill

Drinking Fountain

For Domestic Animals

It always supplies just enough pure water
in the trough—will never slop over—dog can’t
up-setit. Dead air space keeps water Cool in
Summer, Warm in Winter. Simple in con-

struction—just remove cover and fill from
top—water ceases to flow when top is re-
moved—no valves to get out of order. Nickel
plated, holds quart and a pint. If not at deal-
ers, will be sent on receipt of price, $3.50. Silver
plated, 5.00. Satisfaction guaranteed.

OTIS & MOE,

544 8. Dearborn St., Chicago

strength and proportion of parts and the
sparking coil. Diagrams are presented for
obtaining without calculation the pressure
and volume during compression, the maxi-
mum explosion pressure and the theoretical
indicator diagrams. The large pages per-
mit of large drawings, whose smallest parts
are thus readily seen and their functions
easily understood.

\WESTERHAM WITH ITs SURROUNDINGS. A

Handbook to Wolfe-Land. By Gibson
Thompson. New York: Frederick
Warne & Company. 112 pages; illus-
trated.

The quiet little Kentish village of Wester-
ham is the birthplace of General Wolfe.
Although so near London, the surrounding
district is intersected by rambling paths that
give glimpses of some enchanting views.
The village itself is little altered since the
days of Wolfe. The philology of the name
carries us back ten centuries. In the Domes-
day Book of William the Conqueror it ap-
pears as “Oistreham.” The handbook—one
of the famous “Homeland” series—while
serving as a brief history and general guide
to the district, lays much stress upon Wolfe’s
connection with Westerham, sketches his
boyhood and manhood, and presents pictures
of the vicarage in which he was born and
of the buildings and byway: so familiar
to him.

CoNCRETE FLoors AND SIDEWALKS. By A.
A Houghton. New York: The Norman
W. Henley Publishing Company. 63 pp.;
illustrated. Price, 50 cents.

This is No. 2 of the series of monographs
on kindred subjects, and proceeds from the
simplest forms of floors and sidewalks to
the most ornamental tile effects. There are
timely warnings as to the reason for com-
mon defects in the work. It is the author’s
claim that the greatest measure of success
is usually secured by the simplest and most
inexpensive methods, and his best results
are obtained by the use of easily-made
molds of strap-iron.

Macician’s Tricks. How They Are Done.
By Henry Hatton and Adrian Plate.
New York: The Century Company,
1910. 8vo; 344 pp. Price, $1.60 net.

Most books of this kind consist of a col-
lection of time-worn illusions whose work-
ings have been exposed over and over again.
While the old, basic principles are of neces-
sity to be found in this treatise, there are
also many things that will be new, at least
in their combinations and mode of pre-
sentation, to most of our amateur con-
jurers. Card, coin and egg tricks are dealt
with at some length, and there are sections
on spiritualistic ties, mind reading and the
more elaborate stage illusions. Formulas
for making flash paper, conjurer’s wax,
and other preparations are appended. The
illustration is profuse, the description com-
mendably clear.

THE Joy oF GarpDENS, by Lena May

McCauley. Chicago and New York.
Rand, McNally & Company. 1911.
Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated, 246 pages.

Price, $1.75 net.

The gardens enchanced by garden archi-
tecture are beautifying the countryside, but
the most joyful gardens are the little planta-
tions of flowers about homes everywhere
snuggling away perhaps beyond some privet
hedge. The writer has wisely chosen for
illustrations examples of the smaller garden,
and throughout the pages one finds much
that breathes of the spirit of true garden-
ing delight.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV

RRR RNR

y Protect Your 1 Hlday Boks |

Provide a suitable place to
te keep the books given you,

they will be instantly accessible
I; and always free from dust and dirt.

| Start with one or more Globe Wernicke
NS units and add other units during succeed-

where

ing years as your books accumulate.

‘ Each section will hold an average
of 25 books.

; GlobeWernicke

i Bookcases
y without exposed metal ends.

yy You can obtain Globe SwWernicke Book-
cases in certain designs without the
metal interlocking device that shows their
sectional construction.

The new styles have the appear-

aes

Acs

| ance of the solid bookcase, while retaining i"
| all the advantages of the unit system, thus 4,
4 providing for the future addition of extra \
j units which are always obtainable in styles rout
i! ’ and finishes to match original purchases. Ly

Sold by 1500 authorized agencies. Where a |

not represented, goods will be shipped on h
approval, freight prepaid. ’

The “Blue Book of Fiction” Free tx

It contains a comprehensive list of good, WS
wholesome novels published in English, selected \
from the world’s greatest writers of fiction, by :
Hamilton W. Mabie. uh

Ace

A copy of this helpful, instructive book, Ss!
together with the Globe-Wernicke Bookcase Cata- rN
log containing many_ beautiful suggestions for '
Individual ac Home Libraries will be mailed free
on request. Address Dept. ,.H.

The Globe“Wernicke Co., Cincinnati

Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway
Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut Street
Boston, 91-93 Federal Street
Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Avenue
Washington, 1218-1220 F St., N. W.

feraneetont s Useful Sena Annual
Now Ready—Ask for Free Copy

The 130 pages of this practical catalog abound with truthful
facts about dependable seeds. Nearly 300 illustrations from
photographs in connection w ‘ith honest descriptions w ill help you
to form an accurate idea of *“True Blue’’ Seeds. A copy of the
catalog is yours for the asking.

Trial Collection “True Blue” Seeds, 25c.

You will like the seed value found in this collection and the

quality of the product will appeal to you. Six large packets of
vegetables shown on back cover of catalog above, viz.: bean,
beet, com, lettuce, muskmelon and radish Alls splendi 4 Sorts of

proven merit. Try them and learn more about “‘true blue’ seeds.

The Livingston Seed Co., 446 High St., Columbus, O.

xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1912

Z TheOnly Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

#)] or locker finished in snow-white, baked
; everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
Plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
| shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps. shrinks, nor swells
Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bath Room

ie Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
f fs, wall or to hang outside. Send forillus
a trated circular.
The Recessed Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Sleel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

HESS 38 LOCKER

ALL

P UM Ps xkinps

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

Write for Circulars and Prices

RS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

Via

THE SATURDAY
EVENING POST
; OFA

ane

catalog.

field.

++ Subscribing

for your periodicals, you should see
our Catalog, containing a list of
3000 magazines and club offers, at
prices that will surprise you.

It is the handsomest and most complete Magazine
Guide ever published, filled with all the latest and
best club offers at rates, lower than you think
possible. YOU cannot afford to be without it. In
ordering your magazines, be sure you use a HANSON
Accept no substitute. The name HANSON
stands for promptness and reliability in the magazine
It is so accepted by all leading publishers.

THIS CATALOG FOR 1912 is FREE for the asking. It will
SAVE YOU MONEY

The Schilling Press

Job PRINTERS Fine
Book Art
and a Press
Catalog VY Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E, 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

PROTECT Your floors

and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes, If your dealer will not
supply you

Write ur—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A.
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

— NMS Send us your name and address today. We'll do the rest.

7 M. Hanson Magazine Agency

167 HANSON BLOCK, LEXINGTON, KY.

Fill in This Coupon and Mail to Us
J. M. HANSON, Lexington, Ky.

Please send me FREE of expense to me, this Catalog for 1912. ==

2000,000 EDITION

SCOTTISH GARDENS, by Sir Herbert Max-
well. New York: Longmans, Green &
Company, 1911. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated,
206 pages. Price, $2.25 net.

This volume is a representative selection
of different types, old and new, of Scottish
gardens by an authority, who presents not
only his antiquarian knowledge carefully,
but delightfully. The book is exquisitely il-
lustrated in color with thirty-two plates by
Mary G. W. Wilson, who, by the way, is a
member of the Pastel Society and the So-
ciety of Scottish Artists. The opening
chapter concerns itself with Scottish Gar-
dens in General; then there are thirty-three
chapters on various historic gardens, and an
appendix of species of Rhododendrons
Suitable to the Climate of the West of
Scotland, and another appendix on the sub-
ject of other shrubs which have proved
hardy in Scotland. Although this book has
to do with gardening in the British Isles, it
is a volume that will be none the less inter-
esting therefore to American readers. The
illustrator’s work alone contains many sug-
gestions that will be applicable to the gar-
den in our own country.

Tue Book or Rock AND WATER GARDENS,
by Charles Thonger. New York: John
Lane Company. Cloth crown, 8vo. Il-
lustrated, 94 pages. Price, $1.00 net.

This is an excellent handbook to rock,
wall and water gardens, containing a de-
tailed account of the culture of Alpine
plants, a division of gardening that has re-
cently come to the attention of the garden-
makers of America. This volume should
arouse in those who have no knowledge of
rock and water plants, and yet have facili-
ties for growing them, an interest in the sub-
ject. Water gardening must not be thought
to appeal only to a favored few, inasmuch
as aquatics may be grown under purely arti-
ficial conditions, and the pleasure of the
water garden is not limited to the possessors
of natural streams and ponds. In these
days of stress and hurry, when one seeks
in Nature the balm for many ills in our gar-
dens and all that pertains to them, one may
hope to find rest and relaxation in the pur-
suit of just such plant culture as Mr.
Thonger sets forth in his delightful volume.

BACKBONE OF PersPEcTIveE. By T. U. Tay-
lor. Chicago: The Myron C. Clark
Publishing Company, 1910. 12mo; 56
pp.; illustrated. Price $1.

The student will find this to be a helpful
little manual on a subject not without diffi-
culties of its own. First, the primary prin-
ciples of plan and projection, lines, points
and planes are set out by problems and
diagrams; then the vanishing-point method
is applied to monuments and_ buildings;
axometric projections are given a chapter
to themselves; and the rules governing the
perspective of shades and shadows con-
clude the treatise.

THE Lure oF THE GARDEN, by Hildegard
Hawthorne. New York: Century Co.,
1911. Cloth. Quarto. Illustrated. 259
pages. Price, $4.50 net.

The granddaughter of Nathaniel Haw-
thorne has contributed to essayical garden
literature this delightful book, containing
chapters on such topics as Our Grand-
mothers’ Gardens ; Childhood in the Garden,
Winter Gardens, The Social Side of Gar-
dens, Gardens in Literature, etc. Miss
Hawthorne’s volume is one of the most
beautiful books of the season, exquisitely
illustrated by Jules Guérin, Maxfield
Parrish, Anna Weyland Betts and Ivan
| Ivanowski.

|_S 100][}]}5}?)™™mHqu_QOT =i

LEAVENS
| FURNITURE |

—_ WOUMGMW GK

[te ee oe mene

geaneee
sporacesesee
at mI

é
:

Yi
ee.

gene ;
i i a a a iim

(dadadaddddddddéddédééddééééa

@Repeated orders from satisfied custom-
ers, and their frequent letters of commen-
dation place Leayens’ Made Furniture in
a class by itself. It is furniture that meets
every requirement of the particular pur-
chaser. A large variety of styles, all good,
and each purchaser's individual taste in
finish, insure the measure of satisfaction
that “ resulted in a marked increase in
sales during the past year.

GLeavens’ Made Furniture is designed on the plain,
simple lines that give style and character. It is strong
but not clumsy. Each piece has individuality. An
inspection of unfinished stock in our ware-rooms shows

= good is the material, and how honestly it is built.
It is finished to your order if so desired.

GA package of over two hundred prints anda color
chart will show you possibilities for every room in your
house. Send for them.

Nees
a

Clinton Wire Lath is HeLa

for use in exterior as well as interior plaster work. A wire mesh made up of
drawn steel wire of high quality, galvanized after weaving, and provided with
our famous V-stiffeners affords the ideal material for supporting stucco.

Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth
even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the
plaster eliminates all danger of cracking.

In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its
durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away.

Tanna

UM
aa

MMMM

Uldddd

Ma ivenntmonen. asaamaetiha ans
i ecennnet Nnenets

Vdd

Ld
oe OS

Write for descriptive matter

=
aa
na? Ned |

|
N
\

\
\
|

lll
|
3)

Uldddeda

Ff sec qqnnOO A (|

sete
agi
WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO. et |

MANUFACTURERS, | SCPE ECE CEEEe SeSeen WN AF L
32 Canal Street, Boston, Mass. = >< ms :

{ff ee:

moos A BL is H ED

Lane’s Trolley

National Photo- ||| Parlor Door Hangers and Track

e
Engraving
Fitted with superior quality ball bearings of the
Company oe

f The only Trolley Track adjustable laterally
@ Designers and after the equipment has been installed.

Engravers for all If the building settles slightly or when door
Artistic, Scientific dries out in winter or swells in summer, by this
and Illustrative patented feature any binding or scraping of beauti-
Purposes :-: : ful woodwork may be entirely prevented.

Send for Complete Catalog

Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens"

Lane Trolley Hanger No. 109

14-16-18 Reade St., New York LANE BROTHERS COMPANY
EEE 434-466 Barclay Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

TPELUEPH ONE,

Co
A.

Copy't
A. Dupont
Martin says:
“Superior to all Player-
Pianos’’
Copy't
Mishkin

py't
Dupont

BROOKLYN
524 FULTON STREET

Copy't
Foley

Destinn says :
"It is a real joy to me”

Jadlowker says:
“The best in the world”

Tetrazzini says;
“The Hardman is my choice’’

DePasquali says:
“The only satisfactory
Player-Piano’”

Amato says:
“*Most extraordinarily satis-
factory in its results’’

Slezak says:
“The best Player-Piano.of
them all"

Caruso says; ‘Superb and unique’?

CAR

US O

loves to play upon the
Hardman Autotone

NE of the Hardman Autotone’smany
claims to consideration as ‘‘ The
Perfect Player-Piano,”’’ is that the
greatest artists love to play upon it.

Not only Caruso but practicallyevery artist
of world-wide distinction regard the Hard-
man Autotone with real affection.

This is because the Autotone is the only
Player-Piano which gives increasing satisfac-
tion to those who play it and to those who
hear it played. The Hardman Autotone isthe
only Player-Piano having expression devices

so sensitive and so easily controlled, that any
music may be rendered with the most deli-
cate shadings of INDIVIDUAL expression.

The basic piano of the Hardman Autotone
is the HARDMAN (the official piano of the
Metropolitan Opera House) than which there
is no nobler instrument, none of reputation
better established.

The Hardman Autotone is the supreme
development among musical instruments
and is therefore the BEST Player-Piano for
you to buy.

Harrington Autotones, $550.00 upward

Hardman Autotones,

Terms arranged to suit your own convenience.

BRANCH

800.00 upward

Full values for old pianos taken in exchange

Hardman, Peck & Company | |

Hardman House, 433 Fifth Avenue, New York

Copy't
Mishkin

Copy't
Ennini

FOUNDED
4 18424" S

> ease

Copy't
A. Dupont

- a F Ez
Bese

MUNN & CO.,, Inc.,

NE ORK, N. Y.

FEBRUARY, 1912

Vol. IX, No. 2

EUTTTPTTTATUIVSQQONAIUUCCUUCUTSH UU CQUVECATTOAIVUOTOOHDIIUOLOOOUUOUCOTRUULIUDLLOOMERTATLLULILOCUERTEAUA I UUUULL EH 2 6e
= 99
; (lip, Excelsior “Rust-Proof
= s FEN |
5 FuNTS FINE FURNITURE s ENCES, GUARDS and TRELLISES
2 EXHIBIT OF = py Bi V. a. PR your young
= SPRING AND SUMMER STYLES = ame yin ree eae
= = XCEe -
= We invite inspection of our New Spring = Proof” Guards These
= Patterns in Fumiture for Country Homes and = Guards aS made of heavy
= particularly emphasize the guaranty in the Flint = moatenal with ngid up rights
= a ae = is acl hence a
= In the world-wide competition for Excellence, = int ella ae ae oe
= A , ‘ = » and com-
= the Flint Trademark’ stands for the highest furniture = pletely coated with this rust-
= ideals. “ Flint quality” is recognized as “the best” = proof metal.
= —and Flint Prices are proved to be uniformly = In buying ornamental wire
= low: = Fences, Trellises, Flower
= RUE DUNES = Conids dine eae
= = ards, always as -
= During January of from 10% to 50% on many S celsior “ Rust-Proof”” brasil
= ys odd pieces and discontinued S It will last longer than any
5 aden ens = other make on the market,
sla ii (Booklet illustrating Spring = Bt never his to Pea
| ; = ardware dealers sell it.
i || and Summer Styles mailed on = ;
| ieee = s he to us for illustrated
| | = atalog.
| Geo. C FuntCo = Wright Wire
—S moll 43-47 WEST 23% ST: x C
24-28 WesrT 24° ST. = ompany
VIII ULL fe aor ne Worcester, Mass.
33 West Michigan St., Chicago, Ill. 410 Commerce St., Philadelphia, Pa. |

256 Broadway, New York City 125 Summer Street, Boston, Mass.
420 First Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 5 First Street, San Francisco, Cal.

5)
2012091 Oe O20 G21 O01 e022 G9 sO 20 G11 Oo O22 91 G91 Oe1 Or ++ e220 os Oe2 O02 O 9+ G01 O20W 10 O 01 er or O21 Os O11 Gor Oe Oe1 Orr Ge OO Orr Ger Oee

BOUND VOLUMES OF

American Homes and Gardens
1911

eo?

AY exquisite volume full of interest to the home planner, the
home builder and the home maker.

456 pages. Over 1,000 illustrations, many of which are full-
page plates. Price, $5.00.

The volumes are beautifully bound in green library cloth,
stamped in colors, gilt top,

American Homes and Gardens is a magazine of taste and dis-
tinction in all things that pertain to home-making, and every one
of the numbers which compose this fine volume is thoroughly
illustrated by many half-tone reproductions from, photographs
especially taken for this publication.

Dreer’s Garden Book

O MATTER what you want to grow—be it flowers Houses Flowers
or vegetables—or one of the thousands of varieties we Bungalows Fruits
offer—you will find it fully explained in Dreer’s Gar- Hoss liam ree
den Book for 1912. Furnishings Garden Plans
E I e Plumbing Aviation
asy Instructions for Amateurs Water Supply Automobilne
: I ‘ Lighting Poultry
There are many American and European novelties this year Heating Kennel
—Cardinal Climber, Asters, Sweet Peas and Zennias. <A Cooking Stock
large offering of the World’s Best Roses—strong 2-year old Housekeeping Landscape
Gardens Architecture

plants, that will give a full:crop this season. Complete list
of best and finest vegetables. are some of the many subjects covered in
its columns.

Itis considered to be the most beautiful
magazine published and it is also the most
practical. It fills the needs of the home
both in and out doors. The designing
and construction of the House, its intericr
and exterior decoration, the planning-and laying out of the Garden, every phase
of Country Lite, every home problem, is solved in discussion and illustration in
its pages each month. It breathes the spirit of the country without being either
Agricultural or Horticultural.

A limited number of volumes for 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910 are available.
Price, $5.00 each. 1905 is a volume of six months’ numbers. Price, $3.50.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York _

DREER’S PEERLESS GIANT PANSIES

A mixture of the most exclusive giant sorts in a bewildering
range ofrichcolorings. Sownout of doors by the end of April, will
bloom from July till snow flies. Special packets containing enough
seed to produce over cne hundred plants, 10 cents per packet.

eames C2 —

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1912 is not a mere catalogue, but is a 288
page, comprehensive work of valuable garden information.

Write for it to-day. Mailed free.

& HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. og

22 O22 ee 01 Ors Orr er Ger Ger Ger OerOee@er * \°
0 #9 O20 00 22 e200 eee ee Wer Ger Gere Oooo G e+ Gre GerGorWoeGeeGoeSerSerGorOerOer Ger Serer WorOerSerSerSerGorGerGe O11 O11 Oe GeO Oe Gee Oe Oo1 Os O+2 O21 O22 O22 O22 O22 +12 O19 O21 G22 Oe WoO O1 O10 Oe OO Or:

£0000 1096 @ 10 O19 +0 1092 O10 106 4 O19 O10 101091101012 GeO 10 G10 O 10 OO 12 O12 O 11 Gs G00 12 O11 O10 209 12 O11 O10 G12 O11 O16 OOOO Sew

bo 0 0120 000110120110 02 0 18008 18102 O12 10518198 11829811811 85282921 O21 O11 81981111 O91 O12 8981010011 O10 10 OHH OHHH O11 OHH OH 8118111181111 OHH OOH OOOOH OHOHe ere tet tt tet et ey thy t
. mint tt Mt fe tet

February, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

- im: Nee

POULTERY

Sey ak Pome >
Se: a

THE SITTING HEN AND HER
MANAGEMENT
By IDA D. BENNETT

HE “sitting hen” is not so much in evi-

dence these days as one would wish
her to be, perhaps. When one has jealously
saved up one or more settings of our choic-
est eggs in anticipation of utilizing them
for future additions to the flock, it is try-
ing, to say the least, to see all one’s flock
go on contentedly from day to day laying
eggs and busying themselves about the
house and yards with apparently no
thought of their duties to the coming gen-
erations of chickens which shall fill the pot
and egg basket when they are no more.
Formerly, the sitting hen was the bane of
the poultry keeper and schemes for her
effacement were rife. Every country woman
has some dearly cherished formula for
“breaking up a hen,’ but so far no one
has evolved a satisfactory scheme for set-
ting them. There is no question of the
superiority of a hen over an incubator and
as a mother she discounts any brooder yet
invented many times over, and could she be
set during the early spring months, we
would have little, if any, use for the ma-
chine-completed chickens.

Frequently a hen will show broody ten-
dencies for a day or two and then go back
to laying, and it is never wise to set a hen
until it has been clearly demonstrated that
she has a well developed attack of incubat-
ing fever. When a hen stays on the nest in
the daytime and is cross when ap-
proached, but returns to the perches at
night, the symptoms are not to be trusted,
but if she remains on the nest throughout
the twenty-four hours, leaving it only
once or at most twice a day for food, and
comes off clucking and with outspread
wings and ruffled feathers, it may be ac-
cepted as prima facie evidence that the
attack will run its usual course of
twenty-one days and arrangements may
be made for setting her, if setting be de-
sired. If, however, it is not desired then
means for “breaking her up” must be
adopted, and this is usually quickly ac-
complished by a change of environment.
Much time is lost and little is gained by
shutting a hen up. This serves rather
to encourage the broody tendency, but
if the hen can be placed in another yard
where the conditions are different and
more congenial than those she has been
accustomed to, she will become so in-
terested in her new surroundings as to
quite forget that she was intending to sit.

When, however, it is decided that
Biddy shall follow her natural inclina-
tion and sit, the first thing to be consid-
ered is the condition of the fowl; she
should be perfectly well and, above all
things, entirely free from lice of all de-
scription. To ascertain the last condi-
tion a careful examination of the fowl
should be made; take the hen up gently
in both hands, holding the wings close
to the body and turn her over onto her
back, head toward one side and gently
separate the feathers along the breast
bone and other parts and look sharply
for the big body lice which will be found

I AM THE BAY “STATE}—~
COATING MAN

@ My Bay State Brick and Cement Coating is
a protection for concrete and stucco, has been
tried under all sorts of conditions and has met
all the requirements. Years before anybody else

<a made a coating for concrete or stucco mine was
an established success.

BAY STATE

@ Mine has no oil in it and you can’t burn it. It will keep out moisture and save
concrete from cracking. You can use it as a floor tint on concrete or wood or
a wall decoration, It has a dull tone and you can use it on a private house, or on
a factory floor, or on a factory wall, in rooms that are damp or in rooms that are
dry, and it does not destroy the distinctive texture of concrete.

@ Just write me and let me send you our Booklet No. 3 that gives you a list of
the houses of concrete and stucco and other constructive work upon which my
coating has been applied.

WADSWORTH HOWLAND & CO.,, Inc.

PAINT AND VARNISH MAKERS AND LEAD CORRODERS
82-84 Washington Street BOSTON, MASS.

Have Spring when you want it. Have it NOW!

All you need is a plot in your garden covered
aa with Sunlight Double Glass Sash.
cae GET THEM NOW.

You will be surprised to see what fine, strong plants
you can grow. Your flowers and vegetables will be
six weeks ahead of the season. And, how much
better they are when not commonplace—when they
are your own achievement !

Sunlights Eliminate the Drudgery

When the hot-bed is made, planted and covered with the double-layered
glass the hard work ends. Thereafter lettuce, radishes, onions an
greens are growing ready to eat: and such plants as cabbage, cauli-
flower, beet, tomato, pepper, cucumber and melon, in order, are growing
ready for the early field. Tbe double glass, enclosing a non-conducting
air space, keeps the bed bright by day and - :
warm by night and does away with the labor
of using heavy boards or shutters. The
sash are complete in themselves.
Get them now.

Our catalog sent free, For 4c we will
also send you Prof. Massey’s book on
hot-beds.

Grow fresh vegetables for your table and to sell.

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO.

943 EAST BROADWAY LOUISVILLE, KY.

Lane Double Timber Hangers

It is of utmost importance to have floor timbers well secured--the stability of
the house depends upon it. In your building do not have the timbers cut away
for mortise and tenon or depend upon flimsy spiking. We carry in stock
20,000 timber hangers adapted to all conditions of construction.

Upon request a beautiful aluminum desk model will be sent to those con-
templating building.

LANE BROTHERS COMPANY

Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

Houltry, Pet amd Line Stork Directory

If you will send us your name and address we
will mail you two valuable Poultry books without
cost to you or obligation on your part.

Or for $3.00 we will start you in the poultry
business.

We will sell you ‘‘The Poultry Review’’ (12
copies), ‘‘The Philo System Book,’’ the new book,
‘‘Making Poultry Pay’’ and ‘‘A Little Poultry
and a Living,’’ all for $3.00 (15 copies) and to
show you how you can make money by the wonder-
ful Philo System we will include and ship you
without extra charge:

Six thoroughbred baby chickens, 1 brooder to
raise them in, one package ‘‘Philo Perfect Baby
Chick Food,’’ two galvanized feed and water
throughs.

We are making safe shipment during winter
weather. We can do this because we have the
largest and best equipped poultry plant and build-
ings in the world. Our new hatchery has a
capacity of 1,800 Cycle Hatchers and we are hatch-
ing big, strong chickens every week of the year.

This offer limited to 50,000 orders—and will be
good for at Jeast 30 days. Mail order to-day and
let us help you to start the best business in the
land.

The reason that we are making you this wonderful
offer is the desire to show you how much money
you can make by taking up the wonderful Philo
System coupled with the assistance which the
Poultry Review will give you during the year.

Please bear in mind the two distinct offers.
They are:

1. Two valuable poultry books free if you will
send us your name and address on a postal card.

2. Six thorougbred chicks, one brooder with
feed troughs, and complete instructions for build-
ing patented coops with every order for $3 00
worth of the latest and best poultry reading, fifteen
volumes in all. Write to-day.

Philo National Poultry Institute

2333 Lake Street, Elmira, N. Y.

Two Poultry Books Free

TESTIMONIALS

New Bedford, Mass., Dec. 13, 1911.
Mr. E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—Iam very glad to inform you that my White Orping-
ton chicks are all alive and smart. They are just six weeks old and
weigh 1144 pounds. I have them in an Economy Coop and they are
growing and developing finely.

M. Goulart.

Scranton, Kansas. Nov, 1, 1911.
Mr. E, R. Philu, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—Yours of October 26 on hand and beg to say that I have
raised all of the White Orpingtons so far. Their average weight is
2%4 pounds each and not quite three months o'd yet. Being a be-
ginner it was quite interesting to watch their development.

Walter Burkhardt.

Marathon, Fla., Dec. 5, 1911.
E. R, Philo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—The little one day old chicks I bought of you are thriy-
ing, and all who see them remark about their thrifty, healthy
appearance.

I do not expect to lose one of them from weakness or sickness. I
refused $20 for them last week.

E. J. Devore.

Paeonian Springs, Va., Nov. 23, 1911.
E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—Your letter of the 20th received, and in reply can give
an excellent report. I have had splendid success, have five out of six.
Out of the six you sent there were four pullets and two cockerels.
My White Orpingtons are a credit to you as well as myself, and they
have been raised almost entirely by the Philo System. If at any time
I need any poultry supplies you will hear from me.

Mrs. J. G. Jacobs.

Augusta, Ga., Nov. 3, 1911.
E. R. Phuo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—The six baby ehickens I bought from you arrived all
O. K. They were, however, delayed about twelve hours in reaching
me, but they were bright and active. I received them at night and
the next morning they were hungry as wolves, and I made them the
custard you suggested. I am greatly pleased with them and expect
to make good later on. They are the most active chicks I ever saw.

Dr. W. S. Wilkinson.

fice
KITCHEN DEN

DINING RM. UVING RIA
BxB x2)
wv

5 est
&

FIRST FLOOR

No. 105. Cost $2,500

Homes of Character j,3%

illustrates 40 Bunga-
Cottages an
Houses costing from $1,000 to $10,000, all suitable for
American Homes—with floor plans, exterior views, de-
scriptions and accurate cost estimates. We develop these
plans to suit the individual requirements of clients all over
the world. e will develop one to fit your needs, or make
special plans according to your ideas, at reasonable prices.
Homes of Character $1.00, postpaid. Descriptive Cir-
cular 2-cent stamp. :
JOHN HENRY NEWSON, (Inc.) Architect 2
1245 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

| We carry the largest stock in America of

ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafow],:

Cranes, Storks, Flamirgoes, Ostriches, Orna-
| mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good
} healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “‘A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.
RA i DANYSZ VIRUS isa
Bacteriological Preparation

AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse-
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75c; ordinary dwelling. 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
sq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now.

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

KILLED BY SCIENCE

Sunol Moe’s Dog and Cat

pply Drinking Fountain

Holds3 pints. Water alwaysavail-

able—never slops over—dog can’t
upset. Dead air space keeps water
cooland fresh. Holds entire day’s
supply. No valves to get out of order
—not complicated. If not at dealers,
sent onreceipt of price; nickel plated,
$3.50; silver plated, $5.00. Sat-

isfaction guaranteed.

OTIS & MOE,
Water 544 S.Dearborn,Chicago

» A SHETLAND PONY

is an unceasing source of pleasure. A safe
and ideal playmate. Makes the child
strong and of robust health. Highest
type—complete outfits—here.
Inexpensive. Satisfaction guar
fa anteed. Write for illustrated
9 catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM

~ Dept. 7 Markham, Va.

FOR SALE

Very handsome homestead property near Philadelphia,

on main line P.R.R. Most desirable residence section ;
all advantages. For further information apply direct to

OWNER, 930 Union St., PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY

DON’T COOK THE COOK

use

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“‘It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for ‘‘Economy Way”’
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“Economy ’? Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not»Poisonous

February, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ili

there; one must look quickly, for the lice
move with incredible swiftness, and the
insect powder must reach them before
they have time to escape. Then the
head and neck must be examined for the
head lice which are so deadly to the
young chicks, as this variety of lice leave
the hen.as soon as the chicks are hatched
and take up their abode upon their heads
and necks where they attach themselves
and drain away the life blood, and if not
ousted soon cause the death of the
chicken. These are the important points
for treatment, but the whole surface of
the body should receive a dusting of in-
sect powder—the best for the purpose
being the Prussian Insect Powder, which
kills instantly any louse with which it
comes in contact.

The nest in which the hen is sitting
should also be well dusted and the hen
placed back again for a day or two, when
the dusting should be repeated to remove
any lice which escaped or have hatched
in the interim, and this dusting should
be once more repeated ere the hen is al-
lowed to sit.

A place entirely apart from the other
fowls should be selected for setting her;
it will not do at all to set the hen in the
hen park or house, as the other hens will
cause trouble by laying to her, or even
getting into the nest to scratch in the
straw or bedding, and much damage to
the eggs will ensue if the hen is not even-
tually driven to abandon her nest. A
quiet place where the nest can be placed
on the ground, but under shelter, and
where the hen can come and go on her
nest, is best in every way, and if this is
also a place the young chicks can be
reared in, so much the better. A separate
park for the purpose, or a barnyard with
an open shed meets all requirements.

For a nest I have a strong prejudice in
favor of barrels turned on their side on
the ground, and rarely use anything else;
these are sufficiently roomy and free
from the deadly corners which make
boxes so objectionable; where boxes
must be used strips of wood should be
nailed in each corner to cut them off and
make an octagon of the box. There is
no escape for a little chicken in a box
when the hen becomes uneasy, as she
sometimes will, and begins to turn every-
thing upside down, but in a barrel they
will climb up the sides, finding ample
foot-hold on the projecting edges of the
staves, or if the barrel is open they can
readily escape.

Boards for closing the ends of the bar-
rels at night should be provided and
every effort made to protect the contents
from marauding cats and rats, which lat-
ter will steal the eggs and little chicks
from beneath the hen if admission to the
barrel is possible.

I prefer to set my hens in the morning
when both I and the hen can see what
we are about. I make a nice nest of
straw, or of sawdust, and place the eggs
therein, and then go for my hen. I sit
down in front of the barrel with her in
my lap facing the nest and where she
can see little else than the interior of the
barrel and its tempting array of eggs;
after a few moments’ survey she will
almost invariably step into the nest for a
closer inspection, step over the nest, turn
around and begin to feel of the eggs with
her bill, finally ending by sitting down
over them and tucking them away under
her breast and wings, when, with a final
flutter and settling of feathers, the work
of incubation has begun and there is
almost never anv further trouble thereafter.

FREE

HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES

COTTAGES - GARAGES - POULTRY HOUSES
BETTER and handsomer than your carpenter will build and

at much less cost and bother. Sections fit together exactly.
Easily erected, yet as durable and rigid as a permanent building.
We make PORTABLE buildings for every purpose—Cottages, Sun
Parlors, Garages, Poultry Houses, Children’s Play Houses, Gardener's
Tool Houses, Schoolhouses, Churches, Stores, etc.
Write us what you are interested in—if a Cottage, how many rooms. If
a Garage, the over-all length of your car and how many cars. If a Poultry
House, how many fowl you wish to accommodate. We can then send you
Complete with Nests, Fountain, Feed printed matter or catalog illustrating goods that will answer your requirements.

Benes ard, Ss he ange uP Write us to-day for catalog IBk ;
eee teat me Price $20.00, E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

A Poultry House
for 12 laying Hens

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

E will send you free of charge
our book ‘The Proper
Treatment for Floors,

Woodwork and _ Furniture,’’ two
sample bottles of Johnson’s Wood
Dye and a sample of Johnson’s Pre-

pared Wax.

This text book of 50 pages is very

_ attractive—80 illustrations—44 of them
in color.

The results of our expensive experi-

- » ments are given therein.
There is absolutely no similarity between

Johnson’s Wood Dye

andwethe mondinanyemstaine,” VVWater <“stains.” perenicucesionar ofan
raise the grain of the wood. Oil ‘‘stains’? ™%20ds ia the following
do not sink below the surface of the wood or No. 126 Light Oat
bring out the beauty of the grain. Varnish No. 125 Mission Oak
‘‘stains”’ are not stains at all, they are merely Ne. 110 Bor Oat
surface coatings which produce a cheap, shiny, %* 12 Der! Motosam
painty finish. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye. No 131 Broo Weathered Oat
It penetrates the wood; does not raise the neon a
grain; retains the high lights and brings out No. 172 Flemish Ook

the beauty of the wood. No. 120 Fumed Oak

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

will not scratch or mar. It should be applied with a cloth; dries instantly
—rubbing with a dry cloth gives a velvety protecting finish of great — ©
beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes. Ores
We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax @..* a
at our expense, Fill out attached coupon being careful to specify Asa 7
the shades of dye wanted. We will mail you the booklet ee
and samples promptly, Do not pass this page until you have
mailed the coupon.

S. C. JOHNSON & SON

Racine, Wis.

“‘The Wood Finishing Authorities’’

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

ALAA AAA DAA AA,

JOTEL CHAMBERLIN |

est

|| —the strongest, lightest and most "
' beautifully grained doors made.

The standard doors of America, made in
the special Morgan way from special
woods by special machinery. Morgan
doors are specified and recommended by all
leading architects. Built of separate layers
of kiln dried wood with the grain running
in opposite directions. Shrinking, warp-
ing or swelling is impossible.

Each door is stamped ““MORGAN” which guar-
antees quality, style, durability and satisfaction.
Be sure your doors bear the “MORGAN” stamp.

Send for a copy of our elegant new

eatalog **‘The Door Beautiful’’— just

out—full of page illustrations of interiors
and attractive exteriors in all styles, showing

Morgan Doors and their surroundings—tells

why it is the best kind of economy to use

Morgan Doors throughout your building.

Write for your copy today

Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oskosh, Wis.

Distributed by Morgan Sash and Door Co., Chicago
Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md.

Morgan Doors are handled by dealers who do not substitute.

a OE eee eT ese

eS 3S

Sat Old Point Comfort, Virginia. _

Do You Know
the Delights of Real Southern
Cocking ?

Have you ever tasted Virginia Corn Pone? How
about some delicious fried chicken or Smithfield Ham
—done toa turn? Or perhaps you would like some
nice Fresh Oysters, Crabs or Fish. The kind served at
The Chamberlin come fresh from the water to you.
We riise our own Vegetables, the kind that grow
only in our Mellow, Ideal, Southern Climate.

This is the kind of food for which The Chamberlin
is famous, and the cooking—well, delicious comes far
from adequately describing it. It’s something that
will linger in your memory long after other joys are
forgotten. The daily menus are elaborate—the ser-

vice perfect in every detail—and no one ever stays at
The Chamberlin without having an appetite. The
Invigorating Air, the Wholesome Recreation takes
care of that.

Location Unique In Every Respect

Look at the illustration—you see the Chamberlin
right at the water’s edge—on Hampton Roads. The
naval scene illustrated is an every day occurrence for
this is the rendezvous of the Nation’s warships Here
too, is Fortress Monroe—the center of Military ac-
tivities. No other resort is so situated. The Hotel
is magnificently appointed, yet homelike. It has the
largest and best appointed-Sea Pool and the most
Complete Medicinal Baths of any resort: Dancing,
Bathing, Riding, are a few of the recreations for you
to choose from.

For further information and interesting illustrated booklets, apply at any Tourist Bureau or
i Transportation Office or address me personally.

GEO. F. ADAMS, Mer., Fortress Monroe, Va.

CLL LLL LLL ELL TLL LLL TELL TITIEL LEP ELLE LOLI EL LULL LL ITIL LLL LE

Sample and
Circular
Free

New York Office, 1122 Broadway

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool :

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and

VERTICAL SECTION,

| CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR.

keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY

I have never had but one hen refuse to
go on the nest of her own accord and she
had to be shut in for a day or two, after
which there was no more worry.

Once set, the hen should be disturbed
as little as possible. She should be fed
twice a day, placing the feed where she
can see it, but never under any circum-
stances in the barrel, and keeping a sup-
ply of fresh water where she can get it
at will. If there is no natural dust bath
available a dish of sifted coal ashes should
be placed where she can get it, and this
should be well sprinkled with insect
powder.

If the hen is sitting in a very dry place
it will be necessary to supply moisture
to eggs and bedding by sprinkling them
with warm water once or twice a week
and again about the time they are to
hatch.

The hen should be disturbed as little
as possible when hatching; if eggshells
are thrown out of the nest regularly it
may be taken for granted that the hatch-
ing is progressing favorably, but if it
appears that the eggs are not hatching
as they should and more than twenty-
two days have elapsed it will be well
to examine the eggs by holding them to
the ear; if no sound is discernible—a
sight rustling or crackling sound or a
tiny peep—the egg may be shaken care-
fully; if there is the sound of agitated
water, the egg may be set down as addled
and removed. When ever so faint a peep
is heard instead there is a little impris-
oned chick inside, probably too feeble to
force its way out, and the shell may be
carefully chipped as near the head as
may be determined. If the inner skin is
found dry and tough it should be mois-
tened by dipping the finger in warm
water and touching the skin until it be-
comes soft and pliant; never remove the
skin when it shows blood veins or the
chick will bleed to death; these veins and
the yolk of the egg are the last thing ab-
sorbed by the chick before it breaks the
shell, and on these it exists for the first
twenty-four hours, and when they are
present it indicates that the chick was
not yet quite ready to leave its shell.
Sometimes when eggs are a little old or
have been sent from a distance, or from
not especially a vigorous parent, the eggs
require more than the regular twenty-
one days to hatch, and these facts must
be taken into consideration in judging
whether interference is called for.

No feed should be offered the hen
when hatching or until she voluntarily
leaves the nest with her brood, then the
first meal for the little chicks should be
hard boiled egg chopped fine, and a little
scalded milk to drink. Very young
chickens should be fed every hour, plac-
ing only as much food before them as
they will eat up clean and removing any
that may be left. Clean water in shal-
low dishes should be always available,
and the dishes should be changed and
cleaned frequently. Do not use any-
thing large enough to seriously wet a
young chick, and surely nothing large
enough for them to drown in should be
placed before them; the saucers which
come with flower pots make admirable
drinking vessels for little chicks, and if
a flower pot with a small hole drilled
near the top and the hole in the bottom
corked is filled with water and the
saucer turned over it and then reversed,
one has an excellent home-made drink-
ing fountain, quite equal for all ordi-
nary purposes to the ones in the market.

‘

February, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v

ct laa By You Should Keep

aa Yama Black Minorcas

Si iferene years ago, after thoroughly and scientifically investigating the

different breeds of chickens, we decided that the Minorca was the
most desirable—

First—because of the beauty of the bird ttselt.

EA)
Second—because tt lays the largest hen’s egg known, and attractively
white-shelled.

Third—because tt lays not only the largest eggs but ts among the heaviest
layers.

Fourth—because its weight and extra long breast bone, providing an
unusual amount of white meat, make it especially desirable tor the table.

We bought the best breeding stock to be had and have developed the
Yama Single-Comb Black Minorcas — high-stationed cocks that weigh 8%
pounds and upward, and hens 7% pounds and upward—extra heavy layers
of large white-shelled eggs.

The fact that we have been successful is demonstrated by our First Prize
for a pen at the Madison Square Garden in December 1910, and again with
entirely different individuals, a First Prize for a pen in 1911, with other
prizes for first Cock and second Hen, etc.

aces

All of these birds, with 200 other aristocrats selected from thousands of
thoroughbreds, are now in our breeding pens.

Last season we did not care to sell eggs from our best prize
pens, but only from our heavy laying stock.

This season (after February 1st) we are ready to supply eggs for
hatching from our best birds at $10 for asetting of 1S eggs. We guar-
antee that any infertile eggs, if returned, will be replaced free of cost.

We can sell no more hens or pullets this season, but we can
spare a few well-bred cockerels — brothers of our finest pullets.

YAMA FARMS, Yama-no-uchi, Napanoch, New York l ‘

fe Neth

Lower gate of
Yama-no-uchi

{I es

thn
sos

- |
hos Le GE a ot i, SS a

“THE MARVEL THERMOSTAT”

USED IN CONNECTION WITH ANY HEATING SYSTEM
SAVES LABOR AND COAL. PREVENTS FIRE AND SICKNESS

The Clock and Thermostat, finished in
rich brushed brass (shown on the left)

ST
4 ae. Od,

Wl) see oee
73 are located in the living room, or any
otherroom desired. Fromthisa concealed
electric wire leads to our motor in the
basement, by which the drafts of the heat-
ing system are automatically controlled.

You can have any temperature desired,
by simply setting the Thermostat to the
required degree.

You can make the temperature low dur-
ing the night or when absent from home,
and automatically, the drafts will be turned
on in the morning or just before returning
to your home, by setting the alarm hand
on the clock for the designated hour. The
“Thermostat will then be turned up to
seventy (70) degrees, the motor automatically put in operation, the drafts turned on,
the temperature brought to the desired degree, and so remain until changed.

Every heat unit in your fuel is used, and a uniform temperature is assured. The
danger of fire is lessened by making it impossible for the furnace pipes or radiators to
become overheated. A great amount of labor is eliminated by the drafts being con-
trolled by our motor, and the saving in coal will pay a big return on your investment.

Without any obligation—write for our Booklet—and any other information desired.

AMERICAN THERMOSTAT (OMPANY

Department “A,” ELMIRA, N. Y.

Marvel Automatic Motor

The “‘ Marvel’’ requires no winding or
pulling up of weights, as do all other
Thermostats, and operates the entire season
without any attention. The cut below
shows our motor operated by four dry
cells.

It is compact, durable, and put up with
neatness and mechanical skill exceeded by
no other Thermostat.

It is the only complete automatic Thermo-
stat in existence, and, by reason therof is

the best time, labor and fuel saver on the
market.

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

From a Photograph Showing the Last Step in Locating the Exact Center of Population of the United States.

“The Center of Population”
A Title that Fits Every Bell Telephone

From the census of 1910 it is found that the center of population is in Bloomington, Indiana, latitude
39 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds north, and longitude 86 degrees 32 minutes 20 seconds west.

“Tf all the people in the United States
were to be assembled in one place, the
center of population would be the point
which they could reach with the mini-
mum aggregate travel, assuming that
they all traveled in direct lines from their
residence to the meeting place.”

—U. 8S. Census Bulletin.

This description gives a word picture
of every telephone in the Bell system.

Every Bell telephone is the center of
the system.

It is the point which can be reached
with “the minimum aggregate travel,”
by all the people living within the range
of telephone transmission and having
access to Bell telephones.

Wherever it may be on the map, each
Bell telephone is a center for purposes
of intercommunication.

To make each telephone the center
of communication for the largest number
of people, there must be One System,
One Policy and Universal Service for a
country of more than ninety million.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

One System

Universal Service

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

i/Hartmann-Sanders Co. |

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE

ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Eastern Office: F
1123 Broadway, New York City |

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St.. N, Y. C.
Benches. Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts.
GARDEN EXPERTS
Send 15c. for Booklet

Mantels Entrances

A Beautiful Illustrated Book-
let, ‘WHERE SUN DIALS
ARE MADE,” sent upon re-
quest. Estimates furnished.

DIALS

Any Latitude
E. B. MEYROWITZ, 108 East 23d St., New York

Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

The Schilling Press

Job PRINTERS _Fine
Book Art
and San Press
Catalog Vv; Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E, 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ARCHITECTURE AND THE LAYMAN

By MIRA EDSON

T is said that the average layman looks

upon architecture as a mystery only to
be comprehended by the learned or experi-
enced, and hence he leaves architectural
journals quite out of his reading. Perhaps
it is true also that he knows so little of the
subject because until lately the popular
magazines have given it so little attention,
and it has been, as a matter of fact, easily
open only to those with some professional
or student interest to begin with. There
is no lack at present, however, of popular
literature upon the subject.

As a matter of fact, architecture, and
those subjects intimately connected with it,
is the art which may be best and most easily
apprehended by the layman, because hav-
ing a basis in use certain of its values are
at once perceived and may form a beginning
for further development of it. Architecture
stands, as one may say, at the center of the
arts from which they move out either
toward abstract beauty or toward the prac-
tical and constructive. Architecture is so
closely concerned, too, with our civic life
that it could not only prove, to those per-
sons who may take a vital interest in it,
an avenue of unsuspected imaginative
wealth for them, but it would do much to
forward a general art development among
us. “Ifa little more interest were taken by
laymen in simple architectural problems,” it
is claimed by professionals, “these would
certainly be better solved.” The layman
therefore does well to consider articles in
architectural as well as popular journals,
and for the interest the subject itself can
give outside of any personal immediate
practical application.

Early American ideals were sound here.
“Beauty, convenience, grandeur of thought
and quaint expression are as near to us
as to any, and if the American artist will
study with hope and love the precise thing
to be done by him, considering the climate,
the soil, the length of the day, the wants
of the people, the habit and form of the
government, he will create a house in which
all these will find themselves fitted, and
taste and sentiment will be satisfied also.”
So spake the sage of New England at a
time when we are wont to consider the
arts less “progressive” than to-day. They
were less self-conscious, certainly, but not
less true because of that, and they have
left us remains which are, in their way, so
eminently suitable and fine that we rejoice
in The Colonial even to the point of imi-
tation.

There are numerous books put out to-day
for the purpose of introducing the people to
this subject, and which present it in an
interesting and simple way; books which
illustrate their points by reference to con-
crete examples which are to be seen in the
streets of New York city and elsewhere;
buildings which illustrate the styles of the
past and also the tendencies in modern
building and the opportunity these offer for
beauty. There are also lectures upon these
subjects which are given free in all the
large cities, and there are societies which
one can join which make it their aim to
stimulate and to further study and to sug-
gest practical helps to those desirous of
learning. If the nation is to make any real
advance in Civic beauty and in the develop-.
ment of architectural style the whole people
must be initiated. Those who would acquire
some knowledge of styles, however little,
learning something of their history and
their influence to-day, will find that it amply
repays any time or trouble spent therein.

February, 1912 NViEleAN SEOMES “AND GARDENS vii

A CONVENIENT SHELF FOR MANY
PURPOSES

By IDA D. BENNETT
RIGINALLY intended for a drawing

convenience which would afford abun-
dant elbow-room in a room where space
was at a premium, the shelf was found
adapted to so many purposes as to be avail-
able in every part of the house.

Placed between two windows in a bed-
room, it formed, when properly draped, a
most attractive toilet table. Given a four-
inch border to match the woodwork in the
room, and with the center covered Ne
green felt, finished with furniture gimp, 1
proved just the place for magazines—a cae
manent place where they were out of the
way and always easily available and in
order.

In the kitchen it furnished an extra table
when needed and was dropped out of the
way and 1 NCOs PUCEOUS when not in use.

Beneath them are ota
workmanship that are appreci

Carpenters and locksmiths recogn
inner worth of Sargent Locks. Thee

_ in the solid construction the secunity for en “a
these locks are famed; they find every ae
accurately fitted in its place.

Sargent Hardware and Locks are oe
working, efficient; they work with ease, quie
and sureness ouch ee years of service

f
©

illustrates many patterns aitable for sollte buildings, residences, etc.

for this book and confer with your architect in the selection of a desi
harmonize with your architecture. Ask him to specify the use of Sar
Hardware out the building. |

[ PROTECT Your floors

and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in

HUPP-YEATS ELECTRIC COACH

See it at local branch in all large cities

The drawings show the construction of | | place of casters. Made in 110 styles SE COR BORE ON is ab aster St yO Ean OM YMICH.
tie shielh aud iiesmiannemor attachinesit to) | liaeee oc Bet
the wall. Its size varies with the use to Write ux—Onward Mfg. Co.,

é c C Menasha, Wisconsin, U.S, A.
which it will be put. If under a window, Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

it should be as long as the window casing
and wide enough to come to the top of the
baseboard, or even to the floor. It should
be made of smooth lumber and should, if
possible, be glued together rather than
nailed to cleats; this gives a top surface
which may be finished to match the wood-
work of the room. This, of course, would
not be of moment where the shelf was to

iad
Le =I aa Sy

THE WARD FENCE CO., Box 991, Decatur, Ind.

R SHADE 0D
ROLLERS
Original and unequaled. ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCE
Wood ortin rollers. ‘‘Improved”* Cheaper and more durable than wood. Over 100 patterns for
requires no tacks, Inventor’s Lawns, Churches, Cemeteries, Public Grounds, ete. Ornamental
signature on De Wire and Iron Fence, Farm and Poultry Fence. Writs for our
large catalog before buying. We Can Suve You Money.

b d toilet table, th Id
ee | OT — Sewage Van Dorn
For use in a window where house plants HLEY Di l
Sr Dene I Works C
ee eons | eerie isposa ron WV Orks Uo.

also affords a place for handling the plants
when they require it, for changing them
about or for drawing them back from the
window on a frosty night.

It is in the matter of their cost that such
devices prove of special value to the home-
maker and one should always seek to make
the most out of material which is at hand.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
WN FURNITURE
Banco enn Rw FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

COED“ Without Sewers

“panes” For Country Homes

is best secured by the Ashley System. Don’t
allow disease germs to breed in open drains,
or in cesspools in your country place.

Write for Free Illustrated Booklet: Address

Ashley House Sewage Disposal Co.

115 Armida Avenue Morgan Park, Ill.

vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

Every Gallon Guaranteed

The maker's guarantee and the proof of over twenty-five
years’ use in every climate insures the user o

Cabot’s Creosote Stains

Reliable dealers and painters recommend them, although
they can make more profit on the cheap an in ammable
mixtures of kerosene and benzine. Every cent “‘saved"’ in
buying cheap stains is a dollar wasted in labor and value.
“Your stain, which has been used in this neighborhood,
has always improved with age, growing deeper and richer
in tone, while the cheap stains have ruined the appearance
of several houses here, fading toa rusty brown entirely or
in Spots.” —W. A. Foot. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Stained with Cabot’s Stains, You can get Cabot's Stains all over the country.
Forman & Light, Arch’ts, 40 Cedar St., N. Y. Send for free samples of stained wood.

SAMUEL CABOT, INC., Mfg. Chemists, 131 MILK STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

Y 9 ( e Can be used as a blind or an awning at will. Can be pulled up out of sight if
Wilson S utsl e enetians desired. Slats open and close. Admit air, exclude sun. Operated from inside.
Suitable for town and country houses. Orders should be placed NOW for Spring

or Summer delivery.

Inside View Outside View Blind Pulled Up Venetian Blinds for Piazzas and Porches
Wilson's Blinds have been furnished to the homes of Charles Lanier, J. P. Morgn, A. G. Vanderbilt, Clarence Mackay, Wm. C. Whitney,
H. M. Flagler, Mrs. R. Gambrill, J. S. Kennedy, C. Ledyard Blair, James C. Colgate, O. Harriman, Jr., and many others.
Send for Catalogue Venetian No. 5. JAMES G. WILSON MEG. CO., 5 West 29th Street, NEW YORK

am an BE SE BAR

| 87 aU Be Ae RS
Serag ne Or 8a
* arin WE UE

These buildings ranging from the modest residence to the imposing office building and mammoth
hotel, have been chosen at random from those put into commission during the past twelve months in
the different cities of the United States and represent a fair selection from the many examples of
Architectural Art. In all of these the far-seeing architect has specified and the discriminating
builder has accepted Wolff’s Goods as embodying all the desirable features of modern plumbing
backed by the reputation cf Fifty-seven Years of Quality.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Company

MANUFACTURERS OF

PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY

THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE MADE BY ANY ONE FIRM

Showrooms

111 N. Dearborn St., Chicago

Denver, Colo.

General Offices

601-627 W. Lake St., Chicago
Trenton, N. J.

Branch Offices:

Omaha, Neb. St. Louis, Mo. Cleveland, Ohio Kansas City, Mo. Buffalo, N. Y.
Minneapolis, Minn. San Francisco, Cal. Washington, D. C. Cincinnati, Ohio Dallas, Texas

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY OF
WORKROOMS

HE effect of different temperatures

and degrees of humidity in the air
in diffrent workrooms, mines, etc., has
been tabulated by a German, who sums up
his observations and recommendations as
follows:

At a temperature of 10 deg. C. (50 deg.
F.) the worker is liable to catch cold if not
protected specially by warm clothing. If
the work is severe physically and the body
thereby greatly heated, a temperature of at
least 12 deg. C. (53.6 deg. F.) is necessary
for comfort and health. If a lower tem-
perature is unavoidable, then thick clothing
is necessary. If the work is physically less
exacting, with ordinary clothing 18 to 20
deg. C. (64.4 to 68 deg. F.) and about 40
per cent. of saturation is right. Miners,
tunnel laborers, bakers, etc., who are com-
pelled to work where the temperature is 30
to 56 deg. C. (86 to 132.8 deg. F.), with
humidity 60 per cent. and even over, are in
danger of heat-stroke, unless special precau-
tions be taken to prevent it. For tempera-
tare over 50 to 60 deg. C. (122 to 140

deg. F.), where the air is dry—say with
humidity 20 per cent.—as is the case with
glass blowers and distillers, the work is not
so exacting by reason of the low degree of
moisture.

The two sets of workmen mentioned last
should as far as is practical strip for their
work, and should enjoy good ventilation;
also should use heat veils and screens.

THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME

COOLING AND COVERING

Retrun promptly to the ice box unused
portion of milk. Standing in the warm
room will greatly hasten the growth of
germs. Keep the milk tightly covered, so
that dust, dirt and flies may not enter.

OPENING BOTTLES

Wipe the mouth of the bottle carefully
with a clean towel before removing the cap.
Use a sharp pronged instrument, inserted
diagonally into the center of the cap, to
remove it. Keep this instrument clean.
Lift the cap with care and rinse it in clean
running water before replacing it.

IMPROPER IMPLEMENTS

Do not use large steel knives, shears or
other heavy implements to remove the cap.
Such instruments splinter the glass, par-
ticles of which may enter the milk.

Many dealers, on, request, will supply
convenient implements for this purpose.

CLEAN VESSELS

Pour the milk into clean receptacles.
Dirty vessels will as readily contaminate
the milk as will dust, dirt and flies.

Place milk dipped from cans or tanks
only in clean covered pails or other cov-
ered receptacles.

UNUSED MILK

Pour only enough milk from the bottle
for the specific use. Do not put any un-
used portion back with the milk which it
was taken but place it in the ice box in
another covered vessel.

DAILY SUPPLY

Do not keep more than one day’s supply
of milk at a time. Order a fresh supply
daily.

MIX THE MILK

Mix the milk well before using. Inverting
the bottle rapidly two or three times will
accomplish this. Cream separates and rises
to the top, making this mixing necessary.

February, 1912

\\
aN

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS ix

FOR MARCH, THE ANNUAL HORTICULTURAL NUMBER

HEN one sits in his easy chair, drawn up before the

cheery blazing fire of the Winter months, he may be
dreaming of the delights of Summer and of all that Na-
ture’s loveliest season now holds in store for him to be dis-
closed when the months to come shall clothe the earth in
gay raiment of emerald verdure, patterned with countless
gorgeous flowers. But if he would assist in making the days
to come more joyful in all the happiness the possession of a
beautiful garden (even though it may be a tiny one) brings
to everyone, he must begin early in the year to busy himself
with all the things that concern planting. That is one of
the reasons why the March number of AMERICAN HoMEs
AND GARDENS, this magazine’s annual horticultural number,
will devote much of its space to gardening articles. Indeed,
no amateur gardener can afford to be without it, for it will
serve as a veritable garden primer of the subjects of which
it will treat. The opening article will tell the reader all
that it is probably necessary for him to know about the
flower garden, while the original and very helpful planting
table for flowers, as well as the exquisite illustrations that
accompany the text, will make this March gardening guide
invaluable not only to the amateur, but to the professional
gardener as well. Moreover, the article will be of interest
to every reader whether or not he is or has been interested
in the subject, for itis approached from an unhackneyed point
of view in a manner that should make a wide appeal. The
Editor of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS believes that
many of the gardening articles appearing from time to time
in various publications that assume the task of helping the
home-builder are, after all, little more than ‘“‘dry bones” of
compilation dug out of encyclopaedias of horticulture,
culled from agricultural bulletins, or government reports,
with little reference to their constructive value outside of
specialization. Of course, a magazine devoted solely to
the subject of gardening may be expected, in the course of its
run throughout several years, to have covered its field pretty
thoroughly, and for novelty to be depending somewhat upon
specialized subjects with a limited interest. However, know-
ing that there exists a perennial interest in the planning,
planting and care of a garden, the Editor of AMERICAN
Homes AND GARDENS seeks writers on horticultural sub-
jects who are also alive in their interest to the fact that our
readers should have, and are having horticultural articles
placed before them in the pages of this magazine, designed
to have a definite constructive bearing upon the relationship
of the garden to the home and home life. AMERICAN
HoMEs AND GARDENS does not seek to present mere horti-
cultural novelties, compilations or specialized agricultural
experiment notes, but instead gives every one of its readers
horticultural information that will prove of value to all,
and presents it clothed in readable text that is more than
mere pen-task. Mr. F. F. Rockwell, an American agri-
culturist and horticulturist of recognized authority, will con-
tribute an unusually valuable article to the March number
on “Planning and Planting the Vegetable Garden,” which
will be copiously illustrated with reproductions of the finest
photographs procurable, and further enhanced in both

utility and interest by the accompaniment of one of the best
and most practical planting tables ever devised. There will
be other gardening articles in the March number, and two
architectural articles on two attractive Western houses, to-
gether with a description of ‘‘A Chalet on the Maine Coast.”
FARMING AND EDUCATION

T the time of its recent national convention in New

Orleans, the American Bankers’ Association appointed
a committee, to be known as the Committee on Agricultural
Development and Education, for the purpose of referring
to it the matter of looking into the financing of farmers on
small tracts of land. This follows the example set by the
Minnesota Bankers’ Association, appointed some time ago
to investigate the subject of agricultural development in
Minnesota. It was found by the Minnesota committee that
out of the state’s 435,000 school children, some 1,800 were
taking the agricultural courses offered by the state’s various
schools and colleges. From these figures, the committee
reasoned that 99.6 per cent. of the coming generation were
being educated by the state primarily to be consumers,
whereas the future producers were represented by only
four tenths per cent. With Minnesota’s 45,000,000 acres
of uncultivated land, against some 19,000 million acres of
farm land under cultivation, as has been pointed out in a
recent review of the situation by Mr. Joseph Chapman, Jr.,
chairman of the American Bankers’ Association committee,
it would seem that there must be some definite connection
between the educational problem and the agricultural
problem, suggesting the necessity of bringing about a re-
construction of our present school system to meet the neces-
sity of fitting our children for meeting the more practical
problems of life, that must be faced by an earlier training
for pursuits, trades or professions that will enable them to
earn their own livelihood. ‘This is a matter which the
Editor of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS believes to be
one of the most important questions of the day. We have
been prone to admit everything from bead-stringing to
basketry into the curriculum of our schools, but we have
paid very little attention either to discovering the natural
bent of the child in school or of developing it in accordance
with natural interests. ‘The old-time apprenticeship system,
fraught with hardships and rigors our civilization could not
tolerate to-day, still offers to us much in the way of valuable
suggestion that our educators could well afford to study,
inasmuch as the seriousness of our present drifting away
from the responsibility of beginning early enough in the
child’s life to help him to help himself in the matter of
choosing the vocation that shall make his future a happy
one is definite enough to call for some decided reaction
against its pernicious tendencies. Of course, the Editor
does not mean that we must returm solely to the three R’s,
nor does he ignore the value of the manual training and like
courses in our schools, but he does believe that we waste an
enormous amount of time over pedagogic foolishness, to
the detriment of our national advance, and he wishes that
for every library donated to a municipality there would stand
someone ready to follow it—or, better still, precede it—
with a trade, technical, agricultural or vocational school.

= SsuUUMUMAAAiAUILILE

There are two kinds of builders’ hardware. One is
cast. The other is stamped from thin sheets sometimes
of brass—more often of steel plated to look like some
other metal.

Obviously there is not the smallest difficulty in
telling the difference between stamped hardware and
cast hardware,—if in the aT
purchase you realize that
such a thing as stamped
hardware exists.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
TT TT

Why Cast Bronze Hardware?

Suen =; i

February, 1912

you feel as though you had been cheated,—as though
you had picked up a papier mache imitation of a
coin instead of the coin itself.
We are prejudiced against stamped hardware be
cause it is an imitation of something which it is not.
It is insincere, it is untrue. Compared to cast hard-
ye ware, it 1s poor, and thin
and mean,—we are almost
sorry it exists. Almost
sorry,—not quite.

Unfortunately many
people do not realize this,

and tempted by appear-

ra
IS Y / AL Se

For stamped hard-
ware fills many needs
where cast hardware

ance and the exceedingly
low price of the stamped
article, they buy what can
not but be a source of
constant disappointment
during its entire exist-
ence.

The first and most
obvious difference be-
tween stamped hardware
and cast hardware is
pretty clearly expressed
by the names under which
the two classes are
known. Each piece of
cast hardware is moulded
separately by a_ skilled
artisan.

Stamped hardware on
the other hand consists of
sheet metalso exceedingly
thin that it can be easily
pressed between _ steel
dies into the form of the
design which has been
determined upon, then
polished, plated and fin-
ished to represent what-
ever it 1s intended to
imitate.

As the single advan-
tage of stamped hardware
lies in its cheapness, it 1s
easy to understand that
its finish must be Loar too.

It is easy to understand also that the design which
can be stamped on thin sheet steel must fail utterly in
all sharp corners and in those little details of decoration
which depend so largely for their attractiveness upon
being absolutely clean cut amd fine pointed.

Stamped hardware is in the most literal sense of the
term a hollow mockery.

This is our advertisement. We have paid for the
space and in it we may say what we like about our
products. Moreover, we make stamped hardware as
well as cast hardware. Therefore our opinion on the
subject is utterly without prejudice. Examine for one
moment the outline drawing on this page and you will
understand the entire problem at a glance.

Perhaps the best way to express it in a few words
is to say that you are disappointed when you pick
up a piece of stamped hardware. It has the appearance
of weight and solidity, yet when you take hold of it

Cait Bronze,

The Makers re ee

Local O,
Yale Products geek OFEES

London, Paris,
Hamburg

sali Mii ie |

The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

Chicago, San Francisco

MODUS GUHA OUGGLOAORTA TL

would on account of its
cost be wholly impos-
sible and impracticable.

Many a cottage has
been made _ outwardly
attractive in its appear-
ance by the’ use ofa

Sometimes even tem-
porary structures can be
fitted with really good
looking hardware because
of the extreme cheapness
of the stamped goods.

On the other hand the
word “Yale” has come to
stand for so much that
is strong, and fine, and
solid and substantial, so
much that is genuine that
we who have been long
associated with it, turn
naturally to the type of
hardware that most nearly
represents what we think
hardware ought to be.

There is probably no
concern in all the world
which has given to the
production of really beau-
tiful, really substantial
hardware the attention
that has been given to it
by The Yale & Towne
Mfg. Company.

It is doubtful if there be anywhere a collection of
artists who work so sympathetically together, who are
so single in their purpose to produce only that which
meets the very strictest’ requirements of quality,—that
which most nearly represents the Yale standard.

Every piece of cast hardware produced by these men
has behind it the strength and the individuality wrought
of a single hand.

When the castings come from the sand, marvel-
lous though they be in their intricacy of detail and
the fidelity which they follow to the smallest point,
the models from which they were cast, they are after
all but the skeleton of the finished article.

Every. individual piece is filed and polished; many
of them chased and chiselled and worked over by the
hand of an artisan who js indeed an artist.

Look for the name Ya/e on your hardware.

We have published a little book about Yale Hardware in your home.
We shall be pleased to send it to you—may we?

Stamped.

g Murray Street,
New York, UZS2Ae

«i

SSS

E oe

Lass,

sono

Bi.

CON \ pio a Ok FEBRUARY, 1912

COUNTRYS RESIDENCE OF UMIRSsERPSBY Ey BISLAND. 222.2406 0 oe kt ee ee ee Frontispiece
PIRELE bel OUSEMING WHESOUIBUIRBStrariens ito 3: hee Hate w eee eee By Robert Leonard Ames — 39
JRIBATY INAUPESINSIDS 2% 0s Soin ha sos Ree ee By George Leland Hunter 45
IPHAIUN GUE § CORNER @ AcenRINGMIVIE een antes sla SG ete or dis se ae Phas dee ea ee ke ee 49
(ANG MREHMDE CS OWING OWSEre ra ose. aoe els we eee By Rutherford M. Nesbit 50
DOORS FOR DHE HOUSE——INSIDPPAND: OUTS. 6 2 ete eel ee eee ee nee ee enn 54-55
PIANOSEIN REVADION STG! SHPIR SURROUNDINGS. «2.26.6. es eee ees By Mira Edson 56
CARNATION GROWING ROR EVERYONE. ¢o05 207.0 606 cena ee ee ed By Mary W. Mount 58
Is (GIRS Js DAIRAIDSINITE oc, Posen oto dec gece Cee Oe a By Harry Martin Yeomans 61
BEE ME MPING IA SPAR EASININIEY times ols Aan die cr ce k a ews Re eee ees By E. I. Farrington 63
WITHIN THE House—Concerning Draperies............... By Harry Martin Yeomans 66
AROUND THE GARDEN—February Gardening, Indoors and Out....................... 68
HeLps To THE HousewirE—Something About the Luncheon...... By Elizabeth Atwood 70
The “Sitting Hen”’ New Books The Editor’s Notebook
Hotbeds and Coldframes

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President WME UP IND IN| &e CO) - x [enc Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

coanioano a ejconc acco fof) fa oaao,acc fo coondpoooo eH ARS) (0) (EEE

Copyright 1912 by Munn & Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

‘ ; Photograph by T. C. Turner
The country residence of Mrs. Presby E. Bisland, at Bronxville, New York, is one of the loveliest suburban homes in America

The House in the Suburbs

By Robert Leonard Ames
Photographs by T. C. Turner

sq|HIERE would be difficulty in finding an _ beaches, while its northern shores are heavily wooded,
la] American city set in surrounding country boldly outlined with bluffs, coves and sheltered harbors, and
more varied in character than that which to the north of the metropolis stretches the country land of
encompasses the city of New York within Westchester county, with its picturesque rolling hills stretch-
a radius of fifty miles. To the south, Staten ing from the Hudson away toward Connecticut, where again
Island presents an attractive area, now flat, the shore lands, within a short distance of the great city,
now hilly; to the east, Long Island lends the low lands of attract those home-builders who wish to live near the sea.
its southern shore, marked by inlets, bays and long sandy Across the Hudson River from New York, New Jersey

e «

The attractive half-timber house of Mrs. Presby Bisland, at Bronxville, New York, viewed from the side fronting th

= —* —*

e hedge-bordered roadway

40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Front of the house of Mrs. Presby Bisland, at Bronxville, New York

stretches toward the west, offering almost an endless variety
of landscape—marsh, plain, hillside, mountain and valley.
Indeed, the mountain country of New Jersey is so wild in
parts that it is really possible to hunt foxes there—within an
hour’s ride of the center of Manhattan.

The homes which have been built in all these suburban
districts represent, as one might expect, almost ever i possible
phase of su- —-
burban_ do- |
mestic archi-- | | ES
tecture, which
suggests to
anyone plan-
ning to build
a suburban
home the
wealth of
ideas here of-
fering them-
selves in the
various ex-
amples of
country-house architecture of the sort which one is able to
find in the vicinity of New York. Indeed, no other Ameri-
can city offers so wide a range of examples of suburban
architecture as does New York, and therefore it cannot fail
to be of interest to describe in this article some of the repre-
sentative types of suburban houses to be found in this varied
section of the country, referred. to in the introduction.

TERRACE

PIAZZA

Plans of the house of Mrs. Presby Bisland, Bronxville, ENew York

February, 1912

It must be borne in mind that varying styles of architec-
ture do not always harmonize when grouped closely to-
gether, but in the case of the houses here described, it may
be said that each has the good fortune to command suf-
ficient space for itself to provide an environment that gives
it just that necessary isolation to prevent it from either
spoiling or being spoiled by the adjacent types of houses
not planned in accord.

In the beautiful suburb of Bronxville, New York, one of
the most charming residence sections of Westchester county,
one finds the delightful house here illustrated, belonging to
Mrs. Presby Bisland, which was designed by Messrs. Bates
& How, architects, New York. Many of the houses in
this locality are stucco or half-timber, and fortunate indeed
are they in tending to harmonize, one with another, in the
general architectural ensemble. The topography of Bronx-
ville is such that many of the houses to be found there have
had literally to be fitted to their sites, resulting in some par-
ticularly interesting architectural effects. The Bisland house
is set within ample grounds, that are surrounded and pro-
tected by a hedge of clipped privet. The house itself is a
stucco, half-timber dwelling, designed on rambling lines,
though well balanced from every point of view. Its gables
and picturesque chimneys and the overhang of the upper
story render it one of the most attractive houses in its vicin-
ity. It immediately suggests one of the old homes the

AN traveler in
E n g loaned
meets when
journeying
through Eng-
lish villages.
The Elazae
bethan effect
is further em-
phasized by
the usienom
leaded glass in
various win-
(___ dows, and in
the usemou
square and diamond-paned windows elsewhere. One ap-
proaches the house by a short path, entering a square hall
containing the main stairway. To the left a large living-
room, with broad deep fireplaces and shallow windows, opens
from the hallway. This bay forms a window-seat, whence
one looks out upon the lawn and shrubbery through six
leaded-glass windows of diamond panes. From the living-

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

BALCONY

BEDROOM

BEDROOM
BEDROOM

February, 1912

room a small conservatory opens out upon a broad terrace,
which terrace leads down a flight of steps to the out-

buildings. To the right of
the hall a triangular space
gives entrance to the dining-
room, which is diagonal to
the living-room wing of the
house, as also are the service
quarters that complete the
dining-room wing.

An inspection of the ac-
companying plans will show
with what ingenuity this room
has been worked out, for the
whole wing containing it is
diagonal to the other half of
the house. The dining-room
has been worked out as an
octagon, four sides of which
have windows that face the
road and the entrance, or else
the terrace and the out-build-
ings beyond and below this.

The upper floor of the Bis-

land house contains three family bedrooms, with large bath-
rooms, and bedrooms in the service quarters.

sp big is

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The family

John W. Ch Esq., at Bronxville, New York, presents an exterior at once dignified, inviting and homelike

bedrooms are particularly attractive by reason of their size
and the irregularity which the quaint planning of the house

makes possible to give them.
This house is especially in-
teresting as a modern type of
domestic architecture by rea-
son of its having been built
upon a somewhat difficult
site, and yet made thoroughly
charming without any conces-
sion to exigencies which have
curbed the free hand of the
architect in designing the
plans for the house.

The house of the Hon.
Timothy L. Woodruff, at
Garden City, Long Island, as
planned by Augustus N.
Allen, architect, New York,
presents the solution of an
entirely different suburban
problem, inasmuch as the
country at Garden City is al-

Plans of the house of the Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff, at Garden City most flat land. This house

is surrounded by grounds so ample that the place might
almost be called a country estate. In style the architecture

ats Sn a eS

The enclosed lower balcony porches of the Charlton house

is an adaptation of the Dutch Colonial and is particularly
suitable for a Long Island house, since here the Dutch in-
fluence was very strong in the early days of New York’s

history, and even to this day some of the
most interesting of the original old
Dutch homesteads and farmhouses are
to be found remaining. ‘The gambrel
roof of the Woodruff house is the chief
feature of what has come to be known
as the Dutch Colonial style. It is inter-
esting to note that it is wholly unknown
in Holland, and it is thought that the
thrifty Dutch in Colonial America in-
vented it in order that they might have
a house of one story and a half still
containing space almost equivalent to
two full stories, thus avoiding the tax
levied in those days upon all two-story
buildings. In the Woodruff house the
roof is so high in pitch that two floors
are made possible within the gambrel,
and the necessary dormers have been
so treated that they do not interfere un-
duly with the horizontal lines which are
so essential to architecture of this
character in attaining right proportions.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Plans of the house of J. W. Charlton, Esq.

The roof comes down over a broad piazza, in which
respect it is precisely like the roofs of some of the old Dutch
houses not far away from its location, and the wings, which

A house of unusual dignity for its proportions, at Westfield, New Jersey

A corner of the well-planned dining-room, Charlton house

February,

1912

Lr Ae . >
Se) Se Pe FS WO a

are necessary, preserve the roof lines, that make the entire
exterior consistent and harmonious.
house carries out to a great extent the Dutch idea. A very

The planning of this

broad hall divides the floor area and
opens at one end upon the broad en-
trance piazza, and at the other upon an
equally broad terrace. A home of this
kind in the old days contained a few
very large rooms, rather than a great
many small ones, and here the rooms,
although sufficiently numerous, are very
large—living-room and dining-room be-
ing the full depth of the house. Here
the rooms open into each other by wide
openings, and from the dining-room one
may see across the hall into the broad
living-room, and then through other
Openings into a wide piazza flagged
with brick.

The planning of the upper stories is
quite as pleasing—large, spacious bed-
rooms, plenty of baths, and a large sit-
ting-room, and over all is still another
floor with ample quarters for servants.
No effort has been made to adhere to
the Dutch style of interior treatment,

but the woodwork has been carefully planned, ornament
sparingly used, and the simplicity of furnishings, together
with the unusual size of the rooms, produces the useful

End of the living TooH in the interesting house of C. C. Beard, Esq.

February,

1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 43

Fe country home of G. M. Pinney, Esq., at Donen Hills, New York

and dignified result which belongs to a country home of
this size.

The interesting house of John W. Charlton, Esq., Bronx-
ville, New York, planned by O. J. Gette, architect, is an
adaptation of a farmhouse motif and
suggests certain afhliations with what
is known as the Pennsylvania Dutch
style of architecture, particularly the
broad “hood” which is carried across
the windows of the lower floor, the
paneled wooden shutters and the dor-
mers, with their graceful arrange-
ment of window panes. The house
occupies a site in rugged, hilly coun-
try, where rocks and boulders are
often pushed up through the soil.
Such boulders are often covered with
Ivy or Creeping Phlox, but here a
very simple treatment proves inter-
esting and appropriate. The house
is placed against a background of fine
old trees and is of frame, excepting
part of the first story, which is of
stone. Perhaps the most interesting
single feature of the exterior is the
broad piazza with balcony above.
The treatment of this end of the house, with its tall white
columns and detail of balustrade, suggests a plantation house
of the Louisiana or Mississippi type. The floor plans are
very simple and direct—a broad entrance-hall, reception-

The effect obtained by Mbales oF a thatched roof lends a aecidea Pe a

DECOND: F-Lape: PLAN:

The floor plans of the house of Alfred Cluthe, Esq.

The Pinney house is one of the most attractive homes on Staten Island

room, living- and dining-rooms and kitchen below, and four
bedrooms and bath on the floor above, and the garret pro-
vides rooms for the maids. In this house, as in most su-
burban and country homes now being built, the architect has
provided an out-of-door living-room,
or veranda, entirely apart from the
porch which marks the entrance.
This adds greatly to the comfort and
convenience of the family as well as
of the arriving guest.

The house at Westfield, New Jer-
sey, here shown, suggests the New
England farmhouse type. Its pro-
portions are accurate, its lines severe
and, like its New England forbears,
its slight touches of decoration mark
the entrance to the house, which is
approached from the street by a
straight walk of brick, which is bor-
dered by a low hedge of box. No
frills or fads here—no gypsy kettles
filled with blooming geraniums! But
the hedges are closely clipped, the
lawn duly shorn, as befits the sur-
roundings of a house of this fascinat-
ing type. The Beard house, A. L. C.
Marsh, architect, New York, is of the kind which might or
might not be surrounded by ample grounds. It does not re-
quire them, and would be exceedingly pleasing had it just
sufficient space for the trees and the amount of shrubbery

£22444 2422228808
(400800800 480808
i Et

SS) x ot

oF a ai

~SeRRECEE

S eRe SSRs
the SHsice a Alfred Cluthe,

ee at Glen Ridge, New Jersey

44 AMERICAN HOMES

Front of the interesting stucco house of Mrs. Valentine, at Bay Ridge,
New York

necessary to create what might be called a “‘setting.” For
this reason it should be carefully studied by the homemaker
who has not a great deal of space to build upon.

Upon the high ground of Staten Island, G. M. Pinney,
Esq., has built a charming home, planned by Kirby & Petit,
architects, New York, who must have
drawn their inspiration from certain old
houses built by the early Dutch or Eng-

lish settlers near Hempstead, Long Is-
land. ‘These old homes are models of
austerity and severe dignity, but in the
Pinney house all of this austere dignity
seems to have been preserved, with the
addition of just enough decoration to re-
lieve its uncompromising exterior. The
designing has been carefully done, and
with such fidelity to tradition that it
pleases without one discordant note.
The house is of frame, with well-studied
fenestration and well-planned porches
and chimneys. One can hardly imagine
a house of this type being provided with
an ample array of porches and verandas
without considerable violence being done

AND GARDENS

February, 1912

The Valentine house is one of the most successful houses of its type on

Long Island

between the Atlantic Ocean and New York Bay, and in many
places affords broad sweeping views across hills and plains
and bodies of water, and this beautiful house seems to have
been planned with special fitness to its location. There is
not a direction toward which its verandas do not afford a view.

The modern English type of suburban
house is almost sure to be successful if
handled with reasonable restraint. The
home of Alfred Cluthe, Esq., at Glen
Ridge, New Jersey, is very interesting,
and there is scarcely a part of the country
in which such a house would not be suit-
able. ‘he Cluthe house, D. S. Van Ant-
werp, architect, Montclair, New Jersey,
is long and narrow, placed lengthwise
with the street, which makes it appear to
the greatest advantage. The walls are
of stucco, and the roofs are of shingles
so applied that they present much the ap-
pearance of thatch. Two wings, one
containing the kitchen and one a screened
piazza, are so planned that they extend
the main building and balance the com-
position. ‘The trellises at each side and

to tradition, but here the arrangement is

over the windows of the main floor agree

so good that it is happy indeed. ‘The
floor plans of the Pinney house fulfil
every promise made by the broad simple
expression of the outside. Like the old farmhouses from
which it has been adapted, it is divided by a wide hall with
an entrance at either end. The main floor is divided into
reception-room, library, dining-room, and the usual service
quarters, and the upper floor contains four large bedrooms
with two baths, and two bed-
rooms and a bath for the
maids. One small point of ig
excellence in design should be ™*
especially noted. This house
is so well provided with an
unusual amount of porch and
veranda space that to add to
the wing another porch for
the servants would be to
overload the building with
verandas. The place by
which the little piazza for
the servants is modestly
screened and covered by the
upper story is so charming
that it should be emphasized
here. Staten Island is placed

btm $asfv

PLAN FIRST FLOOR

Floor plans of the Valentine house

The brick house of Harry H. Gifford, Esq., at Summit, New Jersey

completely with the character of the
building, and the ‘‘curves”’ in the cornice
line offer just the variety required to
avoid being monotonous. This house would be beautiful
anywhere, and it represents a type which should be more
widely employed in suburban building.

The house of Mrs. Valentine, designed by Messrs. Slee
and Bryson, architects, Brooklyn, New York, with its stucco
walls, tiled roofs and arched
entrance portico, may have
been inspired by a study of
some of the old California
missions. The house is very
interesting and would be al-
most as appropriate any-
where else as at Bay Ridge,
Long Island, where it is
located. The use of stucco
provides a wall of sufficient
texture to avoid being dull in
large spaces. A stucco of
rough gray or yellow is par-
ticularly successful with white
painted woodwork, green
blinds or shutters, and red

(Continued on page 72)

February, 1912

* TOMMASO MS MON THe meget SMe NS TTS NAN Os To TAT OT

A superb Renaissance tapestry, ‘“Vertumnus and Pomona,”

about fourteen by twenty feet in size, in the Spanish Royal Collection at Madrid

ANIERIGAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4S

Real Tapestries

What They Are, and Something About Buying Them

By George Leland Hunter
Photographs by T. C. Turner

—a|APESTRY is a broad word. It ranges all
the way from ten cents a roll for verdure
papers to tenthousand dollars a yard for the
marvelous pictures woven on the high-warp
looms of the Fifteenth and the Sixteenth
Century. In between the wall papers and the
arras come numerous printed, painted and loom-figured
textiles that, on account of their resemblance to real tapestry
—often remote—have acquired the same name. Conse-
quently it is not strange that confusion exists in the minds
of many as to what real tapestry actually is, especially as
dictionaries and encyclopedias almost without exception de-
fine the word incorrectly or incompletely, while its trade
meaning varies according to the shop in which it is found.

Several years ago the writer was invited by an intending
purchaser to visit an antique shop to pass on the genuine-
ness of what purported to be a Seventeenth Century Gobelin
tapestry, declared to be worth $10,000. While the dealer
disclaimed all expert knowledge of tapestries and was not
ready to guarantee the attribution, the eagerness with which
he pointed to the woven signature, Ch. Le Brun Pinxit, and
the willingness with which he introduced references to per-
sons and books likely to spur on the hesitating purchaser,
showed that he was either extraordinarily ingenuous—which
antique dealers seldom are—or was trying to perpetrate a
gross fraud without technically violating the law. The
dealer was indignant and threatened violence when the
writer stated that the tapestry was machine-made and worth

about twenty-five dollars. The purchaser covered our re-
treat, incidentally expressing his opinion of the dealer. Re-
cently I related the anecdote to the manager of a house that
imports many of these Jacquard tapestry panels, expecting
him to be as surprised at the customers ignorance and the
dealer’s dishonesty as myself. Imagine my amazement when
he retorted: ‘““Wha’d yer wan’der butt in on der man’s busi-
ness fur? He had a ridt to get what he could. Lodts of
the tealers magke good money on dese dapestries.”” He then
went on to express an unflattering opinion of writers who
give illustrations and prices that tend to make the public
less gullible. Indignant at his attitude, and enlightened by
it, I have since made it a point to investigate the methods
of distribution of these tapestry panels, and have discovered
that a large proportion of them are sold to persons who do
not understand what they are buying, at prices that are ex-
tortionate. They are an important source of revenue to the
cheap and tawdry auctioneers of bric-a-brac and what are
called “‘art”’ objects for the home. And, as instanced above,
they are a treasure trove to the dealer in bogus “‘antiques”’
and second-hand furniture.

Only in a few of the large establishments is it possible
to purchase these Jacquard tapestry panels at a fair price,
from a stock that is large enough to give reasonable choice
of designs and sizes. Even there, few or none of the sales-
men have ever seen a real Gobelin or learned to understand
the difference between real tapestry and imitation. So the
writer is confident that those behind the counters, as well as

46 AMERICAN HOMES AND

‘ oy.
gO =
ONS.

This Gothic tapestry, and the ones shown at the bottom of this and of the facing page, were originally woven for bed hangings.

GARDENS

February, 1912

Se *

» only fp” Pe eA LY:

They are in

the Spanish Royal Collection and measure about thirty inches by eleven feet

those in front of them, will appreciate the attempt here
made to present the points of difference, with illustrations
that effectively supplement the printed story.

First, as to what constitutes real tapestry. ‘There have
been many poetic descriptions glorifying it with the iri-
descent beauties of the rainbow, and the rich tones of sun-
rise and sunset; but such descriptions are of little help in
deciding whether a particular textile is or is not a real
tapestry. Only a definition based on weave can do that. It
is the weave that makes the difference.

A real tapestry is a fabric in plain weave with warp en-
tirely concealed by the weft, which is of uniform thickness,
and is exactly alike on both sides, except
for the loose threads on the back that
mark the passage of bobbins from block
to block of the same color. With some
exceptions, it is also a rep fabric—that
is to say, it has a ribbed surface—and in
weaving open slits are left where two
colors meet parallel with the warp.

This sounds harder than it really is.
If the fabric is ribbed with from seven
to twenty-four ribs to the inch, is of
uniform thickness and exactly alike on
both sides, with the characteristic open
slits, then it is a real tapestry. If the
threads that float loose on the back are
parallel instead of zigzag, then the fab-
ric is not a real tapestry, but a broché
tapestry, with body that is thicker where
figured. The loose threads on the back
are not a necessary criterion, for they
can easily be clipped close, leaving the
back exactly as if it were the face show-
ing through. ‘This is sometimes done
to ancient tapestries, which are then
mounted back side out, like two of the
famous pieces of the “Seven Sacra-
ments”’ series of the Fifteenth Century
tapestries in the Metropolitan Museum,
New York, in order to show the colors,
that have faded less on the protected
back than on the long-exposed face side.

Between furniture-tapestries and wall-tapestries there are
a number of usual but not vital distinctions. The latter are
comparatively large, with coarse horizontal ribs, and tell a
story. The former are comparatively small, with fine ribs,

A Gothic tapestry,

“Starting for the Hunt,”
four by nine and a half feet, in the famous
Hoentschel Collection now owned by Mr. J.
Pierpont Morgan and exhibited in the Metro-
politan Museum of Art, New York

either vertical or horizontal, and with designs that are pri-
marily decorative. Of wall-tapestries, wool is the basic
material, with gold and silver to add richness and silk to
increase high lights. Of French furniture-tapestries silk is
the favorite material, with wool to serve as background
and to supply the low tones.

The first step in learning how to buy real tapestries is to
learn where to buy them. It is foolish to seek fine china
in a five-cent store, and it is equally foolish to look
for important tapestries in ordinary shops. ‘Tapestries
are in a class by themselves, and even the furniture cover-
ings are rather above the heads of general dealers,
who are less able than a few archi-
tects and decorators and connoisseurs to
see the superiority of an Aubusson set—
five pieces, covering sofa, two armchairs
and two side-chairs—at $1,400, over a
Belleville set at $950, or a Nimes set at
$700. Most of the business in real tap-
estries—furniture coverings, as well as
the vastly more important wall hang-
ings—is done through auction- rooms
and decorative shops—not the average
auction-room, and not the average deco-
rative shop—yust a few that, on account
of their high reputation for straight-
forwardness and quality, have as regu-
lar clients persons who can appreciate
good things of the sort. Among im-
portant tapestries sold at auction in
New York city during the last few years
were those belonging to Henry G. Mar-
quand, Stanford White, Charles T.
Yerkes, James A. Garland, and Henry
W. Poor. One of these, sold at the
Yerkes sale, a Gobelin on the subject of
“Vulcan and Venus,” designed by Bou-
cher and woven by Andran, brought
$17,700. For three or four days be-
fore such sales begin opportunity is
given to examine the tapestries at one’s
leisure, and the catalogues supplied are
not intentionally inaccurate. But they are
seldom as complete as they should be. Perhaps that is why
the tendency is for imperfect and damaged and artistically
inferior tapestries to sell for more than they are worth,
while the superior examples sometimes sell for less than

February, 1912

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS 47

These two illustrations show the front and the back of an Aubusson chair back, woven in silk and wool. Note the irregularity of the floating
threads, which if removed would disclose the same design, reversed, that appears on the right side of this tapestry. A genuine example of this
sort with back to match would cost $400

they are worth. Out of twenty large tapestries the writer
recently examined in an auction-room, seventeen had never
been especially good, while the other three were so
badly repaired as hardly to merit house room. Herein lies
a lesson that the amateur of tapestries should take to heart.
Mere age counts for little. The value of an inferior work
of art does not increase as the generations pass, although
the price paid by ignoramuses sometimes does. It is the
tapestry, or rug, or chair, or table, that artistically excels
which multiplies in value more rapidly than the interest on
money, and at last is enshrined in the palace of a collector, in
the museum of a great city or nation.

The only museum in the United States that contains a
collection of fine tapestries to an extent worth considering
is the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Com-
pared with the forty splendid pieces now displayed on its
walls, the collections of the Boston and Chicago art mu-
seums—as well as of the Metropolitan Museum itself five
years ago—are insignificant. The collection of books on
tapestry in the library of the Metropolitan Museum is also
large and important.

The prize tapestry in the Metropolitan collection is one
in the Gothic style, lent by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan and
called the Mazarin tapestry, because tradition says that it
once belonged to the famous French Cardinal who chast-
ened the youthful haughtiness of Louis XIV. The subject
of this tapestry, which is partitioned after the fashion of
a three-fold screen, with Gothic columns between the leaves,
is “Christ Proclaiming the New Dispensation.” The Christ
is seated on a throne in the upper part of the middle panel,
with angels on each side of Him, one bearing a long branch
with lilies, symbolic of the Church; the other a sword, sym-
bolic of the State. Below are two groups of worshippers,

the Church group headed by the Pope and the State group
by the Emperor. A figure representing the Synagogue of
the Old Dispensation appears on the right, blinded, with
broken sceptre and shattered tablets of the Mosaic law,
while the State of the New Dispensation is represented by
the Persian King Ahasuerus (Xerxes) and Esther. A
figure representing the Holy Catholic Church of the New
Dispensation appears on the left with crozier and chalice,
while the State of the New Dispensation is represented by
Emperor Augustus, to whom the Tiburtine Sibyl announces
the coming of the Messiah. Technically, this is one of the
most wonderful, perhaps the most wonderful, tapestry ever
woven. Certainly the flesh tones of faces and hands and
of the tiny nude figures of Adam and Eve, and the silver
tones of hair and beards, and the gold and jewels of the
costumes are marvelously expressed.

Almost in the same class as regards excellence of weave
are two Renaissance tapestries illustrating the ‘Story of
Herse,” lent by Mr. George Blumenthal. They were woven
in Brussels by Willem van Pannemaker, whose woven sig-
nature, together with the Brussels monogram, appears in
the border. The borders are rich with gold in basket weave,
and the one of the two tapestries that show the ‘“‘Bridal
Chamber of Herse” is almost equal to the great Gothic
tapestries as regards the suitability of the design for inter-
pretation on the loom. ‘Tapestries like these, however, are
beyond the reach, even at present prices, of all but the
greatest collectors, and therefore the writer would call at-
tention to other tapestries, excellent duplicates of which can
be bought or reproduced at prices that make them available
more generally for adorning the home. At this point I
should like to remark that the nouveau riche dog-in-the-
manger spirit which locks up many famous paintings in

48 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A ‘‘double-cloth” tapestry chair back. ‘The tex-
ture is most interesting and pleasing

private galleries, without affording the
public an opportunity to see them, is mani-
fested to a much less extent by those
Americans whose good fortune it is to
possess fine tapestries. Perhaps they are
influenced by the example of Leo X, who
left with the weaver, Pieter van Aelst, in
Brussels, the cartoons of the tapestries designed for him by
Raphael, with the result that duplicate sets were woven for
all who had the taste to select and the money to pay. It is
important for the revival of the art of tapestry weaving that
every opportunity should be afforded by owners of Gothic
tapestries to those who wish to copy them on the loom, and
the writer is glad to note the tendency of American collectors
who’ possess historic ex-. ao oS te Eas

An old Flemish verdure tapestry. About
four by six feet in size

This shows the back of a tapestry seat that is not
a real tapestry in weave, but a broché

lord and a lady half hidden in the foliage.
Other figures on the left. In the fore-
ground there are dogs. A tapestry like
this is a thing of beauty and a joy forever,
and deserves reproduction not only for
the training in technique it would give the
weaver of to-day, but also, and especially,
for its intrinsic merit. It is worth a multitude of ‘‘counter-
feit arrases,” which is what they called painted imitations of
tapestry in the Fifteenth Century, real arras being, of course,
real tapestries, called arras from the now French, but then
Flemish, city of Arras, that was long the center of produc-
tion of high-warp picture tapestries. ;
The oldest, and on the whole the most interesting, tap-

amples to be very substan-
tially generous in this respect.

Among the Gothic tap-
estries at the Metropolitan
Museum especially suited for
reproduction to-day are two,
for instance, from the famous
Hoentschel collection, lent to
the museum by Mr. J. Pier-
pont Morgan. One of these,
that pictures “Jesus Among
the Doctors” and the ‘‘Mar-
flascwatscana, is § beet 3
inches high and 12 feet 6
inches long. It is the ‘“‘Mar-
riage at Cana”’ that I suggest
as affording the best oppor-
tunity for the modern weaver
to attempt to emulate his
Fifteenth Century forbears.
The composition of this scene
is most interesting. ‘The col-
oring of the tapestry is extremely simple, and the weave is
masterful without being intricate. In copying a tapestry like
this a weaver would learn more than most weavers now
know. ‘This dates from the age when tapestries were still
line drawings, with long slender vertical hatchings (spires
of color) that combined with the cross-ribbed weave to pro-
duce the most interesting and unique texture that the world
has even known.

Also interesting for the purpose of modern reproduction
would be the Gothic “‘Departure for the Hunt,” likewise lent
to the museum from the Hoentschel collection. It is ro feet
high by 3 feet 11 inches wide, and pictures a forset of oaks
with floriated ground. A page and three valets lead the
way. Two of the valets carry hooded falcons. On the
right a white horse, above whose head appear the busts of a

One of the scenes,

“The Marriage at Can
in the Hoentschel collection, belonging to Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, and
exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

estries at the Metropolitan
Museum are the five frag-
ments containing seven scenes
from an early Fifteenth Cen-
tury tapestry, originally con-
taining fourteen scenes, illus-
trating the Seven Sacraments
in their origin and also as
celebrated contemporaneous-
ly. These tapestries, also
from the Morgan collection,
were correctly named and de-
scribed for the first time in my
article in the Burlington Mag-
azine of December, 1907.
Though much repaired, they
are splendid examples of
technical perfection in tap-
estry weaving, and point out
the path that weavers should
follow in attempting to re-
vive the glories of the past.

A large proportion of the
real tapestries that one finds in the shops are from Aubus-
son looms, and whether antique or modern, they are usually
in the style of the Eighteenth Century—rustic and pastoral
scenes with verdure or landscape backgrounds, and with
narrow verdure or woven-frame borders. One reason
for their popularity is their size, which is comparatively
small and adapted for display on the walls of houses
as they are built to-day. Another reason is that the
styles of Louis XV and of Louis XVI, as ex-
pressed in tapestry, harmonize with most modern English
as well as French interiors—Louis XV being preferable with
Chippendale chairs and Baroque or Rococo backgrounds;
Louis XVI with Hepplewhite and Sheraton and Adam de-
signs. A third reason is the price, which is less, because

(Continued on page 67)

a,’ from a Gothic tapestry

February, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 49

“Making The Corer Attractive

q]| HERE are many ways of making the corner

of a room attractive. The illustrations here

given suggest a few of them. Of course,

one never wishes to spoil the symmetry of a

well-planned room by any ‘‘afterthought”’

that mere ingenuity and not good taste sug-
gests. Therefore, we can hardly expect to go about our
rooms cutting off corners simply for the sake of adding to
them some architectural feature, such as a fireplace, a china
closet, or a bookshelf. Nevertheless, there are many times
when the utilization of corner space would prove a means of
enhancing the beauty of the room, bearing which in mind
the examples of corner treatment here shown have been
selected as representative of what one may accomplish in
this respect. There is, for instance, something particularly
attractive about the corner fireplace. The cosiness of the
sort of seclusion one has a sense of, in being within the space
formed by the walls at right angles is, in itself, enough to
encourage one to place a fireplace in such a manner as to make
it pattern after the proverbial chimney corner. Of course the
placing of a fireplace in a room of extended proportions is
hardly advisable, since the corner fireplace usually best adapts
itself to the small room. In connection with the dining-room
corners one naturally thinks of a china-closet designed after
the Colonial fashion in such matters as being particularly ap-
propriate, but here the problem of filling the corner is almost
the reverse of the fireplace rule, for corner china-closets appear
best from an architect’s and from a decorator’s view when
placed in a large room instead of in a small one. Well placed
bookshelves, especially built in ones, likewise lend themselves
to making a corner attractive, as one of the illustrations
here reproduced will suggest to the modern homemaker.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

style

An Architects Own House

By Rutherford M. Nesbit
Photographs by T. C. Turner

FE, find many architects to-day whose own
houses are marked by their personal style,
imposed by
them distinc-

unhampered by restrictions

clients, and this serves to make
tive. They may be Colonial,
English, or Italian in character,
but whatever they are in style, they express the
individuality of the designer as perhaps few
other sorts of houses do. Although the first
question the home-builder planning for a new
house appears to be in the habit of asking him-
self is, “What style of house shall I have?” it
would be far more wise for him to let the
character of the site whereon he plans to build
suggest the style, or, if he is determined upon
a style, to select a site that will fit it.

The romantic quality of the splendid and
stately Florentine villas, standing as they do
among hills, suggests at once the type best
adapted for the hillside country house here
illustrated. There is no doubt that Mr. J. H.
Phillips was influenced by the impressions he
received while studying Italian domestic archi-
tecture in the Tuscan countryside around
Florence, Italy, where one finds some of the
loveliest villas in the world, when he designed

An excellent window detail

the charming studio house here illustrated, which he de-
signed and built for himself at Mohegan Heights, Yonkers,
New York. ‘The house is set upon a hill slope, terraced on
three sides, the upper garden terrace being practically built
at the level of the main living-room floor, which
looks out upon the front of the premises,
marked by an avenue of Locust trees. The
house is not large, being only twenty-six by
forty-eight feet, and it is placed some thirty
feet back from the tree line.

As one approaches from the avenue, over
the brick steps and walk, the simple and
charming design of the main front is most
impressive. This front has indeed a Flor-
entine quality, while the corniced loggias at
the ends, with their heavy. consols _be-
neath the sills, are set far apart in true
Tuscan fashion. ‘The Palladian window of
the two-storied living-room, designed in con-
nection with the entrance, and the curved
balcony forms a detail of great beauty in
design.

It is evident that the owner-architect of this
house took genuine delight in carrying out the
detail of this entrance, which is perhaps the
most distinctive note in the architecture of

February, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES

CE RS 1 73

AND GARDENS 51

4
& a . a“

é Rectan es i Bs pe Seah Se CA

nd oe

This ee of the hous

e of John H. Phillips, Esq., in the Italian style, shows the terrace entrance above the high basement floor

the house. The cartouch above the arch was modeled by country home depend very largely upon the magic appeal
Mr. Phillips himself directly on the stucco wall, with the of a well-planned garden, and especially true is this of a
aid of one of the Italian plasterers engaged upon the build- house of the villa type. It is interesting to note, in connec-
ing. There is a ledge tion with the garden
at the band course plans of this house,
just above this car- the decorative quality
touch, on which is in- in the stone walls and.
tended to rest gaily brick steps, and also
blooming flower-pots. of the brick coping
The large wall sur- between the _ stone
faces, of a warm col- masonry and the
ored buff stucco, white stucco walls of the
trim and the faded l | ——_ dwelling. This line
tone of the bluish- 7 carries around and
green blinds, with the warm vee forms the cap of the stone
tile color of the roof, give a ee & SO oO piers at the sides of the steps
very decorative effect, and it VEGETABLE GARDEN that carry the path up to the
is also worth noting in the formal garden of the upper
color effects that the soffit of terrace. This path leads di-
the cornice was given an old- rectly to the sundial and a
blue stain between the white garden seat beyond.
painted rafter ends. A glance at the floor plans
The gardens, which at the will reveal a very delightful
present time are but partially scheme of planning, and one
planted or developed, show particularly adapted for the
that they bear an intimate re- home of an artist or of a
lationship to the house, and it musician. ‘The entrance re-
is probably the owner’s idea ception-room on the lower
to spend his hours of recrea- level has a large fireplace of

tion here working out his Ground and floor plata of the house of John H. Phillips, Esq. The cement and brick directly op-

problems; for, after all, the basement plans, showing the reception-room on the lower level, are POSItE the entrance doorway.
charm and success of the not given here The vari-colored brick and

—

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

—

ie. , Fi oo é,

The dining-room is one of the most beautiful rooms in the Phillips house, charming in the elegance of its simplicity, and yet thoroughly homelike

cement floor is so designed as to suggest an Oriental rug
effect. The main stairs leading to the living-room floor
winds around the chimney, and the dominating feature of
the plan is the spaciousness and privacy of the living-room
floor, which is gained by the entrance stairs coming up from
the reception-room below, while it does not cut the main
floor plan into two parts, as in the typical Colonial house.
To live in a house with a large central living-room running

One of the well-designed chimneys in the Phillips house

up through two floors with a balcony, gives an effect of
spaciousness and freedom commensurate with life in the
country. In this house the same freedom is carried through
the whole house, lending to the enjoyment of its occupancy.

The living-room has a loggia at each end, with double-
hinged casements, and when thrown open the entire southern
front of the house can be made into one large room, forty-
eight feet long. The west loggia opens directly into the
formal garden. It also has a door leading through a
pantry into the kitchen, making a delightful room in which
to serve breakfast or afternoon tea. The loggias, glassed-in
in winter (as they are heated), make fine conservatories.
When one considers the value of the loggia in the framing
of the picture of the landscape and in enhancing vistas, it
is not surprising that Mr. Phillips has chosen it in the place
of the customary porch.

The living-room fireplace is most interesting, with the
balcony above, and the seats at the ends of the recess form
an inglenook which gives a home-like air to the room,
which might otherwise be rather formal because of its lofty
ceiling and decorative arched window. ‘The work on the
mantelpiece was executed by the owner by designing the
ornament on the fresh cement, and then cutting away with a
sharp tool before the material had set. The ceilings of the
living-room and the dining-room enjoy a medieval effect
not unlike those of the simple old Hollandish interiors, a re-
sult which was obtained by staining the structural beams a dark
brown and plastering in between. The plaster walls were

February, 1912

left in the natural color, and rather rough, which give a rich-
ness in tone to the room. The trim of the living-room is
cypress treated with a coat of white lead and oil and finished
with a very thin coat of dull-finish enamel, which was put on
thin enough to allow the graining of the wood to show.
The accompanying illustration shows a dining-room of
unusual charm and beauty. The color scheme employed
there is brown—a brown of soft red shades—and there is
considerable variety in the unique design of the mantel, with
its brick of tapestry texture. A tapestry hangs on the wall.
On the latter the painting of an Italian Madonna is placed,
while heavily ribbed curtains of old-blue silk, with tapestry
borders at the high bay-window, which extends almost to the
ceiling beams, and the antique furniture complete the deco-
rative scheme. Casement doors open into the east loggia,
which attord charming views of the old apple orchard across
the way and down a road overlooking the picturesque valley.
The kitchen occupies the same relative position as the
dining-room at the other end of the house, with the butler’s
pantry between. The servants’ quarters, which is separated
from the other floors of the house, is directly above the

kitchen on the mezzanine floor—the same level as the

balcony. From the balcony the stairs continue up behind
the chimney to a landing in front of the studio door, which
is four steps lower than the main bedroom floor. It is a real
working studio, with a large north window, a brick fireplace
and the ceiling running up to the underside of the roof
rafters. At the southeast corner casement doors open into
the sleeping-porch, from which a delightful view is obtained
of the beautiful hillside country. From the stairhall, ad-
joining the studio, an open flight of stairs leads to the attic,

call

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 53

A view of the spacious living-room in the Phillips house

which opens on the roof-garden at the rear of the house. A
dumbwaiter adjoining the chimney connects with the butler’s
pantry to doors at the studio entrance and on the roof-
garden.

The reader will find by a close study of the accompanying
plans and photographs that they have the merit of a per-
sonal style, which makes this house distinctive, and which
renders it thoroughly successful as an example of domestic
architecture well suited to its site. He will see that it carries

out the foregleam of an attractive interior arrangement,
which its outer proportions impose upon the expectant critic.

AT ea

RD Mi ie OR ae ae rn awl

The spacious two-storied living-room of this unusually interesting house is one of its most beautiful features and well worth study and emulation

Pe AMERICAN HONE

- a = ¢ 5 ws ree 3 ‘
a AN - 5 4 i. y
k i st . : wit Rg

SHE F

maker gives |
| matter when pl
_ a good architec
| the doors are vf

especial definit
the ones for wh
will lend an en)
architect’s worl
pause in admi
houses, both ir
vived a hundr
stopping to re
days the care t:
ing lumber and
| to ita permane
| ation for all th
_ However, reme
_ type of door th
_ years ago put 17

houses, we may

on the excellen:

manship emplo

stantial doors t

should study 1

styles of doors

ES AND GARDENS 55

Pigs CNS

- Senate > niin tea asin eRARi
: ; K “ aoe est Aa po

HERE is no part of the
ybuse with which the
}veller comes more inti-
ately in contact than its
ors. And yet how often
happens that the home-
- or no thought to this |
fuing to build. Of course, |
ill take care to see that |
|

designed, and yet some
qiterest upon the part of
¥ the house is being built
siasm to this part of the |
gel) worth the while. We
gon before the doors of
#2 and out, that have sur-
qyears of vicissitude, not
42, perhaps, that in early
n in the matter of select-
building the door gave
that awakens our admir-
Wcraftsmen of yesterday.
ering the commonplace
q-er builder of twenty-five
even the most expensive
‘ll congratulate ourselves
f the material and work-
q in the making of sub-
way. The homebuilder
matter of the various
d of all their materials.

jm <

— 4

WLAN PAE LATO LS SANA PDE EAE AST OF
ree eecennnr rman annem. sano an nei |

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS $5

HERE is no part of the
house with which the
dweller comes more inti-
nately in contact than its
doors. And yet how often |
happens that the home |

maker gives little or no thought to this
matter when planning to build. Of course,
a good architect will take care to see that |
the doors are well designed, and yet some
especial definite interest upon the part of
the ones for whom the house is being built
will lend an enthusiasm to this part of the |)
architect’s work well worth the while. We
pause in admiration before the doors of |
houses, both inside and out, that have sur- |
vived a hundred years of vicissitude, not ||
stopping to realize, perhaps, that in early
days the care taken in the matter of select-
ing lumber and of building the door gave
| toita permanency that awakens our admir-
|| ation for all the craftsmen of yesterday.
However, remembering the commonplace
type of door the later builder of twenty-five
years ago put into even the most expensive
houses, we may well congratulate ourselves
on the excellence of the material and work-
manship employed in the making of sub-
stantial doors to-day. The homebuilder
should study the matter of the various |
styles of doors and of all their materials. |

56 AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

This piano, the panels of which were painted by Mr. Everett Shinn, has been well placed, both from the point of view of lighting and acoustics

Pianos in Relation to [heir Surroundings

By Mira Edson

HE placing of a piano satisfactorily is not
always an entirely simple matter. Whether
one is considering the square or the upright,
care is needed to select the place in the room
which is best suited to it, and with which one
can be entirely content afterwards. For this

one must consider the comfort and convenience of the per-

son who uses the piano, and also the relation of the piano
itself to other articles of furniture which the room contains.

The modern interest in household art has made us all sus-

ceptible to arrangement and shown clearly the importance of

achieving harmony in matters of form and color.

While the placing of a piano in respect to its surroundings
is important, it is even more important that the comfort of
the performer be considered, and that the music itself shall
have opportunity for the best possible effect. It should not
be placed in a recess which would interfere with the sound.
It should stand at the end of an apartment rather than at the
side. Generally, it is well placed across a corner, and should
not be too flatly against a wall. If possible, it is desirable
that it be near a window, so that there may be a good light
upon the score for day use, enabling one to read very easily.

The articles which surround a piano can be made to help
its perfect relation to the rest of the furnishing. The richer
and darker things which are available for this purpose
generally offer the best opportunity for choice. A piece of
tapestry placed upon the wall near by is one of the best and
simplest ways of securing a good effect. The rich and heavy
suggestion which tapestry gives accords well with a piano,
each possessing a dignity of its own, while the colors of the
tapestry reflect themselves in the dark polished case, modi-
fying and lightening it. Richly colored rugs help, too, of
course, and portraits seem an appropriate accompaniment,
with their hint of leisure and of that luxury of taste which
can revel in abundance without falling into the ornate. The
piano which is most graceful in form is, of course, the
grand, with its sweeping lines. ‘These are fine in themselves,
and every chance should be given to aid the effect of the
curves. With the upright piano the problems are of quite
another sort, but can be well solved, as the illustrations show.

Placing articles upon the top of a piano is an expedient
sometimes employed to bring it into relation with other
parts of the room and take away a too great formality; and
its broad expanse is tempting for this purpose. There is

A well-placed grand piano that adds to the Benue of the oom

danger here, however, of overloading, and care should be
taken not to allow this. Some persons maintain that nothing
should be placed upon it, since the purpose of a piano is that
of music alone, and as articles interfere with the tone, they
interfere with its proper use. Others, not less alive to the
value of music, claim that a few wisely placed articles do
not in the least mar the music
nor affect the tone of the in-
strument.

The forms which a piano
may have are decided by the
necessities of the instrument
itself. The outer finish and
ornament, however, can be
modified to suit personal
taste, and in some instances
these have been quite
changed. The color of the
case may be, for example,
whatever one prefers, and
any kind or amount of deco-
ration can be added. Hardly
anything, one might think, is
too lovely for the adornment
of a piano. In some instances the case has been of light-
colored wood and was kept a light color. When this is so,
any bright and delicate colors in decoration show well upon
it. Even painting can be introduced in certain portions, gay
and yet sufficiently subdued to the ground tones. Generally
the subjects of such decorative paintings are those repre-
senting the light enjoyment of poetic romance, in which
some of the French painters have excelled. The figures,
here in bright draperies, laces, ribbons, move amidst a
smiling and always beneficent nature, where skies are always
of the bluest and flowers always in abundant blossom.

The illustrations show two pianos which have been thus
decorated. Both a grand piano and an upright are shown,
both ornamented by Mr. Everett Shinn—one to the order
of Clyde Fitch, the other for Robert McKee. The upright,
as can be seen in the picture, stands amidst articles of fur-
niture which have a weight and dignity, and these styles are
in keeping with its own rectangular lines. The paintings
which form the ornament are shown here in detail. Mr.
Shinn refers his inspiration for the designs to Boucher, and
with a hint from Watteau. They are original with himself,
however, hints merely being taken from the work of others.
The ornament upon this piano, it will be noticed, keeps for
the most part to the panellings, yet aiding the effect of the
whole. The body-color is a dull golden color, upon which
the varying tints of color in the panels play harmoniously.

Panels from an upright piano, painted by Mr. Everett Shinn

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS te)

The other piano illustrated is more ornamental as to its

own form and is richly carved and decorated, and to decora-
tion it lends itself most sympathetically. The case in this
instance is of white mahogany, upon which the colors appear
and melt in a delightful way. The lacquer which covers
the whole gives to it a golden tone, through which the colors
appear subdued yet bright. This warm and beautiful tone
greatly enhances the whole effect, which is both delicate and
rich in the extreme. The front view here shown gives de-
tails of the carving and shows also the garlands which form
an ornamental border across the front, broken only by a
small oblong panel containing a picture. Another view of
the same shows it with the top raised. In this we get an
idea of the work as a whole, since it allows us to see the
garlands, arabesques and other ornaments with which it is
profusely covered. In the medallions, which are of various
sizes, are paintings which are more or less free and detailed,
according to the space each allows. ‘This beautiful piano
was bought at the Clyde Fitch sale by Mr. Tomlinson.
' Sketches for another piano, decorated after the same gen-
eral manner, are to be seen in Mr. Shinn’s studio. These he
is preparing at his leisure and intends to use them upon a
piano for his own home. The body-color in this case is to
be anash-gray. To obtain this light color, we are informed,
the surface must first be treated in such a way as to remove
the varnish, since to obtain it without this it is necessary to
put in the order at the fac-
tory two years in advance.
The gray color may then be
put upon the natural wood,
and into this carried, in a
pleasing way and with much
charm as to color, the gay
and happy designs which are
planned for it. Birds of
bright plumage are to be an
important part of these de-
signs.

It is quite plain that when
any piece is highly individual-
ized, aS these pianos are,
there must needs be the more
care that they shall be placed
in surroundings which are
reasonably harmonious. If the destination of the piano is
known, this harmony can be secured in advance, the colors
and the style of ornament being selected in reference to the
desired place. The amount of decoration which is appro-
priate will be considered, and what is most suited can be
chosen. Even a slight decoration gives lightness and grace.

This piano forms a valuable feature to the room’s tasteful decoration

58 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Be aa

Bec 5 saline

With a little ara

se like this, almost anyone may grow Carnations, and make it both a delightful pastime and a

February, 1912

cae

esi

Carnation Growing for Everyone

By Mary W. Mount
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and others

ARNATION culture offers one of the most
interesting and remunerative occupations to
the amateur in floriculture. The plants
thrive best in a dry atmosphere, and require
less moisture than almost any other green-
house flowers. ‘The temperature in which
Carnations are grown is considered a healthful one to work
in, and the odor is stimulating and invigorating. ‘Then, too,
the worker is benefitted by sun baths through glass roofs
and the tonic properties of radium in the earth constantly
handled, making Carnation raising healthful as well as
delightful.

It is claimed that a temperature of 60° Fahr. should never
be exceeded in a Carnation house, and that 50° is the mini-
mum night and 70° the maximum day temperature that the
plants can stand without injury. Most growers endeavor
to preserve a temperature of from 54° to 55° at night, and
60° to 65° in the day time, using more heat on a cloudy day,
when the sun does not furnish all, and
sometimes more than the warmth re-
quired. To the necessity of having heat
evenly distributed in a greenhouse is
added that of securing light as nearly as
possible the same as that outdoors.
Changes in temperature have everything
to do with promoting or retarding the
development of a flower; with making a
long, strong calyx or a short, weak one,
that splits and lets the petals fall rag-
gedly as soon as the blossom unfolds. A
good calyx vastly enhances the market
value of a flower, and one must learn
how chill and sudden heat affect it. Two
main essentials in growing Carnations
are plenty of ventilation and careful
watering; they cannot endure moist
earth or poor drainage, and require less
‘water in Winter than in Summer.

With a little greenhouse, an amateur
may keep his first year’s expense below

The lovely Carnation known as the Jessica

$100, or if he spends $7 to $14 for completely sashed
coldframes, covering 3 by 12 to 24 feet, he should be
able to raise enough Carnations in one season to defray the
cost of establishing a small greenhouse the next. At least
a thousand plants may be contained in a house 50x18 feet,
the yield from which is ten to seventy-five blossoms to each
plant in the season, lasting from October until June. Twenty-
five to thirty blossoms on terminal stems is expected from a
properly cared-for plant, while the modest output of ten
blooms to a plant will yield the owner of a thousand plants
ten thousand Carnations. According to size, variety and
color, these bring from $1 to $5 per hundred wholesale, and
$1 to $15 a dozen retail, from which may have to be de-
ducted the commission man’s fifteen per cent. Nearness to
market enables a grower to take advantage of high prices,
make two or three trips a day to market, and obtain from
any city all the manure wanted for cultivating purposes at
merely the cost of hauling. Flowers must be shipped with
regularity to retail customers, and should
be shipped in quantities to save expenses.
A box larger than a trunk, and contain-
ing 120 dozen blossoms, can be shipped
from states adjacent to New York to
that city for forty cents, and shippers
find that flowers remain fresh for days
if placed in a cool cellar for twenty-four
hours before shipping, with their stems
plunged deep in clear water. When se-
lecting a place convenient to market, the
grower must consider whether the soil of
that locality is a sandy loam, in which
Carnations thrive best, and, if economy
is necessary, whether the site offers a
spot protected from north winds, where
less fuel will be required for heating pur-
poses and an even temperature may be
more easily maintained. Out of doors
the plants will bloom from August until
the infliction of the first hard frost, if
they are protected from heavy winds.

most profitable occupation

ail

February, 1912

Twelve varieties of good Carnation seed may be pur-
chased from any reliable seedsman for $1, twenty-five for
$1.75, and fifty for $3. Seed may be planted from Febru-
ary to May in a mixture of loam, sand and leaf mold. They
are set a quarter of an inch apart and covered to a depth of
an eighth of an inch to insure regular germination. Carna-
tions show so strong a tendency to sport that it is considered
more prudent to begin with plants ready for benching in
Autumn. Cutting may be propagated from September to
the end of May. They should be taken from the flowering
stem of a healty, vigorous plant, and should be broken off
at a length of about three inches and placed in a shallow
box full of sand. They like a firm-rooting medium, and this
sand, as well as the field soil later, must be trampled or
pounded before and after planting. Growers set cuttings
about half an inch apart, with about two inches between
the rows, shade from strong light until the roots start, and
sprinkle the sand enough to moisten it.

Cuttings spend one month in sand, one in two-inch pots,
till these are filled with roots; one in three-inch or larger
pots, and then the plants are placed in four-inch pots, or
boxes four inches deep, where they are set from nine to
twelve inches apart and supported by a lattice of string or
wire over the bench, about midway of the plants, where
foliage conceals the supports. Leaving plants too long in a
small pot or placing them too soon in a large one is apt to
interfere with their development, and nothing helps a plant
that has been placed in an unsoaked new or unwashed old
pot. While in the two-inch pots, baby plants must be given
light soil, careful watering, have tall tops pinched off to
make them sturdier and multiply flowering stems, and all
buds pulled off to conserve strength for Winter blooming.

The value of propagating Carnations by layers consists in
the rapidity and certainty with which varieties can be in-
creased without weakening the resulting plants, because the
connection with the parent is not severed until the scion
has roots of its own, able to provide for its wants. In this

process, the novice must not cut the shoot quite through, but
about half way; then, turning the knife upwards, he splits

The “Mrs. Ward’’ Carnation is one of the most satisfactory varieties

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS $9

The “Pink Delight’? Carnation has proved very popular with amateurs

the stalk for a distance of half to three quarters of an inch.
A longer split would ruin the process. The “‘tongue’’ thus
formed is gently bent outward away from the stem, inserted
its full length in propagating soil, and held in place with a
bent or forked twing. Soft, short shoots are best to work
on and produce roots more quickly. For layering, a mixture
of leaf-mold and sand makes excellent soil. Efficient drain-
age is secured to Carnations by a flat piece of potsherd laid
over the hole for drainage, with broken shard, brick or
small clinkers laid over that to a depth of half an inch to
an inch. ‘The bottoms of boxes or benches are covered in
the same manner to a depth of three quarters of an inch.
The best soil for benched plants consists of fibrous loam
mixed with leaf-mold in the proportion of a third, and sand
forming one sixth of the quantity. This, or any other com-
post, must be mixed and “‘ripened” out of doors for a year
before it is put in the house benches. The stem of a plant
must not be lowered in transplanting, and the soil must be
pressed well around the roots. By the end of April, Carna-
tions are established in their bench quarters or set in the
open field, from nine to eighteen inches apart, where all the
care they need is cultivation, water on rare occasions, and
care that no moisture settles at the roots, where it induces
stem-rot, which is deadly to Carnations. Plants should not
be watered on cloudy days, as this invites “rust,” nor in the
sun, as that scalds the foliage. Very early morning is the
best time to water Carnations.

Before taking plants indoors, the greenhouse should be
thoroughly cleaned and fumigated; plants should be ex-
amined in a corner of the garden, and every one affected
with “‘rust,”’ ‘“‘spot,” “‘rot,’’ yellow-mottled bacteria or any
other disease should be burned. After removal to the
greenhouse, plants require more water and a little shading
from sunlight while the roots are settling in their new soil.
Root action is quick in rich bench soil, and blooms appear in
four to six weeks. Disbudding must be constant if one
wishes to obtain great size and long stems in flowers re-
tained upon terminal branches. Liquid fertilizer must be
given two or three times a week, and some growers inspect

60 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

plants daily to guard against insects and possible disease.

The little Carnation lean-to should, if possible, have a
sheltered southern exposure in order to save fuel, while the
more desirable little 9x12 greenhouse performs wonders in
a sunny hollow, and, in any case, should have its gable ends
to the north and south, with its north end walled up. When
a grower advances to a house 18x100 feet, holding upwards
of two thousand plants, he feels that the ideal size of house
for Carnation culture has been
secured. Ignorance in the plac-
ing of a greenhouse can occasion
larger fuel bills, poor blooms,
loss and trouble, but ignorance in
the selection of material is apt
to spell disaster. Greenhouse
glass should be double thick, free
from “burning” pieces that
scorch plants, and well puttied in
an absolutely rigid wooden
frame to prevent breakage,
which sometimes occurs through
the contraction and expansion of
metal frames. An iron-frame
house, however, lasts longer, ad-
mits more light, does not warp,
and costs more than one of
wood. A complete house, 9x12
feet, of the best quality and fitted
with benches and ventilators, can be had
for $80 to $115, in sections, ready to
bolt together. The price is regulated
by the amount of metal in the frame.
All materials used in greenhouse con-
struction should be of the best, to ob-
viate warping, leaks, draughts, and ne-
cessity for repairs, and all the parts
should be perfectly fitted together. In-
cluding heating installation, a house 20
feet long may be erected for $250.
Beginners who want to experiment at
little cost, like the lean-to which forms
part of the dwelling and may be heated
by extension pipes from the residence;
and if they purchase ready-made ma-
terials they invest in glazed and painted
sash, 3x6 feet in size, and, if they object
to keeping up heat in the house at night,
they will insure equable heat in the lean-
to by placing a separate boiler in the
cellar of the residence, with hot-water
pipes extending through the green-
house. Steam heat does not pay except
in large ranges of greenhouses, and is very troublesome.
An oil heater, for inside water circulation, is excellent for
small houses when all the products of combustion are car-
ried off by means of a flue, but neither coal nor gas stoves
can be used in a greenhouse. Little extra fuel is required
to warm the lean-to greenhouse at night, and one may heat
a 100-foot greenhouse for a month with one and a half to
two tons of coal. Galvanized iron pipes, in eighteen-foot
lengths, costing five to ten cents a foot, are generally used
for cold water in a greenhouse; and cast iron,, in nine-foot
lengths, or lead for hot. Lead pipes cost twenty to forty
cents a foot, and iron ones are preferred because more easily
fitted together. Greenhouse necessities that a beginner must
provide are prepared earth and fertilizer in bins, shallow
propagating boxes, four-inch deep boxes for grown plants,
one, two, three and four-inch pots, trowel, fork, rose-spray,
watering pot, vessel in which to wash pots, tobacco leaves
for fumigating, lime and sulphur for disinfecting, Bordeaux

A little greenhouse of the Ieatie to type aoe for Carnation
growing

Tables for Carnations that can be adapted
for small greenhouses

February, 1912

mixture to kill insects, broken flower pots, brick or clinkers
for box drainage, tray for carrying plants and flowers, wire
and string for supports; boxes, paper, string, knife and

scissors for packing. Ordinary boxes may be converted into
beds and tables, until the grower feels able to obtain durable
iron and slate or all-cypress frames and tables, and beds
with bottoms of extra-porous tile resting upon frames of
galvanized iron.

An ideal bed contains five inches of soil
upon a perfectly drained bottom.
A Carnation grower does not
want to learn through experience
that it does not pay to buy in-
ferior pots. Prices for these
vary with the pottery concern
from which they are purchased.
the best two-inch pots cost from
$6 to $9 a thousand, and the best
large ones from $15 to $20 a
tnousand.

If one cannot afford good
greenhouse materials it is better
to start with hotbeds and cold-
frames, as hundreds of people
do, and let the product of these
pay for the greenhouse that fol-
lows, and to which the hotbeds
form necessary adjuncts. When
establishing coldframes, mats
and shutters with which to cover them
on cold nights and snowy days must not —
be forgotten.

Cleanliness, fumigation and care are
all that are needed to keep the enemies
of Carnations outside of greenhouse
doors. ‘To bar insects from potted
plants, some florists let soot settle in
water until the latter is clear, when they
syringe the plants with this solution after
sundown. Others dust with tobacco
dust, syringe with tobacco tea, and fumi-
gate with tobacco smoke.

In the field, Carnations must be set
out in soil that has been freed by fire or
lime from wireworms, and occasionally,
if birds and small beasts are plentiful,
the plants are sprayed with tobacco
water, so as to spoil their flavor for
marauders. Indoors, the enemies that
may be kept out by tobacco fumigation,
dust or solution are blue aphis, green
fly, thrip, red spider and cuckoo spit, all
of which are minute and attack different
parts of the plant. It is easy to learn how to recognize and
destroy these, and also how to watch for the wireworm,
which requires drastic treatment; the earwig, Carnation
twitter, “Spot,” and gout, which must be burned with the
affected plant; and the euchoris mite, that is exorcised by
petroleum solution. All pests are not common to any one
locality, and none need secure entrance to a well-cared-for
Carnation house. oo often a novice attributes the death of
a plant to one of its enemies, when the trouble has been
caused by manure placed so close to the stem as to burn it.
Fumigation is a simple and inexpensive process, since half a
pound of damp tobacco leaves laid upon a small handful of
burning wood-shavings on the floor will fumigate 500 square
feet of glass. On general principles, growers usually fumi-
gate a Carnation house once a week, and some do this twice.
Carnation growing is so easy and so profitable that a novice
is apt to lose sight of the fact that ceaseless, even though
not arduous care is required in order to achieve success.

SE eee

February, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 61

There is a definite sense of spaciousness, homelikeness and beauty combined that lends an unusual charm to this room and its various details

A City Apartment

By Harry Martin Yeomans

T IS a pleasure to come across such an attrac-
tive apartment as the one shown in the ac-
companying illustrations, which demonstrates
what can be accomplished with an old-

brought to bear in decorating rooms, where
existing conditions have to be met and these concrete facts
molded into such shape as to form a fitting background for
the furnishings selected and the occupants.

The walls of the good-sized, rectangular
living-room were hung with a restful, neutral
green paper, which faded, as most papers do,
just enough to further neutralize the green and
make a most harmonious background. ‘The
woodwork in the apartment was of the ordi-
nary stock patterns, which, of course, could not
be changed; so the only thing to do was to
blot it out as much as possible by painting it
a slightly darker green than the walls, thus
bringing them into harmony and at the same time not em-
phasizing the woodwork.

The old Italian straight-backed chairs, the carved mar-
riage-chest, the table and the carved and gilded candle-
sticks and sconces, give an Italian feeling to this room; but
on looking farther we see that a Chinese teakwood console,
chairs and stands, as well as Chinese porcelain vases, em-
broideries and brass candelabras, have been happily com-

bined with the Italian furniture.

fashioned apartment when artistic taste is

Apartment Plan

It may seem a bit far-
fetched to think of bringing together Italian furniture and
articles from the Orient, and when it is mentioned, one is
apt to think of Turkish spearheads and the obsolete cosey-
corner. But in this room a subtle and harmonious com-
bination of furniture of different kinds has been accom-
plished by choosing pieces, as they were picked up one by
one, having the same strong structural lines in common,
never losing sight of the fact that although a
piece of furniture may be individually beauti-
ful, it must harmonize with its surroundings
and become a part of the room. For these
reasons the Italian and Chinese pieces go well
together, and they are further brought into re-
lationship by the woods being of the same
color and being covered with a fabric of the
same tone.

The large north window contains rectangu-
lar leaded-glass panes, with a coat of arms of
colored glass set in each section. When a window is treated
in this way it is so decorative that nothing is required in the
way of draperies, with the exception of a heavy curtain to
be drawn in the evening. Underneath this long window is
a built-in seat, raised one step above the level of the floor,
where one can pass a quiet hour with a book. ‘The space
below the seat has been fitted with six good-sized drawers,
which afford a convenient storage place, which is usually in

demand in an apartment. By the
fireplace is a small recessed space
containing the radiator, but this
usually ugly feature has been trans-
formed into a very pleasing one by
the simple expedient of placing a
wooden shelf over the radiator, from
which has been hung an embroidered
Chinese skirt of old Italian blue.
The space above the radiator was
fitted with shelves and enclosed by
doors containing small panes of am-
ber glass, which made a convenient
bookcase and aid to improvement.

The windows are hung with
straight folds of Italian blue velour,
hung on small brass rods and coming
just to the sill. The curtains are not merely decorative, but
are arranged so they can be drawn to exclude the light or
the curious gaze of neighbors. A few pieces of yellow Chi-
nese embroidery have been used with good effect, and add
just the right touch of light and color. Some Oriental rugs
cover the floor, which has been stained and waxed dark brown.

It will be noticed that there is an absence of useless deco-
rative articles in this room; the pictures are large enough to
be seen and enjoyed, and the candlesticks, vases and other
small objects embody both the useful and the beautiful and
do not merely fill up good space. The miniature suits of
armor, which stand on the teakwood console, are interest-
ing, as they are not often seen.

The sleeping-room, which is in an alcove opening directly
off the living-room, contains a carved four-post bed and
other mahogany furniture of late Colonial design. The

PBs

Snape oe

From every side the

oR FRE:

AMERICAN HOMES

aoe eee ey ee
apartment is well arranged and

furnished delightfully

This shows the bedroom of the city apartment described in the accompanying article.

AND GARDENS February, 1912

walls are covered with a dull gold
Japanese tea-chest paper, which
makes a very beautiful wall covering
and really has to be seen to be ap-
preciated. This paper is made by
printing by hand from wooden
blocks, which method gives a slight
unevenness to the pattern and adds
greatly to its charm. One might
think that a golden paper would have
a bizarre effect, but such is not the
case, as the color underneath the
gold neutralizes it, so that when it is
on the wall the paper has a beauti-
ful golden-brown tone.

The bedroom window, opening on
the stairway, was fitted with a lattice-
work of narrow flat boards, painted to match the wood-
work, which allows the light to enter and has taken away
the hole-in-the-wall effect which this large opening would
have if left in its original state. The window is hung with
straight folds of blue velour, as in the living-room.

The bed is most attractive with a covering of dull blue
and gold material, decorated near the edge with a band of
gold galloon. The small flat pillows, covered with the same
material, complete the arrangement. A covering of this
sort brings the bedroom in closer color relationship with the
rest of the apartment than if the ordinary white spread was
used. ‘There are no pictures in the bedroom, as the wall-
paper is decorative enough in itself. ‘This treatment is in

fair accord with the evidences of good taste shown through-
out the arrangement of objects and the accomplishment of
effects in this bedroom, where reticence has been sought.

cas
It is designed in exquisite taste, as one will readily see

February, 1912

“
A row

Bee-Keeping

of well-ordered beehives generally suggests to everyone real country living, and bee-keeping is again becoming popular

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 63

je LS 3

as a Pastime

By E. I. Farrington
Photographs by W. H. Ballou and Dadman Co.

S an outdoor hobby for after business hours

let me recommend bee-keeping. Golf and
tennis and horses are all very well, but none
of them have the advantages of a modest
little apiary under the apple trees in the back
yard, where one may spend ten minutes or
an hour or two, according to his mood and opportunities.

There is a fascination about bee-keeping which seizes
upon one as soon as he begins to read its literature, no mat-
ter whether it be Maeterlinck’s “Life of the Bee” or a bee
supply catalogue. The expense is negligible and the re-
wards substantial, both in recreation and sweets. There is
even a social side to bee-keeping, for those who follow it
almost invariably fraternize freely and happily, while the
gift of an occasional pound section of fine honey secures the
friendly interest of one’s neighbors.

Three colonies of bees are as many as the beginner ought
to buy, and in most instances he will do
just as well to commence with one. A
colony of bees comprises about 60,000
workers (the females), 500 drones (the
males), and a queen—perhaps eight
quarts altogether. The bees should be
Italian bees, for those have sweeter tem-
pers than the common black bees, and it
is for the interest of the amateur to buy
them in a double-wall chaff hive, as a
rule, for such a hive may be left outdoors
all winter without detriment to the bees,
whereas hives with single walls must be
taken into the cellar or protected from
the cold in one of several ways, involv-
ing more or less trouble.

Buying the bees in the hive which they
are to occupy permanently, and with a
queen already installed, the beginner is
ready for business without further pre-
liminaries. A hive of bees may be shipped
safely by express, and there are reliable
dealers in all the larger cities. It is

The upper illustration shows
beehive with entrance contracted for winter,
and the lower, with cover raised to show box
filled with absorbent material

sometimes cheaper to buy the bees of a bee-keeper living
close at hand, but it is a mistake to start with any but Italian
bees, or with inferior hives.

All modern hives are built on the same general principle,
being simple hollow boxes in which are placed eight or ten
light frames of wood, each filled with a sheet of wax, which
is drawn out into comb by the bees and filled with honey or
brood. Each frame may be handled separately, and as the
bees always cluster on the comb, they may be moved about
at will.

All bee-keepers agree, I think, that the best time to have
bees shipped is the early Spring, just before the fruit trees
begin to bloom. At that season the colonies are lightest in
weight, as the bees have not begun to store honey, and for
some reason the insects are never so docile as at fruit-
blossoming time.

When the amateur orders his bees he will be asked
whether he wants a tested or an un-
tested queen. Now, an untested queen
costs seventy-five cents and a tested one
from one to ten dollars, so that the first
inclination may be to specify an untested
queen. That would be a mistake, how-
ever, and here is the reason. A virgin
queen mates but once, and that in the
air, often a long ways from the hive, so
that no one can tell what drone over-
takes her in the mad chase which marks
her bridal flight. He may be from some
other apiary or a wild bee from the
woods. ‘That being the case, it is im-
possible to know whether the progeny
of the queen will be of pure blood until
the young bees have begun to appear in
the hive. Then the color determines the
matter, and if the young bees are golden
hued, as they should be, the mother is
ready to be sold as a tested Italian
queen. The man who buys an untested
queen takes chances with this pastime.

the AGES

Everything depends upon having a good queen, for she is
the mother of the entire colony. She is fed on predigested
food and otherwise petted and coddled by the other bees.
Her duties are strictly maternal though, and she is by no
means the imperial martinet once supposed. She is ex-
ceedingly industrious. Often she lays her own weight in
eggs in a single day—worker eggs in worker cells, and drone
eggs in drone cells, which are a little larger. She continues
to lay prolifically for two or three years and this remark-
able degree of fecundity is very necessary, for the popula-
tion of the hives could be
kept up in no other way, as
the worker bees live only six
or seven weeks in Summer.
They literally work them-
selves to death at this time.

A good queen is one which
lays so many eggs that the
number of bees is constantly
increasing instead of dimin-
ishing, in spite of the heavy
death rate, for in that way
the colony grows stronger
and there are more bees to
bring in honey from the
fields. A good colony fairly
boils over with bees when the
cover of the box is lifted.

One of the most fascinat-
ing features about bee-keep-
ing, to me, is in keeping track
of the queen and her activi-
ties. Most amateurs play with their hives too much for
the good of the bees, but it is exceedingly interesting to lift
the frames one by one, crowded to overflowing with yellow
bodies, and search for Her Majesty. She is easily identified
because of her long and tapering body, quite unlike the
bodies of either workers or drones. The frames are not
heavy, even when teeming with bees, and may be lifted to
the level of the eye by placing one hand at each end. The
day after the new colony arrives the beginner should look
over the frames in this way to make sure that the queen is
moving about among her retinue. It is not often that the queen
suffers injury on such a journey, but it is well to be on the
safe side, as much dependsuponher. After that it really is not
necessary to search for her very often, for the presence of
eggs in the comb cells is sufficient proof that she is at work.

The hive should be so placed that the entrance will be
toward the south or southeast, and it should be sheltered
by trees or shrubbery. I have found an orchard an ideal
place for bees, unless it is cultivated. It has been my cus-
tom to fence in an orchard and give it over to bees and
poultry. The fowls eat the dead bees, but I never saw them
trouble live ones. It is different with ducks; they kill the
bees and the bees kill them.

I like to have my hives in front of a stone wall or some
other protection from the north wind. Experience has
taught me that they should be so placed, however, that they
can be opened from the side or rear; it is poor policy to
stand in front of the entrance when working.

Having now a colony of Italian bees in a double-wall
chaff hive, let us see what else the beginner: has included in
his order, assuming that he has had good advice, and what
the whole outfit has cost him. Here is a list, a little more
complete than I gave with my first order:

One colony of bees in a iten-frame One pair of bee-gloves_____._____-__- $0.50
chaff hive____ SO) OPS IMIS Wore soos ae eee eeocuemeee 25
One tested Italian queen 3.00 One Porter bee-escape, with board__ £35)
Two extra hives with frame
One bee-prushpess ee ee ee al)
MOMDECSe asset eee eee ee ee 9.20 f
Six supers with sections filled with One feeder____.----.------.---------- 10
comb foundations. 2) Sa @ , OS CWESI-GAS coaesecnocessencsesss -10
One Standard bee-smoker _________. 85 wert
OneiGlobelbee=vetl see ae nee eee 1.00 Total’ ..-sease-n2s sseascceesceeeee $28.00

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

This illustration shows the beeman finding the Queen Bee

February, 1912

Now, as to the articles listed here but not already de-
scribed. _The supers are square boxes without top or bot-
tom, which:are put on the hive body—one, two or three
of them, as may be required—to hold the surplus honey.
They are filled with little squares of wood, such as are seen
in the shops holding comb honey. These squares are called
sections, and rest in a little support which holds them in
position in the super. The bees come up from the frames in
the hive body below and fill the sections with honey, when
the flowers are yielding nectar abundantly. Fach section is
supposed to hold a pound of
honey. Each section should
contain comb foundation,
which is a thin sheet of wax,
with which the bees start the
combs. Some_ bee-keepers
use only small strips of foun-
dation, as a matter of econ-
omy, but I much prefer full
sheets. It requires about ten
pounds of honey to make one
pound of wax, so that all the
help given the bees in this
way is well worth while.

A super, filled with these
sections arranged in rows, is
put on the hive just before
the bees are due to bring in
honey in abundance, which is
when the flowers begin to
bloom. When the bees have
filled all the frames in the
hive body and brood, they surge up into the supers, draw out
the foundation into comb and fill the comb with honey.
This is the only honey to which the bee-keeper is entitled,
as that below cannot be disturbed without robbing the bees.
They need as least twenty-five pounds to last them through
the winter.

He must be a lethargic bee-keeper who does not get ex-
cited when a fine honey flow is on. Then the bees work
night and day—in the fields by daylight and in the hive after
dark. The air about the hive-entrance is fairly alive with
them, but they are good-natured and happy, paying no atten-
tion to anything but the business in hand. A super may be
filled in a day or two. Then it is raised and another put
beneath it. That, too, may be filled, and a third, or even
a fourth and a fifth, placed in position and crowded with the
honey harvest—a total of several hundred pounds. ‘That
is the sort of thing that raises the amateur to the seventh
heaven of happiness and leads him to neglect all his other
business while the honey flow is on. This must not be ex-
pected as a regular event, however. As a rule, the beginner
should be satisfied with a yield of thirty or forty pounds a
colony, that being a fair average.

In the Fall, after the honey has been removed, one super
is filled with leaves, chaff or pine needles and placed on the
hive under the cover, as an absorbent and a protection
against cold.

The bee-gloves and veil listed are indispensable for the
amateur, and should be put on every time the hive is opened.
In this way all danger of stings is obviated. The gloves
are long and have elastic tape which binds the sleeve closely
to the arm. I have found that it is also wise to use elastic
around the bottom of my trousers legs, for the bees some-
times fall into the grass. I have a vivid recollection of a
bee which climbed to my thigh, where it smote me when I
unthinkingly clapped my hand on the spot where I felt it
crawling. It may be said, parenthetically, that ammonia is
the sovereign panacea for bee stings. The main thing,
though, is to instantly remove the barb which the bee leaves

February, 1912

in the flesh. This may be done by brushing the sleeve or
hand over the spot.

Many professional bee-keepers seldom use veil or gloves,
but none of them scorn the bee-smoker, by means of which
it is possible to ward off many attacks when the bees are in
ill humor. Sweet-tempered as Italian bees are, they are
easily angered if interfered with at night or on a cold and
cloudy day, as well as by nervous and hurried motions. If
a hive is opened at mid-day, with honey coming in freely,
the bees will give no trouble, but the use
of a smoker makes it possible to control
the insects under all conditions. It is a
little device in which old rags, rotted
wood or any material which makes a
dense smoke may be burned. A small
bellows blows the smoke through a noz-
zle, so that it may be directed to any
given spot. When a hive is to be opened
a little smoke is driven into the entrance
and a little under a corner of the cover.
This is usually enough to subdue the
bees, for they become demoralized in
the presence of smoke. Most beginners
use too much smoke in their nervousness.

Removing the surplus honey was a
rather exciting operation until the Por-
ter bee-escape, combined with a honey-
board, came into general use. Now it
is a very simple matter. The bee-escape
is a little device which is placed over a
hole in the center of a light board, and
which allows a bee to pass through in
one direction only. The board is slipped between the super
and the hive body and a few puffs of smoke forced into the
super. When the hive is opened, several hours later, the
super is found practically free of bees and the honey may
be removed at leisure, which proves the worth of the device.

The hive tool is a handy little instru-
ment for prying open the hive when it
sticks, and for various other purposes.
A screw-driver is a poor substitute here.

The feeder is for use in giving the
bees aid when they have not stored suf-
ficient honey to last them through the
Winter. Occasionally it is possible to
save a weak swarm by this means. Gran-
ulated sugar is dissolved in water and
placed in the feeder, which is put into
the hive. It must always be used inside
the hive in order to prevent robbing on
the part of bees from other hives, which
often occurs when sweets are exposed,
and which is highly demoralizing. A
moral sense seems to be something which
bees lack. A friend of mine has several
hives in an attic. On one occasion he
left the super on one hive uncovered for
a short time when he was called away.
When he returned the attic was filled
with a buzzing horde of robber bees.

The bee-brush is convenient when it is
necessary to remove the bees from a frame of comb for any
purpose. It will be used more frequently as the beginner
gets experience and adds to the number of his colonies.

One of the first things about which the amateur begins to
worry is swarming, but even that bugaboo ceases to trouble
him when he learns how to clip the tiny wings of the queen
with a pair of curved manicure scissors. This operation
should take place early in the season, and is not at all dif-
ficult. A bright, warm day should be chosen, so that the

Women are very successful bee-keepers

- 7

Smoking the bees betore opening a_ hive.
These are single-wall hives

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65

worker bees will be in the fields, making it easier to find the
queen. Then Her Majesty may be picked up gently and
the ends of the wings snipped off.

The swarming fever may be held in check by putting the
supers on early and by using a large hive; but if a swarm
does issue, the clipped queen will drop to the ground in front
of the hive, not being able to fly. The swarm will keep on
until it finds that the queen is missing, when it will come
circling back. In the meantime the bee-keeper will have
picked up the queen and put her into the
cage mentioned in the above list. If he
wants to increase the numbder of his
colonies, he will remove the old hive
and substitute a new one. Then, when
the swarm returns and commences to go
in, he will place the queen among the
bees and she will run in, too. When the
bees have been hived, the new colony
may be given another location and the
old hive returned to its orignal stand.

The bee-keeper will then have two
colonies instead of one, for only a por-
tion of the bees swarm, and a new queen
will be reared in the old hive without
the assistance of the bee-keeper. A
queen is raised from an ordinary worker
egg, her peculiar development being due
to the manner in which she is fed and
cared for by the other bees. A cell con-
taining a prospective queen is easily dis-
tinguished, as it is made much larger
thanthe others. It is possible to build up
a good-sized apiary in a few years from a single colony by
permitting free swarming. ‘That is why I said at the begin-
ning that three hives at the most were all the beginner
should start work with.

Of course, less honey is secured when the bees are allowed
to swarm freely, as the strength of the
colony is depleted. If a new colony is
not desired, the queen is simply allowed
to run into the old hive when the bees
return from their flight. Then two or
three frames of comb are removed from
the middle of the hive and replaced with
frames having only foundation sheets
of wax. The bees usually are willing
to begin on them, quickly drawing out
the wax into comb. When the bees are
run for honey only, the amount produced
averages about thirty pounds to a colony.
Sometimes it 1s much less; again, it may
be a hundred pounds, or even more, if
the season is a good one and the colony
strong. Comb honey sells at the stores
for from twenty to thirty cents a pound.
Whether the honey be sold or its value
credited to the household commissary,
it represents practically all profit. A
trifling amount may be required for
starters and honey sections, but the up-
keep is very small. Most amateurs will
want to increase the number of their colonies through
swarming, and, of course, a new hive with its equipment
must be supplied with each additional colony. After the
amateur has had a few years’ experience, however, he prob-
ably will begin to use single-wall hives, as they are easier to
handle when there are a considerable number to be shifted
about. These hives vary in price, but are less than the
double-wall hives; but whatever is the cost of bee-keeping,
no other hobby pays a dividend on the money invested.

66 9 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

aa 1g12

CONCERNING DRAPERIES

By Harry Martin Yeomans

| N common with a great many other things
ij|| relative to interior decoration, draperies
have passed through so many vicissitudes
since first coming into use that one is apt to
forget that theirs was in the beginning a
utilitarian purpose. Like the chimney-seat,
the high-b backed settle and the winged chair, which kept off
the cold and conserved the heat from the open fire, so, too,
during the old days the rather heavy arras hangings were
drawn entirely across the windows and the high- post
beds to afford the necessary protection from the cold
and from draughts which penetrated the badly heated
and poorly ventilated houses of those times. They were
useful, and not merely decorative. The heavy over-drap-
eries, ornamented with an abundance of fringe, cord and
tassels, looped up in festoons and falling in cascades, were
an invention of the upholsterer of a later period, who
swathed the structural woodwork of doors, windows and
mantels in dust-catching and insanitary draperies, regardless
of any real purpose which they might serve.

A few years ago it was considered necessary to have three
sets of curtains at each window, the combined efforts of
which were quite successful in excluding the light and sun-
shine. But fortunately they are a thing of the past, and the
purely ornamental draperies
are passing out, due to an
awakened interest in the why
and wherefore of things
decorative and a realization
that draperies should justify
their existence by adding
their quota of utility as well
as beauty to the house. Win-
dow treatments should be
both sane and simple, and
the hangings should be so
arranged as to give a pleas-
ing and uniform appearance
to the exterior of the house,
to exclude the glare of too
much light, and to be drawn
in the evening when the
lamps are lighted and privacy
is desired within the room.

Pane curtains of a light material with over-curtains of a
heavier fabric are all that should be required for the win-
dows of the small house. Diaphanous sash or pane curtains
of écru net, point d’esprit, scrim or China silk, run on small
brass rods, are in good taste and appropriate for every room
in the house. It is a good idea to have them of the same

ron vt

AL MANN DNs \

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration.
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

Wintioo treatment eg Be Boe sane ae ener in ne
matter of draperies

Stamps

material throughout, which will give unity to your decora-
tive scheme. If further curtains are required, they should
be in the form of over-curtains of a more substantial textile,
this depending on the texture and furnishings of the room.
These curtains should be either sill length or come all the
way to the floor, and hang in straight folds from brass rods,
and arranged so that they can be easily drawn.

Elaborately draped valances are a thing of the past, but
one laid in box or side plaits is simple and effective when
made of a light material, such as cretonne or chintz. If the
curtains should be of a heavy fabric, like velour, a plain
valance should be used, decorated with a band of gold
galloon near the edge. A valance will have the effect of
reducing the apparent height of a window, and should not
be used over low windows. If one does not wish to have the
rod and rings show, a heading at the top of the curtains will
cover them effectively. :

Long curtains coming to the floor should be lined, as this
will give them more body; but when they are only sill length
this is not necessary, especially with such fabrics as rajah
silk, pongee or other rough materials of the same texture.
A tiny hem at the bottom of such curtains, filled with shot,
will make them hang better.

As far as it is practical to do so, curtains should be hung
in the windows, or in such a way as not to cover up all of
the standing woodwork, which adds to the constructive
quality of a room. Portiéres should be used in doorways
only when there is some rea-
son for their being there, and
openings that are supplied
with doors should not be cur-
tained, unless the design of
the door is so poor that it
must be completely hidden.

TRYING OUT A COLOR
SCHEME.

HEN decorating a

house, or even a single
room, we can save ourselves
from exasperation and dis-
appointment with the final
results if we will only give a
little forethought to our task
and take the precaution of
trying out our color scheme.
Wall-papers and fabrics for
hangings and wall covering
frequently have the bad habit of not coming up to one’s ex-
pectations when placed in a room, and still they seemed to
be just the right thing when seen in the shop.

The effect of wall-papers that are to be used in various
rooms which get their light from different directions cannot
be accurately judged in the light of a shop. Some colors

AMERICAN

February, 1912

windows are

have the happy faculty of changing
under artificial lights, and this is an-
other reason why the effect of wall
coverings should be experimented
with in the actual rooms in which
they are to be used. Most wall-paper shops will not give
samples, but a whole roll can be purchased and returned if
it should prove unsatisfactory.

If plaster walls are to be tinted and the woodwork
stained, it is extremely important that one should take the
precaution of gaging the ultimate results after the drying
process has taken place. If it is a new house which is being
decorated, some of the plaster can be spread on boards for
experimental purposes with the wall tints, and the wood dyes
and stains can be rubbed into bits of molding. This may
appear to be a great deal of trouble, but the results will
justify all the time and thought that has been expended.

THE ADAPTABLE WINDSOR CHAIR.

CHAIR that looks well in almost any environment is

indeed worthy of note, especially when it is inexpen-
sive, and such is the case with our old friend, the sturdy
Windsor chair. This type of chair can be used to advantage
in rooms furnished in Colonial, mahogany, Mission, old
English, or in conjunction with any furniture finished in a
dull dark stain and showing the grain of the wood. The
writer had the extreme adaptability
of this chair forcibly brought to his
attention recently in the living-room
of a new house. Strict economy had
to be practiced in the furnishing of
this room, so it was decided to use
some Windsor chairs in addition to
the old mahogany ones which the
owner already possessed, as they
were economical and helped along
the Colonial spirit of the room, and
could also be used as porch furniture
during the Summer.

In another small house in the
country some of these chairs had
been treated to a coat of flat dark
green paint, and made most accept-
able chairs for the dining-room, with
its yellow tinted walls, sage-green
woodwork and yellow China silk sill-
length curtains at the windows.

The shops carry these chairs in
the white wood, and they will furnish
them in various stains and in ma-
hogany to carry out any desired color
scheme and they cost exactly $4.50.
LEFT-OVER WALL-PAPERS IN REACH OF ALMOST ANY PURSE

NE resourceful woman, who is her own decorator and
has just finished the refurnishing of some bedrooms in
a little house in the country, has told me of the good use
which she made of the flower-bedecked papers which were
left over. Large square hat-boxes, which adorned the

Nasal

vhs

The several types of draperies for doors and
designed upon
emphasize the value and dignity of simplicity

A Windsor chair looks well in almost any environment

AND GARDENS

lines that

upper shelf in a closet, were covered
with the paper, and thus brought into
harmony with the rest of the room,
and gave the closet a neat and tidy
appearance if the door should be left
open. The drawers of the chiffoniers and bureaus were
lined with the wall-paper, which was held in place by
thumb-tacks, so that it could be easily changed if it should
become soiled or necessary to be removed for any cause.

EE Ea wea ot conic tf fo oct ft ecco I) (OS ec ab foci tO occa er cman) SED

REAL TAPESTRIES

(Continued from page 48)
Gears Sania BS GD a a eS

these are the tapestries that Aubusson weavers understand
best how to produce. Not that I would decry the art of the
Aubusson weavers. From time immemorial this little city
of Aubusson, in France, two hundred and seven miles by
rail south of Paris, has been noted as a center of tapestry
weaving. ‘Tradition says that the industry was established
here in 732 A.D., by stragglers from the great Saracen
army, defeated near Tours by Charles Martel, grandfather
of Charlemagne. As late as 1585 the weavers were called
tappiciers sarrazinois (Saracen tapestry-makers). The Au-
busson product is by no means confined to furniture cover-
ings. At the Paris Exposition of
1900 two Aubusson manufacturers
received the grand prize, displaying
among the reproductions two of Le
Brun’s Seventeenth Century ‘‘Royal
Residences,” of which the jury said,
‘They are so like the originals as
to be mistaken for them.” The so-
called Aubusson rugs are real tap-
estry in heavy weave, and in designs
suitable for the floor.

Of Eighteenth Century tapestries
in general, it may be said that they
are vastly inferior to the Baroque
ones of the Seventeenth Century,
just as these are inferior to the
Renaissance ones of the Sixteenth
Century, and the Renaissance ones
to the Gothic tapestries of the Fif-
teenth Century and earlier.

Among Renaissance tapestries
especially desirable for reproduction
are the Grotesque ones that have
ornament pure and simple—orna-
ment often incorrectly called ara-
besque and consisting of arbors and
foliage and flowers, and occasional human and animal
forms—and that get their name ‘“‘Grotesque”’ from the Ro-
man excavations (crypts or grottos) that at the beginning of
the Sixteenth Century disclosed the Golden House of Nero.
Photographs and color sketches are easily accessible, from
which the reproductions can be woven with finished effect.

68 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

FEBRUARY GARDENING, INDOORS AND OUT

ma)LIIS is good St. Valentine’s month, dedicated
ld|| to the Bleeding-Heart, the Dicentra of our
old-fashioned gardens. ‘The snows. still
cling to the ground. Even the courageous
Crocus will not be so foolhardy as to be
peeping its little head above the generous
blanket of earth which good Mother Nature has lent
it for weeks to come. Nevertheless, it is time to be
stirring in matters relating to the garden you have in
mind for next Summer. You will be wishing to make up
your plant lists by next month, and placing your orders for
seeds then, so it will be well for you now to be attending to
the laying out of your garden on paper as you intend it to
be arranged when the actual working of the soil commences,
with the advent of Springtime. If you get your seeds now
you will have a chance to entertain yourself, and instruc-

pa on Cael

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor.
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

February, 1912

If a personal

tively, too, by testing their germination qualities, indoors, in
a flat of earth. The middle of February is not too early
for starting various early vegetables, indoors or in the
greenhouse, later to be transferred to the coldframe out-
doors. A top dressing of fine manure will not prove amiss
if applied now to the lawn, for the Winter care of the lawn
is a very important matter to take into consideration, when
fine sod is desired. You may take cuttings now oe your
Chrysanthemums for next Fall’s flowering, and small green-
house plants can now be purchased and cultivated through-
out Spring and Summer, until they reach their maturity next
season. Indoors there will be plenty of work to be under-
taken in connection with house plants, for their increased
growth during the Winter will probably require that they
be repotted. This will be especially true of palms, ferns
and other foliage plants. If you have Rhubarb in your gar-
den from year to year, you can force the roots at this time
to an early growth by placing barrels or boxes over them
and covering with stable manure. ‘This will bring the stocks
forth well in advance of their ordinary season if the roots
are merely left to themselves. In February, too, one should
not forget to examine any plum or cherry trees that may
adorn the garden. It is possible they will be afflicted with
what is known as plum-knot, a disease which causes the
affected limbs and branches to swell. All knots should be
cut off and burned.
FLOWER SEEDS TO SOW IN FEBRUARY

HE month of February will be a good one in which

the amateur gardener can experiment with planting
seeds in flats—that is to say, in shallow boxes, indoors—of
the Rex Begonia, of other Begonias, and of the Heliotropes.

HE first of these, the Begonia, produces a fine dust-

like seed, which must be sown on the surface of the
earth in the flats. In ten days these seeds should germinate,
and the tiny plants, springing up thickly, merely appear like
a green mossy growth on the soil. As soon as the diminu-
tive Begonias will stand pricking out, they should be set an
inch apart in another flat and left until they attain a height
of a little over an inch, when it will be safe to transfer them
to two-inch pots containing a rich loamy earth. Next these
two-inch pots containing the young Begonias should be
plunged—that is to say, placed in pans of wet sand, sur-
rounding them to the rims, and kept in a cool window with
a northern exposure, though out of a draught. These grow-
ing plants will require moisture from the air, so if they are
placed in a room heated by stove or otherwise a pan of
water must be kept on the heater and never allowed to be-
come dry. February-planted Begonias will be ready to bed
out in the early Summer. One must not overlook the fact
that there are two kinds of Begonias—the tuberous ones
that are used for Summer flowering, and the fibrous ones
for Winter. The tuberous pe owe their beieie to

February, 1912

SI TE

There is a definite pleasure in raising such Begonias as these oneself

Clarkei, B. Davisi, B. Pearcei, B. rosaeflora and B. Veitchii.
There are also the semi-tuberous Begonias (hybrids between
tuberous-rooted and fibrous-rooted species), such as the
varieties known as Winter Cheer (carmine) and Julius
(rose). The beautiful pink Gloire de Lorraine is the love-
liest Winter Begonia, having attractive foliage and pro-
ducing hundreds of flowers. Moreover, it can stand a
temperature as low as 58 degrees in Winter, and is one of
the best Begonias grown for
use in hanging baskets. This
variety needs plenty of
water. Of the Rex Begonias
(those raised for their fo-
liage, having, as they do, in-
conspicuous flowers), one
may recommend the follow-
ing varieties: Grandis
(bronze), President Carnot
(silvery white), Surprise
(deep bronze and silvery
rose), The Mystery (red
and green with silvery edge),
and the Van-der Hyde (mot-
tled green and white). Of
the flowering Begonias, the
following are very attrac-
tive: Alba picta (narrow,
green leaves spotted with
white, and white flowers in
clusters), Argentea Guttata
(bronze leaf marked with
silver, and white flowers), B. McBethii (finely-cut foliage
and pure white flowers), B. Metallica (bronze foliage and
white flowers), Margurite (foliage resembles B. Metallica,
but flowers are light rose color), Zebrina (white-veined
dark-green foliage and light pink flowers), and B. grandi-
flora erecta cristata (Bearded Begonia). Then there are the
Wax Begonias (B.semperfloreus ), which bloom continuously.

ANI RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ae PEELE HEOBES OTD I

SSeS Sees baw Senese pe 4 rie

The Begonia will ever remain one of the loveliest plants for both indoor
and for outdoor culture, blossoming, as it does at all seasons

ELTA Eis ei, vi

CEE PEP EOE ETE EEE EE
a @ os e

COREL REE RR ES

{UTA NE

See seh

ere thy FEE NS RN

OYE LIE AO ND A EE PEERED AEI I

from seed, either to adorn the window garden or the outdoor beds

HEN Heliotrope seed is planted in February it will
produce plants large enough by early Summer for
bedding outdoors. Heliotrope seed requires a soil that is
just moist, and never wet or completely dry. After sprin-
kling the seed over the surface of the flat, sprinkle over it a
light layer of fine white sand. In twenty days the seed
should germinate. Although there are many excellent va-
rieties of the Heliotrope, there is no variety more satisfac-
tory than the old-fashioned
lilac - colored Peruvianum,
which is exceedingly fragrant
and floriferous.
CELERY FROM SEED
NE of the readers of
this department requests
information regarding Celery
raising from the seed, and as
this will prove of interest to
many, the following hints for
this culture are here given;
February will be the proper
month in which the amateur
vegetable gardener may es-
say Celery growing from
seed. White Plume or
Golden Self-Blanching va-
rieties are especially recom-
mended, and the seeds of
these may now be sown in-
doors in flats if a fine loamy
soil is procurable for filling
them. ‘he seed must be sown generously by sprinkling over
the soil, upon which one should sift a thin layer composed
of half sand and half pulverized soil. This should be
firmed well with a flat piece of wood (i.e., the soil gently
but firmly patted down). ‘The flats newly seeded require a
moderately warm place and frequent watering, though the
soil in this connection must never be soaked or drenched.

70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SOMETHING ABOUT THE LUNCHEON

By Elizabeth Atwood
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and T. C. Turner

HERE are very few women, given the in-
spiration of opportunity and money to pay
the bills, who would not be equal to giving a
perfectly appointed luncheon. If they do
not possess individual resources, there are
those to whom they may turn who make a
living out of planning such things for others. From those
who plan the color scheme for the day, with its myriad of
details carefully looked after, and those who prepare the
various delectable dishes called for in the plan, a complete
and artistic whole can surely be developed.

But what about the daily luncheon, six days of the week?
What must the resources be of the mother who watches over
and cares for her growing children, whether they are two
years old or in the football field? I think that here is a
very important part of the housekeeper’s responsibilities,
not that any part is unimportant, but so many women feel
that anything will answer for that meal, unless company is
there. How about treating one’s family with the same con-
siderationone’s guests
are treated with? The
family will not care
for darkened win-
dows and _ prettily
shaded candles, may-
be, nor will they care
for calf-s head-a la
vVinarernette’’.or
“hashed sturkey a Ja
royale; (with its
mushroom liquor and
paté de foies gras, but
they do care for the
little attentions from
Mother quite as much
ash het | guests. “I
know this to be so
from various sources.

We are given over
to the idea of a “‘light
breakfast,’ we of the 4
average ‘middle-class,’ as well as those of the “‘upper-
class.” It is also generally the habit to serve our fresh meat
in whatever form, for dinner. Dinner, at least in and
around the cities, is usually an evening meal. ‘This means
that luncheon becomes the meal where the “‘left-overs”’ are
disposed of, and it is up to the cook—whether she is Mother,
or Margaret, or maid—to see that these ‘‘left-overs” are
treated with proper and respectful attention. Right here

HELPS POmnits
OS al

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

WEEN ALE Bit os ti é
TieeEee of a anaes ee cut-glass breakfast set.

market the

February, 1912

Ee nee
a

let me tell you that it is far easier to cook your fresh foods
than it is to make “‘scraps” pretty to look at and palatable
as well.

In these days of exorbitant prices, all scraps should be
looked after. Nothing should be despised, and absolutely
nothing should be thrown away. When living in an apart-
ment in the city of New York, it used to hurt me to see the
good foods which went down each morning in the garbage
pails. Surely such waste must bring its punishment sooner
or later. Bread enough to keep a family went down every
week. Part of this waste is due to ignorance, but a greater
part is due to simon-pure laziness. It does take time to
work over scraps into dainty dishes; it does take thought
and inclination, too. But, my! doesn’t it pay? Just try it
and find out for yourself.

My football hero loves to bring his friends home to
lunch, and they never refuse his invitation. The mother of
one of these friends called me up by telephone the other day
to ask me what I had given her boy to eat. “I can’t get him
to eat luncheon at home,” she said, ‘“‘and I thought I would
like to know what you give the boys.” It happened that this
time I was not prepared for one guest, at least as to quan-
tity, and it means quantity when you feed boys. I had some
bits of steak and a
few potatoes, not
enough for more than
three, and there were
six! I had prepared
this for hash, but I
had some pieces of
toast left from break-
fast, which I dipped
in salted water,
placed these in the
center of a large plat-
ter, and put the hash
in mounds on _ the
toast. I had a few
peas left from the
night before, which I
had warmed up to
serve the three plan-
ned for; I put these
as a frame around
hash on toast.

I knew these would not be enough for these hungry boys,
so I scrambled four eggs, adding half a cup of milk for
bulk. I cut some fingers of toast, put these around the edge
of the platter, with a small spoonful of egg on each. In
this way a poor little lot of scraps were converted into a
pretty dish, for the color scheme of it made it attractive to
the eye. And, also, things that would have been useless had
it not been for a little thought and trouble, were made a

the recent novelties in the

| One of

February, 1912

SES A 8.

ano SNE RR SE See UNIS ee ES Ce

Three plates ai Russian ware.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 71

Sore of the designs are in Bice: or brown on a white ground, wile Gthers are Waaned in color.

MELA DEEDES ALE ASA LAS ASSAD TIE fe

mmammmcttien. 0 ae

Biker are

attractive and inexpensive

“Why, I never
“but I give

substantial meal for these football players.
think much about luncheon,” this mother said;
them a good dinner.”

There you are! Luncheon not given much thought, when
boys and girls lead such strenuous lives! These football
players need to be
given nourishing food
at noon, when either
practice or game will
take so much out of
them before dinner-
time comes. It need
not be chops or steak.
Our farmers and our
Government employ
scientific experts to
help them; they study
well the needs of
their cattle to find a
properly balanced ra-
tion to feed them.
Can mothers do less for their families? I should say, ought
they to do less? Are not these growing children in as great
need of thoughtful care of their food as the animals on
a farm?

For instance: In cold weather, when the food value of
meat is lacking, I always have cocoa to help out, or I will
have a soup. I always save every scrap of toast, and, to
make the soup more inviting, I cut these ‘scraps into dice.
Not having left-over toast, I make toast for these croutons,
knowing them to be more wholesome than fried croutons.
This is no trick; it simply calls for more time in preparing
than it would take to put crackers on a plate.

[ make a mayonnaise which is not rich (you can make it
so if you wish to), which will keep indefinitely, and when
the supply i 1s getting low I prepare more, so that I am never
without it. It is nourishing and wholesome, and is good to
use in many ways. It is economical, too, for I make corn-
starch take the place of so many eggs. Put three cups of
milk in a double boiler, and when hot, stir in three tea-
spoonfuls of cornstarch which has been dissolved in cold
milk. While this is still cooking, take two dessertspoons
each of mustard and sugar and one dessertspoon of salt.
Mix well and then stir in two whole eggs.

Sometimes, when I wish to make a white cake, I use the
yolks of five eggs in this way: Put butter the size of an egg
into the boiling milk, and have one cup of vinegar measured
ready for use. Now is the critical point. Add the eggs, and
do not stop stirring after the eggs are added to the milk.
When this mixture is well stirred together, put in the cup
of vinegar and stir even more briskly for two or three min-

Pieces Ebi Batis ware ee set.

The colored decoration, on a cream glazed
ground, reproduces the designs of the famous Bayeux tapestry

utes. All this time the water in the under part of the boiler
should boil very hard. Take off and put in pan of cold
water. Keep on stirring until the boiling heat is out of the
mixture, or it will try to curdle. A little onion juice may be
added, if there is no prejudice against onions.

With this mayon-
naise in stock I am
always ready for the
unexpected guest. |
generally have can-
ned chicken, salmon
and peas in_ stock.
Also for part of the
week I have cold
cooked rice on hand.
I use any kind of cold
meat that I may have
for these simple home
salads. Take a little
cold roast pork, or
even pork chops, cut
up into dice, add a cup of rice and some celery cut fine, and
you have, with the lettuce leaves on which you put it, a
wholesome dish, even though it bears the name of salad. |
have even taken cold lamb, or mutton, being careful to trim
off every bit of fat, and used it in this way, adding peas
when I have them. ‘This is contrary to my early training,
but I have found that scraps of meat used in this way are
really good, much better than warming over in their origi-
nal form.

Another dish which meets the approval of all cheese lovers
is this: Take American cheese and chop it fine, adding from
time to time a little of this mayonnaise, until the mixture is
fine and smooth. ‘This is used as one uses cream cheese.
When I have to go to the city, or for any reason can-
not be at home for luncheon, I prepare a filling for sand-
wiches simply and easily. I chop my cold meat which I
have on hand, or boil eggs twenty minutes. When they are
mealy, chop very fine; add mayonnaise till a smooth paste is
formed. ‘Take a pot of deviled ham, and it is greatly im-
proved by the addition of some of this dressing.

I keep nut meats of some kind on hand, and always have
lettuce. ‘This is by no means as extravagant as it sounds,
for five cents’ worth of nut meats in a salad will go farther
than any kind of meat which may be bought for five cents.
Apples and nuts, even though you do not have the celery to
make it properly a “Waldorf salad,” are delicious. This
convenience of having things in the house, instead of over
in the store, is solely a matter of habit. In fact, every
dealer will make a discount if cans of goods are bought by
the half dozen, and one can always have lettuce if they will

72 AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS February, I9gi2

— a

ifi Ith ee

Five interesting styles of table bells. “These are all models of antique bells or adapted trom old designs, but may be tound in the shops of our
large cities

remember and buy for to-morrow with to-day’s goods.
Then there is hash, which may be made to contain various
kinds of nourishment. A southern girl greatly enjoys what
she calls my dry hash. Hash in the south is what we call
minced meat, with a good deal of gravy to it. I learned how
to make the hash which she likes from an excellent cook
in Vermont. ‘There is always some stale bread chopped in
with the meat, and well seasoned with some scraped onion,
salt, pepper, and a few drops of Worcestershire sauce, be-
fore the potatoes are added. When the spider is put on,
instead of lard or butter being used, milk, according to the
amount of hash, is allowed to heat before putting in the
hash. If the hash seems too dry, add more milk or water,
and cook at least half an hour over a slow fire, stirring
occasionally. This same hash molded into balls, dipped in
egg and then in breadcrumbs, and again in egg and then in
crumbs, makes fine croquettes fried in deep fat. I seldom
do this, for I regard the plain hash as a more wholesome
dish for family use. By the way, is it not strange that we
are apt to prepare more indigestible food for a formal lunch-
eon than we serve to our families? I like the idea of serv-
ing every day to my own something so good and in such at-
tractive shape that the stranger will be able to enjoy it, too,
for, after all, we live more for our own family than for the
formal guest, and I do not care for formal guests! I want
even the presupposed formal guest to enter into the family
and to lunch with them. What is good enough for the
family surely is good enough for the guest if the family is
cared for according to the proper standard, as it should be.
ATTRACTIVE BAKING-DISHES
T once a joy and a boon are these pretty kitchen dishes,
for baking particularly. They do look so cheery and
promising when = ; os
brought on the ae
table with their
contents steaming
hot. Originally
we had only the
casseroles in vari-
ous sizes and
shapes, with and
without covers or
handles. Now we
have spit elie 1s;
cups — even a
salad bowl comes
inet hiswep Gert ty,
chocolate-colored
ware with _ its
snow-white lining.
In the casseroles

Attractive baking dishes add greatly to the pleasure of cooking

and open baking- dishes we are tempted to try experiments

with the various things requiring long cooking ; with combi-.

nations, which cooked in a common iron kettle would be
called ‘‘stew.’’ Served ‘‘en casserole,” in the dear little dish
in which it has been cooked, the despised stew takes on new
flavor, because the eye has been gratified first.

These attractive dishes are not beyond the purse of the
housewife whose expenditure is limited, although they cost
somewhat more than granite ware or tin. But they are
such a comfort one should begin accumulating them, for
nothing is more practical and alluring in the list of kitchen
pees than these eine sets, Now + Oa made.

THE HOUSE IN THE SUBURBS

(Continued from page 74)
ES CC a af mci ft ec cco fod ecco eh) (ORD feces carnooota

tiles on roof or floors of verandas. The Valentine house
has a broad hall, although it does not divide the house, as
is the case in some of the other houses we have shown. Its
arrangement makes possible two windows opening upon the
veranda and a very successful placing of the main stairway
in analcove. This long, beautifully proportioned hall opens
at either end by broad openings into living-room and dining-
room, and the living-room opens by casement windows into
a broad veranda flagged with brick and screened. A simi-
lar veranda at the opposite end of the house provides sym-
metry and serves as an out-of-door living-room.

The home of Harry H. Gifford, Esq., at Summit, New
Jersey, designed by Charles Allen Gifford, architect, New
York, differs in many ways from any of the houses we have
shown and described. It is of brick and very nearly square,
and though some-
what similar to

S © the houses built
mince by the English
‘, : settlers in Massa-
chusetts, it is more
closely related to
the work of the
English colonists
in Virginia or
Maryland.

The suburbs of
New York, with
their variety of
domestic architec-
ture, deserve care-
ful study by all
interested im
home-building.

fo)

+ gg0FB¥n,,

February, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi

The Making and Management of Hotbeds and Coldframes

By F. F. ROCKWELL

OO many persons still labor under the

misapprehension that one must employ
the services of a professional gardener in
order to get into the real niceties of gar-
dening. As one of these “niceties” that have
been neglected too often by the amateur
gardener one might class the making and
management of hotbeds and coldframes,
especially the making and management of
the latter.

And yet without frames not only is the
garden season unnecessarily shortened sev-
eral months—months, not weeks, mind you
—but the summer garden itself is inevitably
handicapped. The hotbed, and even more
so the coldframe, is an indispensable ad-
junct to every efficient garden. And let me
add, just as a passing but serious consid-
eration, that with the price-tags one sees
these days stuck in the green-grocer’s
boxes and barrels, the efficient garden is
not a thing to be overlooked, even if catnip
may grow with the weeds in the border.
It’s getting to be fully as much a necessity
as a luxury. It pays a real cash return on
the investment.

One may manage his supplementary gar-
den successfully without the assistance of
a professional. In contrasting those per-
sons who own small gardens and yet have
their gardening done for them with those
who garden for themselves one will find
that the latter are those who get the most
out of it. He who gets the benefit of his
garden—either outdoors or under glass—
only when he sits down to the table, is miss-
ing all the best part of it.

Even in the making of the frames you
can, if you are a bit handy with tools, dis-
pense with the services of a carpenter ; there
is no complicated work to be done. If you
have no spare time, probably the best way
is to buy both “sash” and “frame-beds’”’
ready-made. The latter are shipped “knocked
down” and come all ready for you to
assemble and set up. Several firms are
now making something of a specialty of
supplying these. The prices, considering the
quality of material and workmanship, are
very reasonable. There certainly is no ex-
cuse for any one whose “time” is so valu-
able that he can’t afford enough of it to
build his own frame, not to buy at least a
three-sash frame “ready-made.”

For the person, however, who has a little
spare time and likes to use it in cash-saving
ways, the building of his—or even of her—
own frames offers a very agreeable task,
not too difficult for the beginner.

So far as the materials go, hotbeds and
coldframes are alike. The difference be-
tween the two is that the coldframe de-
pends for its warmth upon receiving and
holding the sun’s rays, the hotbed is sup-
plied with artificial heat. This is furnished
in practically all cases by fermenting horse
manure. Steam and hot water pipes have
been used, but without much success—the
heat they supply is too variable. It will
be seen, of course, that in the case of the
hotbed, extra room must be allowed for
the heating material.

DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION

The standard “sash” used as a covering
for both coldframes and beds is three by
six feet. They can be bought, glazed and
painted, at from $2.50 to $3.50 each. If
you are really pining for work, you can buy
the frames and glaze them yourself, but on
a few sashes you can’t save enough to pay
for your time. There is now made also a
sash with double glass, with an air space
between. They have the disadvantage of
being very heavy; but this is more than

compensated for by the fact that this air
cushion takes the place of covering with
mats and shutters, so that they are very
much warmer than the single glass. The
latter are used, however, and probably will
continue to be, for the greater part of gar-
dening operations in the spring and early
fall.

The size of the frame to be constructed
will depend, of course, upon the number of
sash to be used. Three is a handy number
for the home garden. Figured on that basis,
the inside of the frame would be nine feet
by six. It is best, however, to have your
sash on hand before constructing your
frame, in order that you may get all meas-
urements exact. It is usual, for instance, to
place between each two sashes a 2 by 4
support laid flat and on a level with the
edge of the frame, upon which is nailed a
l1-inch by 2-inch strip, edge up. This serves
as a support and guide in handling the sash.
In estimating the length of the frame, those
1-inch strips must be allowed for. ‘There
would, of course, be two in a three-sash
frame.

The depth of the frame will depend on
whether it is to be used as a hotbed or
merely as a coldframe. In the former
case it should be from two to three feet
deep—preferably the latter. Half of this
should be below the ground level. The back
side of the frame should be about six inches
higher than the front, to give the sash a
pitch required to carry off rain and better
to catch the sunlight. Where a simple cold-
frame is required, the frame may be 18
inches in front and 24 inches back.

The best materials to use, if you want
something lasting and substantial, is 2 x 12-
inch plank of chestnut, or cypress. A
cheaper frame may be made by using 1-inch
boards, with 2 x 4-inch studding for posts,
and % x 1-inch battens for covering cracks.
Concrete is also used in making frames,
and gives the ideal results. The initial cost
is more, but the frame is practically ever-
lasting and is water and animal proof. Such
a frame must be constructed with forms and
a good rich mixture, in the regular way. If
you contemplate building a concrete frame,
get the assistance of someone familiar with
the working of it.

PREPARING THE MATERIALS

The preparation of the soil for a cold-
frame is very simple. The ground inside
of it, or over which it is to be placed, is
dug up and well enriched with rotted man-
ure. Where the frame is permanent, the
protection of a heavy coating of manure is
often given in the fall, and the sash left
on, so that work may be begun earlier in
the spring.

For the hotbed the matter is not so
simple. Where the hotbed is already built,
manure is put in to a depth of 18 to 24
inches (the latter depth seldom required),
and well trod down. This should be cov-
ered with about 6 inches of good garden
soil, thoroughly fined. When a thermom-
eter indicates that the heat in the frame has
receded to 70°, planting may be done.

Where, however, one has not a frame
ready, and the ground is frozen solid, the
only thing to do is to build the hotbed on
the manure, and in this case the manure
should be put in a heat three or four feet
deep, level, and extending at least a foot
beyond the frame in every direction—for
instance, for a 6 x 9 frame, the pile should
ne) oe all siege

In either case, the manure should be that
of grain-fed horses fresh from the stables.
This material should be procured several

We wish to draw your
attention to a few of our
Novelties and Specialties

aameeor 1912-—

And would ask you to include
them in your order for Early
Seeds.

Cauliflower — Rickards Bros.
Ball of Snow; the earliest and
best in cultivation. Per packet,
50 cents.

Lettuce—Rickards Bros. New
Head; early and makes fine
large heads. Per packet, 10
cents; 0z., 35 cents.
Tomato—Rickards Bros. Extra
Early; very early and fruit of
excellent quality. Per packet,
10 cents; oz., 35 cents.

Our new Catalog for 1912 is
now ready and if you have not
as yet received a copy send us
a postal and we will mail you
one free.

Hridgeman’s Seed
GAarebouse

ESTABLISHED 1824
RICKARDS BROS., Props.

High Grade

Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Etc.

37 EAST 19TH STREET
Near Broadway NEW YORK

Telephone, 4235 Gramercy

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of

0 Missouri River—Cash with order.
Write for interesting booklet and quantity
prices.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

Have a Beautiful Lawn

and Attractive Home Surroundings

Flowering trees require but little space in the yard or on
thelawn and are always the admiration of passers-by.
Among the best are the Aralias, Ash, Catalpa, Japan
Cherry, Cornus, Crabs, Horse Chestnut, Judas, Koel-
reutaria, Magnolias, Thorns, Tulip Trees, etc. These,
in connection with groups of Shrubbery, Roses, Grasses
and Hardy Herbaceous Plants, make a beautiful
lawn and attractive, homelike surroundings. They
can be had
at a nomi-
nalcost,
within the
reach of
everyone.
We carry
everything
for the Gar-
den, Lawn,
Park and
Orchard.
58 years of
fair dealing
has put us to the front. 1,200 acres, 47 greenhouses.

Two Big Books Sent FREE—Write now for General

Catalog No.2, 168 pages, or for Fruit and Ornamental

Tree Catalog No.1, 112 pages. Both free. TRY US.
We guarantee satisfaction. (40)
The Storrs & Harrison Company
Box 790 Painesville, Ohio

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

UPERB collections of

Trees, Shrubs, Ever-
greens, Roses and Hardy
Plants adapted to small
gardens, private estates,
public parks and ceme-
teries.

Selected from the
Most Complete Nursery
Stock in America.

72 years of leadership, based on
absolute integrity. A world-wide
patronage. Every specimen is
true to species, is well rooted and
sturdily developed, and is packed
and shipped with utmost care.

Bothlargeand smallordersreceive
close attention, and ourreputation
assures your satisfaction. Goods
safely delivered in all parts of
the world.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries
Box 23, Rochester, N. Y.

AN INVALUABLE
FREE BOOK.

Write for a copy of our 72nd
Annual Catalogue. It
is a standard guide
in all matters per-
taining to lawn
and garden dec-
oration. IT IS
FREE. Just
mail us a
postal, and
wewillsend

you a

copy at

once.

a STOKES’ SEEDS 2

The time to find out about seeds is before
you plant—not after. Get as many seed
catalogs as you like—but be sure to write
for mine. I'll take a chance on being of
some help to you.

Write today and mention Amer. Homes and Gardens

WALTER P. STOKES, Seedsman
Department 44 Philadelphia, Pa.

Two Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of
caring for garbage, deep in the ground in
metal receiver holding heavy galvanized
bucket with bail. Garbage cannot freeze.
Avoid the battered can and scattered refuse
resulting from removal of frozen contents.
Health demands it.

Noses | Underground Garbage Receiver
eS | Underioa Refuse Receiver

SECOND: This clean,

Ymacn wae -

convenient
way of disposing of ashes from furnace
or hot water heater, cellar and yard
Tefuse. Fireproof, flush with floor.
Abolish the old ash-barrel.
Nine Years in practical use.
IT PAYS TO LOOK US UP.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each,
Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfz.
21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

Easy to sweep into

days in advance, mixed with about a third
of its bulk of leaves or old straw bedding,
and trodden down in a compact heap. After
three or four days, turn it over and restack,
putting the “outside inside.” Let it “heat”
for several days more, and then put it into
the frames. If it is still very hot, 90-100
degrees, do not put on the dirt till the tem-
perature goes down a little.
USES OF FRAMES

The most important use of frames in con-
nection with the home vegetable garden is
in getting an early start. Weeks before you
can sow seed outdoors, the temperature
under the glass roof of the “cold” frame
will enable you to begin operations there—
early in March, if you use covering for cold
nights, or, better, the double glass sash.
The hotbed may be, of course, started any
time, though February is the usual period.

Y fff

Diagram of permanent hotbed sunk in the ground

They are used together to the greatest ad-
vantage, as in this way the seedlings may
be started in heat and transferred to the
coldframes after “pricking off” or trans-
planting, at which time the temperature will
be of course much milder than when they
were planted.

Many gardeners sow the seed directly in
the soil in the frame, but a better method,
especially where only small quantities are
wanted, is to use “‘flats’’—wooden trays two
or three inches deep and 13 inches by 19
inches or so in size. Cracker-boxes are the
handiest things to make them from. Simply
saw into sections and put on bottoms.

The soil used should be light and fine,
and the seed covered very lightly. It should
be up in from four to ten days, and ready
to “prick off”—as indicated by the forma-
tion of the second true leaves in about four
weeks for cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, etc.,
and a little longer for tomatoes and slower-
growing varieties.

The plants, when transplanted, may be
put directly into the soil, but I believe bet-
ter results are to be obtained by transplant-
ing into flats, fifty to one hundred plants to
the flat. Put a layer of about one inch of
old manure in the bottoms of the boxes and
cover with two inches of soil. By this
method the plants may be shifted about as
desired—a matter of some importance—and
the roots, being confined within a limited
space, are in much better shape for trans-
planting. Before actually setting out in the
garden, these plants must be “hardened
off”; that is, gradually exposed to the right
temperature without protection. Cabbage,
cauliflower, beets, lettuce, will stand a light
freezing, especially if they are not allowed
to thaw out quickly in the sunshine. In
case they are nipped, douse with ice-cold
water and cover with an old blanket or
bags.

Tomatoes, egg-plant and peppers should
not be started until March, as they require
much more heat. They should be trans-
planted as directed, and then again as soon
as they begin to crowd. For the second
transplanting, use pots 314 inches or 4
inches, if you can, as with them the best
plants can be grown and the roots are not
disturbed in transferring to the field.

Melons, squashes, cucumbers and corn,
which also revel in warmth, may be started
in April, if there is good heat. Cut firm
sod into chunks four or five inches square,

Filter Your Entire
Water Supply

Improved

| Paddock
Double
Water
Filter

and you will

| Use Pure Water Only

to the better health of your family.

You safeguard your health and
that of your family by insisting upon
—pure food, healthful surroundings
—pure air.

Just As Important

to you is the purity of your water.
Don’t overlook it.

Your entire water supply is twice
filtered and delivered from

|The Paddock Double Filter

as pure as the water fresh from the
rock-lipped spring. It cannot be
otherwise —it’s filtered twice through
emery, the hardest substance known
excepting the diamond.

Write to-day for catalog.

Atlantic Filter Co.

| 309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

PLANTS |

The deep velvety
green foliage of many
plants is the attrac-
tive feature for home
decoration.

We have a large
assortment of house
plants described in
our catalogue which
we send free.

Competent Gardeners
and assistants
Any lady or gentle-
man requiring their services can have them by applying to us.
No fees. Please give particulars regarding place.

Julius Roehrs Co. xizees Rutherford, N. J.

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS
RUSTIC WORK

Catalog of many designs on request

North Shore Ferneries Company,
_ Beverly, Massachusetts

February, 1912

and about two thick. Place these close to-
gether, grass down, and plant a “hill” on
the surface of each, then covering with light
rich soil. After all danger of frost has
passed, set out in well-enriched hills.

Besides starting plants to set outdoors, let-
tuce, radishes, Swiss chard and other vege-
tables can be had almost all the year round.
Instead of letting the frame lie idle in the
fall, about August 1 sow some “Grand
Rapids” or “Hothouse” lettuce. Another
small sowing should be made about Sep-
tember 1. Transplant these later to the
coldirame, using good rich soil, and cover
at night only as freezing weather comes on.
The plants should be put 6 inches to 8
inches apart each way—the “head” varieties
needing more room. A third lot may be
put into the hotbed. And they may be
sown again in a hotbed in January, for
setting out in the coldframes later. Rad-
ishes will grow rapidly in a temperature of
only 40° to 45° at night, and can be sown
between rows of lettuce, as they mature
much sooner.

THE CARE OF PLANTS IN FRAMES

The most important rule for success with
plants in frames is to give air whenever the
outside temperature allows. When con-
ditions permit, “strip” the sash off entirely.
If it is too cold and stormy for that, raise
one end, the amount of ventilation to be
given depending upon the temperature. Ma-
turing also must be attended to carefully.
During late fall and early spring very little
water will be needed—practically none. But
as the days grow warm, great care must be
taken not to let things get dried out, and in
this connection a warning is given about
leaving the sash on in later spring. A cold,

Diagram oi a temporary hotbed above ground

cloudy morning may clear off perfectly
bright, and if the sash are on tight the tem-
perature is likely to run up to 90° or 100°.
The effect of this, if continued for two or
three hours, will be serious or even disas-
trous.

A strict watch should be kept for insect
enemies, but thorough ventilating and
watering will keep them in check. Many
other ways of getting good results and a
great deal of pleasure will suggest them-
selves to the happy owner of a few sash.
They are by no means limited to the sug-
gestions offered above, but these may help
to put him on the right track. After all,
it is the experimenting and discoveries
which one may make himself that furnish
the keenest delight in gardening.

FROST FAIRS ON THE THAMES

ONDON winters are more remarkable

for dismal drizzling rain and impene-
trable fog than for snow and ice; but about
half a dozen times in the last three hundred
years truly arctic conditions have prevailed
in that metropolis, and the River Thames
has been frozen over so firmly that men
and horses could go upon it. Each of these
periods has been the occasion of a “frost
fair’; booths have been erected on the ice;
printing presses set up, various sports and
games indulged in; and the whole popula-
tion has joined in celebrating the rare
event. The first great frost fair of
which there is historic record was held in

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

You Who Are Interested In Greenhouses
Let Us Send You This Reason Booklet

EFORE talking about the Reason Booklet
itself, let us first ask you a question or two.
When you buy anything of importance involy-
ing the expenditure of several hundreds or

thousands of dollars, do you rely entirely on
your own individual information, and go night
out and buy it? Of course you don’t.

In making your final decision, are you not
strongly influenced by the opinion of some one
who has already bought—and is satisfied ?
Doesn’t the fact that this or that person, com-
pany or institution of prominence has put their
stamp of approval on it, by putting their money
into it, carry a good deal of weight with you?

This being so, then naturally enough you
will buy a greenhouse much the same way.

Suppose, for instance, you want to know
thoroughly about the U-Bar Greenhouses, and
have been wondenng if there are any houses in

your vicinity you could see; wouldn't a booklet
giving you the names of all U-Bar owners and
the character and extent of the greenhouse they
own, be of interest and assistance to you?

Let us suppose still further, that you want to
confirm your decision to buy a U-Bar house by
seeing who some of the others are who arrived
at the same decision and built; wouldn’t a
booklet grouping such names in a readily get-
at-able way be just the thing you want ?

That's why we made just such a booklet.

It’s called “ Reasons.”

The Reasons themselves are told in 93 words,
right at the start—the rest is given over to a unique
and interesting arrangement of the locations and
owners of U-Bar houses built in the last | 0 years.
Send for this Booklet. With it we will mail you
our catalog and a section of the U-Bar itself—
so you can see exactly what the U-Bar is.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON

U-BAR COMPANY

One Madison Avenue, New York
Canadian Office, 10 Phillips Place, Montreal

HE truth of this famous “slogan” i

Burpee’s Seeds Grow!

’

s attested by thousands of the most

progressive planters throughout the world,—who rely year after year upon

Burpee’s Seeds as The Best Seeds That Can Be Grown!

If you are willing

to pay a fair price for Quality-Seeds, we shall be pleased to mail, without cost, a

copy of Burpee’s Annual for 1912. Long

knownas “The Leading American Seed

Catalog” this Bright New Book of 178 pages tells the plain truth andisa safe guide

to success in the garden. Do you want it?

W. ATLEE BURPEE

If so, write to-day! Address

& CO., Philadelphia.

xill

XIV

SWEET

QUARTET
Plant Them This Year

Orr in London last July, in the great Flower Show,

held at the Crystal Palace, Mrs. Fraser won, with

this Sweet Pea Quartet, the one thousand pound
sterling prize for tbe best vase of blooms.
10,000 exhibitors competing.

This shows the tremendous popularity there is in England
for these exquisite, fragrance laden flowers.

s a result, sweet peas will be grown over here more than
ever this year.

This means you will surely want some of the seeds of this
Prize Quartet to plant along with your others.

It will be intensely interesting in growing them, to find in
their blooms the excelling points that brought them into such
prominence,

here is going to be a lot of good-natured, neighborly
competition in growing them—a competition in the pleasure
of which you will want to join. ;

So order your seeds early and plant them early, for much
of their success, as you know, depends on a good deep root
growth before the hot spring suns come.

Here are the varieties in the Quartet—

Paradise Carmine—clear, lovely, carmine, waved.

Constance Oliver—delicate pink, suffused with cream,
waved.

Arthur Unwin—rose shaded with cream, waved.

Tom Bolton—dark maroon, waved.

1 packet of the above four prize winners, postpaid, 35c

3 collections, or 12 packets in all, postpaid, .___. $

With your order we will send along our

1912 GARDEN GUIDE
which contains a complete description of the contest. It isa
beautifully illustrated book of 152 pages, and is a decided
departure from the usual so-called “‘Seed Catalog.”

The “‘tell you how”’ cultural directions are told in a mat-
ter-of-fact, interesting way by successful gardening lovers.

hether you buy the Quartet or not, we will be glad to
send you this Garden Guide.

Get it now—and plan your garden now—pick out your
seeds now—and so get things started now for an earlier gar-
den this year.

There were over

.BODDINGTONS SEEDS |
oe ; eg — Arthur T. Boddington

S 326 West 14th St.
New York

Livingston’s Tomatoes

are valued by all friends of this fruit as the choicest procurable. For
sixty years we have bred tomatoes for yield and quality, and our new
“‘slobe’’ shaped sorts are as near perfection as anything evolved. Of
ideal shape, with solid meat of finest flavor, they stand unsurpassed.

| Trial Packet of Livingston’s “Globe,” illustrated
below(enough seeds for 250plants),10c. postpaid

Useful 130-page Catalog
and Tomato Booklet F ree

Nearly 300 illustrations from photographs and honest descriptions
make the catalog one of the most reliable seed books published.
| “Tomato Facts” explains why we are the leaders in the tomato line.
Both books are free. May we send copies to you?

The
Livingston Seed Co.

546 High Street
Columbus

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

January, 1608; but the most famous of all
was that of 1683-4, which lasted from the
beginning of December to the 5th of Feb-
ruary. Evelyn gives the following descrip-
tion of this fair in his “Diary”: “The frost
continuing more and more severe, the
Thames before London was still planted
with boothes in formal streetes, all sorts of
trades and shops furnish’d and full of com-
modities, even to a printing presse, where
the people and ladyes tooke a fancy to have
their names printed, and the day and yeare
set down when printed on the Thames: this
humour tooke so universally, that ’twas esti-
mated the printer gain’d £5 a day, for print-
ing a line onely, at sixpence a name, be-
sides what he got by ballads, etc. Coaches
plied from Westminster to the Temple, and
from several other staires, to and fro, as in
the streetes, sleds sliding on skeetes, a bull-
baiting, horse and coach races, puppet-plays,
and interludes, cookes, tipling, so that it
seeme’d to be a bacchanalian triumph, or
carnival on the water.” King Charles II.
and his family visited the fair, and had
their names printed on a quarto sheet of
Dutch paper, which is still extant.

During the frost fair of January, 1716, it
is recorded that an uncommonly high spring
tide, which overflowed cellars on the banks
of the river, raised the ice fully fourteen
feet, without interrupting the people in their
pursuits.

Similar fairs were held in 1740, 1788-9,
and 1814. The last was one of the gayest
and most animated of these events, though
it lasted only four days.

TOY FURNITURE REPRODUCING
COLONIAL PIECES

By HELEN W. PREVOST

T Hingham, Mass., delightful toys are

made which are miniature models of
old Colonial pieces of furniture, actually
reproduced, and with the greatest care as
to details. As New England is a home of
such pieces the models are not difficult to
find and are in some cases reproductions
of more or less famous ones, in every case
authentic examples. The style and the pro-
portions are carefully preserved and one
can see what the charm might be in finding
them thus im little, but not less perfect
types.

As toys they can give a very direct and
genuine delight to children and serve beside
as an excellent lesson in beautiful propor-
tion as applied to household art, a lesson
the better learned because it comes in that
best of ways “Where there is pleasure
taken.” They form a lesson in history,
also, both for the child, who shall uncon-
sciously almost absorb it with a little timely
word, and for the grown person who has
had interest and taste awakened in Colonial
or in simple, good household fashions in
furniture. They may afford to these a help
in genuine elementary study, since the his-
tory and dates of the models, in many cases,
as said, can be known.

The articles appear in great variety ; there
are many and varied patterns of chairs,
both very simple ones and those more
elaborate; tables as ingeniously devised to
fold as any that could be intended for a
modern apartment and much more pictur-
esque. The wooden cradle is presented,
with its characteristic hood, and the writ-
ing table, the dressing-table, or “low-
boy,” the kitchen dresser and chests of
drawers, are all here and with them such
common articles of use as buckets, churns,
and foot-stools. Chairs with tall backs of
the spindle variety appear and as carefully
made, with each tiny spindle as carefully
finished and adjusted, as if for a larger

Is There Any Excuse for Unattractive
Houses on Account of Expense?

In answer to this, Geo. M. Kauffman, Architect, announces Ist,
2nd and 3d series, ‘Distinctive Homes and Gardens.” e masses
are just awakening to the fact that there is mere building and then
there is art in building; that under favorable conditions and with
proper knowledge one should cost no more than the other. e are
in the dawn of a new era, in which the value of domestic Architec-
ture will be based not so much upon the cost of production as upon
true merit. Can you imagine anything more absurd than estimating
the value of a picture by the price of the paint? The expression of a
house, its look—forbidding or homelike and inviting, cosy or cheer-
less—is due to the design. Good Architecture has qualities which
appeal with special force to the cultured, and as we improve in art
and refinement the demand for meritorious homes naturally follows.

“Distinctive Homes and Gardens’ are devoted to the home—its
planning, building, remodeling, beautifying, etc. They contain many
illustrations, floor plans and descriptions of the best moderate and low
cost houses built to-day, thus offering an excellent opportunity of
studying some of the best designs of the various and popular types o
domestic Architecture. These books also contain plans of gardens;

and best of all, we devote many pages to suggestions and general in-
formation which will greatly aid you in crystallizing your ideas—in
deciding what you really do want an

need. xis timely advice
alone might save or make you hundreds of dollars, to say nothing of
having as a result a true home instead of perhaps a life-long disap-
pointment.

Your home means much to you! It expresses your life—your in-
dividuality —your taste, and the degree of your culture and refine-
ment. he soul must be fed in the home as well as the body, there-
fore there must be poetry as well as mathematics, and while your
home should be made to fit your every need, it should also be whole-
some in its art fitting to its environmen: and possessing the charm that
will increase with age.

WHY NOT SPEND. YOUR MONEY WISELY?
WE CAN HELP YOU

Ist and 2nd series each have 72 (10x13) pages and 35 designs.

ouses of Ist series vary from $1,000 to $6,000, 2nd series from
$6,000 to $15,000. Price of each, $1.00 postpaid. Third series
(a combination of Ist and 2nd series) will be sent postpaid upon re-
ceipt of $1.50.

We also furnish plans and specifications as per our special offer.

THE KAUFFMAN CoO.
ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, O.

S, BERRIE

{4 Plants by the dozen or by the million.
120 acres planted in 103 varieties, Ali
(4 the standards and the most promising of
the new ones, Largest grower inf,
‘America, Every plant true to name.
f, (y Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry
Y74and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali-
Yq fornia Privet and other Shrubbery.}
y4 Cultural directions with each ship- iN
(aq Toent. Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Send
‘a postal today. My personal guarantee fi i
back of every sale.

j W. F. ALLEN
10 Market Street, Salisbury,

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CO.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Suk:

Sore MANUFACTURERS ons

You ke a Living and Save
Money From Five Acres of Berries

On five acres you can produce a gross income of -
$2,000 a year Growing Berries. $500 to start and
your time will give you a good living and $1,000
net. The returns begin at the end of the first year.

There’s No Secret About It—Just Intelligent Work

If you don’t have land, buy or rent some, and plant berries; you
can pay for it in two or three years.

BERRIES THAT NET $1,000 AN ACRE
The Berrydale Berry Book describes all the best old berries and
the New Himalaya—the berry that bears ten tons of fruit on an

acre of thirty months old plants. Send for the book; it’s free if
you ask now. 3 *
BERRYDALE EXPERIMENT GARDENS

A. Hitting, Owner American Ave., Holland, Michigan _

February, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

use. Everything is made as perfect as
possible with the express intention of giv-
ing the “feeling’’ which is to be found in
the original. These pieces can be obtained
in the white wood and were, at first, sent
out so, but the preference seems to be for
a complete representation and they are now
for the most part made of mahogany and
finished in the original style, or they are
stained to represent the wood in which the
original piece was made, giving, so far as
is humanly possible, an exact reproduc-
tion in little of the historic and interesting
pieces of Colonial days.

PLANTS INDOORS
By EMILY C. DAY

T IS sometimes said that the city dweller

is more fond of plants and flowers than
he who walks amongst them daily over the
fields. There is no doubt that the person
in the country talks less about it, as a rule,
though this may not be altogether conclu-
sive. However this is, flowers are an
almost indispensable part of our life and
have much to do with keeping us civilized
and balanced, and the need which is sym-
bolized by the flower is a very vital one.

During the winter months, however, the
town and city dweller must depend, for
flowers, upon forethought and care, and
given this, anyone may have plants which
can reward any time and thought bestowed
upon them.

In arranging windows there are some im-
portant general things to consider. One is,
that though plants are charming compan-
ions they must not be allowed to take up
all the window space and unless the room
offers two windows only a few plants should
be accommodated. These should be, fur-
thermore, arranged in such a way that they
do not occupy too much of the window
space. They may be arranged on either
side, two or three deep if the window-seat
is broad. Another good device is to put
a shelf across the middle of the window, a
little from it so that the sashes can move
up and down easily, and plants and trailing
vines from this shelf, will have every op-
portunity for light, and ornament pleasingly
the window without interfering with the
convenience of the family.

The second consideration may be for the
plants themselves. The condition of the
light and the amount of sunlight they may
reasonably be expected to receive must, of
necessity, influence the kinds of plants
chosen. If a window is without sun, ferns
and other plants which are not dependent
upon it will furnish sufficient variety to
form a good window arrangement. What
plants these are can be discovered by con-
sulting any authority or the numerous
journals which make information upon
points like this their special care. If full
of sunshine there are other sets of plants
which may be considered. The choice of
plants will be further influenced by the room
itself, by its general style, and by the uses
to which it is put. In some cases the glow
of a few gay Geraniums can add a most
acceptable note; in others some softer hued
flower is in better keeping. The ornamental
value of one’s window of plants can be very
much a matter of arrangement and the
pots in which they are placed will do much
to help or mar the effect.

The plants may be put merely into com-
mon terra-cotta pots and for general pur-
poses scarcely anything better can be de-
vised. Jardiniéres of porcelain, of pottery,
of metal, of wood, are all possible, and used
with discretion one or more can add a touch
of distinction to the group. Here there is

Both Plant and

OU gain nothing by waiting till spring—you lose
Evergreens of all kinds can
be planted to special advantage all winter long.

Fine, root-
pruned, sturdy specimens of the sort you want, in sizes
from three feet up to thirty. They can be shipped by
wagon or rail with perfect safety when bundled and

much if you do wait.

And we have the evergreens you want.

packed Hicks’ way.

Then there’s the planning-~send for our catalogs this

Done this way, your results will positively be better,
because you have the choice of our large stock now—
you can arrange to plant them early — we can ship early.
You escape the worries of the spring rush and your trees

and shrubs will do better, a good deal better, by having
time to get established before the too warm days come.

Don’t you want a fine maple, or pin oak, or some
shrubs to immediately beautify your grounds like Hicks’
trees in the illustration?

very day and map out just what planting of trees, shrubs

and flowers you should do this spring.
come and see us and make your arrangements.

Then write or

Hicks’ large trees cut out the years of waiting for small
ones to grow up.

Isaac Hicks @ Son

Westbury, Long Island

PLANT THE QUALITY GRAPE
Catawba - Concord

The Grape for Everybody Everywhere

A cross between the Catawba and the
Concord—so scientifically made that it
unites all their merits with none of their
defects. Equal in quality to the finest hot-
house grapes and as easily grown as the
‘oncord. For ten years it has proved its
superiority. Has received awards wher-
ever shown.
Write at once for large descriptive cata-
log of Raspberries, Blackberries, Grapes,
Strawberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Gar-
den Roots, Hardy Perennial Plants,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. It tells how
to plant and grow them—/7¢e for every-

body.
J.T. LOVETT, Box 128, Little Silver, N.J.

ee as
BUN GAL OW
Send $1.00 for my new and complete book—Bungalows showing
floor plans, interior and exterior perspective from photographs with
prices for the completed building.

I Guarantee to Construct at Prices Named
If book is not satisfactory and is not what you want, | will refund
the money.

O. S. LANG, Bungalow Specialist,

690 Seventh St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Plan Your
Out-door Pictures

NOW!

February is the planning time in every
good gardener’s calendar.

Of first consideration to home owners
and garden lovers is the planning of the
walks, the massing of shrubs, and the dis-
position of trees.

Use Wagner Landscape Service in work-
ing out these details. It puts at your dis-
posal the skill of expert landscape gardeners.

Wagner's Landscape stock and hardy
flowers are unsurpassed in vigor, beauty
and variety.

Write Wagner now about
Trees, and Flowers for your place.

“Plants and Plens for Beautiful Sur=
roundings,”’ a beautifully illustrated and
helpful book, is yours for the asking. Send

Shrubs,

_ fer it today.

WAGNER PARK NURSERIES

Florists —— Nurserymen Landscape Gardeners

Sidney, Ohio

xvi

The Recs Steel HESS; 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

‘Bie off gour Hat toThe Myers!”
GEST PUMP OW EARTH.

F. E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1912

HESS seh LOCKER ‘< PHILADELPHIA”

ga) TheOnly Modern,Sanitary LAWN MOWERS
A STEEL Medicine Cabinet Are to-day the Standard, as they were in 1869

or locker Soicceeoenereaa in snow-white, panes
everlasting enamel, inside and oul.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nicke)
=| plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
| shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps. shrinks, nor swells.
Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

| Should Be In Every Bath Room

Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

ALL
7P UM DPS xinps
CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

“e 4 =
66 HG QD oD
WN
ALL STEEL MOWER

Strictly High Grade in every respect. All knives of Vanadium

} ae Mowers, without a rival in their class. Also styles
M. XX and Golf. Elorse Mowers—we lead, as we do in Hand
Mowers. Buy the ‘‘Philadelphia’’ and you will use no other.

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company

Over 42 years Makers of High Grade Goods Only
31st and Chestnut Streets PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A.

Write for Circulars and Prices

z am a
EEE BeSUeBauaagatr
EEGs

; oie one” i, i lied gale teers poorer to tig scale

Clinton Wire Lath is Preis

Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth

even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the
plaster eliminates all danger of cracking.

In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its

durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away.

aK NaEEER
ai |) Ml

Write for descriptive matter

EASES

Crucible Steel. Workmanship the finest. Makers of the only @ !

every opportunity for the display of taste in
considering form, color, size and appropri-
ateness to the plant and place in the group.
Hints for this use may be had from look-
ing over the garden pottery intended for
outside uses but intended for plant use. The
flower pots, if wisely chosen, can do much
to set off the beauty of the plants, to
emphasize a portion of the window, and
to influence the effect of it in relation to the
room. Very attractive garden or window
pots can be found by means of a little
search and there are often attractive ones
among the newer hand-made pottery.

COMPARATIVE SHRINKAGE OF
MEAT IN COOKING

RECENT consular report calls atten-

tion to the tests at the London Elec-
trical Exposition which demonstrated that
the shrinkage of meat when cooked in a
coal range is somewhat greater than that of
the same meat cooked in a gas range, and
considerably more than when cooked in an
electric range. A leg of mutton weighing
8 pounds and 8 ounces showed a shrinkage
of 2 pounds and 11 ounces when cooked in
the coal range, whereas a leg of mutton
weighing 9 pounds showed a loss of 1 pound
and 4 ounces when cooked in an electric
oven. The shrinkage for the gas oven was
2 pounds and 4 ounces on an 8-pound leg
of mutton.

DS a: a a E
tet] :

HistortcAL ATLAS, by William Shepherd.
New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1911. 8vo.
216 maps, 94 pages of text. Price, $2.50.
This is one of the most valuable atlases

that has come to the reviewer’s table in a

very long time. In the first place, the data

for the maps have been compiled in a most
scholarly way by an expert, also with the
advice and assistance of a valuable list of
geographers and historians. In the second
place, the maps, which, by the way, were
printed in Germany, are magnificent ex-
amples of the cartographer’s art. The com-
bination of colors, which are apt to be so
very crude in atlases of American origin,
are toned down and admirably contrasted.
It is very difficult to call attention to any
salient feature of this book, as it 1s of unti-
form excellence. Among the very interest-
ing maps, however, are those showing the
various Routes of the Crusaders; the Ec-
clesiastical Maps of Europe; the very inter-
esting map showing the routes of the

Medieval Commerce; the Seats of the

Medizval universities; the Medieval Com-

merce of Asia; Plan of a Medizval manor;

the Age of Discovery; the Principal Seats
of War in Europe in all Centuries; the

Growth of Russia; Napoleon’s Campaigns ;

the Unification of Germany; the Balkan

Peninsula; the Commonwealth of Austra-

lia; the Partition of Africa; the Distribu-

tion of the Principal European Languages ;
the Colonies, Dependencies, and Trade

Routes ; Localities in Western Europe Con-

nected with American History; Localities

in England Connected with American His-
tory; the Indians in the United States; the

New England Colonies; Campaigns in the

American Revolution; Territorial Expan-

sion of the United States; Organization of

Territories; Slavery and Emancipation in

the United States; Westward Development

of the United States, and lastly, the Panama

Canal. It would almost be ungracious to

offer any criticism of this splendid work,

February, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ustin thehomeisa

omestic crime—
(Professor Elie Metchnikoff)

Paris
You should, therefore, equip your
Home with a Stationary or Portable

Saito Vacuum Cleaner

WE are prepared to furnish Santo

- Cleanersto meet practically every
condition, and at prices consistent with
the Quality and Efficiency of our
goods. All Santo Vacuum Cleaners
are the best that can be made. Sta-
tionary Plants operated by Electricity,
Gas or Gasoline Engines. Portable
Cleaners operated by Electricity or
Hand Power.

Write us for Booklets and Particulars

Keller Manufacturing Co.
Philadelphia, Pa. Dept. A. H.

|
The Santo-Durplex Stationary Plant

HE most modern, and best illuminating and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.
Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin adyance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner—also makes brilliant illumination. IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Better than City Gas or Eles-
tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

Low Price
Liberal Terms

but it is suggested that the 208th map,
showing the seat of the Civil War, might
have been made a two-page plan to greater
advantage, as a map of this kind is very
much needed.

THE GARDEN OF RESURRECTION. By E.

Temple Thurston. New York: Mitchell

Kennerley, 9il> Cloth, 16mo, ~ Price:
$1.30 net.

Those who have read “The City of Beau-
tiful Nonsense” will find in “The Garden
of Resurrection” the same exquisite grace
in the telling of the tale that characterizes
all Mr. Thurston’s delightfully-written
novels. This is a romance of real life—the
life of to-day making appeal through its
tenderness to all who believe in the grace
of love. The reading of it leaves behind
the perfume of that grace in the mind and
heart for many a day, and while such writ-
ers produce such books, English literature
will continue to be graced with the sort of
books that are, in their very spirit, as up-
lifting as they are entertaining. It is pos-
sible that the fineness of Mr. Temple
Thurston’s manner of telling his story will
not appeal to the more coarse-grained
readers of fiction, but the world needs such
writers and needs to find readers open to
the appreciation of such works.

MorHer Carey’s CHICKENS. By Kate
Douglas Wiggin. Boston and New
York: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1911.
Cloth, 12mo. Illustrated. Price $1.25 net.
Few writers have been so thoroughly

successful in maintaining the standard set
by their earlier stories as has Kate Douglas
Wiggin. “Mother Carey’s Chickens is an
ideal story of an ideal family, with the
dominant note—a mother’s love for her
brood. Mother Carey and her four children
are taken through sorrow and privation to
ultimate happiness and success. Mrs. Wig-
gin has developed and molded her charac-
ters into strong and loving personalities,
widely different in type, but knitted together
by the ideal family bond—love and self-
sacrifice.

THe Book oF GARDEN FURNITURE, by
Charles Thonger. New York. John
Lane Company. Cloth crown, 8vo. Illus-
trated. 100 pages. Price, $1.00 net.

Mr. Thonger’s volume in the series of
Handbooks of Practical Gardening, is a
guide to the selection, construction and ar-
rangement of the various buildings, trellises,
pergolas, arches, seats, sun-dials, fountains,
and other structures which necessity or
taste may suggest as additions to our garden
ornaments. It is copiously illustrated and
should prove of service to everyone plan-
ning home grounds.

Tue House Fry. Disease Carrier. An
Account of Its Dangerous Activities and
of the Means of Destroying It. By L. O.
Howard, Ph.D. New York: Frederick
A. Stokes Company, 1911. 8vo. 312
pages. Illustrated. Price, $1.60 net.

Here is a timely work on a subject inti-
mately touching the public health and wel-
fare. The recent increased agitation against
house flies and the danger they represent is
proved to be a sane warning against a very
real menace. The author gives a life his-
tory of the fly, and, assisted by well-exe-
cuted plates that show its organism and
habits, cites exact experiments in proof of
its activities as a disease carrier. The ar-
ray of evidence is conclusive, and most in-
terestingly presented. The reader is then
enlightened as to the remedies and preven-

Protect Your Holiday Books

Provide a suitable place to
keep the books given you, where
they will be instantly accessible
and always free from dust and dirt.

Start with one or more Globe Wernicke
units and add other units during succeed-
ing years as your books accumulate.

Each section will hold an average
of 25 books.

SlobeWernicke

Bookcases

without exposed metal ends.

You can obtain GlobeWernicke Book-
cases in certain designs without the
metal interlocking device that shows their
sectional construction.

The new styles have the appear-
ance of the solid bookcase, while retaining
all the advantages of the unit system, thus
providing for the future addition of extra
units which are always obtainable in styles
and finishes to match original purchases.

Sold by 1500 authorized agencies. Where

not represented, goods will be shipped on
approval, freight prepaid.

The “Blue Book of Fiction’ Free

It contains a comprehensive list of good,
wholesome novels published in English, selected
from the world’s greatest writers of fiction, by
Hamilton W. Mabie.

A copy of this helpful, instructive book,
together with the Globe-Wernicke Bookcase Cata-
log containing many _ beautiful suggestions for
Individua! and Home Libraries will be mailed free
on request. Address Dept. a.H.

dhe Globe “Wernicke Co., Cincinnati

Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway
Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut Street
Boston, 91-93 Federal Street
Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Avenue
Washington, 1218-1220 F St., N. W.

“8

= Letoeinl fs

A COZY FIREPLACE
FOR YOUR HOME

Send for This FREE BOOKLET Telling
How to Get and Install Any Design

The fireplace is the heart of the home. No house
is really a home without its cheery blaze on winter even-
ings. If you are building or thinking of remodeling, you owe it
to yourself to send for our beautiful booklet, ‘‘Home and the Fire-
place.’’ It tells all about Colonial Fireplaces—the only real ad-
vance in fireplace construction in the last century—all about the
Colonial Plan, which makes obtaining a fireplace as simple as or-
dering a picture. It contains beautiful illustrations of Colonial
designs, and tells how you can have a special design made free of
cost. Colonial Fireplaces are adapted to any fuel. They radiate a
full warmth all over theroom. No ineonvenience—no dirt—abso-=
lutely all smoke goes up the chimney. The only up-to-date fire-
place. Recommended by leading architects. You need this book
—write today—just send us your name and address—but we sug-
gest you writeat once. Just drop us a line right now, (16a)

COLONIAL FIREPLACE CO., 1661 W. 12th St., CHICAGO

XVII

Fresh Running Water
for Your Home

Gives you city comfort and conven-
ience. Running water in the bath, in

Wherever

the kitchen, in the barn.
and whenever you want it.
An efficient and never-failing sup-

ply can always be had if you install a

DOUGLAS
PNEUTANK SYSTEM

It takes up very little room and can be located in the
most convenient place. There are no belts to slip or
break.

Absolutely reliable and dependable—as many satisfied
users can testify. So simple a child can start and stop it.

Will run ali day long on a gallon of gasoline. Eighty
years of exclusive pump-making experience are behind

ouglas pumps.

Catalog and full details sent on request. Write to-day.

W. & B. Douglas
180 William St., Middletown, Conn.

Established 1832

Manufacturers of humps for all purposes—spray
pumps, deep-well pumps, etc,

G SEAM
ROOF
IRONS

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

PATENTED

F LAWN ,
(YCLONE FENCE TOR |
~ Designed for Beauty Wii.

Simplicity and Strength
generally go together. In

Cyclone Lawn Fence

they are combined with beauty, making this the most practical, f
economical and most widely used |awn fence on the market. §

It is chosen by the most particular because of its design, and Ei
by the most careful buyers because it outlasts any other and §
is the cheapest fence made in the long run.

It is made of large, heavily-galvanized wire, rust proof, self- §
adjusting to uneven ground and easily put upon wood or iron
posts.

We have grown and prospered until our factory is now the
largest and best equipped of its kind in the country. Our
progressive spirit always leads in designs and methods of con-
struction. We stand behind every foot of fence we sell and
guarantec it to satisfy you.

Get a Cyclone Fence to protect and beautify your premises.
It stands for prosperity and progress. Our free books show all
our designs and describe them fully. Write today.

We also manufacture afull line of Tubular Steel Farm Gates.
Write for special Farm Gate Catalog.

CYCLONE FENCE COMPANY,

Dept. 44
WAUKEGAN, ILL.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

tive measures. These include the preven-
tion of breeding by treatment of all places
in which breeding is possible; keeping flies
out of the house, and killing them as they
enter. Some ten millions of dollars are ex-
pended each year in the United States alone
in an attempt to screen dwellings against
the entrance of flies and mosquitoes. An-
other not inconsiderable item of expense is
incurred in trapping and killing the pests
after an entrance has been effected. With a
little harmonious action on the part of in-
dividuals, Boards of Health, and communi-
ties, the breeding places might be rendered
harmless and these expenses avoided. Until
this comes about, however, housewives may
read in the latter part of the volume of
almost every device ever thought of for
disposing of the mature fly. As Chief of
the United States Bureau of Entomology,
Mr. Howard’s utterances should carry au-
thority and inspire confidence.

THE Book or Town AnD WINDOW GAR-

DENING, by Mrs. F. A. Bardswell. New
York. John Lane “Company. 7) Cloth
crown, 8vo. Illustrated. Price, $1.00
net.

This book is planned for those lovers of
flowers who are compelled to live in town,
and should be a helpful guide also to those
who are ignorant of the art of growing
flowers. The advice given in its pages for
growing plants under the adverse condi-
tions prevailing in town, cannot fail to make
a strong appeal to the town and window
gardener.

Tue Boox or THE Honey Beg, by Charles
Harrison. New York. John Lane Com-
pany. Cloth crown, 8vo. Illustrated.
132 pages; Price; $1.00 net.

From the time of Virgil to our own day
bee-keeping has been the branch of hus-
bandry which has peculiarly appealed to the
temperament of the meditative man. There-
fore everyone who has a place in the coun-
try should be interested in the subject
treated authoritatively by Mr. Harrison in
the various chapters of the four sections
of his well-illustrated book. It must be re-
membered that this is the work of an Eng-
lish authority and therefore written pri-
marily for English readers. However, a
handbook of this sort will be just as wel-
come to the American reader.

PHOTOGRAPHING FLOWERS AND TREES, by
J. Horace McFarland. New York. Ten-
nant (Ward) . LOLs | Paper, lomo:
Illustrated. 93 pages.

There is hardly a more interesting and
fascinating branch of photography than
that discussed in the pages of this little
book. The author gives invaluable hints to
the amateur in the matter of success in
depicting scenes by lens and camera, and
forms and suggestions of color values of
assistance in the most satisfactory manner.
In fact, no one interested in decorative
photography should be without a copy of
the book.

To Moruer, by Marjorie Benton Cooke.
Chicago: Forbes & Co., 1911. Price, 50
cents.

It is seldom that one can whole-heartedly
indorse present-day poetry such as this.
The mother-theme, too, must be well
handled not to be made ridiculous by dis-
tortion of values on the one hand, or by a
cheap verbosity unsuited to meter on the
other. This being so, we take the greater
pleasure in acknowledging the sweet dignity
and the repressed yet strong appeal of the

for Fine
Houses

Reynolds’ Asphalt Shingles combine

long service with good looks. They far

outlast other roofings and give a lasting touch
of distinction to a building. Leading architects
recommend and specify

Reynolds
Flexible Asphalt
Slate Shingles

Unaffected by severest weather, Never warp,
split, bulge, nor rot. Will stand for years without
painting or repairs. Granite surface and fire-resist-
ing. First cost about that of Al cedar shingles, but
vastly better inthe long run. If vou are building or
repairing you can find no better roofing than ~
Reynolds’ Asphalt Shingles. They have
had 10-year test. Free shingle book
for the asking. We also manufacture
igh grade granite surfaced

roofing in rolls. :

H. M. Reynolds Asphalt
Shingle Co.

Original Manufacturer
174 Oakland Ave.
Grand Rapids,

Mich.
Estnblished 1868

February, 1912

THREAD are made seam-

less, of pure wool
and or ‘camel's hair,

AD) THRUM inanywidthupto
RUGS 16 FEET

and in any length, color or combin-

ation of colors. 65 regular shades

—any other shading madeto match.
Send for color card and
name of nearest dealer.

“You choose Thread & Thrum Work Shop

Auburn, N. Y

the colors, we'll
make the rug.””

® The

# benefits
of
outdoor
life

but none of its discomforts, are realized in

The Burlington
Venetian Blind

In your windows it makes your room delight-
fully cool. Enclose your porch with the
Burlington Venetian Blind and you have
added a healthful out-of-door room to
your home. F

The Burlington Venetian Blind can
be raised or lowered at will, and can be
adjusted to any angle to suit the height of
the sun.

The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only.

Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles,
_ will be mailed to you on request.

Burlington
Venetian
Blind Co.

339 Lake St.

February, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xIX

author’s lines. For all mothers, and for all
children of mothers, this little gift book
must strike a true and uplifting chord.

Spices—Their Histories. By Robert O.
Fielding. Seattle, Washington: The
Prade Register, Inc., 1910. 16mo. 61
pages. Illustrated. Price, 50 cents.

“Spices” is a reprint in booklet form of
several articles originally published in the
Trade Register. Its information is particu-
larly directed toward retail grocers, and is
alphabetically arranged under the various
spice-names, each section consisting of a
description of the variety, its manner of
growth, and its chief uses, with an occa-
sional caution as to the substitutes of the
market.

THE AMERICAN SHoTGUN. By Charles
Askins. New York: Outing Publishing
Company, 1910. 8vo.; 321 pp. Price,
$2 net.

From the shot-peppered cover design to
the aphorisms which close the last chapter,
this book will delight the devotee of the
gun. His hands will itch to encircle the
stock and barrel of some of the high-grade,
richly-chased arms shown in the half-tones.
The writer puts forward his subject matter
in that hearty, zestful way so typical-of the
open-air man. He discusses the various
makes, both foreign and American, in a
fair, judicial manner and, aside from their
points of construction, manages to impart
much useful lore in regard to fitting the
gun to the man; the care of the gun; the
science of wing-shooting, and the psychol-
ogy of the sport, with hints on the peculiar-
ities of the different game birds, and a
final word on field etiquette.

Foops AND THEIR ADULTERATION. By
Harvey W. Whiley, Ph.D. Philadelphia:
P. Blakiston’s Son & Co. 8vo.; 641 pp.;
11 colored plates; 87 illustrations. Price,
$4 net.

As one of the most-talked-of men in the
country, Dr. Wiley needs no introduction.
Written primarily for the benefit of the
public, “Foods and Their Adulteration” will
be appreciated by scientists, physicians and
foodstuff manufacturers and dealers, as a
dispensary of information with which they
are deeply concerned. Dr. Wiley has laid
stress upon the fact that suitable feeding
and proper nutrition will do wonders in
warding off disease after it has once been
acquired. The general headings under
which the subject is handled are: “The
Origin, Manufacture and Composition of
Food Products; Infants’ and _ Invalids’
Foods; the Detection of Common Adultera-
tions; and Food Standards.” The present
issue is a revised second edition, enlarged by
a hundred pages. The article on infants’
and invalids’ foods constitutes the most im-
portant addition, and describes their prepa-
ration and care. The vital necessity of the
natural supply of milk for infants is in-
sisted upon, and there follows a considera-
tion of the substitution of fresh cow’s milk,
modified to resemble closely the natural
sustenance of the infant. Fads and ex-
tremes have been avoided. The suggestions
are kept well within the bounds of common
sense and the information is based upon
ascertained facts. The Food and Drugs
Act has done much to benefit the people and
protect their health and their rights, but
the extension and continuance of such bene-
fits depends upon educating the people up
to the point of knowing their own rights
and needs, and insisting upon having them
properly supplied. Such works as this of
Dr. Wiley’s are necessary to the inculcation
of a saving knowledge in this generation.

HE dealer who sells you
DIAMOND TIRESis
thinking of your profit as

well as his own-he is “tire-wise”

—and believes in trading up—

rather than trading down.

@. He can buy cheaper tires than
DIAMOND TIRES, and make a
larger one-time profit, but he
cannot sell you better tires.

@ The dealer who sells you DIAMOND TIRES
can be depended upon when he sells you other
things—he believes in service—in integrity.
He’s reliable.

In addition to dependable dealers
everywhere, there are FIFTY-FOUR
Diamond Service Stations. Diamond
Service means more than merely sell-
ing tires—-it means taking care of
Diamond Tire buyers.

The Diamond Rubber ©

AKRON, OHIO

g could build tle ches per. ;

But ‘we oe,
i. would build thembetter
But ‘we can't

MADE BY LEAVENS

Simple in @LEAVENS FURNITURE appeals to all per- For the homes

sons of limited or unlimited means, who appreciate

good taste displayed in their surroundings. of the

design, @, When buying of us you have practically an un- discriminating,

limited stock to select from. In an ordinary store

artistic in stock of furniture, the taste and judgment of the ata
“buyer” is exercised first, and you see only such
pieces as were selected by him. With us, you have moderate cost.
not only the whole output of a factory to select
from, but in addition you have the choice of a ‘Aes
large variety of finishes.
@ The idea of allowing the purchaser to Bets a
special finish to conform to the individual taste, is
original with us and has resulted in many satisfied
customers. We also furnish unfinished.

@ Send for complete set No.12 of over 200
illustrations, including color chart of Leavens

Standard finishes.
WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO.

Manufacturers

32 CANAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

construction and

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

February, 1912

LD,

for your periodicals, you should see
our Catalog, containing a list of
3000 magazines and club offers, at
prices that will surprise you.

It is the handsomest and most complete Magazine
Guide ever published, filled with all the latest and
best club offers at rates, lower than you think
possible. YOU cannot afford to be without it. In
ordering your magazines, be sure you use a HANSON
catalog. Accept no substitute. The name HANSON
stands for promptness and reliability in the magazine
field. It is so accepted by all leading publishers.

THIS CATALOG FOR 1912 is FREE for the asking. It will

SAVE YOU MONEY
is Send us your name and address today. We'll do the rest.

Hanson Magazine Agency

167 HANSON BLOCK, LEXINGTON, KY.

Fill in This Coupon and Mail to Us ‘
| J. M. HANSON, Lexington, Ky.
Please send me FREE of expense to me, this Catalog for 1912. Kc

2000000 EDITION

J.M.HANSON'S
Mogazine Agency

STATIONARY VACUUM CLEANERS

Broomell’s Electric—The VICTOR

The time is rapidly coming when it will be considered just as necessary to
install a Stationary Vacuum Cleaner in residence, church, office, schoolhouse,
or other building as it is to have a Heating System. The cost of a Vacuum
Cleaner is small in comparison to the Heating Plant. It is only necessary to
heat six months, while the house can be kept clean and free from moths, disease
germs, dust and dirt the entire year with a Vacuum Cleaner at an expense of
only a few cents per day.

Broomell’s VICTOR is a strong, durable machine, is equipped with the best
possible electric motor (1 H. P. for a single sweeper outfit). The Victor Pump
is positive in its action and pulls a strong, steady vacuum. The pump has only
three moving parts, and will last a lifetime.

In addition to the Stationary Electric machine shown in the illustration, we
manufacture a special type Stationary Vacuum Cleaner to be used with Gasoline
Engine, or other available power. Send for booklet giving full particulars.

VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY York, Pa.

Ree ORB 0801800 G9 G11 Ber eer Oe OH OH2 O11 Gor Ber Or B19 Gor G12 G92 Gos Boe Bor Ger Serer Berg oe Ore Goro WoO ss Ger oe Ger Ger Serer Ger er or Oer Ger GvOe2 Or Oe 0110s O Or OOOO Orr:

DAHLIAS that will grow and bloom

From the most exclusive collection in America

Shaking Dust Screen

on,

A new Dahlia must have decided merit — some quality above others in its class—to be honored
with space in our catalog. The varieties listed have been thoroughly tested by comparison, and
only the best find place in our lists.

To get acquainted with you, we will send by express (charges to be paid by purchaser) 10
large undivided field clumps for $1.00, with directions for dividing and planting. These clumps
are equal to two or three of the small divided roots that are usually sent by mail. Catalog free.

BASSETT & WELLER Hammonton, N. J.

[22 Gre Beer Goo Gee G re Wve G20 O10 Gov Beo Geo G00 G00 G 0 Bee Bee Bee Ge Gro G 00GB se Ges Bee Gor oreo Gs0G 0G 1G 0G e0G GoGo Gee Ger Grohe Ore Wer@ er Orr Ger Ger Ger Ger Gere Ge Gu:

rer Sor Goo ro Ger Ger Geo Gor Bor Gar @eeGooBor Gor See Ger SeoBor eo Ger Geo®

Sarason ecore Leen Oxesov en buecenenbcedaneness

ee @eo@er@'

MINIATURE TREES AND GARDENS
AS ORNAMENTS
By FLORENCE A. DAWSON

MALL trees may provide a means of

securing a very distinctive and pleas-
ing ornament in the house. ‘Lhe small Fir
and other trees, set formally in garden pots
and placed in doorways, will immediately
come to mind in this connection; but while
these, especially if chosen very carefully as
to size and the appropriateness of the pot
in which they are placed are attractive it is
not always possible to give them room; yet
this does not entirely exhaust the sugges-
tion. Very small trees, however, can be
used within the house. It is quite possible to
get such miniature trees oneself from the
wood or meadow when one makes a trip
to the country, and then to select some un-
usual pot for them, as a setting; or the Jap-
anese dwarf trees, if one is fortunate
enough to be able to secure one, can be
made a delightful point of ornament in a
living- or reception-room. To anyone at all
familiar with the meaning attached to the
use of the tree from all time, and especially
the symbolism appropriate to it as used in
the East, its value as an ornament will be
greatly enhanced by the significance which
it carries,

An ornament which is closely akin to this
of the tree, is the miniature “Japanese
garden.” This need not be Japanese at all,
the hint merely being taken from these
people and from their sometimes treatment
of their dwarf trees. To make such an
ornament, take a shallow dish of pottery—
any desired sort or shape or color—and put
some pebbles in the bottom, covering these
with about two inches or less, according to
the size of the dish and of the “garden’”’
one proposes to have. In this is planted,
closely as you please, any sort of tiny tree
(a few inches high), which can be captured
in the fields or woods as it is just starting
to grow and is well above the earth; any
kind of fern or other plant which seems suf-
ficiently harmonious with those already
chosen. Plant these in pretty closely and
cover over with some pretty moss. all the
space that intervenes.

Such a “garden” as described may be a
few inches or a foot across and small ones
which respond nicely can be used as center-
pieces for the table. Of course, the propor-
tion of the plants used will be considered in
planting them, and a pebble representing a
“rock” can be permitted. How far the
picturesque may be carried and how far the
interest should be kept upon the growth
itself of this tiny vegetation, is a matter to
be decided by the taste and preference of
the maker of it. It will astonish anyone
who makes one of them for the first time,
to find that the little things do really grow
and apparently thrive. Of course, they
must be frequently and carefully watered.

THE INDEFATIGABLE MOTOR TRUCK

N a paper read before the Electric Vehicle

Association of America, Mr. Hayden
Eames called attention to the fact that
horse-drawn vehicles must remain idle for
a certain portion of the day in order to rest
the horses. A recent investigation showed
that the teams of the different express com-
panies in New York city were idle forty
per cent. of the total working hours, much
of this idleness being due to the fact that
the horses needed rest, and that the periods
of loading the wagons had to be suited to
these rest hours. The motor vehicle, on the
other hand, requires no rest, and hence re-
quires no adjustment of the loading hours.

“Se Ma

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products
EARLY SPRING PLANTING

Tee proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We invite every-
body interested in improving their grounds to visit our Nursery, when

we shall gladly give our time, attention and any information aesired.
Our Nursery consists of 3U0 acres of highly cultivated land and 500,000
square feet of greenhouses and storehouses, in which we are growing Nursery
and Greenhouse Products, for every place and. purpose, the best that experi-
ence, good cultivation and otir excellent facilities can produce, placing us in
a position ts fill orders of any size.

Evergreens, Conifers and {
Pines. More than 75 acres of our
Nursery are planted with hand-
some specimens. Our plants are
worth traveling any distance to see.

Boxwood and Bay Trees:
We have thousands of trees in
many shapes and sizes.

Palms, Decorative Plants
for Conservatories, interior
and exterior decorations.

Hardy Trailing and Climb-
ing Vines. We have them for:
every place and purpose. Ask for
special list.

English Pot-Grown Grape
Vines. For greenhouse cultiva-
tion. f

Bulbs and Roots. Spring,
Summer and Autumn flowering.

Lawn Grass Seed. Our
Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture
has given satisfaction everywhere.

Roses. We have several hun-
dred thousand Rose Plants. Order
now from our Illustrated General
Catalogue for Spring delivery.

Rhododendrons. Many thou-
sands of acclimated plants in Hardy.
English and American varieties are
growing in our Nursery.

rdy Old-Fashioned
Plants. We have thousands of
Tare, new and old-fashioned kinds.
Special prices on quantities.

Deciduous Trees and
Shrubs. Many acres of our
Nursery are planted with several
hundred thousand trees and shrubs.
It is worth while to visit us and.
inspect them.

Trained, Dwarf and Ordi-
nary Fruit Trees and Small
Fruits. We grow these for all
kinds of fruit gardens and orchards.

Plant Tubs, Window Boxes
and Garden Furniture. We
manufacture all shapes and sizes.

Our New Giant Flowering Marsh Mallow. Everybody should be in-
terested in this Hardy New-Fashioned Flower. It will grow everywhere and
when in bloom-is the Queen of Flowers in the garden. Blooms from the
early part of July until-the latter part of September.

We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere

Our products give pernament satisfaction because they possess the highest
qualities created by our excellent standard of cultivation.

Our Illustrated General Catalogue, No. 75, gives prices and describes the above and all our
other Products.

Visitors, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line; 3 minutes walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters RUTHERFORD, N. J.

The Fadeless Beaug mot
The Hardy Pereg

The Fadeless Beauty of the Hardy Perennials eg

Lends to the garden in which they grow a charm thatis as perpet-
ual as the beauties of the flowers that composeit. Theinspiration *
for the best gardening of recent years has come from gardens planted
longago. They have grown into richer, fuller and mellower beauty
instead of fading with time, and on the same spot have outlived
three generations of owners.

Permanent Garden and Landscape Effects

Are more and more the aim of our most successful outdoor archi-
tects. Weare learning to take the finer, more enduring old gar-
dens for our models, welc back the all-the-year procession of
yes Tday” s hardy flo . find new use for them, en-
tire’ in the bo of real landscape art. And the tree gar-
dener welcomes the r of the hardy perennials, giving him per-
manent effec ts with less expensive materials.

a Hardy Garden Flowers,” A New Biltmore Book

This spring's contribution to garden literature by Biltmore Nur-
sery is a tribute to the merits of the permanent plants, which we
have named ““Hardy Garden Flowers.”” In formand style it main-
taims the high standard set by our earlier catalogs. The illustra-
tions, allfrom special photographs, suggest many pleasing and va-
ried forms of hardy garden planting, from the sjmple dooryard effect
to the elaborate formal attainment. The cover, in full rich colors
gives a dint of the exquisite bea of the Anemone Japonica,

Vv ions are full and complete,

adapted sf are f.
“Hardy Garden Flowers’ w ailed free, on application, to
any one who contemplates the awits ofa garden.

BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1224, Biltmore, N. C.

THIS IS THE FLOWER GARDEN FROM WHICH
WYOMISSING NURSERIES HAD THEIR START

IT love this picture because it links together my dearest possessions
.—family, friends and flowers. In my book I oall it ‘‘A quiet after-
noon--the world within sheltered from the world without.’’? Wyo-
missing Nurseries have grown from the flower garden which this
picture shows as it was last summer.

I CORDIALLY INVITE YOU TO WRITE FOR
FARR’S BOOK OF HARDY GARDEN PLANTS—

if you have a hardy garden or plan to make one. I have prepared a
complete new book describing the gems of Wyomissing Nurseries,
and my friends pronounce it one of the handsomest they have ever
seen. The whole book breathes the spirit of Wyomissing Nurseries
and my very earnest wish is to be of help to you in establishing a
garden that will be the pleasure to you that mine is to me.

It tells of Irises, Peonies, Delphiniums, Phloxes, Oriental Poppies,
Aquilegias, and a ‘host of other grand Hardy Plants, in a way that
will make you love and want them, too. Don’t merely say ‘‘Please
send me your book,’’ but tell me about your garden, what you have
done, and what you hope to do. If I can help you with your garden,
I want to do it.

BERTRAND H.FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643-E Penn St., Reading, Pa.

DOR

Peace—The Grandest of All Gladioli—
You Want It in Your Garden This Year

It is a white, absolutely unapproached; a magnificent
flower, wonderful in its purity, size and vigor, It will be
a delight to you every hour of every day it is in bloom.
Without it your garden will be incomplete. It is the best

variety Mr. Groff, the greatest
hybridizer of Gladioli in the
world, has introduced. I
specialize in Groff's Hybrid
seedlings more than any other
grower.

There is a Reason Why Cowee’s

Gladioli Bulbs are Best

It is because I grow nothing
but Gladioli, having over
15,000 varieties. I live with
them, study them, love them.
Every bulb I send out is large,
sound, healthy. No matter
what your soil, these bulbs will
bloom for you. Let me send you

A Little Book Free: ‘The Uses of the Modern Gladiolus’

It will tell you just how to grow this royal flower and

show you many uses for it, outdoors and in. It de-

scribes this wonderful new variety, Peace, and others of
the best named varieties in the world. Many are re-
produced in their exquisite natural tints by the wonderful
new French color process. Write for a copy to-day.

ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farms

Box 94, BERLIN, N. Y.

BEE

lll =

COTTE TTEUTOOONONUO O0COOTOTOOT AO NNARATONANTC W

FULLY EQUIPPED, $3,500

The Town Car Luxurious for All Seasons

N WINTER’S SNOW, and ice-clad avenues, or summer's smooth oiled boulevards, Silent Waverley
Electric Limousine-Five gives the same sure, dependable performance, the same ideal luxury of town
travel. Frost, snow and mud do not detain it. Extremes of weather do not put it out of commission.
To freedom from noise, richness of upholstery and furnishing which distinguish the Silent Waverley

Electrics, the Limousine-Five adds roominess which fulfills the last desire.

Silent Waverley Electric Limousine-Five

“Full View Ahead” Design and Construction Patents Applied For

Affords full room for five adults, in its deeply upholstered seats—and no
one is forced to sit with back against the front window. The driver thus has
full and unobstructed view of the thoroughfare at all times. Full elliptic springs
front and rear give riding qualities of unequalled ease. The car operates with
equal success on solid or pneumatic tires. It is the family car that needs
no chauffeur. The No-Arc Controller is so simple that a child may run it.

Send for the beautiful Waverley Art Book on Town and Suburban
Cars. It shows ten models. Prices $3,500 down to $1,225. Also the Waverley
Catalog of Commercial Vehicles. Exide, Waverley, National, Ironclad or Edison
Battery.

Sectional View from Top The Waverley Company

Showing Seats for Five Adults

Factory and Home Office: 190 South East Street, Indianapolis, Indiana

NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA BOSTON CHICAGO BRANCH
2010 Broadway 2043 Market Street 25 Irvington Place 2005 Michigan Boulevard

Annual Horticultural Number

LAOS

IRE

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers

NEW YORK, N, Y,

HUPP~
YEATS

T is a curious fact that coach building
was one of the last of the arts to be
modernized. The coach body of the

middle ages was hung high because the
coach was designed to pass and did pass
constantly through seas of mud, through
bogs, swamps and shallow streams. Not-
withstanding the wonderful transformation
wrought by modern street paving, coach
makers clung blindly to this design until
the advent of the Hupp-Yeats. The result
was a top-heavy, awkward and dangerous
construction, entirely out of place under
modern conditions.

NO rani

The Hupp- Yeats introduced the safe, sane,

low-hung construction which an authority
has stamped as the first advance in coach
construction in over a century. This
design provides a car with which skidding
and swerving is an impossibility under
ordinary conditions; a car that is as easy
to enter or leave as to step from one room
to another; and a car which possesses a
grace and beauty that the high-hung
electric never had. The desirability of
this design is shown by the wide attempts

now being made to copy it. The appoint-

ELECTRIC
COACH

ments of the coach are in keeping with the
exquisite beauty of the design.

There are six models, designed to suit every
town-car need. Regular equipment includes Hycap
Exides Battery and Goodyear long distance No-Run-
Cut-Tires; Motz Cushion Tires at additional cost.

Imperial Limousine - - - $5000
Royal Limousine - - - - $4500
De Luxe Coupe - - - - $4000
Patrician Coupe - - - -

Regina Coupe - - - - - $2500
Regent Coupe- - - - - $1750

Write for descriptive catalog or call at any of
our branches.

R.C.H. CORPORATION #71 Detroit, Michigan

BRANCHES: Boston, 563 Boylston St.; Buffalo, 1225 Main St.; Cleveland, 2122 Euclid Ave.; Chicago, 2021 Michigan Ave. Denver, 1520 Broadway;
Detroit, Woodward and Warren Aves.; Kansas City, 3501 Main St.; Los Angeles, 1242 So. Flower St.; Minneapolis, 1206 Hennepin Ave.;
New York, 1989 Broadway; Philadelphia, 330 No. Broad St.; Atlanta, 548 Peachtree St.

sa"

$3000 fF

March, 1912

POULTRY HOUSE CONVENIENCE
By E. I. FARRINGTON
ko poultry in a poorly designed

house and with few conveniences for
making the work easy is likely to prove
such a discouraging task that the hens will
not secure the attention which is necessary
in order to have them give a good account
of themselves. A good house must be high
enough so that the attendant will not be
obliged to stoop when working in it, with a
door wide enough so that the litter can be
removed without difficulty, with windows
or cloth-covered frames that work easily
and with fixtures that may be detached with
but little effort.

Of course, it is not necessary that the
house should be high enough in all parts to
permit a man to stand upright. The shed-
roof type is the most common and if it is
seven feet high in front, that will be suff-
cient, and it may drop to four and a half
feet at the rear. If the house is to have no
floor and is built on ground at all inclined to
be wet, it will be necessary to fill it in with
nearly a foot of earth in order to make the
surface inside the house considerably higher
than the outside level. Then several inches
of litter probably will be thrown in. All
these things should be considered when a
house is being constructed, or what may
seem ample provision for headroom will
prove insufficient. And it is extremely an-
noying to be in a house not high enough to
stand erect in where it is necessary to work.
It is not well, though, to go to the other ex-
treme and build a house which is higher
than needed, for it will be cold, besides in-
volving a waste of money.

The perches, dropping board, nest boxes
and feed hoppers should be so arranged
that they may be easily removed. In no
other way can a house be kept sanitary.
The dropping board may rest on supports
at each end and the perches should drop
into slots in a short strip of joist. Some
poultry-keepers allow the dropping boards
to rest on small wooden horses, which may
also be taken out. This is a good plan and
may be improved upon by attaching a sup-
port to the dropping board to carry the
perches. Then the lice have no direct route
to the hens. Some genius has invented a
metal perch bracket which has a little cup
to contain kerosene through which the
vermin would have to pass in order to
reach the fowls. When perches are detach-
able, however, they may be quickly re-
moved and given a kerosene bath, which
will free them from any lice they may har-
bor. The mites have a way of collecting
under the perches in summer—red blotches
of them, the color being imparted by the
blood they have sucked from the long-suf-
fering hens the previous night. It is of no
use for the hens to dust, as these mites in-
fest them only at night. There are other
kinds of lice which are kept in check by the
dust bath, however.

It is a good plan to take down the muslin-
covered curtain frames in the Spring—just
about the time, we will say, that Spring
housecleaning is going on in the owner’s
abode. They are easily removed without

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS (°

If interested in
wood columns,

send for catalog A
40.

Our catalog A 27
shows _ illustrations
of pergolas,

dials

furniture.

sun-
and garden
It will

be sent on request. -

Exclusive Manufacturers

KOLL’S PATENT
LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Elston and Webster Avenues
Chicago, Illinois

hoe |

The Attractiveness of “Pompeiian Bronze.”

You cannot find a more pleasing screening material than enduring “ Pompetian
Bronze.”
of your home.

You cannot find one more in keeping with the beauties and refinements
It fits harmoniously into any scheme of decoration or archi-

BEE EEO A Ee eee eee
tecture —never becomes weatherbeaten or unsightly and needs no painting or ~

renewing. Neither salt mists nor sulphurous fumes can harm it. ‘‘POM-
PEIAN BRONZE ” cannot rust — it will resist all the elements save fire.

This distinctive screen cloth is not dipped or coated, its permanency and beauty
are due to the material from which it is made — bronze.

Rescreen this spring with ““POMPEIIAN BRONZE” and end the bother

If you are building — have your architect specify it —

and expense — for good.
nothing else gives the same satisfaction or service.

Your dealer should have ‘‘ POMPEITAN BRONZE” in stock and you can

readily recognize it by the removable red string in the selvage, but if he does not

have it write direct to us.

Write us today for interesting ‘‘ POMPEIIAN BRONZE ”’ booklet.
CLINTON WIRE CLOTH COMPANY

Original Power Loom Manufacturers of Wire Cloth
69 Sterling Street, CLINTON, MASS.

Established 1856

--| landscape

: A tion of

Suitable for

Ing

architectural

Eastern Office
1123 Broadway, New York City

A properly designed
and well planned
pergola is the finish-

touch to the
and
perfec-

elaborate

grounds—it is the
onething needful to
confirm the artistic
character of a mod-

est home.

HARTMANN.-SANDERS COMPANY
ae

PERGOLAS, PORCHES AND
INTERIOR USE

il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

Poultry, Pet and Live Stock Directory

If you will send us your name and address we
will mail you two valuable Poultry books without
cost to you or obligation on your part.

Or for $3 00 we will start you in the poultry
business.

We will sell you ‘‘The Poultry Review’’ (12
copies), ‘‘The Philo System Book,’’ the new book,
‘“‘Making Poultry Pay’’ and ‘‘A Little Poultry
and a Living,’’ all for $3.00 (15 copies) and to
show you how you can make money by the wonder-
ful Philo System we will include and ship you
without extra charge :

Six thoroughbred baby chickens, 1 brooder to
raise them in, one package ‘‘Philo Perfect Baby
Chick Food,’’ two galvanized feed and water
throughs.

This offer limited to 50,000 orders—and will be
good for at least 30 days. Mail order to-day and
let us help you to start the best business in the
land.

The reason that we are makingyou this wonderful
offer is the desire to show you how much money
you can make by taking up the wonderful Philo
System cou pled with the assistance which the
Poultry Review will give you during the year.

Please bear in mind the two distinct offers.
They are:

1. Two valuable poultry books free if you will
send us your name and address on a postal card.

Philo National Poultry Institute
2334 Lake Street, Elmira, N. Y.

Two Poultry Books Free

TESTIMONIALS

New Bedford, Mass., Dec. 13, 1911.
Mr. E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—I am very glad to inform you that my White Orping-
ton chicks are all alive and smart. They are just six weeks old and
weigh 144 pounds. I have them in an Economy Coop and they are
growing and developing finely.

M. Goulart.

Scranton, Kansas. Nov, 1, 1911.
Mr. E, R. Philv, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—Yours of October 26 on hand and beg to say that I have
raised all of the White Orpingtons so far. Their average weight is
234 pounds each and not quite three months old yet. Being a be-
ginner it was quite interesting to watch their development.

Walter Burkhardt.

Marathon, Fla., Dec. 5, 1911.
E. R, Philo, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—The little one day old chicks I bought of you are thriv-
ing, and all who see them remark about their thrifty, healthy
appearance.

I do not expect to lose one of them from weakness or sickness. 1
refused $20 for them last week.

E. J. Devore.

Paeonian Springs, Va., Nov. 23, 1911.
E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y.
Dear Sir:—Your letter of the 20th received, and in reply can give
an excellent report. I have had splendid success, have five out of six.
Out of the six you sent there were four pullets and two cockerels.

My White Orpingtons are a credit to you as well as myself, and they
have been raised almost entirely by the Philo System. If at any time
I need any poultry supplies you will hear from me.

Mrs. J. G. Jacobs.

Augusta, Ga., Nov. 3, 1911.
E. R. Phio, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear Sir:—The six baby ehickens I bought from you arrived all
O. K. They were, however, delayed about twelve hours in reaching
me, but they were bright and active. I received them at night and
the next morning they were hungry as wolves, and I made them the
custard you suggested. J am greatly pleased with them and expect
to make good later on. They are the most active chicks I ever saw.

Dr. W. S. Wilkinson.

The Schilling Press

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

f We carry the largest stock in America of

ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.
KILLED BY

RAT SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
r. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia.

DANYSZ VIRUS

contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and is abso-
lutely harmless to birds, human beings and other animals.
The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition. The
disease is also contagious to them. © Easily prepared and applied.

How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen
for large stable with hay | ft and yard or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price: One tube, 75-; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $$.25; one doz, $6

INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York

A Shetland Fory

—is an unceasing source

Delight the

* the child strong and of
robust health. Inexpensive
to buy and keep. Highest
types here. Complete outfits.
Entire satisfaction. Write
for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 7 Markham, Va.
’

There is but one maker of

Locks and Hardware.
Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.
9 Murray Street New York

use

T@ “ECONOMY” GAS
; oe For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

*‘It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for ‘“Economy Way”
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“Economy Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Nat. Poisonous

DON’T COOK THE COOK

—eeeESES—ESESESESESEE——EeEeeee

Made to order —to exactly match

Job PRINTE RS Fine No. 105. Cost $2,500 the color scheme of any room
Book Art We Want the Man whe enews good pechitcc ture Ce Sse ch te ce Ot We oar
Oo sen or Our new fete) 2
and Press “Homes of Character,” vate illustrates iw choice designs tos feet oan Poy cele
of bungalows, cottages an ouses. new, practica —soit ibdued, or brig
i i d ipti d t t ‘esti- and striking. Original, individual,
Catalog Work Eee A NOLUU Teaeoe had Beau ieceicnee artistic, dignified. Pure wool or,

camel’s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Worksho>
Auburn, New York

Work A Specialty
137-139 E, 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
(Ree i}

in building homes, and develop these plans to suit the in-
dividual requirements of clients all over the world. “Homes
of Character” sent postpaid for $1. Des. Cir. 2c. stamp.

4 JOHN HENRY NEWSON, (Inc.) Architect
1245 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil

the use of a screw driver if the hinges are
the kind which come in two parts and are
held together by a pin. It is necessary
merely to pull out the pin.

A nest box may be fastened to the wall
by having two holes bored in the back to
fit two long screws. Then it may be lifted
off at any time and thoroughly cleaned.
Nests do not have to be dark, but it is well
not to have a platform in front for a hen to
stand on. There is likely to be quarreling
then between a hen which has taken pos-
session of the nest and another one which
covets it. An orange crate makes an ex-
cellent double nest except for the very large
breeds.

There are feeding and watering devices
almost without number. The fact is,
though, that most of the practical poultry-
men, to whom time is literally money, use
a pail on a shelf for watering their birds.
There is nothing simpler. One filling will
last all day; being above the floor, no lit-
ter is scratched into the pail and the exer-
cise which comes from jumping up and
down is good for the fowls. It is needless
to say that a low shelf is used, so that they
will not be injured when jumping to the
floor.

Dry feeding has greatly simplified poul-
try-keeping, and with this method has come
the hopper. There are many styles for
sale, most of them being so arranged that
they may be hung on the walls. Some will
hold enough dry ground grain for a week
or more. There are small ones for grit,
oyster shells and charcoal. It is an easy
matter to make a hopper at home, using a
cracker or soap box. An inspection of a
commercial hopper will show anybody how
to do it. Grit and shell hoppers may be
made from cigar boxes in a few minutes.
They are better than open boxes because
cleaner and less wasteful. Some of the hop-
pers sold at the stores have a distinct ad-
vantage in that they are made of metal and
have a hood or cover which may be dropped
over them at night, thus keeping out rats
and mice. A cleverly designed little chick
hopper is made rat-proof merely by turning
it on its side.

In many cases the loss of grain eaten by
rodents is considerable. It may be avoided
by using one of the hoppers just described
for dry mash and a patented but fairly in-
expensive feeder and exerciser for whole
or cracked grain. This device is a good
one for the man with a few hens but in-
volves too large an investment for the
owner of a large flock. Below a reser-
voir of metal containing the grain is a lever,
at the bottom of which is a wire tube,
through which corn or other grain shows.
The fowls peck at this grain, the lever is
moved and down comes a shower of grain.
The birds will work at this device much of
the day and clean up all the grain which is
dropped. When it is used, only a little lit-
ter is required.

One prominent poultry-keeper feeds soft
mash once a day and puts it in a trough
which extends the entire length of the front
of the long house which he uses. When the
house was built a very wide sill was in-
stalled in front, and the part of this sill
which came inside the house was made
into a feeding trough. Many fowls may be
fed at the same time and they cannot get
into the trough.

Many poultry houses are built with doors
which are far too narrow. In order really
to be as convenient as possible, the door
ought to be sufficiently wide so that a wheel-
barrow may be pushed through it. This is
especially true of a house which is larger
than eight by ten feet, for it will greatly

WILSON’S OUTSIDE VENETIANS

BLIND AND AWNING COMBINED

For town and country houses. Very durable and artistic.

Easily operated from inside. mit air; exclude sun rays.

SPECIAL OUTSIDE VENETIANS

for porches and piazzas, exclude the sun; admit the breeze.
Virtually make an
outdoor room. Orders
should be placed
NOW for Spring and
Summer delivery, |

Write for Venetian
Catalogue No. 5.

Also inside Vene-
tians. Rolling Parti-
tions, Rolling Steel
Shutters, Burglar and
Fireproof Steel Cur-
tains, Wood Block

loors.

z JAS. G. WILSON
MFG. CO.
Wilson's Porch and Piazza Blinds 5 W. 29th St., New York

in color.

Woodwork
sample bottles of Johnson’s Wood
Dye and a sample of Johnson’s Pre-

pared Wax.

This text book of 50 pages is very

attractive—80 illustrations—44 of them

r
Davis, McGrath © Shepard, Architects, N.Y.

Stain Your Bungalows

Don’t paint them. Stain them all over,
roofs, siding and trimmings, with

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

The “‘painty”’ effect does not harmonize with bungalow con-
ditions, but our stains produce the soft, transparent colors that
exactly suit. hey cost only half as much as paint, and can
be put on athalf the expense. If your bungalow is in the woods,
away from skilled labor, you or your man can apply them
perfectly. They are made of Creosote, which thoroughly
preserves the wood.

Cabot’s Stains are sold all over the country. Send
for samples on wood and name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.,

Manufacturing Chemists
131 Milk Street Boston, Mass.

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

E will send you free of charge
our book “The Proper
Treatment for Floors,

and Furniture,’’ two

The results of our expensive experi-
ments are given therein.

There is absolutely no similarity between

Johnson’s Wood Dye

and the ordinary ‘‘stain.”’

Water “‘stains”’
raise the grain of the wood. Oil ‘‘stains”’

For artistic coloring of all
woods in the following
Shades:

do not sink below the surface of the wood or % 126 Lisht Oak

bring out the beauty of the grain.

No. 123 Dark Oak

= No. 125 Mission Oak
Varnish No. 14) Early English

‘stains’? are not stains at all, they are merely ¥% 110 00

No. 128 Light Mahogany

surface coatings which produce a cheap, shiny, %* 122 B27 Metorany

No. 130 Weathered Oak

painty finish. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye, ¥2 }3)B0#n Weathered 008

It penetrates the wood;

No. 132 Green H’eathered Oak

does not raise the No. 121 Moss Green

No. 122 Forest Green

grain; retains the high lights and brings out ¥% 272 Flemish Oat

the beauty of the wood.

No. 178 Brown Flemish Oak
No. 120 Fumed Oak

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

will not scratch or mar. It should be applied with a cloth; dries instantly <>
—rubbing with a dry cloth gives a velvety protecting finish of great
beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes. OS

We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax WL Be”
at our expense, Fill out attached coupon being careful to specify
We will mail you the booklet — <O
Do not pass this page until you have

the shades of dye wanted.
and samples promptly,
mailed the coupon.

Sean
RY oS ST
< x

oe s
Fe ee
wr anh

S. C. JOHNSON & SON

Racine, Wis.

“The Wood Finishing Authorities’’

from a photograph of an average Yama Black Minorca Egg.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Do you want to produce 4)
on your farm the largest |
hen’s eggs known?

Yama Black Minorcas

will do it

34 ounces to the dozen. ounces to the dozen.

OME YEARS AGO WE WERE PERHAPS WHERE
YOU ARE TODA Y—what kind of chickens to keep—
and where to get a start with the right kind. We have

tested seven varieties, have had our experiences—and for eggs
Black Minorca. They have all the good qualities of the egg
laying varieties of chickens (non-setters, etc.) and the size of
the birds themselves makes them more desirable for the table
than the usual small egg layers. They have one of the longest
breasts of any variety, which insures an extra amount of
white meat.

Yama Black Minorcas are the Aristocrats

of the Poultry World

We have a thousand females—every one a beauty—and for our breed-
ing pens we have selected about two hundred, including all our prize
winners. Last season we did not care to sell eggs from our prize stock—
now we are ready to give you the very best to be had in Minorca blood.
$10 for a setting of 15 eggs. Carefully packed. Infertile eggs replaced.

WE NEVER BRED A HEN THAT .WAS WORTH $10,000.00
and never expect to—BUT—we do win first prizes wherever shown.

Twice we have exhibited our Minorcas in Madison Square Garden,
New York, and won—

In 1910—FIRST PEN.

In 1911—FIRST PEN—FIRST COCK—SECOND HEN—THIRD
PULLET—FIFTH and SIXTH COCKERELS—and the competition
there is the keenest, you know. Send for Mating List.

YAMA FARMS Yama-no-uchi, Napanoch, N. Y.

NEWTON COSH, Manager Poultry Department

Reterences: Security Bank, New York; First National Bank, Ellenville, N. Y.

From a photograph of the average first-class egg.

as &

March, 1912

expedite the cleaning of the house as well as
the work of covering the bottom with fresh
sand. Poultry-house doors should always
be built to swing out; otherwise the ac-
cumulation of litter within will make neces-
sary a wide board at the bottom over which
the attendant will have to step every time he
enters and which will interfere with the
use Of a wheelbarrow. When there is a
door between two pens it should swing
both ways in order to have it most con-
venient and it is well to have such doors
also wide enough to permit the passage of a
wheelbarrow.

HINTS ON HOUSE FLOORING AND
INTERIOR FINISH

EW parts of the house attract more
attention than do well finished floors
and fine trim. This article will give infor-
mation as to the best woods to use for the
different rooms both for the floors and the
finish, and will also tell in language which
can be understood by the non-technical
reader how flooring and interior finish is
sawed ; for the manner in which it is sawed
makes a vast difference as to its wearing
qualities in either case, and also in the ap-
pearance of the finished material.
QUARTERED OR PLAIN TRIM AND FLOORING.
There is a large difference between
“plain” and “quartered” material. I knew
a man who greatly admired oak as a wood
for flooring and interior finish. When he
built his house he specified “oak” finish
for a number of the rooms; and also for
those same rooms “oak flooring.” He was
very much disappointed when the house
was completed to discover that he had in
both instances “plain oak.” Let me ex-
plain what is meant by “quartered.” It re-
fers to the manner in which the wood is
sawed. It is beyond the scope of this article,
as I explained in the introduction, to go
into technicalities, so I will simply state
that “quartered” material allows the beauty
of the grain to show, and its wearing quali-
ties are much increased. My friend who
ordered “oak finish and flooring” did not
know of the different methods of sawing,
and he also did not know that “red”? and
“white” oak can be purchased. Conse-
quently when he specified “oak finish and
flooring” he used very indefinite language,
and “plain” trim and flooring were given
him. He should have ordered for both
trim and flooring, “quartered white oak
flooring and trim” ; and if he were willing to
pay for the best possible material, he should
have further specified that it should be free
from all defects. Such material is usually
called “clear,” and is the best obtainable.
When you order be sure to settle these
points; 1f you do not you will undoubtedly
receive the less expensive kind, as my
friend did.
OTHER WOODS USED FOR FLOORING AND TRIM.
Another friend had in his specifications
that all the floors in the house he was build-
ing were to be “North Carolina pine.” But
it was not stated that the “rift” or “comb
grain’ flooring was to be used, consequently
when the flooring began to wear he found
that he had been given what is known as
“flat” flooring. If he had purchased the
“rift,” or “comb grain” as it is also some-
times called, he would have had material
which would not have “checked” and made
dangerous splinters, which are likely to
cause injury to the occupants of the house
in addition to spoiling the appearance of
the flooring. Like the “quartered” oak we
just mentioned such flooring is sawed in a
manner so that this will not happen. It is
by far the wisest plan to purchase such
flooring, for the additional cost will soon

March, 1912

Strength and Durability are essential qualities
of garden furniture. Galloway ,roductions com-
bine these qualities with beauty of design. Send
for catalogue of Sun Dials, Flower Pots, Boxes,

- Vases and other Garden Furniture.

GALLOWAY TERRA-COTTA CO.
3222 Walnut Street Philadelphia

Books/for House Owners
and Garden Enthusiasts

Let’s Make a Flower Garden
By Hanna Rion

If you like to dig in the spring and you find it a
real pleasure to put on your old clothes, get out
a spade, and turn over damp clods of the re-
awakening soil, you will find this the greatest
source of inspiration and at the same time the
most valuable book you ever read in its wealth of
practical suggestion. Fully illustrated with pho-
tographs and with decorations by Frank Ver Beck.

Price $1.35 net, postage 14 cents.

The Half-Timber House
By Allen W. Jackson

Those to whom the half-timber style appeals as
the ideal of the home will find this book a mine
of information regarding the style, how and where
it originated, and its chief characteristics in con-
struction and detail. This book will prevent the
making of mistakes in planning and building
such a house. It is, moreover, written in a very
entertaining manner. Fully illustrated. Price
$2 00 net, postage 20 cents.

Making Making
A Rose A Lawn

Garden

By Henry H. Saylor Bi Ds WIIG
This is the first of a
practical line of books
in the House and
Garden Making Series.
Its title tells just what
the book holds. Price
50 cents net, postage
5 cents.

Here are given simple,
succinct directions for
making just the sort of
a lawn that you would
like to have in front of
your house. There is
no other book devoted
to this subject. Price
50 cents net, postage
5 cents.

Inexpensive Homes of Individuality
Second and enlarged edition.

This volume is published in response to the con-
stant demand for pictures and floor plans of the
best homes of moderate size being built to-day.
It is full of the greatest amount of suggestion for
the prospective builder. There is an introduction
by Frank Miles Day and a discussion of costs by
Aymar Embury, II. Price 75 cents net, postage
8 cents.

ESS ES STEPS i Ba
Send for Catalogue

McBride, Nast & Co., publishers
Union Square, New York

be made up in the increased wearing quali-
ties. Remember also that you must specify
what grade material, whether trim or floor-
ing, because like all oak woods, no matter
what varieties, they come in different grades,
according to quality.

WHAT WOODS TO USE FOR DIFFERENT ROOMS.

Oak may be used to advantage in the hall,
for trim, flooring, and also the stairs. It
is a good wood for the dining-room and the
library, as its color usually harmonizes with
the decorations generally found in these
rooms. The parlor orreception-room in many
houses is trimmed with a wood which has
been white enameled. The floor in the kitchen
and nursery and butler’s pantry may well be
laid with maple flooring. This wood will
stand hard usage and is not expensive. Use
“comb grained” Yellow or North Carolina
pine for rooms upstairs where you wish
to have a good, sound, inexpensive floor
which can be varnished. These woods can
also be used in the bathroom if you do not
have a tiled floor, or you can use maple
instead of them. J do not mention the
fancy hardwoods such as are sometimes used
in very expensive houses, for these are
seldom found in the average home. Floor
varnishes have been now brought to such
a state of perfection that a painted floor
is a rare sight indeed. Trim is also not
painted as a rule. White pine is becoming
so expensive for the “clear” grades that
cypress, chestnut, etc., are being used in-
stead for trim and doors. If you order
doors from a distance be sure and specify
that they shall be oiled one coat before
leaving the factory. This protects them
during the journey and if it is not done
they will be likely to be injured by dust
and dirt.

PARQUET FLOORING; WHEN IT CAN BE USED
TO ADVANTAGE.

Parquet flooring can be used to advan-
tage especially in an old house, for it is so
thin a material that it can be used in one
room and not in the next; a person stepping
from one room to the other does not notice
the slight variation in the floor surface.
You must have a sound, level floor to lay
it upon. Many new houses have it in rooms
on the first floor. It need not have intri-
cate patterns in its design. Some of the
neatest I have seen have been plain in the
entire center; a narrow band of a different
colored wood making a handsome border,
and at the corners this strip widens into
an effective corner piece.

THICKNESS OF FLOORING, DOORS, TRIM, ETC.,
SHOULD ALWAYS BE SPECIFIED WHEN
PLACING AN ORDER.

Always specify the thickness of any floor-
ing, trim or stair material when you place
your order. Flooring is made also in differ-
ent widths, according to the price. When
you order doors specify the thickness.
Many people do not know these points and
so often obtain unsatisfactory goods. It is
a difficult matter to insert locks in doors
which are not of sufficient thickness. When
you obtain an estimate on parquet flooring
find out what thickness of material will be
given you if you place the order. Asa rule
closet doors are only molded in the panels
on the outside. This makes a saving, and
it is really unnecessary to have molding on
the inside of a closet door.

USE ONLY THOROUGHLY DRY MATERIAL FOR
TRIM AND FOR FLOORING.

You should obtain material for flooring,
trim and doors which has been thoroughly
dried before the wood is worked. If it is
not, the flooring will shrink, causing cracks
to appear between the joints; and the doors
will get out of shape; as will also the trim.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv

Our Barred
Plymouth
Rocks

AST Fall we purchased
all the Barred Rocks
of the ‘‘PINE TOP

POULTRY FARM.” They
have behind them twelve
years of careful and skilful
breeding. There are about
five hundred splendid fe-
males, besides cocks and
cockerels that rank among
the best.

Mr. Newton Cosh, who
was with Gardiner & Dun-
ning, of Auburn, when their
Barred Rocks were unsur-
passed, and who went from
there to the ‘‘Owen Farms,”’
has accepted the position of
Manager here. Mr. Cosh
has bred some of the best
Barred Rocks ever shown.

Mr. Cosh has mated our pens
for 1912 and we believe we shall
produce better birds than ever.
We have enough so that we can
sell eggs for hatching from any
or all of our pens. $3 for 15
eggs—$15 per hundred.

This is our offer for our first
year in Barred Rocks. We don’t
believe you can get YAMA
quality for that price anywhere
else. Even if you only want
utility birds, why not have good
ones at such prices—fine, even
barring, way to the skinP

Send for catalogue; we
don’t issue a big one
but what we say in our
little one is straight.

YAMA FARMS

NEWTON COSH
Manager Poultry Department
Yama-no-uchi, Napanoch, N. Y.

References: Security Bank, New York
First National Bank, Ellenville, N. Y.

as &

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

NEW YORK

Brightwaters

BAY SHORE, L. I.

Nature Lovers’ Paradise
ACKERSON HOUSES
Bungalows, Chalets and Cottages
A gentleman's country private estate consisting of
1300 acres converted into a ; .
High-Class Suburban Residential Park
The five spring-fed lakes, winding drives and walks,
private yacht harbor 175 feet wide, | mile long, extend-
ing from Great South Bay to the heart of the property,
white sandy bathing beaches and pavilion, recreation
casino, floral plazas and numerous other attractive

features make
Brightwaters

The Master Development of Long Island __
Write for Album of Snap Shots No. E, and price list
T. oe Fe Oe i . i
Devel £ Choi roperty and builders of houses of meri
is sac West. 34th Street, New York

CONNECTICUT

50 2 miles from the village of
| Farm Acres GREENWICH, CONN.

City Water and electric lights available, service passes property.
High Elevation, Woods, Stream (easy, with slight expense, to make
a beautiful lake), Choice Location, Surrounded by Handsome
Estates and Select People. Adjoining Land Held at Double My
Figures. These 50 Acres Are Now Offered at $600
Per Acre and it is a Bargain.

“‘Action’” 23, Office ‘American Homes and Gardens, 361
Broadway, New York.

Surf Bathing at Ocean Beach

Ocean Beach, Fire Island

We sell the things that improve the health
and increase the wealth of human happiness.
What are they?>—Good air, pure water, surf

bathing, still-water bathing, fishing, shooting,
boating, cool refreshing ocean breezes and
Seashore Lots at Ocean Beach, Fire
Island. Price $150, per lot and up-
ward. Furnished cottages and bunga-
lows to rent. Illustrated descriptive
booklet free. Write us today. Ocean
Beach Improvement Co., John A.
Wilbur, President, 334 Fifth Ave.,
New York, N. Y.

Stucco Cement Bungalow, 4 Rooms, $600

)MONTCLAIR, N. J.

home hotel for the family, the business man and any
one desiring a residence within an hour from New
- York and enjoy the delights of country eleva-

tion, rest and environments.
clair Hotel offers.

This is what the Mont-

It is operated on the American

plan, has grillroom with facilities for private parties,
banquets, dances under the direction of T. Edmund
Krumbholz of the Kirkwood, Camden,

-\ S.C. and the Sagamore, on Lake George.
Mr. R. C. Millard, Resident Manager, will

reply to all inquiries and call upon request.

COLLECTING ANTIQUES

By EDWARD M. THURSTON
fener collectors often labor under

the impression that the day for obtain-
ing treasures has passed—that everything
worth having was long ago “collected” and
that nothing but trash remains to be dis-
covered. This, however, is a mistaken im-
pression. We sometimes hear of a fortu-
nate individual who has acquired some
beautiful and valuable possession for an in-
significant fraction of its real value, and
while such an opportunity is, of course, now
very rare, not so commonly to be met with
as in earlier days, real treasures are con-
stantly being found where least expected.

Some one has said that almost every
household article, not worn out by use,
comes into the market once approximately
in every fifty years, either by private or by
public disposition. Instances are on record
of a man’s placing an order at Christie’s,
the famous London art auction-rooms, for a
certain picture or piece of porcelain when
it should be brought for sale to that great
clearing house of the world’s artistic treas-
ures. In America in this day of removals
and domestic changes, of the sudden rise
and decline of fortunes and of sweeping
changes in tastes and hobbies, the tenure
of one’s possessions is perhaps, compara-
tively brief, so that the most interesting and
valuable art objects such as we call
“antiques” are constantly to be had. Some
years ago a man was exploring a little shop
in a western city where most of the things
on sale were the work of Indians. Among
the old pottery, bead work, feather head-
dresses and antiquated bows and arrows, he
discovered an old painting upon wood, com-
pletely hidden beneath the dust and grime
of the place. He succeeded in obtaining
this panel for a few dollars. Upon carrying
it home a very careful cleaning showed it
to be a most beautiful and wonderful
picture of an ecclesiastical subject, painted
by an early Spanish master. One could
easily account for its reaching the Indian
missions of the early California days and its
chancing to be discarded, as time passed,
eventually coming into the possession of
some one who could not know its value.

A very worn and dim old Russian icon
was once picked up in a small shop, this
time in New York. The necessary clean-
ing proved it to be of silver gilt, with the
flesh parts painted in the stiff and Byzantine
manner still obtaining in Russia, though
this proved to be an early example and of
great value. A particularly beautiful old
fender was once rescued by the writer from
the dust and cobwebs of an old shop in
Conti Street, New Orleans, a fender which
had so fallen from its high estate that it
had been covered with green paint and it
required a prodigious scouring and cleaning
with acids to restore its original beauty of
line and polish. From an auction of old
household effects there came a most inter-
esting old tea set of white and gold. Many
plates, cups and saucers were missing, but
the chief pieces were uninjured and there
were enough of these to complete a service
for seven or eight, and the writer has since
had the pleasure of browsing around an-
tique shops with the extraordinarily suc-
cessful result of coming across three addi-
tional cups and saucers of the same pattern.

A New York collector has been many
years collecting unusual bottles. His as-
sortment now consists of several hundred
pieces of every imaginable material and he
says that many of his most valued treasures
have come from the antique shops of Bos-
ton, New York and Philadelphia—places

March, 1912

WiC AN AOMES “AND GARDENS vil

where one would suppose everything of
value had long ago been picked up.

A department store is almost the last
place in which one would expect to find
antique treasures sold at small prices, but
several such establishments in various
American cities now have “antique depart-
ments” where really beautiful things may
be found. The buyers for these depart-
ments search the old cities of Europe and
knowing commercial values they buy these
things just as they would buy linens or
linoleum at extremely low prices. Their
system demands only a moderate margin
of profit, so it is really a fact that one may
purchase his treasures of furniture, metal
and glass, and even paintings in these de-
partments for much less than he might pay
for them in old shops of Italy, France, or
Spain. Of course, much of the interest of
collecting is lost where one does not make
his own “finds,” for that 1s the collector's
chief pleasure in the pursuit.

IDEAS WHICH ADD BEAUTY AND
COMFORT TO THE HOME

By CHARLES K. FARRINGTON

T is best to have your architect draw your

stairs upon your plans. Then you and
your builder can see clearly what is
planned for. This will prevent what is
most annoying—a stairs so planned that it
is practically impossible to carry any large
piece of furniture up its steps. Every de-
tail should be carefully noted beforehand
in getting up a set of plans and specifica-
tions, and if they are shown graphically,
so much the better.

Watch also that the third story hall,
and rooms can be constructed as drawn
I have known many instances where it was
impossible to construct them as shown in
the plans. I especially remember one in-
stance where the builder followed out the
plans to the letter, and then it was discov-
ered that the hall would not allow a person
of ordinary height to pass through it with-
out stooping.

Do not forget to plan for a piazza rail.
The houses planned without it have a very
unfinished look. It also secures more pri-
vacy for the people sitting upon the p‘azza.
It will astonish the average person to note
the vast difference the addition of some sim-
ple sort of a rail will make in the appear-
ance of any home.

Bay windows on the first floor if they
project out from the foundation should be
supported in some way. Brick piers are he-
ing used to-day with good results. If the
bay window supports a portion of the sec-
ond story, it is very essential to have a
firm foundation for it. I came across a
first floor bay window the other day in
which was placed a heavy heating radiator.
The weight of this and the lack of a proper
foundation caused much difficulty and ex-
pense in making proper repairs after it had
sunk.

Use a “hood” over your kitchen range,
if it is not set partly in the chimney. A
ventilator under the hood will allow much
warm air to pass out and so make the
kitchen a great deal more comfortable in
the Summer time. Such an arrangement is
well worth the extra cost. :

Some houses nowadays have only a gas
range for the cooking for both Summer
and Winter. If yours is so be sure and
provide a connection with your furnace for
heating the kitchen in the Winter time. A
gas range throws out so little heat into the
room that it is necessary to have some addi-
tional warmth on cold Winter days. Also
at night when the range is not used you

: O single detail of architecture
is more important than the
hardware. It attracts the

eye strongly because in color and
material it furnishes the element
of contrast. This makes harmony
very essential or the whole effect
of the building is spoiled.

Sargent designs include types
peculiarly appropriate to every
period and school of architecture.
They are true to the source of
derivation, always artistic and
beautiful in themselves and never
extreme or grotesque.

Select Sargent Hardware and you
have a choice of designs that gives
wide latitude to personal preference
without overstepping the bounds
of harmony.

The Sargent Book
of Designs

illustrating many types suitable for residences,
is valuable to anyone who will build or remodel.
A complimentary copy will be mailed you on
request. Our Colonial Book will also be included
if you mention an interest in that period.

SARGENT & COMPANY
-156 Leonard St., New York

GARBAGE RECEIVER

has been in practical use. The only sanitary method of caring
for garbage, deep in the ground in metal receiver holding heavy
galvanized bucket with bail.

== No Freezing
No Odors

Opens With the Foot--Your
Health Demands It

cl—Send for Circular

C. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer

21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass.

Van Dorn
Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
AWN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

Mprsce tay aw

National Photo-
Engraving
Company

@ Designers and
Engravers for all
Artistic, Scientific
and Illustrative
Purposes :-: :-:

Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens"

14-16-18 Reade St., New York

fie

flue ees eras OM NE ty wo

viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG,“HOME HEATING”

OT-\WATER HEATED *

T DREWSS SY. TEM

: by AN 2 EACH
S Se ae

af i is

: 5

AVERAGE/PRICE 9198

J
THE ANDREWS “IDEA” BRINGS EFFICIENCY and ECONOMY
Geo. C, Andrews, mechanical engineer, after spending many years at all branches of the
heating business, resolved first that he would perfect a Hot Water Heating Plant of greater
heating power, better and less expensive than any on the market; second, that he would sell it
ready to erect—pipes all reamed and cut to fit, etc., with full instructions, so that any man handy
with tools could put it in himself and save the plumber'’s profit, if he sochose. It is also installed
by dealers. The success of Mr. Andrews’ ‘‘idea’’ is attested by the immense growth of his
business in thirteen years and by the army of satisfied customers in every state in the union.
. ° ° ceeae
Andrews We do it right in 44 States Regurgitating
Engineers 9 e Safety Valve
vevveteet 360 Days Free Iria a
ability in the This Safety
heating line— Valve is an An- :
. experts who do Guaranteed by Bond drews patent. It is so effective |
Pint Ay nothing but study the con- We Pay the Freight that it has brought out several unsatis-
ditions governing each job factory imitations. In very cold weather i
and design che plant (boiler, piping, it increases the capacity of piping, makes your radiators one-half
Geo. 6. radiators and all) to give the utmost hotter, and enables you to heat up your house evenly as quickly
Pea oeff . 25 Years’ Experience in the Cold as with steam, without steam plant disadvantages. Stops boiling
ie § No t in Contracting, Manufacturing and De- over.’’ Simple, automatic, safe.
|=) signing heating plants for all classes of buildings *
“| | from modern cottages to the largest public and Ke Eonee ia eat Boilers Pre 7
; private buildings enables them to design you a gee aera aT Hey Ss eee styles orcal 7
4 : a pa ci ie -ocomotive. | r nade entirely of stee ‘Ox
a plant with highest efficiency. plate like big power boilers. Their design SHOndgenioh more i
a | fire travel than other boilers and the intimate contact of fire i
a | eEetee Andrews and water enables them to heat quickly on a small amount 4%
ie Hired Man” Thermostat of fuel. The fire-pot is deep; combustion chamber is ample ]
~ . reacten for burning of gases; all parts and flues ore easily accessi-
This famous heat controller takes complete charge ble for cleaning, the grate is latest pattern, most efficient and f
of the dampers on your furnace or boiler. It wi durable. Read all about their fuel saving features in our big
é keep the temperature of your room at any ees free book on heating.
you wish to set it at. Guaranteed for life. Sold reg- . f
ularly at $20, but as a special 30 days’ feature, we Get Our FREE Estimate bey
te , offer it free to any one answering this ad and buy- Send us architect’s plans or a rough sketch of each of the
* ©) ing an Andrews Heating Plant. Clock attachment floors of the house you plan to heat, showing sizes, height of ceilings,
Rite $5.00 extra. See coupon. Set clock windows, doors, etc., and we will furnish you an estimate of the complete h
= attachinent for change in temperature cost of an Andrews plant designed by our Engineers to fit your exact
at any time and it will open or close conditions, and delivered freight prepaid at your nearest railroad station. iE
dampers a 2 rou desire. We always make special estimates for each job. Old houses are easily
arp aeny © equipped with our plants without defacing walls. }
- 4\ —_ = SS —
= 74(——— — ——_—_—_—_— = =
§ a See ERR... _ : Write Today For Our
j toed Plumbing, Water Supply, Sew-
E| : é on : ;\ age Disposal and Gas Lighting
Please send names of Two people who might buy
ee eee eee eee
Good For $20 Thermostat Free
If you buy an Andrews Heating P!ant or Boiler direct or
thru dealer in answer to this adv.
| Andrews Heating Co., : ;
‘ iy 2 ATING | 1238 Heating Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.
P | Please find enclosed rough sketch and sizes of floors, etc., in
OMPAN Y= my house, and I would like your Free Estimate and Big Book.
a
[See My Name....sccccccccvesscce eee ee cece erreecees oe
1238 Heating Bldg.,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. IAddressizisierscisiojore sisinvavatersiove\sisielevelers aisiatajavelsis(sloleisieis;otere
—— a

CONSULTING ENGINEERS

CTURERS CONTRACTORS

Let Me Help Build You
A ‘Fairyland’ Garden

Wyomissing Nurseries are a veritable fairy-
land to me—an enchanted spot wherein | con-
stent fan new joy and where life, to me and
to my dz2ar ones, takes on new brightness and
glory every day as new flower-wonders unfold.

A well-known author writes of my work:
‘* Bertrand H. Farr is a man of the Henry David
Thoreau type; only where Thoreau was content
to admire and describe, Mr. Farr must evolve
and make the beautiful even more beautiful.
Mr. Farr, like Thoreau, does live in a fairyland,”

“Farr’s Hardy Plants” —A
Book to Delight Your Heart
and convert you toa more passionate love for
the growing things. It will help you make

““fairylan of your own garden. | shall be
glad to send you a copy.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
643 E. Penn Street Reading, Pa.

"THE most modern, and best illuminating and

cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner —also_ makes brilliant illumination. IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo-
Liberal Terms tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

must heat the kitchen, for if you do not the
water in the boiler and pipes will freeze. A
better plan in the writer’s opinion is to have
a coal range and gas range, or a combina-
tion gas and coal range. The last men-
tioned range of course economizes space
and should therefore prove popular.

If you have stained glass planned for, be
sure and have specified the cost per square
foot. It comes at all prices, but you should
know what quality you are to have. Some
very neat designs can be had at a low price.

Bathtubs can now be purchased that have
the waste and the hot and cold water fau-
cets set in the side of them (of course the
side nearest the wall) and such an arrange-
ment is very satisfactory. If you desire
to change the temperature of the water after
you are in the tub you are saved the neces-
sity of reaching forward to the end of it,
which is often difficult to do. This device
is one of the many small details which are
being worked out in planning for comfort
in the bathroom these days, and which add
so much to the pleasure of the owner.

The writer often wonders how many
people plan their home with reference to
the prevailing breeze in the Summer time.
I saw a house the other day in which this
matter had received careful attention. Of
course the location, how the house faces,
etc., bear upon this matter, but it is often
possible to plan for a number of the rooms,
especially the bedrooms which are most
used, to face the quarter from which most
of the Summer breezes come. Try also to
have the living-room and the dining-room
to face such a direction.

Do not place your bathroom over a vesti-
bule or a piazza, as | sometimes find it. It
will be difficult to heat such a room, and
there will be great danger of the water in
the pipes freezing in the Winter time.

Always plan to have your heating radia-
tors set in the coldest part of each room.
If so placed the heat will be more agree-
able to the occupants of the house. Careful
planning beforehand will enable you to do
this, and the necessary time to do so will
be well spent.

Hot air registers can now be obtained to
set in the wall instead of the floor. Such a
location seems far better in most instances,
as the registers do not then interfere with
rugs laid on the floor, and also do not fill
up so with dust when sweeping is being
done.

Radiators painted black are now much
used, and do not discolor and tarnish as do
the ones painted with “gold” and “silver”
paint. They are attractive, and the color
harmonizes with most of the interior deco-
rations now used. They are also said to
radiate more heat if painted black. They
are also much less conspicuous.

ROADSIDE FRUIT TREES

TTENTION is called in a recent con-
sular report to the thrifty plan follow-

ed in the province of Hanover, Ger-
many, of planting the roadsides with fruit
trees, the product of which is sold at auction
for the benefit of the local government, the
revenue thus obtained going a long wav to-
ward the upkeep of the roads. Hanover has
some 7,000 miles of country highways thus
bordered. This year some of the roads yield-
ed a revenue, from this source, at the rate of
$595 a mile. The fruit is protected by law,
and during the season of ripening the roads
are patroled by sharp-eyed watchmen, on
bicycles, so that little if any of the fruit is

| diverted from its proper destination.

March, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix

HINTS ON USING COPPER ON OUT-
SIDE BUILDING WORK
By A. C. VARIAN

OPPER is being very largely used

these days instead of tin and galvanized
iron for outside building work. Cornices,
gutters, valleys, leaders, etc., are made of
it, and it should prove very satisfactory
for such purposes, as it resists to a remark-
able degree the harmful attacks of time and
weather. But experience has shown that it
cannot always be used in the same manner
as tin and galvanized iron, on account of
its being so much more susceptible of ex-
pansion and contraction than they are. The
usual method in using it has been to place
it in position in exactly the same way as
if tin or galvanized iron were being em-
ployed. But certain defects soon develop
if such a course is followed. This article
will not enter into technicalities, as that
would be beyond its scope, but it will state
in simple language some ideas which if used
will enable the work to be accomplished in
so efficient a manner that it will last for
a long time. For the convenience of the
reader the writer has divided the article into
sections, each with an appropriate title.
COPPER IS A FAR SOFTER MATERIAL THAN

EITHER TIN OR GALVANIZED IRON.

Copper is a far softer material than tin
or galvanized iron. This means that it
must be carefully protected while it is being
put up, and also after the work is finished.
A blow that would not injure tin or galvan-
ized iron, will often seriously damage cop-
per. lf outside copper gutters are used,
it is best to have the outer edge made with
an iron rod. This will afford some protec-
tion in case the gutter is struck by a ladder.
or otherwise subjected to an unusual strain.
It will also stiffen the gutter and render it
more durable. The expense is not large
to add the rod when the gutter is being
constructed.

DO NOT USE COPPER WHICH IS TOO THIN.

As copper is so much more expensive
than either tin or galvanized iron, it
is often made in a very thin form, the idea
being that as it will not rust, it will last a
long time, even though it has not much
thickness. But this theory has frequently
been carried to the extreme in practice, and
some valleys, gutters, etc., have been con-
structed of copper which will not last.
Specify the thickness (or weight) of any
copper that you may wish used on your
buildings, and do not for a small saving
use too thin a material. It may prove
costly in the end.

HOW TO AVOID THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION.

As I mentioned at the beginning of this
article, copper is very susceptible of expan-
sion and contraction. All outside work is
necessarily subjected to extremes of heat
and cold. Picture for yourself a metal roof
in the bright sunlight, on a hot Summer’s
day when the mercury stands at ninety or
ninety-five degrees in the shade. Think
how much heat it will absorb, especially if
it is made of copper. Then also consider
how much expansion there will be during
the day, but remember in addition, that
when the roof cools during the night there
must be much contraction. All copper
roofs are subjected to much strain from
stich causes. Let us now consider how a
copper roof may be laid so as to make it
as durable as possible.

COPPER ROOFING.

I have already said that copper cannot be
used to advantage for some purposes in
the same way that tin or galvanized iron
could be. This especially applies to copper
roofs. When they are constructed in the

OOTs
Too

Should

a in
a

WHETHER your floors are old or new, of
soft wood or hard, painted or unpainted,
stained or unstained, or covered with linoleum or oil-
cloth, you can easily keep them in a beautiful, bright,
sanitary condition with Z

STANDARD VARNISH WORKS

PLASTICA
J rane EY

FLOOR FINISH

Look for the Trade-mark on a Yellow Label. All others are imitations

The One Perfect Floor Varnish

ELASTICA is especially intended for use on wood floors, oilcloth
and linoleum. By following the directions on each can of ELASTICA,
you can easily secure a beautiful, sanitary, faultless surface which

defies the hardest sort of wear—a floor which is heel proof, caster

proof and “boy proof.”
SEND FOR BOOK 94

“How to Finish Floors””—Home Edition. Profusely illustrated, rich
in suggestions for making and keeping floors beautiful. Also, ask
_ for a set of exquisitely colored postcards showing handsome in-
terior, which will be sent with our compliments. Address

STANDARD VARNISH

29 Broadway, New York, 2620 Armour Avenue,
Chicago. Ill., 301 Mission St., San Francisco,
Cal., or International Varnish Co.,

Ltd., Toronto, Canada

»Camden, S.C.

OR the winter months, December to May offer a climate
unsurpassed in the middle South among the pines, the long
leaf kind of South Carolina, dry sandy soil and health-giving at-
mosphere, one can play golf, tennis and ride or drive every day.
The hotel, a first-class American plan more like a home of re-
finement and in a true southern town, colonial homes
and gardens, that and more is what we offer.

T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ

Of the Sagamore on Lake George and the
ontclair, New Jersey

hE L
ae:

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

La OL eee
EI Bldccell favene A ower Se

oti
AL

=
iM

ace

THESE MACHINES ARE USED ON MANY OFTHE LEADING
GOLF COURSES 22 PUBLIC PARKS THROUGHOUT THE
UNITED STATES. THEY IMPROVE 270 BEAUTIFY THE
LAWN AS NO OTHER MACHINE CAN azo AT MUCH LESS COST.

Jend for Catalogue

satan vrs hearse TT NTT

ll ue

‘i

im i
OT aT TOT mmm CT

LANE BROS. CO., Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Vewburoh, VY ea
eae, ee

Are the easiest running,
most nearly noiseless,
strongest, as well as the
most durable hanger on
the market to-day. For
twenty-five years univer-
sally recognized in the
Building Trade as the
very best Hanger made.
Get our catalog of other
goods.

March, 1912

same manner as a tin or galvanized iron
roof, they “‘buckle.” This is caused on ac-
count of no provision having been made
for expansion and contraction. To con-
struct a durable copper roof, small strips
should be soldered to the sheets, and the
strips alone nailed to the roof. The sheets
are bent on the edges so as to fit into the
sheets next to them. Of course, the strips
allow considerable expansion and contrac-
tion to take place without injury to the
roof. This method has been tested over
and over again and has not failed, while
copper roofs tightly fastened down, with
no such provision for changes in the tem-
perature of the metal, buckled outwardly
in hot weather. Then when contraction
took place, the metal was subjected to a
great strain, and in time a crack formed,
and the water could leak through. It is a
very expensive matter to repair such roofs.
COPPER VALLEYS.

Instead of soldering sheets together to
form valleys, the sheets should simply lap
over one another at the joints. This
method will prevent the harmful effects of
expansion and contraction. <A _ perfectly
tight valley results from placing the ma-
terial in this manner. It is also a very ex-
pensive matter to renew valleys, and it is
best to construct them properly at the start.

COPPER LEADERS.

On account of their construction copper
leaders are not injured by expansion and
contraction. It is obvious that if they ex-
pand outwardly or contract inwardly, the
only difference is that they are of a slightly
different diameter.

COPPER GUTTERS.

Outside copper gutters are not affected
by expansion or contraction. This is of
course due to the way they are built. “In-
side” or “trough” gutters if made of cop-
per, especially if they are long, are affected
by changes of temperature, and tend to
“buckle.” It would seem wise not to use
copper for such gutters, but to use the best
quality of tin. On the writer’s house, gut-
ters so constructed of tin have been in use
for over twenty years and are in good shape
to-day. Of course they have been kept
carefully painted.

CONCLUSION.

In conclusion the writer trusts that what
he has written may enable those who use
copper to secure the best results. The great
increase in the use of the material for the
purposes mentioned in this article, and the
apparent lack of knowledge on the part of
many of its users as to the best methods
of employing it, led him to think such in-
formation was needed.

SS)

NINETEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH CERAMIC
Art. By J. F. Blacker. Boston: Little;
Brown & Company. Cloth; 8vo. Price,
$3.50 net.

The collector of old English pottery and
china and all others interested in ceramic
arts have long needed a volume that is at
once a practical guide combined with a his-
tory in pictures of the work of the old
master potters. Mr. Blacker, who is one
of the best authorities on the subject, here
presents concisely the story of the great in-
dustry represented by such old-fashioned
potters as the Adams, Copelands, Mintons,
Wedgewoods, Hadley and Linthorpe, as
well as those of more recent date. The
numerous illustrations, all carefully — se-

lected, present nearly every type and form
' of pattern, from the blue printed English

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi

and American scenery to the most elabo-
rate painting, gilding and modeling, the
masterpieces of the later potters. No col-
lector can afford to be without Mr. Black-
er’s new book, which is the first in the Nine-
teenth Century Historical Art Series issued
by the publishers.

VENICE AND VENETIA. By Edward Hut-
ton. New York: The Macmillan Com-
pany. 1911: Cloth; 16mo.; Illustrated ;
324 pp. Price, $2.00 net.

Mr. Hutton is one of the best travel
writers of the day, that is to say one of
the best writers about places, people and
things of interest to one who longs to travel
either for the first time or to retrace his
steps over foreign paths. In his present vol-
ume the author treats of an old subject in
his own delightful manner, making the book
profitable to read as well as entertaining.
After all every man’s point of view about
the foreign cities he visits is different and
it is thoroughly interesting to read what
every good writer has to say about the
towns and countries he is visiting. To this
Mr. Hutton’s sympathetic story of Venice
is no exception, and the illustrations in the
book lend much to its attractiveness.

FLORENCE AND Her Treasures. By Her-
bert Vaughn. New York: The Macmil-
lan Company. 1911: Flexible cloth;
16mo.; 379 pp. Price, $1.75 net.

Of handbooks to Florence there are no
end, but few of them since Ruskin set the
pace with his “Stones of Florence” have
been written with more well-directed en-
thusiasm than the present volume, which
everyone who has visited Florence or in-
tends to visit Florence should possess. The
arrangement and typography of Mr.
Vaughn’s handbook are excellent and the
half-tone illustrations superior to those that
usually accompany volumes of this char-
acter. One wishes the index might have
been more extensive, but it is probable that
a longer one would have added too much
to the bulk of a book now of convenient
size for carrying in the pocket.

Tue CIvILIzATION OF CHINA. By H. A.
Giles. New York: Henry Holt and Com-
pany. Cloth; 16mo.; 256 pp. Price, 50
cents net.

Tue Dawn oF History. By J. L. Myres.
New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Cloth; 16mo.; 256 pp. Price, 50 cents
net.

MepievaL Europe. By H. W. C. Davis.
New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Cloth; 16 mo.; 256 pp. Price, 75 cents
net.

These three excellent volumes of the
“Home University Library” are presented
in a form that especially commends the
entire series of many titles, comprising a
wide range of subjects of timely import-
ance and of wide interest by authorities.

Titles similar to that borne by the Home
University Library have been often used
for reprints and rehashes of antiquated
books and for various brands of dessicated
brain food. This series is quite the oppo-
site of such. These are all new books by
living men and women, who are vitally in-
terested in their topics.

In “The Civilization of China” by H. A.
Giles, one has an entrancing book—a vivid
sketch of Chinese life by one who knows it
well and admires the remarkable gifts of
the Chinese people. All sides of life in the
Flowery Empire, which the author calls the
“greatest republic the world has ever seen,”
are touched upon with a light and easy pen.

Many of refined taste who appreciate its artistic qualities as well
as the comfort and durability it offers, are adopting it generally.
Rustic Hickory is also the ideal furniture for Golf and Country
Clubs, Fashionable Resorts, Roof Gardens, Bungalows, Studios,
Cottages, Porches, Parks, Lawns, etc. Itisstrictlyin keeping with
nature and greatly adds to the beauty of the surroundings.
E COo.,

equipped to serve you.

ET us help you with the interior of your home.
Whether it be of the most elegant and sumptu-
ous type, or of moderate cost we are peculiarly

We offer you this service in whole or in part.
highest character available in this country.

Especially do we emphasize TOBEY HANDMADE FURNITURE,

which is intended to express our ideals of what fine furniture shou'd be.

Rustic Hickory Furniture for Country Home

Made in one hundred or more styles of Chairs, Rockers, Settees,
Tables, Swings, Couches, Tabourets, Lawn Seats, Rustic Benches,
Hanging Baskets, Lawn Vases, Pergolas, Window Boxes, Fences,
Summer Houses, Sideboards, Costumers, and avariety of other pieces.

Price is so reasonable most anyone can afford it. Ask your
dealer and if he cannot supply you write tous. Catalogue free.
ST

Our service, in our most successful work, begins with
co-operation in the early planning; includes the design-
ing and supervising of the plasters, floors and wood trim,
and the complete handling of the surface decorations,
hangings, fabrics, rugs and furniture.

We believe it of the

The illustration 1s a reproduction of a photograph of the dining-room in
the beautiful residence of Mr. O. C. Barber, Barberton, Ohio.

THE TOBEY FURNITURE COMPANY

NEW YORK—Eleven West Thirty-Second Street
CHICAGO—Wabash Avenue and Washington Street

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Madam, you need
not fear to let the
sun shine through
these draperies.

Constant exposure to the strong-
F=#| est sunlight cannot dim the beau-
} - tiful colorings in Orinoka-Sunfast

Drapery Fabrics, nor will wash-

ing fade them. A “money-back”
guarantee of this accompanies
every yard you purchase.

GUARANTEED

Fabrics

for Draperies and Coverings

are the only drapery fabrics that
can be so guaranteed. With
this very pronounced advantage
they combine beauty and variety
of weaves, colorings and designs
in unsurpassed degree.

seats or upholsteries, there are fabrics
in this complete line to meet every re-
quirement and gratify the nicest taste.

1
Sold by leading stores everywhere, 5
ies:

For curtains and hangings, window rs
i

and distinguished by the Orinoka-

Sunfast guarantee tag on every bolt.

The Orinoka Mills

PHILADELPHIA
NEW YORK

CHICAGO
SAN FRANCISCO

fe ivinaap i hi
bah atte ;

>) FuNTS Fine Furnirure 4
Ge, So Perfect and So Peerless in,

CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY
FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS
Prices marked in plain figures
will always be found EXCEED-
INGLY LOW when compared
with the best value obtainable
elsewhere

Geo. C. Funt Co.

4a-47West 23° St. 24-28 West 24"St.

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CO.

SOLE Manuracturers ... NEW HAVEN, CONN.

In “The Dawn of History,” by J. L.
Myres, we have the first brief and simple
survey of the history of very early times.
The author, an eminent British scholar, who
has carried out many important anthropo-
logical and archeological researches, here
gives in simple form the most essential re-
sults of his travel and learning as to the
earliest human communities of Europe.

“Medieval Europe,” by H. W. C. Davis,
is a volume devoted to a fascinating subject.
Herein the author traces the anarchy that
accompanied the fall of the Roman Empire,
the ephemeral life of the barbarian king-
doms, the rise of the Empire and the new
monarchies between A.D, 800 and 1000, and
the later “Expansion of Europe.’ The
characteristics of feudalism and the medie-
val State, the vicissitudes of the Papal
Church, the Crusades, and the growth of
the free towns are discussed with great abil-
ity and fairness. Mr. Davis succeeds in
showing the greatness of the error which
misrepresented the centuries separating the
ancient and modern worlds as “a long night
of ignorance and force.”

One takes pleasure in endorsing all these
volumes of the series and can look forward
with anticipation to those that are to come.

THE ByZANTINE Empire. By Edward A.

Foord. New York: The Macmillan
Company. Cloth; 16mo.; Illustrated;
432 pp. Price, $2.00 net.

This volume is a thoroughly successful
attempt to supply the need of a short, popu-
lar history of the Later Roman Empire.
There has been no work of this sort on this
subject up to this time, available in the Eng-
lish language, the nearest approach being
Professor Oman’s sketch in Putnam’s
“Story of the Nations” series and the monu-
mental work of Gibbon, Bury, and Finlay,
“The Byzantine Empire,’ by the last
author being now obtainable in an expen-
sive and well-printed volume in Dent’s
“Everyman’s Library.” Mr. Foord’s book
concerns itself mainly with the Byzantine
Empire’s work as preserver of civilization
and rearguard of Europe, concerning itself
but little with ecclesiastical controversy, this
being, in the author’s opinion, entirely sec-
ondary in the matter in hand. On this point
the reviewer differs with Mr. Foord, never-
theless Mr. Foord’s volume is a valuable
handbook of the subject, adequately illus-
trated with maps and half-tones and tables,
and an index of names. Although the
student will find the book of service for its
clarity and brevity, the general reader, too,
will be glad to pick it up for the pleasure
to be had in reading this fascinating record
of one of the most interesting epochs of
history.

THE Book oF THE CoTTaGE GARDEN, by
Charles Thonger. New York: John Lane
Company. Cloth crown, 8vo. Illustrated,
91 pages. Price, $1.00 net.

Nowadays, a cottage in the country may
mean anything, from a six-roomed bunga-
low with a diminutive garden to a commo-
dious residence surrounded by extensive
grounds. But whatever its size, the garden
of the country cottage offers unique oppor-
tunities for the growing of flowers in good
and natural ways. A cottage garden filled
with hardy flowers is infinitely more satis-
fying than a group of gorgeous exotics
stiffly staged indoors. Therefore, the gar-
den lover will find Mr. Thonger’s book a
source of inspiration. Although originally
written for English readers, its various
chapters and fine illustrations contain a
great deal of matter every American gar-
den-beginner should know.

March, 1912

HE dangers from dust are too well
known for us to mention, but the
necessity of keeping your home and
its furnishings free from dust should
not be overlooked.

Our Santo Vacuum Cleaners are
made in various sizes and styles, both
Portable and Stationary Plants.
Efficiency and quality are the
foundation principles of: their con-
struction.

A Demonstration Will Prove
This Assertion

You can purchase a Santo Twin
Suction Sweeper (Electric)—a Santo
Hand Power Cleaner--a Santo Port-
able Electric Vacuum Cleaner—a
Santo Duplex Stationary Vacuum
Cleaning Plant. Prices ranging from

$35.00 to $300.00.

All Santo Vacuum Cleaners are manufac-
tured under our own patents and licensed
under basic ones.

Keller Manufacturing Co.
Department A. H.

Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Represented in nearly every large city

The Burlington Venetian Blind

will make your rooms shady and your porch cool and
comfortable. It can be raised or lowered at will,
and can be adjusted to any angle to suit the height of
the sun.

Enclose your porch and see what a change it will
make in your whole home. It will giye you a cozy,
secluded room, The air will circulate freely and you
will get all the advantages of open air; at the same
time you will not be subjected to an inquisitive public
gaze. The Burlington Venetian Blind will give youa
place to read, sew or entertain—a place for the children
to play, too.

Write for our illustrated booklet; it ©
will tell you about the various styles

Burlington Venetian Blind Co. ,339 Lake St.,Burlington, vt.

March, 1912

BOT

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Xili

ROSE GROWING FOR AMERICAN GARDENS AND
OTHER ATTRACTIVE FEATURES FOR THE
APRIL NUMBER

HE opening article for the April number of AMERICAN

YIOMES AND GARDENS will be from the pen of Mr. F. F.
Rockwell, one of the leading authorities in America on the
subject of gardening and horticulture. Mr. Rockwell pre-
sents a thoroughly practical and instructive survey of Rose
growing for everyone’s garden. Whether one has had ex-
perience in growing Roses in the home garden or looks for-
ward to taking up Rose culture for the first time, this article
will prove a valuable aid to him, its material being clearly
set forth. The article is exquisitely illustrated from photo-
graphs and by diagrams. No Rose lover can afford to miss this
number. AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for April will
contain two delightfully written articles on houses, one dat-
ing from Colonial times, filled with its original Colonial
furnishings, and the other a modern house patterned after
a famous Virginia manor and fitted with rare furnishings
collected by its owner. One of America’s foremost author-
ities on the house will contribute an article of intense interest
to every dweller in the country, and other special features
connected with architecture, interior decoration, the garden
and the housekeeping, all finely illustrated, will make the
April number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS a treas-
ure-trove of useful and delightful information within its field.

THE ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE EXHIBITION

HE Twenty-seventh Annual Exhibition of the Architec-

tural League of New York presented to the considera-
tion of its visitors the fact that year after year the League
exhibitions show a growing tendency to display less of what
is broadly termed architectural matter, and to give greater
attention to architecture’s accessory arts. ‘There is also a
marked tendency to include in these exhibitions works in
sculpture, which one feels would be more properly included
in the National Academy exhibitions, for instance. Of
course, every article of aesthetic or of utilitarian interest
produced has a direct or indirect bearing upon architectural
problems, yet one cannot but feel that the League exhibitions
would be more valuable in the long run if they clung more
closely to the problem of building design and of landscape
architecture.

In the present exhibition there seemed almost a paucity
of small house designs, while the section of decorative arts
was overflowing with material that might more properly be
shown elsewhere, several of these exhibits being really works
for the painting exhibitions rather than for architectural
ones, despite the ultimate places planned for their position
by their artists. In the matter of stained glass designs, it
must be confessed that the work shown in this year’s exhibi-
tion hardly reached the plane of interest which it should
have attained, considering the very excellent and, indeed,
surpassing work done by American artists in glass. Much
of the designs for glass shown at the league exhibition fol-
lowed traditions strictly, although occasionally there was

shown a design that departed from the time-worn medieval- |

ism, as, for instance, one noted in the designs by Frederick
Wilson, ‘“The Angel and Child” (865), ‘‘The Argonauts”
(872). In the sculpture display, one remarked with sur-
prise the absence of works by many of our foremost decora-
tive sculptors, Victor D. Brenner among them. Janet Scud-
der’s “Fighting Boys” fountain was, perhaps, the finest bit
of completed work in sculpture shown. Also noteworthy was
the model “Children Playing” fountain by Anna V. Hyatt,
and the reliefs by John Flanagan for the City Hall, Chicago.
It should be remembered that the Architectural League
exhibitions in various cities are not mere student affairs,
and while the initiate are interested in the processes of work-
ing out a problem, it is, nevertheless, probably a fact that
too much work of a mere sketchy nature is admitted in the
department of decorative design. Some of the sketches for
the mural decorations, while promising much, might suggest
attempts at accomplishments that the artists themselves
will never achieve, and one feels that the public should see
more completed work—that is, actually complete, for in-
stance, the paintings by Charles Hoffbauer, ‘Triumph of
the Condottiere, Florence, 1450” (414), and William A.
Mackay’s ‘Flying Dutchman” (518), and his “Legend of the
Sargasso Sea” (520). Although the present League exhi-
bition was attractive and interesting, it is hoped that future
ones will be brought to a higher standard. Surely we have
in America ample material and enthusiasm for a still better
showing, and our architects should bend their efforts toward it.

U. S. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS

HE work accomplished by the various State experiment

stations of the United States Department of Agriculture
stand ready to render valuable service to everyone through-
out the land, but it is not generally understood by the public
at large that these experiment stations interest themselves in
horticultural matters quite as much as in the broader field
of agriculture in relation to farm lands and soil develop-
ment upon an extended scale. The amateur gardener is
quite as welcome to help from these sources as is the farmer.
The directors of the United States Agricultural Experiment
Stations and their associates are always glad to furnish any
information possible on the subject of plant culture of any
description, as influenced by the conditions of climate, soil,
etc., within their respective States. The editor of AMERI-
CAN HoMEs AND GARDENS calls attention to this fact in the
belief that there are many of its readers who would be glad
to avail themselves of the opportunity of consulting the
members of the staff of their State experiment station if they
knew that information of great value to them could be ob-
tained upon application. For instance, the various experi-
ment stations are best qualified to give information as to the
proper varieties of plants for gardens (both flowers and
vegetables) within their states, to answer queries pertaining
to local soil conditions, and to suggest remedies for plants
affected by the various pests that attack vegetable growth.
The value of the service rendered by the State experiment
stations is practically inestimable, and the great number of
American home-builders is quickly coming to discover this.

xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

An Unfailing
Water Supply

Running water — for inside or outside
service—is the greatest convenience you can
have. It means thorough sanitation—modern
comfort—and the conveniences of a city
residence.

March, 1912

PNEUTANK SYSTEM

is the most efficient and dependable water supply out-
fit that you can install. It gives you fresh water at
all times, pumped throughout your house or grounds.

Douglas Systems combine the knowledge and ex-
perience of 80 years of successful pump-making.
Douglas products have been the standard of excellence
since 1832.

Nothing is skimped in any Douglas System. The
steel tank is absolutely air-tight, tested in the factory.
‘The motor (gas, gasoline or electric) is of the latest
standard make. The pump is thoroughly efficient
and absolutely dependable.

We will replace any part found defective within 5
years of installation. You can be the judge as to

whether the part was defective or whether worn out.
Send today for Catalog and full information, You'll get the benefit of (
expert advice from thoroughly experienced engineers who have success- iH

BAY STATE

6s
"U.S, pAT:

I’m the Bay State Coating Man

I want you to know Bay State Brick and Cement
Coating is being specified by the leading architects and
contractors not only as a coating on cement, stucco, and
brick surfaces to protect them against moisture, but on
high grade interior work on both wood and plaster.

When you need a coating for cement and want some-
thing that will stand up and give protection and
durability, also a pleasing finish, use the Bay State
Brick and Cement Coating, which is the result. of
research and experimental work for more than a
decade. Wherever it is used on stucco, concrete,
wood, or plaster, it stands up better than any other.

fully met many water supply problems. They can solve yours. Write
on today.

W. & B. DOUGLAS | pi
180 William Street Middletown, Connecticut |) . -
| aE at

Manufacturers of spiay pumps and all accessories. Also deep-well
pumps, forest-fire fighting outfits, etc. If interested, ask for special
Bulletin.

You knew how necessary it is to protect concrete
surfaces against dampness. My coating is damp proof
and gives a pleasing appearance without destroying
the texture of concrete and in addition is a fire
retarder.

Write for particulars about Bay State Brick and
Cement Coating. Address for booklet No. 3.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co., Inc.

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street Boston, Mass.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products
y
SPRING PLANTING

We invite everybody interested in improving their lawns and
gardens to visit our Nursery to see our Products growing. This is
the most satisfactory way to purchase. We shall gladly give our time,
attention and any information desired. Our Nursery consists of 300
acres of highly cultivated land and 500,000 square feet of greenhouses
and storehouses, in which we are growing Nursery and Greenhouse
Products for every place and purpose, the best that experience, good
cultivation and our excellent facilities can produce, placing us in a
position to fill orders of any size.

Rose Plants. We grow several Evergreens, Conifers and
hundred thousand that will Pines. More than 75 acres of our
bloom this year. Order now Nursery are planted with hand-
from our _ Illustrated General some specimens. Our plants
Catalogue for Spring Delivery. are worth traveling any dis-

Rhododendrons. Many thou- tance to see.

sands of acclimated plants in Boxwood and Bay Trees. We

Hardy English and American :
varieties are growing in our grow thousands of trees in many

The Unknown Quantity

In planting a Garden, whether large or small, the initial
cost of the seeds themselves is by far the smallest item of
expense.

Good soil, with water and sun, will produce crops, if the
unknown quantity, that is, the quality of the seeds, is
also good.

The thousands of dollars that are expended each year by

Peter Henderson & Co. in their exhaustive tests and trials are
spent to reduce this unknown quantity to such a minimum

Nursery.

Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants.
We grow thousands of rare, new
and old-fashioned kinds. Special
prices on quantities.

Deciduous Trees and Flower-
ing Shrubs. Many acres of our
Nursery are planted with sev-
eral hundred thousand = Orna-
mental Shade Trees and Flower-
ing Shrubs. It is worth while
to visit us and inspect them.

Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary
Fruit Trees and Small Fruits.
We grow these for all kinds of
Fruit Gardens and Orchards.

Hedge Plants. We grow hun-
dreds of thousands of California
Privet, Berberis and other
Hedge Plants adapted for all
parts of the country.

shapes and sizes.

Palms, Decorative Plants for
Conservatories, interior and ex-
terior decorations,

Hardy Trailing and Climbing
Vines. We grow them for every
place and purpose. Ask for spe-
cial list.

English Pot-Grown Grape
Vines. For greenhouse cultiva-
tion.

Bulbs and Roots. Spring, Sum-
mer, and Autumn flowering.

Lawn Grass Seed. Our Ruth-
erford Park Lawn Mixture has
given satisfaction everywhere.

Plant Tubs, Window Boxes and
Garden Furniture. We manufac-
ture all shapes and, sizes.

Our New Giant Flowering Marshmallow. Everybody should be
interested in this Hardy New Old-Fashioned Flower. It will grow

everywhere, and when in bloom is the Queen of Flowers in the gar-
den. Blooms from the early part of July until the latter part of
September.

Our Illustrated General Catalogue No. 75 Gescribes our Products;
is comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending
purchasers. Will be mailed free upon request.

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE.

Our Products give permanent satisfaction because they possess
the highest qualities created by our excellent standard of cultivation.

Visitors, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main
Line; 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

that it is removed almost entirely.

In buying Henderson’s seeds you are buying seeds that have
been tested and tried and have been found up to the Hender-
son Standard, a Standard which is not exceeded by any seed
house in the world. In planting your Garden it pays to start
right and you can be sure that there is no unknown quantity
in your Garden if you use Henderson’s Seeds. Henderson’s
are Tested Seeds.

Our Garden Guide and Record

This handbook, which will be sent without extra
charge to all sending for our catalogue under our
Special Offer, is one of the most valuable of our many
publications. It has concise and complete cultural
tables, planting instructions, cooking receipts,
personally selected by Mrs. Rorer, for ‘all vegetables,
in fact a comprehensive garden handbook.

Peter Henderson & Co.

35-37 Cortlandt Street
New York

42 4

: 2 Pe
GONtEINTS FOR MARCH, 191-2

A. IDETIGIEAENTIE GuMRDISIN. iia ea cis Se tenet eo ee Pee Frontispiece
AUD RAGNUNGSE GARDE Named caeeltecie she wh oc 2h Ge et une eds oe ae By Gardner Teall 75

Paha eR CHIMECISMIESIDEN CE: caine Sao na) eels eb ne eee ale By Robert H. Van Court 81

SEAINED AND ILEADED GEASS FOR THE TIOUSE.... -.. 2.425 Pee ee ee By Ida J. Burgess 83
AULESHERNGOUBUIRBAN GLOUSE. 4 ence 45 ag eee ew ee ee ee By Robert Leonard Ames 86
rape En Ons GARDE N=IVUAIGING IN AMERICA o0f 5 bine eae ee eee de hee ee eR oa ws 90-91

PLANNING AND PLANTING THE HOME VEGETABLE GARDEN..........- By F. F. Rockwell 92
PO TWVER le ON WEE VUAINE, COAST. «50.5. fe ee ee nee oe By Russell F. Porter — 97
DGIORONOSKERSW ALONG OLD LINES. 02.2550. Sesene eg etn e's By Hewitt Trent Cooper 99
OW eROMIVESICEMGOODMEAWINS...20 2 os. 265 se yon be ees Ha eee es By Albert Lewis 100

WITHIN THE HOoUusE:
The Value of “Effect” in Interior Decorations.......... By Harry Martin Yeomans 102

AROUND THE GARDEN:

March plans for Next Summer’s Garden and Hints for This Month’s Work......... 104
DIEVES EO DE LIOUSEWIFE——Kitchen Mconomy..... 0... 02.56.55. By Elizabeth Atwood 106
Poultry-House Convenience Hints on House Flooring The Editor’s Note Book
Collecting Antiques How to Raise Tomatoes in the Home Garden New Books

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President MUNN & CO. ; Inc. Secretary and Treasurer

Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

Dima Opt SD

Copa 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘““American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

in truth

Tarbox Beals

Photograph by Jessie

ral
oO
oO
ta)
oS
do
a?
iS]
oS
=
>
oe
oO
>
ica)
oO
n
=]
°
<<
o
ao}
—
wn
E
fe)
iat ©
3s
=>
=
-_
Ss
—
so
-<<
p=
S
oO
ia © |
=
rs}
co
ao
—
o
—
—
(o}
n
(5)
Cc,
P=)
Poy
cS
=)
—
oO
ie}
Ss
ae
=
2)
ty
o
fe)
£
oO
=
oO
=
o
S
°o
>
=
o
>
o
i=
oO
so
Ld
os
oa
3
Sa
3°
—
=
fo}
wn
o
ple!
—_
oe
oe
=
be

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

March,

POl2

Everyman s Garden

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and Nathan R. Graves

q)| HERE is a lovely garden nestling in a quiet
|| valley of the Connecticut countryside that I
shall call Everyman’s garden, because here
one finds, season after season, a world of
delight in the delectable array of blooming
things dear to the heart of everyone who
holds close to him the memory of Hollyhocks, Larkspurs,
Columbines, Marigolds, Cockscombs, Poppies, Asters, Fox-
gloves, Canterbury Bells, Love-in-a-Mist, Mignonette,
Sweet William, Petunias, the Zinnia, and all-the other beau-
tiful flowers we have called old-fashioned because we love
them best. Here one finds no orderly array of stiffly de-
signed flower beds, looking for all the world like a patch

quilt for keeping Nature covered up. Instead, great banks
of Phlox, clumps of Peonies, trellises of Sweep Peas, and
banks of Nasturtium hold almost riotous sway over the do-
main that stretches from doorstep to the gate, which seems
always swinging open to welcome you to the wonderland
it gives access to. When you see the gorgeous blaze of
wonderful color before you, as though all the gems at Alad-
din’s command had been strewn by careless but generous
hand just there, you will rub your eyes to make sure you are
not dreaming; that this little paradise is real, after all.
Whatever notions you may have entertained about stiff
borders, symmetrical edges and formal garden lay-outs will
vanish utterly under the spell this garden casts around one,

There is probably no man the whole world over who would not long for a garden like this and find it a thing of beauty and a joy forever

Lars

The Lupin was mentioned by a Colonial chronicler as being found in
a Boston garden in the year 1760

and you will find that it can teach you more in an hour than
many another has taught you in a season.

A few years ago—fifty if you will—we were all imagin-
ing that we had no history; to-day we realize we have made
a great deal. We cannot whirl through the countryside and
catch a glimpse of some old house, landmark of our Colonial
era, that our hearts do not bound up within us with the
pride we hold in all we have done since then. It is not be-
cause this old pewter mug, or that old sampler, or these
quaint candlesticks evoke our admiration merely in them-
selves for their intrinsic worth that we bargain for them, col-
lect them, and carry them off with us, to adorn our houses,
with almost as much pride as the conquerors of old brought
back their spoils to adorn the victory; it is because history

‘The spicy-scented Valerian is the stately flower which our great-grand-
mothers used to call Allheal

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

and these things have gone hand in hand, a thing we love
to be reminded of, the quality which lends to the “‘antique”’
its chief charm. That, too, is why we must have reproduc-
tions of the old things, if the old things themselves are to
be denied to us. So it is with gardens. The Englishman
may walk among his box-bordered geometricies, his yew-
covered paths; the Italian among his balustraded terraces,
sentineled by Cypresses; the Hollander among his Tulip-
beds, the Spaniard within his arbors of Jasmine, the French-
man around his rows of Lilies, and the German about his
shrubbery, his Moss-Roses and Forget-Me-Nots; but to the
heart of every American that garden of flowers is the
loveliest which carries with its perfume the reminiscent sug-
gestion of those gardens of our cradle days, when Salem
roasted witches but overlooked the enchantments of her
dooryard, red with Four-o’Clocks, white with Candytufts,
blue with Bachelor’s Buttons, and when the good folk of
Boston village, each over his neighbor’s fence, discussed
the newest Larkspur seed, the fantastic forms of the Gourd.
We love to be reminded, too, of the garden at Mt. Vernon,
of the bouquets that used to come fresh with the morning
dew upon them to Mistress Dolly Madison, of the gardens
where the brave boys in blue and the brave boys in gray
played in their happy youth, taking little heed of the pro-
phecy of the relentless Dicentra—Bleeding Heart, indeed!
And so, when I come into a garden such as this one,
where on a Summer’s day the hum of bees throws me into
drowsy meditation and the winds waft sweet music of the
nodding stems to listening ears, I say it 1s the best garden of
all—your garden, my garden—Everyman’s garden.

‘Tf they to whom God gives fair gardens knew
The happy solace which sweet flowers bestow ;
Where pain depresses, and where friends are few,
To cheer the heart in weariness and woe.’’

These words of a poet, whose name has long since been for-
gotten, come to one as he strolls through the banks of

Delphinium, the lovely Larkspur of old-fashioned gardens, and the
white Madonna Lily, L. candidum

March, 1912

flowering verdure, but only because we feel sorry for that
poet of long ago. He may have known lovely gardens, but
had he known this one never would the burthen of his song
carried with it suggestion of any plaint, but he would have
felt that spirit of all gardens whispering as the genius loci
to him, as in the exquisite words of Francis Thompson’s
“An Anthem of Earth”:
“Here I untrammel.

Here I pluck loose the body’s cerementing,

And break the tomb of life; here I shake off

The bur o’ the world, man’s congregation shun,

And to the antique order of the dead

I take the tongueless vows; my call is set

Here in thy bosom; my little trouble is ended

In a little peace.”’

How inseparable, indeed, are gardens and poetry, poetry
and gardens, though many there be (they, perhaps, who are
merely born with the botanist’s eye, the agriculturist’s crop
proclivities, or the spadesman’s muscle) who pretend to find
in the garden only the suggestion of a deal of troweling, a
scattering of seeds, a turn at weeding, a thorn or two, and
the trouble of beginning it all over again, meeting the oc-
cupation or the necessity withal, as the case may be, season
after season and year after year, but as a matter of busi-
ness, as part of the business of life, a duty performed well but
blindly, unilluminated by the inner light that sheds its
radiance upon the joys of gardening. Indeed, I know a
man who has a yard full of plants spacefilling his Summer-
times. If you should ask him why he plants them, he could
not tell you, though I suspect he is coming under the spell
of habit and that a few more years will find him under-
standing that he has a garden, not merely a Rose here, a
Lilac there and a row of Geraniums, causing him a deal
of grumbling and trouble, because he looks upon them
solely as agents in outvieing his neighbor’s floral display; I
say he cannot forever escape the heart-song his sorry garden
is trying to sing to him—sorry garden, for a garden cannot

The tall-growing Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, is one of the favorite

old-fashioned garden flowers

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 77

There

The exquisite Morning Glory is a solace in Everyman’s garden.
is not a lovelier blossoming vine to be found anywhere

make itself—he cannot escape it if he has a soul, and I
think he has. When I go down his street and look over his
fence at the growing things beyond, for all the world a gar-
den of prim precision and joylessness, I say to myself, ‘““That
is Noman’s garden,” and I pass on with a sigh. I tried to
talk to him once about gardens—about mine. It was in the
early Spring, and I hoped to learn how he had managed to
make his Larkspurs taller than mine, though his were not
so blue. Alas! It was by recipe! Enough chemicals to
have established a pharmacy, and a grim determination that
his garden should look down upon mine. That was all I
got out of him; he had never heard of Omar Khayyam, of
Francis Thompson, and would have lost faith in Francis
Bacon had he known the great philosopher had ‘“‘wasted”’

The picturesque Black Cohosh, Cimicifuga racemosa, comes to us from
the edges of our ponds

78 AMERICAN HOMES

Love-in-a-Mist

his time in discoursing “Of Gardens.” For my own part,
I can dismiss the matter of Noman’s garden from my mind
as though he were a purveyor of dried herbs, being, never-
theless, charitable enough to wish him well.

In place of his company, I love to sit out under the trees
of Everyman’s garden. Now and then a whiffet of clover-
fragrance, of perfume from the clover fields beyond, cuts
keenly to our retreat, and the master of the garden shakes
his head laughingly and gives warning that his flower-
children will be jealous. So they are; the next fluttering of
leaves is turned by zephyrs scented with the subtle incense
of the Columbine, the Honeysuckle or the strange, sweet
breath of the Dahlia. Then I tell the master of this garden
all the hopes and fears I hold
for my own. For two sea-
sons now, I tell him, I have
been striving to rear my
treasured plants and bring
them to maturity, that they
may frame the garden of my
dreams. He leads me to an
old back porch screened with
Honeysuckle, Clematis, and
stringed Morning - Glories.
“Flere,” he tells me, “I keep
the diary of my garden.” I
look over his shoulder and
find that for many years he
has jotted down with loving
care all sorts of things every-
one should know about his
garden. Some of the things
I find written in these bulky
notebooks are much the same
as the things the master of
Noman’s garden begrudg-
ingly dispensed when I
pressed him for information.
How differently it is with the
master of Everyman’s gar-
den. Eagerly I begin to
compare notes, first turning
to his trim little entries under
SITES AND SOILS FOR THE

GARDEN

‘They must be weed-free.”

We both agree as to that.

Gaillardia

No American garden really seems complete without its clump of
graceful-leaved Columbine

AND GARDENS March, 1912

Blue Larkspur

Weeds cannot be cut under and allowed to hide their heads,
ostrich-like. We must not let the foolish things take silly
advantage of us that way. We must root them out in
earnest, and burn them. Moreover, if the garden plot we
have determined upon is neighbor to a weedy field, we shall
be called upon to exercise some vigilance over-fence. It is
a poor neighbor who will not lend hand to organized effort
in a community to root out obnoxious weeds. We all know
that nothing is so injurious to a flower garden as too much
water, or too little. A garden spot upon a slope with a
southern exposure is ideal for site, permitting, as it does,
access to sunshine—all flowers need that—and proper drain-
age often denied to the flat garden. We are reminded, too,
of the havoc north and west
winds wreak upon Roses and
other tender plants and we
must plan a hedge, shrub-
bery or some other means of
shielding our gardens in the
directions of these winds.
The owner of Everyman’s
garden tells me he chose its
site away from the road-
front, for he not only wished
his flowers to be free from
the dust clouds stirred up by
the vehicles constantly pass-
ing, but also because, wishing
to have the joy of spending
several hours each day tend-
ing his plants, he sought a
spot that would give him
greater privacy than the
road-front.

We both discovered, as
every one who has a garden
comes to discover, that dirt
is not soil—at least, not soil
in the sense of the proper
source of nourishment for
plants. With earth made up
of sand and clay and de-
cayed vegetable, called hu-
mus, plant life must be sup-
plied from these in propor-
tion to the requirements of
species. We usually refer to

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS 79

White Poppy

a very sandy or a very clayey soil as a poor soil, and one
abundantly supplied with humus as good soil. A poor sandy
soil contains from 80 to 100 per cent. of sand and as sand
supplies little nutriment to plants unmixed with vegetable
or animal matter, it stands to reason one would hardly ex-
pect to make a lovely garden out of a mere sandbank, or
out of a stretch of closely-packed clay, for though clay may
contain plant food, the roots of plants cannot get to it unless
the clayey soil is mixed with other soil. To a mixed sandy

and clayey soil we give the name loam. Such loam contains
from 40 to 60 per cent. of sand; if from 60 to 80 per cent.
of sand, we call it sandy loam, and if less than 40 per cent.
This loam is the basis of all

of sand we call it clayey loam.
good garden soil. Drainage
lightens the soil and permits
aeration, which is so neces-
sary to it; and, freed from
stagnant moisture, the earth
becomes warmer and drier
and more fertile, as the bac-
teria which nitrify it and con-
vert manure into plant food
can live in soil that is prop-
erly drained and tilled in in-
finitely greater quantities
than in soil that stands neg-
lected. We must remember,
too, that no amount of com-
mercial fertilizer will help
our gardens if the body soil
is not put into a proper condi-
tion to receive and take care
of it; one might as well try to
strain tea through a basin of
jade. Lhe owner of Every-
maw ssgarden has written in
his notébook this quotation
from Soraner’s “Physiology
of Plants’: ‘The ideal con-
dition of a soil is one which
resembles a sponge and in
which it will retain the great-
est amount of nutritive sub-
stances and water without
losing its capacity for ab-
sorbing air.” There you
have it in a nutshell. The

Dianthus

The Hollyhock stands sentinel in Everyman’s garden-—one of
loyal members

The Bellflower

problem does not seem so terrifying after all. We have
only to dig a bit in the garden area. If we find the soil
there too ‘“‘heavy,”’ we shall know what to do; too light, we
shall likewise know how to alter its condition; but in either
event we shall not forget that it will require frequent fertil-
izing to keep it “up to pitch.”
DRAINAGE

I know of no better method of testing the soil of the
garden plot than that of digging several holes to a depth
of three feet and covering them to prevent rain from enter-
ing. Then, after several wet days, the covering may be
removed, and if water is found to have risen within the holes
it may safely be assumed that the ground is not properly
drained. For large areas of
garden soil runs of tile drain-
age pipe will be needed if the
water collects beneath the
top soil, but for small garden
areas the soil may be re-
moved to a depth of some
thirty inches to receive an
underbed of five inches of
gravel. Of course, in such
an operation the top soil
must be restored to its orig-
inal position.

FERTILIZING

It is not always easy for
the garden beginner to know
just how much fertilizer the
soil requires. Perhaps he
will discover that ‘‘over-fed”’
Nasturtiums wither and die,
but one cannot seem to “‘over
feed” the jolly little inhabi-
tants of the flower bed.
Probably the average flower
garden will find stable or
barnyard manure (that which
has been heaped for at least
six months, until it is well
rotted) will prove sufficient.
Stable manure, two barrow-
fuls, say, to a square rod
being ample, or somewhat
less if barnyard manure
(better for dry soils) is used.

its most

80 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1912

PLANTING TABLE FOR ANNUALS, BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS, FOR EVERYMAN’S GARDEN

FLOWER SORT PLANT BLOOM evra ae ee COLORS

Aquileia’ (Columbine) eerie merece lstets lore ee 122 May June-July TZ © \esteuensneetaletenere Various

ACGHAT TS 2s sac Bt revatio. os anelieta tie rotolepetenece cst svevcroheropateye Pe May July LOie* "Whavteuere ree terete Various

IAM ONUS tacos acre hastens jevoleelenmeunede evaksvaraieneverts AP May+ May-June (WE liotgoatin. coo so.4 Yellow

Ne Heb Me nado one noGOOO no rad SOOO OO OOO A May June-October 6 VA Blue- White
EAN CIN ONC 7. Misia cheielenersuonen custo asic oecaicn se Weuewene koltoe P May August-October 1 NN POlpickoso- aera. ooo White-Rose

INSU GAbA oo ob oo bomokOoo oO DAG OD OOO OD aC OOO A May July-September 14 yy Various
BEANO HS IsWiO aanoganepoboodmoo0conG A May July 8 %y Blue-White-Pink
Balsam (ladys SHpper) tens sce siere oe ene A May June-September 14 VA Various
Bleedineg=Heart (CD icentra)) Sisereteecc-cste erste 12) May May-August 26) || \aseauetenst Werehenete Crimson

OPI hEY oS ek ea odomewa cmon aecd HoanenoodG A May June-October i % Orange

Californiare op Dye reienicncn ci etches nenenenstete A May August 10 % Orange
Campanulam (Bellflower)! (7% cicincceserstericln 1 EN May June-July 10 VA Blue-White-Pink
Gari Gy stl taierece aero hess ce cetamectpottemenene Rees cometewer nics A May June-September 8 iy White

CaASCOGBB Canis rcrcerecsdomenstonne ts Poste neeom tenets A May August 36 34 Green
Chrysamehemuwimie foccac-csuciolensnewa teastaccusleenerane PA May August-October 18 % Various

(SIEWAIOEW o35:6 dion 8 oto Oe PEGS Ome 6 COs cian OOo A May June-September 10 yY, White-Purple-Rose
COCESCOMUD Berit Merten ect tincncts tere atiote concn enesch ee A May June-October 10 Yy Red-Purple-Yellow- White
Choral isto osedeoonas ooo uedoe oO Bab Bondo Ve May July-August Wy Walon oon so 4 Coral

CWORCODSISme tesnceetissctelsheorirencnertnencrencueeneienercirae A May June-August 12 %& Yellow-Brown
Cornflower ....,. se avacavees Cuete sc trike a Shan chara rentireRe A May+ June 10 a Blue-White-Rose
COSTINOS Myer. cdeseh st ener onsuersncde pfelawejeen aeenopentevis tens: ovevees A May August-September 24 Y% Red- White-Pink

Ce ea Yaa eee rots psfe dey etnies cheb caren cdahewsnae renee serene P May July-September BG (Alsat ss creas Various

AT) NAS are tae see crete Ge wa rectove (eceiicnebeie tar ewsbny orale oetaketete: cee iy 127 May May DK ee WR ESR SARA NNS Ceesicc W hite-Pink-Rose
MN VENIMNS ELIMNTOSC Pee crerecveteie «cies ac 6 suciete 124 May July-August TO «> =H |\eicteecteeuaeaeeee Yellow

HOR RCCHIMICS=IN Obra rate toierces si ciscsestehetiaessceha ce teiiagee PB May April-July 6 y, Blue

LOU = OL. ClO C Ks ayopcsn hese eeeslansnetdsie a sue cre uebe asin fouvn PA May July-August 12 yy Red-White- Yellow
OX OVC erect ehaectoataete oie e ta oraieiene oveteneeeenecs PB May June 12 Wy White-Pink

Gaia diameter esis ects cece eine ointe P May July-October 12 Ve Yellow-Red
GlobewAm alrantitssu scree aueus cnmeters a tescatents A May July 12 yy Pink

OMS EARS pers thes nctencesnc sertine rmomra nano Serna A May July-October 12 i White-Red
CRON S eerie oe vlna Bae raters) ssuse tate en Manone A May July-October 14 iy Various

EVNHOP SlSipmerscek sen eteie teneke tscaiienens ove teva s) srens stave enenees 13) May July 2 yy Yellow

EVD AIMt HAS) Pra clcrete sence eater alen secuenecatat wena 1g May August-September [Ri TRAE caer at nae Yellow

EVOL VAN O CKgewaiehieniertes o huetsle cacueiaua cane tovagsieus B May August 16 % drills Red-Pink-Purple- White- Yellow
Heeland “Poppy eek. eo stiiece we os ere cre ace wore aoe PA May June-September 6 Ve White to Orange
AUS rere bers ensure es vce teat craverana acae Son tates Bee A May May-July 19> hia leeLtisceheaae ohare White-Blue- Yellow
GAT SOULS ee eo a hteatichic- anniek wits eseetieuaite oe Shans Mame PA May June-July 8 Wy Blue-White-Pink
WAV CET Ase ie er seenehevaoe, secreirs kot @oiera lave ue duivishe corono> teens A May July 8 YY Rose

MOD .elilial Fes secs erasers soo saves ke talon aie qmenagenere A May June-September 4 i Blue-Red
Move=Lies=-Blecdins osc. eise we cies csers esate ace cate A May June-July 10 y% Scarlet

HOVE pA a IVETSES eve csencusis se) poets sa hele) @ aot Galas A May June-September 8 A Blue- White

TAU DING I eos seteta be csiina So ake ates coveted xraivh tes soece evens atater PA May June yore lalReitecacr seats econ Blue- White- Pink
Wie Own eet tecie casts Oate ook pilin gcdidod Oe Saw Mie ieee - May July-September TO:0 Vs MRiaee eee esas White-Rose
NDA OV OM ees cue ete oe ener or edn etme evans dons tuentia ss A May August-October 6 “ Lemon to Orange
INDUS MOMECES <<. itd heiays ice e! a Guole mens eine Abe God ae A May July-October rip} Wy Whitish Green

IMO TICS IO © Giswte ay cua teas acacus heenda ne ee Pd May July-August B28 Uilee eae 4 eek eee! White-Blue
Moontlower 5+ oh. esse nee sees A May August-September 5 Vy White

Witormabhel=e (Eo mia en cr Ge ete tee eae eae A May July-August 12 uy Various
INAS HUNT CMT epee: casteeh cvetsusucidecalsts eaeurne cles sun ones A May July-October 10 W% Various

INV COPTAN aes Si stesrend c sucstweecnpahs Aceasvenondecervenan shee A May July-August 8 YY Red-White

VIS iy ters cessceaer sues veteneeacecee es aclewaua arane’ eva seashore ate PA May May-October 12 % Various

E> COW gag oateiccw sonelione alin ta: acgeuitin ch shawend's, a-ieitehradeoxbotere a 12? May May-June ASE Raltitarescccceensier tate Red-White- Pink
PROC aise ieee, cc ttn amtesecaseceetest enema etlouseye elsnytehe A May July-September 8 Scatter White-Pink-Blue-Wine
PTT O XaR cc stterescteisssteen eaenivwier santa leney Geena Wen PA May July-October 8 % Various

ITN pede ssh ewer cn cuiahie <sidiaitd tacaysdea directs fe vekalien ed shiogelstouan art me PA Mayt+ August 6 wy White to Rose

FEL OD DiVatrencnere cpt ssciehe hele chase seve woth emi es in hence see A May July-August 5 iy Various

On EUWI A Clim care. career deneticane Sieieoe seeebananedenseae eee A May July-October 5 % White-Red- Yellow
Print OSC hater. reuse scaes oy sevens lerginieud auctefaveteus waereasers 122 May+ April-May Girma] ce ponents te ee Yellow-Pink
VEC LN IAUINN eta sais arate co cheat ate oes p ao ahaa ema teatties 1p) May August-October Bure ts Acre eet an eatery, Various

RATED © CHET ales 8s ssusnta ce teesisn eared a egue ceriecee cuseemecaee vans ah P May August-September HOP RI lore ere estos ess Yellow

SUP TEWOSSIS! cays, cc ec cnsuiies see: Grepetete oreasevanenenetre ane @ucs A May June-August 8 % Various

DLV ieee he 8 ie hols, Sts Mes nas usecase aie Alm euandueceene suahele PA May August-October 6 % Scarlet

SCADIOS AR tac <scyac nesiuees seine Mae Gua witustene Saeeeeven: P May June-August Qo a :linecast eee eee Blue- Yellow- White
Sch ZanENw Shey cst caeyerscstuesncteksut cvueheaccern secure A May July-August 10 yy Yellow-Lilac
SIMO TT Ca irce sot os saint raecanatenenncers a eyes ouee Meee ce aoe P May June-August Gio) dle acenarc cose White to Rose
SNAVOTA LOW os siacess w aceccee, gissenadenavere Sie, bcierenuee PA May July-August 8 YY, Various

S COCKER. scan antiter tase cite susderu: eucieyeceetuessrsnee Renee A May June-July 6 YY, White to Red
SOMITE ONT arcu tenses Bis. sta aeuecsmavtotek, winner ana’ mua aie eke PA May August 36 y, Yellow
PS WECCMALYSSUM oh cic csccd siecle rend sine wre eve cn aupen eae A May May-September 5 % White

SWC CUBR Gig eeus teak faveritstomnccoussauotovedel ene veh opswecend A May+ June-October 8 3 trench Various

SiWSS te WIT AI aise sieve, stave, sie & ee arerw soeeececamoes PB May July-August 10 Y% Red-White-Pink
WOT OM AE fas vixens seid chase facaieredtonenacaleoshaneudwos ue 123 May June-August Boo. icetasces sea aeeers Various

IViGTOWMUCA Move sic oan iarecnndewin.s oie. ewudvercisleiere oles iP May August ian foveicaeen cericerc ots Purple

SVE OMS i revenenena esos ct se eriedeeusitze sceprenanalebanenarsnarieiiec en ee 12 May March Gi Ful rctegea ewe copraetere Violet

AVVO WSIS sch opreteisceusat sidutvouane even eset awecsssemmpnt ence PBA May July-August 8 % Yellow-Brown
ZINN) Vee tere aetraneneua choke eneksusneron snus aienanense atimeuetene A May July-October 10 y% Various

A—Annual. B—Biennial. P—Perennial. +Can also be planted in April.

——_ ~~

March, 1912

Mr.

The attractive stucco house of a ee ee

Tank Wethrell,

AMERICAN HOMES AND’ GARDENS 81

Des Moines, Iowa, which was designed by and built for himself

An Architect's Residence

By Robert H. Van Court

N planning a house for someone other than
himself, an architect is often obliged to make
concessions dictated by the preconceived
ideas of the owner-to-be, and must, from
necessity, often depart from his own. When
it happens that he can plan and build a house
for himself, an architect then has an opportunity of giving
expression to his most cherished views as to what a house
should be to form the setting of a home.

Mr. Frank Wethrell, of Des Moines, Iowa, has built the

think of this, as the house is so delightfully placed amid
well-grown trees. Evidently in building this house its owner
had in mind its use as an all-the-year residence, and its de-
sign carries out a frankly direct simplicity that is one of its
chief attractions.

The entrance path of brick, one step up. from the flag-
stone sidewalk, leads to a brid terrace and-to a quaint en-
trance-porch, unusually well designed, in front of which a
trellis has been placed, which another season will find vine-
covered. Three steps of brick lift to the porch floor, from

small house for his own oc-
cupancy here illustrated. It
may be assumed that it em-
bodies his ideas of what a
suburban house of its size,
for the Middle West, should
be, and, aside from its at-
tractiveness, is doubly inter-
esting from this point of
view. The Wethrell house,
while in no sense cramped,
occupies grounds that are not
large in extent. Neverthe-

which one enters the house
| through a small vestibule
opening to the left into a
spacious living-room. The
room receives the sunlight
through six casement win-
dows. The chimney-breast is
of brick, with a high mantel
shelf. The same simplicity
that distinguishes the ex-
terior of the Wethrell house
|| marks the scheme of its in-
| terior, though in no sense is

less, one does not stop to

Plan of the house of Mr. Frank Wethrell, Des Moines, Iowa

the interior the least “bare”

82 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

View of the living-room, the most striking features of which are the
great brick fireplace and the beamed ceiling

in appearance. Glazed doors lead from the living-room
into the dining-room. ‘This room is also constructed with
casement windows. A study of the plans of this house will
disclose its many points of interest, and while complete in
every detail, its design has been so skillfully worked out
and its furnishings so tastefully chosen that there is no over-
crowding apparent anywhere.

In carrying out the plans of this design for his own house,
the architect has been free from the demand often made
upon him by the speculative builder, who, having merely
transient ownership in view, is not willing to meet the re-

March, 1912

dining-room, which is lighted by a shower drop, simple
and attractive in design

A view of the

quirements of the more thorough workmanship and finer
sense in devising the planning of a house that, on the other
hand, lends encouragement to the architect who is per-
mitted freer rein. Fortunately, the architect of this house
has found himself free to work out his conception of a small
home, producing, as he has, a suburban house that embodies
the units of good taste in design, convenience in plan, and
which gives adequate attention to sanitation. The skill with
which the architect of this house has felt his way in working
out his conception points to the fact that one need never be
discouraged by the restrictions of the small suburban plot.

Sea ese

attractive

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 83

“The Rainbow’’—stained-glass window designed by Walter Shirlaw for a room in the residence of Mr. William T. Evans, Montclair, N. J.

Stained and Leaded

Glass for the House

By Ida J. Burgess

MONG the architectural accessories that lend

refinement to the dwelling house are to be
considered windows of stained and of leaded
glass. Stained glass, as distinguished from
leaded glass, is that material which depends
primarily upon color for its effect, whereas
leaded glass is dependent upon the lines of lead that form a
patterned network to hold the bits of plain glass that com-
pose the whole panel, and rarely contain color at all, al-
though occasionally color is introduced in a slight degree
into the decorative scheme.

Originally the term “‘stained glass’ referred to the ma-
terial treated by a chemical process, whereby a solution of
silver was retained upon the
surface of the glass as it was
placed in a kiln for “‘baking,”’
coming forth a yellow trans-
parency wherever the silver
solution had been applied.
This staining of glass was
much practiced at a time long
after colored glass had
reached its highest excellence,
but, by one of those occa-
sional misapplications of
terms that of “‘stained glass”
came to be applied to all
work in colored glass, as
used in windows, and has
clung tenaciously to it, to the
universal exclusion of the
truer term, “colored glass,”

A walldesioned window

in leaded glass.
colored glass has been introduced in this window with good effect

A few years ago, especially in the ’80’s, when ‘“‘builder’s
architecture” became responsible for so much of the poor
taste then prevalent in house construction, almost a mania
for stained glass, or what passed as such, spread over
America. It is doubtful if any country, even during the
darkest years of the dark ages, found itself so swamped
with inartistic hideousness of the sort of the “stained glass”
in question (one is impelled to use quotes) as did our home-
makers at this time. The windows of poor design were
constructed of poor glass atrociously colored—‘‘pink, pur-
ple and sauterne,”’ as someone describes the coloring of
the windows unfortunately still within our recollection—
though occasionally one met with an exception to the pre-
vailing poor taste. A great
deal of the trouble lay in the
fact that the builders of
American houses of two or
three decades ago quite for-
got the precedent set by ar-
chitects of Colonial times—
the precedent of preserving
harmony in all parts com-
posing the architectural

whole. The early-day archi-
tect of the noble Colonial
houses, that dignified the

period of their construction,
never dreamed of filling their
windows with glass better
suited to a baronial castle, a
Jacobean manor house, to the
chateau, or other old-world

— ie =a
me Po ee oe

It will be Patited that

84 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

**Juliet”’—a portrait window by Ida J. Burgess

architectural types. Instead, the Colonial architect em-
ployed, as a matter of course, leaded glass as best fitting
the style of the period and the material in which he worked.

And so it is that in the modern house one looks for con-
sistency in all structural matters, and stained glass is given
its place in houses of the prototype that evolved it, just as
we place leaded glass in those houses of to-day to which
its traditions should assign it. Indeed, nothing could be
more incongruous than a dwelling for all the world like a
Colonial cottage outside and like a crypt, or a chapel, or a
baronial castle inside, and vice-versa.

Nevertheless, it must not be thought in this connection
that stained glass employed in the windows of a house makes
for over-solemnity, gloominess, or mere ecclesiastical aspect.
Our artists of the present era have shown us to the con-
trary. We have seen what Sir Edward Burns-Jones, Will-
iam Morris, John La Farge, Louis Tiffany, Walter Shirlaw,
to mention but a few names, could do to prove that stained
glass may have an important
place in the modern dwelling,
provided the style of archi-
tecture in the house admits
of anything other than plain
glass or leaded glass. It is
true that the unilluminated,
varied color and strange mix-
ture of tints, visible on the
exterior of windows of
stained glass when viewed |
from the outside, are some- |} ! L
what disconcerting and oc- | fae= |=

casionally inharmonious in ~~ gienintHe
effect with the facade of a NeMCSIR LAIN
building. Nevertheless, as “Gunter Rone
stained glass windows are peere wen |
only properly placed when aie LC

they serve primarily to orna- | Bee |
ment and enrich the decora- ~— eg =
tive effect of an interior and

Stained-glass window, by Clara Burd, depicting Launcelot and Guinevere

March, 1912

to exclude an unpleasant outlook, their very position ab-
solves them from the criticism that their employment as
architectural features should have placed upon them any
ban by reason of their exterior appearance. As a matter
of fact, the ‘“‘rough-cast” appearance of the exterior of a
stained glass window, if unmarred by expanses of skyblue-
and-white streaky translucent glass, rather enhances the
walls of a stone or brick house than otherwise, when viewed
from the outside. Stained glass for the modern house de-
serves to receive more attention than it has had, even from
the present-day home-builder, who is supposed to be keenly
interested in everything pertaining to the development of
beautiful houses, both within and without. A window show-
ing beautiful masses of color, varying under the different
degrees of light, possesses at all times a peculiar charm of
its own. No other medium of artistic expression has quite
that which is peculiar to stained glass as a material for
creating the beautiful, and the wealth of exquisite color,
brilliant and gem-like, which it reveals to us as the light
passes through it, gives it a claim to our enduring con-
sideration.

There are, of course, certain rooms in the house where
windows of stained glass will find their most appropriate
setting. In the library—that is to say, in the room which
is a real library—the stained glass window above the book-
shelves may form a most appropriate decorative feature,
and while admitting a certain amount of light, will obviate
the strong crosslights that would otherwise result from the
use of windows throughout of clear glass. In some in-
stances small window spaces above the bookshelves have
been filled by portrait heads in stained glass, and in other
instances larger spaces have been occupied by landscape
windows worked out with subdued or glowing tints, as good
taste determined. Hall, staircase and music-room windows
of stained glass are appropriate in their proper setting, and
in town houses, where the rear of the dwelling has an un-
pleasing outlook and yet must give place to the dining-
room, stained glass windows let in a sufficient amount of
light and yet screen the undesirable view. Naturally one
does not look for large figure compositions in stained glass
windows intended for small rooms, for in this, with all other
matters under the dictatorship of good taste, consistency
must be studied and maintained.

The idea is prevalent that stained glass of good quality,
color and artistic design costs an enormous amount of
money. On the contrary, very beautiful windows may be
had for a comparatively small expenditure. A fine window
of stained glass is as good an investment, so far as buying
things for one’s self is concerned, as a fine piece of furniture.
Like the latter, the stained
glass window can be insured
against loss, moved from
place to place, or stored
away for safety in times of
prolonged absence.

Notable among windows
designed by American artists
for private houses is the
‘Peony Window” here re-
produced, the work of the
late John La Farge. A sin-
gle panel of growing flowers,
shown against a background
suggesting a luminous sky
above and running water be-
low, and the border of intri-
cate pattern of delicate flower
petals, presents a variety of
color tones characteristic of
the best glass designers of

EMMITT DTS a

March, 1912

earlier times, whose works La Farge made his life study.
But quite the most exquisite part of this panel is the wind-
blown mass of Peonies, held back by their curving stems.
Conventionalized though they are, to a certain extent, they
still possess all the strength and vitality of nature in the
curved lines and rich masses that suggest fresh June color
and Nature’s very own fresh brilliancy. The introduction
of the exquisite rose-color that has marked so much of John
La Farge’s work is to be found here. This artist’s suc-
cessful efforts to obtain glass of suitable richness to meet
the requirements of his conceptions resulted in that long
series of experiments which led him, perhaps, to the highest
achievements of his day in this direction, which; together
with the work of his contemporaries, Louis C. Tiffany and
others, placed American stained glass on the very highest
plane of modern decorative art, recovering to our workmen
the quality and richness of the stained glass of the medieval
masters of the craft.

In the Worcester (Massachusetts) Art Museum is an-
other window by La Farge, the “Peacock Window,” a
famous example of the fusing together the edges of various
pieces of glass, held in position by a thin brass wire, some-
what after the manner of Cloissonné enamel work. Sub-
mitted to the right degree of heat, the glass is fused, piece
to piece, thus making it possible to connect various delicate
tints without requiring the assistance of the intervening
leaded lines. Nevertheless, the decorative value of the
contrast afforded by lead lines is enormous, and one would
not, except in rare instances, wish to do entirely without them.

The lovely window by the late Walter Shirlaw, repro-
duced on the first page of this article, is an example of a
window intended for a residence (that of Mrs. William T.
Evans), which especially well exhibits this value to the
whole of the leaded line. Always occupied as he was with
the expression of symbolic representation of ideals, Walter
Shirlaw never failed to give life and movement to any sub-
ject from his hand. In this window is depicted a lovely
goddess seated on the ledge of a marble terrace, two pea-
cocks at the left. Beyond are dark masses of Fir trees and
Pines in the landscape, and in the clearing sky above is seen
a suggestion of the rainbow that gives the window design
its name. The lovely flesh tints, perfect
modelling, the folds of the drapery falling
in sweeping masses and blown by the gust
of Summer wind, unite the composition in
a manner characteristic of this noted artist’s
work. One would never tire of a window
of this sort.

The use of enamel color on nearly opaque
white glass has enabled the glass painter of
the present day to attain excellent results
in the matter of actual portraiture. Until
very recent years the usual manner of treat-
ing portrait heads, as seen in ecclesiastical
glass (where it is quite sufficient), was by
means of obtaining tints approximating flesh
tones by means of lines of brown applied on
a flesh-tint glass. For centuries this was
deemed all that was necessary in the way of
representing the color of flesh in glass
painting. However, in order to attain more
perfect representation in this medium,
American artists in glass working have de-
voted much persevering effort in solving the
problem of a better means of working out
portraiture for stained glass, and our artist-
craftsmen have the honor of having
achieved a distinct success for their pains,
although portraiture in stained glass has
been very little attemptedas yet. When the

The

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ee”

“Peony Windo
by John La Farge, an exquisite
example of American stained glass

pete

AigRacemnen es segsetttines

BE 4

Portrait window designed and painted by Ida J. Burgess

lifelike quality of the portrait in glass becomes better known,
doubtless it will lead many persons to a recognition of its un-
usual merits as deserving consideration for a place in home
decoration. Of course, there are great difficulties for the art-
ist to overcome in the use of enamel colors on glass, but the
thorough artist will enjoy solving his problem all the more
for the pleasure he will find in surmounting the difficulties
that may beset his progress.

The fondness we have shown as a nation for landscape
in painting has found expression in our work in stained
glass as well, especially in connection with
composition employing the human figure.
The three-panel design by Clara Burd, for
a library window, a reproduction of which
is here given, is such an instance. ‘This
‘‘Launcelot”’ window illustrates a scene from
the Arthurian legend, the text of the side
panels reading as follows: ‘‘Then in the
boyhood of the year, Sir Launcelot and
Guinevere rode through the covert of the
deer. She looked so lovely as she swayed
the rein with dainty finger tips. A man had
given all other bliss and all his worldly
worth for this, to waste his whole heart in
one kiss upon her perfect lips.”

Although leaded glass is much more sim-
ple in effect than any stained glass possibly
could be, still it requires the hand of the
artist in its designing, just as truly as does
stained glass. Its leaded lines must be just
right or its effect will be all wrong, espe-
cially as it will rarely, perhaps, have a note
of color to help it along.

One does not, perhaps, think so much
about the matter of patterned windows cur-
ing the Summer months, when the outlook
through the casement frame is pleasing, but
with the approach of the Winter months, in
those localities where the landscape prac-

fie Wiis pire |

w’ —designed

86 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

nn We

tically becomes a snowscape,
month in and month out, one
welcomes the pattern relief
from the monotonous vista,
which relief the well-designed
window in leaded glass af-
fords. Although American
artists lead the world in
stained glass, it must be con-
ceded that Germany, up to
the present, has produced the most interest-
ing leaded glass so far as contemporary
work is concerned. We have much that we
can learn from our Teutonic neighbors in the
spacing of design, vigor and beauty of line,
correct application of pattern, and in the re-
markable command their artists. in glass dis-
play in the use of the leaded line. ‘The two
illustrations upon this page are reproduc-
tions of examples of leaded glass windows
by German artists.

We find in European countries that coats-
of-arms constitute a favorite form of leaded
glass decoration, the various heraldic bear-
ings often being carried out in tinted glass.
Both stained and leaded glass lend them-
selves well to heraldic design, but in Amer-

An ingeniously designed window in
leaded glass, approaching stained
glass in conception

March, 1912

ica, where our democratic
ideals have led us to refrain
from remembering ourselves
and our friends of family
history in this manner
(though there seems no good
reason why we should not),
we are more apt to select
some other device to serve
as the decorative motif for
the windows of leaded glass we have in our
houses. Our favorite pursuits, our hobbies,
our favorite flowers, and other things of the
sort, come first to our mind when deciding
upon some suitable scheme of decoration for
leaded glass windows. Indeed, instead of
leaving the matter to the taste of some one
else, every home-builder should strive to
have every feature in the house expressive
of individuality, and nothing succeeds in
doing this more completely than does the
well-designed window in stained or leaded
glass—a window expressing the tastes of
the owner, or at least strongly influenced
by them. The home-builder possessed of
skill in designing will find satisfaction in
working out patterns for his own house.

AN
a

pr i l

A well-designed panel in white leaded glass

A Western Suburban House

By Robert Leonard Ames

ESTERN archtecture shows much that is
bold, rugged, individual, and untrammeled
by the devotion to precedent that one is more
apt to meet with in the East. ‘This is par-
ticularly true of the architecture of Chicago,
and its environs. It is not to be wondered
at that the city which gave area to some of the best work
of Richardson, and which witnessed the rise of Louis H.
Sullivan and the school of which he was the most conspic-
uous member should give impetus to what practically has

A residence in the “Western” style of architecture, at Wilmette, Illinois, one of Chicago’s most attractive suburbs

become a new style in domestic architecture, embodying
many of the characteristics of the most successful works
of the school of men just referred to who often have been
called “insurgents” in architecture by some of their con-
freres. For lack of a better name ‘Western Architecture”
has come to be used in designating the style peculiar to cer-
tain of these architects, who have paid particular attention to
the building of suburban houses, among whom the name of
Frank Lloyd Wright, who designed the house at Wilmette,
Illinois, here illustrated, stands conspicuously prominent in

beta!

—_

March, 1912

Floor plan of the house at Wilmette, Illinois

any discussion of the distinct innovations that have come to
mark our American domestic architecture, particularly in the
Middle West. Probably the most satisfactory examples
of “‘Western Architecture,” as applied to the dwelling are
to be found in the attractive suburbs that spread out fan-
like from Chicago’s city limits, sweeping in a semi-circle
from the shores of Lake Michigan on the north to the
shores of this lake on the south. Perhaps local conditions
have had much to do in developing the type of house we are
describing herein. The region north of Chicago from the
village of Edgewater and Sheridan Park to Lake Forest and
Lake Bluff, through which the famous Sheridan Road winds
and turns, is marked by many little plains and again by
deep valleys and picturesque ravines. Indeed, this tract of
land and the region of the lake shore, extending as it
does almost to the suburbs of the city of Milwaukee, offers
an aspect that makes this ‘““‘Western Architecture” particu-
larly well adapted to the locality which has brought it forth,
there being in perfect harmony as it is with its surroundings,
though one doubts if a house such as is here pictured would
fit into the landscape of Long Island, New York, the New-
tons in Massachusetts, or into the landscape of the environs
of Philadelphia as successfully as it does into that of the
countryside of Wilmette. °

Perhaps no one of Chicago’s suburbs is more typical
than that of Wilmette. It is both beautiful and interesting.
Here one finds the first hill-land north of Chicago and the
village lies directly upon the shore of Lake Michigan amidst
a dense growth of forest trees. Its homes are, for the
main part, ones of moderate cost (several of which, one
may mention here, have been described in previous numbers
of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS). The architects of
these houses have known well how to take advantage of the
opportunities offered by the character of the country in the
matter of building sites which lent impulse in the direction
of individuality.

The house illustrated in this article, designed for its owner
by Frank Lloyd Wright, architect, Chicago, is one of the
most beautiful and well-planned in this village of distinctive
homes. It occupies a flat site in a lovely grove of trees.
Like another Western home, described elsewhere in this
number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, the present
house fits into its arboreal accompaniment in a delightfully
pleasing manner, emphasizing the good sense and excellent
taste of both owner and architect in planning the house
to fit its site instead of working over the site to make it fit
the house, as necessity too often commands, with the result
that artificiality is then apt to become permanent unless rare
judgment in adjustment enters into the solution of the
problem, as it has so successfully in this particular instance.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 87

The level spot in the grove of well-grown
trees suggested the location of the present
house, and made it possible to carry out
its plan which called for a broad, low,
roomy dwelling somewhat of the bungalow
type, but strongly “tinged” with the same
note that dominates the external appear-
ance of certain bits of Japanese feudal
architecture. Its strong individuality neither
mars other houses in its vicinity, nor does
it lose from any undue proximity to them.
Instead, the grounds surrounding the house
are ample and there is no feeling that the
house overtops the area at the architect’s
command for its proper setting. There
has been plenty of room for it and it has
not needed to take up all its room.

The first glimpse of this suburban home
reveals a stucco house one story high, to
all appearances, though it has actually two
stories. Few houses have employed stucco more attrac-
tively than this one, if, indeed, any have, utilizing, as it
has, broad expanses of wall space uninterrupted, for the
most part, by any great number of very low-set windows.
As will be seen from examining the illustrations, the fenes-
tration has proved most successful though most unusual
in its plan. In fact, this constitutes the most striking
constructive note in the entire design of the house, and em-
phasizes the effect of the broad planes upon which the house
is modeled. ‘There is, too, a fine restraint shown in the
construction of the roof surfaces, a pleasing angle having
been given them from every point of view, special account
having been taken of the projection of the eaves, which afford
unusually deep soffts that shelter, to some extent, the win-
dows which they cover and heighten the effect of the play

COL

of leaded glass, are

The long casement windows, with their panes
shaded by the projecting broad soffits of the roof

88 AMERICAN

of light and shadow on the
walls, one of the chief
charms of stucco construction.

The porches and veran-
das of the Wilmette house
are so placed that they ex-
tend the broad horizontal
dimensions, thus still fur-
ther emphasizing the
“spreading” effect of the
building, an aspect that es-
pecially characterizes ‘“‘West-
ern Architecture” in general.
The architect has placed
before the house a low ter-
race and the way in which the
approach to the dwelling has
been arranged, so that it is
thoroughly practical and yet
not at all in evidence, is one
of its most interesting points.

The floor plans are indi-
cated, as they should be, by
the exterior. Here, with
abundance of floor space to
plan with, a few very large
rooms have been devised,
rather than a greater number
of smaller ones, the result
being that the interior of the
house well accords with one’s
idea of what it should be
from an external inspection.

The door at the main entrance opens directly upon a
square hall from which broad openings invite the visitor
into the living-room upon the left and into the dining-room
upon the right.

At either end of the long vista thus obtained are to
be found generous casement windows reaching from the
floor and opening out upon wide verandas, which extend

the spacious appearance of the premises.

~The living-room of this house might be called literally
the heart of the house. It is large and lofty, extending to
the roof of the dwelling. ‘This living-room has a deep bay-
window at one end, and a wide and deep fireplace just op-
posite this. The long, narrow, panel-like windows of the
bay, with their small
panes of leaded glass,
extend almost from
floor to ceiling and
bring the living-room
into very close com-
munion with the trees
and shrubbery just
outside. Small win-
dows placed closely
together form a
frieze just below the
lofty ceiling and flood
this beautiful room
with light and abun-
dant sunshine. Over
the deep fireplace,
and extending en-
tirely across this end
of the room, is a bal-
cony, made possible,
of course, by the un-
usual height of the
room. The balcony is

HOMES

A corner of the spacious, well-lighted living-room

The dining-room, looking through the reception- and the living-room

AND GARDENS March, 1912

reached by a short flight of
stairs leading from the hall.
These large and lofty living-
rooms are becoming increas-
ingly popular not only in city
apartments, but also in coun-
try and suburban homes.
Their great height makes
possible many decorative ef-
fects which could not other-
wise be had and they are par-
ticularly adapted for music-
rooms or living-rooms which
serve likewise as music-
rooms, as their height sup-
plies the space required to
obtain the best acoustic re-
sults. The objection is some-
times made that such rooms
are not homelike and cannot
be made to present that do-
mestic and “cosey’”’ appear-
ance which is so desired in a
country or suburban home.
In this instance the architect
has certainly overcome this
objection, for here the large
floor space and the unusually
high ceiling have resulted in
no lack of domestic cheer or
charm. A living-room in
Wilmette would hardly be
complete without a broad
veranda where one may sit and listen to the roar of the
waters of old Lake Michigan. The architect has built
on this house a veranda which is reached directly from the
living-room, but which is entirely apart from the smaller
porch which gives the entrance to the house.

Small windows placed closely together and next the ceil-
ing occupy two sides of the dining-room. ‘The wall spaces
just below this frieze of windows afford opportunity for
the arrangement of dining-room furniture. Below one group
of these windows a broad shelf is placed and around the
two sides of the room not occupied by windows there runs
a frieze which renders the treatment consistent. Here the
woodwork is of dark oak and furniture of the same wood
and finish has been in-
troduced. Two win-
dows open into a ver-
anda which is en-
closed by a high para-
pet, thus providing an
out-of-doors dining-
room, if the owner
chooses to put it to
that use. The kitchen
and the servants’
rooms are arranged
at one corner of the
house and are sepa-
rated, of (Compse:
from the rest of the
apartments by a pan-
try which connects
the kitchen with the
dining-room and the
broad veranda men-
tioned above.

In most houses
built upon the single

Poi

March, 1912

floor plan, the bed-
rooms are either un-
duly in evidence or
else involve a long,
dark hall. Here they
are so placed that
they occupy another
corner of the building
and, with their bath
and dressing - rooms,
are separated by a
small hall from the
rest of the house. We
have never seen a
house where such an
abundance of window
space has been ob-
tained, without detri-
ment to the beauty of
the walls or sacrific-
ing to expediency the
artistic appearance of
the house as a whole.

Fictes arene ite
windows in one bedroom, five windows in another, and two
sides of a bathroom and dressing-room are entirely of win-
dows. This is, of course, an ideal arrangement where a
house has been planned for occupancy during the entire year,
including a long and usually a very warm Summer. One
hardly expects to find a second story in a house of this
character, which seems to have been planned upon one floor,
but an upper story there is, extending over the greater part
of the house and reached by the stairway which gives ac-
cess to the living-room balcony. The rooms upon this floor
have an unusual amount of window space and a consider-
able variety of outlook, as they face in three different
directions.

One of the exterior views which is here shown is of the
corner of the house containing the bath and bedrooms upon
the lower floor. The handling of the horizontal lines here
is particularly interesting. The line formed by the veranda
cornice is, of course, sufficiently important to be a deco-

oS vise r a

The play of light and shadow upon th

Interior of the high-walled living-room, showing the balcony

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 89

rative feature to be
reckoned with, and
yet to extend the win-
dows from the roof
to this line would be
to ruin the symmetry
of the entire fenestra-
tion. The placing of
panels of stucco be-
tween the window
sills and the horizon-
tal band which ex-
tends the line of the
veranda roof em-
phasizes just the gen-
eral effect which the
architect has em-
ployed so consist-
ently. Another very
thoughtful piece of
designing is the nar-
row band of dark-
stained woodwork
just above the ground,
which supplies a note of strength to the entire structure.
Still another pleasing detail is the deep window-boxes just
below the six windows in the bay window of the living-room.
Filled with yellow and red Nasturtiums in Summer and Box
in Winter, they would add greatly to the decorative value
of the exterior. Indeed, now that we are beginning to dis-
cover the architectural value of the window-box as a legiti-
mate decorative adjunct, our American house designers are
paying much attention to employing it to enchance their
designs.

There are many features of this beautiful house at Wil-
mette which might well be studied by home-builders any-
where. The house would be at home in almost any section
of the country and with its lofty ceilings and several veran-
das, would be quite as comfortable as a Summer home upon
the coast of Maine as it would be if it were used as a Win-
ter home in Florida or Southern California. More vines

around the larger wall space would complete the decoration.

Sete! tain SERS om : tiers a

e stucco walls and the silhouetted shadows of the foliage areduice a really delightful decorative effect

ao AMERICAN HOME

HERE is no reason in the world for belie
their European antecedents, no reason at
In speaking of the New World’s earl
this to say apropos of the beginning of
found in these stern men than that the
among the fibres of their rugged hearts,

making them hereditary in the new land.” That was tl

den whose day extended to Hawthorne’s own time. \
garden into the American landscape as somewhat ‘‘new-
flower beds and borders a jumble of lovely growing

of bloom in what we call the Italian gardens; and tl
adopted from English gardens have, perhaps, not com

A few years ago we were paying little or no attentio

a fine one; now all that is different. Every one of us w

ing much as Emerson discovered it, when he wrote of wh

bordering Walden Pond. ‘‘I go thither every afternoo1
all along the bold shore and open the finest pictures.”
scholar should shun it like gambling, and take refuge in
never did; nosensible man ever will! There isa delight
for it. A delight that has takena firm hold on American

. AND GARDENS

MAKING IN AMERICA

x that American gardens cannot, in time, be as lovely as
for not realizing that many of them are already as lovely.
ilgrim settlers Hawthorne, in ‘‘Our Old Home,’’ had
dening in America: ‘‘ There is not a softer trait to be
tould have been sensible of their flower roots clinging
j have felt the necessity of bringing them over sea and
Jay of the old-fashioned garden, the old-fashioned gar-
are inclined to consider the introduction of the formal
gled’’ because we have been in the habit of liking our
igs, and the nice orderly restraint with its very paucity
quaint but stiffly balance-clipped evergreens we have
> appeal to us as thoroughly in the past as it now does.
o gardens, but just loving them when we came across
sa garden. Wehave come to be “‘discovering”’ garden-
ne called his ‘‘new plaything’ —forty acres of woodland
ad cut with my hatchet an Indian path thro’ the thicket,
sut it was Emerson who laughingly declared, ‘‘A brave
es and hotels from these pernicious enchantments.’’ He
omparable in planning a garden, ploughing it and caring
a delight which has molded the fair gardens we see here.

aod i
a
Rs

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

their isnaypeern atecedetts: no reason at tall fern not welts many of denn are already as Seale
In speaking of the New World’s early Pilgrim settlers Hawthorne, in ‘“Our Old Home,” had
this to say apropos of the beginning of gardening in America: ‘* There is not a softer trait to be
found in these stern men than that they should have been sensible of their flower roots clinging
among the fibres of their rugged hearts, and have felt the necessity of bringing them over sea and
making them hereditary in the new land.’’ That was the day of the old-fashioned garden, the old-fashioned gar-
den whose day extended to Hawthorne's own time. We are inclined to consider the introduction of the formal
garden into the American landscape as somewhat ‘‘new-fangled’’ because we have been in the habit of liking our
flower beds and borders a jumble of lovely growing things, and the nice orderly restraint with its very paucity
of bloom in what we call the Italian gardens; and the quaint but stiffly balance-clipped evergreens we have
adopted from English gardens have, perhaps, not come to appeal to us as thoroughly in the past as it now does.
A few years ago we were paying little or no attention to gardens, but just loving them when we came across
a fine one; now all that is different. Every one of us wants a garden. We have come to be ‘‘discovering”’
ing much as Emerson discovered it, when he wrote of what he called his ‘‘new plaything’ —forty acres of woodland
bordering Walden Pond. ‘‘I go thither every afternoon and cut with my hatchet an Indian path thro’ the thicket,
all along the bold shore and open the finest pictures.” But it was Emerson who laughingly declared, ‘“‘A brave
scholar should shun it like gambling, and take refuge in cities and hotels from these pernicious enchantment: €
never did; nosensible man ever will! There isadelightincomparable in planning a garden, ploughing it and caring
for it. A delight that has takena firm hold on Americans, a delight which has molded the fair gardens we see here.

92 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

Planning and Planting the Home Vegetable Garden

By F. F. Rockwell
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

HERE can be no doubt that the home vege-
table garden in America is yearly growing
more popular. The two most important rea-
sons for this desirable development are
obvious. In the first place, vegetables fresh
from one’s own garden are incomparably
better in quality than those which may be had of the green-
grocer; and, in the second place, there is the fun of the
thing; the fun of planting and managing, even if one cannot
do the actual work, though I hazard the guess that if you
once get interested in the game you will not stop short of
slipping on some comfortable old clothes and getting right
down in the good old dirt.
At bottom we all have the in-
stinct for it, and it is a good,
normal, healthy, pleasure-
giving instinct, too. Wholly
aside from these considera-
tions, and worth giving a
thought to in these days of
the “high cost of living,” is
the fact that the home gar-
den is a money-saver. For
several seasons the prices of
fresh vegetables have been
high, and are likely to be so
for several more to come.
The home garden makes a
very direct appeal to the
family bookkeeper.

SELECTING THE GARDEN

SITE

By no means the least of
garden pleasures is the feel-
ing that you have proved
yourself an efhcient gardener
by going your neighbor one
better and getting corn or
tomatoes, for instance, ear-
lier than he does. In almost
all garden operations, the
question of earliness is a very
important one. LEarliness
depends upon both .“‘expos-
ure’ and soil. The garden
site should, where possible,
slope gently to the south or

A Celery garden that is almost as attractive as a field of flowers

southeast. It should also have protection on the north or
northwest. This is a point the importance of which is too
little recognized. A hedge, wall or building so sheltering
a small garden plot will frequently make a difference of
several days in the growing of crops. If no such sheltered
spot is available, it is often feasible to put up a cheap board
fence as a shield. This offers, incidentally, an ideal spot for
coldframes or hotbeds, as indicated in the plan on page 97.
The character of the soil also determines the earliness of
both operations and crops. ‘The ideal soil is what is known
as a light sandy loam—the sort that does not stay “soggy”
long after a rain, that will readily crumble apart again after be-
ing compressed in the hand.
Upon my own place there is
a long strip of land ideally
“exposed”? — sheltered by a
hill and a long stone wall,
which makes a regular pocket
for the first Spring sunshine;
but it is never ready to work
until a week or ten days after
my garden is started, be-
cause it is a “muck” loam.
One must balance the argu-
ments for and against any
particular spot for the gar-
den site, and pick out the best
available. Do not worry if
you can’t get something “just
right.” Every season’s work
and observation of the re-
sults obtained by others
under adverse conditions
convinces one more and more
that it is the man (or the
woman), not the soil, that
determines the degree of
success to be achieved. Fur-
ther, do not feel that the
garden must be stuck some-
where “out of sight.” The
garden may be made an at-

as is demonstrated more

fully further on in this article.
PREPARING THE SOIL

Another feature which the

tractive feature of the place, ©

~ March, 1912

amateur is likely to give too little or no
consideration is the correct preparation
of the soil. It is as necessary, if one
would have a really successful garden,
to have this part of the work done right
as it is to lay adequate foundations for
a substantial house. Just to give this
point the emphasis which it deserves, I
want to mention a few of the reasons
why this careful preparation of the soil
is essential before describing how to
do it.

In the first place, nothing is more im-
portant to plant growth than a sufficient
supply of soil moisture. Without this,
no amount of plant food—manures, fer-
tilizers, etc.—will bring success; no
amount of care and cultivation will pro-
duce good growth. Ina sense, water 1s
to plants both drink and food, for their
food must be taken from the soil in solu-
tion. The soil serves, in a way, as a
tank for the storage of this moisture,
and the amount that can be stored de-
pends on (1) the depth of the cultivated
soil, the thoroughness with which it is broken up, or (2) the
“mechanical condition” and the amount of vegetable, spongy
matter, (3) “humus” which it contains. In the second place,
most of the “plant food” contained in the soil is in a raw
state, called ‘unavailable.’ ‘The chemical changes which
these foods—forms or compounds of nitrogen, phosphoric

succession.

Here one sees the gardener tending his rows of well-ordered vegetables.

Plant early and late varieties of peas for
There are few table vegetables
of greater value

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93

acid, and potash—must undergo before
being available are hastened by the pul-
verizing and disintegration of the soil.
Therefore it is readily seen that a thor-
ough mechanical breaking up of the
ground serves the double purpose of
making a bigger tank for the storage of
moisture and a better supplied store-
house of available plant food.

As to the actual preparation of the
garden plot, the home gardener is usual-
ly at a disadvantage. As a general
thing he can neither do the work him-
self, personally supervise it, nor get ex-
pert help to do it. All that can be said
here is that the soil should be turned
over as deeply as possible—that is, as
deeply as its former cultivation will
allow. Poor, ‘‘raw’’ subsoil should not
be turned up on top of the richer sur-
face soil to any extent. A few streaks
and patches here and there, that will be
thoroughly mixed in by harrowing, will
not be any disadvantage and will help
to “deepen” the surface soil. The turn-
ing of the soil should be done, if possible, with a plow. No
spading or digging is likely to do it as thoroughly, and it is
many times as laborious. If the patch is so small or so
situated that it must be dug by hand, see to it that it is
turned as deeply as possible and that every inch is turned.
It is getting more and more difficult to find a man who will

Every garden ought to be as well planned as the one here pictured

do a good honest job at spading. The harrowing is no less
important than the plowing. It must be not only thorough,
but deep. An Acme or one of the disc harrows is the best
to use for the first two or three times over the piece; this
should be followed by a smoothing harrow, or one of the
above set for ‘‘smoothing.”’ As the plow turns the furrow
it will leave many lumps unbroken and many empty air
spaces deep in the soil. Deep harrowing breaks up these
lumps and fills in the holes below the surface. Getting the
surface smooth by harrowing shallow, and raking, accom-
plishes the double purpose of preparing a seed-bed and a
soil mulch, about both of which more is said below.
MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

Where it is to be had, the gardener’s chief reliance should
be placed on good old well-rotted stable manure. No satis-
factory substitute has yet been found for it. When one
orders manure, it should be obtained at a reliable place, and
one should demand only that which is well rotted up, stable
and barnyard mixed. The benefit of manure as fertilizer
is due not alone to the plant food it contains, but also to
the “humus”’ it furnishes the soil, thus keeping it open and
porous and in condition to absorb and retain moisture. It
should be spread broadcast on top of the soil, two or three
inches thick, and plowed under.

In buying “‘fertilizer,” the purchaser should keep in mind
that it is the number of pounds of actual plant food—nitro-
gen, available phosphoric acid, and actual potash—that de-
termines the value of his purchase, and not the number of
pounds of fertilizer. It will be cheaper to get a high-priced
brand, such as is labelled “Market Garden” or “high-grade
potato with ro per cent. potash,” than a cheap “low-grade”’
sort. The analysis should be as near ‘4-8-10” (that 1s,
4 per cent. nitrogen, 8 per cent. available phosphoric acid,
IO per cent. actual potash) as you can find it. Better still,

a es and far cheaper, if you can
purchase the following ma-
terials, get—

Nitrateiof Sod asec acces ceeiccciesie 100 Ibs.
Muriate or sulphate of potash.... 200 “‘
Acid phosphate..-_._-..-......... 300 “
High-grade tankage.............. 400“

and mix your own fertilizer.
These amounts will give
you enough for one half to
one acre of ground, accord-
ing as they are used with or
without manure. Fertil-
izers should be spread on
broadcast after plowing,
and harrowed in. ‘There is
no danger of your getting
your garden soil too rich.
The non-professional al-
most invariably errs in the
opposite direction. A well-
enriched, well-prepared soil
is the indispensable founda-
tion of the successful garden.

PLANNING THE GARDEN

Our garden makers have
in the past given altogether
too little attention to plan-
ning their work definitely
ahead. It has, in fact, been
the opinion of some that in
so doing they would sacri-
fice part of the pleasure and
joy of garden making. I
believe this to be a great
mistake. Not only is the
eficiency of the garden in-

specimens of the common
garden Leek

Sturdy

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912 ©

A head of crisp-leaved salad Lettuce

creased by careful fore-planning, but there is a certain zest
and pleasure in taking your measured plot of soil and trying
to make it in yield and appearance come up to your ideal.
This work, as well as mastering the details of cultivation,
etc., constitute the technique of gardening. The musician’s
constant practice and study do not mean that he takes less
joy in music; your pleasure in gardening will not be lessened
by the fact that you make yourself master of the mechanical
and scientific details of the art.

The ideal to which you would work up, however, may be
one of many. Do you want a garden that will give you the
most complete and bountiful supply of vegetables possible,
or do you prefer to get the commoner sort from the green-
grocer and spend your limited garden time in growing to
perfection a few choice things, such as Asparagus, Strawber-
ries, Lima Beans, Muskmelons or Seakale? Do you want
a little “patch,” to dig around it just for the fun of the work
and to see things grow, or do you count to get what you
can for the table, and at the same time keep the garden an
ornamental feature of the place? ‘These are the general
questions which must be decided before you can go ahead
with your plans. The suggestions for planting on page 97
give possible solutions of some of these problems. They
are meant merely as suggestions, however, and may be
altered or changed to suit one’s personal taste or require-
ments. There are, however, a number of general principles,
based on good common sense, which one does well to keep
in mind when planning the garden, especially the garden
designed to furnish the greatest variety and quantity of
vegetables possible from a limited area. As such a garden
is likely to be the one most in demand, we will consider
it first.

In the first place, we must take into consideration the
fact that a number of the crops grown will occupy the
ground only part of the season; in other words, they will
mature and be cleared up in time for the ground to be used
for something else. Radishes, Lettuce, early Beets, early
Cabbage, are examples of this class. These and the late
vegetables used to follow them, such as Celery, late Cab-
bage, late Beets, are called succession crops. The garden
should be so planned with these second plantings mixed.

Then there are certain crops which, if planted at the
same time, will mature at different seasons. Often they can
be planted on the same plot, usually in alternate or skipped
rows, and the early crop is out of the way by the time the
second one needs all the space. This is called ““Companion
Cropping.” Lettuce between early Cabbage, Radishes be-
tween Carrots, Celery between Onions, are examples of this
system. Then, too, some of the taller-growing things, such
as Corn and Peas, should not be placed immediately south
of low-growing things, especially such as require all the sun-

March, 1912

This shows the formation of a good Lettuce head

shine available at all times, like early Beans for example.

There is also the matter of convenience in cultivating to
be considered. Crops that require practically the same treat-
ment, as, for instance, sowed Beets, Carrots, Parsnips and
Onions, should be kept together, especially where they are
to occupy the ground the season through. All these things
must be borne in mind in planning one’s garden for the
greatest efficiency.

The simplest, most time-saving way is to make an actual
plan of the garden, drawn to scale, like that suggested on
page 97. You will find it much more agreeable to make
your garden mistakes on paper, where they can be erased,
than in the soil, where the damage done is for the whole
season. If your garden is to be one of the other types men-
tioned, for instance, just for a few favorite vegetables, the
planning need not be so carefully done. In this case the
thing to take most pains with will be to get the proportions
right. It is no easy task to arrange your planting so that
the supply will be constant, instead of in ‘bunches’ —enough
for three families one week, and not any the next. Jf the
garden space is limited, I believe much more satisfaction is
to be had in growing the few things which the family par-
ticularly likes, than in trying to crowd in the whole list.
The possibilities of making the garden more or less of an
ornamental feature are much greater than we usually realize.
In many instances it may seem desirable to sacrifice part of
the garden, as measured by mere bulk of crop, to aesthetic
considerations. A garden planned with the idea of being in
harmony with the landscape features of a place, rather than
solely as avegetable factory, is suggested on page 97.
Where the walks are bordered with turf and a few fruit
trees may be brought within its bounds, very pleasing re-
sults can be attained.

SELECTING SEEDS AND VARIETIES

There is nothing more exasperating to the gardener than
having a crop fail because of poor seed. Having gone to
all the labor of properly preparing and fertilizing his soil
and planting; having waited and watched anxiously, and
then to have but here and there along the row a stray, strug-
gling seedling push its way through the soil, is indeed dis-
appointing. Buy always the best seed you can get. Inferior
seed is costly if it is to be had as a gift. The safest way to
buy seeds is to order them by mail from the most reliable
firm you know of. And order them early. By waiting you
may not be able to get just the varieties you want, or you
may get old or light seed.

Another thing which will require a good deal of care is
the selection of varieties. A good rule to go by is to get
several catalogues and order those varieties which are
recommended by several seedsmen. Fight shy of the “‘novel-
ties” that are lauded to the skies—and priced in the same

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 95

region. The good old standard varieties will, in the ma-
jority of cases, give you the best satisfaction, catalogue pink
pages and colored plates to the contrary notwithstanding.
In the table on page 96 are suggested sorts which, in most
instances, have been tried and given good results for years.
Each season I try out many “introductions” — I learned long
ago to get them by the packet only—and in nine cases out
of ten they are an improvement over sorts that have been
grown for years.

Do not lay every failure you have to the seedsman. In
the majority of cases the fault will prove to be, upon in-
vestigation, with your work and not with the seeds. Find
out all you can about the particular requirements of each
thing you attempt to grow. It might seem to you, for in-
stance, quite reasonable to plant all your early Peas just as
soon as you could get the ground ready. ‘The “smooth”
sorts would come up finely, while the wrinkled ones, such as
‘““Gradus,”’ would probably rot in the cold, wet soil. The
inexperienced gardener would blame this to “poor seed.”
Disgusted with one failure, he would probably re-order the
same variety from another seedsman, plant ten days later,
when things had warmed up a bit, get a good “stand,” and
be convinced that the last seedsmen were the only people
to deal with.

BUYING PLANTS

A number of the early things in the garden—Lettuce,
Cabbage, Cauliflower, Beets, etc.—will be “‘set out’’ instead
of grown from seed. The majority of small gardeners have
no greenhouse or other facilities of their own with which to
“start”? the few dozen plants required. The best way for
them is to go in person to some local florist, or market-
gardener and buy what they need. Remember, that the
quality of plants for “setting out” is not to be measured
wholly by their size. Select those which are short, “stocky”
and well “hardened off” —
that is, which have been out
of doors, day and night, for
several days. A _ tough,
purplish look does not indi-
cate that they have been in-
jured—the opposite, rather.

SOWING AND PLANTING

Just as it is vitally im-
portant to plant seeds at the
right time, so it is to plant
them at the right depth,
and in the right way. The
usual distances for depth,
etc., are given in the Plant-
ing Table herewith. The
columns showing distance
apart and distance between
rows also show the space
usually allowed, although it
may be varied one way or
the other, as space or va-
rieties make it necessary.
“UD yaw. Stony) el ial
“hills” indicate the method
of planting. The first has
reference to the sowing of
seeds continuously and
rather close together, as
with Carrots, Onions and
other “root” crops. The
second, to sowing seeds or
setting plants at regular in-
tervals, such as Okra, Pep-
pers or Cabbage. ‘“‘Hills”’
does not indicate, as many

Wax Beans are one of the best
garden crops

96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1912

EGETABLES

Amtfor Distance to Plant Depth to
Vegetables When to Plant |soft.rw. MMHERunw a /RowsiaApart Plant Class REMARKS

Asparagus (Plant)} April 50 hts 3 ft. 4 in. Plant in rows heavily manured, spreading the roots out
Asparacus (Seed)__! April-May _ 12 Fa mae, ° evenly. o not cut for use until second spring. Keep
paragus ( ) J J to 4in 16 In Lin. bed clean; cut off tops in the fall. ‘Yransplant thira
fi 2 . : ‘ spring. ;
Bean, Dwarf May 5-Aug. 15 . |2 to 4in. | 14 to 2in. elias \ The first sowing should be but an inch and later sowings
two or three inches deep. Does not require richest
: ; ; soil. Never work or pick when foliage is wet.
Bean, Lima May 20-Ju. 10} tpt. 3 in. 3 in, i B |See below.
Bean, Pole May 15-Ju. 10] 4 pt. 3 in. 3 in. 2 in. Hills should be especially prepared with old, well-rotted
manure, Building laths nailed across 2x-inch posts,
; ; ( feet high, make a better support than poles.
Beet (Early ) April-June . |38to4in. | 15 in. in. Make first sowing extra thick, as soon as ground can be
worked. Plants started under glass can be set out, 6
inches apart.
Beet (Late) April-August | loz. |3 to 4 in. 15 in. in. As above,
Broccoli April-July 35 18 in. Diite tin. j} {Similar to Cauliflower, but hardier.
Borecole (Kale) __- April-July 25 18 in. 24 ft. tin. See Kale.
Brussels Sprouts--- April-July 35 18 in. 2 it. 4 an. : Improved by frost. One of the best winter vegetables.
Cabbage (Early )_- April 18 in. 2 ft. + in. Give richest and deepest soil. Keep free from green cab-
bage worm. Cultivate often. Can be set out as early
as ground can be worked.
Cabbage (Late)___| May-June 24 it. 24 ft. As above.
Carrot April-July 2 to 3 in. 15 in. Lin. 1.B |Soil should be deep and not too rich. Apt to come up
: : aye n too thick and need thinning.
Cauliflower April-June 18 in. Dialites 4 in. A-C-k} Not quite as hardy as cabbage. Must have water at head-
ing period. Tie up leaves over head as soon as it
forms.
Celery (Plants)____| July 1-Aug. 1 | 100 6 in. 3 to4ft. |4to4+in. | A-E |See below.
Celery (Seed ) April loz. | 1 to 2 in leis A Start early crop under glass (Feb.-Mar.) and main crop
outside under glass in seedbed (April). Transplant be-
fore setting in permanent position. Must have moist-
% ; ure and be “blanched” with either boards or soil.
May 10-July 1} 4pt. 5 3 to 4 ft. : B-E |Frequent shallow cultivation is the secret of success in
Erowine corn. Allow but four to five stalks to each
nill.

May 10-July 1} $02. ite 4 ft. in. A-B |For extra early plants, start seed in inverted sods in
- é ° frames. Make rich hills. Kee ff the Striped Beetle!
s 90) « 5) 5 i : 19 0) Ig
June 1-June20) 25 2) it. Give neat soil. Must be watched and watered in dry
a ae F , : weather. Keep off the striped Potato Beetle.
April-August | }oz. . 1 it. yin. Best for fall use. Prepare ground as for lettuce, but must
be blanched by tying up or shading.

yale ole oril- 25 OL ee
Kale (Borecole)___) April-July a) . 27 ft. £ in. Sort of bouquet cabbage, used as “greens.” Improved by
frost, and should be grown for winter.

x ea 2 a Yeas n 9 Sin. . 7 3
Kohl-rabi April-June 40Z. ]6to12im.} 18 in >in. As easily grown as turnips. Use when small (not more

x : i]- < ie . than two inches in diameter).
Lettuce April-August | } oz. 1 ft. 1 to 1 ft. yin. Make successive plantings every ten days, using loose-

head types in mid-summer. Quality depends on quick
April toz. |2 to 4 in. 15 in. $n. r results, transplant and keep hilled up to
h

Melon, Musk May 15-Ju. toz. | 4 to 6ft. | 4 to 6 ft 1 in, Light warm soil. Same care as cucumber.

Melon, Water May 15-Ju. 15] $0z. | 6 to 8 ft. | 6 to 8 ft. 1 in. Make rich hills. To insure ripening, pinch back the vines
: tt He a A dieer 154 4 5 at about six feet. :
Onion Apri toz. | 2 to4in. In. + to lin. For big specimens, start indoors and transplant. Plant
outside crop as soon as the ground is ready. Soil must
rv e a ; be perfectly prepared.
May 15-Ju. 15} } 02. 2 its 3 ft. 4to lin. Plant only after soil is thoroughly warmed up. Seed

in drills.

April-May + oz. | + to 6 in. 1 ft. sin, Soak seeds before planting and put a few radish seeds
iL
1

April with them to mark rows, as parsley germinates slowly.
April 10-Ju.15

oz. | 3 tod In. 18 in, ¢ to Lin. Sow early in deepest soil available. Thin out while small.
pt. | 2 to 4in. 4 ft. 2

to 3 in. Plant early! Sow in double rows, and give brush or sup-
ports between. First sowing one inch and later two or

; 3 ; H i four inches deep.

Peas (Smooth) ____ April 1-Aug. ily} al pt. | 2 to 4 in. 2 ft. 2 to 3 in. As above.

Pepper (Plants) ---} June 1 to 20 25 | 2 it. 2 ft. ; Same treatment as egg-plant.

Pepper (Seed) -__-] June 1 foz.|}3to6in. | 151n. ¢ in. As above.

Potato April 15-Ju. 20); peck} 13 in. 25 ft. |4 to 6 in. For best results, use light but rich soil, finely prepared,

and cut pieces to one or two eyes. Cultivate fre-
: : " ; ; quently, and keep Potato Bugs away.
Pumpkin May 1-Ju. 20 » | 6 to 8 ft. | 6 to 8 ft. JL to 14 Mm. Use the “sugar” or ‘pie’ variety. Same care as squash.
Radish April 1-Sep. 1] 4 0z. | 2 to 3 in. 1 ft. 41n. Plant every week for best quality. Add land-plaster to
. : i the soil. Water if dry.
Rhubarb (Plants) _| April 2 to 3ft. | 3 to 4 ft. Set out root-clumps. Give them dressing of bone meal
it 5 , and soda in the spring.

Salsify April-May # 02z. | 3 to 6 in. 18 in. 1 in. One of the best vegetables grown. Treat same as

pc ve: = S : or F 2 parsnip.

Spinach April1-Sep. 15] 4 oz. | 3 to 5 in. 18 in. lin. Swiss chard, while not strictly a spinach, should be trieé
With many it is entirely replacing the latter. Both

is 4 ; should be grown as rapidly as possible.

Squash, Summer-__] May 15-July 1 ; 4 in. 4 it. 1 to 2 in. Hills should be well enriched. Use coal ashes with the

manure. Protect growing plants from Striped Beetle
i : 7 and other insects.

Squash, Winter ___} May15-June 20 . |6 to 8 in. 1 to 2 in. Naaboure:

Tomato (Plants) _.| May15-July20} : 3 ft. 3 ft. 4in, Set out when danger of frost is over. Enrich soil with
bone flour. Lath supports (see beans, pole) are an

; . improvement over poles. Keep tied up and remove all
Tomato (Seed) -_-_-]| June . 13 to4in, 15 in, + in. “suckers.”

Turnip April-Sep. z. |4to6in. 15 in, 4 4in, C Quality is better on sandy soil. Plant frequently and
I use when small.

Dates given are for latitude of New York. Each 100 miles north or south will make a difference of from 5 to 7 days in the season.
The distances given here indicate the distance apart the plants should stand after thinning. The seed should be sown much nearer
together. (A) These plants may be started early (in. the greenhouse or hotbed, in early spring, or outdoors in the seedbed later), and
afterwards transplanted to their permanent location. (B) These crops usually occupy the ground for the entire season. (C) These are
quick maturing crops which, for a constant supply, should be planted at several different times in “succession”’—a week or two weeks
apart. (D) These are crops which often may be cleared off in time to permit planting another quickly maturing crop, usually of some
early variety. (lH) These crops are supplementary to those in Class D, and may be used to obtain a second crop out of the ground from
which early crops have been cleared. The abbreviation Ju. here used indicates the month of June.

March, 1912

beginners think, that
the seeds should be
planted on miniature
mounds, but that the
seeds or plants are
put in at regular dis-
tances— usually the
same in each direc-
tion—with the pur-
pose of cultivating
both ways, as with
corn (sometimes), or

Asparagus

Lee ee ee
Carrots, Early 4 45

melons, or squashes. Beets ,_ Ear!

One thing above all Beets, Late 4
must be kept in mind jUEnipS= mare Pau 2:
in planting seeds,
“ee de
weather -— firm the

Peas, Late 2 6

OS OIE AT ie 3

Water Melons hummer Bush 6H 4
I2 Hills Squash Vine 4H 4
I h | 8
Winter eauast

seeds in the soil.
Seeds, particularly
small seeds, planted
loosely in dry soil are
the cause of more
poor _ germination
than any other single
garden error. After
sowing, and before
covering, press the
seeds down into the
soil firmly, with the back of a narrow hoe or rake or the
flat of the shoe. If it is important to get the soil firm in

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

110 feet.

Diagram of a home vegetable garden 110x110 feet square

sowing seeds, it is
doubly so in setting
out plants. Having
got the ground ready
and the rows marked
out, take the plants
out of boxes or pots
with as little disturb-
ance as possible,
make a hole with
fingers, trowel or dib-
ber, and set the ball
of roots down into it.
Cover in with fresh
soil and press down
evenly and firmly as
possible. Then, when
you finish the row,
come back over it and
set the plants still
more firmly by plac-
ing the soles of the
shoes one on either
side of the plant and
letting the weight of
the body bear down
upon them. The ma-
jority of plants so
“‘firmed,”’ even in the
very driest of weather, may be thoroughly relied upon to
live, and this operation in planting must not be overlooked.

Seed - Bed |

Cabbage, Early
Cabbage Late
Wer Far! Pe
awe Ate m=
ruesels - sprouts
Lettuce

l
3

>
Mus Melons

6
Potatoes, Early 4 10

Potatoes, Late |

A Chalet on the Maine Coast

By Russell F. Porter

CHANCE summer wanderer to Land’s End,
late in the season of 1909, was very much
taken with a certain spot on the ocean shore
where the ledges formed a natural bathtub.
By this is meant a depression in the rocks,
just below high tide, where the salt water
is warmed by the sun, and bathing in the cold waters of
the Maine coast is rendered comfortable. Twice a day,
high tides clear and replenish the reservoir.

“Build me a cottage here,” said the summer pilgrim,
standing on the raised beach directly back of the bathtub.
“Cut no more trees than necessary; construct the building
so as to accommodate three or four persons, but make it
cozy; reduce household drudgery to a minimum; give me a
sleeping-porch and a fireplace, and use whatever style you
will. But it must come under six hundred dollars and you
must first find me drinking water.”

With these requirements on the part of his client, the
artist-builder set to work. He was fortunate with the well,
over which he had held grave doubts. After all, a sure
source of good water is a first essential. Fall was then well
over, but he knew the value of getting the foundations down
before Winter set in, for he must lay the sills before the
frost was out of the ground the following Spring. But the
cottage would not take shape, neither in his mind nor on
paper, and time went by.

In January he went sketching in Italy. On his flying re-
turn across the Continent he passed through Switzerland in
the daytime, by the St. Gotthard route. ‘‘There,” he ex-
claimed, as the train emerged from the long tunnel and
pulled up at a small hamlet where the firs and spruces walled

in the houses in dense masses of deep green. ‘‘There,” he
exclaimed again, the blue shadows on the snowdrifts making
him homesick for New England, “I will build for my Sum-
mer home a Swiss chalet such as these. ‘The setting will be
highly appropriate. Why not a Swiss chalet, modified to
fit the Maine coast ?”

As the train wound down through the valley, the artist-
builder was busy with his sketchbook, catching fugitive de-
tails needed from the brown huts hugging the mountain sides.
And so the chalet was born. Bedrock was just under the
grass roots, and it allowed him a concrete floor to the porch,
also a hearth to the fireplace that completely filled the ingle-
nook, at a low cost. Gravel ranging from coarse sand to
pebbles the size of hens’ eggs was there for the asking, and
a few barrels of cement did the rest.

The colossal scale of the gable being the characteristic
feature of Swiss houses caused the builder some concern, as
this construction is entirely honest and the beams are all
hewn by the axe. He solved it by buying an old nearby barn,
tearing it down and using the heavy frame for the living-
room posts, the floor beams overhead and the roof purlins.
A shipyard furnished six huge ship’s knees, which amply
bracketed out and supported the porch and the roof over-
head.

The brown, almost black, color of Swiss beams was
obtained by staining them with tar and linseed oil. Cypress
shingles laid well to the weather covered the walls down
to the line of the window stools, and from there down the
walls, after first applying a heavy builder’s paper, were
covered with spruce slabs, the bark on, their sides edged, and
running up and down. This up-and-down treatment per-

Here one sees pictured an interesting chalet type of Summer cottage, del

mitted the slabs coming clear
to the ground and covering
the unsightly spaces below the
sills, so often seen under cot-
tages supported by piers or
posts. More for effect under
the gable than for utility, the
roof rafters were covered with
three-inch strapping, to which
the shingles were nailed.
Inside, the plan is simplicity
itself. It comprises a small
low-beamed living- and din-
ing-room and inglenook com-
bined, a bedroom and a
kitchen. The living-room is
one step below these other
rooms, and has a shelf at the
height of a platerail appear-
ing and disappearing be-
tween the heavy posts and
wall openings. The windows
here are small-pane case-
ments and swing outward. A
tiny flight of stairs leaves the
inglenook for the chamber
overhead. Opposite it is a
built-in couch with _ book-
shelves handy, and between,
the firebreast boasts a large
metal hood, across which is
beaten in, with a nail-set, the
legend, Sic Habitat Felicitas.

The face of the fireplace has the butts of clinker brick show-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Hood over Pores

INGLE NOOK
Brick hearth

CONCRETE FoRcH
6-0" x 17-0"

First-floor plan of a chalet on the Maine coast

ightfully situated on the edge of the picturesque shore of the Maine coast

March, 1912

ef.

leaden surfaces of these
bricks contrast pleasantly
with their red neighbors.
The ample hearth is of brick,
laid in herring-bone pattern,
worthy of the nook.

Above, the large chamber
gives through a glass door to
the sleeping-porch, tucked up
under the gable. Here the
weary city worker sleeps the
clock around and absorbs the
heavy balsam odors against
another year of toil among
the cliff dwellers. Here he
looks over the tumble of
ledges with its natural bath-
tub, looks out across the At-
lantic Ocean, with nothing be-
tween him and Spain but the
heaving deep. The outlook is
hardly that of a Swiss chalet,
hardly suggestive, perhaps,
of anything approaching Al-
pine scenery by reason of the
sea taking the place of moun-
tains, but the cottage itself
seems remarkably at home in
its surroundings. And from
the water this abode, with its

- Mullein-green roof, its brown

and gray walls, and a figure
lazily stretched out on the

high-backed settle of the porch, appear to be saying,

ing hit-and-miss across the different courses. The glazed “It is well worth six hundred dollars.” And it truly is!

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 99

Door-Knockers

Along Old Lines

By Hewitt Trent Cooper
Photographs by T. C. Turmer

Gothic door-knocker

sa)| HERE is always delightful suggestion in the
{| coming upon a door having a knocker. De-
spite our ingenious era, with its endless
system of electric bells, there
is nothing that quite takes the
place of the old-fashioned
door-knocker in the matter of external evi-
dences of the hospitality to be expected from
within. Surely the one-time pull-bell, herald-
ing the visitor’s approach like a terrifying
clash of cymbals divided into echoing suc-
cessions of noisy sound, and as often coming
out by the roots, to the said visitor’s discom-
fiture, could not obliterate from the memory
the cheery sound of the tap at the door of
the knocker that sought, in a sense, to imitate
man’s signal and save his knuckles. That the
old-fashioned door-knocker had a decorative
value as well as its utilitarian one further en-
deared it to custom. Indeed, despite the
changes of our own day, we have been not
only reluctant to give up the beloved door-
knocker, but we have made up our minds to
restore it to its old place of honor. Some of

us do this for aesthetic reasons, while others permit it to
maintain its utilitarian offices.

Indeed, it is possible to
adapt the door-knocker of
the days gone by to our
present needs by contriv-
ing to fit it with hidden
electric connection, so that
we knock and ring at one

Falstaff door-knocker

Windsor Stag door-knocker

Bae Le

Colonial door-knocker
and the same time. The writer has seen several door-
knockers of this sort, so fitted that raising the knocker pro-
duced connection with the electrical current, which caused
the bell to ring in its place inside the house.
For the small house, the knocker itself
usually suffices to inform the occupants that
the visitor is without, and in modern cottage
architecture we find its use returning to such
an extent that our leading manufacturers of
architectural hardware are making a spe-
cialty of attractive door-knockers, especially
of reproductions of famous old door-knockers
or adaptations of old patterns. Arts and
crafts workers, too, are turning their atten-
tion to the subject of designing door-knockers
along artistic modern lines, and the German
artists, particularly those of Munich and of
Darmstadt, have produced some very fine
work along original lines. It is very interest-
ing to be the possessor of a door-knocker
that is unique, that has been especially de-
signed for one’s own house, carrying with it
the distinction of its own individuality, but
since everyone cannot indulge even in the
limited luxury of an object to order of this sort, it is fortu-
nate that one may now purchase fine reproductions in bronze,
brass and wrought iron of
historic knockers, faithfully
copied, many of them from
originals now treasured in
the various museums of
Europe and America.

100

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

How to Make Good Lawns

By Albert Lewis

HE lawn is a canvas on which the landscape
picture is created, and it not only forms the
largest part of most ground views, but is an
element of beauty in itself, and surely the
verdant sward is the most beautiful element
in the composition. The lawn to most peo-
ple is thought of as being merely the closely-cut area about
the house, but all lawns are not necessarily clipped, and
among the most beautiful lawns of the pasture are those
that have been allowed to grow naturally and to display
their beautiful shades of rich bronze and green.

The greatest mistakes in lawn-making are caused by em-
ploying the wrong cultural methods, and varieties of seed,
in the problem in hand. Let us assume that we have a new
home, and have completed the grading operations, and the
top soil has been placed over the filled material to a depth
of at least six inches, and that a gradual, sloping grade has
been established for proper drainage. If the ground is low
and damp, or has a subsoil of clay, it would be best, at the
start, to lay drain pipes from two to three feet below its
surface, running toward the lowest point, there to empty
into a main-drain, gutter or disposal plant.
should be at least thirty feet apart,
especially in a heavy clay-soil, and
lateral drains would be advisable in
a very low section. “The best drain-
pipe is the burnt-clay tile sort, laid
end to end, with a fall of one inch
in six feet, taking care that the bot-
tom of the trench is a constant grade.
so that the pipes will not be clogged.
Over these pipes the fill should be of
stone or gravel, to convey the water
to the intersections where they enter
the pipe, and to prevent the looser
material from clogging the drain;
then the top soil should be placed,
thus completing the grade. A study
of the soil is first necessary as to its
richness and texture; whether sour

These drains

or sweet; and its stony condition. Soil that is rich is very
often acid, which can be corrected by applying air-slaked
lime in sufhcient quantity to correct the acidity. This can
be determined by a litmus paper test, familiar to everyone.

With sandy soil, the question of fertility is of prime im-
portance. The cheapest means of securing it is by Fall
plowing or early Summer plowing for the year to come, sow-
ing down the area with a leguminous cover crop, whose roots
will collect and store nitrogen from the air. In the follow-
ing Spring this crop is plowed under for use as fertilizer.
Where the lawn must be made without this previous prepa-
ration, the entire area should be covered with at least fifteen
tons of well-rotted manure, preferably cow manure, which
does not contain weed seed, and then plowed in. Whére this
is not possible, chemical fertilizer should be used in the
following quantities: five hundred pounds of a standard
phosphate with two hundred pounds of nitrate of soda per
acre, and thoroughly plowed in. This applies to stony
ground, from which the stones in the first three inches of
depth have been removed by raking, and also to hillside
conditions, where the soil is usually poor. After this fertil-
izing, and when the soil is perfectly mellow and a smooth
surface is secured by constant work
with an iron rake, we are ready to
sow, which operation must be done
on a day when the wind will not
_blow the seed. In the matter of va-
riety, seed should be selected for the
soil and shade conditions. In an
open lawn, under ordinary condi-
tions, a good mixture is five bushels
per acre of Poa Pratensis mixed with
Agrostis Acamna.

For somewhat shaded areas, a
mixture should be used of Poa Ne-
moralis and Festuca Helero Phylla.
For use under trees, where it is dif-
ficult to secure a lawn of any kind,
the ground should be covered with
Myrtle or Hedera Ivy. After the

March, 1912

seeding has been applied, going
over the surface twice from op-
posite directions, the area should
be again raked and treated with a
heavy roller till perfectly level.

After two weeks, or when the
lawn starts to grow, all weeds
should be removed by hand pro-
cess for the first part of the Sum-
mer, although a lawn properly
made will contain very few weeds.
When the grass is three to four
inches high it should be cut with a
scythe till strong enough to bear
the mower. Should any bare spots
appear, they must be made mellow
and again seeded down. The ex-
pense of constructing a lawn in this
way, under ordinary conditions, would be about $60.00
per acre, the seed and manure costing $40.00 and the labor
about $20.00.

In the treatment of old lawns that have become poor
through a lack of fertility, they should be either entirely
plowed up, after covering the entire area with twenty tons
of manure per acre, and constructed as is prescribed for a
new lawn, or temporarily maintained by a top dressing with
about two inches of rich top soil, mixed with chemical fertil-
izer, and seeded down and rolled, although this process is
nearly as expensive as overhauling and making an entirely
new lawn, which would last for many years.

The annual treatment of a lawn requires the use of a
heavy roller in the Spring, after the early rains, and again
about June, and in September. During the Summer dry
spell, where a lawn is built on shallow top soil or with in-
sufficient drainage, and where plants are shallow rooted, the
area must be watered artificially. Other than the usual
cutting with the lawn-mower, there is no other care, unless
the entire area be covered with manure in December, and
after the Spring rains have washed the nutriment into the
soil, the spreading be removed..

Now that we have discussed the method of making the
lawn, let us see what things we must not do in the operation.

When this lawn is fully “‘grown’’ it will be one of the attractive

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

features of the house,

We should not attempt to make a
lawn on soil that is not naturally
rich till it has been thoroughly fer-
tilized. A precaution in the matter
of manure is that green manure
contains weed seed, and a satisfac-
tory lawn cannot be made with it.
The physical condition of the soil
should be very mellow and friable.
This is secured only by plowing
twice, in opposite directions, and if
a clayey soil, a subsoil plow should
be then used to give the lawn depth
and to supply better drainage. On
sandy soils, the matter of drainage
generally cares for itself, although
a gradual slope from the house
should always be provided for; but
ona heavier clayey soil a soggy condition exists at certain sea-
sons of the year, and this excess water must be immediately
removed through the employment of ample artificial sub-
drains. Ground that is drained furnishes a greater area
for root growth, and lawns that are subdrained are less apt
to dry out during seasons of drought or to freeze during
severe Winters, and such lawns always present a healthier,
greener appearance, because of their extra feeding ground
and abundant supply of plant food. These lawns are more
permanent and satisfactory.

A word about the variety of seed. The seedsman in
your locality has made a test of the varieties best suited to
your local climate and soil conditions, and has a mixture of
seed better adapted than one that you might prepare your-
self. The very best quality should always be bought, and
usually at an advanced price. Such seed are free from
weeds, and it is cheaper to avoid weeds by purchasing the
best quality of seed.

Where there is considerable shade, and in such localities
that will be constantly damp, it is unwise to attempt to de-
velop a lawn. If you are not fond of Myrtle or Honey-
suckle, raise such herbaceous plants as Iris, Lily of the Val-
ley and other Lilies, Yucca, etc. Where the grade is steep,

(Continued on page 108)

“"

nm
a
|

aoe ce eo OSI DRISD SSE

for which it forms a yery appropriate setting

abr ee" |

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration. Stamps
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

March, 1912

THE VALUE OF “EFFECT” IN INTERIOR DECORATIONS
By Harry Martin Yeomans

NE need not despair of getting satisfactory
results, when decorating the rooms of an old
house, or even those of a new one, where
existing conditions have to be coped with,
and for economic reasons it is expedient to
make the best of poorly designed woodwork,
ceilings that are either too high or too low, windows that
are badly placed, and-so-forth. This has special reference
to rented houses or apartments, where, although the archi-
tectural defects cannot actually be changed, one can create
an “effect” or optical illusion, so to speak, which will do
much towards blotting them out and make objectional fea-
tures less apparent. By emphasizing the good points of an
interior and keeping the bad features in the background,
even the most unpromising material can be molded into a
homelike and artistic room. We must first create a suitable
setting for our furniture and pictures, however, and this can
only be accomplished by first getting a harmonious back-
ground, in which each component part keeps its proper place
and against which our furniture will appear to the best
advantage.

PLENTIFUL use of paint and wall-paper, when prop-

erly applied, is an excellent antidote for remedying the
defects of a poor interior. The badly designed wood trim
of a room will not be so conspicuous if it is treated to a few
coats of paint, slightly darker in tone than the color that is
going to be used on the walls. The paint should have a
dull, flat surface when dry, as it will give a much better effect
than a hard enameled or glossy finish. By having the side
walls and woodwork almost the same tone
of color, the outline of the woodwork will
be softened to a very considerable degree
and the two will blend harmoniously to-
gether. In this manner uncompromising
woodwork can be “painted out’’ and its de-
fects will pass almost unnoticed. If the wood
trim is good enough to stand white paint, let
it be a deep ivory-white, which is so much
more attractive than the pure white or blue-
white which is so often used.

The plain or almost plain wall-papers,
those printed in two tones of the same color
and having a small repeat, which have the
effect of plain papers at a little distance, will
make small rooms appear larger, while wall
coverings having large designs of contrast-
ing colors, and dark tapestry papers, will
have the opposite effect, and should be
avoided in small rooms when the appearance

In a hall of this size, flooded with
light, the dark - figured papers in
eeaee aioe oe ot E aT out was deemed best to do over only a few of

of greater space is desired. The two-toned of place

striped papers, or wall-papers having small designs arranged
in an up-and-down pattern, will have a tendency to make a
room appear higher than it really is if the paper is run right up
to the ceiling and finished with a narrow molding. To obtain
the opposite effect and reduce the apparent height of a room,
one must create interesting lines running around the room
parallel with the lines of the floor and ceiling. This can be
accomplished by using either a high or low wainscoting
or a dado, or, in a living-room or library, low bookcases or
built-in book shelves would help along this effect. ‘Tinting
the side wall the same color as the ceiling to a depth of
twenty-seven inches or more and running the wall-paper up
to this tinted frieze is an easy method of decreasing the ap-
parent height of a room. In a bedroom, the floral crown
effects in wall-papers will accomplish the same result.

Color also plays an important part in redeeming an un-
sightly interior. North rooms that do not get the direct
rays of “Old Sol” can be made sunny and bright by choos-
ing wall coverings of yellow, neutral orange, terra-cotta, old
gold, and the rose tints. All of the pumpkin-yellows and
warm browns in which yellow predominates will brighten
up a cold room. A room that is sunny for the greater part
of the day can take a wall-paper of gray neutral blue or
green. These are the cool receding colors and the blue
and green should only be used in well-lighted interiors, as
these two colors absorb the light.

The problem of window openings that are too high can
have this difficulty overcome by having window-seats and
using a valance and sill-length over-curtains. At low win-
dows one can gain height by having the over-curtains hung
in long straight folds coming all the way to the floor. Solid
color floor coverings, or those having a simple border de-
sign, will make the floor area appear greater
than when the eye is attracted by designs
placed here and there on a plain background.

One can immediately reduce the apparent
size of a room by placing a small table or
other piece of furniture in the center of it,
which makes it apparent at once that in small
houses and apartments, where the effect of
greater space is desired, the furniture
should be kept away from the center of the
room as far as it is practical to do so.

What had originally been a long, high-
ceilinged, formal parlor, in one of the Man-
sard-roof houses with which we are all fa-
miliar, was transformed into a homelike and
comfortable living-room by the ingenuity of
the amateur decorator in a family that had
but recently rented the house. A very limited
sum was allowed for redecorating, and it

the rooms at first, instead of attempting to

March, 1912

stretch the small appropriation over the entire house. So
it was decided to spend the largest amount on the living-
room and let brains make up for the lack of dollars.

As this room was on the southwestern side of the house,
a green color scheme was used. ‘The ceiling was covered
with a sage-green cartridge paper, which was carried down
on the side-wall to a depth of thirty-six inches, and the bal-
ance of the wall space was covered with the same kind of
paper, only of a slightly darker tone of green. The plain
molding, placed at the bottom of the frieze, and all of the
very ornamental woodwork, was painted a flat dark green.
The white marble mantel was also painted the same color.

Two high narrow windows, with a pier mirror between
them, were at one end of the room. To reduce the ap-
parent height of these windows, an effect was created of
throwing them together and making one wide window. A
seat was built into each, the long pier mirror removed, and
in its stead plain bookshelves four and a half feet high
were built between the windows. The space above was oc-
cupied by a plaster bas-relief in deep ivory tones. To
combine the whole and make the illusion complete, a box-
plaited valance was carried across both windows, as well
as the intervening space, and extended a foot beyond the
woodwork. This valance covered the brass rod from which
hung two curtains, one only being used at each window.
These curtains did not really cover the windows, but were
hung over the wood trim and the wall for the space of a
foot, so as to give added width to the windows. A section
of the pier mirror, just the length of the mantel, was framed
in a narrow flat molding, painted to match the woodwork,
and placed over the mantelpiece. The small rugs were laid
the narrow way of the room, and the mahogany furniture

eee 0 ST SRNR Fae RE
« —
eke

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Panelling will often apparently reduce the height of rooms where the effect of lower ceilings is desired

103

was arranged in two groups at either end. The color of the
walls and woodwork, the arrangement of the draperies,
rugs and furniture, the placing of the mirror over the
mantel, all helped to reduce the apparent height of this
room and also to give it an appearance of greater width, by
creating lines running contrary to the long lines of the floor
and ceiling.

COLOR SCHEME FOR A DINING-ROOM
READER requests a suggestion for a dining-room
color scheme. The room faces north, is large, and is

lighted by two windows. The woodwork is varnished pine
and matches in color the golden oak furniture. There is a
chair rail that must not be removed. The carpet is dark
blue and terra cotta.

The carpet ties one to blue or terra cotta for the color
scheme, but as a large mass of terra cotta is not pleasing
with varnished pine, it would be best to have a blue or blue
and green scheme. Fortunately there are many beautiful
wall-papers in these two colorings. The wall below the chair
rail should have a plain surface burlap, book-cloth or silk-
fibre, stronger in general tone than the figured paper above.
A well-designed paper that will not weary the eye in the blue
and soft green may be chosen. A second choice may be con-
sidered for the upper walls among the tapestries; many of
these have a good deal of wood color that makes them har-
monious with golden oak; they also come with touches of
terra cotta in the fruit. A tapestry paper is often the most
successful choice if articles in the room have seen wear. The
medley of neutral shades blends with an old carpet, when a
most beautiful paper, chosen only for its color and design,
would make the old things look dreary. In our case, the tap-
estry paper must lean to bluish foliage rather than to green.

104 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Ayound the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

March, 1912

MARCH PLANS FOR NEXT SUMMER’S GARDEN
AND HINTS FOR THIS MONTH'S WORK.

HE mere mention of the month of March
conjures up for one the vision of Springtime.
Alas, that we have to confess that the poets
who sing so pleasantly of the awakening sea-
son carry us by their enthusiasm beyond the
realm of facts as we encounter them in our
climate. We who are patiently awaiting the coming of
Spring and the bursting forth of all the earth into buds of
the Plum, the Peach, the Quince, the Cherry, and the Apple
blossom; we who long to discover the first Snowdrop or the
first Crocus, and who look forward to the first gorgeous
Tulip or purple Hyacinth, that shall herald the coming of
the glorious garden time in earnest; we who wrap ourselves
in such expectations are apt to be downcast by the stern
realities of sleet and rain and slush, and the favors of
Goddess Flora deferred. We are apt then to be angry with

; hy AN

‘
en 0 S77 aps & a
BAP ORM a 7 ON ate cone

hes eee J hee be,
, 4 zy 6, a% Ui aia a4
i)

Spring will soon be with us in earnest, the lovely, delicate Snowdrop
its earliest harbinger — -

the poets, to wish to reorganize the kalendar, or to find a
subterfuge for our disappointments in the old adage that
gives March’s entrance the similitude of that of the Lion
or of the Lamb, as the case may be. However, we shall find
stirring us into a happier frame of mind that indefinable
something that tells us with unerring certainty when Spring
is here, despite any of the astronomical observations of the
industrially wise to the contrary in point of time.
O let us not expect to hasten Nature’s bounty, and do not
let us become impatient. Instead, let us remember what
a lot of things we really have on hand this month to think
about in preparing for the season soon to approach. You
will wish, for instance, to avoid the Spring rush. There will
be a lot of cleaning up that can be done during the thaws
that are sure to come this month. If your last year’s gar-
den failed by reason of your not being able to obtain a
sufficient supply of fertilizing material—perhaps you neg-
lected this—you can arrange now for the supply of stable
or barnyard manure your garden will require. If you do
not do this in time, Summer may find your garden out-
rivalled by your more provident neighbor.
F course, your hardy Roses must be pruned before the
latter part of the month—one cannot dream of June
gardens, neglect this pruning, and expect the Roses to be all
one has dreamed they should be. Grapevines and fruit-
trees will need pruning, too, though, of course, the experi-
enced gardener will know that neither bush fruit (berries)
nor sirubs that flower early should be pruned at this time.
It migit prove fatal to their growth.
HE reader of Mr. F. F. Rockwell’s very excellent
article on hotbeds and coldframes in the February num-
ber of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will probably be
prepared by now to try the experiment of introducing a hot-
bed or coldframe in his garden, if he has never had one
before. Of course, the sash already glazed for hotbeds or
coldframes may be purchased from manufacturers of green-
houses or ordered through one’s seedsman. It is well to
remember that by having a hotbed or coldframe, or both,
one may steal a march on the season either in the matter of
flowers or of vegetables.
S to the seed to sow in hotbeds this month, one may sow
Lettuce, Peas, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onions, Radishes
and Celery, to mention but a few of the vegetables, and as
far north as Baltimore those vegetables requiring much soil
heat, such as Melons, Cucumbers and Tomatoes, may be
started now, early in the month.
HE Asparagus bed and the Rhubarb rows should be
put in shape as soon as the weather permits. Nitrate
of soda and common salt should be sprinkled upon the top
soil at this time, for these plants need this sort of food be-
fore Spring comes on.

NOTHER thing that will keep the amateur gardener .

from being idle this month:is the matter of spraying

March, 1912

trees and shrubs in time, as a protection against the pests
that attack them. The garden-maker will do well to study
up the matter now and to begin ordering and mixing the
insecticides and fungicides he may find his garden in need of.

OR the garden of any extent, one recommends the pur-

chase of aroller. It will be fowl useful in many ways. In
the first place, it is both a necessity and a convenience in
the matter of making paths and in lawn making, aside from
its value as an accessory in keeping up a tennis court.
Apropos of the matter of lawn making, it will be well for
the garden-beginner to watch the lawn for an indication that
frost has left the ground, and then to remove any leaves,
mulch or litter that has been allowed to rest on the lawn
throughout the Winter; otherwise the grass roots will take
a premature start, subsequently suttering by this.

PROPAGATING THE CHRISTMAS ROSE

NE of the readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR-
O DENS has written the Editor an interesting letter about
the article, ““The Christmas Rose,” which appeared in the
December number of this magazine. The writer tells us
that he has found a good stiff soil, into which leaf-mold
well decayed has been worked, to be best suited to this plant
(Helleborus niger). The end of March, he finds, unless
the season is a very late one, that it is
safe to dig up the roots, trimming off
all the very long ends. He then plants

Viva
Caer . . FAs Ay)
these slicings in the soil under protec-

i Hd Ae

tion, and has found that they will send ve Mee Ti
se Ah
forth new roots below and leaf buds ; PA Ian HN
: AN WR
above. ve Hi ce
WARDIAN CASES fh wR

HE Wardian case should be better

known to indoor gardeners, as there
are many interesting sorts of plants that
one may grow therein which could not
otherwise be raised successfully except
in a heated greenhouse. Wardian cases
are enclosed boxes of glass, and may
be procured from any seedsman or
through any florist. All sorts of minia-
ture rockeries may be constructed there-
in, bearing in mind the fact that the soil
placed in the case must be perfectly
drained and composed of leaf-mold,
sand and loam, with bits of charcoal to keep it sweet. Small
plants are the proper sort for the Wardian case, and such
ferns as the Maidenhair (Adiatum capillus Veneris, As-
plenium trichomanes, Pteris serrulata) and the Selaginellas

The Yucca is one of the best foliage plants for indoors or outside.

AMERICAN HOMES

Ad i

As 3

iM si
Wy.

A bird ae ay an a Genian
landscape architect for a Bavarian garden.
The arrangement of the Weeping Willow
called for by the design is especially pleasing

AND GARDENS

10$§

WA little a like this would is a joy in every garden

(S. grandis, S. Kraussiana, S. umbrosa and some others)
are excellent adjuncts to its plant life.
HEIGHT OF PLANTS FOR THE HERBA-
CEOUS BORDER

HE following is a brief list of her-

baceous plants for the border, se-
lected with reference to height. The
list does not pretend to be inclusive in
any sense, but will suggest some of the
most satisfactory varieties for the pur-
pose of border planting. Plants reach-
ing a height of two feet— Achillea,
Antirrhinums, Aquilegia, Aster Alpinus,
Campanula muralis, Delphinium nudi-
caule, Lobelia cardinalis, Papaver nudi-
caule, Plumbago Larpentae, Primula
Japonica, Ranunculus aconiti-folius,
Saxifraga granulata, Trillium grandi-
florum and Veronica. Plants reaching
a height of between two and four feet—
Achillea millifolium roseum, Aconitum,
Anemone Japonica, Aster ericoides,
Campanula persicifolia alba _ plena,
Chrysanthemum, Geum rivale, Iris Germanica, Lilium Can-
didum, Lychnis, Paeony, Phlox, Pyrethrum, Rudbeckia and
Yucca augustifolia. Plants reaching a height of over four
feet—A ster Novi-angliae, Delphinium, Helianthus, Lilium
auratum, Polygonum, Rudbeckia maxima and Solidago.

TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING FERNS

READER writes to ask for information concerning
A the technical phrases used in connection with various
writings upon the subject of Fern culture, and as this may
be a matter of interest to others as well, the following ex-
planations are here set forth: The non-flowering plants
are called Cryptograms, and Ferns fall within this nomencla-
ture. Those Ferns having creeping stems have the name
of rhizomes applied to these stems. By frond we designate
the Fern’s leaf, and by stripes its stalks. The Fern’s seeds
are called spores, and the tissue (case) covering these spores
is called the indusium. The term sori is applied to the
clusters of sporangia.

THE SUNFLOWER

HERE are no lovelier plants in our gardens than the

Helianthus, the old-fashioned Sunflower. The plant
derives its botanical name from the words helios, sun, and
anthos, a flower, and it was applied to it from the belief that
the flowers follow the sun round. Garden beginners are
‘urged to make a more careful study of the Sunflower, which,
unfortunately, has been too often shown much neglect.

y gli

EON

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HELES Orth
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

March, 1912

KITCHEN ECONOMY

By Elizabeth Atwood
Photographs by Mary H. Northend and Charlotte Kendall Mooney

than with our money.”’ So said Queen Chris-
tina of Sweden, more than two hundred and
fifty years ago. It is a far reach from a
queen of a country to a queen of a kitchen,
and yet this maxim should mean as much in
the kitchen of to-day as it would have meant to that queen
of long ago.

Kitchen economy does not mean the care of scraps alone.
It means a wise use of time as well as a wise use of ma-
terials. How often we see one who can “turn off”? more
work in an hour than another can in half a day. It is not
because the hands work so much faster, but because the one
understands how to dove-tail the multitude of various
motions, and also to make “ther head save her heels” (as
my grandmother used to say), while the other does not.

To begin with, we must put a proper valuation upon the
kitchen and its relation to the whole house. It is a fancy of
mine that the kitchen is to the whole house what the spinal
column is to the whole body. To follow this fancy, what would
the body be without a good spine?) How many of us know
spineless people? Also (too well), how many of us know
spineless homes?

Now, the average woman who has trouble with her back
sets to work to correct that trouble, and science is brought
to the rescue. She follows well-laid rules for developing
her strength, and nothing is left undone which can help
produce a perfect result. Generally, if she is honest in her
desire for strength, an excellent result is gained.

It is not so with the backbone of the house. The de-
spised kitchen, which is a good part of every woman’s
kingdom, is left to suffer, many, many times, in the hands

of ignorance, whether that of the mistress or of the maid.
How many women make a study of the time it takes to do
certain tasks, and, putting these tasks together, proceed to
consider how much a maid should be asked to do? If
satisfied with such investigation for themselves, how many
women proceed to teach a maid how she may do as they
have done? This is a large part of kitchen economy, and
until our housekeepers become just such investigators and
teachers, spineless homes will continue to exist.

We have to eat three times a day, most of us, and some-
one must prepare the food for our meals and clean the
utensils and dishes used three times a day. This is im-
perative. Why should not the woman of moderate means
in a small household recognize the fact, and, instead of leav-
ing such a monumental care entirely to a possibly incom-
petent maid, thus forever remaining more or less incom-
petent herself, employ her brains in organizing and systema-
tizing her own kitchen so that it will become a real back-
bone to the house? I have never been able to understand
why so many women who can afford but one servant—not
always that—though mistresses of the house, yet remain
anything but housewives in anything approaching the true
sense of the word.

The day for scouring, kitchen work, cooking and wash-
ing dishes, is long past. Girls, wondering what to do with
their lives after leaving school, seldom consider going into
mother’s kitchen to solve this problem. And yet, what
greater work could they be doing than training themselves
to become the backbone of another home? One must know
by positive experience in the mother’s home before she can
lead and direct another—her own—home successfully; and
mother should always be willing to teach and train this
beginner for her life’s work, always keeping before her this
fact,—that to be a true and qualified homemaker is the
greatest profession open to a woman. But—is mother
qualified? If not, it is high time she realized that she must

The manner in which bread for the morning meal is placed upon the home table is of importance to housewives who wish to have attractive tables

March, 1912

set to work to change the old order of things in her life
that may have led to her being careless of the importance
of such matters.

There are many small families living on small incomes
who are only able to employ help occasionally. These
housekeepers must, of necessity, spend much of their time
in the kitchen. Meals must be cooked and dishes must be
washed regardless of any other work, and, because of this
fact, economy of both time and labor must be secured in
planning the construction
and equipment of the
kitchen. The large 16x16
kitchen that used to be the
right thing, modern use
has proved to be an un-
wise arrangement. What-
ever the size of the kitchen
may be, however, one can
control the arranging of
furniture and tools so that
no extra steps need be
taken. Each housekeeper
must study out this prob-
lem for herself, accord-
ing to her surroundings,
but certain rules apply to
all. Painted walls and
shelves, and a smooth
floor, either covered with
linoleum or painted, for
instance. Linoleum, var-
nished once or twice a
year, makes the best floor
of all. The next essential
is plenty of light upon your
work. I hate sinks in a
back corner. A_ sink
should have a window all
its own.

Then ventilation should
be worked for. There
should always be some
good method of ventila-
tion in every kitchen.
Windows opposite a door,
according to construction,
is the very best way.
There should be a good
light over the stove, if
possible. If there is no
gas jet available, put a

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

TWO ATTRACTIVE WAYS OF SERVING EGGS
By Charlotte Kendall Mooney

Poached Eggs with Celery Sauce.—Poach the desired number of
eggs in the usual manner and arrange them on a hot platter.
stalks of celery in one pint of milk until tender.
the milk with one and one half tablespoons each of butter and flour
rubbed together, then add the celery cut in small pieces.
pour around the eggs, garnishing the dish with celery tops.

107

a tendency to employ open shelves, with a rack behind,
which arrangement enables one to see the pans and plates
needed. Eternal vigilance will keep these free from dust,
and wiping off before using does not take the time it does
to get down on your knees to a shut-in cupboard and hunt
out your needed article. Small screws can be put in under-
neath such shelves, and measuring cups, spoons and many
other things suspended from them. How many times has
one dusted a drawer with flour while hunting hurriedly for
a special spoon, even
getting cut in the hurry,
because knives will get
mixed in where they do
not belong!

Stock up with good
kitchen utensils, and keep
them clean! If you have
a jar of sal-soda near the
sink, and put some into the
porcelain or granite dishes
when they get stained and
you put them to soak, the
stain or food which has
become stuck to the dish
will come off readily with-
out scraping and scouring,
which spoils the surface.
A bit of soda put into a
frying pan, when putting
to soak after use, will save
much time when the wash-
ing time comes.

Steel frying pans are
much preferred nowadays,
but I think because they
heat up so quickly, but the
old-fashioned iron spider
I can’t do without. It
holds the heat without
burning, and does not
need watching every
minute. Graniteware ket-
tles have taken the place
of the heavy iron kettles,
and we older ones all can
tell of the joy it is to be
rid of the old iron tea-
kettles. We are being
helped at every turn; it is
for us to make the best use
of such helps, and every-

Cook six
Remove them; thicken

Reheat and

bracket lamp, with re-
flector, where the light can
be thrown on the stove.
Many steps may be saved
right there.

A kitchen table which

Eggs a la Bechamel.—Shell and quarter ten hard-boiled eggs. Have
ready one pint of Bechamel sauce made in the following proportions: To
each tablespoonful of flour and butter allow one and one half cups of
milk, seasoning to taste of salt and pepper, and a small bouquet consisting
of two or three sprigs of parsley, a stalk of celery, a bay leaf, a bit of
thyme, and one or two cloves. Cook together for fifteen minutes and

where to bear in mind the
economy of steps which
means such economy of
time, and that in turn
affects the whole house.
A Frenchman once said

can be drawn up near the
stove will save steps, and
neither stove or table
should be placed far from
the sink. If the table is covered with white oilcloth, have
some squares of wood, in which can be placed screw-eyes
for hanging them at the side of the table, and always being
at hand, they can quickly be placed under a hot pan or
kettle.

The most desirable thing in the cupboard line is the cup-
board around the wall. With sliding doors of glass, a cup-
board of this sort is the perfection of convenience and easy
to care for. In many small houses and bungalows there is

strain.

To this sauce add the eggs, heat thoroughly, and serve with a
garnish of fried croutons and parsley.

that the greatest menace
to American prosperity
was not the influx of im-
migrants, but her garbage
pails. As long as they were filled with what would keep a
French family going for a day, nothing but hard times
could be the result. While this may be a statement some-
what exaggerated, still there is much truth in it. Far too
much is thrown away by those who should know better
than to waste. ‘Take, for instance, the matter of bread.
There are endless ways of using up the scraps—and yet I
have seen bread sufficient for several families thrown out
as waste on the lift in a New York flat. Bread toasted

108

and cut in dice, bread toasted and made into milk toast,
is just so much better for being stale. The smallest scraps
are worth saving, shapeless as they may be, for these should
be dried and converted into bread crumbs, a jar of which
ought to be on every kitchen shelf. Bread crumbs are much
better to use than cracker crumbs for everything. Scraps
of toast are very good converted into bread crumbs.

If your stove or range has a back shelf, you will save
time and always be prepared, if you keep boxes of crackers
there, for they are always warm and crisp, ready for use.
If you have no shelf to your range, put up a temporary
bracket shelf just for this purpose. It will make ample
returns.

The refrigerator calls for the attention of every house-
wife, and some hints may help here. Get a yard of cheese
cloth and cut in two. When the ice comes lay one half of
the cheese cloth, folded double, in the bottom of the ice-
compartment. ‘The next time, remove this piece and place
in the other, rinsing the one which has been in use. If you
are careful to cover the drain with the cloth, the cloth will
hold much, if not all, which would become slime and is so
horrid to clean. You will be surprised at the accumulation
of dirt and the ease with which it is disposed of. Time is
saved if one is careful to wipe off the outside of any dishes
holding food before placing in the ice-chest. Never have
anything warm put in the ice-chest, for the steam from such
dishes creates odors not good.

At least once a week a thorough washing is necessary—
walls, ceiling, and doors, as well as the shelves. Keep a
skewer, such as the butcher sends, for pushing the cloth into
all grooves. Make a suds of ivory soap and plenty of borax;
set this away to cool before using. Never use the strong-
smelling kind in washing what must be closed at once. Get
on your knees to your refrigerator once a day, lest some-
thing grows too old for use again, and place a bit of char-
coal on each shelf. This will absorb odors, and keep the
refrigerator smelling sweet; but no food of penetrating odor
should ever be placed inside closed doors.

To my mind the greatest economy of all is the fireless
cooker. If you have never used one, don’t wait any longer.
In the summer they are simply wonderful, and in the winter,
although one may be using a coal range, they are helpful.
There are many good ones on the market now, but I had
great fun making mine myself, and I would not be without
it. When cooking with gas, one saves both time and money
by its use, which makes possible the meats calling for long
cooking, and the awful turnip and cabbage odor is not in
evidence when cooked in the fireless cooker. Housewives
can put on, or rather in, their dinners after breakfast, go
out for the day, and find their dinners ready when they
return at night.

Just study your kitchen; you will find it interesting and
entertaining, if you take the right spirit into it, The whole
house will respond to the extra attention given to the
kitchen. I think a man, mere man, appreciates such study in
woman more than any study of art or music; and we are
all striving to please some one man, to make his home what
it should be, a place of comfort and rest. Milton said:
‘Nothing lovelier can be found in woman than to study
household good.”
COLD WEATHER HINTS

ANY years ago a carpenter who was at work on our

house asked me for a tin dish to put his nails in, and
then for the privilege of putting them into my oven. It
was bitter cold outside, and he said that by heating the nails
he kept his hands from getting numb while working.

On these days, when the wind blows and the weather is
so bitter cold, any help that the one doing the washing may
get should be found for her. Here is one great help: Half
an hour or more before hanging out the clothes (the coldest

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

job any woman ever had) place the clothes-pins in the oven,
taking care that they do not scorch. When all is ready, put
them into a clothes-pin apron pocket, and you will be sur-
prised to find how warm your hands will keep from repeat-
edly putting them in the warm pocket to get the pins.

Also, always have the bluing water (the last stage of the
washing) as hot as you have water for. The clothes are
then warm to handle, no matter how cold the weather.

THE CARE OF FURS

T IS coming time now to think of placing our furs beyond

the reach of moth and buffalo bug. It has been my custom
to comb and brush carefully all furs every little while all
Winter, and then hang them in the sun. This should be
done with extra care when getting ready to shut them up.
Although I have a spacious cedar chest, furs and hats with
feathers are taken care of separately. Inthe rush of all the
things the housekeeper finds necessary to attend to in the
Spring, the matter of caring for furs must not be overlooked.

Paper bags have other uses than cooking, for in paper
bags do I store my furs. No matter how well cleaned,
moths will find their most destructive way if there is a crack
through which they can get in at furs. After cleaning my
furs most thoroughly, while the sun heat is still in them, I
take my paper bags out into the yard and put my furs in
them. I fold the end of the bag over twice and stitch across
the fold with the sewing machine, having sprinkled in a little
camphor. Now I defy the moths to find an entrance, and
I have never failed.

The large fur coats and fur-lined coats are a problem.
We cannot all send our coats to cold storage, either from
lack of convenience or money, and bags of such prodigious
size are not made. But wide wrapping paper can be found,
and we can make our own bags. Take about two yards of
paper and two yards of unbleached muslin to reinforce it.
Fold together with the muslin for lining; fold the edges over
and stitch together. On one side stitch loops for hanging by.
After sunning, combing and brushing the garment, fold care-
fully with bits of camphor and lay inside this big bag. With
great care, fold and stitch the opening. If bugs cannot get
in they cannot do damage, and I have found paper bags to
be sure. Do not try to use newspapers, as they dry out and
grow brittle.

MiGe= sa lea a eee
HOW TO MAKE GOOD LAWNS

(Continued from page 101)
EEE ECC wcrc a fo cof (fos coo oon fe occo tof) (OC fade ef asco elf} fadeccofaann el fi nao oooobe| A) (ON EADY

as on terraces or embankments, it is easier to secure a lawn
by sodding. The best of sod should be bought from a
nurseryman, who has sod growing for this purpose, and it
should be applied in strips one foot wide and three inches
thick. After firming it, cover the area with a light coating
of rich loam and broom it in between the crevices, then
thoroughly roll it. The edge of a lawn adjoining a walk or
hedge should be bordered by such sod strips. In securing
fertility, should you have a season for preparation before
you make the lawn, sow such cover crops as Crimson Clover,
Hairy Vetch, Cow Peas, Soy Beans, or any good legumin-
ous crop. This is the cheapest way of fertilizing and it pre-
vents the possibility of many weed seed. In sowing the seed,
great care should be exercised so as to evenly distribute the
amount needed. A calm day should be selected, and sow in
opposite directions and crosswise, and immediately rake
with an iron-toothed implement, and roll. The best season
for making a lawn is immediately after the Spring rains,
and before the heat of Summer tends to dry out the ground.
If it is sown during the rainy season the seed might wash
and cause an uneven lawn. For Fall sowing, September
is undoubtedly the best month to secure a fairly heavy turf
before it is covered with the protecting blanket of snow.

March, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Farewell

By R. E. Olds, Designer

Car

Reo the Fifth—the car I now bring out—is regarded by me as pretty close
to finality. Embodied here are the final results of my 25 years of experience.
I do not believe that a car materially better will ever be built. In any event,
this car marks my limit. So I’ve called it My Farewell Car.

My 24th Model

This is the twenty-fourth
model which I have created in
the past 25 years.

They haverun from one to six
- cylinders—from-6 to 60 horse-
power. :

From the primitive cars of
-the early —days -to the -most
luxurious modern machines.

I have run the whole gamut
of automobile experience. I
have learned the right and the
wrong from tens of thousands
of users.

In this Farewell Car, I adopt
the size which has come to be
standard—the 30 to 35 horse-
power, four-cylinder car.

Where It Excels

The chiefest point where thfs
car excels is in excess of care
and caution.

The best I have learned in 25
years is the folly of taking
chances.

In every steel part the alloy
that I use is the best that has
been discovered. And all my
steel is analyzed to know that
it meets my formula.

I test my gears with a crush-
ing machine—not a hammer.
I know to exactness what each
gear will stand.

R. M. Owen & Co. “err3, 2

30-35
Horsepower
Wheel Base—
112 inches
Wheels—
34 inches
Demountable
Rims
Speed—
45 Miles per
Hour
Made with 2,
4 and 5 Pas-
senger Bodies

I put the magneto to a radical
test. The carburetor is doubly
heated, for low-grade gasoline.

I use nickel steel axles with
Timken roller bearings.

So in every part. The best
that any man knows for every
part has been adopted here.
The margin of safety is always
extreme.

I regard it impossible, at any
price, to build a car any better.

Center Control,
Finish, etc.

Reo the Fifth has a center,
cane-handle control. It is our
invention, our exclusive feature.

Gear; shifting is done by a
very slight motion, in one of
four directions.

There are no levers, either
side or center. Both of the
brakes . operate by the foot
pedals. So the driver climbs
out on either side as easily as
you climb from the tonneau.

The body finish consists of 17
coats. The upholstering is deep,
and of -hair-filled genuine
leather. The lamps are
enameled.as per the latest vogue.
Even the engine is nickel
trimmed.

I have learned by experience
that people like stunning ap-
pearance.

The wheel base is long—the
tonneau is roomy—the wheels
are large —the car is over-tired.
Every part of the car—of the
chassis and the body—is better
than you will think necessary.
No price could buy anything
better.

Price, $1,055

This car-—my finest creation
—has been priced for the present
at $1,055.

This final and radical paring
of cost is considered by most

men as my greatest achieve- °

ment.

It has required years of pre-
paration. It has compelled the
invention of much automatic
machinery. It necessitates mak-
ing every part in our factory, so
no profits go to parts makers.

It requires enormous produc-
tion, small overhead expense,
small selling expense, small
profit. It means a standardized
car for years to come, with no
changes in tools and machinery.

In addition to that, by mak-
ing only one chassis we are
cutting off nearly $200 per car.

Reo Motor Car Co.,

Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ontario

Thus Reo the Fifth gives far
more for the money than any
other car inexistence. It gives
twice as much as some.

But this price is not fixed.
We shall keep it this low just
as long as we can. If materials
advance even slightly the
price must also advance. No
price can be fixed for six months
ahead leaving big
margin, and we haven’t done
that. The cost has been pared
to the limit.

without

Catalog Ready

Our new catalog shows the
various styles of body. It tells
all the materials, gives all
specifications. With these facts
before you, you can easily com-
pare any other car with this
Reo the Fifth.

If you want a new car you
should dothat. Judge the facts
for yourself. Don’t pay more
than our price for less value.
After 25 years spent in this
business. here is the best car I
can build. And the price is
$1,055. Don’t you think you
should know that car ?

Write now for this catalog.
When we send it we will tell
you where to see the-~ car.
Address—

Lansing, Mich.

Reo the Fifth
$1,055

One Front Door Open to Show
Center Control

Top and windshield not included in price. We equip this car with mohair top, side curtains and slip-cover,

windshield, gas tank and speedometer—all for $100 extra.

Self-starter, if wanted, $25.00 extra.

EE et
—KRK

xvi

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

ST ERRIE

‘¥ Plants by the dozen or by the million.
120 acres planted in 103 varieties, Al)
the standards and the most promising of (\)

Largest grower in

Every plant true to name,

Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry

the new ones,
‘America,

and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali- \
fornia Privet and other Shrubbery.

yy Cultural directions with each ship-

@ ment. Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Send
4 postal today. My personal guarautee
back of every sale,

W. F. ALLEN Ng)
10 Market Street, Salisbury, Md.

Send $1.00 for my new and complete book—Bungalows showing
floor plans, interior and exterior perspective from photographs with
prices for the completed building.

I Guarantee to Construct at Prices Named
If book is not satisfactory and is not what you want, | will refund
the money.

0. S LANG, Bungalow Specialist, 690 Seventh St., Buffalo, N.Y.

PLANT THE QUALITY GRAPE
Catawba - Concord

The Grape for Everybody Everywhere

Write at once for large descriptive cata-
log of Raspberries, Blackberries, Grapes,
Strawberries,Currants, Gooseberries, Gar-
den Roots, Hardy Perennial Plants,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. It tells how
to plant and grow them—/vee for every-

body.
J.T. LOVETT, Box 128, Little Silver, N.J.

LUTHER BURBANK’S NEW GLADIOLUS

Offered for the first time, with other

NEW AND RARE BULSS

These new gladioli are a revelation, and are without
doubt the largest, most brilliant and most varied ones

growing on this earth, and of anew and distinct type, and are
especially rich in scarlet, salmon and crimson shades. IIlus-
trated folder free, also list of other catalogs, etc.

W. A. LEE, Agent,

Dept. A.,

Covina, Cal.

Sow Your Grass Seed with.

_ The Velvetlawn S eeder_

UTS the seed in the ground—not on top.
one blown away or eaten by birds.

Makes a beautiful, uniform lawn certain in

the shortest time. Saves enough seed to pay for
itself. Run easily by one person. o matter how
small your lawn you can afford to have this seeder.
Let us send you letters from users,
prices, illustrations, etc. Weanalyzesoil
and advise our customers free as to the
best seed and fertilizer. Write today.
VELVETLAWN SEEDER CO.

20 Columbia St.
Springfield, Ohio

Filter Your Entire
Water Supply

Your own health and that of your family depends
also on pure water. Install a

Paddock Water Filter

and you will have pure water for drinking and
every household use.
Write for catalogue.

Atlantic Filter Company
309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

THE GARDEN OF THE SUMMER
ABSENTEE

By IDA D. BENNETT

N the all-the-year-around

the Summers, like the Winters, are
passed under the same roof and the
same environment surrounds one week
in and week out, the summer garden
becomes an important factor in the life
of the home, and in a beautiful, old-
fashioned garden, redolent with the per-
fume of rose and lily and bosked with
shrubbery and banked with flowers, one
may well decry the love of change or the
deference to fashion or custom that yearly
sends one adrift to find in seashore or
mountain resort an uncomfortable sub-
stitute for one’s own fireside.

It is this universal exodus—that begins
about the middle of June and continues
until the frosts of September—that mili-
tates against the creation of a garden, for
it hardly seems worth while to plant flow-
ers which must be neglected for months
at a time and be found dead or grown up
to weeds upon one’s return to them in
early tall—a mute and pathetic protest
against such fickle affection.

Naturally, one’s thoughts of a garden
center round those exuberant flowers of
the warmer months—the rose and carna-
tion, the heliotrope, verbena and all the
brave array of Summer bedders—which
will have passed their maximum beauty
and succumbed to the first frosts of Sep-
tember ere one returns to enjoy their
beauty. And did these flowers of mid-
Summer form the garden’s story it would.
indeed, be of little profit to plan and
create a garden that would bloom for
others or lie neglected and alone.

Fortunately, the Summer is not all of
the garden’s story, nor by any means the
best. The Spring garden has a charm
quite distinct from its Summer successor,
and the Fall garden possesses a wealth of
bloom and color by no means to be
thought lightly of. Moreover, the flowers
of the Spring and of the Fall are just those
which, once planted, require the mini-
mum of care and may be left for long
months at a time to the fostering charge
of nature with little, if any, detriment.
Such care as they do require must be
given them at the very time when it is
most convenient and pleasant to work in
the garden, so that one gains at one and
the same time the promise and the re-
wards of labor.

The Spring garden will be largely a thing
of shrubs and bulbs, but what a variety
of color, form and fragrance is possible.
While the tints of the flowers of the
Spring are in a measure cooler and paler
than those of mid-Summer, not even the
most gorgeous of the flowers of June can
rival the splendor of the tulips which
make gay the parterres in May. As a
general thing we grow far too few bulbs
in our gardens—too few in variety and
too few in number; instead of planting
tulips and hyacinths by the dozen, with
an occasional clump of narcissus and a
few crocus scattered about the lawns, we
should plant them by the hundreds or
thousands, in long continuous rows or in
solid beds, giving the space between them
to the growing of some of the less robust
annuals.

In the hardy garden, with its formal
beds, the planting of hyacinths, tulips,
crocus and the like may be made along
the edges of the bed, where they will not
be missed when their day is passed, and
so will not, necessarily, have to be lifted

home, where

Vases inthe Garden of Mrs. F. H. Hiscock, Syracuse, N.Y.

A striking example of the charm and beauty added to the
garden by the proper use of Garden Ornaments. ur m
are of Pompeian Stone, an artificial product that is everlasting.
Send to-day for new illustrated catalogue M of vases, benches,
sundials, statuary, fountains, etc.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

The largest manufacturers of Ornamental Stone
230 Lexington Avenue, New York. Factory, Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents—Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

K WITH EASE, SAVE THE KNEES

Siar iim ingen | ace

.- = ONAL -
1 \4 MORE AND BETTER WORK IN LESS TIME
y It SOLD IN EVERY LARGE R
fl RK. SEED HOUSE INTHE ([/7
{ \\UNITED STATES AND J SEND US HIS NAME AND
\ . WE WILL SEND YOU DESCRIP-//
< TIVE CIRCULAR AND SEE THA’
DEPT. STORES. HAND)

$1.25
~~ MEHLER GARDEN TOOL CO. AMBLER, PA..U.S.A.

‘YOU ARE SUPPLIED,

A Beautiful Illustrated Book-
let, ‘“‘ WHERE SUN DIALS
ARE MADE,” sent upon re-

quest. Estimates furnished.
Any Latitude

E. B. MEYROWITZ, 108 East 23d St., New York
Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

Ornamental
Foliage Plants

We make a specialty of
choice collection for Green-
house, as well as everything
in the line of decorative trees
and plants.

Visit our Nurseries or
send for descriptive catalogue
of Nursery Stock and
Greenhouse plants.

Experienced and competent
Gardeners

Any lady or gentleman

requiring their services can

No fees. Please give particulars

Alocasia Argyrea

heave them by applying to us.
regarding place.

JULIUS ROEHRS CO., Exotic Nurseries, Rutherford, N. J.

For a Most Beautiful Lawn

Sow KALAKA. It is specially selected, specially tested grass
seed, and pulverized manure—the ideal combination to grow
quick, hardy, lasting turf. For seeding new lawnsor putting
new life into the old lawn nothing equals

Packed in 5 pound boxes at $1.00 per box, express paid east
or $1.25 west of Omaha. Write and ask for prices on special
mixtures for special locations and purposes. Order today
and have the best seed money can buy. Get ourfreelawn book.

THE KALAKA CO., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS
RUSTIC WORK thi

Catalog of many designs on request

North Shore Ferneries Company,
Beverly, Massachusetts i

March, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

to make room for other occupants of the
beds.

But these are not all the early Spring

bulbs which may be depended upon for
early flowers, though of the most de-
pendable. Winter aconite is a bright and
cheerful herald of the Spring, sending up
a whorl of green leaves enclosing a sin-
gle buttercup-like flower, about the time
of the blooming of the crocus. A few
days later the scillas appear, holding their
deep blue bells at half mast, rarely look-
ing the sun in the face; but so charming
are they and so finely do they group with
the white of the crocus that they should
be combined with them whenever pos-
sible.

Many of the early Spring bulbs are of
use simply as bedders, but the majority
are available for cut flowers and are not
surpassed by anything the Summer has to
offer. Tulips, narcissi, daffodils, coral
lilies and candidums have as great deco-
rative value indoors as out, and when
grown among shrubbery and hardy per-
ennials may be more freely used than
when grown in solid beds, where any
considerable number may not be re-
moved without leaving an undesirable
vacancy.

Then we have the splendid array of
Spring blooming shrubs which are both
ornamental in the garden and useful as
cut flowers. One of the first of the
hardy shrubs to bloom is the deutzia gra-
cillima, with its feathery-white flowers;
this is especially beautiful when planted
in close proximity to the pink lychnis,
with which it combines exquisitely. The
lilacs, syringeas, weigelias, the chionan-
thus (which in some sections blooms in
late May or early June), the snowballs,
and English and German iris, bleeding
hearts, and the creeping phlox subulata,
which in May carpets the ground with a
sheet of bloom, are all lovely and desir-
able denizens of the Spring and early
Summer garden, that, once planted, will
grow in size and beauty from year to
year.

Somewhat later in bloom than the fore-
going is the Peony, which blossoms about
the middle of June and continues in bloom
for a long time. With the coming of Fall, the
gold and crimson of the maple glows again in
the golden rod and the hardy chrysanthe-
mums; the late asters are imperial in
robes of purple and of red. In sheltered
nooks the anterrhinums hold aloft spikes
of richest velvet-white and crimson and
of wine, pinks and spikes of flame,and yel-
low fire are defying the frost of Autumn
long after September has gone and Octo-
ber is waning toward November’s chill.
The salvias, in sheltered nooks, still are
brilliant with color, each branch and twig
bursting into fresh bloom, as though the
Summer had but just begun, for this
flower is a persistent and continuous
bloomer and only ceases to bloom when
cut by severe frost.

The candy-tuft will continue to give
an abundance of flowers long after severe
frosts have cut most plants to the ground,
and in favorable seasons will be found in
bloom in November. Physostegias which
have had the seed pods removed will give
a crop of late Fall flowers, as will also the
aconites, delphiniums and lobelias; but
it is to the anemones and the hardy chry-
santhemums that one must look for the
greatest splendor of the Fall garden.

The anemones come into bloom in Sep-
tember, and if slightly protected on frosty
nights may be had in bloom until well
into November, as they continue to pro-

and thousands of others equally attract-

‘| ive owe more than half their charm to |

MORGAN

GUARANTEED
PERFECT DOORS

All the splendid quality—all the style—all the
through-and-through trustworthiness — that two
generations of perfect-door-making could possibly
suggest, are built in every Morgan Door No
home is as good as it might be unless it has
Morgan Doors. That is why reputable architects everywhere

are so emphatic in their endorsement. Made in various
woods and finishes to match every style of architecture.

Are you thinking of building or remodeling ?
hen the coupon in upper right-hand corner is for you.

Fill it out and mail it today. We will tell you how to get

the utmost satisfaction and save money at the same
time. Our information is comprehensive, reliable, au-
thentic. Handsome illustrations of correct interiors
and exteriors included. Not a cent to pay Do
not fail to write today

MORGAN CO, Dept.B2, OSHKOSH, WIS.

Disivibuled by
Morgan Sash & Door Co., Chicago, Ill.
Morgan Millwork Com Baltimore, Md.

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PATENTED PHILADELPHIA

Sample and
Circular

The Dees Combination Gas Machine
provides the Home witha Satisfactory
Gas Supply.
Gas to Light with. Gas to Cook with.
Gas to Heat Water for the bath,
laundry and other uses common to
city coal gas, at no greater cost.
in the market over forty years. More than
15,000 in daily use. Our catalog will in-
terest you. Write to to-day for copy, and
names of users in your vicinity.

Detroit Heating & Lighting Co.
480 Wight Street, Detroit. Mich.

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
nor insects can make their way through or live init.

MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.

140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

XViil

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

‘Simmons flose Reel

<= Garden Hose

The Reel owes its
great demand to the
fact that it combines
the features of a lawn
sprinkler with the spe-
cal qualities of a spiral
hose reel. It is prac-
tically indestructible
—thoroughly drains
after use by its
spiral wind.

es Garden Hose has been in use for years and is

practically everlasting-~it is carefully woven and has
an inner tube of pure rubber — an important feature
which exists in but few other brands.

Price of Hose Reel complete—fitted with one hun-

dred feet of our 34-inch Garden Hose, and
nozzle—$15.00, or with 50 feet hose $10.00.
Don’t wait—write now
JOHN SIMMONS COMPANY
100 Center Street New York

Bulbs ordered now will reach you soon enough for plant-
ing, but there is no time for delay. Gladioli should go in
just as soon as ground and season are fit. Have your bulbs
ready by ordering now.

TRY MY “WORLD’S FAIR” COLLECTION
OF GROFF’S NEW AND RARE GLADIOLI

It is made up of expensive named varieties regardless of
cost. Flowers are of exceptional size and beauty, in endless
variety of colors and markings. No such collection can be
obtained for the money elsewhere.

“World’s Fair’ Collection, postpaid, 25 bulbs $5.25, or
60 bulbs $10.25. Express. collect $20.00% per 100. No
order accepted for less than 25 bulbs.

ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farms

Box 95, Berlin, N. Y.

ORLD-famous
Ornamental and
Fruit Trees, Shrubs,

Roses, Evergreens and
Hardy Plants.

Perfect specimens in splendid condition, true to
species, first choice from the Most Complete Nursery
Stock in America. Endless standard varieties and
tested novelties, suitable for all purposes. Guaranteed
by a 72-year reputation for honest, accurate dealing.
Write for our 72nd Annual ’Guide Book
Indispensable in planning lawn, garden and park
decoration. A copy will be mailed you free on request.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries, Box 28, Rochester, N.Y.

duce buds until cut down by severe frost.
They are an entirely hardy class of plants
and rival in beauty anything which the
Summer garden has to offer. The best-
known form of the anemone is the semi-
double variety—Whirlwind. This is a
very beautiful flower, about two inches
in diameter, with a yellow center closely
resembling that of the Cherokee rose. The
blossoms are born on long, slender stems,
and are exceedingly useful and effective
as cut flowers. The colors range from
pure white of the Whirlwind and Lord
Ardilaun — the finest double white,
through such delicate silvery-rose shades
as Queen Charlotte and Elegantissiman,
to the deeper rose shades of Rose D’Au-
tumne and the deep, rich coloring of Prince
Henry. They are very easily grown, but
require some protection in Winter. They
increase rapidly, and a few plants left un-
disturbed soon form prolific colonies
which produce an abundance of flowers.
They root from rhizomes, from each joint
of which new plants spring, so that they
are always appearing unexpectedly at
short distances from the parent plant.
Still more enduring and frost defying,
the tritomas rival in splendor all other
flowers of the Autumn garden. Their
spikes of flame are little affected by even
the killing frosts of late October, and are
one of the most striking features of the
garden at this time. They do well in
sun or in shade, coming into bloom a few
days later in partial shade, but blooming
none the less surely. They are not en-
tirely hardy and must be wintered in the
cellar; but as this operation may be left
until into November and they are one of the
earliest plants which may be planted out
in the Spring, their season of rest in the
cellar is comparatively brief. Few bed-
ding plants increase as rapidly as do the
tritomas, and a dozen roots from the florist
will make as many strong clumps the
second year. They are especially effec-
tive planted along the outer edge of beds
or hedges of ornamental grasses and bam-
boos, or along artificial ponds or running

streams, having in this position the same

decorative value as the cardinal flowers
with which our streams and sedgy bord-
ers are brightened in August. The tri-
tomas much excel in brilliancy the cardi-
nal flower, however, having the tone of
melted iron at a red heat, just before it
passes to white, and on bright days seem
fairly to radiate heat.

Sharing the autumnal honors with the
tritomas, the hardy chrysanthemums are
much in evidence. These flowers have
the advantage of being entirely hardy, and
may be left in the ground from year to
year, growing into fine clumps in a season
or two, as they die down to the ground
in late Fall and spring up anew each
Spring, each root sending up many new
shoots, as do the more tender greenhouse
chrysanthemums.

So little are they affected by frost and
cold that I have often seen them peeping
forth from a heavy covering of snow and
emerging unscathed from an enveloping
casing of ice under the thawing influence
of the sun. They do especially well if
planted in a sunny position, as on the
south side of a building which holds the
sun’s heat late in the day and protects
from cold winds at night. In such a posi-
tion they may often be had in bloom for
Thanksgiving day, and, with the late pan-
sies, furnish a rich color scheme for the
decoration of the rooms.

The colors range through all the shades
of yellow, of crimson and of bronze, both

4 Crucible Steel. Workmanship the finest.
s¢eeZ Mowers, without a rival in their class. Also styles E. C.
+ T.M. XX and Golf. Horse
} Mowers. Buy the ‘‘Philadelphia’’ and you will use no other.

| 31st and Chestnut Streets

(e)
[>
mee Ono?

Sheep’s Head Brand

PULVERIZED

Sheep Manure

\U)
4u

Nature’s Own Plant Food. Ideal for all crops;
especially adapted for lawns, golf courses and
estates. Growers of nursery stock, small fruits,
hedges and. gardeners generally will find Sheep's
Head Brand the best fertilizer. Contains large
percentage of Humus and all fertilizing substances
necessary to promote Plant life. Tests place it
far ahead of chemical or other fertilizers. Readily
applied to the soil. _ Let us quote you prices.

Send for our book, “Fertile Facts”

Tells how to fertilize the soil so that productive crops may be
raised. Special matter for lawn and market gardeners, Florists,
Nurserymen and Farmers. Sent FREE if you mention
this Almanac.

NATURAL GUANO COMPANY

Dept.10 , 301 Montgomery Avenue, Aurora, III.

GENUINE

‘‘PHILADELPHIA”

LAWN MOWERS
Are to-day the Standard, as they were in 1869

! wD
“infeom,

Strictly High Grade in every respect. All knives es: Venedur
Makers of the only au

Mowers—we lead, as we do in Hand

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company

Over 42 years Makers of High Grade Goods Only
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S. A.

Sweet P eas

Six Superb Spencers

we will mail one regular packet each
For 25 Cts. of Florence Nightingale, the largest
and best lavender; Constance Oliver, rich rose pink on
cream; Marie Corelli, beautiful, brilliant crimson; Prim-
rose Spencer, the best primrose- Senator Spencer, claret
flaked and heliotrope; and W. T. Hutchins, apricot over-
laid with blush-pin These six super pencers are
shown, painted from nature on pages 109 and 110 of
Burpee’s Annual for 1912. Purchased separately they
would cost 65 cents, but all six packets, with leaflet on

| culture, will be mailed for only 25 cents, five collections
for $1.00.

BURPEE’S
ANNUAL FOR 1912

This “Silent Salesman’”’ of the World's Largest Mail-
Order Seed Trade is a Bright Book of 178 Pages. It tells
the plain truth about the Best Seeds that can be grown,
—as proved at our famous Fordhook Farms—the lereedt.
most complete Trial Grounds in America. It is Mailed
Free upon Application. Shall we send YOU a copy?

W. Atlee Burpee & Co.
Philadelphia

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix

strong, effective shades and the more deli-
cate tints occuring. Many of these group
effectively with the hardy asters, espec-
ially if the taller growing varieties of
these are used, the planting being made in
the rear of the chrysanthemums. The
hardy asters have small single flowers,
which are produced in large sprays which
quite cover the plants, giving them an espe-
cially light and feathery appearance,
which contrasts charmingly with the
stronger tones and more robust forms of
the chrysanthemums.

The chrysanthemum family includes
not only the pompon variety, but also
such single forms as the Moonpenny
daisies and the Shasta daisies. Many of
these latter are very effective, especially
such varieties as the Improved Shasta
daisy and Maximum Robison, both of
which may be readily raised from seed.

DOG FANCYING IN AMERICA
By T. C. TURNER

HE canine world is not exempt from

the peculiarities which are common to
the world in general. It has to-day, and
always has had, its fads and fancies. New
breeds come into vogue year by year,
some times to stay and flourish, and at
other times merely to pacify the constant
desire for something fresh, and then when
they have served their purpose, gradually
to become a thing of the past. And so to-
day, you can say of the dog, as we do of
most things, that such and such a breed is
fashionable. Time was, and not so many
years ago, when the Airedale, Pomeranian,
Chow Chow, Griffon Bruxellois, West
Highland Terrier, and the Pekingese had not
graced the benches of even our best shows.
To-day, with the exception of the Griffon
Bruxellois, the other breeds may be classed
among our most popular fancies. Partic-
ularly is this the case with regard to the
Pomeranian and the Pekingese, which seem
now to be, if one may say so, at high
water mark, if one can judge from their
present popularity in England, and one
may say with safety that England does set
the fashion in all matters concerning the
dog. An English dog journal, for instance,
contains usually sixty-four pages, varying
slightly according to the heavy or light
show season. Of the sixty-four pages of the
issue before the writer, eighteen pages, or
fifty-four columns, are taken up by what
is known as classified advertising, which
means short advertisements without any
display. To give an idea of the small
space occupied for each of these advertise-
ments, there are in the fifty-four columns
no less than one thousand, four hundred
and fifty-eight advertisements. In addition
to this, many pages are given over to the
large display advertisements, and the re-
mainder to reading matter. As the old
saying has it, “straws indicate which way
the wind blows.” So we may readily fol-
low the fashions by seeing how much
publicity the producer is giving to the
article he has for sale. It is for this reason
interesting to find that Pomeranians head
the list with one hundred and seventy-four
advertisements. They are followed by that
old-reliable breed which has always held its
own, the English Bull Dog, with one hun-
dred and forty-five. Next in order we
find another long-time popular breed, the
Fox Terrier, one hundred and eight. And
then follows one of our latest arrivals,
Pekingese, with ninety-three. Scottish Ter-
riers of both varieties, eighty-eight. Aire-
dales, eighty. Collies and Spaniels with
sixty-one each. And our little old-fashioned

The
Long-Life

years after.
the brush touched it.

inside or outside.

gestions will prove of value to you.

The floor-finishing problem is
quickly solved. “61” Floor Varnish
is mar-proof, heel-proof, water-
proof. It withstands heavy wear
and never cracks. Ask for our

A Poultry House
for 12 laying Hens
Complete with Nests, Fountain, Feed

opper, Yard, etc.
to-date accommodations and _ wi

give the best zesults. Price, $20.00.

i OU can secure nothing more beautiful in
_your home than the purity and richness of
an intense white enamel finish. See that Vitralite,

“The Long-Life White Enamel,”

your home. Then the color will be white and the finish permanent
Vitralite does not yellow nor crack.
dries hard with a smooth, porcelain-like gloss, without a sign of where
Can be rubbed to a dull finish if desired. Tell
your architect or decorator you want Vitralite used for all white effects,
It’s water-proof.

Send for Free Vitralite Booklet and Sample Panel

finished with Vitralite. Judge it for yourself. “Decorative Interior Finishing” is
another book you need when you build or decorate.
Be sure to send for it.

Varnishes, write us at 119 Tonawanda
Street, Buffalo, N. Y.; in Canada, 63

HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES

COTTAGES
BETTER and handsomer than your carpenter will build and

at much less cost and bother.
Easily erected, yet as durable and rigid as a permanent building.
We make PORTABLE buildings fork every purpose—Cottages, Sun
Parlors, Garages, Poultry Houses, Children’s Play Houses, Gardener's
Tool Houses, Schoolhouses, Churches, Stores, etc.
Write us what you are interested in—if a Cottage, how many rooms. If
a Garage, the over-all length of your car and how many cars.
House, how many fowl you wish to accommodate. We can then send you
printed matter or catalog illustrating goods that will answer your requirements.

Write us to-day for catalog H.
E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

is used in

Gces on easily and

Can be tinted to any shade.

Its color- cheme sug-

Free Sample Panel finished with “61”
and test 1¢ with your hammer or
your heel—you’ll be convinced.
“The Finished Floor” will help in
floor finishing and care. Ask for it.

If your dealer can not supply “P&L”

Courtwright Sts Bridge burg, Ontario.

PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES

AMERICAN FACTORIES Foreicn Factories

Rew on Burrs Ceace ESTABLISHED 63 Years Toxsow, “Paris

BrioGesurc CANA RG

GARAGES - POULTRY HOUSES

Sections fit together exactly.

If a Poultry

XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

It’s High Time You Got Your
Heads Together And Selected
Your Boddington Quality Seeds

LAN and plant (on paper) your garden now. It

doubles gardening joys and makes surer garden-

ing results. Send promptly for Boddington’s
Garden Guide and browse through it and make your
plans and order your seeds. You will find this Guide
so much more thana mere seed catalog that you will
put it in a safe place for ready reference all through the
season. In other words, it’s a real garden guide. Order
your seeds early so you can plant them early. Here
are three special offers—some one of which you will
surely want.

$5,000 Prize Sweet Pea Quartet—

Paradise Carmine—clear, lovely carmine, waved
Constance Oliver—delicate pink, suffused with cream,
waved,
Arthur Unwin—rose, shaded with cream, waved.
Tom Bolton—dark maroon, waved.
| packet of the above four prize winners, postpaid, for
5 cenls,

Six Variety Lot—

Pansy—Boddington’s Challenge_value 25c. per package
Aster—Noventy Single Southcote

Beauty _-____......_..-..---value 25c. per package
Larkspur—Boddington’s Scarlet
ehance eee 2s oe value 25c. per package
Zinnia — Boddington’s Dwar
Double;2es 6s 822 2 value 10c. per package
Mignonette — Large, sweet
scented ......_______________value 5c. per package
Nigella—Miss Jekyll____________- value 10c. per package

Value $1.00
Special price for lot—postpaid—50c.

A quarter of a pound of gigantic Orchid Flowering
mixed Sweet Peas for 25c.

This quarter of a pound of Sweet Peas (mailed free),
contains the finest mixture of the Spencer varieties ever
sent out by a seed house. he range of color is from
pure white to darkest crimson, and all intermediate
shades. Our sales last year were nearly 3,000
packages.

We will send you the three lots. postpaid, for $1.00.

ie a

Grow Boddington’s Quality Giant Pansies this year.

hey are sturdy free bloomers in a riot
of unusual color combinations.

Boddington’s Seeds

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, 326 W. 14th St., N. Y.

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

00 Large barrel, freight prepaid East of

0 Missouri River—Cash with order.
Write for interesting booklet and quantity
prices.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE

Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-
venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's
upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models.

THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factery and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St.. N, Y. C.

Benches. Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts.

GARDEN EXPERTS
Send 15c. for Booklet
SRST ED

Mantels Entrances

friend, the Yorkshire Terrier, with fifty-six.
The remainder are made up of thirty-five
other well-known breeds.

Again, an English newspaper recently
contained the following paragraph: “The
entry for Fulham show is the magnificent
one of nineteen hundred and _ thirty-four,
of which Pekingese are three hundred and
sixty-three; Pomeranians, two hundred
and thirty-three, and Fox Terriers, one
hundred and eighty.” Fulham is one of
London’s suburbs, and can in no way be
considered one of England’s leading shows,
nor is it a specialty show, although one of
the many good exhibitions of the year.
Therefore the fact is suggested that al-
though we are showing a rapid increase in
dog fanciers, we would have to take many
long strides before we can compete in en-
thusiasm with our cousins across the water,
at least in the number of our opportunities
to bring our pets to the public notice. The
writer finds on glancing over the show fix-
tures in various parts of England during a
single month, that of December, for exam-
ple, that there are no less than forty-eight
shows in England. There are there few
owners of good dogs that do not have the
chance to compare the value of their own
animals with those of others in open com-
petition, and, after all, there is no schooling
for the dog fancier to compare with open
competition. He learns more from attending
good shows, and watching and_ studying
methods and good judges, than from a shelf
of books. One can look back with pride on
the growth of the interest in dogs in this
country during the past ten years, and I
always feel that when the “dog fever”
really takes its hold here, which it surely
will do, we shall, in the matter of dogs, as
we have in most things, then come to hold
our own with all comers, and one hopes
to see the day when we shall find American
kennel literature as indicative of our prog-
ress in this pursuit as the English dog

journals are of English interest in kennel

matters.

EFFECT OF CHEWING UPON
CHILDREN’S TEETH

NVESTIGATIONS on the children in

the town of Kotzling in Bavaria showed
that of those who eat hard bread the per-
centage with bad teeth was 6.9; of those
who eat both hard and soft bread, 8.2; of
those eating only soft bread, 10.5. In the
town of Ihringen (Baden) the percentages
before and after the introduction of soft
bread were as follows: In 1894, when only
hard bread was eaten, 12.4 per cent; in
1897, just after soft bread had been intro-
duced, 12.9 per cent; and in 1901, where
most of the bread consumed was soft, 20.9
per cent.

TRIPOLI PROVERBS

HE Arabs are noted for their trite

_proverbs, and those living in Tripoli and
its vicinity have many to which Europeans
are introduced, the following being charac-
teristic ones:

“You cannot,” says one of the proverbs,
“escape your fate, even on a horse.”

“Whoever,” says another, “has maize will
soon find one who will lend him flour.”

“Tf a dog has to be beaten,” says a third,
with a familiar though perhaps more ele-
gant ring, “there will be no lack of sticks.”

A fourth proverb points out that ‘““Who-
ever is seeking pearls must go to the depths
of the ocean.”

Yet another shrewdly remarks that “Even
a soothsayer cannot foretell his own fate.”

Warp nor Split

Here, Mr. Builder, is a shingle that “fills the bill.”
8 x 1234 in.—wind-tight—rain-proof—frost-defy-
ing—fire-resisting-—never needs paint and looks as
good as best quarry slate.
Twenty years after laying

Reynolds
Flexible Asphalt
Slate Shingles

you'll find them still serviceable, because they never warp,
split nor rot. e can show many recommendations from
prominent architects who specify these shingles for fine houses.
f you want the last and best word in guaranteed roofing
—something that gives real satisfaction at moderate cost—
investigate Reynolds’ Asphalt Shingles—they’ve had a _10-
years’ test. Beware of imitations. Booklet free. Also high
grade granite surfaced roofing in rolls.

H. M. Reynolds Asphalt Shingle Co.

Original Manufacturer

174 Oakland Avenue Grand Rapids, Mich.
Established 1868

HESS sa-LOCKER
s==4// TheOnly Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and ou'.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel]
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps. shrinks, nor swells.
Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bath Room

Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
a trated circular.

The Recessed Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet.

Kelsey’s Hardy American Plants
and Carolina Mountain Flowers

The Queen of Hardy Orchids
Cypripedium reginae (spectabile)

The most exquisite and lasting material for Landscape,

wild or Formal Gardens.

We have the largest collection of rare Native Plants in
existence. hododendrons, Azaleas, Leucothoes,
Ferns, Bulbs and other specialties for Woods Planting,
Borders, Shady Spots, Rockeries and Water Gardens.

These dainty things are easily grown, if you do it
right. A beautjful catalog (free) gives expert information,

HIGHLANDS NURSERY, HARLAN P. KELSEY

3,800 ft. elevation in Ssiam
Carolina Mountains »

SALEM NURSERIES Mass.

March, 1912

HOW TO RAISE TOMATOES IN THE
HOME GARDEN

By CHARLES K. FARRINGTON

NE of the most productive, and also
one of the easiest crops for the
amateur gardener to raise is the tomato.
For the small country or city garden,
few, if any other vegetables will be so
profitable to grow. Strange to say many
people do not obtain the best results
when raising tomatoes. This is astonishing
when one considers that to do so requires
little or no expert knowledge. The writer
has found that what is not known is how
to prevent decay; also how to prevent the
fruit ripening too fast; and again, the best
sized tomato to raise. He has experi-
mented for the past twelve years, and now
always secures a good crop no matter what
the season may be. By this I do not mean
to say I do not obtain more tomatoes some
years than others, but I always have a suf-
ficient number for our household from two
dozen plants. For the average family from
twenty-four to thirty plants will be found
sufficient if the following methods of rais-
ing them are followed. I will describe first
how the seeds are sown, and then take up
each detail in order.
THE PLANTS
Always raise your own plants. An ex-
ception to this rule there may be, if you
live near a seedsman who sells plants raised
from his own seeds. But the average
plants sold throughout the country do not
produce the fruit one can obtain if he buys
his own seeds from a reliable dealer, and
raises his own plants. Plant the seeds in
good earth in a shallow box, and place the
box in a sunny window in a warm room.
The kitchen is a good room until the plants
are about one inch high. Then keep in
a room where the temperature averages
sixty degrees, and on pleasant days give
as much air as possible. If you can keep
them out of doors under glass, so much the
better. It is important to see that they do
not grow too fast. If kept in a warm room
they will do so. It is not the size of the
plant, but the age of it that determines
when it will bear fruit. This was explained
to me by an old and very successful market
gardener who said, ‘““Never mind the size
of the plant if you wish early fruit. Be
sure that it is old. Plant (in the vicinity
of New York), the middle of February.”
I have followed this advice for the past
eight years with the best success, and al-
ways obtain early fruit. Do not buy seeds
advertised to produce the exceptionally
large varieties. Such tomatoes are apt to
be misshapen and the skin is also likely to
be wrinkled. A tomato of the medium size
will prove the most profitable to raise.
SETTING OUT THE PLANTS IN THE GARDEN
Never allow the tomato plant to run
along the ground. Remember that it will
climb if trained up a support, and so it is
really a vine. In certain parts of California
where the climate permits it to live for
several years, it often attains large pro-
portions, astonishing the easterner, who al-
ways thinks of it as a small plant which
runs along the ground. Some people make
a small support from a barrel hoop and
three stakes-to hold the hoop, but such a
device (or others similar to it), cannot
compare with the pole method. Procure
straight lima bean poles of about eight or
ten feet in length and set them in the
ground in rows, the rows to be four feet
apart and the poles three feet apart
in the rows. Plant one tomato at the
base of each pole, as close to it as possible.
As the top of it grows upwards cut off
every side shoot and allow only the single

sis

@
.
~
g
Ks
5
Ks

se)
*
S

S38

“The BestRoses for America”’
Our 1912 ROSE BOOK, lists

the world’s newest and choicest

Let us send you a copy—FREE. Within its
beautifully colored covers are accurate de-
scriptions and photographs of almost limit-
less varieties for every environment and
climate. Also the valuable data on plant-
ing, fertilizing, cultivating, etc., formerly
issued in our “How to Grow Roses,” a
complete Rose Lover’s Calendar, and our
Free Delivery Offer. Behind this Rose
Book, and behind

Conard &JonesRoses

are the foremost rose propagators in
America, fifty years of priceless experience,
and a positive guarantee of bloom.

By all means, write for this large, beautiful
book offering you ‘‘Money’s

worth or money back.’’ Drop

us a postal TO-DAY.

THE CONARD &JONES CO. Sst fess
Box 52 . West Grove, Pa. AMERICA\ -

Rose Specialists+-50 years’ experience

IP OTP HED HE

A Strange Catastrophe

HIS tree had stood in City Hall Park, New York, for nearly a hun-
It showed no signs of decay. One day while the park
was crowded with persons hurrying to their homes all unconscious
of danger, with no apparent cause and without warning it fell and

injured a score of persons—three seriously.
Just as sudden and unexpected are most of the accidents which occur
daily. No mind can foresee them. No amount of caution can prevent them.

dred years.

Amid such unseen dangers the only sensible thing is to carry a policy of
Such a policy provides for the cost of injury by loss of
time and in case of death takes care of the family. You have escaped the
accidents of yesterday. To-morrow is yetto come. To-day is the time to act.

We paid last year 15,719 personal accident claims with benefits amount-

accident insurance.

ing to $1,713,046.
MORAL:

The Travelers Insurance Company
ie ee

Occupation __

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

PERE PERE EES

Insure in the TRAVELERS

Name_

Business Address

_ his vs

A COZY FIREPLACE.
FOR YOUR HOME

Send for This FREE BOOKLET Telling
How to Get and Install Any Design

The fireplace is the heart of the home. No house
is really a hone without its cheery blaze on winter even-
ings. If you are building or thinking of remodeling, you owe it
to yourself to send for our beautiful booklet, *‘Home and the Fire-
place.”” It tells all about Colonial Fireplaces—the only real ad-
vance in fireplace construction in the last century—all about the
Colonial Plan, which makes obtaining a fireplace as simple as or-
dering a picture. It contains beautiful illustrations of Colonial
designs, and tells how you can have a special design made free of
cost. Colonial Fireplaces are adapted to any fuel. They radiatea
full warmth all over theroom. No inconyenience—no dirt—abso-
lutely all smoke goes up the chimney. The only up-to-date fire-
place. Recommended by leading architects. You need this book
—write today—just send us your name and address— but we sug-
gest you write at once. Just drop us a line right now. (16a)

COLONIAL FIREPLACE CO., 1661 W. 12th St., CHICAGO

XXxil

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

} | ‘HE renting agent calls attention to the WoLFF PLUMBING FIXTURES
as his best guarantee to the prospective tenant of the high grade of

the plumbing system—indeed, the type of the whole buildings is
many times inferred from the use of WOLFF material throughout, When
renters become builders, the worries from “‘assembled’’ plumbing contrasted
with the perfect service of the all-built-by-one-house WOLFF plumbing,
makes it easy for the architect to use WOLFF specifications.

ESTABLISHED 1855

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively
The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm

General Offices: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, Chicago

Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago
Omaha , St. Louis

Trenton Minneapolis

Denver

CHAMBERLIN

At Old Point @mfort, Vittinia

LLSLUEERLR LA ADL EBEEELELENDPLM EEE L EL ELLE LD gp

Unique Location and Surroundings

Hotel Chamberlin is located right in the Centre or
Military and Naval Activities, and in the Midst of Country
replete with Historic Surroundings and Associations.

From the luxurious Lounging-rooms of The Hotel, one commandsan extensive View
of Hampton Roads, a brilliant and ever changing naval Panorama.

Fortress Monroe, with the fascination of Military Life—Drills, Dress-parade, etc., is but
a minute from The Chamberlin.

The Chamberlin is the Social Centre for the Army and the Navy. Every Social Function is brightened by
the Presence of Army and Navy Officers.—Plenty of Gaiety and Life—Dance Programs always filled.—A Spice
and a Dash to social Life that takes it away from the Commonplace.

Every attraction is yours to enjoy to the full at this big, luxurious, yet intimately homelike Resort.

_ The Sea-pool. is the most magnificent indoor bathing Pool in America, radiant with Sunlight, and supplied
with ever-changing, Pure, Fresh Sea-water.

The Medical Bath Department is in charge of an expert in Hydropathy and is complete in ey
every detail. on

The Chamberlin is an ideal Place for Rest, for Recuperation and for Pleasure

ts
For further information
and interesting illustrated
booklets, af ply at any Tourist
Bureau or Transportation
Office or address me, per-
sonally,

GEO. F. ADAMS, Mer,
‘) Fortress Monroe, Va.
New York Office, 1122 Broadvray

SUEEEBEOLLEEEE LP 3

9 PLIPILDLLLLLL LLLP DELLE PELL PA gigs

when allowed to ripen on the vine.

stem to run up the pole. About every ten
inches tie the plant loosely to the pole. I
find the best material to use for this is old
muslin torn up into strips about half an
inch wide. Tie the strip tightly to the pole,
and then make a loop with the ends around
the plant. This will support it without
cutting or bruising. My plants always grow
up far above my head, and I have to stand
on a box to tie the uppermost parts.
HOW TO CONTROL THE RIPENING OF
FRUIT

The whole secret of success in con-
trolling the ripening of the fruit, consists
in trimming the plant itself. I have already
mentioned that every side shoot must be
cut off. When the green tomatoes begin
to turn white, cut off all leaves which shade
them. Of course those at the bottom of
the plant will turn white first. Simply cut
off the leaves as fast as tomatoes are
needed. If they ripen too fast, stop trim-
ming. This method allows sunlight to fall
directly upon the fruit, and insures thor-
oughly ripened tomatoes. Many of those
you buy are not so ripened, but have been
picked from vines on the ground. There
is the greatest difference in the taste of
such fruit from those ripened on a vine
fastened to a pole. It is interesting to see
tomato vines trained up in this manner
about the first week in September. At the
bottom of the pole only the stem of the
plant is left; all the leaves and tomatoes
having been removed. About half way up
the pole clusters of tomatoes are red or
turning so. Above them are green ones,
and at the extreme top, small ones are just
beginning to form. By the method just ex-
plained the whole matter of output is in the
grower’s hands, and no waste need occur.
I gather ripe tomatoes, when the vines are
not touched by frost, until the third week
in October. With the vines on low sup-
ports or on the ground this is practically
impossible. The writer finds it always ad-
visable to plant a row of early corn on
each side of the tomato space.

The corn may be gathered and the stalks
removed before many of the tomatoes
ripen, and an abundance of sunlight and
air is thus secured. This plan is especially
desirable for small gardens where space 1s
at a premium.

DCES THIS METHOD REDUCE THE OUTPUT?

Some readers may ask if this method
does not reduce the number of tomatoes
that the plants would ordinarily yield. The
writer’s experience has been to the con-
trary. He not only obtains a much larger
crop, but the tomatoes are much finer in
quality. Of course none are lost by rot,
which is often the case where the fruit
touches the earth, when the vines run on
the ground. When I first tried the method,
I was somewhat skeptical as to the results
I would obtain, and therefore only planted
half of my plants on the poles. The
balance IJ left as usual on the ground. But
one season convinced me that the pole
method was far superior. The labor neces-
sary to trim the plants and train them up
the poles is very small when one considers
the excellent results which follow.

If it is so desired the entire vine and
the tomatoes upon it may be taken from
each pole just before a killing frost, and
they may be stored in a cool dark place in
the house. The fruit upon them will
gradually ripen, giving ripe tomatoes until
January. This is in many respects a
simpler method than wrapping each tomato
in paper and has given good results; the
fruit seeming to retain its flavor bette:

THE

March, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

/ NEW BOOKS §

Z &§

THE DREADNAUGHT Boys ON BATTLE PRAC-
TIcE. By Captain Wilbur Lawton. New
York: Hurst & Co., 1911. 12mo.; 305
pp.; illustrated. Price, 50 cents.

Life aboard a modern battleship, even in
“the piping times of peace,” has in it sugges-
tion enough of excitement to fire the patriot-
ism and set the blood simmering. When
traitors enlist, and a foreign government
attempts to learn through them the secret
of a new explosive, it is evident that our
two boy heroes, Ned and Herc, have their
work cut out in the circumventing of their
country’s foes. The features of the modern
American war vessel are sketched with a
convincing pen, and the routine of sea life,
the working of the big guns, and the in-
cidents of target practice form the back-
ground for a series of thrilling adventures
culminating in a “‘flare-back” that imperils
many lives during the trial of the Varian
gun and its marvelous new explosive.

A GUIDE TO GREAT CITIES: WESTERN Ev-
ROPE. By Esther Singleton. New York:
The Baker & Taylor Company, 1911.
12mo.; 295 pp.; 16 illustrations. Price,
$1.25 net.

Behind the crumbling stones of Old
World cities lurks a soul which the hurried
and worried tourist seldom more than
glimpses. Yet only in the light of the past
can we properly interpret the present. It
is toward such an adequate and satisfying
interpretation that Miss Singleton gently
leads the willing traveler. Sixteen of the
most famous cities of France, Spain and
Portugal are presented in pictures and in
historical and descriptive narration, and al-
though the style is of necessity condensed,
the selection of material shows good judg-
ment, a sense of proportion and, in the man-
ner of its conveyance to the reader, some-
what more of charm than the dry tabula-
tions of the average guidebook.

Birp FLIGHT As THE Basis oF AVIATION.
By Otto Lilienthal. New York: Long-
mans, Green & Co., 1911. 142 pp.; 94
illustrations and 8 lithographed plates.
To review Otto Lilienthal’s classic book,

which for twenty years has served as the

basis of experiment on the part of many
inventors, is quite unnecessary. That work
has already taken its place as a literary
monument to its author. Only too long has
it been inaccessible to English readers, for
which reason this translation from the
second edition is to be welcomed. Although
time and the experience of aviators have
perhaps disproved some of the great Otto

Lilienthal’s contentions, in the main the

work still stands as a safe, sane, and clear

exposition of the principles that underlie
dynamic flight. Mr. Lilienthal’s brother

Gustav supplies an eloquently-worded pre-

face in which he points out the debt of the

modern aviator to the early gliding experi-
ments made at Rhinow.

A RomMaAN Pircrimace. By R. Ellis Rob-

erts. New York: Frederick A. Stokes
Company. Cloth; 16mo.; illustrated;
274 pp.

Mr. Roberts’ volume is a thoroughly en-
tertaining and sympathetic discourse upon
his subject, attractively illustrated in color
by William Pascoe, who, however, seems
more intent upon depicting the Pope’s Rome
than the illustrator’s, a virtue perhaps in the
present instance, where the excellent illus-
trations are in half-tone.

Plan Your Garden

Selection Now

HETHER your garden is going
to be a pride, a pleasure, a
healthful recreation, or the reverse,
will depend largely upon your selec-
tion of seeds, plants and bulbs.
Beginning a garden—-flower or
vegetable--even for the most inex-
perienced, is rendered a delight if
guided by

DREER’S
GARDEN BOOK

AN COMPREHENSIVE work of 288 pages,
with splendid photo reproductions on

each page, beautifully illustrated with 4 color
pages and 6 duotone plates.

Declared by gardening experts to be the
most complete catalogue of its kind published.

Our collection of dependable novelties—flowers that will make
your garden gay from spring until frost--vegetables that will linger
in your memory long after they are eaten.

Easy Instructions for Growing
Almost Every Flower and Vegetable

KVERYTHING that can interest the flower enthusiast—the farmer, the trucker.

the home gardener—is treated in this Dreer’s Garden Book. Describes more than
1,200 varieties of flower seeds, including many new ones offered exclusively by us after
thorough test at our trial grounds.

Offers more than 2,000 kinds of plants.
about 600 varieties of vegetables.

New Hardy Plants—the best and latest Larkspur, Iris, Phloxes, Peonies—New
Hardy Shrubs and Hardy Climbers. A complete offering of the World’s Best Roses—
strong, two-year-old plants that will give a full crop of flowers this season.

Among the American and European novelties this year, are the Splendid Cardinal
Climber, Asters, Sweet Peas and Zinnias.

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1912 is not a mere catalogue, but is a work of valu-
able garden information for everybody.

Tells in simple, concise English, all

You cannot afford to be without it.

Mailed free. Write for it to-day.

DREER’S ORCHID—FLOWERED SWEET PEAS |
|

The finest of all with immense wavy flowers in sprays of three and four blossoms each. Just
as easy to grow as the common sort. |
Our mixture contains a full range of colors. 10 cents per packet—15 cents per ounce—40_ |

cents per 4% pound. Garden Book free with each order.

HENRY A. DREER

714 Chestnut Street Philadeiphia, Pa.

XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1912

Home Waterworks. A Manual of Water
Supply in Country Homes. By Carleton
J. Lynde, Professor of Physics in Mac-
Donald College, Quebec. New York:
Sturgis & Walton Company, Cloth; 5 by
7% inches; pp. 270; 106 text figures.

ih OTD Tae | PL Vin ni iN IG

MON » LU

| HE built-in bath is
an integral part of
the room and tiling
—the joint is water-tight.
It utilizes an awkward
corner or recess. Space is
economized. There are
no out-of-the-way places
behind or beneath. ‘The
fixture 1s embedded in
cement, insuring durabili-
ty and cleanliness.

Mott’s built-in baths of
Imperial Solid Porcelain
| are glazed inside and out
—a beautiful and perma-
nent finish.

\
ws pues : LTT > eee
Y : Z

inating.

safe delivery.

WILLIAM LEAVENS & CO., Mfrs., 32 Canal Street, Boston, Mass.

Is distinguished from the “ordinary” by
three predominating features:

First—lts solid construction, withstanding the
most strenuous usage,

Second—The simple artistic lines of the designs,
conforming with ideas of the most discrim-

Third—Custom finishes to suit’ the individual
taste and harmonize with the surroundings.

No home furmished with ‘Leavens
made” furniture can be criticised for
‘lack of good taste or refinement.

Moderate prices prevail on our entire
stock. Careful shipments made, insuring

Send for full set of over 200 illustrations

LUMEING

“MODERN PLUMBING’’—For complete
information regarding | bathroom or kitchen
equipment, write for ‘‘ Modern Plumbing,’’

an 80-page booklet illustrating 24 model bath-
room interiors ranging in cost from $73 to
$3,000. Sent on request with 4c. for postage.

Tue J. L. Morr Iron Works

1828 EIGHTY-FOUR YEARS SUPREMACY 1912
FirrH Ave. AND 17TH SrReET, NEw York

BRANCHES: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Min-
neapolis, Washington, St. Louis, New Orleans, Denver, San
Francisco, San Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Portland (Ore. ) Indi-
anapolis, Pittsburgh, Columbus, O,, Kansas City, Salt Lake
City. CANADA: 138 Bleury Street. Montreal.

ere Se - YY fy

_ BATH. BUILT IN CORNER

Price, 75 cents net.

If we have any criticism to make of this
book, it is the fact that it contains too much
irrelevant matter. Plumbing and sewage
disposal, cesspools, and discussions of sani-
tary problems, however brief, hardly find
a place in such a book. Not all of the
statements made on the subject of sanita-
tion can be commended. Whatever the au-
thor may believe, the septic tank is not gen-
erally to be recommended. Despite these
faults, the author has performed a really
useful service in giving the general reader,
without too much technical verbiage, a good
idea of the various kinds of water supply
systems which are available for country use.
He has also given descriptions of the
methods in which most of the apparatus
described operates, which, although not
strictly necessary, 1s nevertheless good, be-
cause only too few householders know any-
thing of the physical principles that are in-
volved in the construction and operation of
water supply systems.

Roap Ricuts or Motorists. By Twyman
©. Abbott. New York: Outing Publish-
ing. Co., 1910; Cloth, l2mes oeiice
$1.50 net.

This is the book for the man who wants
to know his rights and obligations on the
highway. The Rules of the Road contain
in full the law and the custom touching
cirection of travel, speed, responsibility for
accidents, the meaning of negligence and all
the manifold things that the motorist must
know. Then follow the Motor Vehicle
Statutes of all the states in alphabetical
order. The volume closes with a General
Index. Contains in compact form informa-
tion that can be secured in no other single
volume.

[TALIAN CASTLES AND CounTRY SEaTs. By
Tryphosa Bates Batcheller. New York:
Longmans, Green & Company, 1911.
Large 8vo; illustrated; 512 pp. Price,
$5.00 net.

Mrs. Batcheller’s “Glimpses of Italian
Court Life” is well known to the public, and
the present volume will therefore find a
circle of appreciators of this writer looking
forward to this new volume from her pen.
Travelers in foreign lands are inclined in
writing of their travels and sojourns to
show the more picturesque side of the life,
which is the life of the lower classes, but
Mrs. Batcheller presents the other side of
Italian life, her stories sparkling with bright
bits of biographies of men and women in
the Italy of to-day, thus presenting a vivid
and intimate picture of contemporary Ital-
ian life. Not only is the volume interesting
in text, but it is beautiful in typography and
in its binding.

Tue IpeaL ItTar1AN Tour. By Henry
James Forman, Boston: Houghton-Mif-
flin Company, 1911. Small, 16mo.; illus-
trated. Price, $1.50 net.

The object of this volume is to serve as a
companion book to the traveler in Italy, as
well as to supply an interesting and readable
account of an Italian tour to the general
reader. It aims to suggest an ideal tour in
the most absorbing country in the world,
leading the reader through the myriads of
sights to those no traveler should miss, and
telling him simply, picturesquely, and ef-
fectively, the things all travelers desire to
know.

March, 1912

Rome. A Practical Guide to Rome and Its
Environs. By Eustace Reynolds-Ball,
B.A., F.R.S. London: Adams & Charles
Black. New York: Macmillan’ & Co.,
16mo. Price, $1.10 net.

There is perhaps no city in Europe which
exercises so potent a charm on all classes
of visitors as does Rome. It may be partly
due to its historic traditions, memories and
associations, in which no city in the world
is so rich; or we may attribute this glamor
to its wealth of art treasures, its noble
churches, its streets of Renaissance palaces,
and its supreme archeological and historical
interest. Books about Rome are legion, and
the author who is desirous of adding an-
other to this literature should be very cer-
tain that he is able to produce a valuable
handbook. Mr. Reynolds-Ball has suc-
ceeded in making a guide which is light in
weight, small in size, and which is most
comprehensive. The text is excellently writ-
ten, and the authorities consulted most im-
posing. The climate and medical hints, if
attended to, will greatly minimize the dan-
gers of illness in Rome, stories of which are
very much exaggerated. The illustrations,
many of which are in color, are extremely
beautiful. There is an excellent folding
map of Rome on a good scale.

ESSENTIALS OF Poetry. By William A.
Neilson. Boston and New York: Hough-
ton - Mifflin Company, 1912. Cloth;
16mo. ; 282 pp. Price, $1.25.

In his preface to this volume the author
states that his point of view as presented
herein was reached in the course of dis-
cussions with a class of students in English
literature at Harvard University. The scope
of the book is somewhat indicated by the
titles of its various chapters: “The Balance
of Qualities,” “Imagination and Poetry,”

“Imagination and Romanticism,” “Reason
and Classicism,’ “The Sense of Fact and
Realism,” “Intensity in Poetry,’ “Senti-
mentalism in Poetry,” “Humor in Poetry.”

The author has made no attempt at a
final definition of poetry. The formula he
presents is only one of many ways that
might be suggested of approaching the prob-
lems, practical and theoretical, which offer
themselves for solution to the serious stud-
ent of the subject.

Professor Neilson’s book is quite as much
a volume for the lay reader as for the ad-
vanced student, and is heartily recommended
to everyone to whom the subject appeals in
the least.

A LittLe Pirerimace IN Itaty. By Olave
M. Potter. Boston and New York:
Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1911. Cloth;
8vo.; illustrated; 360 pp. Price, $4.00
net.

This is a book of simple delight, a chron-
icle of little pleasures. The author takes
one away from the great cities to the Italian
hills and hill-towns—tiittle cities of great
memories standing knee-deep in flowers—
Arezzo, Cortona, Perugia, Sienna, Urbino,
and the rest of them. It is a delightful rec-
ord in pleasant memory of a little pilgrim-
age that brought the writer to many shrines,
and haunts of peace and beauty. Of un-
spoiled Umbria Miss Potter truly remarks,
“If you are travel-stained with life, if the
sweat of a workaday world still clings about
you, if you have lost your saints and al-
most forgotten your gods, you will cure the
sickness of your soulin Umbria.”’ The illus-
trations are by Yoshio Markino, a Japanese
artist of marked merit, working in the west-
ern way but awake to the more subtle im-
pressions that often escape artists who are
bent on making a pretty picture only.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

XXV

me red i on Pj nen BES,
re Se b/ % oy A

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations
Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes many years to
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Spring Price List gives complete information.

ANDORRA NURSERIES °& osiistipma’ Pa.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

The Home of Wholesome Food

A Snow-White Solid Porcelain Compartment Ghe“Monroe

It does away with cracks, joints, crevices, corners and
The Lifetime Refrigerator

other natural hiding places for dirt, odors, decaying food
and dangerous microbes found in other refrigerators.
SEND FOR OUR VALUABLE FREE BOOK ON
HOME REFRIGERATION. It tells you how to keep
your food sweet and wholesome—how to cut down ice
bills—what to seek and what to avoid in buying any
Every housewife and home owner should have one.

refrigerator.
It also describes the wonderful advantages of the “MONROE.” The one refrigerator

with each food compartment made of a solid piece of unbreakable snow-white porcelain
ware—every corner rounded like above cut. The one refrigerator accepted in the best
homes and leading hospitals because it can be made germlessly clean by simply wiping
out with a damp cloth. The one refrigerator that will pay for itself in a saving on ice
bills, food waste and repairs. The “MONROE?” is sold at factory prices on 30 days’ trial.
We poy the freicht and guarantee “full satisfaction or money back.” LIBERAL CREDIT
TERMS IF DESIRED. MONROE REFRIGERATOR COMPANY, Station 29, Lockland, O.

FRUITAND ORNAMENTAL

IRISH ROSES TREES EVERGREENS

And Hardy Perennials. Extra izes for Immediate Effect
Liberal Discounts on Large Orders. Catalogue Free.

S. G. Harris ROSEDALE NURSERIE

Sold Direct

69 HAMILTON PLACE
TARRYTOWN, N. Y.

WONOYONVONOVONOV OI OIOIOEOOEEO, Y
; D
~-. When It’s a Case of Keeping %
- : >
the Food Right y)
= a] 1»)
\, then you must have a McCray. %
Sneed Built to give active cold air circulation xB
inside, acting on Nature’s rule that heat S|
ascends and cold descends. This withthe ©}

heat excluding construction of the McCray walls, gives

a low temperature and a dry, cold circulating atmosphere 1)
that keeps foods at their best. eS
>

McCray Refrigerators

are made in all stock sizes to serve the needs of the smallest or the largest family. No refrigerator in
the world is made more carefully or closer to the ideal of perfect ventilation and refrigeration by circula-
tion of cold, dry air. Most sanitary, easiest cleaned linings, opal glass, enamel, porcelain, or oderless white
wood—no zinc—generous capacity—thorough workmanship. en -

The McCray Refrigerator will protect the family’s health and
give unequaled service.

Any of the stock sizes can be arranged to be iced from the outside,
thus avoiding the inconvenience and muss of the ice man. You get
every special feature in a McCray stock size.

g “How to use a Refrigerator” and
Write for Free Book any of the following catalogs:

OKOKK

No. &8—Regular sizes for Residences No. A.H. Built-to-order for Residences
No. 68—For Groceries , No. 59—For Meat Markets
No. 49—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions No. 72—For Flower Shops

McCray Refrigerator Co., 227 528s Sch

COOK ORO OR OKOMOKOKOROKOKOROROKOKOROK

— 4
AOROROROEOROKO

‘f

ee Ze

XXxVi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1912

DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS An IntRopucTory PsycHoLocy. By Mel-
. . ° T .
In Building Your Home Why Not Spend Your Money Wisely? bourne Stuart Read, Ph.D. New York:
Our New Book of Ideal Home Plans and General Suggestions Ginn & Co., 1911. 12mo. ; 309 pp. ; illus-
By GEO. M. KAUFFMAN, Architect trated.
wail solve eas problems and make your home building and planning fascinating as “An Introductory Psychology” is written
| well as prohtable. 1 5 : z
Distinctive Homes and Gardens is devoted to the home—its planning, building, ma popular rather than a technical termin-
remodeling, beautifying, etc. It was published to fill an ever increasing want for a yolume ology so that any reader of ordinary in-
containing practical information and suggestions for the home-lover, together with pictures, o7? : ,
Blan and descnphons of the various charming types of domestic architecture of low and telligence may understand its teachings
moderate cost, the country over. 5 s
y If yon want your home to mefleet your itsete and aces even will eae book of great value. It elle ee By word pod without first mastering a new vocabulary.
lliustrahons how to make your house and surroundings distinctive and livable—whether it be a cotta: r nsion. It makes ar t t 4 j
that there is no excuse for unattractive homes on account of expense—that the necessities of the “lamang Gan ibe nnn le ihe’ sears vat eeniring After explanations of the general nature of
beauty and that if you proceed in an intelligent manner you will have a home to fit your every need, wholesome in its art, fitting its environ- consciousness and of the nervous system,
ment and possesing a charm that, will increase with age. : ; I h deal ith tt .
" i rou Fonte bat you phonid Feowne a eh that will ce yeu to grasp quickly Pe oy the usual cewennals and sqerets of the author deals with the various processes
eautiful home making but it teaches also the various rules, elements and general principles upon which all good architecture is based. e j j 1
author in preparing this book has drawn not only from his long personal experience, but has also consulted many other noted authorities, whem of adaptation, sense stimulation, the modes
he quotes frequently, thus giving you the benefit of the experience and knowledge of those who by reason of their training—of their intimate governing affection and feeling attention
knowledge of all that has been done in the past, has fitted then to wisely counsel you—enabling you to achieve effects otherwise impossible. : : : eel .
_The aerenuly selected Contents saucludes allie various and popula ie a domesbe eremiechites ee many pacesi cl sug- and interest, memory, imagination, emotion
gestions and information cover important branches of the fascinating problems uilding, tl i ite to th t- 4 {
ing and peauniying the Bremiccs: lide dul scace bet ea the tie home and the commonplace house—mere building ve, atin building, the and the ae 1 ee those who desire some
matter of plans, the puzzling problems of extras, costs, the other usual pitfalls, etc., and how to avoid tl r t iscu: 3 5 i
his work is published in three series—Ist and 2nd series each have 72 (10 nile) pagestand Boilers Heucestoe Ist series Pi a DON, c ge of the human mind and
vary from $1,000 to $6,000. 2nd series from $6,000 to $15,000. Price of each $1.00, postpaid. Third series (a combination of Ist and its mechanism, this text-book will serve to
2nd series) will be sent postpaid upon receipt of $1.50. initiat h A 1! fi : f
We also furnish plans and specifications as per our special offer. mi 1a e t em into the rst mysteries ota
THE KAUFFMAN CO. 620 Rose Building, Cleveland, Ohio | | {4cinating and comparatively new science.
It will aid them toward a more intelligent
direction of mental effort, and it imparts a
| | D knowledge that should be universal.
if PLAYGROUND TECHNIQUE AND PLAYCRAFT.
a A mee pelle whose weight can be adjusted to the conditions of your lawn, garden, tennis Voll By Arthur Leland and Lorna
ae court or driveway. ; - ees Tt 4
ne i ° ( A light Machine for the soft, wet spring lawn; Higbee Leland. New York: Baker &
pleNN \ In ne + A heavy Machine for the hard, dry summer lawn; Taylor Company, 1910. 8vo.; 284 pp.;
Neen (A heavier Machine for the driveway or tennis court _ illustrated. Price, $2.50 net.
Es i’) 4 Why buy one of the old style iron or cement fixed-weight rollers that is generally too heavy or too light i ,
z fl to do your laa most good, paying for two or three hundred pounds of useless metal—and freight The schoolroom inculcates obedience un-
, on it as well—when less money will buy the better, more efhcient. : . ‘5
der pain unis :
“ANYWEIGHT” WATER BALLAST LAWN ROLLER Saal turin serare ute a ee, FS
A difference pee pounds may mcen Success Gs re to your ae a half ton machine will spoil it i instills discipline, fortitude, and honor for
1 ing, i 00-Ib. roller is absolutely useless later in the season. you desire a fine, soft,
Se eetit Bdsengiesny: instead of a coarse, dead looking patch of grass, use an ‘‘Anyweight Water the benefit of the one and the many. It
| Ballast Roller—built in 3 sizes, all of 24-inch diameter and of 24, 27 and 32-inch width, Drums _ boiler teaches more forcibly than does the school-
| riveted or acetylene welded Weight 115, 124 or 132 lbs. empty—from that “‘anyweight’’ up to half a ton 1 : 5
when ballasted. Filled in 30 seconde mnnes in a jiffy. Runs eaeyy ass ae Lietme room, the lesson of our independence, and
D 2 i i , postpaid, our valuable and interesting ee : .
) This Book Sent Free: een ea ee oe en a tae Ske with, Folder the necessity of sharing pleasure in order
= about the ‘‘Anyweight.””. Write us to-day. Save money—save your lawn. to enjoy it. Its activities clear the brain,

WILDER STRONG IMPLEMENT CO., Box 9, Monroe, Mich. upbuild the vital powers and the physique,

and establish the outdoor habit. At the
same time the brain is assimilating rules,
grasping intricate situations, and learning
to take quick advantage of these situations.
“Playground Technique and Playcraft” is a
very thorough study of the philosophy of

BROOMELL’S VACUUM CLEANER

The VICTOR Electric Stationary

It is a mistake to think about a Vacuum Cleaner as something to be used

only at housecleaning time. They should be used for all of the weekly play in its practical applications, and of the
and daily sweeping. ne een lay-out and equipment of the ideal play-
All dirt is deposited in the bottom of the pedestal, from which it is easily ground. It emphasizes the adaptability of

removed, as shown in the cut.

Broomell’s VICTOR is a strong, durable machine, is equipped with the the child, through play, to the world of

best possible electric motor (1 H. P. for a single sweeper outfit). The nature and material things. It is rich in
Victor Pump is positive in its action and pulls a strong, steady vacuum. The suggestion to all child enthusiasts. A second
Pump has only three moving parts, and will last a lifetime. volume still further develops the idea of

In addition to the Stationary Electric machine shown in the illustration, ; Re ; ; ch hove
we manufacture a special type Stationary Vacuum Cleaner to be used with manual training, throug 1 whic the ch dren
Gasoline Engine, or other available power. are taught to make their own playthings,

Send for booklet giving full particulars. and includes also playground administra-

VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY York, Pa. tion, supervision and operation.

WALTER Pater. By Ferris Greenslet.
Boston: Houghton-Miffin Company.
Price, 75 cents net:

This is a new and revised edition of Mr.
Greenslet’s well-known book on Walter
Pater which appeared before in a biography
of this Englishman of letters. Mr. Greens-
let’s treatment of his theme is equally sane
and sympathetic. In a compass of 150 pages
of large type the author has given a more
satisfying portrait and estimate of Pater
than have many other critics in a dozen
times the amount of text.

PROTECT Your floors

Write uru—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U.S, A.
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

HARTSHORN
SHADE ROLLERS

Bear the script name of
‘ Stewart Hartshorn on label.
Get “Improved.” no tacks required.

Wood Roilers Tin Rollers

You can get

earlier— bigger—

mone ebrotta le King ArtHuUR AND His Kwnicuts. An
Abridgment of Le Morte d’Arthur,
edited by Henry Burrowes Lathrop. II-
lustrated by Reginald Birch. New York
The Baker & Taylor Company. 8vo.
Price, $1.50 net.
Emphasis is laid upon the fact that this

And with far less
labor and expense
than with an ordi-
nary single glass
sash

Your celery and
cauliflower will
be bigger--earlier

| With Sunlight Double Glass Sash, youdon’t ¢an begin gathering while they are still a is not a series of excerpts from the origi-

fa\|_, have to cover and uncover the frames with luxury onthe market. So order now! nal, but a careful abridgment in which the
sid jopeavy mats and boards. The small %% inch Send us your name and address and we shall 2, a

». ‘@» air space between the layers of glass af- Mail you our free catalogand net price list. We utmost has been done to retain in one

aN . : shall make immediate
fords perfect protection against frost, and shipment on receipt of

yyour plants get allthe light and warmth — order. Onreceipt of 4c
hey need. we will mail you in ad-
Now is the time to get ready to start your dition, Prof. Massey’s

cauliflowers, celery, cabbages, melons, etc. Pee ode ae enone
,

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash, your on the subject. Write
% plants will be earlier—hardier—-and you for these books today.

he Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., 943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

volume of moderate size’all the vivid color-
ing and incident of Malory’s narrative. The
story of the Morte d’Arthur is told, sub-
stantially as Malory told it, in a connected
series of vital episodes that can not fail to
appeal strongly to young people.

March, 1912

MATERIALS FOR PAPER MONEY
HE Engineer's Souvineer calls attention
to the materials used in the manufac-

ture of the paper money for the United
States Treasury. “The materials,’ says this
publication, “that go to make our paper
money are gathered together from all parts
Gbeene world. Pare on the paper tber as
linen rag from the Orient. The silk comes
from China or Italy. The blue ink is made
from German or Canadian cobalt. The
black ink is made from Niagara Falls acety-
lene gas smoke, and most of the green ink,
mixed in white zinc sulphite, is made in
Germany.

The red color in the seal is obtained from
a pigment imported from Central America.

PHYSICIANS IN GERMANY

HE census of 1910 in Germany showed

a total of 32,449 physicians in the
empire. This is an increase of 480 over
the preceding year, and represents one
practitioner to two thousand inhabitants.
The number of medical students showed a
much larger increase, the numbers for 1909
and 1910 being, respectively, 9,239 and 11,-
125. Although in general the cities have
a larger proportion of physicians than the
towns, Berlin does not lead in this respect.
The number of physicians per ten thousand
of the population varies through a rather
wide range, being as high as 22 in Wies-
baden and as low as 4 in Gelsenkirchen.
Some of the more important cities have the
number of physicians per ten thousand in-
habitants set opposite their names below:

ZGrliin “he te eane ean sooo a encaare 12
1 WSSU Cl tu Re etd core eo Ieee 16
SIGEEAITE Ie hae a ee ope rae 10
WeSd ener Me rtals cian Sivascseie 9
LETH ZiGE ee Ok 6 POR SU BENS Meee OES ee 8
ESR aI hier ee en ators tale oh erasel sens Zistetoenas 5
(CIGTTITE 2 Bleach etcto telee oe eREE 5

The number of women who are practic-
ing medicine has been increasing rapidly.
In 1908 there were only 55; in 1909 there
were 69, and the number reported for 1910
is 102. Of these Berlin has the largest
number, 32; and Munich, Frankfort and
Dresden report six each. The number of
women studying at the medical colleges in-
creased from 371 in 1909 to 512 in 1910.

PRIVET HEDGES
By WERNER BOECKLIN

T is probably safe to say that California
Privet is more generally used as a hedge
plant in the United States than any other.
This does not mean that it is always the
best, but since it is a fast grower it has
“taken” with the American public, which
looks for immediate results even in nursery
stock.

Although one pays for hedge plants by
the hundred the final cost may be easily
reckoned by the linear foot. There is trench-
ing, hauling top soil and manure, planting
and refilling which enter into the cost. Pos-
sibly one is so situated that it is not neces-
sary to bring soil from elsewhere. In this
case a heavy item in the cost will be elimi-
nated.

Having staked out the lines of trench, set
the assistant to cutting the sods. See that
these are put in separate piles ready for
use elsewhere about the place or as manure
in the bottom of the trench. This trench,
for a single row planting, should be from
twelve to sixteen inches wide and eighteen
inches deep. For a double row planting the
width should be increased to twenty-four
inches. Have the soil thrown to such a dis-
tance from the trench that there is a clean,
level space left between the edge of the
trench and the toe of the soil pile. This

AMERICAN

OVE S

AND GARDENS

The Open Doors

\
etl
wn WD B

“a

the Bell
Highway

The Bell system opens more
than six million telephone doors,
so that each subscriber can talk
with any other subscriber.

It provides a highway of universal
communication to open and connect all
these doors.

——_

It also furnishes the vehicle for use on this Sh yess

highway, to carry speech from door to door oe
throughout the land.

The Bell highway is used daily by more than
twenty million people—all telephone neighbors—
by means of universal service.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy One System Universal Service

Mahogany Inlaid
Tip Table $5.00

Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer

iam

Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39-49 WEST 8th STREET
NEW YORK CITY

“in

ORNAMENTAL IRON FENC

Cheaper and more durable than wood. Over 100 patterns for
Lawns, Churches, Cemeteries, Public Grounds, ete. Ornamental
Wire and Iron Fence, Farm and Poultry Fence. Writ» for our
large catalog before buying. We Can Save You Money.

LHE WARD FENCE CO., Box 991, Decatur, Ind,

30 inches high

Hand-made

You can put up yourown CYCLONE FENC E-—noexpert workmen or special machin-
ery are required. It will go up smooth, straight and tight, whether you use wood or iron
posts, and no matter how uneven the ground. And once it is up your fence troubles and
f expenses are ended for the rest of vour life, for CYCLONE FENCE—

f i’ (clone Jawn Fence

ff ° especially when putup on our iron posts with wrought bases is ABSOLUTELY
(e a PEP PERMANENT AND REPAIR-PROOF. enna

i ot MW CYCLONE FENCE can never sag or slacken.

AAD } It is made of heavier‘and stiffer materials than used in any other fence and

i nis
My LITT a hI . i aS a aes a
Ie AU in many handsome, artistic, exclusive patterns. Cyclone Fence
if GUARANTEED TO SATISFY YGU and this guarantee is backed up by che
stn | biggest fence and gate factory in the world.
HN | We also make the famous CYCLONE TUBULAR STEEL FARM GATES.

They are to be depended on for satisfactory service. Let us show you howto

get the best and savemoney. Expert advice FREE.

CYCLONE FENCE COo., -:

Write for Free Books.

Dept. 44 Waukegan, Ill.

XXVIII

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

March, 1912

Some Sound Tree Advice

a sapling to grow into a fine shapely

tree like the one above. The owner
of the house below believes in saplings
and put his money into numerous small
trees. The one above doesn’t. He
bought one fine sturdy, well developed
tree from Hicks’ nursery and at once
that “just built” look was gone from the
place and the residence was “tied to the
grounds,” as the landscape architects
say. It’s for you to decide which method
of planting you will adopt; but in either
case we have superior trees for you.
Trees from 6 inches to 25 feet. And
choice shrubs up to 6 feet high. Our

I: takes twenty to twenty-five years for

advice would be to buy both large and
small trees and shrubs. Then you will
get certain immediate results and also
have the pleasure of seeing the smaller
things develop from year to year.

Whatever you do decide to do—send
for our catalogs now and order your
trees early—so we can ship them early,
so they can be planted early, and so
avoid the inevitable spring rush.

Isaac Hicks & Son

Westbury, Long Island

with space in our catalog.
only the best find place in our lists.

BASSETT & WELLER

20 Doe @er Oe @ oe ee Oee Ser Gor Gor er Gor Gr Gr Qe Gr Or Pr SOO GrOrg

Eee er ee Tet Dee tet De eet Se Set De See ee Set ee Dee Sete Dee ee eee ee Pee

ALL

P UMPS kinps

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

‘Tale off gour Hat to The es

BEST PUMP OW EARTH. ~~

Write for Circulars and Prices

F. E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

Catalpa,

Orchard.

' DAHLIAS that will grow ated blsniid

From the most exclusive collection in America

A new Dahlia must have decided merit—some quality above others in its class—to be honored
The varieties listed have been thoroughly tested by comparison, and

f Flowering Trees
Require Little Space

in the yard or on the lawn and are always the admira-
tion of passers-by.
Japan Cherry, Cornus, Crabs, Horse Chestnut,
Judas, Koelreutaria, Magnolias Thorns, Tulip Trees, etc.
These in connection w ith groups of Shrubbery, Roses,
Grasses and Hardy Herbaceous Plants make a beautiful
lawn and attractive, homelike surroundings.
be had at a nominal cost within the reach of everyone.
We carry everything for the Garden, Lawn, Park and
58 years of fair dealing has putus to the front.
1,200 acres, 47 greenhouses.

Write now for General Catalog No, 2,
and Ornamental Tree Catalog No. 1, 112 pages.
guarantee satisfaction.

The Storrs & Harrison Company

Catalog free.
Hammonton, N. J.

Serene cecomee recone cacorenbueceoeresenees

The highest attain-

Handel Lamp S ment in artistic and

practical illumination,
Sold by leading jewelers and lighting- Ps dealers,

Write for our Booklet, ‘Suggestions for Good Lighting.”

The Handel Company
393 East Main Street Meriden, Conn.

New York Showrooms: 64 Murray Street

Among the best are the Aralias, Ash,

They can

Two Big Books Sent FREE

168 pages; or for Fruit
Both free. We

Box 791, Painesville, Ohio

clear space on one side or the other allows
the planter to do better and quicker work,
particularly as to the proper depth of setting
the plants.

The distance from the lower branches to
the bottom of the roots in heavy plants is
twelve inches and if the plants are set with
the roots resting on the bottom of a six-
teen-inch trench the branches will be coy-
ered with four inches of soil when the
trench is refilled. It is a mistake to set the
plants so high that the bases of all the
branches are ‘above ground. Plant them so
that the point of juncture between the root
stem and the branches is from four to six
inches below the surface of the ground.
This insures a thick hedge at the bottom
where denseness is most needed.

One often sees a hedge planted on the top
of a terrace and so close to the line of slope
that it appears on the point of toppling over.
If you think it necessary to plant a hedge on
the top of an embankment, dig the trench
four or five feet back from the edge so as
to give to the hedge an appearance of se-
curity. Not only will it look better planted
so, but the plants will thrive better, as all
fertilizer which may be supplied from time
to time will reach the roots and not be lost
by washing down the embankment.

Whether in double or single row, plant
from six to nine inches apart for a dense
hedge. Two men, planter and assistant,
should set 500 plants in a day, the planter
holding the plants and pressing the soil into
place about the roots. If planting is done
in the Spring, cut the tops to within four
to six inches of the ground, immediately
after planting. If work is done in the Fall,
defer the trimming to the following Spring.
Trim three or four times in a season, each
trimming being carried a little higher than
the preceding one. After Fall planting, cover
the ground about the hedge with stable bed-
ding or with rich manure. The plants will
get on without this mulch, but in the Spring
when it is spaded in, the growth will be the
better for the added nourishment.

Most people, I find, are not impressed by
the theory upon which is based the pyra-
midal method of hedge trimming. They
want square hedges, flat on top and with
vertical sides. In some nurseries you may
find demonstration hedges showing the ad-
vantages of the pyramidal form. On the
other hand, I have seen, as doubtless has the
reader, perfect hedges trimmed on square
lines, thus rather discrediting the theory, so
far at least as privets are concerned.

Although the privet stands the hardest
sort of treatment one must not expect much
of it when planted in line with street trees.
The reason is obvious, too much shade and
too many tree roots to steal away the nour-
ishment which might otherwise go to the
roots of the hedge plants. Do not therefore
waste money on a hedge in such a position,
for it will always look scraggy in spots.

What size of plants is it best to purchase?
This depends in part upon the amount one
is willing to spend and also upon the quick-
ness of results looked for. The cost of
cutting is nominal and the time before you
have a hedge is correspondingly long. You
may buy two to three-foot plants and pay
$3.50 a hundred for them, or three to four-
foot extra heavy at $5.50 a hundred. The
additional cost, however, for the larger
plants will not add appreciably to the cost
of the hedge, for where one will use one
hundred smaller plants there will be needed
but sixty-six of the larger size and the re-
sults obtainable with the plants on account
of heavy roots and bushy tops are so supe-
rior that one would not hesitate about a
choice could the two hedges be compared
side by side.

EXCELSIOR

RUST PROOF

FENCES

FLOWER BED GUARDS, TREE GUARDS AND TRELLIS

A FENCE may be a thing of beauty as well as an “ounce of prevention.” Noth-
ing gives a place such a well-kept, trim appearance as a good fence. Wire fencing is
now universally used, but in most cases it rusts out in a few years.

EXCELSIOR Rust Proof Fence is made absolutely impervious to the weather and
does not even require painting. Any plot of ground worth fencing at all is worth fenc-
ing well, and the best fencing for home, garden or field is Wright's Excelsior Rust
Proof brand.

WE make the wire from which Excelsior Fencing is formed ; we make the wire into
fencing; we dip the completed fencing into melted metal and give it so heavy a coating
that rust cannot reach it. It becomes a solid fabric with every joint soldered together.
Either iron post, wood post or wood frame may be used in erecting.

LET us mail an illustrated book to you showing the Excelsior Rust Proof Wire in
use. It also shows Rust Proof Flower Guards, Tree Guards and Trellises. Place
orders with your hardware dealer.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, WORCESTER, MASS.

33 West Michigan Street, Chicago, Ill. 256 Broadway, New York City
125 Summer Street, Boston, Mass.

420 First Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 410°'Commerce Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
5 First Street, San Francisco, Cal.

These Books Free
to Owners of Homes

You want the best plants, trees and shrubs—the best kinds and the best

specimens.

The climate and soil of western North Carolina are such that on

the various elevations may be grown almost every hardy plant or tree. At
Biltmore Nursery those advantages are so utilized by skill and care as to pro-

duce a strain of plants of extraordinary vigor.

To aid planters in making

selections, Biltmore Nursery has published four books — any one of which will
be sent free to home-owners desiring to improve their grounds or gardens.

“Hardy Garden Flowers”

The illustrations suggest many pleasing and varied forms of hardy garden
planting—from the simple dooryard effect to the elaborate formal attainment.
Thé descriptions are full and complete, yet free from technical terms.

“Flowering Trees and Shrubs”

Many of the best of the trees and shrubs producing showy blossoms are

shown, from photographs, as grown in typical gardens, lawns and yards.

The

pictures and the text give numerous useful ideas for planting.to advantage

BILTMORE NURSERY : home grounds, large and small.

BILTMORE. N-C-

“The Iris Catalog”

Unique in that it is, so far as we know, the only book of its kind devoted

entirely to Irises.
the natural colors of the flowers.
descriptions.

16 large pages, handsomely illustrated; seven pictures in
Accurate classifications and _ variety

Biltmore Nursery Catalog

A guide to the cultivated plants of North America.

Over two years in

the making, and cost more than $1 a copy to complete. ‘Contains 196 large
pages and describes more than 300 perennials, 500 flowering shrubs, 325

distinct evergreens, 300 deciduous trees and 200 odd vines and plants.

illustrated.

Freely

Ask Us For The Book You Need

If you have a garden of perennials, or want one, request “Hardy Garden

Flowers” or “The Iris Catalog.”

tell us to send “Flowering Trees and Shrubs.”

Should you prefer the more showy things,

In case you have a larger

place and can plant extensively of many varieties, we shall be glad to send the

“Biltmore Nursery Catalog.”
you can use to best advantage.

Edition of each limited—write to-day for the one

BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1234, Biltmore, N. C.

One of the Library Interiors Shown in Catalog published by the Globe-Wernicke Co.

ECAUSE of their distinctive design and the delightful manner with

which they fit into and harmonize with the decorative scheme of any room—
discriminating folks prefer

GlobeWernicke

Bookcases

GlobeSWernicke Bookcases, while made in sections, can be obtained in certain styles without the metal interlock-
ing device that shows their sectional construction. ‘They have the appearance of solid bookcases while retain-
ing the advantages of the unit-system. GlobeSWérnicke Bookcases are sold at uniform prices by fifteen hundred
avn ec agencies, usually the leading furniture store in each city; otherwise shipped on approval, freight
prepaid.

Guide to Good Fiction Mailed Free on Request. ‘The Blue Book. of Fiction,’ containing com-
prehensive lists of good, wholesome novels, published in English, selected from the world’s greatest writers
of fiction by Hamilton W. Mabie, together with a copy of the GtobeWéernicke Bookcase catalog, will be mailed
free on request. Simply address Dept., A.H.

The Globe2Wernicke Co., Cincinnati

Branch Storess New York, 380-382 Broadway Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St.
Boston, 9]-93 Federal St. Washington, 12] 8-1220 F St., N. W. Cincinnati, ]28-134 Fourth Aoe., E.

Se ae

- ike
a _>

09
ARS Ds

tos Lhe Garden of Roses

APRIL, 1912 MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers PRICE 25 CENTS
Vol. IX. No. 4 NEW YORK, N. Y. $3.00 A YEA

By R. E. Olds, Designer

Seana oh aaaas atx ahd idk tine mh ee a

Ideal of a Car

Reo the Fifth—My Farewell Car—in every detail marks the
And I’ve built cars for 25 years.

best I know.
can build a car better he’s a better man than I.

To the Men Who
Have Faith in Me

Automobile makers say it
is simply impossible to give
the best in a car for $1,055.

I agree with them.

This price, I believe, can
not be continued. Our con-
tracts with dealers provide
for advance.

But I promise you this:

Reo the Fifth, while I
direct the making, will em-
body. the best of which I am
capable, regardless of price
or profit,

Men Look to Me

Tens of thousands of men,
in the past quarter century,
have used cars of my design-
ing.

The have. come to.have
faith in me. They believe
that I know.

Reo the Fifth is my finest
car, the cap-sheaf of my
career. And myriads of men
will remember me by it,
whatever new cars the Reo
plant may bring out.

You who look to me can
rest assured that this car
marks my limit.

R. M. Owen & Co. “a3 = Reo Motor Car Co.,

30-35
Horsepower
Wheel Base—
112 inches
Wheels—
34 inches
Demountable
ims
Speed—
45 Miles per
our
Made with 2,
4 and 5 Pas-
senger Bodies

The Final Touch

I have spent 18 months in
designing this Farewell Car.

I searched the whole motor
car world for ideas for it. In
it | embodied the best I had
learned from the 23 models
which I built before it.

I never before gave such
care toacar. Nor has any
other man, I think.

Never have I stood for
such big margins of safety—
never insisted on such care-
ful inspection.

Never before have I gone
so far to get the final touch.

Look for Yourself

The lines of the car show
its up-to-dateness.

The body is finished with
17 coats. The lamps are
enameled. Even under the
hood you’ll find the engine
nickel trimmed.

Note the deep upholster-
ing, made of genuine leather,
filled with genuine hair.

Note the car’s roominess.
Note the big wheels. The
car is over-tired.

Note the absence of petty
economies.

The Parts Which Tell

But the parts which tell
in the long run are the _hid-
den parts of a car. Men’s
final judgment will depend
on them.

I use Nickel Steel in the
axles and driving shaft, and
I make them much larger
than necessary. I use
Vanadium steel for connec-
tions.

Each lot of steel, to make
sure of it, is analyzed before
I use it.

The gears are tested in a
crushing machine of 50 tons’
capacity.

The magneto is_ tested
under conditions which very
few can stand.

The carburetor is doubly
heated, to avoid the troubles
due to low-grade gasoline.

Roller bearings are used—
Timken and Hyatt—where
ball bearings once sufficed.
There are only three ball
bearings in this whole car,
and two are in the fan.

So in every part. All the
precautions taught me by
experience are employed in
this Reo the Fifth.

Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ontario

Coo F

W/4 Brake and

GPR Clutch

One Front Door Open to Show
Center Control

If any man

New Center Control
No Side Levers

Then here; for the first
time isa cane-handle control.
All the gear shifting is done
by slightly moving this lever
in each of four directions.

Both brakes are operated
by foot pedals and one pedal
also operates’ the clutch.

So there are no side levers
—thcre is nothing in the
way of the front doors.

This arrangement permits
the left side drive, heretofore
possible in electric cars only.
The driver sits as he should
sit, close to the cars he
passes and on the up side of
the road. ;

These are conveniences
found to-day in Reo the Fifth
alone. :

Ask for the Book

Our Book points out all
the perfections, and pictures
the various bodies. Every

' motor car lover shou'd have

it, for this is one of the in-
teresting cars,

Write us to mail it—write
us now, and we will also tell
you where the car can be
seen. Address

Lansing, Mich.

Reo the Fifth
$1,055

Top and windshield not included in price. We equip this car with mohair top, side curtains and slip-cover,
windshield, gas tank and speedometer—all for $100 extra. Self-starter, if wanted, $20.00 extra.

(48)

a a Py NAO. net

aS ie 2

RPS. nage ra = Ve Fa
SRR ent cab a arse © airs Pow
"—_- ps -

See
aS

April, 1912

MAKING A BEGINNING IN POULTRY-
KEEPING

By E. I. FARRINGTON

PRIL is the best month in the year to

begin poultry-keeping. It is the great
poultry month. If a poultry-keeping ven-
ture gets a good impetus then, it seems to
move on well through the year. The eggs
are even more fertile than in March. The
chicks hatched then are likely to be strong,
robust and easy to raise. And chicks
hatched in April will make good early win-
ter layers.

There are three ways in which a man
may begin with poultry in April. He may
buy laying pullets and set the eggs or he
may purchase several settings of eggs and
hatch them with an incubator or hens or he
may place an order for as many day-old
chicks as he may want to raise. He may
even combine these plans. To buy many
pullets would entail a considerable invest-
ment, for they will cost from one to two
dollars each. And yet, by buying a few
mature birds he will have eggs all sum-
mer—perhaps until the newly hatched
chicks begin laying in the Fall.

Whether he buys eggs to set or hens to
lay the setting eggs, he will have to provide
means of incubating them. Sitting hens
are easy to find at this season and it may
be possible to pick up several nondescript
biddies at seventy-five cents apiece. It is
a good plan to set several hens at the same
time and to give all the chicks to one. If
the beginner wants to experiment with an
incubator, he can buy a good seventy egg
machine for seven or eight dollars and the
experience gained with it will be worth
while. It is better to experiment now when
eggs are cheap than earlier in the season
when they are worth five cents apiece.

The simplest plan is to buy day-old
chicks, selecting the breed which seems to
possess the most desirable characteristics
and taking into account the fact that such
breeds as the Minorcas, Leghorns and Hou-
dans lay white eggs and do not dress as
well as the Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes
and Rhode Island Reds, which lay brown
eggs. It will be remembered, likewise, that
the members of this trio are persistent sit-
ters, while those first named seldom become
broody.

The business of selling day-old chicks has
assumed mammoth proportions. Thou-
sands of chicks just out of the shell are
shipped for hundreds of miles every
Spring. Having absorbed the yolks of the
eggs from which they were hatched just
previous to breaking through the shells,
they need no food for forty-eight hours,
which is the main reason that they can be
shipped better when just hatched than
later. Special boxes for holding the chicks
when on the road have been invented and
the express companies give special atten-
tion to shipments of this kind, which re-
quire quick delivery.

Many poultry-keepers have given up
hatching chicks altogether. City people go-
ing to the country or the seashore for the
summer and desiring a supply of fresh poul-
try find it an excellent plan to buy a few

AMERICAN

Invariably select "POMPENAN BRONZE" for all

their screening because of its permanency and handsome appear-
ance. No other screening material so successfully resists the salt

~ mists of the seashore and time only serves to enhance its beauty

and to mellow its pleasing color to a point where the meshes
become practically invisible.

A home screened with this exceptional screen cloth testifies to
the good judgment and the good taste of the owner.

"POMPEIIAN BRONZE" cannot rust or deteriorate, never

requires painting, patching or renewing, and a home once screened
with it is screened for all time — barring fire or accident.

Do not re-screen with anything but "POMPEIIAN
BRONZE" — don’t think of using anything else if you are
building. Ask the architect to specify it and settle the screen
question for good. Genuine "POMPEIIAN BRONZE" can
be instantly identified by the removable red string in the selvage,
and if your dealer does not carry it, write the makers direct.

Write for our “POMPEIIAN BRONZE ”’ booklet
to-day.

CLINTON WIRE CLOTH COMPANY

DJriginal Power Loom Manufacturers of Wire Cloth Established 1856
69 Sterling Street - CLINTON, MASS.

matt

Xx 4
a

Britt tts
ablaaee

If interested in }

wood columns,
send for catalog A
40.

Our catalog A 27
shows _ illustrations
of pergolas, sun-

dials

furniture.

and garden

It will

be sent on request.

HARTMANN-SANDE

Exclusive Manufacturers

KOLL’S PATENT
LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Elston and Webster Avenues
Chicago, Illinois

SA properly designed

and well planned

sy | pergola is the finish-

CaS
©

Ing

| landscape

i tion of

RS COMPANY

PERGOLAS, PORCHES AND
INTERIOR USE

the

and

touch to
architectural
perfec-

elaborate

| grounds—it is the

onething needful to
confirm the artistic

; character of a mod-

est home.

Eastern Office
1123 Broadway, New York City

il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

CORNELL Cottages, Garages, Churches
School Houses, and Portable Buildings

of every kind are all built in sectional units.

Cornell Portable Buildings are better and less in price than home-
made. hey are water and weather proof. Painted inside and out,
colors your selection. Illustrated Art Catalog, 4c stamps, tells more.

WYCKOFF LUMBER & MFG. CO.
410 Lehigh Street, Ithaca, N. Y.

Every requisite of the ideal country home
awaits you at Port Washington Estates—

The Schilling Press

r tural and social advanta e, ever comfort and convenience. Test the truth of this bold st

Seat Come and see. : y ena te Job PRINTE RS Fine
Come and see these 160 half-acre plots, so cleverly landscaped that each offers a naturally beautiful building site, Book Art
with unusual possibilities for artistic treatment, with heavy woods, shaded roadways and magnificent views ovcr AD)

Manhasset Bay. and nk Press
Come and see how delightful ALL the surroundings would be for you, amid Long Island’s finest estates and pleas- Catalog v Work
antest people, where stringent restrictions on building and usage guarantee you congenial surroundings forever. Work A Specialty
Come and see how excellent trains cover the 18 miles from the Pennsylvania Station in 33rd Street and leave you

within ten minutes’ walk of the Estates. See the amusement possibilities, the three splendid yacht clubs, the
clean, shelving beach and deep water anchorage to which each plot has full perpetual rights, the tennis couris,
the ideal roads for motoring and riding.

137-139 E, 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Come and see! No advertisement can tell the whole truth about this ideal site for YOUR country
home. Write to-day and let us arrange for your visit, or submit full information in printed form.

PORT W ASHINGTON ESTATES, 30-D Church Street, New York City

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“(It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for ‘Economy Way”?

Economy Gas MachineCo.

Poultry, Pet and
Hive Stock Directory

Ocean Beach, Fire Island

Stucco Cement Bungalow, 4 Rooms, $600

Think It Over

We sell the things that improve the health
and increase the wealth of human happiness.
What are they2>—Good air, pure water, surf
bathing, still-water bathing, fishing, shooting,
boating, cool refreshing ocean breezes and
Seashore Lots at Ocean Beach, Fire
Island. Price, $150 per fot and upward.
Furnished cottages and bungalows to rent.
Illustrated descriptive booklet free. Write
us to-day. Ocean Beach Improvement
Co., John A. Wilbur, President, 334
Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.

Surf Bathing at Ocean Beach

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,
Cranes, Storks, Flamirgoes, Ostriches, Orna-
mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good

} healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “‘A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

Plicell 6
aro ‘oxo
WTCHEN ©§ DEN

DINING RM. LIVING RA
xD ox

PORCH

We Want the Man

who knows good archi-
tecture to send for our
new book ‘‘Homes of
Character,’ which con-
tains plans, descriptions
and cost_estimates of 40
artistic Bungalows, Cot-
tages and Houses.

“‘Homes of Character”
is beautifully bound and il-
lustrated and contains new
ideas and information that
will help you solve your
building problems.

Postpaid, $1.00
Desriptive Circular 2c.

JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Inc.
Architect
1245 Williamson Building
Cleveland, Ohio

VEST

FIRST FLOOR

“SHETLAND AND WELSH PONIES”

A. K. QUICK, MEDFORD, MASS.

RAT

KILLED B Y SCIENCE
DANYSZ VIRUS isa

Bacteriological Preparation
AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse=

like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75¢; ordinary dwelling. 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
sq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now.

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

iooue A SHETLAND PONY

“ Highest type—complete out-

fits—here. Inexpensive.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Write
for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Box 7 Markham, Va.

A Child’s Delight

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“Economy ”? Gas is automatic, Sanitary and NoPoisonous

Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
AWN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

BAe end NP

HE most modern, and best illuminating and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price

Better than City Gas or Eleo-
Liberal Terms

tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO. _——
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md. _

April, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil

dozen day-old chicks and raise them for |

their meat. Fanciers who want to get birds
of a particular strain secure them in this

way. And the amateur who starts his little |

poultry plant late in the season finds this
plan a particularly satisfactory one. If he
desires to buy a few pullets to give him
immediate returns, the expense will not be
great.
him from fifteen cents each up to very

much more, depending upon where he buys |
them and whether he seeks ordinary utility |

stock or extra choice specimens.

When the chicks arrive they must be
~brooded and two or three motherly hens
may be secured. Very likely, though, the
amateur will want to use a brooder. At this
season out-door brooders: are very easily
managed, and when they are used the chicks
may be given a grass run. Fireless brood-
ers may be used successfully, too, if the
chicks are given a little extra care at first
until they learn to seek cover when
cold. Many people are very successful
with these brooders, some of which cost
only two dollars or even less, and they
may be used in the room of the dwelling
house or on the porch or even in a shed.
It is desirable to have plenty of fresh air
for the chicks and this may be secured by
making a light frame to fit in one of the
windows and covering it with muslin,
which will allow a current of air to pass
through but will keep out the wind.

LOVE IN A GARDEN
By MAUD BISHOP BURNS

She was a Canterbury Bell
And he was a London Pride—

The gay Cockscomb of that flowery dell
And he Aster to be his bride.

But the lady wished to Marigold;
There was None-so-pretty as she.

And she took no Stock, so I’ve been told,
In a lover so poor as he.

Said he, “Be mine, sweet Columbine.
Give your Tulips to me

And ease this Bleeding Heart of mine.”
She said, “It cannot be.”

I want to live in a Golden Glow,
Not in a Meadow Sweet,

I must have Phlox, where’er I go,
Of admirers at my feet.

Sweet William then, before he Rose,
Did Balsam at her feet.

But when she said, “Now Johnny-jump-up,”
His misery was complete.

Said he, “I go, cruel Columbine
Forget-me-not, sweet lady,

And a Bachelor’s Button you will find
Tl wear forever—maybe.

Just then Jon Quil came passing by—
A Dande-lion he.

Said he, “Forgive me, if I spy,
But what is this I see?”

My sister, Prim Rose waits at home,
The Pink of propriety.

You said at Four-o’clock you’d come
And she your bride would be.

With that Sweet William got him hence,
But Columbine did stand

Until Jon Quil reached o’er the fence
And took her by the hand.

He said, “Be mine, my sweet Bride-Rose.
I'll ask Poppy to-day,

And he can dry some Widow’s Tears
When you have gone away.”

The lady dressed her Maiden’s Hair
With a lovely Bridal Wreath;

Her Lady’s Slippers she did wear,
And they walked across the heath.

Until they came to the edge of the wood,

To the spot where Jack-in-the-Pulpit stood,
And at Four-o’clock, I’ve heard it said,

Jon Quil and Columbine were wed,

The newly-hatched chicks will cost |},

Built-To-Order

Refrigerators have many advantages. They
may be made an integral part of the house,
arranged to be iced from the rear porch so that
the iceman need not enter the house—and
equipped with ice water cooler, special racks for
cooling wine, beer, mineral water, etc., and
other conveniences.

me at =

McCray Refrigerators

are built-to-order for reside:ices, clubs, hotels, hospitals, etc.
Simply send us a rough fleur plan, and our Drafting Depart-
ment will prepare architectural drawings, specifying refric-
erator suitable for your articular requirements, and submit
blue prints, specifications and estimates without charge.
McCray Refrigerators ar2 used in the U.S. Pure Food Labor-
atories, U. S. Senate ‘estaurants, and in thousands of the
leading clubs, hotels, public institutions and private residences
throughout the world. They represent the highest attainment
in sanitary refrigeration, and are endorsed by physicians and
sanitation experts everywhere. The McCray is a step inadvance
of every other refrigerator.

Write for Free

Book “How to use a refrigerator’? and
any of the following catalogs:

No. 88—Regular sizes for Residences

No. 49—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions
No. 59—For Meat Markets

No. 68—For Groceries
No. 72—For Flower Shops
No. A.H. Built-to-order for Residences

McCray Refrigerator Co.

387 Lake Street Kendallville, Ind.

FRE

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

E will send you free of charge

our book “The Proper

Treatment for Floors,

Woodwork and Furniture,’ two

sample bottles of Johnson’s Wood

Dye and a sample of Johnson’s Pre-
pared Wax.

This text book of 50 pages is very
attractive—80 illustrations—44 of them
in color.

The results of our expensive experi-
ments are given therein.

There is absolutely no similarity between

Johnson’s Wood Dye

and the ordinary ‘‘stain.’’ Water ‘‘stains”’
RAS mC CEEC hAlneOtmthes woods Oily “Ccstains) | foo autteelon se
do not sink below the surface of the wood or ¥% 126 Lish Oat
bring out the beauty of the grain. Varnish %2 125 Mission Oo
‘“stains’’ are not stains at all, they are merely ¥* 11032024

For artistic coloring of all

No. 14) Early English
: cs = No. 128 Light Mahogany
surface coatings which produce a cheap, shiny, 2% 123 B74 Mehocany

painty finish. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a Gly, — Retain Woes Doc
It penetrates the wood; does not raise the %e 12) Mes Green
grain; retains the high lights and brings out %%272Flemish oak
the beauty of the wood. Seon

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

will not scratch or mar. It should be applied with a cloth; dries instantly }
—rubbing with a dry cloth gives a velvety protecting finish of great
ceauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes.

We want you to try Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax
at our expense, Fill out attached coupon being careful to specify
the shades of dye wanted. We will mail you the booklet
and samples promptly, Do not pass this page until you have
mailed the coupon.

Ss ws
[ed "e Rae
S. C. JOHNSON & SON sx:
eek Ss ws r
° 'e ne S.s > ff
Racine, Wis. o os oe o a
Ber oF pow
s9 :
“‘The Wood Finishing Authorities’’ S

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1912

SIMPLIFIED CAMP COOKING
By E. I. FARRINGTON

AMPING out sometimes proves less

enjoyable than expected because of
difficulty in getting palatable food. Poorly
cooked rations may be overlooked for
a few days in the excitement and fun
of being in the woods, but the desire for
well-prepared meals soon returns. Cook-
ing in camp entails many difficulties at the
best, but may be made comparatively easy
by taking along some of the prepared
foods now sold.

Erbswurst is a standard ration with ex-
perienced campers and is sold by sporting
goods stores. It is a powder occupying but
little space, from which an appetizing and
very nourishing pea soup may be made in
a few minutes by mixing it with boiling
water. Many people like erbswurst so well
a, ee that they use it in their homes regularly, as
Poultry Department it costs but little. It has long been in-

YA M A B LA C K M I N 0 R C A S coe the “regular anny =a

Condensed milk will be taken as a matter

The Aristocrats of the Poultry World of course. It is better than evaporated
Trehould b 1 q fi i milk in camp, because it is sweetened, so
tt snou e a pleasure and profit to raise such that less sugar need be included in the lug-

birds and such eggs on your own farm. gage. Also, it requires less space. Coffee

They lay the largest hen’s eggs known and many | | made over a camp fire may be satisfactory

of them. Big bodied birds with long plump breasts to the pO ee ee tlevened wit) a
2 : : mance and sentiment. Some camp cooks are
ee an extra quantity of white meat for the | able to make good coffee, but the safest
; ’ aoe: plan is to carry powdered coffee, which is
Four years ago we began breeding for superior quality and ready to drink as soon as boiling water has
spared neither time or expense. To-day we have for show | been poured over it. Cold coffee is made
guality and fine points the ten finest breeding pens in the U. S. by mixing the powder with cold water. The
Eggs from these $10 a setting. powder is put in the cup, and each camper
From our thousand females we also selected five pens—not may have it strong or weak, as he likes. A
quite equal to our first prize winners at New York—but so closely ( small can which may be slipped into the
related that we have a right to expect fine specimens of them— pocket is enough for a long trip, and may
these are $5 a setting. be bought at the department stores. Sugar
Bea related to the above $3 a setting. $15 in loaf form has the advantage that it is not

a hundred. asil illed if a bag bursts.
Yama Black Minorca: Winnings at Madison Square Garden ; eee veqetables such as_ potatoes,
In 1910—First Pen. . spinach, carrots, cabbages and onions may
In 1911—First Pen. First Cock. Second Hen. First Pullet. / be bought, dried or shredded, and gelatine
Fifth and Sixth Cockerels—and the competition there capsules containing salt and pepper are put
is the keenest, as you know. up, although these condiments are easily
Last Fall we bought all the fine Barred Plymouth Rock breed- carried in small tin boxes such as cocoa
ing stock of the “Pine Top’’ Poultry Farm. We retained 75%, D comes in. Eggs come in powdered form
added the choicest individuals we could purchase and have some | and are kept for campers by sporting goods
very superior matings. Eggs $5 and $3 a setting. stores. Raisins in packages should be in-

Send :
Sng Tory Cas BORUE- cluded and are excellent to carry in the

YAMA FARM S pocket when on a tramping trip a long way

NEWTON COSH, Manager Poultry-Department from Cat: A few raisins will stay OnSS

Yara nobachic Nader eon NU hunger for a long time. Chocolate answers

; ve meet the same purpose very well, but has a ten-

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded dency to create thirst, which cannot always
be gratified easily.

There are various devices for making
camp cooking easy, among them an alum-
inum baker, a frying pan with a handle
which can be removed when the pan is
packed, and dishes which nest into one an-
other, but they are all more or less expen-
sive. One of the greatest conveniences is
a fireless cooker, and that may be made
easily enough by means of a wooden box, a
kettle with a close fitting cover, a small
supply of hay and a little square pillow. A
tight cover should be made for the box and
the latter filled with the hay, in which a
nest is made for the kettle. The food is
started over the fire, the cover of the kettle
put on tightly to retain the steam and the
kettle placed in the nest of hay, the pillow
being placed over it and the lid of the box
closed. If the cooker is tight, the food will
go on cooking for hours. Breakfast por-
ridge may be put into it at night and be hot
in the morning, allowing the cook to spend
an extra half hour in bed. The dinner may
be started in the morning, and the camp-
ers go away for several hours, leaving it to
cook. There is no danger of the food
burning or boiling dry. :

The stables at Yawma-no-uchi

One of the entrance gates at Yama-no-uchi

felt

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v

Thermos bottles are cheap now and are
exceedingly valuable in camp, making it
possible to have cold water to drink at any
time. Aluminium table dishes are excel-
lent, although rather expensive, because
they are very light to carry. Some camp-
ers like to take along a supply of wooden
or paper plates and throw them away afte1
they have used them. Canvas collapsible
water pails and basins fill a real need and
take up but little room when packed. The
camper expects to “rough it,” but will find
it worth while to plan various ways of
making the work in camp easy and of en-
suring an abundance of palatable food.

THE UNCOVERING OF HER-

if = Cet. This elegant
CULANEUM ee De ( g Nee
f ae f correct Graftsman design is
HE excavations at Herculaneum were ial De a true photographic reproduction
discontinued in 1780 owing to the Joc scale ofa page in our de Juxe book for home-
spreading of the town of Retina, which is ; Ss : builders, “The Door Beautiful.”’ Just think!
built over the ancient site, and the work : : 48 pages brimful of splendid suggestions for making home
could go no further on this account. The . ise: besideeie wealth of pegeeeey ek oreo
area now excavated is small, and is limited : ede Bel Nad Ta ie Se a
: ferent. There’s a copy for you—it's free—the coupon in upper
to a space traversed by an ancient street ‘ ; right-hand corner will bring it. Maz] 7t today.
bordered with the remains of houses. But GUARANTEED
even from this limited space were taken the é ; MORGA. PEPFECT
objects which are now in the Naples Mu- | |ggdbedectet St
seum, especially the bronzes which are so | Stn sae HARDWOOD DOORS
much admired and which give evidence of | | : : :
. . e are specified by experienced builders and reliable
the superiority that Herculaneum has over Read What A Meereesee Says architects everywhere, because chereli norother dees ined that
awe ss oe : ou organ oors oach them for splendid style and masterly con-
Pompeii in artistic riches. Unfortunately Detroit, Mich., Oct. 17, 1911. stractionseoneejust as good.“ Perfect match for every style
there are several obstacles which prevent y poe ike of architecture. Scores of letters like the one at the left
< . : : Morgan Sash & Door Co. Chicago, Ill. attest their supremacy. Don’t think of building or remodel-
uncovering the site of the ancient city to G : ke eee hea ee cele Dee Bea ital SSonGURE
> 7 : i entlemen: I have copies of your book, coupon today, the book will respond tomorrow.
bring to light its buried treasures. A town] | EDesrBseutinill= endlour howcs is completed, a7a ee ce wen Mantes en teanend ne
of 30,000 inhabitants lies over the site, to ; We have the most beautiful doors—none other than Finan SEE oe Ghigice _
begin with. Another obstacle lies in the fact “Morgan.’” We recommend them to every one, Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Md.
that owing to national pride, Italy does not they creed fine, Thanbey EVA M- LEVENS. ok *biinaediuce tie Leck"; a
= SS P ee yj F P. S. Our contractor got doors through Grace Harbor before you #2
wish the honor of uncovering Herculaneum imbedCon buy.

to go to any other nation. Still another
point which causes much discussion among
scientists, is the composition of the volcanic

ee iT. A.BRookseCo. cieve™0-
e » FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS.

This last problem needs to be solved in the
first place before coming to the two others.
Prof. G. di Lorenzo of the Naples Univer-
sity has been occupied with the question, and
his opinion has much weight,as he is a lead- ee
ing geological authority. The ground under
which the ancient ctiy is buried and carrying
the town of Retina forms a small valley
bordered by ranges of hills on several sides
and on the west by the sea. The hills or
rocks are of recent formation, being com-
posed of lava coming down from Vesuvius
in 1631 with such great speed that it reached
the sea in not more than an hour. The
present appearance of the valley is thus dif-
ferent from what it had been in ancient
times. Strabo and other ancient authors
state that Herculaneum was situated on a
promontory lying between two rivers and
was at sixty feet above the level of the sea.
At present, the city lies no less than sixty
feet below the present level of the new
town. Prof. di Lorenzo considers that the
only possible way will be to run under-
ground tunnels starting from the already-
opened area. But a scientific theory has
been opposed to this enterprise up to the
present, this being the hypothesis of two
kinds of lava. What was done at Pompeii
could not be carried out at Herculaneum
not only on account of the new town, but
also from the different structure of the lava
in the two cases. While Pompeii was cov-
ered by a cinder layer the other city was
buried under a layer of mud, and this be-

Hicks Trees

Hicks own nursery grown trees. No better can be grown by
anybody anywhere. They may cost a bit more than the usual

kind and they are worth it. You get fine, shapely, root-pruned
trees, full of vigor. Whether it’s a six or thirty-six foot tree the quality and

Saplings like these cost but little—and look

came so hard that it is now very difficult to just what they cost. How te serio siser is bse Were trees A all aces bul many of our customers bey ES
{ { ble to b ] t own above arger one because the years of waiting for them to grow upiscut out. Sen
Eat Os blast. However, several objections ar lal aint ie wes for our 1912 catalog and order your trees and shrubsfor April. Early orders

i i ffect. Then your small a ‘ ~ é
and get an immediate effec sits anes get the early shipments—that’s only reasonable. The catalog is full of illustra-
trees can be planted to advantage and mean tions, and planting helps for trees, shrubs and hardy flowers—it's a book we |
something. worth sending for.

Isaac Hicks & Son Westbury, Long Island

can be made to this old theory. As the city
lay on a promontory, it is natural that the
mud torrents flowed rather in the two river
beds at its sides. Besides, an abundant rain
would be necessary to make such mud tor-

The Most

Inexperienced

Amateur can have the satisfac-
tion of growing beautiful flowers
or fine vegetables, by following the
clear, concise directions, written by
experts, and gathered for their bene-

fit in the

Dreer Garden Book

It contains all the information needed by
anyone, for the successful growing of
everything in the garden. You may have
a glorious riot of colorful bloom in your
garden, or a delicious medley of luscious
vegetables in your truck patch—and you
may have this whether you are an ex-
perienced gardener or a hopeful beginner.
Whatever your favorite flower—no matter
which vegetables you love the best—some-
where in the 288 pages of this new, com-
prehensive guide for Nature Lovers
Easy Instructions for Secur-
ing the Best Results “'!!b<found,
and among
the 4 color pages, or the 6 duotone plates
you will surely get am inspiration for your
garden or truck patch. All the advanced
ideas —all the new and dependable creations
in plant or vegetable world—all the im-
proved strains in the flower kingdom—
are contained in this valuable work.
Sent free to anyone mentioning this
publication:

| Dreer’s Superb Asters. The finest

| strain, either for garden decoration or
cutting. Packetscontain enough seed +

| to produce more than one hundred
plants. Made up of eight beautiful

| colors, 10 cents per packet. Garden

| Book free with each order.

HENRY A. DREER
714 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Pa.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Worid’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products
; SPRING PLANTING

We invite everybody interested in improving their Grounds and
Gardens to visit our Nursery to see our Products growing. This is
the most satisfactory way to purchase. We shall gladly give our
time, attention and any information desired. Our Nursery consists
of 300 acres of highly cultivated land and 500,000 square feet of
Greenhouses and Storehouses in which we are growing Nursery and
Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose, the best that ex-
perience, good cultivation and our excellent facilities can produce,
placing us in a position to fill orders of any size.

i Rose Plants.—We grow several Hedge Plants adapted for all
i hundred thousand that will parts of the country.

H bloom this year. Order now Evergreens, Conifers and Pines.
from our _ Illustrated _ General —More than 75 acres of our Nur-
Catalogue for Spring Delivery. sery are planted with handsome

E Rhododendrons.—M any _ thou- specimens. Our plants are worth

sands of acclimated plants in traveling any distance to see.

f Hardy English and American Boxwood ana Bay Trees.—We

f varieties are growing in our have thousands of these in many

H Nursery. shapes and sizes.

Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants.— Palms, Decorative Plants for

1 We grow thousands of rare, new Conservatories.—Interior and ex-
and old-fashioned kinds. Special terior decorations. Our green-
4 prices on quantities. houses are full of them.

| .Peciduous Trees and Flowering vines We grow them fon eters
| Shrubs.—Many acres of our Nur- place and purpose. Ask for
i Te are ented ee several special list : x

H hundre ousan rnamental : en ihe | 3 “

f Shade Trees and Flowering oe re 8 Bete CRON ny Grane

Shrubs. It is worth while to ie ers SEE eee Cu navad

visit us and inspect them. Bulbs and Roots. — Spring,

_ Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Summer and Autumn Flowering.
i Fruit Trees and Small Fruits.— Lawn Grass Seed.—Our Ruth-
| We grow these for all kinds of erford Park Lawn Mixture has
f Fruit Gardens and Orchards. given satisfaction everywhere.
i Hedge Plants.—We grow hun- Plant Tubs, Window Boxes and
7 dreds of thousands of California Garden Furniture.—We manufac-
Privet, Berberis and other ture all shapes and sizes.

¢ Our New Giant Flowering Marshmallow.—Everybody should be
interested in this Hardy New Old-Fashioned Flower. It will grow
y everywhere, and when in bloom is the Queen of Flowers in the

garden. Blooms from -the earl t 4 i
Bea reciber y part of July until the latter part of

z Our Illustrated General Catalogue No. 75 describes our Products;
is comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending
| purchaser. Will be mailed free upon request.

i We Plant Grounds and Gardens everywhere with our World’s
: Choicest Nursery Products grown in our World’s Greatest Nursery.

i We have a number of Superintendents and Gardeners registered
i Open for appointment. Names will be given upon application.

_ Visitors take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main
| Line, 3 minutes walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters RUTHERFORD, N. J.

vi AMERICAN HOMES "AND =GARDEDS April, 1912

These books free

toowners of homes

You want the best plants, trees and shrubs—the
best kind and the best specimens. The imate an

soil of western North Carolina are such that on the
various elevations may be grown almost every hardy

ei — plant or Sate eae Nuveery those advantages

PFLOWERIN J ae | are so utilize y skill and care as to produce a

: RING TREES AND strain of plants of extraordinary vigor. Toaid planters

| SHRuas in making selections, Biltmore Nursery has published ~

f. Sie four books—one of which will be sent free to any

j : home-owner who expects to purchase trees or plants. :

“Hardy Garden Flowers”

The illustrations suggest many pleasing and
varied forms of hardy garden planting—from the
simple dooryard effect to the elaborate attainment.

e descriptions are full and complete, yet free
from technical terms.

j ‘6 .
Bmore Nunstey: Flowering Trees and Shrubs”
WOMORE NORTH C4no) twa _ Many of the best of the trees and shrubs produc-
ae ing showy blossoms are shown, from photographs,
as grown in typical gardens, lawns and yards. The
pictures and the text give numerous useful ideas for
plantinghome grounds large and small, toadvantage.

“The Iris Catalog”

Unique in that it is, so far as we know, the only
book of its kind devoted entirely to Irises. 16 large
pages. handsomely illustrated hroughout; seven
pictures in the natural colors of the lowers. Accurate
classifications and variety descriptions,

cp:
Biltmore Nursery Catalog ”

A guide to the cultivated plants of North America.
Over two years in the making, and cost more than
$1 acopy to complete. Contains 196 large pages
and describes more than 300 perennials, 500 fower-
ing shrubs, and distinct evergreens, 300 deciduous
trees, and 200 odd vines and plants. Freely
illustrated.

Ask for the Book You Need

If you have a garden of perennials, or want one,
repuest “Hardy Garden Flowers’ or “The Iris
Catalog. ould you prefer the more showy
things, tell us to send “Flowering Trees and Shrubs.””
In case you have a larger place and can plant ex-
tensively of many varieties, we shall be glad to send
the ‘Biltmore Nursery Catalog.’ Edition of each
limited—write to-day for the one you can use to best

BILTMORE NURSERY
Box 1244 Biltmore, N. C.

CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE

By RALPH C. DAVISON

HIS book describes in detail in a
most practical manner the var-
ious methods of casting concrete
for ornamental and useful pur-
poses and covers the entire field

of ornamental concrete work. It tells
how to make all kinds of concrete vases,
ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes-
tals, concrete benches, concrete fences,
ete. Full practical instructions are given
for constructing and finishing the differ- é
ent kinds of molds, making the wire
forms or frames, selecting and mixing
the ingredients, covering the wire frames
and modeling the cement mortar into
form, and casting and finishing the
various objects. With the information
given in this book any handyman or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement
for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material,
and has explained each progressive step in the various operations
throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented
with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that
no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman
who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt-
ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process
throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which
is necessary with the former material. The information on color
work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as
there is little known on the subject and there is a large growing de-
mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters
which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work.

I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of Aggregates.
Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower
eling the Cement Mortar into Form. Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with
III. Plaster Molds for Simple Forms. Colored Tile.
IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having . Concrete Pedestals.
Curved Outlines. . Concrete Benches.

V. Combination of Casting and Model- Concrete Fences. ¢
ing—An Egyptian Vase. Miscellaneous, including , Tools,
VI. Glue Molds. : Water proofing and Reinforcing.
VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used
for Producing Designs with same.

16 mo. 514x7¥ inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid

This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a-
bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited
possibilities of ornamentation in concrete.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers

361 BROADWAY NEW YORK |

April, 1912

Wer, es, 7)

Madam, you can
have draperies that
neither sunshine
nor washing will
fade.

Use only Orinoka-Sunfast
Fabrics for your draperies
and they will never again
change color through ex-
posure to the sunlight or
through washing. Your
assurance of this is the un-
qualified guarantee which
covers every picce of

ORINOKA
SUNFAST

for Draperies and Coverings
With these draperies, you
need not deny your home
the sunshine which is so
essential to comfort and

health.
Oninoka-Sunfast Fabrics are
the only drapery fabrics which
can be guaranteed absolutely
sun-and-water fast in all colors
and shades—rendered so by an
exclusive dyeing process.
Made in all weaves for curtains,
hangings and furniture coverings,
in the widest range of colorings
and designs. Shown by leading
stores everywhere. Identify them
by the guarantee tag on every
bolt. Ask your dealer for our
book, ‘‘Draping the Home,”
handsomely illustrated in colors
and containing many valuable
suggestions for artistic drapery
effects.

The Orinoka Mills

PHILADELPHIA

NEW YORK CHICAGO
SAN FRANCISCO

No other Furniture

in the World is Equal
to Crex.

Leading Dealers Everywhere.
New Booklet No 237, upon request.

PRAIRIE GRASS FURNITURE CO.

Sole Manufacturers

Glendale, Long Island, New York

rents flow, and none of the ancient writers
mention any rains which were produced at
the beginning of the eruption. On the con-
trary, what makes it probable that both
Pompeii and Herculaneum were covered
by the same kind of deposit is the letter ad-
dressed by the younger Pliny to Tacitus,
stating that his uncle, the elder Pliny, after
observing the gigantic smoke column in the
shape of a pine tree at the beginning of the
eruption and hearing of the critical situation
of the sailors in the port of Retina, this
being the port of Herculaneum (the new
town lies back of this site), fitted out a
number of vessels and proceeded to this
port. But he could not land on account of
the ash and other volcanic matter of all
kinds, which were highly heated and fell
thickly upon the sea, even then raising the
sea bottom, so that he was obliged to land
at another point. Pliny mentions numerous
kinds of dry matters, but makes no allusion
to a rain which would be needed to make a
flow of mud. A geological examination of
the ground of Herculaneum shows besides
that it is made up of a thick layer of vol-
canic ash of the nature of pumice stone and
is quite the same as the deposit of Pompeii
in its composition. Only the higher region
of Herculaneum shows layers of mud de-
posit due to alluvium which was afterwards
formed by rainfall, and this gives a soil of
another structure. Another objection given
by the old theory seemed to be conclusive,
that is the difference in the patina of the
bronzes coming from the two cities, but
Prof. di Lorenzo gives the following expla-
nation: The patina of the bronzes found in
the Eighteenth Century is lacking from the
fact that the objects were cleaned and var-
nished. Recent bronzes have their patina,
which is green at Herculaneum and blue at
Pompeii. The deposits at this latter site
were less dense, and the waters passed
through freely, giving a deposit of blue car-
bonate of copper on the bronzes. The con-
trary is true for the other site, and the water
filtered through much more slowly, so that
it gave rise to a green carbonate. To con-
clude, if it is proved that the material which
covers the two sites is of the same composi-
tion and this idea becomes general, there
will not be the same obstacle towards mak-
ing the excavations and these can be carried
on underneath the town of Retina without
any special difficulty.

LIME IN THE HOME GARDEN

[ANY kitchen gardens would be im-
proved by the addition of lime, al-
though the amateur seldom thinks of using
it. Repeated experiments have shown the
value of lime, not only to sweeten the
ground, but to release certain elements of
plant food in the soil, particularly potash.
It tends to loosen clay soils and to stiffen
sandy ones.

The most common use of lime, though,
is to correct the acidity of sour soils, and
is often necessary for best results when
green crops are repeatedly plowed under.
A large amount is not needed, as a rule.
Probably two hundred pounds will prove
enough for a garden of average size. It
may be applied with a drill or broadcasted
and harrowed in and may be used at almost
any season when convenient, although it is
customary to apply it in the Fall.

There is a very simple method of ascer-
taining whether the soil is sour and con-
sequently in need of lime. All drug stores
sell blue litmus paper and a few cents’
worth will be enough to make a test. The
paper is cut into strips and pressed into the
soil when the last named is moist. If the
land is sour, the paper will turn from blue
to red in a few minutes.

AVIERIGAN ~HOMES AND GARDENS vii

GET LEO EEL IL ES, LL LOL,

There’s but one
best in anything—

\
«
AYERS” Ayers

In Carpet
Sweepers it’s

BISSELL’S
“Cyco” BALL BEARING

Runs so easily you wonder if it is sweeping.
irty-six years’ experience in the exclusive manufac-
ture of carpet sweepers developed this wonderful ma-
chine, and the astonishing part of it is that the ““ BALL
BEARING” costs the consumer but 25 cents more than
the old-style sweeper.

For light running. durability and thorough sweeping, our BALL
BEARING Sweeper has no equal, aud you will never know how
easy it is to sweep your carpets and rugs until you have purchased
one of these machines

Even though you have an expensive cleaning apparatus in your
home, you cannot dispense with the BISSELL Sweeper, as it is the
daily and hourly necessity in every household. Always ready, no
burden to transfer from one room to another, cleans without dustor ¢
effort, will last ten to twenty years, and costs but $2.75 to §5.75.
Then consider the saving of time, labor and health.

,, For sale by all the best trade.

* Addiess Dept. 125 for free booklet. 23)
Bissell Carpet Sweeper Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.

(Largest Exclusive Carpet Sweeper Makers in the World

\\Make Your Own Gas

The Detroit Combination Gas Machine
provides the Home with a Satisfactory
Gas Supply.
Gas to Light with. Gas to Cook with.
Gas to Heat Water for the bath,
laundry and other uses common to
city coal gas, at no greater cost.
On the market over forty years. More than
15,000 in daily use. Our catalog will in-
terest you. Write to to-day for copy, and
names of users in your vicinity.

Detroit Heating & Lighting Co.
480 Wight Street, Detroit. Mich.

= Ws

OTHING can
lend more
charm to the gar-
den than an at-
tractive

SUN
DIAL

We can show you an
assortment Of many
beautiful designs from

which to

select or

submit de- .

signs car-

rying out

original

ideas. Write

for our illustrated

booklet “SUN DIALS for the GARDEN”

INCORPORATEO

108 East 23rd Street, New York
Branches: Brooklyn, St. Paul, Minneapolis, London, Paris

Vili AMERICAN. HOMES AND GARDENS April, rg12

GRAPES FOR A SMALL COUNTRY
TT HOME

By E. P. POWELL

Ha are FTER the apple, which needs too
a zs] / much room for our smaller home-
steads, there is no fruit that is so in-
Se dispensable as the grape. You can grow
ns N Vii \ nothing else in such quantities in a small
ff My, iat space, nor is there anything else more

{\
{
mn wholesome and food-full. It is our veg-
etable beefsteak. I have over one hun-
D With th dred varieties, and am interested in every
A Ww new candidate. I think that twenty of these

Oo ay 1 e | | could be selected as indispensable for a
large country home. I will divide this list

Tower | in two, and offer ten, such as I believe will

be easily cultivated and find room on a

Get all the conveniences and comforts of small homestead of five acres. Supposing
water without that high and perhaps danger- that we are located as far north as Massa-
ous tower. Have more space to beautify chusetts or Central New York or Northern

THE KITCHEN your grounds. Put the water supply system Ohio, the list must be tolerably hardy. In
out of sight. Install a fact, I will not offer you a single grape

i} | that needs to be covered during the Win-
ter, although it compels me to leave out

tome fae :
@ DOUGLAS @ | | the one kind that I place ahead of all
PNEUTANK SYSTEM others, the Iona. Its best rival, the Jef-
ferson, must also be left for those who
: vas garden south of the New York line. Of
as ote you pert gig ates eee black grapes, I place unhesitatingly at the
oye Oo Rees e al d paar tes Cc = be front these three: Moore’s Early, Worden,
So ee ee ae : a and Herbert. Moore’s Early gives enor-
— é located in a Fie a pea house. Is always mous crops, after the vine is well grown,
SSE SSE aa - enna eet a) ey uipers hem perfectly in ie northern lati-
LE en cats ne Douglas ystem consists 0 | tudes as far as Canada, and gives us a most
f an ae et Be ene oe gasoline or electric delicious berry in large bunches. In some
Bee ee et sections Campbell’s Early is the mate or
rival; with me Moore’s is best. Worden

Oe | OK a'e,
pears
LLY

We guarantee this system for absolute reliability
and thorough durability. Any part found defective

within five years of installation will be replaced by is a superb grape of the Concord family,

us free of charge. only immensely better, while the vine is
The particular stvle shown here is a direct-connected gasoline outfit. : vigorous, productive and hardy. Herbert

It delivers 600 ,alions of water an hour, and will run all day lene ona 1S hardy, but fails at one point ; it does not

rasoli an run a atically if electric s a . .

gallon of gasoline. Can run automatically if electric current 1s pe pollenize itself, Arnal meee fs he grown
Expert engineers, skilled workmen, and high grade materials make M A : ¥

the design and construction the standard of excellence. near Ivioores or some other grape that can

a = furnish pollen.

If you have a water supply problem, write us. Our

IN —— nih engineering department is at all times ready to give I would select as my three indispensable
you personal expert advice. red grapes for the north: Brighton, Lind-
Ask for a catalog and full information. ley and Gaertner, or where good care is

given, take Delaware. Below the New
W & B DOUGLAS York line we have Jefferson and Catawba.
: . This last is the great vineyard grape of
180 William Street northern Ohio. The Brighton has large

; F bunches of exceedingly rich berries, ripen-
Middletown Connecticut ing very early, but not keeping for any
length of time. It is delicious for about
one month. Lindley is a rampant grower
and gives superb fruit, only here again
there is a lack of self-pollenization. Grow
it near Moore’s Early. Gaertner is a de-
licious grape, one of the best ever pro-
duced. If you will grow these two last-
named grapes over your buildings, always
in company with a good pollenizer, and let
them hang on until heavy frost, you will
find out what a grape can be.

Of white grapes I should select as requi-
site to comfort and pleasure: Lady, Hayes
and Niagara. This leaves out two or three
close competitors, like Diamond and Cole-
rain. McKinley I have not tested, but it is
said to be a stronger grower than Niagara,
and of remarkable quality. The Lady
grape also needs pollenizing in order to get
full crops, but it surely is a wonderful
fruit. Eldorado is a good deal like it in
color and quality. The Hayes grape is a
very successful fruiter, and the quality is
closely second to Lady. Niagara is pretty
well known by everybody, and deserves
everthing that can be said in its favor—
only be sure that you get it dead ripe be-
fore you undertake to eat it. It produces
immense crops on thoroughly hardy vines.
Diamond is one of the close competitors,
and is popular and successful as far south
at Middle Florida, as also are Niagara and
Moore’s Early. Pocklington is another

Big 2 Tee DAN sired
Modern Sleeping Porch fitted with Wilson’s Blinds

= Practically makes an Outdoor room of the ordi-
Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains nary porch; aroom at night, a porch by day.

“Thong of Houses WILSON’S VENETIANS
have Pecnttained with for outside and inside of town and country

re houses; very durable, convenient and artistic.
Cabot’s Shin g le Stains Special Outside Venetians
during over thirty years all over the world. The owners didn’t

most practical and useful form of
Venetian yet devised for porches
decide haphazard. They investigated, calculated—and found and windows; excludes the sun;
that these stains were infinitely more beautiful in colorings than admits the breeze,
paint, and that they cost less than half as much to buy and to
apply. Also that they penetrated and thoroughly preserved the

Write for Venetian Catalogue
Vo. 5
wood, being made with Creosote, “‘the best wood preservative Orders should be placed now for
known.” Investigation will cost you a postage stamp.

Summer Delivery.

Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co.
5 West 29th Street New York

Also Inside Venetians, Rolling
Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters,
Burglar and Fireproof Steel Cur-
tains, Wood Block Floors.

Send for stained wood samples and name of nearest
dealer. Cabot's Stains are sold all over the country.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists
131 Milk Street Boston, Mass.

April, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

white that is absolutely hardy, giving ex-
cellent crops; but the grape needs long
seasons to thoroughly ripen it.

Now, what will you do with your grapes?
Certainly you need not plant a vineyard
unless you have room for it; but you can
grow tons of grapes all over your house,
all over your barns, climbing some of your
line trees, covering rockeries, shading ar-
bors, and in your small garden a few vines
can be tied to posts. I never yet saw a
home that had not room for a grape vine.
Growing on a house it does not create
dampness, but will prevent dampness; only,
do not nail the vine to the boards, but tie it
to wires that are stapled across the side of
the house. Do the same with your barn.
A small family can almost live on grapes,
with eggs and milk. At any rate, whatever
else you leave out in your country home-
making, do not leave out a full supply
of grapes.

Both the setting and the trimming of
grapes are simple affairs, not demanding
anything like the fussing that is advised at
times. Any of the grapes I have named
will grow perfectly in good garden. soil.
You can plant old bones and old leather
and all the rest of such stuff around the
roots and also without doing any good.
Keep the ground well stirred, and if you
mulch continuously, I do not know a bet-
ter material than ashes—anthracite coal
ashes with a mixture of common wood
ashes. The trimming of grapes requires
sharp cutting back, to one bud the first
year ; to two or three buds the second year,
and after that you may train your limbs to
trellises, or let them go hand over hand
up the trees. In fhe Fall it will be quite
enough for you to cut: back the arms to
about one or two feet, and let the canes
fall to the ground. In the Spring tie them
up again. Of course, your grapes that
climb trees must take their own sweet will,
and as a consequence will give you less
periect bunches, but plenty of them. The
old Concord, which I have not included
in my list, is still the big grape for utterly
careless people. It will grow anywhere
and everywhere, and it will give a lot of
grapes. These will not get really sweet in
a short season, not north of New York.
If I were sure of a very long season I
would put in Jefferson, Concord, and one
or two more.

RHE, CARE OF THE: APPLE TREE
By M. ROBERTS CONOVER

HE suburbanite who has recently. pur-

chased a country home often finds upon
his property some apple trees of bearing
age. The average man looks upon these
with pride, delighting in their sturdy limbs
and spreading branches and dreaming of the
ultimate harvest. Then he turns his atten-
tion to his peach and plum trees, diligently
pruning and spraying to perfect their fruit
It is a mistake to neglect the apple tree, for
although it may not succumb as easily as
shorter-lived trees, it is vulnerable.

Apple trees will exist as shades trees on
sod ground and yield some apples, but the
man who grows treés for fruit cultivates
them. This cultivation should be as regu-
lar as that required to raise a crop of vege-
tables.
may draw the essential elements from the
soil and cultivation conserves this moisture
in the soil.

The fruit of the apple tree is borne upon
small spurs from the main branch and these
spurs are grown during the previous sea-
son. The fruit buds from which spring the
blossoms are perfected for this function
during the latter part of the previous season.
Thus a crop depends upon favorable condi-

The apple requires moisture that it

KNOCKER is the most prominent feature of a door, focusing the attention of

everyone who approaches. Sargent Door Knockers include designs appropriate

for every type of door on which a knocker can be suitably used. They are carefully
made of finest metals and form a handsome adornment.

Sargent Hardware combines beauty-and artistic quality with the utmost in practical

service.

Its use throughout a building is a guarantee of quality that adds to the selling
value and an insurance against repair cost.

Sargent Degigns include several examples of each period and school of architecture

to harmonize with any style of building.

Write for the illustrated Sargent Book of Designs—mailed free—and ask
your architect to confer with you in the selection of harmonious hardware.
Our Colonial Book, illustrating patterns of this period, will be sent on request.

SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard Street, New York

f\ ft :

CALOWAY

}

GARDEN TERRA @ITA
HE GALLOWAY Gollec-
tion has been greatly in-
creased for the season of 1912
Send for New pauee show-
ing new designs executed 27
strong durab e Terra-Cotta

GALLOWAY TERRA GOlTA CO

3222 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA.

@clonefencefiom(oast "(ast

CYCLONE ORNAMENTAL LAWN
FENCES AND FARM GATES

They are the badge of prosperity. Found around the homes of the
farmers who are successful, who really do things—from the man
on a ten acre truck farm to the rancher with ten thousand acres.

There are in use many times more Cyclone Fences and Gates
than other make _, and no other brand gives such universal satis- —
faction. Merit is the reason.

We are Fence and Gate Specialists, devoting thebiggest, best |B
equipped fence factory in the country to this work alone. We
build strength and durability into our fences and gates.

_CYCLONE FENCES are easily put up, on wooden or iron
posts, and are self-adjusting to uneven ground. The fabric is
7 made of big, strong, heavily galvanized wires.

CYCLONE FARM GATES are light, strong, indestructible.
Frames are high-carbontubular steel, with brazed seams.

Read our Fence and Gate books. The books are free—write
fer them today. CYCLONE FENCE Co.,

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1912

@—4 (bldwell fawn Mower(b=2,

‘LARGEST

THESE MACHINES ARE USED ON MANY OFTHE LEADING
GOLF COURSES zo PUBLIC PARKS THROUGHOUT THE
UNITED STATES. THEY IMPROVE 20 BEAUTIFY THE
» LAWN AS NO OTHER MACHINE CAN azo AT MUCH LESS COST.

Jend for Catalogue

Ss
Lane Double Hangers

“ND

Lane “D” Hanger Lane “B” Hanger

When you do build, build right. Do not cut away the timbers or depend on
flimsy spiking. 20,000 Hangers in 100 stock sizes adapted to all conditions are in
stock ready for immediate shipment. Send for a handsome model done in
aluminum—consult your architect—then permit us to estimate on your requirements.

LANE BROS. CO., 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

tions of growth during both years. Apple
trees usually bear abundantly every other
year, perfecting fewer buds during the sea-
son of heavy fruiting, and many fruit buds
during the season of scanty yield. It is ad-
visable to do the severest pruning after a
heavy yield, either in early Winter or early
Spring, when the sap is not flowing or the
wood is frozen. Give to the soil a heavy
application of such material as will aid in
the growth of the tree during the off year.
Well-rotted manure and decaying nitro-
genous plants such as clover, furnish the
necessary elements.
FERTILIZING

Quick-acting fertilizers which affect the
growth of blossom and fruit directly should
be applied in the Spring of the fruiting
year.

Manure should be spread under the
trees over all the shaded portion of the
ground before the ground is ploughed in
the early Spring. Nitrogenous plant food
from clover is made available to the trees
by its growth and subsequent decay. Dur-
ing the season that the apple trees are in
heaviest bearing the clover should be broad-
casted beneath the trees, usually about the
middle of July or the first of August.
From one-half to a pound of seed per tree
should be used. On small areas it may be
raked in with a steel garden rake, or a har-
row may be used. The-kinds of clover usu-
ally sown for this purpose are the ordinary
red clover (Trifolium Pratense )—fifteen
pounds to the acre—and scarlet clover (Tvi-
folium Incarnatum)—twenty pounds to the
acre. The former is perennial; the second
comes to maturity in May or June following
its planting and dies, but the fertilizing
function is the same with each variety, as
they store nitrogen in the nodules of their
roots. These clovers may be ploughed un-
der in the Spring or chopped into the ground
with a cutaway harrow later in the sea-
son, leaving a quantity of rich plant food
in the ground.

In the Spring of the year of abundant
yield the following fertilizing elements
should be applied beneath the trees, using
twenty pounds to a tree: Two parts of ni-
trogen, nine parts of acid phosphate and
twelve parts of potash. The soil is then
cultivated until fruition.

PRUNING

Pruning is a vital consideration. In the
case of young trees it consists of thinning
out conflicting branches in such a way that
a reasonable amount of sunlight has access
to the branches. This must be done every
year.

The trunks of the trees must not re-
ceive any injury, as the trunk is the connec-
tion between the root system and the as-
similative or leaf system of the tree. With
the apple, as with other exogenous trees, the
vital part of the trunk is the outer part
beneath the bark. Between the hardened
older wood and this bark the cambium layer
of cellular tissue is, during the growing sea-
son, forming new bark and new wood and
conveying sap from the roots to the leaves.
The wood already formed in the heart of
the tree makes no new formation and con-
veys no sap, but this heart-wood is impor-
tant in that it sustains the weight of boughs
and branches. Many old apple trees with
rotten heart-wood support healthy branches,
even bearing fruit, because nurtured by the
sap-wood. A tree in this condition has not
long to live, however, as the mouldering
portions corrupt the healthy wood. The de-
cay of the heart-wood is generally due to the
admission of water through channels made
by insects, or by cracks in the boughs near
the trunk—a common occurrence with trees
having heavy horizontal limbs.

April, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS <i

An apple tree usually has spreading
branches, due to its nature and to pruning.
which thins out cross branches and induces
growth toward the outer sides of the tree.
All branches undisturbed by accident main-
tain the same general direction and the same
height from the ground established during
their early growth. A horizontal limb five
feet from the ground when the tree is five
years old will still be a horizontal limb five
feet from the ground when the tree is fifty
year old, only so much longer and heavier
that its weight may menace the trunk. With
a view, then, to the longevity of the tree it
is better to avoid downward or horizontal
branches beyond a reasonable length and to
retain those that tend upward at an angle of
forty-five degrees.

The lives of old trees yet sound may be
prolonged by lopping off all horizontal
boughs to a length not exceeding one-third
of the height of the trunk between the
ground and the heavy bough.

New growth is induced on these old trees
by cutting back all boughs in the middle of
the tree to one foot from the trunk. As the
new growth puts forth it must be thinned
out. All pruned parts must be painted over
the surface of the raw wood, else it will
crack and admit water.

NEGLECTED TREES

Old neglected apple trees have rough
bark which is scaly and loose. If you re-
move a bit of this you will see beneath it
another bark, smooth and brown, similar
to that of young trees. This is the true
bark. The other is dead and useless, hav-
ing served its purpose. It sheds off from
time to time, but enough remains to har-
bor injurious insects. In early Spring, be-
fore the under bark is tender from the ris-
ing sap and after severe freezings are
passed, this bark is removed by drawing a
hoe up and down the trunk and lower parts
of the boughs, using care not to injure the
bark beneath. Such spraying as is necessary
to kill the San Jose and other pests should
immediately follow this scraping. At this
time of year a solution of lime, sulphur and
salt, known as the California wash, is safer
than petroleum. It can be bought from
seedsmen or dealers in horticultural appa-
ratus in an undiluted state.

INSECT AND Funcous PESTS

The enemies of the apple are of two
classes, insect pests and fungous diseases.
Treatment generally consists of applying
liquid poisons in a fine mist with a spraying
apparatus. It is effectual as a preventive
rather than as an immediate cure for af-
fected trees.

Bordeaux is the proper treatment for
fungus which spot the leaves and fruit. Ar-
senic or Paris green are the necessary in-
gredients for spraying for eating insects,
and kerosene, sulphur or lime for lice or
sucking insects.

Scalecides should be applied to the limbs
and branches before the buds swell.

A fungicide that is also an insecticide is
the most practicable for application after
the foliage and fruit are established.

Bordeaux mixture with Paris green may
be prepared as follows: Two and
one-half pounds of copper sulphate dis-
solved in water; two and one-half pounds
of fresh stone lime slaked in water, using
about twenty-five gallons of water in all.
The two liquids are run together and one-
sixth of a pound of Paris green previously
dissolved in water is stirred into the mix-
ture.

These poisons must be handled with great
care. The hands should be proteced by
gloves, and a pair of goggles over the eyes
is a wise precaution when applying the

spray.

were

SS
si | 4 Oe

To have

and
to Keep
Your
Floors
Beautiful

FLOOR FINISH

Look for this Trade-mark on a Yellow Label.
All others are imitations.

durable, waterproof finish.

floors beautiful.

‘STANDARD WARNISH \GORKS-

29 Broadway, New York, 2620 Armour Avenue,
Chicago, IIl., 301 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal.,
or International Varnish Co., Ltd.,
Toronto, Canada.

OUR floors may be ~
of the finest woods, “
or of the most in- <~ XN

expensive. “They may be \ :

old or new, painted or un- x »,
painted, stained or unstained

—or you may prefer to cover \

them with oil cloth or linoleum \

—yet ELASTICA, the one

perfect floor varnish, will preserve them all with an elastic, bright,
ELASTICA is easily applied and dries
hard over night; in the morning you’ll have a beautiful, lustrous
floor which is marproof, waterproof and “‘boy-proof.’’

\
Remember the Name E-L-A-S-T-I-C-A. There is only one ELASTICA, |
and that is made by the Standard Varnish Works. |

Send for Book 94

“How to Finish Floors” —Home Edition.
illustrated, rich in suggestions for making and keeping

Also ask for a set of exquisitely y
colored postcards showing handsome interiors, which £
will be sent with our compliments.

Profusely /

Address

§ HOME REFRIGERATION.

refrigerator.

ware—every corner rounded like above cut.

The “MO

bills, food waste and repairs.

The Home of Wholesome Food

A Snow-White Solid Porcelain Compartment
It does away with cracks, joints, crevices, corners and
other natural hiding places for dirt, odors, decaying food
and dangerous microbes found in other refrigerators.
SEND FOR OUR VALUABLE FREE BOOK ON
It tells you how to keep
your food sweet and wholesome—how to cut down ice
bills—what to seek and what to avoid in buying any
Every housewife and home owner should have one.

It also describes the wonderful advantages of the ‘“‘_MONROE.” The one refrigerator
with each food compartment made of a solid piece of unbreakable snow-white porcelain
i he one refrigerator accepted in the best
omes and leading hospitals because it can be made germlessly clean by simply wiping

out with a damp cloth. The one refrigerator that will pay for itself in a saving on ice
NROE”’ is sold at factory prices on 30 days’ trial.

Ghe“Monroe’

The Lifetime Refrigerator

We pay the freight and guarantee “full satisfaction or money back.” LIBERAL CREDIT "
TERMS IF DESIRED. MONROE REFRIGERATOR COMPANY, Station 29, Lockland, O. = Sold Direct
0 $099 O 99829 Bor BoB 292 O49 04 O11 O09 O12 O09 e202 O21 B12 O e+ Ore errr Ber Os 20 Ore Qos Gero Ore Wer er Wer Wer Wee Wer Oe Ser eres Orr Oe Ber GeO OOOO OPO Ger SOOO GF:

DAHLIAS that will grow and bloom

From the most exclusive collection in America

only the best find place in our lists.

See Ber Bee Gre Gee See Bee ee See Be Gee Ger

BASSETT & WELLER

ODO Orr Dor Bor Wor Orr Orr OO Ber Orr OOOO OOOO OOOO Orr Or Or Or Or Or OO Orns Orr Ore Ger @reGorGer Gor Gre Gre GrrG ener Ger Gor Ger Gee SerGorGorG ee harGerOer

A new Dahlia must have decided merit— some quality above others in its class—to be honored
with space in our catalog. The varieties listed have been thoroughly tested by comparison, and

To get acquainted with you, we will send by express (charges to be paid by purchaser) 10
large undivided field clumps for $1.00, with directions for dividing and planting.
are equal to two or three of the small divided roots that are usually sent by mail.

These clumps
Catalog free.

Hammonton, N. J.

bP ee ey et Pt Tey ty fet thy tht thy thy fy it tnt fet ie ih tht oe

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SHRP STAMATUAETNERR SSNS

HAA

A lock is as strong as its bolt—but its security is entirely de-
pendent upon how well its mechanism is protected against attack
through the keyhole.

If any one of a dozen keys will open your lock, of what use
is its strong bolt?

If the merest tyro and sneak thief can pick your lock in two
minutes, of what use is your lock?

These are the reasons
why all the ingenuity of
lockmaking has led, not in
the direction of stronger
locks, but in the search for
a mechanism which would
absolutely prevent the lock
from being opened by any
means save its own key.

Warded Locks

The simplest form of
protecting the lock mechan-
ism is found in the warded
lock. Projections in the key-
hole prevent the entrance of
any key not having corres-
grooves in the key.

Keyways of Warded Locks

Further projections inside
the lock prevent the key
from turning, unless it fits
exactly, but the number of
variations practical in the
shape of the key is so small
that generally one out of
every four is a duplicate.

The warded lock key of
your next door neighbor is
quite likely to fit one of
your locks.

Lever Tumbler Locks

Then comes the lever-
tumbler lock in which a
greater number of _ key

made.

Interior of a Lever Tumbler Lock

changes and much greater ll
security is obtained by using

a number of flat tumblers. This type of lock is largely used for
inside doors in residences, for which purpose it is well adapted. It
offers satisfactory security against picking or accidental inter-
change of keys.

Cylinder Locks

The first lock to offer an ab-
solute key control and a perfectly
protected mechanism was the
Yale Cylinder Lock, now known
as the symbol of lock security
throughout the civilized world.

Each Yale Cylinder Lock re-
quires a different key. No other
can possibly open it, and no record exists where a sneak thief has
succeeded in picking a Yale Cylinder Lock.

For the interior of your house, it does not matter much
whether the key to the dining room will also unlock the nursery
door. For that reason interior doors in most houses are fitted
with a good grade of lever-tumbler lock. Care should be exer-
cised, however, not to choose too cheap a lock, as it will quickly
become useless and have to be replaced.

In case it is desired to have additional security, it is always
very easy to add a Yale Cylinder Night Latch to a door. This

ACA

A Yale Cylinder cut open to show how the
key when inserted sets the pins so the bolt
may be thrown

AAA

pee hha their Uses

ccc

Locks and
Hardware are
so well known
because they
are so well

Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

9 Murray St.,

is a form of Yale Cylinder Lock in which
the bolt is autcmatically shot, thus pos-
sessing the advantage of not requiring the
insertion of the key in order to lock it.

The Yale Cylinder Night Latch, in ~
a wide variety of forms, is also frequent-
ly added. to outside doors, kitchen doors, cellar doors or any door

where access to the house
c might be made. The Yale
Cylinder is also incorporated
into even the most elabor-
ate designs for door sets,
such as are used on outside
entrance doors.:

There are Yale Cylinder
Locks for sideboard drawers
and cupboards, pantries,
closets, bureaus and desks,
for trunks and boxes. You
will always find a Yale Cyl-
inder Lock for your pur-
pose.

A Yale Cylinder Night Latch

Padlocks

The mechanism of the
Yale Cylinder Lock is also
found in padlock form, and
many of the best automobiles
are today completely equip-
ped with Yale Cylinder Locks
before they leave the works.

Another great advantage
offered by the Yale Cylin-
der Lock is found in the
master key. You may have
any number of Yale Cylin-
der Locks, for each of which
a different key is required by
your servants, or employees,
and yet you may carry one key
which will open every lock.

The highest type of lock
security is found in the Yale

Bicentric Lock. It contains
two separate pin-tumbler
mechanisms—one for the

individual key and one for
the master key.

This is perhaps the most
wonderful of all the forms of
the Yale Cylinder Lock, as it
not only offers perfect se-
curity, but it also fixes the
responsibility. for the con- .
tents of any room or build-
ing or box upon the man
who carries the key.

No other key will open that particular lock, and yet the
owner of the master key may make an inspection at any moment
without any warning.

This also does away with the necessity for carrying a huge
bunch of keys, a service which is greatly appreciated by every man.

It must be remembered that lock security is exactly what the
words indicate. “The ordinary door may be battered in or broken
from its hinges, but this is not the method pursued by sneak
thieves and burglars. ‘The success-of their operation depends
entirely upon stealth and the absence of noise, which is sure to
lead to their discovery.

This is all the more reason why it is ‘essential to vise your
outer doors protected by Yale Cylinder Locks. ‘They cannot
possibly be picked or false-keyed by a sneak thief. He is apt to
give up the job in disgust the moment he sees the name
“Yale” on the key plate of your door. That little word is in
itself almost an insurance against theft. The thief knows only
too well that the one way to get by a Yale Cylinder Lock is to
break down the door, and to this he never resorts.

Most helpful in the selection of locks and hardware of all
kinds will be our little book entitled ““Yale Hardware for Your
Home.” We shall be glad to send you a copy free if you will ,
send us your name.

New York

LMM

April, 1912

FRANCIS DURANDO NICHOLS

HE many readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS

will regret to learn of the death of the former editor,
Francis Durando Nichols, who succumbed to a lingering
illness of many months, February 28. Mr. Nichols had
hosts of warm friends and during the period of his editorial
duties with AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS was ever
loyal to the interests of this magazine and enthusiastic and
unremitting in his efforts to assist in promoting its welfare.
His loss will be keenly felt by his associates and by all who
knew him.

THE SMALL HOUSE NUMBER: MAY

HE annual Small House Number of AMERICAN
HoMEs AND GARDENS will constitute the May issue.
This will be one of the handsomest numbers ever issued of
any magazine devoted to the subject of the home, its fur-
nishings and its surroundings. It will form a special feature
of the year’s program for this periodical, and will be greatly
increased in the number of pages for this issue. Every
homemaker is interested in the small house, and the May
number of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS will contain
page after page of text and fine illustrations and floor plans
of small houses by some of the leading architects of the day
in America. Houses in the East and in the West will both
be shown, small houses of every type, and this issue of the
magazine will be a veritable architectural handbook on the
subject of small houses suited to every site and locality. In
addition to the small house articles are numerous others;
one describing a beautiful garden near Philadelphia, ex-
quisitely illustrated; another on “Garden Seats,” an article
on the subject of tiles and their architectural uses, one
more in the series on Poultry-Keeping and also one on rais-
. ing ducks, and notes on horticultural subjects, and the regu-
lar departments of ‘‘Within the House,” “Around the Gar-
den” and “Helps to the Housewife.’ The fact that AMERI-
CAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is constructive in its policy and
presents in every issue related material, marks it as unique
in the periodical field, and has won for it the strong support
of the discriminating, who have become and have remained
its strong and appreciative friends.

VILLAGE FREE DELIVERY

HE Postmaster-General has placed before the Senate

and House Committees on Post Office and Post Roads
a memorandum recommending an appropriation of $100,-
000 to be applied to putting into operation a Village Free
Delivery service. [he present law confines the delivery
of mail matter to cities having a population of 10,000 or
more, or annual receipts at their local post-offices of at least
$10,000, with, of course, the exception of the existing rural
routes now receiving free mail delivery. The carrier de-
livery service is now operated in 1,541 cities, and the rural
free delivery routes number 42,000. However, this leaves
some 30,000,000 inhabitants of the United States without
any form of free delivery service. The Postmaster-Gen-
eral recommends that not over $1,800 be allowed for the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

xiii

Za rpm, =

projected extension at any single ofice. The Postmaster-
General is quoted as saying that ‘‘while it is scarcely feasible
to establish free delivery service in villages and towns, on
account of heavy expense, it is entirely practicable to fur-
nish to the postmasters at the places a comparatively small
allowance that would enable them to employ necessary assist-
ance to deliver mail at residences of their patrons. These
people now are obliged to call at the post-offices for their
mail. Authorization by Congress of the plan suggested
would be of great convenience to nearly 30,000,000 people,
and would remove from the postal service an apparent dis-
crimination against residents in towns and villages.”” While
the Editor of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS strongly
approves of the extension of the free mail delivery service
to villages and towns now unprovided with such service, it
remains a question as to the feasibility of the Postmaster-
General’s plan of distributing the ‘comparatively small’’ al-
lowances to which he refers without some definite instruc-
tions regarding their dispersal based upon reliable investi-
gation of needs and conditions. If the heavy expense of
establishing free delivery in all towns and villages in a
thorough and comprehensive manner precludes such a step,
it then remains to be seen just how, after all, discrimination
would be affected. Nevertheless, something is better than
nothing, as the establishing of the Rural Free Deliveries
has shown us, and perhaps the Post-Office Department, if
it succeeds in obtaining the appropriation, will find a way
to ensure its being spent honestly and intelligently.
THE NEW CHILD BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF COM-
MERCE AND LABOR.

HE action of the Senate of the United States in passing

a bill for the creation of a Children’s Bureau, in the
Department of Commerce and Labor, is a significant step.
The fight of the women of this country to bring thousands
of child workers in the United States under the care of Uncle
Sam was led by Jane Addams, the noted Chicago social
worker. Miss Addams is to be thoroughly congratulated
upon her efforts in this action, having borne the brunt of
the work which has been done in behalf of Federal legisla-
tion. It is mainly due to her activity that the fight has been
won in the upper branch of Congress. The bill just passed
authorized the newly created bureau to collect information
pertaining to the welfare of children and child-life. Special
authority is to be given to make it possible to investigate
questions of infant mortality, the birth rate, orphanage,
juvenile courts, desertion, diseases, accidents, occupation,
legislation and kindred subjects.

HOME INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION

NEW movement is on foot throughout American in-

dustrial cities towards the establishment of annual
exhibitions of local industrial accomplishments. The Newark,
New Jersey, Industrial Exposition under the auspices of the
Newark Board of Trade to be held in May will be watched
with interest. Much good can be accomplished through
such exhibitions, not only in the matter of civic publicity,
but also (especially in the larger cities) in calling the atten-
tion of citizens themselves to their numerous local resources.

XIV

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

WHITE Self-Starting SIX
HE White Self-Starting Six-Cylinder Sixty

4A presents a striking contrast to the conven-
tional types of six-cylinder motor cars. This

car has been produced

to meet the heretofore

unfilled demand for a powerful six-cylinder car
that 1s both economical in operation and simple
in construction and control.

The White Six embodies all of the
principles of motor car design
which ‘The White Company has so
thoroughly developed, and which
have made White Cars world-
famous for economy, durability,
and simplicity of operation and
construction.

Absolutely the latest in every de-
tail of body design, with lines
unbroken by hinges and handles,
the White Six is the only car to
incorporate the entirely new but
extremely convenient combination
of the left-hand drive with a
thoroughly practical and efficient
electric starting and lighting sys-

SSS

The White 3¥

“ips

tem, making it possible, for the

first time in motor car construc-
tions to Teach the denying seats

street.

The striking simplicity in the
design and construction of the
White Six, with its long-stroke,
cast-in-block motor, commands
the admiration of all who see it;
and the owner of a White Car
rests secure in the knowledge that
it” isi “absolutely sthe=) bestwyand
most advanced car produced
anywhere.

CLEVELAND

Manufacturers of Gasoline Motor Cars, Trucks and Taxicabs

April, 1912

COPE NTS FOR APRIL, 1912

b Ga
O)

1 TEE. ESCORTIBATRRUBICIS NOSIS Aig cele 2 ete Neo ee aun ar Frontispiece

PREs GARDEN OFERRNOSPSs 4 er <0 1cbs vee bo PE she ae ch By F. F. Rockwell Teter
JA. IN SV) JBIRSISNS LEO CIS Sala ae Cee eae ae By Mary W. Mount 118
SOLS QIN 8S NG NT Cee By Winifred Fales 122
Sl semen Aaa te om Re PA 126-127

Js, JA OUISIE iW g Oe es DES NO 0 enna By Mary H. Northend 128

Beer ea ee ae fan ees A By Harvey L. Reddington Ig2
THE SADDLE Horse For THE CounTRY HoME................. By Herbert J. Krum 1695
WitHIN THE House—Gray in Interior Decoration...... By Harry Martin Yeomans 138

AROUND THE GARDEN—April Days in the Garden
Heirs ro tHe Housewire—Tools for Housekeeping........ By Elizabeth Atwood 142

Making a Beginning in-Poultry-Keeping __ New Books The Editor’s Notebook

BE) Sangh] GR Bohol] Baga

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President VMEONENR s&s (GO ; Inc. Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

Sree sO ee es a OIG ee cme mis eee in OS ie eee IO LeTS

Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘ American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

i . 0 : Photcgraph by Nathan R. Graves
The incomparable beauty of the Rose adds exquisite charm to every garden, perennial delight to every nook wherein its loveliness is found

The Garden of

from the limelight,
but the glorious Rose has quietly
kept its place as the most prized and
most beloved of all the fair competi-
tors in the garden; nor is it likely
ever to be displaced. The wealthy
may abandon it for their hothouse
Orchids, grown by experts, but it is
bound by a thousand ties of tradi-
tion, poetry and sentiment to the
hearts of the many. No real lover
of flowers would ever be satisfied to
let “the gardener” have all the care
of bringing them to maturity, any
more than the artist would think of
hiring someone to paint his pictures.

For the garden of the real lover
of flowers—any lover of flowers—
modern Roses are the unequaled
favorites, the greatest satisfaction
givers. “But why modern Roses?”
you may ask. The answer is inter-
esting. The Rose has undergone a

so available to the million, so pre-eminently
the heritage of the everyday gardener. Other
flowers have been “‘boomed,”’ become for a
while the popular fad and dropped again

Apnil, 1912

By F. F. Rockwell
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

Souvenir de Maria Zayas. Carmine

somewhat singular development. When Rose growing was
almost entirely in the hands of the professional private
gardeners and the flowers were produced solely to be cut
for the table and other interior decorative uses, it was
natural that the development of a large, firm, long-keeping

bud was the thing striven for. The
individual flower was the whole
thing; the form of the bush, or its
healthiness, or its hardiness, or the
length of freedom of its blooming
period were then matters of small
consequence. The private gardener
engaged by the estate did not have
to pay the gardening bills, and, per-
haps, found it possible to go into his
Rose-growing experiments without
restriction. Now, generally speak-
ing, the old order of things is more
or less changed about.

The garden Rose of to-day has
been bred for the beauty of its plant-
form as well as for that of its flower;
likewise it is now being bred for
health, for hardiness, for freedom
and continuity of bloom. As a re-
sult, the hybridizers have given us
some wonderful specimens. Through
all. of the most beautiful, most satiny

AMERICAN

A corner of Miss Helen Gould’s Rose

shades of red, of yellow, pink, crimson and white (full and
open, four to five inches across, like Frau Karl Druschki, as
in the Rambler types), our Roses of to-day seem to run the
perfect scale of beauty in both form and color. Particular
or blind indeed must be he who cannot find somewhere
among their galaxy his ideal of material loveliness. The
subtle and varied perfumes of the Rose, making it indeed

An attractive Fimbriata Rose, white and pink

HOMES AND GARDENS

arden, at Irvington, New York

April, 1912

the flower paramount of poetry, lifts its con-
templation into that strange realm of mystic
song and music to which it seems related.
But we must grow Roses! Knowing that
they are the most beautiful of flowers, “How
shall we succeed with them?” is a question
one eagerly asks of the experienced horti-
culturist. In the first place, we must look a
little into the characteristics of the Rose, for
we must see wherein the types differ and how
we can best employ each. Modern garden
Roses may practically be considered in three
general classes:
Hysrip PERPETUALS
Hysrip Teas
Harpy CLIMBERS
I know the botanist will here raise his
hand and say there are many more classes,
that the present limitation is not scientific,
etc.; but I must request him politely to be
seated and keep quiet for a bit, for my sole
purpose is to present information to the lay
gardener that will enable him to go out and
grow Roses; and as long as he procures good
flowers for his efforts he will not, as a rule, care whether
they are from a Hybrid China X Rosa Wichuraiana or not.
THE HYBRID PERPETUALS
These are the hardiest of the bush garden Roses, and for
this reason the most reliable for general cultivation. The

term ‘‘perpetual” is apt to be misleading to the beginner, as
Their heaviest crop of

it does not mean “‘ever-blooming.”’
flowers is borne in June,
lasting to the first week in
July. Again in Autumn
there will be an occasional
flower. A few of the best
of the Hybrid Perpetuals
produce flowers as beautiful
as those of the “Tea” class.
THE HYBRID TEAS

These now constitute by
far the most important
group for Rose gardeners,
where they will be cared
for, Wheysare, north ou
Philadelphia, what might
be termed semi -hardy—
that is, they need Winter protection (which is not at all a
difficult matter) to come through hard Winters safely. Some
are much hardier than others, and this is a good point to
keep in mind when making selections. The Hybrid Teas
are, for the most part, results of crosses between the Teas
and the June-flowering Hybrid Perpetuals. From the latter
parents they have taken the good qualities of hardiness and
robustness of growth. From the former, the free and con-
tinuous flowering habit, the blossoms being produced from
early June until August, and again from September until
early frosts. The Rose specialists have given by far the
greater part of their attention during the last twenty-five
years to this class of Roses, and it now contains every color
known in a Rose and many beautiful shades not to be found
elsewhere, and those of the grandest size and most attrac-
tive form are to be found among them. In habit of growth
they do not average quite as strong as the Hybrid Perpet-
uals, but are perfectly suited to all practical purposes.

THE HARDY CLIMBERS

These are a comparatively new class of the type of that
universally known and now universal favorite, Crimson
Rambler. ‘They are extremely vigorous in growth and
very hardy, most of them standing without protection very

PLANTING "DORMANT" ROOTS

A-COLLAR"OR UNION OF TOPAND ROOT
STOCK

B-B-GROUND LEVEL

C-C- CUT OF AFTER PLANTING

Diagram of dormant roots

April, 1912

severe Winters. The flowers of the Ram-
blers, while comparatively small, are borne
in huge clusters or trusses, which give a most
striking effect. Some of the newer climbers,
however, such as Dr. Van Fleet and Climbing
American Beauty, bear flowers several inches
across and on long stems, as suitable for cut-
ting as the garden sorts. Then there are the
climbing semi-doubles and singles, in numer-
ous shades and showing the beautiful golden
stamens, which many gardeners prefer to
the double sorts; certainly they are among
the most graceful of Roses. While the
flowers of the hardy climbers are borne
freely, as a rule there is but one flowering
period, though some of the newer sorts show
the ever-blooming tendency. It is probably
only a question of time until this will be bred
in them to a much greater extent. As they
are now, however, they are worthy a place
somewhere around the home of every lover
of flowers, and that means everywhere.

What varieties will give the greatest satis-
faction for different purposes and periods?

It will be readily seen from the foregoing that this de-
pends entirely upon circumstances. If you want a Rose
garden that will furnish good flowers for cutting, as well as
being ornaments, but want it so ironclad that you will
have to give it the least possible care, use the Hardy
Perpetuals. If, on the other hand, you are willing to
look out for your plants and attend to giving them pro-
tection in the late Fall, then
you can have the most beau-
tiful of Roses nearly all
Summer long, and most of
your choices will be from
the Hybrid Teas. It may
be, however, that you do
not want or cannot have a
Rose garden at all—just
Roses! Then you should
go to the new Hardy
Climbers, where you will
find sorts for both cutting
and decorative utility,
which will thrive with the
least care and under ad-
verse conditions. Think the situation over carefully before
you buy, on the strength of the suggestions offered here.

PLANNING THE ROSE GARDEN

The Rose garden should be carefully planned. As in
making selections, so also in laying out the garden—you
should have a definite purpose to begin with. Are your
Roses to be used for cut flowers only, or to be enjoyed as
they grow, with the Rose garden itself a thing of beauty in
the landscape? Again, it may be desirable to use them
simply to decorate the house with, as a relief to a bare wall,
a covering for a pillar or trellis, or some spot yet uncovered.
The accompanying Rose garden plan may prove of service.

THE LOCATION

The making of the garden is one of the most important
factors in success with Roses. The location for it should be,
if possible, upon high ground, where the air currents pass
freely. This will afford natural protection against both
frost and mildew. It should be, if possible, sheltered by a
building, shed, or wall from the cold northwest winds,
which do more harm than the cold itself. It should not be
in the shade, and above all, not near the bases of large trees,
whose thieving roots cannot be kept out of the rich Rose
soil. With these rules stated, comes the matter of soil.

A-A-

FALL PRUNING

B-B- SPRING PRUN/NG

C-C- EARTH PROTECTION
FOR WINTER

D-D- GROUND LEVEL

Diagram of pruning

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A terrace overhung with fragrant Dorothy Perkins Roses

THE SOIL
The soil should be heavy, a ‘“‘clay loam” if possible—
especially is this true for the garden bush varieties. Some
of the climbers will do well on a light sandy soil, but do not
prefer it. A light soil may be made suitable by the addition
of heavy loam or of muck. Two years ago I set out a large

bed of Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas in soil that

La Detroit, strong, hardy and ever-blooming

114 AMERICAN

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Rose

was practically pure muck taken from the bottom of a shal-
low pond, and enriched with cow manure, and they have
done excellently. If you have to choose between heavy soil
in a low spot and light soil well elevated, take the latter,
and by adding heavy soil put it into shape.

The drainage must be efficient. With poor drainage you
cannot have good Roses, no matter how much care you may
take of them otherwise. If the drainage is not good
naturally—which will usually be shown by a sandy or
gravelly subsoil—it must be made good. This can usually
be accomplished by digging the bed out to a depth of
two or three feet, loosening up with a pick the soil be-
low this, and filling in eight to twelve
inches with broken stone, brick, old
plaster or some similiar material.
Over this put inverted sod or strawy
manure to keep the dirt from work-
ing down into the cracks.

FERTILIZING

The soil for the beds should be
thoroughly enriched. The best thing
for this purpose is well-decayed barn-
yard manure, though mixed manure
will do. It should be thoroughly in-
corporated into the lower part of the
made soil in the beds, but the top
eight to twelve inches should be of
clean, fine loam, without fresh ma-
nure, in order that the roots may be
induced to strike down. Ashes, bone
(preferably meal and flour mixed),
and nitrate of soda make a good
mixture for top dressing and work-
ing into the soil. Mix in the pro-
portion of, say, ten pounds nitrate
of soda twenty of bone and twenty
of ashes, and sow thinly, just enough

HOMES AND GARDENS

The well- chown Crimson Rae

April,

Ig12

The White Dawson Roce

to coat the surface over thoroughly, then work in with a
fork or rake. If just before a rain or a thorough water-
ing, the result will be perceptible very quickly. If the bed
is up in good condition, the soda alone will give most
astonishing results.
BEDS AND PATHS
The ‘“‘beds” may be three to five feet wide; it is best to
keep them narrow enough so that they can be tended and
the flowers gathered without having to step upon the soil.
The Hybrid Perpetuals should be put about two feet apart,
and the Hybrid Teas eighteen inches to two feet, accord-
ing to habit of growth, so the proper width in any case geen
ceayg, readily be figured out.
= uf The paths may be of grass, gravel
I or cinders, as taste or convenience
may dictate. Grass has the disad-
vantage of being wet very frequently
in the early morning, which is the
best time to cut the flowers. ‘The
edgings may be made permanent, of
small stones or something similar,
but personally I prefer a border of
box or, in localities where that kills
out, of some low annual, such as
Sweet Allysum.
PLANTING
The setting of the plants should
be done carefully and thoroughly.
While planting is sometimes done in
the Fall, from Philadelphia north,
Spring planting will,-as a rule, give
the best results. The Hybrid Per-
petuals can be set out as soon as the
ground is dry enough to work, but
the Hybrid Teas and Climbers had
better be kept back until after the
late frosts, say until about the mid-

April,

IgI2

Belle Siebrecht!Rose, deep pink

dle of April or first of May, according to the locality and
the season.

Roses are set out in two ways—as ‘dormant roots,”
which usually are not supplied after April 15th, and started
in pots. Good results can be had from either, but the latter,
all things considered, is more satisfactory. If dormant
roots are ordered, arrangements should be made to plant
them as soon as received if possible. If for any reason they
have to be held, dig a shallow trench and pack them in this,
upright, with the roots covered with fine soil, to keep them
from dying out. In either case, as soon as the plants
are received the dormant roots should be placed for
several hours in a pail of water.
When setting them out in the
beds, keep the roots wrapped in
damp moss, or “puddle” them by
dipping into liquid mud before start-
ing out, to obtain the best results.

The potted plants, if they cannot
be set out immediately upon arrival,
may be kept anywhere in the light
where they are protected from frost.
The first thing to observe in planting
is to see that the “union” where the
bud has been joined to the root stock
is put about two and a half inches
below the level of the soil. This is
very important, because by far the
biggest part of the Roses sent out
are ‘“grafted’’—that is, a little slip
of the variety wanted is joined onto
the root of a strong-growing sort.
The advantage of this process is that
it gives plants more vigor, capable
of giving more and finer blooms, fre-
quently earlier blooming, and in the
case of tender varieties, such as

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

epee Pearl rush Rose, brilliant white

115

Caroline Testout Rose, satiny pink

many of the Hybrid Teas, more hardy and long-lived than
those on their own roots. The one disadvantage is that
they have a tendency to throw up worthless “suckers”
from the root-stock, especially if not planted deep enough.
This is not serious, however, as all such can be readily
distinguished from the fact that they have seven small
leaves instead of the usual five, and if removed on sight
will cause no trouble.

In setting the Roses in the soil, be sure to make the holes
large enough to take all the roots without bending or crowd-
ing. If any are broken or torn, they should be cut off clean
at the point of fracture. If the soil in the garden is at all
lumpy or coarse, some sifted fine soil
should be provided for filling in the
holes, for no air spaces should be
left about the roots.

If the soil is at all dry, water the
plants while setting—that is, after
about half the soil has been filled in
give a good watering, and let this
soak in before putting in the rest of
the soil. The most important par-
ticular in planting, however, is to get
the plants in firmly. Probably more
Roses fail from this cause than from
any other. Pack the soil in as firmly
as possible with the hands about the
roots—which should be spread out
nearly laterally—and then press in
with the whole body’s weight by
placing a foot on either side of the
stem. A well-known nurseryman re-
lates the story of a woman who
wrote him complaining that all her
beautiful Rose plants had died, ex-
cept one, which her husband had ac-
cidentally stepped on after planting.

‘A

116

If dormant roots have been used, go over them now with
the pruning shears and cut back each cane to three or four
eyes or buds, being careful to cut about a quarter of an inch
above an outside bud, that the plant may develop with an
open center. (See the ac-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

late in the Fall.
the lower buds, but to shed off any surplus water, which, if
it accumulates and freezes around the base of the plant, in-
variably leads to doing great damage.

36-0" ——s

April, 1912

This serves not only to thoroughly protect

The Winter mulch
should be left on until after

companying illustration.)

After planting, the bed
should be carefully finished
off with a steel rake, so that
the surface is left fine and
even. If the bed has been
thoroughly prepared and the
planting carefully done, the
battle is practically won, but
some care is necessary
through the entire Summer.

ROSE-CULTURE HINTS

First of all, the beds
should be frequently gone G - 4 HYBRID AUSTRIAN BRIER

POO - ARBOR OVER ENTRANCE

over—every two weeks or

oftener in dry weather—to
maintain a soil mulch to preserve all the moisture possible.
This surface cultivation should always be given immediately
afterahardrain. If this is kept up, watering will not be neces-
sary except in extreme drouth. ‘These cultivations should
be shallow—not more than about two inches deep—and a
flat-tined fork or prong hoe is the best tool to use. Secondly,
keep the flowers cut! Take the opening buds in the morn-
ing, every day or every other day. If they are wanted on
the bushes, cut off all faded blooms every day or two. In
cutting, always take the stems a little above an outside bud.
The stems may be cut as long as desired, and at least two
eyes should be taken with the flower. During the blooming
period the plants will be greatly helped by additional fertili-
zation. ‘This may be given in the formula mentioned above,
or in the immediate acting form of liquid manure. ‘To pre-
pare this get a tight barrel—a heavy, strong “pork” barrel
can be had of the grocer or the butcher for about thirty-
five cents. Put this in a convenient place—a good way is
to sink it a third to half its depth into the ground—and put
into it about half a bushel of manure, preferably from cows.
Renew from time to time and keep the barrel full of water.
Do not apply the dry soil without giving it a watering with
the hose is a needed reminder.

PROTECTION

After the first blooming season is over a ‘‘mulch”’ may be
used instead of the shallow cultivation, if desired. ‘This
should be of fine old manure, which will not bake or form
hard lumps, put on three or four inches thick. Do not
continue the extra feeding in the Fall, as the canes should
be allowed to “ripen” as much as possible before cold
weather, especially those of the ever-blooming classes.

Hybrid Teas and other sorts not as hardy as the Hybrid
Perpetuals and Climbers should be given Winter protection
north of Philadelphia. The idea that this protection is to
keep frost away from the plants should be at once discarded ;
it is to keep them from alternate freezing and thawing,
from starting too early in the Spring, and to keep off cold
north minds during mid-Winter.

Either dry manure or leaves may be used for this pur-
pose. One of the neatest, best and easiest mulches to use
is dry leaves, held in place by a twelve or eighteen-inch strip
of chicken wire run around the outside of the bed and sup-
ported by small stakes. If necessary, a few pine boughs
may be placed over the top to keep them from blowing.
This protection should be put on after the first hard frost—
you see, the idea is not to prevent the roots from freezing,
but to keep them frozen. In colder climates, north of
New York, a very good plan with the Hybrid Teas and
Teas is to draw dry earth up around the base of each plant

@- POSTS

42! 3-0"-x—.—- IEG} — Sa 4 0k —— T0720"

O- 12 HARDY CLIMBERS — ABOUT 4 FEET APART
@- 24 HYBRID PERPETUALS AND HYBRID TEAS
+- 16 "BABY" RAMBLERS AND POLYANTHUS

Diagram plan of a small Rose garden

the severe frosts of Spring,
and then, beginning about
April rst, remove gradually.
Any old manure or leaves
that are too rotted to be
picked up readily may be dug
into the soil with the new
dressing of manure, which
should be dug into the soil
every Spring after the Spring
pruning.

“=
es

X t
= = - TO" 2'0"

-- S4O*%
Sa IN)

Ale

“Ts
Jt
i9j
*
x
cS)
I
L))
ah

PRUNING

The matter of pruning is
one of the most important
and least’ understood of all
Rose operations. -We have
already spoken of pruning dormant stock after planting.
After blooming Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas should
be cut back a third to one half. Sometimes the bush Roses
will send up thick, pithy, rapidly-grown stalks, resémbling
Raspberry’ canes, late in the Fall, and these are usually
worthless and best cut off. Any canes that are top-heavy or
so long as to be likely to whip in the wind should also be
shortened back. The main pruning for all bush Roses, how-
ever, should be given in the Spring. Begin with the hardiest
sorts in March. All dead wood and weak shoots should be
cut out first. The degree to which the remaining shoots
should be cut back will depend on whether you prefer extra
quality to abundance of bloom or not. If you do, cut them
all back to within three or four eyes of the main stem.
Otherwise, cut back to six to ten eyes. Where a tall bush

is wanted, or one to grow against a walk, for instance, leave’

three or four feet tall. As a rule, strong-growing plants
should not be cut down so severely as the least robust sorts.

In April, as their covering is removed and as soon as the
buds begin to swell, prune the Hybrid Teas and other ten-
derer sorts. Cut out all dead or weak wood, as with the
Hybrid Perpetuals. Twice the number of eyes may be left
that would be proper for the hardy sorts. The Hardy
Climbers are best given their severest pruning just after the
flowering period, cutting out most of the wood that is three
years old. The object in doing it at this time is to conserve
the strength of the plant for developing the newer growth
for next year’s blossoms. (In this the Climbers differ from
the bush Roses, which do their prettiest on new wood of
the present season’s growth.) Any weak, broken or Winter-
killed shoots should be cut out in the Spring.

INSECT PESTS

The well-cared-for Rose garden is not likely to be both-
ered by insect or disease enemies. If any trouble is experi-
enced, spray frequently with Bordeaux Arsenate of Lead
mixture, which protects against both classes of enemies. If
the green fly (aphis) becomes troublesome, use aphine or
some form of tobacco.

VARIETIES

The varieties of Roses are so numerous that lack of space
makes it impossible to attempt any lengthy description here.
I name below a few of the best in each class. In making
your selections, get two or three of the best catalogues and
go over them carefully, keeping in mind that size and color
of bloom are not the only qualities required in a satisfac-
tory garden Rose. If your selections are made from the
list below, you may know that you are getting sorts that
have given excellent general satisfaction. This list compris-
ing some fifty sorts, is meant to serve merely as a guide.

April, 1912

The Hybrid Perpetuals—These are the hardiest of the
garden Roses. The few varieties named below are all
splendid flowers for cutting: Frau Karl Druschki, ideal
white Rose, and one of the best of all garden Roses; Gen-
eral Jacqueminot, brilliant scarlet, the old favorite “Jack
Rose”; Paul Neyron, dark Rose, one of the largest of all;
Ulrich Brunner, bright cherry red, very popular; George
Arends, new soft pink, splendid in every way; Gloire de
Chedane Guinoisseau, new bright red, extra fine; Magna
Charta, bright pink, an old favorite.

The Hybrid Teas—This is called the “hardy ever-bloom-
ing” class; when given protection, the most satisfactory for
garden work: Robert-Huey, one of the very finest and
largest bright reds, very vigorous; Otto Von Bismarck, soft
silver-pink; The Lyon, deep coral pink verging to yellow,
one of the most beautiful of all Roses; White Killarney, one
of the best pure whites; Gruss au Teplitz, reddest of all red
Roses, very strong; Richmond, brilliant crimson, very popu-
lar; La France, clear satiny pink, one of the world’s uni-
versal favorites; Mme. Segond Weber, soft salmon pink;
Killarney, brilliant pink, splendid flower, very free bloomer
and extra hardy; Harry Kirk, deep sulphur yellow; Melody,
a splendid new yellow; Cardinal, a rich cardinal red, very
fine; General McArthur, vivid crimson scarlet, one of the
brightest; Burbank, rich pink, resembling the old favorite
Hermosa, free and continuous bloomer; Kaiserin Augusta
Victoria, a soft pearly white, very fragrant, strong grower.

The Teas—These are tenderer than the Hybrid Teas, but
can be brought through with care. Very sweet scented:
Perle des Jardins, beautiful rich yellow; Papa Goutier, dark
crimson; Souvenir de Pierre Notting, fine canary yellow;
The Bride, pure white; Maman Cochet, deep rose-pink,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 117

extra fine; White Maman Cochet, pure white; Bon Silene,
bright rose, old favorite and extra sweet scented; Catherine
Mermet, beautiful soft rose.

Hardy Climbers—Great successes have recently been
achieved in this class, which is undoubtedly becoming more
popular every year, and deservedly so: American Pillar,
enormous single flowers, lovely pink; Climbing American
Beauty, a really fine novelty, splendid flowers three to four
inches across; Christine Wright, ever-blooming tendencies;
Excelsa, the finest of the Crimson Rambler class; Tansend-
schon (“Thousand Beauties’), flowers open soft pink, but
change to several shades, whence the name, rampant grower
and has become very popular; Veilchenblau, the so-called
“blue” Rose, the nearest to a blue so far produced; Flower
of Fairfield, resembles Crimson Rambler, but is ‘“‘ever-
blooming”; Hiawatha, single, brilliant crimson, very beauti-
ful; Dorothy Perkins, soft shell-pink, very fragrant, extra
fine; White Dorothy Perkins, pure white, fine; Yellow Ram-
bler, semi-double, fragrant, yellow flower; Dr. W. Van
Fleet, beautiful shell-pink flowers, over four inches across,
borne on long stems, bears a second crop in Autumn, one of
the grandest Roses yet developed; Silver Moon, semi-
double, very large silver-white blossoms, partly revealing
the golden stamens, ever-blooming tendencies, foliage espe-
cially beautiful; Lady Gay, very popular on account of the
beautiful delicate cerise-pink shade of its flowers, which
change to creamy white; Wichmoss, a climbing “moss”
Rose, semi-double, light bluish-pink, and fragrant, very
unique and beautiful...

Hybrid Briers—These are hardy semi-climbing Roses,
very beautiful and fragrant. Prune only old and weak

(Continued on page 144)

A bank of such Roses against the house is an ideal arrangement for the small premises

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

/
Bese
Set ee
a ~
nee: ae

A New Jersey House, the Prototype of a Famous
Virginia Manor

By Mary W. Mount
Photographs by T. C. Turner

q)| HERE Vauxhall Mountain rises steeply be-
yond the last spur of the Orange Range, in
Essex County, New Jersey, one finds spread-
ing upon its southern slope the beautiful
picture of a town that seems to have been
translated from the Virginia of a bygone
century and set here within the frame of wooded mountain-
side and verdant meadowlands. If one were to draw rein
within its rose-girt bridlepath he would fancy himself in
Alexandria, amid the hills of Virginia,
instead of in Wyoming, upon Vaux- |
hall Mountain, and he would undoubt-
edly feel impelled to dismount before
the house herein described—a house
that follows closely the lines of the Car-
lyle mansion at Alexandria, Virginia,
where General Washington was wont
to lodge.

Nature has lent itself to this repro-
duction of one of Virginia’s most famous
mansions, and furnishes for its site a
slope so steep that, from the back, this
modern Carlyle house has all the. ap-

pearance of standing upon a fortress, such as formed the
foundation for its prototype. Within vine-draped, flower-
bordered walls of gray, a postern gate stands hospitably
ajar. And when it has swung more widely to welcome the
coming guest within a blossom-grown terrace and so into
a wide Colonial hall, there comes the realization that where
architect has left off with outer semblance of the old-time
Carlyle house, the mistress of this newer one has wrought
within it an atmosphere that inspires the whole with the
spirit of Colonial times.

The ground-floor: plan

Here is evident the enthusiasm of a
collector with that discriminating taste
born of knowledge and experience, for
both Mr. and Mrs. William T. Cal-
laway, for whom this residence was built,
keenly enjoy the quest for antique fur-
niture of the later Georgian period, and
have gathered, here and abroad, treas-
ures of Adam, Sheraton, Hepplewhite
and Chippendale styles in order that
old actualities in furnishings may per-
vade a modern reproduction of the old
historic dwelling, gracing a favored spot.

April, 1912

One is pleasantly im-
pressed with all this upon
entering the spacious hall,
where cream-white Colonial
balustrades curve outward
in a graceful spread at the
bottom of the stairs, and an
old mahogany settle invites
the visitor to rest opposite a
fine claw-foot cabinet of like
period. Wide doorways
open on one side into the
drawing-room, and on the
other into the library and
the dining-room, with a long
vista before one of the out-
door living-room beyond,
which is glass-enclosed dur-
ing the Winter.

Within the drawing-room
the heart of the collector is
stirred to enthusiasm—if not,
indeed, to envy—for upon a
Colonial Adam mantel of
white, with panoply of an-
tique brasses in the fireplace,
stands a clock that Sheraton
himself designed, its beauty
reflected in a genuine Adam
mirror.

Hepplewhite and Shera-
ton are handsomely repre-
sented in this house, but the
famous Robert Adam is re-
sponsible for most of the
furniture in the long room,
as the flat table-like desk,
exquisitely modeled and with
three drawers in each side;
a cabinet that is an inspira-
tion in grace of line and pro-
portions, and which is
matched by two duplicates
of modern make; a sofa, up-
holstered in rich striped silk
of a delicate Adam greenand
pearl-white; such mirrors
and wall-brackets for lights

as Adam was master at fashioning, companied by chairs of
his design, a Sheraton inlaid consul table, and a wonderful

AMERICAN HOMES AND

An interesting corner of the hallway

GARDENS

SEEPS OEP £

oan the center of the hall

Iig

sofa of the same period, with
swanheads curved gracefully
over each end, and which is
a trophy discovered by Mrs.
Callaway in an obscure Eng-
lish village shop.

Not less beautiful than the
antiques, although, perhaps,
lacking a certain indefinable
softness of lustre which age
imparts to old mahogany,
are a table and several chairs
which are exact reproduc-
tions of pieces owned by In-
dependence Hall, Philadel-
phia, and for the copying of
which a permit had to be ob-
tained, although these pieces
have since been reproduced
more generally, some of
which were illustrated in
AMERICAN HoMES AND

(GARDENS for January, 1912.

In keeping with the furni-
ture are the ornaments and
the bric-a-brac, while the
ample cabinets contain a
wealth of antique loveliness,
Oriental, European and Co-
lonial, ranging from rare
porcelains, curios and ex-
amples of the silversmiths’
and jewelers’ art to rich
pieces of antique embroidery
and quaint jeweled combs
that held the tresses of belles
of bygone centuries.

The library uncovers to
the sight of the visitor more
curios in a long, many-win-
dowed room, where book-
cases of the late Georgian
period are supplemented by
modern imitations, and
where rare illuminated vol-
umes of the past touch bind-
ings with romances of the
present. Beneath a spread

of windows that overlook lawn and grove and a garden
sloping to wooded mountain-side, is placed a Sheraton sofa

120

A sense of seclusion is given the house by its walled entrances g

of unusual rarity. In the top of the back is carved a shell,
and the framework swells in graceful lines that please and
refresh the eye even as they invite to relaxation the body.
This sofa has its double in one which occupies an honored
place in Washington’s headquarters at Morristown. In
the enclosed end of the library a mantelpiece of very beauti-
ful Colonial type imparts the
delicacy of Colonial outline
and white woodwork to the
room and, at the same time,
diffuses the glow of rare
brasses; of an old English
brazier and candlesticks,
supplemented by the bloom
of antique copper candle-
sticks from Vernona, Italy.
Iere “and “there “in this
spacious room of easy chairs
and hospitably large center-
table, the warm gleam of old
mahogany finds a sparkling
complement where light
falls upon some rare piece of
brass or silver; a touch of
contrasting color in the
Brower pottery and in other
bits of fatence, and, so sur-
rounded by objects mellowed
in the crucible of Time, it
diffuses an essence of rest-
fulness and inspires the feel-
ing that in entering upon
this scene of the tranquil past
one leaves without the
threshold the hurry of the
present.

Subtly the impression is
conveyed of an harmonious

perenne commen pees

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

fore

The gateway in the wall reminds

April, 1912

arrangement of the
draperies at win-
dows and doorways.
Of gichwand ene
simplicity, they pos-
Siesis tile a didkerd
charm of unobtru-
sively supplying a
needed accent of
color here, a soft-
ness of outline there,
without attracting
attention to them-
selves. The leading from cream-white paneling and finish
upon the drawing-room floor to wainscoting in squares that
cover the entire wall of the upper hall where twin stairways
converge, suggests an effect of ascending to greater delicacy
and increasing light in the arrangement of the floor above.

Just at the foot of these stairs, next to the library, is a
dining-room that represents enchanted land to a collector,
so full is it of antiques in furniture, silver, china and cut
glass. It is an oblong room with windows looking upon
the shrubbery-filled terrace in front of the house and the
forest-covered slope of Vauxhall Mountain beyond, -and
opening upon the large outdoor living-room, which, with its
glass enclosure, forms a delightful sunroom in the winter
season. ‘The entrance to this living-room is flanked on one
side by a glass-paned Hepplewhite cabinet filled with crystal,
and on the other by another cabinet, of the same make, con-
taining rarities in china and in silver. A graceful little three-
legged tabouret shares honors with a serving table of the
same style of Hepplewhite, and the least impressionable
person could not remain insensible to the charm exerted by
the beautifully modeled oval dining-table with its comple-
ment of fiddle-backed chairs that represent probably the
most attractive type of all chairs of the Georgian period.

Against the wall opposite: the sunroom stands one of
Sheraton’s finest examples of a sideboard. Swelling sides
conceal curious wine bottle
drawers; inlaid front panels
exhibit an urn decoration,
and the whole has been ex-
quisitely adorned with paint-
ings by Angelica Kauffman
and Amelia Kutner. Not
the smallest attraction about
this interesting sideboard is
its treasure of fine Shefheld
plate, the rare crystal and
cut glass upon it. From this
one’s gaze naturally turns to
an Elizabethan shelf against
the wall on which are won-
derful Bogardus and Spode
plates, a Sunderland cup of
the date 1793, examples of
old Chelsea, Staffordshire,
Wedgewood and _ ancient
French ware, articles of
which are repeated else-
where in the dining-room,
and rivaled by quaint old
bow china figures. Beverly
Betts candlesticks, of early
Nieuw Yorke days, and in-
teresting old pewter upon
the high Colonial mantel.
One discovers the charmi of
novelty combined with a
high decorative quality in

Second-story plan

one of some old-world nook

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 121

the old French pewter
armorial plates and_ the
breastplate of a Wiswall
ancestor of Mrs. Callaway’s
who was, for fifty years,
Proctor of King’s College
before it became Columbia
University.

That antique hot-water
plates of hand-wrought metal
also possess decorative value
is demonstrated by one
which companies with rare
plates of willow-ware and
Spode; with artistic patterns
of old silver from the Eng-
lish ancestral halls of Mr.
Callaway, with fine old
Sevres and many a souvenir
in gold, silver and faience,
from the collection of one of
the owner’s ancestors. Not
the least interesting part of
this collection is a china-
closet full of white and
gold china, made in the early
days when cups were ample

siculmaaamaas that show no hint, save in
form and beauty, that they
have adorned tables laid
centuries ago, when table-
cloths were designated
‘carpets’ and Shefheld plate
represented all perfection
in the silversmith’s art.

Sally collectors,” ‘the
hostess of this house will tell
you, “like to get different
pieces, and then, too, it
would be hard to match one
make of antique furniture
throughout a house, and
Adam, Hepplewhite, Shera-
ton and Chippendale can be
disposed so as to harmonize
beautifully in a home.” This
harmony is apparent
throughout the Callaway
residence, for one ascends to
the second floor to find four
large bedrooms opening
upon a wide hall and all
filled with such masterpieces
of the four great cabinet

in dimensions, china fine and The Callaway house as seen from the roadway makers of the Georgian

graceful in pattern and gold laid on thickly, as one finds
it in genuine old pieces of the sort. Many of these
pieces are inscribed with family names and armorial bear-
ings and rival in attractiveness wine bottles and tall glasses
and goblets, dishes and quaint celery glasses of cut glass

DOD sitesi a iia Ee ws

The addition of the sunroom has in no manner detracted from the interesting lines of the house as seen from the garden side

period as the Carlyle house in Alexandria might appro-
priately have adorned itself with from England’s treas-
ures before the Revolution.

To one bedroom Sheraton has contributed a bureau and
a cabinet; Hepplewhite a dainty dressing table with a cricket

122

before it; Chippendale a mirror, and chairs associated with
some from the cabinet shops of the Adam brothers. To
another bedroom Adam and early Colonial coypists have
been chief contributors in fine representations of bureaus,
dressing-tables, highboys, lowboys and sofas of that period,
while one room contains a fascinating little work-table made
by Sheraton, with a lock in each of its two swelling-front
drawers and also in a sliding frame below the drawers,
which is intended to support a work-bag of sufficiently rich
material.

It would, indeed, be difficult to find an exact replica of an
historic Colonial dwelling so replete with all that makes
for a revival of that period in furnishing and so fully car-
ries out the artistic element in a Colonial-Adam interior
which, before all things, emphasizes grace and lightness in
form and effect together with a combination of delicacy and
richness, in the production of which Robert Adam was past-
master and has furnished the pattern for architects and
decorators ever since.

Apparent to the most casual observer is the fact that the
Callaway residence at Wyoming has been furnished by one
imbued with the true spirit of the period represented, and
that the paintings, both ancient and modern, have been
selected by Mr. Callaway with the judgment of a connois-
seur in matters of art, but it becomes also apparent that the
task of the architect has been one more difficult of achieve-

While the back of the house faithfully represents

ment.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

that historic place in which the meeting of six Colonial
governors with General Braddock, termed ‘“‘the Congress
of Alexandria,” provoked a counter convention with George
Washington in the chair and the discontent which led to the
Revolution twenty years later, the front entrance loses
some of the historic environment in that it opens upon a
terrace below the level of the street. Instead of ascending
to the entrance one descends a flight of steps placed against
a picturesque stone parapet that supports the hollowed
steep of the mountain. Vines and evergreen shrubbery, with
flowering plants in season, make beautiful this terrace be-
fore the picturesque Colonial porch, and the effect is height-
ened by an extension of the terrace beyond the long outdoor
living-room to where a formal garden has been laid out
within a hollow of the hill. To effect this garden Mr. Cal-
laway had a house removed from an eminence and the
mountainside hollowed out to the level of his terrace, and
here, sheltered from north winds and warmed by sunshine,
roses and perennials smile early at the Spring and bid tardy
farewell to Autumn. A line of cedars to the south of this
formal garden enhances its picturesque effect and shields
from observation an attractive garage on the lawn, which
slopes down the hillside to flower and vegetable gardens at
the foot of the mountain.

From this point of vantage one looks upon a scene of Vir-
ginian space and plenty, crowned by a mansion, the silver-
gray roofs of which seem to bear the tone of mellowed age.

Some Old-Time Wall-Papers

By Winifred Fales
Photographs by Mary H. Northend

Colonial period nothing exceeds in romantic
interest a study of the landscape papers
which were in popular use upon the walls.
Particularly is this true at the present time,
which seems to have brought us a revival of
that particular form of decoration. The new landscape
papers suggest the old ones, but are unlike in tone and char-
acter, except in cases where some old specimen has been taken
as a model and copied with faithful exactness.
stances are rare. Our best examples of real Colonial land-
scape papers date from the twenty-five years immediately
prior to the Revolution and perhaps fifty years succeeding.

Such paper is found in the old Lee mansion in Marble-
head, now used by the Marblehead Historical Society. This
building was erected in 1760 by Jeremiah Lee, a Revolu-
tionary patriot. The wall-papers were made to order in
England, by accurate measurement, to fit the required wall
space. ‘They are in a fine state of preservation at the
present day. When the panel between the two front win-
dows in the upper hall peeled off, a few years ago, the

Early wall-paper, depicting the River Seine, at Paris

Such ine.

back was found to bear this inscription, ‘‘11 Regent Street, '
London. Between windows, upper hall.’ This was proof.
positive that each panel was made to order and to measure.
This hall is very remarkable. It is done in tones of gray,
outlined in black. Landscapes that represent old Roman
ruins are set like framed pictures in alternation with strange
heraldic devices like coats-of-arms.

In other rooms are papers in brown tones, showing castles
set. in shrubbery and encircled by lawns, with sailboats glid-
ing over lakes or rivers, and peasant figures loitering upon
the shore. All these papers are apparently as fresh as in
the days when Lafayette was entertained in this mansion, or
when President Monroe and Andrew Jackson tasted of its
hospitalities.

We can come very near to the time when these papers
were made, but this is not so true of all specimens.
The origin of the first wall-paper is wrapped in mys-

tery. We know that when Columbus discovered Amer-
ica the Spaniards were covering their walls with
squares of stamped and painted leather. Other Eu-

ropean countries copied this fashion to a greater or
less extent, but in England it was apparently never
very popular.

The first wall decoration used in England was doubtless
the tanned skins of animals slain for food. Afterwards the
women became adepts at working all kinds of designs upon
tapestry, or arras, which means the same thing. These
hangings were made in comparatively narrow strips, and
work up and down upon rollers, just like a curtain. They
shut out draughts and hide the unsightly, ugly walls, thus
adding both to the beauty and to the comfort of an apart-
ment. Our modern so-called “‘tapestry-papers” are an at-
tempt to reproduce in wall-paper the effect of cross-stitch
done in silk or worsted upon appropriate material.

Painted canvas was often used as a cheaper substitute for

tapestry. So was dyed cloth. It is doubtful whether any
paper hangings appeared in England before the Sixteenth
Century, when they came by way of Spain and Holland
from the far East. Even then, they. gained but slowly in
popularity. The English were then, as they are now, a
conservative people.

By the middle of the Eighteenth Century, they were in
extreme vogue, and tapestry was being used for covering
furniture. This time brings us to the Lee mansion and its

‘landscape paper just described. ‘The colonists had become

prosperous and powerful, and the newest fashions of the
mother-country were being eagerly sought for home decora-
tion as well as for wearing apparel.

These papers were made in blocks, instead of in long
rolls. The shading was often done by hand, with the utmost
care. Lovely tones of red, blue, and brown produced quiet
color effects by the use of from fifteen to twenty sets of
blocks. The French papers were even more highly finished
than the English.

One of the most exquisite of French papers is that which
is shown in our illustrations from the old Knapp mansion in
Newburyport, now owned and occupied as a Summer home
by Mrs. G. W. Perry. This house was built at about the
same time as the Lee mansion, by a Revolutionary hero.
The paper of which I write is of a later date, belonging to
the first quarter of the Nineteenth Century. Similar paper
is found in the hall of Andrew Jackson’s residence, ‘The
Hermitage,” near Nashville, Tennessee. It is produced
in wonderful shades of soft green, red, peacock-blue, and
white—all apparently undimmed by time. It represents
scenes from Fenelon’s “Adventures of Telemachus,” and
was a favorite novelty in Paris in 1820. All the examples
of this paper found in this country must have been imported

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

An eighteenth century scenic wall-paper in the house of Colonel William R. Lee, Marblehead, Massachusetts

from Paris at about that time, and were of artistic interest.

While considering this subject, I could-scarcely refrain
from saying that herein lies one charm of these old-time
papers. There was real meaning in them... They expressed
distinct ideas. A single theme was elaborated to decorate
a whole room. ‘Thus there was a room hung with paper to
illustrate the touching old mythological story of Cupid and
Psyche. It adorned twelve different panels, and its manu-
facture required the use of fifteen hundred sets of blocks.
It is but natural that decorations such as this should have
produced a stronger effect upon the mind than that which
we receive from a sage-green cartridge-paper, however use-
ful the latter may be in serving as a background.

Hunting scenes imported from Antwerp were popular
in the early days of the century lately past. An excel-
lent example of these is still extant upon a wall in the Safford
House in Salem. This house was built in 1818, and the

hunting scene was one of the original papers, so that we
can approximate very closely to the time to which it belongs.

124

ps a

Here the colors are still remarkably brilliant, the dark
green of the forest throwing into fine relief the red coats
of the huntsmen and the graceful pose of prancing steed and
yelping hound.

Another Salem house shows a fine example of the series
of related pictures. One entire room is papered with dif-
ferent scenes from the adventures of Don Quixote. This
paper lay in an attic, stored away in rolls, for forty years
before it was hung. Hence it is in a perfect state of pre-
servation. The coloring is in tones of brown upon a cream-
white ground. I regret to state that all subjects chosen
were neither so edifying nor so classical. I recall one French
paper in sepia tones, which portrayed the scenes from the
life history of a French gallant of the Eighteenth Century.
Here might be seen a quarrel over dice, an ‘‘affair of honor,”
a proposal of marriage, an elopement, and like interesting
topics for representation. Each of these scenes was sur-
rounded by rococo scrolls which seemed to form the con-
necting link in the series of adventures.

The Olympic Games made a beautiful and impressive
subject for pictorial paper. Not many specimens of this
are to be found, and this is unfortunate, as the choice of
subject and its excution combine to make this paper, per-
haps, most artistic of all. The coloring is in tones of brown.
Any of the paper which exists was imported from France
before the year 1800. I have seen but one room papered
with this—a parlor in Keene, New Hampshire, but I have
heard of one other similar series.

Another very interesting subject along these lines be-
longs twenty-five years later and depicts scenes from “The

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Marine landscape wall-paper in the house of Mrs. G. Perry, Newburyport, Massachusetts

April, 1912

Lady of the Lake’”—vThe Chase, The Gathering of the
Clans, and Blanche of Devon’s Prophecy. Highland scen-
ery makes this landscape paper truly picturesque. Natural
scenery was a favorite theme in the landscape papers of
the early Nineteenth Century. One of these is a Venetian
scene from the old Wheelright house in Newburyport,
Mass. This fine old house, now used as an Old Ladies’
Home, was built nearly a hundred years ago by an ancestor
of William Wheelright, who built the first railroad across
the Andes. This paper seems still untouched by time. The
chariot-race, found on another room in the same house is
made ludicrous by the lack of harmony between the costumes
of the human figures and their environment. It is as if
a number of well-meaning Englishmen and Englishwomen
had been transplanted to Rome and set back about eigh-
teen hundred years. The Bay of Naples was a very favorite
theme for repetition upon the walls, and surely, if any
theme could bear indefinite repetition, it might well be a
scene as lovely as that!

Scenes from Paris were much in vogue during the times
when France was in high favor, during Washington’s Ad-
ministration, as well as that of John Adams. It went under
a slight cloud soon after, as any student of history will
remember !

“The Seasons”? makes a fine landscape paper, still to be
seen on the walls of a library in Hanover, N. H. It is
perhaps of a little later date than those in our illustrations,
but would belong to the same period. ‘The four walls of
the room represent the four successive seasons, pictured in
neutral tint, with no sharp contrasts, but only a gentle

‘it -oud

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 126

covered with a hand-painted
decoration, now too worn and
tarnished to bear photo-
graphic reproduction. It rep-
resents landscape with water-
falls and a variety of natural
scenery. These hand-paint-
ings were the forerunners of
landscape paper in our coun-
try. In the very earliest days
the walls of the log-cabin
were left in a state of nature,
save as the chinks between
the logs were stopped with
clay. When sawmills became
common and houses were
boarded outside and plast-
ered within, a coat of white-
wash for walls and ceiling
was their usual decoration.

After the whitewash failed
to satisfy the growing esthetic
sense of the home-makers,
the fashion turned to queer
stenciled effects, and then to
hand - painted decorations.
The earliest examples of this
were simple repetitions of
some favorite—a rose, a
poppy, a violet, or a pink.
in her own home with similar From these it was but a step
landscape paper. She sent = : _. to the reproduction of “the
a skilled designer to Salem Early wall-paper, showing influence of the Empire style human form divine.” Then
purposely to obtain a copy, came the complete landscape,
and then had the model reproduced by a well-known artist. with its scenic presentations of nature, and then they were

In the hallway of the houselast mentioned, the walls are ready to appreciate the real merits of the landscape paper.

harmonious passing from
sowing to cutting the hay,
from haying to reaping the
harvest, from harvesting to
the falling of the snow and
the echo of sleigh bells.
Scenes along a French boule-
vard belong to the same time
as the scenes from Paris.
The Pantheon at Rome is
very accurately represented,
as are various cathedrals,
and even the Alhambra.
Sometimes the natural scen-
ery consists of mere fancy
sketches, repeated as a unit
of design. Such a paper was
to be found until recently on
the walls of the Lindell-
Andrews house in Salem,
built in 1740. It had four
different scenes from nature,
rich in foliage, all in tones of
sepia, repeated in order
about the room. A lady
from Rhode Island was visit-
ing at this house, and was
consumed with admiration
for this old paper. She de-
termined to decorate a room

: — a 2
PE a weirs

SEM ce

SE 2s i i as ac es

—r- Ea

PA 2 vz PSEA LOT

An old-time wall-paper, showing a pastoral design influenced by the classic spirit

126 AMERICAN HOMIS

i me

wt e

Demin seael|
THE RELATION OF OUTBUILDI]
eee ces Ol

HE home-builder who has settled upon the plan for}
his house will probably find that the style for the |
dwelling is by no means the
only building problem confront-
ing him. The modern _ house,
whether it be a small -one or
one of pretentious proportions, will, in all
probability, require other buildings comple-
mentary to it to complete the home architectural
group. There will be the stable, or the garage—
both perhaps—various sheds, the outside store-
house, poultry houses and the outbuildings in
general that are requisite to the convenience of
a permanent domicile. The wise home-builder
and the thorough architect has come to appre-
ciate the fact that harmonizing the outbuildings
with the dwelling house is one of the most im-
portant matters for serious consideration in plan-
ning the premises for ultimate effectiveness. One
style of architecture throughout any group of
buildings lends to them a strength of architec-
tural purpose, as it were, that adds greatly to the distinctiveness and
attractiveness of any home surroundings.. The reader will see dis-
played upon these pages various types of dwellings and their .ad-

OEE ERTIES ae

THER

Soy GSS

hin

Pa 7 Tn "

TUTE

$$ AND GARDENS on

Sp?

5,
i | i

ee hoe wae, ii
i $43 > wom itis
t Sues MMB gain a

iy ih fs i

ees

= ~F THE D\ HE DWELLING “HOUSE
=o Ole

jacent =a and one notes how much more interesting the
chalet-like house is for having its nearby garage and outside servant
quarters designed along the same general lines,
or the half-timber house for having its stable and :
gardener’s cottage carried out in half-timber style
likewise. The early builders in America had an
eye for this sort of thing and planned their out-
buildings to harmonize with their houses. One
does not quickly forget the charm of the English
village where its cottages present outbuildings
usually in accord with their design, which pro-
duces an aspect at once harmonious and attrac-
tive. Of course, the material employed in build-
ing the dwelling will often determine the group-
ing of the outbuildings. A Dutch Colonial frame
house, for instance, can properly be connected
by covered passageways with the various out-
buildings about it. One has only to recall Mount
Vernon to bring to mind the successful arrange-
ment there of the colonnades uniting the service
wings. With stucco houses all the buildings of the
yremises may properly be brought into relationship by actually con-
1ecting them, whereas with the half-timber or even with the brick
1ouse, the scheme of separated buildings is more pleasing to the eye.

SE EDEL LID DE SELB. EEDA TE

ELIE ILD ELECT TOD IIT

126

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

peijocoodpooon fy

RELATION OF OUTBUILDIN

Sats ©

fe c00ctBoccok [|

HE DWELLING HOUSE

feovoesgocco el fa ocooioooo ka

his house will probably find that t
dwelling is by no means the
only building problem confront-
ing him. The modern house,
whether it be a small-one or
one of pretentious proportions, will, in all
probability, require other buildings comple-
mentary to it to complete the home architectural
group. There will be the stable, or the garage—
both perhaps—various sheds, the outside store-
house, poultry houses and the outbuildings in
general that are requisite to the convenience of
a permanent domicile. The wise home-builder
and the thorough architect has come to appre-
ciate the fact that harmonizing the outbuildings
with the dwelling house is one of the most im-
portant matters for serious consideration in plan-
ning the premises for ultimate effectiveness. One
style of architecture throughout any group of
buildings lends to them a strength of architec-

HE home-builder who has settled aye the plan for

jacent outbuildings, and one notes how much more interesting the
chalet-like house is for having its nearby garage and outside servant

|
|

quarters designed along the same general lines,
or the half-timber house for having its stable and
gardener'’s cottage carried out in half-timber style
likewise. The early builders in America had an
eye for this sort of thing and planned their out-
buildings to harmonize with their houses. One
does not quickly forget the charm of the English
village where its cottages present outbuildings
usually in accord with their design, which pro-
duces an aspect at once harmonious and attrac-
tive. Of course, the material employed in build-
ing the dwelling will often determine the group-
ing of the outbuildings. A Dutch Colonial frame
house, for instance, can properly be connected
by covered passageways with the various out-
buildings about it. One has only to recall Mount
Vernon to bring to mind the successful arrange-
ment there of the colonnades uniting the service
wings. With stucco houses all the buildings of the

tural purpose, as it were, that adds greatly to the distinctiveness and premises may properly be brought into relationship by actually con-
attractiveness of any home surroundings.. The reader will see dis- necting them, whereas with the half-timber or even with the brick
played upon these pages various types of dwellings and their ad- house, the scheme of separated buildings is more pleasing to the eye.

Z NNN i mn

MN)

128

; =r : i - ete oe
ARARAS = af

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Igi2

A House With a History

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the Author

WHERE is something especially attractive
about the quaint old-time house, here de-
scribed, situated far back from the gaze of
passersby, in the midst of beautiful grounds,
which has preserved intact, through all the
years, its original characteristics. It stands
of past simplicity in its environment of

an expression
modern hurry and progressiveness, but the contrast is in-

clined to be much in its favor.
comfort is the chief keynote in its
construction with due regard given
to suitable artistic properties, and
as a result it is most distinctive with
an air of elegance not always seen,
perhaps, in homes of more recent
construction—an example of care-
ful thought and able, earnest labor.
Houses of this type are compara-
tively rare to-day and it is more or
less in the nature of an unusual oc-
currence that one is found still re-
taining all its old-time interest.
Such houses are all too often torn
down to make way for modern
dwellings of up-to-date construc-
tion, or else are remodeled to suit
the present day taste, and while in
the latter event they usually serve
their purpose well, and still show
many of the characteristics of their
early period, they never quite seem
the same.

Numbered among the really few
genuinely old dwellings is one at
Groveland, Massachusetts, known

Solidity and unbounded

The quaint old gateway entrance

as the Savory House, which in no way has lost its original
lines, and which dates back to pre-Revolutionary days. It
is one of the typical, old-time homes combining in construc-
tion some rather unusual features, and presents both an
exterior and an interior practically unchanged from the date
of construction, early in the Fighteenth Century. It
came into the possession of the Parker family in 1777, hav-
ing been purchased by one Moses Parker, the great-grand-
father of the present owner, who obtained it for the con-
sideration of one thousand pounds
sterling, and it has since sheltered
five generations of the same family,
indirect descent. Inthe days of the
first Mr. Parker’s occupancy, it
was the favorite haunt of many of
the most prominent men of the
times, Mr. Parker being the chosen
leader of all town affairs, as well
as one of the prominent men of the
day.

The house differs somewhat in
construction from the old-time,
square-frame Colonial dwelling, in-
asmuch as it has a wing-like pro-
jection at one end, and two front
doors. This latter feature seems
especially unusual, though not with-
out significance, for each door has
its special use. The one in the
main part of the house (a very
handsome entrance, finely propor-
tioned, the heavy door adorned
with a quaint brass knocker, highly
polished) was used as the com-
pany entrance only. This opened

April,

IgI2

The sitting-room still retains its aspect of hospitality

upon a hall, from which one entered the carefully-guarded
parlor, opened only on the rarest of occasions, namely, in
the event of marriage, death or ministerial call, while the
other entrance in the wing portion was the family entrance,
which afforded access to the more commonly used family
apartments.

Outlining the main part of the house is a high Colonial
fence, the gateposts topped with massive hand-made urns,
and at the rear is a courtyard with a small building at one
end. This building is particularly interesting, with its
domed windows and handsomely carved arched entrances.
It is of the same date of construction as the dwelling, the
only change from its original condition being the absence
of one chimney, which was removed to make extra room
for some needed requirement. Beyond the shed and ex-
tending to the street boundary, is the orchard, abounding
in apple, pear and plum trees, and beside it is the old-time
garden, which still retains its wealth of Sweet Alyssum,
Mignonette and other old-fashioned flowers, so popular in
our grandmother’s day, laid out in primitive beds and bor-
ders, among which it is a delight to wander.

Within, the house is a very treasure trove of antiques.
Rich old furniture abounds and finds a suitable setting in the
large, low stud-
ded, square
rooms, with their
handsomely carv-
ed woodwork,
and within the
deep built-in cup-
boards and
closets quantities
of wonderful old
china are stored,
the whole doubly
cherished as wed-
ding gifts of
brides of long

ago.
The main hall-
way, with its

wealth of panel-
ed woodwork and
beautiful hand-
carved balus-
trade, still shows
the quaint guests’
candles standing
on a small table

RAARAMUULA?

sien ay if
= Sime :

A corner of the stairhall, with its fine old chairs

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 129

fed i;

Kia ri | ie

Pe ee

The i aodWark Rea the ee is most interesting

in the stairway, which were used to light the way of visitors
to the house in early times. The chairs which are shown
in the wall are carefully cherished, being part of the wed-
ding furniture of great-great-grandmother Parker and were
brought from England by one of the first of the family
to live in America. ‘These chairs, as will be seen from illus-
trations accompanying this article, are especially fine.

Opening out of the hallway of the Parker house is the
old-time parlor, this room being now in general use. Here
the furnishings consist of beautiful old-time pieces, which,
if they could but speak, would no doubt unfold many an
interesting tale of past history. At one side of the room is
a wide, deep fireplace, flanked on either side by paneled
walls. This is one of the dominating features of this home-
like room and the cheery glow of the great oak logs, as
they burn on the ancient andirons, no doubt creates in the
minds of the household, as they sit before it, many a wraith
of old-time faces.

From one side of the well-lighted living-room, with its
quaint many-paned windows set in broad sills, filled in the
Winter time with old-fashioned posies, leads an apartment
now used as a den. Here one side-wall is entirely lined
with built-in cupboards, the doors of which are of glass,
showing to ad-
vantage the ex-
quisite sets of
rare old Lowes-
toft and Staftord-
shire ware, as
well as beautiful
glassware, all of
which were wed-
ding presents to
the first Mrs. Par-
ker, more than
one hundred and
thirty years ago.
No - finer ex
amples than these
of china of this
sort are to be
found in all New
England. W on-
derful old prints
hang on the walls
of the den, treat-
ing of subjects of
long ago, and old
books, most of

130

them of the most ancient type, fill the
bookcases which line two sides of
the room. The furniture is all of
the great-grandmother’s time, and to-
gether with the other equipment lends
an air of rich simplicity, which is most
restful to the guest who is fortunate
enough to partake of the hospitality
of the comfortable home.

The dining-room of the Parker
house should be given more than pass-
ing attention, as it is in many respects
the most interesting of all the rooms.
Its equipment includes a magnificent
old-fashioned sideboard, with beauti-
fully carved legs, this being laden
with some of the choicest pieces of
china and cut glass, Windsor chairs
and an old pulpit chair, used by an
early ancestor who was the pastor of
the Groveland Church, while within
the deep enclosed cupboards innum-
erable pieces of wonderful old china
are stored, including a complete din-
ner set of Canton-ware of early make.
This set of china differs greatly from
many others of this make, and it is
said to be the only one of its sort to
be found in America, the blue being
of a much darker, richer shade and
the pattern different from those usu-
ally seen. It was brought over in the
hold of one of the old Newbury-
port merchant ships, having been
made especially to order as a wedding
gift for the bride.

Enough pewter ware for a full din-
ner service can also be seen here anda
quantity of ancestral silver. Among

EE ae

Bits of early pewter-ware are tucked here and there upon the shelves of the various china

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

In this old corner cupboard are stored priceless
examples of early Colonial china that have re-
mained in the Parker family for many decades

cupboards one finds in this

April, 1912

the pieces in the pewter collection
are many fine and unusual examples.
Fortunately this family is one which
has always appreciated these posses-
sions and its various members did not,
as did many elsewhere, destroy objects
of the sort or hold them as of little
worth, as was too oftenthe case. Some
of the choicest pieces date back to the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,
when the popularity of this metal was
at its height. Much of the pewter
bears the excise stamp, a cross and
crown, showing its early origin.
Some of the rarest pieces show three
distinct stamps. The intrinsic value
of this metal may be little, but for the
sake of its rich historic value it is
one of the choicest possessions in the
family.

The deep cupboards and closets of
the Parker home are built in conform-
ity with the general broadness of con-
struction, and the lowness of stud em-
phasizes the spaciousness of dimen-
sion. Large comfortable apartments
are the rule of this dwelling and the-
dining-room follows this general
order. Broad windows looking, out .
into the garden render it bright and
cheerful, this pleasant outlook adding
to its attractiveness.

In one of the chambers above, the
furniture of the original owner is still
used. This includes an old sleigh bed,
a dresser, and several queer little
tables and fine old chairs. One of the
tables is of the Hepplewhite type,
and it still holds two of the candle-

BAS eas a AG et Se NS Sean NN EB ee

very interesting old house

April, 1912

The dining-room, with its original furnishings

sticks, together with a tray holding brass candle snutters,
which was used to light the guest to bed in the days of long
ago. A sampler hangs on one of the walls, which was
worked, when a child, by Moses Parker’s wife, who stitched
into it many a quaint conceit. All the chambers of this
house show original Colonial fittings, the rooms being kept
as nearly as possible as they wefe in former times.

In the roomy attic under the old-fashioned roof many
choice relics of a bygone age are most carefully preserved.
Chests containing beautiful old gowns and rare curios from
abroad are carefully hoarded. Here in an old hair-covered
trunk, profusely studded with brass-headed tacks, and care-
fully hidden from view the “Lady Catherine” was found.
A most wonderful lady, indeed, dressed in the fashion of
Colonial times, in a fine
white mull, tinted with age
to a beautiful ivory. She
was carefully holding in her
hand a note of introduction,
stating that her name was
“Lady Catherine.” She was
more than a century old and
had no doubt been cherished
so carefully by tiny hands of
long ago that it seemed al-

most sacriligious to with-
draw her from her long
years of obscurity. Also

stored here are several other
well-worn mementoes of
small Parkers of the long
ago.

In this quaint old Savory
house there still exists a
chamber which, in the earlier
days of its history, was com-
pletely shut off from the main
portion of the dwelling, and
the only access then to be had
to it (as old records and let-
ters in the possession of the
Parker family explain) was
from the outside. This was
probably by means of a se-
cret door, traces of which
have come to be destroyed
in later years. The reason
for so mysterious an apart-

AMERICAN HOMES

eae Catherine, a doll of Colonial Gas

AND GARDENS

Ee BI

LNT TTR ER LT TA

on Bi ie aie time Secieeal bedrooms

ment was the fact that here were held in great secrecy nu-
merous Masonic meetings, the proceedings of which were
kept from the more curious of the neighborhood by reason
of the privacy of the chamber and the thickness of the walls
enclosing it. Even in those old days one’s neighbors’ affairs
were matters to occupy the time of the idle, and so the little
group forming the Masonic element of Groveland’s early
society chose their meeting place in the protected spot af-
forded by the arrangement of the Savory house, which, by
reason of its private ownership, placed it beyond the bounds
of unwelcome intruders.

There is always the charm of mystery about an old house
of this sort that endears it to one, even to the stranger across
its threshold, beyond the knowledge of its authentic histor-
ical associations. So you con-
jure up visions of life in
Colonial days as you turn to
look at it in passing, and his-
tory seems to have for you
on such occasions the sense
of reality.

The sturdy old house com-
plete is both simple and dig-
nified in its outlines, and
typifies strongly the best
principles of early construc-
tion. The sturdiness of its
build is best evidenced in its
excellent preservation, the
underpinning and walls still
standing as staunch as on
the day it was built.

The exact date of its erec-
tion is not definitely known,
though it antedated the
Revolutionary War by a
number of years, for at the
time of the first Mr. Par-
ker’s purchase it was con-
sidered old by residents of
the town. It stands to-day a
distinct landmark in an in-
teresting community, and the
present owner may well feel
proud of her possession, the
sensible touch of Time not
yet marring the outlines or
the air of its age.

A oaeiny)
fi

|
+
:

AMERICAN HOMES

The houscrec te

finds an interesting
exponent of their ap-
plication to the modern suburban
home in the house here illustrated,
the residence of Mr. Max Held, at
Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, de-
signed by Arthur D. Russell, archi-
tect, New York, who also planned
the interior decorations throughout.
In recent years we have come to have
a more intimate acquaintance with
the decorative period which pro-
duced the furniture of Adams,
Sheraton, Chippendale and Hepple-
white, but we have seen less, per-
haps, of the decorative periods ‘pre-
ceding the styles just mentioned, at
least so far as interior work is con-
cerned.

The main motif of the Held house
is that of English design, and both
the exterior and the interior have

been successfully evolved along these...

Nes eicrner aE Brooklyn, ee
A House on English Gothic

WHE charm of the various English styles of
domestic architecture and interior decora-
tion that are coming to appeal very strongly
to the present generation of home builders,

By Harvey L. Reddington
Photographs by T. C. Turner

pa baa

e main entrance to the Held house

AND GARDENS

from the terrace side

April, 1912

Lines

lines without producing anything that detracts from the
homelike quality that every dwelling should possess, and
without the introduction of those bizarre notes that often
tend to throw a sense of modern order into confusion

through a misapplication of period
to place.

The first consideration of the
architect in the present instance was
that of harmonizing the interior of
the house to its exterior, in the mat-
ter of general lines. Then followed
the careful planning of color schemes
for the various rooms, and finally
detail was determined upon. ‘The
floor coverings for each room of the
Held house were especially designed
for the rooms they were to find
place in, the carpets being woven in
deep, rich Austrian hand-tufted fab-
ric. Each piece of furniture in the
Held house was likewise especially
designed to fit the room in which it
was intended to be placed. ‘The
woodwork of the entire first floor
of the house is of oak, rich and
brown in finish, and although gen-
erously utilized, the effect is one

Bai
ie

April, 1912

One of the upper-story sitting-rooms

that in no particular sense is likely to suggest monotony.

This house is entered on its avenue side through a spacious
vestibule, the domed ceiling and side-walls of which are
paneled, the brown wainscoting being patterned with carv-
ing in “‘linen-fold”’ design.

One of the bedrooms

are appropriately filled with stained glass, excellent in de-
sign and rich in color effect.

One steps from the vestibule directly into the living-room
upon the left, two large doors from this opening upon the
library, from which ascends a well-designed stair. A glance

Diag BI Cs BG ASIST ETE

tats tite

The well-lighted living-room

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The windows of this vestibule .

oer

The bedroom used as an upper sitting-room

at the first-floor plan will give the reader an idea of the
very original utilization of floor space in this house, pre-
serving as it does a great unbroken terrace front and pro-
ducing for the interior a delightful sense of spaciousness,
which would not have been possible had the area been

The paneled dining-room
broken up by a central entrance hall. ‘The fenestration of
the house is another point to which attention should be
called. It is regular without monotony, and floods the

house, both lower and upper stories, with sunlight. The
large living-room is carried out in Jacobean style, and has

134

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

a high wainscoting of oak in warmer tones on browns Elizabethan, and while no formal adhesion to period is
surmounted by a decorative frieze.

The dining-room is in the style of English Gothic, having — rived by judicious selection in the furnishings. The various
for its woodwork oak of a somewhat lighter tone. Here hangings in this room are planned to accord with the gen-

the high paneled walls are
completed with _ tapestry
hangings and a painted
frieze. The motif of the rug
of rich green is based upon
the Gothic style of the room
and completes its harmony,
to which the chair-coverings
likewise lend _ themselves.
The large fireplace in this
room has its hearthside faced
with tiles of green faience,
and the andirons as well as
other hardware in this room
are) or Gothic design. “A:
conservatory opens off from
the dining-room to the left
of the fireplace, and in the
warmer seasons this room is
used as a breakfast-room.
The library is one of the
most interesting rooms in the
house. Its walls are paneled
with soft brown silk above
the wainscoting of oak. The

maintained here, the sense of harmony and comfort is de-

eral brown color scheme and

——

take their note from the wall
fabrics. The valances and

curtains have gold fabric pat-
tern appliqué and are very
rich in effect. In this library
we find hung a few well-
chosen pictures, but this is
the only room on the first
floor so adorned.

The second story contains
five bedrooms, bathrooms
and hallways. One of these
rooms serves as a sitting-
room and one as a den.

Mies

These are both most striking
in their being furnished in
the Egyptian style. The rug
has a center of Alexandrian
red surrounded by a border,
the principal motif of which
is the Lotus flower. The
other colors introduced in
this striking floor- covering

Plan of the first and second stories are bright yellows, greens,

rug is woven in colors that are soft and rich—a plain center blues and grays. The walls are covered with leather of a
of brown and a border worked out in self-tones. A glance warm gray tone, and the woodwork is in silver finish. All

at the first-floor plan will show that this room is well lighted, the furniture is finished in vert antique, and given the sug-
both by the windows opening upon the terrace and by the gestion of old metal in its finish, thus bringing it in keeping
square bay of the stairway. The furniture of the library is with what the decorator might designate as the Egyptian style.

FETED LIED I a a

A terrace overhung with vines runs along nearly the whole of one side of the house

April, 1912

RS peer sar

MEE LI

The saddle horse should be considered an indispensable adjunct to every complete American suburban home, and riding a national pastime

AMERICAN HOMES A

LL LN NS EE

ND GARDENS 135

The Saddle Horse for the Country Home

By Herbert J. Krum, Editor The Saddle and Show Horse Chronicle
Photographs by T. C. Turner and Others

a|S AN adjunct to the complete suburban home,
nothing is more indispensable than the sad-
dle horse. It forms an integral part of every
establishment that has even the remotest
flavor of the suburbs connected with it.
Saddle horses are no longer used, as they
were in early days, for a means of transportation, as they
have been superseded by the more modern inventions of the
motor car and the electric trolley. But, nevertheless, the
place that the saddle horse has in the economy of modern
affairs is one both unique and necessary,
and from which there is not the slightest
danger of his ever being usurped.

The question of breeding horses, either
as a business or as a pastime, has long
been one which has engaged the favor and
attention of some of the keenest minds our
country has produced, and as regards some
kinds of horses, especially those available
for racing purposes, there has long at-
tached a halo of romance and a spirit of
mysticism born of the uncertainty of the
results that has seemed to lend a never-
ending fascination to the subject. The
racing of horses, of the kind used either
under saddle or in harness, has always
been a most precarious sport. It is un-
questionably true that eighty per cent. of
the horses in the United States are bred
at an absolute loss to the original breeder.
The number of those horsemen who have
achieved affluence as a result of their
horse-breeding activities is scant in com-
parison with those who have met disap-
pointment and financial loss, if not utter
ruin. Nothing in all this, however, is to

say that the breeding of horses as a business proposition
is not one which can be carried on with a measurable cer-
tainty of financial profit and reward. It has seldom hap-
pened that people who have engaged in the business of
breeding horses have done so from any other reason than
of innate liking of the horse himself; and it has still more
rarely been the case that where a person has engaged in
this work he has applied thereto any of the business prin-
ciples which alone could make for success in this or any
other line of human activity. It would appear axiomatic
that there is no reason in the world why
a person should not be able to deal in
horses as a merchandise upon the same
basis of profit and loss as would attach to
any other commodity. The principles of
selection and the operation of the laws of
cause and effect are things that are lost
sight of by the average person who en-
gages in the horse business. Such persons
have an ideal of their own which they wish
to perpetuate regardless of any such con-
siderations as market demand or the
suitability of the animals if successfully
produced for the purposes for which they
might be exchanged for coin of the realm.
Most unfortunately, it is true that horse
breeding experiments are largely uncer-
tain. Undoubtedly there is in the horse
world a law which governs and controls
the production of horses after their own
kind. The great trouble with breeders
has been that they have been unable to
learn what the law is or in what manner

~ 268 its operations may be controlled and made

Every American child apould be taught manifest.
to ride, and to ride well

It is true that no other form of live-

136

stock presents so many engaging aspects as does the pro-
duction of fine horses. There is very little trouble and only
a minimum of expense attached thereto, and any person who
is in the possession of a suburban home can successfully
breed and raise horses, and do so with both personal pleas-
ure and financial profit, provided he has the instinctive
horsemanship without which no success in these lines is pos-
sible under any circumstances.

Saddle horses present a peculiarly attractive form of the
horse problem. The future of the animal is permanently
secured. Nothing can take its place. There is nothing
else that anyone can use for saddle horse purposes with
equal satisfaction or benefit. The saddle horse does not
come into competition with the motor car nor with any other
means of locomotion. He is of his own kind and remains
alone in the field of his own domain.

There is no other form of human activity aie com-
bines in equal measure the ee of convenience,
beneficial exercise and health-
ful exhilaration. To the per-
son to whom the horse idea
is not an. utter stranger,
horseback riding is pure
amusement. In comparison
with other forms of exercise
it has advantages of its own.
In the first place, it takes one
into the open air, of neces-
sity, and therefore has the
advantage of any kind of in-
door or gymnastic exercises
or forms of recreation. As
compared with golf or any
of the outdoor sports that
are open to the city man, or
the person of _ sedentary
habits, it is convenient.
One’s saddle horse may be
brought to one’s door before
a ride and left there after it
is finished. The advantages
of horseback riding are so
manifold and so various as
to well nigh be impossible of
enumeration. It is not ex-
tremely violent and may be
graduated to suit the need of
themrider. lt 1s\-a. pleasure
and a benefit in which every
member of the family can participate with equal advantage
and either singly or together. The head of the household
mounted on a high strung, proudly stepping horse; his
wife upon another comparable to the efficiency of her
equestrianism; and so on down through the various mem-
bers of the family until, perhaps, the little tot upon her pony
scarce larger than a Newfoundland dog, may frequently
be seen in various parts of the country morning, noon or
evening. While the exercise is not violent, it is of that
particular kind and character that starts the blood with an
exhilarated circulation; that stirs the torpid liver, and with
its constant gentle shaking puts the flesh into a condition of
healthy hardness; makes the filling of the lungs with the
pure ozone of the outdoor air compulsory in a slightly
accentuated manner, and brings the glow of health to the
cheek of man, matron and maid. It is full of the charm
of diversity. One rides east to-day, and west to-morrow
The hunt across a wild country, for instance, will give one
a glorious pastime, responding to the most daring of ven-
turesome spirits. And with it all, the horseback journey,
even alone is full of the companionship of a congenial

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

| SSSR ee TCR Baas ee noe ESSE OD

Riding is a most exhilarating pastime for the American woman

April, 1912
comrade. Saddle horses are undoubtedly the highest de-
velopment of equine intelligence, and are as varied in their
moods and humors as are their riders. They are compan-
ionable to an almost unbelievable degree, and are full of
understanding and responsive affection. Occasionally they
are full of animosity, and some horses dislike some men
with as real and genuine evidence of dislike as exists between
uncongenial members of the human family.

As nothing can supplant the saddle horse, or take the
place of the various uses for which he is available, it will,
perhaps, be fitting to enumerate some of the requisites of
this class in their best estate. A rather curious condition
exists in the United States regarding the subject of saddle
horses. What is meant by the term “‘saddle horse’ is de-
termined almost entirely by the matter of geographical loca-
tion. Kentucky has long been known as the home of the
best ones of all kinds, and the source from which they
come. ‘There are numerous other states, however, in which
just as good, though, per-
haps, not so many, fine speci-
mens are produced. But in
Kentucky, and, _ generally
speaking, throughout the
West, a saddle horse is an
animal that under the saddle
performs a variety of differ-
ent gaits that are technically
recognized and very thor-
oughly distinguished. In the
East, however; and, gener-
ally speaking, in metropoli-
tan cities, but most especially
in New York, what is known
as a saddle horse is an en-
tirely different sort of a
creature than is the animal
so called in Kentucky. The
reason for this variance is
found in the fact that mat-
ters in our larger cities that
are under the dictum of the
arbiters of fashion follow
and approximate those
things which obtain in Great
Britain. An Englishman, of
course, has a certain kind of
riding horse which is as far
removed as possible from
the entity known as such
just south of the Ohio River. The reason for this is found
in the various uses for which horses are used for tne same
purpose in these localities; but certain leaders of metropoll-

_tan society follow as closely as possible the customs and man-

ners of our English cousins and, therefore, though they may -
buy their horses at home, they get the sort that most nearly
approach those used by riders across the water. There a
horse walks and trots and canters. He is shorn of his mane
and denuded of his tail. He is a rather plain horse of only
a medium style of carriage, of solid conformation and up
to carrying good weight. He must be tough and enduring,
as he is used solely for rough and hard usage.. In Kentucky.
on the other hand, the saddle horse is distinguished first
of all by great beauty of form and graceful appearance.
both in outline and carriage. The early derivation of the
breed found him a mixture of thoroughbred and pacing
bloods, and this caused a tendency toward an ambling gait
which was found very easy and congenial to the rider hav-
ing to go long distances over such roads as were passable in
those days. These tendencies toward easy gaits have been
perpetuated and accentuated in the descendants of the early

April, 1912

ancestors of the breeds, and a type of horse, and the pres-
ence either latent or developed of these gaits, has been
fixed by breeding, development and training. So that in a
typical Kentucky saddle horse there is in addition to the
walk, trot and canter, which are common to all breeds of
horses, other gaits known technically as the rack, or single
foot, running, walk, fox trot and stepping pace. To the un-
trained rider, or one unfamiliar with them, they present at
first some difficulties, but are found to be, upon acquaintance,
almost ideal for purposes of the equestrian. In Kentucky
the glory of a saddle horse is in an extremely spirited and
brilliant appearance, a graceful waving mane, and a great,
gorgeous tail floating in the breeze and carried high.

Kentucky dealers, however, have yielded to the demands
of the Eastern trade and have curtailed the tendency of
many of their best horses toward the multi-gaits. They
have also introduced plucking, docking and restricting the
movements to three gaits favored by social custom in metro-
politan centers. Practically all of the champions at Eastern
horse shows, with but a few exceptions of thoroughbred
blood, have been Kentucky bred and gaited horses, taught
to forget their other gaits and shown as walk, trot and
canter specimens.

Saddle horses of both kinds, as they are known in this
country, have always been far fewer than the demand, con-
sequently they have always had a very considerable value
and at no time in the past has the average value of the best
specimens of riding horse been higher than it is just now.

Dealers in the East and in all large cities are constantly
visiting Kentucky and other states where these horses are
numerously bred, in search of specimens suitable for their
clientage athome. They are generally obliged to pay pretty
high prices for their purchases at first hand and this is par-

bg ee Se a TS es a I oe oer a ere

“

a 5

Saddle horses are undoubtedly the highest development of equine

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

&.
=,

intelligence, and are as varied in their moods as are, perhaps, their

137

ticularly true if the horses they select have been developed
to anything like the finer state. A very considerable num-
ber of Kentucky dealers and those from other parts of the
country make a regular custom of sending shipments of
their best animals to the markets two or three times a
year in the large cities in the East and elsewhere and dis-
posing of them there at public or private sale. But the suc-
cessful breeding and developing of saddle horses is of neces-
sity by no means restricted to Kentucky or any other place,
though naturally there are certain advantages in the favored
Bluegrass district, but just as good horses can be bred and
developed in Virginia, New York, Massachusetts, or almost
anywhere else as is true of even the most favored districts
in Kentucky or Missouri. The person who has anything
like an adequate suburban home anywhere, and who has
the natural instinct of horsemanship, without which suc-
cess would be impossible wherever he may be, has all the
requisites of breeding saddle horses successfully either for
his pleasure or his business profit.

The ideal saddle horse is an animal between 15-1 and
15-3 hands, though horses either smaller or larger are used
for these purposes according to the person who intends to
employ them. It is particularly true of saddle horses that
“there is no good horse of a bad color,” though bays,
browns and chestnuts are those most highly favored, and
the question of white markings on feet and face is one de-
termined by individual preference. A good saddle horse
must have a good back—short, with strong coupling—and
must have massive shoulders and, particularly for side-
saddle purposes, high, sloping withers; good legs and feet
are indispensable, and a medium amount of action both of
knees and hocks is a prime requisite. Too high action

(Continued on page 144)

EAN ENT SN TEE ATE PEE

ct,

riders

GRAY IN INTERIOR DECORATION

By Harry Martin Yeomans
Photographs by T. C. Turner

mq] N the eternal striving after something differ-
ent, a general revival is taking place in deco-
rative art, as is evidenced by the coming into
use again of lacquered furniture in the Chi-
nese taste and the black chintzes which
accompanied it. The old maple furniture
of the 1840 period, which was not considered worthy of
being gathered in by the collector of old mahogany, is now
being sought after eagerly, and the great interest taken in
painted furniture has brought forward the humble, rush-
bottom, painted chair of our grandmother’s day.

The gray paneled rooms of the Louis XVI period are
reflected in the gray wall-papers which have gradually made
their appearance in the shops. These gray papers are good
in themselves, and are not merely evoked by a passing fancy.
If judiciously selected and properly combined with other
colors, they can be used in almost any room in a house, and
I cannot imagine anything more charming in effect and rest-
ful than a small country house having all of the rooms done
in different tones of gray, relieved, of course, by accessory
colors.

One is apt to think of gray as a very cold color and to
associate it with formal
drawing -rooms, boudoirs
and bedrooms. This erro-
neous impression will be dis-
pelled, however, if one will
bear in mind that a real
gray is not obtained by mix-
ing black and white, but by
combining yellow and vio-
let, the resultant color being
a warm, vibrant, living
color, which is in reality a
neutralized violet. The
more yellow used in the
combination will give a
warmer and more luminous
gray, and vice versa. When
using this color it is well to
remember that gray is the
most neutral color we have,
and therefore makes an ex-
cellent background and will
combine harmoniously with
almost any color. It is
especially attractive when
used in connection with yel-
low, apple-green, rose-pink

The candle-lamp shaded

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to ;
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

April, 1912

ome Decoration. Stamps

or mulberry.

In rooms where gaily-colored cretonnes and
chintzes are used in draperies and upholstery, restful gray
walls will counteract the effect of these highly decorative
fabrics.

Gray is especially suited to a country house and gives an
air of spaciousness and repose. There are so many varieties
of gray papers now that a monotonous effect will not result

from decorating a whole house in this color. There are the
plain gray cartridge papers, narrow and wide stripe effects
in self-toned papers, the chambray and oatmeal papers, the
basket weaves and the always delightful gray tapestry effects
which are being reproduced after old Colonial wall-papers.
Ivory-white makes an ideal finish for the woodwork ina gray
room, and one can hardly imagine any other combination so
delightfully fresh and clean in appearance. Rooms situated
on the northeastern side of the house should have the warm
yellow grays, the cool grays being reserved for the rooms
having a southern exposure. Additional color can be intro-
duced by having over-curtains of golden-yellow or rose-pink,
and repeating this same color in cushions and lampshades,
and flowered cretonnes and chintzes will lend color to a
gray scheme which needs to be livened up. In bedrooms, a
narrow cut-out frieze of pink or yellow roses will give a
touch of color.

On account of its neutrality, gray is an excellent color for
a hall connecting the different rooms of a house decorated
in various colors. In a
sitting-room in a country
house a gray oatmeal paper
was run up to the ceiling
and finished with a mold-
ing. All of the wood trim
was painted ivory-white and
a two-toned moss-green rug
covered the hardwood floor.
The chairs and settee were
simple wicker shapes,
enameled a soft gray, with
seat-pads and cushions. of
sage-green; the same color
being seen in the China silk
sill-length curtains at the
windows. The tea-table,
desk and desk chair were
built on perfectly straight
lines and stained a gray-
green. The only pictures
used were some Japanese
prints framed in narrow
moldings. ‘Two tall glass
lamps had yellow silk
shades, which added an
agreeable note of color.

The candle-lamp unshaded

April, 1912

The result was a homelike, cheerful, livable room, embody-
ing all of the restful qualities which one expects to find in a
room intended for Summer use. The gray tapestry papers
after Colonial originals are an ideal wall-covering for halls
and dining-rooms, and, as they were originally designed to
be used as a background for mahogany furniture, they are
most appropriate in the Colonial type of house and make a
beautiful setting for furniture of Chippendale, Sheraton and
Hepplewhite design. To controvert the theory that gray 1s
only suitable for boudoirs and bedrooms, the owner of a
recently completed bungalow thought he would try a dif-
ferent color scheme than the brown-stained trim which one
instinctively associates with a bungalow. A gray and yellow
scheme was decided upon, and all of the woodwork was
stained a silver-gray, which brought out the grain and texture
of the wood. The rough plaster walls were tinted a slightly
lighter tone of this color and had a soft velvety appearance.
Most of the furniture was of a simple type, stained gray
and having tapering legs, which resembled those used by
Hepplewhite on his furniture. Two of the comfortable
Chinese hour glass chairs were added, as they seem to be at
home in any company. The curtains were of gray cotton
crépe, sill length, with a narrow band of silver galloon three
inches from the bottom. Gray rag rugs were laid on the
floor, as their texture combined well with the gray-stained
wood. A large chimney breast of gray fieldstones at one
end of the room helped along the color scheme. Brown
corduroy was used to upholster the window-seat, and two
vases with a matt glaze had been made into lamps and fitted
with yellow opalescent glass shades, which added materi-
ally to the attractiveness of this room. Here was an interior
having all of the strong structural characteristics of the
bungalow type of house, but which had lost none of its
dignity and strength on account of being decorated with a
gray color scheme.
A CANDLE-LAMP

HERE is a good substitute for the candle to light the

dining-room table in the lamp shown in the illustration.
It has the virtue of not burning out during a long dinner,
which is not always the case when the imitation candles are
used. The candle part is of porcelain, and holds sufficient
kerosene oil to burn for twelve hours. The top is a minia-
ture lamp, which simply has to be lifted off to be refilled, so
that the top does not have to be unscrewed. It is simplicity

itself, and, as the illustration shows, when the shade has

An ingeniously devised and attractively designed built-in couch arrangement

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

£39

been placed over the little lamp it has the appearance of a
candle, but is far more convenient. They cost fifty-nine cents.
AN INTERESTING COUCH ARRANGEMENT
T is often desirable to have a couch in a living-room, espe-

cially in small houses or apartments, where it could be used
for sleeping purposes in case of emergency, but the detached
appearance of an ordinary couch when placed in a corner or
in the middle of a long wall-space is not very pleasing. A
couch can, however, be treated in such a way as to make it
an agreeable piece of furniture and make one forget that it
is a couch, as shown in the accompanying illustrations.

Two box-like affairs, measuring 30 inches high by 32 inches
deep by 20 inches wide, were built by a carpenter and placed
at each end of a box couch. They were fitted with doors
and shelves and made convenient storage places. Across
the back they were connected by a flat board, extending down
only as far. as the top of the couch, which formed a back
against which the sofa pillows were arranged. ‘This back is
not really necessary, as the pillows can be placed against the
wall and will effectually hide the place where the couch and
wall meet. These pillows were not made of odds and ends,
arranged in hit-and-miss fashion, but were designed for this
special couch and exactly fitted the space. There are five of
them in all, arranged in a formal manner—three across the
back and one at each end, the middle one at the back being
a little longer than the others. They are of crimson velour
decorated with bands of gold galloon across the ends, and
blend harmoniously with the red tones of the Oriental rug
which covers the couch. ‘This unique couch arrangement is
placed against a verdure tapestry, the blue-green tones of
which make a most beautiful background. In place of the
tapestry, three brown prints framed in flat moldings could
be hung over the couch, a large one exactly in the center and
two smaller ones on either side, which arrangement would
compose well with the couch underneath. The tops of the
boxes make convenient places for books, and a lamp would
be a desirable adjunct. Another feature about this couch
arrangement is the fact that it was built in such a manner
that it could be moved from place to place, as occasion re-
quired, without having to rip it out of its place as one would
have to do were it a bit of the usual sort of “built-in” furni-
ture. Undoubtedly a number of different adaptations of
this arrangement will suggest themselves to the ingenuity
of the home decorator, such as having the box sides
serve as book shelves, or as cabinets fitted with drawers.

Te SSE

APRIL DAYS IN THE GARDEN
Photographs by T. C. Turner, Nathan R. Graves and others

pom || LIEN we turn our kalendars to April’s page

we find busy gardening days listed before
us. Probably we will already have made our
plans, have ordered our seeds, and have been
getting tools furbished up, labels made, and
a garden diary all ready to start. One can-
not be too urgent about this last. The garden beginner who
makes careful notes from day to day, throughout the whole
season of planting and the maturing of flowers and vege-
tables, will find himself at the end of Autumn possessed
with a record of incalculable value. With such a volume at
hand, one’s second year’s gardening will be much simplified.
aside from the pleasure and satisfaction that is to be found

che

=
“2e bes

Dfrrrion.,
¢
Be

~
*@
Sf
a

et.

otf
*
4 eu

There is not a lovelier flower for planting against walls than the common
blue Lupine (Lupinus perennis) of the countryside

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
Around the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

in keeping a careful day-to-day diary of gardening operations.
Y the first week in April the garden beginner should put
a manurial dressing on the plot that is to become the
vegetable garden. Asparagus and Rhubarb beds must also
have manurial coverings, or have nitrate of soda applied to
them as a fertilizer.
: HEN the earth is fit for digging—that, of course, is
when all danger of frost is past—the garden can be
ploughed or spaded. Beans, Corn, Vines and Tomatoes
must not go into the ground so early, but seeds of hardy
vegetables may be sown. An early garden is always worth
the effort, though judgment must be exercised in fitting its
planting to the exigencies of the season in the various lo-
calities of America. Roses should be sprayed with whale
oil soap towards the end of the month, and then one may
thin out the various perennial flower plants by dividing the
roots.
PRIL, ever famous for its sudden changes of tempera-
ture, leads us to be on the alert, which means that we
must never have an unexpected frost find us unprepared
to protect our newly planted things, or hotbeds and cold-
frames from it. Those perennials which will bloom this
season if given an early enough start may now be planted
by sowing their seed in coldframes without delay. As this
will advance their maturity a whole season, the garden be-
ginner will find it well worth his while to consider the matter
of building hotbeds and coldframes as permanent adjuncts
to his garden.
ANNUALS FOR CUT FLOWERS
T is probably true that all flowers, whether they be an-
nuals or perennials, are lovely as cut flowers for adorn-
ing the house inside. However, in response to the request
of one of our readers, we give the following list of varieties
which every garden, no matter how small, should include:
Ten-weeks Stock, Sweet Peas, Nasturtiums, Coreopsis,
China Aster, Sweet Alyssum, Mignonette, Gaillardia, Pansy,
Phlox, Poppy, Zinnia, Dianthus and Marigold. Of course,
it must be borne in mind that many other lovely flowers are
available for cutting purposes, but no garden will quite seem
complete which does not contain all the flowers listed.
CONCERNING THE LUPINE
VERY garden beginner will do well to consider the
advantages of employing the Lupine when planning the
home garden. Whether the landscape is confined to a vista
of limited premises or not, clumps of our native Lupine
will add to the effectiveness of any planting scheme. The
Lupine has an interesting history, deriving its name from
the Latin word for a wolf—lupus—because it was believed
that the Lupine destroyed the fertility of the soil in which
it was found growing. The Lupine produces in its varieties
blue, white and yellow flowers, but the blue-flowered va-
riety is the loveliest. While the Lupine succeeds poorly in
a soil that contains an abundance of lime, it will grow al-

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 141

most anywhere else, bloom-

ing abundantly in its season.

The florist’s Lupines form a

group of hybrids by them-

selves and are well worth ex-
perimenting with.

THE GARDENER’S LIBRARY
HILE it is true that
experience is, after all,

the most reliable source for
constructive information, it
is equally true that the ex-
periences of others carefully
recorded and authoritatively
presented must not be dis-
regarded by the garden-
maker who would hope to
achieve the best results in
the shortest possible time.

rooms; No. 218, The School
Garden; No. 220, Toma-
toes; No. 257, Soil Fertility.
In addition to the bulletins
enumerated above, the gar-
den-maker should add to his
library a standard work on
soils, one on fertilizers, a
comprehensive manual of
gardening, and other vol-
umes to which he can turn
for assistance when he finds
himself in a quandary, or for
obtaining a more comprehen-
sive knowledge of some
phase of gardening in which
he happens to become espe-
cially interested, such as
Celery culture or Rose grow-

Intelligence is the only short The value of hardy climbing Roses for planting around the house is here ing. As books on garden-

cut to anything, and so the
more we learn about gardening in gen-
eral and in particular, the better equipped
we are to find the most direct means of
accomplishing the results that stand
ahead of us as an incentive to interest
ourselves in gardening at all. This
serves to introduce the suggestion that
every garden lover, whether he be of a
bookish turn of mind or not, ought to
have at least a small collection of books
on gardens, garden-making and horti-
culture in general. Aside from the con-
crete knowledge such volumes by men
of experience in such subjects contain—
knowledge one may verify by one’s own
experiences—works of the sort contain
suggestive material that will inspire the
garden-maker to blaze trails for himself
through the thickets of horticultural
perplexities. In the March number of
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS the
editor pointed out the value to every
garden-worker and home-maker of the
various State Experiment
Stations of the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, and in
connection with the present
subject attention may like-
wise be directed to the great
usefulness of the various bul-
letins of the Department—
bulletins on horticultural and
agricultural subjects—to be
obtained gratis upon applica-
tion to the Department at
Washington. Among the
bulletins issued the following
will prove of especial interest
to the home garden-maker:
No. 185, Beautifying the
Home Grounds; No. 248,
The Lawn; No. gg, Insect
Enemies of Shade Trees;
No. 127, Important Insecti-
cides; No. 154, the Home
Fruit Garden; No. 156, The
Home Vineyard; No. 181,
Pruning; No. 195, Annual
Flowering Plants; No. 204,
The Cultivation of Mush-

well illustrated

The sloping triangular corner here shown was walled and brought to a
level with the lawn back of it, a pergola being added, furnishing a

delightful outlook.

ing subjects are apt to have
constant handling and somewhat hard
usage (as one will often wish to
carry them out into the garden itself for
the purpose of “study upon the spot’’),
it will be well to have all one’s garden
books of a practical sort rebound in
stout bindings that will protect the vol-
umes against the wear and tear to which
they will necessarily be always subjected.
PRUNING FRUIT TREES
READER of AMERICAN HoMEs
AND GARDENS writes to ask the
best time for pruning fruit trees. For
the Peach, late Spring is the best prun-
ing time. The pruning should then be
undertaken just before the beginning of
the new season’s growth. February and
March are not, generally speaking, too
early for Apple and Pear tree pruning,
while Grapevines should be pruned in
the late Fall or early Winter months.
Generally speaking, orchard fruit trees
should be pruned late in Winter or early
in Spring. In this connec-
tion, it will be well for the
garden beginner to make a
study of the sorts of buds of
different fruit trees in order
that he may learn to distin-
guish between the varieties
of fruit trees by this means,
when the first appearance of
the budding occurs.
YELLOW ROSES
Hardy Yellow Roses will
interest every garden-
maker. The following varie-
ties are especially recom-
mended for any garden:
Persian Yellow (the old-
fashioned Yellow Rose);
Yellow Banksia (hardy
climbing) ; Yellow Rambler
(Aglaia); Blumenschmidt
(Cochet type); Goldfinch
(hardy climbing); Maman
Cochet; Clara Jacquier;
Harrison’s Yellow; and
Etoile de Lyon (hardy ever-
blooming Tea).

BESS SM See

TOOLS FOR HOUSEKEEPING

By Elizabeth Atwood
Recipes and photographs by Mary H. Northend

| 1 IS strange how many very good house-
keepers are careless about the “‘tools’’ of
their routine work, both in regard to the
completeness of equipment and in the care
of them. If, for comparison, you take a
a peep into a carpenter’s chest of tools you
will find everything there bright and shining. Do you sup-
pose the carpenter would go to work with a rusty saw, the
teeth needing setting and sharpening? Do you think he
would try to use a plane that was not sharp? In short, be-
fore he begins a job he takes care that the contents of his
tool-chest are in good order. Is his work any more im-
portant than the daily work carried on in any kitchen? I
am sure it is not; but the carpenter realizes that in order to
do a good job with profit to himself he must have his tools
in such shape that he can go about his work with them
quickly and surely.

It is the old story—almost any thing will do, as long as
it holds together, is allowed to serve in the average kitchen,
or in connection with the care of the house. This, however,
is far from being true econ-
omy. Just because a maid is
paid to do the work, it is
often assumed by the inex-
perienced or _ thoughtless
housewife that she can take
extra time to rub the lint off
from each tumbler that ac-
cumulates by reason of the
old worn cloth given her to
do service as a towel. It may
be true that the maid is
expected to do what is placed
before her to do, but she
should have things in such
shape that her work may be
facilitated, not retarded. If
this were realized more fully
by all housewives, there
would be less criticism of the
time it takes Molly to do her
work. I do not advocate a myriad of fancy tools in a kitchen.
All too often superfluous devices are mere hindrances to the
worker.

The simple furnishings—the really needful—should be
of the best, and should be kept in perfect order. And maids
are not the only ones who are careless in matters of this sort.
A can of sal-soda should be on every sink shelf, for as a
cleanser of tins and all utensils it is hardly to be surpassed.

ORANGE BOATs:

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
CES) ees ay

HELPS TO THE
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

Peel sweet oranges and halve. Ice each section
with white frosting, and when set adorn each half with a citron sail.
The result is attractive little boats

April, 1912

After boiling in this solution of soda, the sticky masses that
have been burned in the bottom of dishes becomes disinte-
grated. ‘Then the stain may easily be removed by using
Dutch cleanser or any gritty cleaner. In this way all cook-
ing dishes, with their pretty white linings, may be kept
looking like new. Did it ever occur to you how much was
left sticking to the linings of cooking utensils before the
advent of white-lined kitchen ware, which shows every spot
immediately ?

Brushes are a boon in a kitchen, yet you would be sur-
prised to find them missing where you would surely expect
to find them. ‘The long-handled brush for cleaning milk-
bottles and narrow-necked pitchers; a brush for washing
vegetables; a brush for washing iron skillets and tins, with
a handle to it; a brush for brushing out fringes of doilies,
etc.—these may be found in the five-and-ten-cent stores. So
cost is not the reason for their absence. It is just plain lack
of thought and care; and yet their use facilitates the work
in a surprising way.

Then the dish-towels and the dishcloths. What a mess
and mass of raggedness in this connection is to be found in
many kitchens? Rags which have outlived all chance of
usefulness as dish-wipers are relegated to do duty as dish-
cloths, all strings and lint though they are. I have seen
them, so I know whereof I
speak. These same pieces
of cloth taken and folded to-
gether, and a few rows of
machine stitching put through
them, would be changed from
useless, troublesome rags to
good dishcloths.

The same thing may be
done in making good floor-
cloths. Many thin pieces of
cloth, very absorbent, are of
no use whatever for the hard
wear a floorcloth gets, if left
open in the original shape.
But take and fold in the
straggling ends and _ stitch
back and forth several times,
and presto! the unusable is
converted into the best kind
of a floor cloth. Just a little
thought, just a little care, and a maid’s work is made just
a little pleasanter. ,

The practice of using up the old tablecloths in the shape
of dish-towels is a so-called economy practiced by many
housekeepers, that to my mind is no economy at all, but a
waste, while at the same time it adds work to the one who
presides in the kitchen. The good housekeeper carefully
hems her dish-towels before they go to the kitchen; others

April, 1912

tear their old table-cloths into sizes small enough for use,
leaving ravelings to start with and ravelings to accumulate.
And how the lint comes off! Over and over must the glass-
ware be wiped to get rid of this lint. Think of how much
must be left on the white ware which does not show it. I
call all this mistaken econ-
omy. It calls for many use-
less extra motions in the
course of the lifetime of the
table-cloth towel which might
have been saved. This is
surely an age when all kinds
of economy of labor should
be practiced, and the wise
housekeeper will save her
maid or herself. Moreover,
in cases of illness old linen is
priceless. I have been called
upon for old linen by my
neighbors more times than I
could supply the need, and I
never wasted any in my
kitchen. In the times of the
Civil War the value of old
linen and cotton cloth was
recognized. I don't believe
the housekeepers of those
days wasted their old linen in the kitchen. If you do not
think you will need it, save it for someone who may. ‘There
may come a time when it will be more of a gift than money.
This is one way to help humanity somewhere, at sometime
when you least expect it.

As an example, let us cite the instance of two cases of
illness in the neighbornood. One, a surgical case of many
months’ standing, had used up all the available old linen in
the house where the patient was. I asked housekeepers for
old linen for bandages, and not one could help me out.
“Tam very sorry, but you see we use our old table-cloths for
dish-wipers and our napkins for dishcloths,” was the answer
every time. Perhaps sometime these people will wish they
had saved their old linen when sickness finds them unpre-
pared. And, really, how much money have they saved?
And how much more work have they put in the kitchen?

Dish-toweling is woven for the purpose of wiping dishes.
The fibre is hard-twisted, so
that the lint does not readily
come off. Table linen is not
made that way. It is soft,
and, when old, it is necessary
to put a little starch in the
water to hold the lint of the
surface down smooth when
it is ironed. All of this flies
when kept in use in the
kitchen.

The same economy (?) is
practiced in the use of old
sheets. How much body is
there left in sheeting which
has become thin enough to
slit upon the slightest provo-
cation, and is thrown aside as
too poor to use on the beds?
Yet these are considered
good enough to use on iron-
ing-boards. I have seen ironing-boards, many times, with
square and three-cornered tears right where you would
naturally start to iron. Why? Because right there is
where all the force of the wear was the greatest. A piece
of starched goods stuck, and rip went the cloth into shreds!

ORANGE IN SECTIONS:

GRAPEFRUIT TUB:

on same.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Score the orange in eighths from the

nearly to the blossom end, and carefully loosen the peel.

the sections from one another, without removing them from the peel at

the blossom end. Serve in this way, or roll inward the points of the peel
to form a border around the base of the fruit.

Cut the top from smooth, evenly-shaped grape-
fruit, and carefully cut to simulate the handles of tubs and the hoops
Remove the core, fill cavity with powdered sugar, and serve.

143

Now, two yards of unbleached “domestic,” at eight cents
a yard, gives the length for an ironing-board. Torn into two
strips it will furnish the coverings, which in point of time
will out-wear several old sheets, to say nothing of the com-
fort of an ironing-board which is to be trusted to resist
starched articles. It is really
an art to make a perfect sur-
face onanironing-board. In
the first place, the ironing-
board should not be less than
five feet in length, tapering
well at one end. It should
have three heavy cleats
screwed on the back to pre-
vent warping, as the steaming
on the upper part is very
considerable. It is well to
buy a strip of ingrain carpet-
ing the length of the board,
if you have none that is old,
for it must not be too thin.
[wo thicknesses of that
should be very firmly tacked
into place on the edge, not
turned over, and trimmed off
neatly. This is really per-
manent, lasting many years,
for the wool fibre never packs down so solidly as old cotton
bedspreads, a favorite covering used by housekeepers.

On top of the carpet six or even more layers of old sheets
should be fastened, and these covered by the new cotton, all
stretched very taut. Here is a perfect ironing surface which
will delight the heart of the laundress, whoever she may be.
An old rug for her to stand upon, folded several times, will
make her comfort complete, for ironing is as hard upon the
teet as on the hands.

Speaking of hands, how many times havel had to fold old
cotton cloths over and over again to use as an iron-holder!
For the old things would come unfolded while in use. Every
kitchen should be supplied with perfect iron-holders, as well
as thinner ones for use in lifting hot dishes. The pieces of
carpet cut from the tapering end of the ironing-board serve
as the best foundation. The wool proves an admirable non-
conductor of the heat, which the old folded cotton is not.
Cut this in round or oval
shape, leaving no corners to
get scorched while in use.
Cover with bedticking, using
two or three layers of carpet,
according to thickness, neatly
overhanding the edges.
Three of these are the least
one should try to get along
with, for changing from one
to another rests the hands
immensely.

Perhaps this makes a good
deal of trouble to go to just
for ironing—but it does pay.
The smiles of a laundress
when she finds good tools for
her work are only part of
your pay. The moral effect
of this thought on your part
for her comfort is returned
to you by additional perfection of work, for it undoubtedly
serves as a stimulus. As for one who must do it herself,
there surely can be no question.

Much time can be saved when one will bother to hem
her dustcloths. I never found that feather-stitching made

stem
Then loosen

144 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

them any more serviceable, although making them a very
pretty as well as useful Christmas gift. oo often we see
the old rags, lint-giving things, in use as dustcloths. And,
too, these same cloths seldom get the washing they need in
order to do good work. The same can be said of the cloths
used for cleaning silver. Washing is good for them, too.

I know of no more aggravating thing than a dustpan with
edge dented and curved, until there is no place more than
an inch in length striking the floor. Perfectly good in every
way save in having a straight edge, it is kept on and on.
Trying it is to maid and mistress, yet, through lack of
thought, it continues to try the patience.

Egg-beaters with a hitch in the cogs, or a slip more likely,
necessitating, perhaps, twenty turns of the wheel where it
should only take one; chopping-knives which never see a
grindstone; strainers which have lost the “lip” to hang on
the edge of bowl or basin, or have lost the handle, making
it almost sure that the fingers will get burned—all these are
to be found. What man would stand it?

Work is not only simplified, but it is made much pleas-
anter by having one’s tools kept in order. It does take
time, I grant you, but nowhere does the same expenditure
of time bring greater results. All these things are worth
the housekeeper’s attention, for they make possible a con-
servation of energy that is a true domestic economy.

Gt fee cco ef occ BY SE OC omc ecco el ot men ommnta fn cect] RE [ONC

THE GARDEN OF ROSES
(Continued from page 117)
NEpEaiaaapar axial Oe oie ae ee Oe One

wood. Stake up longest canes: Lord Penzance’s Hybrid
Sweet Briers, exceedingly beautiful, several sorts in highly
contrasting shades; Refulgence, semi-double flowers over
three inches across, dazzling scarlet, borne in large clusters,
very fragrant, a fine distinct sort; Juliet, this and Soleil
- d@Or (below) are Roses of a distinct new type; Hybrid
Austrian Brier, very hardy, fragrant and free flowering, and
having some flowers during Autumn (Juliet is very beautiful
and distinct in having reverse of petals old gold, while the
inside a rosy red, a striking combination) ; Soleil d’Or, fine
double flowers, color from orange-yellow to reddish-gold,
very pleasing.

The “Baby Ramblers’’—This is the popular name which
has been given to a new and very desirable type of Rose,
most of which are Polyantha Hybrids. They are dwarf in
habit, eighteen to twenty-four inches high, true perpetual
bloomers, some of them blooming all year round, and very
floriferous, the plants with their large trusses frequently
looking like huge bouquets. ‘They are very valuable for
edging and bedding purposes, and especially for pot plants,
for which use they are as yet too little known: Baby Ram-
bler Madam Norbert Lavasseur, small crimson flower, re-
sembling those of the Crimson Rambler; Mrs. Cut-bush,
cerise-pink, like Lady Gay Rambler; duchen Muller, bril-
liant rose-pink; Katherina Zeimet, pure white; Mrs. Taft,
fine brilliant red; Phyllis, beautiful pink; Little Dot, delicate
pink, shading white; George Pernet, bright pink; Perle des
Rouges, deep red; Snowball, very free flowering, white;
Jessie, bright cherry-red, white center; The Orleans, bril-
liant red, large white center; Leonie Lamesch 1s a very dis-
tinct new Polyantha, one of the most remarkable and attrac-
tive of Roses on account of its peculiar combination of
colors, flowers are large and borne in trusses, ground-color
Rose, shading deeper towards edges of petals, which are
blotched blood-red, while the base of petals shows varying
shades of yellow.

Inexhaustible indeed are the pleasures and surprises of
the Rose garden, and happy he, or she, who can, even though
starting out with but a dozen plants, add from year to year
the wonderful new creations of the painstaking hybridizers.

April, 1912

THE SADDLE. HORSE F OR THE COUNTRY HOME
(Continued from page 137)

EBT GE foo ft cnc [Oot cxxnffocote fi cmctpeoote] RES) EDP

gives the rider a rough voyage, while the stiff-legged ae
cutting movement characteristic of the thoroughbred leads
one to fear the danger of a fall as a result of stumbling.
Dragging the hocks or carrying the hind legs out behind
makes a collected unity of action impossible, and gives the
rider an unpleasant sense of being roughly shaken. The
neck should be what horsemen call right side up, in order
that the horse may be able to take a collected form, by
which is meant that his neck should be arched and his
muzzle drawn in towards the chest so that it will be possible
for him to have a responsive mouth constantly amenable to
the control of his rider. The horse who goes with his head
high and his nose stretched out is the one that will be beyond
control and likely to incur disaster should he take a notion
to bolt.

Among the faults and defects that should be most care-
fully avoided in a saddle horse are mutton withers, straight
shoulders, impure gait, which means winging, dishing or
paddling; weakness of eye or wind, drooping ears or long
slab-side waists. A good saddle horse is wide between the
eyes and has his ears close set and sharply pricked. The
question of long or short tails is, of course, one of individual
preference, with all sentiments of humanitarianism on the
side of the tail in its natural state. The placid tempered,
quiet going, sturdily built and muscularly developed horse is
one that will give ideal service under the “‘pig skin.”

The period during which saddle horses continue to be
useful varies with the individual horse and owner, but well
cared for they last for years. The undefeated champion
saddle horse of this country, ‘Poetry of Motion,” is now
fifteen years of age and as fit for service as at any time in
his career and, in fact, is to all intents and purposes a better
and more useful horse to-day than he was when four years
of age.

Practically every saddle horse is equally as useful in har-
ness as under the saddle, and the fact that they are the most
intelligent of any breed of horse is well demonstrated by the
fact that although they are taught to go different gaits at
a signal and to maintain that gait until given the proper in-
dication for a change, they are also taught that in harness
they are to go at one gait only, aside from the walk, and
that they rarely depart from it. There is a curiously mis-
taken, but very prevalent idea that the use of a saddle horse
under harness in a sense depreciates his value for riding
purposes. So far from this being true, it is a fact that
practically all saddle horses are made perfect for harness
use before a saddle is ever placed upon them; and there-
fore the owner of a well bred saddle horse has one exactly
adapted for the dual purposes of saddle and harness use;
and, incidentally, it is proper to mention that, barring only
extreme speed, there are no horses that can be used with
greater satisfaction in harness or are better average road-
sters than are the well-bred saddle animals. Because of
the fact that they conform to type, and that a breeder can
reproduce the particular sort of animal he cares for with
measurable certainty, makes the breeding of saddle horses
more probably certain of success and attendent by fewer
precarious risks than is true of any other breed. By reason
of the fact that it costs infinitely less to produce and bring
to his finest estate a saddle horse than any other, this animal
has an infinite advantage over all other breeds. The owner
of a suburban home anywhere is the logical producer of the
average type of saddle horse, and there are few things
which can engage his fancy with greater certainty of profit
and pleasure, or be attended by less of business risk.

. p oe

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv

=
Long-Life

HEN you build or when you
decorate remember the
splendor of colonial white wainscot-
ing, pillars and stairways. How they
set off the deep rich color of mahogany

doors and furniture! Adopt this scheme in some or all of your rooms
and ask your architect or painter to use Vitralite. “Then the splendor
will not fade, for Vitralite’s pure whiteness is permanent. Vitralite does nct
turn yellow nor crack. It gives a smooth porcelain-like surface unbroken by
brush mark; either a rich gloss or soft rubbed finish on any surface, wood, metal
or plaster; inside or outside. It’s water-proof.

Send for Free Vitralite Booklet and Sample Panel

See for yourself what beautiful white effects Vitralite makes possible. ‘‘ Decorative
Interior Finishing ’’ will help you in selecting color schemes for the whole house.
You need this free book before you decorate. Send for it.

**61”? Floor Varnish will be the finish for your proof. You may dent the wood but the varnish
floors after you Send for Free Sample Panel won’t crack. ‘‘The Finished Floor’’ is a free
finished with ‘*61”’ and test it with hammerand booklet which tells how to finish and care for floors.
heel. You'll find it mar-proof, heel-proof, water- You need it as well as our other books. Send for it.

If your dealer cannot supply ‘‘P & L’’ Varnishes, write us at 119 Tonawanda
Street, Buffalo, N. Y.; in Canada, 63 Courtwright Street, Bridgeburg, Ontario

XVI AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1912

Before Summer Comes
Have Your Trees Put in Shape

Make them a source of pleasure for your sum-

mer and a valuable asset to your property.
There are few trees past saving. Many a magnificent tree,
the pride of its owner, has been saved from certain death by
the skill of our men. The tulip tree shown here (in the Tiffany estate on Long Island) was filled
with cement from top to bottom and given a new lease of life.

Let us care for your trees as they should be cared for. We have the skill, the men, and the
experience to give you perfect service. Our work is guaranteed and we inspect it every six months
without expense to you.

We will examine your trees, tell you what they need and what it will cost to fix them up. This
will cost you nothing.

Why not send to-day for one of our representatives and go over things with him?

Send for Our Free Book
“Making Good” in Trees

Explains the care your trees need, how we work, and what we have
done for others and can do for you.

Appleton & Sewall Co., Inc.

Foresters and Surveyors

162 Fifth Avenue
New York

| ring yoursel .
tinuous income of Twenty- ive Dollars a week | in. case
of Disability? To do this is to AZETNA-IZE Your Income.
DISABILITY INSURANCE costing Sixty Dollars a year, (payable
semi-annually or quarterly if you prefer) will provide an income of

' $25 per week while you are disabled by EITHER ACCIDENT | OR ILLNESS.

' And tn addition :
$5,000 to your family if your ACCIDENT results fatally.

$5,000 to You if it causes loss of both hands; or both feet, or one hand
and one foot; or one hand and one eye; or one foot and one eye.
$2,500 to YOu if it causes loss of one hand, or one foot; or one eye..
These amounts (except for ilness) are ALL DOUBLED if your accident
happens in a public passenger conveyance or elevator, or in a burning building.
if your occupation puts you in the ‘Preferred ’’ class, and you are under 50
years of age and in good health, send us the coupon and we will aol you more

about how to
JETNA-IZE YOUR. INCOME

cot See GN OSD en: Se TS ee ee me se ee

/ETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

ACCIDENT AND LIABILITY DEPT. . 3 HARTFORD, CONN.
TELL ME HOW TO Poa MANZE MY INCOME | :

Age ee ae ee eae _ WName_

Occupation___.______-____ _ Business Address.

SPRING HOUSECLEANING
By ELIZABETH DANDRIDGE

HE last days of Winter should find one

with well defined ideas of what will be
necessary in the way of cleansing, re-
newing and re-arranging in the annual
housecleaning, which has especial import-
ance when done in the Spring. Fall house-
cleaning seldom assumes the scope and im-
portance of the Spring overhauling, as one
usually prefers that fresh paint and paper
and accompanying renewals should come at
a time when the soot and dust nuisance in-
cident to Winter fires is abated.

In these days of factories and _ shops,
when efficient help in the kitchen is almost
unknown and one is fortunate if they can
get a woman to come in occasionally and
help with the weekly sweeping and dusting,
it is inevitable that the brunt of the house-
cleaning must fall on the housewife. True.
one can hire men to come in and do the
heavy work of moving furniture, cleaning
and laying carpets and washing windows,
but this by no means covers the whole busi-
ness of Spring housecleaning, and when this
is done it is necessary to have everything in
shape so that as much as possible may be
done in the time one feels able to employ
the men, for their services are by no means
cheap—five dollars a day being as low as
one can expect the services of two capable
men, and often their charges much exceed
that figure.

The best plan then, whether the work is
done in this way or by home talent, is to
have everything as far advanced as possible
before the actual work of taking down beds
and cleaning carpets begins. Closets must
be thoroughly cleaned and put in order be-
fore anything else is undertaken, bureau
drawers sorted and arranged, curtains and
portiéres taken down and all small objects
of art or ornaments cleaned and_ placed
where there will be no danger of careless
handling, soiling or breaking them, so that
the work of settling the rooms may go for-
ward rapidly once the carpets are laid.

Where the work must be all or mainly
done by the members of the family I have
found that it simplifies matters greatly to
undertake but one room at a time and to
keep the remainder of the house in as good
order as possible so as to remove as far as
possible the feeling of discomfort that a
disordered house always brings.

Always aim to clean the rooms farthest
from the kitchen first, beginning with the
upstairs and leaving each room settled be-
fore tearing up another. Always avoid
cleaning a room that will have to have fur-
niture from another room piled into it or
much run over first, for it is little satisfac-
tion if, when the last rooms are finished, the
first ones already show signs of dust and
usage. A good order is, first the bedrooms
and upper halls and staircase, then the par-
lors, sitting-room, lower halls, downstairs
bedrooms (if any), dining-room and cellar,
and lastly the kitchen.

Always attend to the cleaning of the fur-
nace while yet it is in use, for as soon as
cold the soot and ashes gather dampness
and cling to the flues and it is difficult to
dislodge; take a mild day, when it is pos-
sible to let the fire die down, and thoroughly
clean flues and smoke-pipe, replacing the
pipe and leaving the furnace ready to re-
spond -to any call for its services in the
changeable weather of early Spring and
Summer. *

In nearly all houses there will be one or
more rooms which will need re-papering,
and this will be done in the Spring rather
than in the Fall. It goes without saying
that wherever paper is to be renewed, all
the old paper on the wall should be removed,

April, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

os
XVil

Sow Your Grass Seed with

_ The Velvetlawn Seeder_

UTS the seed in the ground—not on top.
None blown away or eaten by birds.
Makes a beautiful, uniform lawn certain in

the shortest time. Saves enough seed to pay for
itself. Run easily by one person. No matter how
small your lawn you can afford to have this seeder.

Let us send you letters from users,
prices, illustrations, etc. Weanalyzesoil
and advise our customers free as to the

best seed and fertilizer. Write today.

VELVETLAWN SEEDER CO.
20 Columbia St.
Springfield, Ohio

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS

RUSTIC WORK

Catalog of many designs on request

North Shore Ferneries Company,

Beverly, Massachusetts

__ Puts 4 tools in your hand at one
‘time—Cultivator, Weeder, Rake
and Hoe. Cultivates on 3 sides of
= atone stroke. Send for Iifustrated
tie, Price List of this and OTHER —

28 HanbDy GARDEN TOOLS.
Set ty ati Sood Seed, Hardware aod 2

‘ Departnent Stores ¢

MEHLER GARG TOOL C

AMBLER, PA., U.S.A.

Exclusive fabrics

of soft, selected

camel’shairwoven

Jin undyed natu-

*fval color. Also

=” pure wool, dyed in

any color or com-

bination of colors.

Any length. Any

4 width—seamless up to

16 feet. The finishing

touch of individuality.

/ Made on short notice. Write

for color card. Order through
your furnisher.

THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, Auburn, N. Y.

Made-fo-order
rugs for porch,
bungalow or -
Summer

"You
choose
the colors,

we'll makethe ng

m SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

BARREL Equal

Large barrel, freight id
WAGON LOADS $4. 00 ea arrel oi Riera
STABLE with ae Write for in-

eresting booklet and quantity prices.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

MANURE

Landscape Gardening

Everyone interested in suburban and
country life should know about the
home study courses in Horticulture,
Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, etc.,
which we offer under Prof. Craig and others
of the Department of Horticulture of Cornell
University,

250-page Catalogue Free

Prof. Craig Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

Hangings and Russian Brasses Purchased.

INTERIOR DECORATIONS
Color Schemes suggested. Take advantage of
q Correspondence Solicited.
HARRY MARTIN YEOMANS

the New York Shops. Furniture, Wall-Papers,
Advising Decorator 63 W. 87th St., New York

but this adds materially to the cost of the
work, as the paperhangers charge the same
for removing paper as for hanging, often
more than the actual cost of the paper;
it therefore becomes an object with many to
do this part of the work themselves.

The ceiling paper is always the most diff-
cult to remove, owing to the irksome climb-
ing of step ladders and the proneness to ad-
here closely to the plaster that ceiling paper
often shows. I have found, however, an
ideal way to deal with this part of the work,
especially in rooms on the ground floor.
When the furniture and carpets are re-
moved, the hose is brought into the room.
with the fine spray attached, or if one has
no water system, a force pump will answer
every purpose, and the ceiling quickly and
honoree wet down, taking especial pains
to wet the border and the angle of the wall
where it meets the ceiling paper. If the
wetting is thoroughly done the ceiling paper
will come off almost entire and in less time
than it takes to tell you about it. I have
frequently seen large ceiling papers come
down in two pieces, bringing a good share
of the border and side wall-paper along. If
it is desired to remove ceiling papers from
an upper room it will be necessary for two
or more to handle the job, so that the water
may be wiped up quickly before it has time
to soak through to the ceiling below, but
once one has tried this labor-saving method
they will never go back to the tedious and
painful method of scraping paper off by
hand with a knife. The side walls, unfor-
tunately, cannot be handled so well in this
way, as there is no force of gravity, in-
creased by the weight of the water, to bring
them down, but where there are two or
three to handle the work it may be much
hastened by wetting one wall at a time and
peeling it before it has time to dry, for paper
only sticks the tighter once it begins to dry.

In renewing paper it is well to bear in
mind that the drop ceiling is by far the
more satisfactory and artistic finish ; borders
are seldom satisfactory, and one soon tires
of the prettiest of them, and they always
give a common effect to a room, but a hand-
some side wall, preferably of the ingrain or
two-toned papers, with a white, cream or
light colored ceiling, is always satisfactory,
and by replacing the ceiling when soiled a
sidewall can be made to do service two or
three years longer than would otherwise be
the case, the new ceiling making the side-
wall itself appear new.

In the use of rugs on hardwood floors, or
their substitutes in filling (painted border
or matting) greatly simplifies the cleaning
of floors, as rugs may be sent to the cleaner,
who will call for them in the morning and
deliver them, all sweet and clean, in time to
lay on the floors at the end of the day’s
cleaning, if desired. Mattings are so easily
cleaned at home that no woman need hesi-
tate to undertake them, as it is only neces-
sary to lay them on the grass and sweep
each side thoroughly and relay on the floor.
Any grease spots may be easily removed
with gasoline, but do not do that on the
lawn, or it will make dead spots on the
grass.

When the mattings are relaid, if found
faded and somewhat shabby, it will be found
that they can be greatly improved by going
over them, a breadth at a time, with hot
diamond dyes of the color of the matting.
Of course, the mattings will be made up
like carpets.

If the house is fitted with storm windows
it will simplify matters if the inside win-
dows are washed—those which may be tak-
en out—before the storm windows are taken
down, as this can be done regardless of the
weather, often a decided advantage.

Sundial in the Garden of Mrs. Leupold Stern, West End, N.J

OUR garden is not complete without asundial, the time-piece
of the ages.

Our sundials are designed to harmonize with every type of
garden treatment. They are both decorative and artistic. Constructed
of marble, stone and Pompeian stone with dials of hand-chased brass.
they are practically everlasting.

Send today for catalogue A, illustrating our models of sundials,
benches, vases, fountains, statuary, etc.

The ERKINS STUDIOS, ™sgasaenigsee

230 Lexington Ave., New York. Factory, Astoria,-L. I.
New York Selling Agents—Ricceri Fl_reatine Terra Cotta |

SC GHAWPERRICNS

‘J Plants by the dozen or by the million.
@ 120 acres planted in 102 varieties, Al. AD
the standards and the most promising of AN
the new ones, Largest grower iu NY \
: America, Every plant true to name,
Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry
and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali-
fornia Privet and other Shrubbery.[p\\y
4 (Cultural directions with each ship-/\ i
Q ment, Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Senu J
portal today. My personal guaranteepn\| 4
ack of poi Bes Ay)

F. ALLEN 4
10% Market Street, Salisbury, Md.

A COZY NICHE IN YOUR BUNGALOW

Send $1 00 for my new and complete book—Bungalows showing
oor plans, interior an etnies perspective from photographs with
prices for the completed buildi
I Guarantee to Caren at Prices Named
If book is not satisfactory and is not what you want, I will refund
the money.

O.S LANG, Bungalow Specialist, 690 Seventh St., Buffalo, N.Y.

For a Most Beautiful Lawn

Bow KALAKA. It is specially selected, specially tested grass

and pulverized manure—the ideal combination to grow
aaa hardy, lasting turf. For seeding new lawns or putting
new life into the old lawn nothing equals

Packed in 5 pound boxes at 81.00 per box, express paid east,
or 81.25 west of Omaha. Write and ask for prices on special
mixtures for special locations and purposes. Order today
and have the best seed money can buy. Get ourfreelawn book.

THE KALAKA CO., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Filter Y our Entire
Water Supply

Avoid Typhoid and other diseases always present
in impure water by installing a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use pure water for drinking and
all household purposes.
Write to-day for catalog.

Atlantic Filter Company

309 White Building Buffalo, N. Y.

XVill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

“come, feeling that my
t be a burden to you, I
_ would gladly do so, because the house is
~ too heavy burden for me. It. is im-
possible te meet the notes on the home
_and provide a comfortable living for the
children. nee
__As I see the little sum of money,
that George left, growing smaller each
day, the uncertainty of the future has as-
sumed a=: serious. aspect. The shock of
George’s. sudden death was enough with-
out this unexpected worry of things which
are all new to me. Devotedly,.
‘3 Charlotte.

Travelers Insurance Co

Hartford, Conn!
Gentlemen: _ Cc
Please accept my thanks for

_ kind remittances which you have sent m
. each. month,. following the sudden deat
' of my husband. It-is hardly necessary for’

me to tell: you how much this:monthly in

' come has saved me from worry and possible

privation. ; ' f 3 Be
My: husband’s untimely death. left
me the ¢are of. two children and I shudder

as I think what might have. become of us’
without. his forethought and your prompt-

ness. ‘Very truly yours,
(Mrs. J. B._F) Sarah B. F——

WHICH OF THESE LETTERS WOULD YOUR WIFE WRITE?

Ss the. father, -upon ‘your forethought ; and - labor. rest. the welfare,

decent living and happiness of your -wife and children: -In- case_.

of your death, our Guaranteed Low Cost Monthly Income Policy means a
monthly income for your family—not a princely fortune, but enough to

“make both ends meet.”

Our interesting booklet tells all about it; write for. one ‘today.

HARTFORD, CONN.

The Travelers Insurance Company

Please send me particulars regarding Guaranteed Low Cost Monthly Income Policy.

Date of Birth

Business Address

State

® The

y benefits
of
outdoor
life

but none of its discomforts, are realized in

The Burlington
Venetian Blind

In your windows it makes your room delight-
fully cool. Enclose your porch with the
Burlington Venetian Blind and you have
added a healthful out-of-door room to
your home.

P The Burlington Venetian Blind can
be raised or lowered at will, and can be
adjusted to any angle to suit the height of
the sun.

The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only.
Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles,
will be mailed to you on request.
Burlington
Venetian

Blind Co.

339 Lake St.
Burlington, Vt.

A bome hotel for the family, the business man and any
one desiring a residence within an hour from New

- York and enjoy the delights of country eleva-
tion, rest and environments. ‘This is what the Mont-
clair Hotel offers. It is operated on the American
plan, has grillroom with facilities for private parties,
banquets, dances under the direction of T. Edmund

For Clean Grounds and Buildings

SQVY,
THE STEPHENSON
ren “ZAIN Mass
Underground Refuse Disposal
Zz Underground Garbage Receiver.
Opens with the foot. Dogs,
‘ cats, flies have no chance to get
at the gar-
bage.
clean back
yard.

The Under-floor Refuse Re-
ceiver for sweepings and oily waste
in the garage, ashes and waste in
the cellar, yard or street.

Underground Earth Closet with
or without portable steel house.
For farms, camps, etc. Steel house
very convenient for use as a bath
house.

Send for circular about each.

Sold direct. 9 years in use.

C. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer

21 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass.

Simmons Hose Reels

Save time and money.
Besides, its spiral wind
protects life of hose
indefinitely. Also neat
and compact, with eff-
cient lawn - sprinkler
combined.

Each, - $4.00 net

Garden Hose

that stands the test of
time. None but pure
rubber and best fabric
used in its construc-
tion. Buy direct
and save un-
necessary

Krumbholz of the Kirkwood, Camden, Pia Ot % profits.
} S.C. and the Sagamore, on Lake George. Price, including Nozzle and Coup-

Mr. R. C. Millard, Resident Manager, will lings, complete, 10 cents per foot net.

reply to all inquiries and call upon request. JOHN SIMMONS CO.
104-110 Centre Street New York City

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix

And speaking of windows, brings up the Ji ea ZN
subject of curtains—probably one of the OLE Zi
most dreaded tasks of housecleaning. For
years I followed the time-honored method
of washing, starching and pinning the sheets
on the floor, each scallop religiously pulled
out and pinned in place, a back-breaking
and tedious operation, as no room in the
house, available, was large enough to allow
of more than two pairs on the floor at the
same time; since then, however, I have
learned a better and easier way, which is to
take a bright, sunny day with not too much
wind, and wash the curtains in the usual
way, using a good washing machine, if one
has one; rinsing, bluing (if clear white is
desired), using a coffee color if écru cur-
tains are preferred, and hanging at once on
the line. No starching will be required if
the curtains were starched the previous year
and but little, if not; a stiffly starched cur-
tain is inartistic, and so patently done over
that it should be tabooed from all good

Rustic Hickory Furniture for Parks and Lawns

i i i i i bles, Swings, Couches, Tabourets,
> ; It’s strictly in keeping with nature, and adds to the beauty of Chairs, Rockers, Settees, _Ta 5, ¢
housekeeping Wf the surroundings. Nothing quite so inviting as plenty of large, Lawn Seats, Pergolas, Sideboards, Rustic Benches, Hanging
, 4 = i roomy chairs or wide, comfortable settees made of Rustic Hickory. Baskets, Lawn Vases, Costumers, Window Boxes, Dining Chairs,
Two or more pairs of curtains may be : The framework of Selected Hickory Saplings—bent into grace- Fences, Summer Houses, and a great yetiely of other pieces.
+ d angles—seats and backs of hand-woven flexible Rustic Hickory Furniture is so reasonable in price, anyone can
undertaken SERGE Hang them on the i SE Seana trike natural wood. Over one hundred styles of afford it. If your dealer cannot supply you write us. Catalogue free.

line across the middle, so that the top and RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE CO.,_ 103 STATE STREET. LA PORTE, INDIANA _
bottom will hang evenly together, and have | (= Ss es = aR :
the line low enough so that the top may be
readily reached, but do not let the curtains
touch the ground. Use a perfectly clean.
but not too harsh, whisk broom, and, com-
mencing at one end of the line, brush the
curtain straight down from the line to the
ground, taking each one in turn until that
side of the line is gone over, then repeating
the brushing on the opposite side and con-
tinuing from curtain to curtain and side to
side until the curtains are nearly or quite
dry. When thoroughly dry on the line they
may be taken down and hung at once on the
poles, when they will look like new
But it is to be hoped that no heavy house-
cleaning has been undertaken without a due
regard to the fact that housecleaning is
hungry work, and that the services of the
boys and men of the family will be far more
cheerfully rendered if their appetites are
catered to to a reasonable extent, and a sim-
ple lunch in the middle of the forenoon—
though it be but an appetizing sandwich and
cup of tea, often bridges over a point where
some untoward incident or dragging task
has brought patience and nerves to the
breaking point. There will be little leisure
to cook and fuss in the kitchen while the
actual work of cleaning is under way, but
it is quite possible to provide a supply of
hearty and appetizing food that may be
placed in a cool cellar or refrigerator and
make much actual cooking unnecessary. A
good consommé put up in pint cans ready
for immediate use is easily prepared and
the meat from the bones will make a sub-
stantial hash, which may be rendered more
dainty and appetizing by piling on it some
crisp lettuce leaves and dressing it with a
good mayonnaise, of which there should be
a generous supply in the refrigerator. Pork
and beans always suit the masculine appe-
tite, and most feminine ones, too, and hard
boiled eggs are capable of many variations
not the least satisfactory of which is
chopped, mixed with mayonnaise and used
as a sandwich filling. Instead of sitting
down tired and disheveled to an untidy table
with anything one could pick up handy to
eat, try having something rather extra

1g) GUARANTEED
tamdlamdl” Hees fe
Ql FIXTURES & S;
“‘ULTIVATING the desire for cleanliness
among children used to be difficult. Since the advent of
‘Standard’ Sanitary Bathroom fixtures, habits of cleanliness
have not needed cultivating. Their attraction creates the
desire to bathe. The practical utility, the beauty and the

enduring quality of “Standard” fixtures makes them an everlast-
ing joy to every generation in the home.

Genuine “Standard” fixtures forthe Homeand demand ‘Standard’ quality at less expense.
for School, Ofhce Buildings, Public Institu- Aq) “Standard” fixtures, with care, will! last a
tions, etc., are identified by the Green and
Stel ely wish Me Shen oe Se ait bears the guarantee label. In order to avoid
Senne eaic Werner: ani fae cae! the substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
ture, have a slightly thinner enameling, and ‘otandard” goods in writing (not verbally)
thus meet the requirements of those who and make sure that you get them.

lifetime. And no fixture is genuine wzless 7f

which may be prepared beforehand and Standard Sanitary Wf. Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, PA.
make no extra call on one’s time and New York ...... BN sete Needle eee ley lent Svenuc So. 9 Londen. --253 Holborn Vieduct EC.

j Chi _.2. 415 Ashland Block New Orleans, Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. ouston, Tex., Preston and Smith Sts.
strength, but put on the table neatly and in SSRs Xan NESIESEEE NIE areal Gates. 215 Coristine Bldg. San Francisco. .Metropolis Bank Blds.
shape to tempt ones appetite and give real Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St.,E. Boston......+++++ John Hancock Bldg. Washington, D. C.,.--Southern Bldg.
pleasure, and see how much more cheerfully Pittsburgh..... .. 106 Sixth Street Louisville........ 319-23 W. Main Street Toledo, Ohio..... 311-321 Erie Street

S is.... 100 N. Fourth Street Cl land...... 648 Huron Road, S.E. Fort Worth, Tex...Frontand Jones Sts.
ea teh i EenieeCan Werters 20-28 Jackson St.,W.

one returns to the work before them! But
let the food be really nourishing and some-
thing that is easily digested ; no use to make
one’s digestive system work overtime be-
cause the body must.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

% BAY STATE

¢-
of
Y. 5, pat:

My Coating is the Best
Protection for Concrete

@ I want you to know Bay State
Brick and Cement Coating is be-
ing specified by the leading archi-

tects and contractors not only as a
coating on cement, stucco, and brick
surfaces to protect them against
moisture, but on high grade interior
work on both wood and plaster.

@ When you need a coating for

cement and want something that
will stand up and give you protec-
tion and durability, also a pleas-
ing finish, use the Bay State Brick
and Cement Coating, which is the
result of research and experimental
work for more than a decade.
Wherever it is used on stucco, con-
crete, wood, or plaster, it stands up
better than any other.

@ You know how necessary it is to

protect concrete surfaces against
dampness. My coating is damp
proof and gives a pleasing ap-
pearance without destroying the
texture of concrete and in addition

is a fire retarder.

@ Write for particulars about Bay
State Brick and Cement Coating.
Address for booklet No. 3.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co., Inc.

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street

Boston, Mass.

You can secure at small cost a movable power
plant that will convert your country home into
a modern city dwelling Electric light at less
than city cost. water pressure system of your
own with lots of water tor lawn, garden and
fire protection. and additional power for churn,
pumporcreamseparator. Tellus your problem
and get full information.

Ellis Engine Co, 97 Mullett St., Detroit, Mich.

If You Have A Hose You
Need a ‘‘Detachable’’
Hose Reel

@ Your hose will last three times as
long—always free from kinks and
twists. Hose is attached perma-
nently to reel whichslips on faucet,
locks and is ready for use. Reel
revolves on the faucet to wind or un-
wind the hose. Get it on trial—
it’s guaranteed. Send for a copy
of ‘‘Useful Things for the Lawn.”
It fully describes the “‘Detachable”’
Hose Reel and the “Easy Empty-
ing’ Grass Catcher for Lawn
Mowers and a number of other
mighty valuable lawn articles,

THE SPECIALTY MFG. CO.
1045 Raymond Ave., St. Paul, Minn.

SANITATION OF SWIMMING POOLS

HE work of protecting and purifying

public water supplies has suggested
the investigation of the condition of a re-
lated -subject—the water of swimming
pools, which forms the subject of a paper
recently read before the American Society
of Municipal Improvement by Mr. Mel-
vin C. Whipple and Mr. John W. M. Bun-

‘ker, the abstract of which, here following,

appeared in the Municipal Journal.

Within a few years the possibility has
been realized of such pools becoming a
means for the transmission of disease. It
is believed that nose and throat affections
may be, and often are, transmitted by the
water of the swimming pool. The danger
of the transmission of intestinal diseases
is less only because such diseases are more
rigorously controlled and isolated. At least
one record is at hand of an epidemic of
typhoid fever which was spread by a swim-
ming pool.

Conclusive data are at hand to show that,
in spite of the utmost care in enforcing
sanitary and hygienic regulations upon users
of a pool, each person adds his quota of
bacterial contamination to the water. As
the organic matter which enters the water
is kept at a relatively high temperature, it
offers a good culture medium. It has been
found that a temperature of 75 deg. Fahr.
greatly favors bacterial growth under these
conditions over that of 70 deg.

Consecutive chemical analyses made at
various colleges in the United States have
shown that the organic contamination in-
creases progressively from day to day while
a pool is in use. Bacteriological analyses
show a progressive increase up to the point
where the Malthusian Law asserts itself to
bring about a balance.

Experiments have shown that disinfec-
tion will take care of the bacterial contami-
nation of swimming pools. Ordinary
bleaching powder, or calcium hypochlorite,
now so widely used in water supplies, has
been selected by all as the most efficient
substance for this purpose.

Results achieved point to the efficiency
of chloride of lime as a disinfectant, when
applied in quantities that will furnish from
0.4 to 1.0 part per million of available chlor-
ine at intervals of one to three days.

This conclusion has been made more cer-
tain in the light of confirmatory evidence
from various institutions, where accurate
and careful observations have been made of
conditions governing the use of pools.

THE OLDEST LIGHTHOUSE EXTANT

T La Corufia in Northern Spain may

be seen a fire tower which is, with the
exception, of the ruins of the Roman
lighthouse at Dover, the oldest of all ex-
isting structures of this kind. The exact
date of the erection of this tower is un-
known. According to an ancient tradition
it is accredited to Hercules, whence its name
Torre de Hercules. Others say that Phoe-
nicians who had established several colonies
in Spain, had erected this light-tower for
their northland cruises. It is more probable
that the Roman Emperor Trojan (98 to 117
A. D.) erected this structure. Its inscrip-
tion also mentions the name of Servius
Supus of Lusitania as the architect. The
tower is built of ashlars and is 9 meters
by 40 meters. It has six separate stories,
which can only be reached by a circular
staircase around the exterior of the tower.
The lighthouse was restored in 1684, but
at the end of the Eighteenth Century was
again in ruins. In 1797 it was rebuilt by

the Spanish government, and still sends | .

forth its beams.

a”

NTA NZ:

MESES Nl ST

Libraries For Summer Homes

Both children and

adults appreciate good books
in the summer home, espec-
jally on rainy days. ‘Therefore fit
your summer home with a select
library of good books arranged in

SlobeWernicke

Bookcases

that match interior trims and add
attractiveness to the furnishings of the
room, while serving as a proper pro-
tection for the books.

Built in units or sections, by expert
workmen from the finest grade of materials,
they are low in cost andhigh in quality. Com-
parison proves their intrinsic superiority.

Sold at uniform prices by 1500
authorized agencies—usually the leading fur-
niture store in your own city.

The Blue Book of Fiction

contains lists of books worth reading
during vacation hours and enables you to
become familiar‘with the chief works of the
leading authors of many countries. Mailed
free on request.

Also ask for the latest GlobeSWernicke
catalog showing many interiors that will have
suggestive value in furnishing the summer
home. Address Department A.H.

She Globe=Wernicke Co., Cincinnati -

Branch Stores:

New York — - - - - 380-382 Broadway
Philadelphia - - - 1012-1014 Chestnut St.
Washington - - - 1218-1220 F St., N. We
Chicago - - - 231-235 So. Wabash Ave.
Boston . 0 - - - - 91-93 Federal St.
Cincinnati : . . © 128-130 Fourth Ave., E.

The Companionship of
Farr’s Hardy Plants

There’s a delightful ‘companionship ’’ about a
group of well-chosen hardy plants that you cannot
realize unless you own them. Years ago, my hardy
garden was only a part of my side-lawn. Now it
has expanded into acres and acres of the choicest
varieties, and this spring I am watching more eagerly
than ever for the first sign that another glorious flower-
pageant is about to be ushered in.

a few plants, and, if properly chosen,
these will afford you endless pleas-
ure and satisfaction. I should be
more than pleased to be allowed
to help you plan a garden. i
‘‘Farr’s Hardy Plants’’—Free
Tells of Irises, Delphiniums, and a host
of other grand hardy plants. Scores of
my friends pronounce_it tbe hest of its
kind ever published. Tell n.e about your

garden. é
Bertrand H. Farr
Wyomissing Nurseries
643 E. Penn Street, Reading, Pa.
Dickson's Famous Trish Roses—
grown especially for me—ready to
ship now.

VSD SDV DSDDVEDLDVIN DVL SDVDVPVSC IDV VEV EDD DNWV DVS BWV LV SDVSLSD WV

MISS

IRIN INN IN

L$
NMA) WN

Do you know the joy of watching this miracle in.
your own garden? Surely you have room for at least iz

April, 1912

Tue French Revotution. By Hilaire
Belloc, M. A. New York: Henry Holt
and Company. Cloth, 16mo. 256 pages.
Price, 75 cents net.

Mopern GeocrapHy. By Marion I. New-
bigin. New York: Henry Holt and Com-

pany. Cloth, 16mo. 256 pages. Price,
75 cents net.

War AND Peace. By G. H. Perris. New
York: Henry Holt and Company.
loth, 16mo. 256 pages. Price, 75
cents net.

IrtisH Nationatity. By Alice Stopford
Green. New York: Henry Holt and
Company. Cloth 16mo. 256 pages.

Price, 75 cents net.

THE Civit War. By Frederick L. Paxon.
Henry Holt and Company. Cloth, 16mo.
256 pages. Price, 50 cents net.

PotarR ExpiLoraTion. By W. S. Bruce.
New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Cloth, 16mo. 256 pages. Price, 75 cents
net.

THE OPENING UP OF AFrica. By Sir H. H.
Johnston. New York: Henry Holt and
Company. Cloth, 16mo. 256 pages.
Price, 75 cents net.

Each one of these volumes from the
“Home University Library” series repre-
sents a three hours’ traffic with the talking-
power of a good brain operating with the
ease and interesting freedom of a specialist
dealing with his own subject.

The French Revolution, by Hilaire Belloc,
presents to the busy man a volume it would
be difficult or impossible to surpass within
the limits of its purpose, which is to con-
vey to the reader an intelligent idea of the
greatest political event of modern times by
a clearly worded and thoroughly interesting
narrative.

_Modern Geography, by Marion I. New-
bigin, is one of the most readable handbooks
on the subject that has appeared in the past
ten years. The author, who is editor of the
Scottish Geographical Magazine, knows her
topic thoroughly and succeeds, moreover,
in presenting it in a pleasing manner for
the perusal of others. The book treats of
Surface Relief and Erosion; Climate and
Weather ; Distribution of Plant, Animal and
Human Life ; Localization of Industries and
Towns and various other phases of geo-
graphical study.

War and Peace, by G. H. Perris, is a
comprehensive short history of the subject
handled by the writer with admirable skill
in his bringing so many facts and views into
so small a compass, still maintaining a
scholarly, clear style.

Irish_ Nationality, by Alice Stopford
(Mrs. J. R.) Green, is a brilliant account
of the genius and wisdom of the Irish peo-
ple. It is an entrancing work and every
one with a drop of Irish blood in his veins
or a vein of Irish sympathy in his heart is
advised to read it.

The Civil War, by Frederic L. Paxon,
Professor of American History in the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, gives considerable
space to the domestic politics with which
Lincoln had to contend, and to the foreign
dangers which were avoided by Seward and
Adams. There are brilliant paragraphs de-

with Waverley Electrics.

Elegance Leading Attribute
of Every Waverley Electric

No car on the boulevards can compare in style, luxury of finish, easy nding and silence,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Foreign markets have been searched for rich upholstering fabrics, while a famous
decorative artist, a member of the Waverley staff, has evolved especial elegance of finish

and fitting.

The Triumph of Waverley Achievement is the magnificent

Silent Waverley Limousine-Five
Full View Ahead—Design and Construction Patented

With ample seat space for five grown people, and an
unobstructed view for the driver, here is the ideal all-
the-year round town and suburban car. Every member
of the family can drive it—no chauffeur expense.
More mileage than you can use ina day. Always in
commission—no laying up for repairs.

The Waverley Company,

Philadelphia St. Louis
2043 Market Street

New York
2010 Broadway

A Poultry House

for 12 laying Hens
Complete with Nests, Fountain, Feed
Hopper, Yard, etc. The most up-
rae accommodations and __ will

give the best zesults. Price, $20.00.

HODGSON

half that of the ordinary gas car. The Waverley Art
Book illustrates and describes the Limousine-Five, Four
Passenger Brougham and all town car models. Prices,
$3,500 down to $1,225. Wegladly send it on request,
also the Waverley Catalog of Commercial Vehicles.
Exide, Waverley, National, Ironclad or Edison Battery.
Factory and Home Office
221 South East Street, Indianapolis, Ind.

Chicago Branch
2005 Michigan Boulevard

Upkeep about

4432 Olive Street

PORTABLE HOUSES
POULTRY HOUSES
BETTER and handsomer than your carpenter will build and

COTTAGES - GARAGES :-

at much less cost and bother. Sections fit together exactly.

Easily erected, yet as durable and rigid as a permanent building.

We make PORTABLE buildings for every purpose—Cottages, Sun
Parlors, Garages, Poultry Houses, Children’s Play Houses, Gardener's
Tool Houses, Schoolhouses, Churches, Stores, etc.

Write us what you are interested in—if a Cottage, how many rooms. If
a Garage, the over-all length of your car and how many cars. If a Poultry
House, how many fowl you wish to accommodate. We can then send you
printed matter or catalog illustrating goods that will answer your requirements.

Write us to-day for catalog H.
E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

xxi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1912

= =>; | lineating the personalities of the chief fig-
ures which make Professor Paxon’s book

Oriental Stone Lanterns || | «::i#!y istersting
Z Polar Exploration, by Dr. W. S. Bruce,
leader of the “Scotia” espedition, fills a
For American Gardens long needed want. It is a volume small
rare = : 0 : in size, but of enormous interest, contain-
APANESE Gardens in America’”’ 1S ing an outline of the essential facts and
the name of a Vantine Book that is problems of Polar exploration, not pretend-

: cree te : ie! ing to be in any way a complete history of
well illustrated and daintily printed the subject, but rather a practical introduc-

‘Plans and treatment and why this form tion covering all the general reader will wish

of Garden should be given the preference.’” ||| | t© know without specializing.

If you have a nine-foot square of ground, or if you own a
large country estate, what Florence Dixon says in the four in-
troductory pages will appeal to you in a very personal way—

PALESTINE DepicTED AND DESCRIBED. By
G. E. Franklin, F.R.G.S. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co., 1911. Cloth, 8vo.

“‘The Laying Out of Japanese Gardens ”’ Illustrated. 219 pp. Price, $3 net.
Central Park is primarily a naturalistic Park, but the best The Holy Land described by a traveler
section is treated in Japanese style— who has visited that locality more than a
Like the Italian garden, the Japanese has certain archi- score of times and who knows it from north
tectural features—quaint wooden bridges, stepping stones, stone to south and from east to west as well as
lanterns, stone or bronze deer, dogs and cranes, each having special signifiance. the ordinary man knows his own street is
Stone lanterns, be it noted, are tokens of thankfulness or thank offerings for the recovery something which will appeal to every reader.

from sickness of members of the family—
The custom of presenting native offerings of lanterns in bronze or stone, large or small,

Mr. G. E. Franklin, F.R.G.S., the celebrated

plain or decorated, dates from early days, and no Buddhist temple is complete without its Oriental traveler, has just written such a
moss grown lantern adorning the courts or grounds. book, and illustrated it with some hundreds
The Book—“Japanese Gardens in America” is a treatise—a novel and a Wee all of photographs taken by himself of scenes

in one —the very epitome of art from a nature study—and is published by Vantine for and views associated with all the most sacred
those interested in Laridscape Gardens.

Write for a free copy and write to-day, for the edition is limited. and important events recorded in the Old

Vantine’s Standard Stone Lanterns, Stone Dogs, Frogs and other figures—Bronze Lanterns, Storks, and New Testaments.
Kongs, Buddhas and various ornaments are illustrated, fully described and sensibly priced in this Book. The volume entitled “Palestine Depicted
5

Hong Kong Wicker & Cantonese and Described,” is a remarkably handsome

° and entertaining one, packed full of inform-

Rattan Furniture ation, many items of which have never be-

HE most welcome and cheerful of all fixings for Summer Cottage, Country club, Steamer or fore been published, and embracing not only
T Yacht. descriptions of the scenery and historical

Simple and sturdy designs, noted for the absence of whirligig discomfort and fancy braiding—
but cool, attractive and inexpensive.

The call of Wicker Furniture, Cretonne and Chintz Summer
Rugs and Summer Curtains is loud and insistent. Vantine’s Book
“Comfortable Summer Furniture” will help you solve those
Problems in a way that will be complimentary to your judgment,
and with great economy and pleasure. Write for it now.

Vantine’s Hong Kong Hour Glass Chair—Illustrated here, at $5
Other sizes, same style, $6 and $7. Eight other styles also wit
the true Oriental atmosphere. Porch Chairs at $4.50 to $10.

Reclining Chairs at ote and $13.50. Tea and Lawn tables in
matched designs at $6.5

data of the land, but also teeming with an-
ecdote, incident, folk-lore, legend and the
customs of the land interpretative of Bible
language, phrases, parables and narratives.

The aim of the author in writing this
work has been to produce a useful book;
one that shall be useful to the student who
wishes to know something of the inner life,
social amenities and economic conditions. of
the country; a book interesting to the gen-
eral reader who wishes to know something
Hong of what the land is like; and most certain-

BY MAIL—For the convenience of our out-of-town patrons, we maintain a
perfectly equipped mail order department, through which you can shop with us
by mail with the same assurance of satisfaction as if you personally purchased

in our store,

5 Hous ly useful to the tourist, in that—while
oe ee es eae avoiding the dry style of a guide book—
Table Porcelain, ,. g $5.00 information that will be of assistance will

be found on every page. Palestine is one
of the most interesting of the lands of the
earth, but it is a land that must be seen
more than once or twice in order to get a
correct impression of its salient features.
The tourist who visits the country in the
Autumn sees a totally different country to
those who visit it during the Spring months
and many persons who have made a second
visit to Palestine have been surprised to
find of how much the impressions formed
during the former visit required revising.
Mr. Franklin has made some twenty-two
visits—some of them protracted ones—to
the country, and been privileged to enjoy
the close friendship of many of the resi-
dents, including sheiks and consuls, besides
explorers and archeologists he has met
from time to time, and in response to many |
appeals he now lays the. results of his ex-
perience open to the public.

Draperies and
Wall Fabrics,
Dress Silks,

intone BROADWAY at 18th ST., NEW YORK

Perfumes Stores also at Boston and Philadelphia

The Oriental Store.

STRIKING example of modern return to the
A classic in outdoor decoration is shown in this

Garden Gazing Globe. A crystal ball mounted
within easy reach of vision on a pedestal of chaste and
artistic design.

The Garden
Gastng Globe.

is a stately and beautiful garden ornament. It reflects
all the shifting charms of the landscape. Here is one
of the many letters from delighted owners:

Book oF THE Tarpon. By A. W. Dimmock,
New York: Outing Publishing Co.,
1911. .Cloth, 16mo..:-256 pages. © Price;
$2.00 net. =

This is one of the most interesting vol-
umes published on any American sport. No
other sport, according to the author, is car- a
ried on amid natural surroundings more
beautiful and healthful. No other outdoor
sport offers greater legitimate excitement,
and Mr. Dimmock’s enthusiasm for his sub-
ject makes the book thoroyeay SFO the
reader’s attention. at

“I am more than pleased with it, and the landscape
views developed in it are not only interesting to ourselves
but are enjoyed by all of our friends.”’

May we send descriptive

Stewart Carey Glass Company booklet and circular with

Indianapolis prices to-day?

April, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

XXIII

WUT AUIAT TANNIN
TH ACSA
Te TVA
WU

thing under a roof of
Reynolds Asphalt Shingles
is dry (no joke), because Reynolds
Asphalt Shingles neither split, warp
nor rot. They stand frost and snow,
wind and rain, year in and year out,

long after high-priced cedar shingles
are leaky as a sieve.

Reynolds
Flexible Asphalt
Slate Shingles

cost about the same as Al cedar shingles but—
reckoned on a basis of sevvice—are actually cheap.
We willingly stand back of these shingles for 10
years because we know that they last mich
longer. Reynolds Asphalt Shingles are 8 x
1234 inches and lay 4 inches to the weather.
Never need painting, resist fire, and look as
well as quarry slate—have had a ten-
year test. Write for free booklet. Be-
ware of imitations.
Also high grade granite surfaced
roofing in rolls.

H. M. Reynolds
Asphalt Shingle Co.
Original Manufacturer

174 Oakland Ave.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.

Established 1868

ALL

Pumps «xinos

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

Write for Circulars and Prices

F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

HUPP-YEATS ELECTRIC COACH

See it at local branch in all large cities

HUPP CORPORATION, 137 Lancaster St, DETROIT, MICH.

Sheep’s Beaded

PULVERIZED

Sheep Manure

Nature’s Own Plant Food.
especially adapted for lawns, golf courses and
estates. Growers of nursery stock, small fruits,
hedges and gardeners generally will find Sheep’s
Head Brand the best fertilizer. Contains large
percentage of Humus and all fertilizing substances

Ideal for all crops ;

necessary to promote Plant life. Tests place it
far ahead of chemical or other fertilizers. Readily
applied to the soil. Let us quote you prices.

Send for our book, “Fertile Facts”
Tells how to fertilize the soil so that productive crops may be
raised. Special matter for lawn and market gardeners, Florists,
Nersesymen and Fasmess, Sent FREE
this ac.

NATURAL GUANO COMPANY
Dept.10 , 301 Montgomery Avenue, Aurora, Ill.

if you mention

Tue CampripGeE MepiavAL History. Ed-
ited by H. M. Gwatkin, M.A., and J. P.
Whitney, B.D. Vol. I—“The Christian
Roman Empire.” By Professor H. M.
Gwatkin, Professor J. S. Reed, Dr. Nor-
man H. Baynes, Rev. T. M. Lindsay, C.
H. Turner, M.A., Dr. Martin Bang, Dr.
M. Manitius, Dr. Ludwig Schmidt, Dr.
M. Christian Pfister, Dr. T. Peisker, Dr.
i) jis Havertield hs G Me Beck, MUA,
Ernest Barker, M.A., Professor Maurice
Dumoulin, E. W. Brooks, M.A., Alice
Gardner, Dom. E. C. Butler, Professor
Paul Vinogradoff, Rev. H. F. Stewart,
and Professor W. R. Lethaby. New
York: The Macmillan Company, 1911.
Cloth 8vo. Maps; 754 pp. Price, $5.00
net.

The Syndics of the Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, on the completion of “The
Cambridge Modern History,” undertook to
publish a comprehensive history of mediz-
val times, drawn up on similar lines. The
work covers the period from Constantine
to the close of the Middle Ages, and is to
appear in eight volumes, of which this is
the first.

The principles which have guided the
conception of this work are those laid down
by the late Lord Acton for “The Cam-
bridge Modern History,” though experience
has suggested some improvements of detail
in the mode of carrying these principles
out.

The need of some such work is evident,
for there is nothing resembling it in the
English language. Gibbon deals mainly
with the Empire, and with the Teuton, the
Slav, the Magyar, the Turk, and even the
Saracen, chiefly in their connection with
the Empire. Even the great French work
of Lavisse and Rambaud deals with the
Middles Ages on a much smaller scale than
is here contemplated. The present work is
to cover the entire field of European me-
dizval history, and in every chapter will
sum up recent research upon the subject.

This first volume deals with the period
of the Fall of the Roman Empire in the
West, and no more scholarly work than this
has appeared in English.

THE Papacy AND MopERN TIMES. By
Rey. William Barry, D.D. New York:
Henry Holt & Company, 1912. Cloth
16mo.; 256 pp. Price, 50 cents net.

The writer of this book is well known
as an author of the “Papal Monarchy” and
the present volume is a story of the rise and
fall of Temporal Power of the Papacy, well
written and philosophical in presenting a
résumé of the questions arising from mod-
ern knowledge and the separation of church
and state.

PINS AND PrncusHIons. By E. D. Long-
man and S. Loch. New York: Long-
mans, Green & Co., 1911. Cloth, 8vo.
Illustrated by 43 plates. 188 pages.
Price, $3 net.

This is une of the most entertaining vol-
umes to one interested in the byways of
collecting, well written and copiously illus-
trated. The first chapter presents a history
of the pin from ancient times to the pres-
ent day, and the layman is surprised to find
so much worth while, knowing that he
might have missed but for a perusal of this
historical résumé. From the time of Cleo-
patra to the present pins and pincushions
have rendered important service to human-
ity, and the authors have succeeded in
making those of us who take up the subject
for the first time feel that we have, in the
past, been neglectful of our duty in slight-
ing these little “hold-togethers” and their
lore.

4 99

‘Come Into the Shade
Heres real escape from the discom-
forts of Summer. In shade as cool
and breezy as that to be found under
the spreading branches of a great tree

—your porch will be ever ready for
any use.

Vudor

Porch Shades

transform your porch into a living-room, more delizht-
ful and more inviting than any other in the house. You
will use it oftener—you can receive guests, read, write,
play cards—even sleep there.

No one can look in, though you can easily see out.
The sun's hot rays are kept out, though air gets in
easily.

You will want to equip your porch this Summer with
some porch shades—and unless you are careful you
may be sold something other than the genuine Vudor
Shades Remember this in buying: the Vudor name
plate is on every shade and guarantees wear of
seasons instead of weeks. Vudor shades are unaffected

y weather, time or usage, and harmonize with any
surroundings.

Write for Book
illustrated in colors and well written. If you are in-
terested in making your porch comfortable and cozy
all Summer, you will be interested in this book. Use
the coupon,

Hough Shade Corporation
240 Mill St., Janesville, Wis.

(Also sole manufacturers of

Vudor Reinforced Ham- Se
mocks, which cost no “er F oo
more than ordinary RS A
hammocks, but (e) sf e
| , aS ©
last twice oo
eo oe ye
wa e
a _
ae? oe
x aes rod
R) x
cot ons x"
@ <4? oot
os oS hes SS ao
aS ge? ai
grr dS :
2 Ro ae
pe ot 3s

PROTEC Your floors

Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U.S, A.
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

= CABINET =

The Only Modern,Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door.
plate brass trimmings.
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps. shrinks, nor swells.
Dust and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bath Room

Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send forillus-
m@ trated circular.

The Recessed Stee] HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago

Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet.

Nickel
Steel or glass

XXIV

HiH| | qn

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

iy UMA i
I

The comfort center of the home

HE. only feature of comfort available in the modern home not
T available fifty years ago is that shown in the little circle. This
same degree of comfort is within the reach of the modest purse.
Remember that the L. Wolff Manufacturing Company has been for
seven years more than this same half century the leader in the manu-
facture of plumbing goods and is now the only manufacturer of the

complete line. Send for our booklet—FREE.
ESTABLISHED 1855

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

ANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm
General Offices: 601 to 627 West Lake Street, Chicago

Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago

TRENTON, N. J. DENVER, COLO.
Branch Offices:

Omaha, Neb. St. Louis, Mo. Cleveland, Ohio
Minneapolis, Minn. San Francisco, Cal. Washington, D.C.
Buffalo, N. Y. allas, Texas

AAA
MMMM

Kansas City, Mo.
Cincinnati, Ohio

Camden, S. C.

T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ

Of the Sagamore on Lake George and the
ontclair, New Jersey

April, 1912

GENUINE

‘¢PHILADELPHIA”

LAWN MOWERS
Are to-day the Standard, as they were in 1869

EG ”»
ALL STEEL oe G

Strictly High Grade in every respect. All knives of Vanadium

Crucible Steel. Workmanship the finest. Makers of the only oe

; sieee Mowers, without a rival in their class. Also styles E.

. M. XX and Golf. Horse Mowers—we lead, as we do in Hand
Mowers. Buy the ‘‘Philadelphia’’ and you will use no other.

The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company

Over 42 years Makers of High Grade Goods Only
31st and Chestnut Streets PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A.

LET’S MAKE A F LOWER GARDEN

By Hanna RION

If you like to dig in the Spring and younnd it
areal pleasure to put on your old clothes, get out
a spade, and turn over damp clods of the reawak-
ening soil, you will find this the greatest source
of inspiration and at the same time the most val-
uable book you ever read in its wealth of practical
suggestion. Fully illustrated with photographs
and with decorations by Frank Ver Beck. Price,
$1.35 net; postage, 14 cents.

The House and Garden “Making” Books

Here is a brand new
idea in practical books
for the house-owner on
every feature in the mak-
ing of a house and gar-
den. The books are
written by experts in each
subject, they are beauti-
fully printed and illus-
trated, and are of a con-
venient size. The low
cost of the books is re-
markable in view of their
value. Price, 50 cents
net; postage, 5 cents.

MAKING A ROSE GAR-
DEN

MAKING A LAWN

MAKING A TENNIS
COURT

MAKING A GARDEN TO

BLOOM THIS YEAR

MAKINC THE GROUNDS
ATTRACTIVE WITH
SHRUBBERY

MAKING PATHS AND
DRIVEWAYS

MAKING A POULTRY
HOUSE

MAKING A ROCK GAR-
DEN

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES FOR COUNTRY
HOUSES

A symposium by prominent architects, each of
whom demonstrates the advantages of one of the
prevailing distinctive types of present day houses.
An indispensable book for the prospective builder
who has not yet decided on a style for his house.
Fully illustrated. Price, $2.00 net; postage, 20c.

THE HALF-TIMBER HOUSE

A mine of information regarding the half-tim-
ber style; how and where it originated and its
chief characteristics in construction and detail. It
will prevent the making of mistakes in planning
and building such a house. Written for the lay-
man. Illustrated. Price, $2.00 net; postage, 20c,

CONCRETE AND STUCCO HOUSES

The whole fascinating subject of building the
fireproof or fire-resisting house is here set forth in a
manner that is entertaining as well as informative.
If you intend to build do not fail to consider the
type of house of either concrete or stucco. IIlus-
trated. Price, $2.00 net; postage, 20c.

INEXPENSIVE HOMES OF INDIVIDUALITY
Second and enlarged edition.

This volume is published in response to the con-
stant demand for pictures and floor plans of the
best homes being built to-day. It is full of the
greatest amount of suggestion for the prospective
builder. ‘Chere is an introduction by Frank Miles
Day and a discussion of costs by Aymar Embury,
II. Price, 75c. net; postage, 8c.

Order from your bookseller, Send for Catalog.

McBRIDE, NAST & CO.

Publishers
; NEW YORK

UNION SQUARE

April, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXV

THE PROPER CARE OF SHADE
TREES IN CITIES AND TOWNS
By ISAAC MOTES

HE man with even an elementary
knowledge of forestry is often filled
with indignaticn while walking the streets
of cities and towns, when he sees beau-
tiful shade trees being tortured to death
by slow degrees. ven city foresters,
who ought to know better, seldom give
their trees ideal conditions for growth,
though this must surely be because, with so
many to look after, such an extent of city
streets, parkways and parks to care for,
they haven’t the time which they need to
deyote to the trees. This is all the more to
be regretted, because with plenty of water
for sprinkling trees will grow better than
in the forest, for it is lack of moisture
more than lack of a rich soil, which causes
a tree to languish. It is sad to see a tree
starved for lack of moisture, or murdered
by being crowded too closely between the
edge of the sidewalk and the curbstone.
Not only should the trunk of the tree not
be crowded, but there should be a strip
wide enough to make sure of the tree’s
getting enough water where it stands in
locations which make it impossible to
sprinkle. And this strip should be level,
and be kept always loose and loamy.

It is certainly a reflection upon the city
forester, or the owner of a fine residence
block in city or town, that trees are more
graceful and healthy in natural groves than
in yards and parks and along city streets.
It is safe to say that at least one-fifth of
the trees you see along the streets of a
city are defective in some particular. They
have rotten, deformed trunks, or they have
scars where they have been wired to stakes,
or else trees which require but little mois-
ture have received too much, and this has
caused a fungus growth upon their trunks,
or a watery, spongy rot to attack the heart
of the tree, and when this is the case with
any tree it is doomed, though it may suc-
ceed in living on for perhaps a dozen years.

The tree planter should know the nature
especially of every tree he sets out near
the sidewalk. He should look ahead and be
able to tell how much room the tree will
need twenty, thirty, forty or fifty years
hence.

He should know how long the tree may
be reasonably expected to live, and how
large its trunk will be at that time, for
some trees live for centuries, and grow
until the year of their death, while others
live only thirty, forty or fifty years, and
stop growing years before they die. If a
long-lived tree, one which grows large and
tall, there should be plenty of room for the
trunk to increase in size, and for moisture
to soak into the ground around it. If the
space between the outer edge of the side-
walk and the curbstone is narrow a segment
of the sidewalk should be left out, its width
depending upon the character of the tree
and the probable size to which it will grow

There should be no grass around young
trees, but rather a circle of bare, level
earth, to enable trees to drink in all the
moisture they can, in order to form a good
root growth, but later, after the trees get
larger, this bare place may be allowed to
grow up in grass, especially if the tree
stands upon level ground. If on a hilside,
and the tree is a moisture demanding one,
like the cottonwood, boxelder, black walnut
or catalpa, the turf around it should be
kept somewhat loosened by sticking a
slender, sharp pointed pick into the earth
and prying it up slightly, but not enough to
kill the grass, thus enabling more moisture
to soak into the ground.

Sound Living
Tree has a money as
well as a_ sentimental

value, therefore it is too
precious to neglect.

The Davey Tree Experts
Do

a class of work accomplished by no other set of
men—they succeed where others fail.

If you are the owner of an estate, a country or
city house with trees, we want you to write for
our book, which is interesting and valuable to you
—it tells the fascinating story of John Davey,
Father of Tree Surgery—what he accomplished—
the institute he founded, and how the Davey
Tree Experts are saving trees and money for
property owners.

Don’t let any man touch a tree on your place
unless he shows you credentials proving him quali-
fied to perform the work.

All graduates from the “Davey Institute of Tree
Surgery” carry such testimony, and are em-
ployed by the Davey Tree Expert Company—
WE NEVER LET GOOD MEN GO.

An early writing for our book is advised, be-
cause “Procrastination is the Thief of Trees”

Be sure to mention the number of trees
you own, and their species. Address,

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT
COMPANY, Inc.
230 Filbert St. Kent, O.

Branch Offices: New York, N. Y.,
Chicago, Ill., Toronto, Can.

Canadian Address: 630
Conf. Life Building
Toronto, Ontario
Representatives
Available
Every-
where

DAVEY TREE
EXPERT WORK

G ONTHE
JOHN DAVEY CAPITOL GROUNDS
Father of Tree Surgery WASHINGTON DC

Sample and f A House Lined with

~ O Mineral Wool

Free

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

ia 7 U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
4 cross.section THRovaH FLoor. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

VERTICAL SECTION,

XXVI1

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

April, 1912

HOW TO TELL

66 99

REG US PAT OFF

RAIN COATS

<2 This circular
. registered trade mark
his stamped on
the inside and a

Silk Gen Label

is sewed at the collar or elsewhere.

“None Genuine Without Them’

is applied to
many kinds of cloth suitable for
men's, women’s and children’s outer
garments in light, medium and
heavy weights for all seasons of the
year, and are for wear in rain or
shine.

“Rain will neither wet nor
spot them.”

They contain no rabber. have

no disagreeable odor; will not over-
heat or cause perspiration.

For sale by leading dealers in Men’s,
Women’s and Children’s Clothing.

Giavendle Co.,Ltd

BRADFORD, ENGLAND

Go. USA,

HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY

BPricatley + GO,
BRADFORD, ENGLAND

A postal to the New York office of B. Priestley & Co.,
100 Fifth Avenue, will bring interesting booklet.

WANTED —Young man of good birth desires engage-
ment as companion to gentleman in country, or as traveling
companion. European reared, experienced traveler. Missions
to foreign countries undertaken. Address, J. Condenhove,
care of V. Osris, 500 Shady Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.

FURNITURE DRAPERIES FLOOR COVERINGS

ARTHUR D. RUSSELL
INTERIOR DECORATIONS

Schemes for harmonious furnishings, with the
essential keynote of Owner’s individuality necessary
to their appreciation.

TELEPHONE, GREELEY 2707
1 WEST 34TH STREET NEW YORK

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St.. N, Y.C.
Benches. Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts.
GARDEN EXPERTS

Send 15c. for Booklet : :
See Sweet’s Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599.
SL

Mantels

In large parks also, where no sprinkling
is done it is important that this circle of
loose, bare earth should be left around all
trees which are moisture demanding, and
which stand on hillsides, so the ground may
absorb all the moisture possible after every
rain during the late Spring and the long,
hot Summers, and immediately after every
rain which beats the ground down hard this
circle should be dug up again, putting it in
shape to catch more moisture during the
next rain, also forming a dust mulch to
assist in retaining the moisture longer,
should no more rain fall for a long time.
This digging and all other cultivation should
stop, however, in thé late Summer, since
cultivation induces growth and growth
should stop in August, in order to give the
new wood formed that season time to
toughen and harden before cold weather.
If the cultivation is continued too late the
buds will be kept in a swollen condition, and
will be in danger of early freezing, espe-
cially in northern latitudes.

The tree planter should also know some-
thing about the character of a tree’s root
system, whether its roots go down deep in
the earth or not. If the roots are shallow
the tree should be planted rather deep in
loose, loamy soil, in order to make sure
that the roots extending out towards the
street may pass under the curbstone, which
may have been let into the ground from
twelve to sixteen inches, for if they strike
it they will be turned back, and may come
to the top of the ground, or form a snarled
bunch of roots against the curbstone, just
below the surface of the ground, greatly
retarding the growth of the tree.

The city tree planter or forester should
be careful also to prune his trees properly.
This means that the limbs should not be
cut off too close to the body of the tree, nor
yet should they be left too long. The length
of the nub left should depend upon the size
of the limb. A good rule is to let the
length equal one-quarter the diameter of
the limb cut off. The cut should preferably
be somewhat slanting, and the cut place
should be painted with white paint contain-
ing a good deal of oil or else use a grafting
or coaltar wax.

Some of these preparations should be
used every time a cut is made upon a tree,
whether in pruning off lower limbs or hew-
ing off the bark slightly where it is neces-
sary to drive a staple into a tree, as in case
of fastening a woven wire fence to a tree
in the yard, or where you cut off a limb
higher up in a tree to prevent the shade
from being too dense, or to prevent the
rubbing together of two limbs. It should
be remembered that pruning out limbs in
the crown of the trees is as necessary as
cutting off low limbs, where the trees
stand in grassy yards or lawns, and espe-
cially if they stand somewhat thick, for the
thin tops allow the sunshine to fall upon
the grass and give it luxuriance. It is more
necessary that trees have thin tops when
standing in grassy yards, parks and lawns
than when standing anywhere else.

The tree planter should know just what
trees are moisture demanding and which
are drouth enduring, and give them just
the amount of moisture they need. The
drouth enduring trees will do reasonably
well anywhere.

It is easily possible, however, to give such
trees too much moisture. To trees which
do best in dry sections, an excess of mois-
ture is a detriment.

Among the drouth enduring trees suit-
able for ornamental planting in yards,
parks and lawns, are the red cedar, most
of the pines, mesquit, Russian mulberry,
white elm, hackberry, silver maple and most

f BUILDING
' THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL

EGARDLESS of the cost of building a home, it

may be something beautiful.
matter of dollars, but of taste. Of course, the more
dollars the more opportunity for taste; but a $1000
cottage may be just as unique, as a $25,000 man-
sion. Discrimination must be used in both cases.

By putting intothe
The House that’s You, Py Putting interme

touches that are characteristic of you, the house is
1 made your house in a personal sense. It’s different

from all other houses, and ifit truly expresses you,
itis truly beautiful.

Beauty isn’t a

| g Such a house detached

Its Surroundings. from its surroundings is
not a home at all. It is the complete whole that
makes your home a cozy corner for all who know
you—the house and its gardenthat makes ‘‘home.”’

‘ There must bea way
The Way to Build It, *h< face thereon
way —to build the ideal home. Somebody, some-
where, stands a-tiptoe, ready to doit. In fact, for
twenty years we have been doing this thing, gain-
ing a wide and wider experience; and so, scattered
U over the country you will find houses that nestle
into the landscape ; homes, you will feel grew there
by some natural process.
Into our books of home-
i Our Book of Homes. { designs is crystalized
q our twenty years of experience, illustrated by
hy scores of homes we have built, with descriptions
IK covering every phase of the subject, including deco-
rations, furnishings, andthe garden environment.
“Distinctive Homes and Gardens” also tell how to
avoid the usual pitfalls of excess cost.

i==

No. 1—35 designs, $1000 to $6000, $1.00
No. 2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00
No.3—Combining No.1 and 2, $1.50

Stock plans priced in each book. Ask for
sur special offer on original plans.

-The Kauffman Company-
i\ 620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO

ed orien

SSS Sa04.02S

7S a eS SS)

Sesesese

Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer
Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39-49 W. 8th ST., NEW YORK

We are Selling Out all Furniture, Silver,
Brass, Etc., at our 49 West 8th St. Branch

Mahogany Inlaid
Tip Table $5.00

International
Rose Exposition

| eae
J.L. Mock

Has been awarded
two Gold Medals,
one Silver Medaland
other honors. Chosen

by the International
Jury of Award, of which
our ation Mr. Robert Pyle, was the
sole American member.

A magnificent variety. Brilliant carmine, shading to
imperial pink. The large, symmetrical, highly per-
fumed blooms are produced in great profusion and
are carried on stiff, erect stems. The bush growth

is vigorous and free. By all means, add this rose

to your collection.

THREE SIZES—1-yr. 35c; 2-yr. 75c; 3-yr. $1.
$5.00 orders delivered free. -

In any event, write for our new catalogue of ‘The
Best Roses for America) ” including valuable data

for rose lovers. FREE

THE CONARD & JONES CO.
Box 52, West Grove, Pa.
Rose Specialists +50 years’ experience.

April, 1912

of the other maples, chestnut oak, Mexican
walnut, Persian walnut, bur-oak, white and
Lombardy poplar, Russian olive, Chinese
arborvitae, chestnut, white and Norway
spruce, European larch, white and Douglas
fir and honey locust.

Among the moisture demanding trees are
the black walnut, persimmon, both native
and Japanese, white oak, pin oak, white
hickory, pecan, cottonwood, hardy catalpa,
sycamore, willows and elms, red maple and
other maples (most of the maples seem to
do well on either dry or moist soils), the
boxelder and the linden. These should
have plenty of room, and if standing on
narrow strips between the curbstone and the
sidewalk there should be a circular gap
left in one edge of the sidewalk to catch as
much water as possible.

SOME OF THE MANY USES TO
WHICH PAPER MAY BE PUT

HILE there is nothing like linen for

paper-making, many other things will
serve as substitutes. For instance, patents
have been issued in various countries,
says Tit Bits, for the manufacture of
paper from barley, oats, rice, Indian
corn, peas, beans, alfalfa, ramie, pine-
needles, sugar-cane refuse, jute, moss, sea-
weed; tobacco, lichens, the leaves and bark
of trees, beets, potatoes, and other equally
strange things. In most cases the price of
manufacture is excessive when we consider
the quality of the product. The great bulk
of our paper—not the best, but that most
commonly used—is made, as most people
know, oi the wood of certain. coniferous
trees, chiefly spruce and larch.

Paper can be made from nearly any-
thing, and nearly anything can be made
irom paper.

With compressed paper are made wheels,
rails, cannon, horseshoes, polishers for
gems, bicycles, and asphalted tubes for gas
or electric wires. ~

With wood pulp and zinc sulphate there
has been an attempt, in Berlin, to make ar-
tificial bricks for paving. After subjecting
them to a pressure of 2,000 tons per cubic
centimetre, they are baked for forty-eight
hours. In similar fashion are made roofing
tiles and water pipes. Telegraph poles made
of rolled sheets of paper are hollow, lighter
than wood, and resist weather well.

In Japan they make, of paper, clothing,
window frames, lanterns, umbrellas, hand-
kerchiefs, artificial leather, etc. In the
United States, and even in Germany, are
made paper coffins. In Germany they make
paper barrels, vases, and milk bottles.

Straw hats may now be bought into which
enters not an atom of straw. They are made
of narrow paper strips, dyed yellow. Arti-
ficial sponges are made of cellulose, or paper
pulp. One man has taken out a patent for
paper thread to be used in sewing shoes,
and a brand of artificial silk is made on a
basis of paper pulp.

The use of paper in industry may be in-
definitely extended. It is employed to make
imitation porcelain, for bullets, shoes, bil-
liard-table cloth, sails for boats, boards for
building, impermeable bags for cement and
powdered substances, boats and vessels for
water. There has been made a paper stove,
which is said to have stood the fire well.
Cellulose may be used to prepare a water-
proof coating that may be applied like paint.
Whole houses have been built of paper; in
Norway there is a church, holding 1,000
persons, built entirely of it, even to the
belfry.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

XXxvii

Automatic Ice Saver Shelves

Made to fit
ar YOUR REFRIGERATOR
The Ice Man Won’t Like It, But You Will

@ Without the Automatic Ice Saver your refrigerator eats up ice. The air in the Food Com-
partments is much warmer than that in the ice compartments, and this warm air being al-
lowed to circulate freely about the ice, causes the ice to melt rapidly, without rendering the
service itshould Just asthe heat from your furnace has in part been escaping up the chimney,
so the ice in your refrigerator has been disappearing down the waste pipe long before anything
Ilke its full measure of coldness has been properly utilized, Your ice will work twice if you
use Automatic Ice Saver Shelves. As the ice melts the water runs through tubes formed as
shelves. These tubes are rust proof and are so constructed that they remain full of ice-cold
water—which passes o y gravity overflow. Refrigeration is perfected by the lowered
temperature, your food rests on cold shelves—and is in close contact with circulating cold
water. The food compartment is absolutely dry. ““Sweating”’ of the drain pipe is abolished
—and dryness means increased sanitation.

@ Housekeeper or maid can readily remove shelves and keep them clean and wholesome
by flushing. The inlet pipe is equipped with a funnel which has a trap to prevent the in-
gress of sediment and dirt. Nothing to get out of order.

Preserves your food. Protects your health.
Lessens your work. Reduces your ice bill.

Average Price, $5.00 to $7.50, according to size

Write for further details of this ice-saving and health-preserving invention

The shelves rest upon the same
cleats on which ordinary shelves rest,
so that anyone can install them in an

Agents can secure exclusive control of rich teri tlory by writing quickly.

HARDWARE UTILITIES COMPANY

instant, as no adjustment is necessary. 68-70 HUDSON STREET, Dept. G.

HOBOKEN, N. J-

IRISH ROSES” TREES EVERGREENS

FRUITAND O

Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect

And Hardy Perennials.

Liberal Discounts on Large Orders. Catalogue Free.

S. G. Harris ROSEDALE NURSERIES “tanevrawn WAV

IFTY years ago the Pony Express
becanie the most efficient messenger
service ever known.

Pony riders carried messages from
Missouri to California, nearly two thou-
sand miles across mountains and des-
erts, through blizzards and sand storms,
constantly in danger of attack by
hostile Indians.

Fresh horses were supplied at short
intervals, and the messages, relayed
from rider to rider, were delivered in
the record-breaking time of seven and
one-half days.

Railroad and telegraph took the place

The Pony Express

_A Pioneer of the Bell System

of the Pony Express, carrying messages
across this western territory. Today
the telephone lines of the Bell System
have done more, for they have bound
together ranch and mine and camp and
village.

This network of telephone lines,
following the trails of the Indians, con-
nects with the telegraph to carry mes-
sages throughout the world.

By means of Universal Bell Service
the most remote settler is no longer
isolated, but has become a constantly
informed citizen of the American Com-
monwealth.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

One System

Universal Service

XXVIII

AMERICAN

Evergreens as grown for specimens at Andorra Nurscries

PLANT FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give

an immediate effect. Spring Price List gives complete information.

ANDORRA NURSERIES ® spent

N PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window

STANDING SEAM

° Sele suite
ey is °

im
Q

Ih
ace
l'@'|®,

LS mit 2
Gime Ventilating Lock
CLINCH right through the ose VED WAN Su0es
standing seam of metal came aa assuring you of fresh air and pro-
roofs. No rails are needed Ae Sy tection against intrusion. Safe

unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CO.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

PATENTED

SoLE MANUFACTURER® one

Broomell’s “VICTOR”

Victor Cl
ictor €aners Electric Stationary

The cost of installing a Stationary Vacuum Cleaner in an old or
new house is very small in comparison with the cost, of other things
about the house. While it is a difficult matter to make a first class
Vacuum Cleaner (the Victor is an absolutely first class machine, not
equaled by any in the world), it is an easy matter to install the
machine after it is made.

Asa rule only one riser is required in a house. This can be con-
cealed if the house is new, or a handsome nickel-plated pipe used
if the house is already built.

The Victor can be set up in a fewhourstime. It works perfectly
noiseless. It is a real ““Wacuum Cleaner,” not an ‘air machine.”

Send for booklet giving full information.

VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY, York, Pa.

“Tt looks good to me.”
VAY

| ANA TNA

A ANT

INA Arm EiPD,

A lawn roller whose weight can be adjusted to the conditions of your lawn, garden, tennis

court or driveway. \
A heavy Machine for the hard, dry summer lawn;

e
All In One A heavier Machine for the driveway or tennis court

Why buy one of the old style iron or cement fixed-weight rollers that is generally too heavy or too light
to do your lawn the most good, paying for two or three hundred pounds of useless metal—and freight
on it as well—when less money will buy the better, more efficient.

“ANYWEIGHT” WATER BALLAST LAWN ROLLER

A difference of 50 pounds may mean success or ruin to your lawn— a half ton machine will spoil it in
early spring, while a 200-lb. roller is absolutely useless later in the season. If you desire a fine, soft,
springy turf of deep green, instead of a coarse, dead looking patch of grass, usean ‘‘Anyweight ater
Ballast Roller—built in 3 sizes, all of 24-inch diameter and of 24, 27 and_ 32-inch width, Drums boiler
riveted or acetylene welded. Weight 115, 124 or 132 lbs. empty—from that “‘anyweight”’ up to half a ton
when ballasted. Filled in 30 seconds—emptied in a jiffy. Runs easy—lasts a lifetime.

’

A light Machine for the soft, wet spring lawn;

HOMES AND GARDENS

1 - W ; tpaid, luabl: d interesting
This Book Sent Free: cyl a vow, posteaig, on van Sher with folder
about the ‘‘Anyweight.”’

Write us to-day. Save money—save your lawn.

WILDER STRONG IMPLEMENT CO., Box 9, Monroe, Mich.

thre

am
im

April, 1912

A ONE-STREET VILLAGE

CCORDING to a writer in The Fruit

Magazine there are many small villages
in the world that have only one street,
but Lerwick, in Shetland, besides having
only a single street, possesses only one tree,
and it is not a very tall one, either. There
are no land birds there, not even a sparrow,
but the seagulls are plentiful. The inhabi-
tants of Shetland are very proud of their
tree and very kind to the gulls, of whom
the children make pets. Children who are
brought for the first time to see the wonders
of one-streeted Lerwick are always shown
as a great curiosity “the only tree in Shet-
land.”

The seagulls are the sparrows of Lerwick,
and as such they have a greater share in
the town’s life than the sparrows of Lon-
don. In the morning you will note that a
seagull sits on every chimney top. Sea-
gulls swoop and hover over every roof in
town. The air is full of their strange, high,
plaintive, haunting cries. Every house has
its own familiar seagulls and every area
its own band of them. But they never mix.
The children in each house have a pet name
for their own particular gulls, and, hav-
ing called them by those names, they feed
them every day.

Each seagull knows what is meant for
him. No bird attached to one house ever
seeks to eat the food scattered from the
house next door. He does not dare to do
so. So, all day long, the seagulls hover and
call over the roofs of Lerwick. The people
of the town, if they come across a little
pile of rice laid upon the roadway, step
over it with care. They know that it has
been placed there for some seagull. And
at night the seagulls leave their appointed
chimney pots and fly gracefully away to
their resting places on the rocks of the Isle
of Noss.

MINING IN THE STONE AGE

T is known, says a writer in Harper's

Weekly, that many of the mines now
worked were worked by the Romans, and
that the Roman miners did nothing but
continue the work begun by the Gauls, who
were habituated to the use of metals.

The first mining was done in the stone
age. The mines of cobaltiferous copper, in
Spain, date from a prehistoric time. These
mines are distinguished by a singular ar-
rangement of the ways of access. Instead of
horizontal galleries along the sides of the
mine, there are vertical chimneys, like wells,
metres deep, ending in metal strata. The
arrangement of these primitive shafts may
have been planned to make it easy for the
overseers of the mines to watch the slaves
as they worked, and also to prevent the en-
trance of wild beasts. That the mines were
worked in prehistoric times was demon-
strated by the discovery of fifteen skeletons
of men, who, presumably, were killed by a
cave-in. Some of them lay under rocks. In
their hands were heavy tools, hatchets made
of stone, and picks carved from the bones
of animals, The skeletons were of great
height and of powerful structure; the
thumbs of the enormous hands were twice
the length of the thumb of the modern
workman. But though so tall, the men were
of excessively narrow build, as was shown
by the width of the places in which they
worked. The veins of clay were removed by
the hand, as is shown by innumerable fin-
ger marks.

TRADE |

XCELSIORBRUSRROOF

_ Se _M Cer Le d
FENCE- FLOWER BED:GUARD=FRELLIS-TREE PROTECTORS ELC

S MA ‘| Ay : gi 4 :
RTT BRET EE ee s-
ee ; ae | Ui i Hy a ae Si i) ; Y j
! x

Sots ie
PDF. eee
ieeeaiaeinritiil

Arne 68h

ara ;
TULANE
Pe

HE ordinary “galvanized” wire fences are made from wire which has received

a very light coating of zinc. During the process of weaving and bending,
: the zinc is broken loose in patches, and the wire laid bare, so that rust
sets 1n at once.

EXCELSIOR “RUST-PROOF” Fences are first completely formed, and then dipped slowly

into pure melted zinc. There isn’t a’spot which is not covered, and the entire fabric is welded
into one piece.

_ EXCELSIOR “RUST-PROOF” Fences last for many years in any climate without a drop of
paint. They are tasteful in design, and afford perfect protection to grounds or garden.
Order from your hardware dealer. Ask us for an illustrated catalog.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass.

33 West Michigan Street, Chicago 410 Commerce Street, Philadelphia
256 Broadway, New York City 125 Summer Street. Boston
420 First Avenue, Pittsburgh 5 First Street, San Francisco

eT TTTTUTVVTTATTTTTUTTTTUUULTLLUTHTULUUEROLLLLLTUUUCLUTLCCLLLLLALLLLLLALCCULREEEL ELLER

FuNts FINE FURNITURE

AN INVESTMENT THAT PAYS

In appearance, quality and workmanship, in beauty of
finish and “fitness” of design, FLINT’S FINE FUR-
NITURE bears unmistakable evidence of seventy years
devoted to the production of FURNITURE THAT
“WEARS’—

Furniture that gives a lifetime of service; that “lasts”
from an artistic pomt of view; that AS AN INVEST-
MENT “PAYS.”

Our exhibition of Spring and Summer Styles makes
plain to all that furniture “built Flint Quality” is distinctly
an artistic production, however simple in character or low
in price.

Tanglefoot

A harmless sticky sub-
stance applied directly to
tree trunks. Remains effective, rain or shine, three months
and longer, fully exposed to weather. One pound makes
about 9 lineal feet of band. No apparatus required, easily
applied with wooden paddle. Especially recommended
against gypsy, brown-tail and tussock moth caterpillars, bag
worms, canker worms and climbing cut worms, but equally
effective against any climbing pest. Tree Tanglefoot needs
nomixing. Itisalwaysready for use. Do not wait until you
see the insects. Band your trees early and get best results.

Price: 1-lb. cans, 30c.; 3-lb. cans, 85c; 10-Ib. cans, $2.65;
20-Ib cans, $4.80. For sale by all reliable seed houses.

The O. & W. Thum Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Manufacturers of Tanglefoot Fly Paper and Tree Tanglefoot. Send Sor Booklet.

(Booklet illustrating Spring and Summer Styles
mailed on request.)

GEo.C. Fuint Co.

43-47 West 23% ST

MI TTHTTTTUUUVUTNOTOOUOVNUTUUTUPTOUUTTEUUUTCUUCTCUUUURTEUUUTRUCUUATOVUUELCURCUULCCIOALULNALELULLELERLLLUELLLL

24-28 West 24" St.

STULL UNL NALUUUUALUULUUU

MTT CTT et

_—

eyes and
pick, one tire out of a thousand

You could shut* your

a Dp rT Pe

MOND TIRES

and you wa get a perfect tire.

Any tire that bears the name “‘ Diamond”’ in raised
letters on its. side is a.safe tire to buy. The name
“Diamond” is your assurance that the tire that bears
it is worthy to uphold the Diamond prestige for
greatest mileage and most satisfactory service.

While Diamond Tires are made to fit every size
and style of rim, and with several styles of treads,
there is only one quality — the highest—the same in
every Diamond Tire.

You don’t ‘have to be on your guard when
you buy Diamond Tires. The most extended
experience in judging tires would not give you
any advantage over the man who simply makes
sure that the name Diamond is on every tire . |
he buys. Ed a

In addition to dependable dealers every- oa ie
where, there are FIFTY-FOUR Diamond on id
Service Stations. Diamond Service means cod Mie
more than merely selling tires — it means oe ae

taking care of Diamond Tire users.

The Diamond Rabber @mpany
AKRON

We Could build them Cheaper, Bu? we Wont

We Would build them Better, But ‘we Cant —

NA
Af) <le0
WSC" AS Annua

]
|
i

cel

K, N.

Reo

the

Fifth---$1,055

It Took 25 Years to Build It

By R. E. Olds, Designer

years in

Reo the

I have spent 25
building automobiles.
Fifth is my 24th model

I have watched every im.
provement, all the world over,
from the very start of this
industry.

I have had actual experience
with tens of thousands of cars,
under every condition that
motorists meet.

All I have learned in those
25 years is embodied in this
ear. And I know of no other
engineer in the business who
builds cars as I build this.

My Precautions

What I mean is this:

The need for infinite care,
for utter exactness, for big
margins of safety is taught
by experience only.

Countless things which
theory approves are by use
proved insufficient.

Splendid cars fall down on
little points. The maker
corrects them. Then some-
thing else shows unexpected
shortcomings,

Perfection is reached only
through endless improvements.
It comes only with years of
experience. Were I buying a
car I would want it built by
the oldest man in the busi-
ness,

For Example

All the. steel I use is ana-
lyzed, so I know its exact al-
loy.

The gears are tested in a
crushing machine with 50 tons’

R. M. Owen & Co.

30-35
Horsepower
Wheel Base—
112 inches
Wheels—
34 inches
Demountable
Rims
Speed—
45 Miles per
Hour
Made with 2,
4 and 5 Pas-

senger Bodies

capacity. Thus I know to
exactness what each gear will
stand. I used to test them, as
others do, with a hammer.

I use Nickel Steel for the
axles and driving shaft, and
make them much larger than
necessary. These parts can’t
be too strong.

I use Vanadium Steel for con-
nections.

One after another I have cut
out ball bearings, because they
don’t stand the test. I use
roller bearings—Timken and
Hyatt High Duty. There are
only three ball bearings in this
whole car, and two are in the
fan,

I test my magneto under
tremendous compression, and
for ten hours at a time. My
carburetor is doubly heated—
with hot air and hot water.
Half the trouble comes from
low grade gasoline, and this
double heating avoids them.

I insist on utter exactness, a
thousand inspections, tests of
every part. Asa result, errors
don’t develop when the car
gets on the road.

Costly Care

I give to the body the same
care as the chassis, for men
like impressive cars.

The body is finished in 17
coats. The upholstering is
deep. It is made of genuine
leather and filled with hair.

The lamps are enameled.
Even the engine is nickel
trimmed. I finish each car
like a show car.

General Sales
Agents for

The wheels are large, the
car is over-tired. The wheel
base is long, the tonneau is
roomy, there is plenty of room
for the driver’s feet.

All the petty economies,

which are so common, are
avoided in Reo the Fifth.

My Level Best

This car embodies the best
I know. It is built, above all,
to justify men’s faith in my de-
signing.

Not one detail has been
stinted. Not one could be im-
proved by me if the car was
to sell for $2,000.

Reo the Fifth marks my
limit. I will yield my place
as the dean of designers ‘to
a man who can build a car
better.

Center Control
No Side Levers

In this car I bring out my
new center control. All the
gear shifting is done by mov-
ing this handle less than three
inches in each of four direc-
tions.

There are no side levers, so
the entrance in front is clear.
Both brakes are operated by
foot pedals, one of which also
operates the clutch.

This fact permits of the left
side drive. The driver may
sit, as he should: sit, close to
the cars he passes—on the up-
side of the *road. This was
formerly possible in electric
cars only.

Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ontario

The Little Price

The initial price on this car
has been fixed at $1,055. But
our contracts with dealers pro-
vide for instant advance.

This price, in the long run,
I regard as impossible. It is
based on maximum output, on
minimum ‘cost for materials.

We have a model factory,
splendidly equipped. Our out-
put is enormous. We have
spent many years in ‘cutting
cost of production. And this
year we save about 20 per
cent by building only one
chassis,in this great plant.

We can.undersell others, and
always will. But the present
price is too low under. aver-
age conditions: I am sure it
must. be advanced, and those
who delay must expect it.

This car will never be
skimped, while I build it; to
keep within an altruistic price.

You Can See It

In a Thousand Towns

We have dealers in a thou-
sand towns.. When you write
us for catalog we will tell you
the nearest.

Write to-day for this book.
It pictures the various up-to-
date bodies, and shows all the
interesting, facts. The Road-
ster type’sells for $1,000.

Never was.a car in: all my
experience made so welcome
as Reo:the Fifth. Men miss a
treat who fail to see this car
Address ..»

Reo Motor Car Co., Lani Mich.

Reo the Fifth

Top and windshield not included in price. We equip this car with mohair top, side curtains and slip-cover,

windshield, gas tank and speedometer—all for $100 extra.

Self-starter, if wanted, $20.00 extra.

May, 1912

POULTRY.

FEEDING THE GROWING CHICKS
By E. I. FARRINGTON

HEN chicks are hatched, at first they

will peck at anything, from sand to
sawdust. They will eat the ravelings from
brooder coverings and sometimes pick at
one another’s feet until the blood comes.
A week or more passes before a chick really
reaches the age of discretion.

Sharp sand is what the chicks should
eat first, and so the floor of the brooder
is usually strewn with it. No food is re-
quired for thirty-six hours or more because
the downy youngsters absorb the yolks of
the eggs from which they are hatched just
before they begin pecking their way to
freedom. The chicks ought not to be re-
moved from the brooder or from the under
the sitting hen until they are thoroughly
dry. They are wet, bedraggled little birds
when they make their appearance on the
stage of action.

Hard boiled eggs crumbled fine is the
traditional first meal, and an excellent but
by no means necessary one. Rolled oats
or dry oatmeal, such as the cook uses, may
be ied from the start. Some people mix
breadcrumbs with an egg the first day
and feed the breadcrumbs alone for sev-
eral days after. The first feedings should
not be too generous—just what the chicks
will eat up clean four times a day. The
rations, whatever they consist of, are best
given on a shingle for two or three days;
what is not eaten being removed. The
chicks should come to each meal with a
keen appetite, as expressed in voice and
manner.

If the chicks are being raised in a
brooder, or if they are confined with a hen
in a run, there should be a litter of cut
clover, alfalfa or hay on the floor, and as
soon as a habit of regular feeding has been
established, the grain should be thrown in
that litter so that the chicks will be obliged
to work a little in order to get it. An
abundance of exercise is very essential.
When the chicks are three or four days old
they may be given one of the commercial
chick feeds. Indeed, some people begin
with these feeds. The commercial mix-
tures greatly simplify the feeding question
for the amateur and are only a little more
expensive than mixtures made from grains
bought separately. They contain a variety
of grain, cracked fine. When the commer-

cial grain is not easily obtained, cracked ,

corn, wheat and rolled oats may be given.
Green food is needed after the first few
days and may consist of bits of lettuce, cab-
bage chopped fine or clover sweepings from
the barn floor.

After the first week, a dry mash is kept
in hoppers before the chicks at all times
on many poultry plants. This mash may be
a commercial mixture, in which case it
probably will contain alfalfa and _ beef
scraps, or it may consist of some such mix-
ture as the following: Three parts of
bran, one part of corn meal, one part of
middlings and one part of good beef scraps.
A little meat seems essential, if the chicks
are confined, and beef scraps are easily
handled. When the chicks have a wide

range they usually get enough bugs and.

AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS

: my ite hay ae 3 e e 9
+ Canton Summer Chairs at Vantine’s
ADE in China for us of weatherproof rattan and shipped to
New York for you—reflecting the luxurious Oriental idea of
flexible Summer comfort. Featherweight but strong—with-
out an angle to suggest restraint or an edge to scratch or mar.
Vantine’s Canton Furniture offers an atmosphere for outdoor
hospitality more inviting than pieces costing ten times as much.

Hour Glass Chairs, $4.50, $5, $6 and up to $12, according to size and shape.
Tea, Card and Lawn Tables, $1.75 to $5.50.

“Comfortable Summer Furniture”

Is the title of a beautiful little book printed in four colors—with scenic sugges-
tions of the manifold uses of this artistic and 1 expensive Summer luxury for
Porch, Lawn, Country Club or Yacht. A copy of this Book will be mailed
upon request.

The Unique Things from the Orient Come to Vantine’s

Our collection of Bronze. Lanterns, Buddhas, Storks and other figures,
Kongs and Garden Lanterns is one which is beyond comparison in this
country. In reproducing views of stone lanterns and figures in actual size
and amidst their surroundings of cool greenery, babbling brooks and
placid pools, the Vantine book

; - “Japanese Gardens in America”
aids even a well trained imagination with suggestions for gatden and lawn &
decorations... An intensely interesting book—M ay we send acopy to you ?

Vee:
Oa

ay
SRD

LSS

Japanese Screens
Table Porcelain
Oriental Rugs
Draperies and

You can shop by
Mail at Vantine’s
withthe sameas- |

surance of satis-

2 °

Wall Fabrics The Oriental Store. faction asifyou
Dress Silks personally pur-
Herfumes BROADWAY at 18th St., NEW YORK chased in our
Kimonos store.

Stores also at Boston and Philadelphia
ERR

4 me
eae,

A properly designed
If interested in and well planned
wood columns, | pergola is the finish-
send for catalog A

40.
Our catalog A 27

shows

ing touch to the
architectural and
landscape _ perfec-

illustrations tion of elaborate

of pergolas, | grounds—it is the

dials

furniture.

sun-
and garden onething needful to
It will

be sent on request.

confirm the artistic
| character of a mod-

est home.

HARTMANN-SANDERS
es hock forte COLUMNS & =
ee,

COMPANY

Suitable for

PERGOLAS, PORCHES AND
INTERIOR USE

Eastern Office
1123 Broadway, New York City

Elston and Webster Avenues
Chicago, Illinois

il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Reval tate Mart

Crows’ Nest

This Beautiful Colonial

Country Residence for Sale

@ Situated on Second Watchung
Mountain, on principal Avenue
of New Jersey Suburb less than
one hour from New York.

@ The house commandsa magnificent
panorama of mountains, valley,
plain, and New York City and Bay.

q Eighteen rooms and four baths.
All modern improvements. Three
porches, besides Sun Room and
Outdoor Room. Spacious Grounds

For particulars, address Box 773
“American Homes and Gardens”

361 Broadway, New York

COME TO

THE BERKSHIRE HILLS
LIFES WORTH LIVING UP HERE

High altitude, dry air, good water, and a
beautiful country. I sell Farms, Estates,
Homes and Manufacturing Sites. All
kinds and prices. Let me know what kind
of property you are looking for.

LP ll send illustrated booklet.
GEO. H. COOPER, Pittsfield, Mass.

Room 206, Agricultural Bank Building

Ocean Beach, Fire Island

Stucco Cement Bungalow, 4 Rooms, $600

Think It Over

We sell the things that improve the health
and increase the wealth of human happiness.
What are they>—Good air, pure water, surf
bathing, still-water bathing, fishing, shooting,
boating, cool refreshing ocean breezes and
Seashore Lots at Ocean Beach, Fire
Island. Price, $150 per fot and upward.
Furnished cottages and bungalows to rent.
Illustrated descriptive booklet free. Write
us to-day. Ocean Beach Improvement
Co., John A. Wilbur, President, 334
Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.

Surf Bathing at Ocean Beach -

South Gable, showing Sun Room and Outdoor Room,
with Rockery and Private Road in the foreground.

Houliry, Pet
and Live Stork
Directory

“‘SHETLAND AND WELSH PONIES”

A. K. QUICK, MEDFORD, MASS.

KILLED BY

RAT SCIENCE

By the woasetnl bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
Dr. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia,

DANYSZ VIRUS

How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen
for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price; One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York

Best and Cheapest BIRD HOUSES

Close imitations of the Natural homes of cavity and
box-nesting birds. 75c. to $4.50. _Send for booklet
“Our Songsters and How to Attract Them.” Its Free.

MAPLEWOOD BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, HOWES HILL

Stamford, Connecticut

The — Press

Job PRINTERS Fine
Book Art
and Press
Catalog | Work
Work ~~ A Specialty

137-139 E.: 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

worms. Indeed, range-grown chicks will
do very well if fed only a simple grain
ration, but many breeders keep a hopper of
bran where they can have free access to
it. The mixed mash is better for brooder
chicks and those closely confined.

After the birds are five weeks old, they
need not be fed oftener than three times a
day, and the commercial chick feed may be
gradually given up, if motives of economy
prevail, fine corn and wheat being relied
upon, in addition to the mash. As the
chicks grow older, oats and barley may be
added and larger-sized grain used. It will
be understood, of course, that this is the
kind of feeding to be practiced when the
birds are being grown in a normal way to
produce layers the following Winter. A
different plan is followed when broilers are
being grown, for then they must be forced
and fattened quickly.

The feeding of growing chicks may be
made a very simple matter. The coddling
often given them is not necessary. The
main purpose should be to give them
enough wholesome, palatable food to keep
them growing steadily. There is no secret
about the matter and one system often
gives quite as satisfactory results as an-
other. The old plan of giving wet mashes
should, however, be avoided. There is no
objection to giving a light mash once a
day if it is made dry enough so that it will
crumble in the hand when squeezed, es-
pecially if it can be mixed with milk. A
soggy mash must never be given, in spite
of what grandmother may say. Milk is
excellent for chicks. Skim milk can hardly
be used to better advantage and sour milk
tends to produce rapid growth. Less meat
is required 1f milk is fed.

Water in abundance is a necessity from
the start, but it should be given in a foun-
tain so arranged that the chicks cannot
get into it and so wet their feathers. The
sand will answer for grit at the beginning,
but after that a box or hopper of fine grit
should be always accessible and it is a good
plan to have charcoal where the little birds
can help themselves at any time. Fed in
this way the work is not arduous. If the
weather is very cold, it is well to warm
the grain and the water, and when a brooder
is used, the feeding place should be close to
the sheiter, so that the chicks will not be
tempted to linger away from the heat until
they get chilled—one of the things to be
most carefully avoided.

Perhaps the very best plan is to buy a
house large enough to shelter from fifteen
to thirty adult birds and place the brooder
in that, no matter whether it be of the fire-
less or the heated type. Then, when the
chicks have matured and the cockerels have
been disposed of, the pullets which are to
constitute the next season’s layers may be
kept through the winter in the same house.
That plan is an economical one, for heated
brooders of the indoor kind are not as ex-
pensive as the outdoor type and no addi-
tional coops or houses for the chicks need
to be secured. Some of the best indoor
brooders are really only covers, are port-
able and can be set up in a short time any-
where, and when the chicks are large
enough may be removed, leaving the house
for the birds to grow up in. Of course, if
a number of laying hens have been pur-
chased at the same time by the beginner,
it will be necessary to have two houses. A
very good portable house which will ac-
commodate from fifteen to twenty mature
hens may be bought for fifteen dollars and
some three dollars more will be needed to
cover it with roofing paper. These port-
able houses have a number of distinctive

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

features and are particularly to be recom-
mended to the man who rents his home and
who, if he moved, would be obliged to
leave a permanent poultry house behind
him.

If, however, it is deemed best to con-
struct a permanent house, the cost should
not exceed one dollar for each hen which
is to occupy it. That is putting the mat-
ter on a practical basis. As much more
may be expended for appearances sake as
may be desired, but a comfortable, con-
venient house if without frills, can be built
for a dollar a hen. Thus equipped, and
with a stock of well-bred birds, the ama-
teur beginning his work in April may safe-
ly cherish high hopes of success.

TREATMENT OF EMPTY CON-
TAINERS

BOTTLE CLEANING
Wash the milk bottles before returning
them to your dealer. This is required by
law. The proper way to wash a milk bottle
is to first rinse it thoroughly with cold
water. When all the milky film has been
removed from the inside, then wash care-
fuly with very hot water. All vessels
used for holding milk or cream should be
cleansed in the same manner.
USE OF BOTTLES
Do not use milk bottles for any other
purpose than the holding of milk or cream.
Such other use is prohibited by law.
BOTTLES AND NIPPLES
Rinse nursery bottles and nipples in cold
water and wash in boiling water immedi-
ately after each feeding. Turn the nipples
inside out and thoroughly cleanse. Rinse
the bottles and nipples again in boiling
water before using.
RETURN EMPTIES
Return empty bottles to the dealer daily
after cleaning.

ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS

CCORDING to a paper read recently

before the Royal Society of Arts, the
earliest existing manuscripts, which formed
the foundation of European manuscripts,
are of Egyptian origin, and some of them
are beautifully illuminated or ornamented
with pictures. Until the second century
B. C., papyrus remained the chief substance
upon which the writings were made, but
at that time a scarcity of supply occurred,
and Eumenes II., King of Pergamum, in-
troduced vellum, prepared from calfskin
as a substitute. Vellum quickly superseded
the brittle fiber of the Nile reed and be-
came, as it still remains, the ideal material
for writing and illuminating. In 330 A. D.,
the Emperor Constantine went to Byzan-
tium, and the great early epoch of Christian
art began shortly afterward. The Byzan-
tine School was pictorial, the Celtic is orna-
mental. For about 400 years Irish scribes
and illuminators produced magnificent man-
uscripts, a few of which still exist. English
work from the eighth to the twelfth cen-
tury shows Byzantine and Celtic feeling,
combined with other influences. Anglo-
Saxon work is noteworthy for the curious
outlining and the peculiar attitudes of the
figures. In the tenth century there was a
great output of beautiful work; in the
twelfth century the work generally tended
to become smaller and more delicate. In
the fourteenth century, the highest point
of excellence in English illumination was
reached. The fifteenth century saw the
decline and practically the end of the art
of English illumination, and later work of
this kind done there was chiefly the work
of foreign artists, mainly Dutch.

Don’t Let The Iceman In ~

with his muss and dirt. Have your refrigerator
made for outside icing. All McCray refrigerators
can be so arranged, and it is a most wonderful
convenience.

| McCray Refrigerators

| stand alone in their patented features and perfect
heat insulated construction. Only the most
perfect and sanitary linings are used—Opal glass,
, enamel, porcelain and odorless white wood—no

zinc. The McCray patented system of cold, dry
air circulation through the interior keeps every-
thing in fine condition and prevents the absorption
of flavors and odors.

The best way in the world to protect the family’s
health is to get a McCray. Then you are sure of the
: condition of your food. Chosen by the United States Govern-
ment for its Pure Food Laboratories. Used everywhere with great satisfaction.
Made in all sizes to suit any requirement, and any McCray can be arrranged for
icing from the outside.

Write for Free Book:

No. 59—For Meat Markets
No. 88—Regular sizes for Residences

‘““How to Usea Refrigerator’’ and
any of the following catalogs:

No. A. H. Built-to-order for Residences
No. 49—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions

No. 68—For Groceries
No. 72—For Flower Shops

McCray Refrigerator Co., 387 Lake Street, Kendallville, Ind.

Branches in all Principal Cities

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

We will send you FREE our book “The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture” and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax

(This text book of thirty-two pages is very attractive— it contains eighty illustrations, forty-four
of which are in color)

You will find this book particularly useful if you are comtemplating

building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want to

secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense. This

book is full of valuable information for everyone who is interested in

their home. Mail coupon for it to-day.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of Johnson’s
Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

should not be confused with the ordinary water stains which raise the cheap, painty effect.
grain of the wood—or oil stains that do not sink beneath the surface of Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the word—it pene-
the wood or bring out the beauty of its grain—or varnish stains, which trates deeply into the wood bringing out its natural beauty without rais-
really are not stains at all but merely surface coatings which produce a ing the grain. It is made in fifteen beautifiul shades, as follows :

No. 126 Light Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green

No. 123 Dark Oak No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green
No. 125 Mission Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 140 Early English No. 131 Brown Weathered No. 178 Brown Flemish
No. 110 Bog Oak No. 132 Green Weathered No. 120 Fumed Oak

HALF GALLONS $1.60

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

a complete finish and polish for all wood-floors, woodwork and furniture—including pianos. Just the thing
fut Mission furniture. Johnson’s Prepared Wax should be applied with a cloth and rubbed to a polish with
a dry cloth. It imparts a velvety protecting finish of great beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes,
Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for sale by all leading
drug and paint dealers. If your dealer hasn't them in eo
stock he can easily procure them through his jobber. ea
Fill out the attached coupon for “oo
booklet and free samples. o

<5" Use This

Please

“” FREEC

. oupon

S. C. Johnson & Son wo” pc"

¥ 4 © offer of Free Book-

. 2 es !
Racine, Wis ler Edition(A.H.5)and
2 > e- } c

re two sample bottles of J-hn-

The od son’s Wood Dye. Send me
Wood = ghadespNos. erecseticinicisis cane e
Finishing e «= and one sample can of Johnson’s @
Authori- a Prepared Wax. e
“ €
ties es Name tsacce se osoestones peice é
AJ =
ae AG TOSS aectotats cls ayeiatenc tater ate cateieictarticia's Scere ?
Ir oR Oe ee 3
Ke z
ee eee eee cece erence cece ee tec eee eeee te eeeeeeeees é

Re -OnOnONE=SRECOUPCROETS

s AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

a wu

Fed

i Ai Din

Y introducing a tiled partition, as shown in the illustra-
tion, a built-in bath can be installed in conjunction with

the needle and shower bath. This arrangement gives a
full recessed’ bath, tiled in at the base, back and both ends.

The needle and shower bath is distinctive. Instead of
the usual curtain, it is provided with a plate-glass door,
adding greatly to its attractiveness and convenience. The
large receptor, of Imperial (Solid) Porcelain, gives the
bather the ample room required fora vigorous shower bath.
The tiled walls and glass door are water tight.

MODERN PLUMBING.—write for ‘‘Modern Plumbing,”’ an 80-page booklet which gives information about

every form of modern bathroom equipment. It shows 24 model bathroom interiors, ranging from $73 to $3,000. Sent
on request with 4 cents for postage.

BRANCHES—Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia,

Detroit, Minneapolis, Washington, St. Louis,

| HE J. Li. Vf OTT IRON W ORKS New Orleans, Denver, San Francisco, San
Antonio, Atlanta, Seattle, Portland (Ore. ),

1828 EIGHTY-FOUR YEARS SUPREMACY 1912 Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, O.. Kan-

sas City, Salt Lake City.
FirtH AVENUE and SEVENTEENTH ST., NEW YORK —CANADA—Mott Company, Limited,

138 Bleury Street, Montreal,

National Photo-
Engraving
Company

@ Designers and
Engravers for all
Artistic, Scientific
and Illustrative
Purposes :-: ::

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and °
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

Furnished, if desired, with sensitive bulb in weather
protecting lattice box and flexible connecting tube so
that Recording Instrument may be installed indoors
to continously record outdoor temperatures.

Write for descriptive printed matter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens"

14-16-18 Reade St., New York

yee ENP Hi ONE:

ADVICE TO COUNTRY HOME-
MAKER

HAT can one best do to get food,

and in general terms his living, very
speedily after going to the country to
live? Or put the question this way: How
can I reduce my expenses by going into
the country, and very rapidly increase my
income from the land itself? The prop-
osition is sound that a country place should
pay its own way, but it cannot do it with-
out two things; first of these is tact and in-
dustry on the part of the owner, and the
second point is patience and wisdom in
planting.

If I were just moving into the country I
would first of all plant strawberries, rasp-
berries and blackberries. These three will
give fruit almost at once. Strawberries
planted in August will crop the next May;
raspberries planted one year in April or
May will bear the next year in July; black-
berries planted at the same time will bear
the next year in August. So far as table
food is concerned, we have no choice be-
tween these berries; but if the object is
sale, then here is a choice. The red rasp-
berry will be most available, simply be-
cause it will have the market most certainly.
Strawberries rarely prove profitable unless
grown in large quantities. They can be
shipped from other sections into your mar-
ket, while the raspberry cannot be so
shipped.

Of the larger fruits, plums and cherries.
if you will set when three years old, trees
will begin to bear the next year and increase
their crops steadily for four or five years
thereafter. Now let me give you a secret,
for it is a secret with even good horticul-
turists, that if you will set your pear trees
limbed out low you will begin to get a crop
two years from planting. The same is to
some extent true of apples, and these low-
headed and round-headed trees are ex-
tremely available, not only for early crops,
but because they do not take up as much
space around your house or on the lawn.
They can be used as ornamental trees jus”
as well as for orchard trees.

Now come down into the swale below the
barn, and we will see what we can do in
the vegetable garden for very prompt re-
sults. You must not spend much of your
time on experiments—just yet. There will
be too much weeding to be done in beds of
carrots, beets, onions, etc., and you had bet-
ter confine your attention mainly to corn,
beans, potatoes and peas, beds of things
that have to be wet by hand. Then plant
the beans and peas in succession from April
down to June, but put all potatoes into the
soil as soon as it is mellow in the Spring.
The vegetables I have named will bear
abundantly and give you at least half of
your food for the first year.

Now get a few boards and build a hen-
house and henyard, and buy about six hens.
That will be all you can feed from your
table waste; and that is enough to give you
all the eggs you can use, and a few over.
If you go into the hen business extensively’
wait until your crops begin to multiply, so
that you can furnish their food without
buying. I am talking, however, to those
city folk who have just got started, or are
about to start, on places of two or three
acres up to five. You can get too many
hens on your hands very easily, and they
will cost you more than they are worth.

It is better to hire a horse for the first few
days that you will need him the first year,
until you have your alfalfa fields to feed
him and your stables and barn built. But
a cow you must have. The milk and the
butter cover at least one-fourth of good
country living. Her first qualification must —

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv

be gentleness, and whether she is Holstein
or Jersey or Ayrshire is a comparatively
secondary matter. Only this, in picking out
the cow buy her for milk, and not for
blood. I mean that you do not so much
need a high-bred animal as a good milker.
You will at least have the milk and the
cream if you do not make butter—and
perhaps that is the better plan at present.
Country people never use cream enough.
Good, fresh, thick cream with a bit of salt
is better than any butter ever churned.

About a pig I am not so sure, for
what will fatten the hog will come from
what you could otherwise feed the hens.
My choice is the hens.

I believe that a rabbit warren is a good
investment for a small country home. The
warren need not be more than eight or ten
feet square, and the occupants will live on
waste cabbage, clover and any waste garden
truck—although much cf this might go to
the cow.

The hens will prefer dandelions and sor-
rel; the rabbits will accept clover, and the
cow will take the slops. Rabbits breed very
rapidly and fatten easily. I rather wonder
that more people with small country places
do not count on this rabbit supply for meat.
A very small homestead could rely entirely
upon the henhouse and a rabbit-warren.
I am showing a way for reducing bills to
the minimum, while you do not reduce your
comforts at all.

With a small field of sweet corn one can
get a lot of food and pleasure. Our In-
dian corn is not brought to its best by any
means in American families. Indian meal
is readily obtained from half an acre of
field corn; you can do it just as well with
what is left of your sweet corn after eating
the boiling ears. There are excellent sorts
that give you two or three ears to the
stalk, and will supply your table through
July, August and September. This will re-
quire three or four successive plantings.
from the last of April to the first of July.
Late in September cut the corn, and save
the best ears for some old-fashioned samp.
This is made by drying the ears around
the stove and grinding coarsely. Sift out
the fine meal, and cook the coarse remain-
der all day. Indian meal cakes and Indian
meal bread are sturdy substitutes for
wheat, but if you have three or four acres
give one half an acre to wheat, and not be
obliged to buy flour.

Now we have the problem of sweeten-
ing, and no American family will be satis-
fied without plenty of sugar. You ought to
have a few maple trees, and when you have,
tap them carefully in the Spring, and learn
how to make maple-sugar. Ten to twenty
trees will be enough, if they stand out in the
open, to give about fifty pounds of sugar
annually. This can be stored in stone crocks,
and be in use all Summer. If in addition
you have, as you should have at once, four
or five hives of bees, and the second year
about ten or twelve hives, you will get all
the honey that you can use, directly or in-
directly, including a lot of sweetening for
pies, and considerable vinegar from the
waste. Then you will have at least fifty
pounds the first year for sale, and from a
dozen hives you will sell at least five hun-
dred pounds a year, without stinting the
home supply.

With meal, honey, eggs, cream, Indian-
bread and berries you have a home-made
dinner and a home-made supper, except,
possibly, the wheaten bread—which, possi-
bly, one may learn to leave out. With a
broiled chicken once a week, and rabbit or
bacon twice a week, you will have only
your fish to obtain for a luxurious supply

‘ Cy
‘ on, ay o
ee “fn fy, 6 gS.
‘Lvery House in this Modern Wh, & ohn, By
Grand Rapids, Michigan, Street aa, 40
Us Built with Morgan Millwork L000 gg
Bp i 4
yy

OUR good furniture shows to
best advantage against a background of
distinctive Morgan Woodwork. Homes equipped

| with Morgan Woodwork are already more than half

| furnished, asa glance at the illustration will show. And

the best of it all is, a Morgan-furnished home is a

| permanently furnished home. The finished skill of

master craftsmen and the most advanced mechanical
| science are practically applied to the building of

MORGAN

GUARANTEED PERFECT
HARDWOOD DOORS

Ourdeluxe book, *‘Door Beautiful, "tells allabout them
in detail, and contains many beautiful interior and ex-
terior views, besides a wealth of necessary expert in-
‘| formation of inestimable value to prospective builders
and remodelers. Do not be misled by claims of ‘‘just
as good’’— there is no other door nearly as good. Get
a free copy of ‘‘Door Beautiful’” and learn the reason
why. Fill in the coupon in upper right-hand corner,
mail it today and receive the book by return mail.

MORGAN CO., Dept. B2, Oshkosh, Wis.

Distributed by Morgan Sash & Door Co., Chicago
organ Millwork Co., Baltimore, Maryland

ARCHITECTS; Descriptive details of Morgan Doors
may be found in Sweet’s Index, Pages 910 and 911.

AND ON THE

i a =

MORGAN DEALERS DO NOT SUBSTITUTE

|| Two Magnificent Books on Home Building] *¥g2,¥77"""

4] Modern Dwellings—9x12 in. 200 Illus. BOTH Beautifully
($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans $1.50 BOOKS G

$1.00

t
American Homes—150 Illustrations S .
($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans. 2.00 bese. Books east

These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in hil pera rer
Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c. eazheqse: is worth the
For those who are Planning to Build price of many books.

GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn. | Circular FREE

,BROOKSECO. cisvEANCO.

Let Giice
Shift The Scenes

The Gazing Globe affords a life-like
panoramic picture of all the varied tints
of earth and tree and sky—a weirdly
beautiful ornament, interesting and effec-
tive in garden plot or sweep or sward.

‘Tbe Garden
Gazing Globe

is a crystal ball mounted—within easy reach of vision—on a terra-cotta pedestal of
Pompeian design. It adds a touch of classic grandeur and medieval mystery to
the simplest scheme of decoration.
Your family and friends are sure of ever-ready entertainment; they will never
tire of the fascinating views in the Gazing Globe.

Diameter of Globe, 15 inches. Height of Pedestal, 36 inches

Write for new booklet with story of the Crystal Ball, prices, etc.

STEWART-CAREY GLASS CO. Indianapolis, Indiana |

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

(ILITIOR Rust Pages

FENCE-FLOWERB

ARK .-

|
Pan
iE
Sir. i

an
A GFSEEDOOLBEIEUBOFIDENIL!

Ny oes fences are now out of the question. Hedges require years
to grow. Ordinary wire fences quickly rust to pieces. The only
satisfactory and durable boundary marker is

Wright’s Excelsior “RUST-PROOF” Fence

This fabric is treated to a hot bath of melted zinc, which completely encases it in a weather-
resisting armor. Without a drop of paint it will stand year after year unaffected by rain or snow.

EXCELSIOR Trellis, Tree Guards and Edgings are alike ‘‘Rust-Proof,” and the only devices
of the kind that it really pays to use.

Your hardware dealer will order for you.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass.

410 Commerce Street, Philadelphia
125 Summer Street, Boston
5 First Street, San Francisco

Ask us to send an illustrated catalog.

33 West Michigan Street, Chicago
256 Broadway, New York City
420 First Avenue, Pittsburgh

You can have “Cream Quality”
Bulbs Imported for Your Garden

At one time most of the exvtva choice Dutch Bulbs
—Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi—were sold in England.
After the English trade was supplied a few were
sent over here.

For a number of years | have imported ‘Cream
Quality” Bulbs direct from famous Holland growers—
men who have made bulb growing a life work—but as
this extra choice stock is limited in quantity only orders
that are received before June 25th can be filled.

Hunt’s “Cream Quality” Bulbs

These books free

toowners of homes

You want the best plants, trees and shrubs—the
best kind and the best specimens. e climate and
soil of western North Carolina are such that on the
various elevations may be grown almost every hardy
“iy a plantortree. At Biltmore Nursery those advantages
OWERING TREES AND are so utilized by skill and care as to produce a
: : strain of plants of extraordinary vigor. To aid planters
SHRUBS in making selections, Biltmore Nursery has published
: four books—one of which will be sent free to any
home-owner who expects to purchase trees or plants.

are carefully selected and are the cream of the crop;
they are large, sound and solid; and will produce extra
good flowers. | test all the varieties I carry, and have
positive knowledge of their high quality.

My Book “The Cream of Holland” tells what vari-
eties of these extra “‘Cream Quality”’ bulbs | can im-
port. Send for a copy at once and make your selection,
for my order must be ready by June 25th.

I have another booklet ‘‘Daffodils de luxe” that
describes the very latest varieties of ‘these magnificent
flowers; ask for a copy.

CHESTER JAY HUNT

Box 122 Montclair, New Jersey

“Hardy Garden Flowers”

The illustrations suggest many pleasing and
varied forms of hardy garden planting—from the
simple dooryard effect to the elaborate attainment.
The descriptions are full and complete, yet free
from technical terms.

“Flowering Trees and Shrubs”

Many of the best of the trees and shrubs produc-
ing showy blossoms are shown, from photographs,
as grown in typical gardens, lawns and yards. e
pictures and the text give numerous useful ideas for
plantinghome grounds, large and small, toadvantage.

“The Iris Catalog”

Unique in that it is, so far as we know, the only
book of its kind devoted entirely to Irises. 16 large
pages. handsomely illustrated throughout; seven
pictures in the natural colors of the flowers. Accurate
classifications and variety descriptions,

“Pp: ”
Biltmore Nursery Catalog

A guide to the cultivated plants of North America.
Over two years in the making, and cost more than
$l acopy to complete. Contains 196 large pages
and describes more than 300 perennials, 500 flower-
ing shrubs, and distinct evergreens, deciduous
trees, and 200 odd vines and plants. Freely
illustrated.

Ask for the Book You Need

If you have a garden of perennials, or want one,
request “Hardy Garden Flowers’ or “The Iris
Catalog.” Should you prefer the more showy
things, tell usto send ‘Flowering Trees and Shrubs.”
In case you have a larger place and can plant ex-
tensively of many varieties, we shall be glad to send
the ‘Biltmore Nursery Catalog.’’ Edition of each
limited—write to-day for the one you can use to best
advantage.

BILTMORE NURSERY

Box 1254 Biltmore, N. C.

May, 1912

OTHING can
lend more
charm to the gar-
den than an at
tractive

SUN

DIAL

We can show you an
assortment of many
beautiful designs from

which to

select or

submit de-

signs car-

rying out
original

ideas. Write
for our illustrated

booklet “SUN DIALS for the GARDEN”

INCORPORATED

108 East 23rd Street, New York
Branches: Brooklyn, St. Paul, Minneapolis, London, Paris

= ss

Wonderful New Light

Nothing else like it — made by the
Standard Vacuum Gas Machine.
Uses 97 per cent ordinary air ; Cheap-
est, safest, most hygienic for lighting,
heating and cooking; All conven-
iences of city gas in country homes;
7 Cost less than 40 cents per 1000 cubic feet.—Latest
Invention — Non-poisonous, non-asphyxiating,
inexplosive and inodorous. Machine always ready—Much cheaper than
acetylene and every element of danger removed—Gas to light with, Gas
to cook with, Gas to heat water for bath, Gas for laundry purposes —no
ashes, no dirt, no coal or wood to handle — Fuel gas for manufac
ses, and lighting of towns aspecialty. Details and folder free—
High class big proposition for live agents.

THE STANDARD GILLETT LIGHT CO., 21 W. Michigan St., Chicago, U.S. A.

——————

A BEAUTIFUL HOME

you are one who would build this year,
were you sure of the results—this ad is
intended for you.

Any home may be beautiful—that is, correct in
its lines—its proportions—its comfort and conven-
ience, because taste is the only thing that deter-
mines what a home shall be. One doesn’t buy a
Painting forthe amount of paint on it but for the
art, and so with a home.

DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS

We have put some of ourbest thoughts into our
books of homes—just the cream of our experience,
illustrated with scores of homes we’ve built, des-
cribing every phase of the subject and telling how
to avoid the usual pitfalls in building.

No. 1—45 designs, $1000 to $6000
No. 2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000 $1.00
No.3—Combining No.1and2 $1.50
Stock plans priced in each book. Ask for
our special offer on original plans.

~The Kauffman Company-

620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO
Oa 5S SS SSS 2S 2S2S25SSSSe5

$1.00

Bese SseSeSeSeSe Sessa ses= Sasso

Bano
nn
i

SoSetsSeSeSe5Seoeo oS" -1—)—1 ——}

of meat. It is not improbable that you can
also catch your own fish.

Indian-puddings and _ berry shortcakes
and apple pies or pumpkin pies make home-
made desserts good enough for anybody.
Samp or grits, which are not very unlike
boiled slowly all day, make most delicious
food. It is worth the while to study the
secret delights stored in vegetables, berries
and corn. The field is full of investigation
and invention.

If you are in the peach belt you have an-
other of the all-around good things. One
can almost live on uncooked peaches and
grapes, but they can also be transformed
into numerous luxuries. Add to a plate of
peaches and a plate of grapes a slice of
home-made bread, with peanut-butter—
eaten slowly and thoroughly chewed. But
eat your peaches also slowly.

In fact, anywhere in the country one per-
son may live comfortably well in a well-
ordered home for five or six cents a day.
Then you may can and preserve a full sup-
ply of fruits and vegetables for the Winter
months. In the course of five or six years
there will be several other things, like ap-
ples, multiplying beyond the home supply.
These will go to market and add to your
purchasing money. There will also be a
surplus of berries, if keeping on planting
the shoots that come up from the stock.
From a single acre of berries it will be
easy to take in two or three hundred dollars
each year, and there will be an increasing
income from all the other directions I have
indicated. However, do not be tempted to
run your homesteads at first for market and
second for home. This is a blunder made
everywhere. There are tens of thousands
of American country places which have the
sale atmosphere dominant over the home
atmosphere. Plant for home, think of
home, and work for home. That is the
only way to achieve true happiness in the
home.

BANANA CLOTH

HERE is not a village in India that has

not its clump of banana trees and not a
village in which the fruit is not gathered
and the fiber in the stalk wasted. It has
been left to the Chinese to teach us how
the tons of banana fiber thrown on the rub-
bish heap every year can be converted into
banana cloth and sold at a most remunera-
tive price. The process of manufacture is
very simple and quite within the reach of
the natives of India, particularly those—
and there are thousands of them—who have
had some little textile training in cotton or
jute mills. One-year-old plants are selected
and the stalk is unrolled and steamed over
cauldrons of boiling water till soft. It is
a simple matter then to remove the green
outer skin, by passing strips of the stalk
through an instrument provided with a
couple of blunt blades, which act as scrap-
ers. The fiber thus obtained is placed in
cloth, and pounded in order to drive out ex-
cess moisture, and is next cleaned and
twisted into yarn for weaving. Banana
cloth is said to be eminently suitable for
tropical wear and is very durable. At pres-
ent the price would seem to be almost pro-
hibitive, as a roll of banana cloth, five yards
long and one yard wide sells for about $5.70.
As the enterprise is a brand new one, high
prices are to be expected; but they are sure
to right themselves as the demand for this
kind of cloth grows, and the suppiy en-
deavors to keep pace with it.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Unique designs,
Beautiful Finish and Durable

Construction make

CREX GRASS FURNITURE
- The Leader in The Wicker Line,

Leading Dealers Everywhere
New Booklet No. 237, upon request.

PRAIRIE GRASS FURNITURE CO.

Sole Manufacturers

Glendale Long Island

Sunshine in the home is
essential to the family’s
health and optimism. Yet
thousands of homes are
denied its benefits through
fear of its destructive effects
on draperies and coverings.

At last you can have dra-
pery fabrics which need no
protection from the light—which are
positively guaranteed to hold their
colors against both sun and water.

ORINOKA

GUARANTEED

__.S

for draperies and coverings

are dyed by an exclusive process which was
discovered after years of experimenting and
which is the only successful method for in-
suring fast colors, even in the most delicate
decorative shades.

Do not confuse these fabrics with the many
merely so-called ‘‘sunfast’’ materials which
are offered. Every bolt of the genuine
Orinoka goods bears a tag which authorizes
the merchant to refund the money for any
piece that changes color. Jnsist on seeing
this tag.

Orinoka Sunfast Fabrics afford all-satisfying
choice of weaves, designs and colorings, in-
cluding original and exclusive ideas which
will strongly appeal to those who value
individuality in housefurnishings. At the
leading stores everywhere. Ask your dealer
for our book, ‘‘Draping the Home.”’

THE ORINOKA MILLS
Philadelphia
Chicago San Francisco

New York

viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

INTERLINED PRINTING FOR THE
BLIND

HEN printing for the blind was first

introduced a raised Roman letter was
used ; but years ago it was found that a sys-
tem of points could be more easily distin-
guished than those letters, and now practi-
cally all printing for the blind is done in the
point system. It has the advantage that
stereotype plates can be made without hay-
ing to set up type.

The plates are made on machines con-
trolled by a keyboard. When the operator
strikes certain combinations of these keys,
the point characters representing the letters,
are made directly on brass or zinc plates.

One of these brass plates is placed on a
cylinder press and against it on the opposite
cylinder is a rubber blanket. As the moist
paper is fed between this rubber and plate,
the impression is made upon the paper, and
when it dries it is hardened so that it does
not rub down under the touch of the finger
in reading. By this process, however, only
one side of the paper can be utilized.

For some time interlining or interpointing
has been done by means of double plates by
which both sides of the paper could be used,
but this process was so very slow that it was

ee His ERE,

Hicks Shrubs and Trees

NE year a bare foundation—the next, this charming effect.
At the front steps are Hicks Boxwood and Dwarf
Japanese Cypress.

For carmine flowers in July are shrubs of Spirea Anthony
Waterer. For summer green mass effects and autumn colorings
are the Virginia Creeper and Japanese Barberry; the latter
retaining coral berries undimmed till spring. A splendid bit of

Rhododendrons make the richest possible found-
ation planting. All the yeara mass of waxy green
leaves, and in the spring always lovely with blooms.

Hicks Rhododendrons ar all hardy acclimated

planting. Send for our new 1912 catalog showing how numer-

Underground
Garbage Receiver

U ahieeeround
Earth Closet

ous planting and landscape problems, have
effectively solved with Hicks choice shrubs and trees.

Isaac Hicks & Son,

Convenient for Home,
Farm or Camp
@ Keep the Garbage Can

underground, away from
flies, cats, dogs, sun, rain,
frost. No muss — No
smell. Sanitary — Con-
venient.
q Underground Earth
Closet with portable steel
house. Protect your
water supply on the farm
or camp. Earth closet
invaluable for contractors
or employers of labor.
Steel house also makes
a most excellent bath
house.

Sold direct

Write for catalogues

C. H. Stephenson

21 Farrar Street
Lynn Mass.

been quickly and

plants.
Send for special Rhododendron circular,

Westbury, Long Island

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

ee A i
Ban

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free,

THE H. B. IVES CO.

So.te Manufacturers ... NEW HAVEN, CONN,

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. $2 postpaid
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE

Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording
I | entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spint. Com-

plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti-
cles, such as Scows, Canoes. Windmills. Water Wheels. Etc

Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture
By Ralph C. Davison

HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner
the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental

cement for the adornment of the home or garden.

and useful purposes.

It tells how to make all kinds of con-

crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedestals, con-

crete benches, concrete fences, etc.

Full practical instruc-

tions are given for constructing and finishing the different
kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting
and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model-
ing the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing

the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and
reinforcing cement are also included ‘The information on
color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book.
With the information given in this book, any handy man or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of

The author has taken for

granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the subject and has ex-
plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail.

16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages. 140 Illustrations.
Price $1.50, postpaid

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway

New York

largely impractical. The British and Foreign
Blind Association in London has done inter-
lining or interpointing by means of a platen
press, but the Ziegler Publishing Company
for the Blind of New York, publisher of
the Matilda Ziegler Magazine for the Blind,
has lately devised a plan by which the prin-
ciple can be applied to the rotary press, and
it is possible to do interlined printing at
the rate of over 25,000 pages an hour.

For this purpose double brass plates are
made. A double sheet of brass is placed in
the plate-making machine and the lines are
made in the regular way on one side of this
double plate, but the points are made to go
through both plates. After the lines of
points are made on one side, the double
plate is reversed and the lines of points are
made on the other side between the lines
that have been previously made on the other
side of the plate, so that on each side of
each plate there is a row of points alternat-
ing with a row of holes which make the
points on the reverse side. Each point,
therefore, on each plate has a corresponding
hole into which it fits into the other plate.
It will be readily seen that if a sheet of
paper is put between these two plates and
they are pressed together, an impression
will be made on both sides of the paper.

Now, to apply this to the rotary press, the
Ziegler Publishing Company has had the
cylinders of its press so registered that if
one of these double plates is placed on one
cylinder and the other on the opposite cylin-
der, they will fit as the two cylinders revolve
together, and each point on the one plate
will strike directly into the corresponding
hole on the other plate and wice versa. The
moist paper is fed between these plates and
the rubber is done away with. It is found
that in this way a more perfect and uniform
print can be secured than heretofore.

By this process 50 to 75 per cent. more
matter is obtained on each sheet of paper,
which means almost a revolution in print-
ing for the blind, for not only is the paper
expensive, but matter for the blind spreads
out so that under the old process books were
of necessity very bulky. The first issue of
the magazine to contain the new printing
was that of October last. Sixteen pages
were interlined, and the readers were not
only greatly delighted with getting more
reading matter in their magazine, but they
found that it was just as easy to read as
before.

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

COINS THE MINT BUYS AND SELLS

HE Mint does not buy old coins or

paper money, except certain rare Co-
lonial coins in fine condition, desired for
the Mint’s cabinet. Mutilated or uncurrent
United States gold and silver coin is pur-
chased as bullion. The Mint has no pat-
tern pieces for sale; and the Government
pays no premium for the return of any of
its coins or paper money.

New coins cannot be struck in this coun-
try in the absence of authorization by
Congress. The Mint supplies United
States coins only and not of any past date.
The $50 goldpiece and the half-dollar and
quarter-dollar pieces in. gold were struck
by private parties on the Pacific Coast dur-
ing the “49 period, and not by the Federal
Government.

The coinage of the following coins ceased
in the years named: The half-cent, copper,
in 1857; one-cent, nickel, 1864; half-dime
and three-cent, silver, and two-cent, bronze,
in 1873; twenty-cent, silver, 1878; trade
dollars, 1883; one-dollar and three-dollar,
gold, and three-cent, nickel, 1889. The
Columbian half-dollar was coined in 1892,
and the Isabella quarter in 1893. The
Lafayette dollar was struck in 1899, the
date on the coin (1900) being that of the
unveiling of the memorial.

Certain markings, indicating the place of
coinage, are to be seen on our coins. Those
struck at the Philadelphia Mint have no
mint mark, but those struck at all other
mints are distinguished by a small letter
on the reverse, near the bottom. These
letters are: “C” for Charlotte, N. C., dis-
continued in 1861; “CC” for Carson City,
Nev., discontinued in 1893; “D”~ for
Dahlonega, Ga., discontinued in 1861; “O”’
for New Orleans, and “S” for San
Francisco.

The coins of the United States now au-
thorized by law are: In gold, double eagle,
eagle, half-eagle, quarter-eagle; in silver,
half-dollar, quarter-dollar and dime; minor,
five-cent, nickel, and one-cent, bronze.

Proof sets of both gold and silver coins
are to be had by purchase from the Mint.
When business there is slack, medals may
be struck from dies furnished by indi-

viduals, public institutions and incorporated |

societies, at a charge sufficient to cover the

cost of the operation and the value of the |

metal.

FACTS ABOUT BREATHING

HE amount of air breathed.in at one

normal inhalation of an average male
adult is 500 cubic centimeters, or 30.5 cubic
inches; but when taking vigorous exercise,
seven times as much.

The total area of the lung surfaces is
about 30 square meters or 323, square feet;
that of the body, however, only 2 square
meters or 21.53 square feet.

An adult breathes ordinarily in a minute
about 18 times; when doing ordinary phys-
ical work, 25 times; when taking vigorous
exercise, 60. In case of inflammation of the
lungs the respiration takes place at the rate
of about 40 breaths a minute.

In the nasal passages the air is warmed
more rapidly and thoroughly than when it
passes into the lungs through the mouth.
Air at a temperature of 6 deg. Cent.=42.8
deg. Fah. is raised to 32 deg. Cent.=89.6
deg. Fah. during the short time of an in-
halation through the nose. The reason of
the more thorough warming by nasal breath-
ing is that the total surface of the nasal
passages in the average adult is 100 square
centimetres or 15.5 square inches; those of
the mouth having an area of only 70 square
centimetres or 10.85 square inches.

PEE

Sav ‘ Bg uN
The Yale “Mortise’”’ Latch

Lg
The Yale “Rim” Latch No. 44

Yale Padlocks

Did you ever hear anyone
praise a Yale Padlock by say-
ing it was as goodasanother?

No Locks are Yale Locks unless made by Yale & Towne

When you feel the need of addi-

tional security remember that

Yale Night-latches

give security with convenience. They
are made in two forms—the ‘‘Rim”’
and the ‘‘Mortise’’ and are a comfort on

av Front Entrance Doors
Outside Kitchen Doors
Outside Basement Doors Closet Doors

Yale Hardware
New designs are constantly being added,
samples of which can be seen in the sales-
rooms of leading hardware dealers.

Grade Landing Doors

Store Room Doors

and many other doors about the
house, garage, etc. The mission of
the “‘Rim’’ and “‘Mortise’’ is the
same, but the ‘‘Mortise’’ makes the
neater job.

Yale Door Checks |}
Simply shutthe door—shut it
softly, but shut it tight. Four
styles to meet all conditions.

The Yale & Towne Mig. Co.

Makers of YALE Products

Local Offices

CuicaGco: 74 East Randolph St.
San Francisco: 706 Phelan Bldg.

eS] HE GALLOWAY Collec-
yt :

ALS tion has been greatly in-
creased for the season 0/1912
Send for New Back show-

ing new designs executed 772
strong ,durab e Terra-Cotta

GALLOWAY TERRA GCOITA Go

3222 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA.

~ General Offices: 9 Murray Street, New York
Exhibit Rooms: 251 Fifth Avenue, New York

Canadian Yale and Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

RS ON Nts tp “Fh
FREELETEELLEEREEEREO EEE this

PUERRERFTEEFEEERERETT §

HMIRIVETEERE

All,
arnt

PERLE HAY Utaasscasess teat
REVELELUREHUREERTEUUESHEDIEUAIH
ARMA LAD bloat

Cyclone Ornamental Fence will give the
outside of your home the finished appearance that
curtains give the inside. It takes away that look
of something lacking.

Cyclone Ornamental Fence

is made of large wires, heavily galvanized. Heavy
upright wires are firmly seated in the cables, form-
ing an immovable joint. Easily put up on wooden
or iron posts. Made in many attractive designs.
WE GUARANTEE IT FULLY

Cyclone Farm Gates are strong,
durable and light on posts. Frames are of
high-grade carbon steel and fabric of heavy,
closely woven galvanized wire. Turns any stock.

Write us about how many feet of fence and
the number of gates you need. We will send
catalog Free.

Cyclone Fence Company,
Dept. 44 Waukegan, III,

i AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

THE ART OF WATERING

RVs T IS doubtful if watering the garden as

THE SSS (2S it is ordinarily done is a benefit—at any

(OLDWELL MoTo LAWN MOWE i rate the benefit is not great enough to pay
R R for the labor lost in the operation.

There is no question of the value of
watering plants when it is properly done.
but the way water is commonly applied is
so inefficient that it had better not be done
at all.

The object of watering is, of course, to
supply in abundance the moisture which
plants need in order to grow luxuriantly.

The lawn sprinkler looks very pretty, but
much water is lost through evaporation,
and less falls on the ground than one sup-
poses.

The lawn should be watered if it must be
watered at all, by flooding it with water
from the hose at night. Let the water run
freely but without great force from the
OES the work of three men and three horse i open of the hose. Move the hose every
hour from 6 p. m. to bed time, and leave it
for the night where it will cover the great-
expense of two men and three horses. Stays in WAN est area. If you cannot water the lawn

order (proved by eleven years service). Expert this way you had better not water it at all.

; ; The need for water on a good lawn is very
knowledge not required to operate. Climbs a 20 per little anyway. It is only lawns on shallow

mowers on a gallon of gasoline per hour. Saves

cent grade. Leaves no hoof prints. Weighs 2000 NWIAW | OF poor topsoil that need water, and such

| N Hl lawns should be improved.
Hy pounds. Keeps the lawn smooth. ies Hi Watering the garden is a difficult and im-
i Wy when not in use. Over 600 in use by the United AY pore art oe should re ae by all
Meds : Ae amateurs. atering should be done as
ey y States Government, and leading Golf Clubs, also on Wy irrigating is) every, weelei of (cond eaes
uy Public Parks and Private Estates. Write for | every two weeks, with thorough cultivation
fi Catalog following each watering. Sprinkling with

a hose does the plants little good, and may

do harm as it beats and compacts the soil

Coldwell Lawn Mower Company _\\\ co thar ede water i alearie a ene

3 is sunny the next day the ground bakes and

Newburgh, New York ! if not cultivated at once the condition of
: the garden is worse than before.

The rule should be, in a long drought a
weekly soaking followed by thorough cul-
tivation to conserve the moisture. Newly
planted trees and shrubs need watering
every ten days or two weeks. A hill of
earth four or five inches high should be
made around each tree, and the water
should be allowed to fill this and soak away
in the ground two or three times. The
next day the earth can be levelled around
the tree again and if it is wet, dry earth

| a eee ee J from nearby can be thrown over it as a
THE LARGEST LAWN MOWER FACTORY IN THE WORLD. mulch. Newly planted trees and shrubs

should have a cultivated area around them
ea for the first year at least.

Evergreens are sometimes helped by
sprinkling the foliage just at nightfall.
This should never be done when the sun
is hot.

Mulching is sometimes better than water-
ing, because the mulch once put on stays
for the season and it cannot do any harm.
A If it is put on early in the year it keeps
Timber Hangers the ground moist and cool, and keeps the

é weeds from growing. It should be of
manure, straw, leaves, grass clippings, pine
needles or any waste material that will pre-
vent evaporation.

When shrubs are planted in mass the
whole area should be mulched. Individual
small trees should have a mulch 6 feet in
diameter spread about them.

CLEANING COPPERPLATE

Should always be used around stair-
way wells and wherever a beam
abuts its support.

A. handsome aluminum model

showing the exact application of the ENGRAVINGS
3 a HE following recipe for cleaning cop-
hanger to the beam will be sent post corp eee Ho ‘
” al recent issue of Neweste Erfind und Erfahr:
(H Te Se eastern, cf ae bad Wena Make a solution of forty grammes am-
Bra monium carbonate in one ae hee ee
and go over the engraving oth sides),
L B th C 434-466 Prospect Street cube a sponge or soft brush; then rinse
ane brothers 0., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. with clear water. Then wash with water

to which has been added some vinegar and
rinse out again; to finish, go over the whole

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi

with water in which has been dissolved a
small quantity of bleaching powder. Dry
in the open, preferably in the sun. The
engraving will look like new, the treatment
to which it has been subjected leaving be-
hind no traces whatever.

SQUASHES IN THE HOME GARDEN
By E. 1. F.

HE first week in June is none too late

to start squashes in the home garden.
Indeed, late planting has an advantage, as
in that way trouble with the black bug
is largely avoided. The use of much fer-
tilizer is needed in order to grow good
squashes and the best plan is to broadcast
manure and plow it into the soil. Then
only a forkful of manure or a handful of
commercial fertilizer will be required for
each hill, but it should be dug into the soil.
A shovelful of coal ashes in the hill will
help to keep borers away. The seeds
should be planted about one inch deep and
it is wise to plant six or seven, thinning the
plants to three or four in a hill. It is just
as well to bunch the seeds, as no harm is
done and the plants are more easily cared
for than when scattered.

The young plants will probably appear
within a week and must immediately be
guarded against the various pests which
seem to prefer squash vines to any other
kind. The fondness which the different
bugs and beetles have for squashes is so
well known, indeed, that this vegetable is
often planted with cucumbers and melons
as a trap crop. There is no better way to
fight the beetles than to dust the plants
with a mixture made by using a teaspoon-
ful of Paris green with two quarts of land
plaster and two quarts of tobacco dust.
Several applications must be made and it
is especially necessary to use this poison
just after a rain. Boxes for distributing
the poison may be purchased, but it is a
simple matter to make one from a baking
powder or coffee can by punching holes in
the bottom. The can should not be quite
filled or the powder will not be shaken
out easily, and the cover should be put-on
tightly so that none will be wasted. This
duster may also be used to advantage

when vegetables are attacked by the green’

fly, and is recommended by a prominent
market gardener.

If the bug appears, it may be trapped
by using shingles placed on the ground near
the plants. The bugs will crawl under
them and may be destroyed by crushing
them or dropping them in kerosene. The
shingles should be examined very early in
the morning. The borer works in the stems
and sometimes may be cut out, the stems
then being buried in the earth, where they
will take root.

The cultivation of the squash is not ar-
duous as the vines grow very rapidly and
shade the ground to such an extent that
weeds cannot thrive. A wheel hoe can be
used to advantage at first.. If manure has
not been broadcasted, it is a good plan to
spread a little around each hill before the
vines begin to run. Amateurs often make
the mistake of planting squashes too close-
ly. Nine feet is plenty close enough, and
even then the plants will overlap in most
cases, if they grow well. Squashes are fre-
quently planted with early peas or beans,
as they do not require the ground until
those crops are off.

If the squashes are to be kept for Winter
se, care must be exercised in gathering
them, for they are easily bruised. They
should be piled and left in the field for a
few days before they are taken to the
house. Hubbard, Delicious and Marblehead
are good kinds to grow.

Elastica
Floor

Finish
akes
Floors

satisfactory results,

a Se

linoleum or oilcloth.

Saves Work
Time and Money

Witten Automatic Dump Cart saves labor
<n and time in handling and moving
material. Handiest thing on
% the farm, dairy, estate and
residence. The

=m has large ca-
P pacity; is light,
jf but strong — guaran:

teed fully. Write for
folder NOW. It is free.
Address

THE BAKER MFG. CO.,
599 Hunter Building,
Chicago - Mllinol:

UNTS Fine FurNITURE iG)
So Perlect and So Peerless

CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY
FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS
Prices marked in plain figures
will always be found EXCEED-
INGLY LOW when compared

with the best value obtainable
elsewhere

Geo. C. Funt Co.
24-20 West 24"St.

48-47West 23/95T.

E want to know—and we want jou to ™
know—all about your floors.
show you, as we daily show so many others, how inexpensive
and how easy it is to end permanently all your floor troubles. \
ELASTICA is the only floor-varnish which will give you positive, \
It is trade-marked like this :— se

STANDARD VARNISH WORKS \

PT ASatTCA
so ane Se

FLOOR FINISH

Look for this trade-mark on a Yellow Label: All others are imitations

Whether your floors be old or new, of soft wood or hard wood, painted or un-
painted, stained or unstained, ELASTICA will preserve them with an elastic, [
bright, durable, waterproof finish. ELASTICA can be used just as well over

REMEMBER THE NAME E.L-A-S.-T-I-C-A
SEND FOR BOOK 94 fae
“ How to Finish Floors”—Home Edition. Profusely illustrated, rich Z
in sugzestions for making and keeping floors beautiful. Also, ask fz
for a set of exquisitely colored post-cards showing handsome Lif <
interiors, which will be sent with our compliments. Address

We want to

\ oN
X

eee

Las

ee. ee

TN ha eon. a

29 Broadway, New York; 2620 Armour Ave., Chicago, III.; 301 Mission S:., 4
San Francisco, Cal.; or International Varnish Co., Ltd., Toronto, Caa
Ask your dealer—Besides ELASTICA Floor Finis! we manu-
facture ELASTICA No. 1 for exterior use—ELASTICA No,
for interior use—Satinette White Enamel for interior and
exterior decorations.
other Architectural Finishes

Kleartone Stains and

THE most modern, and best illuminating and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price
Liberal Terms

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

Better than City Gas or Eleo-
tricity and at Less Cost.

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

Can be used as a blind or an awning at will, Can be pulled up out of sight if

Wilson’s Outside Venetians desired. Slats open and close, Admit air, exclude sun. Operated from inside,

Suitable for town and country nouses. Orders should be placed NOW for Summer

CLEVER ANIMALS

Send for Venetian Catalogue No. 5.

The most artistic and suitable colorings for all country and
suburban houses, from mansions to bungalows and camps, are
also the cheapest.

not only cost less than half as much as paint but the labor cost
is also half, and the beauty and softness of their /vansparent
coloring effects is infinitely superior to any painty result. Use
them on shingles, siding and al’ other outside woodwork. They
sink into the wood and color it without covering the beauty of
the grain.

131 MILK STREET

delivery.

Inside View Outside View Blind Pulled Up

Wilson s Blinds have been furnished to the homes of Oneal anier, J. P. Morgan, A. C, Vanderbilt, Clarence Mackay, Wm. C, Whitney,
H

M. Flagler, Mrs. R. GambriJl, J. S. Kennedy, ©. Ledyard Blair, James C. Colgate, O. Harriman, Jr., and many others.

Venetian Blinds for Piazzas and Porches

JAMES G. WILSON MFG. CO., 5 West 29th Street, NEW YORK

Beautiful—and Cheap

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. Send
Sor samples of stained wood and name of nearest agent,

SAMUEL CABOT, Ing: .. Mfg. Chemists

BOSTON, MASS. Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains

William A. Bates, Architect, New York

> FORESTALLED BY THE hesovuve PROTECTION OF _.

ETNA, DISABILITY INSURANCE

This will protect your Income and the Income of your family. In exchange for

a moderate annual investment of $60 a year the A.TNA Life Insurance Co. will

insure your Income against loss by accidental injury or death or by disease.
$25 per week while you are disabled by EITHER ACCIDENT OR ILLNESS.

And in addition
$5,000 to your family if your ACCIDENT results fatally.

$5,000 to You if it causes loss of both hands; or both feet, or one.

hand and-one foot; or one hand and one eye; or one foot and one eye.

$2,500 to YOu if it causes loss of one hand, or one foot; or one eye.
These amounts (except for weekly indemnity) increase one-half in five

years without extra cost and are ALL DOUBLED if your accident happens

in a public passenger conveyance or elevator, or ina DUO PEUGI
Larger or smaller amounts at proportionate cost.

Absolute Security Liberal Contracts Prompt Settlements
: SEND IN THE COUPON—TO-DAY

Etna Life Insurance Co. (orawer i341) Hartford, Conn.

Tell me how to AETNA-IZE my Income.

! am under 50 years of age and in good health.

Name

Business address

Occupation

WRITER in “St. Nicholas” has the

following to say of the cleverness of
animals: “Cats seem to know what dogs
they can frighten and drive off, as well
as those from which they would do well
to steer clear. I have often seen a pet
cat of ours drive a big dog away from
her dish on the back porch, causing him
to set up such a howl that one might sup-
pose a catamount were after him; and
again I have seen a fox terrier send the
same cat flying up a tree as fast as she
could climb it, without any questioning
as to whether it were best to go or not.

“Nearly everyone has noticed the re-
markable knowing quality developed in
all shepherd dogs. According to my own
personal observation these dogs help to
keep the herds in the road and drive them
in the right direction; they know their
master’s sheep and cattle; they can sepa-
rate one herd from another; they can keep
each in its own special pasture; they can
prevent their master’s sheep from min-
gling with his neighbor’s—especially
when the flock comes to a break in the
wall or fence or hedge, through which the
sheep seem to have an almost irresistible
tendency to pass—and on account of their
great intelligence shepherd dogs are an
almost indispensable aid to all those who
have to manage sheep or cattle.

“The cattle dogs of Cuba are but little
less intelligent in their management of
these animals as they are landed from the
livestock vessels in some of the ports o!
that country. Two dogs swim beside
each steer, for each steer is thrown into
the water to find its own way ashore, and
these dogs guide it by the ears until the
animal’s feet touch bottom, when they
immediately let go and return to the ship
to assist another steer in reaching land in
the same manner.

“Darwin describes a trick played on a
monkey to show its intelligence. Lumps
of sugar wrapped in paper were first
given to him. Then for sugar a live
wasp was substituted, but after meeting
with an unpleasant experience from the
wasp the monkey put the next package
to his ear to learn if it might be safely
opened. This action showed that the
monkey had memory, and considerable
wisdom and had discovered that a wasp
buzzes when wrapped in paper.

“The elephant looks stupid enough,
but his intelligence is developed to a
marked degree. Dr. Romanes tells sev-
eral interesting stories showing the al-
most human instinct of the animals. A
man was one day feeding a tame ele-
phant with potatoes which the elephant
took from his hand. A small round po-
tato fell on the ground just out of reach.

“After several unsuccessful attempts
to get it, the animal blew so strong ‘a
blast of breath against it that it was
dashed against a wall, from which it re-
bounded so far that he easily reached it.

“Dr. Romanes repeats the story of an
elephant that was chained to a tree near
a little oven in which his driver had just
baked some rice cakes. When the driver
went away, leaving his cakes to cool, the
elephant unfastened the chain from his
_leg, uncovered the oven, opened it, ate
the cakes, and covered the oven with
earth and stones as he had found it. He
then returned to his place, and wound
the chain about his leg as it was before,
although he could not fasten it. The
driver, on his return, found the elephant
with, his back toward the oven, and look-

‘|'ing’ innocent, but the cakes had com-

pletely disapf earéd.””.

May,

Igi2

THE MAY SMALL HOUSE NUMBER

HE advent of the Annual Small House Number of

AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS last year is now fol-
lowed by the second appearance of an issue especially de-
voted to the small house. The present May number pre-
sents various features of importance to everyone. The
Small House is a subject that is close to the heart of every
American homemaker. This is the month that finds one
thinking about small houses particularly, and that is why
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS annually makes its May
issue a special number. The magazine’s many readers will
find that twelve full pages of text matter have been added to
the present number to take care of the extra small house
matter prepared for them, and they will find herein many
small house exteriors and interiors described and illustrated
and accompanied by floor plans of various stories. The en-
thusiastic letters that AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
continues to receive from its readers, subscribers and adver-
tisers is a source of gratification and the Editor deeply ap-
preciates the helpful interest which the magazine’s many
friends continue to hold in the articles that appear from
month to month in these pages. The Editor is always glad
to hear from its constantly increasing circle of subscribers,
for AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS knows what its
readers will like because the editorial policy of the magazine
keeps it closely in touch with them. ‘Therefore comment
and suggestion is always welcome, bringing with it, as often
it does, the encouragement and the helpfulness of sugges-
tion.

JUNE NUMBER OF AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HE pages of the June number of AMERICAN HoMEs

AND GARDENS will contain a number of articles filled
with the spirit of vacation time. Mary H. Northend’s ar-
ticles on ‘Boys’ Camps” will be well worth reading. Sum-
mer camps for boys represent a feature of the culture of
modern youth that is equally important, in proportion, to
other phases of educational development. Another out-
door article is that which will describe ““A Camp Experi-
ment,” the story of the building of a camp, illustrated from
beautiful photographs and floor plans. ‘‘Running a House-
boat by Automobile Power”’ is the title of an entertaining
article by Robert H. Moulton, and F. F. Rockwell, the
well-known gardening authority, contributes an adequately
illustrated article on summer work in the vegetable garden.
This number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will de-
scribe interesting houses, each one illustrated from ex-
terior and interior photographs and by plans. There will
be other features of great value to the homemaker, such
as an article on “The Portable House,” ‘‘Planting Around
Rocks,” “Moles and Lawns,” and the exquisitely illustrated
“Garden Arches” feature. The matter of the interior of
the house, large or small, its decoration, furnishing, paper-
ing, painting, flooring, piacabie. lighting, heating, etc.,
comprises a field in which the articles that appear in
AMERICAN HoMEsS AND GARDENS stand unsurpassed. Sum-
mer and Winter there is no abatement in the interest shown
in its articles by the readers of this magazine, because month

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

3 A.D yyy) DI) Fosrrerserrerr r=

X1il

ALUMNA

AT Peetan EU EE tH
TOMO Ge OT

by month it prints the best gardening articles that will be of
definite value to the home-builder and home-maker that can
be procured. The ideal of the American home is not the pre-
tentious estate that is merely a show-place requiring an army
of servants for its upkeep. Instead, the home and the gar-
den of the man of moderate means more nearly approaches
the true conception of the American ideal. ‘Therefore
AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS is eagerly read by the
housewife as well as by other members of the family by
reason of the attention it gives to the many matters within
her province. This June number will be one of the most
attractive numbers that have appeared among the issues of
the magazine.

INTERNATIONALISM: A NEW TREND

HE world seems to be upon the dawn of a future era

of internationalism, of a time when, without sacrifice
to the intensest national pride, or to true loyalty to one’s
own country, the peoples of the world will come to inter-
mingle in thought, language and effort to a degree that has
not as yet been attained throughout the ages. It is not alone
the interest shown by one nation in another’s arts, sciences,
literature, politics or achievements that will bring about the
greater universal brotherhood, nor will it be by political or
revolutionary means. We shall, instead, arrive at closer
relationship to our neighbor-nations (just as we, perhaps,
arrive at a closer relationship to our neighbor-villager, our
neighbor-townsman or our neighbor-citizen) by the develop-
ment of a truer kindliness, a more real charity, a wider
generosity, and a less selfish appreciation in all affairs be-
tween ourselves and others, whether or not we be individ-
uals or populations. In this connection it is interesting to
note that a number of earnest men, (led by an American,
Theodore Stanton, a son of the late Elizabeth Cady Stan-
ton), have planned to issue an international newspaper, a
newspaper which shall contain only news of world-wide im-
portance, and other matter within the field of the propa-
ganda for internationalism. Of course by internationalism
one does not mean the upsetting of the world’s political di-
visions, its various modes of government, or anything of the
sort, but by the term one is to understand that there is meant
the kinship of the whole world and the understanding of the
relationship of the people of one nation, their arts, sciences
and industries as well, to those of another. This project will
be watched with interest inasmuch as it would seem to be
one means of assisting as well the movement towards
International peace. We of this country should seek
to do away with the sort of provincialism that fools
itself in believing itself to be the true national spirit.
The whole world is ever a school to the whole world. An
attitude towards informing ourselves more generally on
subjects not bounded by our localism is one which we can
well afford, in common with the people of every land, to
develop within ourselves. It is likewise with the matter of
homemaking. ‘There is much of value we can learn from
other countries in the way of architecture, gardening, econo-
mics, and so on, which, if adopted by us or adapted
to our own needs would greatly advance our progress.

xiV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

Ge INCOMPARABLE WHITE SIX

ELECTRICALLY STARTED AND LIGHTED—LEFT HAND DRIVE

—== = wu TRO y, d
Si. 7 Vee Ove im g SS : EZ, 2 4|
\ ‘oni om homme MEANS es —
wa \ a eee
Km) \2)

HE WHITE SIX is equipped with a starting system
that cranks the motor easily and naturally. There are

no valves to leak, no gears to engage, and no explosions
taking place in the cylinders while the pistons are stationary.

The White starting system is one hundred per cent efficient.

Moreover, the lights are operated by the same system that
starts the engine. Logical, isn’t it?

The White Six makes it possible to reach the driving seat,
start, and light the car without the necessity of stepping
into the street.

Powerful and economical, with graceful and luxurious body
and perfect road balance, owners have pronounced it the

ideal Six.
CATALOG UPON REQUEST

CLEVELAND

MANUFACTURERS OF GASOLINE MOTOR CARS, TRUCKS AND TAXICABS

a
2

pie
ARD:

nines

GONTENTS FOR MAY, 1912

Joooaghoo0o

EER Ve eVANNED WDOORWAY «5 onde kiosk dees e Mia va web van bb sea es Frontispiece
LENE SWGATH 18 USD cay do cg een ae gente ean By Gardner Teall 147 al
MOCURRE EOE RAMPS COMDAGE 18>. 606 calc seu de’e me wien By Mabel Tuke Priestman 153
PMOMESENU TILL, GARDEN .4.5 582.0 oo ene te Us By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 154

SIAEE OUSESIOLIOLONE AND STUCCO... . o.0scd seen cca By Costen Fitz Gibbon 158

GARDEN PURNITURE OF GooD DESIGN...) .....). 0622660: By Mary H. Northend 162

Ne ARCHIEDECISuEIOME IN DHE COUNTRY: «.. 00.) cee see ead By Berwyn Converse 164 w
AE OOREAGE SOE SMU C CO es. 3)c5 506 «vg 465 8s aed ede ce ees By Robert Leonard Ames 166 (9)
PMB AGREE MUNGEENOOKGH es 5 6 oc ufo oes ket nn RES bch es seen du ewe aGeseen 168-169 cy
LUGROUE OR SUBURBAN SOMES,.\ 22 .ilo a. o'ocn Vg Ss oh eo eb be ws By Edward M. Carroll 170
SOMPEDONIPSMCMOSES WOR PILES. oo... eo. bo be oo sls bs By Norris N. Strathfield 174 S
Emme a PBLORINGY Neale OUP tracey es oh ols sod eo edd ow Wary teak ws By Roger L. Vieth 176

rE WiEstPENGIOME OB A/MUSICIAN. .. <.c0c2 0.00.48. e 04 By Thomas R. Thorndyke 09/59) ae
RSISINGID WOKS ON THE SOMALI, PLACE. 3 6c. coe se oe dre ee By E. I. Farrington 181
WirHIN THE House—Transforming the Winter Interior. ..By Harry Martin Yeomans 184 [ it |
AROUND THE GARDEN—May-time in the Garden.............00 0000 cee ee cee eee 186

HeELps To THE HousewirE—Fixing up a Small House.. ...... By Elizabeth Atwood 188

Feeding the Growing Chicks Book Notes The Editor’s Notebook

Old Woodwork in Modern Homes

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President NE UTNN & @€oO: ; Inc. Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitte

~
*

Fae

Phil ral bh. Aha

. A 0 Z i _ Photograph by T. C. Turner
The well-planned doorway is one of the most important architectural considerations of the small house as well as one of its most attractive features

The Small House

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by T. C. Turner

aq|| HERE is always about the small house some-
thing that endears it to the spirit of the
traditions of our ideals of American home
life, something that makes us turn to the
thought of it, when we are occupied with
the problems of home-making, in preference
to the house of extensive proportions or of greater pretence,

even though the requirements of our circumstances and
position in the affairs of life may make it necessary for us
ultimately to be governed by what, after all, may not be
with us precisely a matter of choice. The small house need
not, of course, be a tiny house, nor yet one of cramped
quarters. Our Colonial ancestors were master-builders in
the matter of producing small houses carrying with them a

Coe e

The suburban home of Mrs. Mary F. H. Johnson, at Hackensack, New Jersey, an excellent example of the thoroughly attractive small house

148

sense of roominess, even of
spaciousness. On the other
hand those dark ages of do-
mestic architecture prevail-
ing in America from the
year 1870 until a decade
ago witnessed the building
of many dwellings, enor-
mous in external propor-
tions but so poorly planned
as to seem like a doll’s play-
house when one had the mis-
fortune to be forced to live
within their walls. Happily
the greater number of these
dwellings were flimsily con-
structed of wood and have long since retired to their proper
estate—junk yard and kindling box, leaving us to redeem
our architectural faults of yesterday with the splendid ac-
complishments of our American architects of to-day along
all lines, and especially in the
planning and design of the
small house.

The notion, once prevalent,
| that if one had a small lot he
| should seek to cover it up with
a large house, even if but two
people were to occupy it, has
long since given way to our
realization that the house

PantRy#STORE
Room

— {=

VERANDA

must be considered in the re-
lationship to its site, and that
if we must have a large house
we must have a proper sized

First floor plan, Gosman house

AMERICAN HOMES

Floor plans of the Johnson house

The Hone of Mr. J. W. Gosman, at Caldwell Cedars, Caldwell, New Jersey, a small house of unusual merit, both in plan and in its design

AND GARDENS May, 1912
site for it. Of course there
will, perhaps, remain a
vast number of persons the
world over whose circum-
stances will not permit
them to attain their cher-
ished desire, and yet the
person who longs to pos-
sess and who seeks to own
a small house of his own is
bound to reach his heart's
desire if he remains faith-
ful to his enthusiasm for
his dream-to-come-true.

We are wont to associate
the thought of the small
house with the starting out in life of the young husband and
his bride, and it is a happy image for us to conjure up to
the vision. Nevertheless, it is probable that the small house
finds among its builders as many others. Wherefore it
must lend itself to an endless number of requirements, must
fit itself to many varied ne-
cessities.

The reader will find illus-
trated here a number of
small houses together with
diagrams of their floor plans. |
A careful study of these lat-[—
ter will indicate the requi-
sites of the various families
occupying them, and to the
prospective home-builder
such a study will serve to :
initiate him in the intricacies

BEDROOM

Second floor plan, Gosman house

May, 1912

$
és
<5

>
SN
ee
<2
<5

XX?
%
S$
Ss

Oe.
aE
5
xy

82
OA

of choosing plans for the
small house he _ himself
would like to have.

The first of the group of
small houses illustrating this
article is the home of Mrs.
Mary F. H. Jonnson, at
Hackensack, New Jersey,
designed by Messrs. Mann
and MacNeille, architects,
New York, who were also
the architects of the house of
Mr. C. A. Ward, at Doug-
laston Park, Long Island,
New York, illustrated on
this page. Both these houses
are conspicuous for their ex-
cellent proportions, which
are based upon the square,
though both houses are given

living-rooms whose length is greater than their breadth,
which is always a point to be sought in the planning of the
rooms used by the family in common.

points of similarity in the two houses, and yet they are, each

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

of the veranda of the Ward house

Floor plans and view

There are other

149

Ded ROD. |)
J6'X12 |

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

of them, individual in at-
mosphere and in no sense
does one duplicate the other.
Externally the Johnson
house and the Ward house
are similar in treatment
though strikingly different in
effect. In the Johnson
house \thie veranda 1s
reached from both the hall-

way and the living-room,

while the veranda of the
Ward house opens only
from the living-room. A

comparative study of these
plans will be well worth
while, for both have been
evolved by architects who
thoroughly understand the
problem of the small house

and its new requirements in the numerous differing parts.
The delightful small gambrel-roof house at Caldwell

Cedars, Caldwell, New Jersey, designed for Mr. J. W.

Gosman by Mr. E. G. W. Dietrich, architect, New York,

150 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

4 ‘ f; sh , eR owe

Garden side of the Winans house Entrance front of the Winans house
illustrated on page 148, has muchtocommend it. Thecharm an upstairs sitting-room during the warm season. A small
of simplicity, yet comfortable homelikeness its lines sug- house of this sort is especially adapted to a suburban site.
gest give to it the appearance Both architect and owner have
of the thoroughly hospitable chosen its placing well, and the
habitation that stands for the judicious planting of ever-
true conception of the Ameri- greens, trees and shrubs about
can home. Originally the space the premises have added
now occupied by the two front SLEEPING greatly to its attractiveness and
bed-chambers was the bal- a to its home-like atmosphere.

conied upper part of the living- The small stucco house il-
room running up to the rafters. lustrated on this page is well
Later a floor was added and a worth the attention of every-
partition was run through its one planning to build a small
center, the division produc- Floor plans of the Winans house house of this sort. This house,
ing two fair-sized chambers. The balcony extending above the home of Mrs. E. B. Winans, at Tuckahoe, New York,
the porch can be used as a sleeping-porch in Summer, or for designed by John H. Phillips, architect, New York, is ad-

e ; Sy 4 j
a % 7 ‘ ;

Living Room

The home e Mrs.

E. B. Winans, at Tuckahoe, New York, a very successful and attractive example of the small house of stucco

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I

mirably planned and constructed, thoroughly attractive and
interesting, as well as being distinctly original in design
though in no sense bizarre. While the entrance to the
living-room is from the hallway, another entrance from this
room is offered by the French windows which open upon
the porch, thus enabling the maintenance of privacy when
desired (as a single main entrance directly upon the living-

PANTRY

KitcHen

Dining Reon

BED Room

BED ROOM

First and second floor plans of the Clark house

room from outside would not make possible), or of throw-
ing the house open informally when these French doors are
opened on occasion throughout the Summer season, during
which time the porch becomes a delightful outdoor room.
One of the special features of the Winans house is the clever
planning which has given access to the sleeping-porch from
two bed-chambers, and another feature is the external pro-
jection of the beams, giving to the porch corner of the house

The beautifully-situated residence of Mr. as J. Clark, at Oakley Manor, Mount ne New York. stare is a small house of distinction

the appearance of the elevation of the projecting patterned
beams of a pergola. When the sun is high these beam-
ends cast patterns in shadow across the face of the stucco,
giving relief to its surface just at that time of day when
such relief is welcome to the vision.

The fourth small house here illustrated is that of Mr.
Ralph J. Clark, at Oakley Manor, Mount Vernon, New
York, designed by Herbert Lucas, architect, New York,
who also designed the house of Mr. W. Morton Pickslay,
in the same locality, shown on page 152. Mr. Clark’s house
is delightfully situated and is one of the most beautiful
houses of its size and character in the east. There is some-
thing particularly appealing about its snug trimness, pleasing
fenestration and the excellent device by which the architect

Ti, ak as

meee

The living-room of the Clark house showing stairway

152 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

Ware “Wino-Reoy

First floor plan Second floor plan

suggestion of permanency
about a small house of this
sort, and it is doubtful if one
could select a more pictur-
esque type for the uncrowded
suburban district given over
to modern homes.

has succeeded in knitting it
to its site—the trellis-screen
that separates the lawn from
the service yard. ‘The en-
closed veranda practically
adds a room to the lower
floor, converting that portion The two houses illustrated
of it into a sun-parlor i, ——z NTE erm ~ aa on this page were designed
goodly proportions. The Floor plans and exterior of the stucco house owned by Mr. Pickslay, for Mr. F. W. Woodward
isolation of the kitchen, Oakley Manor, Mount Vernon, New York and for Mr. J. O. Newell, of
which is conveniently reached, however, is admirably Glen Ridge, New Jersey, by Mrs. Frances G. Tynan, archi-
planned. ‘The house owned by Mr. Pickslay is not less at- tect, Glen Ridge, New Jersey. Both are excellent examples
tractive, although the planting has not yet been so far of attractive small houses of the gambrel-roof type and
advanced as to set it off as it will be with the approach of give one a helpful idea of the different effects obtained in
another season. ‘This house 1s the varying detail of two
of the stucco type and the houses upon the same gen-
plaster walls of its exterior are eral lines. The arrangement
relieved by well designed case- of the pantry, as shown in
ment windows set with dia- the first floor plan, is one of
mond panes, which, together the most striking features of
with the lines of the roof, sug- the house, for while it is eas-
gests the cottage architecture ily accessible from either din-
ofsEmeland: The enclosed ing-room or kitchen, forming
porch or sun-parlor runs quite a passage from one to the
across one end of the house, other, it does not interfere
giving a room almost the size with or break into the long
of the living-room from which it is reached. As in the wall space of the former room. With the passing of time
Clark house, the architect has here solved the problem of hedge, vines and shrubbery would add still more to their
placing the kitchen most successfully. There is a delightful homelike cosiness and will obtain for them seclusion.

Floor plans of the Woodward house

Thy ”

y ae. Pass ie idl § ay « ¥ oA ry ma 4 ‘< J ‘
Mp a ‘ Met Ber he o
¥ va . ie “9 4 apeie MS 3 igs hae 8 Gj “ zs v . ws ps
bt Ps 4
,

le 1/11)

i z NOt Oe ae = Pee

Home of Mr. J. O. Newell (to the left) and home of Mr. F. W. Woodward (to the right). Both of these houses are at Glen Ridge, New Jersey

May, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS 153

Even in the very smallest houses of the cottage type, American architects are now producing many plans and elevations of distinction in design

A Little Frame Cottage

y] HE frame cottage shown
upon this page is plas-
tered outside, and has a
shingled roof. It is a
remarkably success-
ful achievement for nine
hundred and fifty dollars, its cost. The
brown stained woodwork and fret orna-
ment are distinctly individual decorative
notes. The owner was able to save ex-
pense by doing a good deal of the de-
tail work himself. The upper-porch

By Mabel Tuke Priestman
Photographs by the Author

was built as an outdoor sleep-
ing-room and is an interesting
feature of the cottage. The
following is a summary of the

cost of erection:
Lumber, including Windows and

NCAA oo nice ere psec coe cman sid $370 00
Pattie and Stasis oo ccec.caeccceccer 6 50 00
BASU SEA VEL coe osc sion cet adcies vores netic 10 00
EAS AWALE soo shone co siege ele devo viroosee 30 00
MRIS SEIEAN CONS corn is ord oe eidawmoieie cee 200 00
GME WO Mea a ae in trina ies cae cia oe 45 00
PIOOES AUG SCLCENS) s52 200300 de ecee ae ailes 35 00
OMI rotor Poe ees od daw o cnet ioeecued 110 00
| 24 ETAT er ee eee oe ee ieee ee ae 100 00

MOtAl isa snas secs oe $950 00

There are sitting-rooms and
kitchen and two bedrooms to

this cottage. A clever and in-
expensive form of steam heat-

The walls are not plastered on the in-
side, but are stained a warm brown, the
panels being filled with burlap on the
upper walls. ‘There is a quaint simpli-
city about this cottage that appeals to
the economical builder; everything is in
evidence; there is no attempt made here
to hide the chimney which goes through
the floor to the room above. .
Perhaps the most striking feature of
the plan of this little cottage is the man-
ner in which the first floor has been

divided. The partition runs
lengthwise of the house in
order to make possible a living-
room across the whole front.
One has only to imagine how
another house, less artistically
designed and less carefully
carried out in the matter of its
decorative detail, would appear
even if constructed upon the
same plan and built to the same
proportions but lacking the
artistic design that has been
given this cottage by those who
conceived its plan. Indeed,
this tiny house spells the short

ing has been installed therein.

First floor plan of the little frame cottag

and interior step from ugliness to beauty.

154

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The little circular Greek temple of the purest Doric architecture is reached by a flight of five steps from the edge of the flowing stream

A Chestnut Hill Garden

‘Compton, ”

a Philadelphia Suburban Estate, Full of Inspiration for the Garden-Maker

By Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner

ARDENING is one of civilization’s chiefest
graces. Whatever civilization is or is not,
whatever we as individuals may choose to
reckon its essentials—and how many, if they
think about it at all, will agree thereon ?—
few will deny that the making of gardens is
an object worthy the care and devotion of the gentlest and
most enlightened spirits.
astute genius of practical wisdom, sagely
says, ‘God Almighty first planted a gar-
den. And, indeed, it is the purest of hu-
man pleasures; it is the greatest refresh-
ment to the spirits of man; without which
buildings and palaces are but gross handi-
works; and a man shall ever see, that when
ages grow to civility and elegance, men
come to build stately, sooner than to gar-
den finely; as if gardening were the greater
perfection.”

Were Lord Bacon alive to-day the gar-
den at Compton would doubtless elicit
his sincere approval.

Compton lies on a northern spur of
Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, overlooking
the Whitemarsh Valley. About its wooded
base winds the Wissahickon, just before it

Lord Baco n, that Li ERODE ELIE SES OE GET REC

The Japanese garden

disappears among beetling, forest-crowned hills, rich in
legendary and historic memories. In the near neighborhood
of a city famed from the early days of Colonial history for
its love of gardening and notable achievements in the realm
of horticulture, Compton, though young in years, has proved
a worthy follower in the honored traditions of garden
making. cn four years ago Compton was not. The
hillside, now thick with verdure and bloom,
watered with fountains and_ scattered
pools, was in its first estate a bare, treeless
slope, where Summer’s sun beat with merci-
less rays and Winter’s blasts swept in un-
checked fury. Its transformation is a per-
ennial witness to the constant loving care
bestowed upon it, and years of well-directed
enthusiasm, coupled with intelligent, con-
structive foresight, have borne fruit in its
present charming aspect.

As you enter by the lodge, the whole ex-
panse of the garden is spread out before
you.

Nearby, at the foot of the gentle slope,
is a pond, beyond which you mount through
pleasance, grove and growing border to the
house at the top of the hill. To the left is
the park, a newer portion of the grounds,

May, 1912

covering a hillside facing the gar-
den. Ina little dale between the two
hills, the brook flowing from the
pond babbles on its way to join the
Wissahickon’s placid course
through shaded banks in the broad
meadow beyond. The driveway
skirts the margin of the pond, and
here you come upon one of Comp-
ton’s choicest features—an object
that has probably caught and held
your eye from the moment you
passed through the gate. A flight
of five steps rises from the water’s
edge to a small circular Greek tem-
ple of purest Doric pattern,
wrought in white marble, the roof
upheld by six shapely pillars. Out-
lined against the dark green of the
surrounding foliage, this bit of
classic architecture stands forth in
striking relief and impresses its
character on all around. A stately
pair of snow-white swans afloat on
the pool adds an agreeable touch
of animated life to the scene. Elsa
and Lohengrin—such are their
names—answer when called and are always eager for gob-
bets of bread when anyone comes near. In the center of the
pond is an island covered with thick-grown shrubbery, so
planted that either blossoms or foliage afford variety of
color at all seasons. Along the edges grow shrubs and Iris
with wealth of gorgeous bloom. Not far beyond the pond,
almost hidden from view by trees and boscage, you dis-
cover a log cabin, past whose door the brook chatters noisily.
A cobblestone chimney of generous proportions justifies

A more enchanting place at any time from May to October than this corner of the garden at Compton would be hard to imagine

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The eeRGuee beguebt Hom okie

155

the expectation of cheer and
comfort within. Nor are you dis-
appointed on entering. A great
wide-throated fireplace stretches
nearly across one end of the cabin,
and there a full array of ancient
cranes, hangers, pots and kettles,
with no end of curious eighteenth
century kitchen equipment besides,
invites the most prosaic to essay a
meal. For little picnicking lunch-
eons or for tea brewings on chilly
afternoons in Autumn, this. tree-
sheltered cabin is a truly ideal spot.

The pleasantest way to ascend
the hill to the house is through the
arboretum. Leaving the pond and
following a grass walk, you pres-
ently find yourself in the midst of
plantations of Viburnums, Bar-
berrys and Yew. Here Ivy trails
over chains and stakes set out to
mark the path; there Wistaria,
trained into tree form, waves its
purple clusters in the breeze. Not
far beyond the pathway broadens
out into a circle, and there a marble
fountain of exquisite workmanship casts its hundred tiny jets
sparkling inthe sun. A few steps farther on a bower of hardy
Orange trees encloses the alley. In Spring their great white-
petaled blossoms star the leafage of glossy green; in Fall the
golden fruit tempts eye and hand. On either side these trees
have been planted, not in rows, but in the form of trefoils.
Within the rounded trefoil ends stand tall, curiously wrought
Chinese jars. ‘The effect of this richly colored pottery against
its sombre background can scarcely be described. Joy fol-

SS nt ee, ee ee ee ee ee

RE i
ce

ie
ie
4

Stee Ri ts

There is a sense of intimate and restful s

lows close on joy. One pace more brings us to the sundial
on a terra-cotta pier of excellent design, guarded at the
path-sides by prim, sentry-like box bushes. And now a flight
of steps, flanked by massive balustrades wreathed in riotous
tangled Bittersweet, leads up to a narrow terrace, above
which a bubbling spring of water wells up and falls away
into a rustic basin. The water for this spring is piped from
a meadow more than a quarter of a mile distant and forced
thither’ by airam. The stream
that rushes from this hilltop
source supplies the fountains
and pools all down the hillside,
running from _ level to level
by underground pipes, disap-
pearing by a waste channel from
one place only to be used afresh
in another lower down, until it
finally falls into the pond at the
bottom. ‘This plan of using water
over and over again for a succes-
sion of pools and fountains at dif-
ferent levels in a garden is well
worth a far wider practice than it
has so far attained. The water
arrangement, however, is only one
of many instances in which Comp-
ton can suggest features that can
be adapted and successfully carried
out on places either large or small.
The Japanese garden, the. rock
work, the Rose arbors, the Iris
plantation, the formal garden,
and a dozen things besides are
replete with suggestions for gar-
den makers. People are much like
sheep; let one lead and the rest

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

eclusion about every nook and corner of this delectable garden commending its example

The sundial, looking toward the terrace

May, 1912

will follow. ‘This is just as true in garden planning as
in any other respect. The study, therefore, of a garden
like Compton, where the way has been plainly blazed, ought
to be enough to stir up a proper spirit of emulation.

To the right of the arboretum, as we go up the hill, is
the Japanese garden, a spot of delightfully subtle allure-
ment. ‘The Japanese trees and shrubs in their own proper
setting exhale a potent fascination, and then to linger by
the rock-faced pools and watch
the goldfish dart to and fro in their
disport, to cross tiny bridges and
climb miniature mountains, to come
unexpectedly upon old stone
lanterns or perchance an image
from some ancient temple in far-
away Nippon—all these things
cause a thrill of unalloyed pleasure
quite unlike any other sensation to
which we Occidentals are accus-
tomed. Concerning the origin of
these Lilliputian hills and valleys,
there is a tale that admirably ex-
emplifies the principle of making
the best of whatever is at hand and
the Japanese persistence in turning
everything to account. In the
course of grading and tree-plant-
ing on various parts of the hill-
side, many loads of earth had been
dumped at this spot. A Japanese
workman desired permission to
use these ugly hillocks as he saw
fit, and under his patient skill and
magic touch was evolved this mini-
kin landscape. Such an object les-
son in converting unsightliness into

May, 1912 AMERICAN
beauty we Americans should take
seriously to heart when we have so
many wastes of criminal ugliness
staring us in the face at every turn.

Adverting once more to the ar-
boretum, it is safe to say that in few
if any other gardens in America is
there a broader or more complete
general collection of trees. Some
arboreta have finer and larger col-
lections of the things in which they
have specialized, but scarcely any-
where else is there as good or com-
prehensive a general gathering.
As to the planting of annuals and
perennials, they are sensibly
grouped in great masses. Nothing
could -be more strikingly effective
in the Fall than the wide borders,
all of scarlet Sage, or more daz-
zlingly brilliant than the huge beds
of Phlox in a setting of mid-Sum-
mer’s full rich green. A group of
ten or twenty stalks of Phlox does
not attract special admiration.
They are beautiful and fair to look —
upon, certainly, but there are scores Rock work and
of other things close by that equally challenge your atten-
tion. But plant your Phlox in a clump of five hundred or a
thousand stalks—and it does not take so much space to hold
that number—and then see the effect. The blaze of gorge-
ous color will fairly make you hold your breath. Massing
flowers of one sort together is but copying one of Dame
Nature’s methods of managing her garden, and is sure to be
successful, as all her methods are if we will only follow them
intelligently. Take, for instance, a field of Buttercups or
Goldenrod. How wonderful they are and how they give the
scene life and interest! It is because of their massing in
countless thousands. How effective would Buttercups or

Goldenrod be if only a few scattered stalks grew here and
there?

Between the arboretum and the Japanese garden is a
trellised arbor built out at one end on a singularly excellent
pile of rockwork, in whose crevices grow plants suitable to

SLOT ELLLLL
TRE PO 9

HOMES AND GARDENS

the little cascade

157

the spot and down whose front
pours a diminutive cascade. At the
sides grow clumps of blooming
perennials. Over the arbor
clamber Rose _ vines, Clematis
and Jessamine. A more enchant-
ing place to sit and chat or muse or
read, at any time from May to
October, it would be hard to im-
agine. Hard by, the shade of a
lofty Hickory invites us to sit a
while on the bench built round its
trunk and watch the arabesque of
jets spout and play into the long
pool fountain. From this same
seat, when Autumn’s touch has
blazoned the leafage of Barberrys
and Dogwood with copper hue or
glowing crimson, when the gilded
leaves above our heads, diapered
against heaven’s clearest blue at
noonday, cast an amber-colored
shade, when brush fires fill the air
with golden haze, the sight over the
garden slope beggars all human
words. We gasp for sheer delight
at being alive and wish for Janus
heads and Argus eyes to drink in all at once and all the time
the fullest draught of nature’s iridescent beauty.

However hard to tear ourselves away from such a spot,
other regions of the garden insistently claim our notice.
Beyond the orchard, on a rising sweep that overlooks the
lower portion of the grounds, the formal flower garden
spreads its squares, fenced on two sides where the hill falls
sharply away by a heavy stone balustrade on which peacocks
perch and strut. At the corner where the balustrades meet,
a circular stone-coped gazeebo affords a vantage point whence
you may feast the eye, look which way you will. The paths
that bound the garden and those that quarter it, intersecting
at the center, are edged with close-clipped boxwood. Be-
hind ramparts of lowlier plants tall Hollyhocks and Lupins
wave, while Foxgloves, Phlox and crowding Larkspurs, with
many another old-time favorite, all add their several shares

(Continued on page 190)

ba “Ve See

The entrance gate and driveway to Compton, the beautiful, wonderful private garden at Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia

A well-planned and attractive stone and stucco house of this sort always dignifies the site by reason of its goodly proportions and excellent design

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

Small Houses of Stone and Stucco

By Costen Fitz Gibbon
Photographs by T. C. Turner

door of his first humble dwelling in America
a motto that provoked a smile from William
Penn and elicited some pleasantry when the
Lord Proprietor of the Province of Penn-
sylvania paid a visit to the worthy German
colonist and schoolmaster just come from overseas, for
domiciliation in this new hemisphere. ‘This motto was:

Parva domus, amica bonis,
Sed este procul profani.

The sentiment of combined
contentment and _ hospitality
contained therein may _ well

point a moral for us in this day
of sometimes extravagant big-
ness and flamboyant display.
Contentment, comfort, con-
venience, tastefulness of ar-
rangement, all these are per-
fectly possible in a small house.
A small house is not necessarily
a jerry-built abomination ut-
terly devoid of every quality a
house ought to possess. On
the contrary, a house may be
both small and inexpensive and
yet just as attractive and engag-

LIBRARY

First floor plan

|aecEer on
Roory

ing as a large one. Everything depends on two factors—
the thought bestowed by the architect and the personality
of the master or mistress. We can all of us, without much
effort, think of some small house that it is a delight to
look upon and where we esteem it a privilege to call, and
all because of the graciousness of the occupants in the first
place and the charm of their setting in the second. In
time past a certain odium attached to the small house and
to some extent it still exists but it is rapidly disappear-
ing as the small house becomes
more and more pleasing
through the application of in-
telligent architectural effort.
The accompanying illustra-
tions show certain small houses
of a group at Cynwyd, Pa.,
most of them designed by
Messrs. Savery, Scheetz & Sav-
ery, architects, Philadelphia,
not one of which cost above
$7,000 and several of them
cost considerably less. Now a
good many people who find it
expedient or desirable to live
in small houses are rather vi-
tally interested in knowing all
about small house plans and
their price. Some live in small

Second floor plan

May, 1912

houses from choice, some
from necessity. At any rate,
whatever be the cause that
dictates a residence therein,
architectural style and ar-
rangement, comfort and cost
are considerations of prime
consequence to them. ‘They
wish to know how the house

[
First floor plan

The total cost of this particularly attractive stone and stucco house when completed was kept well within $6,700

AMERICAN HOMES AND

Dining-room of the $5,500 home

will look and they wish to
know how much it is going to
cost. They are anxious to
have it as satisfactory as pos-
sible from the architectural
point of view, they wish to
know the utmost that can be
done and well done for the
money they have to spend and
they are solicitous to get the
full value for the money they
do spend. Because choice
prompts them or circum-
stances compel them to live

nnn

GARDENS 159

mischievous idea ought to
be unsparingly uprooted.
Too often the purchaser of
a small lot, instead of going
to a reputable architect,
rushes off to some mere
builder who puts up for him
a house low-priced, perhaps,
but in the end neither cheap,

which is shown on page 160 CAIBENINC
simply, there is no shadow
of reason why they should
allow themselves to be set
down in the midst of ugliness.

This position cannot be
maintained with too much
emphasis for, unfortunately
enough, the dreary admission
seems to have settled in the
mind of the average intend-
ing builder of a small house
that a good house, irrespect-
ive of size, must of necessity
be an expensive house. This

‘CHAMBER B

CHA/IBER A:

Second floor milan

AMERICAN

160

convenient nor seemly. Here is only one evidence that
popular taste among small house builders is more cryingly
in need of architectural education than in any other quarter.
It is little short of criminal to encourage a thing thoroughly
ugly and offensive to the sight when it can as easily be made
comely. For a very small additional expense for an ar-
chitect’s services most of the ordinary builder’s eyesores
that so offend us could have been made at least unobjec-
tionable.

The array of houses of very moderate cost, set forth in
the accompanying illustrations, ought in some measure to
refute the notion that a house must needs be expensive
because it is well planned. With the application of a
measure of ingenuity and thought it is surprising how
much can be accomplished.

126!
Dinine doo.

Line Hau
i CHESTNUT.

fazer issue
—}—_—____—25"o' —______4—
First floor plan

HOMES AND GARDENS

Fine one sees a inal hoa ae stone a dieron a paragon 6e neatness and attractiveness eoatiig: isn $5, 500

Living-hall of the house Sorts $5,500

May, 1912

The little square house for $5,500 is a paragon of con-
venience and compactness. There is not an inch of waste
room in it. The front door opens directly into the living-
hall whose chief feature of architectural adornment is a
generous fireplace and a massive chimney jamb of uncut
stone like that used in the outer walls. On the south and
west, wide windows pour in a flood of light and on the
north is a range of three diamond-paned casements, useful
for air and light in Summer when the glare from the
south window is cut off by the outside shutters. At one side
of the fireplace a doorway opens into the dining-room,
a cheerful place abundantly lighted by a long bow window,
that takes in nearly the whole south side, and a smaller one
on the east. It is always a good thing to have plenty of
morning sunshine in the dining-room or the breakfast-room;

10-6 x}h

7 “eho Bisel

Second floor plan

May, 1912

some people habitually come downstairs with a matutinal
spleen and it needs sunlight and a cheery smoking break-
fast table to dispel the vapors. “The dining-room opens into

a pantry and the pantry into the kitchen.

On the second floor there are three good-sized bedrooms
and a bath, while the attic contains two more bedrooms
Considering the

and also a good share of closet space.
small size of the house the
rooms are of unusually am-
ple dimensions; the living-hall
is twenty-two feet by four-
teen and one half, the din-
ing-room twelve and a half
by thirteen and the kitchen
fourteen and a half by ten.
Better still, the rooms are all
light and sunny; a glance at
the good, whole-souled win-
dows would assure one of
that. Though the windows
are so broad they do not
dwarf the house, their wide-
awake honesty ought to be
a rebuke to anyone with a
mind ready to stoop to archi-
tectural shams. Recently a
very second-rate architect
proudly held up for admira-
tion and approval the eleva-
tions of a small house that he had tried to make look large
by reducing the windows to ridiculous dimensions, “‘to
fool them” as he remarked with a sly grimace. If he
could be fetched to see the ingenuous expression of the
windows in this little $5,500 house he might perhaps
experience a change of heart. The rubble walls of this

H \ \

aan ee et ee

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

161

house are of native stone. A penthouse runs round the
building at the level of the second floor and above that the
walls are rough cast, giving altogether a very pleasing as-
pect to the exterior.

Another $5,500 house provides on its first floor a hall
opening by an archway into a living-room sixteen and a
half feet by thirteen, back of this a dining-room of the same
measurements, a pantry, a
kitchen eleven feet by four-
teen and a laundry. Up-
stairs there are three large
bedrooms with a goodly al-
lowance of closet space and
a bathroom, while the attic
has two bedrooms and a loft,
floored but not ceiled, one
‘ of those delightful places
where one can stow all sorts
of odds and ends to be
rummaged among on rainy
days with the drops patter-
ing a monotonous tune on
the shingles overhead. This
house also has rubble walls
for the first floor and rough
cast for all above that.

In both these houses of
course everything has been
kept down to the lowest pos-
sible figure but nothing has been skimped. Embellishments
of any kind have been omitted but all necessities have been
carefully considered. Honestly and staunchly built, judi-
ciously planned and designed with an eye to architectural
propriety, these dwellings have proved signally satisfactory

(Continued on page 190)

Second floor plan

This stone and stucco house was erected at a complete cost not exceeding $7,000

May, 1912

The rustic garden seats of good design find their proper place in the informal rather than in the formal gardens

Garden Furniture of Good Design

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the author

] HE everyday, varnished armchair or rocking-
chair, when used as a garden seat, does not
seem altogether appropriate, or suggestive of
the fitness of things. At the best one feels
that its stay is but temporary, and almost un-
consciously, when the first cool days of Fall
appear, feels a keen sympathy for the individual who will
soon be tugging these chairs across the lawn and up the steps
through the doors and passages, to their former resting place.

On the other hand, a few
pieces of well chosen, well built
rustic or painted furniture make
the lawn attractive, inviting and
homelike, and add much toward
beautifying an otherwise unat-
tractive garden.

The garden seat was the ear-
liest form of garden furniture
and served our ancestors as a
convenient resting place, al-
though in Arnerica the value of
garden furnishings has never
been as evident as in foreign
countries. In fact, it is only in
more recent years that orna-
ments have been employed in
gardens to any great extent.

The French were appreciative
of their decorative qualities, as
well as the Greeks and Romans,
as is evident by the manner in
which their gardens were dec-
orated with fountains, statues,
urns, seats, etc., but of late years
little thought has been given
garden furnishing, and _ conse-
quently much of their old-time
charm has been lost. Up to
within a few years this was par-
ticularly true of American gar-

adoption of the Italian garden decorations, they are to-day
extensively employed.

Of these, perhaps, seats occupy the most important place.
They not only afford a resting place for weary individuals,
but frequently possess artistic qualities quite aside from their
usefulness.

There are so many designs in this furniture that it is well
to consider them in classes, such as those which require
skilled workmen to manufacture, and must therefore be pur-
chased ready made, and others
of a more rustic nature, which
may be constructed on the place
with or without the assistance
of a nearby carpenter.

In the construction of one
style of ‘this rustic furniture,
very irregular and _ crooked
pieces are used, so that the re-
sult will present as many fan-
tastic twists as possible. This
style of seat is far from comfort-
able, and owing to the intrica-
cies of its design, it is impossible
to clean it when it becomes dirty
and dusty, owing to weather
conditions, which usually obtain
shortly after its arrival in the
garden. On the other hand, a
simple design, in which all un-
necessary lines are avoided,
gives a result which is both
pleasing and_ practical, and
which will stand the most severe
climatic conditions if carefully
and solidly constructed.

The position the seat occu-
pies in the garden is quite as im-
portant as the seat itself, as too
often when placing them gar-
deners forget to provide any

dens, but possibly owing to the A portable garden chair is one of the season’s novelties shelter from the sun and wind,

May, 1912

a point which should receive a
good deal of consideration, es-
pecially in a climate such as ours.
Seats which are placed in more
exposed places of the grounds
will be found to be little used.

If there are no sheltering
trees or shady corners, a light
framework of branches should
be made, over which suitable
climbers may be trained. Fre-
quently the position of a seat is
determined by the view which
one may obtain while resting
upon it, and while in some cases
this plan works out admirably,
still as a rule it should have a
more obvious justification. than
mere view tO warrant its situation in a definite position.

The rustic and attractive painted seats shown in the ac-
companying illustrations are among the best types of gar-
den furniture. They are.simple, attractive, and practical
in design, and in finish harmonize with. informal garden
schemes, fitting in most artistically with: the surrounding
landscape. Particularly interest-
ing is the double seat affording
comfortable accommodations for
four persons. This arrange-
ment allows of two separate
views without the trouble of
moving the seat, and is especially
practical where only one seat is
to be used in the garden layout.

All these seats are built for
comfort, and care is taken that
the backs are of the right height,
and that the seat is placed at a
point distant from the ground to
suit the average person. The
value of this is evident in the
single seat, which is not unlike a
comfortable old-time armchair.
Its finish allows of painting, af-
fording opportunity for harmonious color combination, and
it fits into any scheme, either simple or elaborate.

If more than one piece of furniture is to be used in a
garden scheme, pretty rustic tables are attractive. Arranged
with a chair or two they are an addition that any garden
owner might be proud of, and they are convenient not only
as a receptacle on which to serve afternoon tea, but also as

Rustic table and chairs for the informal garden

Painted table and chairs for the informal eden,

Garden seats of this sort are increasing in the popularity they deserve and are especially suited for use in formal

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 163

a resting place for an attractive
box of gay-colored flowers,
which add a contrasting bit of
tone.

However used, each and every
piece is wholly adaptable, and
their simplicity of construction
is such that they may readily be
made by the amateur. All lines
are plain and straight, and with
the wood used in an unfinished
state, the bark is the only finish
required.

Not only seats and settees,
benches, etc., but all manner of
ornaments in the way of sun-
dials, vases, pergolas, gates, and
garden houses, may be made in
rustic design, and to even a garden of formal layout they
add a touch of quaintness which renders them distinct in
the scheme.

Sundials, for instance, are found in a great many gardens
of to-day. They may be simple or elaborate, old or new,
large or small. There is a chance for the greatest individ-
uality in choosing them. They
may be made from an old tree
stump, thus carrying out the rus-
tic idea, and add a finishing
touch to a rustic garden, or they
may be made from the most
elaborate marble column. ‘The
dial may be carved in the stone
in this case, instead of being
made of brass. Some of the
bases for these dials, which are
imported from Italy and Greece,
are beautifully carved. They
may be tables, fountains, vases,
or anything which may _ be
adapted to this purpose. Beau-
tiful as well as practical bases
are now made in this country, of
a material which much resem-
bles gray stone. Old models are easily copied in this mate-
rial and give most satisfactory results. It is rather a delicate
piece of work to set a dial accurately and it should be done
by an expert. When it is ordered the state, county and town
where it is to be used must be given, otherwise the dial will
not be accurate for that particular latitude. It must then be
set absolutely flat, and pointing directly to the North Star.

on er

gardens

164 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

The country home of Mr. William Adams, at Lawrence, Long Island, New York, built from his own plans

An Architect's Home in the Country

he may construct a building whose
size shall be limited only by the
number of his blocks. ‘This feeling,
in so far as it seems to offer possi-
bilities almost without limit, may be
felt by an architect who is building
his own home. Here at last he may
plan and execute without the cer-
tainty of having his plans upset by
some captious client who has ideas
of his own as to what the house
should be. Here, too, is the oppor-
tunity for putting into practice the
theories which every architect has in
reserve, where the only limitation
shall be that imposed by the size of
his appropriation. All of these pos-
sibilities were presented when Mr.
William Adams planned and built
his own home in a most beautiful
setting at Lawrence, Long Island.
The beauty of the shingles upon
the walls of old buildings upon
Cape Cod and elsewhere in eastern
Massachusetts is due in a large de-

| N architect who has planned and built a great
number of interesting country houses says
that his feeling upon beginning such a work
is somewhat that of a small boy who has ac-
quired a set of building blocks of every con-
ceivable size, color and shape, with which

By Berwyn Converse

The beautiful entrance porch is made even more in-
teresting by judicious planting

gree to the gray coloring which is produced by the salt air
with its constant dampening and drying. Mr. Adams’
home is sufficiently near the south shore of Long Island to
have felt this “weathering”
house, while really but a few years old, has much the ap-
pearance of a very old building. The dwelling is oblong

effect and the result is that the

in shape with two shallow wings at
right angles to the main structure.
It is two stories in height, with a
rather steep gambrel roof which,
with its wide dormers, affords the
space of a full third story and yet
keeps the building sufficiently “‘low”’
to be in keeping in a rural locality
where the ground is very nearly
level and where a three-story build-
ing, unless it covered a large area,
would be very much out of place.
The house is built of cypress shin-
gles cut out by hand and laid with
wide courses to the weather. ‘The
walls and roof with the somewhat
uneven surfaces thus presented have
toned down or weathered to a beau-
tiful silver gray which affords a
pleasant contrast to the ivory-white
of the exterior and the dark green
blinds which are used at most of the
windows.

The homes at Lawrence are
placed in grounds of some extent

May, 1912

and, as boundaries are not
clearly defined, the general
appearance is that of a park
in which country homes are
built. This provides a set-
ting, individual and sufficient-
ly spacious, for each home
and Mr. Adams’ house is
placed amid lawns and trees
where the planting has been
so carefully done that it is
aiready completely at home
in its environment. Placed
some distance from the road
the house is approached by a
broad carriage drive which
turns in an oval before the
main entrance. ‘Tall bushes
of California privet, near the
house, are clipped into sym-
metrical form and at either side of the portico is a low,
closely trimmed hedge which extends from the driveway to
the steps. Over the entrance doorway is a fanlight—not
of leaded glass but of small panes set in a framework of
wood. At either side of the door are tall vertical lights of
a design to agree with that of the fanlight above. ‘This
entrance to the house is protected by a portico of very sim-
ple design, a pediment supported by slender columns and
pilasters with Doric capi-
tals, all painted the ivory-
white of the exterior wood-
work. The door opens in-
to what is practically an
open vestibule, for at either
side are placed small clos-
ets which are connected by
a wide arch which leads in-
to the broad hall. Just be-
yond, the hall is spanned by
another arch where the
stairway leads to the floors
above. The woodwork is white with a stair-rail of mahogany.
Old fashioned “‘scenery” paper covers the walls and upon
the floor are Oriental rugs. Here is much old mahogany furni-
ture and under the landing of the stairs glass doors or windows
reaching to the floor give a glimpse of the garden beyond.

To the right of the hall is a very large living-room where
the fireplace is between two windows opening upon the
veranda. Iwo more windows overlook the approach to the
house and the unusual length of the room is broken by a
beam across the ceiling in
much the same fashion as is
seen in houses built one hun-
dred years ago. Beyond the
living-room is a small study
or smoking-room which has
a fireplace of its own and
windows which overlook the
lawn upon one side and
which face.the garden in an-
other direction. Upon the
left as one enters the house
is the dining-room, which is
separated by pantry and
storeroom from _ kitchen,
Jaundry and other domestic
departments still farther on.
These household arrange-
ments are unusually com-
plete, for in the dining-

DINING
ROOM

Hace

AMERICAN HOMES AND

View of the hallway fori the entrance

First and second floor plans

The garden front of the house of Mr.

GARDENS 16

room, close by the side-
board, is a steel safe which
is built into the house and
concealed by a door which
matches the rest of the
woodwork. In such a safe
may be kept the family sil-
ver, secure from any but the
most skillful of burglar
craftsmen. At one side of
the kitchen is a veranda for
the use of the maids, and
the laundry, besides being
supplied with the usual con-
veniences, is provided with
a dryer which greatly facili-
tates the work here done
and which also renders un-
necessary a weekly exhibi-
tion of household linen.
Upon the landing of the stairs is an oriel window with a
cushioned seat. The second floor is divided into five bed-
rooms, two bathrooms and a number of closets, besides a
large linen closet and a dress closet, both of which have
windows of their own. One of the bedrooms, placed where
it could not open upon the upper hall, is reached by a short
flight of steps from the landing of the stairs. Several of
the bedrooms have open fireplaces and upon this floor, as
elsewhere in the house, the
“risers” which carry steam
or hot water heat are con-
cealed in closets. This can
be appreciated by anyone
who has _ seen interiors,
otherwise successful, spoiled
by these upright pipes.
Upon the upper floor are
more family bedrooms and
quarters for the servants
with the bathrooms re-
quired. ‘These rooms are
well lighted and ventilated by the steep gambrel roof and
the deep dormer windows with which it is broken. .
Perhaps the more interesting side of the house is that
which overlooks the garden, enclosed by a tall and very
thick hedge of privet. A broad, straight walk leads from
the house to a garden entrance, where the hedge is trained
and clipped into a heavy arch which forms a gateway cut
from walls of solid green, which reminds one of the won-
derful effects obtained in some English country-houses.
Within the garden are walks,
laid out and edged with
grass in the old-fashioned
manner, and flower beds
where the old-time hardy
flowers run riot. The spot
is made as secluded and re-
tired as a garden should be
by the tall hedge and the
flowering shrubbery by which
it is walled in. The appear-
ance of the house from the
garden is of particular in-
terest, for the two wings
which extend at right angles
from the main building are
placed with symmetrical
“balance” and the gable of
each is emphasized by a
chimney of attractive height.

William Adams

Pt |
occas

See

iehinine ce

The quaintness of effect of this cottage of stucco is due largely to its

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

by dormer windows

broad roof surfaces which are entirely unbroken

A Cottage of Stucco

By Robert Leonard Ames

promo |ASTEFUL simplicity of design and careful
¢ REY EAP q °
arrangement of floor plans are the two chief
characteristics of this cottage built at Boon-
ton, N:. J., by Mr. William -C. Lauritzen,
a New York architect. The house is really
much more spacious than its appearance
would indicate, for in spite of its apparent small size it
contains eight rooms and two bathrooms, abundant space for
storage and a veranda area about equal to that of a room.
Upon a concrete foundation are walls of
stucco applied upon metal lathing which is

OMAN ON ON ONT. ONO ONT

usual number of bedrooms besides the usual living-rooms
and service quarters and the plan gives to each department
of the house the completeness it requires without sacrificing
the privacy which is necessary. The main entrance opens
into a small hall and then into a large living-room
well lighted by three windows. At one side of the room
is a wide fireplace lined and faced with brick and with a
hearth of brick laid in “herring-bone” pattern. Built-in
bookcases are fitted into the recesses thus formed. Beyond

| the living-room are dining-room, pantry and

Pa sae | kitchen with its service entrance, which is hid-

stretched upon the usual framework of wood.

den by a trellis upon which climbing roses are

The walls are of a slightly roughened surface
stained a pale gray and the trim is of wood,

already being trained. The rest of the main
floor is given up to two bedrooms and their

painted white, with heavy wooden shutters fez])
painted olive green. The roof is of shingles

stained a dull, dark red. A broad veranda

bath, and these rooms are entered from their
own hall, which separates them from the liv-
ing-room and gives them a seclusion which is

DRIVEWAY

extends across the greater part of the front
and the plan provides for a flooring of large eat
“quarries” outlined with brick laid on edge.
The four columns which support the roof are
of the rough gray stucco, of which the house itself is built,
and their simple Doric capitals are in complete accord with
the direct and straightforward character of the building.
This house was planned for a family requiring an un-

First floor plan

| seldom given to first floor sleeping-rooms.
Both bedrooms have ample closets, and a linen

\ closet is provided in the hall, which also con-
tains the stairway which leads to the upper
floor by an ascent in a perfectly straight line. :

The second story is divided into three bedrooms and a
bathroom and there is a large attic for storage which could
easily be made into more bedrooms, lighted and ventilated

May, 1912

by a row of low dormer windows which would in no way
detract from the quaint effect of the broad, sweeping roof
lines which are carried down to the eaves of the veranda.
The rooms of the first floor are ten feet in height and the
trim is of cypress stained a deep brown in living- and dining-
rooms, simply oiled in the kitchen and painted white in
bedrooms and bathrooms and the halls upon which these
’ rooms open. The ceilings of the upper floor are sufhciently
high for comfort and ventilation and are protected by
‘quilting’ against extremes of either heat or
cold. This material, which is now well

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

167

utilized as a library with many windows overlooking the
valley.

A home built in the woods even more than one built any-
where else must be settled and fitted into its site, and this
can hardly be done without the planting and the aid of grow-
ing things, for which time is required. A study of the illus-
trations will suggest the beauty of this little place where
nature and time have co-operated to complete the quaint-
ness of effect which has been so carefully begun and where
much shrubbery has been massed about the

known and widely used, is a sheeting of cer-
tain fibres which is placed between the plaster
of the ceiling and the shingles of the roof and
is impenetrable by either cold or by heat.
The locality in which this home has been
made is one of those wild and rugged regions
which abound in the hilly section of New Jer-
sey not far from New York city. The house
has been placed literally in the woods and.

foundations and vines trained upon walls and
the columns of the veranda.

The level space before the house invites
particular care in the laying out of a garden
which might be planned with the simple
Dutch formality suggested by the exterior of
the house. The effect would be particularly
interesting if the garden were enclosed by a
clipped hedge with piers of stucco or brick to
mark the entrance. The interest of a house

built upon a plot which slopes so abruptly
that space is given upon one side of the base-
ment floor where several rooms might be placed, wholly
above ground. This idea might be worked out and the
space upon this lower floor made into a kitchen and a dining-
room which might open upon a broad flagged terrace, par-
ticularly inviting by reason of the extensive view over a
heavily wooded valley to be had from this part of the
house, and which is merely suggested by the two pictures
here shown. By removing kitchen and dining-room to this
lower floor wonderful effects would become possible and the
space upon the main floor which they now occupy might be

Tae ee

Second floor plan

A New Jersey house built literally in the woods, with a wonderful view over a Wooded valley

depends to a large degree upon the care and
skill with which the grounds and gardens
are arranged and every opportunity is here offered for gar-
den planning to enhance the beauty of an extremely inter-
esting building.

This little home would be as suitable almost anywhere as
in the New York suburb in which it is built. It depends for
beauty and distinctive effect wholly upon its correctness of
line and the character of such adornment as the flower box
just above the front window of the living-room and the
paneled wooden shutters with their half-moon “‘ventilators,”’
after the manner of a century ago, and the old glass panes.

AMERICAN HOME

ATTRACTIVE

THERE ARE FEW ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
CARRIED OUT THAN A FIRE]

x aad

ec
* Nay, VFA a4
ee EV YK ae

Et Selene |
NEE

“ee spe, isi Pe
a mor

—]
a]
1)
B
Z
Lo
a0
B
6)
Z
N
al
aia
Lx]
oa!
z
[4]
~
O
=
tx
NY
oe)
O
a
=

4 bh
O {
Og
vA "
jaa|

—]

oh
a
nN)
Ee
aol
=H
|
Lx] |
~

AND GARDENS

NGLENOOKS

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

“ATTRACTIVE. INGLEN OOKS

THERE ARE FEW ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES IN A HOUSE MORE INTERESTING WHEN WELL
K

170

he Nab COR

The home of Mr. S. A. Pakes, a

AMERICAN HOMES: AND GARDENS

SE MRS TALE =3 =

Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. A

May, 1912

shingle house of interesting design

A Group of Suburban Homes

of the most attractive of
the New Jersey suburbs.
They are all worthy of
careful study by the builders of country
and suburban homes in any part of the
United States, for the exteriors are of
several wholly different types and the
interiors present several unusual plans
of floor space. The homes are of dif-
ferent sizes and have been designed for
a climate which includes extremes of
heat as well as weather which is some-
times exceedingly cold. The grounds
about the houses have been planned
with unusual care and the resuit may be
helpful to other home builders, for very
often a country home may be made or
marred by the arrangement of the set-
ting in which the house is placed.

A building site some distance above

HE four very interesting small houses here

shown were designed and were erected ‘by
Mr. O. J. Gette, architect, New York, in one

Entrance porch of the Pakes house

By Edward M. Carroll
Photographs by T. C. Turner

the street level is frequently supposed to offer difficulties
which cannot be overcome, and the impulse upon acquiring
such a building spot is usually to make a contract for its

reduction to the grade of the surround-
ing property. The home of Mr. S. A.
Pakes, at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jer-
sey, which is here shown, has been built
upon ground which is far above the
sidewalk, but so cleverly has the design-
ing and planning been done that the
height above the street grade has been
worked out into a very pleasing and
decorative feature. The site is some-
what spacious and across the front of
the grounds a retaining wall has been
built of cobblestones and the wall con-
tinued up the stone steps which ap-
proach the house. Such a wall is par-
ticularly interesting where the grounds
above are planted with shrubbery and
when in the small spaces between the
stones are grown the vines and small
shrubs which make the wall gardens of

May, 1912

tok

Garden front of the Pakes house

England so fascinating. The house which has been built
at the top of these picturesque stone steps is of shingles
which have been toned to a deep tint by the action of the
weather. The trimmings are of white and the expanse of
roof surface is broken by one wide dormer carried across
the entire front
above a broad ver-
anda.

At one corner of
the house, away
from the veranda,
is the main entrance,
which is_ sheltered
by a “Germantown
hood” extended at.
one side to surround
a huge _ chimney
built of the same
cobblestones which
form the wall about
the grounds. The floor diagrams show exceedingly success-
ful floor plans, for placing the entrance at one side has made
it possible to devote the entire front to living- and dining-
room. The stone chimney provides a very deep fireplace in
the living-room and two windows
and a door open upon the screened
veranda, which overlooks the lawn
and the brownstone wall.

The upper floor of Mr. Pakes’
house provides four bedrooms and
a bathroom, all of which are a full
story in height by reason of the dor-
mer which breaks the roof lines of
the front. There are three bed-
rooms facing the street and all are
planned with closets, some of which
are built in the many available
spaces under the long sloping roof.

Living Reom

FIRYT YTORY PLAN

Pinsy Stowe PLAN

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Floor plans of the Pakes house

Floor plans and view of entrance porch of
tect’s house at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey

171

OF OE TLL CTE CDE LOTS GES LI TEAL ERT ATA

TOTES

BEALE ED IIPS se ed

Entrance side of the Pakes house

Upon still another floor are more bedrooms and storage
space lighted by semi-circular windows in the gable ends
and another dormer set in the roof at the back of the build-
ing. This side of the house has been planned with great
care and the kitchen entrance is covered with a hood sup-
ported by wooden
brackets. A trellis
upon which vines
are being trained is
placed at one end of
the house and the
drying yard is
screened by lattice
work which agrees
with lattice panels
about the founda-
tions of the veranda.

A tall hedge of
Driviete closely
clipped, would con-
fer an air of distinction upon almost any country home and
it increases the beauty of even so interesting a place as is
shown in the second group of pictures, which illustrate an
architect's home. ‘The strong and dignified exterior of this
house is obtained by the use of broad,
plain wall and roof surfaces, the
small window-panes and the white
Doric columns at the entrance. Care-
fully planted shrubbery and smooth
lawns surround the house and all are
enclosed by a wall of green. Placed
between white wooden benches is
the principal doorway which opens
into the entrance-hall. A reception-
room is placed at the left and at the
right are living- and dining-rooms.
In the first of these rooms are built-
in bookcases, casement windows

SLICOND STORY PLAN

eed

an archi-

PLAN

STORY

YS LCOND

placed in a recess and other casements reaching to the floor
The bedrooms of the upper
floor are lighted by windows placed in deep dormers for
which the slope of the gambrel roof gives sufhcient space.

which open upon a veranda.

The little home
of Mr. F. W. Kin-
micott,. at. Has-
brouck Heights,
New Jersey, is as
different as possible
from the average
suburban home and
perhaps its being so
out of the ordinary
constitutes one of

AMERICAN

An architect’s home at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey

Pee aE IP 57

* Set soe

Di wy

BUTLERY
PANTRY

its chief charms.
When a house is

said to be unusual it
generally means

that it is freakish,
but nothing could
be quainter and yet
more practical and
satisfying than this
demure little cot-
tage with its well-

spaced windows, the hood across the front and the arrange-

FIRJT STORY- PLAN
St

fem} ORCA

House of Mr. F. W. Kinnicott, at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey

CHAMBER

SECOND: /rorY: PLAN

et — te

Floor plans of the Kinnicott house

ment of vestibule with its transom above the entrance. t

Fully half of the space upon the lower floor is occupied by
the living-room, into which the entrance door opens. A

large fireplace is here built
and at one side the stairway
leads to the floor above.
dhe stairs-are so arranged
that they form a feature of
considerable decorative
value and connect from the
landing with steps into the
kitchen, which greatly in-
creases their practical value.
Just beyond the living-room
is the dining-room, which
connects through the pantry
with the kitchen. A window
in the living-room opens
upon a veranda which is use-
ful from a decorative as well
as a practical standpoint, for
it greatly extends the hori-
zontal dimensions of the
house and prevents what

o be.

Front of an architect’s house at H

aebrouck Heights New J

a7 <a

ersey

would otherwise be a rather tall and narrow building. At
the same time it provides with its screened openings the out-
of-door lounging place which is obviously so very necessary
for any completely successful country or suburban home.

The house som
Mr. E. Edwards,
also at Hasbrouck
Heights, which with
its floor diagrams is
shown on page 173,
is an es pecralilay
pleasing example of
what we know as
the Dutch Colonial
type. No effort has
been made to pre-
serve the somewhat
austere lines of the
early Dutch archi-
tecture, and the de-
signing has been
quite freely handled
and yet kept within
the boundaries of
excellent taste. The
cottage is two

stories high, as houses of this kind of architecture are apt
It presents a very broad and well balanced exterior
with its entrance placed at the middle and the eaves brought
low over the windows and shallow oriels of the ground

floor. A pergola is extended
across one entire end of the
house and its timbers are
supported upon fluted col-
umns with Ionic capitals,
which are also used at either
side of the little entrance
portico with its arched hood
which covers the doorway.
The gambrel roof is broken
by three dormers with very
simple pediments, and the
windows which they contain
are fitted with small panes,
as are the windows of the
house throughout.

To afford as much space
as possible for the main
rooms upon the ground floor
a departure has been made
from the interior arrange-

May, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 173

ment which a gambrel-roofed exterior immediately sug- age within a very brief space of time. The arrangernent of
gests. A house of this type is often planned with a hall the grounds about the Edwards place and such planting as
dividing it and with rooms at either side, which is, of course, has already been done give promise of even more pleasing
the plan upon which the early examples results a little later. The house built as
were built. Here the entrance door it is quite close to the street has a stretch
opens into a hall which is square or of lawn between the sidewalk and the
nearly so, with the stairway placed just steps to the entrance portico. The usual
opposite. The lower landing of the planning of course would provide for a
staircase is placed two or three steps straight walk to the doorway, but here a
from the floor and a door upon this walk approaches the steps from either
landing opens upon a few steps which direction which makes possible the un-
descend into the kitchen—an arrange- broken lawn space before the house and
ment which combines every practical ad- confers a certain effect of space upon
vantage of two stairways with the econ- the entire surroundings.
omy of space which is afforded by the The use of flower-boxes at the two
use of one. At either side as one enters oriel windows of the lower .floor also
the house are doors into living- and din- bestows an air of refinement and dis-
ing-room which are unusually attractive tinction upon the house and one is apt to
by reason of their spacious proportions wonder why this very simple and dec-
and tasteful furnishings. The space orative treatment is not more frequently
upon the second floor is divided into used. During the greater part of the
four bedrooms, numerous closets and year the boxes might be filled with a suc-
two bathrooms, and a stairway leads to cession of growing plants which would
still another floor where there is a gar- render more beautiful even the most in-
ret space and also a room for a maid. teresting of houses, and during the Win-
Someone has said that with the com- ter months they might hold plants of
pletion of a house and its occupation by some of the numerous varieties of ever-
the family which is to dwell within it greens which would supply a note of
the actual making of a home has been color during the period when the land-
merely begun. This is particularly true scape is apt to be rather dull and bleak
of a home in country or suburbs where and color of any kind would be partic-
much planting and improving of the home grounds must ularly welcome. All these houses, indeed suggest the value
be done, for which time is required. Even with the most of planting as an emphasis to architectural effect whereby
endless of resources one cannot produce quite the effect of the house is “knitted” to its site by Nature’s indulgence.

“TROT ° FL@R>PLAN:

CHAMBER

SECOND STORY - PLAN

Floor plans of the Edwards house

EERE GET oa ee

The house of Mr. E. Edwards, at Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. A small house of great

See

distinction and character

Sle eet

This frieze of pictorial tiles

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

as a ae Ta

bearing a continuous landscape design is especially well devised for decoration

rs een aks

here i

Some Domestic Uses for Tiles

By Norris N. Strathfield
Photographs by T. C. Turner

~q]| OME builders and architects are realizing as
never before the decorative possibilities of
tiles in numerous places where their use com-
bines beauty of effect with the durability
which was once considered their most desir-
able quality. A generation ago tile making
might have been considered one of the “‘lost arts’’ along
with the making of “silver lustre’ and colored engrav-
ings, and it is only within the past few years that we have
progressed beyond the point of using only the white glazed
tiles which are placed in bathrooms and kitchens chiefly be-
cause they are sanitary and easily and quickly cleaned. The
revival of this art, like the increased interest in brick as a
building material, is due quite as much to our quickened
appreciation of the beautiful as to the zeal and energy of
the manufacturers in providing these wares for our use.

It is almost impossible to define easily the difference be-
tween brick and tiles, for they may be said to be but two
slightly different forms of the same thing. Each, in its
simplest aspect, is merely a cake of vitreous clay molded
into shape, baked into permanent hardness by intense heat
and then decorated or left unadorned, according to the use
to which it is to be put. The making of bricks and tiles is
so ancient that it is not possible to tell just when it was be-
gun. ‘The excavations of the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon
have brought to light pavements and walls of tiles which are
marvels of beauty. Pliny tells us that Byses began the use
of tiles 620 years before the dawn of the Christian era, and
they were introduced into Italy just before the beginning of

the Renaissance. ‘The art had its origin in the east and
reached its highest development in Persia and India and in
such parts of Europe as were most affected by eastern influ-
ence. It achieved a brilliant success in Spain, where it was
introduced by the Moors, and some of the most beautiful
and interesting work in the world is the tiling in the Alham-
bra and other buildings which are relics of the Moorish
occupation.

An examination of these ancient tiles shows us that they
were used chiefly, although not exclusively, either out-of-
doors or in places which were more or less exposed to the
weather. ‘Their use with us has been largely as flooring or
walling for terraces, conservatories, verandas, vestibules or
loggias which are wholly or semi-exposed. As a flooring
material the tiles are usually in the form of flags or quarries
which are often regarded as bricks rather than tiles, for, as
has been noted, it is difficult to draw the line between the
two. These paving tiles are made in a great variety of
shapes, although those in the form of squares or oblongs are
the most popular, and the favorite colors are gray, brown,
or the darker shades of red, blue, or green. ‘Their use
would be more common were it not that their initial cost is
greater than that of wood, but the same reasons urged for
the use of brick instead of wood as a building material hold
good in an equal degree in urging the use of tiles in place of
wood for flooring. Apart from its greater beauty it is im-
perishable and is not affected by the temperature or the con-
stant wetting and drying to which it is often subjected and
which eventually causes the decay of a flooring of wood and

May, 1912

consequent expense for its
renewal. The use of tiles
suggests coolness and tneir
interesting texture makes
them valuable in many
places where wooden floors,
stained or painted, would
not be suitable, and in piaces
wholly out-of-doors they are
particularly appropriate, for
after all they are closely re-
lated. to the earth, being
made of clay, which, of
course, is the earth itself.
The advantages of tiling or
flagging for flooring instead
of wood more than compen-
sates for the difference in the initial cost of these materials.

The fireplace is everywhere the center of family life, and
tiling is used wherever the fireplace is found; in fact, the
use of tiles is so largely in connection with the fireplace that
many people think of them
chiefly as a decorative ad-
junct to the mantel or chim-
ney-piece. At any rate, their
use in this way is of wide and
increasing interest, for man-
ufacturers are vying with one
another in making their tiles
for this purpose more and
more beautiful and alluring.

The usual custom has been
to set tiles around the fire-
place opening. They may be
of plain surfaces or deco-
rated in any number of ways,
either with set, formal fig-
ures or so arranged that a
continuous scene is shown
which may either extend across the top of the opening or
down the two sides as well. The variety of design is be-
wildering and a fireplace almost anywhere may be fitted with
tiles decorated in accordance with the purpose of the room.
A nursery fireplace may be set with squares showing the let-
ters of the alphabet or children playing games of different
kinds, or the tiles might illustrate the stories of Cinderella,
Jack the Giant Killer or Little Red Riding Hood. For the
library a very interesting treatment might show the signs of
the zodiac worked out in two or more colors, and not long
ago a particularly interesting assortment of tiles was intro-
duced showing in the softest of greens, old reds, blues and
buffs numerous old buildings in Boston such as the Old State
House, Faneuil Hall and the Old North Church. The de-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

than merely as a setting about the opening.

‘““Swans and Lily Pond”’ tile

175

signs were made strong and
effective by combining black
with the soft tones of the
colors just named.

For use in other parts of
the house there are always
reproductions of antique tiles
which are of never-failing in-
terest, for the art of every
country during many cen-
turies has been lavished upon
their design. ‘The delft tiles
of white and blue, which
show the dykes and wind-
mills of Holland, are beauti-
ful in many rooms, and for
other uses reproductions of
old Spanish tiling in yellow and blue may be selected.

But tiles may be used about the fireplace in other ways
Hearths and
fireplace linings are often made of heavy tiles sufficiently
strong to endure constant
use, and entire mantels and
chimney-breasts may be built
of tiles specially molded,
and even the mantel shelf is
sometimes one large tile
made for this purpose. This
seems, of course, to be a most
expensive method of fire-
place building, but it need not
be, for the makers of these
fittings supply the _ tiling
ready made, decorated and
packed so that merely the set-
ting in place remains to be
done, and this is within the
ability of any workman of or-
dinary skill. Not long ago
the writer saw in the atalier of some young architects a
most fascinating fireplace where the entire hearth and chim-
ney-breast, extending to the ceiling, were of extremely beau-
tiful tiling. Upon small squares of a slightly rougnened old
blue surface were quaint Byzantine figures worked out in
gray. Certain squares bore the initials of the owners and
a border was used about the fireplace opening and up either
side of the chimney-breast. Across the top there extended
a frieze which agreed in character with that placed about
the entire room. ‘The arrangement was so wonderfully
beautiful that it might have been built of antique tiling, but
all of the material had been selected from the open stock
of a well-known dealer, acquired at a very moderate cost.
cut where needed and set into place by an ordinary workman.

e of tiles

176 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

ot: Se stn See =

house showing the charming patio

A California Home

the distinction of its
excellent design makes
it a house worthy of note and one
which will furnish many points of sug-
gestion to other home builders. This
house is owned by Mr. I. E. Levi, at
Cupertino, and is situated in a valley
that commands a view of Mt. Ham-
ilton, some thirty-six miles away. ‘The
interesting external features of the
house may be seen from a glance at the
accompanying illustrations, but when
the planting is further advanced the
premises will be even more delightful
and inviting. It would not be
strictly correct to describe this house as
a bungalow inasmuch as it has two
stories, one the plan of which is shown
here and a second story, which con-
tains two large open-air sleeping-

Dining-room, with view of Mt. Hamilton, 36 miles distant

MONG the many hospitable homes the tray-
eler finds in California is one of especial
attraction by reason of its excellent plan
and thorough livableness, which added to

By Roger L. Vieth

rooms, a dressing-room and a lavatory. The woodwork of
Mr. Levi’s house is especially beautiful. Some hint of this is
to be gained from the illustrations of a corner of the dining-
room and of the fireplace side of the living-room shown

herewith. The views from the great
windows commanding the surrounding
countryside of the valley are very
lovely and the owner of this beautiful
home in California has left nothing
undone to make the premises homelike
and interesting.

Not the least interesting thing about
this house is the fact that the owner,
who designed and built it himself, de-
vised an earthquake-proof foundation
which has demonstrated its practicabil-
ity in already withstanding a severe
shock. Six weeks from the time Mr.
Levi started his house he was living in
it! To effect this rapid construction,
and to do it thoroughly and with
safety, twenty carpenters, two masons,
two hod-carriers, several plumbers,
electricians and laborers were employed.

The great living-room with its beamed effective ceiling

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 177

.
«
Be a
4

i -
LLVatb «

The lines of the roof of this interesting California house, placed upon several levels, strongly emphasize its Japanese tendency

The Western Home of a Musician

By Thomas R. Thorndyke

pesmmenarenane HE cosmopolitanism of an American city is
Se ¥q|| generally expressed in the variety of its ar-
<44\| chitecture, and the diversity is apt to be
even greater, in the suburban districts,
where space affords opportunity for wider
expansion than is possible within the narrow
dimensions of a city lot. This is true of cities upon the Pa-
cific coast in even a greater degree than of those in the
Eastern states, for these cities of the West are the ports
through which comes intercourse with the Orient, and the
influence of China and Japan constitutes a factor with
which reckoning must be made. This influence is strongly
felt in the architecture of California, for there are found
many homes which are either frankly adaptations of Japa-
nese motifs or combinations of several styles among which
the Japanese seems to prevail. A home built by an artist
and planned for the practice of some form of art is always
interesting, and when such a home is to be built in Califor-
nia where so great a variety of locations are available and
where architecture of every possible kind is well represented,
the result is sure to be of more than ordinary interest.
The illustrations show the home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert
H. Adams, near Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Adams is
a musician and in building a home, which she herself has
planned to a great extent, a room for the proper rendering
of music was naturally one of the chief considerations. A
house has therefore been built which fulfills this definite pur-
pose and which is also a home, complete and satisfying, to
those who dwell therein. A study of Japanese architecture
and its application to what we know as the bungalow type

has greatly influenced its planning and the designing of its
exterior and interior fittings.

Much of the country about Los Angeles is almost, if not
absolutely, level and during the greater part of the year the
days are bright and sunny and there is almost no cold
weather. This, of course, makes possible a bungalow much
different from one built for all the year occupancy in a part
of the country where the climate might be very different and
where the cold of Winter as well as the heat of Summer
must be planned for. The Adams house is an excellent ex-
ample of the California bungalow, which to the discerning
varies greatly from the types found elsewhere. It is placed
upon a suburban street where it is surrounded by other su-
burban homes, but its marked individuality stamps it at once
with an air which is all its own. The materials used and the
manner in which they are combined suggests at once the Jap-
anese and the clever way in which they secure variety of
effect by a judicious use and careful and discriminating com-
bination of the simplest materials. Here the combination
is of brick and wood of several varieties. The use of so
many kinds of material cannot be recommended for use in
many instances, but here they have been very carefully used
and the result is exceedingly interesting. The walls of the
house, where they are of wood, are arranged in panels with
horizontal bands where necessary to balance their planning.
The portions built of brick are divided into panels by the use
of strips of wood which agree with the strips used for the
same purpose upon the walls which are of frame. The
arrangement of the roofs carries the Japanese idea still
further, for owing to the unusual planning of the house the

178

front shows several
roofs at different lev-
els but all possessing
the same general hor-
izontal lines. The
rafters which support
the roofs are allowed
to project somewhat
from under the eaves
and their ends are
rounded off, as are
the ends of the tim-
bers of the pergola,
which is a very im-
portant feature of
the exterior of the
-house. The colors
used upon the exte-
rior emphasize the
Japanese character of
the bungalow, for the
brick is dark red
laid with gray mor- @ ce ae
tar; the walls of oT
wood are of a green-

ish-brown and the shingles of the roof have turned black
with the effect of the weather. ‘This excellent combination
of colors does much to bind the house with its great variety
of material into a consistent architectural composition.

Placed rather close to the sidewalk, the house possesses a
broad terrace which extends across the entire front. The
floor, which is upon two slightly different levels, is paved
with brick and the greater part of the terrace is enclosed
with the simplest balustrades, which comprise two strips of
wood placed horizontally one above the other and joined
to low piers of brick which are themselves framed with
bands of wood which repeat the effect of the panels of brick
framed with wood upon the house itself. The entrance is
from the terrace directly into a large and lofty living-room
which occupies almost the entire front of the house. ‘This
room is the center of family life and is also Mrs. Adams’
music-room. ‘The room is almost two stories in height and
is planned to provide the accoustic properties so dear to
the heart of a musician.

To make them as perfect as possible very few draperies
have been used and the walls are very largely of
simply finished rough-coated plaster divided into panels
by the use of strips of wood. At one end of the
living- or music-room is the piano and a built-in cabinet for
sheet music. A group of casement windows overlooks the
entrance terrace and just below them is a long built-in seat;

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

he well-designed grill gives entrance into the pantry

May, 1912

at one side of the
room are placed the
stairs which lead to

the floor above. At
the far end of the
living-room, as one
enters the house,

two steps descend
into a small library
or study which is di-
vided from the liv-
ing-room by a heavy
horizontal beam.
This little room con-
tains a fireplace with
chimney-breast of
tile and brick, at
either side of which
is a bookcase which
has been built into
the space so formed.
Close at hand is a
wide window-seat,
which is really a
woodbox which may
be filled from outside the house with wood for the fire-
place. Merely raising the seat of this built-in settee shows
the fuel at hand. Before the fireplace is a large study table
and drawn up around the fireside are chairs and a bench in
the mission style which are here thoroughly in keeping with
their surroundings. The table is covered with the same
leather which is used for cushions upon bench and chairs
and the furniture is stained to match the woodwork of the
walls and ceilings.

The placing of this small study upon a level somewhat
below that of the living-room makes possible a balcony just
the size of the study itself, and this gallery is reached by a
narrow stairway which is built at one side of the fireplace.
The balcony, of course, looks down into the living-room
and is fitted with a built-in seat and two more seats which
hang suspended from the ceiling. ‘The lighting fixtures of
the living-room, the little study and the balcony are in the
form of small hanging lanterns of copper.

Opening by folding glass doors from the living-room is
the dining-room, where the treatment of walls and the ar-
rangement of furniture carry out in a somewhat different
manner the idea of dividing space into panels—the same
treatment which is used for the exterior of the house. Here
strips of wood have been placed upon wall and ceiling where
they meet. The walls themselves are divided into panels
by strips of wood which are stained mahogany to match

Si see

May, 1912

the furniture, which is also
of mahogany, and the dark
tones of this wood form a
pleasant contrast with old
blue of the rugs and the
paper which fills in the pan-
els of the walls. The side-
board is of particular inter-
est, for it has been built in
two sections and placed at
either side of the door lead-
ing into the pantry and the
kitchen. Each section is fitted
with the usual drawers and
shelves and the door between
is set with a mirror which is
framed in with a wide band
of mahogany.

Nowhere in the house,
possibly, does the Japanese
spirit which dominates this
little California home find
such complete expression as
in a small breakfast-room,
which adjoins the dining-
room and which also con-
nects with the pantry and the
kitchen. This room is placed
at the southeast corner of
the house and at two sides
are placed windows which
completely fill the spaces.
These windows are covered
by plain screens of split
bamboo and through them the sunlight is poured into
the room where the walls are of buff and the woodwork and
a very interesting built-in cabinet are very simply stained.
Table and chairs of colored “‘reedcraft”” ware and the win-
dow screens of bamboo are stained the same copper color,
so that with the buff walls a very beautiful and distinctive
effect is created which is made even more decorative by the
use of Japanese lanterns of metal which are hung just above
the breakfast table. At one side of this room the windows
screened with the bamboo shades open upon a broad per-
gola where upon horizontal timbers are trained vines such
as only California can produce, and where the purple blos-
soms of the wistaria carry even a degree further the Japan-
ese feeling which is here so strong.

The kitchen and the pantry are placed where they may be
directly reached from breakfast- and dining-room and are

SEE,

Sete,
Sent Cn

The lounging balcony of the living-room

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The spacious high-ceilinged living-room

179

complete with all the fittings
which are required for suc-
cessful housekeeping. hese
domestic departments are
connected with the living-
room through the small al-
cove, in which are placed the
stairs leading to the floor
above, and the door by which
they connect with this alcove
is one of the most interesting
features of the house. This
door, together with the ver-
tical panels at either side, is
of a kind of lattice work,
made of wood in a simple
but very quaint design and
stained to match the wood-
work in the living-room, of
which it is really a part.

Stairways are almost al-
ways interesting, and gener-
ally they have more charac-
ter than any other one part
of the house. A very suc-
cessful staircase has been
built which is placed, as has
been said, in a recess or al-
cove which opens from the
living-room. It is partially
screened by a low partition
of paneled wood, upon which
is placed an earthenware jar
covered with wicker. Be-
hind this low parapet or screen the stairs ascend with sey-
eral square landings upon one of which is placed a small
group of casement windows; upon another landing a
mirror is placed where it reflects anyone passing up or
downstairs, this being a clever idea of Mrs. Adam’s
and one which is the greatest possible convenience, for it
gives one an opportunity for a final survey of her appear-
ance before entering the music-room below.

The house is so arranged that only a portion of it is two
full stories in height. The part which contains the living-
room, study and balcony is somewhat less than two stories
and the bedrooms are placed above the dining-room, break-
fast-room and kitchen, where ample space is obtained. The
stairway leads, therefore, to a small hall upon which open
three bedrooms and a bathroom. These rooms have win-
dows facing in several directions and the grounds which they

The living-room showing lounging balcony

180

overlook are being made into
a garden designed and built
in true Japanese fashion,
with the dwarfed trees,
small bridges over water,
stone lanterns and all the
other effects which make a
garden in Japan or its coun-
terpart in California a spot
so quaint and delightful.

Life in California is lived
so largely in the open that
one naturally thinks of a
bungalow in southern Cali-
fornia as having a patio or
some kind of a living-room
out-of-doors as a social cen-
ter quite as important as the
living-room with its _fire-
place, study table and cush-
ioned seats. The Adams
bungalow is provided with a
veranda which is enclosed by
the house upon three sides
and which fulfills every ex-
pectation made of a patio in
this land of sunshine and
flowers. Here the floor is
covered with rugs, of mat-
ting or woven grass; hickory
and bamboo chairs are
grouped about and hanging
baskets filled with growing
ferns and blooming plants are
suspended from above. Lighting at night is supplied from
small metal lanterns of Japanese design, which are fastened
to the walls and provided with electric current.

The vegetation of California is so wonderful that with
only a very little care and cultivation the most astonishing
results may be secured with all kinds of flowering plants and
vines. No doubt, therefore, that within a few years this
little Los Angeles home will be a bower of floral beauty and
its Japanese garden will glow with flowers which will make
it more than ever a transplanted bit of the ‘Flowery King-
dom.”

The setting of a home of such pronounced individuality,
however, must be planned with the utmost care. Placed as
it is upon a suburban street and in the vicinity of other
houses of varieties somewhat different, it would be well to
separate it to some extent from its neighbors. This does

_View of the Adams house before planting was commenced

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A corner of the comfortable living-porch

May, 1912

not mean that a high wall
should be built about the
place, but that tall growing
shrubbery might be planted
about the boundaries of the
plot so that a screen might be
created which would prevent
the quaintness of the house
being spoiled by direct com-
petition with other buildings
of a wholly different order.

This is true in even a
greater degree of the garden
which, as has been said, is
being made upon part of the
plot. The tendency in plan-
ning gardens upon suburban
places is to ignore the bound-
aries of individual gardens
and to allow them to form,
as far as possible, one large
and beautiful garden planned
in sections, as this treatment
greatly enhances the beauty
of them all. It will be read-
ily seen, however, that a Jap-
anese garden would suffer ir-
reparably in being thus
brought into such close con-
tact with other garden spots
so entirely different in char-
acter. Its delicate beauty
would be quite lost without
bestowing any benefit upon
the other garden spaces which might adjoin. For planning
a division between such a garden and the neighbor’s there
are various tall shrubs or low trees which may be in keeping
with the Japanese garden as well as with the others. Ever-
greens of various kinds are appropriate, for they belong to
Japan no less than to America. The Japanese maple is so
commonly used in gardens everywhere that we may claim it
as well as the Japanese. Low maples and rather tall ever-
greens therefore might be used to define the boundaries of
the garden and to provide the setting necessary for the
proper development of such a spot.

If it be desired to connect such a garden with others
which may adjoin, the connection might be through an arbor
or pergola draped with vines, and placed between a garden
planned in American fashion and one modeled after those
of Japan the character of both gardens would befpreserved.

>
~~ 1@}
Poh
fl ‘aaa | tt my “oie |
ae 2 Baetee meow 2

The brick terrace on the living-room side of the house

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Raising Ducks on the Small Place

By E. I. Farrington

Suamag)| ANY people with only a little land can keep
Bes gedal| ducks to better advantage than hens. At
the same time, the owners of large estates
find ducks well worth raising both because
they are attractive to look upon and because

a"} they contribute a desirable delicacy to the
It really does not matter whether the flock be large

table.
or small, or whether there be water for the birds to swim

in or not. A dry goods box will do for a house, if there
is nothing better, and the amount of attention required is
much less than is demanded by a flock of hens.

Ducks are remarkably free from disease and seldom
troubled with vermin. Neither perch nor dropping-board
is required in the house they occupy, for they roost on the
- floor. To be sure, the floors must be kept dry, but that is
easily accomplished by throwing in more bedding in the
shape of straw or shavings when the
need requires and cleaning out the
house once a month.

Low fences will confine ducks and
the birds are driven about with the
greatest ease if not frightened.
They grow much faster than hens
and begin to lay when younger.
After laying becomes well estab-
lished, the eggs run surprisingly
fertile and the percentage of young
birds hatched is considerably larger,
as a rule, than when eggs from hens
are used. At the same time, for it
is only fair to set forth the draw-
backs along with the advantages,
four weeks are required for incuba-
tion and the eggs must be set
quickly, not being kept over a week.
Likewise, duck eggs have thin yolk
cells, which are easily ruptured, so
that the eggs must be handled care-
fully. Furthermore, the shells are
tough, and considerable moisture is
required during the hatching period,
but this is easily supplied, when the am
natural method of incubation is ~ ie
being followed, by sprinkling the es
eggs every day, after the second week. The eggs are not
laid in nests, but on the floor of the house or on the ground,
and usually in the early morning, so that it is customary
to keep the laying birds confined until the day is several
hours advanced, for if allowed to wander, they will not
take the trouble to return to the house in order to lay their
eggs, but deposit them wherever they happen to be.

The eggs should be gathered before they have been ex-
posed to the cold long enough to freeze and are best kept
in a cool and dark place, and the quicker they are set,
the better.

Ducks are kept for two purposes, meat and eggs. Many
readers will be surprised, no doubt, to learn that people
keep ducks almost solely for the eggs they lay and that
there is a market for these eggs. This is rather an inno-
vation, to be sure, and has come about through the intro-
duction of the Indian Runner duck as a commercial experi-
ment. Already large numbers of these ducks are being

REET SLA EN ie

Indian Runner drake of the

raised, largely by town people who have only a little land,
suburbanites and farmers, who find their breeding a profit-
able side line. Several women have taken up the growin
of Indian Runners, Mrs. Andrew Brooks of Auburn, N. Y..,
being one of the most prominent, with results, apparently,
which are highly successful from a pecuniary point of view.
No doubt the demand for hatching eggs and breeding ducks
will be sufficient for some time to promise the disposal of
considerable stock in this way.

The beginner, however, should be sure to get Indian
Runners of the English standard’s requirements, or he
will find himself in bad company. The ducks imported
from England lay white eggs and a great many of them.
The American standard show type has had alien blood
introduced in order to produce solid fawn color with no
penciling in the plumage of the females and to get drakes
with head and rump markings much
the same as the body color. As a
result, some of the characteristics
of the pure Indian Runner have
been lost, fewer eggs are laid and
the eggs often have a greenish tinge.
The market wants white eggs, so
that it is well to be careful about the
purchase of breeding stock. Breed-
ers in this country are having a
spirited debate over the question of
changing the American standard.

The Indian Runners lay day after
day for weeks without a break.
They have often been known to
lay over 200 eggs a year, and fre-
quently are referred to as the Leg-
horns of the duck family. Purely
as egg-laying machines, they may be
rated higher than hens, and the
eggs are larger and richer. ‘The
eggs weigh about six to a pound and
two of them are equal to three hen
eggs in the kitchen. Probably 180
eggs a year would be considered a
satisfactory output for an average
bird. That would mean a total of
thirty pounds, or seven and a half
times the bird’s own weight. Put in that way, the figures
sound surprisingly large.

It is not fair to judge the eggs of Indian Runners by.
those which other breeds lay. They have a delicacy of
flavor and an obvious richness which speedily commend
them to epicures. At first there is generally some pre-
judice against duck eggs to be overcome, although many
people prefer them to the eggs laid by hens. The whole-
some white color does much to remove the prejudice in the
case of Indian Runners and after a few have been eaten
they are selected on their merits. Suburban and other
people who like to produce their own eggs in order to be
sure of their quality can well afford to investigate the Indian
Runners to see whether they cannot be kept with less bother
and expense than hens and with a greater degree of satis-
faction as regards their eggs.

When it comes to ducks for meat, the Indian Runner
drops to the rear and the White Pekin comes to the front

DPOB SAE

182

of the stage. This is the breed used almost exclusively on
commercial duck plants, and for several reasons. The
Pekin is a large bird, and grows with marvelous rapidity,
often reaching a weight of six pounds in ten or twelve
weeks. It is easily raised and fattened. Being pure white,
the feathers add materially to the profits. Eight to ten
birds will yield a pound of feathers, worth from forty to
fifty cents as the market may run. ‘That is assuming that
the birds are dry picked. If they are scalded, the feathers

are not worth as much by five or six cents a pound.
Pekin ducks have fine white flesh and can be raised in
They are sold when be-

brooders very early in the year.
tween ten and twelve weeks
old and there is a large and
growing demand. Pekin
ducks are easy to keep and
easy to raise. A pen of four
or five with one drake will
be enough to insure as many
ducklings as the average
amateur can well handle.
The Pekins lay fewer eggs
than the Indian Runners,
but from sixty to a hundred
may be expected. Generally
those laid at the beginning
of the season are not very
fertile, so that it hardly pays
to set them. On large plants
the birds are forced by heavy
feeding so that they lay in December, but the amateur may
be satisfied to get his first eggs in late January or early
the following month.

There is yet another excellent breed of ducks, the Rouen,
which commends itself to the man or woman who wants
to keep just a few and does not want to give them much
attention. Rouen ducks grow as large as Pekins but do not
mature as fast, and their brown, plumage makes them less
valuable as market ducks.
Neither do they lay as many
eggs as the Indian Runners,
but to run at large, foraging
for much of their living,
mixing with the other fowls
and still proving satisfactory
as to egg producing and
table qualities, the Rouens
are not easily excelled.
Indian Runners and Pekins
should not be allowed in the
yard with other feathered
stock. It is different with
the Rouens, because they are
peaceable and docile. ‘They
will subsist largely on the
waste of a farm, and are
satisfied with a rough shed as protection from the weather.

People who have been accustomed to caring for hens
will be surprised, agreeably, no doubt, to find that ducks
require very little coddling even while they give just as
good an account of themselves. The very fact that there
are no dropping-boards to clean off means considerable say-
ing in labor, as well as doing away with a disagreeable
task. No whitewashing of the house is necessary, for there
are no insect pests to combat, and there is no doctoring of
roup and gapes. One disadvantage lies in the quack of the
ducks, which may become annoyingly monotonous if the
birds are penned in close proximity to a house; a condition
which may be readily avoided in time. Some breeders claim
that the Indian Runners make less noise than other breeds.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Rouen ducks are large, docile and particularly good for the small estate

Low fences will confine ducks within bound

May, 1912

There are several points wherein the care of ducks dif-
fers materially from that demanded by hens. Hens, for
instance, thrive on dry rations, while ducks must have a
soft mash, for the reason that they have no real crop and
the food goes more directly to the digestive organs than
with hens. At the same time, a little whole grain may be
given. Commercial breeders often feed the laying stock
a luncheon of whole corn. Soft mash, though, is the regu-
lar diet for old and young birds alike.

Hens may be kept for a long time in one yard, but if
kept for more than a year or two in a small enclosure,
ducks make the ground soft and muddy—‘‘puddle”’ it, as
the saying goes. This result
can be avoided, though, by
using the yards only a part
of the year, spading or
ploughing up the ground
and sowing rye as soon as
the ducks» have been re-
moved. This practice serves
a doubly useful purpose; it
keeps the ground in good
condition and it provides a
crop of green food for the
birds to eat—and _ green
food they must have in
order to do well.

Ducks are nervous and
easily disturbed, especially
when housed in large flocks.
For that reason it is well not to keep more than fifty young
birds in the same pen or yard. Sometimes a sudden and
unusual noise will cause them to stampede, climbing
over each other in their blind fright, and bringing about
disastrous results. ‘That being the case, it is well to have
them in small flocks and to encourage small boys to stay
away. It is not uncommon for ducks to become affrighted
at night, when there are many together, so that they all set
up a tremendous quacking
and rush about in wild con-
fusion. This sort of trouble
may be prevented for the
most part by keeping a
lighted lantern in each pen.

Although ducks do not
need water to swim in, they
require a great quantity to
drink. What is more, this
water must always be given
in vessels sufficiently deep
so that the ducks may bury
their entire beaks in the
water. The reason for this
necessity lies in the fact that
nostrils are easily clogged by
the soft mash which they
eat or by the mud into which they sometimes delve so that
they would smother if they could not wash it out. When
they are eating, they continually leave the feeding trough
to waddle to the drinking fountain to drink and to wash their
bills. It often seems difficult to convince people that ducks
really do not require water in which to bathe. It is a demon-
strable fact, however, and outraged though Nature may
be, the birds get along just as well if they never have an
opportunity to stick their webbed feet into water as long
as they live. It is true that some breeders hold the opinion
that the eggs are more fertile when the ducks have water
for taking the kind of exercise which is most natural to
them, but it is also true that some of the largest and most
successful duck plants in the country contain neither pond

May, 1912

nor running stream. Even
when there is water in
abundance at hand, the
ducklings should not be al-
lowed to paddle in it until
they are feathered out.
Indeed, even the watering
dishes should be of a kind
which will prevent the
ducklings splashing into
them and getting their backs
wet. Sometimes ducklings
drown in a hard rain storm,
so that it is wise to get them
under cover at such a time,
just as in the case of chicks.

It costs very little to
equip a small duck plant which will answer for an amateur.
Of course, it can be made as ornate as may be desired on
the exterior, if it is where appearance counts, but a simple
little house only high enough for a man to work ‘in, and
constructed of single boards covered with roofing paper or
with the cracks battened, is sufficient so far as strict utility
goes. Indeed, that is more than is necessary, even when
several breeding ducks are kept. Boxes six feet long, three
feet wide and two feet high, made of rough boards, with a
door occupying all of one end and containing holes for
ventilation will answer every needful purpose and wiil
accommodate five ducks. - There should be two inches of
clean straw on the floor all the time and the boxes must be
kept under shelter, as in an open shed, or have a sloping
roof arranged which will shed water. The imperative re-
quirements of a duck house are that it shall be free from
draughts and dampness. Mere cold the ducks do not seem
to mind, but dampness is disastrous.

Two-inch mesh, No. 19 chicken wire makes the best
fence. It is light and may be stapled to pointed stakes
easily driven into the ground. Such a fence can be rolled
up, stakes and all, when it is desired to plow up the yard,
and may just as easily be transferred to another location.

7 # aj, re on

ELE

Pekin ducks are pure white and they grow to full size within a few

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A well-arranged duck yard

months fr

183

Ducks may be hatched in
incubators if desired, and
that is the practice, of course,
on all large plants. If an in-
cubator is being bought for
this purpose, the purchaser
should remember that it will
not accommodate as many
duck as hen eggs. A machine
with a rated capacity of sev-
enty hen eggs will take fifty-
six duck eggs; a machine to
accommodate 244 hen eggs
will hold 200 duck eggs; a
390 hen-egg machine has
room for 300 duck eggs.

When using an incubator
for ducks, it is well to remember that much moisture is
required. Where a cement floor makes it possible the floor
is often kept wet with a watering can. The machine is
run at 102 for the first week or two and then at 103. The
ducklings are best left for thirty-six hours before they are
removed to the brooder, which should be ready for them
at a temperature of ninety. The ducklings need heat for
a much shorter time than chickens. Although much will
depend upon the weather, the temperature ought to be ma-
terially lowered as the birds become stronger so that it
will be down to eighty when they are two weeks old, and as
soon as they begin to forsake the hover, heat may be dis-
continued. It is well for the birds to run outside as soon
as weather conditions are favorable. They need good venti-
lation. Probably more ducklings are killed from too much
heat in the brooders than any other cause. ‘They are sus-
ceptible to heat, anyway, which is not to be wondered at
when the thickness and warmth of their feathers is consid-
ered. In Summer it is well to have a shelter of rough
boards or of canvas, if there is no natural shade in the
yards. Sometimes young ducks get on their backs and find
much difficulty in getting right side up again, unless they

(Continued on page 191)

Catena tas: =

om ening They are Ronaidered: the best inte for the market

from subscribers pertaining to

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries

should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

May, 1912

ome Decoration. Stamps

TRANSFORMING THE WINTER INTERIOR

By Harry Martin Yeomans
Photograph by T. C. Turner

HE rooms of the all-the-year-round house do
not have to be made dreary and funereal,
the pictures shrouded in dust covers that
make them appear like so many white spots
on the walls, and te furniture encased in
drab, somber slips, just because the Summer
season is at hand, although with some people, this seems
to be the mistaken idea of what the interior of a house
should resemble during the outdoor season. ‘There are
dreary days-in Summer when one cannot be out of doors,
so the house should always be made as cheerful and livable
as possible, for this, if for no other reason. It is often dif-
ficult to choose color schemes and furnishings which will
adapt themselves successfully to both Summer and Winter
use, but that should not deter one from transforming the
Winter house into a Summer retreat when the gratifying
results that can be obtained with very little trouble and ex-
pense are realized.

EAVY draperies and rugs that make a room de-

lightfully cosy in Winter will have the effect of making
the atmosphere stuffy and oppressive during the warm
months. It is better to remove the pictures than to cover
them up. Heavy draperies should be changed for light
and airy fabrics and slip covers of bright cheerful colors
for the sofa and easy chairs, will change the whole at-
mosphere of a room. In one little house in the country the
putting on of the Summer garb was accomplished in a simple
manner. ‘The owner appreciated the decorative value of
the bright flowered English cretonnes and chintzes as
Summer draperies, and used them in profusion in dining-
room, library and living-room. ‘The dining-room had white
sash-curtains at the window and long over-curtains of rose
and green cretonne, which harmonized effectively with the
Colonial spirit of this dining-room. The Chippendale chairs
had slip-seats which facilitated their being covered with
the cretonne and also its removal.

HE living-room had crisp, fresh, sill-length curtains of

lawn at the windows, over-curtains of cretonne show-
ing yellow roses and a mass of green foliage. Neatly
fitted furniture covers of this same material covered the
sofa and easy chairs, and two yellow enameled chairs of
willow upholstered in cretonne were added, and also a large
gray and yellow rag rug. ‘These rugs make the cheapest
kind of a Summer floor covering, as one measuring about
eight by ten feet can be obtained for six dollars. ‘The color
scheme of the library was rather dark in tone with dark
brown stained woodwork, so the flowered cretonne could
not be used here. A blue, green and écru Jacobean pattern
was selected instead, and used for long curtains at the

windows and made into slip covers for the Davenport and
other leather upholstered furniture. Vases were kept full
of flowers, not always from the garden, but Golden Rod,
Wild Carrot, green foliage and the wild plants helped to
make this all-the-year-round house a cool and inviting place
in Summer.

HE plan of this homemaker is commendable in every

way, as the draperies and slip-covers were cleaned be-
fore being put away in the Fall and her house could put
on its Summer dress at almost a moment’s notice. And the
furniture covers of cretonne not only protected the furniture
but were decorative as well.

T this season the Summer dress for the little house is

under consideration, when, perhaps, as soiled or faded
wall-pupers are going to be replaced and the woodwork
treated to new paint, it is not inappropriate to men-
tion a few general facts relative to the refurbishing of the
little house. Interior decoration is something like the
doctor’s profession, inasmuch as no two cases or problems
are exactly alike. Each needs individual treatment, so it is
dificult to formulate any hard and fast rules which will
exactly meet the individual requirements of all. There are,
however, several well established principles which it is well
to bear in mind when planning any new interior work.

VERY problem of interior decoration should commence

with the four walls of the room, which are to be the
background for not only the furniture, pictures and what-
ever else one may elect to place in a room, but also for
the individuals who congregate there. So it is always de-
batable whether plain or figured wall surfaces are the better.
For all general purposes, plain wall surfaces, or those that
have the effect of being plain, are preferable to those having
large repeats. They make a better background for pictures
and furnishings, especially when a heterogeneous collection
is used; they do not tire the eye, are restful, and should
always be used in rooms to be occupied by persons of
nervous temperaments. If it is feared that a monotonous
effect will be the result, color and gaiety can be introduced
in hangings, upholstery, cushions and lampshades, and the
flowered cretonnes and chintzes immediately suggest them-
selves for this purpose.

HE oatmeal papers, Japanese grasscloth, cartridge

papers and the woven effects all make excellent plain
wall coverings, but one should not overlook the tinted plaster
walls, or the walls that have been treated to several coats
of flat, dull paint. These, besides being both beautiful and
sanitary, come nearer to being real decoration than wall-
papers.

F decorative wall coverings are employed, the problem at
once becomes more difficult. They preclude almost en-

tirely the use of pictures and decorative objects, and it
behooves one to have the furniture match as regards general
outline, wood, texture and color, or the result will be a

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 185

The Indian Tree pattern in tableware is one of the most attractive designs to be had. A 100-piece

room the various parts of which will have the appearance
of being at war with one another. With figured walls,
plain hangings and upholstery matching the general color
of the wall covering are fitting accompaniments. Large
sharply defined designs should be avoided, as they have a
tendency to make rooms appear both small and stuffy.
When a light color scheme is being used, nothing will im-
part to a Summer house the fresh, clean appearance that
comes from a plentiful use of ivory-white paint.

HE conclusions to be drawn from the foregoing are

that with plain walls it is permissible to use figures or
decorative fabrics, but in rooms with figured walls one
should use plain textiles for hangings and upholstery, but
when in doubt it is best to keep on the safe side and have
plain walls.

N almost any large city, one will frequently chance across
a row of houses built exactly alike, and it is always in-

teresting to note some little changes which have been
made by one owner and which tend to make his house
more attractive than the rest, although the main features
have not been altered. In the center of a long row of com-
monplace, brownstone dwellings, one house stood out
prominently and presented a cheerful, attractive counte-
nance to the passerby. At first glance one received the im-
pression that this house differed materially from its neigh-
bors, and it did in effect but not in reality. The window
sashes, each containing one large, glaring sheet of glass,
had been changed for sashes having six small rectangular
panes to each sash. The window frames, sashes, mullions
and front door had been painted white, and these simple
changes had transformed this gray, somber facade into a
neat, trim, attractive house front. The windows of a house
will not look like great staring eyes when small panes are
used.

HANGING the window sashes was not one of those

improvements which adds to the outward appearance
at the expense of the interior effect. The decorative
value of small window panes cannot be overestimated, and
the breaking up of the window into small sections is prefer-
able to having only one large pane of glass in each section.
Some types of houses positively demand them and the
Colonial, Elizabethan, half-timbered houses, Mission
houses and cottages lose half their charm unless the small-
paned windows are generously used. The oblong panes are
very often employed but the diamond-shaped ones set in
wooden mullions are most attractive and decorative, both
from the interior and exterior of a house, and these look
especially well in the casement windows. Small panes of
leaded glass arranged in a simple geometrical design will
lend distinction and interest as well to any window, even in

set will cost $20.79

addition to the windows of the houses above mentioned.
OR obvious reasons it is not always convenient to make
radical changes, such as purchasing new sashes or hav-
ing old ones fitted with new mullions, but there are some
economical shortcuts which are worth noting. In a certain
apartment the living-room was lighted by a large north
window, facing on a court. Black passe partout tape was
pasted over the large panes of opaque glass, so as to form
diamond-shaped sections, and this simple expedient effective-
ly broke up the barren appearance of this large window. In
another room a lattice was made of narrow flat boards and
fitted snugly into the sash over the large pane of glass,
which gave the effect of a number of small panes in each
sash. Any extra expense put into decorative windows is
economical in the end, as they become decorative features
of the room and need almost no draperies at all; a fabric
hanging in straight folds, to be drawn in the evening, being
all that is necessary, or a diaphanous material hung close
to the window will soften the light and not hide the windows.
It is an excellent idea to have small-paned windows when
the view is not alluring, as one is then tempted to look at
the windows and not through them.
PORCELAIN TABLEWARE
OW often has the eye of the sensitive person been
‘J offended and good digestion interfered with by having
a dinner served on dishes which did not match and forming
a medley of inharmonious color on the table. If the pre-
caution was taken of buying open stock patterns, then broken
or marred dishes could easily be replaced, and the table
would not have to be set with odds and ends. All of the
large shops now carry a great variety of open stock patterns
to fit all purposes. The English porcelain, or cottage ware,
is very charming and makes very beautiful breakfast sets,
so that the same dishes do not have to be used for all three
meals. The Indian Tree pattern is especially attractive and
comes in three variations of the same design, one of which is
shown in the illustration. The main part of the design
shows a branch of a tree with pink apple blossoms, treated
in the Chinese taste, on a cream ground, with a border of
the apple blossoms. The colors are pink, green and brown,
and a one hundred-piece dinner set costs $20.79.
N this connection it must be remembered that the writer
is here referring to the table set for the usual formal and
semi-formal occasions of the regular family meals, for it is
true that the “picnic” luncheon or supper of an impromptu
nature may have its dishes set forth on an array of all sorts
of plates, pottery and porcelain side by side, perhaps, never-
theless a certain dignity should be sought for when the table
is regularly set, which is only to be obtained by the harmon-
ious relation of any part or unit of the service to the other.

186 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

Around the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply ‘s desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

0000%50000 (O) coac$s0000
MAY-TIME IN THE GARDEN him that he should not attempt to gain an early start by

transplanting either flowers or vegetables of the tenderer
AY is a month of exciting things for the gar- sorts until the danger from frosts is quite past. I suppose
den-beginner. If, for the first time, he is our first thought, if we are poetically inclined, is for the
|| engaged in the delectable occupation of coax- flowers we associate with the thought of May-time. The
-ing Mother Earth to be kind to his efforts clouds of April’s showers now appear to the vision as Mil-
to make his back yard an Eden, or his front ton’s
yard a paradise of lovely growing things,
his enthusiasm must not permit him to overlook the fact ne
that the old-time enemy of all garden-makers since gardens which, in Heber’s words, “Spring unlocks to paint the laugh-
first were—Jack Frost—may still be lurking in the ambush 1ng soil.” oy others—the prosaic or the practical—the
of the promise of an early season. Indeed, I know of no first thought will be of vegetables. If, then our gardens
greater discouragement that besets the garden-beginner or are to Join the hands of poetry and prose before great
the experienced gardener than that of encountering late Nature's altar it will behoove everyone who has a garden
frosts unprepared for them. Indeed, the experienced gar- to give attention to “flower and food for garden’s good”
dener will hardly ever permit himself to be caugnt in such as an old-time rhymster puts it. ‘Therefore, though we start
a trap, but for the amateur entering upon his first season with the more beautiful we shall not neglect the subject

one must urge especial diligence in this matter, and remind of the just as useful.
F your Sweet-Peas have been planted early, you must ar-

range to have on hand brush or trellis support for
them, which should be set up just as soon as the new vines
reach a height of from five to six inches. Wire will prove
an excellent material for the supports and may be strung
between posts driven into the ground for the purpose. The
writer remembers having seen an arrangement of two posts
driven into the ground four feet apart, between which wires
were tautly strung (a piece of chicken wire would have
been better). On top of each post was placed a circular
box in which Sweet Peas of low-growth were also planted.
The high-growing plants reached to the top of the wire in
due time and this little corner of the garden presented a
fence of exquisite, fragrant bloom throughout the Summer.
If you have not a cold-frame, you may sow seeds of such
flowers as will require planting in some sheltered spot, tak-
ing care to cover the ground on any indication of frost.
One should bear in mind that the latter part of May is the
time for planting the Dahlia, the Gladiolus and the Tube-
rose. Gladioli planted the last week in May should bloom
in August. The last week in May will find it safe to trans-
plant old perennials for border re-arrangements. One
must not forget to spray Rose bushes the second week in
May. Whale-oil soap is excellent for such purposes. Then
the pruning of all the Spring-flowering shrubs must be at-
tended to immediately after they are through blooming.
A for the vegetable garden, May is the time for plant-
ing Bush Beans in the open ground, Lima Beans in
cold-frames, Beets for succession, setting out Cabbages,
planting Cucumbers (the last week in the month), Let-
tuce for succession, Melons (last week, or when settled
weather is assured), Onions (they may be transplanted
now also), Peas for succession, Squashes (settled weather),
aaa as — Sweet Corn for succession, and for setting out Tomatoes
A May-time flower, the Lily-of-the-Valley, Convallaria majalii when the ground is warm. There are a number of

PC LOUdS
That shed May flowers.’’

May, 1912

things, too, that will require
attention in the Strawberry
bed. Newly set Strawberry
plants should have their blos-
soms removed, and the old

plants should now be
mulched with clean straw to
conserve moisture and to

protect the fruit from dust
as well as from weedy
growths. The main crop of
Potatoes will be planted in
May, and this will, indeed
prove a busy month around
the garden.

A NASTURTIUM WALL

O lovelier color scheme

of orange, gold, gray,
green and vivid blue was
ever conceived by artist than
that which has been worked
out with a low wall of gray
stones, embroidered with
nasturtiums, set upon the
very edge of Lake Amper-
sand, in the Adirondack
Mountains. The wall ex-
tends for a distance of about
half a mile or more in the
shape of a crescent and mere
splashes of gray show

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A home-made pergola, rustic in effect, that could be made at small
expense and would be suitable as a complement to the garden area of
any small home in the country or in the suburbs

187

through the thick embroid-
ery of flowers and foliage,
which hang over the wall to
trail in the vivid blue of the
water and there to reflect a
submerged repetition of wall
and blossom in a gorgeous
band of orange and of gold.
One comes suddenly upon
the end of this crescent
where it touches a drive
through the woods, and,
with a quick intake of breath
at the loveliness of it, every
one pauses to look across the
vivid line of curving color
and its reflection in the
lake. Upon the shore of
Lake Placid, some eighteen
miles away, another wall of
the same sort has been set
before the grounds of a bun-
galow, and both teach the
lesson of what may be ac-
complished in any country
spot where there is water,
by gathering native stones
into a low wall and planting
nasturtiums, which care for
themselves and offer unend-
ing pleasure.

188 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HELPS TO Tie

a esl
ESOS

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

May, 1912

FIXING UP A SMALL HOUSE

By Elizabeth Atwood

spirit, there is great pleasure and unlimited
satisfaction in fixing up a small house and
making it harmonious and beautiful, in spite
of the fact that there is little money to spend.
Any one with money can buy artistic ability
and good taste, even if he does not possess those qualities;
but the individual of limited means must study out what to
do to make his small home beautiful, even if he has not
much artistic skill to begin with.

This study is a development in other ways than in the
dressing of his house, if he will allow it to be. If he is just
a business man, connected only with the sordid side of
money-making and money-getting, he will, in his spare
moments, be lifted out of the soul-wearing atmosphere,
if, with his sweetheart or his young wife he takes up the
study of making his little home a
thing of beauty. ‘They will read
together the magazines which are
fairly brimming with suggestions
for decoration. They may follow
them, or through these suggestions
evolve the scheme of home deco-
ration best suited to their needs—
and their pocketbook. When they
have done this, I think they are far
ahead of the man, who, with plenty
of money, has bought his scheme
outright.

To me, good taste in home deco-
ration represents good judgment
combined with practical common
sense. To seek this earn-
estly is what I mean by hav-
ing the right spirit. In
some, this wonderful thing,
good taste, is inherent, but,
alas, in others it is not.

It does not seem _ har-
monious, for instance, to
put a large sum of money
into one or two articles of fur-
niture, and then have them §
grin at the rest of the house —
which could not be fur-
nished according to their
standard, for lack of funds.

The teachings of simplic-
ity set forth by William
Morris have done much for

The old house presented many problems to the young couple who set
about to transform it

us all, but there are many still who have not been reached.
He has banished the old ‘‘what-not,” so well-named, with its
dust-collecting contents, the massive carved furniture, and
all the horrors of forty years ago. Now we have the simple
lines, the quiet tones, all tending toward a restful and har-
monious style of house furnishing and decoration.

This is a boon to the man and woman of moderate means,

who do wish to have their children grow up with surround-
ings calculated to develop in them a love of the beautiful
in the world. Say what you will, children do reflect
in after life the effect of their early home. The little home,
very simple because of stern need, may and should develop
the best ideals in the minds of growing children. What
kind of an ideal can a room too good for actual use, kept
only to impress a caller, develop in the boy or girl living
in the dining-room—or with friends who may have them
in their home at any time? Parents should think out all these
things when making the atmosphere of their small home. I
have in mind a home, made on this principle: ‘‘What is here
is for us, and this is good, too, for
our friends.” They live in every
inch of the house. Having this idea
in mind when they began, everything
has developed along these lines, and
now, although children have come,
everything remains harmonious, for
the home was prepared for their re-
ception and future care.
This young couple, when they
started out, had no money to spend
in decorating the home. They had
bought a piano and a sewing ma-
chine when they were first house-
keeping in the old house which they
had bought. ‘They had a few things
which “‘mother” gave them,
and had been compelled to
buy a few necessary things
like stoves, tables and chairs.
They had no debts but
neither did they have any
money. But they had the
aforesaid good taste, un-
limited perseverance and
good health.

But what a proposition
the old home was! They
even had to tear down par-
titions to make the rooms
the right size. A bedroom
was in this way added to
what used to be the most
sacred “‘best room,” and the

May, 1912

two made a large _living-
room with five windows,
two to the south and three
to the west. The old kitch-
en was made into a dining-
room, and a pantry and
passageway was made into
a kitchen. These, with one
large bedroom constituted
the house, save for one
finished room in the attic.

All of these improve-
ments were slow of comple-
tion, for the business of liv-
ing took most of their time.
Their greatest problem was
the walls, and next the
floors. During this period
they got together enough money to buy for the walls some
dull red burlap. The walls were too rough to take paper
unless done over, and they could not afford to do this.
Neither one of them knew how to “‘hang”’ paper, but both
could tack on the burlap; so this was used for the dining-
room and the large living-room.

The bedroom walls were covered with pale blue building
paper, which they bought very cheaply. They managed
to get this on the wall themselves, for it was heavy and had
no pattern, proving that “where there is a will there is a
way.’ The young woman said, “What is the use of a
college education if mere walls are to beat you?” The
kitchen walls and open shelves were all painted a pale
chocolate color lined off with red, for the young woman was
a crank on light, and this color caught all the rays which
came through the one window. Before the burlap went
on the walls, the woodwork of the other rooms was painted
a very light creamy yellow.

It was not possible for

them to have hardwood
floors. They did not be-
lieve in carpets, and could

not have them anyway. They
had a few good rugs, wed-
ding presents, so they de-
cided on painted floors.
They chose a dull shade of
sage-green, and the Oriental
rugs look very well upon it,
I assure you; and, as the lit-
tle mistress said, ‘‘greenish-
gray is very pleasant to live
with.”

A cot bed was made into
a couch in one corner, and
with pillows (filled with the
excelsior from their moy-
ing) for “‘backers,’”’ it was
comfortable and good to
look at. Another corner
had two boxes, two feet
wide and five feet long, cov-
ered with cushions, and
made to hold dresses which
were not in daily use, mak-
ing a charming corner seat.

This up-to-date young
woman also said, “If we had
fewer and better made
chairs, and more window
seats, we and our children
would be more comfortable.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The old kitchen was made into a dining-room

The living-room was made from two bedrooms

189g

So choose carefully what
you put in your living-room.
Try to put into it a fireplace,

a few good books, some
musical instruments, a fine
picture, or photographs of

fine ones, a big seat or couch,
and some comfortable cush-
ions, a steady table, and a
good lamp; then, if the room
is of fair size, it will look
cheerful and like a living-
room.”

These young people had
books, beautiful bric-a-brac
and fine china and cut-glass,
all given them when they
were married. There was
not one spot in this new-old house where these could be
put except upon the floor. They had no money to spend
on a bookcase and the pantry had been made into a kitchen.
The young man was handy and very resourceful. He
bought from time to time a few feet of eight-inch planed
boards. He designed and made bracket ends for shelves,
which were placed from a mantel post around the corner to
the window frame; from window frame to window frame,
and so on around the room. (The illustration of their fire-
place shows the effect.)

All this took time, and many long evenings of w ork, but
in the end the result was delightful. These shelves were
stained rather dark, so that they made a fitting home for
the books. The statuary, brasses and other ornaments
show well against the dark red wall. Soft, thin yellow
hangings in the windows make this room one of the most
attractive rooms I was ever in. Figure for yourself the
actual cost. It would be im-
possible to buy the personal
charm of it, however.

Then our young man
turned his attention to the
dining-room. Again he de-

signed the shelf spacing and
bracket ends. Here the ar-
ticles of china found at last
aplaceston stay. ldlere;.in
evidence, they delight the
eye when not in use. They
serve to train one’s taste on
these open shelves far bet-
ter than they could shut
away in a cupboard, and only
seen when used. A sliding
door opens a space between
these shelves and the work-
ing shelf of the kitchen, and
through this the little
mother can watch her chil-
dren at play while she does
her kitchen work, and also
can pass the clean dishes,
saving many steps.

In the illustration of the
dining-room please notice
the little holders for the pew-
ter platter and the plate.
Then the cupboards under
the shelves, which make good
places for crackers, cake and
many other articles always
calling for a dry, cool place.

190

I hear someone saying, ‘“‘Well, we are not all handy,
and we cannot always whittle out our own brackets.” No
one knows really what he can do until he tries, and perhaps
even this doubter might discover latent possibilities.

Here is how another moneyless couple achieved success.
Having been impressed by the beauty of the little home
they used some of the same ideas, and the first couple felt
that success was theirs.

The young man who had been clever enough to whittle
out his brackets and was glad to be able to help another
struggling couple, made a pattern for the second young
man, who was not so clever,
and who had no time to
whittle his way. He took
this pattern to a saw-mill,
and had the brackets sawed
out for him; bought the shelf
boards, and saved much time.
However, the man who whit-
tled loved the work, and got
great pleasure out of it.

The second young man
had high ceilings in_ his
house to bother him. Some
vandal had bricked up the
old fireplace, but the white
framework of the old man-
tle still was’ there.. The
woodwork was white and
the wall paper was almost
white. Another task even more hopeless was this of mak-
ing a cosy, homelike room out of such unpromising ma-
terial. He painted the book shelves white; that was neces-
sary. But the book covers gave color, and the shelves di-
viding the great height and lonesome walls, saved the day.
Here was the good taste of the first young couple passed on.

The young wife of the second home more than did her
part in the homemaking. Curtains of scrim were hem-
stitched, and a drawn-work band put in each. ‘Then side
curtains of dark green softened the great glare of white.
A corner-seat with covering of flowered tapestry, a piano,
a table, and a few good chairs, converted this unpromising
room into a hospitable, restful, homelike place.

The dining-room with one row of shelves for special
dishes was changed by this dividing line into the living-
room. Simple cheesecloth curtains, stenciled, completed
the charm of this room with its plain mission furniture
given them at their wedding.

I know that the charm of these two homes has been of
great value to others, even though they were unconscious
of it, for these homes are both simple and true, and reflect
the characters of their ae in a aauase of ways.

A CHESTNUT HILL GARDEN

(Continued from page 157)

SE cio afer el [0 fcc fel fo ccc ILO) eg fdemarooo ta fo oncnponco bel [O) fjooogooo fa fadonccffonmo tole) (ORO

to the flaming burst of color. Geraniums trained on frames
in the shape of pyramids mark the corners of one square,
Cassia trees, whose blossoms are the yellowest of all yellow
things, mark another, at yet other points are swelling bushes
of Box or damask Roses, brought hither from a former
home, blooming with unabated vigor and fragrance on
stocks more than a century old. Scents as well as colors are
considered in this garden, so we may be sure, if we look, of
finding old-fashioned spice Pinks, Heliotrope, Mignonette
and all the rest that bygone generations were wont to put
in nosegays.

Passing on a space we glance into the fernery, a wonder-
ful grotto under glass where rare ferns grow by mossy pools

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A novel way of serving fruit.

May, 1912

with goldfish playing in their depths. Beyond the fernery
one path leads to the tea-house, a perfect piece of Japanese
handiwork brought from Tokio, perched amid great firs and
hemlocks on the brow of a steep hill that frowns down upon
the Wissahickon at its rock base; the other path brings us to
the boathouse. To fully know Compton and appreciate its
varied beauties you must see it from the stream. The
hither bank, dark with towering evergreens, at one point
rises abruptly from the water with jagged boulders and
bare ledges; fat meadows line the farther side and mighty
trees throw interlacing branches from shore to shore and
cast a grateful shade. In
early Spring the ground by
the boathouse is carpeted
with myriads of bluebottles
so intense in color that we
perforce avert our eyes. It
makes one feel how provi-
dential it is that grass is
green and the sky blue. Per-
haps, however, if the reverse
were true we might look
'heavenward oftener. Not
far off is the mouth of the
brook that runs through the
grounds. It is worth our
while to retrace its course to
see the Iris beds and the long
LE Rose arbor and, beyond,
See page 192 the Rhododendron thicket.
But to try to chronicle the delights of Compton brings de-
spair. At every turn some new surprise awaits the eye,
whether it be a Calabrian oil jar of witching grace or a ven-
erable Etruscan urn or the rare tree or shrub in glorious ar-
ray of blossoms we have never seen before. Rarely beau-
tiful as Compton is and filled with all manner of wonderful
things, its charm is many fold increased by the atmosphere
of sincere hospitality that master and mistress are ever
careful to maintain. Truly, to use Lord Bacon’s words,
it is assuredly a place of ‘“‘refreshment to the es of man.”

EE) LO (a ft ee ft cfc [fot coco fn ccdpooo to Fo) (OM Cae! aS OlezE:
SMALL HOUSES OF STONE AND STUCCO

(Continued from page 161)
for mos ote sce Orn Sia OE See Oe an ST OOS

to their occupants. ‘They show conclusively how much can
be accomplished for relatively little money in the way of
house-building when intelligent effort is applied to the prob-
lem in hand.

The house, costing $7,000 illustrated on page 161 and
designed by McIlvaine E. Roberts, architect, Philadelphia,
shows a living-room twelve feet by eighteen with a most en-
gaging inglenook built in an alcove apart from this space, a
hallway, a dining-room fifteen feet by sixteen, lighted by a
bow window that throws a considerable additional space into
the room, a kitchen, a pantry and a laundry. ‘The second
floor has three bedrooms, a bath and a dressing-room and
on the third floor there are three bedrooms and a place pro-
vided for a bathroom.

In yet another house—and a particularly attractive one
it is—for $6,700 we find on the first floor a living-room
extending across the whole front, twenty-four and a half
feet by fourteen and a half, a dining-room thirteen and a
half by seventeen, a hall, a pantry, a kitchen and a laundry.
The second floor has four good bedrooms and a bath and
the third floor has a large front bedroom, a hall and a
spacious loft, floored but not plastered.

From what has been said it is plain to be seen that every-
thing has been done to make these houses as complete and
convenient as possible. Indeed, they have many features

May, 1912

to facilitate housekeeping that some larger and more ex-
pensive houses lack. In any of the houses described it
would be perfectly possible for an ordinary sized family
to live quite comfortably without being at all crowded and
yet one or two people with a maid would not feel them too
large or in any way lonesome. Any one of them would
make an ideal establishment for a spinster, bachelor man
or bachelor maid. There would be plenty of room for
china, cats and canaries, and still one would not feel afflicted
with waste space! However, whether the occupants of
these houses be married folk with spouses and children or
whether they be not and, like Queen Elizabeth, elect to live
their lives in single rather than in double blessedness, one
thing is certain: Such houses as those shown in the group
here illustrated are so adaptable that people are bound to
find them livable, they are so pleasingly devised from the
architect’s point of view that they are sure to be interesting,
they so admirably fill an urgent want that they must needs
be appreciated by all who are conversant with present-day
conditions of home making, and they are an adornment
to any ial however remote from where these stand.

RAISING DUCKS ON THE SMALL PLACE.
gaged pee eee ea

STOOIERS

have a little ine Te must not ie: overlooked.

It is not necessary to use incubators and brooders. ‘They
are convenient, but either or both may be dispensed with.
They are of more value when a lot of young Pekins are to
be hatched out and quickly fattened than when breeding
ducks or ducks to be raised for egg laying are desired. It
may be said, parenthetically, that a number of women and
many men are making a tidy bit of money each season by
hatching out a few scores or hundreds of Pekin ducks and
sending them to market in April and May. Only a little
ground and a small investment are needed and the birds
may be sent to market alive, if the untidy job of killing and
dressing them is not relished. A half-dozen of the strongest
and earliest of the ducklings may be selected for the next
season’s breeders, and the old breeders sold. It is not well
to keep breeders more than two years, as the older they are,
the later in the season the ducks begin to lay. It will be
seen that as soon as the ducklings are disposed of, in the
Spring, there remain only a few breeders to be cared for
until the next season. A little venture in ducks along this line
is often quite worth while, especially when one lives in the
country or has a good-sized suburban lot.

But to return to the ducklings. When they are hatched by
natural means, it is well to use large, motherly hens, which
are able to cover nine or ten eggs with ease. The ducklings
will not need to remain with the hen as long as chickens
would, and as soon as they are ready to look out for them-
selves may be placed in little houses in flocks of twenty-five
or more. Boxes similar to the one described for laying
ducks, except longer, may be used, but should have slatted
doors to keep the young birds confined when the weather is
stormy and yet give them plenty of ventilation.

The question, ‘“What shall I feed?” usually comes up
early. As it happens, there are no hard and fast rules for
feeding. On the whole, simple rations are as satisfactory
as the complicated ones sometimes formulated. Equal parts
of rolled oats and bread crumbs with five per cent of coarse
sand may be fed the first week. The addition of a few
hard boiled eggs will help to make the mash nutritious. The
sand is very necessary, and oatmeal or rolled oats are among
the best of feeds for ducks of all ages. Milk or warm water
may be used to make the mash.

After the first week, one third wheat bran and one third
cornmeal, with five per cent of beef scraps and ten per cent

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

green food in the shape of chopped rye, clover or green corn
stalks should be given. The green food need not be mixed
with the mash unless desired and the exact quantity does
not matter. [he mash should be given four times a day for
the first two weeks, and after that three times. Care must
be taken that the weaker birds get enough; it is often neces-
sary to go the rounds a second time and dole out a little
more for them. Grit should be placed in boxes where the
young birds can have free access to it. And all feeding
and water receptacles must be kept clean. Ducks are not
over-neat in their habits.

When the ducklings are to be marketed the proportion of
cornmeal should be gradually increased until it is much the
larger at the end. Let me say, however, that for your own
private table you will do just as well not to fatten the ducks
too fast. The birds that run around more and are not
forced with fattening food are really better to eat. As a
matter of fact, the flesh of the Indian Runner or that of the
Rouen is as good as Pekin duck meat; the latter wins in the
market on the score of appearance.

The conclusion of the whole subject lies in the statement
that Indian Runner ducks may be grown with profit for the
eggs which they produce, and will be relished on the owner’s
private table, that Pekins, being pure white, large and
quickly grown, are the favorite and most profitable table
breed, and that the Rouens are all-round ducks which have
many admirers and are largely bred. A little experiment in
duck growing needs small means and may lead to big results.

SOME CHILDREN’S PLATES

By HELEN WARRINGTON

[OA 0 1 0 LN ONO NOOO NOR H E ch 1 ] d 1 S

og always pleased to feel that the

articles on the table for his use are especially
devised for him, and that they are things
apart from the objects used by grown-ups,
notwithstanding his propensity to imitate his
elders and to appropriate to his imitating the
things associated with their grown-up living. The group of
plates illustrated upon this page and the one following were
designed especially for little tots, being decorated with pic-
torial subjects suggested by the most beloved classic of child-
hood, Mother Goose. In each of these plates the reader
will notice that the ornament is placed in the middle of the
plate where it is seen to the best advantage, being set off by
the plain border of the rim. One of these sets of children’s
plates, intended for a very young child, presents the pictorial
decoration in a little more realistic way, unmistakable as to
the story each is intended to remind one of. The ornament
upon the other set is more frankly decorative, but with a
swing and freedom of line which children can fully appre-
ciate. The meanings are all clear; and the affection towards
Pussy or the apprehension of Miss Mufht (with her elab-

HUAUAUIU DUDA
ANON ONTO ONT. ONULO NENT,

= See vasan tee
NOSTOR OS OSA sir ie

A set of children’s nursery saucer-plates

192

Six children’s plates, Mother Goose series

orate finery) are easily recognized by even the youngest
child who has heard the old-time rhymes or has learned to
repeat them.

HOW TO DISPOSE OF TABLE REFUSE

By E.1.F.

ITH one having a small home in the country, the dis-

posal of table refuse and other garbage sometimes
becomes a problem. If thrown on top of the ground it is
sure to attract flies and it cannot be burned in the kitchen
range without creating a disagreeable odor. ‘The best plan
is to bury it in the garden, where it will contribute consider-
able fertilizing material to the soil. The writer used a
pointed stake to which a piece of board about fifteen inches
square is hinged. An excavation is dug and the stake driven
into the ground close beside it, so that when the hinged
board is at right angles to the stake it will cover the hole,
thus keeping out flies and preventing the escape of odors.
When the hole has been nearly filled, earth is thrown upon
the contents, another hole dug and the stake with its attached
cover pulled up and moved to the new location. A cord
from the front of the cover to the top of the stake is an
added convenience, as the board may then be raised with-
out stooping. If the earth has a tendency to cave at the
top of the excavation, four short pieces of board may be
made into a frame to fit over the hole, the cover resting
upon this frame. If one cares to go to the trouble of mak-
ing a compost heap a considerable distance from the house,
the garbage may be thrown upon it and covered with a little
earth, but it is not wasted when disposed of in the garden
in the way I have described, and I know of no plan which is
more easily carried out.

WHEN, THEREGIS NOJIICE

T is often difficult to get ice in the country and almost im-

possible if occupying a camp in the woods. Several plans
for keeping food under such conditions have been devised.
It is quite possible to install an ice machine, and such ma-
chines are found in many expensive country houses, making
the owners independent of a natural ice supply. When an
ice plant is out of the question, a good plan is to make a
dumbwaiter which may be lowered into the cellar, if there
be one, or into a well or even into a hole dug in the ground.
A shaft may be made of concrete or boards, the former
being preferable in case of a permanent arrangement. This
shaft should come three or four feet above the floor and be
fitted with a drum at the top, upon which to wind a rope or
chain attached to the top of the dumbwaiter. A crank is
needed to operate the drum and s0 raise or lower the waiter.
It is possible to have a rope run over a pulley and a weight
attached to act as a balance, although it is really not needed.
There should be a screen door at the top of the shaft for

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

use in ventilation, and it is well to have a screened opening
at the opposite side, too. In camp, a temporary device of
this sort may be quickly rigged by using an old box for the
dumbwaiter. In one camp the dumbwaiter descends into a
cistern built under the house and made to collect the rain-
water from the roof. There is always enough water in
the cistern to keep the food in good condition.

There are iceless refrigerators on the market which will
give excellent satisfaction when ice cannot be obtained. One
kind is built of metal and has five shelves. It is lowered
into the cellar and is operated by a pulley and a crank. An-
other kind is even more convenient and is especially well
suited for use in the permanent country home. Although
it drops into the cellar no crank is required, for it rises
through the floor at the touch of a button. It may be used
in the kitchen or the pantry or even in the dining-room, for
nothing shows above the floor when the elevator has been
lowered. Dumbwaiters of this kind are made in several
patterns, some of them having a small receptacle for ice in
case one is able to secure that commodity and wants a little
for the compartment containing milk and butter. The rest
of the cupboard is designed for use without ice. These ice-
less refrigerators are so made that they can be installed in
any house where there is a cellar, in an old house as well as
a new one, and they save a great many steps when it is neces-
sary to keep food in the cellar. They are not expensive,
but the idea is so simple that a dumbwaiter which will serve
the needs of most families may easily be constructed by any
man who is handy with tools.

CONVENIENT WINDOW DEVICE

HEN old farmhouses are purchased for Summer

homes or for permanent occupancy, the new owners
are frequently annoyed to find that the windows are not
fitted with weights. Asa rule, old-fashioned spring catches
are used, and they are likely to be broken. ‘The purchaser
often determines to install weights, only to find that the
studding is so placed that this cannot be done without much
work and consequent expense.

The remedy lies in adopting spring balemces which will
serve the purpose just as well as weights and which can be
fitted to any window. Weight pockets are not required
and neither sash nor frame needs to be altered. The weight
of the sash is sustained by a coiled steel clock spring at-
tached to the sash with an aluminum tape. ‘The spring is
contained in a small metal case, which is screwed to the
back of the frame and is out of sight. If the frame is not
wide enough to admit a balance at the side, it is screwed to
the top of the frame and works practically as well.

These balances are quickly and easily attached, but there
is one point which must not be overlooked. The sash must
be carefully weighed and a balance ordered which has the
proper degree of strength to sustain it. There is consider-
able variation in the springs in order that any kind of win-
dow may be equipped. ‘Two sets of springs, or four in all,
are required for one window, but it often happens that the
lower sash of a window is the one frequently raised, so that
one set of balances will serve. In some old houses it is
found that no provision was made for lowering the upper
sashes of the windows, anyway.

A NOVEL WAY OF SERVING FRUIT
By MARY H. NORTHEND

HERE are countless ways of serving fruit that add an

interest to the “‘table attractive.” On page 190 is shown
an illustration of a dish of figs and bananas ingeniously ar-
ranged in an appetizing manner. First a number of figs of
the best grade are selected, cut in half and hollowed out to
form little nests, which should be filled with banana “eggs”
made by scooping out pieces of the fruit with a spoon.

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

In beauty of design and finish, Sargent Hardware cannot
be surpassed. No detail is too small to have the careful
attention of expert workmen. Designs are worked out with
minute fidelity. All working parts are carefully fitted.

The wide variety of Sargent designs includes patterns suitable for every
building, whatever its uses and style of architecture. These designs are

derived from authentic sources and are true to the school or period to
which they belong.

When you build or remodel, give your personal attention to selection
of hardware. Specify the use of Sargent Hardware and Locks throughout
—they will add to the beauty and selling value and are an insurance
against dissatisfaction and repair bills.

Write for the Sargent Book of Designs

We shall be glad to mail you a complimentary copy. lilustrates and
descnbes many designs suitable for residences. Our Colonial Book,
illustrating Glass Knobs, &c., is sent also on request.

SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard St., New York.

xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1912

‘ e KNOWING HOW TO SERVE THE
aa 3] | STRAWBERRIES

TL |
Pe SUSueScNaSGaE | TRAW BERRY shortcakes, plain
RAR Beee 2 ee ea } strawberries and cream, and the va-
a GAR cll WE OA BM rious frozen desserts in the form of straw-
a acon ersantgnbeie? a berry sherberts and ice cream, too fre-
elit tte sunt eu ier houseness knowledge
of this delicious berry; because it 1s not
SeHETON:. aj | considered suitable for pies and _ pud-
am oq ew aq A | dings in which the fruit is usually cooked.
In reality one who really knows how to
serve the strawberry, has a_ seemingly
endless list of desserts at hand; only a
few of which need be given to suggest
others equally pleasing. It is true that
the boiled puddings and dumplings and
the usual form of pies and pastry, in
which the fruit is cooked, are not so
appropriate for the strawberries as for
the majority of small fruits and berries;
x my | but the many desserts in which the ber-
Clinton Wire Lath 18 ee | | ries may be used fresh, leave little to be
= A.| desired. For the jams, jellies and pre-
|| serves, the same rules are followed for
the strawberries as for the other berries
and the cherries; and with the exception
of the famous southern boiled pudding,

===“ 22 See eee Re
r 7 re 3 se eas
3 =" 2g

Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth there are few puddings in which this
even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the | early summer berry may not be deli-
plaster eliminates all danger of cracking. HX! | ciously served.

In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its ie PLAIN STRAWBERRY PUDDING.
durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away. Le One of the simplest of quick desserts

Bf} | is prepared by making a cornstarch pud-
ding, using the yolks of two eggs, and re-
serving the whites. Bring a pint of milk
to a boil, and stir into it two tablespoon-
fuls of cornstarch mixed smooth and free
from lumps in a little cold milk. Let it
boil gently until thick and smooth, stir-
ring in half a cup of sugar and flavoring
with vanilla. Turn the cornstarch out
into a bowl to harden, and when it is cold
and firm, turn it into a glass dish for serv-
ing; cover the pudding with fine ripe
strawberries, covered with powdered
sugar, and over the whole spread a mer-
ingue made with the whites of the eggs
whipped stiff with three tablespoonfuls
of powdered sugar.

STRAWBERRY CREAM AND JUNKET

Warm a quart of milk on the back of
the range, dissolve one rennet tablet and
add to the warm milk, with a tablespoon-
ful of powdered sugar, and a tablespoon-
ful of lemon juice. Pour the junket, while
thin, into sherbet glasses, filling them
about half full and set in the ice box.
When ready to serve, heap fine ripe
strawberries on the junket, sweeten well,
and cover the berries with whipped cream.

STRAWBERRY PIES

It is difficult to obtain good results by
cooking strawberries in pie between up-
per and lower crusts, as for other berries.
Nevertheless, strawberry pies are excel-
lent when properly made. The favorite
is the meringue pie. Beat the whites of

TOGNARELLI & VOIGT CO. two eggs to a stiff snow, beat in two cups

é G of powdered sugar, one teaspoonful of
2302 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pa. lemon juice, and sufficient strawberry

juice to color a delicate pink. Line a
deep pie plate with puff paste, prick the
paste well to keep it from blistering, and
bake to a delicate brown. When cold,
fill the pastry-lined pie plate with fresh
strawberries well sweetened and cover
with the meringue.

To make a strawberry custard pie, pre-
pare and bake the puff paste in the same
manner and bake a creamy custard in a
separate dish. Fill the pie plate with
strawberries when the pastry is cold, and
pour the crstard over the berries while
still warm from the oven, and serve when
cold and firm. Ora rich custard pie may
be made in the usual manner, pouring the
custard over the bottom crust before bak-

”, |
Ry,

i, @
} a
H |
¢ |

: | Ri
frome 4

W rite for descriptive matter

Scania Paus desea eg ad ae -
———4
EEE IS a i 3 eae an
| 7 Gl ad ie EEE PPE za | ]
| Saecome a EECCLeCC eee SREGOE Gees al ‘ial

BENCHES

mon When properly placed produce the desired
® artistic effect to the garden or lawn.

ae ad We supply them hand carved and made
a

of marble, Indiana limestone or our regular
catalogued goods, made of composition
stone. Catalogue on request.

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND

i2mo. :: Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid

A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of

diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in
boys the creative spirit. @ Complete practical instructions are given
for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of mis-
cellaneous devices, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc.

: MUNN & COs Inc., SS CIEE URC GAINES! 361 Broadway, New York

May, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ing. When the pie is taken from the
oven, and before the custard has “set,”
sprinkle small ripe strawberries over the
custard, cover with powdered sugar and
serve when cold.
STRAWBERRY SHORT CAKE

The old-fashioned strawberry short
cake was made of pastry—rich, flaky puff
pastry—baked in square tins. To-day the
favorite is the sweet cake, baked in layer
cake tins. Both are delicious, and may
be used alternately to provide variety
during the short but fascinating “straw-
berry-shortcake season.” | Whether the
pastry or the sweet cake is used, pack the
ripe juicy berries closely between the lay-
ers and on top. Have “double cream”
beaten stiff, coat the sweetened berries
generously with the cream, and cover
with powdered sugar. For a change, a
white of egg meringue may be used for
the sweet cake—reserving the whites of
two eggs used in making the cake, and
the whipped cream will be appropriate
for the pastry cake, in which no eggs are
used.

STRAWBERRY SHRUB

This is appetizing for immediate use,
and may also be bottled to enjoy after
the strawberry season is over. Pour
three quarts of the best cider vinegar over
nine quarts of very ripe strawberries.
Let it stand twenty-four hours, then bring
to a boil and strain. To every quart of
juice add two pounds of granulated sugar.
Boil together for five minutes. strain
again, placing immediately into the jars
or bottles in which it is to be sealed or
corked while hot. Two tablespoonfuls
of this “shrub” in a glass of ice water
will form a delicious drink.

STRAWBERRY BASKETS

An attractive as well as unique dessert
may be made with little trouble in the
form of strawberry baskets—the baskets
being formed of lady fingers and filled
with berries and cream. Half a dozen
small flaring bowls are always good to
have on hand for making individual des-
serts. They are especially requisite for
“basket desserts.” Break lady fingers in
half and fit snugly on the bottom of each
bowl; then arrange closely around the
sides of the bowl either half or whole lady
fingers, according to the depth of basket
required. On opposite sides of the bowl
use a whole lady finger, or a double one
if necessary to form the basket handle;
with a single lady finger laid across from
tip to tip to complete the handle. Pre-
pare a rich, firm gelatine; following the
directions on the package; and just before
it is cool enough to harden, pour it into
the baskets, binding all the lady fingers
together, and keeping them shapely.
When cool and firm, pile big juicy straw-
berries on the gelatine, heaping the bas-
kets full, and dot the top with whipped
cream. When carefully slipped from the
bowls—after standing in the icebox until
cold and firm—and served on flat glass
dishes, the strawberry baskets will be as
attractive in appearance as they are de-
licious to the taste.

STRAWBERRY SANDWICHES AND “TRIFLES.”

With a big freezer full of home-made
strawberry ice cream, many dainty
“trifles” may be quickly prepared for;
porch teas, lawn luncheons and desserts..
Strawberry sandwiches are made by plac-
ing a layer of the mashed berries and a

layer of the ice cream between flat sweet,

biscuits. A log cabin “trifle” is made by’
arranging lady fingers or thin strips of
cake, log-cabin fashion, filling the center
with the cream. “Nests” of sponge cake
filled with cream give variety,

‘““Come into the Shade’’

“THERE is no reason why the sun should trouble you even during the

hottest part of the day. Let Vudor Porch Shades keep your porch shady
and breezy all the time. Then you will always have plenty of light for reading,
writing or sewing. You can receive your guests, have luncheon, play cards.
With Vudors you can even use the porch as a sleeping room—a considerable

advantage on hot nights.

You will enjoy the summer more than ever
if you equip your porch with Vudor Porch
Shades. Though shutting out the rays of the
sun, they always allow light and air; though
concealing the porch from the gaze of out-
siders, they do not shut off your view of the
outside world.

Why not equip your porch with Vudor
Porch Shades this summer and make it a
living room? In buying do not be content
with any imitation. Look for the Vxdor
name-plate on every shade—it is your
guarantee of durability.

Instead of slender, delicate slats, easily
broken, the slats of dor Porch Shades are
seven-eighths of an inch wideand of toughest
wood. The bindingis of strong seine twine,
woven in the “lock stitch.” It never breaks.

HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION, Janesville, Wisconsin

We are the sole manufacturers of Vudor Re-enforced Hammocks, which
bed and with double
Thev cost no more and wear twice as long as

are woven with a heavy re enforcement in the
Strength and cording.
other hammocks that look l1ke them.

’ f° ALL
wet Pumps xinds

‘ AY CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

Write for Circulars and Prices

F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

at
eS

One side is an unsightly drying yard—the other an at-
tractive, well-keptlawn—no posts—no poles. As soon as
the washing is out of the way the dryer can be easily
and quickly removed. Other dryers are made in one

HILI’S CLOTHES DRYER

is in two light parts and a moment's work removes it from
the yard with no tax upon thestrength. It is set up with
equal ease and all danger of accident to your clothes pre-
vented by the patent device which locks the reel in place.

< Hill Dryer When Folded >

Sold by leading dealers everywhere. If they cannot
supply you we will. Send for illustrated Folder No. 9
and your dealer's name.

| HILL DRYER CO.,

309 Park Avenue
Worcester, Mass.

The colors of Vudor Porch Shades are
stained into the wood, not painted, and the
rainiest weather can notfadethem. Putup
with screwdriver. Cost from $2.50 upwards,
according to width; made in various colors
to harmonize with the surroundings.
Any ordinary porch can be equipped
at a cost of from $3.50 to $10.

Write for Handsome Book
FREE

Just published ©
—beautifully illustrated in colors; < “yy
well worth readiag and will” s&s
amply repay your trouble (e) a so
sending for it. It shows % So oF
how to make your porch a ws Noe
ccol, comfor‘able og OY
and cozy. Use ra SS
coupon to-day. \ os SN

& 8 SK 3
oy B7G° Pe
»” 2 rom oe
oe oS aor 2
er eF es &
Oy we »

66 C 9?
Bungalows and Other Things
a mr ) A new book for home
: | builders. The finest

' and most complete book

on the market. Con-
’ tains photographs and
floor plans of some of
the most beautiful

and practical

bungalows of

~ reasonable cost

ever designed. A Type of home entirely different and very
desirable. Adapted to any climate. very house was built for
a home and was designed by the Author of this book, who is a
practical architect. “Chis means that information contained there-
in is accurate. It shows all extras and prices of homes complete.

Price $1.00. If not satisfied will return money.

BURD F. MILLER CO., 19 Brandeis St., Omaha, Neb.

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure

water. Paddock Water Filters are placed at the

inlet and

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY
309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
In New York City

PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

XVIil

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

HAL

AAU

AAA

a beh Cc
URAL GUANG

Soe ILLS

Sheep’s Head Brand

PULVERIZED

Sheep Manure

Nature’s Own Plant Food. Ideal for all crops ;
especially adapted for lawns, golf courses and
estates. Growers of nursery stock, small fruits,
hedges and gardeners generally will find Sheep's
Head Brand the best fertilizer. Contains large
percentage of Humus and all fertilizing substances
necessary to promote Plant life. Tests place it
far ahead of chemical or other fertilizers. Readily
applied to the soil. Let us quote you prices.

Send for our book, “ Fertile Facts”
Tells how to fertilize the soil so that productive crops may be
raised. Special matter for lawn and market gardeners, Florists,
Nurserymen and Farmers. Sent FREE if you mention

agazine.

NATURAL GUANO COMPANY
Dept. 10 , 301 Montgomery Avenue, Aurora, Ill.

@ e
Quitting
HIS looks like a dangerous way to quit work, but the man
who must travel the streets of a city in going to and from
his work is in more actual danger than this man _ be-

cause most accidents are caused by the carelessness of others.
This man’s safety depends upon himself, the chain and the en-

iiniiiiiniininiiiiiiiiiIIm (ccc ccc CMTC We

Fountain in the Gardenof Mr. J.B.VanVorst, Hackensack, N.J.

OU can enhance the charm and beauty of your garden by the f
addition of an artistic fountain, reproduced from an Old World §

masterpiece or modeled from an original design.

We make them large or small to meet all requirements. Our §

profusely illustrated catalogue shows them in wide variety, likewise
enches, vases, boxes, sundials, mantels and hall furniture. Sen
for it to- "day.

The ERKINS STUDIO: of Ornamental Stones

230 Lexington Ave., New York; Factory, Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents—Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

DOO i

Work

gineer, but the safety of the man on the street depends upon a
thousand and one circumstances over which he has no control.
For every man the only sensible thing is an accident insurance
policy protecting himself in case of injury and protecting his

family in case of death. There are no other accident policies
equal to those issued by the TRAVELERS.

Insure in the TRAVELERS

MORAL:

The Travelers Insurance Company

HARTFORD, CONN.

Please send me particulars regarding ACCIDENT INSURANCE,

Occupation

Business Address

The Largest Manufacturers

ATT

OLD WOODWORK
HOMES

By EDWARD M. THURSTON

RCHITECTS and builders, a cen-

tury or more ago, placed the greatest
importance upon various minor details
which are overlooked or ignored by most
modern architects and the arch-enemy.
the speculative builder, with whom thev
are very often in league, Perhaps the
very vastness of present-day building op-
erations and the amazing rapidity with
which apartment-houses are erected, or
with which a tract of suburban land is
“plotted” and covered with cottages fe>
sale or rent, precludes the careful plan-
ning and designing of such structural ac-
cessories as mantels, door and window-
frames, stair balusters and newels, and
transoms over doors.

The study of detail in connection with
these smaller particulars of architecture
is just the point wherein the builders of
a former period excelled and the wood-
work of almost any very old building
shows the care and thought which were
devoted to what many modern architects
are willing should take care of itself.
This is particularly true of the old resi-
dences at Salem, Deerfield, Annapolis
and elsewhere, for while much of this
woodwork was produced by carpenters or
shipbuilders, who, it would seem, had
very little architectural training, their
careful study of the designing of Wren,
Gibbon and the Adam brothers produced
results of surprising excellence. The
older cities and towns of America yet
contain much of their work, notwith-
standing the continual pulling down and
building up which is one of the charac-
teristics of this restless and progressive
age. Vast quantities of old work have
been destroyed, however, before the con-
stant march of improvement, and with
the removal of old buildings often comes
an opportunity for the discriminating
architect or decorator, or for the home-
builder, to secure for almost nothing
woodwork which may be and frequently
is built into new homes elsewhere. In
every large city there are second-hand
lumber yards into which is carted mate-
rial from old buildings. The brick is
cleaned or stripped of mortar and sold
‘for the filling in of new outer walls or
for the building of thin interior parti-
tions which must be of fireproof mate-
rial. The flooring and heavier timbers
are often used again, and much of the
interior woodwork is in such condition
that it is merely refinished and placed in
new buildings.

A visit to one of these old junk yards
might be of interest to the man or woman
who is building a new home or remodel-
ing one already built, or to any one who
has the “collector’s instinct,’ which is
apt to lead him into the most unpromis-
ing fields. One of these lumber yards is
in a dreary part of lower New York, not
far from the East River. Here has been
brought much débris from old houses
which have been dismantled, and strewn
around may be found a bewildering as-
sortment of old mantels of wood or mar-
ble beautifully carved, whole entrance
doorways with carefully designed col-
umns and pilasters, fanlights or side
panels of leaded glass, and even the iron
rails and wrought-iron newels which
were often placed at the entrances to
New York houses a century ago. Here,
too, may be found an endless variety of
interior woodwork, door and window
trim faultlessly carved, heavy paneled

IN MODERN

May, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix

doors of old mahogany, the tall fluted
columns with Ionic or Corinthian capi-
tals which were often placed between
drawing-rooms, and corner cupboards
which must have come from very old
houses of the Dutch period. With this
assortment of woodwork is a wonderful
variety of old gas fixtures, sidelights and
chandeliers, hung with cutglass | prisms,
wrought iron hinges, doorknobs of brass,
glass or even of silver, all amid the chaos
and confusion of a second-hand lumber
yard. \Vhat stories these old objects
might tell had they the power of speech!

In many parts of lower New York are
old houses which have not as yet been
dismantled, but which are already
doomed for speedy destruction to make
way for structures of another nature.
Not far from Madison Square there is a
plain, old-fashioned brick residence whose
dingy, unadorned exterior gives no hint
of the beauty of the woodwork within,
5ut beyond the entrance door is some of
the most carefully studied work ever

placed in a New York house, and a man Q \ , THEN YOU plan pure white

who knows and values its beauty is wait- g le Me a
ing and watching for the day when the ermects, ask your architect or deco-

Se eons evaica by che wiecks |) ME rator to use Vitralite, It will cover any

ers and its mantels and doorways carted Bete

away to the junk yard near the East| [Mey surface —wood, plaster or metal, inside or
River. Another old home, in lower Sec- outside—with a smooth, porcelain-like finish, unbroken by brush mark

ond Avenue, is also destined for removal,
to give way to a manufacturing building.
This particular house was for many years
the home of a very prominent family and
was built during the days of the last cen-
tury when Second Avenue was a center
af fashion. Interior finishings of par-

or streaks. And it will be permanent, for Vitralite will not turn yellow,

crack nor chip. It gives a hard, smooth, intense white finish in a rich
gloss; or can be rubbed to a dull finish if desired. Vitralite is ideal for
bathroom or kitchen because it’s water-proof. May be washed indefinitely.

Send for Free Vitralite Booklet and Panel

ticular interest are here, for most of the | | finished with Vitralite. Judge for yourself. Ask for our other free booklet,
rooms are fitted with mantels, many “Decorative Interior Finishing,” and use it when planning decorations.

> “cc S. ”
oo a ae eeu Pavers, a In deciding on floor finishing, remember for Free Sample Panel finished with ‘‘61”’
paaee: SEG marble carved in that ‘‘61°’ Floor Varnish has the floor-wear —prove it with hammer or heel. “The
the very simple, graceful manner of the quality no other floor finish possesses. It’s Finished Floor” booklet tells how to

“American Empire” period. heel-proof, mar-proof, water-proof. Send finish and care for floors. Write for it.
To the south, east and west of Wash-

= If your dealer doesn’t carry “P & L” procuctss
ington Square, in New York, are many write us at 119 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N.Y.; in
old houses which were once the homes ; Canada, 63 Courtwright Street, Bridgeburg, Ontario.
of fashion, which has long ago migrated fe
into other quarters. These old houses
are in all stages of dilapidation, and many
of them have become “sweat shops” or aa
the factories of dealers in feathers or ar-
tificial flowers. In some of them, how- :
ever, there are still old mantels and wood- PRATT E LAMBERT VARNISHES & LAMBERT VARNISHES

AMERICAN FACTORIES FoREIGN Factories
work which have managed to remain in We ceca SSUES OLUES e
place during all the changes and vicissi-
tudes which have come to the localities
where they are placed, and these old
treasures are sometimes discovered in
most unexpected ways. Not long ago a
woman who is a worker for one of the
organized charities visited a certain fac-
tory to investigate conditions of which
complaint had been made. The work-
rooms occupied an old city residence not
far from Bleecker Street, and she entered
the building through a wide doorway
where old iron “floriated” newels were
still in place and where a fanlight and
side panels of leaded glass stili lighted
a deep wainscoted vestibule within.
The drawing-rooms had been made into °
a small ene. where scores of Italian SAVES eae and ee ki
children were making artificial flowers —— AS oes ral ee
and leaves, and framing in the pictures | [J i. paeeioae pa ace pa up tee oots leaiang
were old mantels of delicately carved peat erred ap vine
Carrara marble, window and door frames “EASY EMPTYING”
of exquisitely graceful design and tall, pee eee Rese
fluted white columns and pilasters which your lawn will be smooth and velvet
divided the two long rooms.

————oooeoeoo—<=

Made to order —to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

“You select the color—we’ll make
the rug.” Any width—seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone—soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, ‘individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel’s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

Simmons Hose Reels

Save time and money.
Besides, its spiral wind
protects life of hose
indefinitely. Also neat
and compact, with eff-
cient lawn - sprinkler
combined.

Each, - $4.00 net

Garden Hose

that stands the test of
time. None but pure
rubber and best fabric
used in its construc-
tion. Buy direct
and save un-
necessary
profits.

your lawn will be smooth and velvety (
and no raking necessary.
Put on and off in a second—duiable

But many of these old fittings are res- Hele aN dee et Price, including Nozzle and Coup-
cued from junk yards or from buildings Things for the Lawn. "Tt fully describes lin s,com lete 10 cents per foot net
hich h 11 the ‘‘Detachable’’ Hose Reel, the ‘Easy gs, Pp D :
which have fallen into decay, and rather Erapiving ial Grant Carchete tore lace JOHN SIMMONS CO
recently one fine old entrance doorway ) pe MAGE eel Geile of other mighty °
ua articles i
with all its appointments was removed THE SPECIALTY MFG. CO. 104-110 Centre Street New York City

from an old house not far from Chatham 1046 Raymond Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota

xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

——

Ve BAY STATE ct:
'Y. §, pAT:

Your Concrete and
Stucco Construction

Needs My Coating

My Bay State Brick and
Cement Coating is backed
by twelve years of practical
experience in making a ce-
ment coating. It has been
tried under all sorts of con-
ditions and met all require-
ments.

Years before anyone else had
put a coating on the market
Bay State Brick and Cement
Coating was an established
success. It had been used
on large and small houses,
factory walls and_ factory
floors, on the vats and damp
rooms of textile mills and
breweries. It is the only
coating that I know of that
wont burn when subjected
to heat. It has a flat finish,
doesn’t destroy the texture of
concrete and saves it from
cracking from moisture.

Just write me for our Booklet No. 3.

Give our salesman a good hearing
when he calls. He’s got the goods.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

Incorporated

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

“Rds LOCKER
y “ea The Only Modern, Sanitary
. | STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and_ out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door.. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood
Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
aud vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom
Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

The rg Soe Spal HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE

Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-
venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's
upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models,

THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind. _

Square and built into a beautiful Geor-
gian residence not far from upper Fifth
Avenue, where its grace of line
and fine workmanship are in_ thor-
ough accord with its new surroundings.
A great architect who planned and built
many of the most costly residences in
and around New York used great quan-
tities of building material which he se-
lected from the old lumber yards of Bos-
ton, Philadelphia and New York, on ac-
count of the great beauty and accurate
proportions of its designs. Many of the
sumptuous city residences which he so
cleverly planned and decorated are
adorned with pilasters and columns re-
moved from dilapidated old houses and
refinished, colored and gilded to fit into
his highly decorative interiors. One
particularly beautiful country house
which he built is fitted with old wood-
work in the form of mantels and _ solid
mahogany doors, and an old entrance
doorway of most beautiful design, with
a fanlight of leaded glass, opens from a
studio upon a broad walk of brick which
leads among the old-fashioned flower
beds of a formal garden.

Another interesting use of old wood-
work is in a room in the home of a New
York physician. The mantel and win-
dow frames are of very simple patterns
and wainscoting has been made of old
paneled shutters such as were used in
very early days when New Amsterdam
was still a copy, more or less faithful, of
an older Amsterdam beyond the sea.
This ancient woodwork is painted a very
deep cream, walls are of buff and much
old white and blue Delft is used in tiles
about the fireplace, tobacco jars upon
the mantel shelf and in numerous old
plates, platters and other dishes which
fill various corner cupboards.

One of the most interesting structures
at one of our great expositions was a
State building which was a reproduction
of an old home of some historic interest
in a city of that State. As the original
building had recently been dismantled, it
was possible to use most of the fine
woodwork in this copy, and the old
Colonial mantels and trimmings of win-
dows and doors had been refinished and
placed in what was practically their old
setting, where they had the advantage
of being surrounded by furniture and
household decorations of the same era, all
arranged with infinite taste and care. It
is said that after the close of the exposi-
tion all of this old woodwork was pur-
chased by an architect and placed once
more in a new residence, where, let us
hope, it may remain forever.

The older cities and towns are full of
this early American work, and as in even
the most conservative places the old must
give way to the new, opportunities for
acquiring such treasures are often pre-
sented to the home-builder who is ob-
serving as well as discriminating. Much
of this old work, of course, is not worth
preserving, for then, as now, designing
was of varying degrees of excellence, but
many of the craftsmen of that day were
skillful designers as well as clever work-
men.

GRASSHOPPERS AS FERTILIZER

BUENOS AIRES company is about

to install unique machinery in its fac-
tory for producing fertilizing materials.
The machinery is devised for the purpose of
utilizing grasshoppers and their eggs, that
destroy crops themselves, as fertilizing ma-
terial.

May, 1912

THEP Sewage

HLEY

YSIEM
wy

ma Without Sewers

Disposal

FOR COUNTRY HOMES

Health and self-respect demand that dangerous, repul-
sive cesspools, etc., must go. The Ashley System will
provide scientific and safe sewage disposal at moderate
cost. Write for illustrated Manual on Sewage Purifica-
tion and Disposal for Country Homes.

We also provide Sewage Disposal for Institutions,
Schools, etc.

Ashley House-Sewage Disposal Co.
115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, IIl.

For a Most Beautiful Lawn

Sow KALAKA. It is specially selected, specially tested grass
seed, and pulverized manure—the ideal combination to grow
quick, hardy, lastin nF turf. For seeding new lawnsor putting
new life into the old lawn nothing equals

Packed in 5 pound boxes at 61.00 per box, express paid east,
or 61,25 west of Omaha. Write and ask for prices ons ecial
mixtures for special locations and purposes, Order today
and have the best seed money can buy. Get ourfreelawn book.

THE KALAKA CO., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

American Homes &
Gardens & &® ®& and
Scientific American
sent to one address

for one tor one year.
REGULARLY $6

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds. Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

aio, parte freight prepaid
ae of Missouri River—Cash
order. Write for in-
eresting Sein wis quantity prices.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

IZA
Mara Ned

WAGON LOADS
STABLE.

MANURE

Landscape Gardening

250-page Catalogue Free

Prof. Craig Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

Give Your Boy a Start

Train him for Life’s Battle. Make him healthy, strong,
durable and Self-reliant. Give him something to absor
his time and attentionathome. Makehima present ofa

Medart Private Playground Outfit

f
It is for boys and girls. It keeps, them off the streets and

away from evil associates. his outfit, ranging in price
from $25.00 to $100.00, contains the best that our ex-
perience has dictated. Do not pass judgment now, but
send for our Catalog Y, which fully illustrates and ex-

plains the MEDART SYSTEM. SEND TO-DAY.

FRED MEDART MANUFACTURING CO.
3529 DeKalb Street, St. Louis, Mo.

May, 1912

DURABILITY OF WOOD CUT IN
SPRING AND SUMMER

IMBER cut in Spring and in Summer

is not so desirable as that cut in Win-
ter, when the life processes of trees are
less active. Scientific investigations sus-
tain this statement. The durability de-
pends not only upon the greater or less
density, but also upon the presence of cer-
tain chemical constituents in the wood.
Thus a large proportion of resinous mat-
ter increases the durability, while the
presence of easily soluble carbohydrates
diminishes it considerably. During the
growing season the wood of trees con-
tains sulphuric acid and potassium, both
of which are solvents of carbohydrates,
starch, resins and gums; they are known
to soften also the ligneous tissue to a con-
sirable degree. During the Summer
months the wood of living trees contains
eight times as much sulphuric acid and
five times as much potassium as it does
during the Winter months. The presence
of these two chemical substances during
the growing season constitutes the chief
factor in dissolving the natural preserva:
tives within the wood and in preparing the
wood for the different kinds of wood-de-
stroying fungi, such as Polyporus and
Agaricus. The fungi can thus penetrate
more quickly and easily into the interior
of the wood when these wood gums are

already partly dissolved and available for.

their own immediate use. From this stand-
point it seems that the best time to cut
down the tree is in the Winter when sul-
phuric acid and potassium are present to
a much smaller degree, and the fungi will
not be assisted in dissolving the natural pre-
servatives in the wood.
wood gum is always less and more easily
soluble in sapwood than in heartwood, and
for this reason the former is usually re-
garded worthless for industrial purposes.

CURIOSITIES IN NEEDLES

EEDLES are articles of such common

use and of such small dimensions that
one hardly expects to find them present
any features of artistic or personal in-
terest. Yet there are one or two instances
of this kind on record. Queen Victoria
possessed a needle, the stem of which was
covered with beautiful designs representing
incidents in the life of her late majesty. So
small and intricate was the pattern that it
could be seen only by the aid of a magnify-
ing glass. Moreover, the needle was hollow
and within it was placed another still
smaller needle.

The German Emperor, William I., grand-
father of the present occupant of the
throne, also possessed a very remarkable
needle. The story of the circumstances is
as follows: In 1883 the Emperor visited a
large needle factory in Kreuznach, and one
of the workmen, whose task it was to bore
the eye of the needles, requested the Em-
peror to give him one of his white hairs.
The Kaiser complied with the request in
some astonishment, and was still more sur-
prised when he saw the deft workman bore
a hole through the hair, draw a fine thread
through the eye, and hand the threaded
needle back to the venerable monarch, who
kept it as one of the most interesting sou-
venirs of his long and varied life.

AN INGENIOUS CLOCKMAKER

COBBLER of Strassburg, Germany,

has recently finished a clock made en-
tirely of straws. Even the works are made
of straw. It has taken him nearly fifteen
years to complete this odd timing device.

The amount of

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

GO SS OG NG RUE SSE

———y

The furnishings shown in this beautiful summer scene are
all of Rustic Hickory. While particularly attractive Rustic Hickory
Furniture is also the most comfortable and durable. The frame
work is of selected hickory saplings—no paint or varnish—simply
made smooth to bring out the delicate shadings of the natural bark.

The seats and backs are of hand woven strips of flexible
inner hickory bark, thus insuring greatest strength and comfort.

Rustic Hickory is the ideal Furniture for Summer Homes,

Country Clubs, Bungalows, Cottages, Porches, Lawns, Studios and
all places where comfort combined with simplicity is desired.
Made in over one hundred styles of Chairs, Rockers, Setteet,
Tables, Swings, Couches, Tabourets, Lawn Seats, Sideboards,
Rustic Benches, Hanging Baskets, Lawn Vases, Window Boxet,
Pergolas, Summer Houses, Fences, and a variety of other pieces.
So reasonable in price most anyone can afford it. If your
dealer cannot supply you write to us. Catalogue mailed free.

RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE CO., 103STATE STREET, LA PORTE, INDIANA

A Poultry House
for 12 laying Hens
Complete with Nests, Fountain, Feed

Hopper, Yard, etc. _ € most up-
to-date accommodations and _ wi

give the best gesults, Price, $20.00.

These Pictures Tell a Story
Which Vitally Affects Your Trees

c “THESE big trees, through neglect, were so

é — rotted a man could stand in the hollow core,
\ yet little evidence of the rot showed on the outside.

They were cleaned out, cemented, and now are good for many
years to come.

Are you going to lose a magnificent elm or maple through lack
of such care?

Why not make your orchard trees, too, a source of profit rather
than an eyesore >

Have us look your trees over, whether it be a dozen or a
hundred, and tell you what they need and the cost of putting
them in shape. This service will not cost you a cent.

Let us get to work now so your trees will be a source of enjoy-
ment to you this summer.

All our work is guaranteed and we inspect the work every

six months without expense to you.

Send for our Representative or for our

Free Book—‘ Making Good” in Trees
Explains the care your trees need, how we work, and what
we have done for others and can do for you.

APPLETON & SEWALL CO., Inc.

Foresters and Surveyors
162 Fifth Avenue
New York

HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES
COTTAGES - GARAGES - POULTRY HOUSES
BETTER and handsomer than your carpenter will build and

at much less cost and bother. Sections fit together exactly.

Easily erected, yet as durable and rigid as a permanent building.

We make PORTABLE buildings for every purpose—Cottages, Sun
Parlors, Garages, Poultry Houses, Children’s Play Houses, Gardener's
Tool Houses, Schoolhouses, Churches, Stores, etc.

Write us to-day for catalog H.
E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

Xxii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The Tale of

“Old Hickory”

For ages the trees were man’s shelter and
abode. He lived in them. ‘They were a part
of his being.

But in the van of civilization, the trees dis-
appeared. Cabins, then houses, finally cities
sprung up, where once the forest swayed.
Civilization did its work. The poetry of the
wilderness was gone.

But—the desire of man to live in Nature did
not go. The rough bark of trees, the blue
skies, still hold their appeal.

So he went back into the wilderness, and
there fashioned for himself a seat from the
rough barked trees therein.

It served so well, that he brought this work
of his hands, with other pieces of like craft-
manship and beauty to match, back to the
city.

This is the tale of “Old Hickory.” It is our
answer to this call of the wild.

Old Hickory comes in a variety of shapes;
but it maintains, at all times, its simple and
primitive appeal. Made of bark, interlaced
artistically, and reinforced with the strong
limbs of The Hickory, it is strong and durable.
No porch produces real satisfaction without
it; any summer garden which does not boast
its Old Hickory is a mockery. When you tire
of the noise and confusion of the town fall
into a chair of Old Hickory and revel in
visions of the woods. Old Hickory is ‘the
link which binds us to the poetry of yesterday.

Our catalogue (which is free) illus-
trates our line of “Old Hickory”
complete, for your inspection. Won't
you send for one today?

ai
: rd : drew Jack
=i Sr a ats ir 32. Price $a4ee
faeces /
Sh cae arsg

Table 199.Price $922

A few popular pieces of
Old Hickory Furniture.
i

Andrew Jackson . ¢
Rocker 33. Price $4.25

The Old Hickory 4
Chair Co. Vie »

424 South Cherry St. [AM cy)

~ FRADE

Trade Mark
burned in

ws." J Martinsville, Indiana

STANDING SEA
ool felt ROOF
IRONS

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
AWN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

, e308 er) aw

OrpHeus: A General History of Re-
ligions. By Dr. Salomon. Reinach. New
York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Cloth,
8vo.; 4389 pp. Price, $3.00 net.

This volume is a history of the im-
portant religions of the world. The author,
one of the most famous of modern French
savants, sees in religions the infinite curi-
ous products of man’s imagination and of
man’s reason in its infancy; it is as such
that they claim his attention. He believes
that in religion as in other domains secular
reason must exercise its rights. The author
has tried not to wound any conscience, but
he has said what he believes to be the
truth with an emphasis proper to the truth
from his point of view. As the work of a
true scholar Dr. Reinach’s volume is free
from any suggestion of sensationalism, and
the translator, Florence Simmonds, has
rendered it from the French with great
care and clearness. The title of this book
was suggested by the fact that as well as
being the “first singer” of Hellas, Orpheus
was also, to the ancients, the theologian ‘par
excellence, founder of those mysteries
which ensured the salvation of mankind,
and no less essential to it as interpreter of
the gods.

THe Post Impressionists. By C. Lewis
Hind. New York: George H. Doran
Company. S8vo. Illustrated. 94 pages.
Price, $2.50 net.

In thirteen chapters Mr. Lewis Hind
develops his idea of Post-Impressionism,
the movement in art which has recently
come into such prominence. Mr. Hind
submits that expression, not beauty, is the
aim of art; that he who expresses his emo-
tion rhythmically, decoratively seeking the
inner meaning of things, is artist; and that

he who represents the mere external is.

illustrator. The founders of Post-Impres-
sionism, Cézanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin,
dominate this book, which rambles viva-

ciously over the movement, and describes |

the effect of Post-Impressionism upon the
author and upon England. To anyone in-
terested on the relation of art to the devel-
opment of contemporary culture, this well
written and well illustrated volume will
prove of deep interest.

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF POULTRY
Cutture. By John H. Robinson. Bos-
ton: Ginn & Co. $2.50.

This is by far the most complete pre-
sentation of poultry husbandry which we
have seen. While its primary purpose is
to serve as a textbook for agricultural col-
lege students, it meets all the requirements
of a general treatise. Mr. Robinson has
for many years been the editor of a poultry
journal, and his editorial instinct has stood
him in good stead in the preparation of
this volume, which is as worthy of com-
mendation for the things excluded as for
the facts included. The novice will find
by experience that indiscriminate reading
of poultry literature is a hindrance oftener
than a help, for the fictions of poultry
culture are mostly plausible, and generally
more alluring than the facts, and the usual
result of much reading in advance of a
thorough grounding in principles is an ac-
cumulation of obsolete and impracticable
ideas.

The book is well printed, and carries
nearly 600 illustrations, some of which are
very useful adjuncts to the text.

Comfort and Privacy

The Burlington Venetian Blind

will shade your porch and enable you to make your
porch a haven of rest and comfort on sizzling hot days.

With the Burlington Venetian Blind you will get
the advantages of open air, and at the same time you
will be secluded from the gaze of passers-by. It is
easy to adjust the Burlington Venetian Blind to any
angle. The top can be opened for light and ventila-
tion and the lower part closed to keep out the sun.

Make your porch a cool place for entertaining or
reading, anda pleasant place where the children can
play—by using Burlington Venetian Blinds.

Write for illustrated booklet —it de-
picts and describes various styles

BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND COMPANY
339 Lake Street, Burlington, Vt.

PTI
TITLE TEC EUEETEEETETTT TTT ob

CACC COU EO EEO DECC COCO OOO eee Eee

t |

» Tron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance
® Gates of all designs and for all purposes.
) Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished.

Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh
and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate
Boundaries and Industrial Propertiese—Lawn Fumi-
ture—Stable Fittings.

253 Broadway

F.E. CARPENTER CO., Now York City

FURNITURE

oA \_iGwKGKGTGSS—-_,
PROTEC Your floors
and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes, If your dealer wil) not
supply you
Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co.,
Menasha, Wisconsin, U.S, A.
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

BSAILIS Oc 39

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“It makes the house a home”’
Send stamp today for ‘‘Economy Way”?
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

*““ Economy "? Gas {3 automatic, Sanitary and NotPoisonous

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS

RUSTIC WORK

Catalog of many designs on request

North Shore Ferneries Company,
Beverly, Massachusetts ah

May, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xxifi

Tue Mopern Rarrroap. By Edward Hun- The Home of Wholesome Food

gerford. Chicago: A. C. McClurg &
ee oe nice BL. A Snow-White Solid Porcelain Compartment
It does away with cracks, joints,

To bring to the lay mind some slight idea
of the intricacy and involved detail of rail- ree e ec aee andi ciliec netucal
road operation is the purpose of the present hiding places for dirt, odors, decay-
volume. Many of the author’s articles have ing food and dangerous microbes so 5

appeared in well-known magazines. He has found in other refrigerators—the one A Lifetime Refrigerator
really sanitary food compartment.

performed an exceedingly difficult task in a ; ;
7 Send for Our Free Book on Home Refrigeration

very creditable manner. There is not a sin-
gle phase of the subject which is not ade- It tells you how to keep your food sweet and wholesome —how to cut down ice
bill—what to seek and what to avoid in buying any refrigerator. It is packed

y : ilding of a railroad h : g
quately ao eg pure - Ee with money-saving hints, and every housewife and home owner should have
is described in detai , with reterence to tun- one. It tells all about the ‘MONROE’’—describes its wonderful lining and the many

nels, bridges, passenger stations, freight ter- - — other sfend features that have given this refrigerator its position as the world’s
minals and yards, locomotives and cars; AG omles Food

then come chapters devoted to the railroad The “MONROE?” is sold direct to you—
and its president, the legal and financial de-
partments, the general manager, the super-

intendent, operation of the railroad, keeping back.” Liberal Credit Terms if not convenient to pay cash.

the line open, the general passenger agent GORE GOES CS ONE REERICERAT OR ic kilos
7 = S ° Is t. it od compart-
and his office, the luxury of modern rail- ment made of a eles of unbreakable snow- white Corelain ware with

. 1 1 4 every corner rounded as shown in above cut, The ONE REFRIGERATOR
road trav el, getting the city out into the Scceptedti in the best homes and leading hospitals. The ONE REFRIGERATOR

country, freight traffic, the drama of the that can be sterilized and made germlessly clean by ues, wiping out with a
: = ki ffi 1 i : damp cloth. The ONE REFRIGERATOR that will pay for itself many times
freight-ma ing tratic, the Express Service, over in a saving on ice bills, food waste and repairs. —The ONE REFRIGERA-

the railroad mail, the mechanical depart- OR sear o eave point incelect=i in its construction, and suitable to grace
ments of railroad routine, the coming of

electricity, and lastly, an exceedingly inter- |] MONROE REFRIGERATOR COMPANY
esting appendix, dealing with efficiency | 15) Station 29, Lockland, Ohio

through organization. It is a very well

made book, being nicely printed on light- CO 9) GUARANTEED Fal
weight paper, with detached illustrations. | itr a | PLUMBING ;
Book oF History (SHu-KING) oF Con- | un) AyrCi- FIXTURES

Fucius. Rendered and compiled by W. | ==

Gorm Old, M.R.A.S. New York: E. P. a —— eres
Dutton & Co. Cloth; 12mo.; 67 pages.
Price, 40 cents net.

This little book was designed by its trans-
lator and compiler to convey to the English-
speaking reader a familiar view of the men
who made Chinese history during the
earlier age of the yellow empire. Upwards
of twenty-five centuries before the dawn
of light of Christianity and civilization in
Britain and nearly twenty centuries before
the founding of the city of Rome, China
was possessed of a civil and criminal code,
statute laws, nine departmental ministers
of state under the emperor, extensive home
industries, a large import and export trade,
a systematized canal and river service, a
standing army, an extensive agriculture,
local governments and tributary taxation,
and schools of literature, art, science, and
music under the patronage and protection
of hereditary dukes, earls, marquises and
barons.

pane ll
| a solid piece |

Z of |
Porcelain Ware, |),
|| Like This. * |

at factory prices—on 30 days’ trial. We pay the
freight and guarantee “full satisfaction or money

Sold Direct

WoMEN AND WIspoM oF JAPAN. Introduc-
tion by Shingoro Takaishi. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co. Cloth; 16mo.; 64
pages. Price, 40 cents net.

It may be said that the entire moral Pap HE bath is no longer an event = ye «£ >»
teaching of Japan rests on the corner-stone in the household. The appeal of a EB
of the spirit of unselfishness. Kaibara Ek- “Standard” Fixtures has supplanted ‘‘sense

, = . . .
ee LS Sid SES ae of duty’’ by a “‘desire for cleanliness.’’ Children love bath-
et aay vane ee, ReWSe ing amidst the surroundings which “Standard” Fixtures form.
in Chinese ethics, wrote the “Onna Dai- Th A q (aap! che hh a5
waka” or (translated) “The Greater eir refining influence is as valuable to the home as their
Learning for Women.” It is from this practical utility, their beauty and their defiance of age and use.
text that the contents of “Women _ Genuine “Standard” fixtures forthe Home and demand “Standard” quality at less expense.
and Wisdom of Japan” is translated. for School, Office Buildings, Public Institu- AJ] “Standard” fixtures, with care, will last a
The well-known Bushido was the most tions, etc., are identified by the Green and jifetime. And no fixture is genuine wyless it
salient feature in the Japanese moral- Grol! Weel, ‘ft Ue eae oF One Wreianl bears the guarantee label. In order to avoid
ity, and one might translate it th of baths bearing the Red and Black Label, peas Sie fare re SS
tee : putes. 2 ae Wee 2 which, while of the first quality of manufac- y SOU shale Si Se ee er LOSES Er cuy
é areater Learning for Men. Here, then, ture, have a slightly thinner enameling, and » ‘otandard” goods in writing (not verbally)
in “Women and Wisdom of Japan,” we thus meet the requirements of those who and make sure that you get them.
have in the doctrine of “Onna Daigaku’
merely a different form of the Bushido Standard Sanitary Mig.Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, PA.
spirit, but directed towards an ethical sys- New York ...... 35 Wee Street Nashvilles..o.c 315 Teal Nica So. London....53 eli Viaduct, E.C.
Chicago ...... 415 Ashl New Orl , Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. ouston, Tex., Preston and Smith Sts.
tem for the Japanese woman, The reader Philadelphia. .1128 Walnut Sica T eecanees soondad 215 Coristine Bldg. San Francisco. .Metropolis Bank Bldg.
interested in Eastern culture will find the | ' Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St.,E. Boston........+++ John Hancock Bue. Washing D. 2 a poutiem Bide;

j ; : Pittsburgh....-... 106 Sixth Street Louisville........ 319-23 W. Main Street oledo, jesqac -321 Erie Street
sixty-four pages of this book well worth | SUA ICA Tataes AN OONNMSSe RE Seeee Clavslawdi.eee4eitlaron Reads'S.E. Fer Worth, Tex, Fronvand Jones Ste.
careful study for acquiring a fuller knowl- Cincinnati........ 663 Walnut St. Hamilton,Can.....20-28 Jackson St.,W.

edge and understanding of Japanese man-
ners and morals, past and present. ke. i au

XXiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ‘May, 1912

The Health of Your Family

depends to a large degree, upon the condition of your bathroom. One of the most
important fixtures in the bathroom is the Tub. Our Sherman Bathtub is the most
approved Tub on the market. It is designed to be built into wall and floor, thereby
eliminating all pockets and corners underneath the Tub where dust and dirt usually
accumulate, thus facilitating the cleaning of the Bathroom. In appearance it 1s very
pleasing, designed with plain yet graceful lines, harmonizing well with other fixtures
of the room. The Wolff name on our fixtures is your Guarantee. Look for it.

ESTABLISHED 1855

L. Wolff Manufacturing Company

Plumbing Goods Exclusively
The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm

General Offices: 601-627 West Lake Street, Chicago
DENVER Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago TRENTON

BRANCH OFFICES

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 515 Andrus Building SAN FRANCISCO. CAL., Monadnock Building
CLEVELAND, OHIO. Builders Exchange OMAHA, NEB., 1116-18 Douglas Street
KANSAS CITY, MO., 1205 Scarritt Building WASHINGTON, D.L., 327-328 Bond Building
ST. LOUIS, MO., 2210-2212 Pine Street CINCINNATI, OHIO. 506 Lyric Building
DALLAS, TEXAS, 2109 Pacific Avenue BUFFALO, N. Y., 61 Manchester Place.

Send for Booklet—Free

Camden, S. C.

T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ

Of the Sagamore on Lake George and the
Montclair, New Jersey

Tue MepiavaL Mino, By Henry Osborn
Taylor. New York: The Macmillan
Company. Cloth. 8vo. 2 vols. Price,
$5 net.

It is safe to say that in The Medieval
Mind its author, Henry Osborn Taylor, will
open up to many new paths across the fer-
tile fields of culture. No greater incentive
for vital study of the past has appeared in
the form of printed pages for several dec-
ades than we find in Mr. Taylor’s volume.
Especially in America have we been neg-
lectful of cultural history, this being true
of many of our large institutions of learn-
ing, though the universities of Wisconsin,
Illinois, Missouri, and Columbia University
—perhaps one or two others—have special
courses in the history of European culture
now open to students. Mr. Taylor ad-
vances pronounced views on the object of
exact influences and channels of develop-
ment, and it is possible that some critics
will insist that his interpretation is too
unswerving in its assumptions. Perhaps
others will feel that Mr. Taylor might have
given more space and attention to the ver-
nacular aspects of medizval culture in his
study of its Latin influences. Nevertheless,
the writer’s erudition, scholarship and un-
derstanding of developmental forces com-
mand the respect and admiration of every-
one, scholar, student and lay-reader alike;
and he has succeeded in his difficult and
self-appointed task of following through
the Middle Ages the development of in-
tellectual energy and the growth of emo-
tion.

Tue MATERIALS OF THE PAINTER’S CRAFT.
By A. P. Laurie. ‘Philadelphiaj-ee
Lippincott Co., 1911. Cloth crown 8vo.;
Illustrated. 444 pp. $2.00 net.

While many valuable and learned trea-
tises dealing with the materials of the paint-
er’s craft in past ages are to be found both
in English and in foreign tongues, it has
remained for Mr. Laurie to bring together
in easily accessible form within a reason-
able compass the information of this sort
heretofore scattered through many volumes.
The author of The Materials of the Paint-
er’s Craft is an authority on the technique
of painting and pigments both in ancient
and in modern practice and this volume will
find a hearty reception among students of
the history of the craft of painting.

TuHertrR Day In Court. By Percival Pol-
lard. New York: The Neale Publish-
ing Co. Cloth, 8vo; 486 pages. Price,
$3.00 net.

The recent loss to the literary world oc-
casioned by the death of Mr. Percival Pol-
lard a few months ago should be noted here
in connection with Their Day in Court,
one of his most entertaining books wherein
the author surveys American literature,
and European literatures incidentally, of
the last ten years. “The case of pure liter-
ature in America,” to quote, “is comparable
to the case of My Lady Parvenu’s grand
rout ; crowded and worthless. Quality is ut-
terly sacrificed for quantity. The rout com-
prises everybody, which to the discriminat-
ing spells Nobody . . . Find for me, if
you can, any tendency in our letters save the
commercial! Show me any goal save the
dollar! . . . It is impossible, we have
been told, to indict a nation. The impos-
sible, then, the indictment of all those re-
sponsible for the fatal prosperity of letters
among us, I will not attempt. Yet to ac-
cuse, by chapter and verse, the two classes
most directly responsible, this book is writ-
ten. Those classes are: firstly, the Ladies ;
secondly, the Critics.”

May, 1912 AMERICAN: HOMES AND” GARDENS XXV

Wuat ENnctanp Can TEAcH Us ABOUT
GARDENING. By Wilhelm Miller, Ph.D.
Garden City, New York: Doubleday,
Page & Co., 1911. Cloth; quarto; illus-
trated with 112 plates and eight plates in
color; 18+359 pages. Price, $4.00 net.

The book written by Wilhelm Miller
bearing the title, “What England Can Teach
Us About Gardening,’ is a comparative
treatment of a subject which the author’s
experience here and research abroad fits
him fully for the task. In every way the
contribution is a filippic to those seeking
knowledge of English gardens and the
methods of improving our own. The ob-
jects of the book are too important, their
presentation too ably sustained to warrant
much notice of the author’s somewhat nim-
ble use of slang and his severe strictures
on those writers who gush in garden liter-
ature. When this author does not care, he
writes of “a plant that fails to do the job.”
When writing in a fine strain, although he
hints it is his reluctance, he repents and
tells of “lace leaf and such deathless forms
of beauty”; of “miniature isles of bloom
that are perfect little poems”; of “the splen-
dor of precious English Holly and Ivy that
sinks into his soul.” Truly a range of ex-
pressions that shows he can be both loose
and pretty in style, while capable of the
sober work he has done as an editor of the
complete and massive volume of Bailey’s
Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. The
sections of the present large volume are
here epitomized so as to represent the num-
erous chapters of Part I as: ‘Noble and
ignoble ideas in landscape, formal, wild,
water, rock, wall, peat, rose and indoor gar-
dening ; also hardy borders, collecting, mak-
ing new varieties; and garden cities.” Part
II as: “How we waste millions on materials
we could never buy and on effects we can-
not imitate; what the best English effects
are and how we can reproduce the spirit
of them with long-life material; and how
we can contribute something toward that
supreme goal. An American type of gar-
dening.” In the twenty-six chapters and
the appendix the treatment is admirable for
its devotion to the subjects. He stays with
the garden wall until it is covered with
vines; with the pool until its water-lilies
span fully nine inches across their leaves;
and just as he finds that a certain moss has
a “genius” for filling every crevice, has he
the same faculty for filling every chink in
the science of rock gardening, and the rest.
A subtle touch of climate helps to make
England the most exauisite garden in the
world. The lack of this ingredient puts
somewhat into shade the horticultural
achievements of our land. In lieu of it we
can materially improve by falling heir to
the garden sense of a book which is full of
the promise of a primrose future if we
will stop imitating and use what is at hand
for creating more and better gardens. To
understand the right or the wrong way, to
find the relations of form or schemes of
color, in gardening, the reader is always
referred to the numerous plates that illus-
trate the text. So that if we cannot have
all of the reticence and the delight of Eng-
land in our gardens we can get much of it in
these illustrations. The material for illustra-
tions supplies nothing that can be called a
makeshift of book embellishment, and the
objects and scenes presented are a tribute to
the sifting acumen of an expert’s selections
in a work which is one of the best that have
been written and pictured about England’s
flowerbeds and evergreen foliage, her wild-
flower, hedge and woodland glories, the
lovely threading of her streams around, the
incomparable nestling of her cottages,
among such as these.

OHN DAVEY

J
Father of Tree Surgery

Trees by
their attractive-
ness and their utility
add to the property and
rental value of a house, there-
fore they should receive attention
—but only by experts.

We have an interesting book upon
the subject of Tree Surgery which
should be read by every man and
‘woman who is interested in a home
and its trees. If you are the owner
of an estate, a country or city house
‘™ with trees, we will mail you this book
™ Free. It explains what the

‘4M Davey Tree Experts
Jia Do

It tells the fascinating story of John Davey,
Father of Tree Surgery—the work he has
accomplished—the institution he founded, and
the wonderful results of his work.

Don’t let any man touch a tree on your place
unless he shows you credentials proving him
qualified to perform the work.

All graduates of the Davey Institute of Tree
Surgery carry such testimony, and are em-
ployed by the Davey Tree Expert Company—

WE NEVER LET GOOD MEN GO.

If you are an owner of trees, they are worth
saving, and you should write for our book.
When writing be sure to state the number of
trees you own and their species. Address:
The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc.
230 Bark Street, KENT. OHIO

Branch Offices:
New York, Chicago, Toronto.

Canadian Address: 630 Conf. Life Bldg., Toronto, Ont
Representatives Available
Everywhere

Sampleand §-_ ay A House Lined with

Circular
Free

VERTICAL SECTION,

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.

cRoss.sEctIon THROUGH FLoor. 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

XXVi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HOW TO TELL

66 99

REG Ud PAT OFF

RAIN COATS

—2a This circular
registered trade mark
is stamped on
the inside and a

Sik Sen Label

is sewed at the collar or elsewhere.

“None Genuine Without Them’

The Gurencite Proyf is applied to
many kinds of cloth suitable for
men’s, women’s and children’s outer
garments in light, medium and
heavy weights for all seasons of the
year, and are for wear in rain or
shine.

“Rain will neither wet nor
spot them.”

They contain no rubber, have
no disagreeable odor; will not over-
heat or cause perspiration.

For sale by leading dealers in Men’s,
Women’s and Children’s Clothing:

Glavenelle Go, Lid

BRADFORD, ENGLAND

HOBOKEN, NEW feoere
BPricatley + 6,
BRADFORD, ENGLAND

A postal to the New York office of B. Priestley & Co.,
100 Fifth Avenue, will bring interesting booklet.

FURNITURE DRAPERIES FLOOR COVERINGS

ARTHUR D. RUSSELL
INTERIOR DECORATIONS
Schemes for harmonious furnishings, with the

essential keynote of Owner’s individuality necessary
to their appreciation.

TELEPHONE, GREELEY 2707

1 WEST 34TH STREET NEW YORK

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.

Benches, Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts,

Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet [x
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

Benches Entrances

JAPANESE PaintING. By Henry P. Bowie.
San Francisco: Paul Elder & Co. Cloth
8vo.; Illustrated. 117% pp. Price, $3.50
net.

Mr. Henry P. Bowie’s work on Japanese
Art is probably the only one of its kind
from the pen of a foreigner whom, in addi-
tion to the study of Japanese method, has
also .mastered their practical application.
Mr. Bowie lived for many years in Japan,
studying under the most celebrated Jap-
anese masters, and obtained artistic dis-
tinction among Japanese painters, con-
tributed to their galleries, and won the
commendation of the Emperor, who ac-
cepted some examples of his work.
Evidently there could be no safer guide for
those who covet familiarity with a form
of art that is immeasurably ancient and that
has lost none of its power to please.

We have here a remarkable book, a book
that not only illuminates the distinctively
Japanese art, but that cannot fail to be
of practical value to Western students of
all grades, whether they wish to acquire
Japanese methods or not. It is safe to
say that the information given in its pages
cannot be secured from any other work in
any language. Mr. Bowie has the useful
faculty of summarizing his material with-
out depriving it of its technical and prac-
tical value.

A special word of praise should be given
to the illustrations and explanatory plates.
They do actually illustrate and explain.
Many of them are by great Japanese
artists and are of striking pictorial value.
All of them are carefully selected and well
reproduced. The student will find the ex-
plantory plates of great practical value.
They are divided into groups demonstrat-
ing the various laws of Japanese technique
as, for instance, the eight ways of painting
in color, the eight laws of ledges, the
twelve laws of dots for painting near or
distant trees and shrubs, the laws for paint-
ing waves and moving waters, etc. The
text, also, has been prepared with the ut-
most care. For example, Japanese art
terms and other words deemed important
have been retained and translated; all those
of Chinese origin being printed in small
capitals, while those of Japanese origin are
in italics. In fact, the work is indispens-
able to any serious student of Japanese art.

THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY, FRANCE AND
Encianp. Vol. 3. History of Archi-
tectural Development. _By F. M. Simp-
son. New York: Longmans, Green &
Co., 1912. . Cloth 8vo.; Illustrated.
309 pp» » Price, $6 net.

The history of the Renaissance of archi-
tecture in Italy, France and England is an
interesting story, and although it has been
told by many authorities many times, Pro-
fessor Simpson has proved in the present
volume the worth of its retelling in his
clear, comprehensive and interesting way.
The volume, apparently intended primarily
for the use of actual practitioners of archi-
tecture (though thoroughly interesting at
the same time to the layman), contains an
abundance of technical illustration of great
worth. Here and there in Professor
Simpson’s text one finds a point to quarrel
with, as where he remarks that “The re-
vival, in literature preceded what is known
as the Renaissance in Architecture, but
it is a mistake to say that it occasioned it.”
But from very few uncritical and un-
scholarly lapses of this sort Professor
Simpson frees himself in the main, and the
reader, professional architect or student
will gain a truer conception of the develop-
ment of modern architecture from having
the good fortune to study its pages.

LET’S MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN

By Hanna Rion

If you like to dig in the
Spring and you find it a
real pleasure to put on your
old clothes, get outa spade,
and turn over damp clods
of the reawakening soil,
you will find the greatest
source of inspiration and at the same time the
most valuable book you ever read in its wealth of
practical suggestion. Fully illustrated with photo-
graphs and with decorations by Frank Ver Beck.
Price, $1.35 net; postage, 14 cents.

The House & Garden “Making Books”

Illustrated. Per copy 50 cents net; postage, Scents.

Making A Rose Garden. By Henry H. Saylor.:

A practical little volume that shows the beginner
how to grow roses. Good advice on all the steps
in rose culture.

Making a Lawn. By Luke J. Doogue. Having
a fine lawn is not merely a matter of throwing a
few handfuls of seed on the ground. This little
book tells just how to have the green, velvety lawn
you have always wanted.

Making a Garden to Bloom This Year. By
Grace Tabor. Tells you what to plant and how,
so that your garden will bloom this summer. The
book for you who have procrastinated—but don’t
put off getting the book.

Making the Grounds Attractive With Shrub-
bery. By Grace Tabor. There is a lot of money
wasted on planting shrubs in the usual hit-or-miss
fashion—here’s the book to save that, and get
them in right.

OTHERS IN PREPARATION

MY THREE BIG

FLIGHTS

By André Beaumont

per : An up-to-the-minute
human document, being the experiences and sensa-
tions of the intrepid French birdman André Beau-
mont, in the greatest aerial races in history, all of
which he won. He tells of his early training, the
first stretching of his wings, and gives intimate and
interesting details of the navigation of the air. This
is the first book ever published in which the aviator
himself conveys to the reader the sensation of fly-
ing. Price, $2.50 net; postage, 20 cents.

The First Book of Photography. By C. H.
Claudy. The complete process of making good
photographs, simply and specifically told for the
novice. If you have never known the pleasure of
camera work, you may find out how to do it right
from this book by an authority who knows how to
treat the subject non-technically andcomprehensibly.
Illustrated. Price, 75 cents net; postage, 8 cents.

Your bookseller can supply you.
Send for complete catalogue.

McBRIDE, NAST & CO.
Publishers
UNION SQUARE
NEW YORK

Travel

House & Garden

Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer
Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39-49 W. 8th ST., NEW YORK

We are Selling Out all Furniture, Silver,
Brass, Etc., at our 49 West 8th St. Branch

Mahogany Inlaid
Tip Table $5.00

30 inches long

Hand-made

When
in

Boston -

HOTEL VICTORIA

Cor. Dartmouth and Newbury Sts.

@ One half block from Copley Square. Two
minutes walk to Public Library, Trinity
Church and Back Bay Stations. In center
of the Back Bay district, and particularly
accessible for automobilists.

European Plan
THOMAS O. PAIGE, Manager

May, 1912

May, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXVil

CONFUSION OF NAMES OF COM-
MERCIAL WOODS

O branch of forestry requires the in-

vestigation of men of science more
than the history and structural characters
of the commercial. timber trees. It is la-
mentable to see so many talented men de-
vote their entire lives to the study of small
groups of relatively unimportant plants of
the desert or the ocean, while we are still
ignorant even of the botanical names of a
good many trees yielding timber of com-
merce. A number of the trees of West
Africa, which produce a large percentage
of the choicest timber used in England and
in the United States for furniture and high-
grade cabinet work, are now known in the
trade by no other name except mahogany,
when in reality they do not belong to the
mahogany family at all. Coccobola from
Central America has been imported into this
country for over a hundred years, but to-

wii

The Greatest China Factory In the World

Not in England, or France, or Germany, but at Newell, West Virginia,
U. S. A., is located the pottery of The Homer Laughlin China Co., the
largest in the world. To make the 45,000,000 pieces of Homer Laughlin
China annually produced, requires the work of 1,800 people; 15 acres of floor
space is necessary; and for decorating, $60,000 worth of gold alone is used
annually. These figures indicate the popularity of Homer Laughlin China.

In addition to its beauty and refine-
ment of design and decoration, Homer
Laughlin’ China gives splendid service.
It is ‘‘as good asit looks.’’ In buying
|| see that the trade-mark name “Homer
Laughlin” appears on the under side of

SUSUS TS SSS tS tS SS

day no one seems to know what tree yields
this wood. A number of examples of this
kind could be cited in regard to important
timbers which come from the tropics.

This lack of knowledge is the chief reason
why so many different woods which bear
the slightest resemblance have been given
the same common or trade name. For in-
stance, there are now more than fifty differ-
-ent woods sold under the comprehensive
trade name mahogany ; there are more than
twenty-five referred to under the name
cedar; there are more than a dozen rose-
woods; equally as many satin woods, iron
woods, and box woods, not to mention a
number of beef woods, ebony woods, sandal
woods, teak woods, gum woods, walnuts,
and a host of others, named according to
the fancy of the shippers and importers.
The duplication of names has become so
complicated that dealers are now unable to
know what kind of mahogany, cedar, wal-
nut, or gum to supply when their customers
order goods by these names.

Timber constitutes a very important pro-
duct of the foreign commerce of this
country. To many the number of different
kinds of woods imported will be a matter
of great surprise, but numerous as they are
now they are few compared with those
which will be introduced into the American
markets when the forest resources of Africa
and South America become more generally
available. Not a month passes but what
some importer adds another mahogany,
cedar, or rosewood to the long list of sub-
stitutes. Public attention and the investiga-
tion of scientific men are being gradually
directed to this branch of work, and it is
hoped that something can be accomplished
which will prove helpful in protecting the
purchasers from getting the spurious kinds
when genuine woods are specified.

HENS THAT TELEPHONED

O catch an animal that had been kill-

ing his hens, a Winsted, Connecticut,
poultry raiser, who had a pen of hens tak-
ing part in the international egg-laying
contest at the State Agricultural College,
had a telephone installed in his henhouse.
The wire ran to his bedroom, where the
receiver was fastened to a bedpost, close
to his pillow. The receiver on the other
end was also off the hook, thus permit-
ting any sound in the hennery to travel
to the owner’s sleeping-room.

About daybreak the poultry raiser was
awakened by the shrill cackling of his
hens coming over the wire. Dressing
himself hurriedly, he grabbed a gun and
started for the henhouse, where he shot
and killed the thief, a mink.

each piece of sufficient size.

Newell, West Virginia

The Homer Laughlin China Co.,

The Chain of Communication

ACH Bell Telephone is the center of

the system. This system may be any
size or any shape, with lines radiating from
any subscriber’s telephone, like the spokes
of a wheel, to the limits of the subscriber’s
requirements, whether ten miles or a
thousand.

Somewhere on the edge of this subscriber’s
radius is another who requires a radius of
lines stretching still further away. On the
edge of this second subscriber’s radius is
still a third, whose requirements mean a
further extension of the lines, and so on.

This endless chain of systems may be
illustrated bya series of overlapping circles.
Each additional subscriber becomes a new

center with an extended radius of com-
munication, reaching other subscribers.

However small the radius, the step-by-step
extension from neighbor to neighbor must
continue across the continent without a
stopping place, until the requirements of
every individual have been met.

There can be no limit to the extension of
telephone lines until the whole country is
covered. There can be no limit to the
system of which each Bell telephone is the
center, up to the greatest distance that talk
can be carried.

Because these are the fundamental needs
of a nation of telephone users, the Bell
System must provide universal service.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

One System

Universal Service

XXVIII

Evergreens as: grown for specimens at Andorra Nurseries

PLANT FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give
an immediate effect. Spring Price List gives complete information.

ANDORRA NURSERIES °° pasiceipra

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

It takes over twenty years to

Built any
Size

Painted Ready-to Set Up $

Garages, Stores, Churches, Schoolhouses, Playhouses, Studios, etc. Built in sections, convenient
for handling and are quickly and easily erected simply by bolting sections together. Skilled labor
is not necessary to set them up, as all sections are numbered and everything fits. Built of first
class material in the largest and best portable house factory in America. Buildings are substantial
and as durable as if built on the ground by local contractors. Are handsomer and COST
MUCH LESS. We build houses to meet every requirement, We pay freight. Art catalog
by mail on receipt of 4c. stamps. Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co., 410 Lehigh St., Ithaca, N.Y.

VACUUM CLEANER

The Broomell VICTOR Stationary Vacuum Cleaner is made in sizes to
suit any building. We make a specialty of one sweeper machines for residence work
(1 H. P. electric motor), and on account ot its extreme simplicity, accessibility,
ease of management and low cost of operation, is an extra fine machine for
this work.

Architects and owners who want something good and reliable will find it in
the VICTOR.

We make special Vacuum Cleaners, either Stationary or Portable, for Country
Homes, to operate from Gasoline Engine.

. Complete

Broomell’s VICTOR

Electric Stationary

Send blue prints for layout of vacuum piping. Send for printed matter. Buy
direct from the manufacturer and save money.
VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY York, Pa.

Ready for Operation

ontelair

wT cs =

A home hotel for the family, the business man and any’

one desiring a residence within an hour from New
- York and enjoy the delights of country eleva-
tion, rest and environments. ‘This is what the Mont-
clair Hotel offers. It is operated on the American
plan, has grillroom with facilities for private parties,
banquets, dances under the direction of T. Edmund
& Krumbholz of the Kirkwood, Camden,
A) S.C. and the Sagamore, on Lake George.

Mr. R. C. Millard, Resident Manager, will

reply to all inquiries and call upon request.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

May, 1912

TRAIL-BLAZING FOR THE GARDEN

By HAROLD D. EBERLEIN

HERE is a man, a very sensible man,

who makes a point every year of trying
to grow two or three strange, new plants he
has never heard of before. He goes carefully
over all the garden catalogues and notes
any brand new importation that is an-
nounced. When he fills out his order sheet
for the seedsman he always puts down sey-
eral of the newcomers on principle. Some-
times he gets pleasant surprises, sometimes
disappointments, but always an increasing
store of valuable experience. He has the
right spirit.

We are all creatures of habit. In our
hearts we all acknowledge the truth of this
though we may be loath to admit it in our
own particular case. And, now and again,
we are creatures of habit much to our cost.
In no respect is this truer than in our select-
ing of plants, trees and shrubs for our
gardens. How many of us, pray, when the
time comes for us to make out owr Spring
or Fall garden lists, will be daring enough
to venture in a new path? Will we not
rather let ourselves fall into a narrow
groove and stick there, content to order the
same things year after year, mistrustful,
perhaps, of branching out into new lines?
We ought, on the contrary, to cultivate the
spirit of botanical experimentation. We
doubtless should if we but realized how
much pleasure and satisfaction we deprive
ourselves of by not doing so. There are
scores of plants native to China, Japan, parts
of India, South America and other portions
of the globe, plants about which we know
nothing or next to nothing, all of them de-
sirable and suited also to our climate. The
same may be said of vegetables and fruits.
There are plenty of them we could grow
to our great satisfaction. For this unpro-
gressive state of affairs the cause seems to
be twofold. It is partly our own fault be-
cause we do not generally seek out and
order the new and unusual things and give
them at least a trial, and it is partly the
fault of the seedsman and nurserymen be-
cause they frequently do not keep up the
variety of their stock. It must be said, how-
ever, in their defense, that when the demand
in certain directions is so small that it
yields no profit they cannot be blamed, from
a business point of view, for dropping the
unprofitable branch and keeping only what
there is a steady call for. Some nursery-
men, indeed, are making an effort from
year to year to introduce new plants and
forign varieties of those we know, but they
would do infinitely more if they received
sufficient encouragement from a large num-
ber of their patrons.

Now is the most fitting time to branch
out and try some horticultural experiments.
Why not order a few of the most unusual
things we find listed or can in any way hear
of? Perhaps they may turn out well and
become our staunch friends in the garden
and then again perhaps they may not. But
what matter?

OLD CEDAR WOOD FOR LEAD
PENCILS

T is not generally known that pencil man-

ufacturers are keen upon obtaining sup-.
plies of old cedar rails, boards, posts, etc.,
that have undergone years of weathering.
As new cedar carries a large amount of res-
inous matter which it is difficult and ex-
pensive to eliminate, the old wood is far
superior for use in making lead pencils, as
any resinous matter remaining in cedar
tends to warp the pencils and to ooze out,
thus ultimately marring the appearance of
the finished product.

What Do You Demand
In a Water Supply System

Is it a high, strong pressure that you desire? Is it efficiency—
compactness—simplicity of operation that you want? All are im-
portant. Will you get them in the outfit you select? Make certain

of it. Install a
@ DOUGLAS
PNEUTANK SYSTEM

It offers you a complete water service piped throughout the house
or any part of the grounds. It gives you live, gushing water wherever
and whenever you want it. It makes you independent of wind,
weather or insufficient town water works.

aise A REND RT I i |
BREGRE CE ERE - oa

Tanglefoot

A harmless sticky sub-
stance applied directly to
tree trunks. Remains effective, rain or shine, three months
and longer, fully exposed to weather. One pound makes
about 9 lineal feet of band, No apparatus required, easily
applied with wooden paddle. Especially recommended
against gypsy, brown-tail and tussock moth caterpillars, bag
worms, canker worms and climbing cut worms, but equally
effective against any climbing pest. Tree Tanglefoot needs
nomixing. Itisalwaysready for use. Do not wait until you
see the insects. Band your trees early and get best results.

Price: 1-lb. cans, 30c.; 3-lb. cans, 85c; 10-lb. cans, $2.65;
20-lb cans, $4.80. For sale by all reliable seed houses.

The O. & W. Thum Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Manufacturers of Tanglefoot Fly Paper and Tree Tanglefoot. Send for Booklet.

The outfit shown here consists of an air-tight steel tank, and a
standard gasoline engine direct-connected to a very efficient pump.
This outfit will deliver up to 600 gallons of water an hour. The
pressure is as high as needed in the average suburban home.

Douglas PNEUTANK Systems are absolutely reliable and
thoroughly durable. Other systems may be cheaper in first cost. They
are much dearer in the long run. We will replace any part of the
Douglas outfit found defective within five years of installation.

Our expert engineering department will gladly aid you in
solving your water supply problem.

Write to-day for a catalog and full information.

W. & B. DOUGLAS

180 William Street , Middletown, Conn.

Manufacturers of spray pumps, deep-well pumps, hand force pumps,
Forest-fire-fighting outfits, etc.

ELECTRIC LIGHT FOR THE
COUNTRY HOME

You know the convenience of electric light in your
city house—its cleanliness and its safety. You can now
apply it to your country home, regardless of how far from

a Central Lighting Station you are located.

This can be done by the installation of your own electric
lighting plant which will require only a small space, can be very
easily installed and any one can operate it.

Acomplete plant consists of a small gasoline engine, dynamo,
a simple switchboard and a storage battery called

The “Chloride Hccumulator”

This battery is the same type as is used in the large
municipal lighting stations, by the electric railways and
United States Government. The use of this battery
totally obviates the necessity of running an engine at
night as a few hours operation of the engine and dynamo
occasionally will store the “Chloride Accumulator’ with
sufficient electricity to give you a full twenty four hour
lighting service for your grounds and buildings. Atouch
of a switch gives you light whenever needed.

The use of the “Chloride Accumulatot’”’ makes your
light instantly available andas dependable as that supplied
by a city lighting plant.

You should install an electric lighting plant in your
| country home. Write our nearest office for our book

‘ NY

“Electricity for Country Places.” Tell us how many lights
you will require and we shall be glad to furnish you with
complete information.

\ THEELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY C0.

1888 PHILADELPHIA 1912
New York Boston Chicago St. Louis Cleveland Atlanta Denver
Detroit San Francisco Toronto Portland, Ore. Seattle Los Angeles

— om —

Photos (C)
Mishkin
Dupont
Matzene

F you have not yet realized the marvel-
ous truth and vitality of the music of
the Columbia Grafonola, we are sure
that your opinion was formulated in 1907
or earlier—and since then a revolution
has been wrought. We want to say this
courteously ; but we do insist upon it.

If we are right you are the one who has
missed the most. Will you do just this one

thing: Go to the nearest Columbia dealer
(we can give you his name) and ask him to
let you hear any record, by any of the great
artists named above, played on this new
Columbia Grafonola (the “Princess” $75.) .

Don’t be too sure that you know already.
We predict a few minutes of delighted
astonishment for which you are likely to
thank us.

COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH CO., Gen'l

Box 249, Tribune Building, New York Toronto, McKinnon Building
London: Earlsfield, S. W. Mexico City; 1-A Calle de Lopez, No.7

me ; x ; 4 me i ‘i % a 4

ime | y mt

a SE I seinem eee ; —_ d JF .
ere as I y _ ‘ \ : yf
A ee — } nis a f potee

—— r s — ed aes A
i
Le

Vacation Articles—Por

ati

i Ba

RTS coe =

_ BEVERLY
TOWLES

D LI:
r ubli:

oe.

Gage
iene

Owners of White Cars have always been foremost in
Motor Car Touring, for two vital reasons—

N the first place, White Cars are simple in construction and operation,
and are built of the best possible material. White Cars are comfortable
to the occupants, the spring suspension is ideal, and the car is well-
balanced on the road. The driver is not tired out and cramped after a

day's run. The expense for gasoline and tires is less than owners of other
cars believe is possible. . The oiling system is positive, and it is absolutely im-
possible to overheat a White motor, even under the most adverse conditions.

Moreover, the organization of The White Company is widespread, offering every service
and convenience to White owners touring. The White Company is represented in
ninety-one of the one hundred largest cities in the United States, and in two hundred

. Others. A branch office is maintained in London, especially convenient for White owners

in Europe. There are ten White representatives in Canada. There are also White

dealers in Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden,.

France, Russia, Spain, India, Philippines, Australia, and Hawaii. Representation of this
character means absolute security to the tourist.

CATALOG and information concerning routes, shipping, etc., on request.

The White Ea) Company
CLEVELAND

Manufacturers of Gasoline Motor Cars, Trucks, and Taxicabs

opted. eS.
A Cs
st “av
bap .
vee Mie noe ee

Oey cee
a + :

SAT
Wes aee
SS ee NSS

June, 1912

CARING FOR THE PULLETS
By E. I. FARRINGTON

EE order to have pullets begin laying early
next winter, they must be kept growing
rapidly throughout the Summer months.
No one has a right to expect that he can
neglect his chickens in hot weather and
atone for this neglect in the Fall by forcing
his birds. The plan will not work and will
prove an expensive one to try.

If, on the other hand, the April hatched
chicks are subjected to no setbacks, the
pullets will naturally commence laying in
October or November and continue laying
through the winter season.

To have the pullets develop properly,
they should have as large a range as can
be given them, with shelter from the hot
sun and with plenty of fresh, cool water to
drink. Likewise, they should receive a
liberal and nourishing growing ration, al-
though such a one need not be at all compli-
cated. Green food will be required; but if
a wide range is given, the birds will find
their own green food, consuming a large
amount of grass and weeds. If they have
access to the vegetable garden, they will
feast on the owner’s pet crops, so that fenc-
ing either the chickens or the garden is
most necessary.

When plenty of grass land is available,
there is no better plan than to place the
birds in coops or colony houses and give
them free range as soon as the brooding
age is over, which will be when the chicks
are from two to three weeks old, depending
upon the breed; in any case, when they are
well feathered out, so that heat is no longer
necessary.

It is well to have these colony houses or
coops on runners, so that they may fre-
quently be moved a few feet to a new loca-
tion. Such a plan obviates the necessity
for cleaning out the houses at all, and the
grass will quickly grow again. They should
not be built with floors if the location is a
dry one, for the birds will spend the nights
on the ground at first and seem to do bet-
ter when in contact with mother Earth. At
any rate, the ground is cool in hot weather.
On most plants where chickens are fat-
tened for market, no perches are used in
the colony houses, as they are thought
to sometimes cause crooked breastbones.
There is little danger of this, though, if the
first perches are made several inches wide,
and it is well to let the pullets begin to
roost as soon as they desire to do so, when
they are being raised for layers. Naturally,
it is well to place the perches only a few
inches above the ground at first.

A little more work is required when
poultry is being raised on a limited area
than when free range is given. It is a good
plan to confine the chickens in small yards
made of poultry netting and covered with
this material so that they cannot fly out.
One end of the yard may be covered with
an A-shaped roof which will give shelter
from rain and sun. When such a pen can
be located on a grass plot it may be moved
the width of the pen each day, so that the
grass will not be worn down, while the
birds will have a liberal supply.

and troubleless.
under all conditions.

The Diamond

AKRO

Simmons Hose Reels

Save time and money.
Besides, its spiral wind
protects life of hose
indefinitely. Also neat
and compact, with efh-
cient lawn - sprinkler
combined.

Each, - $4.00 net

Garden Hose

that stands the test of

time. None but pure
rubber and best fabric
used in its construc-
tion. Buy direct
and save un-
necessary
j profits. (
Price, including Nozzle and Coup-
lings, complete, 10 cents per foot net.

JOHN SIMMONS CO.
104-110 Centre Street New York City

After All, the Acid Test
of Tires is Touring

OU may take chances in the

city within a block or two of a

_ tire repair shop, but out in the country,
touring, eighty miles from nowhere, you
must have a tire that you can depend upon.
The Diamond Safety Tread Tire is the ideal
touring tire. It is staunch, rugged, reliable
It is safe in ticklish places and

1 | . It has life insurance built into
it—and it won’t skid either forward or sideways.

And it gives you mileage—more even than the Diamond Smooth Tread
Tire, which is greatest in mileage among smooth tires.

The Diamond Safety Tread Tire is an economical all the year round tire.
Diamond Safety and Smooth Tread Tires are made to fit every style of rim.

In addition to dependable dealers everywhere there are FIFTY-FOUR |
Diamond Service Stations. Diamond Service means more than merely i
selling tires—it means taking care of Diamond Tire users. a
3

Rabber (mpany

We Could Build Them Cheaper, But We Won’t
We Would Build Them Better, But We Can’t

OHIO =

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTFR AVES.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

Pouliry, Pet
and Line Stork

Direriory

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN CUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,
Cranes, Storks, Flamipgoes, Ostriches, Orna-
mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good

} healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

MOTTLED ANCONAS

Beautiful, nonsetting, persistent layers of large eggs. $1.00
for 15 eggs.

WILL W. FISHER Watervliet, Michigan

KILLED BY SCIENCE
DANYSZ VIRUS isa

RA I Bacteriological Preparation

AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouses
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75c; ordinary dwelling. 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
sq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now.

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

Just Published

Garages and Motor
Boat Houses

Compiled by
WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK

@ This work contains a collection of selected designs for
both private and commercial buildings, showing the very
H latest ideas in their planning and construction.

@ There are 136 illustrations of garages and motor boat
houses, consisting of plans and exterior views reproduced
from photographs.

| These designs have been contributed by twenty-four
well known architects from different sections of the United
States.

@ The book is divided into five sections as follows:

I. Private Country and Suburban Garages.
II. Private City Garages.

III. Suburban and City Public Garages.

IV. Motor Boat Garages.

V. Garage Equipment and Accessories.

@ Neatly bound in board and cloth. Size 7% x 10%
inches. 119 pages.

Price $2.00, Postpaid

MUNN & CO., Inc.

361 Broadway, New York

When the chickens are confined to a per-
manent yard, every care must be taken
to keep the ground from becoming badly
fouled. If the yard is small it cannot be
grassed and purified in that way, and so
must be spaded over frequently. Often-
times a handplow or wheelplow may be
used to good advantage in such a yard; it
is a very easy and simple matter to turn
over the earth once a week with such a
tool. The birds ought to be excluded from
the yard in the Fall, if possible, and a sow-
ing of rye made. The rye will make good
green fodder for the pullets and older hens
in winter, and will serve to renovate the
soil. Much of the trouble on small poul-
try plants which have been established sev-
eral years comes from tainted ground.

When the pullets are confined to a per-
manent yard, the question of green rations
must be considered. Almost anything
which is green and succulent will do, its
principal object being to provide an ap-
petizer and perhaps certain salts which are
needed in the body. If the flock is small,
there may be enough greens from the gar-
den—hbits of lettuce, spinach and the like.
Perhaps the clippings from the lawn will
suffice—they are easily secured by attach-
ing a grass catcher to the lawnmower. If
there should be a surplus of these lawn clip-
pings, they may be dried in the sun and
stored for use the following winter. Swiss
chard is excellent for growing pullets and
may be raised very easily, throughout the
Summer, and even after cold weather
comes, if a coldframe is placed over the
plants. Only the top is removed and as it
quickly grows again, a few plants will pro-
vide a constant supply of green stuff. If
a small piece of ground is available, rape
may be grown. Sowed early in May, it
will be ready for feeding in July and yields
bountifully. The chickens like it and thrive
Om it,

Some amateur poultrymen have found a
simple way to economize labor and time.
They grow a patch of grass or a few rows
of chard in the henyard and cover it with
one inch poultry wire fastened to a board
set on edge at each side of the growing
crop. These boards should be high enough
so that when well started the top of the
grass or chard will reach the wire. The
chickens will eat off all they can reach, but
new growth will quickly produce a fresh
supply. If kept well watered, such a bed
will yield a green ration all summer.

The pullets and cockerels ought to be sep-
arated as soon as the latter attempt crowing
or exhibit masculine characteristics. The
pullets will thrive much better with the
male birds removed from the flock, and the
cockerels themselves will grow faster and
put on flesh more rapidly. Of course, they
are to be fattened and sold as soon as feas-
ible. Unless fancy stock is being grown,
only a few males should be retained. The
pullets will lay better probably if there are
no roosters in the pens and the eggs certain-
ly will keep longer. Much of the annoy-
ance to which non-poultry keeping neigh-
bors in thickly settled communities object
would be eliminated if roosters were dis-
pensed with. In any, case, only those
needed for breeding purposes should be
carried over, unless, indeed, they are want-
ed to provide meat in the course of the
Winter.

When the pullets are confined to perma-
nent yards, shelter from the sun will be
needed. This may be provided by grow-
ing vines over the fences or by planting sun
flowers along them. Or pieces of canvas
or burlap may be used to break the sun’s
rays. Low houses are hot and it is a good

COME TO

THE BERKSHIRE HILLS
LIFE’S WORTH LIVING UP HERE

High altitude, dry air, good water, and a
beautiful country. I sell Farms, Estates,
Homes and Manufacturing Sites. All
kinds and prices. Let me know what kind
of property you are looking for.

L’ll send illustrated booklet.
GEO. H. COOPER, Pittsfield, Mass.

Room 206, Agricultural Bank Building

$20 an Acre—800 Acres

The greatest farm bargain in New York, 50 miles from Rochester.

0 acres in cultivation, 250 in timber, balance pasture, large
residence, two barns. Fine trout stream. Would make fine game
preserve, or grain, dairy, or stock farm, Three miles from good
town, markets and railway. Fine view of Canandaigua Lake.
Terms ¥% cash, balance to suit.

J. P. LONG & CO., 109 Wilder Building, Rochester, N. Y.

FOR RENT.—COAST of MAINE |

Ten room cottage, on ocean front. Completely
furnished. City conveniences. Safe bathing

beach, near Portland. Address:

D. L. FRANCE
Yale P.O. New Haven, Conn.

Do You Want to Purchase A Home ?

If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do
not find just what you want—Address

THE REAL ESTATE MART,

Care of American Homes and Gardens

361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY.

SUMMER HOMES

LONG ISLAND

““New York’s Seacoast’’

Brimfull of Summer life, and fronting on the
level stretch of beach washed by the restless
Atlantic, or upon the rolling wooded hills sur-
rounding the many picturesque bays indenting
the North shore, are the Summer homes, hotels
and boarding cottages that shelter the host of
New Yorkers and those from distant points that
glory in this ideal Summer land.

And along this coast line for over 400 miles
is enjoyed every imaginable pastime, fanned
with exhilarating breezes from off the Atlantic,
which throw a new delight into a round of the
links, a slashing set of tennis, a tramp through
wooded and hilly country, or an exciting sail
on picturesque bays in the path of a stiff sea
breeze.

Let us tell you about these Summering places,
and show yuu pictures of the many beauty
spots, by sending you new book — Long
Island Resorts,’? mailed on receipt of 10
cents postage by the General Passenger
Agent, Long Island Railroad, Room 353
Pennsylvania Station, New York.

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

fli Clothes Rae

SIMPLE in construction. Nothing to get

out of order. Made in two light parts—Reel

and Post. Reel folds up like an umbrella;
locks automatically to post-cannot blow off.
STRONG Made of the best materials.
Malleable castings all galvanized. Cannot
rust out. Post, either wood painted or steel
tube galvanized. Best cotton thread line.
EFFECTIVE Carries from 100 to 150
feet of line and takes up less than fourteen
feet of your lawn whenin use. Accommo-
dates a whole wash. Every inch of line can
be reached by standing in one place.

Sold by leading dealers everywhere. If they
cannot supply you we will. Send for illus-
trated folder No. 9 and your dealer’s name.

HILL DRYER COMPARNY,: 309 Park Ave. ,Worcester,Mass.

G Fung Tine Cupnrure (78)

So Perfect and So Peerless

CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY
FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS

Prices marked in plain figures

will always be found EXCEED-

INGLY LOW when compared

with the best value obtainable
elsewhere

Geo. C. Funt Co.

4a-47West 23°St. 24-28 West 24"St

ee COOK THE COOK
“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“‘It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for “‘Economy Way”’
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“ Economy ”? Gas 1s automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous

Your floors

PROTEC and floor

coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes, If your dealer will not
supply you
Write un—Onward Mfg. Co.,
Menasha, Wisconsin, U.S, A.

Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

» Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance

Gates of all designs and for all purposes.
Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished.

Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh
and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-
ture—Stable Fittings.

F.E. CARPENTER CO., 2°92 Broadway

New York City

plan to have an opening in the rear, some
distance above the perches, to give a bet-
ter circulation of air. In any case, the
house which is to be used for growing
pullets should be of the fresh-air type;
that is, it should have large window open-
ings without glass. It is well to have doors
covered with poultry wire. Growing pul-
lets can not have too much fresh air and
by being made accustomed to open houses
from the first, they will not suffer if kept
in houses of that type in winter, for they
will grow heavy coverings of feathers. And
fresh air is just as much needed for the
pullets after they become laying hens as
when they are merely chicks.

FLOWERS FOR LATE PLANTING
By E. I. F.

T often happens that no opportunity for

making a garden offers until late in the
season, perhaps as late as the last of June.
In many instances people who have Sum-
mer homes in the country or at the seashore
defer their planting until that time, by vir-
tue of necessity.

Plants started late must be the kinds
which love hot weather or the results will
be most unsatisfactory. There are plenty
of good kinds for late planting, though,
among the best being the portulaca, annual
poppy, mignonette, balsam, and candytuft.
The first named is one of the most obliging
flowers imaginable. The seeds must not be
started until the ground is warm, but they
germinate quickly and flower in a very
short time. The creeping plants spread
rapidly and the plants may be transplanted
when in full flower, apparently without suf-
fering any inconvenience. Very little water
is required and the hottest kind of location
is tolerated. Some of the double portu-
lacas look like little roses and the colors are
very fine. At night the flowers close. Of-
ten the seed is self-sown and new plants
come up year after year. Sometimes the
plant increases too rapidly, for it is a cou-
sin of the common garden weed known as
pusley. Portulacas make handsome _bor-
ders and nothing is more reliable for the
seashore,

The annual poppy is also most obliging,
except for the matter of transplanting. If
the seeds are scattered on a bed or in a
border just before a light rain, nothing fur-
ther in the way of attention will be needed.
The flowers are very attractive with their
brilliant colors and the plants are excellent
for the garden which is started late—or for
any other, for that matter. Candytuft and
mignonette are always popular and are eas-
ily grown in hot weather and when planted
late. In fact, it is well to make a succes-
sion of plantings in order to have flowers
all Summer.

If it is possible to purchase plants, the
petunias, verbenas, four o’clocks, zinnias,
marigolds and pinks may be set in the gar-
den very late and will continue to flourish.
People who go to their Summer homes late
in the Spring and remain late in the Fall
may sow seeds of asters, verbenas, nastur-
tiums, cannas, cockscombs, zinnias and
four o’clocks and still get flowers before the
end of the season in most instances. Of
course, the flowers which mature more
quickly, the started plants, are needed for
immediate blossoming. The kinds named do
not require a great amount of attention and

it is often better to let them grow ina more’

or less natural way on the grounds of the
Summer home, rather than to attempt any
elaborate garden scheme.

% BAY STATE
"YU. s, pat:

Your Concrete and
Stucco Construction

Needs My Coating

My Bay State Brick and
Cement Coating is backed
by twelve years of practical
experience in making a ce-
ment coating. It has been
tried under all sorts of con-
ditions and met all require-
ments.

Years before anyone else had
put a coating on the market
Bay State Brick and Cement
Coating was an established
success. It had been used
on large and small houses,
factory walls and _ factory
floors, on the vats and damp
rooms of textile mills and
breweries. It is the only
coating that | know of that
won't burn when subjected
to heat. It has a flat finish,
doesn’t destroy the texture of
concrete and saves it from
cracking from moisture.

Just write me for our Booklet No. 3.

Give our salesman a good hearing
when he calls. He’s got the goods.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

Incorporated

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

HOTEL VICTORIA

Cor. Dartmouth and Newbury Sts.
@ One half block from Copley Square. Two

minutes walk to Public Library, Trinity
Church and Back Bay Stations. In center
of the Back Bay district, and particularly
accessible for automobilists.

European Plan
THOMAS O. PAIGE, Manager

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

See Be pa 3 ‘
WILSON’S OUTSIDE VENETIANS |

BLIND AND AWNING COMBINED

For town and country houses. Very durable and artistic.
asily operated from inside. Admit air, exclude sun rays.

SPECIAL OUTSIDE VENETIANS

for porches and piazzas, exclude the sun; admit the breeze. |
Virtually make an
outdoor room. Orders {
should be placed }
NOW for Summer }
delivery. !
Write for Venetian |
atalogue
Iso inside Vene-
tians, Rolling Parti-
tions, Rolling Steel
Shutters, Burglar and
Fireproof Steel Cur-
tains, Wood Block

Floors.

JAS. G. WILSON

MFG. CO.
Wilson's Porch and Piazza Blinds 5 w. 29th St., New York

fn. Exclusive fabrics
Made-to-order > of soft, selected
rugs for porch, / > camel’shairwoven
~Jin undyed natu-

bungalow or Wh. ral color. Also
Pe pure woot dyed in

Ai f any color or com-

"y Mo 40 7 bination of colors.

Ss (Gj y Any length. Any

My 4 width—seamless up to

16 feet. The finishing

touch of individuality.

Made on short notice. Write

for color card. Order through

your furnisher.
THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, Auburn, N. Y.

the colors,
we'll maketherug'

BILTMORE NURSERY

Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen Trees,
Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request.

Box 1264 : Biltmore, N. C.

Send for Book of Ready-Built Garages

and Gardeners’ Houses Complete
Artistic designs. Wind and weather proof, Detail and equipment as
desir: Can be erected quickly. Send for catalogue “*H."

E, F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

Best grade cedar canoe for$ 20

Detroit canoes can’t sink

All canoes cedar and copper fastened. We make all
sizes and styles, also power canoes. Write for free catalog,
giving prices with retailer’s profit cut out. We are
the largest manufacturers of canoes in the world.

DETROIT BOAT CO., 262 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich,

ALL

ie ib
a UM PS kinds

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers

Write for Circulars and Prices

Fe E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

Landscape Gardening

Everyone interested in suburban and
country life should know about the
home study courses in Horticulture,
Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, etc.,
which we offer under Prof, Craig and others

of the Department of Horticulture of Cornell
University,

Prof. Craig 7d "Page Catalogue Free Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

GROOMING AND EXERCISE: NECES-
SITIES FOR THE DOG
By T. C. TURNER

VERYONE who keeps a horse knows

the importance of grooming, but few
who keep a dog recognize the value of this
attention to his skin and his coat. No ani-
mal shows his general condition of health
more quickly than the dog through his
coat. It may be noticed that the dog does
not sweat as freely as many other animals.
He has less ability to throw off poisonous
matter, therefore for these and other rea-
sons the care of the skin is of importance.

Grooming should be done according to
the size of the dog, his breed, and the na-
ture of his coat, by means of brushes,
rough gloves, cloths, combs, and particu-
larly by the naked hand. Common sense
will dictate which of the various methods
to resort to, but never neglect the naked
hand for finishing the work. The friction
of vigorous rubbing distributes the blood
and makes possible the oiling of the coat
by nature’s process. A good brushing re-
moves the dust, takes out the dead hair and
frees the skin from dandruff. Every breed-
er for exhibition knows the value of groom-
ing and treatment of the skin, but few who
keep a dog or two recognize its importance.
A well-bred dog could often be much im-
proved by this little additional care. I
speak mainly of the dogs kept more or less
in a state of confinement, not of those who
roam at large on farms or country estates,
as they resort to nature’s methods of cleans-
ing—those of the streams, the grasses, the
clean earth, and except on special occasions
they need little more than a good straw
bed to keep themselves in perfect condition.

Although washing is at times a necessity,
avoid it as much as possible except for
medical purposes, but do not hesitate to re-
sort to it if the coat has become so soiled
that the brush will not remove the dirt.
The danger in washing a dog is that they
are very susceptible to catching cold and
great care is needed after the washing to
prevent this. In starting to wash, always
wet the head with cold water before the
dog is placed in the bath or tub of warm
water; do not wash in any place where the
temperature is less than 60°, dry with cloths
rapidly, avoid any draughts during wash-
ing or after, and when the coat is thorough-
ly dry give the dog a sharp run.

Dogs are peculiarly subject to constipa-
tion, particularly is this the case with those
kept in cities, for under conditions of city
life it is almost impossible for a dog to get
the proper exercise which his system re-
quires. To take a dog out on a lead is a
poor substitute for exercise. Even yards,
though of fair size, are but moderate exer-
cising places. The dog to be kept in the
best condition should have access to the
fields and woods at least once a week, the
more often, the better. By this freedom his
exercise is pleasant, he can romp at will,
and will see more changes and travel more
miles in the space of one hour than you
would ordinarily take him in one week.
The distance such dogs as the terrier varie-
ties will travel when left to their freedom
in pleasant surroundings is astonishing. I
have known terriers that would follow a
horse on a twenty-four mile journey, twelve
miles out and twelve in, and at the very
least they would do another ten miles going
off into the woods, running ahead and com-
ing back on call to follow the horse. They
did not seem to want to rest even when the
horse was put up at the break of the jour-
ney for his midday meal, but when they
returned to the kennels that night it was
for a sound sleep.

WE WANT YOU

to have our catalogue of Garden Furniture
beautifully modeled from Old World Master-

pieces and original designs.

Our models are executed in Pompeian stone, an
artificial product that is practically everlasting. Prices
most reasonable and work guaranteed to be the best.

Writesor Catalogue J. Mailed free upon request.

"ns ERKINS STUDIOS The rates Manufacturers

of Ornamental Stone

230 Lexington Ave.
New York
Factory, Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents
Ricceri Florentine
Terra Cotta

Mahogany Inlaid
Tip Table $5.00

Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer
Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39 W. 8th ST., NEW YORK
q Let us get your furniture and draperies—

30 inches long

will store them free and have repairs an

Hand-made alterations ready when you want

START A STURDY LAWN

—one that will stay beautiful through heat, cold and drought

Don't have a sickly lawn—one that looks thin and scrawny in the
Spring—or that withers to a rusty brown the minute hot, dry
weather comes. Insure yourself of a thick, thrifty lawn that will
resist the ravages of cold, heat, drought and hard service and
keep green and beautiful by sowing.

KALAKA is carefully selected, prime grass seed—mixed with a
strong concentrate of rich manure, that draws moisture, nourishes
the sprouting seed and quickly results in a thrifty, close-knit turf of
surprising hardiness. For renewing and brightening up old lawns,
nothing can equal KALAKA, $1.00 for 5-lb. box, or $1.25 West
of Omaha. FREE BOOKLET. Go to your dealer and ask him
for our valuable Book, ‘‘How to Make a Lawn. If he doesn’t
handle Kalaka, send us his name and we'll send you the book.

258 Exel re A
The Kalaka Co., Union Stock Vande Oniowes

SPECIAL FURNITURE

DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED
TO SUIT SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
LLOYD & RUSSELL

TELEPHONE GREELEY 2707

1 WEST 34TH STREET NEW YORK

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds. Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

Large barrel, freight prepaid
2 WaGon LOADS $4. OO este Missoug River —Cash
i STABLE; : ; with order. Write for in-
Hy teresting booklet and quantity prices.
MaWURE. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, III.

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CoO.

Sote Manuracturen@® wn. NEW HAVEN, CONN,

SaRREL EQUALS

FRANCIS HOWARD

5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.
Benches, Pedestals,

Fonts, Vases, Busts,

Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

Benches Entrances

June, 1912

The “Old Hickory porch”

Its rustic

is the popular one.

charm and enduring comfort make it
the favored spot on summer afternoons
and evenings. Make your summer

comfort complete by fitting your lawn
and porch with genuine

Old Hickory
Furniture.

On the most extensive country estates
in America, as well as in the less pre-
tentious summer homes and cottages,
Old Hickory has made an enviable place
for itself, because it has superior beauty
and gives lasting ease.

May we send the handsome book
on ‘‘Old Hickory Furniture’’ we’ve
prepared for you? It will give 101

all the informalion you’ll need to
make your out-door comfort complete.

The Old Hickory /__

Chair Co. ops
425 South Cherry St. :

Trade Mark

Martinsville, Indiana \°2::"

Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
WN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

AND, OHIO

TROWEL
Makes Garden Work Easy

me Combines Five Useful Garden Implements in One
Pe TROWEL—FORK—HOE—WEEDER—DIBBER

A Labor Saving Article for Garden
or Greenhouse used in Weeding, Digging
Planting and Transplanting
Compact and rigid in any position—built to last
Each tool released by a spring
Send 50c for the
Whole Combination /
’ if your dealer
cannot supply
you.

h Alca Mfg.Co.
\\\ aren if
\ treet

FORK New York

OIBBER iy, WEEDER

HOE: oN

WHAT YOUNG HOUSEHOLDERS
SHOULD KNOW
By MAUDE E. S. HYMERS

HETHER he owns or rents it, there

is much that the young householder
should know about the house he lives in.
The youthful homemaker, setting up his
lares and penates for the first time, may
thoughtlessly imagine that the house should
take care of itself, but time will teach him
his mistake. Regardless of whether the
landlord or himself pays for necessary re-
pairs, something beside the deterioration of
the house, the comfort and health of his
own family, depend on his understanding
of many things that go to make up the
modern home.

The plumbing alone may occasion great
discomfort, from such simple causes as the
exigencies of the weather. Of course every
man cannot be his own plumber, but he can
take such precautions as will make the
plumber’s visits, and the subsequent discom-
forts, few and far between. Let him study
the map of his basement ceiling as an as-
tronomer the heavens, until he knows the
location and destination of every pipe in it.
He should be able not only to distinguish
the gas from the water pipes, but to lay his
finger, in the dark if necessary, on the cut-
off for every pipe there.

Knowing the shut-offs he should also
know when to use them; for instance, on
unusually cold nights when nature indi-
cates a decided drop in temperature, it
would be the part of wisdom to shut off the
intake pipe outside the house. This, fol-
lowed by an opening of faucets and empty-
ing of pipes inside the house, will insure
your having water for the breakfast coffee,
rather than an expensive visit from the
plumber. There is little use, however, in
shutting off the water unless the pipes are
emptied, for enough remains inside them to
cause trouble.

When a frozen pipe is discovered, 1f pos-
sible cut it off fiom the rest of the piping,
open the faucet and wait for the natural
heat of the house to thaw it. If it proves
stubborn, cloths wrung out of hot water may
be applied to the pipe, but always with the
faucet open to permit escape of steam.
Never pour boiling water directly on a
frozen pipe for a break will be inevitable.

When leaving home for some time in
Winter by all means shut off the entire
water supply, lest on your return it come
rushing from the windows and down the
walks to meet you, as actually happened to
an acquaintance of mine, whose house was
flooded from a particularly annoying break.
In Summer take a last look around before
leaving to see that all faucets are turned
tight enough to prevent leakage and conse-
quent rust spots. Emptying the trap of the
toilet to prevent rust is also a good idea, but
a non-corrosive disinfectant should take its
place to prevent the escape of sewer gas.
The first act on returning should be to thor-
oughly flush all openings and air the house
to avoid danger from noxious gases.

At all times be on your guard against
leaks, not only from broken pipes, but from
dripping faucets. The latter may be occa-
sioned by carelessness in only half closing
them, or by deterioration of washers. It
is well to keep on hand a supply of rubber
washers, and renew them whenever a fau-
cet shows any inclination to drip. An ex-
cellent method of repairing small leaks,
pending the arrival of the plumber, is to
bind the pipe about the break with several
thicknesses of cloth, which sprinkle thickly
with plaster of paris. This hardens quickly
into a sort of cement which sometimes stops
the leak indefinitely.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Buy Paint that is Scien- i
tifically Prepared

There’s something of Chemistry and
of Physics in the making of good paint—

To obtain a product so combined as
to make a paint of greatest adhesive
and cohesive properties that will resist
the destructive weather elements re-
quires scientific knowledge

In making

—The Paint of Performance

All materials are subject to chemical analysis,
and the paints are submitted to practical
weather tests. That's why each color is always
the same—the consistency is so uniform—why
the paint gives long wear and good protection
from the elements.

“MeLectone,

is the most beautiful of all flat wall finishes,
and is washable, hygienic and durable. Send
for color cards.

SEND FOR OUR BOOKLETS

Buy from your local High Standard dealer.
If you don’t know him we will tell you who he
is. Let us also send you our books ‘‘Homes
Attractive from Gate to Garret,” ““Harmony
in Color’? (both free). ‘‘Good Homes by
Good Architects”’ 25 cents in stamps.

The Lowe Brothers Co.
469 E. Third St., Dayton, O.

Boston New York
Chicago Kansas City

Lowe Bros., Ltd.
Toronto, Can.

Sheep’s H ad Brand

PULVERIZED

Sheep Manure

Nature’s Own Plant Food. Ideal for all crops;
especially adapted for lawns, golf courses and
estates. Growers of nursery stock, small fruits,
hedges and gardeners generally will find Sheep's
Head Brand the best fertilizer. Contains large
percentage of Humus and all fertilizing substances
necessary to promote Plant life. Tests place it
far ahead of chemical or other fertilizers. Readily
applied to the soil. Let us quote you prices.

Send for our book, “ Fertile Facts”

Tells how to fertilize the soil so that productive crops may be
raised. Special matter for lawn and market gardeners, Florists,
Nurserymen and Farmers. Sent FREE if you mention
this Magazine.

NATURAL GUANO COMPANY
Dept. 10 , 301 Montgomery Avenue, Aurora, III,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

wie

possessing them.

Chicago
Philadelphia. .1128 Walnut Street
Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St.,E.
Pittsburgh.... ..106 Sixth Street
St. Louis....100 N. Fourth Street
Cincinnati........+ 663 Walnut St.

eo vamtlan’

GUARANTEED
PLUMBING
FIXTURES

VERY night is tub night when “Standard” Fixtures are
inthe home. The delight which the convenience, beauty ™J
and refinement of “Standard” Fixtures create in the use of
the bathroom makes daily bathing the rule in every home

Children especially are drawn to cleanli-

ness by the appeal of their attractiveness.
to time and use makes their purchase the most econom-
ical of all the homebuilder’s expenditures.

Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home and
for School, Office Buildings, Public Institu-
tions, etc., are identified by the Green and
Gold Label, with the exception of one brand
of baths bearing the Red and Black Label,
which, while of the first quality of manufac-
ture, have aslightly thinner enameling, and
thus meet the requirements of those who

Standard Sanitary ‘Mfg.Co. Dept. 23

Nashville.....
New Orleans,
Montreal, Can

Louisville........ 319-23 W. Main Street

Cleveland....
Hamilton,Can

Their resistance

demand ‘Standard’ quality at less expense.
All “Standard” fixtures, with care, will last a
lifetime. And no fixture is genuine w/ess it
bears the guarantee label. In order to avoid
the substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
“Standard” goods in writing (not verbally)
and make sure that you get them.

PITTSBURGH, PA.

London....53 Holborn Viaduct, E.C.
Houston, Tex., Preston and Smith Sts.
San Francisco. .Metropolis Bank Bldg.
Washington, D. C.....Southern Bldg.
Toledo, Ohio..... 311-321 Erie Street
Fort Worth, Tex., Front and Jones Sts.

-315 Tenth Avenue, So.
Baronne & St. Joseph Sts.
Raprietitec 215 Coristine Bldg.
John Hancock Bldg.

..648 Huron Road, S. E.
.++++20-28 Jackson St.,W.

‘,

Latest Garden Decoration

Although the “latest” of our time and country, this
Gazing Globe is the oldest feature in classic outdoor

decoration.

Not a Roman Villa or a Grecian Garden

was thought complete without this strange and magic

reflector of the sky and landscape.

THE GARDEN
GAZING GLOBE

is a ball of crystal mounted upon a terra-
cotta pedestal of Pompeian design, chaste
and attractive. The whole is a marvelous
kaleidoscopic picture of the ever changing
beauty of the out-of-doors. Sunset, moon-
rise, clouds—all nature caught and held
within your line of vision.

Whatever your surroundings of small or
ample space, ornate or simple, this crystal
globe will find a uniqueand charming place.

Diameter of Globe - i
Height of Pedestal - 36 inches
idth of Base - - 14 inches

Write today for illustrated descriptive

circular and prices.

STEWART-CAREY GLASS CO.

Indianapolis, Indiana

5 inches

ale

Stow

«venient, than larger lamps forgetfully left

To permit a leak to continue because of
the plumber’s bill, is mistaken economy,
since it is only “robbing Peter to pay Paul,”
the increased water bill eating up the saving.
It has been estimated that a leak the size of
an ordinary hatpin will waste about a thou-
sand gallons of water in twenty-four hours ;
while one as large as a knitting needle
would increase the bill by three thousand
gallons of water in the course of a day.

The furnace coil is another source of
possible trouble. In localities where the
water contains much lime the pipes will
gradually fill with deposit as does a teaket-
tle, until nearly or quite full. This will be
indicated by heavy, pounding noises in the
pipes, and should be regarded as a warning
to have the coil removed for a new one. The
average life of a furnace coil under such
conditions is three years only, and it is un-
wise to risk it longer. In case it is not at-
tended to there will some day be a small
explosion, with emptying of the water tank
through the fire box, much steam and a
cellar full of ashes and water, not to men-
tion the fright given the members of the
household.

Of course when this happens the first
move should be to shut off the pipe to the
water tank; if this is not located the intake
pipe must be shut off, which means that all

| the water in the house piping will proceed

to empty itself in your cellar, via the fur-
nace; hence the wisdom of being personally
acquainted with the various cut-offs.

The cleaning of the furnace is another
matter not to be overlooked, since clogged
air pipes will increase the consumption of
coal, while it is still impossible to raise the
temperature of the house to the desired
point.

Even with a furnace properly cared for,
on windy days it will be found difficult to
heat the rooms on the side of the house
from which the wind comes. Especially is
this true of a hot-air furnace, where it
seems that the wind pushes the hot air back
into the pipes so that they sometimes grow
cold to the touch. A cold pipe cannot be
induced to warm a room, hence it may be-
come necessary to first heat the pipe. This
may be done by shutting off all the others
for a few moments and forcing all the hot
air into the cold pipe until it becomes warm,
when the hot air will flow through it again.
Sometimes outside heat is necessary, such
as holding a lighted lamp beneath it.

Where the house has electric light ser-
vice this difficulty can be permanently over-
come by installing an electric fan with ten
or twelve-inch blades in the pipe between
the cold air intake and the furnace; the con-
trolling switch being conveniently located
on the first floor. The use of the fan will
force air through all the pipes and insure
an even heating of the rooms, with perfect
circulation. The cost of running such a
fan is not great; only about that of an eight
candle power light.

With hot-air and hot-water furnaces also

comes the question of dry air in the living

rooms. Most hot-air furnaces have a small
tank beneath, which when kept filled with
water insures moisture in the air above.
The filling should on no account be neg-
lected. If there is no such tank small pails
of water may be hung in the registers, or
jardinieres on top of the radiators.

In electrically lighted homes it is possible
to cut the bills somewhat by substituting
four candle power lamps for larger ones
wherever possible; such as at the head of
cellar stairs, in halls, bathrooms, etc. Here
only light enough to see one’s way about is
necessary, and a small light left burning
will cost no more, and be much more con-

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vii

burning half of the time. This is true also
of gas lights, where burners having pull
chain fixtures, allowing a flicker of light
to serve as a torch, are substituted for com-
mon ones.

Burned-out wires in bulbs are a large
expense, but these may be mended if only
one wire is broken. To do this attach the
bulb to a drop light, turn on the electricity
and hold the bulb between yourself and the
light, shaking it gently back and forth. The
broken ends will meet and the current weld
the wires together again.

lf gas is the lighting system it is even
more necessary to know the location of the
pipes, the shutting off of the flow of gas at
the opportune moment having often pre-
vented serious fires. ;

It is also even more important to beware
of leaks, not only in consideration of the
pocketbook but the health of the family.
Never, however, make the mistake of look-
ing for a leaky gas pipe with a light. The
nose and the ear should be sufficient guides ;
after which try smearing the suspected spot
with a thick paste of soapsuds. If bubbles
form in the paste you may be sure there is
a leak there, which should at once be at-
tended to regardless of expense.

COSMOS TILL CHRISTMAS

N the country about New York, blossom

time offers such a wealth of floral loveli-
ness and the season of sere leaf and gusts
of snow is so niggardly in this respect, that
some method by which blooms may come
fresh from wintry gardens to brighten in-
door life at Christmastide, is well worth
knowing.

The flowers which so rewarded my care
were white and pink cosmos, of which I
cut enough just before Christmas to adorn
two rooms and the foyer with six large
bunches. By changing the water in which
they stood and clipping the ends of the
long stems each day these dainty blossoms
lasted for more than two weeks, buds open-
ing constantly to add a fresh supply of
blooms.

The secret of my beautiful harvest of
cosmos lay in the fact that my garden is
situated on the southern slope of a thickly
wooded mountain and the portion of it in
which I planted cosmos was further pro-
tected by an angle to the north and north-
west formed by a tall hedge of privet and
the house. Back of some terrace beds of
perennials I planted, late in Spring, a thick
border of cosmos to form a delicate back-
ground of green for blossoms of various
sorts until chrysanthemums finished the
season in November.

My cosmos were of two heights, the
taller variety spreading thick symmetrical
branches some seven or eight feet above the
terrace. They commenced blooming pro-
fusely early in the Autumn and continued
to blossom through snows that several
times froze full-blown flowers but never
seemed to injure buds or plants, until a
storm that threatened unusual severity de-
cided me to cut every budding branch and
bloom a few days before Christmas.

The earth in which my cosmos were
planted consisted of unfertile native red
clay and pebbles mixed well with a com-
post of rotted manure and leaves, and the
plants were said to exceed in height, spread
and thickness of branches and quantity of
bloom any in that vicinity.

The same fortune which attended the
cosmos prompted red, straw-colored and
white chrysanthemums, which were planted
in a border against the southern side of the
house as well as in front of the cosmos, to
yield blooms until early in December.

Your trees
~ will not die of old
age but of neglect or
of mistreatment from in-
experienced men who wield
_an axe and saw with heartless
indifference. The tree here
shown was a big tree when George
Washington was president. It was dying
of neglect when Davey Tree Experts gave
it a new lease of life. Thousands of other
trees with either a sentimental or money value
have been saved by Davey Tree Experts. The
cost In many cases was no more than the cost
of removing dead trees.

Davey as Experts
Oo

for trees what trained surgeons do for human beings. They
render the greatest service possible, because they are trained
in the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery, founded by John
Davey. They carry credentials proving them qualified.
Demand to see these credentials before you let any man touch
your trees. All graduates are employed by the Davey Tree
Expert Company. WE NEVER LET GOOD MEN GO.
Your trees may be unsound and yet appear sound. They
may have weak crotches. The first high wind will blow
them over. Loss of property and life may result.
If you want to save your trees write to-day for our
free book. Be sure to mention how many trees you
have and their kind. If agreeable to you we will
make an expert examination of your trees with-
out obligation on your part. Address

The Davey Tree Expert Co.,

230 Root Street, Kent, Ohio

Branch Offices:
New York, N. Y., Chicago, IIl., Toronto, Ont.

Canadian Address:
630 Conf. Life Building, Toronto

Representatives

Available
Every-

where

JOHN DAVEY
Father of Tree Surgery

Farr’s Fancy Bulbs
Imported to Order

If you send me your order before July Ist] can import
Tulips, Daffodils, or Hyacinths specially for you, and
deliver the bulbs about the middle of September.

The finest bulbs can be secured only by ordering early,
| and for this reason! give a _ special discount of 10 per
| cent. on all orders received before July Ist.

I will fill orders after July ist, but] cannot guarantee

such high quality bulbs.

Send for my Bulb Book and learn about my plan; then
make your selection at once, so that you may be sure of
receiving Holland's finest bulbs for your garden.

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS
RUSTIC WORK

Catalog of many designs on request

North Shore Ferneries Company,
Beverly, Massachusetts

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

It takes many years to

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
643E Penn Street, Reading, Pa.

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Spring Price List gives complete information.
Box CHESTNUT HILL
ANDORRA NURSERIE N PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

Vill

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

Spencer Turbine
Vacuum Gleaners

have recently been chosen for the largest vacuum
cleaning installation in the world—
Nineteen machines for the General Hospital
Buildings, Cincinnati, Ohio

Proven superiority in efficiency, simplicity and durability of the Spencer
Turbine Cleaners makes them logical installations for the great buildings of

today and the greater buildings of tomorrow
The mammoth
Banker's

with Spencers,
Spencer Turbine Cleaners in the basement have pipes running up through
the building to each floor, with hose attachment for cleaning.
are made in 12 sizes, from 42 H. P

Woolworth Bu id ine—tallest
Trust, both being erected in New York City, are being equipped

z ! ., l-sweeper, to 40 H.
capecity—for the smallest residence or the tallest skyscraper.

in the world—and the

Machines

P., 16 sweepers

On request a free Catalog and list of
Installations will be furnished as references.

‘—., Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company
638 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, Conn.

Branch offices or Selling Agencies tn all Principal Cities

Cornell Sectional Cottages

. Complete

Painted Ready-to Set Up

Garages, Stores, Churches, Schoolhouses, Playhouses, Studios, etc.
for handling and are quickly and easily erected simply by bolting sections together.
is not necessary to set them up, as all sections are numbered and everything fits.
class material in the largest and best portable house factory in America.

Built in sections, convenient
Skilled labor
Built of first

Buildings are substantial

and as durable as if built on the ground by local contractors. Are handsomer and COST

MUCH LESS. We build houses to meet every requirement, We pay freight.
by mail on receipt of 4c. stamps. Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co., 410 Lehigh St., Ithaca, N.Y.

Att catalog

HEAVY LOAD ON
A HOT DAY

NO PLAYTIME
FOR HER

IN NEED OF
FRESH AIR

SUGGESTIONS

A lawn sociable by
your class, Sunday
school or club.

A card party at your
summer hotel or
camp.

A subscription
among your friends.

A list of people to
whom we may send
either this appeal,
or others similar to
it, without mention-
ing your name.

THE BATHING HOUR AT SEA BREEZE

FROM STIFLING TENEMENT TO
SEASHORE AND COUNTRY

Do you know that the New Yorker living below
Fourteenth Street has an average of only 18 square feet
of breathing space? Can you imagine anyone more in
need of fresh air outings than these dwellers in sultry
homes, hemmed in by scorching pavements >

Neither opportunity nor money is theirs with which
to seek pure air. For them fresh breezes and outdoor
freedom are made impossible by congestion. Every
penny of their small earnings goes to satisfy pressing needs.

Mothers, children and babies, broken with toil, ill-
nurtured, or frail, appeal through us to you for a bit of
sunshine and relief from care in the country, or at Sea
Breeze, our seashore Home at Coney Island.

Wou'd you not enjoy your vacation more if you
knew that you were enabling or helping
A convalescent mother to regain lost health?

A worn-out widow and her children to be care-free for a week
or two?

An aged and friendless woman to gain new life and cheer?
A weary shop girl to enjoy a glorious week of freedom?
An under-nourished baby to get fresh air and pure milk?

An anemic school boy or girl to win a new start for the next
year ?

Won't you help them? The trouble of sending a
contribution is nothing compared to the joy that it will
bring to some of these stifling homes.

NEW YORK ASSOCIATION FOR IMPROVING
THE CONDITION OF THE POOR

R. FULTON CUTTING, PrREsiDEN?

A “DIP IN THE TENEMENT DISTRICT

A HAPPY LITTLE
MOTHER

WHO SAID WE ARE
AFRAID?

HOW THE WAVES TICKLE
MY FEET

Send contributions to

ROBERT SHAW MINTURN

Room 207
105 East 22nd Street
New York City

Treasurer —

ANTECEDENTS OF THE FIRELESS
COOKER

HE first definite mention of the fact

that food could be cooked without con-
tinual heating is said to have been made by
the great chemist Justus von Liebig, in
the year 1847, although Juvenil, the Roman
poet, informs us that the basket which con-
stituted the sole house furniture of the poor
Jewish beggar woman of Rome was filled
with hay for the purpose of keeping warm
the bits of food which were given to the
beggars.

The action of a fireless cooker depends
upon the fact that a non-conductor of heat
surrounding a cooking yessel prevents loss
of heat from any material which is put
into the vessel in a hot condition, so that
the material to be cooked remains for a
long time at a high temperature and be-
comes “done” without further heating. In
the.case where a certain food requires an
average time of four hours’ cooking it is
only required of a fireless cooker that it
retain sufficient heat for that length of time
without allowing the temperature to fall
below 70 deg. Cent.

Sixty years ago the peasants of Baden
were accustomed to the use of the so-called
hay box, a simple box provided with a lid
and filled with straw, in which the farmers
placed hot food in the morning for their
dinner in the harvest fields at noon.

In certain other European districts one
will occasionally find the practice of wrap-
ping cooked food in cloth and placing it in
the still warm bed to remain until the next
meal time. In the middle of the last cen-
tury the hay box of the peasants of Baden
found its way to Paris, where it under-
went various modifications in which other
poor conductors of heat were employed in
place of hay. At the World’s Fair in Paris
(1867) there was exhibited a fireless cooker
under the name of “Cuisine automatique
norvegienne.” In this fireless cooker the
non-conducting material consisted of cheap
Norwegian fur.

The first public manufacturer of fireless
cookers was Johann Heinrich Meidenger
of Carlsruhe, who made many experiments
on the heat conductivity of the walls of
ice boxes. He found that finely chopped
hair, wool, hay and shavings were good in-
sulators for the purpose. Meidenger’s fire-
less cookers astonished the German public
to a degree which we can scarcely compre-
hend. The action of an old box in which
anyone could within three or four hours,
cook food without fire was regarded as
downright inexplicable.

The first quoted price for fireless cookers
was 22.5 francs (about $4.50).

The fireless cooker has been the means
of effecting important changes in certain
industries of Berlin, notably the cigarette
industry, in which both men and women
were employed. It was the custom in this
industry to allow the women to cease work
an hour or so before lunch time in order
that they might have an opportunity of pre-
paring a warm meal for their husbands
and families, who were frequently co-
workers. Employers on hearing of the fire-
less cooker introduced it to their work peo-
ple, and by persuading them to adopt it
made it possible for the married women
workers to remain at work an equal length
of time with their husbands, since the
workers could bring their lunch with them
and have it smoking hot at lunch time.

Certain of the German State railroads
have provided certain classes of their em-
ployees with fireless cookers in order that
they might have warm food without the
necessity of leaving their posts.

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND ,GARDENS ix

Like ayard with shade
treesandshrubbery, cool,
seclusive and inviting, is
the porch screened from
the blazing sun with

Burlington

Venetian Blinds

You can easily fit your porch
with Burlington Venetian Blinds,
and you can readily adjust the
blinds at an angle that will allow
free circulation and yet keep out

e hot sun.

Write for FREE,

Illustrated Booklet
This booklet will show you that
your porch can be that which

it ought to be—your summer
living room.

Burlington Venetian Blind Co.
339 Lake St., Burlington, Vt.

5-Passenger Touring Car—110-inch Wheelbase
$850

Standard Model - -
Model EE - - $900

R-C-H-Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

Do you know what kind of a house you want
for your own home? ‘The Colonial type, or the
| Spanish Mission, or the Swiss chalet, the Italian
i villa, or those of the Dutch Colonial type, or the
half-timber house? Here is a book that will |
j familiarize you with all the distinct styles now |
; used for country homes. Each chapter 1s written }
4 by a prominent architect from the point of view of |
an enthusiast. Illustrated with photographs and |
plans. Price, $2 net; postage, 20 cents.
Concrete and Stucco Houses
By Oswald C. Hering

The time is approaching when it will be cheaper |
to build of concrete, the fireproof material, than of
You cannot look at the superb illustrations }
in this book without being convinced that a con- }

wood.

crete house, properly designed, is not only the |

most durable but among the most beautiful of |
Illustrated with photographs, diagrams |

buildings.
and floor plans, with colored frontispiece.
$2 net; postage, 20 cents.
The Half-Timber House
By Allen W. Jackson

Price,

Mr. Jackson contends that this half-timber style }

of home with its contrast of dark beams against
the light plaster, is our rightful heritage, more so
than Colonial or any other style. And he makes
you know the half-timber house so intimately—its
idiosyncracies, its characteristic detail—that it is
very easy to believe as he does. Illustrated with
photographs, diagrams and floor plans, with colored
frontispiece. Price, $2 fet; postage, 20 cents.

The House and Garden “Making” Books

Each 50 cents net; postage, 5 cents.

A brand new series of practical handbooks.

Each by an authority on some important feature

§ of the country or suburban home.
Making a Tennis Court Making the Grounds At-
Making a Poultry House tractive with Shrubbery
Making a Water Garden Making Paths and Drive-
Making a2 Garden to Bloom ways
this Year Making a Rock Garden
Send for complete list of titles
Vour bookseller can supply you

> McBRIDE, NAST & CO.
Union Sige Wey York

House & Garden

Travel

THE ANTIQUE COLLECTING
INSTINCT

By ROBERT LEONARD AMES

ERHAPS the antiquarian, like the poet,
Pi born and not made. The spirit of
the true collector will take him into all sorts
of places—into the bypaths as well as the
highways—for he has learned that in even
the most unpromising spots a treasure may
be discovered. Possibly the collecting in-
stinct may direct him, for if it be that the
true journalist is gifted with the “nose for
news” it is quite as logical to suppose that
like intuitions in others may be equally
keen.

Who could think of a field for collect-
ing, more unprofitable than the homes of
the very poor of the lower East side of
New York city?—and yet here one collec-
tor discovered the most beautiful pieces of
old metal work which formed the greater
part of a vast collection of brasses, samo-
vars, candelabra, and many other objects
of wondrous beauty. The writer remem-
bers visiting this great collection late one
Winter afternoon. In a long and lofty room
of an old New York house the walls had
been covered with a fabric of a rich, deep
brown. The woodwork had been painted
and rubbed down to an old ivory tone and
amid this beautiful setting was arranged
a dazzling array of brass, old braziers with
richly perforated covers from Portugal or
Spain; milk cans and warming pans with
lids etched and pierced, from Holland or
Belgium; candlesticks of every size and
period and from every country, and the
most wonderful objects—lamps and other
religious emblems which must have been
for generations the houshold treasures of
the Dispersed of Judah. The effect of this
bewildering variety of metal, softly pol-
ished to a velvety surface, with the after-
noon sun cast upon it, is a recollection ever
to be enjoyed. ies

Into our great cities is poured each year
a vast horde of immigrants from the older
countries of Europe. These people arrive
with the tenacity of ideas which has come
down to them through long centuries of
poverty and oppression, but a subtle some-
thing in the atmosphere of the land of the
free seems to cause a sudden change in
their attitude and this, of course, affects
their methods and modes of living. They
try, perhaps quite naturally, to become part
of the life which they find about them and
begin almost immediately to adopt the
styles of dress which they see suggested in
the shop windows and are quite willing to
discard the costumes in which they reached
Ellis Island, for the cheap finery they see
worn upon the street. These altered ideas
soon find expression in their willingness to
sell their treasures and heirlooms for what
will give more enjoyment, and right here
is the opportunity for the careful collector
to secure what to him are the most beauti-
ful objects. The poor from Russia are
soon ready to dispose of their icons and
antique brasses, their samovars and such
strange, semi-barbaric jewelry as their pov-
erty has left to them. The women from
Italy are eager to exchange their filet laces,
embroidery and bright colored shawls for
paltry furbelows, and the Norwegians see
little of value in their carved wood and old
pewter, when their sale will procure some
of the hideous household furnishings which
they see on sale everywhere, and which
they think are examples of American taste.

An antique dealer was once asked where
he obtained the wonderful and beautiful
things which crowded his shop. He re-
plied that he imported but few antiques,
but that he or his agents are continually

Has Set a New Standard ||

for Wicker Furniture i
THE WORLD’S LEADER

Ask your dealer

New Booklet, No. 237, upon request.

PRAIRIE GRASS FURNITURE CO. &

Sole Manufacturers
Long Island New York

Glendale

Permanent, never
cracks nor yellows.
Gives a_ porcelain-like
finish without trace of
brush-mark.

Send for Free Booklet

and Panel Finished with Viiralite

—judge for yourself. If your dealer
hasn't Vitralite, write us at

Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y.;
in Canada, 63 Courtwright Street,

a= Bridgeburg, Ont.
PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES

AMERICAN FACTORIES ForReiGN Factories

NewYone Burro Gmeaco ESTABLISHED O60 YEARS Pons

DON Paris
BripGesurG CANADA AMBUR

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
water. Paddock Water Filters are placed at the
inlet and

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

In New Yor ity
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

Hide the Garbage,
Ashes and Waste

Keep them unseen or un-
smelt underground or below
floor.

No litter, no chance for flies, cats or dogs
—no danger of fire or infection with

Underground

Ske

FRace wane

RECEIVERS

Also Underground Earth Closet with Portable
Steel House— protects water supply of
farm or camp. Other practical
articles of the Stephenson Line.

9 years on the market
It pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for booklets
C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.

21 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The Tree System— Lhe Bell System

NOBLE tree thrives because the

leaves, twigs, branches, trunk and
roots are all working together, each
doing its part so that all may live.

Neither the roots nor the branches
can live without the other, and if the
trunk is girdled so that the sap cannot
flow, the whole tree dies.

The existence of the tree depends not
only onthe activity of all the parts, but
upon their being always connected to-
gether in the “tree system.”

This is true also of that wonderful
combination of wires, switchboards,
telephones, employes and subscribers
which helps make up what is called the
Bell Telephone System.

It is more than the vast machinery of
communication, covering the country
from ocean to ocean. Every part is
alive, and each gives additional useful-
ness to every other part.

The value of telephone service de-
pends not only on the number of tele-
phones, but upon their being always
connected together, as in the Bell System.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

Sample and
Circular
Free

One System

Universal Servicr

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and

VERTICAL SECTION,

keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY

June, 1912

buying from the foreigners who have but
recently arrived and who are being “Ameri-
canized.” His reply may suggest many an
idea to the discriminating antiquarian for
after all a very large part of the pleasure of
collecting is in the experience which it in-
volves. The pleasure of collecting in Eu-
rope is being ruined by the unscrupulous
frauds which are being perpetrated almost
everywhere. Not long since the American
consul at one of the continental cities, felt
obliged to warn tourists from America of
the trickery which was being widely prac-
tised, and when one remembers the wiles
of some antique dealers at home, he can
readily understand the ease with which
such frauds are managed abroad where a
certain foreign setting lends more than
usual attractiveness and plausibility to the
wares. Then, too, Americans are often
willing to delude themselves into supposing
that what they see abroad must be really
old, and they seem to have a genius for be-
ing imposed upon.

Not long since a New York woman pur-
chased a great number of the really beauti-
ful gilded glass objects on sale in Venice;
she did not suppose them to be old for she
could see them being made at the works at
Murano, but she thought it would be im-
possible to purchase the articles in America
at any price. And yet the same wares and
in many cases the identical patterns are
on sale in the china and glass departments
of many American stores.

Everyone knows, or has heard, of the
“salting” of antiques abroad and particu-
larly in England and in Scotland. An en-
terprising dealer in reproductions from
London or Edinburg, will “consign” cer-
tain coffers, chests, benches or gate-leg
tables to farmhouses or inns much visited
by tourists. These inns or farmhouses are,
of course ancient, and their picturesque
names and signs have been landmarks for
centuries, while their quaint interiors form
a fitting background for the interesting,
beautiful, but not antique furnishings,
which have been “consigned.” A number of
young Americans were once having ale and
cheese at a picturesque little inn in Devon-
shire; one of the party was attracted by the
beauty of the little table at which they were
sitting and jokingly asked if it were for
sale. He was surprised at the ease with
which it was secured and it was triumphant-
ly carried away in their motor car; but a
few weeks later he found an exact dupli-
cate installed in its place and still later on
he discovered many such tables in similar
taverns and inns,

BREAD OF THE VIKING AGE

R. SCHNITTGER, professdr at Stock-

holm University, has made an interest-
ing find relating to the remote past of his
country at Ljunga, in Eastern Gothland,
viz., some bread dating from the time of the
Vikings. Microscopical examination has
shown this bread to be made from pine
bark and pea meat, thus proving the fact
that peas were growh in Sweden as far
back as a thousand years ago. Archzeologi-
cal excavation has so far brought to light
only a few specimens of bread dating from
ancient or prehistoric times. The few
loaves excavated in Egypt and in Swiss lake
dwellings are of the highest archeological
interest. In the northern countries only one
or two finds of this kind have so far béen

*made, foremost among which should be

mentioned a corn-meal loaf dating from the.
fourth century A. D., which was discovered
by Dr. Schnittger in 1908 in connection
with the excavation of Boberg castle.

June, 1912

eS ASI sera

ANIERIT CAN FOMES AND GARDENS xi

« THE JULY NUMBER

HE midsummer number of AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS will be one of the most attractive issues of
the year, full of excellent material of the deepest interest
to every homemaker and beautifully illustrated from cover
to cover. Indeed, the Editor is constantly in receipt of
letters from the magazines and others complimenting
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS on its remarkable illus-

trations, expressing some wonderment that it is possible to:

make each succeeding issue as handsome as the one pre-
ceding. As the magazine not only selects the finest photo-
graphs available but likewise has its own direct photographic
staff, it is possible to present to its readers illustrated
features unsurpassed by any other magazine in the field of
periodicals devoted to homemaking.
HE magazine knows what to place before its readers
because its editorial policy keeps it closely in touch with
them. In its various departments AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS seeks not so much to keep its readers informed
of novelties as it does to present old truths with vital
emphasis. The articles that appear in these departments
are essays worth reading, not only by reason of their sub-
ject matter but also because they are all well written.
N the department Within the House, the matter of the
interior of the house, large or small, its decoration, fur-
nishing, papering, painting, flooring, plumbing, lighting,

heating, etc., comprises a field in which the articles that
appear in AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS stand un-.
rivalled.

UMMER and Winter there is no abatement
interest in horticultural matters shown by our readers,
because month by month AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
prints the best gardening articles that can be procured that
will be of definite value to the home-builder and home-
maker. In this connection the regular department, dround
the Garden, is of especial value to every reader of the mag-
azine.
HE ideal of the American home is not the pretentious
estate that is merely a show-place requiring an army
of servants for its upkeep. Instead, the home and the gar-
den of the man of moderate means more nearly approach
the true- conception of the American ‘ideal. Therefore
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is eagerly read by the
housewife as well as by other members of the family by
reason of the attention it gives to small houses and to the
many matters within her province. In every issue appears
FHlelps to the Housewife, a department conducted by Eliza-
beth Atwood, one of the highest authorities on home econo-
mics. American mothers, and fathers as well, can ill af-
ford to miss reading her essays on home topics.
HE July number will have for its opening article a de-
scription of a delightful Massachusetts country home,
showing exteriors and interiors. An interesting article on a
little studied phase of Furniture will appear under the same
authorship, Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Abbott Mc-
Clure, followed by Adelia Belle Beard’s article on The
American Pageant. Several small houses are illustrated
and described in this issue, accompanied by their plans. The

in the -

double-page feature will be one of the handsomest that has
appeared in the magazine this year.

HE July issue will give especial emphasis to the sub-

ject of The Isolated Power Plant in an excellent article
by Jonathan Rawson, and to Plumbing fixtures in an inter-
esting and valuable article by Robert Cowie. Other features
that will appear in this July issue cannot fail to commend
the magazine to every homemaker in America.

SCHOOLS OF PRINTING

UTSIDE of England (under the influence of William

Morris and those following in his steps) and, later,
Germany, no other country has given so much interest to
the study of printing and typography as has America, de-
spite the fact that foreign runic have, perhaps paid more
attention to the subject of the appearance of unillustrated
books than have we in this country. However, the interest
in printing to which the Editor refers is that which affects
Americans at large, and a few months ago Mr. John Cot-
ton Dana, in an address before the Harvard Graduate
School of Business Administration, called attention to the
rapid development of schools of printing in the United
States. In addition to the Harvard School, the Inland
Printing Technical School in Chicago, Mr. Dana called
attention to the printing course in connection with the School
of Journalism at the State University of Washington, the
printing course at the United States Indian School, Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, the North End Union School of Printing in
Boston, the printing course of the New York Trade School
in New York city, the Columbus Trade School, Columbus,
Ohio, and the printing course in the Cleveland Elementary
Industrial School. In addition to these, one might call at-
tention to the practical courses of instruction at Tuskegee,
at the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute in Mississippi,
and other institutions. ‘This awakening interest in the printing
trades industrial education is one which everyone should be
glad to note, and it should receive the attention of all per-
sons interested in industrial education, for in this matter of
printing better facilities should be open to all our youth.

SUBSCRIBERS’ OWN GARDENS

MONG tthe subscribers of AMERICAN HoMES AND

GARDENS are many who are especially interested in
their gardens. With this in mind AMERICAN -HIOMES AND
GARDENS offers $10 to the subscriber who sends us the best
photograph or set of photographs of his or her own gar-
den, accompanied by an account of its planning, planting,
care, etc., which description should be between six and eight
hundred words. All manuscripts and photographs should
be plainly marked with sender’s name and address and ac-
companied by postage for return. ‘The articles and photo-
graphs must be submitted before September 1, 1912. Other
garden photographs and descriptions of interest will, if
retained by the Editor, be paid for at the magazine’s regu-
lar rates.

The article, ‘“Hints on Using Copper on Outside Building
Work” appearing in March number of AMERICAN Homes
AND GARDENS was incorrectly ascribed to A. C. Varian in-
stead of to Charles K. Farrington, its author.

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1912

Hardware

No feature of building is more important than harmonizing the
finishing and decorating with the architecture of the various rooms.

No feature of the finishing is more important than the refine-
ment and beauty of the hardware employed.

Good architects are invariably acquainted with Sargent Hard-
ware and the Sargent care of little details, beauty. of finish,
authenticity of period design and reliability of construction.

In Sargent Hardware every detail, every piece even of
the least important display is given scrupulous attention.
lt is correct. It is in harmonious keeping. with its
more prominent companion pieces. — It is
practical in service.

Write for the illustrated book of
Sargent Designs. Also for the Sar-
gent Colonial Book illustrating pat-
terns of thisperiod. Both sent free
on request. Then confer with your
- architect to insure an harmonious
selection.

Lane Steel Beam Hangers

oe )

Lane Double Hangers

Lane “D” Hanger Lane “B” Hanger

LANE BROS. CO., 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

GIRDLING GRAPE VINES
By E. 1. F.

N sections where early frosts interfere

with the growing of early grapes, it is a
common custom to girdle the vines, by
which means the time of ripening is has-
tened from three to five days. The work is
done by taking out a ring of the bark be-
low the fruit an inch or less in width, a
sharp knife being passed around the cane
twice and the bark then peeled off. The
result of this treatment is that the elabor-
ated sap beyond the point girdled does not
return to form cane or root, but is taken
up by the fruit increasing its size as well
as causing it to ripen earlier than under
ordinary conditions.

Discretion must be used when this plan
is followed, and enough of the canes left
ungirdled so that the development of the
root system and the making of new canes
for the next year’s fruiting will not be in-
terfered with. After the crop has been
gathered the girdled canes are cut away.

The time for performing the girdling
operation is from July 1st to September
1st, but the earlier the better, as a rule. The
work is easily and quickly done and the
plan is worth trying if it will save the
grapes from being caught by frosts.

Another plan practiced by grape growers
and commended to amateurs is the bagging
of a number of the choicest clusters. An
ordinary paper bag will answer and the
three-pound size is commonly used. The
bags may be fastened about the stem with
a bit of twine or with pins. Grapes treated
in this fashion mature deliciously and are
free from the attacks of birds and other
pests. If orioles are plentiful they often
do much damage in the grape arbor by
piercing the fruit with their bills. Bag-
ging is a perfect protection.

CATALOGUING EARTHQUAKES

WRITER in the New York Evening

Post points out that “the modern seis-
mographs scattered about the world record
about eighty-two earthquakes a day, or ap-
proximately 30,000 each year. Most of
them, 99.8 per cent., to be exact, are sien
slight trembles as to be of no importance.
This leaves some sixty a year worth re-
cording. Several elaborate and painstaking
efforts have been made to compile complete
records of the world’s quakes since very
early times. The late Robert Mallet and
his son made such a list, extending back to
1600 B. C., or thereabouts, and the Count
de Montessus de Bellore of Chili has col-
lected records of 140,000 earthquakes. The
futility of the attempt at completeness is
obvious when it is remembered that at the
present rate of 30,000 a year there must
have been about 6,000,000 quakes since the
Christian era began.

“Tt has been possible, however, to make a
seismic record covering the Christian era
of some scientific value by eliminating the
minor earth disturbances. Even the re-
sults of this limited compilation, recently
published for Prof. J. G. Milne by the Brit-
ish Association, are very imperfect. His
records begin at 7 A. D. and extend to 1899,
a period of 1,893 years. They include only
what he calls destructive earthquakes, that
is, ‘those causing some marked injury to
property.’ His lists contain but 4,151 such
quakes, whereas at the present rate of sixty
a year, there should have been something
over 100,000. He could find reliable rec-
ords and details of but 4 per cent. of the
probable total. The most disastrous and
fatal quake of which he gives details was
that of 1556, in China, when the loss of life
was estimated at 830,000.”

SSF g :
Re ae we Sate te . t / E%: 73
; “hig yd Peat 2: = s "ee? Lille

Orie Neboer OR JUNE. 1912

Js. WACEINONE SINGIN s G5 och ORE SEAL nok oe CP Dr a eta a ee a Frontispiece
COUNTRY: IONE Ame ROSLYN, IEONG ISLAND...'¢....-- 2-2: By Robert H. Van Court 195
BUMMER WORK IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN... 0.00.08. soe ele es By F. F. Rockwell 200
MOC WVORKeFORGMEHE TONITE IGROUNDS= - cis. Jj2his sb cs he es oo ees a 204
ates Ak. keene SONG By Berwyn Converse 205

A Camp EXPERIMENT THAT BECAME A PERMANENT SUMMER HoME
By Helen N. Marion 207
LEE GETIDENT IIRC O16 ag a aha oneal eae an ran EEN 77 ne ee a 210-211
RUNNING A HousEBoaT BY AUTOMOBILE PowER............. By Robert H. Moulton DD
SONS OSHS Pete gt OR Seer 5: « Ron u MPR bettas cs aac ile agete a0 2 48 By Mary H. Northend 214
Sc hc eet or By Robert Leonard Ames 218
Eisele, Sugtaed Sb can eee eae een ene Doerner Buin CG wiurner® 1220
Se Areenes Sesases Sais By Harry Martin Yeomans 222
ROUND IEEE GARDEN June in the Garden. 2... 65. cuee dsc be cee ces eu ones Uleabees 224
HELPs ro THE Housewire—The Mother’s Part in Athletics... .. By Elizabeth Atwood 226
Caring for the Pullets New Books Editor’s Notebook
Grooming and Exercise for the Dog Flowers for Late Planting

Antecedents of the Fireless Cooker

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President MUNN & CO}. 3 I in (Ce 4 Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

pyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

June sets the fancy wandering over hill and dale, lake and stream, to mountain top and by the seaside, when everyone is thinking of vacation time

AMERICAN x

A Country Home at Roslyn, Long Island

By Robert H. Van Court

q/O part of the district within reasonably easy ern portion fronting upon the Sound through the hills and
j|| access of New York is more popular with vales of the interior of the island to the southern shore
the owners of important estates than Long where the land ends in a long succession of broad, sandy
Island. Here within an hour’s ride of the beaches. Excellent roads particularly adapted to auto-
city is spread out a country greatly diversi- mobiling extend in all directions and everything invites
fied offering every variety of natural beauty to motoring, golf and other varieties of out-of-door life.
rugged bluffs and rocky shores of the north- The country about Roslyn, near the centre of the island,

A delightfully picturesque half-timber house, long and low, admirably planned and designed and attractively placed

196

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

The walls of the living-room are paneled in squares of dark walnut and the ceiling beams are also of walnut

is occupied chiefly by large and very beautiful estates. Here
the country is high and rolling, in many places heavily
wooded and possessing many hilltops from which are to
be had wonderful views of valleys and hills and glimpses
of ocean, lakes and sound. Each of the country homes
which have been established here is set within spacious
grounds, far from the roadside, and screened by dense
growth of trees and shrubbery.

The county home here illustrated is an important estate
planned and built for its owner by Messrs. Walker & Gil-
lette, architects, New York. It presents many of the
aspects that make an English country home so attractive.
The surroundings are such
as one finds in many of the
counties of England, and the
architecture of the house and
its service buildings, as well
as the planning of the
grounds, garden and other
parts of the estate are in
accord with the arrange-
ment of the most modern
country homes. Here sur-
rounded by broad acres and
amid lawns and a beautiful en
setting of hedges and shrub- ; :
bery, the architects have
built a delightfully pictur-
esque house, long and low,
with many gables and some-
what rambling, which has so

The paneled hall showing entrance to the living-room

quickly become a part of its surroundings that it is quite
easy to imagine it the result of long years of gradual growth.

The first story, with its many wings and projections, is
of brick. The roof is of shingles and is brought down in
broad eaves over the second story, which is of rough plaster
and wood in half-timber construction. Many of the win-
dows are arranged in groups with mullions; small panes
are used everywhere and much ivy and other clinging vines
are being trained upon the walls. Planting of shrubbery
in the angles and at the corners of the building and about
verandas and entrance-porch have done much to make the
house so intimate a part of its setting.

The space directly before
the entrance front has been
enclosed, English fashion, by
a tall trimmed hedge. This
large area is graveled and
affords ample room for the
“parking” and turning of
carriages and motors which
must be planned for in ar-
ranging the grounds .of a
large estate in the part of
a country where automobil-
ing is so important a part of
everyday life. Here abund-
ant space is provided for the
accommodation of a number
of cars without danger of
injury to shrubbery or flower
beds. A single broad stone

June, 1912

step is placed before the main doorway which opens through
a small vestibule into the entrance-hall, lofty and spacious,
which divides the house. At the far end is built the main
stairway and upon its wide square landing are several
tall windows grouped together. The walls of the hall are
paneled and the details of newel and stair-balusters agree
in style with that of the walls themselves. Close to the
main entrance of the house is a small apartment planned
as a reception-room and used as such, although fitted up
as a smoking-room or den. ‘The walls are covered with
a fabric of a dark tint which affords an excellent back-
ground for woodwork painted cream white and old sporting
prints and colored engravings in mahogany frames with
which the room is hung.

The size of this very spacious house seems to be even
greater than it really is for living- and dining-rooms are
placed at either side of the broad hall and wide door open-
ings offer a long vista closing with a glimpse out-of-doors,
for at one end of the living-room are windows which open
upon a veranda and still farther beyond are seen the barn,
shrubbery and trees. Other windows of this beautiful room
open upon a terrace and still another group overlooks a
garden laid out with the formality which belongs to such
an estate. The walls of the living-room are paneled like
the hall, in squares of walnut, and against this rich, dark
background are placed pictures with gold frames and the
numerous small belongings which fill the living-rooms of
a large American country house. Two heavy beams of
walnut break the ceiling and much of the furniture is of
the same wood of Elizabethan design or of old English
oak in the form of chests and coffers. A deep fireplace
lined with brick and fitted with a “hooded” mantel of stone

er EE
yet . .

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

107

occupies part of one side of this long room and drawn up
about the fireside are divans and chairs, a large study
table and a grand piano.

The influence of the English period style is especially
noticeable in the dining-room, for here, in addition to more
paneled walls, furniture of old English pattern and a Tudor
fireplace of stone lined with brick, is a ceiling of plaster
modeled after the manner of the ceilings in Holland House,
Hardwick Hall and other great English country houses.
One side of this large dining-room is lighted by windows
Opening upon a broad terrace overlooking the estate, and
at the other side of the room are four small windows
placed in the high paneled wainscoting. In one corner is
the entrance to the pantry and just before the door is
placed a screen which conceals its frequent opening and
closing. A tiny dining-room is planned for the special com-
fort of the junior members of the family and, like the main
dining-room, is connected with the kitchen and service por-
tion of the house by the narrow hallway which leads from
there to the main entrance of the house. The kitchen and
servants’-hall occupy one end of the building and directly
over them are the servants’ sleeping-rooms and their bath-
room separated from the main part of the upper floor by
a short flight of steps.

The bedrooms for family and guests are arranged in
suites, several having bathrooms of their own. The master’s
rooms are placed directly over the living-room and are
separated from the rest of the floor and provided with a
small balcony which might be used for out-of-door sleeping
if desired. Several small bedrooms are planned for the
children and they connect directly with their own bathroom.

This attractive house, as has been said, is set far from

wie 9 e OFS ahi

In the dining-room the influence of the English period:style is especially noticeable

The entrance doorway

the road in the midst of its spacious and beautiful grounds.
The broad driveway terminates before the entrance front
in the large space provided for the convenience of arriving
and departing motorists, and this graveled space is sur-
rounded by a tall trimmed hedge of privet. The service
quarters, placed as they are at one end of the house, are
reached by their own driveway and entrance so that by far
the greater part of the house is surrounded by the broad
lawns which are spread out upon all sides. “The casement
windows of the living-room open into a terrace and also
upon a veranda, paved with brick and surrounded by bay
trees, vines, shrubbery and the other accessories which con-
tribute so greatly to the comfort and beauty of such spots.
An extensive and very beautiful formal garden has here
been planned and built and careful cultivation has already
produced unusually successful results, for most gardens, dur-
ing their first few years, are interesting chiefly by reason
of their promises of beauty and floral luxury to be achieved
at a later day when nature has had time to co-operate
with the art supplied by the landscape gardener’s magic
and skill.

Here the garden is surrounded by a clipped hedge and
grass walks divide flower beds of square and oblong shapes.
The beds are filled with all the old fashioned flowers which
have at last triumphed over any showy superficialities and
have returned to their own in American gardens. Arches
are being made of privet which will mark the entrance
to the garden, and
of climbing roses
which are being in-
duced to mount wire
frames or wooden
trellises. Stone
benches and other
garden adornments
are placed at the
sides or ends of the

wide grass paths.
Just outside the gar-
den hedge are

massed shrubbery
and various kinds of
flowering plants and
beyondthe barn
stretches away into
heavier under-
growth and wooded
tracts still farther
away.

The architects of
a large and import-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A view of the grounds looking out over the garden

June, 1912

The reception-room

ant country place have an unusual opportunity for planning
complete and spacious grounds, giving to each department
of the estate the consideration and space which it demands.
A picturesque method of arranging the road frontage of a
large country home would be to build a tall fence—perhaps
of wire netting—upon strong cedar posts. Such climbing
plants as Woodbine and the hop vine might be planted
thickly below the fence and their growth during a single
season would screen the wire netting from view. With this
wall of solid green as a background there might be planted
a profusion of such shrubs as Sumac, Elderberry and Jap-
anese Maple, with occasionally a flowering shrub such as
Lilac, Snowball or the plant sometimes known as Burning
Bush. All this tall growing shrubbery would effectually
screen the grounds and render the roadway past the estate
particularly attractive.

The entrance to an extensive country estate may be very
dignified and should correspond in style with the architec-
ture of the residence and the other buildings upon the place.
Gate lodges are considered appropriate only where the
dwelling-house is far from the roadside, and where this
treatment cannot be had tall piers may be placed at either
side of the entrance and a gate of wrought iron hung be-
tween them. Sometimes four such piers may be used where
it is desired to have smaller gateways at either side of the
entrance used for vehicles, and often the piers may be con-
nected by archways if a very formal and dignified effect be
desired. The en-
trance may be fur-
ther adorned with
lamps, either as
brackets fastened to
the pil eirisi ois
standards upon
them or placed di-
rectly upon the
ground at either
side. Within the
grounds the _ plan-
ning may be done to
create the effect of
a much greater
space than actually
exists, and this can
almost always be
done by placing
groups of shrubbery
to break the view
that at no one place
may the entire ex-
tent of the estate be

June, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 199
seen. Very large laid down. The
places are sometimes American garden

planned with a sepa-
rate gateway and
drive for the service
quarters of the es-
tate. Where it seems
better to have but
one gate and drive-
way it may be so laid
out that a separate
road will lead from
the main drive direct-
ly to the servants’ en-
trance, kitchen and
stable or garage.

About the house
hedges are of great
value, for besides
dignifying and laying rare
emphasis upon cer- eon
tain parts of the
place, such as the en-
trance to the house,
they may be used as
screens about minor
buildings, service entrances and elsewhere in places where
good taste suggests that they be employed. Nothing adds
more greatly to the dignity of a country place than the
grouping of outbuildings rather than the scattering of them
about as is so often done. Such buildings upon many well-
planned estates are so arranged that they are connected,
often being literally under one roof, and the entire struc-
ture then becomes an architectural unit and may be dealt
with accordingly. Where this treatment is impossible or
undesirable the buildings may be placed closely together and
joined or connected with hedges, panels of lattice-work,
trellises or other devices which will seem to unite them.

The garden of a country home is one of its most im-
portant departments. It is usually an out-of-door living-
room and is generally placed where it has an obviously
direct relationship with the house itself. Being in a sense a
part of the house it should be given a certain retirement
and privacy which is frequently secured by surrounding it
with a hedge of Privet or Arbor Vite. Sometimes, if there
be sufficient space, a garden may be divided into sections
where in one part
roses may be
grown together
—a water garden
might be made in
another division
and there might
even be a Japan-
ese garden which,
more than any
other section,
would require a
definite separa-
tion from the
other gardens
about it. No two
gardens are quite
alike, for their
charm lies to a
great extent in
their diversity.
No definite rules
for the making
of gardens can be

First

CoRRIpOR

FLooR PLAN

Bs 1 Sw. Pq “A
| Fi eee

SECOND FLOOR PLAN.

Floor plans of the first and second stories

The lawn front of the house presents one of its most pleasing aspects

differs considerably
from that of Eng-
land and both Eng-
lish and American
gardens are quite un-
like those of Italy,
where flowers are
considered of less im-
portance than
hedges, trees, foun-
tains and garden
marbles. The Ameri-
can garden therefore
has a character of its
own and upon even
the most formal
of estates maintains
an air of independ-
ence and freedom
from the restraint of
tradition. Scarcely
anyone would think in
these days of having
geometrical flower-
beds filled with different colored foliage plants to represent
maps of the two hemispheres, and it may be said with con-
fidence that nowhere to-day does there exist a vast checker-
board made of two varieties of the same plant, the keeping
of which in a state of carefully trimmed precision required
the greater part of a skillful gardener’s time. The charm
of the American garden consists very largely in its democ-
racy, for the same flowers bloom in the gardens of the rich
and the poor, and Nature—being no respecter of persons—
showers her smiles and her favors upon all alike. Certain
of our garden plants have come to us like our language,
literature and customs, by right of inheritance, but others
belong to us of our own right, and all are represented in
the gardens which surround American country houses.
Evergreens are a very important part of the setting of
a garden, and indeed of any part of a country estate, for
during the Winter when the surroundings are bleak and
dreary their bright foliage attords a helpful bit of cheering
color when cheer in the country landscape is greatly to be
desired. Verandas and terraces, which are really closely
related to gar-
dens and garden
making, are more
than ever impor-
tant to the coun-
try home. Many
houses such as
this beautiful
home at Roslyn
have several ver-
andas and ter-
races besides the
entrance porch,
which of course is
hardly to be re-
garded as a Sum-
mer lounging-
place. These out-
of-door spaces,
whether roofed or
mot, ame really
the heart of coun-
try house living,
most of the year.

TERRACE

Room

200

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

Beans are one of the most important of all the succession crops that may be planted in the Summer

Summer Work in the Vegetable Garden

By F. F. Rockwell
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

oq| AVE you ever watched a heavy tide come
j| in along a rocky shore? ‘The big green
waves are all fuss and fume; they tumble in
over one another in no end of a hurry to get
as far over the strand as possible—one
would think that there never had been such
a tide, that never again would the barren sands and the
naked rocks be visible. ‘Then after a few hours one retraces
his steps to find that all the turmoil has subsided. ‘There
are the hot dry sands and the blistering rocks, for all the
world as though the blinking sea had never moved an eye-
lash, or shaken its hoary mane in a wild determination to
subdue the imperturbable shore.

There are many people whose gardening makes me think
of the ebbing and flowing tide. Every Spring they are wild
enthusiasm; the ground will not thaw soon enough for them;
the seeds are too slow in coming up; they insist on putting
their tomato plants out early enough to get nipped by the
late frost. And then, along in June, you can look over the
fence a dozen times a day without seeing anyone in the
garden and by July the weeds are having things their own
way, and never a hoe or rake disturbs the hot baked surface
of the soil.

Such a garden is bound to be two 5 hide a failure. The
momentum of the Spring start carries it along for a while,
but by Autumn, when it should be at its height, there is
hardly a vegetable to be gathered, and during the long

Winter, when there should be a plentiful supply of many
vegetables in the cellar, every blessed thing has to be bought
from the green-grocer. It is not only largely a failure, but
a great extravagance, for all the manuring, ploughing, spad-
ing, and work of preparation is bound to be, to a great ex-
tent, wasted.

For such a condition there is absolutely no necessity. A
little forethought and systematic work—not nearly the
amount required to start the garden—would have made a
cornucopia of plenty where now is only a seed plot.

The Summer garden work, to be followed up effectually,
must be to some extent systematized. It may be kept track
of easily along five distinct lines: (1) Cultivation, (2)
Late planted crops, (3) Succession crops, (4) Fall and
Winter crops, and (5) Fighting insect pests. In this way
it becomes a simple matter to keep track of the numerous
things to be done, and to attend to doing them on time,
which is the vitally important thing.

First of all, and generally most neglected of all, comes
Summer cultivation. ‘The gardener who persists in clinging
to the outworn idea that as long as he keeps his vegetable
rows free of weeds his crop is properly cultivated must be
content to see his neighbor leave him hopelessly behind. To
some gardeners, weeds are a blessed salvation: if it were
not for the cultivation given the soil in getting the weeds
out, their crops would stand still all Summer. Thorough
cultivation—entirely aside from the incidental matter of re-

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

It is worth all the trouble and attention one may give it to bring the vegetable garden to such a delectable state as this

moving the weeds—is all-important for two reasons. It
admits the air and moisture necessary to bring about those

Muskmelons should not be set out
too early

changes in the soil which
release and make available
the locked-up plant food.
lt further saves and con-
serves the moisture, held by
the soil, which must be pres-
ent to enable the growing
plants to assimilate the
plant food after it has be-
come available. To express
the importance of these con-
ditions more emphatically
let us use a couple of illus-
trations. Plant food in un-
cultivated soil is like raw
potatoes or frozen meat;
the feeding plant roots can-
not make use of it until its
form is changed, any more
than a hungry man could
thrive on the frozen meat
or raw vegetables. Plant
food in dry soil remains
useless to the plants be-
cause they have no means
of taking it up, any more
than our hungry man could
make use of the meat and
potatoes even after they
were cooked, if his hands
were tied behind his back.
It has been proved that
plants take up through
their roots and evaporate
through their leaves about
500 pounds of water for
every pound of dry ma-
terial added to their weight.
Your own experience tells
you how important moist-

ure is to the growth of plants, and these figures verify it.
‘What has this,” you ask, ‘“‘to do with your tedious ‘fre-

quent cultivation?” Very
much indeed. Both experi-
ence and science prove con-
clusively that on hot, bright
days the water in the soil
is drawn up to the surface
and evaporated. Itis drawn
up through minute tubes
which form in the soil, just
as it will soak up through
a piece of blotting-paper if
you hold one end in water.
On the other hand if we
keep the surface of the soil,
for an inch or two deep,
constantly stirred and dust-
dry, we both prevent these
moisturc-wasting tubes
from forming and shade
the soil below, just as if the
whole garden were covered
over with a mulch of leaves
or pine needles—and you
know how nice and moist
you will find the soil under
a heap of leaves or even a
big stone!—when every-
where else it is dust dry. So
you can understand why I
repeat in capitals, FRE-
QUENT CULTIVATION IS
THE MOST IMPORTANT TASK
IN THE SUMMER GARDEN.
Having realized the im-
portance of keeping up the
dust-mulch, the next ques-
tion is how to do it in the
quickest way. And the an-
swer is, use a wheel-hoe.
There are many makes and

Every garden should have its melon
patch

202 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

forms. The simplest of these cost only a few dollars, $3 to $5,
and are capable of accomplishing a great deal of work ina
way that is little more than play for the operator. Either
single or double wheels may be had, but in a garden of any
size the latter form will quickly repay the slight additional
cost required. For the wheel-hoe there are numerous at-
tachments the various special uses of which may be found
described at length in the catalogues of the companies manu-
facturing them (I may say in passing that they are well
worth procuring and reading carefully for the many good
cultural hints contained, if for no other reason).

The wheel-hoe does not, however, obviate the use of the
fingers. There will be many weeds in the rows which can-
not be reached by its swift working blades, and they must
be taken out, where the plants are small, with the fingers.
A hint or two about this work may be of use. Try to get
at it just as the soil begins to dry out after a rain and is still
soft and friable, and the roots pull out easily. Also imme-
diately previous to weeding run through the rows, cutting
up as close as possible, with the wheel-hoe. ‘There are a
number of hand-weeders which are useful. I prefer the
type which has a little strap over the fingers to hold the im-
plement in place in the hand while the fingers are being
used.

CROPS FOR LATE PLANTING

While most of the garden crops can be put in safely dur-
-ing April and early May, in fact are all the better for early
planting, there are some which must have semi-tropical
weather, and no danger of frost, before they will do any-
thing at all. Nothing is gained by trying to get them started
outdoors early in the season, and the only way to hasten
the maturity of the crop is to get them along as far as pos-
sible indoors or in a cold-frame before setting them outside.

ES i ER EE

June, 1912

In this class are Pole and Lima Beans, Cucumbers, Musk-
melons, Watermelons, Tomatoes, Egg-Plants, Peppers,
Squash, and Pumpkin.

All the vine crops should have specially prepared hills,
and it will be well worth while to take the same pains in
getting ready for the Pole Beans, especially the Limas. Dig
out the hill about two feet square and some six inches deep,
and put in a fork-full of well rotted manure, mixing it
thoroughly with the soil. Then put back enough of the sur-
face soil to fill up the hole within, say, an inch of the top and
mix into this a good handful.of cotton-seed meal, fine tank-
age or bone flour, or a mixture of them. Cover over level
with the garden surface and plant. Melon and Squash seed
should be covered about half an inch deep, Beans from one
to two inches. Always plant the Limas (dwarf or pole
sorts) with the eye down, and if possible just when the
ground is drying off after a rain, as they root in the soil easily
and readily.

Melons, Cucumbers, Lima Beans, and even Sweet Corn
we now start in paper pots (which are to be had very
cheaply), and set out pots and all when the weather is warm
enough. This method not only assures earlier results but
overcomes to a great extent the dangers from insects and
cold, damp weather incident to planting outdoors during this
season.

‘‘Giant-podded” is the best pole Lima I have grown; and
Fordhook and Spicy are my favorite Muskmelons, although
there are a great number of excellent varieties and one
should suit one’s own taste. There is a new “‘vineless”’ form
which will now make Muskmelons available for the smallest
gardens. Tomato, Pepper, and Egg-plants should be pro-

cured, if possible, grown in pots rather than in boxes. They
are more evenly developed and will not suffer the usual “‘set-

The carefully tended Summer garden will produce such tomato vines as this, which may be trained against a wall

June, 1912

back”’ when being set out in the field, as the roots are not
disturbed at all. A little bone flour or cotton-seed meal in
the bottom of each hole when setting out will give them a
strong, quick start, and should be followed, a week or two
after setting, by a very light application of nitrate of soda
worked into the soil about the roots, preferably just before
a rain.
SUCCESSION CROPS

Crops suited for succession planting are such as have a
short period of growth, like Lettuce, or those which are
much better in quality when gathered in an immature stage
of development, like Beets or Carrots. For the best re-
sults they should be planted every ten days to four weeks,
according to the sorts.

The most important of the succession crops are Beans,
Beets, Carrots, Corn, Kohlrabi, Lettuce, Peas, Radish, Spin-
ach and Turnip. As the later crops of these are frequently
planted in very dry weather, they should be put in deeper
than the early sowing. For instance, where one inch is deep
enough for the first sowing of peas, three or four will not
be too deep for those planted late. Care should be taken
also to firm the seed in the soil, in very dry weather. After
sowing the seed in the furrow, tamp it firmly down into the
soil with the back of a narrow hoe or the ball of the shoe
before covering. Such treatment will often insure good ger-
mination where otherwise would be a failure of the crop.

Beans, to be had in the best of condition, should be sown
at least every three weeks. I consider the white or golden
Wax varieties the best in quality and the best strains are not
susceptible to rust. Be careful not to plant too many at
one time; a very short row of Beans will yield an ample mess
for dinner.

Beets, Carrots, Turnip and Spinach need not be sown so
frequently. It will pay to plant at least three times—early

Beans may now be started in paper pots and set out when the weather
is warm enough

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

203

in April, in May and in June, the last for late crop for
Winter. Columbia and Crimson Globe are fine Beets for
Summer or Winter use; Coreless and Danvers are good
Carrots, and Amber Globe, with me, is the best flavored
Turnip. In place of Spinach, I now use Giant Lucullus
Swiss Chard almost entirely, as most of my customers pre-
fer it to Spinach and it can be cut any number of times dur-
ing the season.
CROPS FOR FALL AND WINTER USE

No garden opportunity is so often neglected as that of
growing supplies of Beets, Carrots, Turnip, Parsnips, Sal-
sify, Cabbage, Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Celery and
Lettuce for late Autumn and Winter. The Parsnips and
Oyster-plant (Salsify) should be sown as early as possible,
but early June is not too late. The Beets and Carrots
should be put in during June, the earlier the better. July
will be right for the Turnips, but firm well in the soil.
The Cabbage group should be sown about June first, kept
watered and cut-back (by trimming off the tops two or three
times) to induce stocky growth, and set out into the per-
manent positions during July—which gives an opportunity
to use for them the same ground that has already been used
for early Beets, Lettuce, Radish, Peas, etc. For Celery,
if you did not sow it yourself early in April, you will have
to go to the florists, but the plants are not expensive. Let-
tuce should not be sown until the last part of July or the
first of August. Select a place protected from heavy rains,
and work up a nice, fine, smooth seed-bed—a few feet
square will be ample—and sow thinly, giving the bed a
thorough soaking the day previous. Rig up overhead a

light framework that can be covered with old bags, carpets
or a sheet, if very hot, bright weather is encountered, so
that the bed may be kept partly shaded.

(Continued on page 225)

As soon as the

Plant pole beans just Gh the ee is eae off qe a rain, as aS
root in the soil easily

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1912

ROCKWORK FOR THE HOME GROUNDS

HE illustrations shown upon this page will suggest to the homemaker, whois interested in the lawn and in the
garden, the value of rockwork to the landscape of the homegrounds. Above one sees how a jumble of field
boulders has been converted into an attractive rockery that would prove an interesting feature for any large lawn, and
the illustrations below show how interesting a patch of fieldstones can be made by judicious planting. Rockwork
is within the means of everyone and it contributes a striking note of interest to any planting scheme with the lawn.

"
ive.

AMERICAN

June, 1912

Mae Zn

The street front of the interesting and well-designed cottage type residence of Mr. William F. Russell, at Summit

HOMES AND GARDENS

BS HAI: aot

, New Jersey

An American Cottage of English Type

By Berwyn Converse
Photographs by T. C. Turner and others

UCH of the domestic architecture of Eng-
land seems to be the direct following of
the work of the builders of centuries ago.
Architecture in England never reached quite
the the low estate to which it descended in
America some thirty or forty years ago, and
the renaissance of good
taste, when it came, found
so much of the old work still
existing that the revival and
application of correct stand-
ards of building and decora-
tion was accomplished much
more easily and more rap-
idly than in this country. It
would be difficult, perhaps,
to define the “modern Eng-
lish style” or to say just what
the term implied, but, broad-
ly speaking, it may be said
to embody a certain balanc-
ing of mass and a symmetry
in planning ornament and

The Winter aspect of

ape a IPO geen

the house is also pleasing

fenestration, combined with a quality quaintness which ren-
ders formality delightfully informal.

Something of this spirit is expressed in the home of
Mr. William F. Russell, at Summit, New Jersey, designed
by Benjamin V. White, architect, New York. A home in the
country more than anywhere else should be planned to care-
fully adapt it to its location
and here the site consisted
of a broad, shallow plot
sloping backward rather
abruptly from the street to
a stretch of woodland with
some fine forest trees. This
afforded a somewhat ample
and. generous setting for
what has proved to be a par-
ticularly attractive and “‘in-
dividual home.” ‘The place
as it has been worked out,
provided for two fronts—
one facing the street and one
facing the woods just be-
yond the house. ‘The street

206

The hallway

front includes the main entrance, of course, and presents the
formal appearance expected of the street front of a dig-
nified suburban home. At the opposite side of the house
a broad terrace overlooks a stretch of lawn which extends
to the edge of the woodland. ‘The house is built of stones
upon the usual framework of metal lathing. Here the
stucco is extended down to the ground over the foundation
of concrete which gives rather a more
solid and substantial effect than if the
foundation were allowed to appear.
The roof is of shingles with the
gables “clipped” and here, as at the
eaves in every part of the house, the
shingles have been so applied that
they present the appearance of a roof
of thatch and the use of casement
windows further heightens the old
English effect. A wide, low roof or ,
hood shelters the entrance and this
hood, as well as the roof of the house
itself, is of a deep, dark red. ‘The
walls of the roughened stucco are of
a rather dark gray and the exterior
trim, including the trellises and the
vertical bands at the corners of the
house, are of a dark green. One

wing which contains the kitchen and other service quarters
is balanced at the opposite end of the building by a veranda
above which is a sleeping-porch, screened and partially en-
closed. The chimneys are so placed that they do not break
the long line of the ridge of the roof which curves down-
ward at either end, and back of the house is a background

Lipase en

Living-room fireplace ue

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Floor plans of the Russell house

June, 1912

The living-room

of trees, which forms the most satisfying of all settings for
a suburban home.

The floor plans carry out the idea suggested by the two
facades of the house .and the rooms are so planned that the
most attractive views are had from the living-room, the
dining-room and the veranda rather than from those parts
of the house which are not so constantly used. This re-
verses the usual arrangement where
the principal rooms face the street re-
gardless of more attractive outlooks
in other directions. We know of one
very costly countryhouse where by
far the most attractive view—a
stretch over miles of beautiful mead-
ow to a range of mountains—is from
the window of a butler’s pantry. The
main entrance of the Russell house is
into the main hall, which also contains
the staircase, lighted by a window
upon each landing. Directly ahead is
Jthe dining-room, to the left is a small
library or den and to the right is the
living-room, which is delightfully spa-
cious and planned to receive sunshine
during the greater part of the day.
Here is a group of small-paned case-
ment windows facing the approach to the house and another
group overlooking the lawn. One side of the room is taken
up by fireplace and mantel and two windows, one coming
to the floor and opening upon a veranda which gives a
glimpse into the woods which surround the house. The

(Continued on page 228)

SLEEPING
PorcH

The dining-room

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

207

Set in the midst of a clump of pines, this delightful camp became a permanent Summer home, unique in its arrangement

A Camp Experiment that Became a Permanent Summer Home

By Helen N. Marion
Photographs by Mary H. Northend

OME years ago, Mr. Robert C. Coit, of
Boston, purchased several acres of land at
Rockport, Massachusetts, with the idea of
erecting here a Summer home. The site
was ideal for the purpose. On all sides
stretched meadows and woodland tracts, and

in consequence, it seems destined for long, continuous use.

It is an ideal little home in its way, combining in its con-
struction several interesting features, and at the same time
is wholly commodious and comfortable. It was designed
by the owner with little thought for architectural effect, and
it presents an exterior wholly in harmony with the natural

at no great distance was the
ocean, affording facilities for
bathing. Undecided as to
just what sort of dwelling to
erect, Mr. Coit determined
for the first year to try camp-
ing out, and thought of pur-
chasing tents and pitching

charm of the surroundings.
It is built of rough boards,
with an overlayer of tarred
paper on the roof, and the
roof slants at either end to

shed rain readily and to pre-
vent it from soaking in.
At the front, two broad

them for living purposes.
Before the Summer came,
however, he changed his
mind about the tents, and in-
stead a rough shack or camp

steps lead from a clearing
paved with stones picked up
on the premises, and afford
access to the camp interior.
The bedrooms occupy the

CAMP OF ROBERT COIT ARCHITECT.

g a es AT RO&KPORT MASSACHUSETTS -
od % oc
= ZS « 6443 3
4S ew

was constructed. ‘The pleas-
ure derived from this substitute home was so great that the
members of the family agreed that they would far rather
have the shack permanently than any other dwelling, and,

The floor plan of the Coit camp

burlap curtains, and they are
by a waterproof sail, which is supported when not in use

front ell, being screened by
protected in stormy weather

on forked sticks at the outer edge, and attords a covering

208

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

.
-*

mai iB

The living-room portion of the main room of the Coit camp has a great boulder fireplace at one end, giving it a sense of permanency

from the sun for the broad entrance steps, which serve as a
sort of open air veranda, where members of the family fre-
quently congregate. Windows at the rear of the ell render
the bedrooms light and airy, and the end chamber boasts
in addition a large, casement window at the side.

Next to the bedroom ell, and built at right angles to it, is
the main portion of the camp, lighted on all sides by quaint
diamond-paned windows of the casement type that swing
outward. At the front is the combination living-room and
dining-room, overlooking a great pine grove, and character-
ized by a spacious fireplace built of fieldstones secured on
the estate, and beyond is the kitchen, the servants’ dining-

porch, with running water at one side, and the servants’
sleeping apartments, and toilet.

The main room is most attractive in its wood finish, the
soft brown of the stain harmonizing admirably with the
gray of the fireplace and the deep green of the nearby
woods, of which it seems an intimate part. Built-in shelves
for books and other things are features of the living-room
portion, while in the dining-room division a built-in cupboard
for china, adds distinction.

The kitchen is abundantly supplied with shelves conven-
iently grouped about, and the servants’ quarters are as com-
fortable in their arrangement as the main apartments.

One of the main bunkrooms

An outside bunkroom

June, 1912

Board floorings throughout the house prevent dampness,
and the interior partitions are of carefully matched boards.

An annex, fitted up with bunks, and protected at the front
with the same waterproof sail arrangement as the bedrooms
and living-room of the camp proper, stands at one side of
the main camp, and is used as a guest house. Casement
windows render it wholly light and airy. It is finished in
the same manner as the main dwelling, and commands the
same picturesque outlook. ‘The cost complete of the camp
and the annex of bunks was exactly five hundred dollars.

The joy of living in such a house is that derived from the
kinship with nature which a dwelling of this sort makes pos-

The main bunkrooms

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The vista from the porch towards the grove of pines in front of the Coit camp is delightful

209

sible, a contact with the outside world of growing things, of
trees, shrubs, flowers and vines, of birds and of blue skies
and white clouds, even of the Winter’s landscape, a contact
that must finally exert upon anyone an enormous influence.
Rainy days may come, but who has not discovered how glori-
ous the countryside appears through the veil of the storm,
and in its freshened beauty afterwards? With a roaring
blaze in the huge fireplace of this camp, around whose crack-
ling logs the family and friend gather, and from their vant-
age point of comfort gaze out on the changed landscape,
who would say a day like this was gloomy, who could find
monotony in the hour, or for the moment, welcome change?

Corner of the kitchen-porch

210

AMERICAN HOMB

HERE are few features in the garden of flowering plants that are
arches. Perhaps garden beginners overlook the possibilities ini
bear blossoms to constitute a garden. A garden is somethin
devising ways and means of intensifying the beauties of plant g
that after a time every garden-maker instinctively turns his at
content to plant a bed of things and watch them grow, rejoi§
will wish to make a “‘house of flowers’’ as it were, even to im

formal and sunken gardcns; he will wish to sow a corner with old-fashioned

finds that the bit of ground at his disposal is not sufficient to permit these exper
as is shown in any of the illustrations on these pages. An examination of ther}

AND GARDENS

len Arch

sre deserving of attention and less deserving of the neglect they suffer, than garden
s direction. It is not enough to plant flowering things, have them spring up and
jore than a display of a number of plants. It is a creation of man’s ingenuity in
th by selection, arrangement, color, choice, contrasts and design. Thus it happens
tion to the structural side of gardening. Perhaps his first season has found him
-and finding satisfaction in their reaching florescence unretarded. But later he
2 some of nature’s plant arrangements. He will wish to construct arbors, mazes,
‘ers which shall fill the vista with a blaze of unpatterned gorgeousness, but if he
nts to any extent, he will still gain satisfaction in constructing a garden arch such
ill reveal possibilities along this line that will prove inspiring to the garden-maker.

:
‘
.
-%
®

Nica

es uy

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HERE are few features in the garden of flowering plants that are more deserving of attention and less deserving of the neglec y suffer, than gar.
arches. Perhaps garden beginners overlook the possibilities in this direction. It is not enough to plant flowering things, have them spring ur
bear blossoms to constitute a garden. A garden is something more than a display of a number of plants. It is a creation of man’s ingenuity in
devising ways and means of intensifying the beauties of plant growth by selection, arrangement, color, choice, contrasts and design. Thus it happens
that after a time every garden-maker instinctively turns his attention to the structural side of gardening. Perhaps his first on has found him
content to plant a bed of things and watch them grow, rejoicing and finding satisfaction in their reaching florescence unretarded. But later he }
will wish to make a ‘house of flowers’’ as it were, even to imitate some of nature's plant arrangements. He will wish to construct arbors, mazes,
formal and sunken gardens; he will wish to sow a corner with old-fashioned flowers which shall fill the vista with a blaze of unpatterned gorgeousness, but if he
finds that the bit of ground at his disposal is not sufficient to permit these experiments to any extent, he will still gain satisfaction in constructing a garden arch such
as is shown in any of the illustrations on these pages. An examination of them will reveal possibilities along this line that will prove inspiring to the garden-make:

SEIN RST RLS AIRS LT RT IT PRS PCN RTE PRT BIE

Mi.

Here one sees moored to her little dock the Driftwood, the house-boat run by automobile power.

with a canopy in Summer.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

”

June, 1912

TESTE

SGken a ee

The iron frame of her roof-garden is covered

In passing under low bridges this frame can be folded flat to the deck #3...

Running a Houseboat by Automobile Power

By Robert H. Moulton

OST owners of houseboats who are also the
possessors of automobiles have no doubt
often wished, when moored at some spot
which particularly invited a land ride, that
they had their cars along. ‘The only way
they could see to make use of the machine
while on a water cruise was to have it run up to some desig-
nated stopping place, a plan which is nearly always incon-
venient and often impracticable. It probably never occurred
to them that they could not only carry
the car along on board the houseboat,
but actually make it serve as a power
plant to run the craft. This plan has
been successfully carried out, however,
by a Chicago man, whose experiment
will, no doubt, lead to the building, or
equipment, of many other auto-house-
boats. Any houseboat that has an aft
deck. sufficiently large to accommodate
an automobile, and a couple of paddle-
wheels, can be fitted up to run in this
manner. All that is necessary is to fit
spurred sprocket wheels to the hubs of
the car’s rear wheels and to key similar but larger ones to
the axle of the paddle-wheels. Connection is made between
them by means of chain link belts. Then when the rear
axle of the car is jacked up so that the driving-wheels are

q The Darmonte gang-plank °.

clear of the deck, and the motor started, the boat will glide
along as easily as could be wished.

Furthermore, it is possible to get much greater speed out
of the houseboat in this manner than is usual with such
crafts. In ordinary waters the ingenious owner of the
houseboat run by automobile power here shown has made
his boat maintain an average speed of six miles an hour,
which is certainly going fast for a houseboat. And this
has been done without the slightest injury to the automo-
bile, for the owner has now used it in
this way for more than a year and finds
it just as good as ever. When the en-
gine of the car is turning the paddle-
wheels it runs as regularly and smoothly
as if the auto were gliding over asphalt
pavements. A couple of grooved run-
ways guide the automobile from the
shore to the gangplank, and thence up
to a spot midway between the paddle-
wheels. The mechanical operations
necessary to transform the automobile
into a marine engine require only a few
minutes.

By means of an ingenious device it is possible to steer

the boat either with the rudders, of which there are two,.

each six feet long and two feet wide, or the paddle-wheels.
The paddle-wheels are so constructed as to be independent

AMERICAN

June, 1912

Spacious salon of the Driftwood
of each other, and when they are connected with the auto-
mobile the emergency brake of the car is disconnected from
one driving-wheel and the foot brake from the other. In
this way one of the paddle-wheels can be revolved while its
opposite remains stationary, or both can be turned at one
time. If the port paddle is turned while the starboard is
held still, the bow of the boat is shoved around to star-
board, and vice versa. There are also two driftboards,
each ten feet long and three feet wide, to
counteract the tendency of any flat bot-
tomed boat to drift sidewise.

The Driftwood, which is the name of

this remarkable craft, is not only unique —

HOMES AND GARDENS

=a
fil

ELE We Nid OY ON! ES

Companionway of the Driftwoo

EERE

drinkable, with the quality and clearness always unfailing.

The houseboat measures 75 feet over all, with a width of
16 feet 5 inches. ‘These dimensions were decided upon by
its owner after he had made an examination of all the canal
locks in the United States, for he wanted a boat which
would pass through any canal in the country. The house
proper is 50 feet long and the full width of the boat. The
boat weighs thirty-six tons and draws sixteen inches of water.
Its hull is made of tank pine and Oregon
fir, triple caulked, and is so dry inside
that it 1s actually dusty.

Gain Ot

A unique system of ventilation which
keeps a current of air constantly passing

RUNWAY FoR
AvTomoBILe

in its mechanical arrangements and in-
novations, but is an example of marine
architecture, both interiorily and ex-

through the hull prevents even the
slightest suggestion of dampness. The
house is divided up into a kitchen, three

teriorily, such as is seldom seen any-
where in the world. It has every con-
venience of a modern steam-heated five-room apartment,
including hot and cold water, refrigerator, gas stove, roof-
garden, sun-parlor, private back porch, hardwood floors,
laundry, clothes drier, and janitor’service. There is also a
gas-making machine which supplies gas for illumination
and cooking, and a water-filtering system which will clarify
the water of any river so that it may be used for lavatory
and cooking purposes, while a water filter still renders it

PRR LS LEE a Ie Le PIL CLE, BIE LI

TL TRL ES NETO INERT ES I

MOEA AP LES F I LUIS GOP WI! MLE PLS OG Mig

This shows the Driftwood in v

Sal! OGM EDO POE SEE SRD

ery rapid motion under automobile power

Plan of automobile attachment

sleeping-rooms, bathroom, and combi-
nation living- and dining-room.

The owner of the Driftwood has put the practicability of
the houseboat for living purposes to a thorough test. Last
Summer and in the early Fall he had the Driftwood
moored on Lake Michigan, just off the Chicago Yacht
Club, and there he slept every night. Later he had it
moored to a more protected spot in a boat yard on
the North Branch of the Chicago river, and on it he lived
during the entire Winter, happy in his floating bungalow.

spurred sprocket wheels on the paddle-wheel axles

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

The open air life throughout the Summer time is what every American boy should be given an opportunity to enjoy

Boys Camps

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the author

UMMER camps for boys represent a fea-
ture of the culture and refinement of mod-
ern youth that is equally important, in
proportion, with their educational instruc-
tion. A decade or so ago these camps were
looked upon with disfavor by the majority
of people, who viewed them in the light of a fad that would
in a few years at the most outlive its popularity. But there
was a side to this so-called fad that these same people failed
to consider seriously, but which almost immediately mani-
fested itself, and year by year grew in importance, until
there was no denying its advantages. This was the oppor-
tunity for physical betterment that the open air life and
regular exercise afforded, and which, more than anything
else, has helped to make the Summer camp a permanent
institution.

The idea of its formation, in some instances at least,
was the outgrowth of the Summer homes of large families
of boys, whose parents were quick to see and understand the
elevating tendency of outdoor life. In not a few cases the
home became a paying camp, open to other boys, and when
once the success of this home camp project became assured,

it was adopted as a business venture by any number of men
and women, some of whom maintained Winter boarding-
schools and were, in consequence, especially fitted to take
charge of children. Under the supervision of such instruc-
tors, the benefits to be derived became more and more pro-
nounced, and the project, begun in such a simple way, rap-
idly developed, with far-reaching results.

Considered thoughtfully, one cannot wonder that this is
so. The camp offers to the boy the advantage of being
under the daily supervision of competent physical instruc-
tors, whose duty it is to promote his health, and it affords
to him the opportunity of enjoying a care-free open-air life
for two months with boys of his own age. In addition, he
is provided with numerous opportunities for healthful sports
and useful occupations, he is rested and stimulated, as well
as nourished with wholesome food at regular hours. Also,
through the lessons learned here, he acquires a self-reliance
that serves him in good stead in later life.

No parents for the sum of the tuition fee—varying from
$150.00 to $200.00—could begin to provide at home for
their boys the facilities, together with the appurtenances,
for sports and instruction such as are provided at camp,

June, 1912 AMERICAN
and then, too, parents would
not always be willing to
spend a Summer in the local-
ity adapted for such a life.
So, all in all, the Summer
camp fills a long-needed
want in the realm of boy-
hood.

All these camps are lo-
cated with a view to the
natural beauty and _ health-
fulness of their surround-
ings, and as a result they are
chiefly found among the
mountains, close to the
shores of lakes or rivers.
Some few are inland, but
these are in the minority, for
the best liked diversions of
camp life are the water sports, which demand a nearness to
some body of water. All are remote from the pretence of
conventionality, with the open face of nature as an inspira-
tion and a comrade, and amid the quiet hills and vales the
boys obtain a fund of health and strength sufficient to draw
upon during the strenuous Winter school days.

The rule of the average camp demands that a regulation
camp costume be worn, thus tending to create a democratic
spirit, and, too, where a certain color is adopted, and the
initial letter of the camp name adorns a sweater or a blouse,

HOMES AND GARDENS

ae boys have built their own diving stand

215

not a little camp pride and
sense of indivuality is the re-
sult. The usual camp re-
quirements include a heavy
sweater and two flannel
shirts, or blouses, two sleeve-
less jerseys, and a cap, also
two pairs of khaki trousers,
one pair of flannel running
pants, two pairs of heavy
woolen stockings, heavy
shoes for mountain climb-
ing, and two pairs of tennis
shoes. Also a simple suit
for Sundays or exceptional
entertainment. Besides his
wearing apparel, each boy is
generally asked to bring a
rubber blanket, two pairs of
heavy colored blankets, a pillow, two laundry bags, and the
usual toilet articles, towels, etc. A rubber coat is optional
in most camps, but if he has one he can bring it, and he can
also include, if he wishes, rubber boots, bathrobe, baseball
suit, bat, ball, gloves, tennis racquet and balls, fishing tackle,
paddle, hunting knife, hatchet, camera, musical instruments,
hammock, small mirror, a few books and games. Each
article has to be plainly marked with the owner’s name in
full. Since the boys range in age from eight to twenty
years, according to the age limit set by each camp, the re-

Mess-time, showing the line of happy, hungry youngsters who are spending their outing time in the camp for boys

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

June, Igt2

All the boys in camp are taught to swim and soon lose any fear of the water

quirements differ accordingly, and one finds a little of every-

thing in some of them, where the ages run from say ten to.

sixteen.

The religious life is never over emphasized, and there is
but little sectarianism. Sunday, as a rule, differs from other
days in that camp costume is doffed and a simple suit is
donned, for church services, either at the nearest church or
in the form of simple religious services at the camp itself.
The rest of the day is often devoted to reading, writing let-
ters, a short walk, and a talk on some interesting topic, after
supper, or, in some camps, a row on a nearby lake is en-
joyed before bedtime. Although camp management does
not encourage actual study, all of them are prepared to fur-
nish competent tutors for boys who are desirous of making
an advance in some special line of study, for which assist-
ance an extra fee is charged.

Although these camps are to be found north, south, east
and west, doubtless those in New England are typical of
the prevailing manners and customs of the average camp.
No state in the Union is more favorable for camp life than
the state of Maine, always a synonym for the ‘‘call of the
wild,” so naturally this state can lay claim to some of the
most attractive camps for boys, from the point of beautiful
surroundings, far from the heart of civilization. New
Hampshire, too, is ideal for the purpose, and throughout its
hills and vales, and bordering the shores of its lovely lakes,
several excellent camps are to be found. Likewise, Massa-
chusetts and Vermont can lay claim to several finely equipped
camps, and the project, in this section of the country, is
broadening each year. The methods pursued in each of
these camps differ in detail from the rest, but the funda-
mental principles of all are the same.

The larger camps are often divided into two distinct
camps, one for the older boys and one for the younger
boys. Each is considered as a separate establishment, and

each is rigorously maintained in every respect wholly dis-
tinct from the other. Besides the owners of the camp, who
devote their entire time to its interests, there is generally a
superintendent and his wife who oversee and care for the
several features of the camp, also a head councilor, espe-
cially gifted in dealing with boys, and a councilor for each
tent. The councilors are always chosen for their fitness in
some special direction, as well as for general culture and
ability, being carefully selected from well-known schools and
colleges. ‘The value of their companionship is inestimable,
sharing as they do with the boys all the pleasures and duties
of the camp life, incidentally winning their confidence, and
helping them with advice and assistance.

In all camps the boys literally live outdoors. They sleep
in tents, eat in tents, and some even sleep on cot-beds be-
neath the stars. Save on rainy days, the rest hours and
handicraft lessons—comprising a feature of several of the
camps—take place outdoors. The tents are generally of
khaki, of uniform size, opening at both ends and absolutely
waterproof, with board floors well off the grounds. In
some instances these tents accommodate four boys, in others,
five boys. The dining-tent is a separate feature, sufficiently
large to accommodate the entire camp.

Many of the camps are now equipped with modern
plumbing and sanitary systems and supplied with running
water from pure mountain springs, though some few still
depend on the well for their water supply. Where the
well is the means of supply, the boys are obliged to carry
the water they require to their tents, and in such instances,
just after breakfast, what is known as the pail-brigade is
formed, each boy setting forth, pail in hand, for the well,
where a choreman fills his pail with water.

Besides the tents, each camp boasts a building, sometimes
of rustic design, and generally containing one main room, .
which is always characterized by a great open fireplace.

June, r912

This room is invariably provided with a piano, shelves
filled with books and magazines and a supply of games,
and here on stormy days supper is frequently served, after
which the boys are free to cluster about the open fireplace
and to make merry as they see fit.

Generally, a fleet of rowboats and canoes is a feature of
the camp, and sometimes motor boats are provided to sup-
ply swifter locomotion and to tow long chains of the smaller
boats on extended trips. War canoes of varying sizes are
likewise frequently supplied, affording opportunity for in-
teresting crew work.

The different sports indulged in are no doubt to the boys
the most interesting diversions. These are carefully limited
as to time, and care is taken that no boy over-exercises, or
undertakes feats for which he is physically unfit. Swim-
ming, diving, rowing, and paddling are among the most
attractive features of camp life, but no boy is allowed to
use a canoe until he has passed a definite swimming test.
Such regulations are enforced regarding all water sports
as have been found necessary for the absolute safety of the
boys.

The usual rising hour is 6:45, and a half hour later the
boys gather round the long table in the breakfast tent, where
they soon make away with oatmeal and cream, eggs and
corn muffins, coffee or milk, as preferred. After breakfast
the tents are put in order and the boys are free for the day’s
enjoyment. Baseball or tennis practice, swimming, diving,

etc., occupy the time until dinner, after which a rest hour
is in order, during which the boys can read or write, or go

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

These little men are taught to cook and they love to show their skill in the camp culinary

dG)

to their tents to rest, as they wish. ‘The afternoon is de-
voted to various sports or sometimes a walk through the
woods, affording to those who are interested in nature study
an opportunity to study birds and flowers. In the evening,
games, reading, music, and other amusements pass the time
all too quickly until nine o’clock, when the boys repair to
bed. In some camps on very warm evenings, supper is
served out under the pine trees, and if it be moonlight, a
row on the lake is permitted.

Horseback riding is a feature of most of the camps, and
frequently riding squadrons are formed that exercise sev-
eral times weekly, affording any amount of fun for the
riders. In addition, several times during the season, the
entire camp takes to the water, and in small boats towed by
motor boats, journey several miles down a lake or a river
to play ball with a rival team.

Side-trips to the nearest village, or drives through the
woods each week, have come to be a regular pastime of
several camps, and they are events to which the boys look
forward, for in great, high wagons, each drawn by four
strong horses, they are at liberty to make merry with songs
and laughter. Camping trips of several days duration,
sometimes to neighboring islands, and often to a distant
mountain, are regular features of all the camps, and on
such trips, each boy has to carry his personal outfit, help
pitch tent, make fires, prepare food, wash dishes, and help
in all the other duties attendant on life in the open. Need-
less to say, such trips are star days in the lives of the boys,

(Continued on page 228)

SHRM

This portable house serves as a permanent home

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS

June, 1912

Portable Houses for the Long Vacation

By Robert Leonard Ames

VACATION of more than a few weeks in
the hills, woods or at the seashore, off the
beaten track, should hardly be planned with-
out carefully looking into the matter of the
portable house as a possibility of a vacation
home. Let us imagine a tiny cottage
planned with especial reference to the requirements of those
who are to dwell in it, built upon the spot, whether in the
mountains, the woods, or by lake or ocean, which seems
most attractive. ‘Then let us picture
the interior arranged with the house-
hold fittings and personal belongings

hoes

solid and substantial so that the house may remain perma-
nently in one place. The other variety is so planned and
constructed that it may easily and quickly be erected and
quite as easily taken apart for removal to another site, and
these removals may be as frequent as desired.

Portable houses of any kind were but little known or
used prior to the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago
in 1893. The Exposition, it will be remembered, was some
distance from the civic center and living quarters of any
kind in the vicinity were difficult to
obtain and were held at a high pre-
mium. ‘This resulted in the use of a

which one finds most necessary, and
a veranda spread with rugs and
having a hammock, cushions and
wicker chairs and tables where the
vacation days may be enjoyed.
When all of these alluring possibili- ‘s
ties have been grasped let us imagine
the same house with every detail of
furnishings placed in another wholly
different setting, where a new phase *
of Nature’s wonders seeks acquaint-
ance, for all of these opportunities

Living Room

great number of portable buildings
of both types, most of which were
used as homes, although many were
placed within the grounds, where they
were utilized, for the most part, as
minor service buildings. Since that
time the designing as well as the
construction of portable houses has
been vastly improved and developed
and these changes have resulted in
the serviceable and often really
beautiful portable buildings which

J6'x 16°

are within reach of the man or
woman who makes use of the qvon-
derful contrivance known as
the portable house.

The term has two separate
and distinct meanings, or
possibly it would be more ac-
curate to say that there are
two classes of portable build-
ings, each of which has its
own place and use. One of
these is the house which is
designed and made in a fac-
tory, usually -from stock
plans, shipped to the locality
where it is to be used and set
into place upon foundation
or underpinning more or less

Floor plan of portable bungalow illustrated below

A five-room portable bungalow, 20x36 feet, which is suitable’ for a
permanent location

are obtainable to-day.

One will readily realize the value
of the house which may be
easily moved, to a family
planning a vacation of con-
siderable length, for it offers
comfort and convenience at
small cost and with com-
plete independence of board-
ing houses or hotels. The
houses are made in a consid-
erable variety of style and
material and in a wide range
of sizes, so that a vacation.
home may be either a single
room or a house of five or
six rooms or even more, and
provided with a veranda and

June, 1912

every essential detail of
home comfort.

The construction of the
houses chiefly used is exceed-
ingly simple. The building,
of course, is of wood
throughout, with an inner
lining of wood in addition to
the outer walls, which are
usually of clapboards. These
walls, as well as the floors,
ceiling, and roof, are made
in sections, small enough to
be handled without difficulty,
and strongly held together
with bolts and other devices
of metal. There are many
well-known firms manufac-
turing these portable houses
and one has but to select his
cottage from a catalogue
which may be had for the asking. A few weeks are usually
required for the proper finishing and shipping of such a
structure and this allows for including such details of paint-
ing, finishing and arrangement of rooms and partitions as the
purchaser may desire. When received from the factory the
sections will be numbered—floors, outer walls, inner parti-
tions, roof, and framework will be so labeled that the build-
ing may be erected in a few hours by almost anyone who
will follow the printed instructions and the carefully drawn
diagram which will be sent with the house. In this connec-
tion it is well to state that freight charges are very low for
shipping the sections, and it does not require skilled hands
to set them up.

Unless the building is to remain for a long period in one
place it will hardly be necessary to use posts or piers as a
foundation. The ground may be leveled and the sections
of the floor placed upon stones or blocks and securely fitted
together. After the floor is solidly in position the walls of
the house and the interior partitions are set up and fastened
together, not with nails, but with “key bolts’ which are
secured with one blow of a hammer. The floors and walls
being in place, the sections of the roof are set in position
and then the moldings under the eaves and about doors

‘and windows are fixed into place, together with such details
as steps and the railings about verandas. ‘The erecting of
such a structure is not at all difficult, but care must be taken
that the joints are closely and firmly united or the building
will not be weatherproof and there may be trouble where
the house has been taken apart and is to be re-erected in
some other place. A house of this type, particularly when
carefully set in place and built upon piers or posts as a foun-

The portable house is well adapted to the sea-side

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A portable cottage like this is just the thing for a Summer outing in the
lake district

219

dation, will last for many
years, and any number are
in use upon lakes or sea-
shore, or upon mountains
where they have been occu-
pied each year as vacation
homes. Many more have
been used year after year,
but in different places, for
their owners have found no
dificulty in taking the
houses apart and rebuilding
them in different localities.
There is still another type
of house which may be
easily and quickly moved.
This variety has a floor and
a strong framework of wood
upon which walls and roof
of very strong canvas are
stretched. This kind of house
is, of course, not nearly as durable as that built of wood,
but it may recommend itself to many by reason of its lower
cost and the even greater ease with which it may be
moved about. In houses of this sort the divisions be-
tween the rooms are also of canvas, and as there is no
glass in the windows the openings are merely screened
with wire netting and protected by awnings or ‘“‘flaps.”’ This
house is somewhat of the nature of a tent, but is much
more comfortable and durable, and yet is moved with
almost as much ease.
The plan of the portable house to be really successful
should be quite simple. It must be remembered that walls
and roof are not heavily built nor with the type of construc-
tion which is used in erecting an ordinary dwelling. The
floor plans should therefore be strictly rectangular, with no
projections excepting an additional room, a porch or ver-
anda, or any extension such as may be complete in itself.
The roof lines also should be plain and simple, for without
‘“furring”’ such as is used at the joints of an ordinary roof it
would be impossible to prevent leaks if an irregular roof
plan were followed. ‘The size of the house must be gov-
erned, of course, by the number of people who are to live in
it. The kitchen is so often a separate or semi-detached
building that it need hardly be counted as a room of the
main structure, which will therefore be devoted to a living-
room and the necessary bedrooms. Fora family of ordinary
size a house of four rooms might be sufficient. This will
allow for a combined living- and dining-room and for three
sleeping-rooms. The kitchen or “cookhouse,” which will

no doubt, be a separate structure, should be so planned that
(Continued on page 228)

A portable house placed in a wooded locality

220 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

TE CER TINET Sy

Sue EES ETS

Le oe Ee

This is the curious little animal that wreaks such havoc with our lawns.

so ake ae

Without sight he finds his way underneath the best laid sods

Moles and the Lawn

By T. C. Turner
Photographs by the author

vq]| NE of the greatest charms of the country or
suburban home is its lawn. Without Na-
ture’s own carpet the best planned house in
the world would lack in the full measure of
attractiveness despite all the beauty that the
cleverest architect might put into its con-
A good lawn well kept is not one of the easiest
Many are the troubles that

struction.
things for its owner to have.
beset the ingenuity of the homemaker who strives with the

proper up-keep of his lawn. Dandelions must be carefully
watched and prodded out, crab grass must be subdued, and
worms kept under control as far as possible. These and
many other obstacles of a minor nature must be watched
day by day if one is really to make a lawn to be proud of.
The excellent article on ‘‘How To Make Good Lawns,”
page 100, AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, March, 1912,
had to do with the planting and seeding of the lawn,
whereas the writer of the present article would call atten-
tion to one of the greatest menaces to the stretch of green,
the turf-destructive mole.

Of all the plagues that beset the lawn the mole is prob-
ably the greatest. This veritable “pestilence that walketh
[or to be more correct one would say scrapeth] in dark-
ness’’ makes its appearance at most inopportune moments,
dooming every blade of grass above his miniature subway.
In the short space of a night he will scrape a trench just be-
low the surface, often as much as fifty yards in length, and
leave above it the telltale ridge of earth in
which the roots of the turf are left to die
under the hot Summer sun. No quarter
of the world is entirely free from the trail
of the mole, but America is blest or cursed
with several varieties all to herself. All
are alike in their methods of life and their
destructiveness of lawns and pastures.
The common mole of the east (Scalops
aquaticus ) is the most widely known. The
mole prefers to do his burrowing when the
rain has made the earth soft and brought
his food, the worm, near to the surface.
For so small a beast he accomplishes won-
ders. Blind, not often more than five
inches long and two inches in diameter,
yet he will raise a furrow of earth to the

Mole trap—open

surface that will kill every blade of grass above it, for that
season. Of course, the moles can be got rid of, but sel-
dom can an estate be thoroughly cleared of them without
the patience and the knowledge which a trained mole trap-
per brings to bear in the work. The Department of Public
Parks, New York city, has found it necessary to retain the
services of one, whose forefathers have followed the craft
for generations. I have the figures of one of them, that
are surprising. Destroyed at Greenwood cemetery, Brook-
lyn, 2,884; on the William Rockefeller estate at Tarry-
town, 1,642; in. Central Park, 1,462, etc. Careful and
quiet observation, and great patience, are the essential
means for use in getting rid of this pest. Make a rough
plan of the land showing existing evidences of the mole’s
presence; add to it from hour to hour the new indications;
watch the directions of the burrows and the spot it goes
back to. Some burrows will go straight, some various
ways, but all will go back to the headquarters of the par-
ticular mole who is working in them. The next stage is to
watch the usual hour when the mole leaves his home and
goes out to feed. If you do this very carefully you can see
him shift the newest casts, as he passes. The most likely
hours are between six and seven in the morning, about noon,
and between four and five in the afternoon, but there is no
certainty. If he has been very lucky in his hunt for food
he may lay up for an entire day without leaving his nest.
When the home has been determined it only remains to set
the traps. There are many kinds of traps
on the market, but to my mind none of
them do the work so effectually as the pro-
fessional wooden trap, particularly if one
wishes to save the skin of the mole, and
the skin when properly treated has value.
The hide is often lost by the iron “spike
trap” injuring the body, a result entirely
avoided by the wooden trap. Professional
trappers are not only looking to catch their
game, but to have it in good condition.
The trap, as may be seen in the illustra-
tion, is a wooden cylinder, about six inches
long and three inches in diameter, the
thickness being about one half of an inch.
A portion of this tube is cut out at the
center, about three inches long and one

Mole _ trap—shut

June, 1912

wide. At a distance
of half an inch from
each end of the cylin-
der a groove is made
inside of the tube for
the purpose of hold-
ing the wire nooses.
These nooses are ad-
mitted through holes
in the top of the cen-
ter of the trap and
joined outside of the
trap to a piece of
strong cord, which in
turn is fastened to a
strong spring at one
end, and at the other
end through another
hole to a trigger in-
side the tube. This
trigger is a triangu-
lar piece of wood,
the thin end of which
is pushed up into the same hole that the cord comes down
and the thick end of the triangle partly fills the diameter
of the hole. The run of the mole is then opened for a sufh-
cient length to let in the trap; the spring is lightly set, and
the tube placed so that the hollow of the trap corresponds
to the mole’s run, and all is in readiness. When he gets
hungry he starts down his run, and entering the trap,
finds an obstruction which he proceeds to remove. That
releases the trigger, which in turn frees the spring. The
spring then tightens the wire loop which catches him round
the body. An illustration of the captured mole shows that
in this instance the noose girdled him round the neck—the
trigger had responded very quickly. The wire noose at the
other end of the trap has gone off without a victim, but had
the mole entered at that end, the catch would have been
reversed. Both nooses are set so that the trapper may
get him coming or going. Like most other things, it is easy
enough to do it when you know how, but in cases where
moles are plentiful, my advice is to call in a professional and
let him clear the way. One can then attend to the few
stragglers who may venture to bother the grounds after
that. It is in the placing of the traps that the secret of
success depends. A spot must be chosen through which the
mole will pass to get to his nest, or I should say their nest,
for moles usually travel in pairs.

Moles build remarkable nests or homes. These are
formed of two circular galleries, one a large excavation,
with a smaller one above it. [hey are connected by pas-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Taking the set-trap out of the ground after a catch

PENS |

sages and in the cen-
ter of these galleries
is a chamber which
seems to form the
main entrance, for
all the moles’ work-
ing runways connect
with it. The gal-
leries are what might
be termed the living-
rooms, for it is here
that tae young are
bred.

A mole will not
eat anything it does
not catch alive and
for that reason it
cannot easily be pois-

oned. But notwith-
standing this, they
are cannibals, for

often the body of a
mole taken from a
trap will be partly eaten; strange to say, however, the vic-
tim is always a male. I have heard the late Mr. Wegner
(who was official mole trapper for the New York city
parks) say, that of all the thousands of moles he had taken,
he had never found the body of a trapped female that had
been carnivorously mangled.

During the early Spring, Summer and Autumn, moles
bore their neatly cut holes about four to five inches beneath
the surface, and about an inch and a half in circumference,
but during the Winter when the ground is frozen, they make
their runs below the frost line.

Although the mole has no eye visible, there is evidently
an indentation where the organ of sight should be located.
Hence the conclusion is that the animals’ existence under
the clod has rendered an optic nerve unnecessary; a con-
dition somewhat different (although the same in the matter
of sightlessness) from that of the fully formed eyes of the
fish of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, that are by disuse
now entirely rudimentary and worthless.

If through accident or any other cause moles are unable
to find a runway they are known to take to the water, and
this readily. They swim well, often crossing streams of
considerable size. An old observer, writing in 1793, says
that he saw one paddling towards a small island in the Loch
of Clunie, one hundred and eighty yards from land, on
which he noticed molehills.

Besides being a habitat of North America, the geograph-
ical range of this burrower, is from England to Japan.

ype aires vemos sa tET IS

Set-trap showing manner in which mole is caught

Showing an ugly run-way made in a lawn by moles

THE VACATION HOME

By Harry Martin Yeomans

momma | |FIE THER one’s vacation is passed in a

mountain lodge, a seaside bungalow, or on a
houseboat threading its way along the mossy

Ns ia|| bank of some quiet stream, a great deal is
Bike Avs a|| added to the joy of this playtime of the
EEE year when the vacation abode is all that it
should be as regards its interior arrangements.

If there was ever an appropriate place for compact, built-
in furniture, window-seats, inglenooks and bookshelves, it is
in the vacation home, as it is always desirable to minimize
the labor of housekeeping when one is on pleasure bent. If
the built-in furniture is arranged for at the time a house is
being constructed, it will be found to be much more econom-
ical than if acquired later on, and it can also be toned to har-
monize with its surroundings at the same time that the
woodwork is being done.

If the idea of having only such furnishings as are abso-
lutely necessary, and those in good taste and consistent with
the type of house, then a vacation home will be evolved that
will be decorative in every sense of the word, and will not
have to depend upon applied ornamentation.

The walls should be tinted, kalsomined or painted, or, if
of wood, they can be stained with some of the wood stains
or dyes which can be obtained in various colors. ‘This
mode of treating the walls is preferable to wall-papers,
unless, of course, the walls are in such a condition that they
cannot stand the tinting process. Stained woodwork is also
desirable, as it does not show the dust and is easily kept
clean. If the principal rooms are connected by large open-
ings, one will get the effect of greater space by using the
same color scheme in the different connecting rooms. At
least, all marked contrasts should be avoided. ‘This is also
economical.

Floor coverings should be sparingly used and the rag
rugs or solid color modern rugs, either in brown, blue or
green, will be found to be a good choice. The blue and
white Japanese rugs are excellent for bedrooms.

Curtains and hangings should be used only where neces-
sary and made of washable fabrics, such as lawn, gingham,
cheesecloth, denim or China silk.

The furniture for the little vacation house should not be
pretentious in character, highly finished woods _ being
avoided, and only such furniture purchased as can stand
damp weather, hard usage and contact with coarse clothing
without showing any ill effects. Furniture of the “Cottage”’
type is desirable.
house and can be stained or painted in accordance with any
chosen scheme of decoration. The shapes are strong and
simple without being heavy in appearance.

In a vacation bungalow which had been furnished as in-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

eet ane © ean ma

It can be obtained for every room in the »

ome Decoration. Stamps

expensively as possible, most of the furniture for the dining-
room and the living-room, which opened into each other, was
obtained in the housefurnishing department of a department
store. The furniture sold in that department is intended
for kitchen use, comes in the white wood, and is therefore
very inexpensive. Chairs of two different types were pur-
chased, two ordinary kitchen tables, and two large tables,
the tops of which turn up so that they can be transformed
into settles. They were all stained a rich, dark brown and
the two settles placed on either side of the fieldstone mantel-
piece. The tops of the two small tables were covered with
dark green imitation leather held in place by a row of brass-
headed nails around the edge. One did duty as a book and
magazine table, and the other one was placed against the
wall and served as a desk, after being furnished with a
lamp and a desk set. Two porch-rockers were added, but
as they had already been painted a bright red, they had to
be treated to a few coats of forest-green enamel to make
them harmonize with the other furniture. When this cheap
kitchen furniture was placed against a background of pump-
kin yellow walls and brown woodwork, the effect was both
pleasing and restful.

For a house at the seashore, the willow and wicker fur-
niture is commendable, as the damp atmosphere does not
aiect “It.

The table of the vacation home will be more attractive
and inviting if set with matched dishes of good design. The
dainty floral designs are not as good for this type of house
as that old standby, the blue Willow pattern. The porcelain
cottage ware is worthy of consideration and the Indian Tree
and blue onion patterns cannot be improved upon. ‘They are
all carried in open stock, are very moderate in price and
reasonably safe for transport.

In a bungalow which the writer visited the question of
table linen was solved by using no tablecloths. Small squares
of hemstitched, écru linen were used interchangeably as
either napkins or doilies, and when the table was set with its
crude porcelain dishes and the candles lighted, the effect
was quaint and charming.

If one must depend upon lamps for illumination, those
made from pottery vases or lamps of brass or nickel are
best for this type of house. Shades of split bamboo, lined
with silk, Geisha shades, or those of glass, are fitting ac-
companiments.

One should not forget to have a shelf at the bottom of
the stairs, or somewhere conveniently at hand, holding a row
of bedtime candlesticks.

The vacation home, whether high and dry on terra firma
or floating on a waterway, should be appropriately furnished
for people who expect to spend most of their time in the
open air, but at the same time it should embody the neces-
sary comforts to make this house a pleasant place during
inclement weather; cosy enough to plead against exposure.

June, 1912

AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS

Height and dignity was given to this living-room by hanging draperies at the windows so as to increase the apparent altitude

ADDING HEIGHT TO A WINDOW
PLEASING example of the “Value of Effect in In-
terior Decoration,’ which was discussed in this depart-
ment in our March number, is shown in the two accompany-
ing illustrations of a living-room.

The low windows gave a squatty appearance to the whole
room and brought the ceiling down too low. This effect was

counteracted by hanging long curtains in straight folds at
the windows, connected by a wide valance, which covered
the space above the windows and brought them up to the
height of the doors. In this manner one third was added
to the apparent height of the windows, and the whole room
was improved out of all proportion to the task involved.

The built-in bookshelves snugly fill the awkward space.

THE DECORATIVE VALUE OF BOOKS

VERY room should be peculiarly adapted to the pur-

pose for which it is intended and if this element is lack-
ing the room is a failure. A library immediately suggests
books—books large and small, rare and unique, or, in all
probability, just ordinary books, but, nevertheless, a library
should be built around its books. They must dominate the
room and become its principal decoration, for when the
chief reason which justifies the existence of a room can be
treated in a decorative manner, then one is approaching real
decoration. When properly placed and massed, books will
add to the decorative quality of a room, whether they rise
from floor to ceiling in serried rows, the various colors of
their bindings weaving a dull-toned tapestry, or if one’s
books only occupy the space of a modest bookshelf.

To obtain the best decorative effect from books depends
entirely on the manner in which they are arranged. The low
bookcases, having glass doors, such as are usually seen, pro-
tect the books from dust, but they also hide them so that the
books do not get their full value in the decorative scheme.
Ordinary built-in bookshelves, such as can be made by any
carpenter, commend themselves for this purpose and have a
number of good points in their favor. They can be made
to fit exactly into any desired space, either large or small,
can be built up to any height, and painted or stained to
accord with the general color scheme of a room. When the
outer edge of the upright supporting boards are grooved,
to take away the appearance of boxiness, and finished with
a plain molding at the top, the bookshelves will be both
sightly, artistic and inconspicuous. If a great many books
are to be housed, it is a good plan to have low-set, built-in
shelves run entirely around the room, coming to the same
height as the shelf of the mantelpiece. The temptation to
place a quantity of bric-a-brac on top of the low-set shelves
must be resisted, only a few pieces of faience, brass or cop-
per, or a colored plaster bust, or other objects possessing

real artistic merit should find a resting place here. Satis-
factory dimensions for such bookshelves are four and a half
feet high, with four shelves at graduated heights. The
lower shelf should be four inches from the floor, and the
lower shelves ten inches wide and the top one twelve inches.
Bookshelves of this height permit of pictures being hung
above them on a line with the eye. If additional book room
is desirable, the shelves can be erected between windows
and be just the same height as the windows themselves.

In an old house which had a deep chimney-breast, the
spaces on either side of the library mantel to the corners
of the room were filled with bookshelves, rising almost to
the ceiling, and just deep enough so that the outer edge of
the shelves were flush with the chimney-breast. When plan-
ning a new house large enough to devote one room to library
purposes, it is an excellent idea to decide beforehand just
where the books are going to be placed, and have these
spaces sunk into the walls, so that when the books are in
place the backs of the volumes will be flush with the wall
surface. A room treated in this way will have the effect of
being paneled with books. This gives a more solid and sub-
stantial appearance than can be obtained with built-in book-
shelves. If a room should have an extra closet which is not
used, the door could be removed and shelves built in, the
finished effect, after the books had been arranged in rows,
being much the same as that referred to above. If a rest-
ing place is required for only a few books, the shelves can
be built into an angle of a room, where no other piece of
furniture would fit conveniently, and the bindings of the
books will decorate this corner effectively. In a combina-
tion living-room and library, the bookshelves could be built
partly around the end of the room and would accommodate
all of the books found in the average house. In one house
the writer saw a good arrangement of bookshelves over
and around a couch. In the space between two doors, a
box couch was placed against the wall, and plain book-
shelves, ten inches deep, extended three feet at either end of
the couch. ‘This completely filled the space. The shelves
were built up in a tier of five, the top one extending all the
way across over the couch below. When the books were
placed in orderly array, this uninteresting wall-space and
box-couch took on an air of distinction and the effect was
extremely good. The space over a built-in seat in an ingle-
nook will often be found a convenient place for shelves to
hold books.

The built-in bookshelves should be strong and substantial,
not only in reality, but in appearance as well; strong enough
to carry the weight of the books they are designed to hold.
When they extend to a height of six feet or so, a stool should
be provided, that will not tip over, so as to reach a volume.

224 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

[S§cconGooco Fe [[Ol]kedocoagoooo fel
cane the Cadel

JUNE IN THE GARDEN
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and others

HAT a month of joyfulness is June in the
garden! It seems only yesterday that we
were coaxing Mother Nature to lift her
white blanket that Spring might awaken to
new life the sleeping plants that lend their
color to the season. We are reminded of
all the poets of the garden, Wordsworth, Tennyson, even
old Geoffrey Chaucer, who sings in one of his prologues:

‘‘When almost ended was the month of May,
Along the meadows green, whereof I told,
The freshly springing daisy to behold,
And when the sun declined from south to west,
And closed was this fair flower, and gone to rest,
For fear of darkness that she held in dred,
Home to my house full hastily I sped;
And, in a little garden of my own,
Well-benched with fresh-cut turf, with grass o’ergrown
I bade that men my couch should duly make;
For daintiness and for the Summer’s sake,
I bade them strew fresh blossoms o’er my bed.”’

Every corner of the lawn and garden deserves the careful attention that
has been given to this attractively planted terrace nook

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

June, 1912

We will find the lovely Columbine blossoming this month
yellow or scarlet or red or purple or white, that flower of
strangely contrasted names, borrowing Columbine from the
Latin columba, a dove, and Aquilegia (its scientific name),
from aquila, an eagle! In the old, old days of yore, credu-
lous folk called it Lion’s Herb, believing that it was the
favorite food of these fierce animals of the desert and
jungle. And nowadays we fondly couple the name Colum-
bine with Columbia, and even find an association of enthu-
siasts who seek to propagate the idea of its adoption as
America’s national flower, just as the Rose is for England
and the Lily for France. Monkshood will be blossoming
in June too. It is a lovely plant, but a sinister one. It was
brewed by Medea to fill the poisoned cup offered the wary
Theseus. It was with the juice of Monkshood (dconite)
that the ancients used to anoint their weapons when pre-
paring to do battle, and the old-time Greeks were wont to
tell how Chiron, the Centaur, discovered its dreaded powers
by dropping upon his hoof an arrow that had been dipped
in the juice of the plant, his death accompanying his dis-
covery. ‘They believed too that Monkshood was sown in
the garden of Hecate by Cerberus, the three-headed mon-
ster who guarded the place of shadows. But June’s garden
will find within its borders flowers of less sorrowful an
ancestry,—Campanula (Venus’s Looking-glass), Iris (the
Lily-of-France), Honeysuckle, Hollyhock, Jasmine (to the
Arabs the flower of love), Linden (the holy tree of the old
Germans), the Rose, Pyrethrum, Salpiglossis, Schizanthus,
Sedum, Spirea, Sweet Alyssum, Sweet Pea, Veronica, the
Violet (sacred to Venus when the gods were still upon Olym-
pus), and the Larkspur, though that beautiful plant has al-
most as sorrowful a history as the Aconite. ‘This was the
flower the marks of whose petals formed the letters A I A,
signifying Ajax, terror of the Trojans, for it was believed
that the blood of this disappointed hero dropped upon the
earth, and from it the Larkspur as Delphinium Ajacis
sprung forth.

F course there may be those to whom a garden means
just plants—vegetables to eat or flowers to sniff at—
prosaic persons who are so busy just living to-day that it
never occurs to them that yesterday makes it possible and
to-morrow will make it profitable. Why, when the whole
world is full of interesting things about everything, should
anyone be content to know almost nothing about anything?
And isn’t it true that we know too little about the things in
our gardens, though we may pride ourselves greatly on the
knowledge we have acquired of the subject of getting them
in.
O care for the poetry of things does not mean deserting
practical problems. ‘Thus it comes to pass that if we
would have beautiful flowers to talk about (and fat vege-
tables—-what a temptation the mundane is, after all!)—
we must go about the business of completing the manual

AMERICAN

June, 1912

tasks that June sets for us in her gardens.
There will be cabbages, peppers, and cauli-
flowers and celery to set out, Dahlias and
Gladioli to set in the earth, tomato vines
to tie up, berry bushes to spray a couple
of times (fruit trees too), privet to be
trimmed, late crops to be sown—beets,
carrots, corn, turnips, potatoes, radishes,
beans, etc., and one must be on the alert
for cut-worms, currant worms, rose-beetles,
and other insect pests that afflict our gar-
dens. In June, when the Hyacinth and
Tulip leaves have turned color, the bulbs
should be lifted and stored in the cellar
until it is time to set them out in the Fall,
and the withering leaves of the Daffodils
should be cut away and the grass mown
where the Crocus have bloomed and now
leave only their sere stems to remind one
of their late loveliness, that quality which
makes amendment for all the earthiness of
the hunt for pests or spraying of vines.

SS ee ee ee ee @ |e ees ee eee) cee meee meee ees] © | eee aes eee ee

SUMMER WORK IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN
(Continued from page 203)
ee es Ole ee oe eee ee Oca ee

ars are big enough, transplant to two or ehree inches apart
each way. In September, as cool weather comes on, they
will be ready for setting out, the early sorts in the garden,
later sorts of later plantings in the cold-frame, where by
protecting with sashes and mats, or better still, with double-
glass sash, they may be had, without heat, until after
Thanksgiving.

FIGHTING INSECT PESTS

One of the most important tasks in the Summer garden,
is keeping the numerous and destructive insect enemies at
bay. The first thing to be remembered in this warfare is that
you must get the enemy before he gets you. Preventive
“remedies” are the only successful ones. If bugs, borers,
beetles, plant-lice or any of this ilk once get a start, it is al-
most certain that they will ruin a good part if not all of the
crop.

Plant enemies are of two kinds—those which eat, and
those which suck plant juices. The latter are practically im-
pervious to any internal poisons such as Paris green or Ar-
senate of Lead. If the following remedies are used in time,
they should prove effective in safeguarding your garden:

THE EATERS REMEDY THE SUCKERS REMEDY
Asparagus beetle _______ 3-4 Aphis (plant-lice) -_____
Cabbage worm _____-__. Squash orers____---- __ -2
Tomato worm _________- 4-5 Squdashpue == 325225 2.2 ]-2-3-4
Cucumber beetle J Wiinitestly e-22245).-.-_- 3-4
es ]

HOMES AND GARDENS

The yellow Coreopsis is one of the
best garden flowers for cutting

22%

(1) Covered boxes or plant protectors: Where these can
be employed, as in covering hills of melons and cucumbers,
they are the simplest, easiest and surest way of saving
trouble and damage. (2) Hand picking: If the beetles or
bugs do put in an appearance, knock them off with a small
wooden paddle into a pan half-full of water and kerosene.
Destroy all eggs. (3) Kerosene emulsion: Dissolve 1%
pound soap in 1 quart boiling water and mix with 2 gallons
kerosene and 1 gallon water, and churn or pump until a
thick cream is obtained. For use, dilute 10 to 12 times
with water and spray on. (4) TYobacco-dust: If you can
procure a good strong honest grade, this will prove very ef-
fective in keeping off both plant-lice and bugs. Dust on the
leaves very thickly. (5) Arsenate of Lead: ‘This is much
safer, surerand more lasting than Paris green. Use at the
the rate of 3 pounds in 50 gallons of water
and strain well before filling sprayer. If
you will take the slight trouble to keep a
supply of the above on hand and watch
your plants daily, and act immediately on
the first sign of the enemies’ presence, your
garden should come safely through the
Summer campaign, and will reward your
vigilance a hundred-fold.

COREOPSIS

HE Coreopsis should find a place in

every American garden, not only by
reason of its beauty, but also because few
garden flowers are more easily grown.
Moreover its blossoms continue late into
the Autumn and it is one of the most de-
pendable of flowers for cutting. Many spe-
cies of Coreopsis are also known, in florists’
lists, as Calliopsis. The annual garden va-
rieties may be raised in any soil. The per-
ennial varieties are excellent for arranging
in hardy borders, their brilliant yellows
and rich browns forming exquisite contrasts.

Blazing Star einen cnven in light il Al Bieomeeilate Sina

226 AMERICAN ebsites AND GARDENS

HELPS TO. fia
BOL Se

THE MOTHER’S PART IN ATHLETICS
By Elizabeth Atwood

AM sure that helps to the housewife may be
found in suggestions relating to other things
than the table. Believing that athletics
should form a great part of the lives of our
boys and girls, it seems to me a mother’s
part to be actively interested in developing
the athletic spirit. She must sacrifice her fears, and take an
interest in the games—not hinder them.

Play is as natural to boys and girls as is the running of
the dog who doubles and trebles the distance when you
take him for a walk. This same spirit continues through
life unless perverted, but at no period is it more pronounced
than through school and college. Dr. Henry S. Curtis,
Secretary of the Playground
Association of America, who
must know well what is good
for boys and girls, believes that
what we want is more of joy and
fun. Who ever raised a family
of children without knowing just
that? I claim that children need
a mother’s interest in their fun
as in their work.

Because of this very influence
for happiness and added interest
in school and its requirements,
I am a friend to school athletics.
I fully believe in their power for
good, from the days of “Crack
the Whip” and “Tag,” with all
the trying accompaniments for
the mother, of worn knees of the
stockings and torn trousers, to
the days of baseball and foot-
ball, with its worn clothes and
torn flesh to be mended. This
is what mothers are for.

Class spirit, team spirit, merg-
ing into town spirit, is the re-
sult, and is for good. The need
for high scholarship to qualify a boy for his membership of
the team gives a happy impetus to his school work, under
which the necessary grind loses much of its pain. It is all
well enough to say that we send our children to school to
study, but the world moves, and educators know that play
must and should be provided for, as well as the study. I
am forced to admit that boys have much more conscience
about athletics than they have about study, but this is only
another reason why they are bound to be helped by their
association with athletics. A fun-loving boy, not meaning

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF JNTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

A novelty for the table-—Grape-fruit holder

Pa IgI2

to be a shirk, drifts along in the easiest way, laughing at
his parents’ anxiety over his work, content to just squeak
through, and loses no sleep over a failure. But just let a
chance of joining the “team” appear, and presto! all
changes.

It does not make a student or a grind out of him, but
the actual stimulus does lift him out of his careless ways.
His marks begin to improve, and his habits have to,
if he has been given to smoking or to drinking too many
sodas.

This in turn helps the physical condition and produces
the healthy body. Boys must be doing something, so give
them the right thing to do and encourage them in it. A
great moral education may be conveyed through this very
play. A place where boys may run off, as in baseball or
football, some of their boiling, surging energy, is just what
they need. This same energy
is what will make them efficient
citizens; and to direct and help
it along in healthful lines is a
mother’s contribution—as much
her duty, as to feed thiem
properly.

Another moral effect is in the
guiding of the mind along
healthful lines; and in this in-
spiring, active out-of-doors ex-
ercise working off morbid
thoughts, or better still, leaving
no room for them to come. We
cannot quietly set this possibility
of danger aside, and if there is
no cause for fear for our boy,
his example will be helpful to
the one in danger. I always feel
that the active boys on the field
are safer than the looker-on
who pays more attention to his
girl-comrade than he does to the
game.

There are mothers unwise
enough to forbid all rough play.
When my children were small,
they had a great contempt for some children whose mothers
would not allow them to play any games where their clothes
would suffer. With merciless candor they expressed them-
selves, these relentless, active school children, and dubbed
the nice, clean boys “‘sissies.”” What insupportable anguish
that mother inflicted upon her children! They were pale
and puny, generally ailing, and practically ostracized. My
boy said, when I remonstrated, ‘‘Oh, yes, Harry always
knows his lessons, but he’s no good, ’cause he can’t play.”
Later on in life I have seen the really terrible effects pro--

June, 1912

duced by mothers who honestly thought they were acting
for their boy’s best good. They had nerves, these mothers,
but I think they were entirely responsible for their con-
dition. One told me, “I just can’t bear to let Billy do
the stunts these boys are doing. It makes me nervous just
to have him swimming around.” And, then, discovering
that her precious Billy was out of hearing with some of
the other boys and girls, she went into the cottage and had
a fit of hysterics. The father whose first thought was for
his nervouse wife, gave Billy a scolding, and the air was
not charged with
happiness for this family.

Here was Billy, a stal-
wart six-footer, constantly
handicapped by a nervous
mother. I felt terribly
sorry for the boy, and
tried to show this mother
how she was making her
boy very unhappy. Billy
had the build for athletics,
and, of course, it made
him cross and irritable to
be held back in this way,
as though he were a puny
six-year-old. It was no
use, for Billy’s mother
had that most awful, with
men (and Billy’s father
was no exception), that
most potent argument
always ready—tears!

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

TWO CHERRY DESSERTS
By Mary H. Northend

Cherry Cakes—Bake any good plain cake mixture in gem pans and
cut a thick slice from the bottom of each one while hot.

227

that my boy could deceive me so!”’ I am afraid I was not
as full of sympathy as I should have been, for I told her
point-blank that she had brought it on herself by treating her
boy of man’s stature as though he were three years old. I
confess my sympathies were with that boy.
When a woman is permitted to be a mother of boys, she
must try to look at things from the boy’s point of view. It
is only in this way that she can cultivate a spirit of regard
for her wishes. If a mother allows herself to be unreason-
able and exacting, so that her boy, fearful of a scene—and
boys do so hate scenes—
simply does not tell her of
what he is doing, does she
not invite deception? And
is this a good thing? A
mother loses a great deal

‘| who is not_a comrade to
her boy.

I think that the women
of to-day, whether they
gain the vote they are
clamoring for or not, have
a great responsibility on
their shoulders. It be-
longs to them to develop a
higher regard for truth.
Where is this to be done?
In the home, of course.
Woman must be wise in
her restrictions when she
is handling boys. She must
not restrain them to the

Have ready

How I hate them!
The crisis came one
day, as it was bound to

some preserved or ripe sweet cherries halved and pitted, decorate the

cakes with these and serve immediately with vanilla sauce. If more

cherries are desired they may be cut up and added to the sauce just
before serving.

point of losing their con-
fidence, or she invites evils
far greater than those she

come. There was great ex-
citement, for the time had
come when, the water
being warm enough and
all in good practice, it was
decided that two girls who
had been begging for the
privilege of swimming
across the lake should be
allowed to do so. It was
a strong mile. Of course,
Billy was wild to do it,
too, for some of the boys
were to swim with the
girls; other were to be in
the boats and canoes. Of
course, it was a great
event for us all.

Do you suppose Billy’s
mother roused herself to
say yes? Well, she didn’t.
She began to cry and “‘take

a thin sugar syrup.
through a jelly bag.

unmold, fill the

center

on,” as only a nervous
woman knows how to do,
and poor Billy in self-defence took to his canoe. He fairly
writhed under this lashing of his pride. A girl to swim

across the lake, and he refused permission to do it! I can’t
think of anything more humiliating to a boy of strength
and power, for Billy was a good swimmer, and was natu-
rally tired of swimming parallel to the shore.

He had reached the limit of his patience, and the next
day he went to a neighboring cottage, where he was out of
sight and hearing of his mother, and swam across the lake!
When I was called upon later to reason with Billy’s mother,
who had heard about it, she was moaning and wailing, ‘‘Oh,

Cherry Jelly—Stone a quart of cherries and boil them for an hour in

Flavor the syrup with lemon juice, and strain
Then add one ounce of dissolved gelatine,
turn into a mold and set away to harden.
with whipped cream,
whole cherries.

denounces.

Here is another case of
a foolish mother, and an
equally foolish father, for,
in his care of the mother
he requires too much of
the boy. Hal is in a pre-
paratory school, and this
school has a very fine foot-
ball team. Hal is well set
up, large and tall, just the
very one you would pick
out for football. His com-
rades think so, too. His
fond parents donot. They
have allowed him to play
with the boys at home un-
til he is a good player.
But at the preparatory
school he is forbidden to
take a place on the team.

Here is injustice to the
boy which he recognizes.
He has reached man’s
stature, but his parents do not see anything but their little
boy. He has claims to an exercise of judgment for himself
which his parents do not see. He is commanded not to do
a thing in one place which he has been allowed to do in
another. Is not deception bound to follow? In this case
it did, and the boy will be on the “‘team”’ another year. Is
not this deception worse than a broken nose.?

Mothers must allow their sons to grow up. They must
help them to be clean and pure and strong. If the boys
yearn for baseball and football, and, mother-like, they must
feel anxious, bear the suffering and be ready to bind up

When ready to serve,
and garnish with

228 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

possible wounds, which will sooner mend for your solicitude.

Athletics make for health and strength of body. Inter-
est in the game of the season is always a good stimulant in
other directions. Happy is the home into which all this
interest is brought, sure of hearty sympathy. My home is
one of the places where boys gather to discuss these im-
portant matters. , I hear much of the talk. I would not
care to give cause for the remarks to be made about me that
I have heard about Hal’s mother, for instance.

How much good athletics stand for is proved right here
in New York. There are over one hundred baseball fields
provided by the city. What joy for the boys this means!
Long live athletics! Mothers, help your boys by over-
coming your fears, and becoming interested in their play,
instead of always worrying over their work, and great will
be your reward, in their finer development of mind and body.
ESSN sp fox fmm te el LOS eet oe fO teceo ta fte mG (NS,

AN AMERICAN COTTAGE OF ENGLISH TYPE

(Continued from page 206)
EE) ei exc en lO mea fe ol LSS) [OD a co nme meso a seen aoe AEC

living-room is low ceiled and the woodwork is paneled,
which give the somewhat ‘‘distinguished” effect such treat-
ment always conveys. The cornice of the mantel shelf is
continued upon each side as a narrow ledge upon which may
be placed photographs, small framed pictures and the vari-
ous other small possessions which accumulate in a family
living-room. Wide doors open into the dining-room, where
one entire side is taken up by a row of casement windows
opening upon a broad terrace which afford a view across
the stretch of green lawn into the forest beyond. In one
corner of the dining-room is the entrance to the pantry, be-
yond which is the kitchen and the service entrance, and the
servant’s stairway to the floor above. One corner of the
house contains the little room called the ‘“‘den’’—a small
study, office or smoking-room which makes the little sanctum
a man often wishes to have for his own.

The upper floor is divided into four bedrooms and two
bathrooms for family use and a maid’s room which 1s pro-
vided with a bath. Closets in plenty are provided and the
bedrooms are so placed that each possesses windows in two
directions which give ‘cross current” ventilation. The little
sleeping balcony which opens from one of the bedrooms is
sheltered by panels of latticework and screened with wire
netting.

The Russell house has not been built long enough to be
surrounded with the shrubbery and vegetation which do so
much to complete the setting which such a home requires.
The window-boxes with their blooming plants and hanging
vines and the narrow borders for growing plants just below
the groups of first floor windows, are probably merely the
beginning of the work which time and nature will provide.
imran Oe eS

BOYS’ CAMPS
(Continued from page 2£7)
Mi = aap iae jain EO
and the campfire, the mountain spring, and the carefull
chosen bed on the pine needles after the long day’s tramp,
weave a train of delightful memories that are never for-
gotten.

Besides these special trips, there are many unique events,
generally arranged for. Camp bonfires, Saturday evening
entertainments, barbeques, corn roasts, minstrel shows, kin-
dergarten parties, vaudeville, and historical pageants, are
included in the list, all originated and carried out by the
boys. Then, too, at the end of the season a field and water
day is held, affording to the friends and the parents of the
campers an opportunity to judge of the prowess gained
from constant practice during the Summer, and constitut-
ing a fitting close to this season of beneficial enjoyment.

June, 1912

SR OS CRS ft cca bf coco fi (0) fo ooo cmc tes fac conn bel HEA) [O} (CARD ocensco i foocroam bef) ft caso oocn ff ooondponao bh AS RO}
PORTABLE HOUSES FOR THE LONG VACATION
(Continued from page 219)

FREE LOE xem te fo xen te ft econo tof coon bel FE) CO

SE ft ce rc fp ccne el (0 fog cccfoca fi fajcor foo be EISNLC) (GED
it may be easily reached from the dining-room by a covered
passageway. It is very easy to add another room to a port-
able building should circumstances make it necessary, al-
though added sleeping quarters are very often placed in a
building to themselves, wholly apart from the main struc-
ture. In planning the house a covered porch or veranda
should certainly be included, for it adds very little to the
cost and increases wonderfully the comfort and convenience
of the cottage. If two porches may be included one might
be wire screened and used as an out-of-door sleeping-room.

A portable cottage, more than any other type of vacation
home, should be very simply furnished with merely the
things required for actual use, but this need not prevent the
appearance being very inviting and attractive.

The simplicity demanded in such a home is very often the
cause of very interesting and beautiful interior arrangements,
for excellent results are sometimes obtained by the tasteful
and careful placing of very little furniture, simple draperies,
and a few rugs. ‘The selection of cooking apparatus is a
very important item and is governed largely by the choice of
locality in which the vacation home is to be established. Gas
or electricity as fuel are apt to be difficult or impossible to
procure and either coal or wood would produce a heat too
great for the comfort of the cook unless the roof of the
kitchen be ‘‘hinged” to provide proper ventilation. The
choice of fuel narrows down, therefore, to gasoline and kero-
sene, but excellent cooking-stoves of these kinds are procur-
able and the oil to supply them may be obtained anywhere.

It is surprising what an amount of pleasure and comfort
may be had from a vacation spent in one’s own cottage.
Every part of the country abounds in beautiful and easily
accessible spots for the erecting of a Summer home, and
ground sufficient for one of these little portable houses may
be rented for almost nothing. When the building arrives
from the factory it can be readily set into place, one’s be-
longings arranged in the various rooms, and a few quick-
growing vines planted to shade the veranda and the windows.
If the vacation home be established sufficiently early in the
season it may even be possible to make a flower or vegetable
garden which will afford the pleasure and satisfaction one
feels in ‘‘making things grow.” The vacation will prove a
time of rest and content which can never be had by those
who spend their Summers in resort hotels. With the end
of the season the house should be made ready for the Win-
ter and until another vacation time comes around. If the
next Summer is to be spent at a different place the house
should be carefully taken apart and stored away until an-
other season brings new uses for its comfort and _ inde-
pendence. ;

Portable buildings of either of the two types which have
been described are useful, of course, in many ways besides
as residences and are in service everywhere as churches,
schoolhouses, barns, garages, etc. They are often utilized
as studios and an enterprising architect has established him-
self in a portable house upon the roof of a skyscraper in
lower New York. The chief function of the portable
building, however, is as a home, and as such it has been on
trial for the greater part of twenty years and in a great
variety of localities extending from Maine to California
and from Minnesota to Florida. The use of such a build-
ing as a permanent home is possible, of course, in any but
the most rigorous climate, and even there it could be used
throughout the year with a small expenditure for a lining
particularly heavy. Study the question carefully and choose
a type of portable house adapted to your requirements,

. =

June, 1912

ELECTRIC COOKING ON RAILROAD
TRAINS

LECTRICITY has been applied in a

new way to increase the comfort of
railway travel by the introduction of electric
cooking devices on the dining cars of cer-
tain fast trains between Chicago and the
Northwest. A feature of the service is
that the passengers are encouraged to dis-
play their culinary skill. Connection to the
lighting current of the train, which is sup-
plied by a steam turbine generator set, is
made at an outlet at every table to which
the usual devices—frying pan, water heater
and egg boiler, chafing dish, teakettle,
toaster, coffee percolator—are connected.
Apart from the diversion of thus varying
the monotony of a long railroad trip, food
prepared in the kitchen is maintained in
good condition by electrically heated re-
ceptacles.

THE JAPANESE AS PHOTOG-
RAPHERS

WRITER in the “Japanese Maga-

zine’ has the following interesting
information to give concerning photog-
raphy in Japan: about two thirds of a cen-
tury ago (1843) photography was among
the innovations that came to Japan with
the introduction of Western civilization.
Lord Mito was one of the first men of
prominence to start investigations in pho-
tography. He sent Kikuchi, one of his
retainers, to Nagasaki, where he learned
of a Dutch book containing elementary

instructions in photography, and was
able to secure it. Kikuchi had the book
translated into Japanese, and having

mastered the subject, returned to instruct
the prince. Immediately the necessary
outfit, camera, chemicals, etc., were or-
dered through the Dutch merchants in
Nagasaki. They arrived, and the art of
photography was practised for the first
time by Lord Mito himself. The prog-
ress and use of the art and its study were
seriously retarded by the superstitious
fear and dread with which it was re-
garded by the people, who thought it en-
dangered their lives. Shemoaka Renja
was the first in the field as a professional,
and met with the greatest difficulties in
pursuing his work. To gain the neces-
sary knowledge of the art of photography
he entered the service of the American
Envoy as a menial, as he had heard that
the Minister’s interpreter was well
equipped for taking photographs. The
latter readily complied with his request
for lessons in the principles of photog-
raphy. Learning of the arrival in Yoko-
hama of a real photographer from
America, Shemoaka straightway left for
the port to make his acquaintance. He
succeeded in acquiring the photog-
rapher’s complete equipment, and opened
his own studio to the public. But he had
to depend entirely upon the patronage of
foreigners, for no Japanese could be in-
duced to go near such a place. At first
things went well enough; but later he
had great difficulties in replenishing the
small laboratory, and worse still, was
ignorant as to the preparations in which
the chemicals must be used. His experi-
ments resulted in utter failure, and he
was about to abandon his beloved project
when a final trial brought success, to his
great joy. Knowing he could find ready
sale for pictures of the city, he placed his
camera inside a palanquin, so that he
could manipulate behind drawn curtains,
as he did not dare to take the pictures
openly. By having himself carried

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Pleasant as a Touring Car
for Summer Driving

The all-round window space of the Silent Waverley Limousine-Five makes it

the ideal electric for summer driving.

When all the windows are down it is open as a touring car, with the added
comfort of a roof to break the sun’s rays.

The Silent Waverley Limousine-Five

* SILENT
Oy

Design and Construction Patented

Seating five grown people, the
driver on the front seat with full view
ahead, the Limousine-Five is not
merely the woman’s car, but the
family town and suburban car, luxuri-
ous, economical and convenient.

Easy to drive as the smallest

brougham—easy riding as a cradle.

| The Waverley Company,

New York
2010 Broadway

Philadelphia
2043 Market Street

aah te
th

SLPS

E
3

Loudonville, N. Y.

CP Pe IL aoe Re

to you.

FT a ee

® Explains the care your trees need, how we work and
Ls what we have done for others and can do for you.
r)
a

APPLETON & SEWALL CO., Inc.,

162 Fifth Avenue, New York

4
f,
‘) 2a &@- 6 @ = B~ ec x 8 eo

E i -e~ Ce x ee 2s oe <. e eK eS eH ss ee

Apple Tree in Wm. S. ey Orchard
We have the men, the brains and the experience to put your shade or orchard trees

in perfect shape—to bring the invalids back to health and keep the well trees well.

Let one of our representatives go over your trees, tell you what they need and
what it will cost to put them in perfect order.

absolutely guarantee our work and inspect it every year without extra cost

Write us to-day when we can talk this matter over with you.

Send for Our Free Book ‘‘Making Good’’ in Trees

And literally, silent, like all Waverley ©
Electrics.

Let us send you the Waverley Art
Book of Town cars, showing ten mod- ~
els. Prices from $3,500 to $1,225. |
Also the Waverley Catalog of Com- |
mercial Vehicles. Exide, Waverley,
National, Ironclad or Edison Batteries. |

Factory and Home Office
226 South East Street, Indianapolis, Indiana

Chicago Branch

St.. Louis ;
4432 Olive Street 2005 Michigan Boulevard

gg RT LL

FFE OSS: SBS:

|How M.

any of Your
Trees Need This

Treatment ?

“Spoke chaining’”” has saved many a fine
old tree when its owner thought it was lost.

{

(}

{

Ah
mock)

Every one of your trees is worth money to
you—are valuable assets to your property.
Therefore, take the best possible care of them.
It takes years to grow new ones.

PEI al PE PEPE PSPC

This costs you nothing.

Foresters and &
urveyors

xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1912

a0 ro WOSUESTEARGRnE =e
poem

pores ye

=a “2S SaePeeeee

Clinton Wire Lath is ieee

Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth

even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the

plaster eliminates all danger of cracking.

In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its
durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away.

Fs]
e||
‘el

ite

Write for descriptive matter

—

paGuanneee |
BeGeaeeee=

LOE
on (sauSauaanauaue

4 t
L.
»*
a
7

oereeertre cit
‘i “Ceninon ach Si ; s
hel id ai ce et | a

tL) PEE EE EEE EEE a

Sicage _ eaeTaITL , AOS

NOW READY =
The Scientific American

Handbook of Travel

With Hints for the Ocean Voyage for European
Tours :-: A Practical Guide to London and Paris

By ALBERT A. HOPKINS

Editor of Scientific American Reference Book. 500 Pages. 500 Illus-
trations. Flexible cover, $2.00, net. Full leather, $2.50, net, postpaid.

At last the ideal guide, the result of twenty years of study and
travel, is completed. It is endorsed by every steamship and rail-

road company in Europe. To those who are not planning a trip it is
equally informing. Send for illustrated circular containing 100 questions
out of 2,500 this book will answer. Itis mailed free and will give some kind of idea of the contents of
this unique book, which should be in the hands of all readers of the, American Homes and Gardens,
as it tells you exactly what you have wanted to know about a trip abroad and the ocean voyage.

WHAT THE BOOK CONTAINS—500 Illustrations, 6 Color Plates, 9 Maps in Pocket,
Names 2,000 Hotels, with price; All About Ships, “A Safer Sea,’”’ Automobiling in Europe,
The Sea and its Navigation, Statistical Information, Ocean Records, 400 Tours With
Prices, The Passion Plays, Practical Guide to London, Practical Guide to Paris.

'MUNN & CO,, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

through the streets he was able to obtain
fifteen views—the first photographs of
public places in Japan—which brought
him large returns. In time the people
learned to understand photography, and
they became as enthusiastic in its favor
as they had been against it previously,
and photographers sprang up over the
various cities.

VACATION STUDIES

HE Summer vacation gives opportuni-

ties to those who have problems in
planting to solve to learn by the mistakes of
others what not to do, or if the vacation be
spent in the wilds, nature undefiled may be
full of pregnant suggestions about what
to do.

A knowledge of even a part of our native
trees and shrubs will be of the greatest
assistance to people who wish to improve
their own places by planting.

Most of the poor planting that one sees
is poor because the trees and shrubs used
are unsuited to their environment and a
study of our native plants as they grow
wild should go far to keep one from using
unsuitable material.

If you stay in one place for your whole
vacation it would be an excellent thing to
make a sort of flora of the district includ-
ing all the interesting trees and shrubs.

If your vacation is a rambling one then
you could still make a list of good things
with larger observations on their adapta-
bility to different situations and their gen-
eral luxuriance of growth.

The artistic aspect of trees and shrubs
should be studied and for those who have
any facility in sketching there is no way
so good,

The soil where such plants grow should
be noted with care and also the situation—
whether it is wet, moist or dry ground.

Botanies are usually deficient in their de-
scriptions of the soil, and situation in which
plants grow and such knowledge is of great
value.

The number of trees and shrubs in any
locality is, of course, influenced by man
and the uses to which he has put the land,
but there are many places where almost
primeval conditions exist and those will be
particularly interesting to study. The
adaptation of plants to a new environment
or to new conditions of light or whatever
is worth study. The Laurel (Kalmia
angustifolia) for instance must certainly be
a plant of the deep woods, yet it grows
luxuriantly when the woods are cut off.

The determining factor in the distribu-
tion of many trees and shrubs is no doubt
the condition necessary for the germination
of their seeds and for their first year or
two of life. Thus the Button Bush
(Cephalanthus occidentalis) can be trans-
planted to any good soil, but I have never
found it wild except close to the water.

In a similar way the fact that a certain
tree or shrub grows in poor soil does not
prove that it will not grow in rich soil, but
only that the soil is too poor for any other
shrubs to grow with the same luxuriance.

The power of resistance of any plant to
adverse conditions deserves study, and can
be studied to advantage in successive vaca-
tions, if they be spent in different localities.

The Red Cedar will grow in sand or clay,
in the crevice of a spray dashed rock on
the hill tops, or in the valley, and some
other plants show a similar hardihood.

A list of plants growing along the coast
would be of great value if it stated the
exact soil and situation in which each plant
was found. Does the Beach Plum grow
only in the sand or will it grow just at the

June, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV

meeting point of sand and marsh? Which
plants will endure salt spray, and which will
endure occasional submergence by perigee
tides? How far down over tidal rivers
does the sweet flag (4corus Calamus)
grow?

The oaks are little understood. They
grow throughout the country, but how
many people can predict with certainty
where any species will be found or will be
absent ?

When one has a particularly difficult prob-
lem in planting a study of the plants grow-
ing wild under similar conditions is obvi-
ously necessary, but with any problem
some knowledge of the sort is desirable.
In ornamental planting we often see many
shrubs struggling against impossible con-
ditions—impossible for them, but quite fav-
orable for some other plant of equal beauty
though of different characteristics.

The accidental groupings of trees, shrubs
and plants which one sees while in the re-
ceptive mood induced by a Summer vaca-
tion are full of suggestions for the thought-
ful amateur. The reproduction of such
groups will perhaps be difficult, but it is not
impossible if one studies the soil and situa-
tion and the fortuitous circumstances which
have made the group possible. The asso-
ciation of species under natural conditions
will give one ideas for grouping plants, and
will prevent such absurdities as the com-

No Locks are Yale Locks unless made by Yale & Towne

That your Builders’
Hardware should be

Yale is obvious.

That you will have the Master-key
System is not so obvious, because you
may not yet know the convenience,
safety, compactness and efhciency of

the Yale Master-key, especially as
expressed in the Yale Bicentric Lock.

The Yale Bicentric Lock has two key- _ Send for

bination of cedars and willows.

Observations of many ornamental plant-
ings should quickly give one an idea of the
most useful trees and shrubs, and the
older the plantations are the more useful
will be their testimony.

Japanese barberry is a most satisfactory
shrub, but sometimes it fails completely.

ways—one for the Master-key, the other
for the individual key. Each throws a
different set of pin-tumblers which oper-
ate the same bolt. The Yale Bicentric
Lock—or, for that matter, any Yale
Cylinder Lock or Yale Bit-key Lock with
Master-key—can be installed with the
Builders’ Hardware at the same time

these books:

The Norway spruce is, of course, the fam-
ous example of an introduced tree ill suited
to this climate. There are many others
equally unsuited, and the signs of their un-
suitability should begin to show in many
plantations. One can never know, of
course, what the absolute failures have
been. They die and are taken out within
the year usually, but much can be learned
by a study of the flourishing or struggling
remainder.

This book applies

without additional cost for installing. the Master Key

Theapplication of the principleissowide \ir ae woing to
that the padlock on your chicken coops _ build or rebuild.
may be opened with the same Master-

key that unlocks the big front door.

The Yale & Towne Mig. Co.

Makers of YALE Products -
General Offices: 9 Murray St., New York > this vook telisof

There are many wild plants not now Ss Towal Offices
grown in gardens to any great extent, which Sin twarcnee: 1 Ratebe, Lehibit Rooms: 251 Fitth Ave., New York: the betuty, uti:

are capable of excellent use in the garden
and a study of their characteristics and re-
quirements will be well worth while. The
partridge berry (Mitchella repens) is very
beautiful and might be very useful in cer-
tain situations.

If it is to be beautiful, ornamental plant-
ing must be luxuriant in growth, which
means that the plants must be well suited
with the climate, the situation, and the
soil. In many cases this must mean that
the plantation is composed in large part of
native plants.

3 SMS g ; Yale Builders’
Canadian Yale and Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont. Haraaretaie

Wall Coverings

A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK

for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi-
tects, Builders and House Owners,
with many half-tone and other illus-
trations showing the latest designs

By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS

FISH IN FROZEN DEPTHS

UBA ends to the south in a huge for-

mation of mountains 8,000 feet high,
and steeping sheer into the sea. The
wall does not end there, as a writer points
out in an article in the London Nation, but
continues its precipitous descent into the
700-mile-long abyss called Bartlett’s Deep.
This gigantic submarine valley is four miles
deep and eighty miles wide.

At a mile and a half, the pressure of the
water is nearly two tons to the square inch:
the ooze that comes up from such a depth,
though the equator runs overhead, is cold
as hoar frost; it is evidently certain that no
vegetation can grow there.

As in our world, none but the vegetables
are able to make food, it ought to follow

EXTRACT FROM PREFACE

HE author has endeavored to include

characteristic designs in vogue to-

day, and to give reliable information
as to the choice of wall papers as well as
to describe the practical methods of ap-
plying them. In dealing with matters
concerning decoration there is always the
danger of leaning too much toward an
ideal and of overlooking the practical re-
quirements of commercial life. The au-
thor hopes that he has been successful in
avoiding this fault, and that his book will
be regarded as both practical and useful.

One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2
MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y.

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

Write for descriptive printed malter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains. Rufus D.
Wood, Architect, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Read what this Architect says about
his own house, which is stained with

Cabot’s Creosote Stains

“The shingles of the roof and second story are stained with
your brown stain and the plaster on the outside columns with
your poe Waterproof Cement Stain. A number of the
shingled houses in my neighborhood have been stained with
creosote (>) stains manufactured by local concerns and their cclc rs
are very muddy and disagreeable and do not seem to stand the
weather, while mine has retained the original nut-brown color

which I desired. (Signed) RUFUS D. WOOD.

It pays to use a reliable, standard article with a reputation.
Cheap, kerosene-made stains waste both your money and labor.
You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country.

Send for free samples of stained wood.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manufacturing Chemists
131 Milk Street

Boston, Mass.

1s the most tragic of
disasters are few compared to those lost in the ordinary
course of human. activity on shore. Such a disaster ought
therefore to bring you to the realization of the common
dangers of everyday life against which an ALTNA Accident
Policy will protect you.

This policy will protect your income and the income of

your family.

HE most modern, and best illuminating and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner — also makes brilliant illumination. IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price
Liberal Terms

Better than City Gas or Eleo-
tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

But the lives lost in such

For $25 the /ETNA Life Insurance Company will

insure your income against loss by accidental injury or death.

$25 per week while you are disabled by ACCIDENT.
And in addition
$5,000 to your family if your ACCIDENT results fatally.
$5,000 to YOu if it causes loss of both hands; or both feet, or one hand
and one foot; or one hand and one eye; or one foot and one eye.
$2,500 to YOU if it causes loss of one hand, or one foot; or one eye.
These amounts (except for weekly indemnity) INCREASE ONE-HALF IN
FIVE YEARS without extra cost and are ALL DOUBLED if your accident hap-
_pens in a public passenger conveyance or elevator, or in a burning building.
Larger or smaller amounts at proportionate cost. 3
ABSOLUTE SECURIT Y——_LIBERAL CONTRACTS——-PROMPT SETTLEMENTS
Send in the coupon to-day

§ am under 65 years of age and in good health.

eee eee eencecenecanececcnsnecsenennssccssccesscesessenscess| Pa enaennyeenscneyscccenssenaancaumeces”

fEtna Life Insurance Co. (brawer 1341) Hartford, Conn.

Tear off

Tell me howto AETNA-IZE my Income.

My name, business address and occupation are written below.

that in the depths of the sea there should
be no animal life. As a matter of fact, these
glooms are inhabited by the most grotesque
and chimerical of all fishes. It would seem
as though in the darkness life has taken
every imaginable license to be ugly and bi-
zarre. Cannibalism is evidently the only
method of life, and its equipment runs to
every kind of extravagance.

There are fish with teeth so long that they
cannot close their mouths, fish that draw
their stomachs over prey larger than them-
selves, fish with no more mouth than a leech
and getting their living as leeches, fish with
huge, myopic eyes, and fish frankly blind.
Probably none of them comes from depths
quite beyond the region of light, though a
great many of them go poking about their
‘ghoulish business furnished with lanterns of
the glow-worm type.

TOOLS THAT ARE SHARP.

ANY amateur gardeners fail to real-

ize that they can get better results
and with much less labor by keeping
their tools sharp. Whoever uses a hoe
ought also to have a file in one of his pockets
and use it frequently. When the hoe is
sharp and shining the earth does not adhere
to it as it does to one which is uncared for,
and which is something for garden makers
to remember. There is a man near Boston
who makes a living from two and a half
acres of land. This man says that he wears
out a hoe every season, as well as two files.
He has learned by experience that a sharp
hoe lightens his labors. It is just as im-
portant, too, to keep the teeth of the wheel
hoe sharp and bright. Tools may be kept
from becoming rusty by rubbing the bright
parts with lard to which a little white lead
has been added, or with wagon grease. If
they have been neglected until they have
become rusty they may be soaked in sour
milk whey or in kerosene for twelve hours
and then rubbed briskly. A little mineral
wool is useful in keeping tools clean. Tools
may be marked by making a small space on
the steel perfectly clean and bright and
covering it with melted beeswax, and then
using a sharp pointed wire nail to mark the
initials on the wax, care being taken to cut
through to the metal. The letters are made
permanent by filling them with nitric acid,
which should be allowed to remain three or
four hours and then be washed off. The
acid will have eaten into the steel and the
letters will show as soon as the wax is re-
moved. Another plan is to make a rough
stencil of tin and to burn the initials into the
handle.

DEDICATING INVENTIONS TO THE
PUBLIC

T the present time many patents are

being dedicated to the public. It re-
mains to be seen whether the inventions
covered by such patents will prove benefi-
cial to mankind or be utilized to any ex-
tent. In a work entitled “Creators of
Steel” it is said: “Sir Henry Bessemer is a
believer in patents ; but to his varied experi-
ence in the introduction of new inventions
another single fact has to be added. ‘I do
not know,’ he says, ‘a single instance of an
invention having been published and given
freely to the world, and being taken up by
any manufacturer at all. I have myself
proposed to manufacturers many things
which I was convinced were of use, but did
not feel disposed to manufacture or even
to patent. I do not know of one instance
in which my suggestions have been tried;
but had I patented and spent a sum over a
certain invention, and seen no means of re-

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

XV1i

The Aermotor with the auto-
matic regulator stops when

the tank By full and
Ve: starts when the

aar water is lowered 4
inches. You oil it
onee a week. A
gasoline engine has to be
started and stopped and oiled
and attended almost constantly,
and you have large expense for
gasoline and oil. The wind is
free.

We make gasoline engines (exceedingly
good ones) but, for the average water supply
for the home and 150 head of stock, an 8-foot
Aermotor with a storage tank,—which is a
necessity with any kind of water supply —is
all that is needed and is by far the morc
economical. The supply of wind for the Aer-
motor is more to be relied upon than the supply
of gasoline, batteries and repairs for the gaso-
line engine. 5

The cost of gasoline, oil, batteries and re-
Pairs in pumping for 150 head of stock with a
gasoline engine, will buy an 8-foot Aermotor
every year, and you are still to the bad the
amount of time you spend over the gasoline
engine. :

But the gasoline engine has its place on the
farm notwithstanding the fact that 100 people
are maimed or killed with gasoline where one
is injured by a windmill, and that 100 farm
buildings are burned with gasoline where none
is injured by a windmill. Forthe watersupply,
the windmill is the thing. Thousands of farmers
who have done their first power pumping by a
gasoline engine have become tired of it and are
buying windmills. That is one reason why our
windmill business increases from year to year.
We can furnish you much testimony like the
following:

Devine, Tex., Dec. 16, 1911.
l amsending you a photo-
graph of one of the oldest
windmills in this country—
it being the first Aermotor
put up in Medina County—
and is used to furnish water
for hundreds of head of cat-
tle. Itwasputupinthe year
1889 and is owned by Mr.
Murdo Monroe. The only
repairs this mill has ever
needed are one smal] gear
and a rocker arm, the total
cost of which was$2.50. This
Aermotor is still running and
doing good service, furnish-
ing water for cattle and
family.
LOUIS GACONET.

Find, if you can, astate-
ment like this regarding
gasoline engines.

Of course, there are places where a windmill
cannot be used. There you will have to usea
gasoline engine, with all of its disadvantages,
We will furnish for that place a small engine
which costs but $37.50 complete, soit can be set
to pumping in 30 minutes. Or we will furnish

you a pump jack—the best made—for $6.00, to
do pumping with a larger gasoline engine.

Send for catalogue giving full information
about water supply. Aermotor Co., Chicago,
Branch Houses: Oakland, Cal.; Kansas City,
Mo.; Minneapolis, Minn.

“COLONIAL HOUSES”

A collection of designs showing meapertves in that ever beautiful

le with floor plans arranged to meet the requirements of modem
days. Contains designs ranging in cost from $5,000 to $30,000.
Prices $2.00 by express prepaid.

Also “STUCCO HOUSES”
with new designs for 1912. It shows designs costing from $9,000
to $35,000. Price $5.00 express prepaid.

S. CHILD, ARCHITECT
29 Broadway New York City

HESS sit LOCKER

Room 1020

The Only Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom

Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

«hij -—

The Recessed teel
Medicine Cabinet

couping myself except by forcing, as it
were, some manufacturer to take it up, and
I should have gone from one to the other
and represented its advantages, and I should
have found someone who would have taken
it up on the offer of some advantage from
me, and who would have seen his capital
recouped, by the fact that no other manu-
facturer could have it quite on the same
terms for the next year or two. Then the
invention becomes at once introduced, and
the public admits its value ; and other manu-
facturers, like a flock of sheep, come in.
But the difficulty is to get the first man
to move. The first man might say: “Oh,
my machinery cost me a great deal of
money. I have my regular trade, and this
new scheme is sure to be more trouble to
me in the first instance; and when every-
body, asks for it, every other manufacturer
will be in a condition to supply it, so it is
not worth my while!” I believe inventions
which are at first free gifts are apt to come
to nothing.’ ”

CHINESE WATER-NUTS

HE United State Daily Consular and

Trade Report recently contained the
following interesting paragraphs about
the horned ling—water chestnut—of
China:

“The term ‘water chestnut’ in China is
indiscriminately applied to several va-
rieties of nut fruit of plants growing in
water, which form a considerable portion
of the food supply of many natives. They
are so well liked by Chinese that large
quantities of the nuts are exported to va-
rious parts of the world, particularly to

Chinese in the United States and the
Philippines.
“Perhaps the more widely scattered

species is that known by the Chinese in
the Yangtse Valley country as ‘ling’ and
in the Canton country as ‘ling kok.’ This
nut is shaped much like the two horns
of a water buffalo or Texas steer, includ-
ing a portion of the skull. The shell is
so hard as to require cracking, and the
kernel is comparatively small and con-
sists of almost pure starch.

“The ‘ling’ or ‘ling kok’ is the variety
most generally noticed by travelers along
the canals and ponds of central China.
On the canal system connected with the
Grand Canal in Che-kiang Province and
in that canal itself the cultivation reaches
its greatest extent. The nuts are planted
merely by dropping year-old nuts at in-
tervals of a few feet in ponds or alone
the edge of a canal, where the plants can
be fenced in by bamboo poles and a net
work of bamboo.

“They are planted annually in the
Spring, growing best in five or six feet
of water. The nuts take root quickly and
send a shoot to the surface in an incred-
ibly short time. The nuts are formed
among the leaves of the plant on the sur-
face and are gathered in boats. A water
chestnut field of this sort resembles in ap-
pearance a field of water hyacinth in the
rivers of the Southern United States. The
nut plant, in fact, grows under similar
conditions to the water hyacinth, and it
is probable that the nut could be culti-
vated in the United States where the
hyacinth plant now grows.

“The Chinese people use these nuts in
various ways. They are to be had roasted
of street venders in Central China cities;
they are eaten boiled, tasting somewhat
like a Jerusalem artichoke; they are made
into various pastries and puddings, some
of the latter being very popular among
foreigners in China.”

i‘

Daytime or Evenings

your porch can be made the coolest, cozi-
est and most comfortable place you know.
It can be kept in deepest shade—cutting off
the hot rays of the sun—and yet allowing
the air to get in.

At night also you can use the porch to
better advantage.

There you can receive guests, read, write,
sew, take a nap in absolute privacy, if your
porch is equipped with

Vudor

Porch Shades

They shut off the gaze of passersby yet always al-
lowing you to look out without trouble. Wudor Shades
are made of toughest wood, bound with unbreakable
twine—like that used by fishermen for nets—stand
all weather and last seasons where the imitations last
only weeks. So look for the Vudor name-plate on
every shade you buy and beware of flimsy substitutes.
You can equip your porch at a cost from $3.50 up-
wards.

How to Make Your Porch Cozy and Comfortable

It is told in our New Book which you will want to read, handsomely
illustrated and colored. A postcard brings it. Don’t miss getting it early.

We have no branch factory and no one is
licensed to use our patents. ali ey are not

Vudor Porch Shades unless they bear the
Vudor metal trade mark.

HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION

240 Mill Street, Janesville, Wisconsin

(We also make Vudor Re-enforced Hammocks. They have re-enforced
bed centers and special end cords which double
their life and usefulness.)

Hi)

z sitet : 2 . 2s as 4 tN
PLANNING YOUR HOME j
HOME, no matter how simple or elaborate,may 7

be better planned, with greater satisfaction, if
you have one of our books of plans. Our books of

DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS lu
give suggestions, show scores of different arrange-
ments, which make characteristic homes. They
cover every phase of building.

No. 1—35 designs, $1000 to $6000 $1.00 F
No. 2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000 $1.00 m
1 No. 3—Combining No.1 and 2 $1.50 5
Stock plans priced in each book. Ask for nl

our special offer on original plans. |

-The Kauffman Company - l
620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO I

ul
Gseses =: ese SS 25 =,

XVill

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

June, 1912

[208 ra) FISH ECONOMY, DELICACIES AND

Baking DayInThe Biggest Pottery 3 |“ “evan

bial a By PHEBE. WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS

iy Every day is “Baking Day” in the Homer Laughlin pottery. HE housewife with a Summer cot-
4® We have 110 kilns. The process of packing kilns and removing | tage by the sea, or a bungalow
ie : hi ; ti mes near a famous fishing stream, will learn
ie finished china 1s continuous. #% | many lessons in economy in the handling
apd Baking is an important process in china making. A dish & | of large fish, that will prove helpful in

Ra baked too hard will crack. If baked too soft it will chip. If the
“ giaze is not properly baked it will craze; that is, innumerable tiny
cracks will appear, making the dish unsightly and unsanitary.
Forty years experience has taught us how to make beau-
tiful, durable china—china ‘‘as good as it looks.’’ See that
the Homer Laughlin trade-mark is on every piece. ~ga*i-,
_(—e Send for “The China Book”, a beautiful Le
_ brochure on china making.

The Homer Laughlin

China Company,
ss Newell, West Virginia |

Bete,

Women and Children First!

HIS IS THE RULE OF THE SEA. So that on the Titanic,
with courageous self-sacrifice, the men stood aside while the
women and children filled the life boats and were pulled
away from the sinking ship.

On this ship were many men who had insured their lives in the
TRAVELERS, against just such disasters, for more than a millon
dollars. This is a great sum for any insurance company to have at
risk in one disaster, but the TRAVELERS will meet it promptly, taking
pride in the fact that in protecting the widows and orphans of such men
it is doing the work it was put in the world to do.

In times of sudden disaster men rise to these supreme demands of life.
But may we not call attention at this time to those everyday acts of
self-sacrifice by which many of these men who went down, built up
the legacies which now belong to those they have left behind. May
we not think that after seeing the women and children safe, the
minds of some of these men dwelt with satisfaction upon the help that
would come to their families from their policies. And may we not think
that the little hardships of meeting premium payments helped to build

the kind of character which was able to meet this supreme test of courage ?

The TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY as the pioneer acci-

dent insurance company of America, speaks at this time about the value
of accident and life insurance with no feeling of impropriety. It believes
that it is doing a good work in lessening the hardships which follow in
the wake of any disaster, great or small and in paying losses unparalleled
in the history of accident insurance, the TRAVELERS feels that it is
its duty to remind men everywhere, that at all times it is “Women and

Children First,” and that men respond to that call when heeding the familiar
MORAL: Insure in the TRAVELERS

Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.

Assets, $79,900,000. Liabilities, $67,900,000. Surplus, $12,000,000.

sone p on Sma GORA RGRneSeRhaSeCeGESOR Een enenenOnoeennesannhaneaasaeneenncnenenannaananennaneaneeeenseeGReenenneunenenneeneneuneeeeeeennnnennaneaneanssaannanannanannnnsanesSSanseannneaSSSSASsSassanannanaannanasensnse

The Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Teas

Send me particulars about Travelers Insurance. My name, business address, age and occupation are written below.

making fish purchases after returning to
her Winter home. One ‘who’ has _al-
ways bought her fresh cod and_had-
dock, etc., in steak form, with the slices
cut in the right proportion for broiling,
or covering with bread crumbs and fry-
ing, may be startled when called upon to
utilize a mammoth haddock fresh from
the water. There will seem to be con
siderable waste in the big head and the
unmanageable back bone. It will not be
an easy matter for the epee ue fem.
inine-fisherman to cut her steaks directly
through the huge vertebra, but after slight
experience in cutting up the fish and mas-
tering the “simple principles of know-
how” in utilizing all parts, she will find
that not a single inch of this huge fish
will be wasted.

Fresh fish chowder may be made one
of the most delicious of Summer appetiz-
ers; but probably not one in a hundred (of
the camp and bungalow cooks) knows
how to prepare it to the best advantage—
to secure the best flavors with the least
waste. When it is a whole large fresh
cod or haddock that is being considered,
first clean the fish thoroughly, wipe dry,
and cut off the head. Then, instead of
attempting to cut steaks through the back-
bone—as usually found in the markets—
cut the flesh evenly from the backbone
in two long strips. This may then be
cut into square steaks, and will be of
convenient thickness for either broiling
or frying.

Not a particle of the steak portion will
be required for the chowder, and none of
the apparent “waste” need be discarded.
The very best of the fish gelatine, that
makes deliciously flavored stock for
chowder, will be found in the head; and
the meat clinging to the backbone—even
when most economically removed—will
be sufficient to form a generous escalop.

Wash the head, remove the eyes; and,
breaking the backbone into two or three
inch pieces, put the head and the bones
over the fire in cold water; and after
bringing to a boil, simmer gently for half
an hour, or until the bones of the head
fall apart. When strained, this stock will
form a richly flavored chowder by adding
to each cupful of stock one small onion
finely minced or grated, one small potato
cut in tiny cubes, adding just before serv-
ing a little sweet milk and thickening in
the proportion of half a teaspoonful of
flour and a quarter of a cupful of milk,
to each cup of chowder; have the flour
stirred smoothly into the milk, add after
the onions and potatoes are thoroughly
cooked, then flake into the chowder some
of the particles of white fish from the
boiled bones.

This will form a clear white chowder.
For those who prefer the flavor of bacon,
and a rich yellow chowder, brown very
thin slices of bacon in a frying pan, add
the minced onion and the flour, and brown
slightly before adding the fish stock and
the potatoes. Season with pepper and
salt; and just before serving add a dash:
of horseradish.

What a famous camp cook designates
as “escaloped sea food,” is a combination
of fish and oysters with sometimes a few
finely chopped clams; mixed with cracker.

June, 1912

crumbs and baked ina mold. The fillets
of fish picked from the big backbone of
the cod or haddock will be ample to form
a generous escalop even after a portion
of it has been used for the chowder. The
fish may be used alone if there is suffi-
cient quantity when hungry campers or
bungalow company demand big esca-
lops, or it may be used with oysters, or
with a combination of oysters and clams
where sea food is plentiful, and may be had
for the catching. Butter the mold or—
when made in quantity—a large bak-
ing pan, place in it a layer of fish, and a
layer of finely sifted cracker crumbs, or
rolled bread crumbs, the layer of crumbs
being dotted with particles of butter. For
those who like the flavor, a little onion
should be grated over each layer of
crumbs; or lemon juice may take the
place of the onion. Fill the pan with al-
ternate layers of the fish and seasoned
crumbs, adding a little pepper and salt to
each layer. Alternate the fish layers
with a layer of oysters if desired, and
when the baking pan is full, moisten with
a cup of milk, or better still with a cup
of oyster or clam juice if convenient.
Have the top layer of buttered crumbs,
and bake half an hour in a hot oven.
AN IMPORTANT PRECAUTION

For the city housewife who must pur-
chase her sea food from the markets, great
care is necessary in the selection and the
preparation of fish in warm weather.
Dishes served as nourishing food may be-
come a dangerous poison in the hands of
inexperienced or careless cooks. Fish of
every sort are supposed to be more de-
sirable than meat as a Summer diet; as it
is known that they are not so heating,
and are equally nourishing. With nec-
essary precaution the fish diet may be
made very acceptable throughout the hot
weather; but beware of cold storage fish,
or of any that is not known to be fresh.

In buying fish in hot weather, carefully
examine the eyes, the gills and the flesh.
The eyes should be full and clear. the
gills red, the flesh firm, and the skin and
scales bright. Then, after buying a per-
fectly fresh fish, see that it is kept on ice
until it is used. If it is not desirable to
keep them in the ice box with other food
because of the “fishy odor” imparted to
milk, butter, etc., have a piece of ice wrap-
ped with the fish. The methods fre-
quently resorted to for keeping fish over
night by “salting down” or wrapping in
a cloth wet with vinegar, will not be wise:
as fish becomes stale and unfit for food
more quickly than we realize.

Medical experts assure us that it is
more dangerous to eat stale fish than
stale meat, because the moment that de-
composition sets in, in the flesh of a fish,
exceedingly poisonous products, possibly
compounds of phosphorus, begin to form.
The poison is an irritant, and its effects
are usually first a severe attack of indi-
sestion, then great coldness of the body,
and nervous disturbance and depression.
Another effect of the poison, still more
serious, begins with nausea, severe and
protracted vomiting, compression of the
pulse, great lowering of the temperature,
cramp and diarrhoea, sometimes ending
with convulsions.

The slight decomposition of meat does
not produce these poisons, and accord-
ingly “high” meat and game may be eaten
with comparative impunity. But it should
be kept in mind that fish, the moment de-
composition sets in, becomes actual
poison; and that the further the decom-
position proceeds, the more poisonous the
fish becomes.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Whichever way you ey
look at a Morgan-built Ene
home the effect is always _ .
the same — Simply Superb. BREN

YOU'VE often wondered just what its

>
was that made some particular house,

- .
. . =
a .
ee an
= %s ‘.
* ‘,
>

with its unusual distinctiveness, so strikingly attractive.

Perhaps you had an idea that the expense
would make it prohibitive for you to build such a home.
That’s a mistake. The secret is in the woodwork used. In
all probability the house you admired was built with

MORGAN

GUARANTEED PERFECT
HARDWOOD DOORS

and trimmings. They cost but a trifle more than
the commonplace kind, and are easily within
reach of every homebuilder.

We tell all about them in our ‘‘Door Beauti-
ful” catalog,an artistic de luxe bookwith many photographic
reproductions of handsome interior and exterior views,show-
ing Morgan Doors and Millwork in actual use. It also con-
tains much valuable genera! information for home-builders.
There's a copy for you—it’s free. Fill out the coupon and
mail it to us today. Book will go forward immediately
upon receipt.

Sold by dealers who do not substitute
MORGAN CO., Dept. B2 , OSHKOSH, WIS.

Distributed by
Morgan Sash & Door Co., Chicago
Morgan Millwork Co., Baltimore, Maryland

ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors
may be found in Sweet’s Index, pages 910 and 911.

Look for this mark on
the rail.

Speed of Foot
Demands
Speed of Lens

And the greater the speed of any object,
the greater is your need for a speedy
camera lens. You will easily capture
the fastest thing in motion with a

ausch lomb feiss
‘TESSAR [ENS

The wonderful speed is due to its great light-gathering
power. This lens gives a perfectly flat feld and uniformly
sharp definition. Precise optical corrections makethe Tessarthe
best all-round lens for action subjects, landscapes, indoor
pcrtraits, etc.

Wie

The supertor quality of Bausch & Lomb
lenses, microscopes, field glasses, projection
apparatus, engineering and other screntific
amstruments 1s the product of nearly 60 years
experience.

Our new catalog 34H gives prices and details
as to the best lens for your particular pur-
pose. Sent postpaid. Write ws today.
Lnqutre also of your dealer.

Bausch £4 Jomb Optical ©.

NEW YORK WASHINCTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

LONDON ROCHESTER. NW. FRANKFORT

.*
*
that caught your fancy and impressed you “

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Oss),

(OLDWELL MOTOR | AWN MOWER

Parks of New York City. The New York City Park

Y | THERE: are 26 Coldwell Motor Lawn Mowers on the

Association is finding these mowers an economic suc-
cess because these 26 mowers are doing the work formerly

done by 78 horse mowers.
horses and 52 men.

They are saving the cost of 78
Chicago Parks, United States Govern-

ment Grounds, and hundreds of Golf Links and Private
Estates everywhere are mowed with Coldwell Motor

Mowers.

These mowers climb a 20 per cent. grade

Their weight, 2000 pounds each, keeps the lawn smooth.
They cost nothing when not in use and run an hour on a

gallon of gasoline.
operate.

Expert knowledge not required to
If you own a large lawn or are interested in a

park association or golf link, investigate the Coldwell

Motor Mower.

Descriptive Booklet sent on request.

Coldwell Lawn Mower Company

Newburgh, New York

ISSA WENBNI OWE nee 0}
eae eaceaeales

LAWN MOWER FACTORY IN THE WORLD.

WITTEN, 2

One Horse
Automatic

is worth ten —fil//
times its price. gg
Let us prove it.
Write postal for
interesting folder \}\
of facts. Address \j
The Baker Mfg. Co.,
599 Hunter Bldg..

The Schilling Press
Job PRINTERS _Fine
ane (S rie
ae Vv; Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E, 25th St. New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

BOOKS

q WE HAVE JUST ISSUED A
NEW CATALOG of scientific and
technical books, which contains the titles and
descriptions of 3500 of the latest and best
books covering the various branches of the
useful arts and industries.

OUR “BOOK DEPARTMENT”

CAN SUPPLY these books or any
other scientific or technical books published,
and forward them by mail or express pre-
paid to any address in the world on receipt
of the regular advertised price.

SEND US YOUR NAME AND

ADDRESS, AND A COPY OF
this catalog will be mailed to you, free of
charge.

MUNN & CO.,, Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
361 Broadway New York City

June, 1912

a*anice nih is
Uf NEW BOOKS |

ArT, ARTISTS AND LANDSCAPE PAINTING.
By W. J. Laidlay. New York: Long-
mans, Green & Co. 1911. Cloth, 8vo.;
305 pages. Price, $1.75 net.

Mr. Laidlay’s book deals not only with
the technique and difficulties of oil paint-
ing, but—in a general way—it touches on
the education, life, and status of the artists
of to-day, and on the advantages and draw-
backs incident to the life of the professional
artist. Moreover, the book is unlike other
works in this class in that it suggests to the
student things to be avoided, a welcome
chapter being devoted to this subject alone.
Mr. Laidlay’s Art, Artists and Landscape
Painting can heartily be recommended to
any student of the fine arts.

AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
Walter P. Wright.

OF GARDENING. By
New York: igre

Dutton & Co. 1911. Cloth, 12mo._ II-

lustrated.’ 323 pages. Price, 35 cents.

Gardening as a healthful and agreeable
recreation, as well as a source of income
has made a notable advance in recent years.
Thousands follow it as a pleasant pastime,
many others as a means of livelihood. Read-
ers find a happy association in plants and
books. Poets gain inspiration from flow-
ers. Artists learn that the making of gar-
dens is an art to painting beautiful flowers.
This excellent and handy encyclopedia of
gardening is bound to find a hearty welcome
among a large circle. Its scope embraces
all the flowers, fruits, vegetables, ferns,
palms, trees, and shrubs in general cultiva-
tion, and will prove invaluable to the gar-
den beginner and to the experienced gar-
dener as well. Moreover the book is beau-
tifully printed and well illustrated.

Tue PracticaAL Book oF ORIENTAL RUGS.
By G. Griffin Lewis. Philadelphia: J.

B. Lippincott Company. 1911. Cloth,
8vo. Illustrated. 360 pages. Price,
$4.50 net.

The aim of the present writer has been
practical—no such systematized and tabu-
lated information regarding each variety of
rug in the market has previously been at-
tempted.. The particulars on identification
by prominent characteristics and detail of
weaving, the detailed chapter on design, il-
lustrated throughout with text cuts, thus
enabling the reader to identify the differ-
ent varieties by their patterns; and the price
per square foot at which each variety is
held by retail dealers, are features new in
rug literature. Instructions are also given
for the selection, purchase, care and clean-
ing of rugs, as well as for the detection of
fake antiques, aniline dyes, etc.

In furtherance of this practical idea the
illustrations are not of museum pieces and
priceless specimens in the possession of
wealthy collectors, but of fine and attrac-
tive examples which with knowledge and
care can be bought in the open market to-
day. These illustrations will therefore be
found of the greatest practical value to
modern purchasers, In the chapter on fa-
mous rugs some few specimens illustrative
of notable pieces have been added.

In brief, the author has provided within
reasonable limits a volume from which pur-
chasers of oriental rugs can learn in a
short time all that is necessary for their
guidance, and from which dealers and con-
noisseurs can with the greatest ease of ref-
erence refresh their knowledge and deter-
mine points which may be in question.

June, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi

Tue Musrcar Amateur. By Robert
Haven Schauffler. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company. Price, $1.50 net.
This delightful volume which is quite out

of the ordinary run, is, as its author ex-

plains, intended as a book on the human
side of music. It is a book for the listener
as well as for the composer and performer
and brims over with personality, and a win-
some personality at that. In this delight-
ful monograph each chapter is more be-
guiling than its fellow. Among such chap-
ters one will find “The Creative Listener,”

“The Wearing Qualities of Music” and

“The Amateur Art.” ‘One is justified in

recommending this work to musicians as a

volume entertaining to amateurs as well as

instructive and interesting.

A simple design in TOBEY HANDMADE FURNITURE,

}
3
offered in solid St. Jago Mahogany in | ee
two sizes, as follows: :
24 x 36 inches, $35. 28 x 42 inches, $42 2 ee
‘
j
|

THe New History. James Harvey
Robinson. New York: The Macmillan
Company. 1912. Cloth, 12 mo. 266 pp.
Price $1.50 net.

Professor Robinson’s valuable contribu-
tion to the literature of historical study
in the form of the volume of essays, “The
New History,” clearly points out the neces-
sity of our deserting the old straw-methods
even yet current, and of turning to history
as something that should help us to under-
stand ourselves and our fellows and the
problems and prospects of mankind, in
which aspect history’s usefulness has, in
the past, been most commonly neglected.
Professor Robinson’s volume should be
read and followed by everyone interested
in intellectual progress.

HE QUALITY OF TOBEY HANDMADE
FURNITURE may be judged just as well by the
simple, less expensive pieces, as by the more
sumptuous ones, because it is the same inall. In
beauty and texture of wood, and in character of
cabinet-work and finish, we have but one standard—
the highest, we believe, that is now being maintained.

And so we submit at this time the moderate-priced Tobey Hand-
made Library Table illustrated above, in the hope that by it we may
be able to introduce Tobey Handmade Furniture into many homes
where it has not yet been known, and that thus we may secure a
still wider opportunity for substantiating our claims.

Tue Way oF THE BuppHA. By Herbert
Baynes, M:R.A.S. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co. Cloth; 16mo.; 132 pages.
Prices, 60 cents net.

The object of this little book is to give
the reader a succinct account of an Eastern
sage whose doctrine of the Path has been
accepted by millions of the human race, and
whose influence is still felt at the ends of
the earth. In “The Way of the Buddha,’
Mr. Baynes has succeeded in doing this ad-
mirably.

We are willing and anxious that your opinion of TOBEY HAND-
MADE FURNITURE shall rest upon the comparison which

this table sustains with any other article of furniture in your home.

RA ROBEY RURINID URE COMEAN Y

NEW YORK—Eleven West Thirty-Second Street
CHICAGO—Weabash Avenue and Washington Street

ITALIAN ScuLptors. By W. G. Waters.
New York; George H. Doran Company.
Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 281 pages.
Price, $2.00 net.

This volume deals with the Italian
sculptors and smiths of the most momen-
tous period of the history of art, from the
Pisani and their fore-runners to the suc-
cessors of Bernini, 1150-1690. Its purpose
is to give a complete biographical and
critical review of the development and
progress of Italian Sculpture up to the end
of the golden age. Hitherto, as a general
rule, the subject has been presented to the
American reader in individual biographies
or dissertations on separate schools of sculp-
ture. Great artists are naturally given lib-
eral space; but others, makers of the beau-
tiful and interesting, who have failed to win
wide popularity, are generously treated,
with the object of giving their merits a
more general appreciation. With regard to
the attribution of uncertain or unsigned
works, the conservative attitude has been
maintained. For the ready reference of
students and travelers in Italy the book is
arranged alphabetically, under the names of
artists, and indexed under the names of

{ICKORY FUR [TURE (0,

Golf and Country Clubs equipped with Rustic

g : % { Hickory Furniture have extra attractions for —bent into Rectal curves and Baceese ats
towns in which objects of art interest are members and their guests. It is thoroughly in ‘S and backs of hand-woven flexible inner strips
t b f L I | 1 { keeping with nature in all outdoor enjoyments. Many of re- . —all in the natural wood. One hundred or morestyles of

Oo sy ounc t nas aiso a well- -arranged fined taste wh appreciate its artistic qualities as well asthecomfort | Chairs, Rockers, Settees, Tables, Swings, Couches, Tabourcts, Law
~ i and durability it offers, are adopting it generally. Rustic Hickory | Seats, Sideboards, Rustic Benches, Hanging Baskets, Lawn Vase
index of anony MOUs sculptut € and is very j is also ideal furniture for Country Homes, Fashionable Resorts, Roof | Pergolas, Window Boxes, Fences, Summer Houses, Costumers, etc.
fully illustrated and may be recommended Gardens, Bungalows, Studios, Cottages, Porches, Parks, Lawns, | Price so reasonable anyone can afford it. Ask your dealer
™ and all places where comfort, beauty and strength are desired. and if he cannot supply you write to us. Catalogue on request.
as one of the most helpful art books of the RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE CO., 103 STATE STREET, LA PORTE, INDIANA

year.
4

AMERICAN. HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1912

SSS

The Health of Your Family

depends to a large degree, upon the condition of your bathroom. One of the most
important fixtures in the bathroom is the Tub. Our Sherman Bathtub is the most
approved Tub on the market. It is designed to be built into walland floor, thereby
eliminating all pockets and corners underneath the Tub where dust and dirt usually
accumulate, thus facilitating the cleaning of the Bathroom. In appearance it is very
pleasing, designed with plain yet graceful lines, harmonizing well with other fixtures
of the room. The Wolff name on our fixtures is your Guarantee. Look for it.

ESTABLISHED 1855

L. Wolff Manufacturing Company
Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm

General Offices: 601-627 West Lake Street, Chicago
DENVER Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago TRENTON

BRANCH OFFICES

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 515 Andrus Building SAN FRANCISCO. CAL., Monadnock Buildi
CLEVELAND, OHIO. Builders Exchange OMAHA, NEB., 1116-18 Negi earecete lod
KANSAS CITY, MO., 1205 Scarritt Building WASHINGTON, D.CLU.. 327-328 Bond Building
ST. LOUIS, MO., 2210-2212 Pine Street CINCINNATI, OHIO. 506 Lyric Building
DALLAS, TEXAS, 2109 Pacific Avenue BUFFALO, N. Y., 61 Manchester Place.

Send for Booklet—Free

Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture
By Ralph C. Davison

HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner
the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental

crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedestals, con-
crete benches, concrete fences, etc. Full practical instruc-
tions are given for constructing and finishing the different
kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting
and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model-
ing the cement mortar. into form, and casting and finishing
the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and
reinforcing cement are also included The information on
color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book.
With the information given in this book, any handy man or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of
cement for the adornment of the home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing wha‘ever about the subject and has ex-
plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail.

16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages. 140 Illustrations.
Price $1.50, postpaid

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Puitishers
361 Broadway New York

and useful purposes. It tells how to make all kinds of con-,

CHIMNEYPIECES AND INGLENOOKS. By Guy
Cadogan Rothery. New York: Frederick
A. Stokes Co. Cloth; 8vo.; illustrated;
239 pages. Price, $1.50 net.

The decided revival in the interest taken
in designing and decorating chimneypieces
make the present volume a welcome addi-
tion to those that have already appeared
in the excellent ‘House Decoration Series.”
In “Chimneypieces and Inglenooks” Mr.
Rothery has carefully traced for the reader
the development of the fireplace and what
one might call its facade, and has pointed
out in his book the chief features charac-
terizing successive periods in different
countries. In various lands fireplaces have
been, at least since the twelfth century, a
fairly good index of the genuine art ap-
preciations of the age in which they were
built and beautified. This volume is copi-
ously illustrated, well arranged and one to
be recommended to everyone interested in
the subject of home decoration.

A Boox Asout Rosgs. By S.: Reynolds
Hole. New York: Longmans, Green
& Co., 1911. Cloth, crown 8vo. ‘Illus-
trated. 324 pp. Price, $1.25 net.

“He who would have beautiful Roses in
his garden must have beautiful Roses in
lis heart,’ so says the author of this de-
lightful book about Roses. And this is
true. Throughout its pages this volume is
marked by an intense enthusiasm for its
subject and to the Rose grower, amateur
or professional, we recommend it heartily
not only for the information it contains, but
likewise for the true literary touch to its
contents. The illustrations, in half-tone
and in color, are superior to much work
of the sort that has been published by
makers of less beautiful books than this
one from Dean Hole’s pen.

ON THE ArT OF THE THEATRE. By Edward
Gordon Craig. Chicago: Browne’s
Bookstore. Paper boards; 8vo. Illus-
trated; 296 pp. Price, $2.00 net.

Seldom has a more stimulating book
than “On the Art of the Theatre,” by E-
Gordon Craig, reached the desk of the pres-
ent reviewer. The author says therein
that he dedicates the volume to the single
courageous individuality in the world of
the theatre who will some day master and
remould it. Mr. Craig’s distinct purpose in
the book at hand seems to be the promul-
gation and unfolding of his personal the-
ories concerning the art of the theatre.
“We are not concerned with what is to
be effective,” writes Mr. Craig, “and what
is to pay.» We are concerned with the
heart of this thing and with loving and un-
derstanding it. Therefore approach it from
all sides, surround it, and do not let yourself
be attracted away by the idea of it as an
end in itself, as costume is an end in itself,
of shallow management or any of these
things, and never lose hold of your deter-
mination to win through to the secret, the
secret which lies in the creation of another
beauty, and then all will be well.” The
reviewer recommends this book to the art-
ist-reader, especially for the chapter en-
titled, “The Actor and the Uber-Marion-
ette,” in which Mr. Craig urges the neces-
sity of the artist gaining complete control
over his materials, the result thus being an
intelligent statement and a work of art; he
must never leave anything to chance, be-
cause the result would be a premature or
haphazard statement. One will not agree
with Mr.:Craig everywhere throughout
the book, and now and _ then—perhaps
often—will disagree with him decidedly.
Nevertheless, it is a book worth reading.

June, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

XXI11

AND PAGEANTS FOR
By Constance D’Arcy

Patriotic PLAYS
Younc PEOPLE.

Mackay. New York: Henry Holt and
Company. 1912. Cloth. 16mo. 223
pages. Price, $1.35 net.

The one-act plays for young people con-
tained in this volume can be produced sepa-
rately, or may be used as links in the chain
of episodes which go to make up indoor
pageants. There are full directions for
simple costumes, dances, and music. Each
play deals with the youth of some Ameri-
can hero and these plays are recommended
as suitable for schools, Summer camps,
boys’ clubs, historic pageants and festivals,
patriotic societies, and social settlements
and playgrounds.

Maxine A Lawn. By Luke J. Doogue.
New York: McBride, Nast & Company.
itpi2a Clothe i2moy sso pages. Price,
50 cents net.

Although this little book contains hardly
more text than a short magazine article, its
writer is an authority on his subject and

the condensed information he presents the

reader will serve as a primer to the planner
of the home grounds.

THe Monvressorr MetHop. By Maria
Montessori. Translated by Anne E.
George. New York: Frederick A.
Stokes Company. 1912. Cloth. 8vo.
Price, $1.75 net.

Dr. Maria Montessori’s methods, as prac-
ticed in Rome, Paris, New York and else-
where, have created a sensation in the edu-
cational world, and will, perhaps, revolu-
tionize child education. This book is an au-
thorized translation of her Italian work,
giving a full and inspired exposition of her
ideas, methods and materials, with impor-
tant new matter by Dr. Montessori. Among
the foundation stones of the system are the
development of individuality in the child in
ways quite different from the usual meth-
ods, and the careful training of the senses
as a basis for future mental associations.
Children of four have learned to write in
six weeks. When Montessori’s pupils are
transferred to the graded schools, they are
better prepared in the required subjects
than older pupils of the regular system, and
have in addition a poise, a self-control, an
accuracy and an initiative which fit them
for rapid advancement. The system is the
product of years of scientific experiment,
that it is based not on abstract theories, but
on a study of the nature of the individual
child, and that its purpose is to develop
self-dependence and to encourage the
growth of strong, complete human beings,
physically, mentally and morally.

THE Story oF AvicNon. By Thomas
Okey. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.,
1911. Price, $1.75 net.

This delightful story of the quaint French
town of Avignon is the latest volume to
appear in the Medieval Towns Series.
“The Story of Avignon” presents in the
main a sequence of disconnected scenes, or
acts, of many dramas, great historic figures
—the Raymonds of Toulouse, Louis VIII,
popes and anti-popes, emperors and kings,
Robert the Wise, Petrarch, Rienzi, Saint
Catherine of Sienna, Joan of Naples—a
scene or scenes of their trouble or tragic
lives in the little hill city on the Rhone.
They have their brief passage before the
footlights; they pass away to other stages
and are seen there no more. Mr. Okey
has presented a record of all these things
in an extremely interesting and clear man-
ner, making the volume not only of value
to the student but entertaining to the lay-
man as well.

The Home of Wholesome Food

A Snow-White Solid Porcelain Compartment

il It does away with cracks, joints,
crevices, corners and other natural
t Le hiding places for dirt, odors, decay-
Compartment ing food and dangerous microbes : : =
| a Solid piece found in other refrigerators—the one A Lifetime Refrigerator
i ae 1 ’ really sanitary food compartment.
orcelain Ware, ‘6 ;
| Like This. Send for Our Free Book on Home Refrigeration
It tells you how to keep your food sweet and wholesome—how to cut down ice
bills-what to seek and what to avoid in buying any refrigerator. It is packed

with money-saving hints, and every housewife and home owner should have
on2. It tells all about the ‘MONROE'’—describes its wonderful lining and the many
other grand features that have given this refrigerator its position as the world’s
best.

A Germless Food
Compartment

The “MONROE?” is sold direct to you—
at factory prices—on 30 days’ trial. We pay the
freight and guarantee “full satisfaction or money
back.” Liberal Credit Terms if not convenient to pay cash.

The “MONROE” is the ONE REFRIGERATOR with each food compart-
ment made of a solid piece of unbreakable snow-white porcelain ware wit
every corner rounded as shown in above cut, The ONE REFRIGERATOR
accepted in the best homes and leading hospitals. The ONE REFRIGERATOR
that can be sterilized and made germlessly clean by simply wiping out with a
damp cloth. The ONE REFRIGERATOR that will pay for itself many times
over in a saving on ice bills, food waste and repairs. The ONE REFRIGERA-

TOR with no single point neglected in its construction, and suitable to grace
the most elaborate surroundings.

MONROE REFRIGERATOR COMPANY

(15) Station 29, Lockland, Ohio

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

Sold Direct

We will send you FREE our book “‘The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture” and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax

(This text book of thirty-two pages is very attractive— it contains eighty illustrations, forty-four
of which are in color)

You will find this book particularly useful if you are comtemplating
building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want to
secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense. This
book is full of valuable information for everyone who is interested in
their home. Mail coupon for it to-day.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of Johnson’s
Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

should not be confused with the ordinary water stains which raise the cheap, painty effect. 4
grain of the wood—or oil stains that do not sink beneath the surface of Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the word—it pene-
the wood or bring out the beauty of its grain—or varnish stains, which trates deeply into the wood bringing out its natural beauty without rais-

really are not stains at all but merely surface coatings which produce a ing the grain. It is made in fifteea beautifiul shades, as follows :

No. 126 Light Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green
No. 123 Dark Oak No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green
No. 125 Mission Oak ~=No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 140 Early English No. 131 Brown Weathered No. 178 Brown Flemish
No. 110 Bog Oak No. 132 Green Weathered No. 120 Fumed Oak

HALF GALLONS $1.60

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

a complete finish and polish for all wood-floors, woodwork and furniture—including pianos. Just the thing
fur Mission furniture. Johnson’s Prepared Wax should be applied with a cloth and rubbed to a polish with
a dry cloth. It imparts a velvety protecting finish of great beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes.
Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for sale by all leading 4
drug and paint dealers. If your dealer hasn’t them in Se
stock he can easily procure them through his jobber. j
=
Fill out the attached coupon for oe
booklet and free samples. so

Ss ee This
S. C. Johnson & Son ye” cre

2 . (Offer of Free Book-
Racine, Wis. @ let Edition (A.H.6) and
oe

Please

ry two sample bottles ofJohn-

The <> son’s Wood Dye. Send me
Wood @ shades Nos.......... 3
Finishing e*” and one sample can of Johnson’s ¢
Authori- ” Prepared Wax. =.
* e
ties Oo Namie sacieitcincaisca nese achicecic ce é
a ACO CSS iiclelelelcisieicicisieieteisisiniateicteriiciciesiviciece 3

gi Oe ee ee e
se H
a as e

20008 108 sO OecO re BeeGeeB Gm Oer

XxiV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS June, 1912

AKE your visit now, because

simone

during June the trees, shrubs, : ne

and hardy flowers will be at oN, Ms pat -
their best. It's the ideal time to j : : 2 mee
make your selections. You can see = ay j

things as they will actually be.
It's so much better than trying to
form a conception from catalog dé<-
scriptions. Don't put off coming till
Fall, when the flowers and foliage
are passing, and your enthusiasm
on the wane. o it now so youcan
make Your selections when you are
keenly alert to just the things you
most nee

Run down in your auto any day.

It's a beautiful ride along the
Jericho Turnpike, where our nursery
is located.

Perhaps you don’t know that we
have trees in all sizes, from fifty
cents for a three year old, to fifty
dollars for one twenty.

One very important thing to also
bear in mind is that any of our ever-
greens can be planted in August
and September just as successfully
as inthe Spring. Come and make
your selections now, and we will
tag them with your name, and ship
them any time the latter part of
July.

If you can’t possibly come to the
nursery, then let us send you our
catalogs. This year’s editions are

. exceptionally interesting and en-
tirely untechnical. You'll enjoy
them.

Isaac Hicks &

Westbury, Long Island

.CH.BRrooKseCo. cLevEAN.0-

Pm FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS.
s OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

STATIONARY VACUUM CLEANERS

Broomell’s Electric—The VICTOR

Broomell’s VICTOR is a strong, durable machine, is equipped with the best
possible electric motor (1 H. P. for a single sweeper outfit). The Victor Pump
Is positive in its action and pulls a strong, steady vacuum. The pump has only
three moving parts, and will last a lifetime.

VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY York, Pa.

Shaking Dust Screen

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND
12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid.

q This is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num-

ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment,

will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance
complete practical instructions are given for building the various
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc-
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves.
q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats,
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov-
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building,
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can-
tilever bridge, are described.

FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES

FIVE MILES OF RHODODENDRON
DRIVE

HIE estate of Biltmore, in North Caro-

lina, offers to the traveler constant sur-
prises in the way of new vistas of liveli-
ness at every bend in the forty-odd miles
of macadamized road that wind through
the private park about the Vanderbilt
chi teau, Lut nothing more beautiful in the
Spring and early Summer than the banks
of the Irench Broad River which flows,
with many a turn and twist around should-
ers of the mountain, through this pictur-
esque spot.

So cunningly has art been applied to
nature in enhancing the natural loveliness
of this river that vine-clad rocks and bould-
ers, with here the vivid glow of wild-
flowers, and there the cool green of massed
ferns, form a fringe that one fancies only
Nature could fashion to frame a river’s
margin.

Most wonderful of all is the border of
rhododendrons that seem to grow naturally
among trees and shrubbery between road
and stream and, for a distance of five
miles, lean over the river’s brim, reflecting
in its waters a glory of rose and pink, of
amethyst and crimson, like sunrise clouds
gathered into concrete form.

Not as most persons know them, are
the rhododendrons of North Carolina, and
especially those to which such care has been
given as the ones that glow along the
curves of the French Broad River. Here
rhododendrons attain a great height and
spread of branches and are massed with
boughs of marvelous colors.

So famous is the rhododendron drive
along this beautiful river that no one who
can tarry, passes through North Carolina
in the season when this native shrub is in
flower without making pilgrimage to Bilt-
more to enjoy the exquisite sight.

EDIBLE BIRDS’ NESTS

HE uninitiated are apt to think of

birds’ nest soup as a most disgusting
stew of twigs, feathers and what not. As
a matter of fact, the nest used by the Chin-
ese is a very delicate, semi-transparent,
gelatinous substance, built by the swallow-
like birds known as the Salangane. The
nests are found in the islands about Siam
and the Malay Archipelago, and the harvest
in the year 1909 was 18,000 pounds, valued
at over $100,000. It used to be thought
that the nest was formed of inspissated
saliva secreted by the highly developed
glands of the bird. Now it is known that
the nest is made of a species of alga, gath-
ered by the bird. The season for harvest-
ing the nests lasts from April until Sep-
tember. It takes three months to build the
first nest, and just before the eggs are laid
the nest is stolen by the collector. The
bird immediately sets about the building of
a second nest, taking thirty days for the
work. This is also stolen before the eggs
are laid. The third nest, however, is un-
molested and the birds are permitted to
raise their young, after which the nest is
taken and sold. The nests are built in most
inaccessible spots, among the cliffs along
the coast, and the natives must risk their
lives to reach them. In preparing birds’
nest soup the nest is washed in cold water
and then cooked for eight hours in a closed
vessel, after which it is mixed with chicken
broth, seasoned: and boiled for a quarter of
an hour. This dish is considered a great
delicacy among the Chinese, and Occident-
als who have tried the soup find it very
palatable and much resembling chicken
soup.

Tanglefoot

The O. & W. Thum Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Manufacturers of Tanglefoot Fly Paper and Tree Tanglefoot. Send for Booklet.

A Water-Supply System
That Is Guaranteed

Here is a practical, perfect system for water supply that
is guaranteed to be free from defects and satisfactory in
operation. We will replace free of charge any part found
defective within five years of the installation. There are
no conditions whatever.

@ DOUGLAS @
- PNEUTANK SYSTEM

Whether your source of supply is a-deep well, a cistern or astream,
you can have water pumped through the house or to any part of the
grounds. You can have live gushing water in the kitchen, bath,
laundry, barn—wherever and whenever you want it. The Douglas
PNEUTANK System consists of an air-tight steel tank, a motor (gas,
gasoline or electric) and a pump. It can be located in the cellar or
in a pump house. Is accessible in all kinds of weather—and not
| subjecttothe wearandtearofthe elements. It isdesigned by thoroughly
experienced engineers and built by efficient mechanics.

Douglas products are known to three generations of pump users.
Since 1832 they have been the standard of excellence.

Our engineering department is expert in solving water supp!y
problems, A Catalog and full information will be sent upon request.
Write to-day.

W. & B. DOUGLAS

180 William Street Middletown, Conn.

Manufacturers of hand pumps, deep-well pumps, etc.
If you are interested in Spray Pumps, ask for special] catalog.

ae aaa _ ie
pez vanenall
be

EXCELSIOR “RUST-PROOF” FENCE
Trellises, Tree and Flower Guards
sears grounds always have a delightful air of privacy. The

old-time wooden fences are gone never to return; but the modern
non-rusting wire fence has come to stay.

Wright’s Excelsior Rust - Proof Fences

mark a new epoch in fence construction. They are strong, ornamental
and lasting. Every inch of surface is completely covered with melted
zinc—after making. It will last for many years without a drop of
paint.

Write to us for illustrated catalog.

WRIGHT WIRE CO., Worcester, Mass.

33 West Michigan Street, Chicago 410 Commerce Street, Philadelphia
256 Broadway, New York City 125 Summer Street, Boston
5 First Street, San Francisco

Order from your dealer.

“Cream Quality” Bulbs
for American Gardens

Are you sure that the Hyacinth, Tulip, or Narcissus bulbs
that you planted last year, or the year before, weve Hol-
land’s best? For years past most of the choice bulbs
have gone to England—we Americans got what were left
and thought we were getting the best.

The very finest and largest bulbs are called “Cream”
and for a number of years I have been able to get these
“Cream Quality” Bulbs by placing my order not later

than June 25th.
Hunt’s “Cream Quality” Bulbs

will be a revelation to American gardeners; they are
carefully selected, sound and solid. I know the varieties
are of the highest quality, for most of them are in bloom
in my trial grounds.

My book “The Cream of Holland” tells what varieties
I import. Send for a copy to-day, and make your selec-
tion af once —for my orders must be sent to Holland not

e”

later than June 25th.

“Daffodils de Luxe” describes the latest novelties in
these magnificent flowers—send for a copy if you are
interested in them.

CHESTER JAY HUNT, Box 122, Montclair, N. J.

Avoid the substitutes

173 Broadway, New York

oy
TN
i)
2
3
a
i)
s)
im
8)
~
e
a
Ss
&
~
i)
3
i.)
hee
a
S
i)
S
ac)
~
8
ted
SB
bo
a5
v
8
&
>
ee)
v
=~
i)
S

- Waterman Co.,

115 So. Clark Sin, Chicago.

6 Rue D’Hanovre, Paris

/., Montreal, Kingsway, London,

107 Notre Dame St.,

17 Stockton St., San Francisco.

8 School St., Boston.

Attractive Porches—Isolate

Fnua
Noo
ASL

Hort.

Regia Nitta hsippeblee7.

MUNN 6 CO., INC.
PUB LISHMEKS
NEW YORK

”

he realization of the car you
4 would build for yourself 1s
more than fulfilled m the
WHITE selt-starting SIX. UlIts

NHITE electrical starting and light
ing ‘system. combined with ‘the logiall

g ON ROR, GS
ete

:
OD
=
on
fam
an
D
roe
ee
D

7 ee il pos
= sible for the

first time

eZ
ee

ait
NWN}

{ jo aT \.)

ee 2 drag. comm
start 4 light the caps aan step-
ping into the roadway. Gl A ride in
this carefully built and beautifully
finished car will convince you that
its design. for comforl. convenience
and mechanical perteclion is supreme
in the art of motor car construction.

| The White Company. Cleveland.

July, 1912

MID-SUMMER POULTRY WORK
By E. I. FARRINGTON

ANY hens are kept through the Sum-

mer at a loss, not laying an egg for
weeks. It is advisable and profitable to cull
the flock in June or early in July, instead
of waiting until Fall. Such birds as seem
to be out of condition, with pale combs and
a disposition to take life easy, might as well
be gotten rid of now as later; the cost of the
grain they would eat will be saved. This
does not mean sick birds, of course, but
simply those which have laid prolifically for
a long season and which must have a pro-
tracted rest. It hardly pays to try to fat-
ten them, either, at this time of year.

Sometimes a radical change in feeding
will start a flock laying. Jf commercial
feeds are being used, growing mash may be
substituted for laying mash. If the birds
have been confined, the same result may
follow if they are given a wider range
with an abundance of grass. However,
there will always be a certain number of
birds which will refuse to lay no matter
how much they are coaxed. If the flock
is a small one, most of them can be picked
by close observation, and should be disposed
of. It is well, also, to get rid of the male
birds, except such as are to be kept for
breeding purposes, and they should not run
with the hens. Eggs keep better when they
are not fertilized. Sometimes a male bird
which is to be kept for breeding purposes
the next season may be placed with a farmer
and given free range for the Summer, an
excellent plan for all concerned, including
the rooster.

Some poultry-houses which are excellent
for Winter use, because they keep the fowls
warm, are extremely hot in Summer, even
when they have open fronts. The remedy
is to make an opening in the rear wall just
under the eaves, so that there will be a
circulation of air at all times. A hinged
board may be dropped over the opening in
the event of a driving rain coming up, but
there will be few nights when the opening
will not be a distinct advantage in keeping
the hens comfortable. Shade is also neces-
sary in the hot months. Some poultry-
keepers plant sun flowers to provide shade,
while others grow vines over the fences.
In lieu of anything better, strips of burlap
or bagging may be stretched over poles.

An abundance of green food is essential
at all seasons, but especially so in Summer.
One of the simplest ways to provide it is
to have a grass-catcher fitted to the lawn
mower and to throw the clippings into the
poultry yard. If there is a surplus of clip-
pings, they may be saved for Winter use
by spreading them on a grain bag in full
sunlight for several days until they crackle
when handled, after which they may be
stored in barrels or boxes. Greens from
the garden will be devoured with eagerness.
A few rows of Swiss chard will furnish a
liberal supply of greens, for the leaves grow
again when picked. A small patch of dwarf
Essex rape may be planted for the express
purpose of growing green food for the occu-
pants of the poultry-house. It matures in
a few weeks and new plantings at short
intervals will provide a succession. Very

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Nothing in the appointments of
a building can give it so much
distinction as correctly chosen
hardware.
must be in accord with the
» architectural
scheme of interior decoration to

produce an harmonious whole.

Sargent Hardware offers a selec-

tion that covers every period of
It gracefully merges —

design.
into and becomes a component

part of the entire architectural

scheme. For apartment houses,
hotels, theatres and public build-
ings—for city residences, small

-. cottages or country homes, the
most hitting appointments. will
be found in the Sargent line.

Back of the beauty of design—
under the richness of _finish—
Sargent Hardware possesses the
qualities of material and work-

manship that insure permanence.

SARGENT & COMPANY
156 Leonard St., New York

WV wish to call attention to the fact that =|

we are in a position to render com-
Worse services in every branch of
patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and

chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- :

pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed
in all countries foreign to the United
States.

Tie FEETLENY

MUNN & CO.,
Patent Attorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C.
| Bremerrererererermrn

YS SS

To be correct it:

motive and the

The Cremorne Bolt

for Casement or French
windows, half round bolt,
all lengths with guides,
oval knob or lever handle,
in art bronze, finished
to correspond with other
metal work.

The Sargent Book
of Designs
showing a large number
of the most artistic pat-
terns will be sent free on
yequest.

‘The Colonial Book

illustrating patterns of that
period, will be included
if you desire it.

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, {LLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Houliry, [rt
ann Line Stork

Directory

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres

y of land entirely devoted to our business.

! Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,
Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches, Orna-
mental Ducks and Geese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good

f healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

| WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. ‘“‘A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

KILLED BY

RAT SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
t. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia,

DANYSZ VIRUS

How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen
for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 sa. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6

INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York

Just Published

Garages and Motor
Boat Houses

Compiled by
WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK

@ This work contains a collection of selected designs for
both private and commercial buildings, showing the very

f latest ideas in their planning and construction.
q There are 136 illustrations of garages and motor boat {
houses, consisting of plans and exterior views reproduced |
from photographs.

@ These designs have been contributed by twenty-four
well known architects from different sections of the United
States. :

@ The book is divided into five sections as follows:

I. Private Country and Suburban Garages. |
1 II. Private City Garages.
| 1. Suburban and City Public Garages.
IV. Motor Boat Garages.
V. Garage Equipment and Accessories.

|g Neatly bound in board and cloth. Size 7% x 10%
inches. 119 pages.

Price $2.00, Postpaid

MUNN & CO., Inc.

361 Broadway, New York

liberal feeding of rape is said to make the
egg yolks somewhat light-colored, but the
average amateur need not worry about this.

Where only a small flock is kept, a little
bed of oats, Swiss chard or any green crop
which grows rapidly may be made in the
poultry yard and covered with chicken wire
fastened to a board set on edge at each end.
Then the hens will be able to eat the green
stuff only as it grows to a point where they
can reach it through the wire. The best
plan I have found, is to open the gate to
the yard about an hour before darkness
comes and let the birds have the run of
the grounds. They do not wander far but
devote themselves to consuming grass.
Naturally a watchful eye must be kept on
them so that they will not wander into the
garden, but they are made welcome in the
corn patch.

It is a great advantage to have double
yards, so that one may be dug up and
planted with a quick-growing crop like
oats while the birds are confined in the
other. Then there is no danger of the
yards becoming foul, something to be care-
fully guarded against. If there is but a
single yard, it should be plowed or spaded
once a month. A hand-plow is excellent
for this purpose. Unless the soil is very
light and open, it is best to first rake or
scrape up the surface accummulation and
remove it; used in the garden, it makes an
excellent stimulant for the growing vege-
tables.

Feeding in Summer calls for no special
departure from the regular routine, except
that the corn ration should be reduced in
very hot weather. It is not necessary or
advisable to cut out corn all through the
Summer. It is the best srain there is.
When feeding cracked corn, though, care
should be taken to have it sweet and good.
The same advice applies to beef scraps.
The latter are needed, even when the hens
have free range.

In Summer, when the days are long, the
hens are off the roosts at an early hour and
ought to have their morning meal at once.
If the owner is averse to such early rising,
he should scatter grain in the house after
the birds have gone to roost the night be-
fore or else make the last feeding of the
day so bountiful that there will be some
grain left over for morning.

If the hens have free range, they should
be fed before they are allowed out of the
houses ; otherwise they are likely to satisfy
themselves largely with grass and what-
ever else they may find outside and not
eat enough grain, in which case the egg
yield will fall off. Some poultry-keepers
like to feed a mash in the afternoon. This
may be given about 5 o’clock and a feeding
of whole or cracked grain made an hour
or two later. It is surprising with what
avidity the birds will devour hard grain
shortly after they have had their fill of
mash.

If the fowls have a wide range, no litter
is needed in the house in Summer and the
grain may be scattered in the grass. If the
flock is closely confined, however, a litter
is needed, so that the birds will be obliged
to work for what they eat. A little grain
may be sowed in the yard to induce the
hens to scratch there. Some of it will

sprout before it is scratched up, and will

then be eaten with zest.

There is no better place for the growing
chicks than an orchard or a cornfield. In
the latter they will find many bugs and
worms and will be protected from hawks.
In hot weather it is best to house them in
coops without floors. They should not be
crowded and should not be allowed to run
in the grass until the dew has dried off.

ar ie: ’
. Ni pay) Nabe! -

THE:REAL ESTATE:MART

LAKE GEORGE, N. Y.
FOR SALE OR TO LET
“Lochlea,” a large, new, completely furnished
residence on Lake George with 8 acres and
500 feet lake front; one mile fromR.R. station;
twelve bedrooms, main hall 60x10%, drawing
room 30x18, dining 24x18, reception 13x18,
library 14%x18, billiard 34x16; ten open fire-
places, five bathrooms, electric light, vapor

heating, Garage. Pamphlet, pictures, terms,
etc., upon application.

Also a smaller brick house, completely
furnished. Apply to

EDWARD S. HEWITT

527 Fifth Avenue New York

Details of Building
Construction

A collection of 33 plates of scale
drawings with introductory text

‘ By CLARENCE A. MARTIN

Assistant Professor, College of Architecture,
Cornell University

,This book is 10x!2% inches in size, and
substantially bound in cloth. Price $2

MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y.

JUST PUBLISHED
Bungalows, Camps &
Mountain Houses

Consisting of a large variety of designs by a
number of architects, showing buildings that
have been erected in all parts of the country.

Many of these.are intended for summer use,
while other examples are of structures erected in
California and the Southern States for perma-
nent residences. Also Camps, Hunters’ Lodges,
Log Cabins, ete. The book contains

Seventy Sefarate Designs
of which several are Log Cabins and Camps

78 Exterior Views, 12 Interior Views
and 69 Floor Plans

In the text is given an articleon “The Bungalow,”
with hints on selection of site, sanitation, lay-
out and construction, together with a very com-
plete description of each design, with cost where
it could be obtained. The work is intended to
meet the needs of a large class of people who are
planning summer homes at low and moderate cost,
for erection in the Woods, Mountains, and on
Lake and Seashore. Size 8x9}4 inches, bound in
illustrated boards. Price, $2.00 postpaid.

MUNN & CO. Inc. Publishers
361 Broacwzy. Kew York

July, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS iii

Sab

Occupies only a small space
when in use—but accommodates
a large wash. Folds up like an
umbrella.

Hill’s Clothes Dryer

Made in two light parts—reel and post. Special in-
terlocking device—reel cannot blow off—clothes can-
not drag. Best materials, bestworkmanship, all metal
parts malleable iron galvanized, no
rust, no wear. Gives youa good lawn.
no unsightly posts, lines, clothes poles
or trampled grass.
Saves time and strength.
Will last a life-time.

Sold by leading dealers everywhere If
they cannot supply vou we will. Send
Jor illustrated Folder No. 9 and jour
dealer's name.

HILL DRYER CO.

309 PARK AVE.

WE WANT YOU

to have our new catalogue of Garden Furniture
beautifully modeled from Old World Master-
pieces and original designs.

Our models are executed in Pompeian stone, an
artificial product that is practically everlasting. Prices
most reasonable and work guaranteed to be the best.

Write for Catalogue Y. Matled free upon request.

The Largest Manufactu
The ERKINS STUDIOS ol aeest Masulacturers

230 Lexington Ave.
New York
Factory, Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents
Ricceri Florentine
Terra Cotta

ANTIQUES

of all kinds—large stock of OLD CHINA; some fine old

MAHOGANY FURNITURE: Copper, Brass, Pewter and old

; old Blue Quilts; Colored English Prints; Old

Mirrors andClocks. Many other Antiques. Catalogue on request.
Mrs. ADA M. ROBERTS

Box 98, WASHINGTON NEW HAMPSHIRE

P ROTE (Oa i Your floors

and floor
coverings from injury. Also be.utify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes. If your dealer will not
supply you

Write uun—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A,
Canadian Factory. Berlin, Ont.

HESS saxca’ LOCKER
f< The Only Modern, Sanitary
i STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom
Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

° igi Smee
The Recessed Steel
Medicine Cabinet

Se Parlect and Se Peerless

Fur: Five Comune (3)

CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY
FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS

Prices marked in plain figures

will always be found EXCEED-

INGLY LOW when compared

with the best value obtainable
elsewhere

Geo. C. Funt Co.

aa-a7West 23°St. 24-28 West 24"St

While in the care of hens, they will not
wander far afield if the hens are kept con-
fined to the coops; later they will need to
he fenced. It is always well to start with
a fence that the chickens cannot scale, for
if they do not form the habit of going over
fences when young, they will not be likely
to acquire it later.

After they have been weaned, the chicks

-should be taught to roost on wide perches.

The lighter breeds usually require little
teaching, but it may be necessary to put one
or two older chickens or even hens with
chicks of the heavier breeds. The perches
should be wide in order to avoid the danger
of giving the chicks crooked breast bones—
three inches is none too wide. Some grow-
ers of market chickens never allow them to
roost so that there will be no cases of mal-
formation of this sort. Young birds are
prone to crowd, though, when they sleep
en the floor and become unduly heated as
a result.

The chickens require green food in
abundance. Sometimes it is necessary to
give green rations even to young birds with
a grass run, for after the season is well
advanced, the grass becomes very tough.
Of course, shade must be given, with plenty
of fresh water. Fresh ground should be
chosen for the chicks each season, unless
they have a grass run, for foul ground has
been responsible for many chicken growers’
troubles.

THE SANDAL TREE

CCORDING to the New York Even-

ing Post “the Sandal tree (Santalum
Album), from which most of the sandal
wood oil of commerce is obtained, occurs
in a limited area in southern India. Other
species in the Hawaiian Islands, Fiji, New
Caledonia, and Australia furnished a con-
siderable supply of the oil at one time, but
were apparently soon exhausted. The
white sandal tree is cultivated in India, and
because of its value and the large demand
for the oil, efforts have been made for a
long time to extend the area over which it
is grown. These have rarely been success-
ful, chiefly, it now appears, because of the
curious life habits of the tree. It is a root
parasite dependent on the roots of other
plants for its food. Planted alone it dies by
starvation. An account of an investigation
of its parasitism, conducted by M. Rama
Rao, has recently appeared in the Jndian
Forest Records. He found no less than 150
alien species acting as hosts for the sandal
tree. It appears to prefer evergreen trees,
and when attached to their roots becomes
an evergreen itself. But it can flourish on
deciduous roots, and in this case sheds the
leaves annually as does its host. It is quite
probable that this investigation will fur-
nish information of importance in the cul-
tivation of the tree—perhaps lead to a not-
able increase in the annual supply of san-
dal-wood oil.”

EXPORTING EDIBLE BIRDS’ NESTS

HE export of edible bird’s nests is

one of the profitable industries in the
Palawan Province of the Philippine Islands.
Most of the product now obtained is sold to
Chinese in the Philippines, but some of the
nests are exported to China through Hong-
kong, and apparently there is no reason why
the exports should not be extended to the
Chinese in the United States, who are
accustomed to import this product from
China at much higher prices than those
obtaining in the Philippines. The nests
are sold in Palawan for their weight in
silver, or for about $1 in gold each,

%eq_ BAY STATE <t
"Ys, pat:

Your Stucco or Con-
crete House Needs
Bay State Brick and
Cement Coating Pro-
tection.

The coating does not destroy
the distinctive texture of con-
crete, protects against damp-
ness and moisture and has
been endorsed bythe National
Board of Fire Underwriters
as a fire retarder. It comes
in different colors.

Let us send you a booklet
that tells you all about it. It
has been used by the best
architects,’ contractors and
builders as a coating in light
as well as heavy construction
of every kind; houses, mills,
breweries, garages and _,rail-
roads.

It is very effective as a tint
for interior decoration on
wood, cement or plaster.

Send for Booklet No. 3

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

Incorporated

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street,

Boston, Mass.

The Stephenson System
of Underground Refuse
Disposal

Keep garbage and waste out
of sight, under ground or below floor in

ESS wo Ta

THE STEPHENSON

Underground

LYNN Aanw MASS.

TRAbE MARK

Garbage and Refuse Receivers

Sanitary, odorless, fly-proof, a clean back yard,
a fireproof disposal of refuse in game
cellar, factory or garage. _

Underground Earth Closet with port-
able steel house for contractors, farm
or camp.

Nine years on the market.
to look us up.

Sold direct.

Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

It pays

Send for circular.

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1912

eae ee

emanare a ane

‘CLINTO!

INTON.

ie -T oeeeee
EERE:

Rae a
BPE EEE

ihe af a
: PERTH tty i

Clinton Wire Lath is Unsurpassed

Its unusual strength and rigidity prevents buldging or sagging. Smooth
even surfaces are readily obtained while its stiffness and perfect key for the
plaster eliminates all danger of cracking.

In use for more than fifty years Clinton Wire Lath has proved its
durability. It is everlasting and absolutely will not rust away.

Write for descriptive matter

Just Published

Motion Study

A Method for Increasing the
Efficiency of the Workman
By FRANK B. GILBRETH

CLINCH rightthrough the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

} methods of doing work, it is important that the raw ma- |
terial be placed in a position which will require the least
number of motions to transport it to its final position, thus
producing the least fatigue which is proportionate to the f
number of motions made.
@ The book is concisely written and should be studied |
by every manager and employer of labor who is interested
in reducing labor cost.

| G 12 mo, 5% x 734 inches, 135 pages, 44 illustrations.
Price $2.00, Postpaid

Aa NN & CO., Inc.

' 361 Broadway, New York

A} and ae Netting (Chain tao Fences for Estate
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-
ture—Stable Fittings.

i F.E. CARPENTER CO., New York iy

ani us

PAINTING CEMENT BUILDINGS IN
GERMANY

HE publication in Daily Consular and

Trade Reports of an article on build-
ing methods in Hamburg contains inter-
esting notes in regard to the class of paint
used on cement structures in Germany
that will be of interest to American read-
ers.

“Tt is claimed that large amounts of
money are expended in the United States
in painting cement and concrete, with un-
satisfactory results, the paint either peel-
ing or discoloring rapidly.

“According to information obtained
from builders and architects, the princi-
pal precautions taken in northern Ger-
many to prevent the peeling of oil paints
is to defer their application until the
cement is quite dry. When it is intended
to apply color on outside walls which are
still damp, water paints are used which
are weather proof and which can be
washed if necessary. These colors, neces-
sarily, are not impervious to moisture.

“In his textbook for 1910 Dr. Glinzer,
director of the State Building School in
Hamburg, says that to make oil paint ad-
here to cement the surface of the material
should be coated with diluted sulphuric
acid (1 part concentrated acid to 100 parts
of water), which afterwards must be
washed off and the surface allowed to dry.
Or the surface may be covered with di-
luted silicate of soda (wasserglas), the
solution to be 1 to 3 or 1 to 4, and applied
three times in succession. Still another
method is to apply two coats of building
‘fluat’ at least twenty-four hours apart.
Practical builders state, however, that the
applications of sulphuric acid are not
made by them, and that such success as
they have results merely from careful
work and the use of good materials. Dr.
Glinzer also says that oil paint should be
applied to cement in the following man-
ner: The surface is given one coating of
linseed-oil varnish, to which is added a
first coat of white lead when the varnish
is dry. A second coat is then added, also

containing white lead together with more

or less coloring matter, as the building
laws forbid the use of absolutely white
paint on the exterior of structures. In
this climate the use of oil paints is recom-
mended, as they are waterproof and pre-
sent smooth surfaces which attract a mini-
mum of dirt. Painting according to this
method costs here about 10 cents per
square yard.

Applied to iron, linseed-oil varnish when
used by itself flakes off readily. It should
be thoroughly mixed with red oxide of lead,
caput mortuum, or ocher graphite. This
mixture serves as a first coat after the per-
fectly clean and dry surface has been gone
over with the ordinary hot linseed-oil var-
nish. When the dead color has dried, an-
other coat of the color desired is applied.
The oil, being partly converted into resin,
combines with the coloring material, making
a thick coating that is the more impervious
to water accordingly as the color is finely
ground or not. Lead should be used when
the paint is exposed to water.

The water colors so frequently used in
Germany as a rule have silicate of soda as
their base. These colors can be used on
cement, plaster of Paris, brick, or glass.
Liquid casein paints are easily worked and
are said to be durable. The discoloration
of cement buildings results very frequently
from the class of cement employed rather
than from the color applied afterwards.”

July, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS v

THE MOST EXPENSIVE WOOD IN
THE WORLD

ABOLE (Anisophyllea cabole Henriq.)
C: is the name of a beautiful tree belong-
ing to the mangrove family of plants,
Rhizophoracee. Tt is a native of the west
coast of Africa, and is very common on the
island of St. Thomas, where it is found gen-
erally in low or medium elevated portions.
In the southern part of the island the tree
grows so near the shore that its roots oc-
casionally strike salt water. A more ideal
situation is on the southern slopes of the
mountains, where in its mature state it
forms a very large tree. Individual speci-
mens may be seen here and there which are
from 120 to 140 feet high and from 4 to
% feet in diameter 4 feet above the ground.
Most of the trees are very much smaller,
for the reason that practically all the
mature trees have been cut down to make
room for the cultivation of sugar cane. The
large trees which are now to be found on
these islands have been spared for the pur-
pose of shade or wind break.

The wood, which is very highly esteemed,
has a yellow ish or light chestnut-brown
color with darker colored streaks. It is
very firm and durable, and when sawed into
boards has the appearance of teakwood
(Tectona grandis L.) It is easily worked
and is susceptible to very high polish.
When carefully filled and varnished it takes
on a most beautiful appearance. The
specific gravity of this wood is about 0.780
or 48.5 pounds per cubic foot. It is the
most costly wood in the world, and is used
at present only for making high-grade
furniture and objects of luxury. This wood
also serves as material for making fancy
doors, parquetry, and interior finish of very
fine residences.

Cabole was first sold in the city of St.
Thomas in 1885, and immediately became
very popular for all sorts of fancy work.
The first boards which were brought in
the market were not sawed, but split with
wedges. Several of the merchants in St.
Thomas at once attempted to introduce this
beautiful wood into the English and Ger-
man markets, but the cost of preparing the
logs for shipment was so great that the pro-
ject failed. The wood retained its popu-
larity in St. Thomas, and the price soon
went up to about $3,500 per cubic meter.
Cabole may, therefore, be considered the
most expensive wood in the world.

THE MAKING OF COPPER
STENCILS

O make copper stencils for marking

laundry, etc., stencil sheet copper is used
(the thinnest that is made) and dipped in a
tin dish containing melted bees’ wax so that
both sides will be evenly covered with a thin
coat of the wax. The monogram, device or
figure is then drawn on ordinary white
paper, the reverse side of the paper is black-
ened with graphite, and it is laid on the cen-
ter of the stencil plate and by means of a
blunt needle the design is lightly traced. The
design will now be visible on the thin wax
coating. With the same blunt needle or
point trace the monogram, but not complete-
ly, the lines being interrupted at regular in-
tervals, to form “holders,” so that after etch-
ing the monogram cannot fall out. Then
the stencils are laid in a dish, fresh nitric
acid poured over it, and the air bubbles re-
moved with a goose feather. In barely
half a minute the monogram will be eaten
through. This may be observed by holding
the stencil up to the light. It is then rinsed
off with water and the wax coating re-
moved by heating and wiping it off with a
cloth.

TT JOHN DAVEY
Father of Tree Surgery

Many of your trees may ap-
pear sound and yet have some hid- *
den disease that will eventually kill *
them causing your property to depreciate in”
value. This tree, “The Old Sycamore” at ‘
Wells College, Aurora, N. Y., was not thought ©
to be in serious condition. The Davey Ex- %
perts found several cavities and gave the @
tree a new lease of life. Before it is too late |
to save your trees, have them examined. 4

The Davey Tree Experts
Do

this work, when requested, without cost, and the charge
for treating trees in many cases is-no more than the cost
of carting dead trees away. All Davey Tree Experts are
Graduates of the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery. They
are employed by the Davey Tree Expert Company. WE
NEVER LET GOOD MEN GO. Before you let any man
touch your trees, demand to see his credentials proving him
qualified. All Davey Tree Experts carry such testimon-
ials. If you own trees write for our interesting book and
arrange for an examination.

The Davey Tree Expert Co.,
230 ELM STREET, KENT, OHIO
Branch Offices: New York, Chicago, Toronto
Canac'an Address: 707 New Birks Building, Montreal, Canada

Representatives Available Everywhere

Send for Book of Ready-Built Garages

BILTMORE NURSERY and Gardeners’ Houses Complete

Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen Trees, | Artistic designs. Wind and weather proof, Detail and equipment as
Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request. desired. Can be erected quickly. Send (es catalogue “*
Box 1274 Biltmore, N.C. | E,F, HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

Built any ~
Size ga

Cornell Sectional Cottages
. Complete Painted Ready to Set Up

Garages, Stores, Ghvchen! Schoolhouses, Playhouses, Studios, etc. Built in sections, convenient
for handling and are quickly and easily erected simply by bolting sections together. Skilled labor
is not necessary to set them up, as all sections are numbered and everything fits, Built of first
class material in the largest and best portable house factory in America. Buildings are substantial
and as durable as if built on the ground by local contractors. Are handsomer and COST
MUCH LESS. We build houses to meet every requirement, We pay freight. A\rt catalog
by mail on receipt of 4c. stamps. Wyckoff Lumber & Mfg. Co., 410 Lehigh St., Ithaca, N.Y.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes many years to

grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that

Spring Price List gives complete information.

ANDORRA NURSERIES 2° pseesinun ue

N PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

give an immediate effect.

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

July, 1912

The Right of All

Railroad service and telephone service have
no common factors— they cannot be compared,
but present some striking contrasts.

Each telephone message requires the right of
all the way over which it is carried. A circuit
composed of a pair of wires must be clear
from end to end, for a single conversation.

A bird’s-eye view of any railroad track would
show a procession cf trains, one following the
other, with intervals cf safety between them.

The railroad carries passengers in train loads
by wholesale, in a public conveyance, and the
service given to each passenger is limited by
the necessities of the others; while the telephone
carries messages over wires devoted exclusive-
ly for the time being to the individual use of
the subscriber or patron. Even a multi-million-
aire could not afford the exclusive use of the
railroad track between New York and Chicago.

the Way

But the telephone user has the whole track
and the right of all the way, so long as he
desires it.

It is an easy matter to transport 15,000
people over a single track between two points
in twenty-four hours. To transport the voices
of 15,000 people over a single two- wire
circuit, allowing three minutes for each talk,
would take more than thirty days.

The telephone system cannot put on more
cars or run extra trains in order to carry more
people. It must build more telephone tracks—
string more wires.

The wonder of telephone development lies
in the fact that the Bell System is so con-
structed and equipped that an exciusive right
of all the way, between near-by or distant
points, is economically used by over 24,000,000
people every day.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

Sample and
Circular
Free

One System

Universal Service

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,

Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live init.

MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

VERTICAL SECTION,

fy CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

OLD SHEFFIELD PLATE

RECENT decision of the courts in a
yX case tried at Belfast should be of in-
terest to American purchasers of antiques,
particularly “old Sheffield plate” or “Shef-
field plate.”

The prosecutor, acting with the support
and co-operation of the Cutlers Co., and
the Sheffield Master Silversmiths’ Asso-
ciation, brought a series of six summonses
against a dealer in Belfast, complaining
that “he did apply to certain articles a
false trade description, namely, ‘Old Shef-
field plate’ or ‘Sheffield plated,’ contrary to
the merchandise act of 1887.”

The case establishes the point that the
term ‘old Sheffield plate’ or “Sheffield
plate” implies vessels made of copper and
coated with silver by means of fusion.
This process was the precursor. of electro-
plating, and died about seventy years ago.
Very little ware is produced in Sheffield by
this method to-day. Fine specimens of
genuine Sheffield plate bring fancy prices,
and at the trial it was stated that large
quantities of both the real and counterfeit
are bought by Americans.

The articles in question were shown to
be electroplate on copper by a process pat-
ented about the year 1853. None of the
articles were Sheffield plate, Sheffield
plated, nor old Sheffield plate, and did not
come from Sheffield. The magistrates
considered the offenses clearly proven.

In view of the great interest which col-
lectors take in old Sheffield plate, it is in-
teresting to note that so-called reproduc-
tions of this plate are manufactured in
Birmingham. These are said to be pro-
duced in the same manner as the original
Sheffield plate; and if after manufacture
the pieces are rubbed down and brought to
the same apparent age as the old plate,
even experts, so one has informed me,
would find it difficult to distinguish them
from the genuine, although they could al-
ways distinguish electroplate on copper
from the ware manufactured by hammer-
ing or fusing silver upon copper.

Since the passage of the American tariff
act of 1909 reproductions that have been
exported can be recognized by having the
word “England” on them—U. S. Daily
Consular and Trade Reports.

THE AMBER INDUSTRY

CCORDING to the American Con-
sul-General in Berlin most of the
German amber is found in the waters of
East and West Prussia, and the industry
is a monopoly of the Prussian State. The
raw material may be gathered only by
authorized persons and in accordance
with regulations prescribed by the Royal
Amber Works at Konigsberg in Prussia.
Raw amber in pieces of two inches and
more is very scarce in Germany and the
most of it is reserved for the home mar-
ket. Only occasionally are a few pieces
of the raw amber sold to foreign concerns.
Pressed amber, which is also produced
at the Royal Amber Works, is made by a
secret process. Small but good pieces of
amber are melted to about 150 deg.
Celsius and then molded under very high
pressure into various forms and plates.
The plates can be sawed and turned
and manufactured into different objects.
Forms in the shape of cigar tubes and
mouthpieces for pipes, etc., are exported
in large quantities to the United States.
The artificial amber, often called ambroid,
has the appearance of amber, and the un-
trained can scarcely differentiate between
them.

July, 1912

Ui NM

—

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FOR AUGUST

HE readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will

have in store for them one of the most interesting
issues of the magazine with the advent of the August
number, which will be devoted mainly to the subject of
Remodeled Houses. The opening article, ‘“The Remodeled
Farmhouse,” will be beautifully illustrated, exteriors and
interiors, with an exterior view of an old made-over New
Jersey farmhouse before remodeling.

EATRICE C. WILCOX contributes an excellent illus-

trated article on ““A Barn That Became a House,” be-
ing a description of one of the most picturesque remodeled
buildings to be found on Long Island. ‘‘Woven Furniture,”
by Harry Martin Yeomans, will show various types of
willow furniture and woven furniture suitable not only for
the Summer home but for the all-year-round home as well.
Mr. Yeomans is a well-known writer on subjects connected
with interior decoration, and the present article will be one
that is well worth reading. One of the most beautiful coun-
try homes in America, a country house that has been trans-
formed from an old mill, is described by Robert H. Van
Court in an article illustrated by reproductions, photographs
and floor plans. The double-page feature for the August
number will be unusually handsome.
is LITTLE Colonial Farmhouse That Became a

Modern Home,” is the title of an article by Sarah

Witlock Jones, which is a narrative of the discovery
of an old, tumbled down, Colonial farmhouse which the
writer transformed into a beautiful little country home.
This will be one of the most interesting features of the
magazine.

. F. ROCKWELL, one of the foremost horticulturist

writers in America, contributes an article on ‘‘Geran-

iums,”’ which is adequately illustrated by photographs, that
will prove helpful not only to the garden beginner, but to an
experienced window or outdoor gardener as well.

HE August number will contain extremely interesting

departments on home decoration, gardening and also
the department of ‘Helps to the Housewife,” conducted by
Elizabeth Atwood, whose articles have attracted widespread
attention. Numerous other articles will appear in the August
issue, which will have one of the most attractive cover
designs in color that the magazine has shown this year.

CIVIC BETTERMENT OR PETTY INTERESTS?

L. our enthusiasm for the civic betterment movement, we
must not lose sight of the fact that those who devise
esthetically excellent plans for improvement often fail to
take into account, what The Builder calls ‘the shopkeepers’
desire for self-advertisement,”’ the product of our swiftly
moving times. When the mass of our people have been
educated to a sense and a practice of the higher duties of
citizenship it will not become so necessary for the commit-
tees of civic improvement societies to make compromises
in order to maintain harmony in obtaining concessions to
their advanced points of view. As it is, the energy expended
in inducing one’s neighbor to come into line in any local

AMERICAN) HOMES AND GARDENS vii

‘betterment plan often discourages those who do not feel

that they have the strength to fight for a strip of lawn, a
bit of park land, well kept streets, country roads freed from
the hideous tyranny of the sign-board, public playgrounds,
broad avenues, lighted highways and the like, when opposi-
tion seems strong and intelligence blind in the matter.
Nevertheless the more dauntless workers we have in this
direction, the sooner the public will become educated to a
happier attitude, and petty interests will be turned into com-
munal unity so far as the matter of public weal is concerned.

FOURTH OF JULY
es with whom true patriotism, nationalism and de-

votion to one’s country are held to be qualities that only
tie development of a strong, dignified and constructive senti-
ment can give proof of their worth, have done much to bring
about a proper sense of the fitting manner of celebrating
each succeeding anniversary of the signing of the Declara-
tion of Independence. We, in common with other highly
civilized nations, make manifest our national feelings on
such occasions by as vast an amount of noise as we are able
to command, and although one need not quarrel with that—
exuberance, joyousness and enthusiasm are not silent
factors—we do decry the perversion of the spirit of jubila-
tion to the level of boistrousness and slaughter. Year after
year Fourth of July has been made by careless, heedless
American citizens to chronicle victims of the insane stupidity
of placing danger in the hands of little children and incom-
petent or foolhardy grown-ups. We do not forget the thrill
of lighting firecrackers when we were little folk, but we also
remember just how careful we had to be and how anxiously
we were watched lest our inexperience bring woe to our
little fingers, sorrow into the hearts of our elders. But in
the years that have passed since then firecrackers have
hidden dynamite within their wrappers, and the little noise-
makers of yesterday have been superseded by what, com-
pared to them, may well be considered little less than bombs.
Fortunately the cry for sane Fourths had gone out through
the land with good effect. Public sentiment has been aroused
against permitting slaughter to represent a national celebra-
tion and the Quiet Fourth has come to mean, not a day of
whispering and bated breath, but a day sufficiently devoid
of hideous perversive din to enable one to hear and be
stirred by the solemn dignity of the cannon’s roar as we
salute, through trained, responsible hands, the memory of
the birth of the American nation, and recall, with tender
thought, the noble lives that have been given to the cause
of the maintenance of our national integrity, in which
thought we try to forget Folly fumbling with gunpowder.

Inadvertently in the editorial note appearing in AMERICAN
HoMEs AND GARDENS for June, 1912, wherein readers of
the magazine were invited to submit photographs and de-
scriptions of their home gardens, this invitation appeared
to be restricted to subscribers. However, every reader of
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, whether a subscriber or
not, is cordially invited to submit photographs and de-
scriptions of home gardens to the editor.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Modern Sleeping Porch fitted with Wilson’s Blinds

Practically makes an Outdoor room of the ordi-
nary porch; aroom at night, a porch by day.

WILSON’S VENETIANS

for outside and inside of town and country
houses; very durable, convenient and artistic.

Special Outside Venetians

most practical and useful form of
Venetian yet devised for porches
and windows; excludes the sun,
admits the breeze.
Write for Venetian Catalogue No. 5
Orders should be placed now for
summer delivery.

Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co.
5 West 29th St. New York
Also Inside Venetians; Rolling
Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters,

Burglar and Fireproof Steel Cur-
tains, Wood Block Floors.

Made to order—to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

“You select the color—we’ll make
the rug.’”’ Any width—seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone—soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel’s hair, expertly woven at
oe 4 short notice. Write for color card.
oe Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

Grows a Fine

LAWN

It is specially selected, spe-
Clally tested grass seed, and pulverized manure-—the ideal
Combination! to grow quick, hardy, lasting turf. For seeding
new lawns or putting new life into the old one nothing equals
KALAKA, Packed in 65 lb, boxes, express prepaid, at 81.00 per
box, east, or 81,25 west of Omaha, Write for prices on special
mixtures for special locationsand purposes. Order today and
have the best seed that money can buy. Get our free lawn book,
THE KALAKA COMPANY, “5 Union Stock Yds. Chicago

RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE

The mostartistic and durable for Country Homes, Porches, Parks,
Lawns, etc. Ask your dealer for it. Catalogue free on request to

RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE CO., La Porte, Ind.

MORGAN “A282 DOORS

are used in the best homes, specified by architects who
take pride intheir work, and sold by responsible dealers
everywhere—dealers who do not substitute.

ite today for copy of ‘‘Door Beautiful.’’

MORGAN Se MORGAN CO., "3 Oshkosh, Wis.

ANG
: i Look for this mark on the top rail

REAL HELP FOR HOME-BUILDERS

Nothing helps the home-builder to secure just the
features wanted as much as a big variety of designs
and floor-plans showing the best types of homes.

“DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS”

give endless suggestions, show scores of different
arrangements of characteristic homes—covering
| every phase of building. No. 1—35 designs, $1000 to
$6000, $1.00; No.2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00;
No. 3—Combining No.1 and 2 $1.50. Stock plans
priced in each book. Ask for special offer on origi-
nalplans—descriptive circular sent upon request.

-The Kauffman Company-
620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO

see ————— ae

= SSsese sessed

SELECTING A COUNTRY HOME

WRITER in the Sun gives the follow-

ing suggestions to the urban dweller
who, listening to the call of life away from
the oppression of bricks, mortar and pave-
ments ungraced by Nature’s own adorn-
ments, seeks a country home. “Before you
start out,’ says he, “on a tour of the sub-
urbs to select a home for the Summer,
spend at least one evening in drawing up a
summary of what you will need.

“How far is the house from the station?
How many minutes is the station from the
office? What is the commutation rate? Is
there a good train service? These are the
first questions to be considered.

“The inspection of the house may be de-
ferred until after the town has qualified.
The next questions are how many rooms
has the house and what is the rent? The
arrangement of the rooms, the condition of
the mechanical equipment, including plumb-
ing, water pipes, gas pipes or electrical wir-
ing and heating apparatus, the dryness of
the cellar, the state of the wall coverings—
all these factors and more of the same sort
should receive careful attention. But there
are other points hardly less important to
the health and happiness of the family that
you might overlook through inexperience
or because in previous Summer quarters
everything was perfect.

“Then consider these things: Which
point of the compass does the house face?
Does the sun get directly into the rooms
where it is wanted, or does it pour too free-
ly into those where it is not wanted in the
Summer time? What is the direction of the
prevailing winds, do they reach the front
porch, the living quarters and the bed cham-
bers, or do they waste themselves on the
rear?

“Where are the shade trees with rela-
tion to the sun and the breezes? Do they
properly protect the sunny side? What is
the general lay of the land? Is the house
on a hilltop, on a slope, on a broad level
stretch or in a valley? If on a hilltop you
are sure of the breeze, but not so on a slope,
on a plateau or in a valley.

“Because of the slope of the ground, the
direction and directness of the sun’s rays or
the thickness of the woods on the windy
side you might find yourself in an oven all
the beautiful adjectives in the real estate
prospectuses to the contrary notwithstand-
ing.
Poe there breeding places for mosqui-
toes near by, any stagnant pools or places
where water may settle after heavy rains?

“These will answer the mosquito ques-
tion more decisively than screens on the
neighbors’ porches. If the house is in a
valley has it a good drainage system all
about? Are there provisions to make the
water run away from the house and out-
buildings rather than toward them?

“Then once more as to the house itself.
Are its windows broad, high and airy; have
they shutters or blinds which can be used
or not as you please, and are they well
ecuipped with screens in a good state of re-
pair? If there is an attic is it well venti-
lated? Attics are often storage chambers
for air heated by the roof that may make
an otherwise cool house insufferably hot day
and night. Do the porches unduly darken
the best rooms of the house or are there
overhanging roofs to shut out the light and
the breeze?

“Tn short, consider not only the mechani-
cal perfections and imperfections of the
house itself, but also the topography of the
neighborhood, and take nothing on hear-
say, but see it all for yourself before sign-
ing the lease.”

"THE most modern, and best illuminating and

_, cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,
is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price
Liberal Terms

Better than City Gas or Eleo-
tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

Write for descriptive printed matter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

National Photo-
Engraving
Company

@ Designers and

Engravers for all
Artistic, Scientific
and Illustrative
Purposes :-: 3:

Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens"

14-16-18 Reade St., New York

TE LES PeHeOsNeEy

1822 W, OUR IE

oe
iS

= Va gi <<.

(O)
P—&

PEPE EE ORDEREDEGARDEN- TERRACE. $ qsscisc 0.0 bes eee cb dpa ted Ra we we oe ees Frontispiece

PEVEASSACHIUSELES COUNTRY: THOME. 2%... cass. 5 see ee eds By Roland G. Anderson 231

ERIN DED EURNITURE <2 s/s 2 fos. By Abbott McClure and Harold Donaldson Eberlein 235
REE ANMIBRICAN GAGE ANT a. fo 2g. <n ee wins oo bv oe cise 4 Se La dies By Adelia Belle Beard 239
Shee PNGHISE BRASS MEIOOKS 0 cca og eyes paves ee ee ee By William T. Phillips 242
PECOUONTAT ELOUSESIN NeW JERSEY... 2.0... sus+. 000s de. By Robert H. Van Court 243
SOME AITRACTIVE PORCHES FOR THE SUMMER HOME ........¢.-.2.200c00eeeeee: 246-247
AN UNCONVENTIONAL BUNGALOW oF HoLLow TILE............. By E. 1. Farrington 248
(Era lsOvATED POWER PUANT.< fo. - 00060 dev Cees ceed By Jonathan A. Rawson, Jr. 250
Ri Sai ARVe PLUMBING OF HIOMES...<.+..-2:++--isise.eres- By Rolfe C. Roberts 253
Wineinvie Elouse— Whe Ieiving-Room......-.+........ By Harry Martin Yeomans 258
AROUND THE GARDEN—Mid-Summer in the Garden .............. 0.0 ccc eeeeceeeees 260
HeELps ro THE Housewire—Allowance Versus Credit System....By Elizabeth Atwood 262
Mid-Summer Poultry New Books Editor’s Notebook

cancion Ft {C) fdoncoe occ ey AS) ed coocdpoco tl [EIA fa} oocndocoote| [O)] fejoorodpooco kel ss

panacea 2 ROUINING eG On Tne. eects ate

Publishers

361 Broadway, New York

LILLE DD ea ALN AO a A EE OSE

Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself

up responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

Oey EEE) [Roowogooco tal (SR

The well-ordered garden-terrace is a mid-Summer delight to every home, and such a one as this is an example that is worth emulating

A Massachusetts Country Home

By Roland G. Anderson
Photographs by Thomas E. Marr

a) HE beauty of the suburbs about Boston is
due very largely to the variety and interest
of the country, the good taste shown in the
greater part of the domestic architecture
and the existence of a great number of old
New England homes, many of which have
been landmarks for generations. A short distance from
Dover, Massachusetts, and facing one of the old Colonial
highways, is the quaint farmhouse which, in its restored and

oe s

PF ig a BO Oe 4

The country Rise oF Mr.

George D. Hall wear the town of Dover, Massachusetts, was once an ae farmhouse, and was skillfully remodeled

beautiful form, is the home of Mr. George D. Hall. The
alterations to the house, which were planned and carried
out by Mr. Howland S. Chandler, an architect of Boston,
have involved almost no departure from the style of the
original building. Additions were, of course, necessary to
change the structure built for a farmhouse into a modern
country home, but good taste and a certain sympathy for
the old work, has led to making these additions conform in
letter and spirit to the original design in all the features.

- a © es

AMERICAN HOMES

DDN ite

Bee

om with its antique furniture

No early Massachusetts home was really complete with-
out the vast chimney, which was often the chief feature of
the house. The climate of New England includes much
weather which is exceedingly cold and the fireplace was
therefore a detail of the first importance. There, too, the
settlers had come from a country where the fireside stood
for the symbol of home life and where the ‘‘roof-tree”
spirit was much stronger than in countries where life is
lived more largely out-of-doors. All this had a certain

AND GARDENS

Dining-room retaining old chimney

effect upon the building of their homes, and a study of these
old farmhouses would almost lead one to the belief that
the home was really built about the chimney as a kind of
shelter to the numerous fireplaces which it almost invari-
ably contained.

Mr. Hall’s country home possesses all the characteristics
of its type—the earnest and severe style which was a fitting
expression of the life of the times. The roof is broad and
plain and the eaves are cropped closely to the body of the

The living-room is large and well lighted, thoroughly attractive and homelike

July, 1912

View of the living-room

building. Walls are covered with clapboards painted white,
and windows are hung with blinds painted green and are
filled with small panes of glass, dictated, no doubt, by the
dificulty and expense of securing larger panes rather than
by the desire for the picturesqueness of effect which we so
highly value to-day. One strongly suspects that the “‘eye-
brow” window set in the roof and the broad veranda across
the front of the house and around one end may be recent

additions and concessions to modern demands, but so true

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

mg
Fe tee

View of the den or study

a regard has been held for consistency of design and the
general fitness of things that they heighten, if possible, the
old-fashioned quaintness of the building.

The chief entrance to the house is through a wide and
hospitable doorway with “‘side-lights” in true New England
style. The tiny hallway just within, with the narrow stair-

way, which, with many turns, leads to the floor above, is also
characteristic of a farmhouse of the time and was made
necessary, no doubt, by the fact that the huge “stack” chim-

The sun-room, which is a glazed piazza, contains a fine fireplace

234

ney with its many fireplaces must be
placed in the center of the house so that
the arrangement of rooms and stair-
ways must be left somewhat to circum-
stances. The space at one side of the
entrance hall is devoted to a large living-
room—the ‘“‘keeping-room” of a New
England farmhouse which, no doubt,
was a lineal descendant of the “great
hall” of a home in England. The rest

LAUNDRY.

—=

of the main floor is given
up to the dining-room and
a little library or study
called a “den.” All of these
old rooms are beautiful and
extremely interesting with
their old fireplaces, that in
, | the dining-room having the
old-fashioned brick oven in

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

E ]
Se

A panel in relief hee been ei in the back:
work above the mantel shelf of the fireplace

= which the housewives of placed that it faces three di-
| am New England did their bak- _ rections and receives the sun-
ee ing. The ceilings in these shine during the entire day. .
] é | rooms are, of course, quite There are three bedrooms, aay x
seer aes low and are slightly uneven, two bathrooms and closets. Seconn FLoor PLAN =|

The house, though entirely remodeled,

retains the charm of the

is made of brick with a bas-
relief in ivory-tinted plaster
built right into the masonry.

The second floor of the
main building is arranged
in a delightfully rambling
fashion with a pleasantly
planned sitting-room, which
has a fireplace and is so

July, 1912

which adds greatly to their interest.
Woodwork about windows and doors
and in paneling about mantels and chim-
neys is of the old-fashioned New Eng-
land variety, quite guiltless of ornamen-
tation and painted white, in keeping with
its traditions. Opening from the living-
room is a large square piazza which has
been enclosed with glass in small panes.
This room is provided with a fireplace
which, like the entire chimney-breast,

old Massachusetts farmhouses

0949 OOO e

4%
Reesen eee

AMERICAN HOMES

A carefully made replica of an Eighteenth Century Bavarian bride’s dower-chest,

AND GARDENS

vpeer

painted in colors

Painted Furniture

By Abbott McClure and Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner

sqgj|O you ever think of furniture as having per-
4] sonality? Whether you do or not, it has
personality and has it to a marked degree.
After all, personality is only an outward
manifestation of character, in the case of
furniture at any rate, and if furniture has
not character we haven’t a jot of reason for preferring one
sort to another. Of course, if a chair is simply a chair, a
table a table and-a chest a chest, if we suffer from such a
Peter Bell-like lack of all aesthetic sensibility, we may deny
personality to furniture; otherwise we must concede it. Our
tables and chairs, our sideboards and cabinets, all our house-
hold goods in fact, are refined or vulgar in feeling; they are
patricians in mien or simple peasants as the case may be,
but they all have distinctive personality and one of the chief
factors in conferring that personality is the element of color
and its manner of application. Color and life are insepa-
rable. From our cradles up we are surrounded by it. We
cannot escape from it if we would, and few of us would wish
to if we could. From the lowest depths of savagery to the
height of artistic refinement, from north to south and from
east to west, from the remotest past to the present moment,
color and color combination have always been of paramount
concern, and the way we deal with them determines whether
or not we possess that much coveted and oft disputed qual-
ity—good taste. We may choose to surround ourselves
with a Whistlerian atmos-
phere of drab and sepia or
we may be like the eccen-

End panels of the Bavarian dower-chest,

tric gentleman who, in flat defiance of all accepted conven-
tions of male attire, designed himself an eiderdown padded
greatcoat of cerise samite quilted with bottle green; do what
we will we cannot escape from the color problem.

So then, since color and its application are matters of so
vastly important and universal consideration, we can readily
understand how men came to embellish the furniture in their
houses with designs and colors pleasing to their eye. Espe-
cially was this the case where the furniture, chest, cupboard
or what you will, was severely simple in form and line and
suggested the need of something to relieve its austerity of
aspect. In the Middle Ages, however, at which period we
begin to hear of painted furniture in Europe, such was the
passion for gorgeous color that even ornately carved chests
and cabinets or armoires were heavily overlaid with gilding
and rich diaperwork picked out in scarlet and blue, choco-
late and green, or gaudy with heraldic devices blazoned in
all their proper tinctures. If you would have a lively pic-
ture of a baronial hall made ready for a banquet or my
lady’s bower with its varied garniture, look in the pages of
Christine de Pisan or at some monkish illumination. From
those englamored days, when primal traits of character and
primary colors held the field together, to the second half
of the Eighteenth Century, when Adam, Heppelwhite and
Sheraton gave fresh impetus to the vogue for painted fur-
niture, an impetus perceptibly felt on our side of the Atlan-
tic and still vigorously ac-
tive, there has scarcely ever
been a time when the aid of

four Bavarian kitchen boxes, and a small Biedermeyer jewel-box

236

pigment has not been employed to jm
supplement the craft of the cabinet- |
maker or, perhaps, the simpler
handiwork of the carpenter. From
the Eleventh Century onward to the
Renaissance a popular vigorous
sense of color ensured the use of
painted decoration for the more im-
portant articles of furniture, irre-
spective of their form.

With the Renaissance regard for
form became supreme and the taste
for varied and vivid color fell into
abeyance among those that attended
the behests of fashion—and be it re-
membered that the mutability of
fashion is nearly as apparent in mat-
ters of furniture as in types of wear-
ing apparel. However, notwith-
standing the defection of the de-
votees of ruling styles, the fondness
for painted ornamentation lived on
in many quarters, ready to flourish
forth again sturdily at the least en-
couragement. Especially among the
Dutch and Bavarian peasantry was the tradition of furni-
ture painting kept alive and, though both style and execution
are at times extremely crude, we find virile spontaneity and
originality of conception to claim our respectful attention if
not always our admiration.

In the latter part of the Seventeenth Century a wave of
the so-called ‘‘Chinese taste’? brought in the craze for lac-
quered decoration. Lacquered oriental boxes and chests
were eagerly sought and ruthlessly broken up to supply

ceFG, ;
ath ee £4:
BE A hoe

Decorated chair of “English Empire”’

pattern

AMERICAN HOMES AND

Cabinet decorated in Bavarian style

GARDENS July, 1912

panels for the adornment of cabi-
nets. Experiments in the manufac-
ture of lacquer, aided by the sugges-
tions of returned Eastern mission-
aries, were not altogether unsuccess-
ful in their imitations and before
long furniture entirely covered with
lacquer and decorated in Chinese
patterns was produced in abundance.

Among the most successful mak-
ers of a new sort of furniture,
coated with color and covered with
varnish, was one Martin, a French
coach painter of the early Eigh-
teenth Century, whose business
theretofore had been to decorate
coach doors with heraldic blazonings
and flower borders. His varnish
was a fine transparent lac-polish
susceptible of taking on a beautiful
surface. The work associated with
his name is usually found on furni-
ture such as tables or bookcases, as
well as on small articles like needle
cases and snuff boxes. Though his
lacquer formula is said to have died with him, his imitators
and pupils painted and enameled furniture of various kinds
after his manner. Sometimes in the vernis-Martin work
the excellent solid color—frequently a beautiful green—of
the table or cabinet or chair is unbroken by any ornamenta-
tion save the gold mountings.

About the middle of the Eighteenth Century the brothers
Adam, most notable English architects, began to design fur-
niture to harmonize in spirit and style with the stately houses

GELLER a

An old chair restored and decorated

sh ee ea re ne ey

they were building. No detail was too trifling to claim their
attention and, as a result of this fortunate combination of
the callings of architect and decorator, we have some of the
choicest creations of that period, admittedly the hey-day of
cabinet making. The brothers Adam allowed themselves
great latitude in painting their furniture in colors. Where
the piece was to be wholly colored it was usual to select
some neutral hue such as slate, gray or dull green, pick out
the less important features of the design in lines of color
“very much as a carriage builder is wont to relieve his
wheels,” and then garnish the main portion of the design
by such painted detail as the decorator saw fit. Classic me-
dallions and plaques, wreaths, festoons and urns were the
subjects generally employed for embellishment. Very often
only portions of the furniture were painted, leaving the
natural wood exposed to view for the most part. This was
particularly the case where satinwood was used, which was
beautiful in itself and at the same time afforded an un-
usually delicate medium for painted decoration. Many of
the plaques, cameos and panels of this old painted and satin-
wood furniture were executed by such artists as Angelica
Kauffman and Cipriani and are exquisite in color and finish.

Heppelwhite and Sheraton followed the lead of the
Adams in designing and advocating painted furniture at the
same time they were putting forth their best productions in
mahogany and inlaid woods. For the japanned or lac-
quered furniture, and for the pieces colored in the vernis-
Martin fashion, what we should now call inferior or white
woods were almost exclusively used. In addition to light-
ness they possessed the further recommendation of being
easily worked. At all times furniture forms have been

Queen Anne lowboy, chairs and mirror, belonging to a Philadelphia collector. The ground work is a dark blue lacquer, the decor

ations in gold
more or less influenced and modified by the kind of wood
used but in the decadent part of Sheraton’s career, and in
the early Nineteenth Century, form was often completely
sacrificed and dependence placed on paint to make up for
the lack of shape and proportion. Both form and color
unguestionably have their distinct functions and neither
should be disregarded nor sacrificed.

Now, what has all this discourse anent long past and gone
styles of painted furniture to do with us? What present
application shall we make of it to our own needs and inclina-
tions in the garniture of our homes? Never was there a
period when more attention was paid to interior decoration
and furnishing than now. During the mid-Victorian era,
with its dreadful Eastlake, neo-Jacobean and Centennial
episodes, popular taste seemed to be dead. Now, however,
there has happily been a revival, a rejuvenation, and un-
wonted material prosperity has supplied the wherewithal
to make it potent for good. Natures, artistically starved in
that jejune period, were ready to welcome deliverance with
open arms when the renaissance of sound taste began. Since
that time the movement for better things has grown stead-
ily. Along with the reawakening, an increasing and com-
mendable catholicity of outlook has more and more led
people to accept and cherish whatever has real merit. For
a while, indeed, only Colonial furniture—whatever we may
mean by that term—was in favor, but now our horizon has
sufficiently broadened to admit good things of whatever
date. Thus, what with the assiduous collecting and im-
porting on the part of antique dealers, and the reproduc-
tions and adaptations by workers in the several arts and
crafts, we are confronted with an array of painted furniture

238

ranging in date of style from the Norman Conquest down
to the latest cry from Germany.

Leaving out of consideration the imported antiques
painted with rare skill and prohibitive in price, we may
confine ourselves to two or three styles that seem to be
specially suited to our conditions. To begin with, the
painted furniture in Adam, Heppelwhite and Sheraton pat-
terns is worth close attention. Asa rule the form is good
and the color and decoration pleasing. In the latter re-
spects there is almost unlimited scope for variety of treat-
ment. However, one word of caution is necessary. In
purchasing such furniture it is better for several reasons to
take modern reproductions, which are usually faithfully and
well copied. The genuine antiques in this style are often
so battered as to necessitate endless touching up at great
expense and the initial cost is apt to be out of all proportion
to intrinsic worth. Furniture of this sort is particularly
suitable for bedrooms and drawing-rooms in Summer homes
by reason of its lightness and cheerful coloring. Painted
satinwood chairs, tables, sideboards and cabinets are always
charming and suitable for any place where they will not be
subjected to severe usage. Lacquered work after Queen
Anne designs is deservedly coming more into vogue. ‘The
shapes are excellent while the coloring and decoration are
extremely attractive, the gilt ornament of Chinese land-
scapes being applied on a groundwork of dark blue, red,
black or green. Much of this furniture is imported from
England, but a good deal is made and decorated in America
and very well made, too.

It is a far cry, perhaps, from the courtly furniture just
considered to the homemade contrivances of Bavarian and
Hungarian peasants, but the quaint style of decoration em-
ployed opens up a field so pregnant with delightful possi-
bilities for us that we should be great losers by ignoring it.
The peasant furniture of Eastern Europe, whether the mak-
ers be Magyar, Teutonic or Slav, is naive in decoration,
full of vital originality in design, elemental vigor. of.color

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

An exceptionally fine satinwood settee from a private collection in Philadelphia

July, 1912

and unweakened by over refinement. Colorings, pattern
and construction of this painted furniture are traditional
and instinct with national spirit. The wood commonly used
is pine and the lines simple and direct. Often his own
craftsman, the peasant chose easily fashioned pine as the
most suitable material to work in and, prompted to indulge
in gorgeous decoration both by the bareness of the wood
and his own innate love of brilliant color, he fully availed
himself of the free range afforded for play of fresh, un-
fettered imagination. In design and execution the Hun-
garian pieces are, perhaps, a trifle more angular and as-
sertive than the Bavarian work. Decoration of this type is
especially suitable for chests, boxes, presses and cupboards.
It matters not if they are as plain as “Plain Jane” and made
of mean wood, Bavarian painted ornament will help them
mightily in nine cases out of ten. If we go into a strange
room and discover a cupboard or chest of this kind, it may
strike us at first as crude, but by and by we find our eye
wandering back to it and we realize its growing charm. Its
straightforward naiveté lays strong hold upon us and we
should feel its removal a positive loss. ‘To be sure, we
cannot always get these pieces from their native source, but
our craftsmen can faithfully reproduce them in color, design
and feeling, and though they may not have the patina of
age they create the same ingenuous atmosphere of homely
comfort and cheer as the originals.

The Bavarian bride’s dower chest shown in the illustra-
tion is a replica of one in the National Museum in Munich.
It is two and a half feet long, a foot wide and a foot and a
half high, including the base. On a cream colored ground
the bright-hued flowers, figures and bands stand out vividly.
The body of the chest is free of depressions or projections
of any kind. Wide yellow decorative bands divide the front
into three panels. In the two side panels stiff sprays of
flowers and leaves spring primly from vases; in the central
panel is a bunch of four plums. A comical little man with a

_ (Continued on page 261)

July, 1912

a i

Among the “‘properties”’

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

239

UE ALLIS SE BIDE DI EIR LALIT REALE 3 ELE SUP ELED A cemrnnenrmennaegemcnrmmn ay |

of the pageant the old-time stagecoach with its narrow windows, swinging middle seat and drop steps was prominent

Tne American Pageant

By Adelia Belle Beard
Photographs by the Author

q| UT-OF-DOOR life, now so popular in Amer-

ica, may have brought the pageant into
vogue; or possibly we have imitated Eng-
land in this revival of one of the oldest and
simplest forms of the drama, but whatever
its cause or its source the pageant is most
certainly here, and we, contributing to it a new life, new
themes and a wealth of enthusiastic fervor all our own,
have gone pageant mad. Our country, the eastern part
especially, has caught the infection in its most virulent form
and is now in the throes of a new aspiration with a wild
desire to beat the Old World
at it own game of pageant
making.

Small New England towns
and villages, some of whose
inhabitants have never seen
the inside of a theatre, are
enthused almost out of their
traditional New England re-
serve and are competing
with one another in the big-
ness and splendor of their
out-of-door dramas where
the dramatis persone is
made up of the town people
themselves; shining lights
among our actors and ac-

Shee LAL C

Zaye shine vata in mite a as fous Blown ae te TRE

tresses are offering their services gratis if the pageant is
given for a purpose of which they approve and certain of
their requirements are complied with; schools, which now
accept dramatics as an educational factor of no little value,
are using the pageant more than the play, and yet people
are asking: ‘“‘What is a pageant?”

The writer’s answer to this question is, that a pageant,
per se, is a story told by a continuous series of living, moy-
ing pictures, a living panorama produced out-of-doors amid.
natural scenery and natural surroundings. When the old
models are followed events are largely represented by al-
legory, or rather the sub-.-
jects are, in the main, treated
symbolically. Like mu ral
paintings, pageants are mde
imposing and effective when_
they assume a decorative
form. The grandeur and
importance of the themes
frequently chosen require
simplicity and nobleness of
treatment and a too realistic
rendering would belittle
them.

From the Twelfth well.
into the Sixteenth Century
pageantry flourished in Eng-
land, frequently in the form

240 |

ee:

of religious miracle-plays. These were performed first by
the clergy, but became still more popular when later the
people took them into their own hands and they were en-
acted by trading companies which were the representatives
of particular trades. Each company had its own play and
these plays were combined into one great pageant, giving
the entire Bible history from Creation to the Judgment
Day. ‘The originals of some of these plays are said to have
come from France, many were taken directly from the
Bible and from legends of the saints.

The various trading-companies provided each its own
stage in the form of a scaffold on four wheels. In these
days we would call it a float. This scaffold had two rooms,
an upper and a lower one. ‘The upper room, entirely open
and without a roof, was used as a stage, the lower one for
a dressing-room. As in our modern parades, these floats
followed one another over a given route, but instead of
moving steadily along, each float made a stop in each street
of the town long enough to enact its play, and was then
wheeled to the next stopping place, where it reproduced its
performance.

The first float gave the first play or chapter of the story
exclusively and enacted it in every street. The second float
followed the first and gave the second chapter, the third

PES RE,

aS es sale %
A group of tiny woed nymphs

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The symbolic dance was introduced at intervals throughout the pageant

July, r912

followed the second, and so on until
the pageant was being played in every
street and the audience at each stop-
ping place saw the whole perform-
ance from beginning to end. How
many floats were required for the tell-
ing of the story has not, been re-
corded.

Though most of the principal
events were pictured on the movable
stages the actors were not entirely
confined to them, for at times, it is
said, characters on horseback would
ride up to the “scaffold” and others
would “rage in the strete.”

The costumes were mostly conven-
tional. Divine personages were iden-
tified by gilt hair and beards, the de-
mons by hideous false heads, the souls
by black or white coats, according to
their condition, and the angels by
gold skin and wings. In other early
English pageants heroes of mythol-
ogy and history and the abstract ideas
of morality or patriotism were rep-
resented in allegory by costumed fig-
ures, and the city of London refused to allow even the great
plays of Shakespeare to supplant these exhibitions, so dear
were they to the hearts of the people.

So far the American pageant has not been a free-to-all
performance, nor has it trailed its splendors through the
streets of a town; it has chosen, rather, to confine itself to
a suitable place in the open where its audience can be seated,
if not always with entire comfort, at least seated, and where
the privilege of a seat and of viewing the pageant has each
its own price. Our most ambitious effort in the past was
the rendering several years ago of Jeanne d’Arc in the
stadium at Boston with Maude Adams in the title role; what
we may yet achieve in this line is beyond prophecy.

While classical subjects find favor, the most popular and
pleasing to the people in general are themes taken from our
own history, and indeed for Americans this is a wise choice.
It opens a new field for American dramatists also which
doubtless will be ably and perhaps grandly filled, for, like
some of the best of the old writers, they will not deem it
beneath the dignity of their profession to contribute to the
people’s drama, raise it to the highest standard and make
it typically American. Though our history is not ancient it
still has its myths and its legends, and state history, as well
as national, abounds with incidents that can be picturesquely
presented by pageantry.

For the old pageants a general prologue was spoken by
a herald, but the modern method of giving in the pro-
gramme a synopsis of events and an explanation of the sym-
bolical renderings is more satisfactory. From the stand-
point of the audience of to-day the nearer the pageant ap-
proaches the pantomime the better, for the story is more
clearly understood when nothing is left to be explained by
the dialogue or monologue, to which one seldom attempts
to listen even if the untrained voices can, in the open air,
make speech intelligible.

When before one stretches the great, wide, beautiful out-
of-door stage, perfect as nature is perfect, a picture in itself,
often filled with restless, gaily caparisoned horses, strange
vehicles, oddly dressed men, women and children, what does
it matter that one or two of the actors would try to put the
situation into words, and who gives them a thought unless,
perhaps, to wish they would have done and allow history to
move along without waiting for them to say their little
pieces. The shouts of the multitude, an important procla-

July, 1912

mation, or the cry of a single char-
acter is often effective; singing can
also be introduced to advantage, but
when long speeches or dialogues oc-
cur where there is little or no action
the audience grows restless and re-
members that the board seats are
hard and the sun hot. Too much
preliminary action for an unimpor-
tant result, such as a prolonged search
for wood with which to make a fire,
is also tiring to the audience strung
up to the witnessing of large events.
But let one picture follow another in
quick succession, yet absolutely with-
out hurry, and the people, actors and
audience alike are carried along
lightly by the sweep of events until
the end of the pageant comes all too
soon.

A successful pageant is well grouped.
That is, when groups are formed they
present a picture whose composition
is good, and herein is found the need
of an artist’s eye, not necessarily that
of a professional, but of one who
understands composition. To the audience the stage is al-
ways a picture, however its groups of actors may shift and
change, and though a group happens to be far in the back-
ground and is apparently unimportant, it should form a
tableau pleasing in itself and one which falls naturally into
place in the general composition.

Dress plays an important part in the pageant. To be
successful the historical pageant must be correctly costumed
and the actors attired strictly in the style of the period rep-
resented where the representation is to be literal. When
allegory is employed the costume should be symbolical and
fashioned to suit the subject, indicating at a glance the idea
embodied, just as the costume of the Goddess of Liberty
proclaims the freedom of a nation.

One of the most attractive features of this out-of-door
performance is the dancing. It lightens and relieves the
historical pageant as comedy lightens tragedy in some of
the greatest of our plays, and it is seldom omitted in a suc-
cessful pageant even when the story does not strictly call
for it.

Way up in the hill country of Vermont the six little vil-
lages of Thetford lately combined to produce a pageant
commemorative of the one hundred and fiftieth birthday
of the township, and this historical pageant was made very
beautiful by the dances. The history of Thetford in its prin-
cipal events was told down to the present day, but the story
commenced at the period before history began, when the
place was inhabited only by spirits of nature; a most poet-
ical opening for the story of sterner facts that followed.

The natural scene which the audience confronted was ‘‘a
typical fold of the green hills, a narrow stretch of intervale
and the curving line of the Connecticut River.” ‘The pa-
geant opened with the appearance of the Nature Spirits.
Clothed in shimmering costumes of pale green, pale blue,
and silver tinsel, the water sprites immerged from the foli-
age on the river banks as if arising from the water below;
then from the background came the spirits of the intervale,
rushing forward in the dance as though blown by the wind.
These were dressed in light, floating draperies of warm,
soft, pastel tints; yellows, pinks, rose and violet, represent-
ing the fruits and flowers of the valley. Finally, coming
down the hill far at the back, swaying and bending in the
dance as the trees sway and bend in the breeze, were seen
the mountain nymphs, dressed in greens and browns and

AMERICAN HOMES

GARDENS

AND

. ge on 3
FA 3 t ola 4 > Fe

For the costuming of the Thetford Pageant, attics, old cedar chests and hair trunks of the com-
bined six villages were ransacked and verily the result was a remarkable collection

bearing aloft in both hands sheaves of living green branches.
When these three groups met and mingled in a dramatic
dance, gracefully fantastic, the effect was indescribably
lovely and the composition and blending of colors a triumph
to the director and leader. Often the scene, with its dancing
figures, reminded one of a painting by Corot, and when at
times little butterflies fluttered among the dancers and
groups of flowers sprung up in the background there seemed
nothing lacking that would add to its beauty.

The symbolic dance was introduced at intervals through-
out the pageant. At one time the flaming spirit of war
appeared, gleaming, naked sword in hand, and in a weird
and cruel dance, announced the episode of the Civil War.
Again the awakening of sleeping Thetford by Pageantry
was represented in a dramatic dance, two characters only
taking part, Thetford and Pageantry.

Apart from symbolical dances were the dance of the
American Indians and later the old-time country dance, the
Indian dance forming a connecting link between the fan-
tastic undulating evolutions of the Nature Spirits and the
prosaic pigeon-wings of the before-the-war period.

For the costuming of the Thetford pageant, attics, old
cedar chests and hair trunks of the combined six villages

+ %;

Sas

Te | little tots

representing butterflies

242

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS

William and Mary period, 1690

Old English Brass Hooks

By William T. Phillips

Charles II period, 1680 Charles I period, 1630

mq)| LIE brass hooks illustrated upon this page gowns and other things on for the past two decades as is
| are modern reproductions of old English to be found in the brass hooks patterned after examples

examples of
earlier peri-
ods, which
may now be
had in America, the exam-
ples here shown having
been imported recently. We
are coming to interest our-
selves more and more in

that date from the Seven-
teenth Century. One of
these hooks is Dutch, but
being brought to England
at an early time was, we
believe, copied by early
English craftsmen, but
others of the William and
Mary, King Charles, and of

the minutia of home-decora-
tion, in the little things that
play a modest part in home
furnishings, but which, after all, are
essential factors in many respects.
Hooks, for instance, abound in every
house, and how ugly many of them
are—nearly all of them in fact. It
is a pleasure therefore to come across
so excellent a substitute for the hooks
we have been hanging our hats, coats,

the Georgian era were the
work of early English de-
signers and metal workers.

One is pleased to note the revival of
beautiful “house hardware’”’ in evidence
in this instance as well as in other contem-
porary productions. It is to be hoped that
modern craftsmen will go one step fur-
ther and give us more examples than we
find at the present time of artistic metal-
work designed for the house interior.

Dutch, circa 1700 Long hook, William and Mary period ) Seventeenth century = ~~

HOMES AND GARDENS

The home of Dr. Dwight E. Marvin, at Summit, New Jersey, is an unusually successful example of the gambrel roof type

Ame,

Ras

of house

A Colonial House in New Jersey

By Robert H. Van Court
Photographs by T. C. Turner

HE never ending quest for the small house
that is well designed leads one to country
and suburban homes of every possible type.
There are some architectural styles, how-
ever, which may be successfully used only
for large and extensive buildings, for one
can hardly imagine a small suburban cottage of Gothic or
Italian Renaissance design. Other styles of architecture,
upon the other hand, seem particularly suited to small coun-
try homes and other buildings of a somewhat intimate and
domestic character, and of these types none is more popular
or more widely used than what we know as the “Dutch Col-
onial”’ style.

The chief characteristic of this type, of course, is the
“sambrel” or double hipped roof, but it is interesting to
note that while this kind of roof seems to have been in-
vented in America its use was not confined to the region
immediately about New York where Dutch influence pre-
vailed. It occurs also in numerous old farmhouses through-
out New England, and several well-known examples are
still standing near Medford, Deerfield and other old locali-
ties in Massachusetts. The famous Hancock Mansion,
which for generations was one of the landmarks of Bos-
ton, was also built with a gambrel roof, somewhat high in
pitch and lighted by dormer windows. A gambrel roof
which is really Dutch, however, is almost invariably pos-
sessed of certain lines by means of which it may be readily

identified. Its dimension from the ridge-poles to the point
where the downward slope begins is nearly always much
shorter than the length of the slope itself, while in the case
of the New England example the two dimensions are very
nearly the same. The slope of the Dutch gambrel drops
with a very graceful curve—it is never precisely straight, as
the New England roof invariably is.

At Summit, New Jersey, Mr. Benjamin V. White, a New
York architect, has built for Dr. Dwight E. Marvin a house
which embodies the characteristics of the New England
rather than of the Dutch gambrel roof, and which is in
many ways a successful example of this very pliable style,
and the place is particularly interesting by reason of the
beauty of the site as well as the tasteful designing and plan-
ning of the house itself. A low hill or knoll rises gently
from the roadway. ‘The soil is rocky and in many places
there are boulders which appear above the surface of the
ground. A dense growth of forest trees and underbrush
surrounds the house and affords a background, providing a
delightfully rural setting for its carefully studied archi-
tecture.

Owing to the slope of the ground a straight walk directly
from the street to the entrance doorway would have in-
volved a flight of steps near the house. “Ihe approach has
therefore been planned with a curving walk which enters
the grounds at one side, avoiding the slope, and leaving the
greater part of the space surrounding the house for a lawn

244

which has been so planted
with shrubbery that the ap-
parent size of the place is
very much increased. The
walls of the lower story of
the house are of stucco,
which also covers the foun-
dation walls where they ap-
pear above the ground. The
gable ends and the sweeping
gambrel roof are of shingles
with a slightly roughened
sumtace which is either
stained or left to acquire the
weather worn appearance
which exposure to rain and
sunshine very shortly pro-
duces.» The roof-is here
brought down very low, coy-
ering the entrance doorway
and the two shallow bay windows which are placed at either
side. A veranda placed at each end of the building ex-
tends its lines and preserves the formal balance of the
house and the roof is broken by one long, continuous dor-
mer which enlarges and lights the upper floor with even
less breaking of roof lines than there would be had three

LAUNDRY

PIAZZA

LIVING
ROOM

cain = = P a
FIRST FLOOR.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The hall and stairway with its wainscoting and graceful baluster and
newel

July, r912

the panels of lattice-work
placed just beneath. These
points of design are quite in
accord with the principles of
early Dutch colonial archi-
tecture, for what little in-
terior decoration there is
has been placed where it
strengthens and emphasizes
structural lines.

Before the main entrance
is a small porch with steps at
either end rather than at the
front, which is the usual
method. The door itself is
filled with six tiny squares of
glass which light the hallway
within, where the interior
has been planned upon the
same modified Dutch colonial
lines which have been used for the exterior of the building. A
broad hall divides the house and wide doorways open into
rooms at either side. Just ahead, as one enters the hall,
the stairway with its wainscoting and graceful baluster and
newel leads to the floor above. Beneath the landing of the
stairs is placed an arch in the old-fashioned manner, and

CHAMBER.

— SECOND FLOOR

First and second floor plans of the Marvin house

or four smaller dormer windows been used. As seen from
the roadside the interest of the house depends very
largely upon the skill with which it has been placed amid its
surroundings, the well-designed details of planning, such as
the wooden blinds at the entrance door, the transoms and
casements of the oriel windows and the simple but very
decorative character of the railing of the veranda and

The library is may Z roomful of Babks

just beyond is a Dutch door divided horizontally in the
middle, which one feels sure leads into a garden where
tulips, hyacinths and other bulbous plants bloom with the
first breath of Spring. The walls of the entrance hall are
covered with a foliage paper, woodwork is of white enamel
and several old rush-bottomed chairs with straight backs
painted in black and gold do much to carry out the old-

The dining-room is bright and attractive

July, ror2 AMERICAN

fashioned effect here welcome.

At the left of the hall are
living-room andlibrary. The
living-room faces the street
and the six windows which
overlook the entrance are
placed in a shallow oriel or
bay window and are ar-
ranged with small panes in
casements which open out-
ward, as such windows
should. The living-room also
has a fireplace of very spa-
cious and hospitable dimen-
sions and a French window
opens upon a broad veranda
which -is screened by tall
growing shrubbery and flow-
ering vines. Beyond the liv-
ing-room is the library or study, which is placed upon a
somewhat lower level than the living-room, so that one de-
scends two or three steps in entering it. At the far end of
the room are casement windows closely grouped—the walls
are lined with bookcases which extend almost to the ceiling.
A study or library should of course possess a literary atmos-
phere to a marked degree, and this is here accomplished by
the shelves filled with books in bindings of many colors and
other volumes upon an old-fashioned study table. Old
chairs, some of them covered with leather, are grouped
about and help to supply the note of comfort without which

A delightful vista is presented from the broad porch-terrace situated between the bays of the living-room and the dining-room

HOMES AND GARDENS

eect of We house in the Fall Ae year

245

\/ any library is merely a roon
{filled with books.

| Opposite the living-room
is the dining-room, where
more casement windows
look out across the lawn
and where another window
reaching to the floor opens
upon a small porch planned
for the serving of meals
out-of-doors. This veranda
is screened with wire netting
and is very close to a stretct
of woodland into which a
glimpse is given. The white
woodwork of the dining-
room includes a narrow
shelf or plate rack which
is carried around the room
at the top of the doors and windows, and upon this narrow
shelf are various old plates and tiles placed against the
plaster frieze. The walls are covered with an old-fashioned
flowered paper which creates a background for mahogany
furniture of a very simple Sheraton pattern adorned with
narrow strips of inlay, and the tints of both the furniture
and wall covers are emphasized by the dark-toned rugs
which cover the floor. In all of these rooms the lighting
fixtures are side lights of brass with the electric bulbs
covered by cut glass shades of a most attractive pattern.

»(Continued on page 264)

“ : tA
x . SP eee

HOM

AMERICAN

6
B3
&
£
b

aVEEEI!"”

UOT LY)

Ties

aS. ‘ x OPP EEE EO:

wi ae

be ee

ATTRACTIVE

FOR
5) THE SUMMER 5

HOME

E1Ole

ial
LS]

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

248 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

This unconventional bungalow is built of terra cotta hollow tile, covered with rough plaster, and was designed by its owners

An Unconventional Bungalow of Hollow Tile

By E. I. Farrington

ERHAPS all bungalows are expected to be
unconventional, but if that be the case the
one owned and occupied by Mr. John L.
Hamilton of Wollaston, Mass., is excep-
tionally so. It was designed in all its de-
tails by Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton, who take
especial pride in the fact that there is not a single dark
corner in it, even the closets being lighted. ‘The plans were
made by Stewart and Marshall, architects.

The walls of the bungalow are built of terra cotta hol-
low tile and the exterior is
covered with rough plaster.
@n the roof is one of the
fire-resisting roofing ma-
terials now in common use,
so that the house is prac-
tically fireproof.

Although the bungalow,
with its wide porch in front
and sun parlor at the rear,
presents an attractive ap-
parence from without, the
interior arrangements are
of greater interest. Being
a true bungalow, the house
has but one story. ‘The liv-
ing-room, which occupies
the center, extends to the
roof, and is lighted in part | __—__—_—i'h essence
by small dormers. At the The ‘‘Loafery”’

has burlap-covered walls and built-in seats

rear 1s a massive fireplace and at the front over the en-
trance-hall, a gallery which makes an ideal place for read-
ing and writing. A group of latticed windows opens from
this gallery and aid in giving light to the living-room.
Opening from the living-room are all the other apart-
ments. At the same time the rooms on each side constitute
a suite. At the right are two bedrooms with a bathroom
between. At the left are two bedrooms with double closets
between. ‘These closets are very large and a door opens
from one into the other, making what amounts to a secret
passageway between the two
rooms. Opening from the
rear bedroom and from a
hall leading to the living-
room is another bathroom,
thus providing for an un-
usual degree of privacy.
There is also a lavatory in
the little hall just men-
tioned and lighted by a
window high in the wall
looking into the kitchen.
At the right of the en-
trance vestibule is a coat-
closet, a window from which
opens into another closet
connected with the owner’s
room. This closet has an
ae, outside window, so that both
closets are lighted and can

July, 1912

be quickly and easily venti-
lated. In the bathroom are
wide shelves for linen and
other articles and a man’s
closet with a laundry basket.

The high windows in the

front bedroom give privacy

==
without the need of draw- Sone ‘ [Stove |
ing shutters. These and | ae
many other windows in the
house are hinged at the bot- | Kans

tom and when opened are
held by a chain or rod, so
that the rooms may be venti-
lated at the top and without
danger of the air blowing
directly on the occupants. At
a social gathering of men in

LIVING

Ron

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ea
Ik — | FUTCHEN

249

close to the pantry. This
has been found a convenient
arrangement on many _ oc-
casions.

des Opening from one corner
: of the living-room is what
the owner of this house

terms the “‘loafery,” per-

haps as fitting a word as
“den.” It has green burlap
walls, with a picture frieze,
built-in seats and small high

windows, making it alto-
BEO gether a delightful retreat.
Ker | From this room the stairs to

the gallery lead.
The house is fifty feet and
six inches long by forty-two

ES i
Gs)

the big living-room one feet and six inches wide, so

evening cigars were lighted N that a very large basement

and the room soon filled Ie ae OWN might be expected. As a

with smoke. After the LOAFERY Beet Rom | matter of fact, only a part

visitors had departed, the ine Ocal” / of the space has been exca-

hinged windows in the ill vated, making so much less
SSS ae =a

gallery and in other parts of
the house were opened and
in ten or fifteen minutes the
house was entirely free of
smoke.

A single chimney serves
for kitchen range, fireplace
and hot water heater, although there is a butler’s pantry
between the living-room and the kitchen. The pipe from
the range is covered with asbestos and passes through the
top of this pantry.

The square dining-room is so arranged that when the
table is extended to its full length to accommodate guests,
the maid may enter from the pantry, pass around the table
and make her exit through the living-room door, which is

The massive brick fireplace dominates the living-room

Plan of the hollow tile bungalow

to keep in order. In the
basement is a laundry, a
room for the maid and the
main room, where _ the
heater is located, and in one
corner of which there is a
little workshop. Special
conditions governed the building of this bungalow, but it
could be duplicated for from five to six thousand dollars,
according to location. The great room of this house, occu-
pying a midway situation, appears on plan form to be com-
pletely flanked on all sides. But instead of being pent,
every outer part is a vassal to its interior lines, so command-
ing is its position, being just as accessible in its floor practice
as its elevation is to light, to ventilation and to enjoyability.

into the “‘Loafery”’

The gallery end of the living-room, looking

: AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

July, 1912

Here one sees pictured a water-tank, well placed, the lower portion of which is screened by judicious planting

The Isolated

Power Plant

By Jonathan A. Rawson, Jr.

S TO the advantages to be derived from the
f ]| presence of an individual power plant on
ry {| the farm or country estate, there can be no

“Qi<id) argument. If the place is located where it
can easily obtain a supply of electricity from
the central power station, there are many
arguments for securing power in this way rather than by
equipping and operating one’s own isolated plant. But it
is not given to all country residents to enjoy such an op-
portunity, and even though it were, assuming that the estate
is large enough, there would still be the usual contentions
in favor of the individual plant such as complete independ-
ence, and a saving in expense. In the matter of expense,
the place would naturally have to be of sufficient extent in
order to consume enough electrical power to make it worth
the owner’s while to buy and install a plant and provide
for its operation.

As as matter of fact, there can be no general rule as to
the desirability or undesirability of isolated power plants on
country estates. [here are so many things on which it
depends. First of all, there is the size of the estate and
the extent to’ which it is “farmed.” ‘Then there is the cost
of fuel, the expense of installation and operation, and the
general condition of the labor market. If hand labor is
cheap, abundant and efficient, as it rarely is, the necessity
for the power plant is diminished. If on the other hand,
manual labor is hard to get, fickle in its allegiance, unin-
telligent and high priced, then the demand for the power
plant becomes irresistible, unless operations are confined
to a small scale and their potential profits thus greatly
diminished.

The .serious question involved does not bear upon the
kind of power to be employed so much as upon the greater
puzzle as to whether there shall be a power plant or not;

Le
TWN

and to determine this point each owner must do his own
figuring, studying not only the cost of the plant under con-
sideration and the expense of running it, but also his past
expenses for labor, the average annual value of his farm
products and the possibility for increasing their value by
the employment of mechanical means. Labor-saving ma-
chinery is the same on the farm as everywhere else. It is
profitable always if the operations warrant it. After it is
once in place, it is sure to save money and to add to the
peacefulness and pleasures derived from country living.
Few high-grade country residences are built nowadays
without their own power plants to provide the illumination
and water supply, unless they are served by public service
companies. It was in the house that electricity first came
into use on the country place, for illumination and for the
lighter tasks of housekeeping; but there are so many things
to be done about the country place that always used to be
done by sheer force of muscle, and that are so much more
easily done by electricity, that it was the most natural thing
in the world to run the wires out to the barn and the dairy,
even though the actual farming operations were not exten-
sive. So in recent years the machinery manufacturers have
arisen to the opportunities that confronted them and made it
possible for the amateur or professional farmer to get very

smuch more out of his property, and not at a heavily in-

creased expense at that.

The windmill was perhaps the first isolated power plant
for use on the farm, and the evolution of the windmill from
its first crude forms into its present mechanical perfection
is but typical of the general progress that has been achieved
through the entire machinery world. The windmill had one
serious disadvantage, which was, that it would work only
when the wind blew. So plans had to be devised to store
up the power while it was working, for use when it is idle.

July, 1912
There are four such
schemes. One is to connect

the mill ‘to an electric dyna-
mo and store up the power
in storage batteries. Another
is to run an air compressor
by the windmill and then use
the compressed air for
power. A third method is to
make the windmill pump
water into a pressure tank
which would in turn force it
to the outlets, but this device
was planned for the purpose
of securing a water supply

rather than a supply of § | me i? =
power. The fourth method B® pas Gea
of making the windmill’s ' . ee 3

usefulness available at all
times is to have it pump
water into a tank on a tower
and then to allow the water to run from this tower down
through a water motor and thence to the outlets, or in
case more water is used for power than is wanted otherwise,
allow it to run to another tank whence it is again pumped
back to the first tank.

With the windmill, the electric motor and gas engine are
now the chief contenders for the honor of supplying the
farm with power. Each system has many ardent friends,
and the advocates who represent them always reverse the
usual court procedure, playing the part of the prosecuting
attorney and attempting to have them sentenced to long
terms at hard labor, declaring their qualifications for such
appointments in terms and figures that apparently defy
contradiction until the other party gets the floor and enters
his plea. reid

Many men have no fondness for mechanics or anything
that has to do with machinery, and to such the matter of
picking a power plant to be lived with on one’s own prop-
erty must often appear most mystifying and unattractive.
This phase of the situation is, however, quite certain to
vanish in thin air, when account is first taken of the great
possibilities in the case and of the undoubted benefits to be
derived. Neither college nor correspondence courses in
physics are essential to provide an entirely adequate under-
standing of the subject.

Perhaps right here it may be fitting to define briefly
the units of power measurement in which the machinery
catalogues abound, but which enter into many men’s exper-
iences for the first time when they approach the selection
of a power plant for their own places. The unit of mechan-
ical power is the horse-power, and the watt is the unit of elec-

WEE ID 05 5 sia

installed as that shown in the illustration to the right

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A power plant equipment of this type is adapted for employment either
on the suburban premises or for the country home

A garage and power plant can be combined, and such an equipment

251

trical power. One horse-
power is the force required
to raise 33,000 pounds one
foot in one minute, and a
watt is 1-746 part of a horse-
power. A kilowatt is 1,000
watts or 1.34 horse-power.
The unit of electrical pres-
sure is the volt, which is ap-
proximately one-half the
pressure exerted by an ordin-
ary dry battery. The flow of
the electrical current is meas-
ured in amperes, one ampere
being the amount of the cur-
rent that flows when a pres-
sure of one volt is applied to
a circuit with a resistance of
one ohm, the name given to
the unit of resistance to the
passage of the current.
Voltage, or the pressure that produces the flow of the
current, is measured by an instrument called a voltmeter,
while the ammeter measures the current in amperes. An
ampere-hour is the number of amperes multiplied by the
number of hours the current flows, while the lamp-hour
is the number of lamps in use multiplied by the number of
hours during which they burn. :

The improvements of late years in the construction of
gas and of oil engines, as well as in electrical machinery
generally and storage batteries in particular, have accom-
plished the perfection of small power plants to a point
where efficiency is assured if only the simplest care is
employed in the selection and due regard is had for the
conditions under which work is to be done. The questions
of first cost, and of expense of operation and maintenance
have also been worked out greatly to the advantage of even
the smallest farms.

Gas engines and oil engines are made in almost any
capacity. One leading firm builds them in sizes from one
horse-power to 500 horse-power and is prepared to fill
special demands for plants up to 2,000 horse-power. In
case gasoline is too expensive as the fuel for any reason,
other liquid fuels may be substituted, and engines are de-
signed to use a heavier kerosene oil and alcohol. By com-
mon consent, the internal combustion engine is the most
eficient of all, converting a larger percentage of heat into
mechanical energy than any other form of prime mover.
While the efficiency of a steam plant is rarely over twelve
per cent, that of the gas engines is commonly rated at
twenty per cent. Alcohol is said to work as effectively in

gasoline engines as gasoline, and one estimate has it that

\
\
~.

Such an equipment as this may be installed at a comparatively low
cost in a building like that shown on the left

ae ee
F

352 AMERICAN

HOMES AND

GARDENS July, 1913

poi 2

four gallons of alcohol are the equivalent of three gallons
of gasoline. Since alcohol does not carburet as readily
as gasoline, it affords more difficulty in starting. A fair
estimate is, that the average consumption of gasoline per
horse-power per hour is about one sixth or one seventh
gallon, with a minimum of one tenth gallon.

Most of the dealers’ catalogues say that the internal com-
bustion engines are regularly fitted for gasoline, naphtha,
benzine or distillate, but that when so ordered they can be
equipped to operate on alcohol, gas or kerosene. If the
purchaser specifies no preference he will in most cases re-
ceive a gasoline engine.

As between steam and gasoline for the farm power plant,
all the advantages are with the latter, and steam is rarely
if ever considered now. ‘The gasoline engine is always
ready to start, and at the end of the run it wastes no partly
used fuel. It does not store up large supplies of energy
which might suddenly be released so as to cause an explo-
sion. If its supply tank is buried underground outside the
buildings, as it properly should be, there is no addition
to the fire risk from that quarter. Larger engines are
naturally required for irrigation than for general farm
purposes, but even a three to ten horse-power gas engine
can do most effective work in furnishing water for a small
field. A five horse-power engine is capable of raising 500
gallons of water per minute from a depth of 20 feet. In
filling the silo, 75 tons of corn fodder will be handled in
one working day by an engine of 12 to 15 horse-power on
a fuel allowance of 10 to 12 gallons. A 30-bushel load of
ear corn can be transferred into its car or granary in three
to six minutes by the means of a two horse-power engine.

The little portable farm gasoline engines are entitled to
high rank among the benefits given to mankind. ‘They
have helped out many small farmers who could never have
afforded large stationary plants, and for the suburban resi-
dent who does not make farming his chief business but who
is still eager to develop his place as extensively as possible,
these portable outfits have many attractions. With a belt
drive, they are ready to work anywhere indoors or out
and they are entirely capable of undertaking many of the
jobs which if done by hand would require more men and
more money for expenses.

The advocates of electricity as the proper form of power
for country estates, will always introduce their argument
with the assertion that windmills, water wheels, steam en-
gines and hot air engines complicate the operation of farm-
ing implements, because of the need for shafting, pulleys,
belts and other transmission machinery, and that such
power can only be used in restricted areas near the point
where the power is generated. But they do not proceed
far with their argument before they pay homage to the
gasoline engine. ‘Their use for it is to drive their dynamos.
Water power, windmills, steam engines and turbines may be
used to drive the generators, but the gasoline engine is
obviously the most generally adaptable and easily obtainable.

The arguments for electricity on the farm are its safety,
flexibility in operation, reliability and cleanliness. In the

*f
% mn
pee “

The isolated power plant should be designed to form a pleasing unit in the arrangement of the grouping of outbuildings

matter of cost, the advantage is more than likely to be with
the gasoline engine, but all things considered the electrical
outfit appears to be much more mobile and versatile. But if
the gasoline engine will do all that is necessary to be done,
and where it can be done most conveniently, it is clearly un-
necessary to transform its power into electrical energy and
let it labor in that form. The question of portability is an
open one. ‘There are portable electrical outfits that can
travel about on trucks, but they have to be started by the
gasoline engine.

In the house electricity is the thing by all means. It
will furnish light and do many little odd jobs that gasoline
cannot attempt, and it is beyond dispute safer and cleaner.

There are few if any forms of ordinary farm work that
the electric motor will not do efhciently. Besides attending to
all the simpler duties, like running the cream separator, churn,
corn sheller, farming mill, circular saw, feed grinder, grind-
stone and washing machine, it may apply for employment
in the dairy and used readily with the vacuum milking
machine as an assistant, and with its help the vacuum clean-
ing system may be applied direct to the cows themselves.
All the loose hair and dirt is drawn into the dust collector
and removed. ‘The gasoline engine may, it is true, be
assigned to these same tasks, but the electric equipment
appears to be more compact and practical, and there is
certainly an advantage in being able to keep the gasoline
engine out of the barn because of the fire risk, if for no
other reason.

In the dairy, electric motors take little power to run the
separator and may be mounted on the floor, wall or ceiling
near the separator and connected to it by a transmission
belt. ‘They can be adapted readily to use with rotary
churns and butter workers, or with barrel and factory types
of churns driving either through gears or by belt con-
nections.

The total power capacity of the electrical engine plant
chosen for the country place should in every instance be
greater than the total amount that might be required at
any one time. One authority advises that the size selected
should depend to some extent on the point whether all
the power for labor and lighting is to be taken from the
storage batteries while the engine is not running, or whether
the heaviest load is to be taken from the engine direct and
the battery only used as a reserve for the hours when the
engine is idle; or whether the current will be taken from
both the generator and battery during the time of the
heaviest load.

Inside the farmhouse, there are almost as many things
for the electric current to do as out-of-doors or in the barn
or dairy. First, it will supply the lights. ‘Then, it will run
the washing machine, the sewing machine, the ice cream
freezer, the vacuum cleaner, the coffee grinder, the meat
grinder, the bread mixer, and so on indefinitely. The electric
iron and toaster, the complete cooking and baking outfits,
water heaters and heating pads, and even the electric shaving
mug and cigar lighter, carry its functions from the practical
and useful into that of the merely convenient and luxurious.

AMERICAN

July, 1912

These two illustrations here shown exhibit a convenient method of arranging the drainage-boards for the well-ordered kitchen sink

HOMES AND GARDENS 253

The Sanitary Plumbing of Homes

By Rolfe C. Roberts
Photographs by T. C. Turner and Others

q| HERE is an old proverb sometimes quoted

It is a heartless epigram and crude, never-
theless it contains much natural truth, since
physical life so often seems to be the founda-
tion on which the moral structure is built and material
wants underlying all others will clamor for early satisfac-
tion. So it is with houses; no height of adornment and
esthetic refinement will make livable a home that first lacks
the comforts of utility, and it is with the consciousness of
this truth before us that we are moved to introduce the very
important subject of the sanitary plumbing of the dwelling.
No complement of man’s housing is so vital to his physical
wants as this, as in the bathroom and in the kitchen it pro-
vides the instruments and means for many of the primary
daily ministrations to his body. Unfortunately a general
ignorance of the sanitary feature of the subject has often
led to the undue sacrificing of the plumbing equipment to
other and less essential expenditures, perhaps, to merely
ornamental ones in the building of a house, though now it
has come to be realized that .
this inconspicuous piping is
vastly more important than
the matter of fancy fixtures,
in the selection of which lat-
ter common error makes the
choice from appearances in-
stead of from their sanitary
and mechanical qualities.
An outline of the subject
will serve to place before the
mind’s eye the material fea-
tures to be considered of
plumbing, of which so much
is hidden away in floors and
walls that one uninitiated in
the subject has generally no
coherent idea of what it
really all is. The accom-
panying diagram indicates
the various fixtures, tubs,
basin, sink, etc., all placed

2 ET ae

to maids and matrons that declares “the way -
to a man’s heart is through his stomach.”

Bathtub fitted with a curtained shower

about the house where utility demands them. Note that
these are put as close together as possible and all connect-
ing with a rather elaborate hidden network of pipe. These
pipes may be classified according to their function as (a)
supply pipes for furnishing fresh water to the fixtures and
(b) drainage or waste pipes for carrying off used water
and refuse. A study of these various pipes will reveal the
community water-pipe entering the basin through the pro-
verbially tireless meter and then dividing into a cold and
hot water supply fixtures. The latter supply is obtained
by means of a boiler connected with the furnace or kitchen
range or, it may be, by a special heater and this is piped
to every fixture except the water-closet, which receives only
cold water. ‘Tracing now the branch drains which lead
from every fixture they will be observed to enter a large
main drain called the soil which, running vertically, extends
above the roof for ventilation, and discharges through the
house drain and trap in the basement into the public sewer
or, if it be in the country, into a cesspool or, better, into a
private sewage disposal plant. From these drain-pipes rise
the vapors of decomposition known as sewer gas, to exclude
which a trap is placed at
every fixture, just as the
one in the basement is ar-
ranged to exclude gas from
the main sewer. The trap
is one of the most significant
features of sanitation.

The foregoing outline is
sufficient to indicate that the
ordinance of plumbing con-
sists broadly of fixtures for
the use of water, and compli-
mentary pipes to convey and
remove water from them.
Therefore it is important
that both fixtures and pipes
be installed with equal care.
To neglect one side will neg-
ative the merits the other
side may possess and will
compromise the sanitary ef-
ficiency of the whole system

254

and if, as it should be, sani-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

July, 1912

it is a safe rule to eschew all

tary efficiency is the sine qua
non of plumbing, then only
first-class material and ex-
perienced and reputable
plumbers should be em-
ployed. Whether in a large
house or in a small one, the
employment of cheap mate-
rial and labor cannot prove
an economy but will, sooner
or later, lead to ever recur-
rent bills for constant. re-
pairs and readjustment.
FIXTURES

In the design of plumbing

fixtures there has been as.

SOIL& VENT
EXTENDING

ABOVE ROOF.

adorned fixtures, tiles and
cornices, rather diverting the
expenditure at hand to an
increase of mechanical per-
fection.

A word is here in place
about the bathroom designed
for the servants’ use. A ser--
vice bathroom should be
considered a necessity, not a
luxury, even in small houses.
The opportunity for cleanli-
ness in this direction is too
often overlooked by home
planners.

Of bathtubs the porcelain

KEY to ABBREVIATIONS.

I —— INP
BW_— BRANCH WASTE
V.— BRANCH VENT

tonishing improvement in re-
cent years. The essential
points of perfect ones may
be stated as an unabsorbent
surface, smooth and easily

MAIN SOIL—
MAIN VENT.

i HOT WATER
COLD WATER:

eras
ones are most elegant and

they are also most expensive.
They are often designed to
be built into the floors and
walls with a tile finishing

Wamean WATER LEADER,

cleaned, and an absence of
joints and square corners

where dirt will stick. All

against them in a most com-
pact and cleanly manner, but
are also set free or raised on

these features are embodied
in the modern fixtures of

PIRES PROM WATE:
BACK IN FuRNAcE |) UCNAC] METER —H

WATER. | WATER. SUPPLY

legs. Porcelain tubs absorb
considerable heat and keep

PUBLIC
UW SEWER,

glazed pottery and cast iron
which are cast in one piece
with rounded corners and
edges, and with smooth im-
pervious surfaces in white

IN A DWELLING.

Govse DRAIN TRAP WITH
Z G

DIAGRAM. TO ILLUSTRATE THE MAIN
FEATURES or WATER. fUPPLY & DRAINAGE

Gon SEWERS

down the temperature of the —
water until they are first
warmed—a trifle annoying
on a frosty morning. Enam-
eled iron tubs are cheaper

LEAN OUTSY

and ivory tints scarcely sur-
passed in appearance and sanitary perfection. Common
observation has not revealed to many people that all white
glazed vessels are not made of the same material. Some
are made of pottery with a thick shell and are known to
the trade as ‘Porcelain,’ while others are made of cast
iron and are technically termed ‘‘Enameled.” Rolled rims
on iron vessels increase their likeness to pottery which
they so closely resemble that people often buy them in the
belief that they are getting the other material. Pottery
fixtures are generally more expensive, are more distinguished
in appearance and for some purposes are best, but economy,
added to the virtue of the material, often makes enameled
iron a more suitable choice. Fixtures are made of other
materials, some of which will be mentioned later.
Beginning a review of fixtures with those of the bath-
room we shall find, in the typical instance, that this room
contains a tub, a lavatory and a water-closet, but greater
luxury may add a shower bath or such implements as a
sitz bath, a foot bath or a bidette. A well-appointed bath-
room is a great comfort and ministers to the
body as truly as does a good library to the
mind, even though the average man’s bath
cannot be large or sumptuous, let the plumb-
ing fixtures of the bathroom be good and
sanitarily correct. A bathroom may be a
legitimate object for decoration of the high-
est order, as in the example of the famous
one at Rambouillet, France, and as sug-
gested -in the fragmentary visions that
Singer has reconstructed of Roman and
Oriental splendor. A bathroom containing
nothing not prescribed by utility will stand
a much better chance of conforming not
only to the standards of good taste, but even
to the laws of art, than one attempting to
follow lines of decoration not in keeping
with its intention. ‘Therefore, in general,

Porcelain wash basin

and are more prominent in
average houses, and they are excellent fixtures. They are
also designed to set in the walls and floors, but usually
stand free on legs. ‘Their range in length is considerable,
according to space, but a convenient dimension is five feet.

Companion of the tub is the lavatory. When of porce-
lain it is often supported on a porcelain pedestal, or it may
be keyed to the wall and have the additional support of
one or two legs. When of enameled iron it is more often
made with a raised integral back and hung on the walls
with perhaps the reinforcement of brackets. Bowls may be
circular, rectangular or oval, but there seems to be a pre-
dilection for the latter shape. A marble slab to which a
porcelain bowl was screwed was once a common form of
lavatory, but it has corners and joints to loosen and become
dirty and marble stains are often hard to remove, so it is
now largely superseded by the one-piece glazed fixture.

The water-closet is the most important fixture from the
standpoint of sanitation and should be selected with care.
Siphon jet-closets are best; also most expensive. Siphon
wash-down fixtures are commended and are
most preferable to the variety known as
‘wash-out closets,” which lack the virtues of
the superior traps and siphonic flushing ac-
tion which the former two possess.

There are numerous good makes of
siphon jet-closets which vary in detail. Some
are arranged to make less noise than others
and some make a point of economy of water
used in flushing or of details of cleanliness.
For a perfect understanding of these it is
necessary to study the sectional drawings
and descriptions of manufacturers. A cer-
tain fixture, for instance, has been invented »
with a bowl and seat lower than the ordi-
nary closet and with the seat slightly in-
clined up from the hinge to be a little higher
in front. Closet seats are of wood, gener-

July, 1912

ally in natural finish, but there is a patented
process of white coating them. The low set
flushing-tank is a comparatively recent inno-
vation that is especially useful where head-
room is low, as under stairs and roofs, and
it is easier to clean and repair, but there is
no objection to the old form of high tank
where it is economy.

To many people, especially to men, a
shower is more useful than a tub and with
the advancement of hygiene the modern
American is becoming such an amphibious
creature that it is not uncommon to find one
in even a very modest house. For quick
daily baths it surpasses a tub because of the
ease and rapidity with which the immersion may be changed
in temperature. For economy showers are sometimes placed
over the bathtubs with a ring from which is suspended a
curtain of cotton duck or silk-lined rubber. A more gen-
erous scheme is a framework of polished tube placed on a
receptor about three or three and one half feet square. This
form may have a needle bath spray of lateral streams and
is also surrounded by a curtain. Porcelain enclosures are
also made to be set into the construction like a niche. It is
a common fault to have showers too small. If the shower
is introduced at all it should have a large square stall with
water-proof walls and be ample in proportion.

Before descending to the kitchen we will briefly mention
the housemaid’s sink and the waste sink. The former is
intended only for getting water for cleaning and drinking
and is placed near the bedrooms. The functions of a waste
sink can generally be performed by a water-closet, but it
is sometimes an advisable adjunct of a large house. Porce-
lain is the best material for this fixture and the best ones
have a flushing rim and are provided with a flush-tank like
a water-closet. They are generally put in little alcoves or
closets where perhaps brooms and mops are also kept, but
must have light and air and always kept scrupulously clean.

It is rumored that after
paganism was overthrown
the Roman household altar
transmigrated to the modern
porcelain kitchen sink. There
might be a certain sadness
about this were it not that
it inspires, perchance, the op-
portunity of more sanctity in
the care of this household
utility than it was wont to |
receive. What with banging
of pots and kettles and
greasy aspersions the poor
old sink of some years ago
had a hard lot in life. But
of all its competitors the
porcelain pottery sink with a
raised back is most worthy
to appease the lares and
penates of modern life.
Enameled iron is apt to
yield sooner to hard usage
and when the enamel begins
to scale the sanitary value of
a fixture is _ destroyed.
Cheaper sinks are made of
galvanized, painted or plain
iron, but are inferior. Soap-
stone absorbs grease and
becomes black. Of necessity,
depending upon either the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The small square tub

A well arranged shower

255

kitchen space or the extent of its use, sinks
vary in size. In connection with sinks,
plumbing houses provide ash drain-boards
nicely fitted with brass connections and
hinged to fold against the wall, but in small
houses the drain-boards will generally be
made by the carpenter.

Serving-pantries contain sinks for wash-
ing the table service. These are generally
made of tin and planished copper, of which
the yielding surface reduces the hazards to
china. They have oval or flat bottoms;
the latter are better, and expensive sinks
have two compartments, one for flushing
and one for rinsing. They are sometimes
set in marble slabs, but wood is safer and marble or tile may
be used in the splash-backs. Very fine sinks are made of
German silver or white metal with even the drain-boards
and splash-backs of the same material.

Many housewives remember the day when the round,
wooden tub played the principle wash-day role in even com-
fortable homes. It was a picturesque receptacle. Simple
Simon might well figure over it in his fruitless quest, and
to-day it is generally associated with scenes of rusticity or
frugality. Modern plumbed tubs are made of porcelain-
lined pottery and iron or of cement, soapstone and slate.
The last three pipes are very serviceable but much inferior
to the glazed white ones, for they have joints or are absor-
bent and become odorous and are dark in color. The
rolled-rim pottery sinks are best; they are set on a metal
framework supported by bronzed iron or porcelain legs.
No plain iron should be in the laundry, for it exposes the
clothes to rust stains. Wooden rims are sometimes set on
sinks, but it is better to avoid them and have adjustable
wringer-boards. In small houses it is common to install two
sinks, but three generally serve better and sometimes four
are employed. It is not good practice to cover sinks and use
them for tables; they should be left open to the air. Wash-
ing operations in a kitchen
may conflict with cooking
processes, creating confusion
and unpleasant odors and
clouds of steam; hence it is
better to have an ample light’
in some part of the basement
where the tubs can be placed.
In a large house there may
be a special laundry on the
main floor.

Connected with the fit-
tings of fixtures there is
much detail of which the
writer can here only suggest.
These fittings and fixtures
are ordinarily of brass, but
in finest work may be phos-
phor bronze, steam metal or
gun metal. Brass is usually
plated with nickel or silver,
but unless it is well done will
soon wear off. Silver metal
or white metal is a new alloy
that can be handsomely
polished and cannot lose its
finish. Faucets, though vary-
ing much in detail, are in
mechanical principle divided
into ground-key and com-
pression types, of which the
latter is longer lived, is

MER

See ee ence ies a care asap ciate deck Sean numaiere isc es)

Some houses are fortunate in the amount of space they can give to
the well-appointed bathroom

easier to repair and will not shock the plumbing by too
rapidly stopping the stream—a condition known as water
hammer. The combination faucets that deliver both cold
and hot water from one spout are most convenient and the
nozzle of the bathtub faucet may be ribbed to hold a rubber
spray-tube. A fixture depends much for its sanitary quality
on the character of its waste and overflow, of which the
commonest arrangement consists of a rubber or brass
stopper on a chain for a waste plug and a conduit running
from the top of the fixture and behind it down to the
regular waste pipe, for the overflow, objects to these ar-
rangements as being unclean. The chain with its folded
links presents an admirable harbor for dirt. Its total sur-
face is rather large, in the average basin about fourteen
square inches, it is difficult to clean and is nearly always in a
filthy condition. Besides, it is in the way and if it breaks
one must sometimes plunge the hands in murky water.
Again, the concealed overflow pipe being seldom flushed
and difficult to clean accumulates spatterings of soap and
dirt which establish an unsanitary condition attended with
unpleasant odors. ‘To correct these conditions he recom-
mends the use of the standpipe overflow and combined waste
plug as the best device with which he is acquainted. Briefly,
this consists of a polished tube whose bottom rim forms
the stop-plug and by extending to the top of the fixture and
being copped with a grating it forms an overflow, thus
doing away with the aperture at the top of the fixture and
the objectionable pipe. The standpipe is straight and being
removable is easily cleaned by the housekeeper. In order
that it shall not be an obstruction, fixtures designed for its
use have a little niche to receive it and large enough to clean
behind it. There are numerous ingenious devices for waste-
valves operated by cocks on top of the fixture near the fau-
cets, but generally their concealed parts are open to spatter-
ings from the waste and are inaccessible for cleaning. Some
have the stopper so far down in the waste pipe that suds and
dirt arise from it when clean water is turned into the
fixture.

The construction adjacent to fixtures plays, of course,
an important part in sanitation. Ideal conditions are ap-
proached by smooth, polished, light-colored surfaces that
are unabsorbent and easily washed by rounded corners and
edges and by tight joints. The best floors are made of white
vitrified, unglazed tiles and the wainscots of glazed white
tiles. Other floor materials are marble terrazzo and ce-
ment, all of which require a concrete base.

Interlocked rubber tiling sometimes makes a good floor
and a good, cheaper floor is made of narrow strips of close-
grained hardwood carefully laid and soaked with hot linseed
oil. Flagstones may be used in a large laundry. Besides
tile already mentioned, wainscots may be of glazed brick
and cheaper ones of polished cement or rock-finish plaster,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

July, 1912

the latter sometimes painted, and enamel paint may be ap-
plied to the walls and ceilings above wainscots, especially in
a laundry where steam arises. Bathroom walls are some-
times covered with sanitary, washable wall-papers. It is
not uncommon, especially in kitchens, to put hard materials
immediately next to the fixtures and leave the rest of a room
in cheaper construction. In bathrooms having wooden
floors the water-closet is sometimes set on a slate or marble
slab.

A cove at the junction of the walls and ceiling is good and
tile corners, bases and wainscot caps are rounded. All wood
trim should be free from moulding and have rounded edges.
Boxing up fixtures is obsolete. They should be left open to
air and light. It is not good practice to put storage closets
under a sink.

The hot water supply is a special problem. The com-
mon method has been to heat the water by means of a
water-back in the kitchen range and store it in a tank errone-
ously called a boiler. Where gas has supplemented the
kitchen range the boiler is connected to the furnace and in
large houses where there is a steady demand for hot water
in Summer it sometimes has a special coal heater, or if the
demand is not steady a gas heater is more economical. For
tanks containing not more than eighty gallons a round water
heater will sufice, but larger tanks will warrant an inde-
pendent automatic gas heater. By opening any faucet a
pilot light will set it in operation and hot water flows almost
immediately. Little instantaneous gas heaters can some-
times be used to advantage in bathrooms. ‘They are not
connected with the hot water pipes and serve only local
purposes. Storage tanks or boilers are made of copper or
of wrought iron, which is stronger and will stand more pres-
sure. It would be wise to learn from your plumber the
conditions that sometimes lead to the explosion or collapse
of boilers.

The piping is from a sanitary point of view, the most
important phase of all house plumbing. A pure water supply
is one of the chiefest concerns of sanitation, but as it has
little to do with the observation that where water is silty
or full of matter a good filter can be installed in the base-
ment and periodically the pipes can be cleaned by pumping
through them a solution of lye and warm water. Concern-
ing drainage, however, much more must be said. We have
already mentioned the sewer gas which arises in the drain
pipes. It is the product of decomposing sediments which
gradually coat the insides of pipes used for conveying waste
matters. Scientists are coming to the opinion that sewer

gas does not convey zymotic diseases such as typhoid, but
as impure air has a weakening effect on the health of those
who breath it and lessens the power of resistance to disease,
it becomes the object of sanitary plumbing to exclude gases

July, 1912

from the house and keep the drains as
free as possible from the deposits that
generate them. ‘The all important trap
achieves the first object and proper
flushing and intelligent laying of the
pipes the second.

A trap is a device placed close to
every fixture and the barrier by which
it prevents the passage of air between
the drain and the house is created by
water held in a chamber so arranged
that it will remain full even after the
discharge of the fixtures through it.
Traps are beset by certain dangers which
tend to destroy this seal. An abnormal
pressure in the soil or waste pipe may
force it by back pressure. Sudden rapid
discharges through the soil create a suc-
tion behind them that may draw out
the contents of a trap—an effect known
as siphonage. Evaporation and capillary action also act
on the seal. To equalize the air pressure on both sides of
the trap and thus eliminate the conditions that lead to
siphonage and back pressure, air is introduced to the trap
at its discharging end by a back vent pipe leading to out-
doors. New dangers arise for this complication, if not
handled by skilled plumbers, sometimes exposes a by-pass, a
misarrangement of pipes that permits a direct entrance of
gas into the room. Back vents accelerate evaporation and
sometimes become clogged by ejections from the trap so
as to become entirely useless; they also increase the cost of
the work about ten per cent. These conditions have brought
about the invention of non-siphonable traps, which are de-
signed to be used without back venting. Many eminent
experts advocate this simple method, but city laws do not
yet recognize an absolutely safe non-siphoning trap and
back vents are generally prescribed. Traps are designed
to be self-cleaning, but they should be exposed to view
where possible and accessible for special cleaning.

Vigorous flushing is the watchword of good plumbing. It
means ample precipitate discharges that will fill and scour
the pipes and carry everything before them. Slow, dribbly
discharges, only partially filling the pipes, leave the filth
to be smeared and deposited in the waste channels. A
common error is to have waste outlets too small and drain
pipes too large in proportion, as even if
there is plenty of water it is not admitted
fast enough to the pipe. The waste out-
let should be equal in area to the section
of the pipe. Fixtures with flushing tanks,
like water-closets, generally have ample
discharges; so have bathtubs if their
wastes are large enough, but kitchen
sinks suffer from defective flushing.
They receive many small dribblings
often of thick, dirty fluids containing
grease, which is a special enemy of the
pipes and traps, for it adheres and pro-
duces an odious putrefaction. To rem-
edy this defect sinks are sometimes ar-
ranged with reservoirs or flush-pots that
will contain about six gallons and when
they have become full the plug is lifted
and the contents are ejected with vigor.
All fixtures should be as close as possi-
ble to the soil so as to avoid long hori-
zontal runs of pipes, which retards
speed, and good workmanship must
guard against sags in horizontal pipes
and assure careful joints with no pro-

AMERICAN HOMES: AND GARDENS

A tiled bathroom

A sanitary bedroom lavatory

257

jections to form recurring obstructions.
Concentration of fixtures should be
practiced for both economy and sanita-
tion. They should be grouped so as to
avoid the multiplication of soil pipes.
In a small house especially this is im-
portant, and by placing the bath over the
kitchen and the laundry under the
kitchen but one soil is needed. ‘The less
plumbing essential in a house the better;
avoid fixtures not absolutely needed and
keep none in sleeping-rooms. Use no
floor drains where a mop can serve.
The maintenance of plumbing re-
quires intelligent care and its status is
often a fair index to the thrift and en-
lightenment of the family. If it is not
understood or is neglected there will re-
sult an undue deterioration of the prop-
erty, avoidable repair bills and the es-
tablishment of unsanitary conditions. With regard to the
cleaning of fixtures many housekeepers do not know that
glazed surfaces are injured by many of the acid or gritty
cleaning compounds, powders and scouring soaps, as for
instance Sapolio, which makes very fine scratches that in
time become dark with the filigree they gather. Muriatic
acid attacks porcelain and enamel, so it is dangerous to
employ dilutions of that chemical. A very fine powder,
manufactured, is said to be a safe cleanser for porcelain
and tile work and has also been well spoken of as a material
for cleaning tile walls. Naphtha washing soap and hot
water is also advised for fixtures and stains may yield to
oxalic acid. Kerosene oil is sometimes helpful for cleaning
glazed surfaces, and with warm water may help to cut the
grease of the kitchen sink. The copper pantry sink may be
treated with rottenstone and oil or with oxalic acid. The
water-closet should be frequently scrubbed with a scrubbing
brush and hot water and soap. The seats should be washed
and, unless of the white celluloid type, should be periodi-
cally oiled or rubbed with furniture polish. Varnish and
shellac should not be used, for they are cut by soap. The
flush cisterns of the water--closet should be occasionally
cleaned, for deposits of silt or grit may cause leaky valves.
Branch waste pipes should be periodically treated to a solu-
tion of hot water and lye or caustic potash. Washing
soda, though not so strong, may be used.
The solution may be poured in at night
and washed out in the morning. Once
in awhile use a disinfecting solution. A
plumber should be occasionally em-
ployed to disinfect the soil pipe by means
of formaldehyde, gas, or other disin-
fectant applied with a smoke-testing
machine, and the pipes can then be ex-
amined for tightness. Also traps,
nickel, brass and copper fittings tarnish
rapidly in damp climates and require
careful rubbing with a woolen cloth and
may be polished with dry flour or whit-
ing mixed into a paste with soap foam.
Too much rubbing is apt to wear away
plating, especially if polishing powders
are used. Nickel may be cleaned with
whiting powder and alcohol or with
silicon and vinegar, finishing with a
chamois skin. Copper may be treated
with diluted oxalic acid and common
salt, using after the acid whiting to pre-
vent tarnishing and wiping the metal
(Continued on page 264)

258 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

THE LIVING-ROOM
By Harry Martin Yeomans

F recent years the living-room has been grow-

ing in favor, and it is a good omen of the
sensible trend and interest which has been
taken in home building and things artistic
during the past ten or fifteen years, that
this serviceable room has been fostered by
architects until it has grown to be the principal one in
almost every house, and very few floor plans now appear
without it. Pretentious houses have the regulation drawing-
room and reception-room, but they include a large living-
room as well. It is in the smaller houses, however, that
the social and economic side of the living-room is most
manifest, and the space which was once devoted to a formal
parlor, an upholstered den and a stuffy sitting-room, has
now been incorporated in a large living room, which fulfills
all the functions of the three former, and corresponds, in
a general way, to the social hall of the olden times in Eng-
land. This room also lends itself more readily to dec-
orative treatment on account of its larger proportions and
more ample wallspaces, and there is rejoicing at house-
cleaning time, when only one room has to be cleaned in-
stead of several small ones. In small houses which have
the conventional rooms on the ground floor, the members
of the family seem to gravitate naturally towards one social
center and neglect the other rooms, which are only waste
space as far as their being used to any extent is concerned.

When a living-room is to be furnished, one is apt to be
influenced by the idea that, in order to give it an informal
appearance and keep it from becoming monotonous, a non-
descript collection of furniture of various styles must be
brought together and the walls lined with pictures regard-
less of their merit. This room can be treated in a more or
less formal way, and at the
same time be perfectly fitted
to its uses and embody all
of the home atmosphere,
which is indispensable in a
living-room.

If the living-room is to be
decorated in a period style,
the models and motifs which
went to make up the princi-
pal characteristics of that
style must be adhered to and
followed. But one can also
take the furnishings of al-
most any of the great
periods of decorative art,
and by creating a suitable
background for it, you will

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration. —
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

A living-room for Summer occupation

July, 1912

Stamps

be able to adapt this furniture to the needs of a room in
a small house.

Some people possess the faculty of assembling artistic
furniture, pictures and objects of different styles and
periods, and seem to have an inborn feeling for just the
right things which will combine in a harmonious whole.
Persons endowed with this natural power of selection feel
instinctively that certain objects will combine well when
placed in juxtaposition.

This idea has been visualized in the charming living-room
and sitting-room shown in the accompanying illustrations,
one of them having been treated in an informal and the
other in a formal manner. Both rooms are full of good
ideas and suggestions for the living-room of the Summer
house, from a decorative and architectural point of view,
and have an atmosphere of calm repose.

The woodwork in the informal living-room is structural-
ly good and culminates in the architectural treatment of the
mantelpiece; the pilasters flanking the fireplace and fram-
ing the wooden panel above, having the effect of supporting
the ceiling. This is good constructive decoration. The
wooden panel over the mantelshelf, showing the grain of
the wood, decorates this space effectively. “The wood trim
was not partly covered by draperies and pictures but was
allowed its full value in the decorative scheme. The small
panes of glass in the windows are more decorative than if
the large sheets of glass had been used.

A two-toned gray paper, having a small repeat, covered
the walls and made a quiet and unobtrusive background for
the varied collection of furniture which was to be placed in
this room. Some willow pieces, a mahogany Empire sofa,
an old tapestry and a Chinese teakwood stand, are only a
few of the things which were placed side by side, but one
has only to refer to the illustrations to see the happy result
that was obtained for features that reflect simplicity of style.

There was no overcrowd-
ing, the furniture being ar-
ranged around the sides of
the room, leaving the center
tree, which gave the desired
‘sense of spaciousness to this
Summer living-room.

Everything in the room
was both useful and beauti-
ful. Ornaments that do not
ornament were entirely lack-
ing. The two pictures are
large enough to be seen from
the center of the room and
are hung on a line with the
eye.

The placing of the objects
in the corner of the room by

July, t912

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS

This is an excellent example of a living-room that is

the triple window is especially happy. The willow chair,
the nest of mahogany tables, the brass jardiniere with its
green plant, placed against the golden background formed
by the Japanese screen, is a charming picture and would
gladden the eye of a still-life painter.

In the beautiful reception room a more formal arrange-
ment has been adhered to in the disposition of its furnish-
ings, and a small collection of Japanese and Chinese porce-
lains, kakemonos, bronzes, screens and a console table, has
been combined with some Louis XV. chairs and painted fur-
niture in such a subtle manner that the room does not pre-
sent the appearance of a museum.

The walls were covered with a natural colored Japanese
grasscloth and made a fitting background for the Oriental
objects which were to be placed directly against it. The
interest at one end of the room centered around a two-fold
Chinese screen framed and hung as a picture over a Renais-

}

5
oi

ay ae “S cara DP eessadae of the Asay s space

sance chest. This room is a pleasing example of the satis-
factory results that can be obtained with Chinese and Jap-
anese decorative objects, especially at this time, when such
a tremendous interest is being taken in things Chinese.

In a newly completed house there was to be a Colonial
living-room. It was to be kept as simple and elegant as
possible, as all Colonial schemes should be. Instead of
using wall-papers, as had been the case in all of the other
rooms in this house, it was decided to paint the walls an
old-ivory and stipple them so as to impart a dull, flat finish
and remove all traces of the brush marks. The woodwork
was painted the same color. At the windows were white
lawn curtains, having tiny ruffles, sill length, and looped
back. A two-toned brown rug covered the hardwood floor.

This was a new house and all of the furniture was going
to be new—replicas in mahogany of good models designed

eins on page 264)

20 agg gee ere RET Tea Tt RRERP ERR ENE ER EN ETRE RTT

A living-room of eee sort presents an ideal aspect for Summer occupation, delightfully cool, and attractive in its simple elegance

MID-SUMMER IN THE GARDEN
Photographs by T. C. Turner and Others

ca]| UNE and her Roses, yesterday’s glory, may
| have passed, but Mother Nature has not
been forgetful of July’s place in her affec-
tion, and there are lovely things in the gar-
den that belong to this month of mid-Sum-
mer. Sweet Peas, Marigolds and hundreds
of other annuals will be bursting forth in prolific blossom
and the garden-beginner should remember that they must
be kept carefully picked, for if the garden flowers are al-
lowed to bloom without cutting they will soon go to seed
and by the middle of August such a garden will become a
sorry sight. The late-blooming flowers, such as Dahlias,
Cosmos, and Chrysanthemums, should be encouraged to
take on a bushy form by the process of “pinching,” as thus

they will attain the ever to be desired compact growth.
OSES—the hybrid perpetuals—will need cutting back
five or six inches after their June blooming period

One should try to keep sane paths as neat in appearance as this one Several evenings in succession.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Around the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND

GROUNDS :

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor.
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

If a personal

is over. If they are

carefully and patiently attended to,
without lapse of vigilance one may hope to coax forth a
second crop of blossoms before frost.
MONG those flowers which reach their height of
beauty in July, the garden-beginner should expect to
see Achillea, Campanula, Candytuft, Coreopsis, Digitalis,
Evening Primrose, Japanese Iris, Silium Auratum, Phlox,

Vinca and Yucca. The garden-maker should not allow the
soil of his garden beds to become hard and flat and baked.
Flowers, as well as vegetables, need to have the soil from
which they spring constantly cultivated and stirred up. The
provident gardener will look around for those plants which
produce the loveliest flowers and lose no time in marking
them so he may be enabled to secure their seed later when
the pods ripen and thus assure himself of planting stock
for the next season of his own growing. Of course, one
probably will not raise all his own seeds, but there is great
pleasure and satisfaction in being able to say ‘“This lovely
flower has sprung from the seed of another which I myself
planted in my garden.”

S for the vegetable garden, July will find one busy

there. ‘The garden-maker will be sowing seed of tur-
nips, bush beans, beets (early varieties), during the early
part of the month and later he will be sowing spinach seed.
If there is a bit of idle ground which the harvesting of an
early crop has left vacant, peppers, tomatoes, cabbage, and
celery can be transplanted and set out there. The wise
vegetable gardener never lets a square foot of earth lie
unproductive. He harvests his early crops speedily and
puts the idle ground to some good use. Readers of AMERI-
CAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, who may have missed the
article on “Summer Work in the Vegetable Garden,” by
Mr. F. F. Rockwell, in the June, 1912, issue of the magazine
(page 200), should turn to it without delay, as its sugges-
tions will prove of great value to everyone interested in
home garden topics. Finally a word about watering: When
watering your garden remember that one good, thorough
wetting down of the soil will be worth more than half a
dozen sprinklings. Surface wetting may be better than noth-
ing at all, but plants are watered not to remove the dust
from their foliage, but to afford the thirsty, hard-working
roots ample moisture for sustenance.

SLUGS IN THE GARDEN

N amateur gardener has written the editor of this de-

partment to ask for suggestions as to the best way to
rid a garden of slugs, having been bothered by the havoc
these plant pests wrought last season. Now, slugs are fond
of moist places and thrive on moisture, except that which
lime-water supplies. A good plan, then, is to put a lump
of lime twice the size of one’s two fists in a pail of water,
leaving it there four hours. Next strain off the liquid, and
as slugs are nocturnal in habit, water the plants they trouble
Slugs may also be trapped

July, 1912

by placing various tender leaves near the stems of plants in
the gardens infested, and as these will often attract them
from their hiding places, a late night time gathering of this
“bait” will, perhaps, produce a supply of slugs for riddance.
WEEDS IN GRAVEL PATHS
READER asks what can be done to prevent weeds from
growing in gravel paths. There are various prepara-
tions for ridding gravel paths of weeds, but a strong solution
of salt and water used asa hot brine should ee efficacious.

PAINTED FURNITURE
( Continued TRG OS 238)

wy oa an aay comical little woman presenting Hin
with a nosegay occupy one end and a floral design the other.
On the back a representation of the Sacred Heart is flanked
on either side by bunches of flowers. The top of the lid is
divided into panels and decorated with dainty sprays. On
the base is the date 1705 and above it the letters J. V.C. A.,
presumably the initials of the contracting pair. The Bavar-
ian boxes, of thin wood like our butter boxes, used for hold-
ing rice, salt and such things in Bavarian kitchens, are origi-
nals. One is dull green, another blue, a third lavender and
the fourth yellow; the decorations of flowers are done in
distemper. Before the small hanging cabinet assumed its
present Bavarian guise it was nothing but an ugly little bath-
room contrivance for holding medicine bottles. Its black
ground, red decorative bands and basket of flowers certainly
improve its appearance vastly. It would not be proper to
class as furniture the gorgeously painted and gilt figures of
the Madonna and Child, but they are so invariably found
in the houses of the devout Bavarian peasants and add a
note of such glowing color that they deserve mention.

While speaking of the Bavarian work a word of recog-
nition is due Biedermeyer for his labors in the field of furni-
ture painting. He wrought in the early part of the Nine-
teenth Century and his work, which is characterized by
wreaths, festoons, urns, baskets and circlets of roses enclos-
ing silhouettes, gave a strong impetus to his craft. About
this same time the so-called “English Empire” style was
popular in England and America and we have many painted
pieces of it left, some good, some bad. The groundwork
of the chair shown in the picture is a dull yellowish green,
the stripe and acanthus ornaments are gilt and a touch of
black is judiciously added in places. In other examples
fruits and flowers in their natural colors are often elabor-
ately executed.

Last of all we come to a kind of furniture that seems
never to have been dignified by any specific name—yjust or-
dinary farmhouse wooden kitchen chairs and settees. If

There is

no feature of the country house more delightful than a

AMERICAN HOMES

broad terrace-porch from which one may

ON
Lo

AND GARDENS 2

aie German ReneS aber aie is gardens with infinite « care, often
making little models one year of the gardens they hope to have the next

one might be pardoned so undemocratic a term it could be
called American ‘“‘peasant”’ furniture. We find it on every
hand and in all conditions, but most of it made with a grace
of line deserving of careful preservation. Of course, it
must be treated according to its rank in the furniture world,
but there are many places where its use is highly desirable—
places that individual preferences will suggest. All these
chairs and settees were painted and decorated, sometimes
merely with black lines, sometimes with elaborate and gaily
colored fruits, flowers and leaves. On some the rude
designs are still fresh, from others generations of scrub-
bing housewives have obliterated all trace of ornament.
The chairs remain, however, and are just as fit for decora-
tion as the day they were made. ‘The splat-back chair of
the illustration was picked up in deplorable state in a New
Hampshire blacksmith shop. A visit to the carpenter and
the removal of old stain left it in shape for redecoration.
After recaning and several coats of green, the design, some-
what Russian in character, was applied. Conventional
honeysuckles and rosettes fill the splat and on the top piece
an urn of vari-colored flowers is guarded on either side by
a fat little dwarf with a broad white collar and a big white
neckcloth. Three other chairs of fine lines came also from
this New Hampshire village. They are fully a hundred and
fifty years old and coat after coat of yellow paint had ob-
scured the original decoration of fruit and oak leaves, all in
black, until revealed by the scraping process. In redecorat-
ing one can advantageously use for groundwork greens,
grays, certain shades of yellow, dark blues, brilliant reds
and white. What has been said of painted furniture is
enough to show how full of possibilities is that branch of
industrial art. A broader realization of available resources
will go far toward increasing the taste for colored decoration.

look out over the home landscape

aN
SPR)
74] /5OCD

ALLOWANCE VERSUS CREDIT SYSTEM
By Elizabeth Atwood

=q)]| 1 is true ‘that the mind cannot give what it
has not taken in” in some form or another.
The child cannot learn the value of money
if she never handles it, nor can she ever
learn the first principles of economical spend-
ing if she neither has the money to spend
nor the advice upon spending. Neither can a woman learn
how to buy economically, nor how to save if she always
has her bills paid for her and never has any moaey to
handle, so that she may learn how to save. In short, a
woman without an allowance, be she rich or poor, is a
very helpless, careless and, many, many times, a most un-
happy one.

A child’s idea of money is what is seen in return for
certain expenditure. Not until he is four or five miles from
home with his pockets empty of cash does he fully realize
the value of a nickel. Nor are children alone, in this
actual sense of money value. One should establish an allow-
ance plan and adhere to it. I have started several times
to do this, and the children (wise things) were very glad
when their wants were again supplied from the family
fund. ‘Why, we get along so much easier and have more
money to spend,” they said, which was all too true. |

Many parents have had this same trying experience. It
is so hard to say ‘‘no” to your honest, pleading, brown-
eyed boy, in whose hands your pocketbook is as safe as it
is in your own. ‘There are so many lessons to be taught to
a boy or a girl who is to dress and pay for his or her pleas-
ure out of an allowance. Do you not know how hard it is
to keep within a prescribed limit? Well, I do if you do not,
you, mother, who has not suffered in this kind of training
of self and of children.

It is only through trying again, that we get training and
experience. Every child ought to know through handling
of his pennies, that ten cents make one dime and ten dimes
make one dollar. After that the dollar will be cared for
as worthy of consideration. A penny is so small an amount,
and does not count “just this once.’’ Our children are all
very willing to help spend the money which comes into the
family; in fact, they seem to regard it as a right of theirs,
which we ought to consider a privilege. It is a rare occur-
rence when children are interested in the saving of the
family income, even though it is to be for their ultimate
gain.

We only are to blame. Where did we make the mis-
take? How could we have done better? Just by taking
time and giving more thought to the training of the chil-
dren and their spending of money, whether penny or dollar.
If a child has an amount which is his very own, out of
which some portion of his pleasure or comfort must be

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HELPS TO ne

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

July, 1912

e
e

paid, he is bound to value one cent out of his ten more than
one cent out of your pocketbook. In a stipulated sum, the
child’s right should be absolute, as are the consequences.
Out of such an allowance all gifts should be made, teaching
the reward of self-sacrifice in the pleasure of giving.

Only a girl who has no fund of her own, knows the
anguish of being without money, especially if all her com-
panions have allowances. Her nature must be very easy
and cheerful if she can stand this test. There is as much
danger of a girl becoming a sponge as there is of a boy.
If she has no money of her own her friends cannot bear
to have her left out of possible treats or entertainments
and they invite her to join them. ‘This is the entering
wedge of many unpleasant qualities. Her sense of obliga-
tion grows less and less and the one of right, becomes
distorted.

Every girl should beg of her parents to give an allow-
ance system a trial, even though they may not believe in it.
Many parents would do this gladly, would have done it
sooner, only they did not think of it. The girl with an
allowance should be very honest with herself, always keep-
ing within the limit. If mother gives the allowance she
should not work upon the feelings of Daddy if she does
come short, for this will weaken will-power and encourage
dishonesty. Moral fiber is in training and this will help
its growth. Self-reliance is surely helped at the same time.
An allowance wisely directed in its uses develops the girl
wonderfully, though it may only be twenty-five cents a week.

Whether a girl marries or not, this early training in
wisely using an allowance is one of the best studies she can
take up. Asa rule there are few girls given even a smatter-
ing of a business training, and then later on men ridicule
them for this lack. Where were the fathers when these
girls were young? Probably they were paying bills and be-
moaning the extravagance of women in general, their own
in particular. I am not at all sure that these men desire
to have their wives grow business-like. Fathers and hus-
bands alike unite in keeping their women helpless in money
matters. ‘They do not want their women to develop the
business side of their characters.

One writer puts it, that ‘““Masculine kindness to women
is so tangled up with selfishness that there need be no sur-
prise that there is some confusion regarding them.” They
want to give everything, be responsible for everything the
wife buys, for they are really very generous at heart, but
they like to feel the dependence of their women, just as a
mother loves to feel the clinging fingers of her baby learn-
ing to walk.

But how about the effect upon the wife? How about
these women who are compelled to resort to tricks in order
to have money, real money in their hands. It is all very
well to run bills, but it is very pleasurable to pay for things.
In fact, a woman with an allowance of twenty-five dollars a

July, 1912

week has more self-respect than a woman who is privileged
to run a bill of a hundred or more a week. Right there is
the first mark of benefit.

Pampered women are not prepared to help when re-
verses come, however much they wish to do so. They have
become intemperate in their desires, in their dress, just as
much as man ever became intemperate in drink. This
“vice of intemperance” strikes every family sooner or later,
and generally in proportion to one’s income it goes beyond
a rightful limit. Then, for lack of knowledge, the woman
is considered unbusinesslike, and so she is. How could she
be otherwise? Having no idea of the value of money
women are really wasteful, and all for lack of training
and for which they are blamed.

I believe that every woman, whatever her station in life,
should have a fixed sum weekly or monthly, in just propor-
tion to her husband’s income, the expenses of housekeeping
and her clothing. Having agreed upon the amount she
should have absolute control of it, to learn from the wise
or unwise expenditures how to get the most for her money.

You will find most men reasonable, and if you approach
them judiciously they will see the wisdom of a separate al-
lowance. There are so many excellent arguments in favor
of an allowance. ‘The sense of being a partner in the firm
is one, the independence acquired is another, the develop-
ment of responsibility, the real value of commodities, all
these are worth the training to be found in handling an
allowance.

How much does a woman know of the increase in expendi-
tures certain articles hold which are out of season, if, yield-
ing to the tempting appearance she simply orders and her
husband pays the bill? How is she to know whether she
is exceeding the just proportion of money from the whole
income which should be used for the table, if she is never
put to it to judge and discriminate? In fact, how can she
learn what it is to be extravagant, and what it is to be
frugal, if she never handles the money belonging to the
running of the house ?

She should neither be blamed nor criticized for being
unbusinesslike. Just give her an allowance to be rigidly
adhered to, and after a few months she will have learned
some things she had never dreamed of. She will learn
proportions, if, after buying without counting cost, luxu-
ries out of season, for the first two weeks, she finds that
she must live on hash and turnips the last two weeks, or
else go in debt.

She will learn the value of apportionment and she will
find that such knowledge will give her power over her ex-
penditures. One man has put it: “Considering the home as
a business venture, what system has been devised in the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

263

conduct of this wholly one-sided venture? What is the
apportionment for food, for clothing, for pleasure, for
rent, for those fixed charges which every housekeeper must
meet?” This is the business end of it—after having secured
the coveted allowance.

There is a real excitement, a great pleasure in outwitting
your butcher and your grocer; by living just as well as ever,
setting on the table food just as nourishing as before, while
saving from one third to one half on former expenses.
And this is sure to be the result on the allowance system,
if the woman is at all smart. I presuppose her to be smart
or she would drift along the old way.

A woman with an allowance knows just where she stands.
If she wants a fifty-dollar gown ever so much, and there
is only twenty dollars of the clothing apportionment left,
she will quietly wait until she has the money in hand. Under
the credit system she had no way of knowing that she
should not buy the coveted gown, and then she was called
extravagant.

The little leaks which exist in almost every household and
which work so much damage, will certainly be brought to
light under the allowance system. Expenditures curtailed
without diminishing the household comfort ever so little be-
come a most interesting study. No housekeeper, looking back
over her itemized expenditures for a month back, will fail
to discover here and there a purchase that has proved
itself to be not worth while.

But above all, there is so much pleasure in being inde-
pendent of bills. To be able to trade where one chooses
is a comfort. I have found better service in the stores
under cash service, for I was quite likely to go elsewhere
if not treated to the best there was to be had. ‘There is a
kind of slavery in the credit system. ‘Take it all in all,
there is every advantage to both man and wife, when the
wife has a just portion allowed her to carry on the home
business.

einen ED iain aia EOS

THE AMERICAN PAGEANT

(Continued from page 241)
9) OG sees ees see eels | ©) cae ee eee eee OIG

Bp feenfemtelfsenfocmotelfO}

were ransacked and verily the result was a remarkable col-
lection. Even the British and Continental soldiers’ uni-
forms were not lacking. Puritan costumes, gowns of Col-
onial dames, tilting hoops and modern dress were all re-
quired and it was well New England thrift had preserved
these things, for the correct making of such costumes for
several hundred people would have been an almost impos-
sible feat, certainly for so small and out-of-the-way place as
Thetford, whose cluster of villages hoarded so many relics.

A dainty way of serving mushrooms

Peas served in scooped out rolls

264

Among the properties the old-time stagecoach with its
queer, narrow windows, its swinging middle seat and drop
steps was prominent and there were other queerly fashioned
old vehicles and sledges, some laden with the furniture and
utensils of the earliest settlers.

Hard and earnest work as well as study is involved in
the production of a real pageant, and it should not be lightly
undertaken. A master mind must direct, one in which is
combined with executive ability a knowledge and feeling of
what is required of a pageant and what its strong points
should be, also a discriminating judgment in selecting the
subject. But the often splendid results justify all the labor
and time expended, and the undeniably powerful effect, edu-
cational and moral, on the minds of the people is not to be
left out of the reckoning. Great national lessons may be
taught and uplifting schemes forwarded by the pageant that
are quite beyond the reach of other means.

EE a ew ne oth aio cen ccc RS) [GR ot et fee fmol] emote dco
A COLONIAL HOUSE IN NEW JERSEY

(Continued from page 245)
Oe Tee eee ORE a ies carne oles hake ear ee ar OT OTE

Dr. Marvin’s house includes unusually complete service
quarters, for there are two pantries—one placed between
the dining-room and the kitchen and filled with a steel safe
for silver in addition to the devices usually placed in pan-
tries, and just outside the kitchen door there is another
pantry where the refrigerator is placed. ‘The kitchen is
equipped with two ranges, one for coal and another for
gas, and the laundry has the usual built-in tubs. The
kitchen is separated so completely from the rest of the house
that cooking odors cannot possibly penetrate through the
pantry or small hallways with which it is surrounded.

The broad stairway with its paneled wainscot and ma-
hogany rail leads to the second floor, where five family bed-
rooms have been arranged. Between two of these rooms
is placed a bath and another bathroom upon the opposite
side of the house is planned for the other three rooms.
Windows upon two sides of these bedrooms provide cross-
current ventilation, which is necessary for well-designed
sleeping-rooms, and two of the rooms open upon a flat deck
which could very easily be adapted for out-of-door sleeping
purposes. ‘The roof space of the house is so ample that it
has given sufficient space for a large garret, useful for stor-
age, and three bedrooms and a bathroom for the maids,
and the rooms upon this attic floor are ventilated and
lighted by a wide dormer window which also greatly in-
creases their apparent size and height.

This country home, during the months when trees and
flowers are in their Summer or Autumn glory, seems to be
set in a space literally hewn out of the woods which sur-
round it upon three sides. This nearness to nature is also
suggested by the huge stones which are so numerous that
they often appear above the surface of the ground. The
grounds about the house have been arranged in the best of
taste and by planting shrubbery closely around the building
and at angles near the sidewalk the lawn about the house
appears vastly larger than it would were it cut up by numer-
ous walks, flower beds and clumps of foliage, all beautiful
and well enough in themselves. The designing of a coun-
try home should be so done that the beauty which nature
has bestowed upon the spot may be retained and empha-
sized, and the degree in which this is done will be the degree
of success which belongs to the place as a whole. It is
often said that the country about our American cities is
beautiful until it is “ruined by improvement,” in the form
of hideous suburban houses which are designed and built in
utter defiance of every law of judgment or rule of good
taste. While the beauty of a settled suburb cannot be the
same as that of a virgin forest it can be a beauty of sim-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

PE NOSLE

July, 1912

plicity, of careful arrangement and designing, and these
are just the points the observance of which have made this
little ee” home so complete a success.

ep = SES BS ft cx cb fo ctor ef (0 fo ccna fot coonfpconotel aE ONG
THE SANITARY PLUMBING OF HOMES

(Continued from page em
EEE) EE ooo oveo te focal) fo cco faccctfen to ORE ON CAD Olona DIO
dry. Clean brass with oil and rotten stone. Aine a
naphtha reduce its rich color and give it a whiter tone.
Solarine and German putz pommade are also employed.
The strainers, waste-valves and overflows of the tubs, sinks,
and lavatories should be regularly cleaned. A disinfecting
solution may be occasionally employed about the fixtures
such as permanganate of potassium or diluted carbolic acid,
but always follow their use with an abundance of water to
prevent injury to pipes and traps and cleanouts on bath
branch and main lines should be regularly opened and
cleaned.

The sink should be free from grease as much as possible,
putting it rather in the garbage, and the sink strainers should
be firmly fastened in place; if loose there will be a tempta-
tion for careless servants to lift it and sweep crumbs and
scraps into the pipe. A corner strainer should be employed
in the sink.

One of the elemental axioms of plumbing is that light and
air are absolutely indispensable about fixtures. Law de-
mands this but intelligence and decency will naturally desire
it. A fixture in some dark corner with all its suggestion of
hidden dirt and clamminess should be repugnant to every-
one.

It is an old lesson, but one often disastrously forgotten,
that in a freezing climate no pipes should be run in exterior
walls or exposed places and when they leave the basement
in a chase its bottom should be sealed with some material
like plaster of paris to prevent the passage of cold currents
of air. On very cold nights the water can be shut off in
the basement and the pipes drained. The method of letting
a small stream flow in a fixture, besides being wasteful, does
not always prevent pecoeal

THE LIVING ; ROOM
Nella Gi page ea

ena by the cabinet- lakers of the late Georgian vere
The furniture was not purchased until the room was ready
to receive it and then only a few necessary pieces were
acquired, as it was deemed best to obtain the furniture by
degrees to avoid overcrowding. By the fireside was placed
a winged chair, upholstered in cretonne to give a note of
gaiety, and in addition a slant-top desk, a long table, some
Chippendale chairs and settee, and two small tables.

No central chandelier was used, the illumination being
from brass electric sidelights, having dangling prisms and
glass shades, and two electric lamps made from yellow matt
glaze pottery vases, having yellow China silk shades.

The usual small decorative objects and pictures were
conspicuous by their absence. There was only one picture
in the room—a large photographic brown-print of a portrait
after an original by Van Dyke—which was hung low over
the mantel, and a pair of blue Hawthorne temple jars were
placed at either end. The brass fittings for the fireplace,
the leather desk set, the mahogany bookstacks, and the
lamps were both ornamental and useful, and took the place
of accessories that were purely decorative.

The brown, yellow and old-ivory color scheme made a
beautiful setting for the mahogany furniture, and the painted
walls suggested a paneled room, although not nearly as
costly.

July, 1912

REFRESHING DESSERTS AND
COOLING DRINKS

By MARGARET SEXTON

N a hot Summer’s night what could
be more refreshing than a delicious
sherbet. It cools one off for hours—it is
not only palatable but is beneficial as well.
There are such a tremendous variety of
these tempting ices one could fill columns
with recipes for them. The following are
a particularly choice selection of excellent
rules for the concocting of those which are
most likely to please and be favorites after
once testing their virtues:
RED RASPBERRY SHERBET
Now is the time to make red raspberry
sherbet. The delicate flavor of the berry
is very delicious used in an ice. The
foundation of most ices is lemon and often
orange is used with good effect. When
preparing the liquid for freezing make a
quart of good strong lemonade. Put a
quart of red raspberries on the fire in a
granite pan with a cup of sugar. Allow
them to come up toa scald. This starts the
juice nicely. Strain the berries through a
jelly bag. When all the juice has been
taken from the berries, add it to the
lemonade. Whip up very lightly the whites
of two eggs, add this to the lemonade as
well. The cup of sugar may not prove
sufficient, add more if necessary and see
that it is thoroughly dissolved before put-
ting into the freezer. All housekeepers who
are accustomed to freezing ice cream or
ices know the process of freezing. An ice
or sherbet freezes because of its compo-
nent parts being water far more rapidly
than ice cream.
LEMON ICE
Lemon ice is always a favorite and it
surely is delicious particularly if good and
strong and frozen hard and smooth. To
a quart of water use four lemons and the
juice of one orange. The sweetening is a
matter of taste. Always in an ice it is well
to remember, however, that freezing takes
away from the sweetness of any frozen
dessert. Grate the orange and lemon peel.
Put it in a fine sieve. Pour the water
which is to be used over the grated peel
several times. This gives a very good
flavor without leaving the peel in the sher-
bet. Use the beaten whites of one or
two eggs, according to the quantity you
make. A very nice addition to lemon sher-
bet is a wineglass of sherry to a quart of
the mixture. This to be added just before
freezing.
GRAPE FRAPPE
Grape Frappe is not a usual dessert. It
is pretty to look at and those who like the
flavor of grape will enjoy it very much.
Grape Frappe is made of unfermented
grape juice with the addition of a little of
the ever present lemon. Make a pint of
lemonade, sweeten to taste, to this add a
pint of grape juice, the white of one egg
well beaten, freeze, serve in sherbet glasses.
A teaspoonful of whipped cream is a very
nice finishing touch to each glass. Set the
glass in a dish on which grape leaves have
been laid. The combination of color is
good and the grape leaves suggestion of
the fruit used.
PINEAPPLE
Pineapple, that most lucious of fruits
makes an ice unsurpassed by any other
fruit. There is a sharpness in the juice
that gives a little “stingo” to the sherbet
most agreeable. Peel and carefully remove
the eyes from the pineapple, then grate on
a fine grater into an earthern or granite
bowl; to a good-sized pineapple use a cup
and a half of sugar. Allow this to stand
on the pineapple for half an hour before

AMERICAN

One proves that you need
door checks; the other
proves that the Yale is best

HOMES AND GARDENS 1x

The Yale Door Check
—a New Yale Product

HIS new model com-
bines the principles of the
original “Blount” DoorCheck

with many improvements
based cn our experience as
the oldest and largest makers
of door checks in the world.

The Yale Door Check is thus not only the latest
door-closing device, but also in every way the best.
The reasons are explained in our new folder, sent
on request. We also continue to make the original
Blount Door Check.

The door check long ago became a necessity in
business buildings. It is now recognized asanecessity
in the home.

Many doors in the home are required to be con-
stantly closed. A door check is the only medium
that can be employed to keep them closed. They
are reliable and do not forget.

Your dealer has every necessary size for your office,
home or factory, and will put them on for you.

The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

Makers of YALE Products

Local Offices
Cuicaco: 74 East Randolph Street
Sawn FRANCISCO: 134 Rialto Building

General Offices:
Exhibit Rooms:

9 Murray Street, New York
251 Fifth Avenue, New York

Canadian Yale &* Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

Study

Architecture

EASY LESSONS
OR, STEPPING STONE TO

ARCHITECTURE

Les7 BONES IM IP CVE IIe

SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a
series of plain and simple answers to
questions all about the various orders as
well as the general principles of construction.
The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy

cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav-
ings, amongst which are illustrations of various

historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size,
and is attractively bound in cloth.

————— ee
PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID

Monn & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, New York
t

Van Dorn
Iron Works Co.

PRISON, HOUSE
& STABLE WORK

OIST HANGERS
WN FURNITURE
FENCING, ETC.

CLEVELAND, OHIO

, BACs ead

The Schilling Press

Job PRINTERS _Fine
Book Art
and cen Press
Catalog Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E. 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1912

G GOODS

FIFTY-SEVEN YEARS OF QUALITY

HE LARGE crowds around the Wolff booth
at the First Hosehold Show held in Chicago,
which just came to a successful close, re-

vealed to us the increasing demand for modern
sanitary plumbing goods.

Our aim was to show a line of fixtures that
would be a credit to any home and within the
reach of any purse.

You—who have not had the opportunity of
seeing this exhibit, can secure an illustrated book-
let, showing bath rooms from the modest three-
piece fixtures to the most elaborate.

A postal will bring it.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The only complete line made by any one firm
GENERAL OFFICES
601-627 West Lake Street, Chicago

Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn St., Chicago
Denver, Colo. St. Louis, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio

Trenton, N. J. Minneapolis, Minn. S i
OmehaiNes! Kanses\Gig on BIeCuNE oe
Dallas, Texas Cleveland, Ohio Washington, D.C.

a erp cence

DON’T COOK THE COOK

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

t °‘It makes the house a home’’

i Send stamp today for ‘‘Economy Way”’

Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Economy * Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not-Poisonous

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

BOOKS

WE HAVE JUST ISSUED A

NEW CATALOGUE of scientific
and technical books, which contains the titles
and descriptions of 3500 of the latest and
best books covering the various branches of
the useful arts and industries.

OUR “BOOK DEPARTMENT ”

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! |) (j..CAN,SORPLY thes books cr any

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your and forward them by mail or express pre-
windows securely fastened with : : :

a paid to any address in the world on receipt
The Ives Window of the regular advertised price.
Ventilating Lock SEND US YOUR NAME AND
assuring you of fresh air and pro- 5 ADDRESS, AND. A COPY OF
tection against intrusion. Safe this catalogue will be mailed to you, free of

and strong, inexpensive and easily charge.

applied. Ask your dealer for them
MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE

THE H. B. IVES Co. 361 Broadway New York City

So.te Manuracturers occ NEW HAVEN, CONN.

83-pgage Catalogue Havdware Spectalties, Free.

using it. Make a pint of strong lemonade,
use half a large juicy orange, then mix the
lemonade and pineapple together with the
white of an egg beaten up stiff. When
thoroughly mixed together strain and just
before freezing add a wine glass of sherry.
No ice is more refreshing and delicious.
ORANGE SHERBET

Orange Sherbet is likely to be rather in-
sipid if not properly made, but if it is suf-
ficiently strong when mixed it will equal
any sherbet. Grate the peel from four
good-sized oranges and two lemons. Put
this in a fine sieve—pour over it several
times one quart of water. At the last put
the juice in the water from both oranges
and lemons and sweeten to taste. The oil
from the peel of both lemons and oranges
gives a very agreeable flavor. To a quart
of the mixture add the white of one beaten
egg.

COOLING DRINKS FOR THE THIRSTY

Tea punch sounds perhaps not very at-
tractive, but when concocted in the follow-
ing way is “a drink for the gods.” The in-
gredients are: one quart of strong tea
made from green tea, three quarters of a
pound of sugar, the juice of five lemons
and a half a pint of Jamaica rum. Squeeze
the lemons and mix the juice with the sugar.
Put the lemon skins in a bowl and pour the
freshly drawn tea over them. Allow the
tea to remain on the lemon skins until it is
cold, then strain it from the skins and add
the lemon juice, sugar and rum. Serve in
tall ale glasses, fill the glass two thirds full
with finely cracked ice; if you find that you
have made the tea too strong, dilute it with
a little water, then it would be well to add
a small quantity of rum. This is the cup
that cools, cheers and if too much is not
consumed will not inebriate.

There is iced tea and iced tea. It is not a
drink to be carelessly put together, as most
people think. It can be far from agreeable,
or is most refreshing and delicious if
properly made. A pot of good strong tea
should be brewed in the morning and
poured off into a pitcher and the pitcher set
on the ice where the tea will become thor-
oughly cool. Squeeze the juice from three
or four lemons and sweeten it preparatory
to blending the tea and lemon juice at night.
Before serving dilute the tea not quite so
weak as is palatable as it will be weakened
by the ice with which the glasses should be
half filled, the ice cracked of course in small
pieces. Have lemons sliced thin and with
each glass serve two slices for appearance
sake as well as for the flavor given by the
rind. A very nice tasty addition is a small
quantity of rum or a half dozen whole
cloves allowed to soak in the tea all day.
The cloves add a spicy flavor that is very
pleasant. Tall thin glasses such as are used
at soda water fountains are particularly de-
sirable to use for iced tea.

Orange juice prepared as follows as a
drink, is particularly good in the morning
before breakfast, or for invalids; not only
is it refreshing but it is nourishing as well.
Squeeze the juice of a large orange into a
glass in which there is cracked ice, beat up
an egg both white and yolk and when light
mix thoroughly with the orange juice. As
a last touch before serving put a small
quantity of vichy or soda in just to liven
up the drink a bit, but not enough to
dilute it.

A most agreeable combination for a drink

is strong lemonade ice cold and ginger ale.

To a quart of lemonade in which five
lemons and one orange has been used, add a
bottle of ginger ale. With bits of tinkling
ice through it and a sprig of mint on the
top one could not wish for a more tempting
drink.

July, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ns

SPURIOUS ANTIQUES IN THE EAST
ONSUL GENERAL George E. And-

erson, Hongkong, has the following in-
teresting article in a recent number of the
U.S. Daily Consular and Trade Reports:

“The attention of tourists traveling in
this portion of the world should be called
to the fact that spurious goods of all sorts
are upon the market of the Far East for
sale to them. Not only are there spurious
“antiques” of all sorts, such as chemically
treated “old” brass, modern make “‘antique’”’
porcelains, so-called “ancient” wall hang-
ings, and works of art of all sorts, but there
are some especially clever base imitations
of standard modern goods.

“The imitation of antiques in this portion
of the world has taken on all the forms
to be found in Europe and elsewhere and
has some features peculiar to the East, but
the chief imitations of this class have had
to do with Chinese porcelains and brass,
ancient Chinese and Japanese armor and
weapons, old Korean chests, old carved
furniture, and similar goods, and in lesser
degree of some of the various works of
art in fine bronze, ivory, lacquer, and the
like, in much of which in fact good imita-
tions are not practicable.

“The imitation of old Chinese porcelains,
as has long been known to connoisseurs,
has long since become a branch of business
so extensive and so successful that the sale
of a genuine old piece nowadays is an event.
While this is generally understood by col-
lectors, the general public does not seem
to appreciate the fact, for seven large new
shops handling such goods were opened last
year upon the principal shopping thorough-
fare of Hongkong within the three months
preceding the opening of what is generally
considered the tourist season in this port.
The trade in these imitation ancient porce-
lains has developed so far that there are
regular auction sales in Hongkong of this
imitation ware. To local people these goods
are sold as imitations, but a considerable
portion of them eventually find their way
into the hands of people without knowledge
of the actual facts and spurious “ancient”
Chinese vases and other porcelains made
in Europe and Japan have been scattered
all over the world.

“Similar imitations of ancient brasses
and bronzes, ivories, lacquers, and other
art objects are made and sold in these or
similar sales; in fact, there is almost no
limit to the business. Genuine old pieces
in brass, bronze, porcelain, jade, or in hang-
ings or other embroideries or in similar
goods beloved of collectors are practically
not to be had on the market in Hongkong
or other eastern ports except in very limited
quantities, and to some extent, at least,
there is better opportunity to acquire good
Chinese and Japanese pieces in New York
or London than in Hongkong or Shanghai.
In spite of this fact, generally known to
collectors and more or less known to the
casual traveler, dealers here do a thriving
and a very profitable business.

“Perhaps the worst feature of the situa-
tion is the fact that while there is a fair
supply of good, standard quality modern
art goods of all these classes the vast mass
of such goods now sold are imitation goods
of a quality false in some respect; and
while the average tourist buyer may be on
the lookout for imitation antiques he may
be readily deceived by the “bronzes” of
baser and cheaper metals, “silver” of pew-
ter, particularly souvenir spoons and the
like, clay “filled” silk, brass in all shapes
and grades made in imitation of old pieces;
in short, practically everything of any merit
in Chinese or Japanese art, ancient or mod-
ern, which may be looked for.

Sewage
Disposal
FOR COUNTRY HOMES

Without Sewers

Install 3 a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
water, Paddock Water Filters are placed at the

THER \
HLEY
STEM

SEWAGE
4 IY ,

inlet and

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY |

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

We also provide Sewage Disposal for Institutions,
Schools, etc.

Ashley House-Sewage Disposal Co.
115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, Ill.

The Rife System Beats Running Water

With a Rife Ram and a Rife Pneumatic Tank you can make the
water of any stream, pond or spring within a mile of your home supply
all the running water you can use—day and night, winter and summer,
without attention and wi hout expense.

The ram will maintain an air and water level in the tank, will insure
a good pressure always, and do both automatically. Rife Rams raise
water 25 feet for each foot of fall.

Descriptive Catalog FREE.
Write for this catalog and learn all about the Rife automatic pneumatic system.

RIFE ENGINE CO. 2633 Trinity Building, New York

- RAMS

- Pump water

automatically

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

We will send you FREE our book “The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture” and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax

(This text book of thirty-two pages is very attractive— it contains eighty illustrations, forty-four
of which are in color)

You will find this book particularly useful if you are comtemplating
building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want to
secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense. This
book is full of valuable information fr everyone who is interested in
their home. Mail coupon for it to-day.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of Johnson’s
Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

cheap, painty effect.

Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the word—it pene-
trates deeply into the wood bringing out its natural beauty without rais-
ing the grain. It is made in fifteen beautifiul shades, as follows :

should not be confused with the ordinary water stains which raise the
grain of the wood—or oil stains that do not sink beneath the surface of
the wood or bring out the beauty of its grain—or varnish stains, which
really are not stains at all but merely surface coatings which produce a

No. 126 Light Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green
No. 123 Dark Oak No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green
No. 125 Mission Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 140 Early English No. 131 Brown Weathered No. 178 Brown Flemish
No. 110 Bog Oak No. 132 Green Weathered No. 120 Fumed Oak

HALF GALLONS $1.60

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

a complete finish and polish for all wood-floors, woodwork and furniture—including pianos. Just the thing
for Mission furniture. Johnson’s Prepared Wax should be applied with a cloth and rubbed to a polish with
a dry cloth. It imparts a velvety protecting finish of great beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes,
Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for sale by all leading
drug and paint dealers. If your dealer hasn’t them in a

stock he can easily procure them through his jobber. Le
2
Fill out the attached coupon for re PI
booklet and free samples. ” ease
mo Use This

eo” FREE
S.C. Johnson & Son 0% FREECoupon

A
. ° os ° of F re
Racine, Wis. : men oh hr CoBOoK

2 Ses 3
ler Edition(A.H.7) and
two sample bottles ofJohn-

.
The oe son’s Wood Dye. Send me

Wood eid TSHAUES NOSi cc oc ca caiidciciee e

Finishing eo” «and one sample can of Johnson’s ¢

Authori- ae Prepared Wax. ¢

” c

ties ry hE Be onetecemobocnodeascouseeencs é

< 3

od NUT Hoan susanodsannandcooddss saasgoo5 2

4 e

eM ae) le Cee é

2” ©

MEM ic lefatelolaralsiavalelale's eleioteia c(vilclaierstarcletvicielo:sic/e. einiaceecie é

OOOH Orr Orr Ser Gr QurQu SuPer

refrigerator. Every housewife and home owner should have one.

It also describes the wonderful advantages of the “MONROE.” The one refrigerator
with each food compartment made of a solid piece of unbreakable snow-white porcelain
ware—every corner rounded like above cut. The one refrigerator accepted in the best
homes and leading hospitals because it can be made germlessly clean by simply wiping

bills, food waste and repairs. The “MONROE” is sold at factory prices on 30 days’ trial.

We pay the freight and guarantee “full satisfaction or money back.” LIBERAL CREDIT
TERMS IF DESIRED. MONROE REFRIGERATOR COMPANY, Station 29, Lockland, O,

Etna Life Insurance Co. (prawer 1341) Hartford, Conn.

§ am under 65 years of age and in good health. Tell me about AETNA Ten Dollar Combination.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

It does away with cracks, joints, crevices, corners and
other natural hiding places for dirt, odors, decaying food
and dangerous microbes found in other refrigerators.

SEND FOR OUR VALUABLE FREE BOOK ON
HOME REFRIGERATION. It tells you how to keep
your food sweet and wholesome—how to cut down ice
bills—what to seek and what to avoid in buying any

a damp cloth. The one refrigerator that will pay for itself in a saving on ice

Sold Direct

30 Days Trial—Credit Terms Extended

/ini. A. BrookseCo. LEVELAND, 0.
Nee = LORS IDEWALK LIGHTS.

WHY NOT BE
TEN DOLLAR BILL

Ten Dollars will insure you for one year under the famous

AETNA TEN DOLLAR COMBINATION

In extent and variety of protection with-

out a rival. For $10 this policy pays

$2,250.00 for death from travel. or burning. building
accident
1,250.00 for death from. ordinary accident
250.00 for death from natural causes. Paid at once
upon receipt of certified copy of official certificate of death.
It also pays liberally for loss of limb or sight, and pro-
vides weekly indemnity for accidental ‘injury that results
in total or partial disability. The payments for accidental
loss of life, limb or sight increase each year without —
additional cost, and make a possible payment of $3.250.00.

$3,250.00 Insurance for $10. oo

Send in the coupon to-day

My name, business address and occupation are written below.

The Home of Wholesome Food

A Snow-White Solid Porcelain Compartment Ghe“Monroe’
The Lifetime Refrigerator

Tear off

July, 1912

“There is almost no limit to the classes
of goods now sold in regard to which care
must be taken. For example, silk goods
are being adulterated to an extent and in
a way never before followed, and quanti-
ties of Japanese and Chinese goods sup-
posed to be made from the native-worked
Japanese or Chinese silks are partly Ameri-
can cotton. Silk hosiery is sold which is
not only not all silk, but is undersized
and otherwise unwearable.

“There will be found a real grade and
an “export” grade of porcelains like the
beautiful Satsuma porcelains of Japan.
Imitation cloisonné ware is on the market
in great quantities. Japanese carved
“cherry” wood furniture made for sale not
only in Japan but in other parts of the Far
East and sold generally in Hongkong and
even made for direct export to the United
States and Europe, is now generally made
in white soft wood stained and varnished.
Much of the Japanese silver for sale in all
these ports is pewter or silver of so low a
grade as to lose all merit as such. Chinese
blackwood furniture in some cases is white
wood stained, but this is not so prevalent
now as it was, for the reason that the
Chinese guild concerned has stopped the
practice of imitating the expensive heavy
“black” wood.

“Another feature of trade in such goods
may be indicated by the fact that recently
a large order was placed in Hongkong for
“Siamese” brass, and most of the brass
workers of this port at present are busily
engaged in beating out beautiful brass trays
with the usual Siamese engraved decoration
and characteristics, to be sold in Siam as
Siamese—beautiful work, but not what it
is sold as being. Considerable modern Chi-
nese brass is made in Japan and some even
in Europe.

“Some of these goods are sold as imita-
tion or second or third class goods, but
there are many dealers who are not very
scrupulous about calling the attention of
their customers to the fact that such goods
are imitation, and actual misrepresentation
is common. Many of the more patent de-
ceptions have long been understood by
casual travelers in the Far East, but there
are very modern and up-to-date imitations
of old or other meritorious goods which
deceive even more experienced travelers.
It seems needless to add that travelers in
the Far East should not only buy antiques,
curiosities, and the like with the greatest
care, but should also give particular atten-
tion to the actual composition, standard
quality, and real merits of modern goods
purchased. Against prevailing conditions
reputable business men in all eastern coun-
tries have long been contending, but the
present system is profitable and so long as
people will buy them such goods will be
sold, and the only adequate protection for
the purchaser is his own wariness.

SULPHUR AS A FERTILIZER

XPERIMENTS by M. Boulanger have

determined that sulphur (in the form
of the familiar “flowers of sulphur”) is a
valuable fertilizer of soil, tending to ma-
terially increase the harvest. Its action is
not direct, as in the case of other mineral
fertilizers, however. It operates as a modi-
fier of the bacterial flora contained in or-
dinary soil. It acts as a destroyer of nox-
ious microbes on the one hand, while on
the other it is favorable to the useful bac-
terial flora. This is proved by the circum-
stance that its influence is exerted only on
normal earth. When the soil has been
sterilized by heat the sulphur becomes in-
operative.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

xill

Like a yard with shade
treesandshrubbery, cool,
seclusive and inviting, is
the porch screened from
the blazing sun with

Burlington

Venetian Blinds

You can easily fit your _porch
with Burlington Venetian Blinds,
and vou can readily adjust the
blinds at an angle that will allow
free circulation and yet keep out
the hot sun.

Write for FREE,
Illustrated Booklet

This booklet will show you that
your porch can be that whi
it ought to be—your summer
living room.

Burlington Venetian Blind Co.
339 Lake St., Burlington, Vt.

A collection of designs showing perspectives in that ever beautiful style
with floor plans arranged to meet the requirements of modern days.
Contains designs -anging in cost from $5.000 to $30,000. Price $2.00 by
express prepaid. Also “STUCCO HOUSES” with new designs
for 1912. Itshows designs costing from §9,000 to $35,000. Price $5.00
express prepaid.
E. S. CHILD, ARCHITECT

Room 1020 29 Broadway New York City

5-Passenger Touring Car—110-inch Wheelbase
Standard Model - - $850
Model EE - - $900

R-C-H-Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE
Mia — for five eae eel sua for the driver.
mient and luxurious to
upkeep cost. Beautiful itcat ie dewiall onde a ike
THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.

Most con-
e gas cars

Are You Interested In

pleasant, permanent and profitable agency
work?! We offer a position as exclusive dis-
tributing salesman either all or spare time
for the Automatie Combination Tool, a Fence)
Bullders Device,Post Puller, Lifting and Pul-
ing Jack, Wire Stretcher,Wrench, etc. Used
by Contractors,Teamsters,Farmers,Factories

ALL

Pu IMPs xinps

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers
Write for Circulars and Prices

F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

Landscape Gardening

Prof. aes 250- page Catalogue Free Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

| Ui NEW BOOKS &

RuGs OF THE Orient. By C. R. Clifford.
New York: Clifford & Lawton, 1911.
Folio, 109 pages; illustrated. Price, $3.

The many people who take delight in
Eastern rugs will welcome this folio, which
is compliant and informing both to artistic
and commercial demands. Seven rules of
identification are given, covering design,
coloring and technique, so that the pur-
chaser who masters them may feel reason-
ably sure of the section from which the rug
comes. There is a chronological history
of the Orient, which furnishes a key to
the overlapping of tribes and tribal charac-
teristics as manifested in handicraft. <A
vocabulary of terms includes the rug dis-
tricts and the nomenclature of manufac-
ture. The characteristics of weaves are re-

duced to a table, which greatly facilitates

identification. The use of rugs according
to periods of history is another enlightening
section. The most striking feature of such
a folio as this should be, and is, the re-
production of various types of rugs. There
are large plates of mellow tone and great
beauty, interspersed with lesser illustrations
and much clear descriptive matter. There
are no reproductions in color, but aside
from this the work is all that could be ex-
pected, and exhibits the greatest care in
arrangement, accuracy in information, and
taste in selection.
side 2 (
INEXPENSIVE Homes oF INDIVIDUALITY.
New and enlarged edition. Introduction
by Frank Miles Day. Chapter on Costs,
by Aymar Embury, II. New York: Mc-
Bride, Nast & Co., 1912. Cloth; 16mo. ;
illustrated; 80 pages. Price, 75 cents net.

This is a collection of half-tone illustra-
tions and plan diagrams of twenty Ameri-
can hornes, nearly all of which have ap-
peared before in one of the periodicals is-
sued by its publishers. Better paper and
presswork might have been used to advan-
tage and the book is hardly to be considered
as an important addition to the literature
of American domestic architecture.

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF POULTRY

CuLture. By John H. Robinson. Bos-
ton: Ginn and Company. Cloth, 8vo.
Illustrated. 611 pages. Price, $3.00.

The method of treatment adopted in this
book is the simple, scientific method,—that
of presenting essential facts in logical order,
a method that enables one to have a more
comprehensive view of the subject as a
whole than could be obtained otherwise. It
is doubtful if a better volume on poultry
culture for the homemaker is available and
any one interested in the subject cannot fail
to find it of great service.

As THE Twic Is Benr. By Susan Chenery.

Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company.
Cloth, 8vo. 164 pages. Price, $1.00
net.

“As the Twig is Bent” strongly appeals
to the modern mother—full of delightful
surprises and useful lessons that may be
applied in the school as well as the home,
dealing with truth, honor, obedience, unself-
ishness, etc. One has access to interesting
bits of conversation between two sisters, one
a school-teacher, the other a mother of two
bright, vivacious children, Frank and Mar-
gery. The method used by this mother is
deftly related by the authoress.

At Moderate Cost

Here is a syetem that will deliver fresh running
water all day at the mere cost of a gallon of
gasoline.

@ DOUGLAS @
PNEUTANK SYSTEM

It’s the

It consists of an air-tight steel tank, a gas,
gasoline or electric motor and a very efhcient
pump. Can be located in the basement or out-
of-doors and take up very little room. Pneu-
tank Systems are efficient in operation, abso-
lutely reliable, and up to the Douglas standard
of excellence. Eighty years of exclusive pump-
making experience are behind them.

We will replace any part found defective
within five years of installation. Ourengineers
are’at all times ready to aid you in solving your
water-supply problem. Write tothem. They
can give you expert advice.

Douglas outfits can also be used for spraying,
watering the grounds, fire protection, etc.
Ask for catalog and full information.

W. & B. DOUGLAS

180 William Street Middletown, Conn.

Manufacturers of spray pumps, deep well pumps, etc.

This’ Fine Bungalow
was built ae rane GI N SE N G

The easiest way I know of for
making big money on little cap-
ital and spare time only. You
can raise it in your garden or
back yard at the rate of 5,000
Ibs. to the acre. Worth $6a lb.
now. Write to-day for my easy,
=. natural method. I’1] teach you free
and buy every pound you raise.

T. H. SUTTON, 606 Sherwood Ave.

Louisville, Ky.

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds. Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

Large barrel, freight prepaid
4 0 East of Missouri River—Cash
0 with order. Write for in-
teresting booklet and quantity prices.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
21 Union Stock Yards Chicago, Ill.

BARREL EQUALS
2 WaGon LOADS
STABLE: ;

NU RE

— Karr’s Oriental Poppies —

Next month (August) is the time to transplant these
glorious bloomers. A score and more of the finest sorts
are grown at Wyomissing Nurseries. I will send six
handsome varieties for $1. My book, “‘Hardy Plants,”
tells about Poppies, Peonies, and other plants for

planting. I will send a copy if you expect to purchase.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
’ 643E Penn St., Reading, Pa.

Ty )

4
aie
ee a

PY em cre oe Ne
s Tr ear —

The BEAUTY OF A CEMENT HOME
may now b _ enhanced by

waterproof finish in beautiful soft tones of

White, Buff, Green, Gray, etce., overcoming

all objections to the severe plainness and

cold look of Cement. a
For old houses as well as new.

Send 10c for book of valuable information. *
THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8604 Kinsman nd

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.
Benches, Pedestals,

Fonts, Vases, Busts,

Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Evergreens for
August and

i ‘Rlantin

F YOU have just built or bought a new
residence with treeless grounds about it,
don’t think you have to wait till Spring to

plant the evergreens you will need. Do it
in August and September— it’s the ideal
time. All the Fall and Winter they will be
beautifying the place.

Those big twenty-five year old pines in
the picture, were moved here from our
nursery.

In October we can move big maples in from
the vicinity or send them direct from our nur-
sery. Now isthe time to plan for all this work.

Come to our nursery; see our trees and let
us talk your problem over.

If you can’t come, send for our catalogs,
you will find them a very ready help in order-
ing by mail.

Tanne Hicks & Son

Westbury, Long Island

You Can Pick Out
the houses that have been stained with

Cabot’s Creosote Stains

The colors are so soft and rich and durable that all other
exterior stains look cheap and tawdry in comparison.

hey go farther, last longer, preserve the wood better,
and are infinitely more artistic. e genuine creosote
wood preserving stains. Every gallon guaranteed. on't
use stains that smell of kerosene, benzine .or other worth-
less and inflammable cheapeners.

You can get Cabol’s Stains all over the country
Send for free samples of stained wood

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists
131 Milk Street Boston, Mass.

FROZEN DOG RANCH-HOUSE
Foot of Seven Devils Range, between Freezeout and
Squaw Butte, on the Payette River
Stained with Cabot’s Stains
Col. W/m. C. Hunter, Designer and Owner

ee
THY) a

Madéecn Pliasbins
Illustrated

By R.M:. STARBUCK
400 (10% x7% ) Paces

55 FuLL PAGEs OF
ENGRAVINGS

PRICE, $4.00

q A comprehensive
and up-to-date work
illustrating and de-
scribing the Drain-
age and Ventilation
of Dwellings, Apart-
ments and Public
Buildings, etc. The
very latest and most
approved methods in
all branches of
Sanitary Installation
are given.

@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and
illustrated follow in the next column.

MUNN & CO,, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED

Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumb-
ing Fixtures and Groups of | ixtures

Traps — Venting

Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe

House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet.

Floor and Yard Drains, etc.

Rain Leaders

Sub-soil Drainage

Floor Connections

Roof Connections

Local Venting

Bath Room Connections [ete.

Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses,

Use of Flushing Valves

Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms

Durham System

Plumbing Construction without use of Lead

Automatic Sewage Lift—Sump Tank

Disposal of Sewage of Underground J}loors of
High Buildings

Country Plumbing

Cesspools

The Eiectrolysis of Underground Pipes

Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons

Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc.

Examples of Poor P actice

Roughing—Testing

Continuous Venting for all classes of Work

Circuit and Loop Venting

Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings

Cellar Work

House Drain—House Sewer—Sewer Connections

Plumbing for Cottage House

Plumbing for Residence

Plumbing for Two-Flat Hcuse

Plumbing for Apartment Houses

Plumbing for Office Building

Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms

Plumbing for Bath Establishment

Plumbing for Engine Houses

Plumbing for Stables

Plumbing for Factories

Plumbing for School Houses, etc. [by Electricity

Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes

July, 1912

Tue IMporTANT TIMBER TREES OF THE
Unitep States. By Simon B. Elliott.

Boston. Houghton-Mifflin Company.
1912. Cloth. 8vo. Illustrated. 382
pages. Price, $2.50 net.

This volume is an authoritative and prac-
tical handbook of everyday forestry for the
use of farmers and land-owners, as well as
of foresters, students of forestry, and lum-
bermen. The author, who is a member of
the Forestry Reservation Commission. of
Pennsylvania, and has been a life-long stu-
dent of the subject, has made a thorough
study of forestry problems in both this
country and Europe, but the book is free
from technicality and confusing detail, and
one to be recommended. It is helpfully ar-
ranged, clearly written, and fully illustrated
from photographs in such a way as to make
the pictures reinforce as well as illustrate
the text. It is a sound and excellent book,
which will meet a definite and large de-
mand,

EverBLooMING Roses.. By Georgia Tor-
rey Drennan, New York: Duffield &
Co., 1912. Illustrated, 250 pages. $1.50
net.

This is one of the most readable of
American books on the subject of Roses
that the garden beginner could have, con-
taining excellent cultural directions and a
dependable list of varieties.

New

LauGHTER. By Henri _ Bergson,
Cloth,

York: The Macmillan Co., 1912.
8vo.; 200 pages. Price, $1.25 net.

In this essay on the meaning of the comic
by M. Henri Bergson, one of the most bril-
liant members of the Institute of France,
the author has wisely confined himself to
exposing and illustrating his novel theory
of the comic without entering into a de-
tailed discussion of other explanations al-
ready in the field. He none the less indi-
cates in discussing the comic in general, the
comic element in forms and movements,
expansive force of the comic, the comic
element in situations and in words and the
comic in character, why the principal theo-
ries, to which they have given rise appear
to him inadequate. To quote only a few
one may mention those based on contrast,
exaggeration, and degradation.

EuRoPEAN BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN HIs-

tory. By Alice M. Atkinson. Boston:
Ginn & Company. Cloth. 12mo._ Illus-
trated. 398 pages. Price, $1.00.

This is an excellent introduction to the
study of United States history. The writer
has followed in its essentials the program
of the Committee of Eight, appointed by
the American Historical Association in
1905 to consider a course of study in his-
tory for elementary schools. In the pres-
ent volume England has been made the con-
necting link between America and those
European countries that have played a part
in the world from which our country was
peopled. Significant periods and move-
ments have been illustrated as far as pos-
sible through England. Primitive man,
Rome and Greece, the Northmen, the
Church, and the Crusades enter in this way,
as well as medizeval life in town and coun-
try. Stories of the age of exploration and
discovery also form a part of the tale. The
book ends with the death of Queen Eliza-
beth and the movement toward the coloni-
zation of America. The aim throughout
has been to tell vividly, simply, and fully
about a few great persons and events; to
reduce the number of unimportant and un-
related historical events; to maintain strict
historical accuracy; and tO bring the past
into relation with the present at as many .
points as possible.

July, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv

How To Save Money. By N. C. Fowler,
Jr. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1912.
Cloth. 16mo. 287 pages. Price $1.00
net.

This useful book is not intended for large
investors, or for professional money-chang-
ers, or for speculators. It is addressed,
primarily, to men and women of every age
who are financially able to save moderately
and systematically, and who wish to learn,
therefore, of every form of investment, that
they may place their money with a maxi-
mum of safety.

TRAINING THE Brrp Doc. By C. B. Whit-
ford. New York: The Outing Publish-
ing Co., 305 pp. Price, $1.25 net.

This is one of the most complete and ex-
haustive treatises ever written on the de-
velopment of the hunting dog. It will be
found useful to every sportsman, and should
be in the library of every dog owner, as
Mr. Whitford is a writer of authority.

Makinc A NEwspaPeR. By John L. Given.
New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Cloth, 16mo. 325 pages. Price, $1.50
net.

This is a book worth reading, an interest-
ing and detailed account’ of the business,
editorial, reportorial and manufacturing
organization of the daily newspaper by a
trained newspaper man. In this day and
generation, when we are dependent upon
newspapers for so much, it behooves us to
interest ourselves somewhat in the subject
of newspaper making, of what constitutes
a great newspaper. The volume shows how
editors learn of the happenings that. need
their attention; how physicians, ministers,
merchants, builders and many others tell
the newspaper, without realizing it, of their
own and their neighbors affairs, and it con-
tains anecdotes and the record of actual ex-
perience, which adds to the value of Mr.
Given’s narrative.

THE Book oF CAMPING AND WoopcrafT.
By Horace Kephart. New York: Out-
ing Publishing Company. Cloth, 16mo.
Illustrated. 331 pp. Price, $1.50 net.
The author’s aim in writing this valuable

little book was to make its pages of practi-
cal service to those who seek rest or sport
in the wilderness, or whose business calls
them thither. As one may define woodcraft
as “the art of getting along well in the
wilderness by utilizing Nature’s store-
house,” Mr. Kephart’s volume is a hand-
book of great service in this pursuit.

THe Harr-Trmper House. By Allen W.
Jackson. New York: McBride, Nast &
Company. 1912. Cloth. 8vo. Illus-
trated. 115 pages. Price, $2.00 net.

The various chapters of this book have
not been written with any intention of pre-
senting a technical treatise. In his preface
the author states that it is addressed prim-
arily to the general reader having an in-
terest in house building or to those who
have in mind building for themselves.
Whether or not the publishers have felt it
necessary to make the book bulky, it is a pity
such heavy, unwieldy paper was employed
in the printing, and the half-tone pages are
marred by the contrast with them. An un-
pleasant book to handle is always a difficult
book to read, notwithstanding which Mr.
Jackson’s text, despite the handicap placed
upon it by the publishers, is worth the ef-
fort of reading it, even though not with
patience. The chapter on “Methods of
Construction” is especially interesting and
helpful,

—but the
Lens caught
the Ball

The ball was too fast for the player,
but a Tessar caught it. This lens will
record on the plate the fastest things in
motion —animate or inanimate. You
are sure of the best possible results with a

K“lomb-7e;
Beek jah feo

Its remarkable power of gathering and transmitting
light gives the photographer unusual opportunities.

The She TPE Teen Cee OT The great speed, clear definition, perfect illumina-

lenses, microscopes field glasses, projection ab a- tion and precise optical corrections of the Tessar
ralus, engineering and other scientific instruments >: : : :
GSitheMpradicdl fm nEGrINEGOeAb Ts Gabe Ttnce: make it superior for practically every kind of work.

Our new Catalog34 H giving prices and details
of different lenses for various work, will be sent
postpaid on request. Write today. Your dealer
can also give you interesting information.

Bausch £9 lomb Optical ©.

NEW YORK WASHINGTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

LONDON ROCHESTER.NWY. FRANKFORT

The Scientific American Boy
By A. RUSSELL BOND

12mo. :: Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of

MUNN & CO., Inc., «sceniublisherscoicany 361 Broadway, New York

Lane Double Timber Hangers

It is of utmost importance to have floor timbers well secured--the stability of
the house depends upon it. In your building do not have the timbers cut away

for mortise and tenon or depend upon flimsy spiking. We carry in stock
20,000 timber hangers adapted to all conditions of construction.

Upon request a beautiful aluminum desk model will be sent to those con-
templating building.

LANE BROTHERS COMPANY

Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

July, 1912

] lh =e g

th ni sit Mil | it

[jp ud UT "

i nie appre ——
nN I i l]

GHLIN, “|

A en HI ria TTT
\ i f NIM Hilt

} Nien 4 Pie iis NN | HyVIHI
hn ri | | i} s TD) |

qu
ii vi

fu,

1B PAU

Lu
WHI

ae agi |
ij

ANA
ii
Hil
| Ne nu

INGUIt

l in
WA

wl il i

The Apotheosis of a Lump of Clay
Potter’s clay is made of materials brought from the
ends of the earth. With deft hands and cunning tools the
potter shapes this clay. Then it is baked in a fierce fire for 48
hours. Two, and generally three times it takes this bath of flame,
coming forth, at last, a beautiful, snow-white dish. Thus does the skill of

man and the refining fire exalt aclod of earth.
For 40 years we have made fine china. On quality we have built the greatest
pottery on earth. Tell your dealer you want our guarantee—the trade-mark name
—Homer Laughlin on the under side of each dish. ‘‘The China Book’’
is a beautiful and interesting work on china making. Send for it.

LES
oN

Wie

The Homer Laughlin China Company,
Newell, West Viginia.

F YOUR home is mortgaged, it must worry you at
| times to think what might happen if you should die
and your wife and children were left without the
means to pay the principal or even to meet the interest
payments as they come due. How could your family
prevent the loss of the home and the humiliation of being
turned out under foreclosure?

End your worry and protect them by placing the
responsibility on The Travelers by a Life Insurance
Policy which at your death will pay off the mortgage and
provide in addition a fund for purchasing the necessities
of life. One of our Guaranteed Low Cost Life insurance
policies for an amount proportionate to your means will
do this, or a Monthly Income policy will meet the interest
payments and provide each month a certain income for
the family.

Send to The Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford,
Conn., for particulars. We will show you how to do it.

squsnannncsensencccnanses2nSSUnrSoeuSeGesaaeeneeeeeuaaneenneeeenneeuenaccenneseeneeuenennanncnenGeencneeneesneneeeeGusnneeeeeeeseeeenseeusSeseeeeeeeeuacsanssneseneseunnseneasenenseuasseacsence!

The Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.

Send particulars. My name, address and date of birth are written below.

DOLL-MAKING IN GERMANY

HE old home of the doll is Thuringia,”

writes Consul-General. Frank Dilling-
ham, from Coburg to the Daily Consular
and Trade Reports, “especially the town of
Sonneberg, twelve miles from Coburg.
Most of the poorer families in and around
Sonneberg are engaged in this industry,
which is the chief source of revenue of the
population, giving employment for the
whole year. The work demands a great
deal of practice and skill, as well as
time and trouble. The inhabitants start
making dolls while very young, and by
constant practice are finally able to work
with astonishing accuracy and speed. In
the doll industry only some special part
of the dolls is made by each person. Some
make the bodies, others the heads, and still
others the arms, hands, etc. By this divi-
sion the work is done much quicker and
better.

“The heads are first molded, and, when
sufficiently dry, the eyes are cut out by a
skilled worker with a very thin, sharp knife.
This is extremely delicate work because all
of the sockets have to be of uniform size
or the eyes do not fit. After being burned,
the heads are painted, waxed, or glazed,
depending on the material from which the
heads are made. The arms, legs, and hands,
are produced in a similar but simpler man-
ner, as the painting consists only in giving
the necessary flesh color, while the heads
must have rosy cheeks, red lips, and dark
or light eyebrows, depending on the color
of the eyes. The setting of the eyes and
the making and attaching of the wigs in-
volve a number of other processes.

“The doll industry is now commencing to
make the ‘character doll’ in restricted
numbers. The model is made by an artist
and the molds are then copied from this
model. The painting of these dolls is done
with especial care, and, consequently, their
price is considerably higher than that of
the commoner type of doll.

“The assembling of the different parts of
the dolls is often very complicated. The best
jointed dolls have stout elastic cord on the
inside, to which the movable parts are at-
tached. A special branch of the industry
is devoted to the making of dresses and
hats. The latest Parisian styles are copied
in dressing the larger-sized dolls, and the
creations turned out compare very favor-
ably, in miniature, with the original.”

BATHROOMS IN ARABIA

N American consular representative

in Aden, Arabia, has written the fol-
lowing note regarding bathrooms in Brit-
ish Arabia:

“This is a primitive country. Drinking
and bathing water is drawn from the sea,
condensed, and delivered to residents in
wagons at one half cent a gallon.

“There is no plumbing and modern
bathroom fittings are conspicuous by their
absence. We use washtubs for bathing
purposes, and for shower baths we use
an ordinary tin bucket with a sprinkler
soldered in the bottom and suspended
from the ceiling. Thus a shower ar-
rangement costs only fifty cents. How
soon these conditions will change for the
better can not be definitely stated. The
British authorities have considered the
advisability of piping water into Aden
from Lahej, about thirty miles distant,
but have come to no decision in the mat-
ter as yet. Should a change take place,
this consulate will do its utmost to insure
the introduction of American plumbing
and bathroom facilities.”

JUST PUBLISHED
A Complete and Authoritative American Work!

Standard Practical Plumbing

BY R. M. STARBUCK
Author of “* Modern Plumbing Illustrated ”’ etc., etc.

Octavo, (6% x 9% inches), 406 pages, 347 illustrations.

Price, $3.00 postpaid.

This work is especially strong in its
exhaustive treatment of the skilled work
of the plumber and commends itself at
once to everyone working in any branch
ofthe plumbing trade. Itis indispensable
to the master plumber, the journeyman
plumber and the apprentice plumber.
Plumbing in all its branches is treated
within the pages of this book, and a large
amount of space is devoted to a very
complete and practical treatment of the
subjects of hot-water supply, circulation
H and range boiler work.

The illustrations, of which there are three hundred and forty-
seven, one hundred being full-page illustrations, were made ex-
pressly for this book, and show the most modern and best Am-
erican practice in plumbing construction.

Following is a list of the chapters:

The Plumber’s Tools. XVIII. Residence Plumbing.
Wiping Solder, Composi- XIX. Plumbing for Hotels,

tion and Use. Schools, Factories, Sta-
Joint Wiping. bles, Etc.

STANDARD S

|} PRACTICAL PLUMBING

R-M. STARBUCK

EXCELSIOR “ ‘RUST. PROOF” FENCES

Trellises, Tree and Flower Guards

UTLINE your premises with an ornamental wire fence.

Add to the trim beauty of your place, and at the same

time keep out intruders. There is only one wire fence
that will stand for years and never rust. That is

“*Rust-Proof’’ Wire Fence

Lead Work.

Traps.

Siphonage of Traps.

Venting.

Continuous Venting.

House Sewer and Sewer
Connections.

House Drain.

Soil Piping, Roughing.
Main Trap and Fresh
Air Inlet.
Floor, Yard, Cellar
Drains, Rain Leaders,

Etc.
Fixture Wastes.
Water Closets.

XXII.
XXIII.

XXIV.

XXVII.
XXVIII.

Modern Country Plumb-
ing.

Filtration of Sewage and
Water Supply.

Hot and Cold Supply.

Range Boilers; Circula-
tion.

Circulating Pipes.

Range Boiler Problems.

Hot Water for Large
Buildings.

Water Lift and Its Use. ©

Multiple Connections for
Hot Water Boilers;
Heating of Radiation
by. Supply System.

Ventilation. XXIX. Theory for the Plumber.
Improved Plumbing Con- XXX. Drawing for the Plum-
nections. ber.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE

By RALPH C. DAVISON

HIS book describes in detail in a
most practical manner the var-
ious methods of casting concrete
for ornamental and usetul pur-
poses and covers the entire field

of ornamental concrete work. It tells
how to make all kinds of concrete vases,
ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes-
tals, conerete benches, concrete fences,
ete. Full practical instructions are given
for constructing and finishing the difler-
ent kinds of molds, making the wire
forms or frames, selecting and mixing
the ingredients, covering the wire frames
and modeling the cement mortar into
form, and casting and finishing the
various objects. With the information
given in this book any handyman or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement
for the adornment of tue home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material,

and has explained each progressive step in the various operations
throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented
with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that
no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman
who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt-
ability of concrete for | pottery work inasmuch as it is acold process
throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which
is necessary with the former material. The information on color
work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as
there is little known on the subject and there is a large growing de-
mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters
which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work.

I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of Aggregates.
Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower

eling the Cemert Mortar into Form. Pots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with
Ill. Plaster Molds for Simple Forns. Colored Tile.
IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having X. Concrete Pedestals.
Curved Outlines. XI. Concrete Benches.
V. Combination of Casting and Model- XII. Concrete Fences,
ing—An Egyptian Vase. XIII. Miscellaneous, including Tools,

VI. Glue Molds.
VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used
for Producing Designs with same.

16 mo. 544x7)7 inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid

This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a-
bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited
possibilities of ornamentation in concrete.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers

Water proofing and Reinforcing.

361 BROADWAY NEW YORK

Wright’s Excelsior

It is made of heavy wire, completely encased in melted
zinc—after making No moisture ever comes in contact
with the steel and rusting is eliminated. For economy buy
Excelsior Rust-Proof Fences, Trellises and Tree Guards.

Order from your hardware dealer
Ask us for illustrated catalog

WRIGHT WIRE CO., Worcester, Mass.

33 West Michigan Street, Chicago 410 Commerce Street, Philadelphia
256 Broadway, New York City 125 Summer Street, Boston
5 First Street, San Francisco

and Laboratory
Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND

I2mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations
Price, $2.00 Postpaid

A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practical
Man

VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con-
H) fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise
of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of

this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of
procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and,
appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only
too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information.

About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientifie Amer-
ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate
response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this
country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes-
sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies and
offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or ‘‘kinks’’ as they
are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in
other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at doing things
about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in
the physics and ‘chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood
of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call
for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never
touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured
in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop
Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so
large a volume of material; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for
lick of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in
the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine
chapters, under the following headings :

L., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals
and ‘the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; ; IV., The Handy Man in
the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy
Man’s Electrical Leboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House ; ATANOUS
The Handy Sportsman; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines.

MUNN & CO., Inc.

361 BROADWAY

NEW YORK

9
Handy Man’s Workshop |

Are You Prepared to Fight a Fire?

Investigate the Fire Fighting Qualities of

Simmons Fire Equipmen

Don’t Wait for a Fire—Get a Fire Fighter Now!

For the HOME

TR me AUTOMOBILE

For the YACHT

“Simmons” Fire Extinguisher

a @ Means instant fire protection at the critical moment. An
ideal extinguisher for the home; portable, light and com-
pact. Easily handled, nothing to get out of order. To
operate—simply invert and an effective stream is right at
hand. Its popularity is attested by the thousands now in
use in prominent buildings, hotels and homes throughout
the country. Let us send you one.

Capacity 3 Gallon, $9.00, Delivered Anywhere

Our Catalogue on Fire Fighting Equipment Cheerfully Sent on Request
You Should Have a Copy

JOSICO

Fire Hose Reel for Interior
Protection

Our Garden

Simmons Hose Reel
@ This device owes its

Specialties

Garden Hose

SIMMONS DRY POWDER

is practically everlasting, some EXTINGUISHER
5 5 0 Especially Adapted for |
great demand to the fact of it having been in use for Yachts, Automobier Switch Wy
that it combines the fea- years andl’even! now, eivinemee Boards

tures of a lawn sprinkler with the special qualities of
a spiral hose reel. It is practically indestructible
—also adds to the life of hose by thoroughly
draining, after use, by its spiral wind. It is also
neat and compact and can be handled and ope-
rated with ease. Price complete, fitted with

100 ft. of our # in. garden hose and nozzle, $15.00.

John Simmons Company,

good service as when first

purchased. Of course this is materially due to its con-

struction, it being carefully woven and having an inner tube
of pure rubber, an important feature which exists but in few |
other brands on the market. ). one

This in turn enables us to give it our broadest guarantee |

country.

100 Centre
Street

and accounts for its wide-spread popularity throughout the

New York

00 A Y

BRIGEE2Z5) CEN
3.0

hers

aS
Zz
NA
jaa
e)
>
B
a)
Zz

=
c.
2
©)
O
B
Zz
Z.
=
=

- Raho ne = ‘*

AUGUST, 1912

Special Offer—$13- Value for $75

American Estates and (sardens Hint: FERREE

Large Quarto, 11x13 Inches. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed.

@ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which
for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great
estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate
treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great

have been introduced into this country, as being
specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri-
can country life.

q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown
may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few
have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and
for that reason special attention has been given to
reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and

a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which -

Ours Special Otter

@ The price of this book is $10.00.
We are offering a limited number of
copies, together with one year’s sub-
scription to American Homes and
Gardens, the price of which is $3.00,
a total value of $13.00, for $7.50
for the two, transportation charges
prepaid. As we are offering only a
limited number of copies on these
liberal terms, we would advise that

orders be sent at once, before the

rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can
supply of the book is exhausted.

be obtained of learning how the favored few live.

@ The building of the great homes of America has
necessarily involved the development of their sur-
rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi-
tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period
that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present
volume. 4 This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 10}4x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations,
of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being
the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book.

MUNN & CO.,, Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

_———a =a

BOUND VOLUMES of

AMERICAN HOMES
and GARDENS 1911

456 pages, over 1,000 illustrations, ©
many of which are full-page plates. Price, $5. 00

An exquisite volume full of interest to the home planner, the home builder and the
home maker. The volumes are beautifully bound in green library cloth, stamped in
colors, gilt top.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is a magazine of taste and distinction in all
things that pertain to home-making, and every one of the numbers which compose this
fine volume is thoroughly illustrated by many half-tone reproductions from photographs
especially taken for this publication.

Below are mentioned a few of the many subjects covered in its columns:

Houses Furnishings Heating Flowers Garden Plans Kennel

Bungalows Plumbing Cooking Fruits Aviation Stock

House Plans Water Supply Housekeeping Lawns Automobiling Landscape

. Interiors Lighting Gardens Garages Poultry ~ Architecture

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is considered to be the most beautiful magazine published and it
is also the most practical. It fills the needs of the home, both in and out doors. The designing and con-
struction of the House, its interior and exterior decorations, the planning and laying out of the Garden, every
phase of Country Life, every home problem is solved in discussion and illustration in its pages each month.
It breathes the spirit of the country without being Agricultural or Horticultural. A limited number of
volumes for 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 and 1910 are available. Price $5.00 each. 1905 is a volume containing

six months numbers, price, $3.50.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

August, 1912

POULTRY. ,

ola

PLANNING THE POULTRY HOUSE
By E. I. FARRINGTON

T is wise not only to plan but to build

the poultry house early in the season, so
that it will have time to dry out thoroughly
before the coming of cold weather. It is
more important that the house should be
dry than that it should be warm. Indeed,
experience has shown that houses with
large openings in front which are never
closed except in extremely cold or very
stormy weather are preferable to any other
kind, whether on a commercial plant or
when used by an amateur.

Houses built with an eye to profits
should not cost over one dollar for each
fowl to be confined in them. If that con-
sideration does not enter into the plan, the
poultry house may be made as elaborate
architecturally as desired. On large es-
tates it is customary to have all the out-
buildings conform to a general design.
Whatever embellishments the house may
have, however, the interior arrangement
should be made as simple as possible, with
all the fixtures so constructed that they
may be easily and quickly removed. In ne
other way is it possible to keep a poultry
house free from insect pests. Cracks,
crevices and other hiding places for lice
should be as few as possible and the walls
should be smooth. One of the patent wall
boards may be used to advantage in a well-
made poultry house either for partitions or
to sheath the interior. The expense is
small and this material is effective in mak-
ing a house tight and dry, while it offers no
harboring place for lice or mites.

The shed roof form of house is the most
common and the most satisfactory, all
things considered. Likewise, it is the cheap-
est form to build. Only a slight slope of
the roof is needed if a high grade roofing
paper is used as a covering. If shingles are
used, the slope must be greater. The front
wall should be high enough so that the at-
tendant can move about without stooping,
and allowance must be made for a foot or
more of sand and litter on the floor, which
will bring the floor surface at least that
much higher than the surface of the ground
outside. A well-made concrete foundation
is a great advantage, adding to the life of
the house and keeping out rats if deep
enough. Cement floors are often used, but
require a deep layer of cinders, coal ashes
or small stones under them, for otherwise
moisture from the earth will come through
the cement. Many cement floors have
proved damp because not properly con-
structed. A cement floor should always be
covered with sand or a litter, for the sur-
face is too hard for the feet of the birds
to rest on it.

If a board floor is used, it may be made
very satisfactory by constructing it double
with heavy tarred paper between. In lo-
calities where the soil is light, an earth
floor can hardly be improved upon, if it is
built up a foot higher than the ground out-
side, so that there will be perfect drainage.
Protection against rats may be provided by
using inch-mesh chicken wire all around
the house. The wire should extend into
the ground a foot and then away from the

Hardware

HE hardware is a small item in the total cost of a residence,
hotel, school, apartment house or public building, but it is
an important factor in an artistically harmonious ensemble.

Beauty of finish, fitness of design and honesty of material and
workmanship are the distinguishing features that have made
Sargent Hardware the first choice of well informed architects.
It affords the selection of true period designs that fit perfectly
into each architectural and decorative scheme.

We shall be pleased to send a copy
of our Book of. Designs on request.
We will also send our Special
Colonial Book if you are interested

in that period.

This Colonial knob and key plate are
rich in the simplicity of their design—
they hark back to old Salem days.
This is but one of our many pure de
signs of the Colonial period.

How to Make a 100-mile Wireless Telegraph Outfit

In the following Scientific American Supplements, the well-known wireless
telegraph expert, Mr. A. Frederick Coliins, describes clearly and simply, without
the aid of mathematics, the construction of a 100-mile wireless telegraph outfit.
Complete drawings accompany his descriptions.

The design and construction of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph set is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1605.

The location and erection of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph station is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1622.

In Scientific American Supplement 1623,
tbe installation and adjustment of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph station is fully explained.

The adjustment and tuning of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph outfit is discussed in Scientific
American Supplement 1624.

The theory and action of a 100-mile wireless
telegraph outfit is explained in Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement 1625.

The management and operation of ship and
shore stations is clearly set forth in Scientific
American Supplement 1628.

These six articles constitute a splendid treatise on the construction, operation
and theory of wireless telegraph instruments. The complete set will be mailed
to any address for 60 cents.

Single number will be mailed for 10 cents.

Order from your newsdealer or from

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York, N.Y.

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

fouliry, Pet and Live Stork
Directory

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds andanimals. Nearly 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to our business.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl,
Cranes, Storks, Flamirgoes, Ostriches, Orna-
mental Ducks and Ge ese, etc., for private parks
and fanciers. Also Hungarian Partridges,
Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks and Geese, Deer,
Rabbits, etc., for stocking preserves. Good
healthy stock at right prices.

Write us what you want.

WENZ & MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Dept. “A. H.” Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

LOVER
SADDLE

KILLED BY SCIENCE
DANYSZ VIRUS isa

RA I Bacteriological Preparation

AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse=
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75c; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
sq. ft. foor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

A SAFE COMPANION
For Your Children or For Yourself

A Necessity for your Country Home

A GOOD DOG

Write to the advertisers in our columns for information
about the dogs they handle. If they do not advertise
what you want, write “ Poultry, Pet and Live Stock De-
partment, American Homes and Gardens.”

Poultry and Duck Farm for Sale

In far-famed Dutchess County—the land of peaceful homes. Situated
between the charming villages of Hyde Park and East Park. Thirty-four
acres nearly level land. Ten-room house — with Telephone. Ample
outbuildings, numerous poultry houses—together_ with stock of about 800
hens and chickens, two cows, two heifers, pigs, ducks, incubator, 9
brooders, wagons and farming tools,

cozy home, and an ideal place for profitable poultry keeping
Delightful location—splendid State Roads all about—romantic scenery.
Only a few minutes from Hudson River R. R. and Boat Landing

A beautiful, large mill-brook runs thru entire place—with fine fishing
Two grand sites for dams — making picturesque lakes with abundant
water power. Has advantages almost impossible to be duplicated Farm
will be sold with entire stock and fixtures mentioned for $3,500—net cash.
Possession given immediately. Address

A.T. COOK (Seedsman), Agent, Hyde Park-on-the-Hudson,N.Y.

OF THE MARVELOUSLY

BEAUTIFUL

HORSES

for which Kentucky is World-famous,

who desire to purchase animals for pleasure,
riding or show purposes, and to acquire them
at first hands under a responsible warranty,
are invited to send description of the animal
most suitable for their particular taste and

purposes to the following address.

Gor

respondence promptly answered.

H. J. KRUM

ever brought out.
plates. One dollar each.

MUNN & CO., INC,,

Cottage Desiqns

By far the most complete collection of plans
Illustrated with full-page
Sold separately.

361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

Lexington, Ky.

No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS

ASIEN, five designs, ranging in cost

from $600 to $1,500.
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES

Upward of twenty-five designs, costing
from $1,000 to $3,000.

No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS

Twenty designs, a costs ranging from

$2,800 to $7,000
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES

Twenty selected designs, Costing from
about $3,000 upward.

building for another foot underground.
Twice a year an inch or more of the earth
should be removed from the top of the floor
and replaced with fresh, clean sand.

It costs less to build a square house than
a long and narrow one. Deep houses are
coming into favor, especially for those of
the open-front type. The sun’s rays, how-
ever, will not reach the farther end of a
deep house unless the front is made un-
usually high, and to meet this difficulty the
semi-monitor type of house is being advo-
cated again, after being in disrepute for
several years. Such a house has a double
pitch roof, the rear section extending above
the front part and carrying a row of win-
dows by means of which a flood of light is
admitted. A house of this type has been
used with excellent results at the New Jer-
sey state experiment station.

The average amateur will hardly have a
house deeper than ten or twelve feet, and
such a house will receive sufficient light
from the front. Ten by twelve is about
the right proportions for a house to carry
from twenty-five to thirty hens. If twice
as many are to be kept, the house may be
twelve by twenty. There is a growing
tendency to keep the hens in larger flocks
than formerly, so that fifty or sixty birds
may be allowed to run together. This
method greatly economizes labor and _ al-
lows more crowding of the fowls. A hen
feels that she has a greater degree of lib-
erty when she is able to walk straight ahead
for twenty feet before meeting an obstruc-
tion, than when she finds something in her
way after walking ten feet.

The one point to be guarded against in an
undivided long house is draughts, and the
way to avoid this danger is to have all the
openings in front. If there is a door at the
end, it should be kept shut. Even when
these precautions are taken, there is often
a decided flow of air, and in order to pro-
tect the birds from it at night, partitions
at intervals of ten feet and extending a
foot or two beyond the perches at the rear
of the house may be constructed. Such
partitions should be made of matched
boards or wall board and are also useful in
houses divided into small pens, where the
divisions are made with poultry netting. In
the latter case, there should also be boards
at the bottom of the netting to a point
higher than the heads of the birds in order
to prevent quarreling as well as draughts.

Many practical poultrymen are doing
away with dropping boards, substituting an
upright board in the floor far enough in
front of the perches so that the droppings
will be confined at the rear of the house.
This plan saves much work, but the ama-
teur with a few hens finds it tidier to have
dropping boards and is able to handle the
manure to better advantage when using it
on his garden. Unless the dropping boards
are cleaned every two or three days, though,
it is better to dispense with them.

The question of ventilation had vexed
poultry keepers for years before the plan
of using muslin instead of glass was ad-
vocated. That solution of the problem has
been adopted by poultry keepers every-
where, and is no less effective because ex-
tremely simple. Muslin admits air freely
but prevents draughts, as well as rain.
Hens do not mind cold nearly as much as
draughts and dampness. When muslin is
used in place of glass the fowls breath
fresh air at all times, day and night; and
fresh air is the one thing they need above
all else. This innovation has relieved the
poultry keeper of much of his work, for
disease is much less prevalent. This is one
reason why larger flocks are being kept
together. Breeders are finding that this

August, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii

plan is now a safe one, although long con-
sidered not to be.

Many extremists use houses the fronts
of which are entirely open, being covered
only with poultry wire to keep the hens in
and intruders out. This plan may be fol-
lowed safely if canvas, muslin or burlap
curtains are so arranged that they may be
dropped in front of the perches on cold
nights. Probably the best arrangement for
a small poultry house is secured by having
an opening running the long way of the
house and with the bottom about two feet
above the floor, with an ordinary window
at one end of this opening and extending
almost to the foor. A muslin curtain may
be tacked to a frame hinged to the top of
the opening, but should be used only when
the weather is stormy or very cold. The
opening is high enough so that the wind
will not blow directly on the birds, but the
glass window will admit sunlight to the
floor early in the morning. The glass will
also serve to light the house better when
the muslin curtain is closed.

AN INCUBATOR AGES OLD

N a lonely village lying in the midst of

dry Egyptian sands, chickens are being
incubated to-day, according to a correspond-
ent of the Chicago News, just as in Biblical
times and on a scale and by a method cal-
culated to astonish European and American
poultry raisers. Evernest Kellerstrass, a
poultry expert of Kansas City, Mo., recently
visited one of these Egyptian incubators.

“Of course,’ he said, “it is known by
all chicken fanciers that incubation was car-
ried on in Egypt in ancient times. Person-
ally, however, I did not dream that it was
still being carried on by the same archaic
method. It was the porter of a hotel in
Cairo, who, finding that I was interested
in meeting the local egg merchants, sug-
gested that I might find an incubator in
some village.

“A few days later a man came and in-
formed me that he could conduct me to a
village where there was an incubator. So
we took a train inland and then after riding
on mules for several hours arrived at a
village where, sure enough, there was a
thriving incubator. The proprietor was a
tall, old Arab.

“The incubator, like the house that ad-
joined it, was built of adobe and shaped
like a beehive. I entered it by a small oval
door. The place was full of smoke, but I
distinguished within the great beehive six
objects resembling smaller beehives. There
were three on each side. Each of these
was raised on a table above the floor and
was pierced with a small oval opening.
These were the ovens. They were supplied
with heat from circular fireplaces beneath,
in which straw and chaff were kept smol-
dering without coming to a blaze. In each
oven there were no less than 6,000 eggs.
There was an open spot in the center where
one of the children crawled in to turn the
eggs.

“One oven happened to be hatching when
I was there, and it was a wonderful sight
to see the chickens popping out by the
dozens. A boy inside was busy clearing
away the shells and also gathering up hand-
fuls of chickens when dry and tossing them
on a pile of chaff. I was naturally aston-
ished. The Arab assured me that his an-
cestors had incubated in this manner as far
back as human memory reached. We be-
lieve in America that an incubator must
have 103 degrees of heat. Here there are
no thermometers and the Arab said he
gauged the temperature by sticking his hand
inside. Using my thermometer, I found

Message Bearers Ancien

Pheidippides, the most noted runner of
ancient Greece, made a record and an ever-
lasting reputation by speeding 140 miles
from Athens to Sparta in less than two days.

Runners trained to perfection composed
the courier service for the transmission of
messages in olden times. But the service
was so costly it could be used only in the
interest of rulers on occasions of utmost
importance.

The Royal messenger of ancient times has
given way to the democratic telephone of
to-day. Cities, one hundred or even two
thousand miles apart, are connected in a
few seconds, so that message and answet
follow one another as if two persons were
talking in the same room.

This instantaneous telephone service not
only meets the needs of the State in great
emergencies, but it meets the daily needs
of millions of the plain people. There can
be no quicker service than that which is
everywhere at the command of the
humblest day laborer.

Inventors have made possible communica-
tion by telephone service. The Bell System, by
connecting seven million people together, has
made telephone service so inexpensive that it
is used twenty-five million times a day.

Captains of war and industry might, at great
expense, establish their own exclusive tele-
phone lines, but in order that any person hav-
ing a telephone may talk with any other per-
son having a telephone, there must be One
System, One Policy and Universal Service.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Every Bell Gelephone is the Center of the System

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE

ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, {LLINOIS
Eastern Office:

1123 Broadway, New York City

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no
weeds. Best fertilizer for lawns—gardens—
trees—shrubs—vegetables and fruit.

Large barrel, freight prepaid
40 East of Missoun' River—Cash
or

STABLE: ! : with order. Write for in-
Wai Meee teresting booklet and quantity prices.
\ANURE THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

Chicago, Ill.

oe Union Stock Yards
Pneumatic.

RIFE Poze!

SUPPLY WATER

wherever wanted. The system oper-
ates with its own water power and
works day and night, winter and
summer without attention.

If you have a flow- |
ing Artesian Well,
Spring, Brook or River
on your property write
for our Free catalog
which gives detailed
information.

RIFE ENGINE CO.
2633 Trinity Building New York

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

THE ROTARY
STEAM ENGINE

HE Rotary Steam Engine has
attracted the best thoughts of
inventors and students for many
years. All interested should read
carefully the very complete in-
formation found in the files of the

Scientific American Supplement.
Every class and type of rotary
engines and pumps is described
and illustrated.

Scientific American Supplement 470 describes
the Harrington Rotary Engine, a form of intermit-
tent gear.

Scientific American Supplement 497 describes
Fielding & Platt’s Universal-joint Rotary Engine.
Scientific American Supplement 507 describes

the Jacomy Engine, a square-piston type.

Scientific American Supplement 528 describes
Inclined-shaft Rotary Engine, using the universal-
joint principle.

Scientific American Supplement 558 describes
the Kingdon Engine, a “‘wabble-disk”’ design.

Scientific American Supplement 636 describes
Riggs’ Revolving-cylinder Engine, suggesting the
present Gnome motor.

Scientific American Supplement 775 describes
Revolving-cylinder engines of several forms.

1109-1110-

1111 contains a series of great interest, describing

Scientific American Supplement

and illustrating all the principal types of rotary en-
gines and pumps. This set should be studied by
every inventor and designer.

Scientific American Supplement 1112 describes
the Filtz Rotary Motor, using helical surfaces.

Scientific American Supplement 1158 describes
Hult’s Rotary Engine, an eccentric-ring type.

Scientific American Supplement 1193 describes
Arbel & Tihon'’s Rotary Motor, an ingenious
eccentric type, now on the market as a pump.

Scientific American Supplement 1309 describes
The Colwell Rotary Engine, in which a piston
travels entirely around an annular cylinder.

Scientific American Supplement 1524 describes
Rotary Engine on the intermittent-gear principle.

Scientific American Supplement 1534 contains
a valuable column on the difficulties of rotary en-
gine design.

Scientific American Supplement 1821 contains
an article describing many new forms of rotary
engines of the most modern design.

Scientific American, No. 23, Vol. 102 contains a
full description of the recent Herrick Rotary En-
gine, an eccentric type with swinging abutment.

Scientific American, No. 23, Vol. 104 describes
Jarman’s Engine, on the sliding-valve principle.

Scientific American, No. 14, Vol. 106 describes
the Augustine Rotary Engine, with novel features
incorporated in the sliding-valve design.

Each number of the Scientific American or
A set of
papers containing all the articles here men-
tioned will be mailed for $2.00. They give
more complete information on the subject
Send
for a copy of the 1910 Supplement Catalogue,

the Supplement costs 10 cents.

than a library of engineering works.

free to any address. Order from your news-

dealer, or the publishers.

MUNN & CO., INC.
361 BROADWAY, _N. Y. CITY

the temperature in the various ovens
ranged anywhere from 57 to 98 degrees.
This upsets our theory.

“T asked the Arab what per cent. of the
eggs hatched out, and he immediately
asked me the same question. I replied that
sometimes it was 30 to 40 per cent. and
sometimes it was 70 to 80 per cent., where-
upon the Arab laughed and said that with
him it was never less than 90 per cent. ; oth-
erwise he would starve. He then explained
that he hatched for forty neighbors for
five months in the year, beginning in Janu-
ary, getting 6,000 eggs from each. He is
paid $5 for his work by each of his cus-
tomers.

EGGS IN EGYPT

HE hatching of eggs by means of arti-

ficial heat has been practiced in China
and in Egypt from prehistoric times. In
the latter country there still exist ancient
egg-hatcheries or “mamals” that have been
in continuous use in the same family for
many generations. These incubators con-
sist of large brick ovens that will hold about
thirty to sixty thousand eggs at a time. The
fire is built inside the oven and is watched
carefully for ten days, after which no addi-
tional heat is necessary. The method of
building the fires and maintaining them so
as to preserve the right temperature are
trade secrets that are jealously guarded
and usually kept in the family. About
sixty-five to seventy per cent of the eggs
are said to be successfully hatched by these
methods. The production of eggs for the
export trade has come to be a very import-
ant industry of Egypt. During the Winter
of 1911-1912 the export amounted to
83,608,000 eggs, having a value of
$627,000. That is at the rate of about
nine cents a dozen. Compared to the prices
paid in this country last Winter, it would
almost seem that it might pay to bring eggs
to New York from Cairo. Most of the
Egyptian eggs go to England; last year
74,000,000, or nearly ninety per cent, were
sent there. France had over 3,000,000, and
the rest were divided among a number of
countries. The eggs shipped from Egypt
are generally smaller than those we are ac-
customed to; but when we consider the
amount of food material contained in them,
even these small eggs are very cheap when
compared with prices in. this country or
in Europe.

UNUSUAL OCCUPATIONS

HEN the thirteenth census is com-
pleted, that is when the last compila-
tion has been made and each individual has
been put in the proper class, it will be the
most exhaustive classification ever made
by the Census Bureau. For instance, while
machinists will of course be placed under
one general heading, each of them will be
classified according to the particular work
he is doing, and so with other trades and
industries. Some of the sub-classes will
contain but a single name. This will bring
to light a number of queer ways in which
some people are engaged in earning a liveli-
hood. As far as the work has progressed,
there is only one man classed as ‘‘snake
merchant.” This man has a snake ranch in
Texas, and has for more than seven years
made a business of handling snakes. Dur-
ing the year 1910 he sold over 150,000
rattlesnakes and blacksnakes, the prices
ranging from twenty-five cents to two dol-
lars each. They are sold to zoos, side shows
of circuses, medical colleges and scientists.
Under the shoe industry one would
hardly expect to find persons sub-classed

judgers, fakers, plowers, sluggers, busters-
out, cripple chasers and pancake makers,
but there they are. Another man who will
be all in a class by himself when the work
is finished is a resident of Kansas City.
His sole business is to bottle smoke of
burning hickory logs. He claims that when
this smoke is let loose in an airtight com-
partment where meat has been hung it
will produce the same results upon the
meat as though it had been smoked in an
old-fashioned smoke house. Such titles as
“whittler,” in a straw hat factory; “tobles,”
a maker of stogies; “dock walloper,” a
longshoreman; “pouncer” in a hat-making
establishment; ‘“‘vibrator” in a clock fac-
tory; “tonger” in connection with oysters;
“teaser” in a glass factory, are some of the
other queer designations used by the Cen-
sus Bureau.

Indeed, there are as many women as
there are men who pursue odd ways of
earning money, one class of which would
be designated as “goats,” were a common
expression of the times used, for it is their
business to be “discharged” from the de-
partment stores in which they are “em-
ployed” a number of times each day, or
as often as necessity might demand. When
a grouchy or haughty customer makes com-
plaint of discourteous treatment, or what
not, against a clerk, one of the “goats” is
summoned to the office as the person in
charge of that particular department.
There she is given a good talking to before
the angry customer and summarily dis-
missed, and the complainant goes away re-
joicing.

Women policemen are becoming rather
commonplace. We have a woman chief of
police in Kansas; a town in Pennsylvania
boasts a fair deputy sheriff, who is a college
graduate, and Los Angeles was the first
city to appoint a woman to its police force.

One woman in Pennsylvania earns her
daily bread by raising Persian cats and
selling them for from twenty-five to one
hundred dollars each. She not infrequently
makes large sales to wealthy cat fanciers.
Still another woman in Maryland devotes
her time to pigeon raising, claiming her in-
come from the industry to be about $700
a year.

One of the most unique trades of the
entire list, however, is that carried on by
a man in Seattle. His business, and a
profitable one, too, is to secure the mus-
taches from walrus killed in Bering Straits
and sell them to the Chinese for toothpicks.
These stout bristles are plucked from the
nose of the walrus by Indians, tied into
small bundles and sold by him on the
Pacific Coast to agents who ship them to
China, where they are in great demand.
In an aged bull walrus the bristles are
about a foot long and nearly as thick as
a lead pencil. Besides being extremely
tough, they can, when made into picks, be
pushed between the teeth without injury
to the enamel. Last year this dealer cleared
something like a thousand dollars by his
traffic in walrus whiskers.

A NEW GERMAN AEROLOGICAL
STATION

GC ERMANY, which already possesses a
far greater number of institutions for
the exploration of the upper air than any
other country, is to have a new one, at
Rostock. That city has given the neces-
sary land, on which the station will be in-
stalled by Capt. Hildebrandt, of Berlin, and
Prof. Ktmmell, of Rostock. Besides the
usual observations with meteorological kites
and balloons, measurements of atmospheric
electricity and radioactivity will be made,

August, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v

REBUILDING MESSINA

HE United States Consul at Catania,

Italy, Mr. Arthur Garrels reports that
up to July 1, 1911, there had been no evi-
dence of any serious undertaking of actual
work in connection with the rebuilding of
the city of Messina, which was destroyed
by the earthquake in December, 1908. The
first two and one half years after the catas-
trophe were given over to the erection of
temporary shelters, some six or seven-per-
manent new buildings, and a desultory re-
moval of the débris from the main streets.

In July, 1911, systematic work was be-
gun under contracts let in sections by the
city for the removal of the débris from the
streets and building sites. Under the
scheme in operation the city advanced the
money, benefited property being assessed its
proportioned share, with a tax payable in
installments running through a period of
years. The plan of reconstruction embodies
a raise in the level and an extension of the
harbor front. This provided an easily ac-
cessible dumping ground. In the removal
of the débris, contractors’ railways with re-
versible cars and the ordinary Sicilian carts
are used. The rather steep incline of the
city’s surface toward the dumping ground
makes the use of the former economical and
efficacious. The loaded cars are run down
under their own gravity, the empties in long
strings at a time returned by horses.

On the site of what was the old city of
Messina not a-single new building had been
erected or even begun by December 31,
1911. In the district immediately adjacent
to the southern limits of the old city, which
lies between the latter and the section that
contains the frame temporary city, some 8
or 10 new buildings have been erected and
a number of partially demolished structures
remodeled, to conform with the new regu-
lations as to height and mode of construc-
tion. Governmental, municipal, and the
general business of shipping, etc., is still
carried on under temporary and makeshift
facilities.

WHEN TO PICK GRAPES

N order to have the right flavor and to

keep well, grapes must be ripened on the
vines, wherein they differ from many other
fruits. Instead of improving in quality after
being picked, they soon lose their sweetness
unless allowed to remain on the vines as
long as possible in order to ensure com-
plete ripeness. The amateur is often able
to protect his grapes from early frost by
covering the vines with a blanket or by
piling cornstalks or pine boughs among
them. The commercial grower may need
to use smudges to save his crop.

Grapes drop off the stems after they have
been picked if the atmosphere is too dry
and mold when it is too moist, so that they
are not easy to keep. Perhaps the best
plan is to store them in a cool but dry place
packed in single layers in dry cork waste,
such as may be obtained at the fruit stores
in the cities. Sheets of cotton will answer
as a substitute for the cork. People with
only a few grapes for home use will find
this a simple way to prolong the season and
to prevent the fruits spoiling before it is
eaten. SS

DEPARTMENT STORES IN CHINA

HE American idea of retail department

stores has appealed strongly to the pro-
gressive native element of the new Republic
of China, and the American Consul-General
at Hongkong reports the success of such
establishments recently opened there, organ-
ized and operated by the Chinese them-
selves, in accordance with up-to-date com-
mercial ideas.

Sample and ys A House Lined with

a Mineral Wool

Free

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

: Seam, U.S. Mineral Wool Co.
cross.section THrovaH Fioor. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY

VERTICAL SECTION,

Monoplanes and Biplanes

Their Design, Construction and Operation

The Application of Aerodynamic Theory, with a Complete
Description and Comparison of the Notable Types

By Grover Cleveland Loening, B.Sc., A.M., C.E.

N the many books that have already been written on aviation, this fasci-
nating subject has been handled largely, either in a very “popular” and
more or less incomplete manner, or in an atmosphere of mathematical

theory that puzzles beginners, and is often of little value to aviators themselves.
There is, consequently, a wide demand for a practical book on the subject-~
a book treating of the theory only on its direct relation to actual aeroplane
design and completely setting forth and discussing the prevailing practices in the
construction and operation of these machines. ‘‘ Monoplanes and Biplanes””
is a new and authoritative work that deals with the subject in precisely this
manner, and is invaluable to anyone interested in aviation.

It covers the entire subject of the aeroplane, its design, and the theory on which
its design is based, and contains a detailed description and discussion of thirtty-
eight of the more highly successful types.

12mo., (6x8%4 inches) 340 pages, 278 illustrations. Attractively bound in cloth.

Price $2.50 net, postpaid

An illustrated descriptive circular will be sent free on application.

Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers

361 Broadway, New York

Qeiviee@ HESS sma LOCKER

iy .
CARPETS, RUGS, UPHOLSTERY | TheOnly Modern, Sanitary
FABRICS, INTERIOR DECORATIONS STEEL Medicine Cabinet

. ° 2 5 or locker finished in snow-white, baked
Prices marked in plain figures everlasting enamel, inside and_ out.
will always be found EXCEED- Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
INGLY LOW when compared plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
with the best value obtainable

shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

elsewhere Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.
Geo.C. Funt Co. Should Be In Every Bathroom

©| Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
Me wall orto hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

The RecessedSteel HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
| Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

G SEAM
ROOF
IRONS

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

40-a7West 23°St. =. 24-28 West 24"St

» Tron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance
Gates of all designs and for all purposes.
Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished.

and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-
ture—Stable Fittings.

FE. CARPENTER CO., 253, Broadway

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

The Stephenson System

of Underground Refuse
Disposal

your and

Keep garbage

waste out of sight, under ground or below
fioor in

mos al Refuse Receivers

Sanitary, odorless, fly-proof, a clean back yard,
a fireproof disposi il of refuse in .
cellar, factory or garage.

Underground Earth Closet with port-
able steel house for contractors, farm
or camp.

Nine years on the market.
to look us up.
Sold direct. Send for circular.

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

It pays

THE aes AL

_y BIRD BATHS

will give your garden a new touch and
add greatly to its charm.

We make them in large variety to har-
monize with any surroundings.

Our new catalog U fully describes them.
It also contains many illustrations of foun-
tains, sundials, benches, vases, statuary,
etc. We will gladly mail it on request.

The Erkins Studios

The Largest Manufacturers of
Ornamental Stones
230 Lexington Ave., New York
Factory. Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents
Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

RAISING has male me thou-
sands of dollars on very little
capital and my spare time only.

It will do the same for you.

1 Jl teach you free and buy aJl you raise) Worth $6 a lb. now Yields
about 5090 Ibs. to the acre. Write for my easy natural method

T. H. SUTTON 606 Sherwood Ave., Louisville, Ky.

BILTMORE NURSERY

Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen Trees,
Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request.

Box 1284 Biltmore, N. C.

Details of Building

Construction

A collection of 33 plates of scale
drawings with introductory text

By CLARENCE A. MARTIN
Assistant Professor, College of Architecture,
Cornell University

This book is 10x!2% inches in size, and
substantially bound in cloth. Price $2

MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y.

HOME BUILDERS— SOME HELP
Beautiful homes—characteristic homes are not ac-
cidents, but the outgrowth of careful planning. The
biggest help in the preliminary steps is obtained
from a good architect’s book of designs and floor-
plans from which to cull ideas.

“DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS”

give endless suggestions, covering evcry phase of |
building. No. 1—35 designs, $1060 to $6000, $1.00; No. J
2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00; No. 3~Combin-
ing No.1 and2 $1.50. Stock plans priced in each

ese

book. Descriptive circular sent upon request. tN

mw? (U

~The Kauffman Compand- i

620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO t

ie SSseseseses SS25=25 sessed)

THE CHEMISTRY OF Es

HE average housewife may make good

tea or vile, says a writer in Harper's
Weekly, but in either case she knows noth-
ing of the inner secrets of the process—
that is to say, its chemistry. She may, led
by some fortunate instinct, brew the tea
only five minutes with perfectly satisfac-
tory results, or she may even boil it a long
time, securing a decoction that undoubtedly
“takes hold” in its awful strength; she may
talk about Orange Pekoe or Young Hyson
and green tea and black, but there her
knowledge ends.

Surely our forefathers or mothers have
had knowledge of tea-making long enough
for this same knowledge to be deep enough.
Pepys, in his Diary of September 28, 1660,
wrote: “I did send for a cup of tee, a
China drink, of which I had never drank
before.” For a thousand years or so be-
fore that date the Chinese had _ selfishly
enjoyed the beverage at home. However,
the Orient is now more than willing to
share that pleasure with us. The great
tea-drinkers outside of Asia—Russians,
English, and Americans—annually buy more
than seven hundred million pounds from
the Orient.

The tea-plant (Thea sinensis), a shrub
from three to six feet high, thrives in
China, Japan, India, and Java, though there
are a few small groves in Florida and Cali-
fornia. The leaves are picked three times
a year—in April, May, and the middle of
July. The first pickings are the best and
tenderest and make the finest grade of tea.
Of these first pickings we are most familiar
with Pekoe and Gunpowder. “Flowery
Pekoe” is, in fact, gathered so early that
the leaves are still covered with down.

The black teas are Oolong, Bohea, Con-
gou, Souchong, Caper-tea and Pekoe, and
among the green teas are Hyson, Young
Hyson, Hyson Skin, Twankay, Imperial
and Gunpowder. The difference between
the two colors is merely in the preparation,
although of course that affects the analysis.
Yet it is well known that tea from the same
shrub can be made into either green or
black.

Green teas are steamed thoroughly and
then rolled and carefully fired. This heat-
ing kills the enzyme which would other-
wise cause fermentation. Fermentation is
desired in making black teas, so in the lat-
ter process the leaves are rolled in heaps
and allowed to ferment before firing. The
Japanese, who export most of their green
tea for the American trade, steam the leaves
in a tray over boiling water, then heat them
on a tough paper membrane over an oven
and at the same time stir with the hand.
After this firing the tea is dried for some
hours and sieved. In the warehouse it may
be “faced” by heating iin large bowls with
the addition of certain pigments.

Our green teas come from China and
Japan for the most part, while India’s ex-
ports are largely of black teas sent to Eng-
land, where they are very popular.

These Indian and Ceylon teas are much
stronger than the China product, and the
English consider it economical to buy the
stronger grade.

The tea extract consists essentially of a
solution of a bitter alkaloid called caffeine,
an astringent substance called tannin or
tannic acid, and an essential oil giving
flavor to the brew. The caffeine in the dry
tea leaves amounts to two or three per
cent., while the tannin may vary from four
to ten per cent. Caffine alone tastes bitter,
and tannin alone is unpleasantly astringent,
yet a well-made tea has neither character-
istic, only a bland, smooth quality.

Tannin and caffeine, say these scientists,
unite in the proportion of three to one to
form caffeine tannate, a compound of pleas-
ant taste and possibly very different physi-
ological action from either constituent.
When the infusion contains more than
enough tannin to unite with caffeine—that
is, more than three times as much tannin
as caffeine—the astringent taste becomes
evident. On the other hand, if there is
more than one third as much caffeine as
tannia, the drink becomes slightly bitter.

Their conclusion, then, is that an ideal
infusion contains just three times as much
tannin as caffeine—exactly the right pro-
portion to form caffeine tannate. If this
balance cannot be found the second choice
is a tea containing a slight excess of caf-
feine. Such are the China teas. This con-
ception throws light on the making ot
“blends.” If a tea a little too rich in tan-
nin be mixed with one a little too rich in
caffeine a perfect tea may result yielding
an infusion with the proportion of tannin
to caffeine as three to one. The profes-
sional blenders themselves do not know why
they secure their results and are guided only
by the sense of taste.

TYPEWRITING MACHINES IN
CHINA

MPORTERS of American typewriting

machines report that recent changes in
Chinese political and commercial organiza-
tions are increasing their sales. There has
been a steady increase in the use of type-
writers among progressive Chinese busi-
ness houses for some time and the move-
ment toward modern things generally fol-
lowing the revolution is stimulating the
adoption of all such modern business con-
veniences. Foreign firms in the open ports
are also increasing the use of typewriters.
Until recently many of them still cor-
responded in handwriting and it has been
difficult to break some of the old and con-
servative firms away from such methods.
However, about 500 typewriters are now in
use among such firms in Hongkong at pres-
ent and at least 450 of these machines are
American. Purely Chinese firms are now
using perhaps fifty machines and more are
being sold daily. Business college instruc-
tion in various Hongkong schools is pro-
ducing a large and increasing force of
stenographers among young Chinese and
Eurasian people, so that the possible use
of typewriters to advantage is greatly in-
creasing.

It is difficult to ascertain the exact im-
portation of typewriters into China. Im-
ports of such machines in the national cus-
toms returns are included in other general
items. Details of imports of such machines
in various ports show importations of
typewriters to the value of $48,112 gold in
1910, of which about 60 per cent. go to
Shanghai, but these figures are incomplete
and the valuation is more or less empirical.
It is probable that imports of typewriters
into China and Hongkong now reach about
$100,000 annually and are likely to show a
notable increase.

CHICORY

HICORY, which is mixed extensively

with coffee in Russia, is scarcely im-
ported, as the home-grown chicory from
the central parts of the Empire furnishes
ample supply. Consul General Snodgrass
states that the seventeen chicory factories
are principally in Poland and the Baltic
Provinces, where the people use coffee to a
greater extent than Russians in general,
who are tea drinkers.

August, 1912

Sat

CN,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FOR SEPTEMBER

N article of unusual interest, touching upon a subject
A in aeronautics that has not heretofore received much
attention, will be Mr. Harold Donaldson Eberlein’s ‘“The
Aeroplane as a Factor in Civic Improvement,” which, finely
illustrated, will be the opening article in the September
number of AMERICAN Homes AND Garpens. Mr. Eber-
lein is one of the best writers on architectural subjects of
the day, and while this article for the September number
is mainly a forecast of future possibilities, in connection
with the utility of air-craft in the public service of civic
planning, it is full of interest and good sense and readers
will turn to it and find therein something wherewith to re-
fresh themselves.

UCH has appeared in periodical literature on the sub-

ject of Japanese gardens from time to time, but Mr.
Harold J. Shepstone’s article in the forthcoming number on
“The Real Japanese Garden,” is one which no garden
lover can afford to miss reading; inasmuch as it clearly de-
fines the real Japanese garden and points out the fact that
it is a thing apart, so far as a Japanese would consider the
matter, from the pseudo, so-called Japanese gardens that
have come to be numerous within the last three or four
years.

DELIGHTFUL mountain-side home designed and oc-

cupied by a woman architect will be described by Miss
Ida J. Burgess in this September number, fully illustrated
with reproductions of photographs by the author. ‘This
house is somewhat Japanesque in the motif of its exterior
design, and is one of the most attractive homes in the Cat-
skills. Another beautiful country home will be illustrated
and described in the September number, accompanied by
floor plans.

HE September center-page feature will be devoted to

the subject of Evergreens. Many handsome types suit-
able for the adornment of the home grounds will be shown.
Another horticultural article of value to the home garden-
maker will be one upon “The Peony,” giving much in-
formation as to when, what and where to plant these beau-
tiful perennials, which, after years of neglect, are again
coming into their own, winning from us to-day, as they do,
the admiration bestowed upon them in the days of our great-
grandmothers. Few perennials, if any, are so hardy, re-
quire so little care, or bloom so gorgeously and profusely.
Aside from this, few perennials present such a luxuriant
wealth of rich green foliage, and the Peony, in consequence,
is unsurpassed as a plant for lawns and borders and gar-
den masses.

HE article by Mr. Robert H. Van Court on a garden

house of originality in design will suggest what can be
done in reviving the French idea of a little house for rest
and recreation in one’s garden. he floor plan and pho-
tographic reproductions adequately illustrate this article.

OLD Fish and their care is the subject of a mono-

graph-in-little by Miss Ida D. Bennett and readers of
AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS will find this feature one
of absorbing interest. We have followed the Japanese in
our desire to add loveliness to every nook and corner of
our homes, and like the Japanese, we have come to under-

stand the fascination of watching gold fish playing in foun-
tains, pools, and within the confines of the indoor aqua-
rium. Everything one needs to know in the beginning
about raising gold fish will be found in Miss Bennett’s
article.

HE various departments of AMERICAN HoMEs AND

GARDENS, ‘“‘Within the House,” ‘Around the Garden,”’
and “Helps to the Housewife,” will, as usual, be filled with
practical suggestion. he readers of the magazine continue
to avail themselves of the Editor’s invitation to feel free
to ask information on various subjects connected with home-
building, connected both with the house and with garden-
making, and the publishers fully appreciate the many let-
ters constantly received from readers who are subscribers
and readers who intend to give expressions of their interest
in the magazine and their courteous acknowledgments of
its service to them.

SHORT MEASURE IN FOOD-PRODUCT CANS

Y a recent decision of the Board of Food and Drug

Inspection, reported in the U. S. Daily Consular and
Trade Reports, the practice indulged in by a small minority
of packers of only partly filling food-product cans, is de-
clared to be adulteration. The statement of the net weight
of canned-food containers is now required by eight States,
and a table of minimum net weights has been adopted by
the executive committee of the National Canners’ Associa-
tion. In view of the decision of the Board of Food In-
spection it has now been suggested that the cans be here-
after filled by measure instead of by weight. The text of
the decision is as follows: ‘‘The can in canned food pro-
ducts serves not only as a container but also as an index of
the quantity of food therein. It should be as full of food
as is practicable for packing and processing without injuring
the quality or appearance of the contents. Some food
products may be canned without the addition of any other
substances whatsoever—for example, tomatoes. The ad-
dition of water in such instances is deemed adulteration.
Other foods may require the addition of water, brine,
sugar, or sirup, either to combine with the food for its
proper preparation or for the purpose of sterilization—for
instance, peas. In this case the can should be packed as
full as practicable with the peas and should contain only
sufficient liquor to fill the interstices and cover the product.
Canned foods, therefore, will be deemed to be adulterated
if they are found to contain water, brine, sirup, sauce, or
similar substances in excess of the amount necessary for
their proper preparation and sterilization. It has come to
the notice of the department that pulp prepared from trim-
mings, cores, and other waste material is sometimes added
to canned tomatoes. It is the opinion of the board that
pulp is not a normal ingredient of canned tomatoes, and
such addition is therefore adulteration.”

HE form for the article, “An Old Colonial Farmhouse

That Became a Modern Home,” appearing on page
284, went to press crediting the authorship of this article to
Beatrice C. Wilcox. This article was written by Mrs.
Sarah Whitlock Jones, and we regret the oversight which
should have occasioned this mistake.

viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Modern ‘Seenias’ ‘Porch fitted wit Wilson’ Blinds

eecocls makes an Suldoes room of the otdic
; a room at night, a porch by day.

WILSON’S VENETIANS

for outside and inside of town and country
houses; very durable, convenient and artistic.

Special Outside Venetians
most practical and useful form of Venetian yet devised for porches
an windows; excludes
the sun; admits the breeze.

nary porch

Write for Venetian
Catalogue No. 5

Orders should be placed now
for Summer Delivery

Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co.
5 W. 29th St., New York

Also inside Venetians,
Rolling Partitions, Roll-
ing Steel Shutters, Bur-
glar and Fireproof Steel
Curtains, Wood Block

Floors.

Wilson's Porch and Piazza Blinds

RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE

The mostartistic and durable for Country Homes, Porches, Parks,
Lawns, etc. Ask your dealer for it. Catalogue free on request to

RUSTIC HICKORY FURNITURE CO., La Porte, Ind.

Just Published

Garages and Motor

Boat Houses

Compiled by
WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK

@ This work contains a collection of selected designs for
both private and commercial buildings, showing the very
latest ideas in their planning and construction.

@ There are 136 illustrations of garages and motor boat
houses, consisting of plans and exterior views reproduced |
from photographs.

@ These designs have been contributed by twenty-four
rel known architects from different sections of the United
States.

@ The book is divided into five sections as follows:

I. Private Country and Suburban Garages.
II. Private City Garages.

III, Suburban and City Public Garages.

IV. Motor Boat Garages.

V. Garage Equipment and Accessories.

@ Neatly bound in board and cloth. Size 7%4 x 10%
inches. 119 pages.

Price $2.00, Postpaid

MUNN & CO.,, Inc.

361 Broadway, New York

ee ES

MORGAN ,,788<¢, DOORS
HARDWOOD

are used in the best homes, specified by architects who

take pride in their work, and sold byresponsible dealers

everywhere—dealers who do not substitute.
TANTS for copy of ‘‘Door Beautiful.”

MORGAN CO., <5": Oshkosh, Wis.

JAIN Ss Look for this mark on the top rail J

The Sin Press

Job PRINTERS
Book

and

Fine
Art
Press
Catalog Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E. 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

CARAWAY SEED IN HOLLAND

HE American Consul in Amsterdam

furnishes interesting statistics of the
Caraway seed industry of Holland. Gron-
ingen, in the northeast corner, produces
more than any other Province, next being
North Holland, in which Amsterdam is
situated. In these two Provinces more
than half the Caraway-plant acreage is
found. In the whole country, in 1909, the
number of acres devoted to Caraway grow-

Ingewas: Wigb79 5 in) DOTS) 1OFON0 me hO Mele
20,337.
The average yield per hectare (2.471

24.1 bales of 50 kilos (110.23
pounds) each in 1909; 23.3 bales in 1910,
and 27.3 bales in 1911: The large yield
in 1911 is particularly noteworthy and in-
teresting because that was a year of re-
markable drought.

The total yield of Caraway seed in 1909
in this country was roundly 18,865,000
pounds; in 1910, 19,800,000 pounds; and
in 1911, 24,700,000 pounds. The declared
value of the exports of Caraway seed to the
United States from this district in 1909
was $115,611; in 1910, $82,247; and in
1911, $92,663. [The statistics of American
imports of Caraway and other seeds were
given in Daily Consular and Trade Re-
ports for May 13, 1912.]

Caraway seed is used for flavoring, and
also, perhaps less extensively, as a carmina-
tive. It is employed by confectioners,
distillers and perfumers in the prepara-
tion of liquors, cakes, sweetmeats, scented
soaps, etc. It depends for its aromatic
properties on a volatile oil, which is ob-
tained by bruising the seeds and distilling
them in water.

acres) was

THE HORSE IN HISTORY

HE early poets, says a writer in Our

Dumb Animals, always connected
beauty, majesty and even sublimity with
their idea of the noble horse, and it was the
companion of kings and of princes and the
terrible yet graceful accompaniment of
war. In Deuteronomy, Moses expressly
forbids the Israelites, in the event of elect-
ing from among themselves a king, to allow
him to “multiply to himself horses,’ and
thereby foster a lust for dominion and
belligerent propensities.

Egypt was undoubtedly in early times
the great breeding place of horses. At
Jacob’s funeral in Judea there came forth
from Egypt “chariots and horsemen, a very
great company.’ The Hebrews were pur-
sued into the Red Sea by Egyptian horse-
men, when horses and riders were over-
whelmed. Several centuries later, Solomon
obtained all his fine horses from Egypt, and
this concurs with the narratives of the
Greek writers.

According to them, Sesostris was the first
professor of the art of horsemanship and
taught his countrymen how to tame and
ride the noble animal. In the time of
Solomon the price of a horse from Egypt
averaged 150 shekels which, according to
computation, would be’ about $52.50, a
large sum in those days. In Xenophon’s
time, six hundred years later than Solomon,
the price of a good charger was about fifty
daaks, $137.50, at least that is the
recorded price paid) or )aihraciani by
Xenophon himself for the steed on which
he rode during his celebrated retreat.
After the Egyptians, the Arabs next be-
came breeders of celebrated horses. These
people developed a type so beautiful, in-
telligent and faithful that there are many
who believe that the horse reached his
crowning glory under his Arabian masters.

August, 1912

For a Most Beautiful Lawn

ag turf. For aan new lawns or pufting
lawn nothing equals

Packed in 6 pound boxes at 61.00 per box, express paid east
or 61.25 west of Omaha. rite and ask for prices on 8 tal
mixtures for special locations and purposes. Order today
and have the best seed money can buy. Get ourfreelawn book.

THE KALAKA CO., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Exclusive fabrics

of soft, selected

camel’ shairwoven

Sin undyed natu-

ral color. Also

pure wool, dyed in

any color or com-

“7 bination of colors.

Any length. Any

width—seamless up to

: 16 feet. The finishing

"Vay iy, : touch of individuality.

Ee . Made on short notice. Write

choose for color card. Order through
the colors,

A your furnisher.
Ir THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, Auburn, N. Y,

Made-to-order
rugs for porch,
bungalow or
Summer /
home

JUST. PUBL TS Hebe

THIRD EDITION OF

KIDDER’S
Churches » Chapels

By F. E. KIDDER, Architect

The Best American Book on
Church Design and Construction

One oblong quarto volume. ‘Price, net, $3.00

MuNN & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, N.Y. City

EFAS Y LESSONS
OR, STEPPING STONE TO

ARCHITECTURE

By THOMAS MITCHELL

SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a

series of plain and simple answers to

questions all about the various orders as
well as the general principles of construction.
The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy
cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav-
ings, amongst which are illustrations of various
historic buildings. ‘The book is 12mo in size,
and is attractively bound in cloth.

PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID

Munn & Co., INc., 361 Broadway, New York

en ae La he

J PILI, OK
Ke Sere REC

SONTEN TS FOR AUGUST, 1912

Js, LLG COMIN IDLO CIR UO eae ban ee Frontispiece
MENE Bee MODEL EDM AOUSE ei ee seats oh ea cled es See ed ns aed ene By Gardner Teall 267
PEESARN SIREN AT DE CAMBE VAUIAOUSE.. (5. 02506. ele ge vcd suwdeave By Beatrice C. Wilcox 271
\\OMTEN) [PORN ( ASG 6.2 ne cee By Harry Martin Yeomans 274
PECOUNTRY HOUSE FROM AN OLp MILL... ....0...0. 00. 00005 By Robert H. Van Court 277
Every GARDEN SHOULD HAVE A FOUNTAIN IF POSSIBLE ..........02.0000seeceeeee 282-283
AN OLD CoLonIAL FARMHOUSE THAT BECAME A MopeRN Home..... By Sara W. Jones 284
LBS GEIR ANSTAGRICUS | aia ecient Cane at a a By F. F. Rockwell 289
ME SPUNICeAND MDE CORATIVE ART. cies coh oe foe ok de a Win se bene ais etal oO By Henry Hollis 293
WITHIN THE House:

ite Wecorationmot Wemodeled Farmbliouses... 04.5. ....020.-%.2-0e+-0+ 050: pie 2 O4
AROUND THE GARDEN:

Tine A rails Gennaio a ones ext cneaes saa ORE en 296
HELPs To THE HouseEwIFE:

MitesMramingaot Our Girls... oko es es he ee dee ens By Elizabeth Atwood 298
Planning the Poultry House New Books Editor’s Note Book

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President MUNN & CO. 4 [snee Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitte

Photograph by T. C. Turner

Nearly every old house of the Colonial period has a doorway whose main features, simple though they may be, are usually well worth preserving

The Remodeled House

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by T. C. Turner

= soamg)| HE making of a house is one of the occupa-
BRSay Serr agi, - : ea a ;
Ne op 4iq|| tions of man that is as joyful in its pursuit
Y aX as it is in its ancestry. Fortunately for the

“4|| full measure of happiness, the human race
is compounded by a multitude of tempera-
ments. There is the man and the woman
to whom the things of yesterday appeal by reason of their
association with interesting events in history, even though
history be local, and again we find the man and the woman
to whom to-morrow seems to be the vital objective point for

happy endeavor. We will expect to find them among
home-makers the world over, those who linger fondly over
the memories of the old home, to whom such memories
carry delightful suggestions of connection with every old
house they happen to come upon, and those others whose
eagerness to construct, specializes upon the things that are
new—new foundations, new walls, new roofs, new furnish-
ings, and whose whole lives, in a sense may be characterized
by their pleasure in the whole aspect of newness and of
novelty. Of course, it is true, that in making a home one

This picturesque old stone farmhouse required yery little external remodeling to make its interior light and roomy

268

Me As LS Te TG be te ? “

is not always able to choose either location or materials;
sometimes the distressing situation occurs where the man
and the woman who long for a new house must live in an
old one, and of the uncongenial atmosphere of perpetual
newness forced upon the man and the woman who wish
they might surround themselves with the old things dear to
their hearts, things for which they yearn through the tra-
ditions of their instinct. So it comes to pass that between
the extremes of those home-makers who may do as they
please—make new houses for their homes or make their
homes in old houses, we have the whole range of home-
makers to whom the prob-
lem of the house-to-be seems
to shape itself into a very in-
dividual one, when the vast
variety of individual circum-
stances is taken into account.
I do not think our civiliza-
tion permits us to dictate to
the peace-abiding citizen
what he should do in the
matter of choosing a home,
beyond giving him a few
hints, when one happens to
be called upon to give them,
of pitfalls to be avoided, if
there are such that prove to
be public and general men-
aces that may come in his
way. Instead, to be most
helpful to the American

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The remodeling here has been skilfully carried out, the details of the shutters and entry lending pleasing contrast in the design

View of the remodeled house from the lawn front

August, 1912

home-maker it is the wiser course to place before him the
materials that go to make up the pros and cons of the
question of choosing a home, permitting those to whose
notice they come to decide for themselves, whether or not
this idea or that one may prove helpful to their needs.
Thus it happens that one suggestion appeals to one man
or to one woman, and another one to another. However,
it would be difficult to find anyone to whom the subject of
the remodeled house held no interest, fraught, as it is with
so many problems that must lie close to the hearts of every
home-maker, regardless of the measure or the quality of
sentiment he may possess.

There prevails an impres-
sion that remodeling a house
is a much cheaper undertak-
ing than that of building one,
but it all depends upon the
house. It would hardly be
safe to suggest remodeling
an old house as an expedient
for economy. If the struct-
ure were of goodly extent
and required much interior
and exterior alteration, it
would probably be found
cheaper to rear an entirely
new dwelling from founda-
tion to roof. However, if
as very often it happens, one
comes across an old house
suited to the taste and re-

August, I912

The stairway

quirements of the discoverers, a house they would find
wholly livable with but few architectural changes, then
added to the interest always incident to planning ingenious
changes there would be the incentive of economy as against
the expenditure requisite for an entirely new dwelling house.

Old houses that have knit themselves to
their sites through the years of their exist-
ence seem to transmit, as an atmospheric
heritage, a charm to their remodeled exist-
ences. [hat seems to be true of the old
stone Colonial farmhouse here illustrated.
This was built in 1786, and was recon-
structed by Mr. A. F. Norris, architect,
New York. Even in its original state, as

will be seen in the reproduction of a photo- -

graph in Mr. Norris’s possession, of the
house before remodeling, which accompa-
nies this article, the quaint homestead was
picturesque and attractive and could not fail
to awaken an interest as offering to the
architect and home-builder alike, an excel-
lent opportunity to display skill and good
taste in adapting the old structure to meet
all of the necessary modern requirements.

A study of the floor plans discloses the
original exterior stone walls, as one finds

them indicated by the heavier lines of the diagrams. Nearly
all old houses of the type such as this was, followed the
same general plan of a parallegram divided through the
center by a square, narrow entry-hall, flanked on either side
by large, square rooms, or by a square room on one side,

The living-room

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

—

PIAZZA LIVING DINING
Room Room |

Floor plans of the house

and two rooms half the size on the other.
this house, the room to the right has been retained and has
become the dining-room, the house having been extended
by a rear wing to supply the adjoining kitchen, which is
reached through a well-placed pantry.

In remodeling

The living-room
and the hallway have been thrown together
and as they open upon the dining-room
through a wide arch, a sense of spaciousness
is given to the whole first floor that is one
of its pleasantest features, and it has also
made this floor light and exceedingly cheery.

From the end of the living-room two
French windows either side of the large old-
fashioned fireplace open upon a_ broad
porch, partly enclosed by lattice work and
forming a sort of out-door living-room.
This porch is roofed by a projection of the
second story, which thus makes possible the
large bed-chamber shown in the left on the
second floor plan. Originally, the house
had all-lighted upper chambers, but the
addition of generous dormer windows
has turned the remodeled upper chambers
into bright and habitable bedrooms, as will
be seen in the accompanying illustration,
and it will also be seen, by studying the re-

production of the rear of the house, that the rear slope
roof to the right of the kitchen wing has been raised and
the wall run up by a frame addition.
all the first story walls might have been of stone, neverthe-
less the frame wing appears in harmonious contrast when

Of course, one wishes

One of the bedrooms

270

seen in its actuality, which
unfortunately, it is not possi-
ble for a photograph to
make so evident.

The fireplace in the din-
ing-room facing the one in
the living-room at the oppo-
site end of the house is one
of the best features of the
house. In Winter time the
glowing logs in both rooms
seem to vie, one with the
other, in creating an atmos-
phere of cheeriness, at which
time there seems, more than
ever, a lack of a formal di-
viding-line in the arrange-
ment of these two rooms
that occupy the ground floor
area of the original house. The fenestration has been suc-
cessfully maintained in the old portion of the dwelling, and
well thought out in the new, both as regards interior and
exterior effect. In the various illustrations accompanying
this article one will notice how valuable an accessory to its
exterior appearance is the old tree which stands near the
entrance door. The owners have wisely chosen to let it
remain and the branches form an interesting attribute to
the house in its Winter aspect.

This suggests the value of appropriate planting when
planning the remodeling of an old house. It is remarkable
how a few shrubs, properly placed, will transform even the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

View of the Warren house showing frame wing and latticed porch

August, 1912

commonplaceness of merely
bare architecture into an en-
tirely satisfactory state. In
deliberating over the choice
of an old house and the mak-
ing it into a new one, this
subject of planting for effect
should be studied in order to
anticipate, in the mind’s eye,
the vision of the remodeled
house in a setting of green-
ery suited to its traditions.
If the old house needs but
few changes and boasts of
more than fifty years of ex-
istence, there will be Lilacs,
Rambling Red Roses, Syrin-
gos, Barberry Bushes and
the like that will belong to it
by right of association and tradition. Then there will be
Hawthorns and other flowering trees to make Springtime
in such a home more joyous and reminiscent of the old days
when the reconstructed house helped, perhaps, to make his-
tory. I know a little village in Massachusetts where I have
passed many happy Summers. Few strangers have come its
way, and it still remains unspoilt and natural without ap-
pearing primative. As the years bring within its precincts
the innovations of progress and local prosperity keeps apace
with the signs of the times, the villagers, and the happy out-
siders, who have there sought to make their Summer homes,
(Continued on page 297)

In order to meet the space requirements of the owners, a frame extension was added to the rear of the original structure and also the upper story
wing shown in the right of the above illustration

August, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

271

This shows how good taste and ingenuity, applied to problems of remodeling, can turn an ugly old structure into a thoroughly attractive dwelling

A Barn That Became a House

By Beatrice C. Wilcox
Photographs by Alice Boughton

ANY of the large, well-built barns of a past
generation have been transformed into Sum-
mer dwellings, by people who love the space
and freedom of a large, central living-room
and the simplified housekeeping which is
a great deal easier in the old barn dimen-

sions than in the conventional house.

On one of the pleasantest of the
Long Island country roads, there is
to be seen one of these made-over
barns, which now presents the ap-
pearance of a quaint, gray-shingled
house with a green roof, and a large
brick chimney in the middle. There
are many diamond-paned windows
set along the sides, and a little porch
at the side door with a balcony
above it.

The great living-room is about
twenty-five by thirty-five feet in size,
and in the central space rises to the
full height of the barn. The two
haylofts project over either end of
this room and form a second story
in which are four bedrooms. The

The house was originally an old Long ind barn

huge brick chimney is between this large room and the
former stable, which has now become the dining-room and
kitchen combined. ‘The open fire places add not a little to
the homelike aspect of the place.

Above the kitchen and dining-room there is a fifth bed-
room and a modern bathroom with hot water attachments
from the range in the kitchen. The
plumbing and heating arrangements
are so good that the barn may be
used for week-end parties in the
Winter, and the remodeling has
been done in such a way that a part
of the space can be shut off and made
snug for Winter quarters.

The family of five, who formerly
lived in the old house on the place,
have lived for several years in their
barn and have found it very easy to
do their own work, with the help of
one man, who comes by the day.
This solved the problem of servants,
which is always a difficult one in the
Country. The three daughters were
artistic and practical at the same
time, and when they began to plan

= 5 este

B72

the remodeled barn

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

ing, where it makes a

there was ample
scope for their tal-
ents in both direc-
tions.

The scheme did
not develop all at
once. The family
had spent their Sum-
mers for many years

shelter from the rain.

The various inter-
"+, esting “and! Sartisric
| ou | parts of this Sum-
i”; mer home were col-
Windmill lected at different
times. When the
family decided to re-
model the barn and

in the old place, and f
the barn had always f
been the favorite

spot for play and
work, because there
Wis more space,
more sunlight and

Work shop
: R Dining Room
Band Kilchen |

/ live in it, they found
i they had many useful
and ornamental ob-
' jects which they had
| i“ {gathered by a natunal
\ “process of accumula-
\ tion, and which were

more freedom there.
The girls used it for
sewing, or painting,
or practicing. It was fine for picnics and amateur theatri-
cals, and it meant much more to them than just a barn, long
before they thought of making their everyday home in its
old gray walls.

To be sure the horse and the cow and the chickens lived
in various parts of the old barn in those days, and the lofts
were filled with hay, but still there were large possibilities in
the space that was left. There is a windmill at one end which
pumps the water for both house and barn. From this wind-
mill to the barn there is a curious little bridge at about the
height of the eaves. This bridge has its touch of romance,
for it was built by the girls’ grandfather, who ran away to
sea in his youth and then came home and became an archi-
tect. The bridge is a sort of lookout, and from there one
can see the ocean and the white sails of fishing boats. Here
the grandfather could catch glimpses of the sea he had once
loved so well. The little bridge now serves a double pur-
pose, as a portico over the front entrance of the barn-dwell-

One of the ends of the spacious living-room

Floor plans of the house

stored in the hay of
the barn itself.

Among these treas-
ures were the diamond-paned windows which came from
an old church that was being remodeled. Since the win-
dows were handmade, each one was found to be of a slightly
different size, much to the despair of the carpenter who set
them in the barn.

From another old church, which was torn down, came
the four wooden columns, hand-carved and colored, which
have been used in the living-room. An old, oaken church
settle came from a second-hand shop in New York city.

The sandstone font, which makes such a delightful foun-
tain and basin for the birds, came from another old, dis-
mantled church. ‘his is at the front of the barn under
the windmill. Valsora Burdock is the child who dabbles
her hands in the fountain. Like all the neighborhood chil-
dren she finds many strange and fascinating things in this
transformed barn. The ornamental iron work, which is at
the back of the basin and through which the faucet comes,
concealing the lead pipe, is one of the iron grills or guards

The drinking fountain by the windmill

August, 1912

The old barn before remodeling

which are often seen outside the windows of old-fashioned
houses, where the windows come to the floor and there is
danger of people falling out. This idea was picked up in
Paris, where discarded iron firebacks are used behind the
fountains in ghe courtyards to keep the water from splash-
ing. The faucets come through the iron work in the same
way.

ee other things were at hand which had been pre-
served because they were beautiful or useful, for the family
had had a vague idea for a long time that they might some-
time make over this barn, and they had plenty of space in
which to keep their things.

When it was finally de-
cided to try the experiment
of simplified living, a radical
move was made, much to the
disapproval of country neigh-
bors, who saw no advantage
in living in a barn. All the
animals and poultry on the
place were disposed of.
Country eggs and country
milk could be purchased, and
a horse could be hired. Not
only did the family need the
living quarters of the beasts,
but with their removal a vast
amount of work and worry
was eliminated, and if the
whole family wished to go
away for a few days there
were no living things to be
provided for. This was the
first step.

The _ chicken-house has
now become a workshop, the
horse’s paddock a vegetable
garden, the cow-shed a ga-
rage, the stable a dining-
room and kitchen, and the
haylofts are bedrooms.

After the animals had
been turned out of their
apartments, the barn was

thoroughly cleaned, the great
brick chimney was built in,
new floors were put down,
new doors were cut, the dia-
mond-paned windows were
set in, and the whole barn
was covered with shingles

Stairway corner of the living-room

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 273

Are

?
g Tih i (t i Pad * ae
: Bie. ' j

The house after the transformation

under which were a layer of builders’ paper and a layer of
tar paper. Under the great pointed roof, in the main room,
the shingles, which are green, show through between the
old, brown rafters, making a pleasing effect of color. These
shingles are of cypress wood, from the cypress swamps of
Florida, and are made by hand by the negroes, in their
leisure time. They are considered the best kind of shingles,
but the supply is uncertain, because the negroes only make
them when they have nothing else to do.

The rooms are panelled on the inside with a series of
doors set in upside down, so that the larger panelling comes

at the bottom and gives a
good wainscot effect. A car-
load of unstained pine doors
was sent for, and the girls
stained them themselves with
a preparation of walnut
shells boiled down in water.
This is a very good stain and
can be made either light or
dark.

The first step in the prob-
lem of simplified living hay-
ing been the disposal of the
animals, the second was the
reduction of the number of
rooms to be cared for. The
house had twelve rooms and
the barn comfortably accom-
modates the same family in
seven.

The five bedrooms are
simply but daintily furnished.
The walls are covered with
terra cotta builder’s paper
and the partitions are formed
of the stained, pine doors.
There is a stairway from the
dining-room to the bedrooms
above and another little stair-
way comes down into the
living-room. The two stair-
ways are connected by a
small landing, so that the
bedrooms may be entered
from either down-stairs
room.

The third, and perhaps
the most important part of
the plan, was to simplify the

(Continued on page 295)

274 AMERICAN HOMES AND

Pnmmaaitns

sihettiatte

ah ., % A all

DAA

GARDENS

August, 1912

There is nothing that makes a porch so delightfully home-like as well-chosen woven furniture, whether it is of willow or of rattan

Woven Furniture

By Harry Martin Yeomans

Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and T. C. Turner

toned rattan and is known chiefly by the “Canton” or “hour-
glass” chair, which is one of those useful pieces of furniture
which possesses the virtue of looking well no matter where
it is placed. The discerning homemaker has long appre-
ciated its adaptability and as an extra chair for living-room,
informal sitting-room or studio, it cannot be excelled. This

sq N TIL a few years ago the only woven fur-
niture of American manufacture which could
be found in the shops was so over-elaborate
in detail and of such poor design that it was
rejected by persons of discriminating taste
and so gradually fell into well-merited disuse.

But a revival of interest in all matters
pertaining to weaving, basketry and the
handicrafts has brought woven furniture to
the fore again, and much time and thought
has been expended on designing woven
furniture of willow and rattan. The shapes
are simple, so that the material used in their
construction adapts itself readily to the
honest, straightforward designs which have
redeemed this style of furniture, and have
made it worthy of our consideration when
furnishing the home.

The Chinese rattan furniture, known as
“Canton Furniture,’ has been imported
steadily by the shops that deal in products
from the Orient. It consists mostly of
chairs, settees and tabourets of a brown-

A comfortable willow armchair

Chinese furniture is exceedingly handsome
for the porch or terrace and the dampness
has no injurious effects.

Furniture of closely-woven rattan, after
designs which reflect the modern Viennese
art movement, is substantial and dignified
and its brown stained surface suggests its
being used in a living-room with a brown
and yellow color scheme.

It is willow furniture of American make,
however, upon which the homemaker must
depend when furnishing, as it is especially
appropriate for the little country house and
there is no limit to its possibilities. From
being used as an “‘occasional” or easy chair,
this comfortable and satisfying furniture
has gradually grown in scope and now

August, 1912

An out-door porch dining-room with willow furniture

comes in such a variety of shapes, that almost any room
in a house can be appropriately and artistically furnished
in willow.

The shops show not only chairs, tables intended for vari-
ous uses, desks and the regulation pieces of furniture which
one would expect to find in this material, but there are also
electric lamps, with shades, candlesticks, wood-baskets to
hold fuel for the open fire, swings for the porch, Waterford
thrush cages, which look as though they should be hanging
in the windows of thatched English cottages, tea-trays, tea-
carts and beds. The last are not entirely of willow, how-
ever, being constructed of mahogany or ash with woven
willow panels set in the head and footboards.

Among the interesting and convenient things which are
being shown are the tea-tables, which can be easily moved
about owing to their light weight. One had a shelf arrange-
ment about eighteen inches below the top, divided into three
sections, which gave additional space for cups and refresh-
ments when serving tea. Other tea-tables, both round and
rectangular in shape, had trays fitted into their tops so that
the tray could not slide off when the table was carried about.
These tray-tops were of gaily colored cretonne under glass,
with rims and handles of willow, the glass making a flat,
even surface, upon which to place the tea things.

The tea-cart is a two-story, rectangular tea-table on
wheels, with a removable tray-top, and facilitates the serv-
ing of tea on a terrace or a piazza, as the cart can be
wheeled from place to place.

The Brook Club Chair is a homelike and comely-looking
chair, having a padded seat, back and arms. It suggests rest
and repose in every line, and it and kindred shapes are ideal
for a library or a living-room.

A living porch fitted with willow furniture

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 2

~I
a |

A willow lamp, Eiteqic

Another chair has pockets on the arms to hold books
and magazines, but when used as a sewing-chair these
pockets are lined so as to prevent spools and other small
articles from dropping through.

Swinging-seats or porch-swings, long enough to hold three
or four persons, are attractive to those who have succumbed
to the habit of being swung lazily to and fro. As they are
supported by stands which rest on the ground, these swing-

A woven lamp, oil

276 AMERICAN
ing-seats can be used in any
part of the house or the
home grounds.

he Fire Island Light
electric lamp has a little door
in the base, making a little
closet where the electric cord
and plug can be tucked away,
when the lamp is not con-
nected for use. The shade
is lined with Priscilla silk of
any desired shade, but cream
or yellow makes the best lin-
ing and gives an agreeable
light.

One objection to willow
tables and desks has been
that they were not practical
owing to the weaving of the
willow, resulting in an un-
even top. Tables and desks
are now being made with

wooden tops, which over-
comes. this objectionable
feature.

The Japanese baskets of
split bamboo are imported in
an endless variety of shapes
and sizes and naturally sug-
gest themselves when one is
discussing woven furniture.
The low, flat baskets—you
might almost call them trays
—are just the thing for hold-
ing fruit in the country dining-room, while others have
metal linings and make attractive flower-holders and fern-
eries. In the illustration may be seen a charming little
Japanese basket which has been transformed into a beauti-
ful lamp, and a metal-lined umbrella stand of heavy, split
bamboo is also shown, which would fit admirably into a
hallway having a brown stained wood trim.

Willow furniture can be used in its natural or white state
on porches or in outdoor living-rooms, where it will gradu-
ally weather and lose its newness, but it is perferable to
hurry the process by having it treated to a coat of good
brown stain, which will tone down the willow so as to produce

-color scheme is desirable,
the willow should be
stained, painted or enam-
eled to blend harmoniously

A novelty in woven furniture

HOMES AND GARDENS

These woven chairs, imported from Asia, are cheap and wear well

the desired effectiveness. °
Tiny ithe: Slittle’ = country
house where a consistent

August, 1912

with the dominant color in
-the room; enameled willow
being very pleasing in a
dainty bedroom.

Willow furniture and the
flower-bedecked _—_ cretonnes
and chintzes seem by right to
have been made for each
other and enable one to
transform any room into a
veritable flower garden.
With plain walls, flowered
chintz hangings at the win-
dows, cushions of the same
material, and the furniture
toned to harmonize, one will
nave a bright, cheerful and
refreshing room.

The painting of the furni-
ture is so cleverly done that
it is an art in itself. Two or
more tones of the same color
are usually employed. The
paint is thinned and the fur-
niture treated to two coats
of the lighter color. When
this is dry a coat of the
darker color is brushed over,
= .and when nearly dry it is
“wiped off with a cloth. This
allows the lighter color to
show through while the
darker color forms deep
shadows in the crevices. In
this manner one gets interesting highlights, a result which
is much more beautiful than when only one color is used.
Paint that has a dull, flat surface when dry is best for this
purpose.

Sometimes two different colors are used on the same piece
of furniture. This effect was noticed in some willow furni-
ture which was to be used in conjunction with an English
cretonne having peacocks on a dark écru background. The
walls of the room were to be covered with an écru oatmeal
paper, ivory-white woodwork, the peacock cretonne to be
hung at the windows and used for chair cushions, while the
willow chairs and settee had been painted, first, a dark
green and then a wonderful
shade of peacock blue,’ |
which had been wiped off ©
when partly dry and al- |
lowed the green underneath
to show through. By car-

(Continued on page 295)

Lea aN TENE LGN AGE LORE Bi ERGOT RR IE BS

ome

EERO MELTS

August, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS 2

~I
|

A Country House

from an Old Mill

By Robert H. Van Court

WHOLE wealth of possibilities lie hidden
in the remodeling of any old and antiquated
building. This interest is increased, per-
haps, when the old structure has completed
its period of usefulness in the service for
which it was built and is to be adapted to a
new and altogether different purpose, and the task becomes
fascinating when a building not originally intended as a
dwelling is to be converted into a country home with all
the interest which skillful designing and careful planning
can create. All this is true of a problem which has recently
been worked out not far from New York city.

Upon the shores of Lake George stood an old mill which
had been abandoned. Placed in extensive grounds, in the
midst of beautiful country, and not far from the water of
which it commanded an inspiring view, and surrounded by
a forest of old pines, it offered a wonderful opportunity
for developing the beauty of a large country home from the
ruin and chaos of an old manufacturing building. The suc-
cessful result which has been attained is the outcome of
careful study and sympathetic treatment at the hands of
Messrs. Hewitt & Bottomley, architects, of New York.
The old building was of wood upon a heavy foundation of
stone and brick upon which an even earlier structure had

been reared, and the old mill wheel was in place at one side
where a swift running stream, climbing over rocks and be-
tween boulders, had been dammed. The walls were leaning
but their builders had used timbers which were strong and
durable and a general “‘truing up” of vertical proportions

“

3 A fey of the old mallee it Srey appeared

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August,

Igi2

A view of the Pikeaeroan

eventually restored the framework to its original strength.

In the wonderfully interesting and beautiful country house
which now looks out upon the lake it is dificult to recognize
the outlines of the old mill; the outlines are there but care-
ful remodeling has done much to correct and beautify
them. ‘The result of the alterations.is a house of rough
cast upon metal lathing which was applied directly to the
strong frame of the original building. The old stone work
has been retained and material from the same quarries, laid
in the same manner, has been used in the chimneys and else-
where where additional stone work was required, and so
carefully has this been done that it is impossible to tell
where the old ends and the new begins, which is, after all,
one of the hardest tests of really successful restorations.
The mill as the architect found it presented many serious
difficulties, the chief being that it was exceedingly lofty for
the amount of ground which it covered, for upon one side
it was five stories high. This produced the effect of its
rising abruptly into the air, and reducing this apparent
height without decreasing the amount of space within the
building has been cleverly done by laying all possible em-
phasis upon the horizontal lines of the house and its im-
mediate surroundings and by retaining as far as possible
the unbroken skyline and broad expanse of roof.

The main entrance to this little country estate is marked
by a low wall and simple piers of native stone, and a tiny
lodge which is being rapidly covered with ivy is placed near
the gate. This little building is garage and chaufteur’s rooms
as well as entrance lodge, and its being arranged to serve
a practical as well as a decorative purpose is part of the
careful planning which has made these alterations so inter-
esting. From the entrance a broad drive winds through
the grounds, crossing the mill stream upon a bridge of the
same stone of which the old foundations of the mill were
built, and terminating in a sweeping circle before the en-
trance. The service-yard and steamer dock are reached
through another entrance and from the house walks lead
to a tennis court, a vegetable garden, a sandy beach and a
cove where the brook flows into the lake, and the small inlet
which is outlined by a low wall of stone and forms a harbor
for rowboats and motor launches of light draft.

The house is planned with two fronts, one facing the
approach and another overlooking the waters of the lake.
Near the service entrance is a small building used for stor-
ing ice and connected with the house by a low wall in which
panels of lattice work are inserted. This forms a drying-
yard and unifies what would otherwise be a group of several
buildings by creating a strong horizontal dimension. ‘This
purpose is further served by the use of wooden panels,

One end of the living-room

trellises, arches and screens which are used elsewhere, by
the retaining wall of stone near the entrance to the house
and by the low wall which encloses a grass terrace at the
point where the height of the house is the greatest. At this
same side of the house there is built up a paved terrace or
pergola upon high stone walls. A toolroom occupies the
space below, and the heavy timbers above, upon which vines
are being trained, accentuate the general “‘lowering”’ effect,
which is also helped by the use of window boxes and by the
placing of windows in broad horizontal groups.

The main entrance to the house is into a small square hall
divided from the hall proper by fluted columns and pilas-
ters. ‘To the left of this little hall is a small reception-room
furnished very simply with cane furniture, wall and floor
coverings of plain gray, and curtains and chair cushions of
flowered taffeta; upon the right of the hall is the stairway
to the floors above. Tall white columns open into the long
hall which extends through the house and opens at the far

The pergola is set upon the high stone walls of the old structure

August, 1912

A glimpse of the lake is had from the hall

end upon a broad flagged terrace which overlooks the estate,
the blue waters of the lake and the mountains, covered with
vegetation, which loom up beyond. At one side of this
long dividing-hall, the open library and the living-room are
placed so that these rooms, which are those most lived in,
may secure the most attractive outlook. Upon the opposite
side is the dining-room and a small service-hall connects
the main hall and the dining-room with kitchen, pantry and
other servants’ quarters beyond. The feeling created in
this beautiful house is that of being out-of-doors. The long
hall of the main floor is closed at the end by French
windows which seem to bring the water and the hills very
near, and large windows everywhere show nature close at
hand. This feeling of openness is strengthened, perhaps,
by the broad doorways and the character of the furnishings,
for everywhere are white woodwork and coverings for walls
and floors of soft grays and greens with foliage ettects, all
of which form a background for mahogany in furniture,
stair-rails and frames in which are hung old English prints.

i d ch

Horizontal dimensions are emphasized everywhere

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS

219

Hall, looking toward the entrance doorway

The furniture is neither Sheraton nor Chippendale, but of
American design, made perhaps fifty or sixty years ago.
Much of it consists of chairs and “‘sofas’” which were prob-
ably covered originally with black horsehair and which are
often associated with the decadent period of American deco-
ration and furnishing. Covered, as they are here, with
tasteful and appropriate fabrics, they may be said to have
come into their own, and their use confers a certain char-
acter upon the room in which they are placed. A great deal
of the furniture throughout the house was made, and has
always been used, in the country near by, and its use here
is therefore particularly appropriate as identifying both
house and furnishings with the environment in which they
are set. The mantels throughout the house are in many
cases of old work which has been removed from other
buildings, and the woodwork has been carefully designed to
agree with them. ‘The simplest of curtains have been used
and are chiefly sash curtains and straight draperies pushed
back merely to frame the windows and the glorious out-
looks at hand upon every side.

Upon the second floor are arranged five bedrooms and
a small sitting-room which occupies the space at the end of
the upper-hall which, like that below, divides the house.
Three of these rooms are provided with bathrooms of their
own and the other bedrooms connect almost directly with
another bath. In the upper story are quarters for servants
which, through the service-hall upon the second floor, are
connected with kitchen, pantry and servants’ dining-room,
and this arrangement throughout the building entirely
separates the servants’ portion of the house from that part
intended for the family. Fully half of the space in this
upper story is devoted to three guestrooms, a bathroom
and the long corridor upon which all of these rooms open.
Some of the windows here are recessed in deep dormers,
from which are had most inspiring vistas of forest, lake
and hills.

A short flight of steps from the main hall leads to the
basement where, upon the side toward the lake, a billiard-
room has been arranged. Owing to the abrupt slope of
the ground this room is entirely above the surface and the
thick walls which are the original masonry of the old mill
are of stone pieced out with brick above windows and
around doors. The inner walls and the floor are also of
stone and at one end of the room, opposite the fireplace,
a group of windows overlooks a grass terrace enclosed by
a low wall. French windows also open onto a wide veranda
flagged with quarries and covered by the terrace of the main
floor, with which it is connected by a stairway of brick.

The old mill in its present aspect shows a remarkably

280

che : ‘

A view of the mill before alterations

successful adaptation of an old building and other condi-
tions to a purpose which is practical and which at the same
time utilizes every picturesque feature at hand, From every
point of view the estate is beautiful and interesting, for the
use of the same stone everywhere makes for unity of ex-
pression, and the house with its immediate outbuildings,

a LIBRARY
14h" 18:4")

_KTICHEN-
th“. 23:2"
eet

TERRACE

IICIVING POOM|

18°0"»29* Jo"

Plan of the main floor

connected as they are by wall and screen, form one well-

balanced group rather than presenting the scattered appear-
ance which might be expected upon a country place of
somewhat extensive area. The grounds themselves have
been as carefully planned as the buildings and the arrange-
ment of driveways and paths and the planning of garden
and tennis court have been so skillfully done, and shrubbery

Ce tags ait

Lodge and wall of native stone

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS August, 1912

A later view from the same spot

and vines have been so carefully selected and well planted,
that the appearance is that of an old country home. Of
course, the actual completion of such a place is a work in
which time as well as nature plays a very important part
and the estate will be vastly more beautiful when its trellises
and pergola are hung with the vines which will one day

Poke

T 1-0"20: 3"

pene rl b/
14:0 F266"
|

a
Avena

Plan of the second floor

be there and when the stone work of house, bridge, walls
and gate-lodge are covered with the ivy which does so much
to. fit buildings into the surroundings where they are placed.

The interest of the grounds about a country home is
greatly heightened if something be left to the imagination
and the entire resources of the estate not seen at a first
glance. The most successful gardens and home grounds

The house is delightfully situated

August, 1912

Basement plan
are those where certain fea-
tures of beauty or interest
are not shown upon first ac-
quaintance but are left to be
discovered later on. Much
of this principle has been fol-
lowed in working out the sur-
roundings of this beautiful
home by the lake. The es- :
tate consists of a tract of land very long and somewhat nar-
row, the smaller dimension being the frontage upon the
highway and the greater the distance from the road to the
lake. ‘The shape of the grounds is therefore such as to be
particularly adapted to successful “‘landscaping” and this
is further aided by a heavy growth of trees and shrubbery
which provides a screen where one is needed and opens up
unexpected vistas where views are desired. ‘The little mill
brook which winds through the length of the estate is an-
other feature which makes for the effect of increased space.

The house is placed in extensive grounds in the midst of the beautiful countryside of Lake George

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

““A harbor for boats of light draft’’

Top story plan

All of these natural advan-
tages have here been made
the most of and thanks to
skillful planning the grounds
appear to be much larger than they really are. The house
seems to be a long distance from the entrance-lodge and as one
approaches it through the grounds the driveway is so arranged
that its entire length cannot be seen from any one place.

In consequence of all this the house seems to be delight-
fully remote and retired from the world and very close to
the heart of nature, for spread out before the threshold is
the glorious panorama of water, hills and sky and close to
the house, under the moss-covered stonework of the old mill,
the little brook sings in its unceasing journey to the far sea.

Pasion ‘ ang
“

AMERICAN HOMI

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

EVERY GARDEN
SHOULD HAVE
A FOUNTAIN
EY POS SNBVEVE:

AMERICAN HOMES AND

Taunt Cant

GARDENS

August, 1912

srstat

The street front of the modern home constructed from an old Colonial farmhouse

An Old Colonial -Farmhouse That Became a Modern Home

&
<J

plete home in the truest sense of
the word. Chance took us one after-
noon for a walk on the Jersey side
of the Hudson, and it was then we
discovered the old house that, re-
modeled, became our present home.
It was old and “tumble down” in
general aspect, so far as the back of
the premises and its interior were
concerned, but its stone walls stood
firmly upon their foundations.
Through the offices of a good friend
who was acquainted with the owner
of the premises, we entered into ne-
gotiations for its purchase, which,
after two months of fluctuating
price quotations and mind changing,
was finally accomplished after giv-
ing in to a demand for an increase
in price of five hundred dollars.
However, we were happy in our
bargain, for bargain we truly con-
sidered it from its many advantages.

momomog||AVING lived on the beautiful island of
Porto Rico longer than our physical beings
decreed we should, we happily found our-
selves transferred to our own country, and our own roof.
for a time to a city home. However, we seconds in a bath tub, corner lavatory, toilet and an
enameled iron sink for the kitchen for almost nothing and
had them installed; we had the house wired for a center

longed for a real home—for a house that
could have its little garden and therefore be a more com-

By Beatrice C. - Wilcox
Photographs by Alice Boughton

The stairway leads up out of the living-room

Stone walls always have possibilities, so we decided to
do just the necessary putting in order to make the old house
sanitary and habitable and to enable us to be alone under
We went to a local plumber and bought

drop-light in each room. Then the
master of the house laid a new
kitchen floor and painted the kitchen
walls and the trim white. My white
kitchen in the dingy old house at-
tracted much attention.

It was now late Autumn and we
bought two cheap wood stoves and
an oil stove to use nights and morn-
ings in the bedroom. In the wood
stoves and fireplace we used apple-
tree wood from the old decayed
trees cut from the plot. ~Atetais
time, during an absence in the south,
the rear and frame upper por-
tion of the old house burned, having
caught fire from a defective flue.
There was only one thing to do, we
found we must reconstruct the dwell-
ing, a task not very encouraging to
face, despite the possibilities of the.

rare old walls that still stood firmly. ne

It is said that Washington, passed

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

LIVING PORCH

DINING ROOM
12'%6"x18-G"

LTHAMAELR
11% 13"
LIVING ROOS4
15% 26'

STORAGE SPACE

STORAGE ROWA
LHAMBER l
LA'S

STORALE SPACE

L"FLOOR FLAN

2™ELODR PLAN

3°FLOOR PLAN

the old house on his march down the Fort Lee hill, and the
old walls certainly looked their attributed years. ‘The
grandfather of a present neighbor laid up the walls in clay
and straw from field stone which he gathered from neigh-
boring farms for this purpose, and they were well selected.

In the first place, upon
considering rebuilding, we
felt that we desired some-
thing different and better than
the old house, and we hoped
we had energy to carry out
this desire. The walls, as they
stood, with ample necessary
grounds, occupied three lots,
leaving us two front lots
meee. . Lhese we decided
should remain so in case
necessity made their sale ex-
pedient at any time. Then
the reconstruction had to be
upwards and rearwards.
Afterwards came the prob-
lem of the roof in order to
make possible a number of
rooms with proper ceiling
height. The mistress of the
house having an antipathy for high houses, the problem
was not an easy one to solve, but the features of design
were finally decided upon, together with the alloted cost of
reconstruction. We had asked fwo or three architects to
submit rough sketches, but to our minds, the sketches shown
us were pronounced top-heavy, hipped-roof aftairs with slop-
ing walls and cut-up space. None of them appealed to us
seriously. Then we set about looking up photographs and
plans as to maximum effect for the space at disposal, realiz-
ing that we must have a certain amount of usable space

GR le, EE

f Di ER ate i

The old house as it stood when purchased before it was burnt. The

Bookcase in the corner of the living-room

in a house on a half-acre plot, to say nothing of that re-
quired for our own needs. We ran across a set of photo-
graphs and plans in a magazine devoted to homes and
gardens which clearly proved that we could get more usable
space by adopting a similar roof line and cornice to that
of one of the houses de-
scribed. This appealed to
us in its simplicity and its
possibilities of quaintness in
our case.

Being Southerners and
having a fondness for the
old hand-split shingles, split
by the negroes and used so
much throughout the South,
we decided they should be
used in the building of our
new home, for we realized
their durability and the
warmth secured by overlap-
ping.

The road having been
made after the old walls
were laid, they remained
nearer the street than we de-
sired, so we decided that the
front door should be merely an entrance, and that we would
plan a large and more private living-porch in the rear, over-
looking a large flower and vegetable garden and a handsome
old apple tree, which many artists have since asked per-
mission to paint. Likewise we decided that this living-
porch would have a French window opening from the liv-
ing-room and a pergola extending eastward.

A modernized Colonial portal seemed best to meet our
requirements and to conform to the simplicity of the main
body of the house and the few small-paned windows we de-

comes

EAPC Sr wae

ae 2c AT INS

superstructure had evidently been added to the original stone w

286 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

sired for quaintness. I consid-
ered fewer windows, properly
placed as to light, ventilation
and usage of wall space, more
practical from the standpoint
of heating and the labor of
cleaning. It is well to plan
your color scheme to reflect
light.

In planning the third floor
we found that the maid’s
bathroom was without light,
so the little “eyebrows” were
put in the panels of the door
to give light, ventilation and
to break the roof-line at this
point. One day a passer-by
declared to her companion,
“Them there awful, ugly little windoers in the roof can’t be
used, but I guess some foolish woman wanted them.”

In the rear the roof-line is broken by a long dormer. A
space 16 feet by 16 feet on the east side is left open under-
neath for the living-porch, the roof-line being supported by
one massive, simple concrete pillar. The floor of the porch
—a buff-gray concrete, slightly rough in
finish—is built on a level with the
kitchen door so that food and dishes
may be wheeled out for outdoor dining
and afternoon tea-service. ‘This living-
porch, being planned for privacy and
comfort, was placed on the east side for
shade in the Summer and sun in the
Winter and to be farther away from
the nearest house.

On the interior depends the entire
comfort of the house; the proportion-
ing of money and labor necessary in
taking from one thing to add to an-
other; for necessities these days demand
much, and the checking of one’s person-
ality in planning and furnishing for
the home must be either a living monu-
ment to one’s good taste or to one’s bad
taste. Not being given to undue personal adornment, and
believing an interior to be indicative of the occupants’ na-
tures, simplicity had to be the keynote for this reason, and
for the reason that I had to do my own work.

The interior seemed impossible at certain stages, and
framing was chopped away and the entire interior re-ar-
ranged by the owners, two helpful and never-tiring friends

| ites wares fa dhe dneaikers

The living-room showing the stairway and looking into the dining-room

e in the corner of the living-r

The top of the stair hall

The unconventional fireplace end of the large, well-lighted living-room

August, 1912

and the contractor. The
mistress of the house made
her daily inspection tour dur-
ing the entire construction,
and when _ complications
arose spent the whole day
with the workmen. Need-
less to say that I gained the
reputation of being the most
obstinate woman the con-
tractor ever worked with,
and the workmen thought
me insane to diverge from
the trodden path.

Being more or less prac-
tical, I decided there should
be no waste nor unused
space to be cleaned; every-
thing should be condensed, convenient and the whole scheme
should be simple; not one inch of molding to be dusted,
and that it should be individual, no matter what other
people had in their houses nor how severely they criticised
what I was working out.

A Colonial interior was not my aim. I aimed to work
out a more livable and practical interior
where everything should have its rela-
tion to the other, and the whole be har-
monious and inoffensive to the classic
portal.

A glance at the floor plans shows the
spaciousness of the living-room and the
dining-room which my nature demanded,
being southern born and reared. ‘The
walls’ natural gifts, the deep-silled win-
dows, give a distinctive charm to these
two rooms.

The large cheery fireplace is more
than a mere mass of masonry with a
papier-maché log. Its construction was
given much attention in order that it
should not smoke and that it should
throw out the maximum amount of heat
with a minimum of wood. Much time
was spent in selecting the brick, as I object to the lining,
face and hearth bricks being of different color and texture.
Then, too, the color had to harmonize with the color
scheme. The long, low, simple arch, the lining and the
sunken hearth are built of buff-gray bricks, wire-cut sur-
face, which are fireproof and harmonize with the interior
decorations both in color and texture. The fireplace is

oom

August, 1912 AMERICAN

ERE TT IT

SORTENATE

China cupboard in the corner of the living-room

fitted with a damper and a brass pull-chain to close off the
draft when there is no fire in the fireplace, and to keep out
the mosquitoes and dust in the Summer time. It is also
fitted with an ash-drop to the ashpit. The opening is four
feet long. The low arch is especially handsome and does
away with the big black hole of the high-arched fireplace and
throws out more heat. The hearth proper is concrete, cor-
rectly proportioned in width, and it extends to the wall on
each end in order to make the fireplace and fireside seat
one. The mantel-shelf is an example of simplicity and pro-
portion, being five feet five inches high. Under this simple
mantel-shelf are groups of raised blue tile which repeat
themselves in the concrete hearth. Above the mantel-shelf,
as a part of the architecture, is a handsome mural decora-
tion done by a noted artist. The seat is a continuation of
the mantel, the shelf being used for books. A light is
properly placed over the seat for reading in this cozy
corner, and a nigh window brightens it through the day.

The bookcase was de-
signed by a friend and built
by a Norwegian carpenter
who had served his appren-
ticeship as a cabinet maker
abroad, but who commanded
a low wage on account of his
inability to speak English.
The mistress of the house
was his foreman. The
bookcase carries the height
of the mantel. It extends
from the deep-silled window
to the corner of the room,
then to the glass doors be-
tween living-room and din-
ing-room. The quaint little
doors close off a space for
choice books and papers.
We had the wooden knobs
made with wooden screw
dowels for seven cents
apiece, the ones purchased
from the large hardware
stores being impracticable
and perishable in construc-
tion. The metal stencil is
placed over the same blue of
the mantel. The shelves are
adjustable and a soft-toned
silk curtain gives a charming
color spot to the room.

The glass doors between

HOMES AND GARDENS

Inglenook by the living-room fireplace

287

The dining-room is simply and tastefully furnished

the living-room and the dining-room fold back on each
other, then against the dining-room wall. Being curtained,
they give the required privacy at the dining hour. The
curtains give lots of color and the glass doors give the idea
of distance that cannot be obtained looking at wooden
doors, then a charming effect is produced.

The stairs are remarkable in the small space they occupy,
the easy mount and the individual balustrade. The space
under the landing gives a dark fruit closet. I had preserved
the walnut rail from the old house to be used as the new
rail, but the workman needed only to hold it in place for
me to see how hideous it would be running almost straight
up and down in a few feet space. The present and much
admired one was inspired by a similar one in an Austrian
decorative book. The rise and off-set gives the idea of
distance and open space to this remarkably small stairway.
From the landing, backstairs run to the kitchen. The fire-
place, the heart of the living-room, was planned far away
from the stairway so that one
may escape from the kitchen
unseen.

The dining-room was or-
iginally three steps down.
The floor was raised to the
level of the living-room floor,
leaving the tops of the old
stone wall exposed with a
well-proportioned height.
This we converted into a
natural plate rail, which
made the room heavy on one
side. We balanced this
weight by building in a
roomy and artistic china
cabinet, projected by the
friend who designed the
bookcase and built by the
Norwegian under my super-
vision. It is a continuation
of the plate rail in height
and an artistic and useful
treatment of a corner. Its
long, graceful lines and its
simplicity are enriched by
leaded glass doors. One
only needs to see it to realize
that a cabinet for the corner,
giving the balance, roomi-
ness and charm that this one
does, could scarcely have
been bought at any price.

288 AMERICAN
What the average contractor charges
for built-in pieces, then placing their
construction in the untrained carpenter’s
hands, is too ridiculous. A carpenter
of foreign birth understands joining bet-
ter, because he has to serve an appren-
ticeship before he obtains his license.
Built-in pieces give an atmosphere and
fitness that odd pieces never can. The
three quaint little windows were de-
signed to save the expense of cutting a
clumsy large one through the stone
walls, shown in an original plan, and to
give an indirect light on the table so
that one dining at the opposite side of
the table would not be compelled to face
the strong light. ‘The trim is of white wood set with the
cross pieces over the doors and windows, between the
uprights. The unbroken, graceful lines of the upright give
height to the ceilings and an individual placing of trim.
The one-paneled doors are most attractive and have only
four corners to be dusted, while the usual five-paneled door
has twenty corners to be dusted. ‘The trim is painted a
beautiful cream white. We bought our materials and
gave the painting out bv day’s labor, and superintended
the work day by day. ‘The floors are two-inch, combed-
grained pine, filled and waxed. Having a few rare old
pieces of mahogany and believing buff or gray to be their
best background, and not caring to live with Colonial yel-
low, nor the sallowness and coldness that gray walls give,
we compromised by having a delightful buff-gray which is
a perfect background for paintings, furniture and persons,
and admits of cheaper draperies than any other color
scheme. The walls are sand finish tinted buff-gray. We
purchased our materials and mixed our tint. The curtains
are made of a corn color French tissue, forty inches wide,
at fifteen cents a yard, and stenciled in a bold design of

rg o pete ee Dae LEE OLS

A view of

HOMES

the remodeled house from the street front showing the

AND GARDENS August, 1912
nasturtiums, giving just the desired color
and the sunniést glow imaginable in the
rooms. The stencil was patterned by the
designer of the built-in pieces and the
stenciling was done by the mistress of
the house. The rugs are homemade rag
rugs in blue and white and colored hit-
o’-miss. he cushions are made of Rus-
sian crash and embroidered in silk in
bright contrasting colors. The inherited
couch is upholstered in a buft-gray rep
that harmonizes so well with the walls
that many ask if it has not been dyed
to match. The putting of color in one’s
cushions, curtains and rugs admits of
changing the color scheme oftener than
does the retinting of walls and re-upholstering.

The master’s hall den is cleverly done in that it hides
the necessary headroom in pushing three steps out of the
kitchen floor without doing away with the absolutely neces-
sary back stairs, that contractors and architects so know-
ingly assure you must go or extend into the middle of the
kitchen floor, as a dangerous stumbling block for all mem-
bers of the family, and breaking the easy sweep for clean-
ing. My stubborn nature asserted itself and stood against
every sort of argument. The headroom was measured and
the door on the landing was framed leaving the height of
the three steps above the floor, unsightly to be sure. ‘The
seat was designed to hide it and an open space left for a
wall radiator. The desk was especially designed for the
corner and for the use of the master. ‘The little doors

Chest of drawers built into the walls of the
upper stairway-hall

close off the array of garden catalogues always at hand,

and odds and ends. The deskroom is of convenient height

and ample size for writing. The adjustable shelves give

ample space for garden and other books. The curtain space

admits of}color, as do the colored cushions spread on the seat.
(Continued on page 297)

ieeeliataiail a cacamaaaenstuaaiiatas ———eee

treatment of the old wing

August, 1912 AMERICAN

HOMES AND

GARDENS 289

Types of Geranium leaves

The Geranium

By F. F. Rockwell
Photographs by the Author and Nathan R. Graves

F OUR good, common flowers, the least
known and the least appreciated is the
Geranium. That may seem a strange state-
ment to make; however, to my mind, there
is not the least doubt about it. “But,” you
may say, ‘look at the hundreds of thousands
of Geraniums that are grown by the florist; one sees them
everywhere—no other flower so often.” All that is true
enough. But can you give me the names of half a dozen
good varieties? Can you tell me in what way they have
been improved during the last twenty years? What enthus-
iast about Sweet Peas, Dahlias or Gladioli could not name
you a score of his favorite varieties and tell you any num-
ber of fine points regarding their culture. But how often
do you find any one who knows about Geraniums? The
majority of folk, simply order a dozen “red,” a dozen
“white” and a dozen ‘“‘pink” from the florist in the Spring,
and that suffices. I grant you that the Geranium is the most
popular of all flowers, but I contend that my original state-
ment is true, nevertheless.
There are good reasons
why the Geranium is the most
popular flower. First of all
it is an optimistic flower—
given half a chance it is al-
ways bright and cheery. And
then it can be had in bloom
the whole year around. It
is easy to take care of, and
will struggle to show some
beauty even under gross neg-
lect. It covers a wide range
of colors, in both delicate
and intense shades. Why,
then, in comparison to many
other things, has it been so
sligited by the professional
horticulturalists who have,
by special ‘‘societies,” adver-
tising and general publicity,
pushed otter flowers to the
front? To the insider the
answer is not far to seek—
there is less money in it!
Given half a chance, as J
have said, the Geranium will
thrive. Under all sorts of

The Madame de Thebes Geranium, detente pink inveel :

conditions, in all kinds of places, one sees its cheerful colors
flaunted freely; great beds of it in the broad lawns of the
wealtniest, and blossom-covered plants in the window or by
the doorstep of the factory tenement. This means that it
cannot be particular about soil, or temperature, or fine
degrees of moisture. In fact, only yesterday, I noticed
under a bench in the greenhouse some old plants that had
been thrown there over a year ago, and had not been
thought of since, were actually beginning to bloom! Any
other really useful plant most certainly would have died.
NEW TYPES AND COLORS.

But though you may see the Geranium everywhere, very
seldom do you find anyone who knows what varieties they
have, or anything like a representative collection of the finer
sorts. While in this country the Geranium has been com-
paratively ignored, abroad it has received the attention it
merits, and in France and Germany especially, it has been
developed to a marvelous degree. This work on the part of
skillful hybridizers has resulted not only in new varieties
and shades, but in new types
as well.

The Geraniums most
commonly seen belong to the
double and semidouble class,
though now and then one
finds a single. Some of the
most beautiful flowers are to
be found among the singles,
but they lack substance, and
as a rule, the blooms become
mutilated so quickly, through
the loss of petals, that this
makes a very serious objec-
tion to this class). Among
the semidoubles and the dou-
bles there is a wide range of
form in the trusses, some be-
ing so open as to show the
individual florets, and others
almost as densely petaled as
a Petunia. A striking and
most important feature of
many of the new doubles is
the exceedingly long and stiff
stem on which the flower-
truss is born. This is mak-
ing the Geranium of value

MEEPS hate, EER

oy tag Tee

en SL

290 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The Geranium blooms freely at all stages of growth. ‘The illustration to the left shows plants in their first pots.

August, 1912

That to the right, a

plant of

the Silver-Leafed S. A. Nutt Geranium, dark red flowers and soft green foliage edged with creamy white. This is one of the most satisfactory

as a cut-flower—a use to which it was not formerly adapted,
but for which it has, I believe, a promising future, espe-
cially on account of the long-keeping quality of the blooms.

Geraniums for potting

cutting overcome this to a large extent, it is more satisfac-
tory to know that some progress has been made, through
crossing the Ivies with the zonals, to control the habit of

The scented-leaved sorts have long been favorites. The growth. ‘There is no doubt that the Ivies are destined, in

old popular Rose Geranium is re-
corded as a favorite as far back as
1690. There is a good variety of
odors and leaf-forms, all very at-
tractive, but more recent introduc-
tions have shown improvements in
the plant form and size of flower,—
the two objectionable characteris-
tics which this class has had. Some
of the new sorts are described more
fully at the end of this article.

Then there are the variegated
and tri-colored foliage sorts grown
chiefly on account of their decora-
tive quality. With these the flowers
are for the most part shy and small,
but a few of the newer ones, espe-
cially Silver-leafed S. A. Nutt, are
as valuable for their flowers as for
their foliage. The one named
makes a most striking and hand-
some plant.

Old varieties of all these types
are familiar to most of us, but the
newer races of Ivy-leaved, Cyclops
and Cactus-flowered, especially the
last two, are as yet comparatively
unknown here. Among the Ivy-
leafed sorts, remarkable for the
beauty of texture and form of their
leaves, are to be found the most
delicate shades of color, especially
in the blush pinks and lilacs, so far
attained in Geraniums. There is
one thing that has kept the Ivies
from becoming more popular as pot
plants, and that is their tendency
to a lanky or trailing habit of
growth. While proper culture and

Geraniums ready for pruning

Geraniums after pruning

the near future, to achieve very gen-
eral popularity.

The “Cyclops” strain has been
reached through a long continued
selection for the secondary color,
usually white, in the blossom. ‘The
result has been a race of strong
flowers of good habits, in which the
center or “eye” is a distinct shade
from the body of the petals, and
even a contrasting color to them.
Others are marked in various strik-
ing and distinct ways, and on the
whole this strain will do much to
add variety to Geraniums, making
more material for ‘‘collections,”
which is, of course, a thing to be
desired.

The ‘“‘Cactus”’ type is the most dis-
tinct and interesting “break” the
Geranium has shown, the petals be-
ing narrow and curled and twisted
like those of a Cactus Dahlia. The
growth of the plant is rather dwarf
but robust, and the wonderfully
beautiful blooms are borne in great
profusion. These new sorts, orig-
inating in England but a few years
ago, are particularly adapted for
pot plants or veranda boxes, vases,
etc., and will undoubtedly do much
to attract to the Geranium the at-
tention it deserves in this country.

TYPES FOR DIFFERENT USES.

With this wealth of form, color
and habit of growth, it is small won-
der that the Geranium has as wide
a range of uses as any plant grown.
Without the slightest monotony of

August, 1912

effect it can be used, I was
going to say, everywhere,
and I do not know but that
will stand literally. .From
the border along the front
wall, to solid beds upon the
lawn, as an edging for other
flowers in the garden, in
vases and veranda boxes,
both as upright plants and
trailing vines, in glowing
masses of color, in vases or
bowls in the house, and as
some of the most beautiful
and continuous flowering
single specimen of pot plants
for window or conservatory,
at all seasons of the year, it
can be used, and it merits
far greater attention than we have ever yet awarded it—
simply because this is an age of advertising and the Geran-
ium has never been freely exploited. Some day, and merely
upon its splendid qualities, it will come into its own.

The most general use for the Geranium, of course, is for
bedding. Happily, improv-
ing taste in landscape art has
almost eliminated the stiff
and formal flower bed, with
mathematical rows, seg-
ments and circles of con-
trasting and jarring colors
of flowers. The most strik-
ing effects are undoubtedly
to be had by using one color —
at a time, although there can
be no fixed rule. Art with
flowers, as with pigments,
harmonies or words, eternal-
ly creates exceptions to its
own fondest rules. For bed-
ding purposes the standard
favorite zonals, such as S.
A. Nutt (dark red), Beaute
Potevine (light salmon),
Buchner (pure white), Al-
phonse Ricard (intense ver-
milion), are the most generally used, though some of the
Ivy-leaved hybrids of compact growth are proving valuable
for this purpose. These, and similar varieties, are robust
in growth, and a pleasing “‘finish’’ to the Geranium bed is
had by using one of the low-growing variegated foliage

Various types of
four-inch pots.

Showing specimens of rooted Geraniums ready to be ‘“‘potted off

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Geraniums ready for repotting fr
Note the white “working roots”

Fifteen cuttings from two old plants.

291

varieties, such as Mme. Sal-
leroi or Golden Brilliantis-
simum. For veranda boxes
and large vases a very
charming effect may be had
by using one of the zonals
for upright plants, and
matching the color of the
flowers in an Ivy for trailing
over the edge, as for in-
stance S. A. Nutt and Ceasar
Franck. Vincas are almost
universally used with Ger-
aniums for this kind of work,
on account of their beautiful
green and white foliage and
graceful pendant vines. The
variegated Ivy Geranium,
L’Elegante, makes a charm-
ing plant to use in place of some of the Vincas. All of the
Ivies, in fact, lent themselves particularly to this sort of
work, being not only most graceful and artistic, with their
sharply cut waxen leaves and beautiful individual flowers,
but they withstand general exposure and dryness very well.

For single plants in pots,
a for window, conservatory or
/ veranda, almost any of the
Geraniums do excellently ex-
cept a few of the heavy-
wooded doubles, which need
too much room, and the
singles, which as a class shat-
ter too quickly, although
some of them are good. It
is for this use that the new
“Cactus” type will prove a
most valuable addition to
our list of house plants; and
thie se@ayiclionpisa: salsomare
suited for culture in this way
on account of the great
beauty of the individual
flowers. The Ivies too are
prized highly when cut back
to induce a stocky growth,
well branched. They are
very profuse bloomers. Silver-leafed S. A. Nutt is one of
the handsomest pot plants imaginable, and others of the
variegated and tricolored class, which have proved fairly
good bloomers, make fine single specimens. Two great
points in favor of Geraniums as house plants are the ease

ELE AIA

LST OE SRE LL
om three-inch to

Sania gss
The large leaves are cut back

Lee ROTEL eee ee Re RRR ERT eR aE eT

Old plants, six weeks after cutting back, ready for the season’s growth

292

with which they can be grown and the long season of bloom,

practically all the year through. Even the cutting bed, un-

less bud-stalks have been removed, is frequently well starred

with blossoms, and in the smallest pots it is not rare to find

a truss of flowers almost as large as the whole plant itself.
CULTURE INDOORS AND OUT.

While the Geranium will live and blossom under very
adverse conditions, it is one of those rank. feeding plants
which immediately shows the result of good care and ferti-
lization, and repays any trouble taken along these lines in a
very perceptible way. ros

Plants to be set out in beds should be started late in the
Fall or early in the Spring previous. The former are
taken through the Winter in an almost dormant state, and
started into more active growth as the warmer days of
February come on. For Spring cuttings, the ‘“‘stock”’ plants,
such as one may have growing in the window, should be
given more water and got into active growth, making fresh
wood for propagating. [wo such plants—one grown with
the right shape and the other of the scrawny sort one so
frequently sees—are illustrated herewith. They picture
the Spring pruning, given both to keep the old plants in
good shape and also to get a supply of cuttings, which are
shown—fifteen from the two medium-sized plants. The
cuttings are potted off into two-inch or two and one half
inch pots, and grown on without a check—which means
giving them plenty of sunlight, air, water and a tempera-
ture as near 45 to 50 degrees at night as can be had, and
repotting as often as the roots indicate that they are ready
for a shift by forming a network of white working roots
around the outside of the ball of earth. From the small
pots they are usually put into threes and then later, during
April, into fours. The soil used should be rather heavy

for the last two pottings—say, one third rotted sods, two
thirds heavy loam, with fine bone flour—half a shovelful
If one has on hand a sup-

to a bushel of earth—added.

sreenminartenerinrene

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

ply of regular potting soil, of course, that will do, though
if it is light it will be better to mix it half and half with
heavy loam. ‘The beds should be well enriched with rot-
ted manure, and spaded down to sub-soil, or as deep as
possible. It is a common practice to make them in a mound
shape, rounded over the top, but this is a mistake, as rain,
or water applied with the hose, will run off instead of
soaking into the ground where it is needed. If a raised
bed is desired, keep the top as level as possible. After
setting out do not leave the beds to shift for themselves,
but go over the surface with a small hoe—the ‘‘onion”’ type
is the most convenient to use—every ten days or so. It
will take only a few minutes at a time and is pleasant work.
A light top-dressing with some fertilizer rich in nitrogen,
applied during the middle of the season, and worked in
well about the roots, will increase the quantity and quality
of bloom. . Nitrate of soda alone is excellent for this pur-
pose, but it must be used in very small doses, a small hand-
ful will be ample for a dozen plants.

Plants for blooming in the house are best started in the
late Spring, and grown on as described above. After being
put in four-inch pots, “plunge” them pot and all, in the
garden outside, that is, bury them up to the rim. This
will make it very much easier to take care of them, and
to keep the pots from drying out, but the precaution must
be taken to turn the pot around frequently, at least every
two weeks, to prevent the plant from rooting through into
the cool, moist soil below. For the best results later on,
also, all the buds should be picked off until late in the sea-
son so that the full vigor of the plant may be utilized in
getting ready for its Winter work. ‘The soil used for the
last potting should contain plenty of “humus” such as rotted
sod or decayed manure, and some sand to insure good
drainage—which is one of the most essential things about
growing plants in the house in Winter, when very little

(Continued on page 300)

A mass of Geraniums forms one of the most successful decorative plant fillers for attractive garden vases

August, I912

AOAQAAOARRME GD OA

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

; pint
Pr hale <<
il hoe
7

sia
aes
ee —— eG

Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

One of the exhibits in the industrial arts section of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, is an entire room from a seventeenth century
house in the village of Flims, Switzerland, containing a fine example of a porcelain stove

Museums and Decorative Art

By Henry Hollis

q|E are all children, inasmuch as we like to
“see pictures,’ which, owing to the relation
that this form of art bears to literature,
mythology and allegory, has resulted in the
story-telling or pictorial form of artistic ex-
pression being the best known and the most
appreciated. In the past the art museums have fostered
this idea and most of them have had their beginning in a
collection of pictures, so that when an art museum is men-
tioned, the lay mind instinctively conjures up a vision of row
after row of pictures, plaster copies of antique sculpture,
Oriental porcelain and pottery, perhaps, and nothing more.

The great interest taken in all forms of art in America
during the last decade, the educational influence of foreign
travel, of the great private collections which have been
assembled with care and discrimination, of the local collec-
tions of historical and antiquarian societies, and a realiza-
tion that all art does not begin and end in paint and canvas,
have combined to broaden the scope of the various museums
of art throughout the country, until now nearly all of them
give room to industrial arts.

No longer can the modern museum be regarded as a

storehouse of inert matter. It 1s, instead a working museum,
that is to say, a vital force in the community, having its
collections arranged in a manner readily accessible to archi-
tect, decorator, craftsman and student of industrial art,
who seeks to become inspired by the best traditions of the
work executed by the artists and craftsmen of all countries
and all ages, working in metal, clay, wood and stone. Here
one can see how the most ordinary things with which we are
daily and hourly surrounded, have been touched by the hand
of the artist and made beautiful; a key-plate, the hinge of a
door, a chair, a piece of molding, have been raised above
the sphere of the commonplace by an artistic genius.

The historical and antiquarian societies throughout the
country have done much to improve the general taste by
assembling collections of old Colonial furniture, silver,
pewter, and china, and have accomplished noble results in
restoring to their original beauty and preserving for pos-
terity, old houses which would otherwise have been de-
stroyed by the ruthless march of modern improvements.
Our Colonial architecture and furniture is the nearest we
have approached to evolving a national style, and we must

(Continued on page 29#)

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August,

Igi2

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

EE OGes

from subscribers pertaining to

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries

should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

ome Decoration. Stamps

fatoccoiecoo fal [O) fetocen Gono ker Rs

THE DECORATION OF REMODELED
FARMHOUSES

By Harry Martin Yeomans
Photographs by T. C. Turner

8) Ux UBUSDE NOY! EOE)

q| HERE is a certain fascination about the re-
j|| modeling of an old house, and one’s interest
will grow and be stimulated as the necessary
changes are planned and visualized, to make
it conform to the modern standard of living
conditions, and in this manner a certain per-
sonal element will be imparted to the house which will
make it peculiarly one’s own.

The tremendous interest recently evinced in all forms of
country living, and the great number of abandoned farms
which have been offered for sale, especially in the New
England States, has resulted in a large number of farm
properties being acquired by urban residents for pleasure
or profit, or both.

If there is a substantial, well-built house on the farm
lands, it is always well to consider seriously the advisability
of remodeling it in preference to building a new house.
The old, rambling farmhouses of New England, the Dutch
gambrel-roofed houses of New York and Long Island, and
the old, stone farmhouses of Pennsylvania, all possess won-
derful possibilities to the discerning eye, and satisfactory
results can usually be obtained by remodeling, if too elabo-
rate effects are not attempted. ‘The sturdy frames and
honest construction of these old buildings bear silent testi-
mony to the fact, that they were erected before the advent
of the trade’s union, when the aim was to build, not for a
day, but for all times. ‘The long, low roof lines, the many-
paned windows and the simple details of the front door,
of some of our old farmhouses, impart such an air of quaint-
ness and charm, that these details have recently been in-
corporated by architects in numerous modern houses of the
farmhouse type.

The interior arrangements can be transformed to meet
the requirements of the present mode of living, and the
“best parlor” and “spare bedroom” thrown into a good-
sized living-room, the kitchen reduced in size to make possi-
ble a larger dining-room, and, perhaps, a wing added to give
an outdoor living-room and an additional bedroom above.

The woodwork of the old houses was often crude, but
it was the honest product of hand labor, and therein lies
the indescribable charm of some of the wood-trim to be
found in not a few old farmhouses. In some Colonial farm-
houses will be seen rooms with paneled wainscotings,
built-in cupboards and closets and mantelpieces that are ex-
quisite examples of cabinetwork. All such woodwork should
be retained, as far as it is possible to do so, and in that way
preserve the old-time atmosphere.

In a remodeled farmhouse, all kinds of old mahogany

furniture can be used to advantage. It need not be so true
to style as the furniture intended for a more pretentious
house, and the mahogany American Empire furniture, so
popular about 1820, will become a farmhouse dwelling. The
old, painted rush or flag-bottomed chairs, which have but
recently returned to favor, are appropriate for a farm-
house, as well as the old, maple furniture, Windsor chairs,
old oak or walnut furniture, in fact, all furniture that will
impart a sense of comeliness and cheer, is at home in the
remodeled farmhouse. But do not commit the unpardon-
able sin of placing modern furniture of the Mission type
in a home such as this. The writer recently saw what was
otherwise a perfect dining-room, having beautiful Colonial
detail in wood-trim and mantelpiece, which had been hope-
lessly ruined by using a Mission dining-room set, which
was good in itself but entirely out of place in the environ-
ment of a Colonial farmhouse.

Rag rugs and carpets, braided rugs, simple curtains at
the windows, plain wall-papers, tinted or painted. wall-sur-
faces, and hardwood or painted floors are all commendable,
depending entirely on the amount of money to be expended.

The bedrooms should be simple, and simplicity should
be the keynote of the whole house, remembering that an
elaborate decorative scheme is not consistent with a house
of this character, one which requires the furniture indicated.

BSE NC tw fect] fod excl fees ey PST) (Ol ERLE me coo bf oncb cen fo [O} ene ono to fad omoo amen
MUSEUMS AND DECORATIVE ART
(Continued from page 293)

ee nt fmt LO Cs ome stom tO fe ome RO

eee to our museums to keep alive an interest in the beaute
ful things that helped to make life pleasant in the days of
our forbears.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city, has
one whole wing devoted to the display of its collection of
decorative objects of art. This wing was designed especially
to hold the collection and it is shown to the best possible
advantage. Briefly described, this part of the museum con-
sists of a large central hall, surrounded by two stories of
smaller galleries, so that the lover of the beautiful can wan-
der through twenty-five galleries and study the progress .
made in the various crafts and decorative arts, as expressed
by the workers in wood, stone, weaving, ceramics and metals,
from the Gothic period down through the mahogany furni-
ture of our own American renaissance.

Those who are interested in interior decoration will hail
with delight the chronological arrangement of these spacious
galleries, which afford an opportunity to study from original
pieces the furniture and woodwork of the Gothic, Italian,
German and French renaissance periods, the French art of
the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, and especially
interesting to us, the English Georgian and American
Colonial furniture of the sixteenth to the early nineteenth

August, I912

century, presented in a manner worthy of such fine examples.

The Museum for the Arts of Decoration at Cooper
Union, New York, is likewise a rich treasure house of deco-
rative art and in its galleries can be seen beautiful speci-
mens of the wood-carver’s art, furniture, fire-gilt bronze
furniture mounts, fabrics, painted panels, and a vast quan-
tity of other material, all of which is of great value to
those who are interested in the arts and crafts of another
day. This museum is especially rich in the work of the
“Second French Renaissance,” including those great periods
of decorative art, named after the monarchs of the time
and known as the periods of Louis XIV, Louis XV and
Louis XVI.

Here, too, the collection is shown in chronological se-
quence and this convenient and logical arrangement enables
one to note the gradual transition from one period to the
next. The best originals extant have been selected with
great care by French connoisseurs as eminently useful and
worthy of emulation and embodying all that is best in the
French art of the advanced seventeenth and the eighteenth
century.

Art collections, both public and private, such as these are
a great factor in formulating the public taste and must
result in a demand for better things in architecture and
oe decoration and a more keen aleve of them.

A BARN THAT BECAME A HOUSE
(Continued from page 273)
SS Se as Ose es ae ee OST see | See | Oe meee ee,

getting of meals. This is done largely by having modern
conveniences for cooking and the best possible utensils, while
the meals are served simply and attractively. Time and
labor are saved by having the kitchen and dining-room in
one.

This room, which was the former stable, is about twenty
by twenty-two fect in size. The coal range and porcelain
sink, on one side of the room, are hidden from the dining-

_room part by the high backs of two settles, which serve as
seats at the dining table. The range and the sink, which
were brand new, were great extravagances, but very neces-
sary ones. The sink is oatmeal-color, and has brass faucets
instead of nickle ones. Galvanized iron also must be used
in that part of the country, on account of the rust which
comes from the sea dampness.

On a table behind the settles is a denatured, alcohol
stove with two burners, which is much used in the hot
weather. A fireless cooker also saves time and trouble.

In one corner of the room there is an old driven well,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

295

twenty feet deep and bricked up on the sides. This makes
an excellent ice box, and perishable food is kept down there,
while lemonade and grape juice are hung below in the well
for a while, and brought up ice cold.

There is a pantry adjoining the kitchen, which is so
arranged as to have a continual current of air flowing
through it. The flooring is made of very heavy wire netting
and the shelves are made of the same material. ‘The air
comes through the flooring and from a high window at
the north, making this room thoroughly comfortable to
work in.

The tray wagon is a happy institution. It is made of
lead tubing with rubber-tired wheels, and with its aid after-
noon tea can be wheeled into the living-room, or meals
can be taken out on the porch, with very little trouble.

This unique Summer home is both picturesque and prac-
tical. ‘There is every comfort and convenience that there
was in the house and many things that never could have
been found in a conventional home restricted in its range.

GS |e] el) ee ee men Ol ee moe eee IIE

WOVEN FURNITURE
ee ies meee 276)

a eee ee NOISE

rying ie peacock blue ana green ee the draperies to the
furniture the two were successfully tied together.

To accompany a cretonne showing pink roses climbing
over a pea-green trellis, the furniture was painted two tones
of a soft, tender green, and another set, intended for a
Wistaria-room, was painted a beautiful gray, with just a
suggestion of mauve showing through the last coat of gray.

Some other willow chairs were painted a dark mahogany,
almost black, and were just right for a room to be done in
the Chinese taste, where the walls were covered with a natu-
ral-colored grass-cloth, and the draperies and cushions were
of black chintz in which dark reds predominated in the
Chinese design. In a room such as this, where things
Chinese were taken as the keynote, the “hourglass” chairs
already referred to could be used to advantage, and would
carry out the spirit of the Chinese decorative scheme.

In all of the rooms mentioned, it was planned to use plain
wall coverings to counteract the effect of the very decorative
fabrics used for draperies and cushions.

‘Tables of the lighter Mission type, with tapering legs,
when stained to match the general color scheme, make excel-
lent living-room tables to be used with willow furniture.
Soft loosely woven fabrics, textiles of flax and rag rugs and
like materials and shapes, owing to their loosely woven
texture, are fitting accompaniments for woven furniture.

The two interiors hike ee Alfiouchl Gen new houses, yet suggest in their FRR ee suitable deceive scheme for the Ponodsled farmhouse that
finds itself transformed into an attractive modern country home.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

:
Around the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewi h.

August, 1912

THE AUGUST GARDEN

oog|| HIE’ N all the lovely flowers in the hardy bor-
Fic|| ders are making the Autumn garden ablaze
with gorgeous color, the provident gardener,
anticipative of next Summer’s delights, will
not forget that perennials should be sown
in cold frames in August. By planting them
in frames, the seeds will escape being washed from the soil
by Fall rains. Then, too, one may plan now for the Win-
ter garden indoors. Seedlings set out of doors in early
August, may be transplanted to small pots ‘“‘plunged”’ in
soil, and removed indoors as soon as frost threatens to
make its first appearance. In plunging the pots for out-
of-door plant growth, the garden beginner should not for-
get to lift the pots every now and then, to break off any
roots that may have pushed down through the opening at

It is a good

time now to plan for one, for the garden maker will be able to see

just where, amid the blaze of autumn color a sundial would find its
most picturesque setting

ae complete garden should have a beautiful sundial.

the bottom of the pots to root firmly in the external soil.
These ambitious root stragglers must not be allowed to
take firm hold; to this end it will be well to fill the holes in
the bottoms of the pots.

HERE are few flowers dearer to the hearts of garden

lovers than the Pansy. Pansies thrive best where an
abundance of moisture reaches them, for they suffer greatly
from drought and from the scorching rays of too constant
sunshine. Nearly all garden makers treat Pansies as an-
nuals, though they are, in reality, perennials, wherefore
their seed may be planted toward the end of the Summer
to insure an abundance of plants the following season, to
take the place of those that have not survived climatic
severities through a long hot Summer. Wonderful results
may be obtained if the Pansy seed is sown in cold frames;
then the Spring blossoming period will be productive of an
abundance of fine plants. As to the proper soil and loca-
tion for Pansy beds, a rich loam in a spot where the morn-
ing sun penetrates, but which is shaded in the afternoon is
ideal for Pansy culture.

IKE all other garden flowers, the Pansy has a little

history of its own that is well worth reciting, for one
should feel that the flower garden is something more than
a propagator of vegetable decoration,—that it is a store-
house of interesting plant-forms, rich in association with
the history of mankind. It is supposed that the Viola tri-
color, a wild violet native to Europe, was the ancestor of
the Pansy, and that careful cultivation brought it to the
perfected forms of the present, which such noted horticul-
turists of the late nineteenth century as Trimandeau did so
much in the way of making possible by their indefatigable
attention to this particular plant.

THER seeds may well be sown in August, that of the

Japanese Morning-Glory, French Marigold, Phlox
Druminondii, and Sweet Peas, for indoor development
later. July sown seedlings of the Aster may be trans-
planted now into pots, plunged in garden soil.

HE garden should be kept clear of weeds. They

should not be permitted to grow up, even in those spots
where there have been failures in the garden, for this year’s
weeds at any time, if permitted to reach maturity, will mean
troublesome times with them next season when their scat-
tered seeds have sprouted and taken root. With weeds an
hour of prevention will be found to be worth a gallon
of cure.

HERE is still some planting one may do, if attended to

immediately. Radish and Lettuce may be sown at this
time for late crops. In clearing the garden beds of the
débris after harvesting, it will be well to burn all the old
vegetable matter, for then it will not be left to invite insect
pests to take shelter in the underlying soil, to menace next
year’s garden. Set out Strawberry plants the first week in Au-
gust, if wishing to have them bear fruit the next season.

August, I912

T will be well to begin now to think about planting Ever-
greens. Indeed, August is none too early for the actual
planting itself, for thus one may anticipate the rush incident
to September work in the garden, when there will be bulbs
to set out and gaps in the perennial borders to be filled in,
and greenhouse work. ‘Thus it will be seen that the Aug-
ust Sralenae operations though few, perhaps, furnish
enough for the garden beginner with occupation sufficient
to maintain his interest and enthusiasm in mankind’s most
delightful and healthful recreation of developing nature.
A GARDEN CORNER-SEAT

N the May, 1912 number of AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS a number of garden seats were illustrated. On
this page the reader will find reproduced a photograph of
a very attractive corner-seat. This would make an excel-
lent feature in large gardens or on grounds that are planted
with shrubbery and evergreens. The general plan of a
bench of this sort is adaptable to working out in rustic style.

RB CS Ss ec ee eee Se accel] Raat amo SOD

THE REMODELED HOUSE
(Continued from page 270)

eS) ‘@: SS ooo pease OT jaccccbocco ke coe SF

turn with pleasure to the problems of remodeling the old
Colonial farmhouses, and village cottages with a zest that
is refreshing. A few miles away from the ancient inn, where
every Governor of Massachusetts, from 1776 to 1876,

said to have been received as an honored guest, there is

another town, woefully new, a veritable nightmare of
“‘builder’s architecture.” I cannot help but contrast the two
villages, the one which is quaint, and lovely, a hamlet of
homes, and the other blatant in its bad taste, which sacri-
ficed the old ruthlessly, because it believed it could not be
happy with life that could not be spent under a roof with a
cupola. In our old village they will point out to you the
little remodeled cottage where Daniel Webster used to
visit, the house in which the words to ‘‘Yankee Doodle”’ are
said to have been written, and other delightful nooks
and corners of Colonial and later period interest, from
the days of the Pilgrim Fathers to the present day. Of

OE ERIE TBE T AERTS

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 297

Here one sees pictured an excellent way of making a lawn feature out

of a few boulders and field stones which are overgrown with a riot of

gorgeous nasturtiums that have been planted with reference to a closely
clustered color effect

course every attractive old house may not have a history,
but it will seem to have, and that, after all, is one of the
greatest charms of the new house made from the old one.

as Se sO en oe ON oe

AN OLD COLONIAL F ARMHOUSE
oe ats gee Ai,

Under the eaves in the sewing-room are two sets of built-
in drawers, the bottom ones being so large that they served
as a bed for two visiting babies for ten days. ‘There is
an outlet for an electric iron, to save the time of the seam-
stress and confusion downstairs. [he runway to the bath-
room has two linen drawers built in under the attic stairs,
which enables one to get fresh linen without entering a bed-
room. ‘The quaintness and simplicity of the house attracts
every passerby, and it is most amusing to hear persons argu-
ing most strenuously as to its being an old or a new house.

pee

penne

Pee rns tear gee Reo a

The) penctal plan Bh a garden corner seat a ae sort is mcaptable to working out in rustic style

THE TRAINING OF OUR GIRLS

By Elizabeth Atwood
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals

csommog]| W many mothers are training their girls
for the cares and responsibilities of life?
I do not mean just caring for them, loving
them to their injury by keeping all responsi-
bilities out of their lives, but, by wise guid-
ance teaching them how to meet such re-
sponsibilities, preparing them for that which is as sure to
come as that we shall eat three times a day.

To begin with, what are you doing to create permanent
‘“Tdeals” for your daughters to strive for? Is your daughter
finding sympathy and understanding in you, or does she have
sympathetic friends outside, gradually drawing her away
from you? Are you her comrade and confidante? Are
you living your own life separated from your girls—and
your boys too? ‘These are questions each mother should
ask herself, and then have a care that her life is such that
they may be answered well.

The training of our girls is a very serious matter, and
calls for self-training and self-examination on the part of
each and every mother. Mothers are the examples which
always influence even the baby. Right here is a large re-
sponsibility. Do you discuss your neighbor’s affair? Re-
member that just so will your children do. Are you self-
ish? Then selfishness will influence your girls. Are you
thoughtful, generous and sympathetic? So will it be re-
turned to you. Oh, this mother business is a great one,
calling for all the skill and love and wisdom you can
accumulate.

We all know the courteous boy and girl, but do we
know many such? Now just what is courtesy? Nothing but
gentle, kind thoughts for all, which are bound to show in
kind acts. Just think of how much the face reflects kind
thoughts and the desire to serve others, and out of sheer
vanity one would suppose girls would practice with in-
creasing regularity until this love expression would be
habitual. The ideal girl could not be rude. Too few
show the kind smile that helps, too few reach out the strong
hand and with courteous greeting make even the stranger
feel at home.

But mothers must lead the way. Not in selfish absorp-
tion of their own particular loved one, who, of course can
do no wrong, but in watchful care weeding out her own
selfish tendencies (we all have them), putting in whole arm-
fuls of love, truth and honesty, to build up their character.
This is the ideal mother’s task in hand. She must train
herself if she would wisely train her girls. She must make
her own “Ideals” worth her striving, before she is ready
to lead her girls upward.

Discretion, I honestly believe is an ‘‘Ideal.”

q
4
=
4
|
4
a
‘|
d
4

ae.

AM ONT@NTanTOnm@nm@nnZ@nrn

How few

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HELPS TO THE
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

August, 1912

A mother who
recognizes this is a long way on the road toward peace.
Someone once said: ‘“‘What we never say or write will never

possess the discretion which is really tact.

yy)

cause us regret.’ ‘The discreet girl will never be over-smart
in her talk, lavish in money-spending, never argues, never
criticizes, and, if added to this quality of discretion she is
lovingly sympathetic, she is surely cultivating an “Ideal”
well worth striving for. ;

Manners, too, become an “Ideal” to work for. Of
course manners, to a certain extent are the reflection of
what is inside, but surely capable of development. Carry-
ing oneself with nose high in the air, is not indicative of
superiority. In the hills of Vermont, I knew the greatest
and sweetest of little ladies, who would have graced any
court, and who brought joy and peace to any home she
visited. She never studied any rules of etiquette, I am
safe in saying, yet she practiced them all.

And what made her the lady? Just this, she was uni-
formly quiet and gentle. Her voice, like Annie Laurie’s
was low and sweet. She always had a kind word for every-
body, and a smile which would lift your profoundest gloom,
more than that, you felt rebuked for being gloomy in this
beautiful world. I have never met another quite like her.

This is my understanding of her: First of all she felt a
generous, great love for all humanity, and then she lived it.
Her life was lived according to the Golden Rule, literally
and truly. She was gentle because she had only the gentlest
of thoughts for all.

Criticism is rampant in this age, and is death to love in
its broadest sense. Cultivate generosity of thought in your
girls—anyone can be generous in gifts—it will surely pro-
duce gentleness of manner.

The cultivation of the voice is also necessary. ‘There
are more hard voices now than soft and musical ones.
There is more attention paid to singing than to talking;
more attention to vocal gymnastics than to a well-modu-
lated every-day and to-be-lived-with voice. Loud and noisy
laughter is too often heard.

Loud voices do not mark the lady anywhere, least of
all in public places. If girls only knew how much the
quiet ones are admired there would be an age of quiet
girls instead of the noisy ones demanding attention every-
where. Do not train for the appearance only of a lady,
but like my friend in the hills, be one, with love and truth
in your heart, feel and live like one, and your appearance
and manner will reflect the glory. Is this not an “Ideal”
worth striving for?

“The world delights in sunny people,” but most of all
in sunny girls. It is upon the shoulders of the mothers
that this responsibility lies, for it is not all temperament.
The mother, first of all must set the example of a cheerful
countenance, even if all the irritating things of the house
combine against her. If mother is snarly and looses her

AMERICAN

August, 1912

HOMES AND

GARDENS 299

temper easily when her girl reaches maturity she will, very
likely, be just what her mother has been in these respects.

The girl who is constantly analyzing the motives of
others, and her own actions as well, of a necessity is selfish.
It may be because she is selfish that she is so critical. The
two are closely interwoven, and this combination does not
make the sunny girl. These are habits hard to get rid of
and should be nipped in the bud. The woman who has
this habit of criticism would hardly be charming, and that
is what we wish our girls to train for. Do not let the
habit of distrust grow in your girls, either of others or of
herself. This too, is ‘‘Ideal.”’

Help your girls to a proper appreciation of themselves,
not to make them vain, but to rid them of self-conscious-
ness. Let them know that you see their good points of
looks and that -you appreciate their efforts, and you will
not have the regrets to carry that I have. I always told
my first children that if I did not criticise or correct they
might be sure I was pleased. I never praised for that might
lessen effort. Now I believe that it would stimulate effort.
I never told them of their good points in appearance for
fear of creating vain thoughts. I humbly apologize to
those children of long ago, but that will not bring back
lost opportunities for giving well-merited pleasure, for we
do love to be appreciated. They say I am spoiling these
other children!

Do not let your girl get the idea into her head that any
work of the house is petty. If she does get it, help her
to get rid of it at once. All of the ideals of life have a
common center in the home. Can any part of the home-
creation, even the dishwashing, have anything ‘“‘petty”’ in it?
When an ambitious woman is filled with real and true am-
bition she regards every act of the day as a stepping stone
toward a greater and more important work. Discontent too
often masquerades under the guise of ambition, luring its
victim and blinding the eyes.

I think I have seen more discontent in the kitchen than
anywhere else. Nearly every girl dislikes the daily routine
of the kitchen, some like to do the pretty work of cake,
candy and desserts. Yet, if a meal should be left out, and
the dishes left undone those girls as well as the family
would be disqualified for the larger things aspired to. Does
not this prove how important a part of life is this work
which some call “‘petty’’?

To every woman who makes each little thing about the
home of sufficient importance to lift it out of the feeling
that such work is “petty,” will come the larger opportunity,
for she, her own little self, will have created it. Unless

An attractive after-dinner coffee set and a tea set of good design

one can prove equal to the smaller duties how can one hope
to master more important ones? Making the home attrac-
tive certainly is a great “Ideal,” and everyone knows that
‘“The way to a man’s heart is by way of the stomach.”

But the gravest responsibility of all the many responsi-
bilities which the earnest mother has to bear and qualify
for, to set the example for, is that of marriage. This
work should begin in infancy. Health, strength, a proper
regard for the body, must be all made into ‘“‘Ideals’”’ to
work and strive for. Motherly sympathy at the crucial
age is the girl’s right, yet how often these girl children
must go through this period unhelped save by injudicious
help from outside.

“Mother” with all that the dear title implies should
give her girl-child the knowledge which protects. Happy
are the girls and boys whose parents understand and appre-
ciate the most critical periods of their lives, and whose
sympathies make them friends of all; who delight in hear-
ing their confidences and encourage the coming together
of the young people in homes where the games are most
enjoyable that are shared by the parents. ‘The mother
should make her daughter understand that real love does
not come for the seeking, but will come upon her unawares,
and she must be ready and worthy of the honor. It comes
because we go on working, making ourselves worthy of it,
then it suddenly appears before us when we least expect it.
It does not come to the woman who is seeking selfishly
for all she can get out of life.

Without this true and holy love, a girl’s life is in danger
of becoming a failure. So it is in the mother’s power to

avert such a failure, if she can make home so attractive,
herself so good a comrade, that her girls are held by the
attraction of home-love until years of discretion are reached.

A suggestion for a simple table decoration. Clover and ferns

300

Ds ial eae OED,
THE GERANIUM
(Continued from page 292)
MUGS REE aD
water is required by them. The pots should also e
“‘crocked,’”’ that is, the hole in the bottom should be cov-
ered with pieces of broken pots or something similar, so
laid that they will keep the soil from being pressed solidly
to the bottom of the pot, but at the same time will not
stop the drainage hole. With ordinary care such plants
will come through the Summer nicely, and will be ready to
give the best of satisfaction in the house. Give them all
the sunlight possible and plenty of air, especially at first.
As the days grow colder and shorter, less and less water
will be required. Give the necessary amount of water only
when the soil appears too dry, and then soak thoroughly.
A FEW OF THE BEST VARIETIES.

There are now so many excellent Geraniums that it
would be foolish to call any list, reflecting, as it must, indi-
vidual taste, the ‘“‘best.’’ I mention a number of the tried
and true sorts, popular everywhere and sure to do well
under general conditions.

Of the double zonals, the common Geranium, there are
in the “reds,” S. 4. Nutt, an old favorite and still more
largely grown than any other Geranium for bedding, very
dark scarlet; Alphonse Ricard, bright vermilion, extra large
trusses on strong stems, free blooming, with foliage of a
clean bright green—one of the very best; John Doyle,
bright rich scarlet, fine for bedding; Marquise de Castel-
lane, unexcelled for cutting, and one of the best for bed-
ding; flowers are borne in enormous trusses held well above
the foliage on stiff, strong stems, frequently twelve inches
long. The color is one of the most pleasing of all Geranium
shades, being a peculiar glowing, soft brick-red, varying
light to dark. The blooms remain perfect a long time,
and the color never fades. These blooms massed in a
bowl, with a border of Mint Geranium leaves, make one
of the most beautiful flower combinations I have ever seen.
The plant is exceptionally vigorous and robust in habit, and
easily grown. Trego, a bright flaming bedder, but not as
reliable as some of the other sorts. Of the pure whites,
my favorite is Mme. Recamier. ‘The trusses are large, the
color holds clean, and the plant is of good healthy growth.
Hedwige Buchner is also excellent for bedding. For cut-
ting or pots, Fleuve Blanc has the advantage of showing
the individual florets, which are only semidouble, more
clearly. Madonna and La Favorite are older sorts, still
very popular. In the various shades of pink, Beaute
Potevine, introduced a quarter of a century ago, is still the
most universal favorite. Both individual florets, of a beau-
tiful salmon-pink, and trusses are very large, and it is a
very free bloomer, also exceptionally healthy and handsome
as a plant, and good for cutting, bedding or in pots. Dagata
is a newer sort, which is winning its way to universal ad-
miration, in color, a beautiful mauve rose, spotted with
white at the center. Among the best singles for bedding
are Paul Crampel, bright vermilion-scarlet, with heavily
zoned leaves; Alice of Vincennes, shading from white
through crimson to deep scarlet margin; Snowdrop, pure
white; Mrs. E. S. Hill, light salmon; Nuit Potevine, dark
rosy purple. Rival, a soft dark salmon, and The Sirdar,
intense scarlet, are especially good singles for pot plants.

The sweet-scented sorts are numerous. The Rose, Lemon,
Skeleton, Nutmeg and Apple are all old favorites, with
marked distinctions of fragrance or appearance. The
“Mint” is not only the most pungent and distinct in frag-
rance, but the large leaves, of a mottled soft green, and
beautiful thick velvety texture, are the most decorative in
effect of any, and especially valuable to use with flowers in
bowls or vases. Lady Plymouth, the ‘‘variegated rose,” is

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

old or too soft.

August, 1912

very striking in appearance and should have a place in every
collection. Among the sweet-scented sorts also valuable
for their flowers are Clorinda, Dale Park Beauty and Mrs.
Kingsbury.

Of the variegated sorts, Golden Brilliantissimum, Moun-
tain of Snow and Mme. Salleroi, especially the last, are the
most generally used for edgings. Mountain of Snow,
single scarlet; Silver-leafed Nutt, double dark scarlet (see
the illustration) ; Mme. Languth, double red; Mrs. Parker,
double pink, are all desirable for their flowers as well as for
their handsome foliage. Sophie Dumaresque is the most
gorgeous of the “‘tri-colors,” with flowers of very dark sal-
mon. L’Elegante and Duke of Edinburg are variegated
Ivy-leaved Geraniums of remarkable beauty, and should
have a place in every collection and also be freely used for
boxes and baskets.

Lack of space prevents a detailed description of the many
good Ivy-leaved sorts, among which the most striking com-
binations and delicate shades of coloring in Geraniums, can
be found. Alliance, Achievement, Ballade, Ceasar Franck,
Pierre Crozy, Corden’s Glory, Ryecroft Surprise, and
Souvenier de Chas. Turner are all wonderfully beautiful
plants, and worthy the attention of any flower lover.

In the “Cyclops” type some of the best are Leon Bau-
drier, carmine with white eye; Jean Theraud, very dark car-
mine with white eye, and Mme. La Porte Bisquit, immense
bright red flowers with distinct white eye. The ‘‘Cactus”
type is absolutely distinct from all the others, with a charm
and beauty of its own. Small growing plants, but profuse
bloomers, they are exceedingly attractive as a pot plant.
Firedragon, bright red; J. R. Greenhill, soft pink; Diabolo,
fiery scarlet, are some of the best of this, as yet, limited
class. Still another section has been designated ‘‘birds-
egg’ Geraniums, on account of the peculiar dotting and
spotting of the petals. Abel Le Franck, pale lilac, with
carmine dots; Rosamond, deep rose dotted carmine; Sky-
lark, pure white dotted rose; Bandalaire, rose dotted crim-
son, with white center, are some of the best of this very
pretty and interesting class.

Let us give the Geranium more consideration! What
other flower offers greater opportunities to the specialist
or the hobbyist? Now is as good a time as any to get a
plant or two of some of these numerous sorts. Care for
them and work up a supply for the next year to your profit.

HOW TO INCREASE YOUR SUPPLY.

Geraniums are very easy to propagate, and, paradoxical
as it may seem, this is one of the reasons why new varieties
are so slowly introduced. ‘The fact is that Geraniums are
grown mostly by local florists, and new sorts do not get
the advertising in seed catalogues, which they would if sold
more extensively by the larger houses. ‘There is, however,
no excuse for any Geranium lover not to have a supply of
the best varieties, as one plant bought this season should
easily furnish a dozen for next Spring. The best time
for taking cuttings is in the Fall or early Spring. They
should be of new but firm growth, and prepared as illus-
trated on page 291.

The proper condition of wood is shown when it will snap
on being bent. If it bends without breaking it is either too
Let the cuttings dry for 12 or 24 hours
after taking them off, but not enough to shrivel, before
placing them in the sand. Keep shaded after planting,
for a day or two, if bright, to prevent wilting. They root
readily in sand of medium coarseness, kept moist, or by the
“‘saucer’’ system—that is, immersed in sand placed in a
soup plate or similar dish and kept constantly as wet as
mud, and exposed to full sunlight. ‘The best temperature
for rooting is about 50 to 55 degrees at night. Pot off in
finely sifted soil in 2 or 2% inch pots as soon as the roots
are a quarter of an inch long. Water well and shade them.

August, 1912

MAKING THE MOST OF AUTUMNAL
FRUITS

By PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS

HE chief of United States Bureau of

Chemistry announced in a recent lec-
ture, “There is perhaps no one problem
which is more important to the people of
the United States than domestic cooking.”
He might well have added that one of the
most important forms of domestic cookery
pertains not only to the preparation of food
for immediate use, but also to a thorough
knowledge of making the most of season-
able fruits for future use.

During the month of September the
peaches and the grapes will demand the in-
telligent and comprehensive attention of the
housewife, if she is to understand their
possibilities in the form of desserts, salads,
ices and sherbets for present enjoyment,
and the best methods of conserving their
richness for Winter and Spring enjoyment.

UNCOOKED PEACH DESSERT

There are few fruits more attractive than
sweet, ripe, juicy peaches when served raw
for desserts. The plain sliced peaches,
covered with powdered sugar and served
with cream, form a favorite dish that is
quickly prepared. To give variety, the big
soft peaches may be halved and pared (or
skinned), the stones removed, and the
centers filled with almond balls; each half
set in a shallow white nest made of white of
egg beaten with powdered sugar. One egg
will prepare six big peaches, to be served in
individual dessert dishes. Beat the white
with powdered sugar until light and stiff,
then beat the yolk separately, retaining with
it a little of the white; sweeten with pow-
dered sugar and flavor with almond paste to
fill the centers of each; dot the yellow center
with the icing, then form the white nest of
icing around each half. Serve very cold.

Another delicious form of serving peaches
raw is in gelatine form, for quick dessert.
Make a plain gelatine, following the direc-
tions on the box. When partially “set,”
stir in a good quantity of thinly sliced, well-
sugared peaches. Have a layer of gelatine
over the top; set in the ice box to harden,
and serve with whipped cream.

PEACH PIE IN VARIETY

There are many novel ways of making
peach pie, as healthful as they are meltingly
delicious. There is no excuse for the in-
genious housewife to continue in the old rut
of making plain peach pie with upper and
under crust, after grandmother’s favorite
recipe, if there is a dyspetic in the family
who finds this form of dessert too rich. It
must be admitted, however, that the two-
crust peach pie made of flaky tender puff
paste, and made fat and juicy, with a thick
layer of ripe, sweet peaches, forms a dessert
that will delight the most fastidious epicure.

Then, by way of variety, try the newer
meringue pie. Line pie tins with a thin
under crust of puff paste, and bake quickly
to a delicate brown. Then pare, sweeten
and hash a quantity of thoroughly ripe
peaches, well sweetened with powdered
sugar (a potato masher is a handy imple-
ment for quick and thorough mashing).
Heap the crust-lined pie tins with a gener-
ous layer of the peach pulp and cover with
the meringue, made by beating a large table-
spoonful of powdered sugar with each white
of egg, and spread a thin white coating over
the entire surface of each pie.

A peach custard pie is another novelty,
“invented” by a practical cook who is a
genius in serving surprise desserts. It is
made with an under crust of puff paste; on
this is placed a generous layer of peaches
sliced quite fine and sweetened; and over
all is a layer of rich custard. To prevent

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix

September

00K had Planting |

f Ae,

careful planting
the next two months.
Do it when you are
on your grounds and know so well exactly what trees
are needed.

We planted some of these little pines in the picture when

they were only ten inches high. Do you want 500 or 1000 | |
such trees? Or do you want a few largetrees, 12to30feet | . 4
high, right away? We can ship you eitherat once. If you |
have big trees on your place to move, we can do that. 4

Run down in your auto and pick out your trees.
Or send for catalug and make selections.

Westbury

Son, Long Island

Isaac Hicks &

Papasan ame ages rr areecmrepp
» : < .

en i Se

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!

It takes many years to

grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that

give an immediate effect.

Fall Price List gives complete information.

CHESTNUT HILL

ANDORRA NURSERIES ‘NX patabetenia’ Pa.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

Do you want good
information cheap?

Write to us and we will refer you to a Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement that will give you the very data you
need; when writing please state that you wish’ Supple-
ment articles.
@ Scientific American Supplement articles are written by men
who stand foremost in modern science and industry.
@ Each Scientific American Supplement costs only ten cents.
But the information it contains may save you hundreds of dollars.
@ Send for a 1910 catalogue of Supplement articles. It costs
nothing. Act on this suggestion.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

Did Your Berries Pay Expenses This Year ?

Maybe you made a /z¢t/e money—but you worked mighty hard,
didn’t you? You can make *zore money next year with less work, if
you plant the right kinds. You will save one year by planting
Berries this fall. The plants will be rooted and ready to start early, and

Berrydale Plants Set This Fall
Will Bear Fruit Next Summer
‘Himalaya Berry.—Like a blackberry, but ot a blackberry; strong
grower; bears first year. ———
Golden Drop Gooseberry.—Thin

skin. Flavor rich and sweet. 4
Mitting’s Whinham Gooseberry.

Large. Creamy green when ripe.

Write today for my Berry Book,
and get ready to make some money
next summer.

BERRYDALE EXPERIMENT
GARDENS ss
American Avenue
HOLLAND, MICH. 7

MD ie far’ ss Your rns 4
AS Make Farr’s Irises Your Friends PP IX

From March to Late November

A few plants in a favorite corner of the garden
will reveal a variety of forms, with colors and mark-
ings that rival the peerless Orchids. Beginning with
the Dwarf Irises in March you can have these “ rainbow
flowers’’ until the Japanese varieties fade under August
suns, while some rare kinds bloom in late fall. To secure tke
finest flowers the roots should be set in August or early September.

The Most Complete Collection of
Irises and Peonies in the World

Year by year I have added to my gardens until now I have
all the best German, Japanese, English and Spanish Irises, and
a collection of Peonies unsurpassed in Europe or America. If
you want to know more about my hardy perennials—and | am
sure you do—write today for

My Book “ Farr’s Hardy Plants”

A text book on Irises, Peonies, Phloxes and other perennials.
I want to help you plan your garden, so you may know the joys
of friendship with these plants.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
643E Penn Street, Reading, Pa,

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1912

the custard from becoming “watery,” from
contact with the fruit in baking, a little flour
is mixed with the eggs and milk. To each
egg allow a heaping teaspoonful of flour
and one cup of milk. Beat the egg and flour
together until light and creamy, add the

milk, stir until thoroughly mixed, pour over
Would you build your home? the peaches, and pop into a hot oven where
the custard will set quickly. Bake to a light
brown and serve either hot or cold.

Ss
wee

We have books which will broaden your ideas of planning and design.

Do you own your home? MOLDED PEACH DELIGHTS —_
We have books fraught with suggestion for beautifying and increasing the a ey the cua of Meee hit. nee
pleasure and usefulness of it. The Garage. The Boat House. The Fire- CSR Mae oo 2 axed: ii?

large pudding mold, and dainty individual
desserts formed in dariole molds, a pleasing
Would you read the history of art and architecture ? variety of luncheon dainties may be pre-
pared during the season of fresh peaches.

For the molded custards, both the whites

place. The Sundial. Popular Technical Books on Concrete.

We can supply the latest editions for your library.

Do technical books meet your requirements ? and the yolks of the eggs are used. Allow
. . : : . two eggs, one teaspoonful of flour, a cup of

We can furnish everything worth while that is published. rich milk, and half a cup of saeareeman
Send for our general catalogue No. 63 and our summer clearance pint of peach pulp. Pare, mash and rub
sale list. Here you will find many single copies of valuable titles at through a colander sufficient ripe juicy
the lowest of prices. peaches to make one or two pints of pulp,

- according to the number to be served. Beat

—— the yolks and a little of the whites of the

be LO (on ttck bo ZL, Wy i, ; Y, SY the eggs with the flour, add the milk a little at

f ty 105, hen MM. / | a time, and rub smooth; then add the sugar,

and the smooth peach pulp. Butter the

molds, fill two thirds full with the thick

custard, and cover generously with the

meringue made by beating the whites of

the eggs to a stiff icing with powdered

sugar; add a little almond flavor, bake

quickly, and do not turn from the molds
until very cold, just before serving.

If the hot custard is preferred for
variety, bake just before serving, and do
not turn from the custard cups when
served.

A so-called “peach delight,” which can
be served as a novelty in peach shortcake
(or as a rich baked pudding), is baked in
a deep buttered pudding dish. Place a
layer of sliced peaches in the dish, dot with
bits of butter and a slight sprinkle of
blanched almonds, chopped very fine, and
covered with a thin layer of granulated
sugar and a sprinkle of finely sifted
cracker crumbs. Repeat the layer of
peaches, sweetening, and flavoring, until
the pudding dish is full. Make a rich pie
crust of puff paste for the top, about an
inch thick. Make several incisions in the
crust, to allow the steam to escape. Bake
in a moderate oven, and serve hot with
creamed butter and sugar; cutting the crust
in pieces as for pie, and heaping with the
peaches and dressing. It is equally fine

‘served cold with whipped cream.
r Handbook for Gementand Goncrete Users |)j °°" sci assones
or the “peach dariole,”’ make a syrup o
A aiid et apa ae oan ste half a Ei each of sugar and water.

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND
12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid.

qi is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num-

ber of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment,

will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance
complete practical instructions are given for building the various
articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc-
tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents; also
such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves.
@ The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of
skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats,
scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance
called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov-
ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building,
in which six different kinds of bridges, including a simple can-
tilever bridge, are described.

FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES

JUST PUBLISHED

Octavo (614 x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. When boiling, drop in a quart of halved
Price, $2.50, Postpaid peaches, and cook until tender. When done

select six of the finest unbroken halves, and
rub the remainder through a sieve or
colander to make smooth and free from
lumps. Reheat the peach pulp, and stir in
a teaspoonful of cornstarch (moistened
with a little water) and the white of an
egg. Beat the mixture together while
warm, until it forms a stiff, smooth rich
sauce. For additional flavor add extra
sugar, lemon juice, or almond flavoring as
desired. Butter dariole molds (or if nec-

HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in

the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work.

The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of
interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The
matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully
illustrated and free from involved mathematics. E-verything of value to the
concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the
various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of
the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its

thorough treatment of the subject:
I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in

Baton st Concrete pious vine Rees of Cement Employed in Constvaction: IV. Tacs Ordinary and essary old teacups used for baking) place
ydraulic. jis ime asters. b atura ements. : ortlan ement. VIII. Inspection and . 4 1
een: IX. See NON orm borcign PETER sel X. Sand, Peaks ang Broken poten: a half of peach mn eel an m with the
sole ortar. <II. Grout. 5 oncrete ain). fs oncrete einforced). V. ethods and i

Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks. SEITE) ONES with 35) Gee
2 Cena Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. a eens Conduits: BS eoncicie FOR WINTER USE

iles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. : ;
XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII. Concrete Arches In putting up the peaches for Winter use.
and Abutments. XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work. it should be ‘remembered that the clear

XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. XXXII. Con 600 . : ith
crete on fie ann ee Concrete CEO TONG Concrete (fer Oe Oe ee peach juice does not make firm jelly with-
crete Mausoleums an jiiscellaneous ses. 2 nspection for oncrete ork. 5 ater- yi 2 . ; 1 s
proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for out considerable difficulty. A slight pro-

Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work. portion of apple juice, about one fourth the

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York quantity, will give good texture and flavor.
The canned and preserved peaches, the

August, 1912

jam and marmalade can be “put up” (with-
out apple juice) by the same processes that
have already been suggested in these
columns for other fruits. It is especially
desirable to can great quantities; simply
cooking big firm halves in sugar and water
syrup; as the canned peaches may be used
the same as the fresh, for Winter pies
puddings and dumplings, and various novel-
ties in desserts.
GRAPE NOVELTIES

Grape catsup and spiced grapes are
culinary novelties certain to delight the
palate in Winter and Spring, accordingly
a goodly quantity should be prepared each
Autumn. While much the same spices are
used for each, the former should be rubbed
smooth, through a sieve, and for the latter
the grapes should be left whole. For the
grape catsup, pick the grapes from the
stems, boil in a little water until soft, then
rub through a sieve, removing all seeds and
skins, and to every six pounds of smooth
pulp, add three pounds of sugar, one pint of
vinegar, and one tablespoonful each of salt,
cloves and cinnamon; boil slowly together
until thick, bottle and cork while hot.
Later, dip the corks and tops of the bottles
in paraffine before storing in the dark pre-
serve closet.

For the spiced grapes, allow four pounds
of sugar and a pint of good vinegar, with
two tablespoonfuls of powdered cinnamon,
and two of cloves, for each five pounds of
grapes. Tie the spices in a bag, and cook
slowly with the grapes in the vinegar and
sugar syrup. Cook down until rather stiff,
and seal in glass jars.

GRAPE JUICE AND JELLY

Quantities of clear, rich grape juice
should be bottled each Autumn for use in
fruit sauce and sherbets, and in forming a
delicious drink of appetizing and medicinal
quality. In preparing the juice, use only
the clearest, that drains through the jelly
bag without squeezing; allow one pound of
sugar to every three pints of juice; boil
slowly until clear and rich, but not thick
enough to jelly. Bottle while boiling hot.
Have the corks previously boiled, and force
them firmly to make the mouth of each
bottle perfectly air tight. Finish with the
paraffine coating. The secret of avoiding
the objectionable “grape crystals” in the
jelly, as well as in the bottled grape juice.
lies in taking only the clearest of the first-
running juice from the jelly bag; the final
drippings, or juice squeezed from the bag,
may produce disastrous results. None of
this need be wasted, however, as all the
pulp and “cloudy juice” may be utilized in
tich grape jam. Partially green grapes are
best in jelly—another important point to
bear in mind. The “dead-ripe” grapes
make a jelly lacking in tartness and spici-
ness of flavor, and one that is difficult to
“jell.” Allow one pint of sugar to every
pint of juice, boil gently until it drips from
the spoon in hot-jelly-texture. Pour in the
jelly glasses. When cool, cover with a thin
coating of paraffine and the usual tin caps
or the paper covers.

GRAPE JAM PRESERVES AND MARMALADE

When there is a quantity of rich grape
pulp, with a good proportion of juice left
after securing the clear juice for bottling
and for jellies, it may be used for the jam
without additional fruit. Rub through a
steve and allow equal quantities of pulp and
sugar; boil slowly until thick and well
done, and seal with the paraffine and caps,
either in jelly glasses or glass jars.

For the preserves to be cooked down
thick, cook additional grapes—the partially
green preferred—to add to the prepared
pulp; remove all skins and seeds by careful
straining.

AMERICAN

HOMES! AND GARDENS

: !
} N intense pure white enamel finish. Will not show laps nor brush

marks.

MS Rs Sd Mae Te te

val

bs Send for Sample Panel and Free Booklet.
Pratt & Lambert-Inc.,119 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
Canada, 63 Courtwright Street, Bridgeburg, Ontario.

Address S
In \
3

ER SOME ma earn ee BLI
> 4 4q N te a 2 ¥
i" ; | oe ee : ot 6 Z =

> ,
88ss

We will send you FREE our book “The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture” and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax

(This text book of thirty-two pages is very attractive— it contains eighty illustrations, forty-four

of which are in color)

You will find this book particularly useful if you are contemplating
building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want to
secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense.
book is full of valuable information for everyone who is interested in

their home. Mail coupon for it to-day.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of Johnson’s
Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

No.
‘No.
No.
No.
No.

126 Light Oak
123 Dark Oak
125 Mission Oak
140 Early English
110 Bog Oak

fur Mission furniture.

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

a complete finish and polish for all wood-floors, woodwork and furniture—including pianos.
Johnson’s Prepared Wax should be applied with a cloth and rubbed to a polish with
a dry cloth. It imparts a velvety protecting finish of great beauty. It can be used successfully over all finishes,
Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for sale by all leading x

This

cheap, painty effect. :
Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the word—it pene-
trates deeply into the wood bringing out its natural beauty without rais-

ing the grain. It is made in fifteen beautiful shades, as follows :
No. 128 Light Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green
No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green
No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 131 Brown Weathered No. 178 Brown Flemish
No. 132 Green Weathered No. 120 Fumed Oak

HALF GALLONS $1.60

Just the thing

drug and paint dealers. If your dealer hasn’t them in ms

stock he can easily procure them through his jobber. a

2
Fill out the attached coupon for - PI
booklet and free samples. s ease

Pod Use This
oe” FREE Coupon

S. C. Johnson & Son Fo I accept your

A C = Offer of Free Book-

Racine, Wis. oa ler Edition(A.H.8)and
e :

o two sample bottles ofJohn-

The son's Wood Dye. Send me

Wood ‘ ra SNACESEN OS. cle icle inicio lotelorsictetete
Finishing e** and one sample can of Johnson's
Aotiiorth re Prepared Wax.
ties oe Name sercteeeinio ss lceccisisincleeisindteencicc
is ROME AUA Teas rianistae eee ries ieee oes «soos
2
gfe ecco tren n eee ee ceeececreneces secs cscene
ca
Pod eee ee
Me

Oe te et ed ee ey eee

os
a

FIFTY-SEVEN YEARS OF QUALITY

HE LARGE crowds around the Wolff booth
at the First Hosehold Show held in Chicago,

which just came to a successful close, re-

vealed to us the increasing demand for modern

sanitary plumbing goods.

Our aim was to show a line of fixtures that
would be a credit to any home and within the
reach of any purse.

You—who have not had the opportunity of
seeing this exhibit, can secure an illustrated book-
let, showing bath rooms from the modest three-
piece fixtures to the most elaborate.

A postal will bring it.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The only complete line made by any one firm

GENERAL OFFICES

601-627 West Lake Street, Chicago
Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn St., Chicago

Denver, Colo.

renton, N. J.
Neb.

Omaha,
Dallas, Texas

use

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“It makes the house a home”’
Send stamp today for “Economy Way”
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

““ Economy * Gas !s automatic, Sanitary and No&Poisonous

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

7 Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
My

j windows securely fastened with
je The Ives Window

Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-gage Catalogue Hardware Spectalties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES Co.

Sore MANUFACTURERS «ooo NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Feo

efit? ee

St. Louis, Mo.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Kansas City, Mo.
Cleveland, Ohio

Cincinnati, Ohio
San Francisco, Cal.
Buffalo, N. Y,
Washington, D.C.

E wish to call attention to the fact ae

we are in a position to render com-
Wess services in every branch_ of
patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and
chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre-
pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed
in all countries foreign to the United
States.

MUNN & CO.,
Patent Attorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

We ee re be We

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

August, 1912

THE MEXICAN KITCHEN

O a person accustomed to the luxuri-

ousness of an American kitchen, the
crudity of a “Cocina Mexicana” is at first
sight most disheartening, writes a contribu-
tor to Gas Logic. There are no conven-
iences or labor-saving devices, and the lack
of these has almost proved the undoing of
many a house-keeping novice in Mexico.
The “brasero” which does duty for our
kitchen range is a puzzle which some
women never solve.

As a rule, the Mexican kitchens are clean,
though you could hardly call them tidy.
There are never any closets. The red brick
floor gives a cheery look and the grass mats,
called ‘‘petates,” spread over the bricks lend
an impression of cleanliness, the buff or
blue walls forming a good background for
the array of “ollas” or earthenware crocks,
wooden spoons, and few iron utensils which
are hung around.

The brasero, generally of blue and white
tiles, is a long affair standing on medium
high legs. Across the front are as many
square openings as there are grates on top.
Into the grates the charcoal is put, together
with some pine splinters, the maid patiently
working a straw fan back and forth in front
of the lower openings, which correspond
to the draughts in our ranges; after some
time the charcoal ignites and a hot fire is
started—a feat impossible to an amateur.

Upon the charcoal of each grate the ollas
of various sizes are balanced. These are
the cooking utensils of the country, and are
made of a dark-brown, highly glazed clay,
which heats quickly and retains the heat
a long time. As the charcoal burns it nat-
urally changes position, thus endangering
the proper balance of the ollas, a condition
not unknown to result in toppling the din-
ner into the fire.

For roasting meats and baking, a square
tin oven is placed on top of the brasero,
covering two or more of the grates in which
a hot fire has been started. It takes a long
time, with much fanning, for the oven to
heat sufficiently, so that roast for dinner or
a batch of fresh bread is no light matter.

INTERNATIONAL DECORATIVE
EXPOSITION

MBASSADOR Myron T. Herrick, of

Paris, has been officially informed that
the commission in charge of the Interna-
tional Exposition of Modern Decorative
Art, which was to have been held in Paris
during 1915, has decided to postpone this
exhibition for a year in order to avoid its
coinciding with the Panama-Pacific Expo-
sition at San Francisco.

CURIOUS USES OF LIQUID AIR

S a motive power for operating auto-

mobiles and motorboats, says Leslie’s
Weekly, liquid air is superior to the elec-
tric storage battery, since it requires no
tedious waiting for the process of recharg-
ing and it delivers more than double the
power of the former, with half the weight.
Gasolene is not in the same class with
liquid air, for the latter emits no noxious
odors nor is there any danger of explo-
sions. As a refrigerant there is no source
of cold like liquid air. Other than operat-
ing automobiles and serving as a refriger-
ant, there is hardly a thing in the human
mind can think of that liquid air cannot
do, from providing a magical entertainment
to the production of continuous power. Yet
there is lacking a process by which it can
be produced cheaply enough to compete
with other sources of motive forces now in

_ use.

August, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xil1

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE TABLE

HEN customs become so univer-

sal,” writes Dr. R. S. Levison in
the California Medical and Surgical Re-
ports, “as to have those of the civilized
world in regard to the composition of the
daily meal and the order of the various
courses comprising it, they no longer excite
our curiosity. Were one asked for the
reason for our practices in the composition
of an ordinary dinner he would probably
state that custom had established the rou-
tine and would not for a moment think
that there is good physiological reason for
it. There nevertheless is. The discoveries
in the physiology of digestion during the
past dozen years have shown that there is
scientific basis for our habits in the taking
of food and that we have unconsciously
established a routine of courses in the din-
ner that takes thorough cognizance of the
physiological principles upon which diges-
tion is founded.

“In more elaborate affairs than the ordin-
ary dinner there is seen to be on analysis
a purposiveness in our practices that
may on casual observation seem to be en-
tirely without physiological significance.
Take, for instance, the elaborate gowns
worn by the women and the evening suits
by the men, the floral decorations, and the
music.

“There is no doubt that each of these
serves the function of composing a gener-
ally favorable stage setting as it were for
digestion. It has been abundantly shown
in recent years that a person’s mood is of
the greatest significance in the performance
of the digestive functions. If one is in
a happy state of mind, free from cares and
worries of his professional commercial sur-
roundings, digestion proceeds as it nor-
mally should; on the other hand, worry,
angeh, and anxiety are potent factors in
destroying the normal progress of the di-
gestive functions. There can be but little
doubt that such practices as we have men-
tioned tend to dispel any of these unfavor-
able moods that may be the relics of the
care-laden day, and produce a frame of
mind conducive to the normal progress of
digestion.

“Coming now to a consideration of the
composition of the meal itself, think how
frequently the first course consists of some
article of food which appeals forcibly to
our sense of smell, as caviar, sardellen,
anchovies, or smoked salmon. This prac-
tice is of course in accord with the princi-
ples of digestion first thoroughly investi-
gated by Parlow, who showed in his
wonderful series of experiments that the
most potent factors in the production of
a favorable flow of gastric juice are stimuli
which appeals to the various special senses,
chiefly smell and taste. Moreover, the taste
of these articles as well as others commonly
employed as one of the introductory courses
of a meal, such as oyster, lobster, clam, or
crab cocktail, salads, and the various rel-
ishes, is such as to appeal forcibly to the
sense of taste and thus produce an abund-
and flow of ‘psychical’ gastric juice. The
importance of the psychical influence of
these articles of food will, I think, be at
once appreciated by most individuals if
they but think for a moment of such arti-
cles and note the ready flow of saliva
which ensues. Though without any note-
worthy amount of nutrative value, such
foods are of great importance in digestion
on account of their influence in inaugurat-
ing the flow of gastric juice.

“The second course in the usual dinner
menu is soup, and here we again find sub-
stantial physiological reasons for its being

placed where it is. Here also we are in-
debted to Parlow for the discovery of the
fact that the only other stimulus to the
flow of gastric juice besides the various
appeals to the special senses, is a chemical
one, and the most potent factors inducing
this flow of chemical gastric juice are the
meat extractives, which of course are the
principal components of broths and soups.
We thus see that there is a definite physio-
logical reason for the introduction of broths
and soups into the early stages of the meal,

“The entree which usually follows the
soup apparently serves the rather nega-
tive purpose of merely consuming time
for the acid gastric juice to be secreted in
sufficient quantities to be in readiness for
reception of the next, and, from the gastric
standpoint, the most important course of
the meal, the meat course; so far as gastric
digestion is concerned, proteids, as repre-
sented by meat, are the most important
articles of the meal, and it is the digestion
of these for which we may consider the
previous gastric activity to have been in
preparation.

“Dessert is usually composed of entirely
different food stuffs than are the earlier
courses. Carbohydrate preparations of
frozen foods composed chiefly of milk or
cream, water, fruit flavors and sugar, com-
pose the desserts usually found on the mod-
ern menu. Here again physiological
research gives us an excellent reason for
the placing of these articles at the end of
the meal. Unutil within recent years the
general medical as well as lay view of the
stomach was a large hollow organ which
by a vigorous churning movement mixed
together all of the food stuffs introduced

into it, and when this was sufficiently
churned and mixed, expelled it into the
duodenum. To-day we know that this

is quite incorrect. Instead of there being
a general admixture of all the matter taken
into the stomach there is a layer-like ar-
rangement in which the material first intro-
duced takes a peripheral position next to
the gastric muscosa, that subsequently in-
troduced taking a more and more central
position. Only the material which lies next
to the gastric mucous membrane is acted
upon by the gastric juice; when the latter
agent has sufficiently acidified and pepno-
tized this, the slow wavy peristalsis of the
fundus moves this peripheral portion into
the pyloric antrum and thus the next layer
comes into contact with the mucosa.

“According to this process, the food last
taken into the stomach is thus placed most
centrally and is in this way protected from
the action of the acid gastric juice for as
long as several hours. It is this fact which
gives us the reason for the carbohydrate
food stuffs being placed at the end of the
meal. It is well known that the gastric
secretions contain no ferments which act
upon starch. Such a ferment, however, is
contained in considerable quantities in the
saliva, the so-called amylopsin. In the pro-
cess of mastication and insalivation of the
food, the amylopsin comes into intimate
contact with the food particles and, given
favorable surroundings, is able to effect a
considerable degree of starch digestion, for
quite some time after the food leaves the
mouth. This favorable surrounding the
carbohydrate dessert finds in the central
position that it takes in the stomach con-
tents, where it is well protected from the
action of the acid gastric juice which, a:
is well known, would immediately destroy
the activity of amylopsin, which is able to
act only in an alkaline medium.

“We thus see that there is sound physio-
logical reason for the arrangement of the
meal as composed in civilized countries.

r cx 4 CEMENT HOME
(enn by

vy
ake now be

waterproof finish in beautiful soft tones of
White, Buff, Green, Gray, etc., overcoming
all objections to the severe plainness and
cold look of Cement.
For old houses as well as new.
Send 10c for book of valuable information.
THE OHIO VARNISH CO. 8604 Kinsman Rd. Cleveland

Landscape Gardening

Everyone interested in suburban and
country life should know about the
home study courses in Horticulture,
Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, etc.,

which we offer under Prof. Craig and others
of the Department of Horticulture of Cornell
University,

250-page Catalogue Free

Prof. Craig Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

> GOT BOSE ee

A collection of designs showing perspectives in that ever beautiful style
with floor plans arranged to meet the requirements of modern days.
Contains designs -anging in cost from $5.000 to $30,000. Price £2.00 by
express prepaid. Also “STUCCO HOUSES” with new designs
for 1912. It shows designs costing from §9,000 to $35,000. Price $5.00

express prepaid.
E. S. CHILD, ARCHITECT
Room 1020 29 Broadway New York City

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers
Write for Circulars and Prices

F. E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

te a oe ae aie ie ane a at all about
Bay State Brick andCement Coating |

as a protection and tint for concrete, stucco and brick.

| Wadsworth, Howland & Co., Inc.

‘ Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders
| 82-84 Washington St. Boston, Mass.

MODEL EE TOURING CAR

5-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase
$900 f.o.b. Detroit

R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE

Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-
venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's
upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models.

THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.

PROTECT eur, foors

and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes. If your dealer will not
supply you
Write us—Onward Mees ce: by
Menasha, Wisconsin, U,
Caradian Factory, Berlin, font

FRANCIS HOWARD

5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.

Benches, Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts,

Garden Experts. Send I 5c. for Booklet
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

Entrances

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

VALUABLE PAPERS ON

CONCRETE
REINFORCED CONCRETE
and CONCRETE
BUILDING BLOCKS

Scientific American Supplement 1543
contains an article on Concrete by
Brysson Cunningham. The article
clearly describes the proper compo-
sition and mixture of concrete and
gives the results of elaborate tests.

Scientific American Supplement 1538S
gives the proportion of gravel and
sand to be used in concrete.

Scientific American Supplements 1567,
1568, 1569, 1570 and 1571 contain an
elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry
J. Jones of the various systems of
reinforcing concrete, concrete con-
struction and their applications.
These articles constitute a splendid
text book on the subject of rein-
forced concrete. Nothing better has
been published.

Scientific American Supplement 997
contains an article by Spencer New-
berry, in which practical notes on
the proper preparation of concrete
are given.

Scientific American Supplements 1568
and 1569 present a helpful account
of the making of concrete blocks by
Spencer Newberry.

Scientifie American Supplement 1534
gives a critical review of the engin-
eering value of reinforced concrete.

Scientific American Supplements 1547
and 1548 give a resume in which the
various systems of reinforced con-
crete construction are discussed and
illustrated.

Scientific American Supplements 1564
and 1565 contain an article by Lewis
& Hicks. in which the merits and de-
fects of reinforced concrete are ana-
lyzed.

Scientific American Supplement 1551
contains the principles of reinforced
concrete with some practical illus-
trations by Walter Loring Webb.

Scientific American Supplement 1573
contains an article by Louis H. Gib-
son on the principles of success in
concrete block manufacture, illus-
trated.

Scientific American Supplement 1574
discusses steel for reinforced con-
crete.

Scientific American Supplements 1575,
1576 and 1577 contain a paper by
Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement
mortar and concrete, their prepara-
tion and use for farm purposes. The
paper exhaustively discusses’ the
making of mortar and concrete, de-
positing of concrete, facing concrete,
wood forms, concrete sidewalks, de-
tails of construction of reinforced
concrete posts, ete.

Scientific American Supplement 1586
contains a review of concrete mixing
machinery by William L. Larkin.

Scientific American Supplement 1583
gives valuable suggestions on the
selection of Portland cement for con-
crete blocks.

Scientific American Supplement 1581
splendidly discusses concrete aggre-
gates. A helpful paper.

Scientific American Supplement 1595
and 1596 present a thorough discus-
sion of sand for mortar and concrete
by Sanford E. Thomson.

Scientific American Supplement 1586
contains a paper by William L. Lar-
kin on Concrete Mixing Machinery,
in which the leading types of mixers
are discussed.

Scientific American Supplement 1626
publishes a practical paper by Henry
H. Quimby on Concrete Surfaces.

Scientific American Supplement 1624
tells how to select the proportions for
concrete and gives helpful sugges-
tions on the Treatment of Concrete
Surfaces.

Scientific
discusses
struction.

Scientific American Supplement 1639
contains a paper by Richard K.
Meade on the Prevention of Freez-
ing in Concrete by Calcium Chloride.

in Scientific American Supplement 1605
Mr. Sanford BE. Thomson thoroughly
discusses the proportioning of Con-
crete.

Scientific American Supplement 1578
tells why some fail in the Concrete
Block business.

Scientific American Supplement 1608S
contains a discriminating paper by
Ross F. Tucker on the Progress and
Logical Design of Reinforced Con-
Greer

American
Forms

Supplement 1634
of Concrete Con-

@ Each number of the Supplement costs 10 cents.
@A set of papers containing all the articles above

mentioned will be mailed for $3 40. @Send for a

copy of the 1910 Supplement Catalogue. {Free to

any address Order from your Newsdealer or from
MUNN & CO.,, Inc., Publishers,

361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

NEW BOOKS [i

S z

ARABIAN WispoM. Selections translated by
John Wortabet, M.D. New York: E.
P. Dutton & Co. Cloth; 16mo.; 75 pages.
Price, 40 cents net.

The Arabic language is particularly rich
in wise sayings and proverbs, and Dr.
Wortabet has compiled from Oriental
sources an excellent little handbook to serve
as an introduction to an appreciation of
the little-known wealth of material in
Arabic literature. One could not choose a
better guide.

THE RELIGION OF THE Koran. By Arthur
N. Wollaston, K.C.1.E. New York: E.
P:. Dutton & ‘Go, (Cloth; W6mo;s 70
pages. Price, 40 cents net.

As the sacred volume of some one hun-
dred and seventy millions of the present-
day inhabitants of the world, the Koran
possesses an interest and importance that
well merits, and will amply repay, atten-
tion and study. The admirably translated,
well arranged and carefully selected ex-
tracts from the Koran contained in this lit-
tle volume commends it to student and lay-
man alike.

THE TEACHINGS OF ZOROASTER. By S. A.
Kapadia, M.D. New York: E. P. Dut-
ton & Co., 1911. Cloth; 16mo.; 104
pages. Price, 60 cents net.

The ancient precepts of the Persian
prophet of the Parsis are clearly set forth
in “The Teachings of Zoroaster,’ by Dr.
Kapadia, who is an authority of the Parsi
religion, and whose little book is one of
the most interesting of the later volumes in
“The Wisdom of the East Series,” and will
introduce the Western reader to a prepara-
tory knowledge of the tenets of the great
Persian moralist who lived and preached
some 3,500 years ago.

Tue WIspoM OF THE ApocrypHA. New
York: E. P. Dutton & Co. Cloth; 16mo. ;
124 pages. Price, 60 cents net.

The selection of the two Apocryphal
books of the Old Testament—The Wisdom
of Solomon and Ecclesiasticus—which ap-
pear in this little volume accompanied by
an introduction from the pen of C. E. Law-
rence, has been made by the editors of “The
Wisdom of the East Series,’ as present-
ing human documents reflecting the ideals
and the philosophly of eastern wisdom.
From this point of view there can be no
question of the great interest and value of
these books, not unworthy to be ranged,
as literature, with ‘The Proverbs” and
“Ecclesiastes, although not attaining equal-
ity of excellence with these accepted parts
of the Canon. As the wisdom-books re-
printed in the present volume give helpful
strengthening counsel on the great and the
little troubles, fears, comforts, questions
which—all in a tangle and somehow—com-
prise human life, they should become less
neglected than they are at present.

THe Stupio YEAR-Book oF DECORATIVE
ArT ror 1912. New York: John Lane
Company. Paper. Large svo, Mln-
strated. 254 pp. Price, $3.00 net.

This is a pictorial review of the latest
developments in the artistic construction in
the decoration and furnishing of the house,
It is planned to appeal to all who are in-
terested in such matters. While the text is
of no special importance, even meagre in

August, 1912

its data at times, the illustrations are ex-
cellent and present a diversity of subject
matters will worth careful attention.

INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS.
By Eugenio Rignano. Chicago: The
Open Court Publishing Company: 1911.
Cloth. 8vo. 413 pages. Price, $3 net.
Professor Basil Harvey, the translator

of this work, contributes to it a preface

wherein he states that the author is a stu-
dent of Biology who has also the training
of an engineer and physicist. His attack on
biological problems is from that side. In
this book he offers an explanation on a
physical basis of assimilation, cell division,
and the biogenetic law of recapitulation in
ontogeny, and he suggests a mechanism
whereby the inheritance of acquired char-
acters may be effected. This much dis-
cussed but unsolved question excites the

keenest interest and the present work is a

valuable contribution to the subject, the re-

sult of much original investigation.

Farm Boys anp Grrts. By William A.
McKeever. New York: Macmillan Com-
pany. 1912. Cloth. 8vo. 326 pages.
Price, $1.50 net.

The reviewer heartily endorses the pur-
pose of this excellent book, in the prepara-
tion of which the author appears to have
had in mind two classes of readers; namely,
the rural parents and the many persons who
are interested in carrying forward the rural
work discussed in the several chapters on
“Building a Good Life,” “The Time To
3uild,’ “The Rural Home and Character
Development,” “The Country Mother and
the Children,” “Constructing the Country
Dwelling,” “Juvenile Literature in the
Farm Home,” “The Rural Church and the
Young People,” “The Transformation of
the Rural School,” “The Farmer and His
Wife,” “How Much Work for the Coun-
try Boy,” and others. This is one of the
most helpful volumes that have appeared in
Macmillan’s “Rural Science Series.”

NorRTH WALSHAM AND THE NORFOLK
Broaps. By Florence Bohun. Yelverton
(South Devon). By Edward Francis,
New York: Frederick Warne & Co.,
1911.

These are two newly-issued “Homeland”
guidebooks, abounding in fine illustration
and graphic description and maintaining in
every way the high standard which the pub-
lishers have set themselves. Cheap in price
and ephemeral as to concrete make-up, the
little booklets may be tucked away in a poc-
ket without compunction, yet are ever ready
to yield up their exact knowledge and in-
spiring information for the benefit of trav-
eler or shut-in. History, topography and
present-day features of interest are alike
charmingly unfolded.

THe Sayincs:-or Conructus. By Lionel
Giles, M.A. New York: E. P. Dutton
& Co, Cloth; 16mo.; 132 pages. Price,
60 cents.

This is a new and excellent translation

of the greater part of the Confucian

Analects. Confucius stands forth as one of
the few supremely great figures in the
world’s history, and yet how httle we have
chosen to concern ourselves with arything
about him beyond that fact. Professor
Giles’ excellent volume will enable the
reader who has been neglectful in the past
to make amends conveniently and briefly,
since this little book, though small in com-
pass, is rich in presenting to us glimpses of
the philosophy of the greatest figure in
Chinese history and of the man, Confucius
himself.

August, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV

ALASKAN REINDEER HERDS

HE report of the United States Bureau

of Education records data received
from the Alaskan reindeer stations for the
fiscal year ending June, 1911, showing a
total of 33,629 reindeer, distributed among
46 herds. Of the 33,629 reindeer, 20,071,
or 60 per cent., are owned by 460 natives;
3,901, or 11 per cent., are owned by the
United States; 4,663, or 14 per cent., are
owned by missions, and 4,944, or 15 per
cent., are owned by Lapps.

The income to the natives of Alaska from
the reindeer industry during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1911, including salaries
earned by service in connection with the
herds, the proceeds from the sale of meat
and skins, and the amount received by them
from trapping and other sources, in con-
nection with their duties with the herds, is
estimated to have been $42,216.10.

In the course of the year six new herds
were established by dividing some of the
larger herds. Two parties of herders re-
moved their reindeer from the herd on the
Nuluk River, near Wales, and established
new centers of the reindeer industry on the
Mint River and on the Serpentine River.
Other parties of herders removed their
reindeer from the herd at Shishmaref, and
moved to the Buckland River and to Good
Hope. Herders also removed their deer
from the herd at Sinuk to Cape Douglas,
and from Quinhagak to Togiak. Two of
the herds were discontinued, the Nulato
herd being moved to Golsovia, and the
former Shishmaref herd No. 3 to the Buck-
land River and Good Hope, as stated above.

The most notable extension of the rein-
deer enterprise was the delivery to the De-
partment of Commerce and Labor of rein-
deer for use in stocking St. Paul and St.
George Islands, in Behring Sea. During
August, 1911, the U. S. S. Bear received 40
reindeer from the herd at Unalakleet, 25 of
which were landed on St. Paul Island, and
15 on St. George Island.

During 1909, arrangements were made
with the Department of Agriculture per-
mitting the exportation of reindeer meat,
hides, and horns, under proper certification
by the representatives of the Bureau of
Education. It was not deemed wise, how-
ever, to encourage such exportation until
the herds had increased sufficiently to sup-
ply adequately the local needs of natives
and white men. Information having been
received that the herds now furnish an
ample source of supply of fresh meat to
the native villages and towns in their vicin-
ity, it was decided that the exportation
could begin.

In October, 1911, the first shipment of
reindeer meat left Nome for Seattle. It
consisted of about 125 carcasses, purchased
by a cold-storage company from Eskimo
herders. This shipment of approximately
18,750 pounds found a ready sale in Seattle
at prices ranging from 25 to 75 cents per
pound, according to the cut.

It is estimated that there are in northern
and western Alaska approximately 400,000
square miles of treeless regions, which are
worthless for agricultural purposes, but
which could furnish pasturage for 10,000,-
000 reindeer. It is possible that, with the
present rate of increase, there may be in
Alaska in less than 25 years some 2,000,000
reindeer, and that the United States may
draw a considerable part of its meat supply
from the reindeer herds in Alaska.

Influenced by the success of the reindeer
enterprise in Alaska, in January, 1908, Dr.
Wilfred Grenfell imported 300 reindeer
from Lapland into Labrador. These had
increased to about 1,200 in 1911. They are

Cae

The superior quality of Bausch & Lomb
lenses, microscopes, field glasses, projection
apparatus, engineering and other scientific
instruments 1s the product of nearly 60 years
experience.

So Can You

—take pictures that would do credit to
a newspaper photographer.

It isn’t all skill and experience, it’s
the /ens that makes possible the won-
derful ‘‘snaps’’ of real life that one
sees In magazines and newspapers.

You, too, can take them—often
record breakers—if your camera is
equipped with such a lens as the

Bausch [omb feiss

TESSAR [ENS

Its wonderful light-gathering power makes possible
the getting of good negatives under lighting conditions
hopeless for an ordinary lens.

Its great speed catches sharply the most rapid move-
ment, giving clean, clear-cut results.

The ‘‘all ’round’’ lens that puts everything within
your camera’s reach—that is the Tessar.

Our new Catalog 34 H, just off the press,
gives prices and complete information.
Write for a free copy today, and in the
meantime see your dealer.

Bausch £F lomb Optical G.

NEW YORK WASHINGTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
LoNnDOoON ROCHESTER,N,Y. FRANKFORT

Just Published

DETACHED DWELLINGS

Country and Suburban
PART II.

A series of treatises on country and suburban houses, ranging in

cost from $5,000 to $7,500,

and their landscape environment,

contributed by architects of established reputation in this class of
work. Atttractively illustrated by half-tone engravings showing the
latest accomplishments in domestic and landscape architecture.

The book has a two-fold

interest, not only as a volume of

delightful literary work and illustration, but as a reference book on
country and suburban dwellings of exceptional value.
The illustrations comprise 112 plates of half-tone reproductions

and 38 text illustrations.

Cloth bound. Size 9 x 123 inches.
Price $5.00 postpaid

MUNN & CO,, Inc.

Install , a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure

water. Paddock Water Filters are placed at the

inlet an

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

In New Yor ity
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

361 Broadway, New York

_ Write for
“The Quiet Life”’
The
= =a Yale X Towne Mfe.Co.
SSS SSS 9 Murray St., New York

xvI AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1912

PLANS and SPECIFICATIONS + $10
OF THIS BUNGALOW:

a TT
“The Draughtsman”

4] 1912 Bungalow Book Contains 100 illustrations

‘} of advanced designs of bungalows, featuring

i] the new Modified Ewiss Chalet and _Japanese
Architecture.

PRICE 25 CENTS ‘POST. PAID

DE LUXE BUILDING CO.

523A Union League Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal.

SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL BOOKS
@ WE, HAVE JUST ISSUED A NEW CATALOGUE, OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

books, which contains the titles and descriptions of 3500 of the Jatest and best books covering
the various branches of the useful arts and industries.

OUR “BOOK DEPARTMENT” CAN SUPPLY THESE BOOKS OR ANY OTHER
Scientific or technical books published, and forward them by mail or express prepaid to any
address in the world on receipt of the regular advertised price.

SEND US YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS, AND A COPY OF THIS CATALOGUE

will be mailed to you, free of charge.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE 361 Broadway, New York City

NOW READY =
® e e e @
The Scientific American

With Hints for the Ocean Voyage for European

By ALBERT A. HOPKINS

Editor of Scientific American Reference Book. 500 Pages. 500 Illus-
trations. Flexible cover, $2.00, net. Full leather, $2.50, net, postpaid.

At last the ideal guide, the result of twenty years of study and
travel, is completed. It is endorsed by every steamship and rail-
road company in Europe. To those who are not planning a trip it is

equally informing. Send for illustrated circular containing 100 questions

| out of 2,500 this book will answer. Itis mailed free and will give some kind of idea of the contents of
this unique book, which should be in the hands of all readers of the A4merican Homes and Gardens,
as it tells you exactly what you have wanted to know about a trip abroad and the ocean voyage.

WHAT THE BOOK CONTAINS—500 Illustrations, 6 Color Plates, 9 Maps in Pocket,
Names 2,000 Hotels, with price; All About Ships, “A Safer Sea,” Automobiling in Europe,
The Sea and its Navigation, Statistical Information, Ocean Records, 400 Tours With
Prices, The Passion Plays, Practical Guide to London, Practical Guide to Paris.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

Lane’s Ball Bearing Parlor Door Hangers

Are the easiest running,

: nom al TTT most nearly noiseless,
| i . | strongest, as well as the
Wh Sui, oe eS most durable hanger on
the market to-day. For

Hf : Mm Ml « twenty-five years univer-

) il

i i | sally recognized in the
Building Trade as the

very best Hanger made.

Get our catalog of other

ff a Samm MMT
AMT Senn TMM J06 as,

LANE BROS. CO., Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Handbook of Travel!

Tours :-: A Practical Guide to London and Paris |

now supplying many of the natives with
meat and clothing. It is stated that in
November, 1911, in order to introduce rein-
deer into northern Canada, the Canadian
Government purchased 50 reindeer from
Dr. Grenfell, to be taken from Labrador
by boat to Quebec, thence by train to Ed-
monton, and finally on scows down the
Athabasca River to Fort Smith, their des-
tination.

THE FIRST JAPANESE IN THE
UNITED STATES

CCORDING to The Argonaut it is

only seventy-five years since the first
Japanese came to America. He was
Manjiro Nakahama, a boy of fourteen,
who was picked up by the captain of a
New England fishing smack in 1837. Ac-
cording to the report of that time young
Nakahama, with four other lads, had set
out from the shores of Japan to do some
deep-sea fishing. A violent storm came up
and washed them ashore on an island far
out in the North Pacific. For several
months they struggled against starvation
and exposure, but finally were rescued by
the American captain. Three of the boys
were left at Hawaii, but Nakahama stayed
on board and became a favorite of the
captain and crew. They brought him to
the States and put him in a New England
school. Later he returned to his native
land, and when Commodore Perry arrived
in Japan some years later it was Manjiro
Nakahama, the shipwrecked boy, who
acted as interpreter between the American
envoys and the Japanese Federal Govern-
ment officials.

SYRIAN EMBROIDERIES

HE manufacture of embroideries and

embroidered linen handkerchiefs is
rapidly developing in Syria. A few years
ago these articles were sent exclusively to
the United States, whereas now important
shipments are made to several countries in
Europe.

This industry owes its revival after the
events of 1896 to the initiative, zeal, and
philanthropic sentiments of two members
of the American mission, Mrs. Shepard,
wife of Dr. Shepard, head of the American
Hospital in Aintab, and the late Miss
Corinna Shattuck. This industry, starting
from Aintab, the headquarters of the mis-
sion, has rapidly spread to the other cities,
towns and villages of the Province, and
now constitutes a means of livehood for
thousands of women and girls.

SOUND-PROOF WALLS

CCORDING to the London Globe,
experiments have recently been car-
ried out in Germany with the object of
discovering methods and means for ren-
dering walls and ceilings capable of effec-
tive resistance to sound transmission, One
of the more recently, devised methods in-
volves the use under the ceiling, or parallel
to the wall, as the case may be of a network
of wire stretched tightly by means of pul-
leys secured into adjacent walls and not
touching at any point the surface to be pro-
tected against sound.

Upon the wire network is plastered a
composition formed of strong glue, plaster
of paris and granulated cork, so as to make
a flat slab, between which and the wall or
ce ling is a cushion of confined air. The
meihod described is said to be good in two
respects: first, the absence of contact be-
tween the protective and protected surfaces,
and, secondly, the colloid nature of the
composition recommended for the plaster,

HE most modern, and best illuminating and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,
is fumished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.
Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.
Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner —also makes bnilliant illumination. IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price Better than City Gas or Eleo-
Liberal Terms _ tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

for Decorators, Paperhangers, Archi-
tects, Builders and House Owners,
with many half-tone and other illus-
trations showing the latest designs

By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS

EXTRACT FROM PREFACE

HE author has endeavored to include
characteristic designs in vogue to-
day, and to give reliable information
as to the choice of wall papers as well as

plying them. In dealing with matters
concerning decoration there is always the
danger of leaning too much toward an
ideal and of overlooking the practical re-
quirements of commercial life. The au-
thor hopes that he has been successful in
avoiding tkis fault, and that his book will
be regarded as both practical and useful.

One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. $2
MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N. Y.

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes,

Write for descriptive printed malter.
THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

to describe the practical methods of ap-.

Somebody’s Hurt!
omebodys fMurt!

T’S the old story of the streets of cities where day by day
many people are more or less seriously injured. Many
drivers and motormen are reckless or careless, but with

every precaution by motormen, drivers of trucks, and the police,
the danger is so great that no man ought to be without
accident insurance.

In the hurry of city life the time may come when about you
the crowd will gather and you will need help - and most of all,
the help from a policy of insurance in The Travelers of Hart-
ford covering all kinds and manners of accidents. It will pay
- the doctor’s bill—keep the family while you are recovering from
your injury, or, in case of death provide a means by which your
family can face the future.

A $3,000 accident policy the best on the market costs about
A cents a day.

HULA

OANA

HALA MMT

ail ITT eee eel in

The Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. anc = TEAR OFF
Send particulars. My name, address and date of birth are written below.

Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture
By Ralph C. Davison

HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner

the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental
and useful purposes. It tells how to make all kinds of con-
crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedestals, con-
crete benches, concrete fences, etc. Full practical instruc-
tions are given for constructing and finishing the different
kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting
and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model-
ing the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing
the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and
reinforcing cement are also included ‘The information on
color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book.
With the information given in this book, any handy man or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of
cement for the adornment of the home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the subject and has ex-
plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail.

16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages. 140 Illustrations.
Price $1.50, postpaid

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Puétishers
361 Broadway New York

er tie of motor transportation by
- use on the country estates of twenty nme
of the nation’s most discriminating million-
ares. 2 Where compelent baits > and expert

ii :
wh «rr i :

SS —
EE | = EY

ZZ = mn Pe sie Se S08

most dependable to See ee tcc i fi
country transportation. [The simple power

plant and control, well balanced chassi sis and.
aiable constructon.make \\ RUCKS
so tree from trouble and easy to open
that they are the only complete answer to—

the hauling problems of counlry estates. —
~The While Company ~ Cleveland, —

a Nau Tae

>) =a

: *

i
oe

srt
i ots

fain WHITE TOWN CARS the advantages of
y fe the WHITE electrical staring and lighting Sys-
= jtem.logether with the » logical left-side drive --an

pete s combmnat on--1S More app arent than
wi io an n 10 drives, the COUPE.
Land salety : rs electric, coupled

FE ES
aS eT \
SS e
SS IS
sy
Wi we : flexible es I
ra Si
Way LSS
Se
f ARN

Tee SSS
—S,
SSS LES.

a,
|

ii ‘ H
ee MU |
12 th im aan |
\ Hit} Huw) | i =
f I} imal i { e |
TWY TI SUMP rd, =
i of Wa ME ikl AL A} es
| \ 7] p Why) EE
iIp Mh 2 LAN HAA) Ee
41 | IVA Ms oN
i|" Ges peal
\ I)

Whi
Lie

I
=
Ire

wea
=| —

ie TW =F =a

wa | ff ik

aml
st JE
=n yj
(Ors = a
SSSI eel: a
SASS See ait, LS
Kear 2's

i [x K a ai 0) || Co
| ATT I HN
i as On iT WL
fe el i \
AG = =| Te il WN. ZaDh | nv Ml
HIG Vo fer ' Hw i
rf HAA A i Mt
y A

Re ae i i “i rn

z | L,
= ‘ = if i ue

|
Mi Win}
Wt Uy
INA

=
==

LT a
|

OF ba} OT
roadster. Gl In he BERLINE NE RN he
LIMOUSINE, a folding partion a rn
seat allows the owner. when he chooses ny a erate |
his car, to remain in the same luxurious inlerior with
his tamily and guests. CG WHITE TOWN CAR
beaulifully finished and appomnted to the last deta and

are the choice of motor coach connoisseurs everywhere,

4 The White Company -- Cleveland.

September, 1912

FALL POULTRY WORK
By E. I. FARRINGTON

ABBAGES are not in as high favor
e. for poultry feeding as formerly. They
have a tendency to cause inferior eggs,
and, some breeders say, eggs which do
not hatch well. Green rations of some
kind must be arranged for in the Fall,
however, and cabbages are better than
nothing. In any case, there is no objec-
tion to feeding them in small quantities.
No wise poultrymen will suspend them
by a string, though, so high that the
fowls will have to jump for them. It is
an old practice, but a poor one. There
are much better ways of inducing the
hens to take exercise. Often in the Fall
it is possible to buy a number of heads of
cabbage which are not good enough to
market in the ordinary way, the cost be-
ing very little. They may be stored by
digging a trench on the sheltered side of
the barn or poultry house where they
may be buried, care being taken to choose
a well-drained spot. Leaves, cornstalks
or coarse manure may be used to provide
additional protection when very cold
weather comes.

If a supply of mangels can be obtained,
no other vegetable will be needed. The
hens like them and they are easily fed by
spiking them to a board, so that they will
not be wasted.

Rye sowed up to the last of August
makes a most economical green food if
it can be given a place close to the poul-
try house. Then, when the ground is
not covered with snow, the poultry may
be allowed to have the run of the rye plot.
Often, it is possible to sow a part of the
garden to this crop.

Lawn clippings are a form of green
food available in most suburban com-
munities, and there is nothing better for
the hens. They should be dried until
they crackle and then packed in barrels
or bags and stored in a dry place. A
little rack like that used in stalls for
horses may be used when feeding it, or a
plan adopted in Pennsylvania may be fol-
lowed. This plan calls for strips of one-
inch chicken wire about two feet wide
and three or four feet long. These
strips are laid flat and covered with lawn
clippings two or three inches deep, after
which they are rolled up, clippings and
all, and hung in the poultry houses where
they can easily be reached by the fowls.
In this way the waste is avoided which
comes from throwing green rations on
the floor.

Cut alfalfa may be purchased at the
poultry supply stores if nothing less ex-
pensive can be obtained. It is fed to
the best advantage when placed in a pail
of hot water and allowed to steam until
green and tender.

Sprouted oats may be had at any time
by soaking the oats over night in a pail
of water and then spreading them out
in a box in a warm place, keeping them
moist with the aid of a watering can, but
providing drainage so that water will not

AMERICAN

peapra ee TE |
Pe) WY
ipa, He

Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains’
Aymar Embury II, Architect, New York

You Are Sure of

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

They have been the standard for more than twenty-
five years, and are specified by nine-tenths of the archi-
tects, who know them from experience. Their colors
are soft, rich and beautiful, and guaranteed fast. Their
vehicle is Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the
wood, and they contain no kerosene or other cheapener.

hy experiment with unknown stains, when you are
sure of Cabot’s. If asubstitute is used on your house
you are the loser.

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country.
Send for samples and the name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.

Manufacturing Chemists
131 Milk Street Boston, Mass.

\ HE will send you FREE our book “The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture’’ and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax.

You will find this book particularly useful if you are contemplat-
ing building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want
to secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense. “This
book is full of valuable information for everyone who is interested

in their home, Mail coupon for it today.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of John-
son's Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

should not be confused with the ordinary water stains
which raise the grain of the wood—or oil stains that
do not sink beneath the surface of the wood or bring
out the beauty of its grain—or varnish stains,
which really are not stains at all but merely surface

. 126 Light Oak

. 123 Dark Oak

. 125 Mission Oak
. 140 Early English
. 110 Bog Oak

Polishing Furniture with
JOHNSON’S PREPARED WAX

HOMES AND GARDENS

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifyng the Home

No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.

Ask your painter or paint dealer to show you panels of wood
finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax.

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

FOR COUNTRY HOMES

Without Sewers

Health and self-respect demand that dangerous, repul-
sive cesspools, etc., must go. The Ashley System will
provide scientific and safe sewage disposal at moderate
cost. White for illustrated Manual on Sewage Purifica-
tion and Disposal for Country Homes. ae

We also provide Sewage Disposal for Institutions,
Schools, etc.

Ashley House-Sewage Disposal Co.
115 Armida Ave., Morgan Park, Ill.

Made to order—to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

“You select the color—we’ll make
the rug.”” Any width—seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone—soft and subdued, or bright

and striking. Original, individual,

artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel’s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

coatings which produce acheap, painty effect. John-
son’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the
word—it penetrates deeply into the wood, bringing
out its natural beauty without raising the grain.
It is made in sixteen beautiful shades, as follows:

128 Light Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green
129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green
127 Ex. Dark Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak
130 Weathered Oak No. 178 Brown Flemish
131 Brown Weathered No. 120 Fumed Oak
132 Green Weathered

a complete finish and polish for all wood—floors,
woodwork and furniture—including pianos. Just
the thing for Mission furniture. Johnson’s Pre-

them through his jobber.
S. C. JOHNSON
& SON
Racine, Wis.
The Wood
Finishing
Authorities

Coloring
Wood With Johrson’s
Wood Dye

pared Wax should be applied with a cloth and

rubbed to a polish with a dry cloth. It imparts
a velvety protecting finish of great beauty.
It can be used successfully over all finishes. Please
Jonnson's saul wood Finishes are for Use Tke
sale by a eading paint and drug
dealers. If your dealer hasn’t them FREE Coupon
in stock he can easily procure ae a

li AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

Poultry, Pet am Live Stork
Directory

KILLED BY

RAT SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
r. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia.

DANYSZ VIRUS

How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen
for large stable with hay Icft and yard or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6,

INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York

Do you want good
information cheap?

Write to us and we will refer you to a Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement that will give you the very data you
need; when writing please state that you wish Supple-

ment articles.

@ Scientific American Supplement articles are written by men
who stand foremost in modern science and industry.
Each Scientific American Supplement costs only ten cents.
But the information it contains may save you hundreds of dollars.
Send for a 1910 catalogue of Supplement articles. It costs
nothing. Act on this suggestion.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
water. Paddock Water Filters are placed at the
inlet an

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
New York City

In
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

Sample and
Circular
Free

A SAFE COMPANION
For Your Children or For Yourself

A Necessity for your Country Home

A GOOD DOG

Write to the advertisers in our columns for information
about the dogs they handle. If they do not advertise
what you want, write ‘“ Poultry, Pet and Live Stock De-
partment, American Homes and Gardens.”

RAISING has made me thou-
sands of dollars on very little
capital and my spare time only.

It will do the same for you.

I'‘}l teach you free and buy aJl you raise Worth $6 a Ib. now. Yields
about 5000 lbs. to the acre. Write for my easy natural method.

T. H. SUTTON 606 Sherwood Ave., Louisville, Ky.

Landscape Gardening

250-page Catalogue Free Write to-day

Prof. Craig
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

G SEAM
ROOF
IRONS

CLINCH right through the
standing seam of metal
roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

PATENTED

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,

Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live in it.

MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

VERTICAL SECTION,

Heke CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

stand in the box. Whatever plan is fol-
lowed, the Fall work should include mak-
ing arrangements of some kind for plenty
of green stuff to be fed the hens during
the long Winter months. Without this
green ration, the hens will be likely to
lay very few eggs. The hens ought to
go into the Winter houses by the first of
October, for the early-hatched pullets
should begin laying eggs by that time.
The houses should have been thoroughly
cleaned, several inches of fresh sand
placed on the floor, the walls, nests and
perches sprayed with kerosene or some
like prepared killer and any necessary
repairs made.

If laying hens are to be moved, a good
plan is to feed them lightly for a day or
two before the shift is made, and then to
throw a liberal supply of grain in a deep
litter on the floor of the new house. Be-
ing hungry, the birds will be too much
engrossed in searching for food to be
fretted by the change in their environ-
ment.

Sometimes the pullets seem slow in be-
ginning to lay in the Fall, in which case it
is well to feed them a warm mash at
noon three times a week, the mash con-
sisting of equal parts of wheat, bran,
middlings and ground oats, mixed
equally by weight, with two pounds of
beef scraps to every twenty-five pounds
of this mixture, the whole being mixed
only moist enough so that it will crumble
in the hands.

If eggs still fail to appear, try feeding
them a little fresh meat, or better still, a
small amount of green cut bone. The
former can be secured of the butcher, of
course, but the latter is more difficult to
obtain unless one has a bone cutter.
There are places in many of the larger
cities, however, generally in the market-
places, where this green bone may be
purchased ready for use.

Arrangements should be made for an
abundance of litter to be spread on the
floor of the poultry house throughout the
Winter, adding more from time to time
as it becomes trampled down hard, and
replacing it with a fresh lot when it be-
comes badly soiled. In most sections it
is possible to obtain any quantity of
leaves in the Fall, and while leaves are
not as good as straw, they are naturally
much cheaper. Shredded cornstalks make
good litter and a certain amount is eaten
by the hens. The importance of feeding
the whole and cracked grain in a deep
litter has been well established. Hens
must have exercise if they are to produce
eggs, and scratching for a living is the
kind of exercise which nature evidently
intended them to take. When they are
obliged to scratch for their grain they
eat only a little at a time, the natural
way, instead of stuffing their crops in a
few moments of hurried feeding, to mope
around for several hours afterward. It
seems to have been established, too, that
hens eat more when the grain is buried
in the litter. The uncertainty as to what
they will bring to view adds zest to their
search; and the active, heavy-feeding
hen is usually the one which lays the
most eggs. Several kinds of grain are
needed, corn, wheat, oats and barley be-
ing the staples. It seems remarkable that
hens should have the sense of taste well
developed, but that they have is easily
believed when one observes that different
hens pick out different grains as being,
apparently, most to their liking.

The Fall work includes getting rid of
the surplus cockerels and what old hens

September, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iit

may be left. It should also include cul-
ling out the inferior pullets if one can
bring himself to that work. It really is
better to Winter a flock of first-class
birds than one which is much larger but
made up partly of poor stock. The small,
weak-looking and poorly-marked pullets
should go to the block or to the hen col-
lector along with the excess cockerels.
Of course, there is no reason why a con-
siderable number of cockerels should not
be kept along to grace the family table
from time to time, but they should be
kept in a pen by themselves and prefer-
ably caponized, so that they will cease to
be quarrelsome and otherwise trouble-
some.

PRESERVING OUR TALL TREES

ONE too soon a popular movement has

been set on foot in Australia to pre-
serve the gigantic stringybarks (various
species of Eucalyptus) of that country,
which far exceed in height the famous “big
trees” of California, and are the tallest trees
in the world. These trees sometimes attain
heights ranging from four hundred to five
hundred feet. Their timber is exceedingly
valuable, and for this reason they have been
ruthlessly destroyed by lumbermen, while
no proper steps have been taken to provide
for their reproduction.

THE SUFFRAGETTE IN ANTIQUITY

HE ‘suffragette’ in ancient Greece,” says

the Dial, “appears to have made her
presence known as early as 392 B. C., the
date of the performance of Aristophanes’
comedy, ‘Ecclesiazuse,’ or, as one might
freely render it in English, ‘The Female
Suffragists,’ or ‘The Women in Town-Meet-
ing.’ This laughable picture of a feminized
republic should be just now the timeliest
sort of play for amateur presentation on the
part of young ladies’ dramatic associations.
A recent meeting of the classical and
archzological clubs of Mount Holyoke Col-
lege was enlivened by the performance of
this comedy by members of the senior and
junior classes, under the direction of Dr.
Mary G. Williams, the professor of Greek.
So successful was this Aristophanic revival
that the project is now favorably considered
of producing a Greek play every year.”

MILK AND THUNDERSTORMS

CCORDING to Cosmos, “everybody is

familiar with the fact that milk is more
apt to turn sour in stormy weather than at
other times. The cause of this has been a
matter of considerable mystery, but some
light seems to be shed on the situation by A.
Trillat, who has shown that minute traces
of gaseous products of putrefaction favor
the development of lactic ferments. Hence,
any fall in atmospheric pressure which en-
courages the liberation of such gases from
various sources will indirectly assist the
souring of milk, and, for the matter of that,
the decay of various putrescible materials.
That such liberation of gases does actually
occur at times of barometric depression is
rendered manifest enough by the character-
istic smell which the earth is found to ex-
hale at such times. Mr. Trillat has, more-
over, positively confirmed his theory by ex-
posing samples of milk in the neighborhood
of substances giving rise to putrefactive
gases. On diminishing the pressure, so as
to cause the liberation of the gases, it is
found that the milk is apt to turn sour.”

Hardware

The experienced architect appreciates the purity and accuracy of the

designs in Sargent Hardware.

This enables him to secure hardware that

exactly harmonizes with the period of the architectural scheme employed.
He also knows he can place absolute dependence on the security and dura-
bility of Sargent construction and mechanical perfection.

ELLOS IIT TEESE EY SCONE

THE CHARM UNUSUAL

ONE OF OUR POMPEIAN STONES

BIRD BATHS

will give your garden a new touch and
add greatly to its charm.

e make them in large variety to har-
monize with any surroundings.

Our new catalog S fully describes them.

It also contains many illustrations of foun-
tains, sundials, benches, vases, statuary,
etc. We will gladly mail it on request.

The Erkins Studios

The Largest Manufacturers of
Ornamental Stones
230 Lexington Ave., New York
Factory. Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents
Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

The Schilling Press

Job PRINTERS Fine

Book Art
and Press
Catalog Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E. 25th St., New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Write for our Book of Designs.
sent on request,
- Book for those interested in hardware designs
of this period. Study these books and
consult your architect in the selec-
tion of designs.

We are also fully equipped to produce
Sargent Hardware in harmony with archi-
tects’ designs—coats of arms of cities and
states for public buildings, emblems for
society buildings, company trade marks
for ofice buildings; monograms and family
crests for residences.

-|t will be

We also have a Colonial

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, {[LLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

Iv f AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

WOLFF PLUMBING GOODS

FIFTY-SEVEN YEARS OF QUALITY

HE LARGE crowds around the Wolff booth
at the First Household Show held in Chicago,
which just came to a successful close, re-

vealed to us the increasing demand for modern
sanitary plumbing goods.

Our aim was to show a line of fixtures that
would be a credit to any home and within the
reach of any purse.

You—who have not had the opportunity of
seeing this exhibit, can secure an illustrated book-
let, showing bath rooms from the modest three-
piece fixtures to the most elaborate.

A postal will bring it.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively
The only complete line made by any one firm :
GENERAL OFFICES
601-627 West Lake Street, Chicago
Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn St., Chicago

September, 1912

LATE WORK WITH THE BEES

ATE September or early October is
Le time to begin getting the bees
ready for Winter. If there is honey in
the supers it should be removed, a very
simple matter if the Porter bee escape
is used. This device is set in the middle
of a light board and allows the bees to
pass one way only. The board is slipped
between the super and the hive body late
in the afternoon and a little smoke blown
into the super. In the morning it will
be found that nearly all the bees will
have passed from the super down into
the hive below, and as the beé escape
prevents their return, the sections of
honey can be taken away without inter-
ference. The hive should be kept open
only as short a time as possible, though,
or bees from other hives may come a-rob-
bing.

If an examination of the colony shows
that there is a lack of honey on the frames
in the hive body, artificial feeding must
be resorted to, for every colony should
go into Winter quarters with honey
enough to carry it through the long cold
months when they will remain clustered
within the hive, and yet requiring food.
The amount should not be less than
twenty-five or thirty pounds.

‘ BRANCHES BRANCH OFFICES It is very probable that the amateur
enver, Colo. . . .

Biesion St. Lous, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio will not need to feed his bees, but if he
platy NG Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco, Cal. does, he should use the best granulated

Minneapolis, Minn.
Dallas, Texas
Rochester, N. Y.

Cleveland, Ohio Washington, D.C.

sugar and an easy way to prepare it is to
Salt Lake City, Utah 8 y y ee

pour ten pounds into half a gallon of cold
water, stirring until there is a thick syrup.
Feeders of different patterns may be
secured of dealers in bee supplies. A
shallow tin pan containing several pieces
of excelsior makes a good feeder. It
should be filled with syrup and placed in
an empty super over the hive: The bees
can obtain the sweet liquid by standing on
the excelsior. The last of September is
none too early to begin looking to the
wants of the bees.

When it comes to actually preparing
the hives for Winter, the amateur who
is supplied with double wall chaff hives
will find little work to do. These hives
are especially’ adapted to the needs of
the beginner in bee keeping for that rea-
son. It is°only necessary to put on an
empty super containing a bag filled with
leaves.

When single wall hives are used, they
will need covering if they are to be left
ont-doors all winter, and it is not wise
for the amateur to try wintering his bees
in the cellar, as do many professional

FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION!

F WE wish to call attention to the fact that A

we are in a position to render com-

THE H. B. IVES Co.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Sore MANUFACTURER® os

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free,

The Bey OF A CEMENT HOME
may now
yn cuINAMEn “Zaanced by
{y Sa
Cementon@
waterproof finish in beautiful soft tones of
White, Buff, Green, Gray, etc., overcominy
all objections to the severe plainness andl
cold look of Cement.
For old houses as well as new.
§ Send 10c for book of valuable information.
THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8604 Kinsman Rd. Cleveland 9

IFUR UA, PUR PUR FULL, PUA PUBL PLA PA

petent services in every branch of
patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and
chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre-
pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed

bee keepers.

One well-known: and suc-

cessful woman bee keeper uses the fol-
lowing method, which is a good one to

adopt.

She puts a board cover lined with

several thicknesses of cloth over the top

of the
cloth.

hive and over that a strip of rubber
Then she puts on a super, in

which is placed a bag filled with~ cork

chaff,

leaves or other material. Finally

another board is placed gver all, and a
wide strip of oiled manila paper tied over

it, the

paper being allowed to come down

around the hives on all sides, being fast-

in all countries foreign to the United ened in place with cords. Thus pro-
Saas tected, the bees go through the Winter
MUNN & CO., nicely. ‘

Patent Attorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

If the spot where the hives are located
are well-sheltered naturally, merely heap-
ing cornstalks around them will be suf-

ficient. In any case the entrance should

not be covered, for on’ warm days the
bees will come out for a cleansing flight.
If snow covers the hives no harm will be

doné,
open.

so long as the entrance is kept

September, 1912

Sq BAY STATE <e:
* YU. s, pAT:

Your Stucco or Con-
crete House Needs

Bay State Brick and

Cement Coating Pro-
tection.

Let us send you a booklet
that tells you all about it. It
has been used by the best
architects, contractors and
builders as a coating in light
as well as heavy construction
of every kind; houses, mills,
breweries, garages and rail-
roads.

It is very effective as a tint
for interior decoration on
wood, cement or plaster.

Send for Booklet No. 3

~ Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

Incorporated

Paint and Varnish Makers and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Ayers! ALL

as P UM PS xkinps
CYLINDERS, ETC.

Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers
Write for Circulars and Prices

F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“It makes the house a home’’

Send stamp today for “Economy Way”
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
“ Economy *? Gas 13 automatic, Sanitary and . NotPolsonous

CHEWING GUM IN CHINA

HE U. S. Government has this enter-
taining bit of news concerning the
deplorable gun- chewing habit in a_ recent
issue of the Consular and Trade Reports:
“Very little chewing gum is at present
sold in China, at least that isstnue of the
north. None of the business houses in
Tientsin carry it in stock. This is because
there are comparatively few Americans in
China, and foreigners of other nationalities
are not particularly addicted to the chew-
ing gum habit.

There are perhaps 3,000 foreigners, ex-
cluding soldiers, in the various concessions
at Tientsin. About 120 of these are Ameri-
cans. The Japanese come first in unmbers
and the British next; neither of these
nationalities use chewing gum. Whether
the Chinese would take kindly to it if it
were introduced is a question that can be
solved only by experiment.

The use of cigarettes in China is increas-
ing rapidly among the natives, and it is
possible that if the same methods were
used to introduce chewing gum it would
have a similar success. The British-Ameri-
can Tobacco Company entered this field
several years ago. With headquarters in
Shanghai, it has established large houses in
each of the treaty ports.

From these traveling men are _ sent
through the cities and towns of the interior,
placarding the walls with huge illustrated
posters printed in Chinese. These salesmen
distribute sample packages of cigarettes on
the streets, giving away many thousands as
an advertisement, and then arrange with
some native merchant to carry a stock of
their goods. By these effective and ener-
getic methods they have built up an enor-
mous traffic which is steadily growing.”

FORESTRY IN THE FAR EAST

HE following interesting data are
quoted from one of the U. S. Gov-
ernment reports:

“Forestry is a subject in which the
Chinese evince rio interest, as there are no
forests in this country. The Great Plain,
on which Tientsin is located, never had
forests, being entirely of delta formation,
and the mountainous regions to the north
and west were denuded of their forests cen-
turies ago. The surface soil of these moun-
tains has been washed away and to re-
forest them would be a matter of great
difficulty. There is only one nurseryman in
this consular district, at Tientsin, but he is
much interested in tree culture. He raises
various shade and ornamental trees from
seed, but the soil of the Great Plain is
alkaline and comparatively few varieties of
trees will flourish in it. He has had the
most success with the acacia.

A British corporation engaged in mining
and shipping has a concession for coal min-
ing in the Kaiping district, about 80 miles
northwest of Tientsin. The surface of the
region is broken by hills 50 to 200 feet high,
which are absolutely bare of trees, and the
company has begun the work of afforesta-
tion. It already has 1,000,000 young trees
growing, chiefly acacia, and is preparing to
establish a nursery for them on an exten-
sive scale.

There are no Government forestry of-
ficial, schools of forestry or horticulture,
magazines devoted to these subjects or as-
sociations of forestry, nurserymen, seeds-
men, etc., in China. At Tsingtau, German
China, afforestation has been successfully
carried on by the German Government.”

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

fi
a

LA GTHER =r
[us

Paint that goes fan
ther, costs less and
wears longest

Take two brushfuls of paint—one
of ‘‘High Standard’’ and one of the
other brand—and see for yourself hosy
much further ‘‘High Standard”’ goes.

And remember—it’s not the thickness of the
coat of paint that gives protection but the charac-
ter of the coat.

Then figure how much less paint you'd require
to paint your house when you use

** The Paint of Performance’’

and you will see that even if it costs more per
gallon it will still cost less for the job.

For Quality Paint always look for the “Little
Blue Flag”’ on the label, and you will get a job
of painting that will retain its freshness and give
your building the best protection from the
destroying action of the elements.

LOWE BROTHERS’

for Interior Walls is the most beautiful of all
flat wall finishes. It is washable, hygienic and
durable. The colors are ‘‘soft as the rainbow
tints’’—to harmonize with any decorative
scheme. Send for color cards.

Write For Our Books

Buy from your local High Standard agent. If
you don’t know him we will introduce you, Let
us also send you our books of valuable paint infor-
mz ution— ‘Homes Attractive from Gate to Garret,”

“Harmony in Colors,”’ (Mellotone)—both free.

“Good Homes by Good Architects,’’ 25c in stamps.

THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY
469 E. Third St., Dayton, Ohio
Boston New York Chicago Kansas City

Lowe Brothers, Limited, Toronto,Can. £/

National Phote-
Engraving
Company

@ Designers and
Engravers for all
Artistic, Scientific
and Illustrative
Purposes 3: ::

Engravers of "American Homes and Gardens"

14-16-18 Reade St., New York

TE Ly Eee OON DE,

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

Assuan Dam, part of the Nile system, one of the greatest engineering projects of its kind.

The Nile System—The Bell System

For thousands of years Egypt wrestled
with the problem of making the Nile a de-
pendable source of material prosperity.

But only in the last decade was the Nile’s
tlood stored up and a reservoir established
from which all the people of the Nile region
may draw the life-giving water all the time.

Primitive makeshifts have been super-
seded by intelligent engineering methods.
Success has been the result of a compre-
hensive plan and a definite policy, dealing
with the problem as a whole and adapting
the Nile to the needs of all the people.

To provide efficient telephone service in
this country, the same fundamental principle
has to be recognized. The entire country
must be considered within the scope of one
system, intelligently guided by one policy.

It is the aim of the Bell System to afford
universal service in the interest of all the
people and amply sufficient for their
business and social needs.

Because they are connected and working
together, each of the 7,000,000 telephones
in the Bell System is an integral part of the
service which provides the most efficient
means of instantaneous communication.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

ever brought out.
plates. One dollar each.

MUNN & CO., INC,,

Sold

HESS Seti LOCKER
The Only Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood
Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom
Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
pe trated circular.
= RecsieodSreak HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

One System

Cattage Desians

By far the most complete collection of plans
Illustrated with full-page

361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

Universal Service

No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS

Twenty-five airs. ranging in cost

from $600 to $1,500.
No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES

Upward of twenty- Ae designs, costing
from $1,000 to $3,0!

No. ae MODERN DWELLINGS

wenty designs, at costs ranging from

oo 800 to $7,000.
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES

Twenty selected designs, costing from
about $3,000 upward.

separately.

H Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance
Gates of all designs and for all purposes.

Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh [J
and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate Fj
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Fumi-
ture—Stable Fittings. Ft

F.£. CARPENTER CO., 29°, Broadway F

Peeeeepeeeanmeeoe eee we ele ee eee

HOT WATER SUPPLIED BY AN
ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

HE Electrical World, in a recent issue,

described a progressive electric light
plant which sold to its customers not only
the current, but the exhaust steam that
made the electricity ; then on the demand of
one of its customers, it collected the steam
condensed and served the customer with
hot water. As the company had no hot
water main, a trap was set in the basement
of the building to receive the condensate.
This trap was arranged to tilt when it filled,
and in so doing it closed the circuit of a
two-horse-power motor which drove a pump
that delivered the hot water for the cus-
tomer’s service.

THINNING THE FRUIT
By A. L. BLESSING

ANY professional fruit growers make
N a practice of thinning the fruit on
their trees, and there is no reason why the
amateur should not follow their example.
Indeed, there is no other way to get fruit
of the finest quality. This is especially true
in growing peaches and apples, although it
is worth while to thin plums and pears.

Sometimes it pays to remove half the
fruit on a tree, if the tree hangs very full.
Strange as it may seem, there will be just
as much fruit as though no thinning had
been done. The reason lies in the increased
size of that which is allowed to remain.

Apple growers practice thinning to a less
extent than the men who grow peaches for
market. Thinning peaches is necessary in
a year when the trees are bearing heavily
in order to grow handsome, large and per-
fect specimens. The amateur will get just
as satisfactory results if he thins his ap-
ples, too.

No two peaches or apples should touch.
In fact, there should be two or three inches
between them. Growers who are aiming to
secure fruit of superior quality often thin
to six inches. All obviously poor speci-
mens should come off, as a matter of
course. Then, additional thinning may be
done in proportion to the grower’s cour-
age. Sometimes two thinnings are desir-
able, one when the fruit is small and a sec-
ond when it is considerably larger,

The reason for the improved quality and
larger size of the fruit when thinning is
practiced is found in the fact that the most
severe drain on a tree’s vitality comes in
the production of seeds. The real object of
a tree is, of course, to produce seeds, and
it expends its strength upon them. The
grower, on the contrary, wants fruit, and
gets it by the simple expedient of reducing
the number of seeds which the tree is per-
mitted to mature.

CATS AND DOGS IN MALTA

js OLIVER LAING, American
consul at Malta informs the State De-
partment that many Americans have asked
him to give names of breeders of pure
blood Maltese terriers and cats. He
says there are a few so-called Maltese
terriers in Malta and they are not
of pure blood. The puppies which
the street hawkers offer for sale to tour-
ists are more or less mongrel, with a strain
of the old breed. Maltese cats do not exist
in Malta, at least not one of the color called
maltese in the United States, has been seen
there.

HE Chilian Government has decided to

spend $12,775 during this year for a
cooking department in some of the profes-
sional schools.

September, 1912

, a N
£2) eee
CSE | LAM Meee

aa
BS

THE FALL PLANTING NUMBER

CTOBER is the month when the garden maker will

find himself busied with the planting of perennials and
with rearranging the hardy border. There will be bulbs to
set out too, for the garden in early Springtime must be
planned now as well as next season’s Summer garden.

HE October number of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GAR-
| a will be of great interest and value to the maker of
the home garden, as it will be the annual Fall Planting
Number, and although other features will by no means be
neglected, especial emphasis will be placed upon gardening
subjects in the October contents. The subject of ‘Fall
Planting for the Summer Flower Garden” will be ade-
quately treated in a handsomely illustrated article, forming
a valuable supplement to the article on Spring planting
which appeared in the annual gardening number of AMER-
IcAN Homes AND GarpeEns for March, 1912. ‘The gar-
den maker not only wishes, as a general thing, to know how
the flowers raised from various seeds will look, but quite
as much desires to gain some conception of the grouped
appearance of planting efforts when the garden will have
reached its maturity. For this reason the reproduction of
photographs that have been chosen to illustrate the article
on Fall planting for the Summer garden have been selected
with the purpose in view of giving the home garden-maker
an adequate idea of the landscape-in-little effects of judic-
ious planting, in the belief that lovely though flowers may
be in themselves, and charming though wild-growing things
may appear in their natural confusion, that garden culti-
vated flowers should invariably be placed in accordance
with a plan that will enable them to enhance the beauty of
any premises by an orderly relationship thereto.

ULBS for Fall planting will be the subject of a second

authoritative article in the October number, contributed
by one of the foremost writers on garden subjects in Amer-
ica. This will be exquisitely illustrated from photographs
of some of the most beautiful bulb gardens in America.
The home garden-maker who reads this article will be cer-
tain to find therein reliable information concerning what,
when, where, and how to plant Spring flowering bulbs that
may be set out in October.

HE article on “Brick Houses” by Robert H. Van

Court will concern itself with brick as a suitable and
attractive material for the building of a house large or
small, and also will discuss the use of brick in connection
with other building materials.

ARY H. NORTHEND will contribute to the Octo-
ber number an illustrated description of a most at-
tractive house in Reading, Massachusetts. ‘This will be
accompanied by floor plans of the first and second stories.

NE of the oldest and most historic houses in Phila-

delphia, ““Mount Pleasant on the Schuylkill,” will be
described by Harold Donaldson Eberlein and illustrated
by excellent photographs both of the exterior and of the
interior of this interesting house. The double-page fea-
ture for October will consist of a collection of photographic
reproductions of Pergolas in American gardens. These
have been carefully selected from a country-wide range of
trellis as being typical of the best garden art of this sort.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii

EAUTIFUL California homes have always an interest

for the Eastern as well as for the Western reader, and
a delightful hillside house will be described in the October
number, accompanied by floor plan and terrace plan and
by exterior and interior photographs.

HEASANT-RAISING is coming to be both a profit-

able and an interesting phase of country life develop-
ment, and with this in mind the Editor has commissioned
Mr. E. IJ. Farrington to prepare for the October number
of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS an illustrated article
on this subject. The department ‘Within the House” will
contain an article by Harry Martin Yeomans, entitled
“Why Colonial” and the other departments, ‘“‘Around the
Garden” and “Helps to the Housewife,” will, as usual, be
of value and interest to the home-maker, who will find many
other contributions throughout the pages of the Fall Plant-
ing Number fully worth while reading for its constructive
worth.

SUMMER CHARITY

HERE is something about the thought of freezing to

death that makes the average human being give more
attention to charitable deeds in Winter time than in Sum-
mer, when nature seems, to the careless thinker, to be taking
upon her own shoulders, more or less, the burdens of our
brother’s need. As the editor sits in his comfortable
sanctum, cooled by the current of air industriously stirred
by the indefatigable electric fan (sensibly placed to assist
ventilation from open windows and yet without draughts
which should be avoided even when the mercury mounts
high in the thermometer tube), he cannot help thinking of
the poor and the sick caught in the congestion of city life
without relief from the excessive heat of some of the torrid
days for which our large cities are noted. The Editor
wonders if it would not be one of the truest acts of kind-
ness for those in a position to do so to give electric fans
to cheer the days of those invalids who cannot indulge in
even so small a luxury. Think what that would mean to
one shut in through the September days! ‘The suggestion
need not be thought impractical when one takes into con-
sideration the fact that, nowadays, nearly all city flats are
fitted with electric connections. Indeed, home aid societies
and private charitable clubs might, to advantage, have elec-
tric fans to lend in emergency cases, which thus would also
serve to bring comfort to many in rotation.

COUNTRYS Ss Clit FOR HEALTH

S life more healthful in the city or the country? On this

often-asked question bulletin 109 of the census bureau
sheds some light, says an editorial writer in the Chicago
Record-Herald. It shows that in 1910, for the registra-
tion area of the United States, the death rate per 1,000
population for the cities was 15.9, while for the rural re-
gions it was 13.4. This, The Medical Review of Reviews
says, “is indicative of the lessened mortality rate in the
rural parts of the registration states as opposed to the
urban.” The bulletin’s figures show striking differences in
city and country-death rates from certain diseases, and on
the whole, that chances of sanity, health and longevity are
greater in the country than in the cities.

Vili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1912

Take a good look—more like a fine piece of furniture than a door, isn’t it? That’s true of every

MORGAN ‘zi. DOOR

Every one is a picture—worthy of filling the most conspicuous and prominent place in any
house. Built for permanence—will look as well after ten, fifteen, twenty-five years as it does today. That’s
the kind of doors you want. And they are guaranteed with this iron-clad guarantee of perfect satisfaction:

“Every Morgan Door with the Morgan stamp on the top rail, which with proper
care fails to give perfect satisfaction, will be replaced free of charge.”

Learn al about them in ‘‘Door Beautiful,’’ an artistic, illustrated, de-luxe book of authentic, essential
information for people about to build or remodel. Write today for free copy.
Morgan Company — MORGAN SASH & DOOR CO., 92% Chicago, U.S.A. “>yeqaatitwegts co

ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be Pound in Sweet’s Index, pages 910 and 911.

_tLook for the Morgan Stamp on the top Fail
- Accept no doors without it
Morgan dealers do not substitute

LE: BrookseCo. CLevELAN. 0.

FLOoRsSIDEWALK LIGHTS.
F EVERY DESCRIPTION.
SEND OR CATALOGUE.

ETL

JUST PUBLISHED

Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users

By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E.
Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations.

Price, $2.50, Postpaid

HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in

the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work.

The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of
interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The
matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully
illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the
concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the
various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of
the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its

thorough treatment of the subject:

I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in
Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary and
Hydraulic. V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and
Testing. IX. Adulteratiou; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone.
XJ. Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and
Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks.
XVIII. Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. _XXI. Concrete
Piles... XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works.
XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII._ Concrete Arches
and Abutments. _XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work.
XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. XXXII. Con-
crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. Concrete for Ornamentation. XXXV. Con-
crete Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. XXXVII. Water-
proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and_ Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for
Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XI. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York

BLOWING UP THE GARDEN
By H. D. E.

T may be our wont to blow-up the

gardener, to blow him up hard and often;
we may also blow-up the cook or the coach-
man and, perhaps, we ought sometimes to
be blown up ourselves. But how many of
us, think you, are in the habit of blowing
up our gardens, literally blowing them up
with explosives? If we were to pursue
this practice somewhat it might be more to
the purpose than blowing up our servitors
in a burst of temper.

Now this blowing-up is nothing more nor
less than the scientific application of dyna-
mite in the operations of farming and
gardening. It is, possibly, a bit misleading
to speak of blowing up when we really
mean blowing down or blowing sidewise.
If dynamite blew up, it wouldn’t be of the
least use in gardening. But just because it
blows down, just because its action in ex-
ploding is downward and sidewise, it is of
tremendous value, as has been abundantly
proved by results.

A friend told the writer recently that he
had been planting some trees with dyna-
mite. A cartridge containing a proper
charge was placed in a little hole at the de-
sired spot and the fuse lighted. Standing
thirty feet away, he distinctly felt the
ground move under his feet at the moment
of explosion although the loose earth was
thrown upward not more than several feet
and but a small quantity at that. The sod
round about was raised but not broken.

This instance will serve to show what a
powerful loosening influence is exerted by
an explosion of dynamite. This loosening
of the soil is the very thing that is needed
to increase its fertility. It enables the roots
of trees and plants to assimilate far more
easily their chemical foods. The loosened
soil allows the rain to penetrate more
deeply and hence retains the moisture for
a longer time. As plants can absorb their
nourishment only in conjunction with mois-
ture, this preservation of moisture means
a more regular food supply and_ better
nourished plants capable of withstanding
drought because their source of nutriment
far underground is not affected.

Ploughing (or, in a small patch, spad-
ing) is absolutely necessary; without it
nothing could be raised. But the effects
of ploughing extend downward only a
short distance.

THE STABILITY OF THE SKY-
SCRAPER

HE recent demolition of one of the

first sky-scrapers erected in New York
city was the occasion of a number of sur-
prises to inquirers and scientific men and
proved conclusively the stability of the steel
construction frame, says a writer in Har-
per’s Weekly.

Very many eminent civil engineers have
contended from the outset that no steel
frame could possibly escape rust and that
sooner or later the building must collapse
from this cause. The New York sky-
scraper, however, was found in excellent
condition, especially the steel part of it,
which showed no signs whatever of deteri-
oration from rust, although some of the
rivets were slightly corroded. The paint,
however, had almost entirely disappeared
owing to some kind of chemical action. This
proved the necessity of some better paint.

But the most surprising part of the ex-
amination was that the building showed the
greatest stability just where the experts
predicted there would be the most decay—
that is, in parts surrounded by mortar.

7 path BE ase eh Oe
A : A 4

HOMES AND GARD

Ose

CH)

Serre Ni Ss POR SEPTEMBER, [912

(Rese Worn vane waeiNe CIVIC Ee UANINING). 0, 0. AG Ger. ha ee boy as bd be Bale eee’ oe Frontispiece
AVIATION AND Civic IMPROVEMENTS.........:....... By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 303
“LIES DOUG COWIMIN 66 a ane ee By Henry Stuyvesant Savage 308
(Rrpete: OTHE JAPANESE.GARDENER.'.../.. 60000). 0c. ce ny By Harold J. Shepstone 311
A, AGRE SINT TONE (GiNEIO ON pea By Robert H.Van Court 315
cE bps et CRE ROR EE OS Th ONS BREEN a a ORE By Ida J. Burgess 320
2G 5:070 °C 6-6 Cb CEE RUUELS aE aN ee ae rar oar oer a ae By Gardner Teall 3.23
PN Ts aR A eot AN FE A te rR By Ida D. Bennett — 327
WITHIN THE House:

CADGIES guptlie) a0 61 eee ee By Harry Martin Yeomans — 330

AROUND THE GARDEN:
seiner tm One (Gass letau tae grees co cee eet eee cee a Rare ac ta B22

HELPs TO THE HOovUsEWIFE:
WEitemilonme builders. | sec be bee ena By Elizabeth Atwood 334

Fall Poultry Work Editor’s Note Book

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President MUNN & CO., Inc. Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘“‘ American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself

responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted
cocoon fst 33. 20000000 fsx Res

gg 2

oS . ea Photograph f rT. C. Tunes
In the future of civic planning the ‘“down-view”’ will undoubtedly come to be an important thing to be taken into consideration

1912

Aviation and Civic Improvements

By Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner, W. H. Porterfield and Hugo Kihn

sq) HERE is, truly, nothing new under the sun.
‘4|| Nothing new, at least in conception, even if
the actual achievement be a thing of but
yesterday or to-day. Lord Bacon unwit-
tingly foretold the invention of air-craft and
the navigation of the air by man when, in
‘‘New Atlantis,’ he made the father of ‘‘Solomon’s
describe the “College of the Six Days’ Work” and
“We have also engine-
houses where we imitate also flights of birds;
we have some designs of flying in the air.” Then there was
Icarus, who had a shocking bad tumble and lost his life
because he rashly allowed his Dedalus propellers to get
overheated and they came to pieces in midair.

It was left, however, to the men of our own day, fired
with inspiration descending from Darius Green, to unite
theory and practice and to
accomplish successful flights,
and that against strong odds
of wind and weather. What
with the progress made thus
far in aeronautics and the
enthusiasm impelling to ever
fresh experimentation and
improvement, we may rest
assured that mechanical fly-
ing as a mode of human loco-
motion has come to stay,
whether the future favorite
type of air-craft be mono-
plane, biplane, dirigible
balloon, or some other spe-
cies of aerial vehicle not yet
emerged from the inventor’s
brain. Since flying, then, is
to be regarded hereafter as
an orthodox method of traveling for those that fancy it, it
is not unreasonable to infer that its advent is fraught with
consequences of diverse import to us.

One of the ways in which we shall doubtless feel the new
influence will be in the direction of architecture and city
planning. With this inevitable modification in view, a few
thoughts and suggestions will supply food for reflection.

his
House”’
put into his mouth these words:

” The Bia Y Sock pa vOREes as viewed an TERR its es

Of course, whatever one may say anent this subject must
be considered not in the light of definite prophecy, but
rather as a forecast of imminent probability. At any time,
new features in the construction of air-craft may evolve
that will alter appreciably the course of developments so
far as we can now foresce them, but without venturing to
predict too confidently, it is reasonably safe to assume that
further growth will be in the direction already marked out.
It is quite certain that the science of aviation is still in its
infancy. All that has so far been proved is, that man can
fly and is going to fly, whether he fly for mere sport or to
serve some utilitarian purpose. This, too, notwithstanding
the fact that only a few years since a very great mathe-
matician proved entirely to his own satisfaction and the
satisfaction of many others, besides that it would never be
possible to leave the ground in a heavier-than-air machine.

Air vehicles are being used
extensively in military tactics,
also somewhat for the trans-
portation of passengers in
certain places abroad, and al-
ready, following improve-
ments in design and _struc-
ture, experiments have been
made in putting them to vari-
ous commercial uses, such as
carrying light express mat-
ter, making short cuts over
country unsuitable for rail-
roads, and the conveyance of
mails. Even if flying never
advances to the position
looked for it by enthusiastic
and even by conservative per-
sons interested in aeronaut-
ics, it can nevertheless reveal
the blemishes, the inconsistencies, the objectionable spots in
our cities and towns as nothing else will.

The passage annually of so many people through the air
has supplied us with a new point of view whence we may
look down and study the aspect of our surroundings.
Hitherto we have felt that all was well if our buildings and
cities satisfied inspection as seen from the ground. We

BO4,

have, up to the present day,
“lived only on the surface of
the earth. Therefore it has '
‘been but natural that we
should design all our struc-
tures to be seen from the
surface. Now, through the
agency of aviation, our
range of vision is vastly
broadened and our point of
view enlarged so suddenly
that we can scarcely realize
all at once the full measure
of possibilities thereby
opened up to us. It is al-
most as though a new di-
mension had been unexpect-
edly brought within our ken.
Some years ago appeared
a work of fiction with the
scene laid in a suppositious
land inhabited by creatures
capable of comprehending
only two dimensions—length
and breadth. Their world
had only surface. Their
outlook was latitudinal and
longitudinal, but never up-
ward or downward; in con-
sequence they appeared in-
capable of either elation or
depression. Doubtless,
under such circumstances,
existence must have been de-
cidedly flat. At any rate, the inhabitants themselves
were pictured by the author as flat as pancakes and as thin
as shadows. A line drawn on the plane on which they lived
and moved, and had their being, opposed to them a barrier
more insurmountable than the highest peak of the Himalayas
would be to a baby of the three-dimensional order. Any-
thing rising above the surface of their plane world disap-
peared utterly as far as they were concerned and baffled
their understandings as completely as some things do ours
when they perversely roll off into the fourth dimension and
become invisible. With our “surface outlook”’ at buildings
and cities and the world in general we*hayesbeen in the past
not altogether unlike the plane dwellers. Now aviation
has entered a wedge to change all this. Our point-of view
has gained ‘‘downlook”’ as well as the length and breadth
and “‘uplook”’ it had aforetime. Hereafter we must reckon
upon making our cities at least presentable, if not attractive,
as seen from above. ‘This new phase of requirements“fs
going to affect individual —
buildings or groups of build-
ings in the first place, and,
in the second, towns and
cities in the entirety of their
plan. It is but a logical and
fair demand that a structure
should be consistently come-
ly from whatever point we
view it; that is to say, it
should be honest throughout
in form and material and not
speciously contrived to de-
ceive the observer who can
see it from only one side.
We all know, however, to
our regret that many a build- ©
ing that presents a noble

A “‘down-view”’

AMERICAN HOMES AND

A bird’s-eye view taken from a dirigible balloon in Germany

wi omy Dee ewer districts of New York

GARDENS September, ¢g12
front is commonplace and
brummagem in the parts
hidden from public gaze. It
is right enough, generally
speaking, to put the best foot
foremost, but when it goes
to the extent of having a
“Queen Anne front and
Mary Ann back,” nothing
could be architecturally more
reprehensible.

The vantage point of the
aviator unmasks the sham
and dishonesty of all such
buildings. He sees all too
plainly their deceptions and
pinchbeck economies and
loses all respect for them
when so deformed, because
there is no sterling worth in
them. He sees, moreover,
the shocking backyards en-
closed within blocks of
houses whose street fronts
are past reproach. Before
his eye these household ge-
hennas, that slovenly dwellers
vainly flatter themselves are
shielded from all beholders,
are laid bare. At a glance
he notes the boxes, the ash
barrels, the garbage cans,
and all the other unsightly,
and quite unnecessary, rub-
bish that the carelessness of the negligent permit to disfigure
space that ought, of right, to be given over to becoming
adornment. All these things and many more the aviator
sees, and as we are all future aviators potentially, we must
now look to it that these blotches and eyesores no longer
give offence. Shame at the thought of having our short-
comings mercilessly exposed, if not solicitude for beauty,
should prompt our efforts toward remedy.

Aviation will grievously disappoint our expectations if
it fails to work a drastic change for the better in the appear-
ance of city roofs. As they are now, or most of them, at
any rate, nothing could be more depressing, more distress-
ingly, than the view from a tower or high office building—
or of course an aeroplane—over the weary expanse of roofs
spread out below. It is a dreary desert for “tarry pebbles
and tin,” broken only by an occasional skylight with its

gleam of glass, or here and there an air shaft whose purple
depths suggest bad ventilation and worse light.

Now and
again the round bulk of a
water tank obtrudes itself,
squatting in the midst of its
own rectangular patch of
slag or tin, or else painfully
perched across the angle of
the side walls carried up
above the roof at one corner
of the building.

Could any prospect be
more disheartening and sor-
did looking? If the altitude
of your position brings a
sense of exhilaration, one
glance downward at the dole-
ful waste at your feet serves
to dash your spirits to the
depths. The only relief

September, 1912

comes either from scattered old
buildings whose pitch roofs, cov-
ered with weather-green copper
or decent slate or tiles, rejoice the
eye, or else from structures of re-
cent date where some regard for
appearance from above _ has
prompted a decorous treatment.
One notable feature of these newer
roofs is that the water tanks are
not only not placed where they will
be visible from the street, but they
are enclosed in little house-like
structures of suitable design so that
they offer no oftence to the sight.

Domes, towers and spires are all
pleasant to look down upon, but on
comparatively few buildings would
this kind of embellishment be in
keeping. We turn, then, to one
other device that can be of almost
universal application, the roof-gar-
den. On the large hotels, roof-
gardens by the score have flour-
ished, and city houses and even
country dwellings too are following

the lead.

not be other than agreeable.

Illustrations, such

In Summer the occupants of hostelry and dwell-
ing alike find comfort and enjoyment amid growing things,
high above the heated streets, while, for the aviator, the
down-look upon these oases in a glare of heated roofs can-
It would be an ideal condition

AVE REGAN SHONMES AND GARDENS

The aeroplane will give man a new view-point from

cloud-height

as this one of old St. Paul’s, New York, suggests the value in civic improvement of air views

395

if every roof, or nearly every roof,
could be equipped with a garden
over at least a part of its extent.
Think of looking over a city clad
in verdure! What a pleasant place
over which to aviate must Babylon
have been with its hanging gar-
dens!

It is not at all a Utopian scheme
to suggest domestic roof-gardens,
but, on the contrary, perfectly prac-
ticable. We simply need the eye
of the aviator to help us realize
the waiting opportunities on our
housetops and the possibility of
making them attractive whether by
the practice of aerial horticulture
or by making them of such mate-
rial and shape that they may be
agreeable to behold. Provision
will doubtless be made on some of
the tallest buildings for landing
stages and in time, too, we shall
see hangars of many stories in
height, treated architecturally as
towers. By far the most important

respect, however, in which aviation seems destined to influ-
ence civic improvement, is the planning and remodeling of
cities throughout their length and breadth upon lines that
will give consistency and coherence along with a convenient
economy of space that will conduce to inter-accessibility

306

VRE EGE

The use of air-craft as a factor

among all sections. It is bound to give a wholesome im-
petus to the wave of municipal improvement that seems to
have swept over the country since the appearance of the
report of the Park Commission appointed by the United
States Senate, to prepare plans for the development and
beautification of the city of Washington. The elevated
position of the aviator gives him a map-like view of a
city and enables him to take in at a glance the sundry possi-
bilities for betterment. Anyone who has stood on the top
of Mount Royal, with Montreal spread out below him, may
form a faint idea of the aviator’s vision.

The advantage for getting comprehensive views enjoyed
by the occupant of an aerial machine can easily be imagined
when we remember that at the height of one mile he can
see ninety-six miles in every direction and that the range
of vision is limited only by height and the amount of haze
in the atmosphere. By virtue of his altitude he gains a
perspective denied the man whose goings are always hori-
zontal. As a painter working on a large canvas, or a
sculptor modeling his clay, now and again stands at a dis-
stance to measure effects, so may the city planner rise above
his work and grasp in a twinkling the requirements of his
problem.

It has already been pointed out that aviation reveals the
iniquities of design, the squalor, the unsightliness in a city
and all the other things that are generally unseen, though
they may be within a stone’s throw of us. These defects
being brought to light, thanks to aeronautics, can be
remedied. But more important still, it cannot be denied,
are the impetus and inspiration thereby given, not alone for
remedial schemes and remodeling, but for constructive plan-
ning of lines along which a city may make its future growth.
There is no inherent, reason why a city should be left to
chance and individual caprice and not rather pursue its

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

LUPE RY PETC

in civic betterment may be looked upon to develop a greater appreciation of the value of orderly roof designs

growth according to a well-ordered and rational design. A
town of haphazard growth may indeed be picturesque, and
often is, but its lack of arrangement usually means a prodi-
gal waste of space as well as a daily waste of human time
and energy. Such a town is apt to be incoherent, like a man
beginning a speech in the middle of an involved thought.
He struggles and strives to express himself, but cannot find
the happy turn of words he needs. City planning by one
man or by a group of associated men may be formal and
academic, but in the end results will justify the practice.
Three cities, Washington, St. Petersburg and Alexandria,
were built according to the design of one prescient intellect,
and they speak for themselves.

Only by deliberate, premeditated design shall we ever
secure due provision for parks and gardens. Now to all
phases of physical civic betterment, to remodeling and
cleansing squalid districts, to the opening of avenues for
the relief of trafic pressure, to the better designing of our
roofs, to proper and efficient municipal lighting, to the intel-
ligent establishment and treatment of parks, public gardens
and waterways, aviation will supply a strong and ever-
increasing stimulus by the very clarity and force of its
revelations.

Aviation gives us a chance to look at ourselves from a
new angle, and the sight is not always flattering to our
pride; it is a bit like the power to “see oursels as ithers see
us.’’ However, the experience is wholesome if humbling,
and if aviation is only a means to open our eyes and make
us think and become dissatisfied with our shortcomings, it
will have done a world of good. If we, ourselves, prefer
to walk the earth like the old woman who said with true
Malapropian felicity of phrase that “terra-cotta”’ was good
enough for her, we must remember that many others
are going to fly, and it is clearly our duty to adapt

September, 1912

ourselves to their broader
horizon and provide things
agreeable for them to look
down upon as they flit over-
head.

It is not unlikely that the
roof will become an object
of utilitarious solicitude. The
ubiquitous advertiser of
breakfast foods may find it
to his advantage to pro-
claim the merits of his prod-
ucts on tar paper and tin.
Just as the railway tourist
is forever reminded by fleet-
ing signboards mounted in
meadows that no man can
call himself clean who does
not use Fulton’s Soap, so the
eye in the air will not be spared the announcement that the
Isabel Monoplane is the fastest in the world or that the
aerial garage of Hutchins lies six miles to the north, or
that Pinkman makes the only trustworthy aeroplane motor.
Roof signs may indeed be absolutely indispensable in order
to guide the aviator. Hovering over a sea of red tin roofs
how can he tell which is his? Some system of identification
is obviously required. Even streets must be indicated. At
night time electric lights of contrasting colors must be in-
stalled to guide the man in the air to his garage. It may
be doubted whether the glare of our present towering
electric signs will be tolerated. A locomotive engineer could
hardly guide his train in safety if he were confused by
thousands of electric bulbs, flashing rythmically as they
proclaim the virtues of a new mineral water. In the inter-

a DR BD

Only from the ‘‘down-view’’ can one gain an adequate idea of a city’s plan

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

View of an aerodrome taken from a dirigible balloon

397

ests of safety, then, it is not
impossible that the electric
roof signs at least must be
dispensed with.

Since the roof is destined
to become as important as
the ground floor, we may ex-
pect to find in the hotel of
the future, clerks and bell-
boys posted on the top
floor ready to attend to the
immediate wants of tour-
ists who have just arrived
by aeroplane. On the roof
itself will be found the usual
retinue of liveried servants.
Porters in the uniforms of
rear-admirals will assist aero-
plane arrivals in alighting.
Aerial taxicabs will circle like vultures over the hotel, wait-
ing for a doorman to signal one of them to alight and pick
up a departing guest.

The aerial garages of the future will not be unlike pres-
ent automobile garages. They will be taller, perhaps, and
even more generously proportioned; for a spread of wing
of forty feet is by no means unusual in a flying machine.
Elevators of corresponding size will convey the machines
to and from the roof. The platforms of the elevators will
have to be painted some distinctive color, so that those in
the air may know what part of the roof is stable and what
part is more like the trap-door of a stage.

The giant dirigible of the future, comparable in size with
a Lusitania, will make great demands upon the ingenuity

(Continued on pare 336)

ARAN NEE SCE EN

eee
OSES

308

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

The entrance front of ““Meadow Court,”’

the beautiful country home of Mrs. Charles S.

Guthrie, at New London, Connecticut

‘Meadow Court”

By Henry Stuyvesant Savage

moq\| HERE are few country homes in America
more attractively situated than ‘‘Meadow
Court,” the property of Mrs. Charles S.
Guthrie, at New London, Connecticut, of
which Mr. William Emerson, of Boston,
was the architect.

The house faces Long Island Sound, commanding a
superb view, and one approaches the shore by a path and
a roadway that lead through a meadow of some six acres.
In the center of this is a beautiful natural lily-pond, which
is starred with fragrant
water-lilies throughout their
season. Everywhere blooms
an abundance of wild flow-
ers, and from the time of the
Wild Roses of June to the
Asters and Golden-rod of
late Autumn, this meadow,
which suggested to the own-
er a name for the estate, is a
riot of lovely color, a superb
garden of Nature’s own
planting rivaling the man-
made gardens elsewhere on
the estate.

‘Meadow Court” has its
own strip of beach, and dock,
boathouse and _ bathhouse,
reached by the wilderness

The ivy-framed arches of the porch at Meadow Court

walk referred to above. Indeed, American home-builders
are coming more and more to realize that when Nature
has been generous in her gifts of landscape features, ponds,
trees, vines, shrubs, rocks, wild flowers (even though they
may be but distant echos of the forest primeval), the
ground of an estate will be far more attractive if planned
and laid out in accord with these natural features instead of
being sacrificed to formal arrangements, ingenious though
these latter may be. Happily, ‘Meadow Court’ has pre-
served to the land that surrounds it all the delightful fea-
tures that makes a tramp
through the woods an in-
comparable pleasure. The
house itself occupies the cen-
ter of the estate, and the flat
area through which it is ap-
proached by the drive from
the roadway is beautifully
laid out with velvety lawns,
hardy borders, Rose gar-
dens, and beds of beautiful
blooming plants, many of
which, as danger of frost ap-
pears, are removed to the
spacious greenhouses.

The greenhouses of
‘‘Meadow Court” are one
of the most interesting ad-
juncts to the estate, reached

September, 1912

by the long rustic ar-
bor, thickly over-
grown with vines of
rich, glistening green
foliage,. and with
climbing Roses, Crim-
son Ramblers, Doro-
thy Perkins and the
like, which fill the
air with fragrance
throughout the month
of June.

“Meadow Court”
is the embodiment of
the ideas of what a
house should be, skil-
fully worked out by
thie ancmicecta lu hve
architecture suggests
the Spanish motif, but
always with restraint.
Both facades of the
central portion of the house are Spanish in the character of
their design, and the diverging wings at either end of this
central part give to the partial court thus formed somewhat
the effect of a patio. The large area covered by this beauti-
ful country house suggests the breadth and spaciousness of
the old houses of Spain, Mexico and Southern California.

The plan of the house, which follows a half circle, is un-
usual. Every room in the house has a fine view from its
windows, either of the water of the Sound or of the gar.

The long rustic arbor

eran

It is a relief to find a living-room in a house of the proportions of ‘Meadow Court’ uncrowded by an array of over-sumptuous furnishings

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

dens. Acloister-porch,
slightly raised from
the ground level and
floored with long nar-
row bricks laid in her-
ring-bone pattern, sur- |
rounds the court-like |
entrance area on the
three sides. From the
entrance doorway one |
comes upon the large %
living-room, some f
thirty by forty feet in
dimensions. Three
great windows face
the water and the cen-
tral one presents a |
wonderful picture,
framing the view, as
it does, by a solid pane
of glass six by ten feet
in size and unbroken
by leading. Through this “picture window,” as it has come
to be known, one has constantly before the eye a panorama
of moving yachts, great and small, and innumerable craft of
all sort plying in and out of the harbor. Other windows
of the living-room open to the floor and are fitted with case-
ments which open directly upon broad and spacious ve-
randas which are paved with brick, and which during the
warm days of Summer and early Autumn are delightfully
cool and attractive, for their low Spanish arches are closely

oes - acre S vel

Steps in the rock garden

|
ence

STAD: a

ceesaees S sane

“Meadow Court”

A sitting-room,

covered with clinging ivy and many kinds of flowering vines.
The ceiling of the living-room is beamed in a manner
which is at once rich and extremely simple and which recalls
the ceilings of certain old Franciscan refectories in Cali-
fornia. Walls are wainscoted with paneling of the same
dark woodwork and the space between the wainscoting and
the open ceiling is covered with a fabric which with its
roughness of texture offers just the background required
for the pictures and other adornments with which the room
is filled.

Soft Oriental rugs cover the floor and about the fire-
place. At one end of the living-room are grouped broad
divans and deep-cushioned chairs which invite comfortable
lounging. Upon a wide study table are tall metal candle-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The shore front of “Meadow Court,”’ as seen from the lily-pond bordered by the road to the boat-house

September, 1912

The dining-room at “Meadow Court”

sticks fitted with shades of soft shirred silk which reflect the
electric light upon books, magazines and writing materials.
More illumination is supplied by four old altar lamps which
have also been fitted for electric lighting and which are
hung with befitting formality from the crossings of the heavy
beams of the timbered ceiling.

Upon the lower floor of ‘Meadow Court” are also a
drawing-room, billiard-room and study, together with the
dining-room and service quarters in keeping with an estate
so ample and complete. The dining-room walls are cov-
ered with a fabric showing a pattern in which leaves and
foliage in their natural colors appear. Cretonne or taffeta
of exactly the same pattern and coloring is used as hangings,

(Continued on page 336)

September, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS

The art of the Japanese gardener, here fully typified, takes into account the symbolism of every tree, plant, shrub and stone

The Art of the Japanese Gardener

By Harold J.

anese gardens has become a fashion all
over the country, it is doubtful if there are
many to which this title can be truthfully
applied. Because a corner of the garden
boasts of a stone lamp. and little stepping
stones, and a certain “Japanesy’’ mien, we are apt to im-
agine that it is entitled to this claim. But from the Japan-
ese point of view that nook, beauti-
ful though it is, has no claim what-
ever to the description. It is not
akin to any of the historic schools of
gardening established generations
ago in Japan. It has, indeed, no
real form as understood in these
subtle schools.

The fact is, few Occidentals have
ever been able fully to appreciate the
marvelous symphonies which the
Japanese garden-artists have learned
to produce as a matter of heredity
through a long progression of cen-
turies. No stone is selected without
not only careful consideration as to

A Japanese lantern

Shepstone

the place it is to occupy, but the special symbolism which
attaches to the particular geological specimen laid down.
No tree is planted without deep thought as to when its
frontage will be at perfection, and how that perfection will
affect the foliage in its immediate vicinity. The light and
graceful are shown against dark masses of other trees.
Deep shades find a fitting background against lighter leaves,
and an impression of wonderful perspective is conveyed by
the whole.

What the Japanese gardener
aims to create is not a flower show,
or a pretty effect in blooms, but the
spirit of a landscape, the memory of
a well-beloved corner of the coun-
try, and at the same time express
some sentiment or pleasurable
fancy. Indeed, the grand old land-
scape gardeners—those Buddhist
monks who first introduced the art
to Japan—held it possible to ex-
press moral lessons in the design of
a garden, and to embody abstract
ideas, such as Chastity, Faith, Piety,
Content, Calm, and Connubial Bliss.

12 Me

Therefore were gardens contrived
according to the character of the
owner, whether poet, warrior, phi-
losopher, or priest. In these an-
cient gardens there -were expressed
both a mood of nature and some
rare Oriental conception of a mood
of man.

In Japan, the erection of the gar-
den is governed by scrupulous at-
tention to esthetic rules. Consider-
ation of scale, proportion, unity, bal-
ance, congruity, and all that tends
to produce artistic repose and har-
mony is carefully preserved through-
out the design. Each garden is
planned as a writer plans a drama
or a sonnet, or an artist a picture.
There are precise rules for the se-
curing of suitable perspective as well
as for the fitting indication of height
and distance. Every detail is as
gravely formulated as are the items
of a ceremonious ritual. The out-
line of a lake is determined by ac-
cepted types, not by mere whim.
Each island in the pool follows a
familiar model: There “are the
““Master’s Isle’ and the ‘Guests’
Isle’ for the inland lake, the ‘‘Wind
Swept Isle” for the sea. The lake
islands will have bridges, but the
sea islands will have none of these.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Rock work in a Japanese garden

The Japanese gardener aims to make every garden vista pleasing, but never sacrifices harmonious arrangement

September, 1912

Every stone employed in the gar-
den must conform to an established
figure. There is a form for the
‘Kettle Stone’ on which the tea is
made, as well as for the ‘“Shoe-
removing Stone’ and the “Chil-
dren’s Stones.” ‘To build a rockery
of burnt bricks and clinkers after
the manner of the American gar-
dener, would be to the Japanese an
offence beyond imagining. There
are many ways of placing stepping
stones, but in Japan each way is de-
termined by rigid canons of the art.
A water-worn boulder could only be
employed in connection with water,
real or suggested. It is the same
with the trees and shrubs. Their dis-

position is ruled by a definite scien-

tific plan. It means that trees and
shrubs of light foliage are invariably
thrown up against darker leaves.
The same procedure is adopted in
the placing of the semi-circular
bridges, the dwellings, the restful
arbours and the sacred shrines.

In one of the temple grounds at
Kyoto, the old capital of Japan,
may be seen what is considered by
many as the finest example of the
Japanese gardener’s art. It was
built by Anshu. He only undertook
the work on three conditions, name-

ly, that no time limit was imposed, no restrictions
as to expense, and no interference whatever until
the whole work was completed. It is even said
that he went so far as to exclude the owner from
inspecting his creation during its inception period.
Anshu spent fifteen years in his task, but it is a
really very beautiful piece of work. It is not a large
garden, only covering a few acres of ground, but in
this space has been brought together, with marvel-
lous faithfulness and accuracy, reproductions of the

to the merely ingenious

September, 1912

principal beauty spots of Japan.
There is another old garden in
Kyoto, famed for its pond. Around
its banks are some hundreds of
smooth, oblong stones. When the
garden was in course of erection
word was sent to the feudal lords
of the different provinces through-
out the country to contribute certain
shaped stones. These were gath-
ered together, wrapped in cotton,
and carried by messengers to Kyoto.

It has been said by many that
what they miss in the Japanese gar-
den is the flower. The fact is the Jap-
anese artist sets more value upon
stones, water and hills than upon
flowers. Flowers in a bed all packed
together seem to him an outrage.
Nothing he regards as more gross
than the sight of huge flower beds
crowded with bloom. A _ garden
with us means as a rule a flower
garden, but not so in Japan. To
really comprehend the beauty of a
Japanese garden it is necessary to
understand—or, at least, to learn to
understand—the beauty of stones—
not stones quarried by the hand of
man, but of stones shaped by nature
only. Until you can feel, and keen-
ly feel, that stones have character,
that stones have tones and values,

the whole artistic meaning of a Japanese garden can- —
not be revealed to you. Large stones selected for |
their shape may have an esthetic worth of thousands
of dollars; and large stones form the skeleton, or
framework, in the design of old Japanese gardens.

Much has been made of the fact that the Japanese
are capable of creating a landscape effect upon a
tiny scale. I have in mind a tray in a friend’s gar- _
den, measuring twelve feet by seven feet, containing |!
a beautiful piece of miniature landscape gardening

pe iy Pie

One ee nes
Dag eae”

SSSURASH Ree

Water areas play an important part in planning real Japanese gardens, and the native gardener exercises great skill in their arrangement

A Japanese garden tea-house

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 313

of the old style, the creation of an
expert in Shiba Park, Tokyo. Ina
lake with irregular coast line, small
pine-clad islets are so placed as to
recall the matchless scenery of Mat-
sushima. ‘Towards the left-hand
side of the lake, beyond the red-
railed bridge, stands a shrine, in
front of which is a waterfall indi-
cated by ‘Taki’ stone—the natural
markings of which give a remark-
ably accurate representation of fall-
ing water. On the right-hand side
of the lake the romantic nature of
the scenery suggests Mijajima—one
of the “jewels of the Inland Sea” —
together with an exact reproduction
of the far-famed Temple of Kinka-
kuji (Kyoto), whose supporting
posts stand in the lake in such a way
as to give it the appearance of float-
ing on the water. The architecture
and details of this ancient building
are faithfully modeled on the origi-
nal, even the stones and plants as-
suming the tint of a thousand years,
and the tiny pine trees and shrubs
so lavishly used are all venerable in
the extreme.

But the question of area is abso-
lutely optional to the Japanese. A
landscape effect will be equally as
well reproduced upon a large scale

—,

BE ee ss

AMERICAN HOMES: AND GARDENS

September, 1912

EE RNORANEA Bape 8

Disa See:

In Japan the home garden maker utilizes small space to good advantage, as may be seen by the arrangement here illustrated

as upon a small one. But here it should be noted that
whereas we have only attempted landscape gardening on a
large scale, the Japanese have adopted it to every garden,
irrespective of size. And the practical question is whether
the owners of small gardens could not profit by practising
this art. Imagine what could be done upon a rectangle say
twenty feet by twelve. Upon this space one could create
a real landscape; a range of the Sierras might rise; and
from the windows one might look down into “still waters
between walls of shadowy granite in a gleaming pass.”
Again, a study of the art of the Japanese gardener cer-
tainly emphasizes the fact that it is not necessary to accept

mad aE: GOI EES: Es

One of the mest perfect examples of Japanese gardening in all its na

flatness in a garden. A hill can be made by the very simple
device of digging out the ground; and a lake or sunken
garden is manufactured simultaneously by the same cut.
After all, this landscape idea is common to all nations,
and here the Japanese teach us that a landscape, with a
true perspective of its own, can be created anywhere on
any scale. Water is often one of the cardinal beauties of
the Japanese garden, though it is not essential. It can be
dispensed with, but it is very much easier than most people
imagine to provide water on a small scale. I know a tiny
garden in the heart of a great city which has two ponds,

(Continued on page 336)

aes

This fovele garden is not far from Tokio

Bih8 hai

tive glory.

September, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

315

It is easy to imagine the quaintness and beauty of this “garden front’” when the beds will be filled with flowering plants and the lawn in order

A House Set in a Garden

By Robert H. Van Court

I] N olden times, before life had become as
strenuous and as complex as it is in our day,
the garden house was very often included
among the buildings necessary upon any
large and important country estate. It is
hardly possibly to say just where or when
the idea originated, for it was used in various forms by the
ancients, and every nation of modern Europe has taken part
in its development, which has extended through several cen-
turies. The original garden house was probably a small
building—a mere shelter—placed in the grounds some dis-
tance from the villa or country home, and designed as a
little retreat or retiring place where cares might be laid
aside for a moment and forgotten in the quiet and peace
found close to the heart of nature. Its very utility prob-
ably caused its being developed into the more extensive and
elaborate building which it afterwards became, and garden
houses, called by different names, are found in the grounds
of many of the great country places of England, Germany,
and particularly in Italy. In the Vatican garden is a small
villa which is really a garden house, and here for genera-
tions the Popes have passed part of the long warm days

which are so numerous in Rome. In France, the idea was
expanded into a structure highly decorative and elaborate,
in keeping, of course, with the surroundings of which the
garden house was a part. ‘The Little Trianon itself was
really such a retreat upon a scale vastly enlarged and glori-
fied, and here Louis XIV and his court would lead their
version of the simple life in an existence largely in mas-
querade, shorn of the pomp and circumstance of ordinary
days, and of much of the divinity which doth hedge in a
king.

Very few of the early American country houses were sufh-
ciently extensive to include more than the most primitive of
structures which could really be called garden houses. Per-
haps the nearest approach to such an accessory was the
little building upon the edge of the lawn at Monticello,
which was, and still is, used as a waiting-room or office.
When Thomas Jefferson built his country home upon a hill
top in Virginia, he was fresh from his career as the first of
the long line of American ambassadors to France, and
while he planned and built with true Jeffersonian simplicity,
he included this modest little structure among the buildings
of the greatest of Colonial estates. His garden house, to

316 AMERICAN
be sure, was the most modest
of buildings and was used as
a workroom or study, and
here he prepared the plans
for the University of Vir-
ginia, and watched the con-
struction of what he re-
garded as the greatest of his
works.

In its present form in
America, the garden house is
not a Summer house or a tea
house, although it may ful-
fill some of the functions of
both. A Summer house con-
sists chiefly of a roof and is
open upon all sides or else
enclosed or screened by col-
umns, panels of lattice work
or growing vines. It is often . i see Ae Se
placed upon an eminence The kitchen of this garden
from which an extensive view may be had, and in its more
elaborate form is sometimes called a “belvedere.” A tea
house is generally enclosed upon at least three sides with
material somewhat more substantial than is used for a Sum-
mer house, and it is usually placed in a garden close to the
residence or the tennis court, where it is used for the most
informal of gatherings or for the serving of afternoon tea.
The garden house is apt to be a building substantially con-
structed in every way, provided with lighting and heating
apparatus, and quite as well adapted to study, reading, or
writing, or any other serious occupation as to the lighter
and gayer moments which it fulfills its chief purpose in
serving, and which should be preferably of low height.

Plan of the garden house

HOMES AND GARDENS

house combines beauty with utility

September, 1912

The little garden house
upon the estate of Mr. J.
Levering Jones, near Phila-
delphia, is part of an exten-
sive country place and is
built to agree both in design
and construction with the
other buildings of the estate.
Its plan suggests at once the
old manor house which
Thomas Jefferson built at
Monticello, for it is broad
and low, one story in height,
built of brick, with pillared
portico and cornices painted
white and the ends of the
little building, arranged as
octagons, give the strongest
suggestion of all. The main
front of this little retreat is
dignified by a row of four
Doric columns which support a pediment. Within the por-
tico are three windows, arched and filled with small panes
of glass in white frames. All of this old-fashioned state-
liness faces a small formal garden, surrounded by a wall,
and the plan calls for a precise arrangement of walks and
flower beds edged with box, with a sundial to mark the
center of the garden. The door within the portico opens
directly into a very large room which is called a “play-
room,” and its arrangement and furnishing suggest that it
may be a playroom in every sense, not only a place where
the youthful members of the family may romp and be
merry, but where, at other times, the older members of
the household may enjoy the rest and quiet and freedom
from the cares of the moment, which is the function of a
“playroom” to provide. A long, low room lighted by seven
windows is arranged with a huge brick chimney and fire-
place between two of the windows at one end. The ceiling
is beamed and everywhere are seats, built-in and cush-
ioned—many books, easy lounging chairs, a piano and a
tea-table. Rugs are spread over the hard wood floor, and
the light which enters through the figured curtains which
come to the window sills falls upon numerous pieces of old
brass, much quaint pottery and many small belongings, all
of which are arranged against walls of rough plaster divided
into panels by strips of wood stained a dark color. The
lighting fixtures are silhouettes cut from sheet metal and
placed within oval bands of metal fitted with electric bulbs.
The purpose of the playroom calls for a treatment gaily
informal, for after all the very essence of play is informal-
ity, and a room should be arranged in keeping with the
purpose for which it is intended, and objects of great value
or easily broken might more fittingly be placed somewhere
else.

A door at one end of the playroom enters into the most
complete and fascinating of kitchens, where the treatment is
so decorative that it may well serve as a model for those
austere housekeepers, who hold that a kitchen which is prac-
tical cannot be a room which is also beautiful with a beauty
suitable to its purpose. ‘The floor is of large dark red
flags, oblong in shape, and laid in what is sometimes called
the herring-bone pattern. Walls are of rough plaster of a
light color and built-in dressers and plate racks are filled
with china and jars gaily decorated with the crudest and sim-
plest of colors and designs. The windows are hung with

_ Dutch curtains of white over their small square panes, and a

range with hot water boiler is built into an alcove, and the
space above is hung with stew pans and other cooking uten-
sils in the enameled ware, which is decorative without being
at all expensive. A sink is placed between two windows,

September, 1913

and at the center of this com-
pletely-equipped little kitch-
en is the strongest and most
practical of tables, with the
space below arranged for the
storing of pots and pans and
other paraphernalia of cook-
ing, whether the cook be the
mistress of the estate or one
of the junior members of the
household. Before the kitch-
en table an old-fashioned rag
rug is spread over the floor
of dark red paving bricks.
Everything is exceedingly
practical and _ business-like
and suited to its use. Ruskin
once said that nothing is
beautiful which is not suit-
able, and here beauty and
utility have co-operated with
suitability to create a little
kitchen completely satisfac-
tory from every point of
view. The garden house
being planned with consider-
able formality, as far as its
exterior is concerned, is pro-
vided with two fronts, and
opposite the garden entrance
with its pillared portico is
another porch, almost square, with a roof supported by
more Doric columns painted white. This little building,
which, as has been said, is part of a somewhat extensive
suburban estate, is entirely in keeping with its surroundings
and is no doubt a source of great comfort to the family for
whom it has been designed and built.

A garden house might be placed in many gardens about
country houses where, besides serving a very definite prac-

2
x
(
i
44%

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

One view of the entrance portico

The furnishing of the “playroom’’ suggests that the grown-up members of the family should use it as well as the children

317

tical purpose, it would afford
a feature of interest which
many exceedingly beautiful
gardens so frequently lack.
Such little structures are
most successful when built in
the style of the residence it-
self, and are particularly
decorative when placed at
the end of a long walk, upon
the garden axis, or at some
other point where a feature
of some emphasis is desired.
Of its practical value it is al-
most unnecessary to speak,
for at times when quiet is
desired for reading or study,
or when one feels the need
of a little concentration upon
some definite line of thought,
the little garden house will
offer quietude, and seclusion
particularly welcome. It is
apt to be surrounded by the
peace, as well as the beauty,
which nature gathers to lav-
ish upon the space within the
garden’s walls.

At other times the garden
house may be given over to
the pastimes of the younger
generation, for it may be assumed that nothing very fragile
is used in its furnishing. If a piano be included among its
fittings its sphere of usefulness will be still further widened,
and if the garden house be near the tennis court many other
uses will immediately suggest themselves, or tennis and
other features could be placed near it in original planning.
In one way or another it may prove a useful addition to the
family’s social life and a decided ornament to the garden.

rrp

AMERICAN HOME

Peejoo__cokaegt (C) Rechoo __ootaom ome 3S ((®)) = 54
EVERGREENS ENG THE BI

cof aou Reeheo _cokved (CO) oeyoo __cotaom re oomnontoa

HERE are few persons the world over who have not a
given us greater treasures in the whole realm of plant-lif

their deep color, suggesting shadowy mysteriousness mz

azure sky. In Winter they give to the landscape just f|
ony of the brown earth or the glare of the snow-clad ¢
Christmas story and its gladsome festivities, or it may be
or the Saxons, who held the Evergreen in veneration. Even the ancier
into a Pine, and Jove, sympathizing with her in the after-grief she betra’
be ever green. Even to this day in China, the natives consider the Pin
the old Pine Tree (the only green, growing thing they saw brightening
there is the Larch which, when burned, was thought in times of witcher

the traditions of antiquity. The Fir, St. Nicholas’s tree, the S:

Hemlock (which we must not confuse with the plant the anci
famous in the building of Solomon’s Temple, and the Cypress, {

AND GARDENS

== (©) ©

meee OF THE HOME GROU

der spot in their hearts for Evergreens.
han in her gift of the trees that remain green always. In Summer
them as they stand against the ground of deeper color or against the
10te of relief required to lift the vision above the sense of the monot-
itryside. Perhaps we unconsciously associate all Evergreens with the
at there runs in our blood the heritage of the Norsemen, the Teutons,
sreeks told how Cybele, mother of the gods, changed a shepherd lad
for her act, ordained that thenceforward the leaves of the Pine should
nblematic of eternal friendship, and did not the Pilgrim Fathers take
horizon of their landing), as the emblem of their new colony? Then
> drive away serpents and evil things, and the Juniper, venerable in
ce, chief mystic tree of the Indians of the Northwest, and the
; meted out as death potion to the condemned), the Cedar,
a which was woven the crown of Melpomeme, the tragic muse.

Mother Nature has hardly

318

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SMO SUS Sw OSS
HERE are few persons the world over who have not a tender spot in their hearts for Evergreens. Mother Nature has hardly
, than in her gift of the trees that remain green always. n Summer

‘ks them as they stand against the ground of deeper color or against the
the monot-

given us greater treasures in the whole realm of plant
their deep color, suggesting shadowy mysteriousness 1
In Winter they give to the landscape just the note of relief required to lift the vision above the sense of
ony of the brown earth or the glare of the snow-clad countryside. Perhaps we unconsciously associate all Evergreens with the
Christmas story and its gladsome festivities, or it may be thatthere runs in our blood the heritage of the Norsemen, the Teutons,
or the Saxons, who held the Evergreen in veneration. Even the ancient Greeks told how Cybele, mother of the gods, changed a shepherd lad
into a Pine, and Jove, sympathizing with her in the after-grief she betrayed for her act, ordained that thenceforward the leaves of the Pine should
be evergreen. Even to this day in China, the natives consider the Pine emblematic of eternal friendship, and did not the Pilgrim Fathers take

the old Pine Tree (the only green, growing thing they saw brightening the horizon of their landing), as the emblem of their new colony? Then
enerable in

there is the Larch which, when burned, was thought in times of witchery to drive away serpents and evil things, and the Juniper, v
the traditions of antiquity. The Fir, St. Nicholas’s tree, the Spruce, chief mystic tree of the Indians of the Northwest, and the
Hemlock (which we must not confuse with the plant the ancients meted out as death potion to the condemned), the Cedar,
famous in the building of Solomon’s Temple, and the Cypress, from which was woyenthe crown gf Melpomeme, the tragic muse.

azure sky.

EAT By Pas

—

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

a gf

‘J

tS
(

A uh

The studio-home of an artist-architect in the Catskills

A Home in the Catskills

By Ida J. Burgess
Photographs by the Author

MONG the interesting homes artists have
erected for themselves in the Catskill Moun-
tains, none has greater force of originality
than the one growing out of the sloping
mountain-side above the little hamlet of
Bearsville, N. Y., the home of Miss Derring
Woodward, who is joint owner with Miss Louise Johnson.

Pines surrounding the house lend the charm of the prim-
eval wilderness to its setting. Wild flowers bloom among
the pine needles, whose soft brown carpet is spread under
foot. In Summer or in Winter, the green tracery of pine
boughs weaves over its fine network against the gray stone
foundation and the heavy tim-

with its spreading base, to the pink tile of the projecting
roof there is everywhere shown the sense of good propor-
tions. The placing of the windows in groups, with regular
spacing, and the overhanging balconies of wood, with heavy
timber supports bracketed against the walls, give a sense
of dignified seclusion, harmonizing well with the almost
fortress-like appearance of the exterior.

The massive front door, with its handwrought iron hinges
and door-knocker, corresponds admirably with the feeling
of castle-like strength already conveyed by the foundation

bered and plastered walls of
the house.

Built from plans drawn by
Miss Derring Woodward, who
is architect as well as painter, it
exemplifies clearly personal
preferences in a home suited to
its environments and the uses
of a studio as well as dwelling.

The studio appears at the
back of the structure,
overtopping the liv-
ing portion, yet hav-
ing its base against
themeenilistde: ay dihis
adds to the apparent
size and conveys a
fine sense of height
to the mass of the
building.

From the massive
foundation walk,

Pantry

: KITCHEN
Livinc Room

SS ee

Plans of upper and lower floors of a house in the Catskills

walls. Relieving the severity of the entrance, however, are
the long, narrow windows at either side and the transom
above this heavy door. When
rea east a it swings back on its hinges one
the lower part only, opening
like two leaves into the interior.
Doc CELLAR .
Without entry or hallway of
any kind, one enters from the
porch directly into the principal
anes room of the house—the living-
room. Occupying the entire
front end of the building, it
serves as reception-
room, but so conveni-
ently arranged by the
Say oie placing of the large
Up stone chimney that
one is almost com-
pletely shut off from
Dow the other, and quite
so by an arrangement
of screens whenever

discovers a half-door, closing
room and dining-
this is made desirable. .

September, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 321

Individuality is strongly
_indicated by the most inter-
esting manner in which this
chimney, having two fireplace
openings, is constructed. One
opening facing the entrance
door, with arch and shelf
above of heavy cut stone, is
repeated by another similar
opening on the end of the
chimney, at the side of the
first one. The fireback

guest rooms are located here,
each having its separate bal-
cony on different sides of
the house, where outdoor
sleeping may be at the choice
of the guest.

The windows, grouped
again like those of the living-
room below, are hung with
curtains in delicate tones of
gray and soft pink, in a bor-
der pattern. ‘These curtains
built diagonally with one flue te 2 = are of the sort of fabric
for these two openings, and Three views of the great fireplace in the living-room—This fireplace artists devise by skilfully
the observer has the unusual has openings on two sides dipping the material in dyes
opportunity here of looking through the double arch of of just the right tone. The results are charming, unique,
the fireplace into the distant portion of the living-room. and only attainable by the initiated. Another short stairway

The wrought-iron fire-baskets rest on antique andirons, leads up to the studio, the largest room in the house, over-
whose spreading feet stand on the stone floor. Ina climate epee the front with its low gable end. Directly at
where a fire is so grateful during the end of the studio a door opens
all but the hottest Summer to a short terrace against the hill-
months, the blazing fire of logs side. With windows on three
or the glowing coal fire of Win- sides, this lofty room is an ideal
ter makes here a beautiful picture workroom. A large chimney at
of homelike comfort and _ hospi- the end, built of rough stone, has,
tality. The stone floor soon be- like its companion of the living-
comes warm and holds the heat. room, some quite unique features
With rugs spread over it, it is the in the arrangement of the fire-
warmest possible floor. place. The stone firebed is lifted

The stairway, crossing near the about eighteen inches above the
entrance door, crosses the end of hearth, and is deep enough to
the living-room to a narrow bal- take very large logs of wood.
cony built across the chimney The hood is supported by heavy
breast. From this, entrance is iron cross pieces. The shelves
made to a bedroom over the din- and seats on either side are of
ing-room and to the ‘‘nook”’ above stone slabs and boulders, just as
the living-room, where a piano, they came from the mountain.
easy chairs and a swinging ham- The balcony across the opposite
mock invite to cosy comfort with end of the studio is lighted by a
book or music. The windows of group of windows, and is in itself
this upper corner open to the nar- a commodious workroom.
row covered balcony of the front Just beneath the studio, with
of the house, sheltered by the doors opening on both sides of the
pine trees. house, is a commodious dog ken-

A bedroom, having windows nel, with all the nooks and sepa-
opening on the same balcony, oc- rate little houses these friends of
cupies the other corner of the the family desire.
front of the house. There the The kitchen, pantry, servants’
roof, extending far beyond the rooms and laundry occupy the
walls, protects the many windows center of the house, with the ser-
from the strong sunlight. vice entrance just back of the high

A door opening into a hall at cement screen of the front porch.
the head of the stairway leads | LZ 2 ah A special feature of the furnish-
into the center of the house. Two rae fireplace 1 is one of Ae Set original ever ae ings is the built-in dressing-tables

giz2

AMERICAN HOM

End of the studio, showing broad fireplace
under the windows of the bedrooms, with mirrors set into
the walls. The beds, instead of having a high head and
footboard, have merely a rail of uniform height at the head,
sides and foot, with square spindles enclosing them on all
but one side. At the foot, a low seat drops hike a table-
leaf when not in use.

Of the gray screens used in the living-room to separate
any one portion of the room from another, they are covered
in heavy material without ornament. ‘The walls throughout
the house are ceiled in wood and stained gray. The win-
dows are curtained with a material not too heavy, nor yet
entirely transparent, of an indescribable dull rose color,
having one of those specially designed patterns in gray with
touches of white, which only artists trust themselves to
create, mere suggestions of pattern, with dull tones of color,
as seen against the light.

The timbered paneling of the outer wall surface lends a
fine architectural note to the exterior of the building. The
stain of dark gray is most satisfactory, giving the timbers
the grayness of old-world houses.

As seen from one of the distant mountain roads, the com-
pact building, with its stuccoed walls and pink tiled roof,
recalls the villas of Italy, set
against the hillside among its
pine trees.

There is always a special
glamour and a particular in-
terest surrounding a_ studio
or the workroom of an art-
ist, and when the surround-
ings may be planned regard-
less of the restrictions which
limit and hedge in the ar-
rangement of most homes,
and in a region as wild and
as picturesque as that in
which this country studio is
set, the result is sure to be
attractive. Miss Woodward
has planned her home to
meet the combined require-
ments of a dwelling as well
as of a workroom, and the
plan shows a very skillful
and successful working out
and combining of rooms
for both purposes. The ar-
rangement provides spacious
and exceedingly attractive
living quarters—a great liv-
ing-room so divided by its
double fireplaces that it is a
dining-room as well, and the
service-rooms so_ planned

| ae
anos is,

The foundauions and

ree Be

EERO RY PE PEE A

E'S

ras

were

half-timber design give the house a Japanese aspect
emphasized by the grove of Evergreens in which the structure is placed

September, 1912

AND GARDENS

FOE SGT GC RRR FSM ANE 38 PEAT APIS
: > we RTS: , —==-—C
‘ 4, ey

and grouped that they are cempact and complete within
themselves and interfere in no way with the rest of the
house.

The upper floor is divided into bedrooms and planned
with special reference to the comfort and convenience of
guests, the narrow balconies which are tucked up under the
wide overhang of the eaves serving a very practical purpose
as open air sleeping rooms which are especially attractive
to visitors in the Catskill country and in a place where the
house is set within a forest of pine.

But after all the chief reason for the existence of this
beautiful home is that it may serve as a studio wherein an
artist may work, and the great area and height given to
this room and the skillful arrangement of its windows
prove how well the studio is equipped to fulfill the purpose
for which it was designed. Someone who has known many
artists and visited studios in city and country in many parts
of the world has said that for some reason the workshop
is the part of the house which seems the most attractive
and where the family and its friends love chiefly to congre-
gate. One may imagine, therefore, that even with the very
attractive living quarters of Miss Woodward’s home the
favorite meeting place is
about the big fireplace built
of boulders which fills in one
end of her studio and which
is surrounded by windows
that give upon a grounds
close to a delightful pine
forest; trees that are indeed
her outdoor guests.

It is easy to picture the
charm of this great room
during the late hours of a
Winter afternoon, when the
snow-covered ground, the
sturdy boughs of the pines
and perhaps the glow of a
Winter sunset may be seen
from the fireside where the
warmth and light of blazing
logs summon family and
guests to the afternoon ren-
dezvous in the studio. At
this witching hour the beauty
of out of doors is at its
height and the cheer and
comfort within are especial-
ly inviting, so that a beauti-
ful home which is also a
studio, and placed amid the
lavishness of nature’s
bounty, combines the charms
of all to a wonderful degree,

September, 1912

+ beep lade A Dt ad

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SB WS DA EAI OS SIE ELE Sa

One of the chief attractions of the Peony lies in its wealth of beautiful foliage throughout the season

The Peony

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

saa] HE beautiful hardy perennial, the herbaceous
4y44|| Peony, is one of the incomparable flowers
<4|| which the old-fashioned garden has handed
down with tender care to the appreciative
garden-maker of to-day. There is not, in
the whole realm of Flora, a plant combin-
ing a greater variety of garden advantages. Peonies are
hardy and need little care, their color is exquisite and runs
from the snow-white of the Festiva Maxima variety, illus-
trated at the bottom of page 325, through the ivory and
cream tints of such varieties as the ‘‘Duke of Wellington,”
the “Amazone” or the “Couronne d’Or”’ to the velvety red
of the “Auguste Lemonnier,” with hundreds of intermediary
tints and even deeper colorings than the last named variety
as we find in the blossoms of the “‘Constant Devred,”’ a fine
variety bearing soft, clear purple blossoms which are imbri-
cated like a Rose and which are very fragrant.

Herbaceous Peonies might well be described as hardy as
an oak plant, for they withstand the most severe climates
and sudden climatic changes, and seem to increase in vigor
each succeeding year of their growth, being remarkably
free, as well, from all plant diseases and from insects as
well. It flowers early in June, and September is the proper
month for setting out new plants. In preparing for the
planting one should bear in mind the fact that the soil
should be free from the application of fresh manurial fer-

tilizer. Old manure that has stood for at least ten months
may be employed, but even then it would be better if this
were turned over with the soil in the spot where the Peonies
are to be planted some time before they are actually set out.
One of the most frequent faults in Peony culture, with
those who have had little planting experience, lies in their
not preparing the soil by digging it to a depth of fully two
feet, working it into a fine condition of pulverization. Again
the drainage conditions of the soil should be taken into
consideration, just as they should in setting out other her-
baceous species.

In ordering plants for September setting, it is worth re-
membering that if early effects are desired, clumps of undi-
vided roots should be specified, though of course single
roots are far less expensive, and where one is willing to
bide the time, they will, in the course of a few seasons,
produce fine clumps by re-multiplying. Peonies, sturdy grow-
ers though they are, need some humoring for the first sea-
son. They take their own time in establishing themselves,
as though they were conscious of their supremacy and their
dignity did not find rushing into gorgeous array compatable
with their station in Nature’s court. Indeed, it often hap-
pens that they do not bloom at all the first year after they
are set out, and not infrequently also miss the second year.
But one must not be discouraged, and we ought to remem-
ber that the reward for our patience in the future of these

A Peony of the Rose variety
beautiful plants is in keeping with the care we give to
them and the curb to our impatience to see everything we
plant rushing into a riot of bloom. Again, if the Peonies
you plant this September should blossom next season with
but an indifferent quality of flowering, do not feel that you

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SDAA. AEST ae i ete

s of the herbaceous Peonies blooming in profusion

September, 1912

have been deceived in your hopes, for Peonies have a trick
of not putting their best bloom foremost until they are quite
ready to dazzle the garden world. Many plants that pro-
duce poor flowers the first season come forward the third
with a luxurious wealth of color, a glad surprise to the
garden-maker whose faith has not remained unshaken in
the traditions of the plant.

Probably the desire to have varieties not to be found in
our neighbor’s garden often leads one into mistakes in
selecting varieties for planting. It would be far better to
try to learn what varieties are best suited to the section of
the country where one’s garden is located than to experi-
ment, at least without asking competent advice on the sub-
ject. There may, for instance, be certain varieties that
would prove themselves to be prolific bloomers in Penn-
sylvania, but which might produce but a scant number of
blossoms in New England or in the Middle West. For-
tunately, however, the garden-maker will find it quite safe
to take the advice of reliable nurserymen on this subject,
and the garden-beginner lacking experience in the matter
could scarcely do better than to decide, in a general way,
the main characteristics, such as color, form and fragrance
of the Peonies he desires for planting, leaving the selection
of exact varieties to the nurseryman who supplies his need.
A careful study of the Peony catalogues will be both profit-
able and interesting, and one can learn much therefrom, as
the modern catalogue has come to be almost a condensed
horticultural handbook of plant varieties. One might also
bear in mind that a neighbor’s garden, without a word from
the neighbor himself, as a record of his plants should not
be taken as an infallible guide, for the reason of the extraor-
dinary way Peonies now and then have of defying the sea-

2 Se ae

September, 1912

sons. I have known gardens ablaze in color with an infinite
number of wonderful Peony blossoms right in the midst of
a season that has been hard on all other flowering plants,
and which, in a season of apparently the most favorable
weather conditions, produced but few blossoms, though the
next year these same plants burst forth again in all their
glory. In connection with this phase of Peony culture, it
should be remarked that the English varieties of Peonies
sometimes imported seldom thrive as well in the climate of
America as they do in their own environment. Therefore
it would be better to avoid such varieties unless one wished
to experiment.

As to the various distinct sorts of Peonies, from the point
of their habits of growth, there is the Shrubby species, with
one representative—Ponia Monton, called the Tree Peony;
the Single or ‘““Anemone”’ Peonies, such as the “Sunbeam”’
and the ‘‘Otto Froebel”’ varieties, and the Double or “‘Rose”’
and ‘‘Crown’”’ types of Peonies, such as the Festiva Maxi-
ma, “Golden Harvest” and the Rubra Superba, with the
intermediate or Japanese Peonies—single varieties just be-
ginning to double. ~The Bomb varieties are those sorts
which show still further doubling.

When planting Peonies the crowns of the stock should be
placed some two inches below the surface of the soil. As
suggested in a paragraph elsewhere in this article, the fer-
tilizer used in the beds should be well-rotted. Peonies are
gross feeders and the ground in which they are planted
should be well tilled. A top- -dressing placed upon the plants
in November, and forked into the beds the following Spring,
will be of much help in encouraging growth. Peonies appre-
ciate a generous amount of water, especially in the period
of their bloom. When dividing clumps the division will

é
i
a

KEEN eS aioe

ms et ie a ht SN baa hice ath

AMERICAN HOMES

AND GARDENS

A Peony that has learned the trick of perfect bloom
be determined by the number of Tubers with eyes. There
should be as many divisions as there are eyes to the Tubers.
Tubers without eyes may also be planted, as they often shoot

forth after a couple of years. As Peonies, when dormant,
stand the exposure during shipment and storage remark-

Many varieties of the Peony possess a delightful a geee that lends a Pachent: pertuine to ais garden

326

ably well, the garden-beginner need have little fear of order-
ing plants from a distance when that is necessary. We
need not here touch upon the other two methods of Peony
propagation, that of propagation by grafting and that of
propagation by seeds, as only the professional gardener
will be apt to start Peonies by either of these methods.

When we take into consideration the fact that there are
some two hundred varieties of Peonies in cultivation, we
shall have no difficulty in making a selection for our gar-
dens, unless it be that we are met with an embarassment
of these riches. Even horticulturists disagree in the matter
of the estimated number of sorts of Peonies, some even
insisting that over two thousand varieties are to be found.
However, I think two hundred is not too conservative an
estimate, for the mere difference in horticultural names
given various plants at profuse florists’ christenings does not
necessarily mean that all of the Peonies listed are constant
and actually different varieties.

Nearly every one of us will wish to have Peonies in our
gardens suitable for cutting, and the following list will call
attention to those varieties which experience has shown to
be recommended for this purpose:

WHITE: Festiva Maxima, the loveliest of all white
Peonies; Papaveriflora (tinged with yellow); Madame
Crousse, Bernard Palissy, LaTulipe; Madame de Verne-
ville (compact) ; Couronne d’Or (late); Duchesse de Ne-
mours (sulphur white); Marie Lemoine (very late) and
the Monsieur Dupont.

PINK: Beauté Francais (fragrant and early) ; Perfection
(fragrant and late); President Wilder (dwarf variety) ;
Livingstone, Alexandrina, Marguerite Gerard and Madame
Emile Galle.

Rose: Marie Deroux; Norfolk; Madame Geissler; Dan-
iel d’Albert; Zoe Calot, and Delicatissima (very large).

Rep: Rubra Superba (late); Modeste Guerin (very

fine) ; Francois Ortegat; Insignis (fragrant) ; Denis Helye;
Felix Crousse and Auguste Lemonnier.

Single*varieties of the Peony are less commonly met with in our gardens than the double varieties, but they are as beautiful

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

YELLOW: Golden Wedding and Solfaterre.

The following is a list of dependable Peony varieties,
arranged alphabetically, and planned to assist the garden-
maker in his selections for September planting: Adolph
Rousseau (large, deep purple); Ambroise Verschaffelt
(purplish crimson, fragrant); Arthemise (rose); Atro-
sanguinea (red tinged with violet); Augustin d’Hour
(purplish scarlet); Baroness Schroeder (flesh pink) ;
Charles Binder (deep pink, fragrant); Charles Verdier
(Lilac Rose); Charlemagne (white, fragrant, late) ; Con-
stant Devred (purple); Delacheii (dark crimson); Dr.
Bretonneau (rose-pink, fragrant); Dorchester (cream,
fragrant); Eudalis (violet rose, fragrant); Festiva
(white); Fulgida (crimson); General Bertrand (rose-
violet) ; Globoso Grandiflora (white, fragrant) ; Gigantea
(delicate rose, fragrant) ; Henri Demay (violet-purple, fra-
grant, late); Jeanne d’Arc (rose and straw center) ; Jus-
sieu (deep crimson); Lady Leonora Bramwell (silvery
rose); Latipetela (flesh and cream); Louis Van Houtte
(dark crimson); Madame Bucquet (dark maroon) ;
Madame de Galhau (salmon); Madame Ducel (salmon
rose); Madame Geissler (silvery rose); Madame Lebon
(cherry) ; Mademoiselle Leonie Calot (salmon) ; Made-
moiselle R. Dessert (lilac) ; Monsieur Boucharlat (lilac) ;
Monsieur J. Elie (glossy pink); Monsieur Martin Ca-
huzac (black maroon); Ne Plus Ultra (rose, fragrant) ;
Perfection (pink, fragrant, late) ; Dubra Triumphans (dark
crimson) ; Therese (flesh-pink) ; Vicomtesse Belleval (pink,
fragrant); Ville de Nancy (crimson, late); Violacea (vio-
let), and Zoe Calot (delicate rose).

Among those Peonies which are earliest to flower may be
mentioned three ‘“Officinalis’’ varieties, viz.: Rubra, a

double fragrant crimson of large size, the old-fashioned

early red Peony; Tenuifolia Flore Pleno, a double, fennel-

leaved variety bearing bright scarlet-crimson flowers, and

the Rosea Peony, one of the lovely rose-colored variety.
(Continued on page 333)

September, 1912

LW views of a Beautiful Seine

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

of bronze and crystal.

327

The Breeding and Care of Gold Fish

By Ida D. Bennett
Photographs by T. C. Turner

N breeding and care of gold fish a pastime

the initial undertaking and the rapidity
with which this class of fish increase. Of
course if one is to embark in the-under-
taking from a strictly commercial standpoint, and aim to
produce fish by the hundreds of thousands, as do the big
hatcheries, then the outlay will be considerable, but for the
private individual or amateur who wishes, first of all, to
enjoy the possession of these delightful little pets, and
incidentally, to have them pay expenses from the start, they
are all that one can desire in entertaining a hobby.

It is really surprising the amount of these little beauties
which are sold annually in the department stores of the
country; it is a very small dealer indeed who does not sell
several thousand a year, and a dealer who wrote me re-
cently to get prices on my fish stated that he wished to pur-
chase one hundred thousand of them.

While the possessor of two or three fish as pets will,
usually, be content with a globe or aquarium in the house,
those desiring to rear the fish, in however small a scale,
should have pools or ponds in the open air. Usually the
formal Lily pool now so frequently found in all extensive
gardens will answer admirably for the rearing of a limited
number of fish. A pool twelve feet in diameter will afford
abundant room for a half dozen.mature fish, and from
these one may, with the minimum of care, expect a hundred

is found where one can work profitably»
because of the small outlay required in

young fry by Fall. Many more would be secured were it

‘not for the penchant of all fish to feed on the spawn or

eggs, and what is still more disastrous, of the young spawn,
themselves, to feed on the eggs and tiny fish; for this rea-
son one seldom secures more than the first two or three
hatches. Of course this could be avoided by having two
or more pools and removing the small fish to the second as
soon as large enough to capture with a net, but where one
considers the use of a single pool this is not practicable.

Another alternative is to stretch a screen of fine meshed
galvanized wire across the pool, so shutting off a portion
into which the younger fish can escape.

Where one has no poo! but wishes to construct one, the
ordinary cement Lily pool will be most satisfactory as an-
swering the double purpose of growing Water Lilies and
fish, thus gaining a double value from the investment. ‘The
usual pool is twe feet in depth, one foot of which is taken
up with earth.

In such a pool the presence of growing vegetation aerates
the water and keeps it in a healthy condition for the life
of the fish, the green scum or alge which will gather as
soon as the water is warm is composed of minute vegetable
life which is food for the tiny fish and should not be re-
moved. If this were present in the indoor globes the fish
would fare much better. Water in such a pool where the
conditions are natural is full of minute animal life which
supplies the young and grown fish with food, so that nutri-
ment is unnecessary, but one will always wish to give to

328

fish for the pleasure it affords to establish the intimate rela-
tionship which only comes from hand feeding and compan-
ionship. For this purpose a bit of bread held in the hand
is the best food, and while the fish may be shy at first, they
will soon learn to expect their owner and the food, and if
this is given at regular hours they will be found waiting.
Usually feeding time gives one their first glimpse of the
young fish, which may be half grown or not more than an
inch, or less, in length, according to how the old fish have
been handled and their confidence. Fish which I have
bought from dealers and put at once in the ponds some-
times take months to become tame, and tneir progeny will
be half grown before they develop much confidence, while
the same fish, when returned to the pond the following
Spring will only need to become ac-
customed to the open pond to re-
sume intimate relations, and the
young fry come when very small to
feed out of our hands. Of course,
in the aquarium indoors they are as
tame as kittens.

If, however, one is building a pool
expressly for fish it should be made
with shelving sides so that at the
margin the water may be much too
shallow for the grown or half grown
fish; this should be well planted with
water plants, especially about the
edge, so that at the time of spawn-
ing the eggs may float against and
adhere to the leaves; then when the
little fish hatch they will be in shal-
low water, out of the reach of the
larger sort, and will remain there
until old enough to care for them-
selves.

The spawning of the goldfish,
which takes place usually between
four and nine o’clock in the morning,
is of much interest. When about to
spawn, the roe fish begin to swim
rapidly around the pool, followed
closely by the male fish, or by sev-
eral if only one female is spawning
at a time. The eggs pass from the
roe in a soft, gelatinous mass which
separates upon touching the water,
the eggs floating back from the fish
and settling against the plants or
side of the pool, anything with which
they come in contact. At the same time, the male fish, swim-
ming close behind the roe, emit a viscid fluid which, coming
in contact with the egg, adheres to and fertilizes them.

Unlike a hen’s or bird’s egg, the fish egg has no encasing
shell, merely a rather tough membrane, and fertilization
takes place much as the bird’s egg is fertilized in the oviduct
before it becomes encased in the shell.

The eggs are small, yellowish-white objects about as
large as the head of a small pin. They hatch in from two
to seven days, according to the temperature of the water.
An interesting experiment is to gather a few of the eggs,
place them in a thin, clear wineglass of water and set this
upon the top of a window sash where they can be closely
observed. Usually one will be able to see more or less of
the eggs hatch if close watch is kept. The eggs will settle
to the bottom of the glass; suddenly one is seen to stir
almost imperceptibly; again, and the motion is more pro-
nounced. Then the shell falls apart, revealing the tiny inmate,
coiled within; for an instant he does not stir, then the nearly
colorless mite straightens out, and presto, is full of life

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A novel form of aquarium

September, 1912

and activity. In appearance the newly hatched fish re-
sembles nothing so much as a tiny needle of crystal about
three sixteenths of an inch in length and showing a dark line
which, by the way, is his spinal column and cord, down his
back. Color only comes when he begins to feed, and this
he cannot do until placed in pond water, for the little fry
cannot eat anything which we can provide—nothing so large
as to be visible to the human eye. Two big black eyes are
uncannily conspicuous, indeed the youngster seems to be
all eyes at this stage of his growth.

In the commercial hatcheries or in one’s own practice,
if one is so fortunate as to own two or more ponds, the
spawn is gathered each morning as soon as laid and de-
posited upon the moss in the hatching and breeding pools;
in this way a large percent. of the
fish are saved.

There are three kinds of the com-
mon gold fish on the market: the
gold fish proper, which are of vary-
ing shades of red, according to qual-
ity, the finest being a clear pure red,
rather dark in color; then there are
varying shades of red, yellowish-
red, and amber, many of these last
are exceedingly beautiful and bring
a somewhat higher price in the mar-
ket than other shades of red. Pearl
fish, which are the white fish and of
somewhat more value when pure in
tone and unmixed with other color,
and the so-called silver fish, which
are merely uncolored gold fish.
Usually, in a pool of mixed fish, a
large percent. will be these uncol-
ored fish, which at maturity may be
all red, pure white, amber or a com-
bination of all these colors. Some-
times these dark fish are almost or
quite black and in changing show
markings of red and black, usually
distributed with the body red, and
tail and fins jet black; when marked
this way they appear in the trade as
American Orioles and are very beau-
tiful. Unfortunately they do not re-
tain these beautiful markings, the
black disappearing entirely by the
end of the first year. If one wishes
the permanent black markings they
[must purchase the Japanese Orioles.

Many of the mixed colors are very handsome, much de-
pending on the depth of the red and the purity of the white
and the character of the markings. In selecting fish for
breeding, one should reject any showing poor color or
markings or defective fins or tails; the loss of a scale or two
is not of moment, as these are renewed just as one’s finger-
nails grow again.

There are several varieties of gold fish which much ex-
ceed in beauty the common sports; perhaps none of them is
more beautiful than the fan-tail, especially when grown with
the perfect triangular tails of three segments. These are
quite as easily raised as the common sort and should be pre-
ferred. The fringe tails are another exceedingly beautiful
fish, really the most graceful things I ever saw. Then there
are the long-tailed comets and the telescope fish, which last
are really more curious than beautiful, with their globular
bodies and protruding eyes; however, one may well covet a
pair of these when procurable in jet black or the rarer blue
color. These last fish, however, are seldom brought to this
country, as they command a very high price at home.

September, 1912

5 rs,
we ee

*? ee

The glass tank form of aquarium

There is no positive way of telling the sex of young fish
and no distinguishing marks to identify the old except at
the spawning season, when an ordinary study of the roe
fish will serve to identify her. If, however, one has his
fish in a large aquarium in the house in the Winter, and will
observe closely, it will be quite possible by Spring to have
them sorted so as to select breeding pairs with certainty.

It will be noticed that whenever the aquarium is changed
and cleaned that under the stimulus of fresh water, well
charged with oxygen, the fish show much activity. Playing
freely, especially in the evening and early morning. It will
be noticed that in their play one fish always chases and fol-
lows close behind another, rubbing its head against the
other’s head and side. This last fish is always the male fish,
and one should note carefully his color and markings, as well
as those of the female which he is pursuing. ‘The same
method is practicable in the pond, though one seldom gets
as clear a view of the fish among the moss and lily pads as
in the more open aquarium.

Most of the young fish can be removed from the pool
when wanted by means of a minnow net, but after a few
netsful are taken the remainder become timid and it will
be necessary to leave them in the pool until cold weather,
when the Lily pads should all be cut and as much of the moss
as possible removed for sale or Winter use, and the water
drained from the pond and the fish picked up from the re-
ceding water. It will be necessary to turn over every leaf
and bit of moss and explore every little depression in the
mud for the fish, and one must have a tub of water handy to
receive them. Indoors the care of fish is simple: as little
handling as possible, an abundance of fresh water, but not
too frequent change, just so often as the water appears
cloudy and sufficient water plant to keep the water perfectly
aerated. The Cabomba is the best plant for the purpose
and it should be used in bunches weighted with a strip of
lead about the ends. Cover the bottom of the globe or
aquarium with pebbles, as these hold the dirt in the bottom
and prevents it rising and mixing with the water.

When the aquarium is to be cleaned, all moss and stones
should be removed and thoroughly washed, scalding the
stones and such ornamental castles, etc., as may be present,
washing the sides and bottom of the aquarium. If a large
one, the water may be syphoned out with a length of hose,
which will pick up and remove all the dirt from the bottom;
where this is done no stones or shells small enough to enter
the hose should be used and care must be given that no small

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

329

fish are caught and carried outside. Even when exercising
considerable care, I have found fish in the pool of water
on the ground, and as this usually occurs in cold weather
they are very apt to be frozen stiff and care must be taken
in lifting and handling them, as the tails and fins are liable
to be broken. No treatment, other than to place at once
in the fresh water of the aquarium, is required, as a tem-
porary freeze does not hurt fish, indeed all sorts of fish will
stand a surprising amount of hardships and accidents, pro-
viding it is not unsanitary, but filth and disease is fatal to
fish.

When for any reason it is necessary to defer renewing
the water in the aquarium until it becomes unsanitary and
the fish show signs of injury, they should be removed to a
dish or tub of fresh, cold water, to which has been added a
liberal handful of table salt; indeed, salt is the one universal
remedy for most of the ills to which fish are liable and it is
an excellent idea to give them a salt bath frequently during
the Winter. In removing the fish from the aquarium it is
best to let out most of the water first and then lift the fish
by catching them between the palms of the hands, the head
of the fish at the tips of the fingers—in this way they do
not struggle and are less apt to be injured or frightened.

Always provide the aquarium with a castle or other object
having various sized openings, as they love to hide away in
these. Very attractive ones can be manufactured at home
of pebbles and cement reinforced with wire, if the pure
white cement and marble dust is used, the result may be
very successful and will be of a size to harmonize with the
globe or aquarium; failing, then pile a few large stones for
a grotto or cave and see how much they will be enjoyed.

The best Winter food for fish is rolled oats, scattering
upon the surface of the water just what they will eat up clean
during the day and not giving more until this is all eaten.

(Continued on page 336)

PEE yh, ov

et g. Of ae ad ao &

A globe of goldfish in fitting surroundings is always an_ interesting
decorative feature

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

‘WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

RE) ONS:

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration.
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is«desired

Stamps

CANDLES AND LAMPS
By Harry Martin Yeomans

T this season, when one’s thoughts are still
upon “‘the little house in the country,” or,
perhaps, the house which has been planned
and dreamed about during the past months

is about to become a reality,
one should not overlook the
subject of those artistic illumination fixtures
which add so much to the charm of a room.
Among these we will here touch upon
candles and lamps.

Pottery and porcelain vases, having
openings wide enough to accommodate an
oil font, make exceptionally handsome
lamps and can be fitted for either oil or
electricity. Lamps made from vases in this
way are by far more beautiful and appro-
priate than those that are ordinarily seen in
the shops, and when a shade has been added
which harmonizes with the other furnish-
ings, a lamp will result waich is different
from all others and one
which will not be alien to its
surroundings. An oil font
with a burner can be made
to order to fit any vase for
$3.50. It should not be less
than four inches in diameter,
nor too deep.

The writer recently saw a
high class lamp of good de-
sign which would be very at-
tractive in a more or less
formal Colonial room, espe-
cially with a cretonne shade
to match tne general color
scheme. This lamp was
priced five dollars, and others
like them are easily procur-
able in city shops.

The dining-room table is
never so beautifully illumi-
nated as when shaded
candles are employed. Can-
dlesticks of silver, glass or
porcelain hold first place for
table decoration and shades
of yellow or rose-pink give
the most pleasing light and
are not trying to th cvs. ==
The _ objection

sometimes

ub ifein niGliGes (i

Often Lob

typical example

made to candles is that they burn down and must be con-
stantly watched so that the shadeholder can be lowered
gradually to keep pace with the candle-length. This objec-
tionable feature is done away with if one uses the imitation
candle with shadeholder attached. This make-believe candle
is of a white composition, inside of which the real candle is
placed, and a spiral spring arrangement pushes it up as the

ie.
3

LOL! PEE

of Bavarian

peasant work in kitchen utensils

A lamp made from a Wedgewood vase

candle gradually burns away.

In the illustration is shown a three-
branched Russian brass candlestick, which
is suitable for a room having stained wood-
work or finished in dark tones such as usu-
ally accompany the Mission style of fur-
nishing. This candlestick is extremely hand-
some and such objects can be bought in the

apiece.

The two pressed glass candlesticks here
illustrated cost but ten cents each and are
suitable for use in a Colonial dining-room
or in one furnished in mahogany. The
imitation candles cost fifty cents and the
little Empire shades not more than thirty
cents each, so it will be seen
that any dining-room may
have attractive candle lights
at very little expense.

RED AND VIOLET IN INTERIOR
DECORATION

T is true that every color

can be used in interior
decoration, if properly em-
ployed and just the right one
can be found, which only
emphasizes the fact that
some colors are much more
dificult to handle than
others. Red and violet are in
this category and it accounts
for their being rarely ad-
vised by decorators when
the problem of decorating
the little house is under con-
sideration. Instead, the
grays, which are neutralized
violets, and the rose colors
and terra cotta, which are
derived from red, are used.

Red itself, when employed
at anywhere near its full in-
tensity, is an excitable, irri-
tating, nervous color, and is
positively injurious to some

brass shops for as little as two dollars

September, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 331

people, although they may not realize it. It makes rooms purchasing decorations that have shades or tints of violet
appear smaller than they really are and 1s not a good back- in their composition. If, however, one elects to use one of
ground. For this latter reason it should be avoided in all the colors derived from violet, the lavenders will be found
rooms where ladies are apt to congre- _ ss to: answer the purpose best, and especi-
gate, as the various colors of their ally when combined with yellow.
gowns will be shown off to the worst Violet is a morbid color and red is
possible advantage. Good reds cannot too energetic, which accounts for their
be obtained in the less expensive grades being conspicuous by their absence in
of wall-papers and fabrics, and the home decorating.
cheap reds give a common, tawdry A BLACK RUG
appearance to a room. O keep its proper place in a deco-
At one time red was considered as rative scheme, the floor should be
absolutely the only color for the walls dark in tone, in direct contrast with the
of the hall and the dining-room, but, ceiling, which should be the lightest part
happily, the yellows, tans, grays, and of the color scheme. With this idea in
buffs are now appreciated at their full mind the black rug has made its appear-
value. ance, but only time can tell whether it
Violet is the nearest color that we will become a permanent fixture in in-
have to black, and all of the colors ob- terior decoration or not. The writer
tained directly from it, the mauves and & saw one of these black rugs at the
lavenders, although they may be beau- Blue Meissen is an attractive ware for the Woman's Industrial Exhibition recently

tiful in themselves, absorb a great deal table held in New York. It was the floor
of light, and by artificial light they are apt to appear dead _ covering for a William and Mary room, simply paneled in
and black. This thought should be borne in mind when (Continued on page 336)

a ne teen ee ANA ce Fe ee a NRC i Ce maaan mai ea” tg Ae Mey

Lamp base made from a pottery vase costing seventy-five cents and a group of three candlesticks, the outer ones of which cost but ten
cents apiece and are as effective as they are easy to procure

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
$3. 000080000 fi |(O}]k=} 00000000 fst

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND

GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor.
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

September, 1912

If a personal

gq); DO not think there is a lovelier month in the
whole of the season than September in the
garden. There is something satisfying about
well-settled beds of gorgeous Asters, the
Gladioli, Cosmos and the Lilies that have
not yet forsaken us. We may miss the Daf-
fodils of ie the Roses of June, the Columbines of July
and Veronica, fair maid of the August garden, but we still
have Ageratum, Anemone Campanula, Clarkia, Dahlia,
Foxglove, Godetia, Helianthus Lobelia, Moonflower, dear
little Love-in-a-Mist, and many other old favorites with us.
We look around upon our garden’s delights with pride,
and even our garden mistakes seem trivial beside the suc-
cesses that have come to our patient cultivation of the plants
we love. Over there, we tell ourselves, our hardy border
has come out too thinly, but we can make amends even in
the month to come, for by the time October’s planting is
here our Summer’s experience will have shown us wherein
we may make next year’s garden even far more lovely than,
perhaps, this season’s one has been. You will be wishing

An weer: of effective planting around the house

(0) :
O000GO00000,
bok {e)

to take note of the color effects derived by planting—you
hardly knew what, when your inexperienced hand first sowed
the seed or set out the seedlings.
OW, as you look about you, there appears too much dark
color just there near the Hollyhocks, or the Cosmos
has come out all white and pale Lilac. Next year it will be
right, for as soon as it is possible you will replant for better
color effects than it was possible you could do until a Summer
in your garden had taught you its worth-while lessons. You
will do some plant moving later; those stalks which spread
too thickly yonder by the Portulaca bed, quite hiding and
almost smothering the bright-faced little earth-clasping spots
of gorgeous color, will have to be transplanted to those
‘‘thin”’ spots by the Foxgloves, where you are standing.
EPTEMBER was wont, in days of old, to appear to be
a cool-sounding month, in name, but we know how mer-
ciless its droughts have come to be and how carefully we
must tend our late-season gardens if we would not have
them become dried up and sorrowful things, which a little
labor and a little love for them would have kept fresh and
refreshing to the sight. You will wish to make little tours
of inspection around the home grounds every day, giving suc-
cor to here a plant and there a plant which needs your care.
Stir up the sun-baked soil around the plant-bases, when they
need it, and make little tunnels to the roots so water may
reach them. A good plan is to remove a couple of inches of
soil from around the plants (the choice shrubs and the like),
and after watering until the soil will soak up no more mois-
ture, replace the soil, crumbling it fine’and letting itact asa mulch.
HE garden-maker will be looking forward to the forth-
coming florists’ Fall Bulb catalogues, planning selec-
tions, placing orders and preparing—it is none too soon—
for the coming Fall Bulb-planting activities. The lawn will
require much attention this month.
EKPTEMBER’S blistering days are often a discourage-
ment to the lawn-maker, but he need not despair if a
goodly water supply and hose are available. Just sprinkling
the lawn actually does more harm than good. The kindly in-
tentioned home-maker who sprinkles the lawn for five min-
utes every day probably wonders why his grass does not
keep up. The trouble is that lawns need to be drenched.
They require many and frequent thorough wettings, al-
though one must take care never to rip up places in the sod
by directing the stream of water from the hose-nozzle di-
rectly upon the grass plot. The nose should be so manipu-
lated that the water will drop from it in the manner of
falling rain.
S for those plants which the garden-maker will wish to
move about, the young Hollyhocks, Sweet William,
Gaillardia and Clove Pinks, must be taken up and reset by
the middle of the month or left undisturbed until the coming
Spring months. April, too, will be the month for trans-
planting Anemones, Yuocas, hardy Chrysanthemums, Tri-
tomas and Magnolias. Do not try to transplant them in the Fall.

September, 1912

ANY garden beginners
have already planted

perennial seed in boxes. The
seedlings should be set out
by the middle of the month
in the places where they are
to come into bloom in next
year’s garden. Of course
these will require protection
throughout the Winter by a
mulching of straw or a light
covering of manure.

F you are going to do any

potting, it will be well for
you to prepare a supply of
soil for the purpose, making
it of a mixture of garden
soil, leaf mold, compost
manure, etc. Do not neglect
attending to this matter, for
proper potting soil is not always easily obtained at the
moment it is wanted unless one collects a sufficient store of
it in advance.

UR great-grandmothers never let the month of Sep-
€) tember in the garden slip by without being on the alert
for falling seeds from pods of annuals and perennials.
The garden-maker of to-day usually bothers little about
such things, and yet it is a pity, for there is a certain fasci-
nation in bringing to perfection a garden from seeds one
has grown himself. At least, it would be interesting to
mark the more interesting plants, season after season, and
gather their seed before they are lost to us by being scat-
tered from the pods.

OU had best plant bulbs of the Madonna Lily and of
» pore Lilies this month early, and lift and divide
and reset those Lilies which have already multiplied
in your gardens. Crocuses, Daffodils and other very
early flowering bulbs can go into the ground this month,
though Tulips and Hyacinths can very well safely wait
until October comes around, before being covered over.

NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS

READER of AMERICAN

Homes AND GARDENS has cour-
teously sent us the interesting pho-
tograph here reproduced of the fra-
grant Night-blooming Cereus,
Cereus grandiflorus. This extraor-
dinary and beautiful specimen shows
six blossoms, an unusual number on
a plant of its size. The Night-
blooming Cereus has very white
blossoms from six to eight inches in
diameter, and is native to the West
Indies and Mexico, though long cul-
tivated in our gardens, indoors and
out. This species of the genus
Cereus of the Cacti family is but
one of about one hundred other spe-
cies. It is a luxurious grower when
placed where it may receive an
abundance of light and good air.
An open compost, porus in nature,
is best for it, but the drainage must
be perfect or the plant will not
thrive. The potting soil for indoor
growth can be made up of one part
of fibrous loam and one part com-
posed of lime rubbish, sand and
crushed brick. The flowers of the
Night-blooming Cereus open but

AMERICAN HOMES

An arch of this sort, overgrown with Wistaria, changes the whole
aspect of the service yard

The fragrant Night-blooming Cereus, Cereus grandiflorus

AND GARDENS 333
once, wilting when sunlight
strikes them, hence the
special interest from the
point of view of the plants
being a curiosity of veget-
able life.

EVERGREENS FOR BEDDING
SUBSCRIBER of
AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS asks the Editor

for a list of Evergreens suit-

able for various places, and
as this is a subject of genera]
interest a short list is givenas
follows: Windbreaks: Nor-
way Spruce and the Pines;

Bedding: Retinispora, Blue

Spruce, Juniper, Mugho

Pine, Box, Arborvite (Chin-

ese variety also). Rhodo-

dendron, and Dwarf White Pine; Hedges: Spruce, Arbor-
vite, Retinispora, Box and Cedar; Screens: Spruce, Retinis-
pora, American Arborvite. In selecting Evergreens one
should bear in mind the fact that some species are espe-
cially short-lived. Among these are the following: White

Spruce, Balm of Gilead Fir, Juniper, Cypress, Scotch Pine,

and also the Austrian Pine.

HE same correspondent asks what Evergreens are

good for forest-lot planting. If one wishes to have a
grove of Evergreens, the following are good species for
the purpose: White Pine, Red Pine, Hemlock, and Nor-
way Spruce. In planting Evergreens, one must always con-
sider ultimate proportions, that is to say, the relationship
between the Evergreens and their surroundings in the years
to come, when they will have reached their maturity. It
often happens that a tree planted to-day looks very well
for two or three years, but quite outgrows the area alloted
to it and becomes sort of an intruder and seems out of
place by the time five or ten more years have passed those
of its earlier growth. Choose carefully, plant them well.
pdb=dbsdpsdpsdpsdp=db=4bsdp=dh=dp=4p=4p=4p-db<4p=4p=dp=4h=4b=4p= 4p =-4p= 4b =a = 0p <0) <a =a

THE PEONY

(Continued from page 326)
Frdlbsdpsdipsdibsdibs4p=dbsdibsdibsdlbsdibsdbsdbsdpsdbsdbsdb=dp=db=db=4p-dp=dp-4b-ab=4

Among the single and Japanese
varieties one may recommend the
following: Japan Single White, a
fine white variety with showy yel-
low stamens, and the Tenuifolia
variety, having large flowers of a
rich crimson, a very early Peony,
with exquisite, finely cut foliage.

It was Pliny who cited the Peony
in his old-time natural history as
being the earliest medicinal plant
known to the ancients. He even
tells us that the woodpecker is so
fond of it that if he catches anyone
in the act of plucking one of the
flowers he will fly at him and pluck
out his eyes! But we are hardly less
bound by superstition and strange
beliefs in our own day, for we are
told that even in this age the peas-
ants of Sussex place great faith in
the “‘healing’’ qualities of strings
of beads carved from Peony roots,
which beads they place around the
necks of their children to charm
away various forms of harmfulness.

bedibsq

HOU

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

me | f i

HELPS OTE
SEWIFE

5S aipDeSsou

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

September, 1912

BER Shcmvo occoba| 0) faooooiorrn bol

THE HOME-BUILDERS
By Elizabeth Atwood

zeman EN build the houses but women build the

homes. This may seem a big responsibility
to place upon woman, but I believe it to be a
fact, and whatever the atmosphere of the
home may be, is according to the love, the
skill, the interest and the understanding of
the woman elected by the man to preside there.

The architect builds the house, but it takes far more than
the four walls he has constructed to make a home. How
many times we have been in houses, beautiful as art and
skill could produce, which the wildest flight of fancy could
not call a home. I have been in a home where the only
place which held a personal feeling was the nursery. Skilled
artists had prepared the house, beautiful as a dream, but it
was, after all, a work of artists, lacking that crowning work
of the woman to convert it into a home.

A “home-builder” with great emphasis on the word home,
has the most comprehensive work in all the world given
her to do. It is for her to create the atmosphere of home;
to see that the machinery is not too much in evidence and
yet it must all run as smoothly as possible; she must be
housekeeper in its truest sense; she must be a guide for her
children; she must make her home ‘‘a rest and refuge from
the strenuous and stormy life outside.’’ The more success-
ful she is in each of these branches assigned to her, the
greater the success of the whole, and we have a real home,
one which will spread its influence after the builder has
passed on.

This responsibility should be recognized by the mother,
and her girls brought to realize that they, too, some dav
will be building homes. There is no greater vocation, and
its successful accomplishment depends upon the faithful
performance of the endless little duties, in themselves only
the every-day kind, but which make up the whole of life.

In this work of the ‘‘home-builder’ she must begin to
teach herself just what will make her strong and well-

equipped for her task—it is not all play, far from it. I.

think her first lesson should be patience. I believe this to
be one of the greatest virtues, and surely no virtue so re-
quires to be at hand, as does this one of patience. I do not
mean the cringing, helpless yielding of one’s individuality,
but the strong and healthful recognition of one’s failures
and disappointments. Have “patience,” one of the ideals
of the family, remembering all the time that you are the
keynote for the whole family.

If mother is impatient in the morning, Teddy and John
will respond, and that pebble thrown into the pond of daily
life will send its ripples of impatience through the day.
The father is not so strong for the daily grind if he leaves
home under a cloud, the children cannot go to school so

well fortified for their trials, so great to them, if they are
giad to get away from an atmosphere of impatience. As
for the ‘‘home-builder”’ herself, she is left to meet her day
without the powerful strength of self-satisfaction.

The ideal ‘‘home-builder,’’ one we would like to use for
our guide and example, would make meal-times always
happy and agreeable, hours of refreshment to the soul
as well as to the body. The father and mother who make
this their rule, to have agreeable and instructive conversa-
tion (not argument) at meal-times, have gone a long way on
the road toward a perfect home.

Under such an agreement mother’s task is the harder.
No matter what the day’s trials have been, no matter if the
maid is gone, or the steak not the right cut, mother must
bravely keep all out of sight, and cheerfully set the example
of patience. The beginning and the end of married life
should be some such developing aim in the heads of the
household, which transmitted through them to their children
lifts them up out of the common petty trials of life, and
gives these children something worth striving for, attain-
able and precious.

Cheerfulness is another ideal in the home, which our
ideal “home-builder” will cultivate, first in herself, then in
her children, until the home becomes one of almost per-
petual sunshine in spite of the trials which surely come to
all. An irritable parent, who has a sharp word for every
departure from her way, is sure to have cross children.
Just a little thought or care at the beginning will avert the
threatening storm; but when a child is once caught in the
full tide of ill-nature he cannot understand nor be reasoned
with.

Of course if the grown-ups are cheerful and able to con-
trol themselves the battle is half won. If mother can convert
the wave of anger over a lost collar button into a joke,
and then make father see the humor of the situation, she
surely becomes an ideal example to follow. It is mother
who controls the day. If she meets the children with
manner glum when they give her their morning kiss, there
will be a shadow follow all for the rest of that day.

‘“And all the windows of my heart I open to the day.”
This was Whittier’s song. If the mother’s heart-windows
are open, all feel the joy and love coming to them and re-
spond to their call. The wise and thoughtful ‘“home-
builder” will always make a supreme effort to start the
day well. A sense of humor straightens out many a kink,
and should be cultivated along with the art of taking a
cheerful view of things.

The ideal “Shome-builder” will not be a slave to her home
in any sense of the word Linguists tel] us that there is no
such word as worry in the language of the savage. We
all know the women who worry continually, and they can-
not, with the worry-habit, become agreeable companions.
After all, the successful ‘“home-builder” must be a good

September, 1912

comrade. If the care of her house becomes a fetish and
she gives herself up to worrying over this thing and that,
she becomes a slave to the house which she is expected to
control.

This kind of a housekeeper is not and never can be a
“home-builder.’’ She just becomes a part of her house as
the snail does to its shell. She may be the soul of kindness
to others (when her work allows her to be), but she is
merciless to herself. She
becomes so conscious of
dirt that her very soul has
become dusty. She makes % oe
a hard mistress if her hus-
band’s success allows her
to keep one maid or more,
for she has for her ideals,
dust and work.

Our ideal “‘home-build-
er’ does not worry over
her house, nor does she
worry over her children.
Having made her home
for her family first of all,
she is absorbed into their
conception of what a
home should be. She is so
much a part of that home,
that from the tiniest tot
up, nothing is complete
without mother, for

TWO RECIPES:

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

By Mary H. Northend

335

difficult ideal to live up to, just remember that this is the
real work of the ““home-builder.”’ The making of a home, a
real home for your boy or girl is quite as necessary as cook-
ing proper food for the sustenance of their bodies. What
greater thing can you work for? What greater goal can
you choose?

It is in the home that character is formed. If the early
conditions are not favorable, the little human plants given
us to develop and care for
will become stunted. A
joyous environment de-
velops powers and _ re-
scurces which would other-
wise remain dormant.
Your loving care, your un-
selfish devotion will be re-
produced for the world’s
tetterment. Your honesty
of purpose, your life in
your home will bring forth
greater results, results
more practical, than any
work outside may bring.

Such a home as our
ideal “home-builder”
makes, qualifies her daugh-
ters, trains them into that
thoughtful consideration
for others which will make
them useful, helpful com-

““mother understands.”
We, mothers, must never
lose sight for one moment
that we are creating mem-
ories. Now what kind of

Escalloped Oysters: Place a layer of rolled crackers in a dish,
and then a layer of oysters, and lay on small pieces of butter.
Dredge with salt and pepper, and moisten well with milk. Add an-
other layer of cracker and of oysters, and butter, and dredge and
moisten as before. Continue these alternate layers until the dish is
nearly full; then cover with a thin layer of cracker and pieces of butter.
Bake and serve with a garnish of toast triangles and parsley.

rades when their turn
comes. The home-training
of too many girls, instead
of fitting them for wives
and mothers, gives them

memories are they to be?

We would have them
contented, joyous mem-
ories. Happy the child
who can say: “Don’t we
have nice times at home ?”’
Happy the mother whose
boys are always home and
find there their happiest
moments. Better far than
to have the house too fine
for daily use. There is an
irrepressible longing for
rollicking fun in young
people, and if this longing
were more fully met in the
home it would not be so
dificult to keep the boy
and girl under our own
roof.

A happy, joyous home
is a powerful magnet.
The boy who can bring
his friends home with him
at all times never cares to
belong to a fraternity, for
his own home becomes a
club. The temptations of the boy do not come into the
well-ordered home, for mother’s influence is felt.

The ideal “home-builder” will have her home ever ready
for the friends of her boy and girl. She will be ready to
help entertain these friends, or equally ready to let them
alone. In short, she will treat them as she would her
honored guests. By this example she is laying the founda-
tion for the building of other homes. If this seems hard, a

nutmeg, pepper, and salt to taste.

Devilled Crabs: Mix a can of crabs with one half cup of
cream, one tablespoon of Worcestershire sauce, one tablespoon of
melted butter, one quarter cup of rolled cracker crumbs, one half wine-
glassful of sherry, yolks of one and one half hard boiled eggs, a little

Bake in shells, sprinkle plentifully
with cracker crumbs and place a small piece of butter on each. Ar-
range on platter, and garnish with lemon slices and parsley.

false ideas of life and in-
stills into their minds con-
ceptions of the world
totally at variance with the
realities of existence.

To be honest, to be sin-
cere, to be loving, these all
call for early training,
without which all other
gifts suffer. It is not neces-
sary to have an ‘‘at-home”’
day if one is willing to be
Pmiiene aus eed: salt ts nok
necessary to have a five-
course dinner previously
arranged for, in order to
entertain a guest, if you
are truly hospitable. <A
thoughtful consideration
for others can only be de-
veloped where the “home-
builder” leads the way,
for it is as natural for the
young to be careless as it
is for them to breathe. If
the mother is kind and
courteous, her daughter
will instinctively follow her lead, and then we are told that
the girl is ‘‘very much of a lady,” ‘‘why, it was just born in
her.” This is true to a certain extent, but her mother’s
training helped a bit, and her constant example helped
more.

So you see, at every turn, you find a grave responsibility
resting upon the “‘home-builder.” It is she, whose influence
enters into all phases of life, it is she who holds the power

336

for good. It is her power and her loving care that deter-

mines what her girls shall be, whether they shall become

page enilders or not, the best vocation DE all for women.

“Dome AND CIVIC IMPROVEMENTS
(Continued from page 307)

Bs dpsdbs dbs bsdbsdhsab=4b=db<bsdbeapsdbedbsdbsdpedb-dbcdbsdb-dbsdpeab-apsdbedb-db-dbsdbsdbzdbsdb-dbsdesdbsibzdesdbsshsdrsdesseastsdesitsdtsdhas

of the architect. In the first place it will probably be neces-
sary to construct huge towers to the tops of which the
airships will be tethered and from which they will drift
like weathervanes. It is not inconceivable that these towers
will dwarf the tallest of existing skyscrapers. How the
passengers are to alight from the floating vessel, how they
are to reach it from the street must be left to the imagi-
nation. Difficult as the problem seems of solution, it is
one that can be safely entrusted to the engineer. It will
be the architects’ business to design these towers so that
they will harmonize with the character of the city and so
that Ls will be uy SEUSS & as Ce as usc

ii MEADOW COURT i
Ve deuaad Me sake LD

and a rug in a hee same tones are pana: aes into
prominence the grace of form and the beauty of finish of
sideboard, china cabinets, table and chairs.

The upper floor of this spacious house is arranged with
seven family bedrooms, many of which are provided with
baths. One wing is planned for the young men of the fam-
ily, and the space over the billiard-room and the study is
divided into five bedrooms and a bath for their convenience.
The wing at the opposite end of the house is for the serv-
ants and contains unusually complete quarters for the maids
and men servants required for so extensive a country home.
wel ea

Safed pcasapdpzabsalsasdpcapspsdpsdbspsdbzdb-didbedbedecdbcdb-db-apcdbedpsdzdpsdezapsdbsdbcbibsdbsdeibsdbeqe-abdbsded

THE ART OF THE JAPANESE GARDENER
(Continued from page 317)

Ssapedpealbsdbsabsdbs ded bsdlpsabsabsabsabsdpsdlbsdpsabsabsdbsapsapsdpedb=dpsdbedpedbsdlpsdbsdpsdpsdpsdbsdpedb-@b<dbeah-dbsdpep-dp<dpedb=dpqpedp=d

a marsh, and a stream occupying in all not three yards
square. A miniature pipe from the house-gutter supplies
the water which enables the garden to grow successfully a
quantity of beautiful bog and marsh plants. I know an-
other garden where a velvety patch of grass gives the ettect
of water. The Japanese themselves sometimes make silver
sand serve for a water effect. We may do much not only
to improve, but to add richness and a naturalness to our gar-
dens by hints thrown out from a study of the methods and
art of the Japanese gardener, handed down neoeeD ages.

Pedlpedlpsdlpedlpsdlpsdbzalbe alps psdbsdbsdp=dp=dp=dbsdp=dp=dp=dp=dpsdpsdpsdbedbsdpedbeabedipsdiedpsdipedipsdipsdp<dp=qp=dib=db=4|

THE BREEDING AND CARE OF GOLD FISH
(Continued from page 329)

p=dlb=dlbsdlbsdlpsdlbsdb=dIbsdlbsdlbsdipsdlbsdbsdpsdibsdipedb=dbsdibedibedbedb=dbsdibsdpedp=qb=qp=dibsdpedpeq)b=dp=4 Brdbsdpsdbedbsdipedbsdpedp=dibed

pedpsdbsdpedbsdbsdbsdbsdbedh

$0) 34) 24)[24) 32)

Occasionally a little finely cut fresh beef may be given, but
must not remain uneaten in the water. The prepared fish
food will also be relished, but the oats should form the
main food supply.

“When should fish be taken into Winter quarters?” is a
question often asked. It will be best to allow the fish to
remain in the open ponds as late as possible, as the shorter
time they are housed the better. Inside conditions are sel-
dom altogether favorable to gold fish, as the gases from
coal and illuminating sources are debilitating and the pres-
ence of fresh paint, turpentine or varnish is unfavorable,
fish having been known to succumb to the odor when con-
fined in a close room with them, as well as to the odor of a

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

lamp left turned low during the night; so that clean, well
ventilated air is an important factor in their successful in-
door care.

Gold fish are not at all susceptible to cold. Two years
ago we kept sixty young fish in a minnow cage in a spring at
the lake all Winter, and they were found in fine shape in
the Spring, though the weather had been very severe. So
it is perfectly safe to leave them out until danger of the pool
freezing over.

They should be put out as early in the Spring as it is safe
to put the water into the pools—that is, when there is no
longer danger of its freezing over solidly—a light skim
of ice will do no harm. ‘The early Spring days are crucial
days for gold fish, and the greatest mortality of the year
occurs then, and extreme watchfulness, together with fre-
quent changes of the water, is necessary.

If the fish swim constantly near the surface of the water,
gasping for air, the water should be at once changed. If
white spots appear on the head or elsewhere, put the fish
at once into a salt bath, allowing it to stay from five minutes
to half an hour, according to the extent of the trouble and
the action of the fish. If the fish is rolling over in the water
or seems to have trouble in rising to the surface, immerse
him in a shallow dish of water or in a bow] with just enough
water to cover his dorsal fin; this bowl may be floated in the
aquarium for safety and the fish left in it until it appears all
right. I frequently leave a sick fish in over night and even
longer, changing occasionally into fresh water for a few
moments until, from its actions, it appears all right. How-
ever, if the water is kept clean and well supplied with aerat-
ing plants, there is small danger of sick fish.

Gold fish are of marketable size as soon as they have
reached an inch and a quarter in length; the dealers use
these tiny fish in their special sales where they give a tiny
globe, two fish and a bit of moss for a quarter of a dollar.
Breeding size fish put out in early May should produce
marketable fish by the first of September, and by November,
fish nearly three inches in length should be surely available.

Fed|pzdibsd]b=dp=4

bd zAIb= saps di dbsd)pzdps dP dpsd)pxdpzdPddbz4)b=dpsdPdpzdbz4psdbzdpdpzd)bzdpsqbsa)bxd)bzdpsdzqbsa)b=4

A BLACK RUG
(Continued from page 331)

P=dbedbsdlb=dlbsapsdlpsdlbsabsdbsabsdlpsdipsapsdbsdipsdb=dp=db=dbsdbsdp=dp=db=dbsdbedp=dp=dp<aipsdpedibsdp apsdbsdpedbedbsa)pedipaibd

bedbedpsdipsdibedibedp=dibsdibed

Bedlpsd)bsdibsdbsdibsdp=4)

wood which had been painted an apple-green. To relieve
the intense blackness, there was a border of green, slightly
darker in color than the woodwork, around the rug. ‘This
also helped to tie it to the rest of the room.

The rug looked better than one would imagine from the
description and is correct according to the theory of in-
terior decoration, but if it abide there is another story.

DYING FRUIT TREES

S many fruit trees are dying in some of the Middle

States it is interesting to know that investigations show
that the trouble is due to two distinct causes. Considerable
fire blight is found upon apples, pears and cherries in many
sections. This shows either as a blossom blight or as a
blighting of young shoots. It is caused by bacteria and is
spread largely by insects. Spraying is useless except as it
helps to control the insects. The only remedy is to remove
promptly all blighted parts and to burn them, using precau-
tions so as not to spread the disease by pruning tools. The
other trouble, Winter injury, was caused by the very severe
injury following the long growing Autumn of last year.
Where the roots were injured the entire top is weakened or
dead. In many cases the trunks or certain of the larger
limbs near the crotches are dead. It is impossible to save
the parts affected, and since the weather cannot be controlled
the best way to avoid further Winter injury will be to use
cover crops judiciously.

September, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix

THE AUTOMOBILE IN SOCIAL LIFE
By R. H. VAN COURT

HE value of the automobile as a social
force or factor is beyond all calcula-
tion and it may be doubted if its importance
is exceeded by the telephone or the tele-
graph. Writers upon sociology, who are
making careful and systematic investiga-
tion of the problems presented by our
modern overgrown cities, tell us that the
root of almost every difficulty which they
encounter, lies in the congestion and over-
crowding which prevail in our centers of
population. The remedy to this lies in get-
ting people out of the cities into the coun-
try, of securing for them their birthright to
pure air, green fields and the blue sky, and
an agency which has caused the entire re-
adjustment of views regarding country liv-
ing which the automobile has already
brought about. may surely claim to be an
important factor in the work for human
betterment.

The time has not yet come when an auto-
mobile is within the reach of everyone, but
each year sees the nearer approach of this
possibility and already the practical advan-
tages of motoring are within the reach of
just the class most in need of its help—the
hard working business man of moderate
means and his family, for besides making
possible his working in the city and living
with his family in the country, far re-
moved from the turmoil of city life, it
secures for them the fulness of the enjoy-
ment of real country living. Then, too,
there are the dwellers in small villages and
upon farms, many of whom lead lives ex-
ceedingly narrow and limited. If no method
of getting about is at hand the area in
which they exist is either limited to the
home or to perhaps a mile or two in any
direction, which means that the sphere in
which life must be lived is only a few
miles in diameter. If a bicycle or a horse
be available the social horizon is extended
to perhaps twelve miles in any direction,
but with an automobile the possibilities for
social enjoyment and recreation becomes
vastly greater for fifty or sixty miles is
not an excessive distance to be covered by
even the most moderate of motorists, and
this widens the social sphere to a radius of
one hundred and twenty miles. This
means, of course, that the intellectual and
social life of this vast district is opened up
and made possible to one, together with all
the opportunities for growth and culture
which they bring.

Much of the narrowness of life in a small
place comes of the inability to get away
from it and the consequent feeling of de-
pression and helplessness which it brings.
The motor which is now used so largely
even in the most rural communities has
changed all this by broadening the activities
of every day life and this, in turn, has
wonderfully invigorated and sharpened the
faculties for the daily work. The ease and
rapidity with which the automobile takes
one any reasonable distance opens up a
very wide circle of friends and acquaint-
ances with all the enlarged and quickened
social activity which it involves. It also
brings a much fuller knowledge of one’s
country and the locality of one’s home and
the historical places which may be com-
paratively near and yet remain unknown
under old conditions. The possession of
even a very simple car sometimes makes
possible a great number of little excursions
which may be shared by the entire family,
and it is astonishing how interest in local
literature and history will be aroused and
stimulated by the increased knowledge
which an automobile often brings mem-

Use it
for

Nothin
But

”

pose

and will dry over night.

nish Works.

Ill.; 301 Mission S¥.,

BILTMORE NURSERY

Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen Trees,
Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request.
Box 1294 Biltmore, N. C.

Wilson’s Outside Venetians

Blind and Awning combined, for windows, porches and
piazzas. Artistic, durable, unique.
Send for Venetian Catalogue No.5
Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co., 5 West 29th Street, New York

WIZARD BRAND

Sheep Manure

Dried and Pulverized, makes grass, shrubs,
trees and flowers grow quick and strong. Gives
wonderful results. Handiest kind of ferti- ~

lizer to use. Economical andclean—no weeds,

Tee

and best at all times for landscape
and field fertilizing.

$ 00 per large barrel freight

paid east of Omaha—

omme™ cash with order. Ask

for quantity prices and interesting
booklet.

The Pulverized Manure Co.
21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Wizard Brand is sold by first-class seedsmen

BLASTICA Floor Finish is not an “‘all pur-
varnish. It is strictly a floor varnish, and ~~

is designed for no other purpose than finishing floors. ~~ ‘

It is trade-marked like this: : N

STANDARD VARNISH WORKS aN

ill

\
FLOOR FINISH \

Look for this Trade-mark on a Yellow Label.

All others are imitations,

Elastica will make your floors beautiful, sanitary, marproof, and waterproof,
On floors old or new, of soft wood or hard, painted
or unpainted, stained or unstained, or used over linoleum or oilcloth, Elasticais |

THE ONE PERFECT FLOOR VARNISH | |
Remember the name E-L-A-S-T-I-C-A | j

and be sure you get the genuine.
Elastica, and that is made by the Standard Var- f

Send for Book 94

“How to Finish Floors” —Home Edition. Profusely illustrated,
rich in suggestions for making and keeping floors beautiful. Also
ask for a set of exquisitely colored postcards showing handsome
interiors, which will be sent with our compliments.

‘STANDARD JARNISH \W/ORKS*

29 Broadway, New York; 2620 Armour Ave., Chicago, Le

San Francisco, Cal.; or La
> Internationul Varnish Co., Ltd.,
>», Toronto, Canada.

There is only one /

Address

Mahogany Inlaid

Tip Table $5.00 Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer
Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39 WEST 8th ST., NEW YORK

ee
Antique fireside chair, largecomfortable wings
in tapestry, carved claw legs, $20.00.

30 inches

Hand-made

The Stephenson System
of Underground Refuse
Disposal

Keep your garbage and
waste out of sight, under ground or below
fioor in

Garbage and Refuse Receivers

Sanitary, odorless, fly-proof, a clean back yard,
a fireproof disposal of refuse in "
cellar, factory or garage.
Underground Earth Closet with port-
able steel house for contractors, farm
or camp.
Nine years on the market.
to look us up.
Sold direct. Send for circular.

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

It pays

% AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

Andorra-Grown Peonies

For SEPTEMBER Planting

We catalog a collection of choice varieties, with complete descriptions, in our
Calendar of Perennials

Parcaliview of Peony Exhibition at Andorra

The design and construction of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph set is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1605.

The location and erection of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph station is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1622.

In Scientific American Supplement 1623,
tbe installation and adjustment of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph station is fully explained.

to any address for 60 cents.

Order from your newsdealer or from

"THE most modern, and best illuminating and
: cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,
is furnished by the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory andin advance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons—drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner —also makes brilliant illumination.
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRB IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Low Price

Better than City Gas or Elee-
Liberal Terms

tricity and at Less Cost.

C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.
405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

How to Make a 100-mile Wireless Telegraph Outfit

In the following Scientific American Supplements, the well-known wireless
telegraph expert, Mr. A. Frederick Collins, describes clearly and simply, without
the aid of mathematics, the construction of a 100-mile wireless telegraph outfit.
Complete drawings accompany his descriptions.

These six articles constitute a splendid treatise on the construction, operation
and theory of wireless telegraph instruments.

Single number will be mailed for 10 cents.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York, N.Y.

SPECIAL OFFER

TO CLEAR A BLOCK

Four-year-old Plants, good standard sorts,
in varieties of our selection.

Per Dozen $4.00
Two Dozen 7.00
Fifty. . 13.00
Hundred 25.00
ANDORRA NURSERIES
Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor
BoxN Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.
Send For Fall Price List

The adjustment and tuning of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph outfit is discussed in Scientific
American Supplement 1624.

The theory and action of a 100-mile wireless
telegraph outfit is explained in Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement 1625.

The management and operation of ship and
shore stations is clearly set forth in Scientific
American Supplement 1628.

The complete set will be mailed

SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a

series of plain and simple answers to
questions all about the various orders as

well as the general principles of construction.
The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy
cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav-
ings, amongst which are illustrations of various
historic buildings. ‘The book is 12mo in size,
and is attractively bound in cloth.

PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID

Muwn & Co., INc., 361 Broadway, New York

bers of a family living on a farm fifty miles
from New York have never had, until very
lately, more than a slight interest in the
fascinating country which stretches out
about them upon every side. The acquisi-
tion of an automobile induced exploration
into the depths of the Hudson River coun-
try immortalized by Washington Irving
and led them through the Sleepy Hollow
region and among the Catskills where Rip
Van Winkle is said to have lived. A re-
newed interest in local history took them
over the historic roads traveled by the
weary Continentals during the days of the
Revolution and to the old Colonial homes
where Washington at various times main-
tained his headquarters or where certain
of the American generals were once en-
camped. Longer trips toward Albany
made plain much of the history of the
early Dutch settlers and other journeys
toward Boston and Philadelphia, regions
rich in historic associations, brought about
an entirely new understanding of the
nation’s history and literature.

Another family, having explored in vari-
ous tours in their automobile the greater
part of the eastern states of our own
country, took their motor with them upon
a trip into England and motored through
some of the most beautiful of the English
shores in the same car which so often
carried them over the roads about Phila-
delphia or over the highways of West-
chester County, N. Y. The expense and
difficulty of the transportation of the car
was much less than had been expected, and
its use over the roads of a foreign land
made very pleasant the visiting of many
places interestingly connected with Amer-
ican history.

The place of the automobile in plans for
a vacation is a very important part of its
usefulness for it makes possible long camp-
ing tours with jaunts into wild and remote
country districts, with nights spent either in
the most primitive of tents or sleeping upon
the ground under the stars. So many are
the uses for the motor in country living
and so important is the place which it has
come to fill that it really adds more to the
pleasure of life in the country than any
other one thing.

But besides the social advantages which
the motor brings to dwellers in the coun-
try, and in small places it has a decided
social value in or nearer the city. By its use
the engagements of the women of the
family are made much easier of fulfilment
and calls are made which perhaps would
be much more difficult if one were obliged
to depend upon a street car or some other
means of transportation. Then there is a
saving which is rarely considered in reck-
oning up the pros and cons of keeping an
automobile and where the considerations
are usually those of a financial nature. In
even the most economical households there
are times when one is obliged to make use
of a cab and when the cost during a year
of such occasional service is added up it
will be found to reach a sum which will
make a very imposing addition to the argu-
ments in favor of keeping a motor by
which such expense will be avoided.

The ownership of a car does not neces-
sarily involve the keeping of a chauffeur.
Even in large cities many automobiles are
run by the women who own them, and it
may be said that anyone who can operate a
sewing machine can run a small motor
about the city’s streets with entire safety
to the car, to herself and to the public.
In New York there are many professional
women physicians chiefly who motor about
by night as well as by day.

September, 1912

MOVABLE FARM INSTITUTES IN
NORWAY

HERE is a widespread movement in

Norway to promote the interest in agri-
culture and farm husbandry by state
experimental stations, agricultural schools
and farm institutes, writes B. M. Rasmusen,
U. S. Consul at Bergen, Norway. The en-
tire area of cultivated land in this consular
district is a trifle less than 4 per cent of the
whole, but it might easily be quadrupled.
For encouraging ‘agriculture and farm hus-
bandry, the ‘Council of Nordre Bergenhus
Amt (County) has made arrangements for
conducting agricultural institutes at three
different places in that county during the
Winter months. The institute will be under
the supervision of the government agricul-
turalist in order that those participating
may have scientific instruction. The plan
is as follows: (1) An institute for one
month at each place at the most convenient
time. (2) The course of study for each
district will be selected by the Agricultural
Society of said district. (3) Each district
shall provide suitable quarters for the hold-
ing of such institute, as well as light, fuel,
and janitor service. (4) The Agricultural
Society shall prepare the courses of study
and make the necessary arrangements for
putting them into effect. (5) Appropria-
tions made by the county council for this
purpose are as follows: Government agri-
culturist, $121; assistants, $67; secretary,
$13; materials, $40.

MEXICAN CACTUS FOR EXPORT

ONSUL Wilbert L. Bonney, of San

Luis Potosi, Mexico, states that there
is some demand for cactus seeds and plants
from European cities for ornamental pur-
poses, and also for medicinal purposes.
Shipments from San Luis Potosi to conti-
nental Europe have arrived in good con-
dition, and it is said that some of the plants
that can be had for a few cents in Mexico
bring fancy prices in the cities of northern
Europe. Consul Bonney has forwarded a
list of the cactuses that are obtainable in
San Luis Potosi; it may be obtained upon
application to the Bureau of Manufacturers.

AN AMERICAN COMMERCIAL
CONGRESS

HE Secretary of State has sent a cir-

cular letter of instructions to diplomatic
and consular officers in Latin America ad-
vising them of the interest of the Depart-
ment of State in the work of the Southern
Commercial Congress, which maintains
headquarters at Washington, and inviting
attention to the next convention of this
organization which is to be held in Mobile,
Ala., in the Fall of 1913.

Delegations from the Latin-American Re-
publics are expected to attend this conven-
tion, and it is also planned to establish ex-
hibits of the products, especially exports,
of these countries, together with maps,
charts, and literature, in the headquarters
of the Congress. The Department of State
cordially indorses these plans and directs
diplomatic officers of the United States to
ask the co-operation of the countries to
which they are accredited in bringing the
republics of the Western Hemisphere into
closer trade relations through participation
in the Fifth Annual Convention of the
Southern Commercial Congress. Consular
officers are directed in the Secretary’s letter
to bear in mind the interest of the Depart-
ment of State and to supply inquirers with
such information as may be available for
the purposes of the Congress.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

betel hnedled J cnpbcherep adhered nel entied nd rocantie qrameiad erseedndbaren

WH TT: TERA TAD MO) ATOR TT TRF ——-

2 TA © GR 2 GEA O CRA O MR A HES 8 I M GS O HS 8 SSS 2 Ot SSS Be SE S68 SS 2
re a pla auiaen Vale aataad Pics can Sa _ ey - <=

PLUMBING

| Coen tlasdl” i FIXTURES

jmémom|EFORE the advent of “Standard” Fixtures a sani-
s ‘ Lae bathroom was a luxury of the rich. Today
leven the simplest homes enjoy and profit by their
]refining influence. The moral effect of “Standard”
Fixtures hasbeen as great as their beauty, durability and excellence.

* The beauty, practical utility and quality of “Standard” Fixtures,
have nerimed the bathroom standards of the entire world.

Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home
and for School, Office Buildings, Public
Institutions, etc., are identified by the
Green and Gold Label, with the exception
of one brand of bath bearing the Red and
Black Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re- and make sure that you get them.

Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, PA.

New York . 35 West 31st Street Nashville . 315 Tenth Avenue, So. Hamilton, Can. . 20-28 Jackson St.,W.
Chicago . 900S. Michigan Ave. NewOrleans,Baronne&St.JosephSts. London . . . 57-60 Holborn Viaduct
Philadelphia . 1128 Walnut Street ioti Houston, Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts.
Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St., E. eavireg Can: Pan eres ane San Francisco . Metropolis Bank Bldg.
Pittsburgh 106 Federal Street es on biel £- Washington, D.C. . . Southern Bldg.
; St.Louis . 100.N. Fourth Street Louisville . 319-23 W. MainStreet Toledo, Ohio . . 311-321 Erie Street
Cincinnati 633 Walnut Street Cleveland . 648 Huron Road,S.E. Fort Worth, Tex. . Front and Jones Sts

quirements of those who demand “Standard”
quality at less expense. All “Standard”
fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
And no fixture is genuine uzless it bears
the guarantee label. In order to avoid
substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
“Standard” goods in writing (not verbally)

B O63 0C OT OF nee

Lane’s Trolley

Parlor Door Hangers and Track

Fitted with superior quality ball bearings of the
Annular type.

The only Trolley Track adjustable laterally
after the equipment has been installed.

If the building settles slightly or when door
dries out in winter or swells in summer, by this
patented feature any binding or scraping of beauti-
ful woodwork may be entirely prevented.

Send for Complete Catalog
Lane Trolley Hanger No. 109

LANE BROTHERS COMPANY

Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

GUARANTEED

oa |

bose? 5 Cane 4 dh.
NLD Mem ca) Uh cd WW

an ta

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

DEAL, because it is better for the trees and better for
you. Better for the trees, because it gives the roots a
chance to get well established, resulting in a more
vigorous foliage next spring. It fortifies the trees to

attle against the dry summers we have nowadays.
Better for you, because the ground, being firm, will not
be torn up so.

Workmen are easy to get in the fall—In
short, it overcomes the spring rush, and consequent dis
appointing results. e do the bulk of our Nursery
planting and shifting in the fall and winter months.

you need choice trees, in any sizes, from 6 inches up to
30 feet; trees with carefully pruned roots, and sturdy

constitutions, then you want

Hicks’ trees. There is no

better stock to be bought at any price. Many tell us, there

is none so good. Come an
makethem from our catalogs.

make your selections or
Your order will have

the prompt and careful attention you appreciate.

eae Hicks & Son

Westbury, Long Island

Two layers of glass instead of one

Between the two layers of glass is a % inch transparent
blanket of dry, still air—that takes the place of mats or
boards—that permits the plants to get all the light all the
time.

Have fresh vegetables and flowers when they are luxuries

Last season amateurs were phenomenally successful with
fresh lettuce, radishes and violets all winter; cabbage, cauli-
flower, beets, tomato, pepper and sweet potato plants ready
to set out assoon as it was warm Outside.

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO.

Greater pleasure and profit

in winter gardening

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you eliminate
all the drudgery of getting out in the wet, cold
or snow to cover or uncover beds.

Get these two books:

One is our valuable free catalog. The
other is by Prof. Massey, an authority
on hot-bed and cold-frame gardening.
In it he tells in an interesting and in-
structive manner how to make and care
for the beds, what and when to plant.

Tear out this ad. Send it with 4c in
stamps, and we will send you the two
books, Do it now.

943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

Two Magnificent Books on Home Building

Modern Dwellings—9x12 in. 200 Illus.
($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans . $1.50
American Homes—150 Illustrations
($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans
These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in

Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c.
For those who are Planning to Build

GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn.

If you would
Build
Beautifully

Get
These Books First
One good new idea,
while you are planning
your home, is worth the
price of many books.

Circular FREE

BOTH
BOOKS

$2.00

. $1.00

Do You Know Farr’s Peonies

Most Peony enthusiasts, in their search for rare and new
varieties. so hard to obtain, have found them in_the splendid
selection of Peonies grown here at Wyomissing. They have also
possessed themselves of my book, ‘‘Farr’s Hardy Plant
Specialties," which aside from describing accurately the hundreds
of varieties which go to make up perhaps the most complete
collection of Peonies in existence, tells you how I have been able
to learn about these beautiful plants during the many June's I
have lived among them.

If the soft iridescent beauty of the Irises makes you a dreamer
of “‘far away things,”’ that of the Peonies, rich with the warmth
of their glowing colors, intoxicating in the delightful fragrance of
their great big flowers, fills you with the joy of life and the
glory of June. Fortunately for me the Irises and Peonies do not
come together, sol can revel in both to my heart's content.

Perhaps you are one of the many thousands who do not yet
know the beauty of the modern Peony or who know not the lure
of the Iris: if so, you have missed much and should send at once
for my book—it’s free,

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries

Bg 643E Penn Street, Reading, Pa.

Les

Want a really fine lawn

Start it Now with K A L A K A

i Sa your wat Ee aaa
t wi e green an eautifu.
next spring at the time when FERTILIZED GRASS SEED
otherwise you would just be seeding it, For fall seeding, it’s important
to sow Kalaka—not ordinary seed. Kalaka grows quickest an
surest, and gets well rooted before cold weather comes. It's
easier to sow and goes further, too. No waste to Kalaka. It’s
the choicest of carefully cleaned prime seed—mixed with a
strong concentrate of rich manure—draws moisture, quickens
germination and nourishes the sprouting grass into a thick, sturdy
turf in a brief time. Now is the time to tone up the thinlawn and
brighten up bare spots with Kalaka. $1.00 for 5-lb. box, $1.25
West of Omaha. one pare 5 eer
ow to Make a Lawn” wi
Free Booklet be given you by any Kalaka
dealer. Ask your dealer forit, If he doesn’t
handle Kalaka, write us his name, and we’ll
send you the book.

The Kalaka Co., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

How One Man Became Independent
Mr. Goltz, Big Rapids, Mich., gets a good salary as foreman ofa
planning mill. But like you and I, finds that even a ‘‘ good”’
salary willnot enable him to get ahead very fast. Last year he
planted an acre of gooseberries and four acres of Himalaya berries.
This year he has a little fruit; next year he should make a profit of
$500—without leaving his town home or regular work.
# You Can Do It—Ask Me How. This is the idea that I
want 1000 men totake upin 1912-13. Itwill be the first step to in-
dependence, will mean happier days
and longer lives, Will you be one
of them? Ask formy Berry Book—
free. 32 pages of sound ideas, all
gathered in my thirty years of berry
growing asa hobby and a business.
A. Mitting
Berrydale Experiment Gardens
American Ave.,
Holland, Mich.
Himalaya Berry
is fruitingin Mich-@

A VILLAGE FLOWER FAIR
By HENRY W. FOSTER

IVALRIES among home garden mak-

ers may sometimes be made to serve
the general good of an entire community.
In a certain large village there are garden-
ers, who, during the past few years, have
developed garden spots of surprising beauty
and extent. One is particularly proud of
her Hollyhocks, and the large collection
which forms her garden’s chief glory con-
tains almost every variety, single or double,
known to horticulturists, besides several
kinds which defy classification. In another
garden is an especially beautiful array of
Phlox and Canterbury Bells, where their
tall groups of brilliant coloring challenge
the emulation of the entire village. Asters
are the pride of still another amateur gard-
ener and elsewhere other flowers have been
brought to such perfection that there seems
little still to be achieved. Each of these
specialties, however, had competitors so
that no one could claim undisputed title to
the pre-eminence which each garden maker
felt was particularly hers.

Village enthusiasm and the competition
of individual gardeners had resulted in
much beautifying of certain portions of the
community but no effort had been made for
the improvement of the village as a whole.
The opportunity existed and enthusiastic
workers were at hand when someone sug-
gested a “Flower Fair” at which the claims
of rival horticulturists should be care-
fullv weighed and decided and which, at
the same time, might produce the nucleus
of a society or league for village improve-
ment. That ample time might be given
for all possible work and development upon
the part of individual exhibitors the date.
of holding the “Fair” was placed in
August. Preparations were begun in June
and a decision was then made by those who
were in charge of the different classes of
flowers to be entered and the value of the
prizes or ribbons which should be given.
Besides this giving of prizes for special
classes of flowers several prizes were
offered for the most beautiful amateur
gardens and for the new gardens which
should show most successful results at the
time of the “Flower Fair” in August.

The days for holding the “Fair” found
preparations fully made, for during sev-
eral months the gardeners of the village had
put forth unusual efforts in the cultivation
of their flowers, particularly of such as
were to be entered in competition for
prizes. The exhibition was held in the
town hall the free use of which had been
donated by the Village Fathers, and the
village band donated its services for the
two afternoons and evenings during which
the “Flower Fair” was in progress. The
town during August was usually filled with
visitors from the city and a large number
of patrons paid the admission fee into the
exhibition. In one corner of the hall a
refreshment department was managed by
one group of women and in another cor-
ner a candy counter swelled the receipts
of the “Flower Fair” to a surprising figure.

The prizes given the successful exhibit-
ors as well as everything used in the “Fair”
had been donated by individuals or busi-
ness firms interested in the work which the
exhibition was to accomplish, and the re-
turns when counted, greatly exceeded the
expectations of even the most enthusiastic
workers ; so large was the sum realized that
an improvement which had long been de-
sired suddenly became a possibility. In the
most conspicuous part of the village, at a
point where two streets meet, is a small
triangular piece of ground which had long

September, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii

been covered with rubbish and débris. All
proposals for its purchase had resulted in
nothing on account of the prohibitive price
which its owners placed upon it. The un-
expected success of the “Flower Fair”
made possible the securing of the triangle
and its being made into a tiny park, suit-
ably planted and beautified with a small
fountain in the center of a lily pool. But
perhaps the most important result of the
“Fair” was its leading to the formation of
a society or crusade for the improvement
of the Village. With such work definitely
in the hands of some of the most enthusi-
astic and public spirited of the villagers the
aspect of the entire place has become
changed. Trees have been planted and are
being cared for during their period of
growth; the most objectionable of the busi-
ness sections of the village have been
wholly removed and the buildings which
remained have been greatly improved.
Co-operation with the railroad officials re-
suleed in the beautifying of the grounds
about the station which is highly important
for many people who know little of a
village judge entirely by what is seen from
a car window.

This may suggest the forming elsewhere | HE YALE DOOR CHECK is a mechanical doorman

of some similar plan for the encourage- :

3 S Se
eee cialcinie which: means ‘50 that never gets tired and never forgets It closes a door
much for the average village or small with a firm swing that ends in a slow, quiet push. And it

F ie . . - . .
pene eco oe cicicd to) tt cannot fail. There is no other door check made which gives the
may be made to produce some helpful and : ; j
durable means of adding to the beauty and | | same unvarying quality of service through years of constant use,
eee iene commmenity. mos! without repair and even without adjustment.
everywhere there exists opportunity for ee ;
some stich form of village adornment and | § Yale Door Checks are made in sizes and designs for every need,
“TSCERL 3 OSL Fas a aay mace ot ae and in finishes harmonizing with all Yale door fittings and builders’
complishing such an achievement which | [
also lends encouragement to individual hardware. You can get them at any good hardware store.
garden makers and affords social enjoy- : F
ee ach waliie:-. Théte is no Aengiis Yale Night-latches Yale Hardware Yale Padlocks
the value of concerted and united effort The Yale Night-latch No. 44 is There areahost ofnewdesigns, There is only one way to open

7” Are lilee aril : EE a dead-locking night-latch and as handsome and tasteful asthe a Yale Padlock—with its own
ee IP LOVE MctILeS a night-latching dead-lock, com- older ones, which may be seen key. The name Yale means as
the thing aimed at. The value of in- bining a high degree of conve- in the salesrooms of leading much on a padlock as it does on
dividual effort is multiplied many times nience with absolute security. hardware dealers. the most elaborate bank lock.

when the individuals are banded together
in some form of organized work. The
villages which are the slowest to respond to
such united action are usually those where

If you haven’t seen our booklet, “The Quiet Life,” let us send you a copy

The Yale & Towne Mig. Co.

the most need for such work exists and are Makers of YALE Products
almost always the places where the great- (Cuicaco: 74 East Randolph $ T 7
1) : oN 30: ‘ ph ot.
est enthusiasm prevails and the most Focal Offices \ Sax Francisco: 134 Rialto Bldg. 2) Nilay insets, INow/ 1 ora
marked improvement noticed as soon as| § Canadian Yale & Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

such a plan for systematic village better-
ment has been organized.

NUMBERING FARM HOUSES
HE Kenosha Automobile Club of Wis- ~
consin is working on a plan of dis- M ] d B
tricting counties which will greatly facilitate onop anes an iplanes
travel and make it as easy to find a farm| || Their Design, Construction and Operation

house as it is to find a city residence. The
plan is a new one in Wisconsin, and is at- ee y .
tracting State-wide interest. The Kenosha dike AAD TEHON CS ACESS WSO gi WAAR Gy Oe Ee
Club plans to block all highways in the escription and Comparison of the Notable Types
county, then name each and number the By Grover Cleveland Loening, B.Sc., A.M., C.E.
farms. The main features of the plan are
outlined as follows:

1. The roads of the county are first
carefully studied by experts, and then
aligned, or arranged, into the fewest and
longest lengths suitable for naming and
blocking.

2. To each road, as aligned, is given a
short euphonic name.

3. The roads are then blocked, which
consists of carefully measuring them along
the surface, giving traveled distances, and
divided into miles, which are then sub-
divided into tenths of a mile, or imaginary
blocks of 528 feet of road frontage. The

blocks are then numbered, commencing at Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers

the end of the road nearest the county seat,
and the block numbers are taken as the 361 Broadway, New York

basis for numbering farmhouses.

N the many books that have already been written on aviation, this fasci-
nating subject has been handled largely, either in a very “ popular’’ and
more or less incomplete manner, or in an atmosphere of mathematical

theory that puzzles beginners, and is often of little value to aviators themselves.

here is, consequently, a wide demand for a practical book on the subject~-
a book treating of the theory only on its direct relation to actual aeroplane
design and completely setting forth and discussing the prevailing practices in the
construction and operation of these machines. ‘“‘ Monoplanes and Biplanes””
is a new and authoritative work that deals with the subject in precisely this
manner, and is invaluable to anyone interested in aviation.
It covers the entire subject of the aeroplane, its design, and the theory on which
its design is based, and contains a detailed description and discussion of thirty-
eight of the more highly successful types.

12mo., (6x8% inches) 340 pages, 278 illustrations. Attractively bound in cloth.

Price $2.50 net, postpaid

An illustrated descriptive circular will be sent free on application.

xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

September, 1912

i jj

j NEW BOOKS,

Tue RusstAn YEAR-Book For 1912. Com-
piled and edited by Howard P. Kennard,
M.D., and Netta Peacock. New York:
The Macmillan Company. 1912. Cloth.
8vo. 428 pages. Price, $5 net.

tg Caught in the Air

Photographs like this are interest-

The superior qualily of Bausch & Lomb lenses,
microscopes, field glasses, projection apparatus,
engineering and other scientific rnstruments ts the
product of nearly 60 years’ ex perience.

ing souvenirs of Summer pleasures. bina
; : With the growth of public interest in the
But to Bae satisfactory pictuiea yor affairs of alt nations, ie value of national
must have a speedy lens that has been | handbooks such as Dr. Kennard’s “Russian
corrected with optical precision and | Year-Book” is quickly apparent. The pres-
skill. You are sure to get the 7zosi | ent volume is the second annual issue and
fatthtul results with a the chapters on Rights of Foreigners, Edu-
cation, Agriculture, Municipal Progress and
and ° Labor, and General Information for Travy-
eS elers are among the many that are wel-
allisCc om e1lss comed by one seeking general information
on Russian topics. In addition to a num-
‘JESSAR [ENS ber of original articles, the sources from
which the “Russian Year-Book” is com-
piled include Official Reports of the Min-
The truly wonderful power of this lens to | isters of Finance and Commerce, the Re-
gather and transmit light willsurprise you. The | ports of the Central and Statistical Com-
Tessar has great speed, clear definition, perfect | mittees, Consular Reports, and notes in
illumination. For portraits, landscapes or the | various periodicals.

swiftest things in motion—for use in weak light :
or on grey days—the Tessar has no equal. ARCHITECTURE. By W. R. Lethaby. New
York: Henry Holt & Co, 1925 @lothe
When buying a lens use judgment. You 16mo. 251 pages. Price, 50 cents net.

will find valuable information in our new ; :
Catalog 34H. Write to-day for it. And Mr. Lethaby’s handbook on Architecture
remember that what your dealer can tell is an excellent introduction to the history
you may be of interest. and theory of the art of building, which can
be read with profit not only by every home-
‘ builder but by the student of history, of

NEW YORK WASHINGTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCQ

LONDON ROCHESTER.NWY. FRANKFORT
SCIENTIFIC AND

TECHNICAL BOOKS

q WE HAVE JUST ISSUED A NEW CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
books, which contains the titles and descriptions of 3500 of the latest and best books covering
the various branches of the useful arts and industries.

SEND US YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS, AND A COPY OF THIS CATALOGUE

will be mailed to you, free of charge.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE 361 Broadway, New York City

Tue Lire or Grorcio Vasari. A Study of
the Later Renaissance in Italy. By Rob-
ert W. Carden, A.R.I.B.A. New York:
Henry Holt & Co. 1911. 8vo. 367 pp.
Price, $4.

Imbued with the decadent ideas of his
century, Vasari, in spite of his contem-
porary fame, can scarcely be said to be
more than a copyist of his master, Michel-
angelo. Fortunately for posterity, he used
his pen to better advantage than his brush,
and has left us three volumes of invaluable
history, appreciation, and comment con-
cerning Italian art. Where the works of
others were concerned, his eye was mar-
velously unenvious and_ discriminating.
This clairvoyance, aided by his opportuni-
ties for commingling with personages royal
by blood and royal by genius, has given us
writings of the most enchaining interest.
These alone would be excuse enough for
an extended biography of their author, but
Mr. Carden makes another ingenious point
when he argues that Vasari’s history of the
arts through infancy and youth to manhood
leaves them there in the fullness of their
mature glory, unconscious of the fact that

JUST PUBLISHED

THIRD EDITION OF

KIDDER’S
Churches » Chapels

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

Write for descriptive printed matter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

By F. E. KIDDER, Architect

The Best American Book on
Church Design and Construction

One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00

Munn & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, N.Y. City

the shadow of senility had already fallen
upon them. This period of decay, the
writer further urges, coincides with the
sixty-three years of Vasari’s own life;
hence in Vasari himself. we have a human
document surcharged with the unsuspected
pathos of art’s hectic Autumn—a period
no less significant in its way than the Spring
and Summer of its promise and fruition.
This significance is admirably conveyed by
the biographer, and is accentuated by many
rich plates reproducing the canvases of
Titian, Bronzino, and Vasari himself.
These exhibit to excellent advantage both
the strength and weakness of Vasari’s hand.
The text is of a free, flowing style, does
thorough justice to its subject, and forms
a distinct contribution to the accessible lit-
erature of Italian art.

September, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

AERIAL NavicaTIon. By Albert Francis
Zahm, A. M., M. E., Ph.D. 485 pp.;
illustrated. New York: D. Appleton &
Co. 19k,

It would not be too much to say that Dr.
Zahm has given us the best popular book on
the airship and the aeroplane. No less
could be expected of a man who is prob-
ably the foremost authority on aero-dyna-
mics in this country. A work such as this
is to be particularly welcomed at a time
when the market is flooded with popular
books on aerial navigation, written for the
most part by men who know little of the
subject, except what they have read in pop-
ular magazines and newspapers, and who
are trying to turn an honest penny by writ-
ing books which are supposed to meet the
popular demand for information. Our only
regret is that Dr. Zahm’s book should not
have appeared earlier. Dr. Zahm has
treated his subject historically, but has care-
fully excluded, as he tells us in his preface,
those experiments which, however pictur-
esque or clever, constituted no advance in
the art or led to no useful result. The re-
sult is a very compact presentation of what
is really historically valuable. The book is
divided into four parts; the first deals with
the growth of aerostation, the second with
the growth of aviation, the third with aero-
nautical meteorology, and the fourth is com-
posed of appendices. Though frankly in-
tended for popular reading, Dr. Zahm’s book
gives every evidence of scholarly research.
Here will be found clearly laid down the
actual contributions made in the develop-
ment of the dirigible by Haenlein, Woel-
fert, Santos-Dumont, Col. Renard, the Le-
baudys and Zeppelin, and the part played
by Henson, Ader, Stringfellow, Chanute,
Langley, Lilienthal, Herrgin, Wright, Mont-
gomery, Santos-Dumont, Farman, Curtiss,
Blériot and the rest in the development of
the aeroplane. Unlike most of the popular
books of the day, Dr. Zahm’s contribution
is strictly up to date, for it brings the de-
velopment of the aeroplane and the airship
down to the end of 1910.

THE Seconp Boys’ Book or Mopet AERO-

PLANES. By Francis A. Collins. New
York: The Century Company, 1911.
8vo.; 262 pp. Illustrated. Price, $1.20
net.

The length of flight of the model aero-
plane is now ten times that of the earlier
models, and much of this improvement is
directly traceable to boy students and work-
ers. In this delightful volume are pictured
more than fifty different types, resembling
all sorts of animate and inanimate objects
from a mosquito to a rat-trap. Some of them
show great ingenuity, and are capable of re-
markable things. As to motive power, a
flight of half a mile is possible by means of
twisted strands of rubber, while with the
miniature gasoline motor distances of a mile
have been traversed in single flights.
Instructions for making and flying the
models accompany the plates; there are
practical rules for conducting races and
tests, and the draft of a constitution and
by-laws for a model aeroplane club. A
catechism on aeronautical problems and
practice is given, with a glossary of aero-
nautical terms. It is a book to warm the
heart of the boy mechanically inclined.

A Lute or Jape: SELECTIONS FROM THE
CiassicaL Ports of CHINA. Translated
by L. Cranmer-Byng. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co., 1911. Cloth; 16mo.; 116
pages. Price, 60 cents net.

A certain writer has said that to be a
great lover is to be a great mystic, since in

rone-iire WHITE ENAMEL
F you want the white enamel finish de luxe, tell your painter
| and architect to use Vitralite, Te Long-Life White Enamel.
This beautiful, porcelain-like white finish is durable and
water-proof. May be used inside or outside, on wood, metal
or plaster, whether old or new, and may be washed indefinitely.

Vitralite is pure white and stays white —
will not turn yellow, nor crack. It is eco-
nomical because it covers so much surface; is
so easy to apply, and will not show brush
marks. Write for the two

Free Booklets on Vitralite and
Decorative Interior Finishing
also sample panel finished with Vitralite. They
will interest you. Vitralite can be tinted to
any shade desired and may be rubbed to a dull
finish when the rich natural gloss is not
preferred.

On your floors and linoleum, old or new,
use ‘61’? Floor Varnish. It is heel-proof,
mar-proof and water-proof. Will not turn
white, show scratches nor heel marks.
this. Send for

Free Floor Booklet and Sample Panel
finished with ‘‘61.? Test it yourself. Hit
it with a hammer. You may dent the wood
but the varnish won’t crack. Pratt & Lam-
bert Varnish Products are used by painters,
specified by architects and sold by paint and
hardware dealers everywhere.

Prove

Address all inquiries to Pratt & Lambert-Inc., 119 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

. \

Tours :-:

fearese Burnss Conese’ ESTABLISHED OG YEARS CSucon “Panis

Briaceeyre CANACa HamBurRG

The Scientific American

Handbook of Travel

With Hints for the Ocean Voyage for European
A Practical Guide to London and Paris

By ALBERT A. HOPKINS

Editor of Scientific American Reference Book. 500 Pages. 1
trations. Flexible cover, $2.00, net. Full leather, $2.50, net, postpaid.

At last the ideal guide, the result of twenty years of study and

travel, is completed.
road company in Europe. To those who are not planning a trip it is
equally informing. Send for illustrated circular containing 100 questions
out of 2,500 this book will answer. Itis mailed free and will give some kind of idea of the contents of
this unique book, which should be in the hands of all readers of the, 4merican Homes and Gardens,
as it tells you exactly what you have wanted to know about a trip abroad and the ocean voyage.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York |

n Canada, 63 Courtwright Street, Bridgeburg, Ontario.

“PPFLOORVARN

PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHE

Forcicn Factories

NOW READY =

500 Illus-

It is endorsed by every steamship and rail-

Xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

is : hy Ne) eee a 4
Fabrics

for draperies and coverings
Think of the relief it would be to banish all fear of

the damaging effects of sunlight on your draperies,
wall-coverings and upholstery materials, regardless
of climate, length of exposure or repeated washings.
Think of the benefit to be gained by flooding

your home with cheery, health-giving sunshine.
With Orinoka Sunfast Fabrics you can give fullest

scope to your decorative ideas, employing rare and
delicate shades to achieve beautiful color-harmonies
—for the Orinoka line includes light and dainty
colorings as well as the darker tones, and none
will ever streak or become lifeless.

Every bolt is tagged with the guarantee ticket shown
below—the pledge of the largest manufacturer of
drapery fabrics in the country. In-
sist on seeingit,sothat you may
be protected by our guarantee.

LP».

Shown by leading stores
everywhere. Ask your

dealer for our book,
“Draping the Home.”

THE ORINOKA

MILLS
Philadelphia
This
New York / guarantee
Chicago g tag on
San Francisco every bolt.

MODEL EE TOURING CAR

5-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase
$900 f.o.b. Detroit

R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE

Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-
venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's
upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models.

THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.

PROTECT Yes,

Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A,
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

uv
G
u
K
im

Benches Entrances

5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.

Benches, Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts,

Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet :
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

the highest conception of mortal beauty that
the mind can form there lies always the
unattainable, the unpossessed, suggesting
the world of beauty and finality beyond
mortal reach. It is in this power of sug-
gestion that the Chinese poets excel. At
least as far back as the year 1700 B.C. the
Chinese people sang their songs of kings
and feudal princes good or bad, of hus-
bandry, or now and then songs with the
more powerful note of simple joys and sor-
rows. The T’ang dynasty—A.D. 618 to
906—witnessed China’s most _ glorious
period of poetic expression, and readers will
find the little anthology presented between
the covers of “A Lute of Jade” delightfully
refreshing to read, and the most excellent
introduction to the study of Chinese poetry
of which we know.

Forest AND Town Poems. By Alexander
Nicholas De Menil. Second Edition
The Torch Press, New York and Cedar
Rapids, Iowa: London: 26 Henrietta
Street, Covent Garden, W. C. 1911.
Cloth, 16mo.; 137%pp. Price, $1.25.

A small volume of poems by Alexander
Nicholas De Menil with the title of Forest
and Town has recently been issued in a
second edition form. These are assembled
under the heads of: Nature; Love; Friend-
ship; Death and Miscellaneous. The poet
avows that his verse is only written to pic-
ture the restless spirit of the age, and in
accomplishing this he has the courage of
inventing new forms of versification; the
over-zeal of here and there painting an in-
convenient subject; and in social problems
where he should have been content with
the right to attack, he is too abusive. Again
he is bold, for in the translation of a song
of Moreau’s he confesses to have taken
great liberties. De Menil writes with

pathos and gentleness of many things that.

put song into his heart; he hails them as
dreams of youth and hopes gone by and
kisses his hand to all their pretty ways,
as he puts it. His touches are radiant with
sincerity, and a human interest penetrates
with him the multitudinous haunts of Na-
ture. “The One Fair Woman’; “The Face
at the Window,” remind one at times of
a strong line in Wilfred Scawen Blunt, but
not in the direction of that Sonneteer’s
strength in escaping didacticism. After
reading all the poems one is somewhat free
to feel that as a whole they inspire praise
for much that is beautiful and fervid.

EcypTiAN EstHetics. By René Francis.
Chicago: Open Court Publishing Com-
pany. 1912. Cloth. 8vo. 2%6 pages.
Price, b2 net
The author of Egyptian Esthetics sets

out to show that the appeal of Egypt to

those who know the land of the Pharaohs
is summarized in the premise that she is
and always has been artificial, thus inspir-
ing at once both dislike and attraction, ap-
pealing in vain to the material side, to the
perception, but awakening immediate re-
sponse by her appeal to the mind and to
the imagination. As to the works of art
that have come down through her history,
the writer says, “If you see them merely
as great works of great ages, you cannot
but marvel, but if you pierce their secret,
and see them with the mind as well as
with the eye, then you have something
more than mere wonder, for you know
them, and they remain with you eternal pos-
sessions, the more eternal for that they are
votive gifts to eternity. This is a volume
that is a welcome addition to our store of

Egyptology.

THE ROTARY
STEAM ENGINE

HE Rotary Steam Engine has

attracted the best thoughts of
inventors and students for many
years. A\ll interested should read
carefully the very complete in-
formation found in the files of the
Scientific American Supplement.
Every class and type of rotary
engines and pumps is described
and illustrated.

Scientific American Supplement 470 describes
the Harrington Rotary Engine, a form of intermit-
tent gear.

Scientific American Supplement 497 describes
Fielding & Platt’s Universal-joint Rotary Engine.
Scientific American Supplement 507 describes

the Jacomy Engine, a square-piston type.

Scientific American Supplement 528 describes
Inclined-shaft Rotary Engine, using the universal-
joint principle.

Scientific American Supplement 558 describes
the Kingdon Engine, a ‘“‘wabble-disk"’ design.

Scientific American Supplement 636 describes
Riggs’ Revolving-cylinder Engine, suggesting the
present Gnome motor.

Scientific American Supplement 775 describes
Revolving-cylinder engines of several forms.

Scientific American Supplement 1109-1110-
1111 contains a series of great interest, describing
and illustrating all the principal types of rotary en-
gines and pumps. This set should be studied by
every inventor and designer.

Scientific American Supplement 1112 describes
the Filtz Rotary Motor, using helical surfaces.

Scientific American Supplement 1158 describes
Hult’s Rotary Engine, an eccentric-ring type.

Scientific American Supplement 1193 describes
Arbel & Tihon’s Rotary Motor, an ingenious
eccentric type, now on the market asa pump.

Scientific American Supplement 1309 describes
The Colwell Rotary Engine, in which a piston
travels entirely around an annular cylinder.

Scientific American Supplement 1524 describes

Rotary Engine on the intermittent-gear principle.

Scientific American Supplement 1534 contains
a valuable column on the difficulties of rotary en-
gine design.

Scientific American Supplement 1821 contains
an article describing many new forms of rotary
engines of the most modern design.

Scientific American, No. 23, Vol. 102 contains a
full description of the recent Herrick Rotary En-
gine, an eccentric type with swinging abutment.

Scientific American, No. 23, Vol. 104 describes

Jarman’s Engine, on the sliding-valve principle.

Scientific American, No. 14, Vol. 106 describes
the Augustine Rotary Engine, with novel features
incorporated in the sliding-valve design.

Each number of the Scientific American or
the Supplement costs 10 cents. A set of
papers containing all the articles here men-
tioned will be mailed for $2.00. They give
more complete information on the subject
than a library of engineering works. Send
for a copy of the 1910 Supplement Catalogue,
free to any address. Order from your news.
dealer, or the publishers.

MUNN & CO., INC.
361 BROADWAY, _N. Y. CITY

September, 1912

CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE

_ By RALPH C. DAVISON
HIS book describes in detail in a A010 VL LLL, FLINTS FINE FURNITURE |

most practical manner the var-

ious methods of casting concrete

for ornamental and useful pur-

poses and covers the entire field
of ornamental concrete work. It tells
how to make all kinds of concrete vases,
ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes-
tals, concrete, benches, concrete fences,
ete. Full practical instructions are given
for constructing and finishing the differ-
ent kinds of molds, making the wire
forms or frames, selecting and mixing
the ingredients, covering the wire frames
and modeling the cement mortar into
form, and casting and finishing the
various objects. With the information
given in this book any handyman or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement
for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material,
and has explained each progressive step in the various operations
throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented
with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that
no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman
who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt-
ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process
throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which
is necessary with the former material. The information on color
work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as
there is little known on the subject and there is a large growing de-
mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters
which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work.

I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of Aggregates.

Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- IX. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower
eling the Cement Mortar into Form. Pots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with

4
i

WII
HU

TMNT TTT TT
MAUMRRUR ROMO

|
|

COLONIAL Yes
ee

With the endless suggestions to be had
from our artistically arranged exhibits,
the assistance of expert decorators and
our practically unlimited facilities for
promptly executing special orders,
“furnishing ” at Flint’s is a pleasure in-
suring economy of Time, Trouble and
Expense.

Geo. C. Funt Co.

43-47 West 23°ST. = 24-28 West 24" St.

HII

ltl

(

ITI. Plaster Molds for Simple Forms. Colored Tile.
IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having X.. Concrete Pedestals.
Curvea Outlines. XI. Concrete Benches.
V. Combination of Casting and Model- XII. Concrete Fences.
ing—An Egyptian Vase. Miscellaneous, including Tools,
VI. Glue Molds. Water proofing and Reinforcing.
VII. Colored Cements and Methods Used
fur Producing Designs with same.
16 mo. 54x74 inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid
This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a-
bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited
possibilities of ornamentation in concrete.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers
361 BROADWAY NEW YORK

EUMTVMVICUUUEUUUNVHVUUUURPUCUUUUUUELTEOCUUUUUUUUATOCUUCUUROOOUURURRUROVOOUUARROUUULURRUOCUULUAOOUUULLLLAGGECCULCAREGOACAARLLAOGULL UAHA LLOLLLGGEA CLEC
PVOVTVUAARVVARLOATRTTOORLORAILCORUCORALUGHALONRLOLOARCOR LORI LUOTAUUORRCLORRR

UVOWRTVOWRRURUUUCCQORUUCOORICCCGOAACLUGNARA LUCOWARACUUUONOORRRUECUOTAULARRRLUILLULTOGRLUULGLARLULLOLORPLUDLULGOLLGALLLUoot

BOUND VOLUMES of

AMERICAN HOMES
and GARDENS 1911

456 pages, over 1,000 illustrations, 2
many of which are full-page plates. e rice, $ 5 ° 00

An exquisite volume full of interest to the home planner, the home builder and the
home maker. The volumes are beautifully bound in green library cloth, stamped in
colors, gilt top.

AMERICAN HOMES AND:.GARDENS is a magazine of taste and distinction in all
things that pertain to home-making, and every one of the numbers which compose this
fine volume is thoroughly illustrated by many half-tone reproductions from photographs
especially taken for this publication.

Below are mentioned a few of the many subjects covered in its columns:

Houses Furnishings Heating Flowers Garden Plans Kennel

Bungalows Plumbing Cooking — Fruits Aviation Stock

House Plans Water Supply Housekeeping Lawns Automobiling Landscape

Interiors Lighting Gardens Garages Poultry Architecture
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is considered to be the most beautiful magazine published and it
is also the most practical. It fills the needs of the home, both in and out doors. The designing and con-
struction of the House, its interior and exterior decorations, the planning and laying out of the Garden, every
phase of Country Life, every home problem is solved in discussion and illustration in its pages each month.
It breathes the spirit of the country without being Agricultural or Horticultural. A limited number of
volumes for 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 and 1910 are available. Price $5.00 each. 1905 is a volume containing

six months numbers, price, $3.50.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

iff

“Autumn”

a beautiful composition by Chamin-
ade, is one of many thousand
pieces that you can play if you own
a Kranich & Bach Player-Piano—
“the most Auman of all.”

Even though you know nothing
about piano-playing, your perform-
ance is technically perfect; and,
better still, you can play with true
personal musical expression, exactly

like the most experienced pianist. —

RANICH & BACI
PLAYER-PL

a
Only the technique— the striking of the right notes at the right instant—is me Every Pipes of
musical-expression is under absolute personal control of the performer. And beak is what makes

music—not technique.

The KRANICH & BACH PIANO is famous as one of the half-dozen really /7s/-g7ade pianos.
The Kranich & Bach Player Action is exclusively a K & B product—invented by us and made by us, in every

detail, in the same factory with the piano. It is, therefore, equally as perfect as the piano, and is to be had only
in KRANICH & BACH PLAYER-PIANOS.

Every piece you can, ae ie
every piece you ever heard, and
thousands that you never heard but
would like to hear—are instantly

“included in your repertoire. ~~ __

They cover every class of music

—popular, dance, comic-opera,

musical comedy, grand-opera,

classic, sacred. All the old fam-
iliar favorites as well as the very
latest hits.

The Highest Grade Player-Piano in the

World Built Completely in one Factory _ ome

Among the many exclusive features of superiority, one of
the most important is the TRI-MELODEME or TRIPLE
SOLO device, which enables you personally to “bring out”
the melody whether in bass, tenor or treble, and subdue all else.

Complete and interesting literature will be sent on request;

also a sample copy of THE PLAYER MAGAZINE.

Sold on Convenient Monthly
Payments if Desired — wT

“Tri-Melodeme’’ (Melody-Marked) Music-Rolls, with Special Antistic|
Tempo Interpretations, make expressive playing easy and quickly acquired. |
These can be used with any player-piano.

Kranich & ae

233-245 East ae Sty New York City

: 4
Ok Pea

, . ee 4 - a
Brey op tent Rte Se Gee ae

James McCreery & Co.

23rd Street ; 34th Street

FURNITURE AND FLOOR COVERINGS

are the essential furnishing features in our homes, whether a city house,
an apartment, a country home or club.

Itis not dificult to procure furnishings for the average apartments,
but it is very dificult to find an unusual Persian Rug in just the colorings
and size needed, or a sideboard that is roomy and yet not too large for
the dining room of the modern city apartment.

We make it a pronounced feature in our merchandising to have the
unusual in the various lines of furnishings as well as the staple and

: standard stocks.
Simplicity is particularly desired for country homes, and for such we have a
complete stock of Craftsman Oak Furniture for any room, also rich mahogany built
along the same lines as the Craftsman.
ORIENTAL and DOMESTIC RUGS in a very complete range of colors
and sizes.
Carpets and Linoleums in all grades and designs.
Orders taken for furnishing single rooms, suites or entire houses.
Upon request, estimates submitted.

23rd Street NEW YORK 34th Street

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

JUST PUBLISHED
A Complete and Authoritative American Work!

Standard Practical Plumbing

BY R. M. STARBUCK
Author of ‘Modern Plumbing Illustrated ” etc., etc.

Octavo, (6% x 9% inches), 406 pages, 347 illustrations.
Price, $3.00 postpaid.

This work is especially strong in its
exhaustive treatment of the skilled work
of the plumber and commends itself at
once to everyone working in any branch
of the plumbing trade. Itis indispensable

TANDARD: S| to the master plumber, the journeyman
PRACTICAL PLUMBING plumber and the apprentice plumber.
Ry M. STARBUCK Plumbing in all its branches is treated

THE proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly
give our time and attention to intending purchasers visiting our Nursery,
and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our
Nursery consists of 300 acres highly cultivated land and 500,000 square feet
| of greenhouses and storehouses, in which we are growing Nursery and
Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose, the best that experience,
g od cultivation and our excellent facilities can produce, placing us in a
position to fill orders of any size,

Our Formal Rose Garden, planted | Plant Tubs, Window Boxes and
with 5,000 Roses in 250 varieties | “ Garden Furniture. We manu-
is now in full bloom. Everybody facture all shapes and sizes.
interested in Roses should visit | Evergreens, Conifers and Pines.
our Nursery and inspect same. More than 75 acres of our Nursery

are planted with handsome speci-

mens. Our plants are worth travel-
ing any distance to see.

Boxwood and Bay Trees. We grow
thousands of trees in. many shapes

and sizes. 3
. Hedge Plants. We have a large within the pages of this book, and a large
Palms, Decorative Plants for Con- quantity of California Privet, Ber- amount of space is devoted to a very
servatories, interior and exterior beris, and other Shrubs for Hedges. eoainicte and practical treatment of the
decorations. Our greenhouses are | Pot-Grown Strawberries. We raise P

subjects of hot-water supply, circulation
and range boiler work.

The illustrations, of which there are three hundred and fone
seven, one hundred being full-page illustrations, were made ¢x-
pressly for this book, and show the most modern and best Am-
erican practice in plumbing construction.

Following is a list of the chapters:

full of them. thousands of. pot-grown straw-

Hardy Old-Fashioned Flowers. pemc oo all’ the Saas and

We h ai, Beene popular varieties, ready for im-
e have thousands of rare new Sai pear paren

and old-fashioned kinds, Our P 3 T Le Ay Pech

He. G d “all aeonies. ree an erbaceous
See OUS round sane cepcca Paeonies. September delivery

interesting at this time. Special Bulbs and Res Weamoott lanes

prices on quantities. :

quantities of Bulbs and Roots from

A Be F “I. The Plumber’s Tools. XVIII. Residence Plumbing.
Hardy Trailing and Climbing Vine: - Japan, Holland and other parts of | it. Wipide “Solder, Composi- XIX. Plumbing for Hotels,
e grow in pots quantities for all Europe. Our Autumn Bulb Cata- tion fl Use por Factories, Sta-
5 Bi es, c.
kinds of planting. logue will be mailedupon request. Joins Works, Xx. Modern Countay Bias

Traps. ng.

Siphonage of Tape XXI. ileration of aaa and
Venting. Water Supp

Continuous: Venting. XXII. Hot and Ca ‘Suppl

Our New Giant Flowering Marshmallow:,, Everybody should be inter-
ested in this Hardy New Old Fashioned Flower. It will grow everywhere
and when in bloom is the queen of flowers in the garden. Rlooms from

July until the latter part of September. Hone Sewer and Sewer © XXIII. Range -Boilers; ireula:
onnections. tion
OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 75 describes our: Products, is Hotise Drain. XXIV. Circulating Pipes:
comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending purchasers.. Will be | Soil Piping, Roughirg. XXV. Range Boiler Problems. -
mailed free upon request. ‘ \ Main Trap and Fresh XXVI. Hot Water for Large
Our Landscape Department is in a position to Plan and Plant Flan, ee A l@atiie XXVI We ee Andee ees
Grounds and Gardens Everywheye with ot World's Choicest Drang rete Teadees XXVIII. Multiple Connections for
Nursery Products, ‘Grown in our World’s Greatest Nursery. rae Deana ee Plot, Waters aiRoilerss
Visitors, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main:Line, Bixture aes % Races bee yan why
BULA PPE NECA i Ventilation. *» XXIX. Theory for the’ Plumber. _
Improved Plumbing Con- XXX. Drawing for the Plum-:
BOBBINK & ATKINS nections. ber.

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters RUTHERFORD, N. J. & CO., Inc., Publishers, (361 Broadway, New Y ork

October, 1912

THE WHITE EGG HENS

By E. I. FARRINGTON

F course, the color of an egg really
has no influence on its quality.
Richness and flavor are determined by
other factors, entirely. Yet in many sec-
tions buyers pay a premium for eggs
which are snowy white, so popular are
eggs of this color. That is the reason
why only White Leghorn hens are found
on most of the large egg plants in the
vicinity of New York city and in other
parts of the country, notably California,
which is sometimes called the land of the
Leghorn. The Boston market, for some
unaccountable reason, goes to the other
extreme and demands dark brown eggs.
The amateur who prefers white eggs
has a long list of breeds to select his lay-
ing hens from, all of them belonging to
the Mediterranean or French classes.
Undoubtedly, the White Leghorn heads
the list, being nearest an egg machine
of any fowl yet developed. The Leg-
horn as now bred in this country is quite
a different bird from those first brought
from Italy. To all intents and purposes
the breed has been Americanized, and the
Leghorns seen here are larger and dif-
ferent in many ways from the Leghorns
found in England, where the breed is
also popular. There are single and rose
comb varieties in white and brown and
single comb buffs, blacks and silver duck-
wings, although the two named last are
not common. The white and brown var-
ieties are the two most often seen, but
the White Leghorn is given the prefer-
ence, because it lays the larger eggs and
those which are uniformly pure white.
In some markets White Leghorn eggs
are the standard and are sold by name.
Leghorns are too small to be satisfac-
tory table fowls, although the meat is
tender and sweet. They are rather wild,
fly like birds and can crawl through very
small holes. On the other hand, they
are light eaters, lay when five months old
and are non-sitters, seldom becoming
broody. They lay well in Winter, al-
though the long combs of the single-
comb varieties are likely to be touched
by frost in very cold weather.

The Anconas are a white-egg breed
which is growing rapidly in popularity.
The hens are remarkably prolific and both
hens and cocks are very attractive. The
birds are mottled black and white, about
every fifth feather being tipped with
white. The tendency is to breed them a
little heavier than the Leghorns and some
breeders have been accused of introduc-
ing Minorca blood to secure this result.
The tail is carried somewhat higher than
oe Leghorn tail and the breast is rather
ull.

Anconas are very lively, but stand con-
ainement well. If the yard is small, they
will easily scale a five-foot fence, but are
less likely to seek escape from a large
yard. The chicks are unusually attrac-
tive and grow their feathers quickly.
They are spared the awkward, half-bare

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

RES RES:
U]

(] veloped a sheer
RES RBrsE S383

that period.

‘American renaissance.’’ It

satisfies.

UR furniture is the standard of com-
O parison. Our shopmark is as full
of meaning on a piece of furniture
as the word ‘“‘sterling’’ on pure silver.

Our period pieces are wonderful studies
from the best work of the master designers
of the old days.

Our dealers, with the displays on their
floors and our wonderful portfolio of direct
photogravures, are able to give you the
privilege of choice from our entire line.

Do you want good
information cheap?

Write to us and we will refer you to a Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement that will give you the very data you
need; when writing please state that you wish Supple-
ment articles.
Scientific American Supplement articles are written by men
who stand foremost in modern science and industry.
Each Scientific American Supplement costs only ten cents.
But the information it contains may save you hundreds of dollars.
Send for a 1910 catalogue of Supplement articles. It costs
nothing. Act on this suggestion.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

Want a really fine lawn

Start it Now with K A L A

Start your lawn this fall.
It will be green and beautiful

otherwise you would just be seeding it,
to sow Kalaka—not ordinary seed. Kalaka grows quickest an

surest, and gets well rated (batons cold weather comes. It's
easier to sow and goes further, too. No waste to Kalaka. It’s
the choicest of carefully cleaned prime seed—mixed with a
strong concentrate of rich manure—draws moisture, quickens
germination and nourishes the sprouting grass into a thick, sturdy
turf in a brief time. Now is the time to tone up the thinlawn and

brighten up bare spots with Kalaka. $1.00 for 5-lb. box, $1.25

West of Omaha. om, eae = v1
‘How to Make a Lawn” w
Free Booklet be given you by any Kalaka
dealer. Ask your dealer forit, If he doesn’t
handle Kalaka, write us his name, and we'll
send you the book.

The Kalaka Co., 25 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

(JHE Flemish renaissance in furni-
ture designing and making de-

line and treatment which is faithfully
retained in Berkey & Gay pieces studied from

Berkey & Gay furniture has been aptly termed the

crude, cheap, garish modes to the best thought not only
of the past centuries but of today. t
to you the beauty that endures and the quality that
When you purchase Berkey & Gay furniture
you are not buying for temporary use, but

For Your Children’s Hetrlooms

Berkey & Gay Furniture Co.

178 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan

} next spring at the time when FERTILIZED GRASS SEED

For fall seeding, it’s important

beauty and a charm of

marks the turning from the

In furniture it brings

OU will enjoy reading our de luxe

y book, ‘‘Character in Furniture,’’
the demand for which has been so
great that we have prepared a second large
edition. It is a treatise on worthy fur-
niture and its uses. We will mail it to
you at once for fifteen =
two-cent stamps. With
it we will send ‘“The
Story of Berkey & Gay’’
—an inspiring book for
boys, if you have any.

This inlaid mark of
honor identifies to you each
Berkey & Gay piece.

Staimed with Cabot’s Shingle Stains.
Davis, McGrath & Shepard, Architects, N. Y.

The Advantages of

. Soft, rich and artistic coloring effects.
. Cost less than half as much as paint.
. Can be quickly and easily applied by any one,
at half the cost of painting.
ade of Creosote, which thoroughly preserves
the wood.
. Guaranteed fast colors.

. Suitable and appropriate for the smallest
ungalow or the finest residence.

You can get Cabot's Stains all over the Country. Send
Sor samples of stained wood and name of nearest deale

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., MFG. CHEMISTS —
131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.

Cabot’s Shingle Stains |

SMITHSON),

Fn
V %

‘

il AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Poultry, Pet
and Live Stork
Directory

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds and animals.

Nearly 60
acres of land entirely devoted to our busi-
ness.

Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Pea-
fowl, Cranes, Storks, Flamingoes, Ostriches,
Ornamental Ducks and Geese, etc., for pri-
vate parks and fanciers. Also Hungarian
Partridges, Pheasants, Quail, Wild Ducks
and Geese, Deer, Rabbits, etc., for stocking
preserves. Good healthy stock at right
prices.
Write us what you want.

WENZ& MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Department C. Bucks County, Yardly, Pa;

KILLED BY SCIENCE
DANYSZ VIRUS isa

RA I Bacteriological Preparation

AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouses
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
7Se; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
aq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now.

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

G. D. TILLEY

Naturalist

Beautiful Swans, Fancy
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes,
Storks, Ornamental Ducks and
Geese, Flamingoes, Game and
Cage Birds.
“Everything in the bird line froma
Canary to an Ostrich’’
I am the oldest established and largest exclusive
dealer in land and water birds in America and have
on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States.

G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn.

HOME BUILDERS—SOME HELP
Beautiful homes—characteristic homes are not ac-
cidents, but the outgrowth of careful planning. The
biggest help in the preliminary steps is obtained
from a good architect’s book of designs and floor-
plans from which to cull ideas. {U

“DISTINCTIVE HOMES AND GARDENS”’
give endless suggestions, covering every phase of
building. No. 1—<5 designs, $1060 to $6000, $1.00; No.
2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00; No. 3—Combin-
ing No.i and 2 $1.50. Stock plans priced in each
book. Descriptive circular sent upon request. I

-The Kauffman Company- |
620 ROSE BUILDING CLEVELAND, OHIO l

a eee

SSS S| SS Se ee

appearance seen in chicks of larger
breeds. Often they lay before they are
five months old and lay persistently for
months. The eggs are fairly large and
generally pure white, although slightly
tinted eggs are occasionally found.
Though they are classed as non-sitters,
the hens are prone to become a little
broody in early Summer, but are not to
be trusted with eggs or chickens. This is
strictly an egg-laying breed, but the flesh
is of fine quality and there is enough of
it to warrant serving the birds on the
family table.

The one white-egg breed which sup-
plies a liberal amount of meat, however,
in the Minorea, of which the black var-
iety is the one commonly seen. The
Black Minorca is an excellent fowl for
the amateur. It is almost as large as a
Plymouth Rock and the eggs are the
largest, on the whole, of those laid by any
hens in its class. The hens are very pro-
lific and lay well the year around. They
have exceptionally long combs, though,
something of a disadvantage in cold cli-
mates and the skin is white, so that the
Minorcas are barred from the fancy mar-
kets as table poultry, yellow skin being
in demand in this country. The legs are

dark, also, another point against this
breed, The amateur, however, who in-
sists upon white eggs and still wants
birds which will provide a generous

amount of meat for the family table, must
needs consider the Minorcas, as being the
heaviest of the non-sitting and white-egg
breeds.

Next should be named the French fowls
known as Houdans, the only French breed
popular in this country. No amateur can
keep a flock of Houdans without finding
pleasure as well as profit in them. They are
handsome, tame, friendly, prolific and
easily confined. They weigh half a pound
less than Wyandottes, which means that
they dress well for the table. It is true
that the skin is light in color and the
legs far from the golden yellow which
our markets seek, but this fact makes the
birds none the less valuable for home
eating. This insistence upon yellow flesh
and yellow shanks is only an American
notion, anyhow. The French people
much prefer the flesh of Houdans to that
of any American breed and their judg-
ment on matters epicurean is hardly to
be questioned.

The Houdan is mottled black and white
and has a peculiar crest on its head,
which prevents it looking skyward read-
ily, so that an ordinary poultry fence will
confine a flock of these birds. A fifth toe
is a curious characteristic, but as it turns
up does not aid it in walking or scratch-
ing. Houdan eggs are especially fertile
and the chicks grow remarkably fast. AI-
togcther this is an interesting breed.

There are several other white-egg
breeds, but for the most part they are
raised only by fanciers. The Andalus-
ians, which have light blue feathers, are
odd and pretty and really are practical
fowls. They lay well and the eggs are
of good size. Although classed as non-
sitters, the hens become broody to some
extent. The Hamburgs are astonishly
prolific, but the eggs are small. The var-
ious varieties are prized for their beauty
of feather and generally stylish appear-
ance. They are easily frightened, fly
high and ought to have a wide range to
do their best. The Black Spanish and
Polish are breeds for the fancier rather
than for the amateur whose principal aim
is eggs and plenty of them.

October, 1912

THE-REAL ESTATE-MART

A Farm For Sale
At Cazenovia, New York

135 acres; a number of farm build-
ings; large wood lot, over a quarter
of a mile shore front on beautiful
Lake Owahgena; fine building sites;
lovely views. A farm suitable for
a gentleman's country estate. Apply

to Mrs. Richard Fitz-Hugh Ledyard

Cazenovia, New York

Important to those
Who expect to build

WHEN PLANNING TO BUILD, get
the ideas of leading architects, regard-
ing best design, proper interior ar-
rangement and most appropriate
furnishings. This will aid in deciding
about your own plans, when you
consult your architect, and can be
obtained from the several hundred
designs beautifully illustrated in six
numbers of the

Architectural Record

The National Magazine for Architects, Owners and Builders,
with the largest circulation in the field

In the advertising pages of these six numbers
are a/so illustrated and described numerous
building specialties that add much to the com-
fort, convenience and value of the modern
home, without materially increasing initial
cost; fis information may mean saving of
many dollars to you.

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

We have a limited REREDy of these sets of six numbers,

invaluable to those who expect to build or make altera-
tions. Although "eater, price is $1.50, we make sou a
special offer of $1.00 for the six, while the sets last, if you
mention AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS.

ey will soon be sold. Order to-day, to-morrow may
be too late.

This $1.00 Should Save You Hundreds

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD
282 Metropolitan Annex New York

Enclosed _ is $1.00. Mail six numbers containing
CITY and COUNTRY HOUSE illustrations, according
to special offer in AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS.

October, 1912

SCHOOL-TAUGHT FARMERS IN
GERMANY

CCORDING to an interesting report

submitted to the United States
Bureau of Manufactures at Washington by
Vice-Consul-General De Witt C. Pool, Jr.,
stationed at Berlin, an excellent educational
system has been instituted and developed
in Germany to meet the needs of German
agricultural workers. The Prussian scheme
has, as its foundation, four agricultural
“high schools,” which, in a general way
correspond to the technical schools of the
German universities. These four schools
had, in the Summer term of 1911, an ag-
gregate of 1,552 pupils, and nearly two
thousand during the Winter term, many of
them being women.

“In addition to the agricultural ‘high
schools,’ says Mr. Pool, “there are five
other high schools devoted to teaching
veterinary science.

“The Agricultural High School in Berlin,
founded in 1870, contains a department for
agriculture, one for geodosy, one for irriga-
tion and draining, and one for agricultural-
technical processes, such as distilling, brew-
ing, sugar manufacturing, etc. Its teaching
staff embraces twenty or more professors
and a somewhat larger number of assistant
masters and instructors.

“Agricultural institutes exist in the class-
ical universities of Breslau, Gottingen,
Halle, Konigsberg, Leipsic, Jena and Gies-
sen. Like the special agricultural high
schools just described, their purpose is to
afford a scientific training for the heads of
large agricultural undertakirgs, whether
owners, tenants or managers.

“Below the agricultural high schools and
the agricultural institutes of certain of the
universities come the intermediate agricul-
tural schools, which, however, are not
necessarily simply a step to the collegiate
training just described, but in most cases,
it would appear, are an end in themselves.
They are called “Landwirtschaftsschulen,”
or agricultural schools, as distinguished
from the “Hochschulen,” or high schools.
Their character is that of what is known in
the general or unspecialized educational
system as the “Realschulen,’ or burger
school, the curriculum of which corresponds
in a general way to that which an American
youth would pass through in completing a
“modern” or “modern classical” course in
one of our high schools. To the subjects of
the “Realschulen” the agricultural school
adds rural economy, to which some four or
six hours are devoted weekly, and gives to
natural science an important position with
eight to ten hours weekly. This necessarily
restricts the teaching of general cultural
subjects, such as languages, history, etc.
Experimental fields, fruit and vegetable
gardens are often attached to these schools.

“According to the latest Statistical Year-
book, at the close of 1908 there were eigh-
teen agricultural schools in Prussia alone.
The total attendance in that year was 3,940,
and the several teaching staffs comprised
220 individuals. During the previous year
the Prussian Government had contributed
$114,835 to their support, and local Govern-
ments, private organizations, etc., $50,499.

“Alongside the agricultural schools stand
the ‘Ackerbauschulen,’ or farming schools,
concerning which an authoritative writer
Says:

“The pupils, of the age of 15 and 20, are
mostly sons of farm owners or tenants.
They (the schools) are established partly
by individual practical agriculturalists, partly
by agricultural societies, partly by endow-
ments. All, however, are under State con-
trol, and nearly all of them receive sub-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Hardware

Quality comes first in Sargent Hardware.
The mechanism is designed for strength and
perfect action. The workmanship is of the
accurate kind that considers every detail.

Successful architects appreciate the splendid
selection the Sargent line affords. It includes -
the exact designs that best fit in with each
architectural and decorative scheme.

Shall we send you a copy of our Book of Designs
We also have a special book of Colonial Designs.

SARGENT & COMPANY, 156 Leonard Street: New York

The SUNDIAL

is only one of many pieces of art-
istic garden furniture that we manu-
facture.
We have a splendid collection of
benches, pedestals, fountains, statuary,
etc., all executed in Pompeian Stone, an
artificial product that withstands the ele-
ments and is practically everlasting.
You will enjoy our handsome catalogue O.
Write for it today.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

The Largest Manufacturers of
Ornamental Stone
230 Lexington Avenue, New York
Factory, Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents eS
\% Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

N
SS = = ad

The Schilling Press
Job PRINTERS Fine
Book Art
and Press
Catalog Work
Work A Specialty

137-139 E. 25th St.. New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of
KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, {ILLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

>
>
2

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October, 1912

o Let the ~randon be your
4 || Janitor for Thirty Days;

Pay us if it Makes Goon

ERE is the opportunity to end your heating troubles without risking
a cent until you are satisfied they actually are ended. If you are tired
of under-heated or over-heated rooms, prove to your own satisfaction that

you can have uniform heat—just as you want it—all the time.

Automatic Thermostat
Heat Regulator

‘*The Janitor that
never Sleeps.’’

will end your daily grind of trips up and down stairs to change drafts and dampers in an effort to keep the
furnace regulated. The ‘‘Crandon”’ consists of a small mechanical thermometer, which is placed in the living
room and connected by wire with a simple device over the furnace, which automatically regulates the draft and
check dampers if the heat in the living room varies one degree from the desired temperature. Regulates hot-
air, hot-water and steam-heating systems. Pays for itself in coal saved. So simple that anyone can install it.

Write for full details of trial offer, and copy of our booklet ‘‘Automatic
Comfort.” Name your heater-man or plumber, if possible.

CRANDON MANUFACTURING CO., 10 Bridge St., Bellows Falls, Vt.

e
Good Plumbing Makes Good Homes

EARLY every man and certainly every woman wants
N a home—a real sanitary, economical home whereall
the comforts of living can be thoroughly enjoyed
with a perfect bath, kitchen and laundry equipment. We
have been engaged in the manufacture of Plumbing
Goods for over 57 years and are the only firm making a
complete. line. For new Bath Room Ideas send for our

free Booklet No. 45 at once.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

Established 1855
MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm
GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 WEST LAKE STREET, CHICAGO

Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago

BRANCHES AND BRANCH OFFICES

Denver, Colo. Minneapolis, Minn. St. Louis, Mo.

Trenton, N. J. Dallas, Texas Washington, D. C. Kansas City, Mo.

Omaha, Neb. Rochester, N. Y. Cincinnati, Ohio San Francisco, Cal.
Salt Lake City, Utah

Cleveland, Ohio

sidies from the State or from public cor-
porations. They are in the country in con-
nection with a smaller or middle-sized es-
tate. The head of the estate, whether
owner, tenant, or manager, is at the same
time director of the institution. The pupils
are full boarders. In return for this and for
the teaching they pay boarding and school
fees. Many of the farming schools admit
pupils without payment or with half pay-
ment.”

The instruction is both practical and theo-
retical, preferably the former in the Sum-
mer, the latter in the Winter. The practi-
cal teaching extends to all kinds of agri-
cultural labor, which every pupil must learn
to perform by continued personal applica-
tion.

The theoretical teaching is given in the
elementary subjects, in rural economy, in
natural science (a subject of special im-
portance to agriculture), in horticulture and
fruit growing, in veterinary science, fre-
quently also in select sections of natural
economy ard agricultural law. The com-
plete course lasts two years. Admittance
is conditional on previous elementary edu-
cation and knowledge of simple agricultural
practice.

“There were seventeen farming schools
in Prussia alone at the end of 1908 at-
tended by 1,011 pupils and having an aggre-
gate teaching staff of 137. In 1907 the
Prussian Government contributed $6,979
and local Governments, private organiza-
tions, etc., $33,988 to their support.

“Continuation schools, in which those who
have completed their elementary education
and have begun their life’s work receive
further general or special instruction, are a
prominent feature of the German general
educational system, and are maintained in
agricultural as well as in industrial districts.
In the agricultural districts they are in-
tended chiefly for strengthening and extend-
ing the elementary education of the rural
population, but in some of them technical
agricultural instruction is also given. The
teaching is conducted principally in Win-
ter, during some evenings of each week and
often on Sunday afternoons. In the agri-
cultural districts of Prussia, at the close of
1908, 3,781 continuation schools were at-
tended by 55,889 pupils and cost $136,636
for their maintenance. In seven of these
schools, attended by 171 pupils, specialized
instruction in agricultural subjects was be-
ing given at a cost of $454. No doubt the
proportion of these latter schools has sub-
sequently increased.

“Of a somewhat similar nature are the
possibly more important agricultural Win-
ter schools. These are attended by young
farmers 15 to 20 years of age, and resemble
the farming schools already described, ex-
cept that the teaching is purely theoretical
in its nature, the pupils being engaged on
their fathers’ or others’ estates in Summer.
Otherwise the subjects and manner of in-
struction are not different, and the daily
hours of teaching being many, the same
theoretical knowledge may be obtained by
two Winters’ attendance at one of these
schools as by two years’ attendance at one
of the farming schools. The schools are
conducted by qualified directors, who are
generally occupied during the Summer
months as visiting lecturers.

“At the close of 1908 there were 184 ag-
ricultural Winter schools in Prussia, having
1,382 teachers and 7,273 pupils. They re-
ceived for their support $88,480 from the
Prussian Government and $160,263 from
local Governments and private organiza-
tions.”

October, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS y

COLOR OF YOLKS OF EGGS

VERY one has noticed how the colora-

tion of the yolks varies from one egg
to another, shading from very pale yellow
to reddish orange, says a writer in the
Revue Scientifique, translated for the
Literary Digest. The literature treating of
hen’s eggs is very large, yet few writers
have been attracted by this question of col-
oration. Noticing, several years ago, that
the observed differences of color are with-
out any effect on the intrinsic qualities of
the yolk, which remains equally nutritive
and equally valuable in reproduction,
Morris attributed the initial cause of the
color to the nature of the food.

Starting with the fact that it is paler in
Winter and with hens living in unscientific
quarters, he inferred from this that the
more intense coloration of the yolks of

ges laid by hens living at liberty was due

to the coloring-matter of the green plants,
and of the insects that these fowls eat in
large quantities. After complex chemical
transformations these pigments from the
foodstuffs reach the ovary, whose fatty
cells fix it, owing to a special affinity... .
Consequently hens should be placed in bet-
ter conditions of life, by giving them spaci-
ous grassy runways, and during the Winter
supplying them, in the absence of fresh
food, with grain, salad, cabbage, beets and
carrots, crushed or finely chopped. Apro-
pos of this question of coloration L’Ac-
climatation tells us that, after repeated com-
plaints from their customers, certain asso-
ciations of English breeders have drawn the
attention of producers to the desirability of
obtaining yolks of a higher color, and hence
more nutritive, by placing the hens in proper
conditions of hygiene and nutrition, and by
giving them water having iron in solution,
twice a week. This thesis, which is very
different, as may be seen, from that of Mr.
Morris, attributes to the coloration of the
yolks an influence on their nutritive power,
and recognizes as its cause their content in
iron. Neither of these two opinions is
based on precise experiments, but both
lead, fortunately, to the same practical
measures. Giving healthful and abundant
food to hens, and placing them in sanitary
surroundings, will assure them the strength
nec ssary to good layers.

AUTOMOBILE EXPORTS

HE automobile industry in the United

States has grown to such proportions,
says the New York Times, that the exports
of automobiles to foreign countries have,
during the fiscal year ended June 3, reached
the total of at least $27,000,000. Ten years
ago the exports of automobiles and parts
did not amount to $1, 000,000. The auto-
mobile industry is growing more rapidly in
the United States than in any other country.
France still leads the world in the value
of exports, but is rapidly falling back, and
last year shipped abroad automobiles to the
value of $4,000,000 in excess of our foreign
shipments this year. Our exports of auto-
mobiles are now greater than those of any
other country except France. During the
last three years the value of automobiles
exported has increased 300 per cent. Ap-
proximately 25 per cent. of our automobiles
shipped abroad go to Canada, and about 40
per cent. to Europe, chiefly to Great Britain;
29 per cent. to Australia, and 8 per cent. to
South America, the remainder being widely
scattered. The remarkable decrease in price
is not entirely due to the effort of the man-
ufacturer to reduce the cost of the machine,
but in a large measure to the exportation
of second-hand machines.

: “ PORTLANC
CEMENT

walks, porches, etc.

pol Or CEMENT. |

| This handsome, durable garage of solid concrete may be
quickly constructed in town or country, atmoderatecost.
Fireproof throughout; affords safe gasoline storage.
The floor is oil proof and easily cleaned. 4 Simple,
attractive plans are readily obtained for building minor
cement structures like this, house foundations, side-
q| Write us for information and

assistance in planning and executing any form of con-

crete work on your place.

CONCRETE IN THE COUNTRY - (Free)
: CONCRETE SURFACES—(Free)

CHICAGO

WE wish to call attention to ne fact ae)
we are ina Position to render com-
Wess services in every branch of
patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and
chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre-
pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed
in all countries foreign to the United
States.

MUNN & CO.,
Patent Attorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

| Z In making concrete it is important to mix your sand
with a fine grade of Portland Cement; use nothing but

UNIVERSAL

Address UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT CoO.
PITTSBURGH

PLANTS AT CHICAGO AND PITTSBURGH—ANNUAL OUTPUT 12,000,000 BARRELS

Send for the following book-
lets; they are full of practical interest and information.

CONCRETE SILOS—(Free)

CONCRETE SIDEWALKS-— (Free)

PORTLAND |
CEMENT

MINNEAPOLIS

{Vianogany Inlaid
Tig Table $5.00

Established 1878

O. Charles Meyer

Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer

Repairs of Every Description
Antique Furniture Restored

39 WEST 8th ST.,NEW YORK

Antique fireside chair, large comfortable wings
in tapestry, carved claw legs, $20.00.

30 inches

Hand-made

FALL PLANTIN

of bulbs, shrubs, trees, ete., and fall lawn making will give
you 50% better returns in the spring—if you make liberal use of

TRADE ZA MARK

SHEEP MANURE
Dried and Pulverized .

No Weeds—No Waste
Economical and Convenient

Unequaled for eae and Field Fertilizing

OO for 200 pound barrel freight paid east of Omaha—

$ wees Cash with order. Ask for special quantity prices
and interesting booklet.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Wizard Brand is sold by first-class seedsmen

vl AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October, 1912

The horizon of vision, the circle
which bounds our sight, has not
changed.

It is best observed at sea. Though
the ships of today are larger than the

ships of fifty years ago, you cannot .

see them until they come up over the
edge of the world, fifteen or twenty
miles away.

A generation ago the horizon of
speech was very limited. When your
grandfather was a young man, his
voice could be heard on a still day for
perhaps a mile. Even though he used
a speaking trumpet, he could not be
heard nearly so far as he could be seen.

Today all this has been changed.
The telephone has vastly extended
the horizon of speech.

Your Telephone Horizon

Talking two thousand miles is an
everyday occurrence, while in order
to see this distance, you would need
to mount your telescope on a platform
approximately 560 miles high.

As amanis followed by his shadow,
so is he followed by the horizon of
telephone communication. When he
travels across the continent his tele-
phone horizon travels with him, and
wherever he may be he is always at
the center of a great circle of telephone
neighbors.

What is true of one man is true of
the whole public. In order to provide
a telephone horizon for each member
of the nation, the Bell System has
been established.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System.

morocco leather case for only $10.
if Machine does not make good.

HESS sai LOCKER

The Only Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood
Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom
Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
aikest fae §=6trated circular.

The RecessedStee] HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

The “GOLDEN GEM” ADDING MACHINE $ 1 O
For General Office or Personal Desk Use ONLY

We have been making adding machines for ten years —and have sold over 30,000. ‘‘THE PROOF’’ on

request. During the past few years we have expended thousands of dollars in special tools and machinery to

produce a machine that would be wifhin the reach’of all. We have succeeded—the ‘‘Golden Gem”’ is

the result. You can keep it right on your desk or take it with you on the road. It saves brain work—

avoids mistakes—it suits the average man’s needs as well as high priced machines. It is supplied in a pebbled

Send Your Remittance Today—Your MONEY BACK within TEN days

Address : \cuer Automatic Adding Machine Co., *}3. roadway

SALES AGENTS: The ‘‘Golden Gem’ Sells Itself

M ~— Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance
= Gates of all designs and for all purposes.
| Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished.

FENCE!

Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh
and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate

Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Fumi-
ture—Stable Fittings.
253 Broadway

F.E. CARPENTER CO., Now York City

CHINESE BLACKWOOD FURNITURE

CHARACTERISTIC: productos

China, known around the world and
admired in varying degrees by foreigners
generally is Chinese blackwood furniture,
~ mmonly including cabinets, chairs, stools,
stands, pedestals, center and side tables,
frames, and most other drawing-room
pieces, elaborately carved and decorated
and manufactured or supposed to be made
from a blackwood, writes Consul General
George E. Anderson at Hongkong to the
United States Daily Consular and Trade
Reports. This furniture, if real in all re-
spects, 1s produced from various dark
woods, generally from Dalbergia latifolia,
a hard, heavy, close-grained, dark-red wood
known to the Chinese as “ka-hee” or “fur-
niture wood,” or sometimes as “sun-gee” or
“dark-red wood.’ When exposed to the
air for a long time this wood turns dark
and eventually becomes black, with more or
less red streaks in the grain corresponding
to the amount of resinous or other natural
coloring matter in the grain. It is imported
as logs of as much as 18 inches in diameter
and up to perhaps 20 feet in length, but also
as tree branches and smaller pieces, the
Chinese affecting pieces grown crooked for
use in natural shape in some of their fur-
niture. The wood is bought by weight, an
average wholesale consignment costing 3 to
4 taels a picul or about 11% to 2 cents gold
per pound.

Originally the Chinese used this wood for
their own fine furniture and for wood bases
or frames for porcelains, jade carvings, or
other ornaments for display in drawing-
rooms or cabinets. Chinese furniture or-
dinarily is quite plain, generally constructed
in long curves or rounded corners, straight
backs to the chairs, settees with straight
backs, often set with porcelain or marble
panels, and similar pieces, while bases for
porcelains or other similar work were often
beautifully carved. With the advent of
foreigners in South China, however, there
came a demand for a combination of fur-
niture more or less on the Chinese model,
which was carved instead of plain. The
Chinese manufacturers eventually designed
furniture somewhat on foreign models, with
the popular elaborate carved ornamentation,
the local demand for which spread into a
world-wide trade. The actual volume of
this trade is not large, the United States
probably taking more of it than any other
nation. Sales to the United States will
probably not run over $50,000 a year, in-
cluding shipments of household goods.

The furniture is prominently displayed
in oriental shops all over the world, and is
so especially characteristic of Hongkong
and South China that there is unusual in-
terest in it, and one of the first visits paid
by tourists traveling in this part of the
world is to blackwood shops and factories.
Furniture of this wood is often referred
to in the United States as teak furniture.
Blackwood has ho relation to teakwood and
is distinctly different from it in nature and
characteristics. Formerly most of this fur-
niture was made in Canton, which still an-
nually exports about $45,000 gold in value,
practically all to Hongkong, besides various
amounts shipped abroad as household fur-
niture. In Canton, a district practically
given over to making such furniture is a
point of interest for tourists. Of late years
these factories have sprung up in Hongkong
where most of the product is actually sold
to users and there are now eight such
establishments listed by the Government.
A few years ago there was considerable
fraud in the business and soft light woods
stained black were used in such goods just
as most of the so-called cherry wood furni-

October, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil

ture in Japan is now soft white wood stained
cherry before finishing. The use of poor] ,

wood so injured the trade that the Chinese
guild concerned decided to use only the real
blackwood and this in Hongkong is charac- ILO e~ Crinic e
teristic of the trade, though of course there

is still need to guard against inferior woods. : S 1 B
ectional Bookcases eine

Practically all this furniture — even

planed table tops and the most intricate and

delicate fittings—is handmade. Furniture ‘\
is planed in parts which generally dovetail
together in order to eliminate screws or
nails, and the various parts are shaped for
the carver. The worker squats on the earth
floor and works with various knives, chisels,
and other tools of native workmanship but
with no other vice or bench than his legs,
toes, and the earth floor or, in exceptional
cases, a log combination of seat and bench.
Workmen in these shops are practically
bred to the business. An apprentice serves
three years with no other pay than his rice.
He then earns perhaps $10 silver or $4.80
gold per month for several years. A full-
fledged carver will ordinarily receive $20
silver or $9.60 gold per month.

When carved, the article is usually
stained a uniform black by an alum prepar-
ation, then waxed with a preparation of
wood oil and blacking and polished, or
sometimes finished with a special prepara-
tion of Ningpo varnish. Foreign oils and
varnish are sometimes used for special pur-
poses, but as a rule only native materials
are employed. Of late a demand has grown
for the furniture in natural dark red of the
wood, furniture nearer real and likely to
become more popular as it becomes better
known. A strong demand is growing for
furniture manufactured from this wood on
plainer lines and to some extent for settees
and chairs in Chinese styles. The popu-
larity of the furniture on the whole seems

oe
f
y
5
Z

to be increasing, although there has been NCE books either overcrowded limited shelf space or empty shelves
no material change in average volume of yawned and waited for books. When one bookcase overflowed, a new
shipments. one was purchased, and its gaping shelves were gradually filled. That was
— before the Globe Wernicke period in bookcases. Now, books and their
FOREIGN SALT MARKET AND shelves come together. The bookcase grows apace with the library. This is
INDUSTRY the modern way of building a library. This is the Globe-Wernicke idea.
“‘Booklovers’ Shopping List’’—This little book lists the works of great
LTHOUGH the United States is a salt- authors and gives the prices of the same in sets. The list includes the low
s : : 5 = ah c priced popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every bookbuyer should
d aie ieee it See a oa have acopy. Sent free with the Globe-Wernicke catalog. Address Dept. A.H.
siderable quantities of special refined salt in ; r ‘ .
foreign countries, and the trade is increas- The Globe-Weenicke Co., Cincinnati, O hi o
ing annually. A monograph entitled “For- Branch Stores: Prviadciphia ida Chesmut St, Bouts, © | 9193 Federal Steet Cincinngu, 128-134 Fourth Ave. E-
eign Salt Market and Industry” has just
been issued by the Bureau of Manufactures, | ‘ sd ;

showing the conditions of the trade in for-
eign countries and the possibilities of open-
ing up or increasing the market for the Ke
American product abroad. This mono- » y” | Bs
graph pays particular attention to prices,
wholesale and retail, of the various grades
of crude and table salt, with the chief
sources of importation or domestic produc-
tion in each country. The most universal
presence of salt in the various countries of
the world makes a market for the crude | Wilson’s Outside Venetians

American product out of the question. Re- Blind and Awning combined, for windows, porches and

fining, however, is a matter of some ex- Cre Fie Paves, durble uni No. 5 CYLINDERS, ETC.
pense; but when conducted on a large scale, Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co., 5 West 29th Street, New York Ld. Fe» Hay Unloading Tools
refined salt can be produced at a cost which “IP ne Barn Door Hangers
will permit it to be shipped wherever there ee Write for Circulars and Prices

le ate bln AIR AND PROTECTION! || F.£. MYERS & BRO, Ashland, 0,

with substances to prevent caking, has held Sobinne Leupisnd Hey Zool Wer
the chief place in the refined salt trade of
the world. It has, in fact, established itself
in almost every civilized country. The
prices for this salt vary, in some places
reaching as high as 20 cents per pound, the
average being perhaps 10 or 12 cents per
pound. The monograph shows that the

salt is a Government monopoly in Ecuador, ore cgay cn pao War
a s 5 88-pgage Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. A
Peru, Venezuela, Italy, Roumania, Austria- Economy Gas MachineCo.

Hungary, Switzerland. Servia, Turkey, THE H. B. IVES Co. ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Greece, China, Cochin China and Japan. So.e Manuractunera ... NEW HAVEN, CONN. Basen aay sutomac) Sanitary Gand) Not Polsoacas

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window

Ventilating Lock use
“ECONOMY” GAS

assuring you of fresh air and pro- et if For Cooking, Water Heating and
tection against intrusion. Safe i Laundry Work also for Lighting

and strong, inexpensive and easily rk “It makes the house a home”’
applied. Ask your dealer for them ;

viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October, 1912

f of this well-planned
modern home is the

Morgan “iii Doors

with whichit is furnished throughout. If you want your house

Weavise Buar€y¥ GRMN poche.

admired as you admire this and other handsome houses, have
it finished with Morgan Perfect Doors and Millwork. Well-

informed architects who take pride in their creations
specify Morgan Doors because they want to be
judged by the Morgan Standard.
“*The Door Beautiful,’’ an artistic,de luxe book,
describes them in detail and offers bright, help-
ful pictorial hints on making homes more attrac-
tive. Sent free on request. If you are thinking
of building or remodeling, write fora zopy today.
Morgan Sash & Door Co., Dept B2, , Chicago
MORGAN COMPANY MORGAN micLWORK CO.
Oshkosb, Wis. Baltimore, Md.

r - Descriptive details of Mor-
Architects * gan Doors may be found in

Sweet’s Index, pages 910 and 911
This brand is on the top rail of
every genuine Morgan Door.
Insist on seeing before buying.

Electric Stationary for all kinds of

VACUUM CLEANERS 335. cocaome et
55 pounds. Country Homes special |

Broomell’s

“The reliable inexpensive

Cleaning device —
- BISSELLS

“Cyco” BALL-BEARING
Carpet Sweeper

5 Other cleaning devices come
and go, but the Bissell Sweeper
withstands all competition, al-

| ways emerging with increased wy

| prestige and a broader measure -
| of public favor. The reasons for

| y

| __* this are very plain andsimple. The “~~,
|

Bissell Sweeper occupies a distinct ae
field of usefulness that no other clean- :
ing device covers, meeting a daily necessity
of every home that cannot be practically
compassed by expensive cleaning machines
that are cumbersome to use; and beyond
this, the ‘‘Bissell’, gathers up miscellaneous
litter that other devices cannot pick up—all
of which is recognized by housewives gen-
erally The dirt and dust problem has to be
met every day in the year, not periodically;
\ and the Bissell Sweeper is the only cleaning
, device which, on accouut of its lightness
\ and efficiency, is practicable to use daily.
\ The very latest BALL-BEARING BIS-
\ SELL costs but $2.75 to $5.75, and will
last from five to fifteen years, according
to care given it.
For sale by all the best trade. Write
for free booklet, “Easy, Economical,
Sanitary Sweeping.”

Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co.
Dept. 125
Grand Rapids, Mich. |

(Largest Exclusive Carpet |
weeper Manufacturers

or use with Gasoline Engine.

66 VICTOR 99 VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY

YORK PENNSYLVANIA

S U N A Beautiful Illustrated Booklet,
“WHERE SUN DIALS ARE
MADE,” sent upon request.
i Estimates furnished.
Ask for Booklet No. 5
Any Latitude
E. B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York

Branches; New York Minneapolis St. Paul London Paris

For American Homes and Gardens

and Scientific American sent to

$5 one address for one year. $ 6
REGULARLY

The Stephenson System
of Underground Refuse
Disposal

Keep your garbage and
waste out of sight, under ground or below
floor in

eet
assaces Underground

veace wane

Garbage and Refuse Receivers

Sanitary, odorless, fly-proof, a clean back yard,
a fireproof disposal of refuse in a
cellar, factory or garage. -
Underground Earth Closet with port-
able steel house for contractors, farm
or camp. -
Nine years on the market. It pays
to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for circular.

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF INDIA-
RUBBER

N article in The Automobile presents

some interesting facts about india-rub-
ber as first used by Europeans. Following
the discovery of America an early Spanish
writer made mention of the fact that the
Haitians “played a game with gum balls,”
the first reference in literature of any sug-
gestion of india-rubber. Mexicans were
later mentioned as “making slits in trees to
permit the flow of a pleasant smelling,
milky gum.’ Another Spanish _ writer,
whose book was issued in 1615, after de-
scribing the rubber-tree, says the Indians
“used this elastic gum for medicine and the
Spaniards used it for waterproof cloaks.”
Other interesting historical items in the
article are the following:

“TLacondamine sent some of the dark,
gummy caoutchouc from Brazil to the Paris
Academy in 1736. With great difficulty
chemists sought some sort of solvent for
this, but not until 1761 was it accomplished.
Herissont and Macquer then dissolved
caoutchouc in oil of turpentine, rectified
over lime, and obtained a mass that allowed
the rubber to regain its elastic state. Ether
was also used. Priestley, the great discov-
erer of oxygen, in 1770 found that rubber
made a good eraser for pencil-marks. Two
years later, Magellan induced the French
to use rubber commercially, and its price
was $5 an ounce. In 1798, J. Howison dis-
covered a rubber-tree (Urceola elastica) in
Penanh province, and Dr. Roxburgh an-
nounced another tree (ficus elastica) in
Assam province.

“In 1791 Samuel Peal had already taken
out the first patent in connection with rub-
ber ‘for the application of dissolved rub-
ber to waterproofing.’ A second equally.
useless patent was obtained twenty-nine
years later by Thomas Hancock, April 29,
1820. In 1823, Charles Mackintosh re-
ceived the patent on waterproofing fabrics
by dissolving rubber in coal-oil, and built
the first factory in Glasgow, removing later
to Manchester.

“The fact that all articles made would
not stand the stress of heat and cold led a
German chemist, Professor Ludersdorf, to
the discovery in 1832 that sulphur mixed
with rubber dissolved in turpentine, re-
moved all viscosity from the rubber. Here
he stopped.

“Then, in 1839, Nelson Goodyear, an
American, solved the riddle of the rubber
question. He discovered how to produce
rubber objects that would withstand all ex-
tremes of cold and heat. Nathan Haysard,
his friend and partner, one day accident-
ally dropped some rubber mixed with sul-
phur upon a heated stove. When he picked
it up, it was noticed that the sulphur was
absorbed by the rubber, which kept its elas-
ticity when afterward exposed to the hot
sun. Goodyear, who had three years be-
fore started in the rubber business by get-
ting United States Government contracts
for rubber mail-bags, continued experi-
menting with this discovery, and in 1844 re-
ceived his patents on the vulcanizing pro-
cess.”

FOXES NOT EASY PREY

OXES often kill buzzards and the
smaller hawks that have been impelled
to attack them through hunger. They have
mainly done this by dragging the birds
through branches and brushwood; for they
usually have their talons deeply imbedded
in their intended victim, and are unable to
let them go.

October, 1912

Tints

THE NOVEMBER NUMBER

HE next issue of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS,

the November number, will be introduced by a beauti-
fully illustrated article describing one of the most interest-
ing American homes at Tuxedo Park. The second article
will be descriptive of a most attractive Massachusetts home
and its interesting furnishings. Olden Time Bandboxes
will be the subject of an article describing these little known
relics of the days of crinoline, and the illustrations will be
from photographs of bandboxes in the remarkable collec-
tion gathered by Mr. A. W. Drake, of New York. “Lit-
tle Houses for Little People” is the subject of an article
on playhouses, a fresh topic full of interest to the home-
maker who realizes, as every home-maker should, the value
of a properly-planned and designed playhouse for develop-
ing the child’s sense of orderliness. The double-page fea-
ture for November will consist of a number of reproduc-
tions of photographs of attractive and well-designed chim-
neys. ‘Weather Vanes” is the title of another illustrated
article out of the ordinary, and will present many sug-
gestions for adding notes of interest to the home premises.
A beautiful country home not far from New York city. a
house of distinction and architectural character, will be de-
scribed and illustrated with photographs of exterior and in-
terior. Archery as a pastime for Americans is the subject
of yet another article, and the November number will be
further enriched by other contributions and by the usual
departments, ‘‘Within the House,” ‘Around the Garden,”
and “Helps to the Housewife” that have helped to make
AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS maintain prestige in its
field.

WILLIAM BOOTH AND THE SALVATION ARMY
QUARTER of a century ago there was hardly a day

passing when ridicule was not being heaped upon the
shoulders of William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army.
The public felt that the assumption of “General” by him,
the blare of trumpets, the pounding of drums, the mar-
shalling of his “‘soldiers” in uniforms and all that were mat-
ters for its levity. The death of William Booth marks a
long standing revulsion in public sentiment which seems in
itself a justification of the Salvation Army’s work as di-
rected by its restlessly energetic founder through years of
sacrifice, devotion and sincerity of conviction that ennobles
any cause. We need not concern ourselves with those
methods which might awaken our criticism and of which,
even to-day, we cannot all be expected to approve, but tak-
ing the Salvation Army’s labors from the viewpoint of its
social aspects alone, we must concede to it the accomplish-
ment of a tremendous and uplifting influence. The sensi-
tive may deplore the blatancy with which the organization
appears to conduct much of its work, but it reaches out a
helping hand too far beyond casual charity’s feeble effort
for even the comment of the sensitive to stand in condem-
nation. General Booth combined with his religious enthu-
siasm a rare zeal—even the zeal that permits a fanatic to
accomplish incredible things—but it was a zeal well directed
and guided by remarkable executive ability and the qualifi-

AVEC AN FIONES “AND GARDENS ix

TUTITUNI UM nua

=e SS =

cations that lead to business success. William Booth, like
John Wesley in his generation, brought about an awakening
of a realization within us of the possibility of penetrating
the darksome ways of modern life, which in this era
before Booth’s advent, had been too much shunned by those
who sought souls to save in pleasanter and less dangerous
places. The founder of the Salvation Army recognized the
fact that the untroubled peacefulness of our homes de-
pends upon the moral cleanliness of neighborhood envi-
ronment. The greatest metropolis of America is now
awakening to a public realization of its shameful bondage
to organized vicious influences, an awakening which the Sal-
vation Army in America has done much in an unadvertised
way to bring about. Would that everyone of us were pos-
sessed of such zeal as made William Booth’s name come to
be honored throughout every land in the world, that every-
one of us could walk along the path of his own perception
of righteousness as undeviatingly as did this remarkable
man, for the world needs thousands of men and women who
are willing to assert their convictions, exemplify their prin-
ciples and give the world one of those good old-fashioned
moral housecleanings it only receives once in every three or
four centuries.
VACATIONS IN WINTER

ECENTLY an attempt was made in Europe to inter-

est employers in the subject of Winter vacations for
employees. In commenting on this unsuccessful effort the
New York Times has this to say: ‘The offer of some ex-
tra days—as many as there are weeks in the Summer vaca-
tion—will be tempting, of course, but more than counter-
balancing the temptation will be a realizing sense that there
are not nearly as many pleasant, healthful, and inexpensive
things to do out of doors in Winter as in Summer. And
freedom from work is most desired at the season when
work is the most irksome and exhausting, which is dur-
ing hot weather, and while a bank clerk may not greatly
enjoy his labors when icy winds do blow, at least he does
not then have to refuse any pressing invitations from forest
and stream. It probably could be proved that the Summer
vacation custom is advantageous to employers as well as to
the employed, since it enables the latter to give better service
to the former than would a vacation passed as it most likely
would be in Winter.

“KNOW-YOUR-CITY” CLUBS

HERE is much that might be accomplished through

“‘know-your-own-city”’ clubs. In the smaller cities
throughout the country the task of gathering sociological
data as a working basis should not prove an especially diff-
cult one. Such clubs should meet at stated intervals and
concentrate major effort upon some one civic problem that
through energetic and well-directed effort might be solved
to the betterment of the conditions it affected. In connec-
tion with this work, an outline map of the city wherein such
a club might be located would be an invaluable aid, when
properly charted to indicate slum sections, factories, amuse-
ment places, etc., in planning a study of the cities we live
in and in our united efforts to make them clean and decent.

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1912

WHITE TOWN CARS

Built Particularly For Women
Slee White Forty Coupe is the pioneer woman’s

gasoline car. To the woman who drives, it offers
the touring radius and flexible speed of the gasoline
roadster, combined with the comfort, safety, and ease
of operation of the electric brougham.

The left-side drive admits of easy access to the
driving wheel from the curb. The White Electrical
Starter, positive under all conditions, not only is oper-
ated by one simple motion from the seat, but also
renders impossible the inconvenience of the engine
being accidentally stalled. The lighting of the car,
electric throughout, is likewise controlled from the
driving seat.

™ ms © The first of its kind, the White Coupe is the recog-
Sach nition of woman’s demand for a clean, safe motor car-
riage for town and suburban use, having the grace,
speed, and radius of travel which only a gasoline car
can give. White Coupes are built in Thirty, Forty,
and Sixty horsepower models.

AUNAUUULONUNUNDLY Manufacturers of

Trucks and Taxicabs.

HUH

aL SS TM

BA \
l { |
aN Zi
h Ws

Mi)

Att
A
rees|||
ier \

_—

MES"AND GARDEN

al la

SONGeesaNi Ss FOR OCTOBER, 1971 2

CELSO CIRG See bie hy a ot grote PRU es Fe CMe eer Frontispiece

Seep RD eMEDING OE VDRICK «oe ac hse bcs de oR Me kee ee ye By Robert H. Van Court 339
FALL PLANTING FOR THE PERMANENT FLOWER GARDEN............. By Gardner Teall 344
EAOUSE AT READING, MASSACHUSETTS... ...:...0.02... 0.00% By Mary H. Northend 349
PMCWNT ELEASANDT - ON“DHE SCHUYLKIEL.... 60.8045: By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 351
SOME PERGOLAS OF PLEASING DESIGN AND PROPORTIONS. ...... 0.00 0c ce eeee eee 354-355
ee MUEUSIDES EIONME EN CADIFORNIAs © 00. on ee hee ee ee ees By Margaret Craig 356
PIPE CREORM ALE LANDING 80502 nga be ne Ue de bea ba vena By Ida D. Bennett 359
MERI er ABLE We LIWASANTS£.5 o405 5 6 hs oe ae ae hod sc ae cee ces By E. I. Farrington 364
WITHIN THE House:
ON nse (SMG iG ee ee ce, ee By Harry Martin Yeomans 366
AROUND THE GARDEN:
SerovermmmtnerGarden: Garden Labels... Fe: dots eo noc od ceeded aes 368
HELPs To THE HousEWIFE:
Developing, Elabitseim the Child... cc oe es pe wine ee eda By Elizabeth Atwood 370
Deis SNDIE MIDS ING MRUITS 22 fe oe bee ee oe wb bee By Phebe Westcott Humphreys 372
The White Egg Hens New Books Fditor’s Note Book

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President VEwWENeNeis. GG . OF 4 Inc. Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

Oler pete mans oe mas Ola nso sO)

Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co., Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.,
un ma Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but “‘American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself
responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted

mae

TES)

Photograph by Nathan R. Graves

With the passing of Summer-time the memory of such a beautiful garden as the one here pictured should inspire our interest in Fall planting

The Building of Brick

By Robert H. Van Court

more frequently built of brick? At first
thought one might feel like replying that
many of them are so built, but a moment’s
reflection and a mental survey of the suburbs,
even the most beautiful, with which he may
be familiar will convince him that in only a very few in-
stances, comparatively, is the suburban or country home
constructed of brick unless the house be much larger and
more costly than the average.

If the vast majority of our suburban houses are of wood,
it is very largely because wood is the cheapest material with
which to build. Perhaps it would be more correct to say

Brickwork improves in esthetic aspect with age.

The old house of brick invariably possesses a charm peculiar to itself

that the imitial cost 1s much less than that of any other build-
ing material. ‘This is an age that has encouraged shams—
in the striving for the maximum effect at the minimum cost
—of building for to-day rather than for to-morrow and of
being satisfied with what is attractive and temporarily effec-
tive, rather than of striving for what is intrinsically good
and will grow more beautiful and consequently more valu-
able with the passing of time. In order to obtain rooms of
a given number and size and furnishings of a certain sort,
so many home-builders have in times past been willing to
substitute frame for brick as the material with which to build.

Then, too, brick is not more generally used because it is
not quite thoroughly understood in America. The country

Pad é

enn ee

™s

¥
i
Ly
i
~ ~
—

340

has been very quickly settled and built up—villages have
rapidly grown into cities—and brick has been seized upon
and used chiefly because it is the least expensive material,
the use of which will comply with the municipal building
laws. The result is that it has been so extensively used
for constructing factories and other unsightly buildings, that
the very mention of a brick house brings to mind some
hideous structure with which one may be familiar. Still
another reason is, that until very recently our architects
have given very little attention to the study of brick build-
ings. Too often it has been regarded as a cheap substi-
tute for stone and thus forced into a use for which it is not
adapted, for we seem to have forgotten that brick has had
a long and honorable history and possesses an entire school
of traditions of its own. We may think of the beautifully
mellow and time-stained brickwork of Italy, France and
England, and sigh because such effects belong to other coun-
tries and bygone ages, forgetting that much of the grace
and beauty of such building may be ours if we will but use
the materials at hand with which to create it.

Many of us think that wood is the cheapest of building
material, but, after all, is it? The initial cost is the least,
but a frame building begins almost at once to demand re-
pairs, and these repairs become more and more costly as
the age of the house increases. It must be painted every
year or two to keep it in presentable order, and any failure
to make these repairs promptly results in a rapid deprecia-
tion in value. A frame house is difficult to heat and to
heat it at all involves a heavy outlay for fuel, while in
Summer it is much warmer than a house of brick and con-
sequently much less comfortable. A frame building is of

Here we

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

see a careful arrangement of material, combining

October, 1912

course highly inflammable and insurance companies have
learned to their cost, that a frame house once on fire is al-
most invariably a complete wreck and therefore a loss, and
their rates for insurance are naturally higher. In a few
years the added cost of these items may amount to much
more than the difference between what the house cost and
what it would have cost had it been built of brick or even
of stone.

Then, too, thi: frame house is subject to constant depre-
ciation in value. \ wooden house ten years’ old generally
looks its age, anc if it were for sale would not bring any-
thing like its cost. A brick house, on the contrary, becomes
more beautiful with the passing years, and therefore in-
creases in value. One can hardly find a frame house one
hundred years old, but brick buildings one thousand years’
old are numerous, and apparently as strong and serviceable
as ever. It might be suggested that we are building our
homes for ourselves, and not for our descendants of one
hundred or one thousand years hence; but why not build
the best for ourselves, particularly when the best costs only
a very little more than something not so good?

Next to frame, the cheapest material of which to build is
stucco in some one of its various forms. Stucco, of course,
is not a new building material, but its adaptation to modern
country and suburban building is quite recent. The use of
stucco which just now finds wide acceptance requires that it
be applied directly to tile or terra cotta blocks or else ap-
plied to wire lath or metal netting which is stretched upon
a framework of wood. This method of building is so new
that there has not yet been time to fully test its efficacy, but
it may be said that so far the stucco has shown a tendency

artistically proportioned woodwork and brick construction

October, 1912

to “peel off... The tiling or wire lathing to which it is fixed
expands or contracts, of course, with heat or cold, and this
naturally causes cracks in the stucco which is necessarily
rigid. The smallest crack will let in moisture which hastens
the process of destruction. Walls thus built of stucco re-
quire constant repairing, and much patching which leaves
unsightly blotches and differences of color. Some of our
friends will tell us that stucco is one of the most ancient and
durable of building materials, and will point to various
stucco structures in Europe or South America which have
attained a great age. If stucco has endured for years in
these cases, it is because it has been applied to stone or
brick, and even then it is sometimes known to require con-
siderable repairing. No one seems to claim durability as
one of the advantages of our use of stucco. Its chief points
seem to be that it is fresh, cool looking, inexpensive and
easily applied.

Stone is almost always the most beautiful and most deco-
rative of building materials, but unfortunately it is nearly
everywhere the most expensive both in its original cost and
in its application. Only in certain places are there quarries
of stone suitable for building purposes, and freight on a
substance so weighty must be taken into consideration. Then
the quarrying and the cutting which is almost always neces-
sary is another exceedingly costly item and all this expense
is incurred before the material has reached the scene of
building operations or before the actual construction has
been begun, and the cost of labor in building a house of
stone is necessarily quite high. Wood is rapidly becoming
less and less of a factor in home-building. The forests,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

341

which were once thought almost inexhaustible have disap-
peared before the ruthless campaign of the sawmill and its
‘lumber king,” and forestration, which might afford a rem-
edy, is too recent a science to be of any practical help. Then
there are vast districts where no lumber could be produced,
and the cost of importing lumber or bringing it from a dis-
tant part of the country would be excessive. So each year
finds the proportion of frame houses smaller and smaller.

We now come to the subject of brick as a building ma-
terial. It seems to answer every demand. Being made of clay,
it can be and is produced in almost every part of the coun-
try. It has been subjected for days to a furious heat while
being baked and is therefore fireproof, and its use keeps
down the insurance rate. A brick house is not difficult to
heat and the fuel bill will be one-third less than if the house
be frame, and being cooler in Summer, it is more comfort-
able during the heated periods of our trying American
Summers. But our homes are now being built for beauty
as well as for comfort, and economy now has a meaning
other than mere cheapness, for what is merely cheap and
ugly, and uncomfortable because cheap, is really after all
the most costly in many ways—all this by way of preamble
to saying that brick is the most beautifying and satisfying
building material within the average man’s means.

Let us suppose that the prospective builder fully realizes
that brick possesses so many advantages, material as well as
artistic, that he is prepared to pay the added cost, charging
the difference against the credit item created by the reduction
in the cost of heating, insurance, painting, repair and general
upkeep. He finds a vast array of styles awaiting his selection

IS Selb las et Saat id Ln oe es a ee he ae

Brickwork will often give to stucco houses just that note of distinction which cement surfaces often require to relieve their flatness

342

aR a ys

%
&

LSE RS RIES Ds Bal

Much may be learned from a study of early examples of American brick houses.

oughly well suited to the material of the facades.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

od
oe
ve
ie
pal

October, 1912

P34 tiated Lt He

‘

{

Here one sees the exquisite example of a doorway thor-

The brick house that is properly set in the midst of surrounding trees forms an attrac-

tive note in any landscape

—the variety is fascinating, for if we except Gothic, which
is to a great extent a style adapted only for buildings of
stone and which in any case is rarely if ever used for do-
mestic architecture, there is no style of building which can-
not be suitably interpreted in brick and for which precedent
and tradition do not offer examples. The Italian style
which just now is so deservedly popular is more frequently

and perhaps more properly developed in brick than in any-
thing else. The English and German domestic types find
their most beautiful expression in cottages of brick, and the
very words suggest pictures of time-worn, ivy-covered houses
of half timber which are beautiful, not in spite of their age,
but because of it, and usually these cottages are of brick

‘of some of the many kinds which the old builders under-

October, 1912

stood so well and_ with
which they wrought so lov-
ingly.

Brick is particularly inter-
esting as a building material
because it possesses a certain
“human” element. It seems
to respond to almost any
architectural humor, grave
or gay, and is quite as
pleasing and beautiful of
plain dark red modestly
trimmed with white stone at
Independence Hall, as when
of pale buff with diaper pat-
tern subtly suggested by
darker headers at Madison
Square Garden. This “re-
sponsive” quality renders its
application to domestic build-
ing particularly successful
for brick, seems to sustain the note in which the home is
set, whether it be the dignified beauty and reticence of
English Tudor or Jacobean, or the more intimate cottage
styles of Germany or France. It is particularly adapted
for building homes in what we call the ‘‘Colonial’’ styles,
for brick was used in all the American colonies where such
expense could be met and excellent examples of such build-
ings are readily recalled, from the Hancock house in Bos-
ton, to the Dutch architecture of New York with its houses
of brick “brought from Holland,” then through Maryland
and Virginia with their stately brick manor houses to the
French and Spanish buildings of Louisiana.

The texture of the brick made to-day is of great variety,
and even a greater variety of coloring is obtainable, rang-
ing from the palest gray or buff through all the long range
of colors into the deeper browns and greens which shade
imperceptibly into black. Between these extremes there
are the most beautiful shades of grays, tans and blues, and
every color imaginable, and the variety in size and shape
is very nearly as great as the variety in coloring and texture.
Besides all this there are many different methods of using
brick—an endless number of “bonds” adapted or borrowed
from antiquity which produce effects of light and shade by
projecting or recessing certain courses or even certain units

BLieee (Sree

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

An excellent type of the house of brick and stucco combined

343

of decoration to produce
variety of effect. More beau-
tiful than all these, however,
are the wonderful results ob-
tained by combining brick
with mosaic, tiles, terra
cotta, majolica or the other
materials in which bas re-
lief or modeled ornament is
produced. The building of
plaques or panels of ivory-
tinted plaster or colored ma-
jolica into walls of rough-
surfaced brick of a different
color produces effects al-
most unbelievable.

But the advantages of
brick as a material of which
to construct the house, are
not confined to its use in ex-
ternal work, for some of the
most interesting and distinctive uses for brick are for in-
teriors. Some particularly beautiful vestibules are being
paved, lined and ceiled or vaulted with vari-colored brick,
and an especially interesting example is found in New York,
where the beauty of a wonderful facade of brick in mediaeval
color effect is repeated and emphasized in the treatment of a
large and deep vestibule or hall where the idea of inex-
pensive richness worked out in brick is developed in a most
wonderful way. Brick in many forms is used for flooring
terraces, verandas and pergolas, and it is often used for
halls, libraries or dining-room, or in other rooms where a
solid and dignified effect is desirable, but even more suc-
cessful is its use for the facing and lining of fireplaces and
even for building mantels. There are perhaps no more
successful mantels being made than those which are con-
structed wholly of brick, especially made in suitable design,
size and shape, and merely set in place by the workman.
The corbels or brackets which support the shelf are of
brick, and the shelf is frequently one very large thin brick.
One might suppose that this would produce a very rough,
crude effect much more suitable for a mountain camp or
a bungalow in the woods, than for a suburban or country
home, but just the opposite effect has been secured in sey-

(Continued on page 3%2)

No material offers a better contrast to vines and flowering plants than that of good brickwork, forming, as it does, just the proper background

SS NE EE EC LT. £

for the green of growing things

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October, 1912

J $s
cf

Perennials and of Annuals, near Cornish, New Hampshire.

This season’s Fall planting should produce a garden as in-

teresting as this one

Fall Planting for the Permanent Flower Garden

By Gardner Teall
Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and Nathan R. Graves

APPILY the time is passed when the Ameri-
can home garden-maker simply looked upon
the patch of ground at his disposal as being
merely a bit of practice acreage in which, as
fancy dictated, he might plant here and
there a few seeds of flowers or of vege-
tables in haphazard confusion or skimpy orderliness, feeling
that the whole matter was one of experiment, and that fail-
ure on the part of the seeds to produce what was expected
of them, or even to come up at all, was not attended with
any disappointments of serious consequence. That was the
time when the man of the house attended to the buying of
vegetable seeds, leaving to the housewife all things con-
nected with the seeding of the flower garden. I do not know
why it is that our grandfathers and our grandmothers
should have looked upon all gardening as a pursuit to be
divided between themselves; why the raising of vegetables
should have been considered a manly occupation or recre-
ation and the growing of flowers not, but that is as it seems
to have been until comparatively a few years ago. Now,
fortunately, the joys of gardening are shared alike by
master and mistress, the children, the young and the old, and
a statesman may wax enthusiastic over his garden of rare
pinks or a milliner over her bed of asparagus without any

7 Wy) A
Se Y/ \

one’s criticizing the choice of either in garden planting.

Nowadays, we do not confine our efforts to Springtime
visits to the grocery store for a package of Petunia seed, a
parcel of Sweet Peas, or an envelope of Candytuft, content
to sprinkle in over a little dirt in a bed that occupies a cor-
ner of the “yard,” sighing the while that we cannot seem
to raise the good old flowers to the state of perfection they
reached in the old-time gardens of ante-bellum days, of
Colonial memories; instead we are happy to have discov-
ered the difference between those flowers which have to be
planted every year—the Annuals—and those others—the
Perennials—which will continue to come up season after
season from the original stock when once the seeds take
root, and we have come to plan for permanent gardens, that
shall fill our hearts with the joyousness their beauty will
lend throughout the season when Nature dons her loveliest
raiment. We have come, too, to understand that just stick-
ing a seed or two or a root into the ground anywhere is not
all there is to gardening. Year after year our study of the
A, B, C of home outdoor floriculture initiates us into the
simple mysteries of garden craft, so that our gardens to-day
are as lovely as those that ever gladdened the sight of the
American home garden-makers of the early period.

Fall planting is an important part of the maintenance

October, 1912 AMERICAN
of the home garden. There are not
in the whole realm of the Goddess
Flora flowers more exquisite than
the hardy species that lend them-
selves so admirably to permanent
planting—the Sweet Williams, Del-
phiniums, Foxgloves, Canterbury
Bells, Pyrethrum, Montbretia, Iris,
Hollyhocks, Anemones, Primroses,
Saxifrage and the like. October
should be a busy month in every
garden, for this is an excellent time
for dividing old roots, re-arranging
the clumps of hardy Perennials
where these need it, of filling gaps
in hardy borders, and of setting out
new hardy plants. Perhaps one of
the commonest mistakes made by the
garden beginner is to assume that a
small garden requires small plants
and that tall-growing and large
flowering plants are out of place in
any but a large garden. We have
only to recall the wondrous beauty of the English cottage
gardens that seem to be bursting with their glow of Holly-
hocks, Larkspurs, Sunflowers and Chrysanthemums, to real-
ize how lovely a tiny garden planted with striking flowers
may be. To this article is appended a table showing, in a
general way the height attained by various flowers suitable
for Fall planting when these have reached their maturity.
Not one of the plants in this list would be out of place in
the small home garden if properly placed. Under “‘loca-

ONES! AND GARDENS

| Golden Glow (Rudbeckia Laciniata) a

345

tion’ those that require full sunlight
have that fact indicated by the word
“sunny,” and those that require less
sunshine by the words “less sunny,”
though the garden beginner must
never expect success with plants that
hardly receive the sunlight at all.
When planning for Fall planting
one must take into consideration the
fact that inasmuch as the hardy Per-
ennials are to form a garden that
will, in all probability, remain un-
altered for some years (so far as its
essentials are concerned), it will be
seen how necessary it is that such
gardens be prepared with the great-
est care and thought of their future
aspect. First of all thorough drain-
age must be assured after which
manure must be worked into the
earth to some depth, preferably
three feet. A good way to prepare
beds and borders for permanent
Perennials is to dig a trench the size of the bed or border
to the depth of three feet covering the floor of it with a
five-inch layer of rubble to assist drainage, and a couple
of inches of coarse ashes above this, filling up the trench
with the bedding composed of loam, manure and sand.
This will make an admirable soil for setting out the hardy
plants. Of course the earth of newly-prepared beds and
borders will settle somewhat and will have to be evened
off later by filling. Where it is not possible to give to the

Clumps of the lovely Bellflower (Campanula persicifolia) combine well with lawn shrubbery

346

beds and borders such thorough pre-
paration one must still be sure that the
soil in which the plants are set is not
poor or sour and fertilizer should be
worked in where needed, although it
must be remembered that the soil
should not be over rich.

Seedlings grown from July sowing
should be set out without delay in
order that they may become estab-
lished in their new environment be-
fore the setting in of Winter. In this
connection let the home _ garden-
maker, remember that although Fall
planting is now. generally recom-
mended, it is wiser in those localities
where the Winters are long and se-
vere, to defer planting until Spring-
time as it often happens that the sea-
son of snow and ice sets in too early
in such places for the newly-planted
Perennials to get their start ahead of
the severity of the climate. ‘There is
an advantage in Fall planting that should always be taken
into account. October does not find one as rushed as does
the month of May for in the Spring the home garden-
maker (who usually has only a limited amount of time to
devote to planting and garden cultivation) finds the plan-
ning of the seeded beds quite enough to take up all of his
leisure moments.

When working in an established hardy garden, for the
purpose of removing and dividing the roots of old plants,
one must take care not to damage any clumps of Bulbs
which might remain hidden in the soil. As one garden lover
put it: ‘Roots are to be fished out, not to be speared!”” In
digging up a clump of herbaceous roots, for resetting or

Perennial Phlox

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Centaurea

October, 1912

for division, all dead shoots clinging
thereto should be cut away. It
is needless to say that all roots
should be handled tenderly. The
garden beginner will come to learn
that there is no general rule that can
be taught him for properly separating
old root clump into numerous parts,
which, when set out, themselves multi-
ply in rootlets and themselves become
sturdy clumps in the course of a few
seasons again to be divided and reset.
The garden-maker must use his judg-
ment and learn by experience and the
intuition that will probably come to his
aid just how he may cut or break up
an established clump of roots into a
number of settings for fresh culture.
This process of root division refreshes
the stock of any hardy garden. If
the old plants were not lifted season
after season, they would eventually
form root-masses that would over-

crowd the beds and borders. Moreover such plants
as the Iris would form a hard root-mass_ which
would give out a circle of leaves and _ flower-stems

leaving the center bare, thus forming unsightly patches of
bare earth in the gardens.

Fortunately for the garden-maker, Perennials present
species adapted both for very sunny, half-sunny and shaded
locations, thus offering a wide range of planting material
both in low-growing Perennials and in those of taller
growth. Again there are Perennials that thrive in rich soil,
those that are best adapted to clayey soil and still others
that do very well in sandy soil.

Among the hardy Perennials that require less sunlight

October, 1912

than the class in general are the follow-
ing interesting species: Monkshoods,
Aremones, Primroses, Violets, Saxa-
frage, Funkia, Bleeding-heart, Lily-of-
the-Valley, Day Lilies, Hepatica, Vin-
ca and others that will be found in the
table appended to this article.

Of the Perennials of low growth are
to be mentioned Arabis, Aubrietia,
Hepatica, Bellis Perennis and Myo-
sotis, in connection with which it is
worth noting that the earliest Per-
ennials do not, as a rule, attain as
great a height as those which bloom
after June. None of the species just
mentioned attain a height of more
than six or eight inches. In arranging
a border or a bed of hardy herbacious
plants the table appended should
prove useful inasmuch as the garden-
maker can there see at a glance the
various heights to which the Peren-
nials listed attain and place, can, there-
fore, place them in the garden with reference to the taller
species forming a background for those of lower growth.

When arranging the permanent garden succession of
bloom must also be taken into consideration. In those
states where Spring brings forth growing things at an early
date one may look for Adonis, Columbine, Arabis, He-
patica and Trillium to blossom; in May for other varieties
cf Aquilegia, for Anemones, Bellis Perennis, Iris, Prim-
rose, Campanula, etc.; in June for Iris, Lychnis, Pop-
pies, Scabioso, Spirea Trollius, Veronica, etc.; in July
for Achillea; Centaurea, Funkia, Heliopsis, Stokesia, Ver-
onica. Virginica, etc.; in August for Asclepias, Boltonia,
Helianthus, Rudbeckia, etc.; in September, for Aconitum,

Delphinium

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Agee

347

Aster Amellus,. Chrysanthemum,
Lobelia, Phlox Paniculata, Veronica
Longifolia, Seduin, etc., and in October
Aconitum Autumnale, Aremone Jap-
onica, Chrysanthemum, etc., all these
species flowering somewhat according
to the climatic conditions in the matter
of time.

Another matter for thought in plan-
ning the permanent garden is that of
color. One would not care to have
monotony in this respect, therefore it
is always well to plan carefully the
color-scheme of the garden-to-be as it
will appear from month to month, al-
ways striving to have each month’s ar-
ray of flowers present sufficient variety
in the matter of color contrast, as this
color contrast is a matter which is of
great importance in the planning of a
fine garden. Man has spent so
much of his time in specializing, of se-
gregating floral types, varieties and
colors that the garden beginner can easily go astray if he
selects his plants with reference to species only. Indeed
the modern garden maker must be something of an artist.
It is not enough that things planted come up, grow, thrive
and endure that a garden will be evolved; in the true sense
of the word a garden must be a spot where growing things
give one a sense of enjoyment. All the flowers in the world
wrongly placed hardly would do that, even though, in their
entirity, they suggested pleasurable individual types. No,

the true garden-maker must be an arranger of flowers as
well as a putter-in-the-earth of plants, for he must select
from Flora’s palette such flowers as represent the wealth of
color Nature has placed within range of his skilful hand.

348

NAME

Aconitum (Monkshood)
Aquilegia (Columbine)
Alkanet (see Anchusa)

Anchusa (Alkanet)

Blazing Star (see Liatris)
Bleeding-Heart (see Dicentra)
California Tree Poppy (see Romneya)
Campanula (Canterbury Bells)
Canterbury Bells (see Campanula)
Cardinal Flower (Lobelia)

Centaurea
Chrysanthemum

Columbine (see Aquilegia)
Convallaria (Lily-of-the-Valley)
Day Lily (see Hemerocallis)
Delphinium (Larkspur)
Dianthus (Sweet William) .
Dicentra (Bleeding-Heart)
Dictamus (Gas Plant)

English Daisy
Foxglove
igbbaicle) Gonoanog

Gas Plant (see Dictamnus)
Golden Glow (see Rudbeckia)
Helianthus (Sunflower)
Hemerocallis (Day Lily)

Hepatica

Hibiscus (Marsh Mallow)

Tris

Larkspur (see Delphinium)

Liatris (Blazing Star)
Lily-of-the-Valley (see Convallaria)
Loosestrife (see Lysimachia)

Ittgopbss Goocosdod
TEViCHMNIAS tes eierei

Lysimachia (Loosestrife)
March Mallow (Hibiscus)
Monkshood (see Aconitum)

ew GshoooseDe
Phlox, Perennia

Platyeodon (Bellflower)

Poppy, Perennial
Primrose (Primula)

Primula (sce Primrose)

Ranunculus
Romneya

Rudbeckia (Golden Glow)

Saxifrage

siahveeh: Goodoancocood
Stokesia

Sunflower

Sweet William (see Dianthus)

Trillium
Trollius
Tritoma
Valerian
Veronica
Vinca
Violet

White to

COLOR

Blue
Various
Blue
Blue
White to Deep Pink
Blue
Purple
Pink and White
White
W hite-Blue- Pink
White-Blue- Pink
Scarlet
White-Blue- Yellow
Various
Various
White
Yellow to Orange
W hite-Blue- Pink

White to Red & Purple

Pink and White
White
White-Pink
Pink-White
White
White
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow to Orange
Lilac toy Blue
Rose- White
White-Yellow-Blue
White-Blue- Pink
Purple
White
White- Yellow
White-Blue-Pink
White to Red
White-Yellow
Rose- White
Blue
Various
Various
Blue
Various
Primrose- Yellow
Primrose- Yellow
White
White
Yellow
White-Yellow-Pink
White-Rose
Blue
Yellow

White-Pink
Yellow to Orange
Yellow-Orange-Red

Pink-Rose

Blue- Purple

Blue

Violet-White

Red & Purple

SEASON

June
May-July
Through Summer
Through Summer
August-October
July-August
June-July
May
July
June-July
June-July
August-September
Through Summer
September-November
May-July
May
September
Through Summer
Through Summer
May
May-July
June-July
June-July
July-August
May-July
July-August
July-September
September
May
July-August
May-July
Through Summer
June-July
May
July
June
June-August
July
July-August
June
May-October
July-September
July-August
June
May
May
May
July
July-August
May-June
May
July-August
July-September
Through Summer
May
May-August
Late
July-October
July-August
May
May

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS.

LOCATION

Less Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Less Sunny
Less Sunny

Sweet William

October, 1912

Creeping
4-6 in.

October, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES

Road front of a house at Reading, Massachusetts, which has been cleverly planned to fit its sloping site

AND GARDENS

SS Nata:

NON

=< \

’
Gia Gait maven!

reac

os.

rah A A. i is si =

&
e

A House at Reading, Massachusetts

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the Author

ROWNING tthe crest of slightly rising
ground at Reading, Massachusetts, in the
midst of grassland surroundings, plentifully
interspersed with slender birch trees, stands
the home of Mr. H. H. Boardman. The
house, designed by Messrs. Adden &
Parker, architects, of Boston, is admirably located with
a view to showing its exterior to the best possible advant-
age. In type the dwelling is a modification of the Dutch-
Colonial model, and it depends for distinctiveness upon
its own individual-
ity. It is built along
broad, roomy lines,
with deep over-
hanging roof ac- ~
centuating its length-

and width, and its

several features

add interest to its

rather plain foun-

dation. Dormer in-

sertions here and

there, equipped with small-paned casement windows, re-
lieve the broad sweep of the deep-pitched roof, and addi-
tions at either side of the main body of the dwelling in the

{==

Covered
Prazza

Dinira
Fit,

First and second floor plans

form of porches, lend character, and at the same time serve
special purposes. The porch on the right is screened in dur-
ing the Summer months and fitted up as an open air living-
room, while the one on the left affords access to the service
department. Other exterior features are the long, wide,
uncovered veranda at the rear, and the outdoor sleeping
porch, opening from an interior chamber.

The house is built upon a fieldstone foundation, with
frame superstructure covered with shingles, and in coloring
is cream for the bedy with dark brown for the trim. In
shape, it is nearly
square at the front,
with porch project-
ions as mentioned,
while at the rear it
is somewhat irregu-

Sleenin
Balioni,

lar in contour,
though wholly har-
monious. The win-

dow arrangement is
particularly good.
No set form of in-
sertion has been followed, though due regard has been
paid to balance, and in consequence the windows assume
character, and lend distinction by their independence.

eee

Plenty of light and air were
primary considerations in the
planning of this dwelling,
and the results sought have
been attained through this
very ‘feature of. excellent
window placing.

The approach from the
main road is along a grav-
eled path, flanked on either
side by broad strips of close-
cropped lawn. The main
‘entrance is dignified by a
recessed porch, shaded by a
slanting hood, above which
is a shelf effect, burdened in
the Summer season with a
box of gay colored blossoms.
From within the porch, a
broad door, with quaint
small-paned window flank-
ings, opens upon the hall-
way, which extends the en-
tire width of the house,
Opening’ at the rear “on: to
the back veranda. In char-
acter, this apartment is
strongly suggestive of Colon-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The road front

October, 1912

The garden side

ial influence. A simple stair-
way, with mahogany outline
rail, rises at one side, the
landing lighted by a broad
window, beneath which ex-
tends a built-in seat, and the
equipment includes some few
fine mahogany pieces. To
the left and right open the
main apartments, and near
the rear a door connects
with the kitchen. The color
scheme is grey and white
with a bit of soft pink in the
wreath design of the wall
hangings, affording a restful
and attractive finish.
Double French doors lead
from the hall to the living-
room, and the same arrange-
ment connects with the din-
ing-room. ‘The living-room
is especially attractive in its
arrangement. Its ample di-
mensions allow of develop-
ment along comfortable lines
without any hint of crowd-
(Continued on page 371)

The entrance alice

AMERICAN

October, 1912

“Mount Pleasant

HOMES

AND GARDENS | ae

The lawn front of “Mount Pleasant,” one of Philadelphia’s most noted Colonial manor-houses

on the Schuylkill

A Famous Old Philadelphia Home Now Preserved Within the Precincts of Fairmount Park

By Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner

OUNT PLEASANT” is fitly so named.
Surely no pleasanter place for habitation
j4|| could be found than the spot where this
4) stately Eighteenth Century house rears its
balustraded roof above a sea of surround-
ing greenery. On the crest of an eminence
at a bend of the river, the site commands a broad view up-
stream and down and over the wooded slopes of the farther
shore. Though in Summer the density of the foliage some-
what obscures the prospect, at other
seasons, when the trees are less fully
clad, the eye sweeps the valley for miles.
Then it is, as once noble country-seats
are seen crowning every hill, that one
feels how ample and almost’ princely
must have been the manner of life that
prevailed there in the long-past days
when the city was still far distant from
these sylvan fastnesses. Society was
gayer, more polished and wealthier
hereabouts than in most other parts of
the Colonies, and the affluence and cul-
ture of persons of substance and quality
were reflected by the houses in which
they chose to spend their Summers or
where, sometimes, they lived the year
round. The high, rolling lands on both
banks of the Schuylkill invited the
establishment of plantations by the
foremost citizens, the unsurpassed love-
liness of the scene was an ever-present

The entrance facade is one of the finest early
architectural examples in America

joy, while the waters of the stream supplied an agreeable
element of life and, at the same time, yielded an abundance
of the best of fish to grace the boards of gentry notoriously
addicted to the pleasures of the table.

In one of the choicest spots of this fair paradise of peace
and plenty, Captain John Macpherson bought land in Sep-
tember, 1761, and set to building a great house of almost
baronial aspect that commands consideration by its architec-
tural presence alone, quite apart from the rich historic
glamour that hangs over it. From the
west or river front of the house the
land falls away rapidly so that the ap-
proach by the driveway leads to the
east front. ast and west fronts are
alike of imposing mien. A high founda-
tion of carefully squared stones is
pierced by iron-barred basement win-
dows set in stone frames. Above this
massive grisly base the thick walls
of stone are coated with yellow-gray
rough cast. Heavy quoins of brick at
the corners and, at the north and south
ends of the building, great quadruple
brick chimneys, joined into one by
arches at the top, give the structure an
air of more than usual solidity. <A
broad flight of stone steps, whose iron
balustrades are overgrown with a bushy
mass of honeysuckle, leads up to a
doorway of generous breadth. The
pillars at each side of the door and the

352

End view of ‘Mount Pleasant’

super-imposed pediment, the ornate Palladian window im-
mediately above on the second floor and, above that again,
the corniced pediment springing from the eaves, all con-
tribute to set a stamp of courtly distinction upon the pile,
a distinction for which only Georgian architecture has found
utterance. Above the second floor the hipped roof springs
pierced, east and west, by two graceful dormers and
crowned by a well-turned balustrade that traverses nearly
the whole distance between the chimneys. The fan light
over the door has remarkably heavy fluted mullions, and
all the detail throughout the house, though highly wrought,
is heavy, as it was wont to be at the precise period when
“Mount Pleasant” was erected.

If one were asked, however, to say what it is before all
else that gives a peculiarly striking appearance to ‘Mount
Pleasant,” the answer would straightway indicate the two
flanking outbuildings set thirty or forty feet distant from
the northeast and southeast corners of the house. Though
designed for servants’ quarters and various domestic offices,
these two-story hipped-roof buildings are made of the same
material and finished with the same care as the rest of the
house. Without them ‘“‘Mount Pleasant”? would be only an
unusually handsome Georgian country house; with them it
at once takes on the manorial port of one of the old Vir-
ginia mansions. Beyond the drive-girt circle before the
house shaded by a mighty spreading sycamore, and at some
distance from either side of the road, are two barns. The
grouping is impressive and eloquent of the state maintained
by the Colonial occupants of this truly noble seat.

The history of ‘Mount Pleasant” is not less engaging
than its aspect. Captain Macpherson is one of the most
picturesque personages to be met with in the picturesque
pages of Colonial history. Sprung from the Macphersons
of Clunie in Scotland, he left his native country and fol-
lowed the sea, coming out to America at what time is not
exactly known. He first came into prominent notice in
Philadelphia, however, in 1757, when he took command of
the privateer “Britannia.” After many vicissitudes of for-
tune and numerous engagements with the French, from
whom he made not a few brilliant and profitable captures,
he succeeded in amassing a goodly fortune and then came
back to rest from his seafaring, a rich man for those days.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October, 1912

With a part of the spoils of his privateering he built
“‘Clunie,” as he at first named his estate after the seat of his
clan. The name ‘‘Clunie” he subsequently changed, how-
ever, to ‘‘Mount Pleasant,” the title it still bears. Here he
lived in a manner becoming a man of his substance, exer-
cising an hospitality that won the commendation of John
Adams, who never failed to chronicle the good things he
there had to eat and drink. A man of intense activity, Mac-
pherson busied himself by inventing various contrivances,
one of which was a device for moving brick or stone houses
bodily—a piece of mechanism that worked successfully. An-
other fruit of his ingenuity was an “elegant cot which bids
defiance to everything but Omnipotence.” The occupant,
according to the Captain’s assertion, was warranted immun-
ity from flies, mosquitoes or any other entomoligical irri-
tant. In his later years he gave lectures on astronomy, pub-
lished papers on moral philosophy, and issued the first
Philadelphia city directory (1785), wherein he took occa-
sion to express his personal pique at those that proved un-
communicative to his canvassing queries. He has, for in-
stance, under the ‘“‘C’s” a whole regiment of ‘Cross wo-
men” with the numbers of their houses. A truly novel way
of getting revenge!

Wearying of the seclusion of “Mount Pleasant,” and
longing again for the smell of the sea, at the outbreak of
the Revolution this gallant, but eccentric gentleman, applied
to the Marine Committee of the Continental Congress for
the chief command of the navy, a post for which his past
achievements bespoke favorable consideration. Despite his
importunities to gain his point, however, the honor was
given to another. After Macpherson left ‘“Mount Pleas-
ant’ he leased it to Don Juan de Merailles, the Spanish
Ambassador, and finally, in the Spring of 1779, sold it to
General Benedict Arnold, who lived there much of the time
for more than a year after his marriage to Peggy Shippen.
It was at “Mount Pleasant”? that he and his bride gave
some of those entertainments that increased the cavilling
and carping of his enemies and creditors, when his per-
sonal fortunes were sinking into hopeless embarrassment.

After Arnold’s attainder and the confiscation of his prop-
erty, ‘Mount Pleasant” was leased to Baron Steuben, but it
is doubtful whether he ever lived there, as his duties took

The hallway of “Mount Pleasant”

October, 1912

The drawing-room

him to the South at that very time, and when he returned
thence the estate had another tenant. Passing through sev-
eral hands, the property eventually came to General Jona-
than Williams, of Boston, the Revolutionary worthy, who
remained there, and his family after him, till the middle of
the nineteenth century, shortly after which period ‘Mount
Pleasant” and all the surrounding estates were acquired by
the city and made a part of Fairmount Park.

Knowing thus a little of its history, the interior of the
house, where personal memories seem to cling more per-
sistently, can be better appreciated. From the moment you
cross the threshold, fancy, peoples the rooms with a shadowy
throng of those that once dwelt there or came beneath the

SMART TTS 8 GSS aR

AVE RIGAN SOMES -AND GARDENS

This side of ““Mount Pleasant’? commands a view of the Schuylkill River

The upper hall
hospitable roof, when some festive occasion drew them from
the city or the neighboring seats. [here stands the old
Captain in a cocked hat, his armless sleeve hanging limp at
his side; here a courtly personage in satin breeches, velvet
coat and powdered periwig treads a measure with a dame
arrayed in flowered brocade who nods the plumes of her
turban coquettishly at her partner in the minuet; there goes
the gallant Spanish Don in resplendent uniform, and close
behind him follows a martial figure in whose sour comeli-
ness can be recognized the betrayor of his country’s trust.
All these and many more, not forgetting the ebony-faced
and liveried lackeys, discover their presence to our fleeting
(Continued on page 367)

ef i: a's H SRS

SOME PERGOL,
DESIGN AND

AND GARDENS

JW
Se
Ae
ni
age
Pe
O
Or
G)f).

AMERICAN

-~ ~ a1 $ a
RUDRA RESP HEHE sat uh Hit

sp RATT
by > he regspenest

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

October,

The aardet front of ihe attractive Aoase on a hillside near Pasedene California

A Hillside Home in California

By Margaret Craig

S the strength of the fruit goes to make its
seed, seems it that the gifted climate and
unjaded soil of California favor Pasadena
in the development of her garden qualities.
From this it is but a step to provoke the
wealth of design that casts into the mold
of grace those details subordinate to unity that make pos-
sible houses worthy of their favorable surroundings, one
such as is the home of Miss Florence Dwight, built in a
most delightful situation, on a five-acre portion of the
picturesque San Rafael Heights. In trying to designate
the type of this house, where all of its characteristics divulge
neither the Mexican turn nor that of the
bungalow completely, the result leads to
any conclusion almost that you please, and
likely of the favorable sort, for whether
capable of definition or not it is a fact of
architectural loveliness, bearing on the fin-
ished product the stamp of a large origin-
ality.

There are few towns in this country
equal in dimensions to Pasadena, that can
share with her in the distinction of being
highly contributory to types of houses which
are sought as instances of the best for the
expenditure in architectural practice or so
full of ideas adapted to rare garden land-
scape results. Pasadena has been made
popular by views of her large and small
holdings that dot many illustrated pages
of magazines and books, as freely indeed
as the originals themselves have been re-

Steps leading to the entrance-walk

produced on the actual soil of her State and far outlying
districts. AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS itself has been
productive in this direction since numerous examples of

Pasadena’s dwellings and grounds have been described and

illustrated in its pages from time to time.

The interesting house here shown is built on grounds
that have just a sufficient clearance to give variety, without
running into an overprofusion of features.

tion of the house, the owner decided upon the hillside con-
struction which would give greater individuality. In this
the architect, Louis Du P. Millar, of Pasadena, in his
exterior work has been careful, in not to
scatter the effect, nor has he failed to em-

realized in interior designs. Although the
area between the entrance of the house and
the country road is covered with grapevines
and is broken by the long straight path
leading from the gallery to the front door,
and by the carriage drive on either side of
the open space, one has a moment hardly
since entering the charming garden pre-
cincts to note any of its particular motifs,
so uncritical does one feel, or so restful in
the contemplation of general results. But
eventually the garden details become crisp
to the view and then we see built among
them in an effective style, a house of white
plaster with furnishings of dark stained
wood; and with its low-hanging eaves and

1gtT?

Although the .

phasize those fine features that give assur- °
ance of comfort and of taste that should be»

October, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 357

simple white chim-

containing the ob-

neys somewhat car-
rying out in inclusive
effect the idea of the

old Mexican homes.

The plan of the;
grounds as furnished
on this page, shows
an artistic latitude of
accommodation be-.

long pond, or rather,
the formal-pool, and
the doorway pat-
terned after the San-
ta Barbara Mission.
The porch which is
just a few inches
from the ground, is

made of red _ brick,
and a white seat with

tween the rectangu-
lar and the curve.
The uniform tenden-

the severe lines of a

cy to maintain the
former design, which
is shown in the en-
trance-court, kitchen
yard, stairways and
their platforms, and
terraces, would point
to a grounds’ de-
signer betrothed to
a single idea, if he
had not deliberately
chosen to _ intro-
duce the curve just
mentioned, which

skirts the rock-gar-
den and joins the
main terrace and the
space to the right of the north porch, and which makes
the uneven loom of the rock-garden, the dip of the path,
the semi-serpentine bend in the pond and in the walk,
just the shift to variety that was needed to show that
the garden’s lap which receives and holds the variegated
shower of horticulture, must have the essentials of form as
well as of color.

Shaded by graceful olive trees the entrance-way to the
house is most attractive with its little conventional court

Plan of the ground floor and of the terrace

bench is on either
side of the heavy
front door. The

presence of the close-
ly-trimmed box trees,
adds to the decora-
tive effect here and
in various parts of
the ground.

The hallway which
one enters from this
door, runs at right
angles to it, and in fol-
lowing it directly to
the right, one comes
to a bedroom facing
the north porch, and
farther on a larger
one frontward upon the entrance-court. The drawing-room
and the pantry are placed across the hall and all these face
the extensive terrace piazza. To complete this side of the
house are, the screen-porch and the kitchen. To the front
once more, we find another bedroom where one of the
windows gives upon the left side of the entrance-court.
Two bathrooms, linen and other closets, complete the list
of the walled-space features of this floor. The arrangement
of the interior rooms not only guarantees comfort, but

REY TE RRA RO Ae SEITEN POR ie PLE EI FR De

358

permits the
uncongested
placing of
those decora-
tions and fur-
nishings which
creates a per-
vading charm.
By one means
or another,
either apart
from consist-
ency or in ac-
cord with it,
braite-a-t ac,
hangings, pic-
tures, objects
de luxe and
movable piec-
es are fittingly
disposed by
the hand of
one who evi-
dently leans
to both sides

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The quiet Spring pool in the garden is set against a mass of foliage an

d Rese

October, 1912

piece shows
the sure and
persistent
work that has
been accom-
plished in
those serious
and superior
productions
that make for
ordered beau-
ty and repose
in a_ suburb
richly gar-
nished with
portrait bits
reflecting cul-
tivated Pasa-
dena; while
neighborhood
points of con-
spicuous
charm are
seen in the
superb Annan-

in the discussion of whether “symmetry is a sign of decad- dale Golf Links that border our garden, and the attractive

ence in art.” That hand knew the value of the old family
portrait and hung it over the fireplace in the dining-room

matching it vertical in line
with the opening beneath,
then set her ornaments over
the beautiful tile front in
a pleasing, broken adjust-
ment; when as a sort of com-
pensation balance to this,
she posed a framed picture
over another exquisite man-
tel, but this time between
urns and vases that are
placed in studied relation-
ship and to the praise of the
living-room. In the illus-
trated bedroom may be seen
long and imposing curtains
intended as an offset to the
massiveness of the high bed-
stead which stands in all the
dignity of heavy carving as
though grazing a ceiling at
right to be here.

An all-round view of the horizon beyond this five-acre

The living-room

Versailles, while proving its

The dining-room

“Hill Farm” which broadly adjoins it. A photograph
shows a straight path and steps leading to a columned

structure stretching as clean
and neat as if out of an
English enclosure. Another,
shows a pool lying alongside
of a wide-arched wall cov-
ered with plants and vines,
that would look inviting in
any locality.

The exterior of the house
with its exceedingly graceful
roof lines immediately sug-
gests the buildings of Italy.
The broad wall surfaces
carry the idea a step fur-
ther and of course the semi-
tropical vegetation of Cali-
fornia and the vineyards
which surround the house
do much to create the Ital-
ian atmosphere. A home

built upon a hillside presents many problems and here they

have been handled in so successful a manner that the re-

sult may.prove helpful in the solving of similar problems.

A bed-chamber

October, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Of all Spring-flowering Bulbs none is lovelier than the fragrant single white, pink or blue Hyacinth

Bulbs for Fall Planting

By Ida D. Bennett
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

HERE is hardly a class of plants which ap-
peals to all classes of people so generally as
does that of Spring flowering bulbs—those
which go into the ground in October, and
bloom with the first warm days of Spring.
Bulbs are adaptable to so many places and
conditions of soil and exposure, so tractable in their re-
quirements, even being, in many cases, quite content to spend
a portion of their lives in paper bags, if it happens that the
particular bit of ground in which they have bloomed is
needed for something else later on—the bedding of Cannas
and Caladiums, the growing of annuals and like operations,
and they have, in consequence to be taken up for storage.
Tulips are especially accommodating in this respect, and
so universally popular and satisfactory is this particular
family of Bulbs that it seems the subject natural to begin-
ning any article on Bulb planting. Almost any location will
serve the Tulip so long as it is well drained, but water about
the Bulbs is fatal. They may even be grown under semi-
shade as at the time of their blooming the leaves are not
yet in evidence and the plants will receive sufficient sunshine,
for it must be borne in mind that the sunshine upon the
bloom is responsible for much of the brilliancy of the flower.
After the period of bloom is past Tulip Bulbs may be lifted

and heeled in some sunny position to ripen and then stored
in tightly-closed paper bags for the Summer and planted
out again when the season comes around. But it is also
certain that the greatest satisfaction comes from growing
the Tulips in permanent beds where they can remain undis-
turbed for several years. It may not be generally known in
this connection, that the Tulip seeds freely, and when this
seed is allowed to ripen it will scatter and come up in various
places about the grounds in later seasons, producing in two
or three years, strong clumps of plants which will give a
fine show of bloom. Such Tulip seedlings are apt to depart
quite notably from the parent type in blossoming, the petals
tending to revert to the original type, of the wild flower
which produced pointed, rather than rounded petals. The
color, too, varies and many stripped and blotched forms re-
sult. JI have had some very good Bizarres and Biblooms
result in this way.

The use of manure applied in the Fall is of doubtful ex-
pedience in the planting of Fall Bulbs, but as a rich soil is
a requisite of fine blooms it must be supplied in some form.
I find land which has been heavily manured in the Spring
and used for annuals or other plants is usually about right
for Tulips and other Bulbs, in fact about the same condi-
tions which make for successful potato culture works out

360 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

well for Tulips. For
permanent planting I
think their use as a
border—three deep,
for beds of hardy
Perennials gives most
satisfactory results
as they require the
minimum of care
and yield the maxi-
mum results and
brighten up the beds
at a time when the
Perennials are just
getting ready to
show what they can
do. The. Bulbs
should be set about

pei nente ts six inches apart each
A Narcissus border way and about once
and a half their depth below the top of the soil—that is
there should be that depth of soil above the top of the Bulb.
This is an excellent rule to follow in the planting of any
Bulbs about which there is doubt. In planting in solid beds

BATMAN EES

SW LSID A OMAR SON ERE LEONEL AT ILL OS CINE ORE S SUE LEN

eRe

For the garden of ample proportions late flowering Tulips may be planted amid early flowering
Perennials, which will provide an admirable succession of bloom

October, 1912

where uniformity of planting is essential, it will be found a
good plan to remove a couple of inches of the top soil, will
enrich the bottom soil with o/d manure or bone meal well
worked in, cover this with an inch of sharp sand and mark
off on this either circles or straight lines—the last is more
practical and the resulting planting will be in circle and
place a Tulip at the intersection of each cross lines. Cover
these with an inch of soil and then, before finishing the coy-
ering, while yet the tips of the Bulbs are visible, fill in the
intervening spaces with Crocus or Scillas. These will
bloom a couple of weeks before the Tulips and make a
lovely bed, or alternate the white Crocus and blue Scillas
and see how charming they are.

In selecting Tulips for solid bed, careful attention should
be given to harmonious arrangement of color, to the height
of the flowers and the season of bloom. Most catalogues
now give the season of bloom, height, and indicate such
varieties as are especially suited for bedding. It goes with-
out saying that yellow and red is not a happy combination,
though it seems to appeal to some people, but white may
always be combined with any of the other colors and adds
brilliancy to the display. The following list of desirable
varieties which bloom at the same time and are of uniform
height will be of assistance to many: White: Duc Von Thol,
L’Immacule, L’Reine; Yellow: Mon
Tresor; Scarlet: Vermilion Brilliant,
and Duc Von Thol. The white and
the red Duc Von Thol varieties reach
a height of eight inches and should be
used for edging the beds of the other
varieties named above as they are
ten-inch plants.

The following are medium early
Tulips recommended: White: Joost
Van Vondel, White Hawk, Potte-
bakker, Cottage Maid (suffused
pink); and Princess Marianne
(shaded rose) ; blush pink and white:
Queen of the Netherlands. Pink:
Pink Beauty, Rose Grisdelin; and
Pink Beauty; Rose: Proserpine, and
Rose Luisante. Scarlet: Sir Thomas
Lipton, Belle Alliance, Pottebakker
Scarlet, Cramoise Brilliant, Crimson
King, Prince of Austria (orange
tinge); and Duchesse de Parma
(bordered orange). Red: Potte-
bakker Scarlet. Yellow: Golden
Queen, Chrysolora, Pottebakker Yei-
low, and Yellow Prince. These reach
from ten to twelve inches in height
except the Rose Grisdelin, which is
eight inches in height. This last is
fine for borders.

Following these in season there
are a few such late blooming Tulips
as the Couleur Cardinal (Cardinal)
reaching a height of ten inches, and
Prince of Austria and Thomas More,
both orange-scarlet twelve-inch
plants. ‘Then there are the various
Bybloomers—Bizarres, Gesnerianas,
and tall-growing Tulips. These do
best, I think, in clumps and among
shrubbery where there is some
foundation to cover a somewhat
lanky growth. The low-growing
Deutzia Gracilis, Anthony Waterer
Spirea and the like, are good fore-
grounds for these sorts or they may be

PR bey

October, 1912

appropriately grown among the smaller attractive Azaleas.

The list of double Tulips is much more restricted, but the
quality of such varieties leaves little to be desired in such
Bulbs as the Salvator Rosa, Duke of York and the like.
Many of these double flowers are delightfully fragrant and
the list here given may be useful in making a choice. White:
Rose Blanche, and La Candeur (pure white); Pink:
Murillo; Red: Titian (bordered yellow) ; Rose: Tournesoil
(scarlet-edged yellow), Salvator Rosa, Duke of York, and
Lord Beaconsfield; Yellow: Yellow Rose and Tournesoil
Yellow; Bronze Orange: Toreador; Scarlet: Rex Rubrorum
and Imperator Rubrorum. The Rose Blanche is an
eight-inch variety, the Murillo, Toreador, Tournesoil
and Tournesoil Yellow are nine-inch varieties and the others
reach a height of ten inches.

Tulip beds and borders should be given a light top-dress-
ing of stable litter late in the Fall or after the ground
freezes, and remove the most of this early in Spring, as
soon as growth begins, retaining enough to protect from
severe frost. If all the litter is left on, the new growth will
force itself up through and be injured when an attempt is
made to remove it. It is a good plan to leave a quantity
of litter convenient for replacing at the approach of a cold
wave, this can be done by planning for a mulch box.

Hyacinths require practically the
same treatment as do Tulips, but
should be planted farther apart—
from six to eight inches and much
deeper—from three to four inches.
They are better left in permanent
beds from year to year, growing some
light rooted annual in the beds as a
cover during the Summer months,
Pansies, Forget-Me-Nots, Schizan-
thus and the like making excellent
cover. The single Hyacinths make
finer spikes and a better display than
do the double ones and are, in conse-
quence, generally preferred to the
former. In the following list will be
found all that could be desired: Bar-
oness von Thuyl, a beautiful, delicate
pink; Charles Dickens, an exquisite
shade of pink; Lady Derby, one of
the finest pink Hyacinths; Moreno,
pink; Roi des Belges, brilliant crim-
son-scarlet, fine bedder; Baroness von
Thuyl, pure white; Grandeur’s a’Mer-
veille, plush-white—the most popular
of this shade; La Grandesse, finest
pure white, fine spike, immense bells;
La Innocense, the most popular of the
pure whites; Mme. Van der Hoop,
pure white, very large bells; Mr.
Plimsol, an excellent ivory-white;
King of the Blues, blue—the fin-
est of the deep-blue variety; Baron
Von Thuyl, rich purplish blue, very
rich; Czar Peter, light lavender blue;
Grand Maitre, deep porcelain blue;
Marie Rich, purplish blue, enormous
spike; Queen of the Blues, clear silver
azure blue, a grand sort; Ida, one of
the best yellows; King of the Yellows,
yellow; Odelisque, rich, deep yellow,
and Yellow Hammer, fine spike and
bells.

In purchasing Hyacinths it pays to
get the selected, first size Bulbs, as
they will give far better results than

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

the cheaper Bulbs.
These can usually be
bought for twelve
cents each, $1.00 per
dozen, or $7.00 per
hundred, fifty at hun-
dred rates, which is
the more economical
way to purchase.
For naturalizing
in the grass nothing
is prettier than the
Inctle= (Gujarp e) | Tely-
acinths — Muscaria
Botryoides — which
grow about six inches
high and _ resemble
erect bunches of tiny
blue or white grapes. Se ie
The Grape Hyacinth A bed of Tulips
is one of the few plants that will grow under Pine trees,
and it is useful in covering barren spots. This and the well-
known Star of Bethlehem may, when once planted, be
trusted to take care of themselves. The latter, however, re-

A mass of well-placed double Tulips always forms an exquisite color note in the landscape
and where the area permits one should plan such an arrangement

362 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

quires much sun, as a general
thing, to open the flowers,
though I have found some
curious exceptions to the
rule. Several years ago,
having had occasion to dig
up a big patch of these Bulbs,
I found, when through, that
I had a bushel of selected
Bulbs. The basket contain-
ing these was set in a dark
corner of a shed, quite for-
gotten for atime. The next
Spring, chancing to go to the
shed for something, I was
surprised by a gleam of
white in a dark corner, and
investigation revealed the
basket of Bulbs a solid mass
of flowers.

Next of importance to the
Hyacinth and to Tulips is
the Crocus. Useful as this
delicate flower is for filling
in beds of Tulips and Hy-
acinths, the Crocus is only at hearts of all
its best when grown in the grass of the lawn, where it
should be planted by the hundreds and thousands. Crocus
Bulbs are so cheap—eighty-five cents a hundred for the
choice named giant sorts—that the cost can never form a
barrier to their liberal use. Never buy the small cheap
Bulbs which give but a single bloom, but rather select the
giant named varieties, which give from a dozen to twenty
or more bloom to a bulb. Plant them, if possible, where
they may be seen from the living-room windows, massing
them particularly in the shade of trees or where the grass
will not need attention quite
so early as on the more open
spots, as the only precaution
required in this form of cul-
ture is to- not destroy the
leaves of the plant until they
have ripened. It is usually
quite possible to run the
lawn-mower over them with-
out cutting the leaves, how-
ever, and once planted they
will come up Spring after
Spring and brighten wonder-
fully the often gloomy days
of March and early April.
Do not attempt any regular-
ity of arrangement in plant-
ing Crocus, but plant in un-
even groups and lines, throw-
ing the Bulbs on the ground
and planting wherever they
chance to fall. White and
gold are the most effective
colors, but the blues are
lovely at close range. In
planting just lift the sod with
a narrow trowel or a spud,
one person making the incis-
ion and another dropping
the Bulb, right-side-up, and
pressing back the sod with
the foot. Set each Bulb two
inches deep at least, and
that is all that is required.

eRe ecm ie ET Pu ee A oon pass i
Probably the old-fashioned single Tulip is the variety most dear to the

The Snowflake, Leucojum zstivum

October, 1912

All the Narcissus family—
Narcissus, Daffodills, Jon-
quills and the like do well in
almost any situation and as
a general rule should not be
disturbed for several years at
a stretch. The Poet’s Nar-
cissus, which is most in evi-
dence in the Springtime, is
only at its best when grown
in long double or triple rows,
and will give a wonderful
display of bloom the end of

May. Plant Narcissus
Bulbs about twelve inches
apart, setting the Bulbs

three inches deep in rich,
mellow loam and in a well-
drained situation. The Nar-
cissus forms its new Bulbs
around the old in ever-
spreading circles, hence the
need of room. ‘The Crocus,
on the other hand, makes
its new Bulb on top of the
old, so we put it deep so
that the Bulbs of the third year may still be below the sur-
face of the ground, after which, unless lifted and reset, they
will be apt to disappear. The trumpet-flowered Narcissus
or Daffodills are equally beautiful in clumps or rows, their
higher price, however, usually results in the former manner of
planting, the best varieties costing about three dollars per
hundred, while the Poet’s Narcissus may be had for one
dollar per hundred. The newer King Edward variety costs
three dollars per hundred. The best of the trumpet-flow-
ered varieties are undoubtedly the Glory of Leyden, Em-

S
aati

garden-makers

press, Emperor, Albicans,
Bicolor Victoria and the
Mme. de Graff.

For naturalizing in the
grass the old Von Sion Nar-
cissus is unexcelled, and it is
magnificent when grown in
long, heavy rows. Speaking
of naturalizing, why not
plant quantities and quanti-
ties of the little Winter
Aconite (Eranthus Hyemal-
is), and let it make bright
the first windy days of
Spring with its little cups of
gold growing so close to the
ground that they seem just
golden stars dropped down
in wanton play. They are
so cheap and easily planted,
one dollar per hundred or a
thousand (think of it!) for
only eight dollars, that the
home grounds ought to glow
with them in Spring.

Most of the occasional]
Bulbs which the catalogues
advertise, like the Chiono-
doxias, Colchicums, Ornith-
ogalumns, Pushkinias, Fritil-
larias and the like look best
when planted in considerable
groups in the shrubbery, but
they do not, as a general

ee oe

October, 1912

PTS ST

Double Tulips when placed against brick garden walls are always effective.

thing, mass well in isolated beds like Hyacinths and Tulips
and are apt to break down under rain and wind when in
small clumps.

There are two beautiful sorts of Bulbs not nearly as much
grown as they should be, and those are the Ixias and Spar-
axis. To be sure, these are not as reliable as Tulips and
Hyacinths, but well repay the extra care they require. They
should be planted in solid beds, not too large, so that it may
be possible to give adequate protection. Set the Bulbs which
are small a couple inches apart and two deep and cover the
beds with several inches of dry leaves, and over these place
a big, loose box or frame of boards which will effectually
shed water, and success will be yours and a most lovely bed
of exquisite form and color result. Remove the covering
carefully in the Spring and leave a portion of it handy to
replace should occasion require. When the foliage had

Tulipa Retrophela

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

CETTE NTE ET

The variety here shown is the very beautiful scarlet Salvator Rosa

died down, dig the Bulbs and store in paper bags in a cool,
dry place till the following Fall. Ixias may be had in
mixed colors for one dollar and seventy-five cents a hundred
and Sparaxis for one dollar a hundred.

Then there are the hardy Lilies, lovely and beguiling,
though often so short-lived that one must be always renew-
ing them. Nevertheless, few flowers pay better in results
than do Lilies, and Lilies, especially the great white Aurat-
umns, Giganteums, and the cheaper but equally lovely Can-
didums and Longiflorums. The largest and most expensive
Lily Bulbs are not necessarily the most desirable. Rather
the second sized ones should be selected, for the big Bulbs
have one more year less of life, having reached their acme
of size and perfection. The most important essential of
Lily culture is good drainage, rich soil, free from fresh

(Continued on page 369)

The Grape Hyacinth

364 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDEN:

October, 1912

ip * pis — ‘“s

Two types of Pheasants—the Golden Pheasant and the Mongolian Pheasant

a =< oe =

Keeping a Few Pheasants

By E. I. Farrington
Photographs by Thomas Ellison and others

~0g|INE feathers do make fine birds in the case

|| of pheasants, in spite of the old adage.
These birds are bred for their fine feathers
and for nothing else when kept in confine-
ment, although they are of special value in
destroying insect pests when allowed their
liberty, and for that reason are being propagated on a
large scale by several of the states, which have established
extensive pheasant farms. All over the country there are
people who keep just a few birds because they admire their
beautiful markings. Probably more people would keep
them if their general care were better understood.

Newly hatched pheasants are extremely delicate, but
mature birds are hardy and strong. Pheasants do not suf-
fer in cold weather, for they have a very heavy covering
of feathers, but dampness and draughts must be avoided
with the utmost care. ‘The aviary should therefore be
constructed with one side or end entirely open, except for
inch-mesh poultry netting stretched over it. A canvas cur-
tain may be dropped if necessary to keep out beating rains.

The floor should be built up at least a foot higher than
the outside ground in order to make sure that it will always
be dry. A dirt floor is as good as any, but should be cov-
ered with gravel two or three inches deep, which should be
replaced at least twice a year. Pheasants are exceptionally
neat and the amount of labor needed to keep their pens in
a sanitary condition is not great.

It is most important to keep out rats and other maraud-
ing animals, for the birds often choose to roost on the floor.
The best protection against rats is a cement foundation
wall reaching to the frost line. Hemlock boards painted
with a commercial preparation offensive to rodents may
be used instead, or inch-mesh poultry wire may be sunk into
the ground a foot or more deep all around the house.

As pheasants are exceedingly shy, it is well to make a
retreat in their pen, where they may find seclusion. This
may be done by boarding off a corner, with a small entrance
hole made in the bottom board, or by placing a few short
evergreen bows in a corner. A perch or two will complete
the equipment so far as ordinary requirements are concerned.

There should be a yard attached to the house, if possible,
but it must be wired over or the pheasants will soon leave
it by the air route. Netting with inch-mesh is the best for
use, as it will exclude sparrows, which vagrant birds will
otherwise consume more grain than the pheasants. Being
covered, these runs need not be high—four feet is ample.

It is not wise for the amateur to attempt hatching pheas-
ant eggs until warm weather is established; if he does, he
will almost certainly suffer so many losses as to be discour-
aged. The first of June is sufficiently early in the northern
states to have the young birds make their appearance. On
the other hand, they ought to be out before the excessively
warm weather comes on. It is necessary to give the young-
sters every advantage.

From 21 to 26 days are required for incubating the eggs,
according to the variety. Bantam hens are used almost
exclusively as sitters. Pheasant eggs are so small that
twenty of them may be put under a hen of ordinary size,
but it is better to use a light hen like a Bantam, and to give
her not more than ten eggs. ‘Then the poults will stand a
better chance of surviving the manifold dangers of infancy,
for if there are many young birds, some of them are almost
certain to be stepped on or to stray away.

The hens are commonly set in boxes in the bottom of
which a shovelful of earth or an inverted sod has been
placed. It is well to set two hens at the same time, so that
if many of the eggs prove infertile when they are tested
on the seventh day, those which remain may be given to
one hen and the other hen released from her task.

It is a common practice to remove the eggs from the
hens just before they are due to hatch and to place them
in an incubator, raising the poults in a brooder. ‘The reason
lies in the fact that hens frequently transmit a disease known
as white diarrhoea to chicks, which does not affect the old
hens to any appreciable extent, but is considered fatal to
young birds. If the poults are then raised on the ground
where poultry has not run for four or five years, they .are not
likely to contract either disease or lice until old enough to
resist infection. ‘This plan is really the secret of raising
young pheasants and when it is remembered, success follows.

October, 1912
At any rate, it is a precaution too important to neglect.

If hens must be relied upon, it is advisable to place chicken
wire with a half-inch mesh around the nest; otherwise some
of the poults are pretty sure to stray away. The newly-
hatched birds are very active and start out to see the world
as soon as fairly dry; and they can crawl through an as-
tonishingly small hole. Often some of the eggs are tardy
in hatching, so that the birds which first break out of their
prisons are running about long before the hen is able to
leave the nest in order to look after them. Brooder poults,
too, must be confined with a closely woven wire netting
as soon as they begin to wander from under the hover. A
little wire yard made in the shape of a half circle will pre-
vent their straying away from the heat too far, and as
they work their way along the wire, they will soon find
themselves back in the hover.

A custard made of eggs and milk together may be given
after the poults are 36 hours old, and this ration continued
three or four days, when a change to very small grains
and seeds with a little Hamburger steak three times a week
may be made. The little birds will eat only a small amount
at first. In raising pheasants abroad, ant “eggs,” which
are the pupae of ants taken from ant hills for insect food,
are considered very valuable in raising young birds. In this
country maggots have been cultivated for the same purpose.
There are concerns in England now which market ant
‘‘eggs’’ in boxes for the purpose of feeding young pheasants.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 365

By the time the poults are four days old they will begin
to forage a bit and should be given in an open-air run on
sod. A few piles of brush scattered about make good shel-
ters and the young birds will seek them at the slightest
alarm.

When the poults are nine or ten weeks old they are well
feathered out and ready to dispense with the ministrations
of the mother hen, if hen-reared. After that age is reached,
they also become hardier and if permitted to follow their
natural bent, will take to roosting in the trees. When four
months old they are nearly full grown.

Mature pheasants may be fed like common poultry twice
a day, over-feeding be guarded against.

Mating pens should be made in February. When pheas-
ants for breeding purposes are purchased, it is well to have
them delivered in the Fall or early Winter, so that they will
become accustomed to their new surroundings before the
breeding season arrives.

The eggs are not laid in nests, but on the floor, often in
the most secluded spot available, but in no regular place.
Sometimes they are dropped from the perches, in which
case the latter may be removed during the laying season,
but as a rule, the eggs are laid in the early evening, and of
course, must be gathered at once, so that they will not be
broken and the egg-eating habit formed.

There are many handsome varieties of pheasants, but

(Continued on page 372)

ae .
nA >:

A. typical wheasaut nest containing eggs awhich are so snail He twenty may Ee eee rE a eins Bantuan

from subscribers pertaining to

“WHY COLONIAL >”
By Harry Martin Yeomans

voted to Architecture, Interior Decoration
and kindred subjects, he will notice a great
many articles advising the use of what is
known as the ‘‘Colonial” style, both in archi-
tecture and furnishings. So the question
naturally arises, ‘‘Why Colonial?” I will try to give here a
few of the reasons why Colonial furniture makes so great
an appeal and is especially appropriate for American homes.

Most of the furniture brought to this country by the
settlers of the original thirteen States, or made by them, was
heavy and crude in appearance and made of oak or walnut.

At the beginning of the Eighteenth Century mahogany
furniture, having Dutch tendencies, made its appearance,
the chairs and tables having the cabriole or bandy legs
which are so characteristic of the Queen Anne style. This
constituted the real Colonial furniture or furniture used in
the colonies prior to 1776.

About the year 1725, the influence of the Italian Renais-
sance made itself felt in England, and the classic details of
that period were reflected both in the architecture and furni-
ture of the time. This was the beginning of the English
Georgian period.

We borrowed the English Georgian architecture and
copied the furniture as well. This was only natural, of
course, for, as there was a demand for better things in the
way of furniture, quantities in the prevailing styles in Eng-
land were imported, the American cabinet-makers using it as
models, and since that time this beautiful mahogany furni-
ture has been known in this country as Colonial furniture,
although most of it was designed and made in England dur-
ing the Georgian period.

About 1750, Chippendale, the great English carver and
cabinet-maker, was creating a sensation in London with his
new productions. He broke away from tradition and
created new designs and adapted Gothic and Chinese detail
to his own particular needs. He worked out his artistic
ideas in pieces which had never been seen before and which
were eagerly purchased by his clients. Chippendale worked
almost entirely in mahogany and some of his chairs and
tables were elaborately carved, showing a great deal of
French influence. He made sofas, chairs, card-tables, mir-
rors, fire-screens, tea-tables, and candlestands, all of which
were both useful and beautiful, and became immensely
popular as they were so well adapted to everyday needs.
Chippendale had three worthy contemporaries, Shearer,
Hepplewhite and Sheraton, who followed out his ideal of
creating beautiful furniture for utilitarian purposes, and no
matter whether their inspiration was drawn from Dutch,
French or Greek models and motifs, they gave them an

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries

should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

October, 1912

ome Decoration. Stamps

original and sane interpretation, which was exactly suited
to the English temperament.

The products of these artists found their way to our
shores and filled a long-felt want in the homes of our fore-
fathers, just as they had in the Georgian homes of England.
Their graceful contours and beautiful outlines made a big
appeal and have since stood as sponsors for the good taste
and judgment of our forebears. All of this furniture was
copied and adapted, more or less freely, although the gen-
eral designs of the English furniture were adhered to.

Since the day that Colonial furniture first fell into disfavor,
until the revival of its use about thirty years ago, we have
developed nothing in the way of furniture that was worth
while. It has stood the test of time and lived to triumph
over the “dark ages” of the Victorian period of 1860. We
have had fads and fancies in furnishings, but they have not
survived, because there was no big, dominant thought be-
hind the impulse that created them, and they could not stand
the most crucial of all tests; they could not be lived with
day after day without one growing tired of them.

That is why Colonial furniture is favored so much by
architects and decorators. It owes its being to the social
conditions and demands of a people, analogous to ourselves,
at a time when the complicated domestic arrangements, as
we now know them, were just having their beginnings.
Owing to its convenient size, sane designs and multiplicity of
articles, it can be used in every room of a house or apart-
ment, and the longer you have it about you, the fonder you
will grow of your cherished mahogany. - Its simple elegance
and refinement enable it, like cultured people, to fit into
almost any environment and not seem out of place.

I remember seeing some Hepplewhite shield-back chairs,
together with a sideboard and table, after designs by the
same artist, standing in solemn dignity in a paneled dining-
room. The paneling was not elaborate; the simple ex-
pedient of wooden moldings, with the egg and dart motif,
being used to break up the wall space into panels above a
wainscoting. The walls had then been painted a dull, old-
ivory tone and yellow brocade was hung in straight folds
at the windows. As I admired this beautiful room, my
thoughts traveled backwards to a living-room in an old New
England farmhouse. <A_ beautiful sunny room with a
winger chair by the fireside and a mahogany sewing-table
close at hand. The floor was covered with strips of .rag
carpet, and the plain yellow paper on the wall made a fitting
background for the old mahogany furniture scattered about
the room. Although the wall covering cost but fifty cents
a roll, the Colonial furniture did not lose any of its charm
and dignity on account of being in an humble setting, and
this farmhouse living-room possessed the same air of good
breeding, as the more pretentious dining-room with its
paneled walls.

When decorating a room with Colonial furnishings, it is,

October, AMERICAN

192
of course, desirable to have genuine old pieces if one can
go to that expense, but nowadays all of the good shops
carry reproductions of the best examples of furniture by
Chippendale, Hepplewhite and Sherarton.

ey PLEASANT” ON THE SCHUYLKILL

(Continued from page 353)

= Bg Ee ee po ese eee SL

S=dp<dp<dpedbsdp=db=dbsdp-apsdbsdp-dpsdpsdbedbsdbsdbsdpsabeabsabs dp db dibsd

glimpses and only disappear entirely when we look directly
at them to be assured of their reality. They all form a
part of this as of any old house, intangible and elusive, to be
sure, but none the less real.

So much, then, for the past. Let us look within the
house as it now is. A spacious hallway as wide as a room
runs through the house from east to west. In Summer if
the doors at the ends are open, delightful prospects open
up in either direction. ‘The detail of classic ornament on
cornice, pilaster and door trims is wonderfully rich and re-
markably well preserved. To the north of the hall is the
great drawing-room, running the full depth of the building,
with windows looking both east and west. In the middle
of the north side is a full-throated fireplace, above which
is an elaborately wrought overmantel in whose central panel
one instinctively feels that a canvas from the brush of Gains-
borough or Kneller ought to hang. The door frames, with
their heavily molded pediments, are exceptional. In fact,
all the woodwork, both downstairs and up, is richer in elab-
oration of detail than is usual in our Colonial Georgian.
The walls of the drawing-room are colored yellow, thus
making an excellent foil for the white paint of the wood-
work. To the south of the hall is the dining-room, beau-
tifully panelled all the way to the ceiling above and on both

Leena AG

PET ae eae

HOMES= AND »aGARDENS

SSE BRR ERs SERIE Eee

367

sides of the fireplace. The kitchen is in the basement. East
of the dining-room is an L extension from the hall and
there is a wide, easy, wainscotted staircase, with a balus-
trade of gracefully turned spindles, ascends to the second
floor. The hall arrangements above are the same as be-
low—the L extension for the staircase and the wide central
passage running from east to west. At the opposite ends
of the hallway, immediately above the pediments of the
doors on the floor below, are Palladian es of excel-
lent proportion and refined detail. South of the hall, and
directly over the dining-room, is the great bedroom, where
the wood carving is richer than anywhere else in the house.
The overmantel is carved with an exuberant wealth of de-
sign rarely seen, and deeply-tooled acanthus brackets at the
door heads support ornate lintels and pediments. On the
north side of the building are two ample chambers, each
with a spacious corner fireplace. The third floor is reached
by a narrow staircase built in the walls and hidden from
view by closet doors at the entrance to one of the bed-
chambers. Although the third floor rooms are low-ceiled
with sloping walls and dormer windows, it is said that Ar-
nold and his lady frequently occupied one of them when
the number of their guests made it expedient to vacate their
larger quarters below.

Whether these old Colonial houses be large or small,
they all have a message for us. They have a breadth of
proportion combined with a quiet dignity and honesty of
purpose that we to-day should do well to cultivate in our
building. It is gratifying to say that ‘““Mount Pleasant’’ has
fallen into good hands. The city has entrusted the property
to an automobile club, ‘“‘La Moviganta Klubo,”’ whose mem-
bers and officers have spent liberally for intelligent restora-
tions and repairs. A competent custodian is in charge.

EERE Bs ED

:
k
i
:

vr “TATE Tie aia brats
ie a i

An excellent example of a bedroom in the Colonial style

000330000

OCTOBER IN THE GARDEN
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

ma|\|\L1EN October comes to tint all growing
things with gorgeous color borrowed from
Autumn’s inexhaustible palette, it almost
seems as though Nature were trying to re-
mind man, that though the season of lovely
flowers be almost past, we should hold in
our memory the thought of the colorful gardens we may
hope to have next year if we now turn our immediate
attention to Fall planting for the coming Spring and Sum-
mer garden. Elsewhere in this number of AMERICAN
Homes AND GARDENS our readers will find articles es-
pecially upon the subject of Fall planting in the matter of
garden flowers, both hardy Perennials and Bulbs, but Oc-
tober is not, by any means, a month of idleness in other
gardening operations.

ing of trees and shrubs upon the home grounds, ex-

¥, Se)
by e. , @ dy 3
é 7 ‘ ad #7
* ds of : ee)
» Pp a ‘ Y ¢ ¥ 2
j ‘ - x
é, ° 2 le, ms
5 ae i 2 vase
1a ~~ 2 ae Ve!

The Paula should find a place in every garden

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

2 cee ees Olona aes

8 eZ ine ,
Around the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

(O}}}=3 0000820000 S

October, 1912

cept in those parts of the country where the Winters
are of unusual severity. Before the garden-maker sets out
with his pleasant task of planning improvements along
these lines, he should take the time to consider the climatic
conditions of the locality wherein he lives, and make up
his mind whether or not the trees and shrubs of his choice
are adapted to these conditions. Because one likes this
tree and this shrub or that is not alone sufficient warrant for
determining to set it out of the soil, exposure and seasons
are not fitted to its needs. In planting trees and shrubs
of any sort in poor soil, one should see that some good
compost is dug into the earth of the “floor” that is to
receive the roots to a depth of at least six inches. The hole
dug in the soil for the plant newly to be set out should be
fully fifteen inches wider than the actual size of the root-ball
of the plant.

HIS is the month wherein must be performed the

task of placing manure over the garden. This should
then be spaded or ploughed in before the approach of
November. ‘The fallen leaves that have been collected in
raking the lawn throughout the Autumn can be saved to
use as a mulch for the garden and shrubbery beds. Those
who are so fortunate as to have hardwood trees upon the
premises will find that the leaves from such trees are the
best for the purpose of mulching.

ARDY climbing Roses may be planted now if this is

attended to immediately. Other Roses, too, planted
in the Autumn, will probably produce good blossoms by
next June. Of course, Rose plants should not be set out
after the ground freezes hard and they must be mulched
carefully before the Winter comes on. It is always safe to
provide all Roses with protection throughout the Winter.
Among the varieties of Roses for Fall planting, one may
suggest the Crimson Rambler, the Rosa Waichuraina
(climber) ; such hardy perpetuals as the Frau Karl Dru-
schki (white); Margaret Dickson (white); Paul Neyron
(pink); General Jacqueminot (crimson); and the Prince
Arthur (crimson). Although many garden-makers plant
Roses in the Fall, it is best to wait until the Spring planting
season for setting out new bushes, although the beds may
be prepared in October in advance. In planning for a Rose
garden or for a place in the general garden wherein Roses
are to be planted, select a location that will enable the Roses
to receive the full sunlight, for they are sun-loving plants.
They should also have a rich soil into which manure that
is well-rotted has been worked to a depth of at least two
eet

PLANTING DISTANCE FOR ROSES

READER of AmERIcAN HoMEs AND GARDENS has

written to ask how far apart Roses should be planted.
Although various articles in this magazine have, from time
to time, answered that question, it may interest readers in
general to hear repeated that Rose plants should not be set

October, 1912

closer together than three feet, while climbing Roses and
the Rugosa varieties should not be placed less than four feet
apart. In connection with the subject of Rose growing, the
garden-beginner should be reminded of the fact that old
Rose plants that have held their place for some years in the
garden should be lifted every five or six years, during Octo-
ber, for the purpose of enabling the garden-maker to en-
rich the soil in which they are to be re-set.
GARDEN LABELS

T often happens, especially with the garden beginner, that

he neglects the very important matter of providing labels
to identify the spots in his garden where he has been setting
out bulbs and roots at Fall planting time. One may have
an excellent memory, but when Winter comes along to
change the aspect of things he will find that by Springtime
there is something of confusion in his mind as to where this
plant or that was placed. All this will interfere seriously
with his Spring planting work or with his preparations for
it; therefore it will be well for every garden-maker, experi-
enced or not, to take thought of marking the location of the
plants he sets out this Fall by means of labels.

I= dips dlp 4b = ib beds b= 4h 4 edb ab ab dabei = ds absab = a bed eee ab sabe albsd es aba sabe dbs aIbcaipeapsales ap sale abeaibsabsdibsdlbe ded bsdesalbsaibed sapsd

BULBS FOR FALL PLANTING
(Continued from page 363)

EVEAEVEV=7 ETE tbs aab dibs db sabe db=db= dba bsdbedesdbsdbedbedibsdibedibsdb=qb=dibedipsdbsdibsdbsdpsdieedieedipedbsdbsdbsdiosdiesdbed bal bed] ps4]

manure and containing a liberal quantity of pure, sharp
white sand. When these essentials are absent, supply them
or do not attempt the culture of Lilies. Plant preferably
among shrubbery or hardy Perennials, giving the Lilies
the protection of the shade both in Winter and Summer, for

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

369

at this time they suffer if the sun shines directly upon the
ground about their roots or upon the stems. Also the roots
of the shrubs insure better drainage. Plant Lilies deep—
not less than nine inches for the big sorts. Have the soil
deep and mellow for at least eighteen inches and make a
separate hole for each Bulb. Place clean, sharp sand in
the bottom of this and on top of that a little pad of sphag-
num moss on which to set the Bulb. Drop over the Bulb
enough sand to cover it and fill in between any loose scales
—though if any broken scales exist they should be care-
fully removed and may be used to start new Bulbs by plant-
ing in sand an inch from the surface near the main Bulb.
If a little sulphur and charcoal is mixed with the sand and
soil about the Lilies it will tend to ward off decay and the
dreaded Lily disease. Plant such tall-growing Lilies as
the Anunciation, Giganteum, Browni, Washingtonianum
and the like in groups of half a dozen or more. The Spe-
ciosa Lilies are excellent for bordering beds of taller sorts
but do not show to advantage back in the beds. The little
coral Lily (Tenuifolium) is charming for a border, but is
not a persistent form.

For establishing in the hardy border there is nothing
daintier than the little Anthericums (Saint Bruno’s Lily)
with its tiny bells so much resembling the Lilies of the
Anunciation. The little plants do not do much the first year
after setting and may disappear entirely the next year, only
to appear later, and from then on will increase in size and
beauty. ““The Lilies are ringing their bells’ seems espe-
cially to apply to these dainty flowers, and almost one can
believe they hear a soft, silvery peal as the wind stirs their
fragile cups. Once planted they should not be disturbed.

Sas.

There are always little nooks and corners in the home garden where violets will thrive

DEVELOPING HABITS IN THE CHILD
By Elizabeth Atwood

pag | LIERE are many ideas as to when one
ee dil| should begin training the small child. I am
convinced that the work should begin at
once. The nurse who cuddles the little mite
every time it cries, lays the foundation for

=J trouble. ‘The mother, when she gets up and
has the care of the baby, finds a battle on her hands, for
baby has already learned his first lesson and knows that
crying will bring the attention he longs for.

Here is where life-time habits are to be started, for that
wee four-week’s-old mite already has an intelligence greater
than the young mother realizes. Here is where the lesson
ot self-control is in its A, B, C’s, but as surely will this very
early habit merge into a real understanding of self-control,
as that the knowledge of letters lead to spelling. Therefore,
training should begin at once, if the child is to be trained
at all.

There is the theory, unfortunately lived up to by some,
that training the young child will kill spontaneity. I have
seen children brought up by mothers who had this idea.
What was the result? Just this: No conversation with
the mother was possible, because the spontaneity of the
child led him to climb into her lap, pull down her hair, or
kiss her on the lips while she vainly tried to talk. When he
was forcibly placed down from her lap, he would lie on
his back upon the floor, and kick his heels and sing or Cy
whichever way he happened to feel—making so much noise
that conversation had to stop.

Outside friends do not care for that kind of spontaneity,
and it is a gross injustice to the child. We all desire that
our children may be loved, not for their looks but for what
they are, and what they promise to be. Every year has
strengthened the self-will in the child who has no control,
and no theories will make such a one an agreeable comrade
while he is in the making.

Another idea is, according to my belief, equally unjust
to the child. This is: “That when the child is old enough
to understand, then will be the proper time to control him,
or rather teach him to control himself. Then it will be too
late, for the habits are already formed which will influence
him all his life. Through habits of regular feeding and
sleeping, which are not always easily formed, the baby gets
his first idea of self-control and being controlled.

The baby who is fed by the clock from the time it is
three days’ old until it is grown up, is learning wisdom and
temperance in his appetite. “The small boy who has a tiny
piece of sponge cake, his little cup of custard, fruit juice,
or even a peppermint, is learning that a higher law than
personal liking governs the universe. He does not rea-
son out the details, but he does learn that some foods are

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Ole amma Oem

HEEPS [OnE
se alah =

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

October, 1912

not good for him; therefore he cannot have them. There
can be no denying that the worst thing for a human being
is self-indulgence, and the sooner the child learns this fact
the better for the child. From the time he is born he
should be trained to govern his habits and his desires. If
the stroke of twelve invariably means a nap, and six means
bed for the night, the child is unconsciously becoming
methodical and learning the value of habit.

Some mothers will say, ‘‘But my baby won’t do that.”
He will, if you stick to it. It is just a question of your own
determination in the matter. It will be a matching of wills,
but you, knowing the course to be a right one, must be
firm. You must expect howls at first, if the beginning has
been wrong, but when you see your boy of six, well and
strong, obedient and easily controlled you will be thankful
that you braved the battles which made such results pos-
sible. That grounding of self-control leads to an orderly,
systematic life, to say nothing of the peace and comfort it
means to the mother—and her friends.

The extreme of the modern system is not so bad as the
extreme of the old one, although it is better for a child
to be taught to be a Spartan than for it to be a pampered
pet. I do not care for either. I prefer to have my children
normal, healthy, mischievous “imps’’; but at the same time,
with a groundwork of absolute rules of living, obedient and
amenable to discipline. This control of the small child
helps over many a hard place when he is a big one, and
self-indulgence is reduced to its lowest terms.

When a child of two years, more or less, begins to be
fussy and restless, how many times one hears: ‘Oh, I
wish you were old enough to amuse yourself!’ This is
the beginning of the never-ending search for knowledge
on the part of that developing mind. Even at that early
age, you may so direct its attention through its play that
much may be taught which can influence that child all
through its life.

The child is always happier doing something which it
has seen its mother do. If you pile up the blocks in a
certain way the child will work—and it is work for the lit-
tle one—to pile the blocks in the same way. But, always
encourage the small one to finish the work he undertakes,
even at this early age, for, in the completion of his little
task, is the beginning of one of the greatest factors of self-
help—determination to succeed.

It is not nerve-wearing to the child to put square blocks
together in such a way that H, L and T are formed, and it
is very interesting. ‘Take the letter H for instance. Four
blocks placed in a row, with two blocks above each end and
two blocks placed below and H is formed. When you point
out the resemblance to the letter H on a block the little
one will see it too.

I have done this and know just how it works. I always
helped the child to make the lines of the blocks true, and

October, 1912

Day after day that little child
Out of it I know she

always counted the blocks.
was impatient for the block-game.
learned a great deal.

This was an introduction to numbers in which she always
excelled in after life. When I took the letter E, I used five
blocks laid upright with two placed in horizontal lines from
the top and bottom and only one in the middle. She never
placed five blocks horizontally top and bottom and never,
after the first day, placed more than one in the middle. It
was a long time before she said words to indicate counting,
but she did something like counting every day in this placing
of the right number of blocks. Her game became no less
entertaining because directed along these educational lines.

Whether or not this game of block-built letters influenced
the development of this child’s mind or only brought out
what was sure to come, she became a skilled designer, and
graduated at an early age,
a full-fledged architect.
You never know just when
the seed is planted which
produces the fruit of later
years, but you do know
whether you are enriching
the soil and making the
proper preparation for
atter life. hese carly
formative years are of
vital importance.

The child who is al-
lowed to finish building his
house of blocks learns to
complete his work before
leaving it, so mothers
should think twice before
interrupting the child’s
play. It is better to waita
time for the child than to
encourage habits of care-
less endeavor. In this way

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A PINEAPPLE RECIPE
By Mary H. Northend

371

The habit of helpfulness can be begun very early. Baby
soon learns to wait upon you if you show him how, and finds
enjoyment in it. This helps to prevent the growth of a
selfish tendency. It is fair to assume that the little ones who
are taught to run and pick up the spool or thimble which has
dropped from mother’s lap will have a feeling of watch-
fulness for the comfort of others when grown. The habits
of a lifetime are forming in these little children and the re-
sponsibility is always great, and is, generally, belonging to
the mothers.

It is true that we have to deal with heredity, tempera-
ment and environment in the molding of a child’s character
and habits, but, if we keep our own ideals of what we wish
them to be constantly before them, helping them through
our care and consideration of their rights as well as ours,
we surely will have better results than if we allow them to
live their first six years
without training.

After years of experi-
ence and observation, I
feel confident that it is far
easier, far wiser, to work
for good habits from the
first, than to let perversity
and selfishness get in their
work and then try to make
corrections and to create
new habits. The struggle
is too great, the possibil-
ity of failure too evident,
for such a risk to be taken.
PUM MM KR eK
A HOUSE AT READING,

MASSACHUSETTS

(Continued from page 350)

bedpdpzdhedbedb:db-d: Gb-4p-dbsib-40= 4p <p a0 db < 30-40 a <b 4

ing, and as a result each
feature here is distinctive.

habits of fulfillment will
be started, as well as re-
spect for the rights of an-
other.

It always grieves me to
hear a child called to do
this, that or other thing,
when he is absorbed in a
book or in his play, and

Sliced Pineapple with Farina—Cut a pineapple into slices quarter of
an inch thick, and then in halves. Sprinkle with sugar, and set away
in a cool place until ready to use. At serving time, arrange, stand-
ing on edge, around a mound of farina. Place the sprout of the pine
in the center of the mound for decorative effect. To prepare the farina,
to a quart of rich milk, add one tablespoonful of Sea Moss Farina,
shaking gently into the milk to prevent lumping, and half cup sugar.
Flavor with pineapple juice, if desired. Cook slowly until it begins to
thicken, which will be in about thirty minutes Turn into a mold, and
set away to harden. Canned pineapple can be used as well as fresh
fruit, if the fresh fruit is out of season.

Nearly opposite the en-
trance is the fireplace
flanked on the right by
built-in bookcases, ar-
ranged one on either side
of a French door opening
on to the living porch. At
the left is a built-in cup-
board and beyond a long

then to hear him scolded

if he does not start at
once. How many times I have done the same thing. But
is it right? Has the child no rights which should be re-

spected if we would have him considerate of us in later life?

To the child his play is so important a thing, and yet how
many times we compel the clearing up process when he is
absorbed in working out some idea with his playthings. Now
I am learning that this is detrimental to the child, for it
surely is the beginning of a discouraged way of doing things.
Sure of an interruption, gradually the child takes less and
less interest in the ending of his work and his play, and this
we know is a sad thing, when in later life his play has be-
come work calling for great endeavor and determination to
see the finish.

An active, honest conscience is one of the greatest pos-
sessions a human being can have, and habits of truth ought
to be trained into the child from the very first. We older
ones stand as patterns, a daily example to our children. If
we are not absolutely honest, can we expect absolute hon-
esty and truthfulness from them? When a mother makes a
promise to her child she should keep her word.

seat, extending beneath a
broad window. Windows
on three sides of the room admit an abundance of light and
sunshine, and the cheerful effect thus created is enhanced
by the pure white of the trim finish, and the soft coloring
of the wall hangings.

The dining-room shows interesting details, and in finish
is especially attractive. Built-in cupboards, the upper por-
tions glass enclosed, flank the entrance from the hallway
on either side, and just opposite, quaint casement windows
add a touch of interest. Grouped windows at the front
render the room bright and sunny, and the setting complete
shows to advantage the fine equipment. From the dining-
room opens the pantry, fitted up with shelves and cup-
boards, and from here leads the kitchen, equipped with
built-in closets and other conveniences. This apartment is
approached from the exterior by a separate entrance, which
gives upon a small entry at the end of which is the refrig-
erator space and closet for brooms. On the second floor
there are four chambers, linen closet, and bathroom, each
finished with due regard for comfort and convenience, and
all equipped with ample closet space and mahogany doors—

aye AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

a feature throughout the house. ‘The owner’s chamber is
provided with a fireplace, and from here access is gained
to the outdoor sleeping porch. The house complete cost
$6.500.

Gz dbsd)bzd)bsdlbzdppsdibsdbsdbsdibed[bsdibsdibzdibsdipsdbsdibsdipsdbedbsdbsdpeqb=dibedb=qbsdp=dbsdipeqb=dibedip=d)bsdb=dipsdib= qb dp=dbsdbsdip= dp <dip=dbsaip=dip=ae=4|b=4

THE BUILDING OF BRICK
(Continued from page 343)

one particularly beautiful dining-room with woodwork of
white enamel and richly furnished with old mahogany.
This wonderfully attractive room was floored with large
dark red brick of the sort known as ‘“‘quarries,’’ while the
deep fireplace was lined and faced with a very long narrow
brick of a most beautiful rough surface colored a blue
gray.

But any plea for brickwork in country or suburbs would
be incomplete, without at least a suggestion of its beauty in
the garden or the grounds which surround the home. The
well-known gateways at Harvard with their beauty of
wrought iron and walls and pillars of brick are among the
earliest and most successful of good brick building in
America during the past twenty-five years. These entrances
to the Harvard campus may well offer a suggestion for
the entrance to the grounds—large or small—of a sub-
urban home, for such is the nature of brick, that the small-
est and simplest piece of building may possess a charm and
beauty out of all proportion to its cost if the designing be
carefully thought out and the work done with the art of a
true craftsman. ‘Then the walls which should surround
every well-regulated garden or which should certainly
screen every well-designed service entrance combine beauty
with utility when built of brick, and if the buildings
themselves are of brick and if the entire composition
possesses that unity of effect which is the secret of all
skillful designing, the result may be beautiful indeed.
The use of brick for walks and garden paths is too obvious
to require mention, but a word should be said regarding
garden accessories, the selection and placing of which do
so much toward making the garden the spot of beauty
which it should be. Small pools for Lilies or other water
plants are often lined with brick for it has been found that
brick, particularly of a dark color, affords an excellent
background for growing plants and seems to deepen the
basin in which the water is held. Fountains of any kind
are particularly beautiful with brick as a setting, and some
very successful wall-fountains have been arranged by plan-
ning a background or setting of brick for some fragment of
old marble or even a good cast of heavy plaster or terra
cotta suitably treated, the design being of dolphins, a lion’s
head, or even merely a decorative molding around a piece
of small pipe.

The use of brick in American home-building is a subject
of so many aspects and of such importance from the stand-
point of true economy as well as that of beauty, that it
should receive careful study from anyone who is interested
in home architecture, as well as from the architect to whom
is intrusted the important matter of planning a country
home.

bsdPsdPpzdpedpsdped)bsd)p=d)p=decaesdDpsdpsdpsapsabsdipsd)psdpsdi< pe apedb<dpsap=ap=a)psa)psdesapsdpsd psalpsdbsdpsapsdipsabeapsdbsalbsdpsabeabeapeapeabsaped

KEEPING A FEW PHEASANTS
(Continued from page 365)

only a limited number can be commended to the amateur.
Probably the kind most commonly and successfully raised
is the Ring-necked pheasant, a native of China. The
Golden and Lady Amherst breeds are very satisfactory and
the cocks are extremely handsome. The Reeves pheasants

October, 1912

may be added after a time, being popular on account of its
wonderful tail feathers, which frequently exceed four feet.
Other varieties are English, Swinhoe and Silver. The
pheasant commonly called the Mongolian is really the Ring-
necked.

ODDS AND ENDS IN FRUIT

By PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS

woq]|IL1EN the supply of small fruits and berries
of Spring and Summer, and the Autumn
peaches and grapes have failed to fill the
preserve closets, and we must provide the
canned delicacies to be utilized for Winter
desserts, there is still abundant emergency
fruits to be utilized in November. The preserving citron is
now at its best, and the practical housewife will make some
of her most delicious conserves from this seemingly tasteless
melon. ‘The various pears commonly ignored as of little
value when simply used as comparatively insipid canned
pears will take a front place among satisfactory fruits
when their possibilities are appreciated in the form of
candied pears, rich-flavored ‘‘chips,” and pickled, preserved
and spiced dainties. The late quinces and crabapples, the
little yellow preserving tomatoes, and even the small firm
varieties of the red tomatoes, will all contribute appetizing
delicacies when the knowledge of their preparation includes
spicing and flavoring ingenuity.
PEAR NOVELTIES

EARS canned in a simple sugar and water syrup should

be provided in quantity for the preparation of dainty
desserts for Winter use; and while the October pears are
at their best—on being gathered just before “hard frosts’ —
they may be served in many ways with the stewed fruit as a
foundation. Cut small rich-flavored pears in quarters, or
the large hard pears in thin slices or small dice; and cook in
a little water until tender, adding sugar just/before they are
done to form a rich syrup. Line individual dessert dishes
with lady fingers, cover with a layer of the pears and the
thick syrup. Heap over the pears a puff of whipped cream,
dot with chopped almonds; and this dainty “pear trifle” or
‘pear surprise’ will form a dessert demanding frequent
repetition.

PEAR PORCUPINES

HERE are two quaint and appetizing methods of form-

ing “porcupine pears;’’ one for future use, and one for
immediate serving. For the former select small pears that
can be used whole and quickly cooked tender. Rub each
small pear thoroughly, remove the stems and blossom end,
but do not pare or core. Then stick whole cloves in the
pears, on all sides; inserting the cloves deeply into the
pears with only the blossom end showing. ‘Then prepare
a good spicy syrup in the proportion of one-half pint of
vinegar to every cupful of sugar, and a generous bit of
stick cinnamon. Boil the clove-pierced pears gently in the
syrup untill they are thoroughly tender, without loosening
the cloves. Seal in wide mouthed jars; and when served
during the Winter the whole pears will not only present
a novel appearance, but will have a peculiarly delicious flavor
from the softened cloves, and the spiced syrup.

When prepared as a dessert for immediate serving, the
porcupine pears may be stuck full of sliced almonds, instead
of the cloves. Shell and blanch large almonds, and cut them
carefully with a sharp knife into lengthwise strips. Cook
in plain sugar and water syrup small pears used whole, or
large ones cut in half. When tender remove from the syrup
and stick the pears full of the almond chips. Dissolve half
a box of gelatine in water, add to the hot syrup; flavor with
almond. Place the gelatine syrup in a flat, shallow dessert
dish, and set in the ice box. When cold and firm place the
syrup porcupine pears on the gelatine, and serve very cold.

+
4
2
‘

October, 1912

PICKLED PEARS

In these days of plenty, when Keifer
pears may be secured in quantity at small
cost, their possibilities should be better
understood. While the Bartletts and Seckel
pears are preferred for quick desserts, and
the numerous small autumn pears known
as “preserving pears,” are the favorites for
“putting up,’ the comparatively tasteless
Keifers receive small consideration. In
reality they may be used in many ways; as
the firm fruit is readily cooked tender with-
out mashing, and may be spiced and pickled
and flavored and preserved indefinitely.

For the plain sweet pickled pears, cut the
large fruit into quarters without paring.
Make a syrup of one half pint of water,
and one pint of vinegar to every pint of
sugar; cook the pears in this until tender,
pack closely in jars, cover the pears with
hot syrup, and seal. These make a rich
appetizer to serve with cold meats.

IN CRAB-APPLE TIME

By R. A. AYERS

E our dooryard grows a big grafted
crab-apple tree, bearing on one side the
Transcendent, a large, yellow variety,
with a red cheek, early, sweet—for a
crab-apple—and full of rich, yellow juice;
on the other a late dark-red variety,

almost equally good, though its flesh is,

drier and more mealy than that of the
Transcendent. For canning and preserv-
ing we prefer the Transcendent, while for
pickling and spicing the red variety is al-
most equally good, and both kinds make
the best of jelly—clear, firm and well
flavored. Because of its reliable jellying
quality, we often add to it plum, grape,
blackberry, or some other fruit juice less
likely to harden satisfactorily. From one
quarter to one half of plum or other fruit
will give the flavor of the foreign fruit
without losing the jellying quality. For
a delicate rose flavored jelly add a rose
geranium leaf to the juice when boiling
it with the sugar. A single leaf will flavor
a kettleful of juice. Spiced jelly is a most
delicious relish for cold meats, especially
lamb and veal. To make it, adda cupful
of whole spices sewed into a muslin bag,
to a large kettleful of juice while boiling,
removing the bag just before straining
the juice into the glasses. Use allspice,
stick cinnamon, cassia buds and whole
cloves; adding the last with judgment
because of its dominant flavor.

For the jelly, cut the crab-apples into
quarters and wash them thoroughly in a
colander. Wormholes and decayed spots
must of course be cut out, but it is not
necessary to remove skins, cores, stems
or blossom-ends. Place the fruit in a
porcelain kettle, add cold water to barely
cover, and cook slowly until thoroughly
soft. Mash with a wooden spoon or a
potato masher, and pour into a flannel
jelly bag wrung out of hot water. Drain
over night. In the morning measure the
juice, add an equal quantity of sugar and
boil, skimming carefully until the syrup
begins to thicken on the skimmer. Very
careful housewives strain a second time,
through cheesecloth, before pouring into
the scalded glasses. It often stiffens al-
most as it is poured. Cover with a piece
of cheesecloth and set in the sun for sev-
eral hours. Pour a thin layer of melted
paraffin into each glass to exclude germs.

PRESERVED CRAB-APPLES

Cover the crab-apples nearly with
water. Cook slowly until a little tender,
then carefully skim out and set aside to
cool. For every cup of water left in the

Llastica
Floor

Finish
Makes

Floors

satisfactory results.

painted, stained

linoleum or oilcloth.

E want to know—and we want jou to ™
« know—all about your floors.
show you, as we daily show so many others, how inexpensive
and how easy it is to end permanently all your floor troubles.
ELASTICA is the only floor-varnish which will give you positive,
It is trade-marked like this :—

STANDARD VARNISH WORKS

FLOOR FINISH

Lock for this trade-mark on a Yellow Label:

Whether your floors be old or new, of soft wood or hard wood, painted or un-
or unstained, ELASTICA will preserve them with an elastic,
bright, durable, waterproof finish, ELASTICA can be used just as well over

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

<—, ~“

We want to

All others are imitations

REMEMBER THE NAME E-L-A-S.T-I-C-A
SEND FOR BOOK 94

“How to Finish Floors’’—Home Edition. Profusely illustrated, rich
in suggestions for making and keeping floors beautiful.
for a set of exquisitely colored post-cards showing handsome
interiors, which will be sent with our compliments. Address

Also, ask

How to Make a 100-mile Wireless

29 Broadway, New York; 2620 Armour Ave., Chicago, III.; 301 Mission St.,
San Francisco, Cal.; or International Varnish Co., Ltd., Toronto, Can.
Ask your dealer—Besides ELASTICA Floor Finish we manu- C

facture ELASTICA No. 1 for exterior use—ELASTICA No, 2
for interior use—Satinette White Enamel for interior and
exterior decorations.
other Architectural Finishes

Kleartone Stains and

Telegraph Outfit

The design and construction of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph set is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1605.

The location and erection of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph station is described in Scientific
American Supplement 1622.

In Scientific American Supplement 1623,
tbe installation and adjustment of a 100-mile
wireless telegraph station is fully explained.

The adjustment and tuning of a 100-mile wire-
less telegraph outfit is discussed in Scientific
American Supplement 1624.

The theory and action of a 100-mile wireless
telegraph outfit is explained in Scientific Ameri-
can Supplement 1625.

The management and operation of ship and
shore stations is clearly set forth in Scientific
American Supplement 1628.

These six articles constitute a splendid treatise on the construction, operation

and theory of wireless telegraph instruments.

to any address for 60 cents.

The complete set will be mailed

Single number will be mailed for 10 cents.

Order from your newsdealer or from

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., 361 Broadway, New York, N.Y.

“THE STAR”
ASBESTOS TABLE PAD

\ comma AN

b
»

For protection of polished table top against
damage by hot dishes or moisture.

Made of especially prepared asbestos covered
with heavy double faced cotton flannel, soft
and noiseless.

Made for round, square or oval tables, Folds to con-
venient size to be laid away. Special sizes to order.

The best table pad manufactured.

Better class of dealers sell our goods or can get them
for you.

Doily, Chafing-dish and Platter Mais, size 5 to 18
inches; round, square or oval,

Look for our trade-mark “‘Star.”” Booklet on request.

KERNEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY
156 West 62d Street Chicago, Ill.

writing Life, Accident,

AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

Write for descriptive printed matter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

R $10

LIFE and ACCIDENT Insurance under the famous
AZETNA TEN DOLLAR COMBINATION

Issued by the ETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of
Hartford, Connecticut—the largest company in the world

Health and Liability Insurance.

in extent and variety of protection this policy is without

a rival.

NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED

For $10 a Year (in “ Preferred’? Occupations) this Policy pays:
$2,000.00 for death from Travel, Elevator or Burning Building Accident.
{,000.00 for death from Ordinary Accident.
2,000.00 for loss of limbs or sight as a result of Travel Accident.

1,000.00 for loss of limbs or sight as a result of Ordinary Accident.
(The above amounts increase Ten Per Cent. each year for five years, with-

out additional cost.)

$250 FOR DEATH FROM ANY CAUSE—making a
$3,250 payment possible for LESS THAN THREE CENTS A DAY.
In addition, weekly indemnity is payable for total or partial disability from

Accident.

Our opinion of this Contract has been endorsed by thousands

of satisfied purchasers.

fEtna Life Insurance Co. (Drawer 134!) Hartford, Conn.

Send in the coupon to-day

I am under 65 years of age and in good health. Tell me about AATNA Ten Dollar Combination.
; My name, business address and occupation are written below,

A.H.G. Tear off

October, 1912

kettle add two cups of sugar, boil until
clear, skim and cool. When both are cold
return the fruit to the syrup, and set
again over the fire. The moment it ac-
tually boils remove it from the fire and
put it immediately into cans, sealing as
usual.—Mrs. Leaver.
SPICED CRAB-APPLES

Wipe sound, large crab-apples and re-
move the blossom. In its place put a
whole clove and in every fourth apple an
extra clove. Put the apples in a steamer
and steam until soft; then put them into
cans without crushing. For the syrup
allow one and one half cups of sugar for
a pint of water, and boil until it will just
fill a quart can of the apples. Can and
seal while hot. Do not remove the stems.
—Mrs. Lowell.

SWEET-PICKLED CRAB-APPLES

For eight pounds of fruit make a syrup
by boiling together a quart of good vine-
gar and four pounds of brown sugar.
Take a cup of whole spices, comprising
allspice, stick cinnamon and rather less
of clove than the others, and sew them
in a muslin bag. When the syrup has
boiled gently ten minutes, add the sound
fruit wiped dry, but not peeled, cored,
or broken; remove the bag of spices, and
seal in quart cans while still hot.

For the spiced pears, make the syrup
slightly sweeter, and add a teaspoonful of
ground cinnamon and one of mace for each
quart of syrup; tie the spices loosely in a
bag and cook with the syrup. The tedious
process of heating the spiced syrup and
pouring it over the fruit for several days
in succession (an old-time method of spic-
ing still recommended for some fruits), will
not be necessary with the pears. Cut the
fruit into rather thin slices easily penetrated
by the spiced syrup, cook until the pears
are tender and the syrup thick and rich,
then seal immediately in air tight jars.

SPECIAL TREATMENT REQUIRED.

For pear jellies and preserves, special
treatment will be required. It is useless
to attempt to make pear jelly from the
pears alone, as they possess very little jelly
substance. But when cooked with equal
quantities of tart apples the juice (when
strained and cooked with an equal quantity
of sugar), will form a jelly of the correct
texture and a rich pear flavor.

For the preserves use the pears in the
usual manner, allowing somewhat less than
a pound of sugar for every pound of fruit;
and sufficient water to keep from scorching.
For each quart of fruit add a small lemon,
sliced, and a small piece of ginger root.
Stew gently until the pears are done and
the syrup is rich and thick; and just before
sealing remove the lemon and ginger root
which should impart their flavor without
their presence being known.

CRABAPPLES IN VARIETY

As every good housewife knows, crab-
apples make the very best jelly imaginable,
as the fruit is rich in jelly substance. Un-
fortunately the fruit is utilized but seldom
in other ways. The tiny little pink-cheeked
apples should be made to form picturesque
desserts and sweet pickles ; and when stewed
whole until tender the shapely little apples
may be porcupined and pickled and spiced
in the same manner as the small pears.

QUINCE RINGS

Since the quince parings are so rich in
gelatinous matter, these with a portion of
the cores, will be all that is required for
making the quince jelly ; and the pared fruit
may be reserved for other delicacies. Quince
rings will form a novelty for canning for
future desserts as well as for immediate
use. After carefully paring each large

October, 1912

quince, remove the core with a round apple-
corer without breaking the fruit. Then slice
crosswise in rather thick rings, with the
smooth even hole in each center.

It must be remembered, in forming any
sort of quince conserve, that the fruit must
not be placed in a sugar syrup for cook-
ing; or it will be toughened. It should be
first cooked in plain water until tender,
and then added to a rich sugar syrup, just
before serving or sealing. To avoid break-
ing, it will be best to cook the rings in a
steamer and when tender simmer for a few
minutes in the sugar syrup that has been
cooked down thick and rich. For immedi-
ate use, prepare half a box of gelatine, fol-
lowing the directions on the box, and using
a little of the quince syrup for flavoring.
When firm and cold place the quince rings
on the gelatine, setting the rings carefully
one above another if more than one ring is
desired for each individual dessert dish.
Fill the centers with finely chopped nuts,
and dot the nuts on the gelatine surround-
ing the rings. Seedless raisins, chopped
fine, may also be used for filling the centers
of the quince rings by way of variety.

Canned quinces cut in rings (prepared
as for immediate use and then canned in
the hot syrup without breaking), may form
a variety in desserts that appeal to the
eye as well as the taste, throughout the
winter. When more convenient, whipped
cream may take the place of the chopped
nuts or raisins; or a little of the syrup from
the canned quinces may be floated over
the rings.

TO AVOID “GUMMY” JELLY.

The majority of housewives use the entire
core of the quince, with the parings, to se-
cure the jelly quince. This method that is so
successful with apples is supposed to be the
best plan for quinces, but it invariably re-
sults in “gummy” jelly, that is far from
satisfactory. The glutinous matter sur-
rounding the seeds of quinces will never
form clear, firm-jelly, like that made from
the skins alone, or the skins and cores with-
out the seeds. After saving the parings
from a quantity of quinces used for pre-
serves and for canning, allow at least one
or two whole quinces for each quart of par-
ings. Stew gently in a little water until
tender, and secure the juice by allowing
it to drip through a jelly bag without
squeezing. Then allow one pint of sugar
to each pint of juice for a rich, clear jelly.
When done, pour into the jellv glasses, and
seal with paraffine and the usual tin or
paper caps.

UTILIZING THE PULP

The pulp from the quinces and parings
remaining in the jelly bag, after securing
the juice, may be used to advantage in the
quince jams and marmalades. Press it
through a fine sieve until every particle of
the rich pulp is secured, and only the dry
skins remain. Add this to the quinces
cooked especially for the marmalades, all of
which should be passed through the sieve
when tender, and then simmered gently with
sugar—pound for pound—stirring fre-
quently to prevent burning, while cooking
down to a firm rich texture. This may also
be sealed with paraffine in jelly glasses.

WAY OF THE TRULY GREAT

T is easy in this world to live after the
L world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to
live after one’s own; but the great man is he
who in the midst of the crowd keeps with
perfect sweetness the independence of soli-
tude.—Emerson.

Stand

Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home

Institutions, etc., are identified by the

Black Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re-

Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.

New York 35 West 31st Street Nashville .
Chicago . 900S. Michigan Ave.
Philadelphia. 1128 Walnut Street

Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St., E. Boston
Pittsburgh 106 Federal Street Louisville .
St. Louis 100 N. Fourth Street Cleveland
Cincinnati 633 Walnut Street

andl”

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

and for School, Office Buildings, Public ,

Green and Gold Label, with the exception |
of one brand of baths bearing the Red and |

Dept. 23

315 Tenth Avenue, So.
NewOrleans,Baronne & St.Joseph Sts.
Montreal, Can. . 215 Coristine Bldg.

John Hancock Bldg.
319-23 W. Main Street
648 Huron Road, S.E.
Hamilton, Can. 20-28 Jackson St., W.

~ GUARANTEED
PLUMBING .
FIXTURES _ iN

“Standard” Fixtures by appealing to the child’s mind through
its love of the beautiful make cleanliness attractive. Every member
=| of the household feels the refining influence of “Standard” Fixtures.

quirements of those who demand ‘Standard
quality at less expense. All “Standard”
fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
And*no fixture is genuine unless it bears
the guarantee label. In order to avoid
substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
“Standard” goods in writing (not verbally)
and make sure that you get them. |

PITTSBURGH, PA.

London . . 57-60 Holborn Viaduct
Houston, Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts.
San Francisco, Cal.

Merchants National Bank Building
Washington, D.C. . . Southern Bidg.
Toledo, Ohio . . 311-321 Erie Street
Fort Worth, Tex. . Front and Jones Sts.

Lane Double Timber Hangers

It is of utmost importance to have floor timbers well secured--the stability of

the house depends upon it.

for mortise and tenon or depend upon flimsy spiking.

In your building do not have the timbers cut away

We carry in stock

20,000 timber hangers adapted to all conditions of construction.
Upon request a beautiful aluminum desk model will be sent to those con-

templating building.

LANE BROTHERS COMPANY

Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

xiv AMERICAN

HOMES AND “GAR DEMS

October, 191

% BAY STATE

¢°
of
\Y, Ss. P pt .

Bay State
Brick and Cement
Coating

will protect all concrete or
cement construction against
damage by moisture, will
retard fire, give your building
any tint desired, may be used
as a tint on brick or wood,
is equally advantageous on
stucco or concrete houses,
in mill, bridge or sewer con-
struction. Send at once for

Booklet No. 3.

It was used here

Mr. THOS. LANAHAN'S RESIDENCE
Roland Park, Md.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

INCORPORATED
Paint and Varnish Makers

and Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

EDWARDS
FIREPROOF G A R A G E S
STEEL For Automobiles and Motorcycles
=a wal $30 to $200
jal | Easy to put pe. Soran:
All si 3 ostal brings
- St J eters alee catalog.

THE EDWARDS MFG. CO., 205-255 Eggleston Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio

Made fo order —to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

“You select the color—we’ll make
the rug.’’ Any width—seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone—soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel’s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN THE
ORIENT

N the wonderful contrast with our most

distinguished seats of education, E1
Azhar, the celebrated university of Cairo,
the greatest and oldest high school of the
Mohammedan world, recently passed the
thousandth year of its existence. But un-
like our universities, of which the sys-
tematic management is always a brilliant
phase of their progress, this educational
focus of the Orient is also a remarkable
example of a really unrestricted, perfect
academic freedom. All tribes, peoples
and races are represented in the body of
students embraced by the university, the
number of the last never being the same,
but fluctuating between 2,000 and 3,000.
This extraordinary alma mater, it must
be said, can awaken and retain the affec-
tion and loyalty of students with greater
ease than any other university, for in
very numerous instances the object of the
avowed disciples of her particular cycle
of sciences who enter the consecrated
halls of El Azhar is not merely to attend
the lectures, their residence and work be-
tween the walls of the university being
really a portrayal of their whole lives.
Even the barbers have a permanent sta-
tion in the great vestibule, so that these
special students do not need to leave the
university in any event.

The heart of the institution is the great
court which is splendidly paved. Upon it
scores of little doors open and loggias and
balustrades in great number abound. As
an architectural entity it is a picturesque
oriental masterpiece. Those students who
with least case can pay for a small cell in
the university incur no expense for the
spaces on which they sleep under the
roofs of the great open social hall. There
is no fee for matriculation, and there is
no obligation to pass any examina-
tion. Unsubjected to tests and omit-
ting any stated conclusion of study
there go forth from El Azhar orators,
lawyers, physicians and poets, many a
man among them having lived for decades
within the precincts of this alma mater.
The teachers and professors receive no
salary or other strict compensation; they
live on the voluntary dole and presents of
their pupils, on the meager price of pri-
vate instruction, and on the fees they re-
ceive for copying old books and manu-
scripts. There is no faculty that calls the
professors, no authority that appoints
them; every pupil of the university can
establish himself after a few years of
study independently as a teacher in the
halls of El Azhar, begin to lecture and
to teach the truth as he knows it or be-
lieves he knows it. And under such ap-
parent laxity of administration the great
university continues an existence that is
by no means precarious. In the opinion
of its staunch friends, of its beneficiaries,
and of the young men who are waiting to
throng to its halls, its authority and im-
portance are more obvious and brilliant
and impressive now than ever before.

The zeal and loyalty of the students
who are leaving it at frequent and irreg-
ular intervals are incomparable, and are
the source of a later rivalry, in business
and profession, of such strangeness, pro-
digious keenness and persistency as must
astound the occidental student who may
be quite unfamiliar with oriental customs
and who is graduated only in strict ac-
cordance with the sheer system that pre-
vails during an arduous curriculum, and
is, therefore, much more evenly equipped

for frank competition.

ADE in a wide
range of weaves,
textures and designs to
suit all styles of dec-
oration.

Guaranteed absolutely
color-fast to sun and
water even in the most
delicate shades.

Every bolt tagged with
the guarantee ticket
shown below. Insist on
seeing this tag.

At leading stores every-

for our book, “Draping
the Home.” \4

The Orinoka Mills

Philadelphia
New York Chicage
San Francisco

GUARANTEE
These goods are guaranteed
absolutely fadeless. If color
changes from exposure to
thesunlight F

or from &
washing,

goods or refund the
purchase price,

“THE most modern, and best illuminating _and
cooking service for isolated homes and institutions,

is furnishedby the CLIMAX GAS MACHINE.

Apparatus furnished on TRIAL under a guarantee
to be satisfactory and in advance of all other methods.

Cooks, heats water for bath and culinary purposes,
heats individual rooms between seasons— drives pump-
ing or power engine in most efficient and economical
manner also makes brilliant illumination. — IF
MACHINE DOES NOT MEET YOUR EXPECTA-
TIONS, FIRE IT BACK.

Send for Catalogue and Proposition.

Better than City Gas or Elec-
tricity and at Less Cost.

Low Price
Liberal Terms

C.M. KEMP MFG. CO.

405 to 413 E. Oliver Street, Baltimore, Md.

where. Ask your dealer

the mer- a6

chant is hereby ie
E i authorized to re- +
ante?’ placethemwithnew §

2
7

October, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv

: il
NEW BOOKS A

‘ 3

Book oF Obes (SHI-KING) OF CONFUCIUS.
By L. Cranmer-Byng. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co. Cloth; 16mo.; 57 pages.
Price, 40 cents net.

This little volume in the ‘““‘Wisdom of
the East” series, rendered into English by
one of its two editors, L. Cranmer-Byng, 1s
a translation of Confucius’ “Book of
Poetry,” compiled by the great Chinese
philosopher about the year 500 B.C. from
earlier collections then extant. It is the
more welcome in that it is removed from
only scholarly consideration and, instead, is
brought by Mr. Cranmer-Byng to carry to
every reader a sense of the spirit of the
poems which Confucius felt of such enor-
mous importance to the development of
what one might call the “humanities” in
China. Too long have the great literatures
of the East remained in hand where the
letter of the text has been considered to be
something all-important at the expense of
its spirit. The time has come when one
should stand forth and claim his share in
the revelation of truth and beauty from
other lands and peoples whom our invinci-
ble Western ignorance has in the past
taught us, perhaps, to despise.

MaKING A TENNIS Court. By George E.
Walsh. New York: McBride, Nast &
Company.- 1912.- Cloth. 12mo. 453
pages. Price, 50 cents net.

This tiny book contains a number of
hints that will prove suggestive to anyone
planning to construct a tennis court.

Let’s MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN. By Han-
na Rion. New York: McBride, Nast &
Company. 1912. Cloth. 16mo. 208
pages. Price, $1.35 net.

As the publishers explain in its preface,
several chapters of this book have appeared,
essentially in their present form, in various
magazines. As a pretty little gift-book for
one interested in gardening from its “liter-
ary” point-of-view. The sentiment of gar-
dens and gardening is of perennial delight
and perhaps this little book will bring some
breath of this to those who have not be-
fore been touched-by the love of gardens.

THe WONDERLAND OF Stamps. By W.
Dwight Burroughs. New York:
Frederick A. Stokes Company. New
York, Cloth, 8vo.; 238 pp.; Illustrated.
Price, $1.50 net. :

It has often been said that postage-stamp
collecting is one of the most educational
of pastimes, because of the immense
amount of information about history,
geography, etc., connected with it. Yet few
people understand how many and how
varied are the interesting things told on the
pictures of stamps. In this book a good-
natured uncle with a large stamp collec-
tion, tells his nephews and nieces about the
veritable wonderland it discloses. He de-
scribes the birds and animals from the
antelope of Rhodesia to the zebra of Mada-
gascar, the old Greek games, bits of United
States and foreign history, curious islands,
small records of big wars, a miniature
edition of Don Quixote, the ancient myths,
thumb-nail maps, Christmas stories, ships
and locomotives of all descriptions—all
pictured on postage stamps of various
countries.

~ for Hot-beds

A %-inch layer of dry, still air between the two layers
affords ample protection even in zero weather.

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CoO.,

in their home. Mail coupon for it today.

With the book we will send you samples of two shades of John-
son’s Wood Dye—any shade you select—and a sample of Johnson’s Prepared Wax—all FREE.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

should not be confused with the ordinary water stains
which raise the grain of the wood—or oil stains that
do not sink beneath the surface of the wood or bring
out the beauty of its grain—or varnish stains,
which really are not stains at all but merely surface

No. 126 Light Oak
No. 123 Dark Oak
No. 125 Mission Oak
No. 140 Early English
No. 110 Bog Oak

Polishing Furniture with
JOHNSON’S PREPARED WAX

THE RECREATION OF gest fee
All Winter

WINTER GARDENING
If you use Sunlight Double Glass

UE ECuee Sash you eliminate the work and
have the unalloyed enjoyment of
the lettuce and violets you get from
your hot-beds and cold-frames.
VES y And in the Spring you have early

= ° : ? > lants of all kind t out in th
Double Glass Sash ee a Inds to set out in le

en.

Write for these books. One is our free catalog;
The two layers of glass take the the other is by Professor Massey. It tells how to make

place of mats and boards and care for hot-beds, what and when to plant. 4
cents in stamps will bring Professor Massey's book in
addition to the catalog.

943 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

WE will send you FREE our book ‘“‘The Proper Treat-
ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture” and two
samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax.

You will find this book particularly useful if you are contemplat-
ing building—if you are interested in beautiful interiors—if you want
to secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at least expense. This
book is full of valuable information for everyone who is interested

No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.

Ask your painter or paint dealer to show you panels of wood
finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax.

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

>
Wood With Johnson’s

PLANS and SPECIFICATIONS $10
OF THIS BUNGALOW : :

“The Draughtsman”

1912 Bungalow Book Contains 100 illustrations
of advanced designs of bungalows, featuring
the new Modified Swiss Chalet and Japanese
Architecture. : A A : : A :
PRICE 25 CENTS POST PAID

DE LUXE BUILDING CO.

21 5203 Union League Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal.

a complete finish and polish for all wood—foors,
woodwork and furniture—including pianos. Just
the thing for Mission furniture. ** Very easy to
use. Can be successfully applied over all fin-
ishes imparting a velvety protecting Anish
of great beauty.”’

Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for
sale by all leading paint and drug
dealers If your dealer hasn’t them
in stock he can easily procure
them through his jobber.

Please
Use This
FREE Coupon

Please send Free

Booktet Edition A.

S. G& JOHNSON H. 10 and samples of
& SON Johoson’s Prepared
Racine, Wis Wax and Wood Dye,

The Wocd
Finishing
Authorities

shades Nos

Coloring

Woo Dye

xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS

October, 1912

THE

TEL-ELECTRIC
PIANO PLAYER

is the ONE instrument
into which the music
lover can put his own
musical personality, his

own individuality of

Pacis Magee ceria

expression. It is not

only superior mechanic-
ally to any other player,
but infinitely more
artistic musically.

results.

poser.

of the same grade.

Branch Office, CHICAGO

Landscape Gardening

250-page Catalogue Free Write to-day

Prof. Craig
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

STANDING SEAM

CLINCH right through the

standing seam of metal

roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PATENTED PHILADELPHIA

The Charm of Personally

Producing Music

HE expression devices of the Tel-Electric Piano Player are so
surprisingly simple that they enable one to mirror his every
mood. No other player produces such delightfully artistic

It permits you to interpret perfectly, world-famous
compositions with all the original feeling and all the various
shades and depths of expression that were intended by the com-

Consider these exclusive features of this radically different but
infinitely superior players:—It requires no pumping;
attached to any piano, yet does not obstruct the key-board which
is always free for hand playing ; uses indestructible music rolls which
are wholly unaffected by weather changes or by dampness.
piano with a Tel-Electric attached costs less than a player piano

If you cannot call at one of our stores or agencies and learn for yourself the
truth of our claims for this marvellous instrument,
illustrated catalog, mailed free on request.

THE TEL-ELECTRIC COMPANY, 299 Fifth Ave., New York City

it can be

Any

send for our interesting

Agencies in All the Large Cities

A CEMENT HOUSE

CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY PAINTED AND
WATERPROOFED

Send for booklet illustrated in colors telling how

THE OHIO VARNISH COMPANY
8604 Kirsman Road CLEVELAND, OHIO

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
Water: Paddock Water Filters are placed at the
Inlet an

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

In New York City
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

WHERE THE SHAMROCK Grows. By
George H. Jessop. New York: The
Baker & Taylor Company, 1911. 12mo.;
224 pages. Price, $1 net.

This is not a work on the Irish flora, as
might be inferred from its title and from
its inclusion among reviews of scientific
nublications, but a simole storv of an Irish-
man’s return from America to the land of
his birth. It makes light but thoroughly
wholesome reading, and its comedy-drama
of hot heads and warm hearts is well char-
actered and distinctly entertaining.

THe ART OF THE VIENNA GALLERIES. By
David C. Preyer, A.M. Boston; LivG:
Page & Co., 1911. 12mo.; 331 pagesi
illustrated. Price, $2 net.

In the galleries of Vienna are some six
thousand canvases, many of them of the
first importance and value. Titian, Palma,
Giorgione, Tintoretto, and Rubens, are all
well represented, and numerous paintings
which bear less familiar names have been
acclaimed as almost equal in rank and merit
with those of the accepted masters. In
short, so rich is Vienna in art collections,
that high authority places her above all
other cities save London, Rome, Paris, and |
St. Petersburg. The duo-gravures of the
volume commendably reproduce, or at least
suggest, the handling of light and shade and
the general treatment of the originals. In
Bonovicino’s “St. Justina”—a picture much
praised, which has even been made the
foundation of a German novel—we get the
atmospheric delicacy, the crvstal illumina-
tion, for which the artist is justly famous.
Van Dyck’s “Prince Rhodokanakis” shows
a well-lighted portrait; we instinctively ac-
knowledge the charm of the intellectual
forehead, the sane and kindly side-glance of
the eyes, and the strong, white hand resting
upon the sword-hilt. Rubens is represented
by “The Pelise,’ and Rembrandt by the
portrait of his mother. Ruisdael’s “Great
Forest” is a landscape worthy of mention,
while in “The Glutton” we find a good ex-
ample of Jordaens’ almost brutal fidelity
to the coarser phases of life. Mr. Preyer’s
descriptive writing is vivid, vigorous, and
satisfying. His comparisons are drawn
with a sure touch, and the volume as a
whole cannot fail to make enthusiastic
friends.

THE Principles oF Heatinc. By Will-
iam G. Snow. New York: David Will-
iams Company. 1912; Cloth; 8vo.;
Illustrated ; 224 pp. Price, $2.00 net.

In this volume its author has laid especial
stress on the application of the heat unit to
the solving of heating problems. It is a
technical work by an authority. Among
other interesting paragraphs is one on heat-
ing small swimming pools.

GARDEN DESIGN IN THEORY AND PRACTICE.
By Madeline Agar. Philadelphia; J. B.
Lippincott Company. 1912: Cloth;
8vo.; Gilt tops; Hlustrated in color; 272
Pp. nice pe.00mmer
In writing this book the author has

chosen to omit everything of a purely horti-
cultural nature, such as instructions on cul-
tivation and lists of suitable plants for dif-
ferent soils and situations. Inasmuch as
these particular subjects have been covered
many times in innumerable gardening
books, one is glad to find that here, instead,
stress has been laid upon form in garden
design. In the last few years an interest in
the forms of gardens has been revived,
much to the satisfaction of those who
realize how much this adds to the beauty
of our gardens. Garden Design is well
worth buying, reading and studying.

October, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvil

Tse Master SINGERS OF JAPAN. By Clara
A. Walsh. New York: E. P. Dutton & Look for the Name Yale on Locks and Hardware
€o., 1910. Cloth; 16mo.; 119 pages.
Price, 60 cents net.

In times when everything relating to the
history and literature of Japan has become
of such vivid interest this admirable col-
lection of translations of poems by Japanese
poets will be very welcome, especially to
those who may not have had time or oppor-
tunity to form an acquaintance with more
pretentious works by great Oriental schol-
ars. Inart, as Mr. Stewart-Dick once said,
the European requires that everything
should be stated with the utmost fullness of
a tedious realism, before he can grasp its
meaning, but to the more cultured Japanese
a mere hint or slight suggestion is sufficient.
The reviewer does not know of a better
volume to recommend to the reader who
wishes an introduction to this fascinating
form of Japanese literature.

CuRRENT EpucaTionaL Activities. By
J. P. Garber. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin-
cott Company. 1912; Cloth; 8vo.; 387
Pp.

This is the 1911 volume of “The Annuals
of Educational Progress,” being a report
upon education throughout the world for
that year. It may be that the activities of
the year, here so carefully and capably
noted by Dr. Garber, will speedily bring
to pass such cordial understanding of the

If you don’t see the name Yale on a padlock, you can be sure it
isn’t a Yale Padlock. If you do see it, you can be sure that the lock

53.35 TEAGAGES G2 TES Seale oss uO con is the most dependable padlock you can buy. Yale Padlocks are
tribute in no small way to the solution of i :
the mightiest problem of man—the prob- made in more than two hundred styles and sizes to meet every
lem of imparting ie is followers in the locking need. Each is the best for its price and purpose.
procession of men all that has been bound .
up and labeled as race culture and knowl- Yale Hardware Yale Door Checks Yale Night-latches

1 i ie i The period designs in Yale Yale Door Checks shut the The Yale Cylinder Night-latch
cee, an a a Sane UTS Se nue relating Hardware permit of furnishing door silently, but with a firm No. 44 is a combination night-
oe ee, to_ his eubiee environment a house to the last detail in per- | push which never fails. They latch and dead-lock, offering in
and to his inevitable destiny as to make him fect harmony with its general are made in four styles and all _ the most convenient form the
a worker for his country, a lover of his architectural treatment. necessary sizes. highest security known.
kind, a reverent believer in his God. Ask for two entertaining and informing little books:

“50 Uses for a Padlock” and “The Story of the Little Black Box”

Deal ll Yale Padlock
Mopern IttumrnaTion. By H. C. Horst- eu ed Wet orm oa ore pccr le mele auecloces

mann and V. H. Tousely. Chicago:

Flexible leather; 16mo.; Illustrated; Makers of YALE Products

273 pp. Price, $1.50. Local Offices General Offices: 9 Murray Street, New York

Modern Illumination is a handbook of | ff) Sit Gvancrscos 14 Iualto Building Exhibit Rooms : 251 Fifth Avenue, New York
practical information for users of electric Canadian Yale & Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

light, architects, contractors and electric-
ians. It contains a large amount of useful
information, and home builders will find it

of service. MODEL EE TOURING CAR

5-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase

PuitipsE Manor Hatt. By Edward $900 f.o.b. Detroit :
Hagaman Hall. New ce "The R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

American Scenic and Historic Pre See it at local branch in all large cities
servation Society. 1912. Cloth; 8vo.; SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE

Tilustrated 5 255 PP- Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-

When it is recalled that there was hardly reyes Pe Reis Coa ee es

any phase of the pioneer and colonial life THE WAVERLEY COMPANY

of New York and adjacent ESR Fie Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.
wealth that was not connected, either di-
rectly or indirectly, with the site of Philipse PROTECT our foors

and floor

Manor Hall, the building or its owners, coverings from injury.. Also beautify
the importance of Mr. Hall’s excellent } | Zour furniture by using Glass Onward

: : Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
monograph will be more fully appreciated. PISCE O ueastcie- py Made inp 110) styles
and sizes. If your dealer will not

The history is an interesting one, clearly supply you

set forth and well illustrated and one that Uiee rama Mees Co.

every student of Americana will wish to Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. e
i , ; a5 -S.F.S. fi : mtivo to four feet tall, and produce many
have in his library. o - = wers, Best ofall, the plants are str

do not need staking.

* ; All the Colors of the Rainbow are

Te Erne Py ? Painted on the Petals of the Phloxes
The deepest violet blends with the softest lavender, the
fiery scarlet and crimson shades to th ure white of the
driven snow.’ When planted in m , Or among the
shrubs, Phloxes are among the best of the hardy garden
flowers. I want you to have some of the Phloxes grown
at Wyomissing Nurseries, For years I have made Phloxes
7 a speeialty and my collection-embraces many new sorts im-
Entrances ‘ f] ported from Europe. My Book ‘ Farr's. Hardy
Se] Elants,’’ gives a list of all the varieties of Pfiaxes
Benches, Pedestals at Wyomissing, as well as Peonies, Delphinfums»-Raspies
U @) and Irises. I will send youa copy if you are iuterested

Fonts, Vases, Busts, ee a’ in these hardy plants, or in Roses and Shrubs.
Reg

Farr’s Phloxes are _
Flowers for the Beginner

“rom early July to late August the Phloxes will make
rden aspot of wondrous beauty—f
Peonies and the orchid-like
are the most useful and lovabl

Tue First Book or PHotocrapHy. By
C. H. Claudy. New York: McBride,
Nast & Company. 1912. Cloth. 12mo.
115 pages. Price, 75 cents net. Benches

This is a little primer of the theory and
practice of photography for beginners and
contains much useful information well pre-
sented.

FRANCIS HOWARD
5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.

Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet 1 ae BERTRAND H. FARR
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599 he 3 mag O43E Penn Street Reading, Pa.

XVill

SSE SS. RSS. EE EE KSN

Andorra-Grown Peonies

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Music

Every piece you can think
of—every piece you ever
heard, and thousands that
you never heard but would
like to hear—are instantly
included in your re-
pertoire.

They cover every class
of music—popular,

ance, comic-opera,
musical comedy, grand-
opera, classic, sacred.
All the old familiar
favorites as_ well
as the very latest
hits.

>]
“ Autumn’

a beautiful composition by
Chaminade is one o
many thousand bieces that
you can play if you own
a Kranich & Bach Player-
Piano—“‘ the most Auman
of all.”

Even though you know
nothing about piano-play-
ing, your performance is
technically perfect; and,
better still, you can play
with true perxsona/ musical
expression, exactly like
the most _ experienced
Pianist.

You can play
Thousands of pieces on the

KRANICH & BACH

PLAYER-PIANO

The Highest Grade Player-Piano in the
World Built Completely in one Factory

Only the technique—the striking of the right notes at the right
instant—is automatic. Every phase of musical expression is under
absolute personal control of the performer. And “expression” is what
makes music—not technique.

The KRANICH & BACH PIANO is famous as one of the half-
dozen really first-grade pianos. The Kranich & Bach Player Action
is exclusively a K. & B. product—invented by us and made by us,
in every detail, in the same factory with the piano. It is, therefore,
equally as perfect as the piano, and is to be had only in KRANICH
& BACH PLAYER-PIANOS,

Among the many exclusive features of superiority, one of the
most important is the TRIL-MELODEME or TRIPLE SOLO
device, which enables you personally to “bring out” the melody
whether in bass, tenor or treble, and subdue all else.

Complete and interesting literature will be sent on request; also

a sample copy of THE PLAYER
MAGAZINE.

Sold on Convenient Monthly
Payments if Desired

“Tri-Melodeme” (Melody-Marked)
Music-rolls with Special Artistic Tempo
Interpretations, make expressive play-
ing easy and quickly acquired. These
can be used with any player-piano.

Kranich & Bach

233-245 East 23rd St.
New York City

For OCTOBER Planting

We catalog a collection of choice varieties, with complete descriptions, in our
Calendar of Perennials

SPECIAL OFFER

TO CLEAR A BLOCK

Four-year-old Plants, good standard sorts,

in varieties of our selection.

Per Dozen .. .

$4.0¢

October, 1912

THE HOME WORK SHOP

By EDGAR MORTON

HERE is perhaps no department of

the house so often overlooked and yet
which would provide such pleasure and
practical help as a small work room which
might be called a factory in miniature. In
every home, in city or country, there are
numerous small repairs to be attended to
but which are generally left undone be-
cause they are hardly of sufficient im-
portance for the calling in of a carpenter
or a plumber. Then too, one can never
be quite sure where the hammer is or who
has borrowed the nails or forgotten to re-
turn the screwdriver, and to hunt up these
missing but very necessary tools would re-
auire considerably more time, perhaps, than
the work would be worth.

The revival of interest in the various
arts and crafts has produced a great army
of home workers in wood carving, basket
making, various forms of metal work and
other kinds of craftsmanship which can be
developed only with difficulty if one must
work in the living room or in some other
part of the house where the necessary dis-
order or noise made would annoy the other
members of ,the family. Even the house-
keeper who is most interested in the carbed
chests or plate racks which the family
craftsman produces will be apt to look ask-
ance at the shavings and sawdust which
must be made and upon the array of tools
required even though she fully realizes
their importance and necessity. The mem-
bers of the family who are tired: out with
the day’s work can hardly be expected to
enthuse over the noise necessary in work-
ing brass, silver or copper into form, or
in the turning of the bathroom into a place
for developing the pictures of the family
photographer.

The growth of the teaching of manual
training has caused its introduction into
many public schools and the courses as
taught at present pre-suppose if they do
not actually require a certain amount of
home work which cannot be done to the
ereatest advantage unless there be some
place where the young student may be free
to work without disturbing the other mem-
bers,of the household. Many young people,
boys particularly, take a keen interest
in wireless telegraphy and its importance
has caused it to be included in the school
courses of one of our largest American
cities. To obtain really successful results
the instruments used in this form of teleg-
raphy should be placed in permanent posi-
tion and left untouched by anyone except-
ing the young operator to whom they be-
long and this cannot often be done in the
family rooms of the home.

Various forms of craftsmanship, such as
book-binding and weaving require space
where the work may remain for hours or

days undisturbed for a heavy book press or:

a complicated rug or tapestry loom cannot
always be removed or hidden away the
moment one ceases work, and yet most
families would overlook with disfavor upon
having these unwieldy and somewhat awk-
ward devices permanently exhibited in the
family living room. Almost everyone,

pane

young or older, has some hobby and its in-
dulgence, besides often being extremely
practical, gives more rest, pleasure and re-
laxation than is understood by those whose
hobby consists in having no hobby, and a
little workshop is particularly necessary
for those whose tastes are toward mechani-
cal pursuits. s

In one small country home there is-a
workshop shared by three members of- the e
family each of whom is interested in some i

Two Dozen . .
FGbiCy.27) teense voter
Hundred... .

ANDORRA NURSERIES
Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor
Box N Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.

Te ee Send For Fall Price List
Partial View of Peony Exhibition at Andorra

7.00
13.00
25.00

October, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

form of creative work. One of them is
skilled in wood carving and his work bench
is stocked with the tools which his work
requires and drawers below the bench con-
tains plans, pictures and diagrams of work
which is to be done or else is under way.
Another of the two has developed a talent
for photography and his apparatus with a
tiny closet for a dark room, occupies an-
other corner of the workshop. Another
corner is fitted with looms and other de-
vices for weaving rugs and other fabrics
the designs for which are studied from
the pieces on exhibition in various galleries
or museums. This particular workshop
fills the greater part of the garret of an
old-fashioned house and the young workers
declare that whatever skill they have ac-
quired in their work, together with their
pleasure in attaining it, has been very
largely due to their having a place where
they could have their carving tools, photo-
graphic chemicals and hand looms without
inconveniencing the other members of the
family.

The most modest space will suffice for
such a workroom and in most instances a
very small place will be adequate. It may
be in a garret, basement or in a building to
itself, the requirements being, of course,
that it be quite dry, and heated during cold
weather even if by only the most primitive
of stoves. A fair amount of daylight 1s, of
course, necessary and some kind of illu-
mination at night—gas if possible, or a
lamp, though, of course, the best light
would be electricity with one portable light
attached to a cord that it may be used to
illuminate certain spots upon which work
is being done. A sink will, of course, be of
help particularly if it he provided with hot
as well as cold water.

A strong and solid work bench should
be provided, though a heavy table can be
made to answer the purpose. A vise is
required for almost any form of carpentry
or craftsmanship where an object must be
held rigidly in position and the vise is usu-
ally placed at the edge of the work bench.
The tools may be placed in racks, for if
they be kept in chests or drawers it will
usually be found that the tool required 1s at
the bottom of the pile. Then, too, if a
rack be used or if the tools are hung in
some way it will be much easier to keep
their edges in an accurately sharpened con-
dition, which is the pride of every crafts-
man and which is necessary for successful
work.

PROTECTING FRUIT TREES

OUNG fruit trees often suffer in

Winter from the depredations of rab-
bits and mice. The best way to prevent
damage by these pests is to paint the
trunks of the trees with pure white lead
and raw linseed oil. Another and simple
plan is to wrap tarred paper around the
trees or to use wire screening. Some peo-
ple have found strips of wood veneer easy
to handle and satisfactory as to results.
Smearing the trees with fresh liver or
blood is a method often adopted in rural
sections. Feeding the rabbits by cutting
off branches and throwing them on the
snow is a humane way of meeting the
trouble they cause. Rabbits work on top
of the snow and mice underneath. A
simple way to circumvent the latter is to
make mounds of earth around the trees in
the Fall and to tramp down the snow
when it falls. Corn stalks may be set
closely about small trees and tied to-
gether with wires in such a way as to
prevent either rabbits or mice reaching
the bark.

Have a Home Like This

aed

ee)
Og ¥ :

hae

floors, and Vitralite, The Long-Life White Enamel for all white effects.

y NELL your painter and architect you want ‘61’? Floor Varnish on your

“61”? Floor Varnish will give you beautiful and durable floors that are

easy to take care of.
thoroughly clean them.

“61°? gives a finish that /as¢s on old or new
floors and linoleum —is mar-proof, heel-proof
and water-proof — will not turn white, show
heel marks nor scratches. It is the finish you
have been looking for. Prove it by sending for

Free Floor Booklet and Sample Panel

They need only be wiped with a damp cloth to
““61’’ ends the drudgery of constant cleaning.

If you want a white enamel finish in your
home to be proud of, use Vitralite, The Long-
Life White Enamel, on wood, metal or plaster,
old or new—inside or outside. Givesa smooth,
porcelain-like gloss that is water-proof.

Vitralite Booklet and Sample Panel

finished with '61.’? Test it.
onit. You may dent the wood but thé varnish won’t crack.
Also send for Free Booklet — Decorative Interior Finishing, on
home decorationand finishing. It contains many helpful hints.

Hit it with a hammer — stamp finished with Vitralite, sent free, will demonstrate to you its
superiority. Writeforthem. Vitralite is pure white and stays
white — will not crack nor chip. It is economical because
it spreads easily and covers so much surface.

Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products are used by painters, specified by architects and sold by paint
and hardware dealers everywhere. Address all inquiries to Pratt & Lambert-Inc.119Tonawanda St.,
Buffalo, N. Y. In Canada, 63 Courtwright St., Bridgeburg, Ontario.

(itvalitie

The Long-Life

WHITE ENAMEL

(Ee

Sample and
Circular
Free

A House Lined with

Mineral Wool

as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,

Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,

nor insects can make their way through or live init.

MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY

VERTICAL SECTION,

vad fm CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR.

xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1912

Important New Books for the Country Home

Furnishing the Home of Good Taste.
By Lucy Abbot Throop

Miss Throop, who is an interior decorator practising in New York, has writ-
ten what is undoubtedly the most valuable and concise survey of the period styles
of decoration—styles that have furnished the basis for most of the present day ideas
regarding furniture and furnishing. After completing this interesting survey of the
past, Miss Throop takes up in great detail the home of to-day with particular
emphasis on the country home and shows how either period styles or other modern
adaptations may be consistently carried out. All the details of furniture, hangings,
rugs and so on, even to the porch equipment, are thoroughly and entertainingly

discussed, with an abundance of pictures. $2.00 net, postage 20c.

A Book of Distinctive Interiors.
Edited by William A. Vollmer
== It is a dificult matter to carry out a thoroughly consistent scheme of interior
decoration and furnishing without practical and helpful suggestions in the way of photographs of other
successful homes. Inthis book, with its hundreds of illustrations which have been chosen by reason of the
good taste and skill displayed in their furnishing and decoration, there are chapters on all the rooms
of the house—living-room, dining-room, kitchen, nursery and so on. $1.00 net, postage 1¢c.

The Furniture Designs of Chippendale, Hepplewhite and Sheraton.
With Introduction by Arthur Hayden.

A magnificent reprint of the original books of furniture designs—books that were issued by their
famous authors when at the height of their power and prestige, and which in the original editions are now
almost priceless. ‘The work is available in a Library Edition of three volumes, one devoted to each of the
three masters, at $6 net (postage 30c.) or $16.50 net for three volumes, boxed (expressage 50c.) besides
which the three books are combined in a single large volume at $15 net (expressage 50c. )

A Book of House Plans.
By W. H. Butterfield and H.W. Tuttle.

The authors are two practising New York architects who have prepared a series of designs for homes
of character costing $3,000 to $6,000. These designs are illustrated by perspective views and floor plans
with interior perspectives, and in some cases photographs of designs that have already been built. Full
working drawings and specifications of each of the designs shown, may be purchased from the author.
$2.00 net, postage 20c.

Gardening Indoors and Under Glass.
By F. F. Rockwell
A book that makes clear the secrets of prolonging the joys and rewards of home gardening through
these months of the year that are usually considered barren. The choice, care and propagation of all house
plants, the construction and management of hotbeds and coldframes, and the possibilities of a small green-
house are all thoroughly discussed. Besides enabling us to have fresh vegetables and flowers out of season, §
Mr. Rockwell’s book helps us to get the earliest start inthe garden. Illustrated. $1.20 net, postage 10c. }

Royal Copenhagen Porcelain.

By Arthur Hayden
A volume on the famous ware made at the Royal Copenhagen Factory, porcelain that is not only fam- |
ous all over the world, but has set a new style in porcelain decoration which is being followed at most of
1 the Continental factories. It may be truly said that this is one of the most sumptuous books ever produced
Fon the subject of porcelain. Illustrated in full color and fine half-tone. Send for prospectus. $15.00 net, |
expressage 50.

3 NEW “MAKING” BOOKS

Making a Bulb Garden. By Grace Tabor. It is possible Making a Garden with Hotbed and Coldframe. By {
to bave a bulb garden not only to bring the first bloom of spring but C. H, Miller. The ease with which the fruitful garden season may jf
to carry this dependable and stately bloom on through the summer be prolonged by the use of a few glazed sash is set forth in this little
months, The secret lies in choosing the right bulbs for each volume and the care and management of the hotbed and coldframe
particular location. thoroughly covered.

Making a Fireplace. By Henry H. Saylor. AM well con-
structed fireplace should not smoke and it should be made a dis-
tinctive feature of the room. There is a right way to construct a
fireplace and it is not difficult.

Mlustrated. Each 50c. net, postage Sc.

Your Bookseller can supply you. Send for catalogue.
McBride, Nast & Co., Publishers, “New yore

Practical Steam and
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation

By ALFRED G. KING

Octavo, 402 Pages. Containing 304 Illustrations
Price, $3.00, Postpaid

An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation

HIE standard and latest book published. Tells how to get heating contracts,
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus. Describes all of the prin-
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating,
together with the rew accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost; and such other
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors,

journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders.
; This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in

text, diagrams and illustrations,
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap-
— os § Paras. I\.. Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue.
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds. VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. XI. Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat-
ing. XIJI. Hot-Water Heating. XIV. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances.
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. XVII. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous
Heating. XIX. Radiator and Pipe Connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot-
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances. XXIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and Boiler Covering.
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXVI. Business Methods. XXVIi. Miscellaneous.
XXVITI. Rules, Tables and Useful Information.
Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating
Apparatus are Given.

MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

BOOKS

WE HAVE JUST ISSUED A

NEW CATALOGUE of scientific
and technical books, which contains the titles
and descriptions of 3500 of the latest and
best books covering the various branches of
the useful arts and industries.

OUR “BOOK DEPARTMENT”

CAN SUPPLY these books or any
other scientific or technical books published,
and forward them by mail or express pre-
paid to any address in the world on receipt
of the regular advertised price.

SEND US YOUR NAME AND
ADDRESS, AND A COPY OF

this catalogue will be mailed to you, free of
charge.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
361 Broadway New York City

HATE

A Ruined Aenple

T° the woman who has lost her

Rusband. life seems like a ruined

temple. He may have been
among the 75 per cent. of the adult
population who die leaving no estate.
If he left a small home, the interest
on the mortgage may have to be met.
Food, shelter ‘and reasonable comfort
- must be provided for herself and her
children, and unaccustomed to bread
winning what can she do to prevent
the utter ruin that impends?

The proceeds of a Guaranteed Low
Cost Monthly Income Policy of The
TRAVELERS coming each month pro-
vides the necessities of life, and be-
comes the foundation upon which she

can build for the future.

The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn. A.H.G.

Please send particulars. My name, address and date of birth
are written below

BILTMORE NURSERY
GROWS MANY FLOWERING
TREES AND SHRUBS

HE variety of blooms borne by the
flowering trees and shrubs that may Pie
be purchased from Biltmore Nursery, Yee
will prove a revelation to you. White, lav-
ender, pink, red, crimson, yellow and a myriad
other shades await your option. The delicate
charms of the Clethra and the rugged grace of ¥
the Locust are yours to choose from. With
judicious selection a succession of flowers may be
had from spring until fall.
For those bewildered by the wealth of floral
» treasures, Biltmore Nursery has made assort-
ments of the most showy and satisfactory
trees and shrubs that flower, and offers sets
of those that will meet every requirement of
purse and preference.

THE BOOK TELLS WHICH
PLANTS ARE BEST FOR YOU

To show the wealth of beauty available to the pianter,
Biltmore Nursery has issued a new edition of the book,
“Flowering Trees and Shrubs.’ Each page unfolds
new beauties of form and color of flower. Many of
the rarer and more desirable species of hardy trees
and shrubsare called to the attention of connoisseurs
of outdoor beauty. Notes on culture, a part of thede-
scriptions, show the adaptability of the stock to the
different soils and climates, and make it easy for
the buyer to select the kinds best adapted to his

own location.

A copy of this beautiful book will be sent free
to those who contemplate planting soon

Biltmore Nursery

Box 1404

BILTMORE, N. C.

CONCRETE POTTERY AND GARDEN FURNITURE

By RALPH C. DAVISON

HIS book describes in detail in a
most practical manner the var-
ious methods of casting concrete
for ornamental] and useful pur-
poses and covers the entire field

of ornamental concrete work. It tells
how to make all kinds of concrete vases,
ornamental flower pots, concrete pedes-
tals, concrete benches, concrete fences,
etc. Full practical instructions are given
for constructing and finishing the differ-
ent kinds of molds, making the wire
forms or frames, selecting and mixing
the ingredients, covering the wire frames
and modeling the cement mortar into
form, and casting and finishing the
various objects. With the information
‘given in this book any handyman or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement
for the adornment ofthe home or garden. The author has taken for
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material,
and has explained each progressive step in the various operations
throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented
with many half-tone and line illustrations which are so clear that
no one can possibly misunderstand them. The amateur craftsman
who has been working in clay will especially appreciate the adapt-
ability of concrete for pottery work inasmuch as it is a cold process
throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln firing which
is necessary with the former material. The information on color
work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as-
there is little known on the subject and there is a large growing de-
mand for this class of work. Following is a list of the chapters
which will give a general idea of the broad character of the work.

I. Making Wire Forms or Frames. VIII. Selection of Aggregates.
Il. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod- 1X. Wooden Molds—Ornamental Flower
eling the Cement Mortar into Form, Pots Modeled byHand and Inlaid with
Ill. Plaster Molds for Simple Forms, Colored Tile.
IV. Plaster Molds for Objects having . Concrete Pedestals.
Carved Outlines. . Concrete Benches,
V. Combination of Casting and Model- . Concrete Fences,
ing—An Egyptian Vase. Miscellaneous, including Tools,
VI. Glue Molds. Water proofing and Reinforcing.
VIL. Colored Cements and Methods Used '
for Producing Designs with same.
16 mo. 54x72 inches, 196 pages, 140 illustrations, price $1.50 postpaid
This book is well gotten up, is printed on coated paper and a-
bounds in handsome illustrations which clearly show the unlimited
pos=ibilities of ornamentation in concrete.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers

361 BROADWAY NEW YORK

NTT

DA} nM THAT

Funts Fine FurNnITURE
COLONIAL REPRODUCTIONS

One of the main efforts of our crafts-

men has been to produce furniture of

LHVTUUUTHHUUUN

the pure Colonial Style, correct in dimen-

)
t

sions and proportions, and keep con-
stantly before them our motto “Flint
Quality ” in construction.

We have a very large variety cf
Colonial Furniture Reproductions in
complete suites, or single pieces for
every room in the house, many of them
reproduced from rare, antique models.

Inspection of our new Fall designs is
cordially invited.

Geo. C. Fuint Co.

43-47 WEsT 23% ST:

AAUINUUUOLIVOUURUUELUQUVUUVOUUUUUOUUULULTYURAUTLUOAUULU SU UU UAE et

AL Ua CN
!

!
t

24-28 West 24°ST

UWUUUUUUTALAU

NAA Han TH

Handy Man’s Workshop

and Laboratory
Compiled and Edited by A. RUSSELL BOND

12mo, 6x 8% inches, 467 pages, 370 illustrations
Price, $2.00 Postpaid

A Collection of Ideas and Suggestions for the Practica]
Man

VERY practical mechanic, whether amateur or professional, has been con-
K fronted many times with unexpected situations calling for the exercise
of considerable ingenuity. The resourceful man who has met an issue of
this sort successfully seldom, if ever, is adverse to making public his methods of
procedure. After all, he has little to gain by keeping the matter to himself and,
appreciating the advice of other practical men in the same line of work, he is only
too glad to contribute his own suggestions to the general fund of information.
About a year ago it was decided to open a department in the Scientifie Amer-
ican devoted to the interests of the handy man. There was an almost immediate
response. Hundreds of valuable suggestions poured in from every part of this
country and from abroad as well. Not only amateur mechanics, but profes-
sional men, as well, were eager to recount their experiences in emergencies und
offer useful bits of information, ingenious ideas, wrinkles or “‘kinks’’ as they
are called. Aside from these, many valuable contributions came from men in
other walks of life—resourceful men, who showed their aptness at duing things
about the house, in the garden, on the farm. The electrician and the man in
the physics and chemical laboratory furnished another tributary to the flood
of ideas. Automobiles, motor cycles, motor boats and the like frequently call
for a display of ingenuity among a class of men who otherwise would never
touch a tool. These also contributed a large share of suggestions that poured
in upon us. It was apparent from the outset that the Handy Man’s Workshop
Department in the Scientific American would be utterly inadequate for so
large a volume of material ; but rather than reject any really useful ideas for
lack of space, we have collected the worthier suggestions, which we present in
the present volume. They have all been classified and arranged in nine
chapters, under the following headings :

I., Fitting up a Workshop ; II., Shop Kinks; III., The Soldering of Metals
and the Preparation of Solders and Soldering Agents; IV., The Handy Man in
the Factory; V., The Handy Man’s Experimental Laboratory ; VI., The Handy
Man’s Electrical Laboratory ; VII., The Handy Man about the House; VIIL.,
The Handy Sportsman ; IX., Model Toy Flying Machines.

MUNN & CO.,., Inc.

361 BROADWAY NEW YORK

STANDARD Od;
INT

e
oF AA si

HE protection and. beauty depend much
upon the paint you use; but if you
specify “‘High Standard’ you have
the certainty of permanent colors and long

-wear. The product of forty years of scientific
paint-making, testing and using, it has steadily
proved to be the paint that gives best results.

This is because the materials are the finest
the market affords; because they are pro-
portioned with scientific accuracy and care,
and mixed and grovnd by the most modern
machines.

And remember—

It’s Not the Price per Gallon
but the Years of Service

that determines the cost of your painting.
The greater spreading power of High Stand-
ard makes it go farther; its strength and
covering power give better and longer pro-
tection from the elements, and the richness
and permanency of the colors give a beauty
that endures. It is the economical paint,
as time always proves.

vy.

High Standard Paint
a Good Investment

Every dollar you spend in painting with
Lowe Brothers High Standard Paint now
will save you ten times as much depreciation
in the value of your house in the next five
years. Figure the interest return; would
any business man be guilty of neglect ?

For the interiors use

“Soft as the Rainbow Tints ”’

the most beautiful of all flat wall finishes.
The artistic beauty of Mellotone makes it a
necessity in the finest rooms, while the fact

that it is washable, sanitary and durable,
gives it a special value for bedrooms, dining-
room, kitchen, bathroom, etc. Far more
desirable than calsomine, and more’ sanitary
than paper, it is more economical than either
when length of service is considered,

For the woodwork use

Linduro Enamel

the highest grade enamel made, and a very
popular finish for the better homes. It is
very tough and durable and does not crack,

chip or easily mar. Suitable for either gloss
or rubbed finish.

Get These Free Books

Drop us a postal and we will send you,
free, our books of valuable paint informa-
tion, ‘‘Homes Attractive from Gate to Garret,’
and ‘‘ Harmony in Color.’’? ‘‘Good Homes by
Good Architects,’ giving detailed suggestions
for building and decorating both exteriors
and interiors, will be sent for 25 cents.

THE LOWE BROTHERS COMPANY

469 East Third Street, DAYTON, OHIO

Boston New York Chicago

Kansas City

Lowe Brothers, Limited, Toronto, Canada

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishe

W YORK, N. Y.

ee
\ EERE

QR Ni
LOMO

The White Berle Limousine

The Latest Production of the Most Progressive
Motor Car Company of America

Ee White Berline marks the highest development
of the modern motor car, both in beauty of body
design, and merit of chassis construction. Every
small detail which adds to comfort, convenience, and
safety of operation has been carefully and success-
fully executed.

__ The logical combination of left-side drive with \ a
right-hand control, places the driver in the proper aeull\
BO position to handle the car with the greatest amount
NIV of safety in traffic, a very important factor in closed
eee Uae cars. The left-side position of the steering wheel,
JI DIT together with the White Electrical Starting and Light-
2S ing System, makes it possible to reach the driving
seat, start, and light the car without the necessity of
stepping into the street. When the services of the
chauffeur are not required, the glass partition back of
the driving seat can be instantly dropped out of
sight, throwing the entire interior into one compartment.

BE
tS
=
~(
eel
| #
| '
EF
E* (

TISSS

———
= :
SSS SA 7) VL
——— =
oa ° ra NNN a TT —TI Ty

NS
Wy

White Berline Limousines are built in Forty and
Sixty horse-power models.

SSSSE=

The Whit fe eal) Company

CLEVELAND

SZ
=

Z>
i lh
lf

ZZ
ENS F|
Bk

= >
SSi/
\

SSE

LMNWSN

AZZ

Manufacturers of
asoline Motor Cars,

Trucks and Taxicabs.

SS Of

_ HIN

igen \
S|

Treg

S51

November, 1912

. FEEDING FOR WINTER EGGS
By E. I. FARRINGTON

HE singing hen is the hen that lays.

And the singing hen is the happy, con-
tented, busy hen. Given a dry, wind-proof
house, with plenty of fresh air and sun-
shine, the mental condition of the hen will
depend largely upon what she is fed, and
how. Judging from her actions, a hen lives
to eat, but from her owner’s point of view,
she eats to lay. The question of feeding,
then, is of the greatest importance when
Winter eggs are the aim.

It must be assumed that the flock is made
up of well-matured pullets which have been
carefully grown, or else of hens not over
two years old. There are no feeding for-
mulas which will extract eggs from hens
which are in no condition to produce eggs.

Hens like variety. Moreover, they dif-
fer in their tastes. Monotony in diet is sure
to result in a smaller consumption of food,
while the object of the feeder is to make
the birds eat as much as he can. The more
food swallowed, the greater the egg crop,
provided other conditions are right and that
the food is eaten with zest. The standard
poultry grains are wheat, oats and corn, but
it is highly desirable to add a litle Kaffir
corn, millet seed, barley and sunflower seed
as appetizers. A tested and satisfactory
combination for a regular Winter feed con-
sists of three pounds of wheat, two pounds
of corn, one pound of oats and one-half
pound of buckwheat. This latter grain,
which is heating, is to be given only in
Winter.

Now if these grains are set before the
fowls in pans, either mixed or separately,
where the hens may eat as much as they
like at any time, they will consume less than
they will if the ration is buried in a deep
litter so that they will be forced to hunt for
it. There are other reasons why litter feed-
ing is very desirable. Exercise is imper-
ative and there is no better way for the hen
to take it than in feeding herself. It is the
way Nature intended her to take it and the
way which appeals most strongly to her in-
stinct. By scratching in the litter all day,
she keeps herself warm even in the coldest
weather and in an open-front house. And
instead of stuffing her crop periodically and
then waiting until it is empty to repeat the
operation, she keeps it partly filled all the
time, which is the natural way and the way
she would do if she were roaming the fields
under a midsummer sun.

The litter itself should be at least six
inches deep and preferably of rye straw,
more of which should be added from time
to time until it is soiled and broken into
bits, when it should be removed. Leaves
make fair litter, but pack quickly and need
to be loosened frequently with a fork.
Chopped cornstalks make a litter which the
hens like, for parts of the stalks will be
edible. Clover chaff contains seeds of
which the hens are fond. The depth of the
litter must be made to depend upon the
kind of birds kept. Leghorns are not able
to work in litter as deep as that which will
furnish the heavier Plymouth Rocks just
the right amount of exercise. If the litter

i Mam =X

“fh

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS / “EMITUS

pe aai@ produce furniture after the manner of the

brothers Adam, Thomas Chippendale, Thomas
: ji Sheraton—names which are names to conjure
U with i in furniture—it is needful to think their
SSIES thoughts and to feel their moods.

This is why many of our period pieces are not copies
but correct interpretations. Our master designers and
master workers know the spirit of the old masters and their
motives; such men are not copyists. They express the thought of lasting
charm and constant beauty in rich woods. Because we want you to know
that your purchase is an expression of the motif which actuated these old mas-
ters and will stand the test of time, we zm/ay our shopmark in each piece.
Ask that it be shown to you, for it means that Berkey & Gay furniture is

For Your Children’s Hetrlooms

UR dealers, with the displays “‘ Oieicnincre: Furniture,”

SERBS

on their floors and our beau- is the title of our famous de

tiful portfolio of direct photo- luxe book, which gives the
gravures, enable you to choose from _ history of period furniture and much
our entire line, wherever you may _ interesting and valuable information
live. concerning its uses. You will enjoy
For bedroom, dining-room, living- reading the book; we will mail it to
room or library our period pieces you for fifteen two-cent stamps.
offer distinction and charm; and We will also send
our ‘ Flanders,’’ a style which we ‘“‘ The Story of Ber-
originated and developed, demon- key& Gay.” Ifyou
strates the real richness of our Am-_ have a boy he will
erican wood—oak. find inspiration in it.

This inlaid mark of

Berkey & Gay Furniture Co.
honor identifies to you each

178 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan Ce ERONG ee
b . =
OOOO SOO SS

JUST PUBLISHED

Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users

By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E.
Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations.

Price, $2.50, Postpaid

HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in

the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work.
The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of
interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The
matter 1s presented In logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully
illustrated and free from involved mathematics. E-verything of value to the
concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the
various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of
the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its
thorough treatment of the subject:

I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. IJ. Glossary of Terms Employed in
Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary and
Hydraulic. V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII Inspection and
Testing. IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone.
XI. Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and
Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks.
XVIII. Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. Concrete
Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works.
XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII. Concrete Arches
and Abutments. XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work.
XX Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. OSU Con-
crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. Concrete for Ornamentation. XXXV. Con-
crete Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. XXXVII. Vw ater-

proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for
Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Poultry, Pet
ann Live Stork

Direriory

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK
We carry the largest stock in America of

ornamental birds and animals. Nearly 60
acres of land entirely devoted to our busi-
ness.

WENZ& MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Department C. Bucks County, Yardly, Pa:
R A : "@ DANYSZ VIRUS is a
Bacteriological Preparation

AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse+
like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube,
75c; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000
aq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now.

Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York

KILLED B Y SCIENCE

G. D. TILLEY

Naturalist

Beautiful Swans, Fancy
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes,
Storks, Ornamental Ducks and
Geese, Flamingoes, Game and
Cage Birds.

“Everything in the bird line from a
Canary to an Ostric

I am the oldest established and largest exclusive
dealer in land and water birds in America and have
on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States.

G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn.

A SAFE COMPANION
For Your Children or For Yourself

A Necessity for your Country Home

A GOOD DOG

bl, AIR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

&8-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CO.

Sote Manvracturcre o. NEW HAVEN, CONN.

is too deep for the fowls, much of the grain
will be wasted.

There are two ways of feeding grain in
litter and the one to be adopted is the one
which appeals to the man who is going to
do the work. In one case, the grain is
mixed and scattered in the litter once a day,
preferably in the afternoon, and if neces-
sary forked into the straw so that all of it
will be covered. This is the easiest method,
and when followed, the fowls are never led
to expect a regular feeding hour, but are
sure of finding food in the litter any time
they are willing to scratch for it. The
feeder must make sure that his hens are get-
ting enough, which is easily ascertained by
opening up the litter to see if grain can be
found at the bottom and by feeling of the
crops of the fowls after they have gone to
roost.

The other plan is to feed a mixture of
oats, wheat and buckwheat (in the propor-
tions given above) in the morning and a
ration of corn at night, working the former
into the litter, but throwing the corn on top,
so that the birds can clean it up promptly
and go to roost with a full crop. Which-
ever plan is followed, the “extras” like mil-
let and sunflower seeds may be scattered in
the litter at occasional intervals.

Along with the ration of whole or ground
grain should go a mash, to be fed either wet
or dry. Dry mash is now in very general
use, because it is easy to feed, while giving
excellent results, although it has been pretty
well established that a wet mash will in-
duce the production of a few more eggs. A
satisfactory dry mash may be made with
the following ingredients: Twelve pounds
of corn meal, six pounds of wheat bran,
twelve pounds of wheat middlings, ten
pounds of beef scraps, two pounds of oil
meal and four pounds of alfalfa. This mix-
ture should be kept in a hopper before the
birds at all times. Some good poultry keep-
ers feed a mash consisting only of bran with
ten per cent. of beef scraps added. Others
find it easier and not much more expensive
to buy a ready-mixed mash at the poultry
supply stores.

Table scraps may be chopped into small
pieces or run through a meat grinder and
mixed with bran and water so as to make
a mash which will crumble in the hand.
Such a mash fed perhaps three times a week
will do much to stimulate the appetites of
the birds and to keep them in good spirits.
It is a mistake to throw a lot of table scraps
into the pen or yard without knowing
whether the hens will eat them or not.
They make dirty houses. It is an excellent
plan to keep a kettle simmering on the back
of the kitchen range and to throw into it
such scraps as may be fit for the poultry.
The mash may be fed to advantage about
two hours before dusk falls. After they
have finished it, the birds will still be able
to eat considerable corn before thew go to
roost.

It is of great importance that the hens
have an abundance of green food, and yet
they should not be allowed to make a full
meal on it, or they will eat too little grain.
Mangels, cabbages, dried lawn clippings, cut
clover which has been placed in a pail of
hot water and allowed to steam for an hour
or two, and sprouted oats help to constitute
a complete bill of fare. Mangels may be
spiked to a board after being cut in halves,
cabbages suspended from strings and lawn
clippings rolled up in a two-inch-mesh poul-
try netting hung to a nail on the wall, to
prevent waste. The latter plan is a good
one, and is recommended to amateurs who
have been far-sighted enough to save the
valuable clippings from the lawn. The net-
ting is laid on the ground, clippings placed

# 419 Southern Building

November, 1912

“3 "Aiba Ut 2

THE-REACESTATE:-MA RT

~¢ COUNTRY HOMES
The Best City and Suburban Property
Timber and Coal Lands

Free Illustrated Registers

H. W. HILLEARY & COMPANY
Washington, D. C,

Do You Want To Sell

A Building Lot
A House
A Farm or
An Estate?

@ An Advertisement in “American Homes G
Gardens‘ new Advertising Section “The
Real Estate Mart”’

Will Be Read by People Who Want

TO BUY!

PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED
Rates of Advertising on Request
Address: “The Real Estate Mart”

ce AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS
361 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

A CEMENT HOUSE

BE SUCCESSFULLY PAINTED AND
WATERPROOFED

CAN

Send for booklet illustrated in colors telling how

THE OHIO VARNISH COMPANY
8604 Kinsman Road CLEVELAND, OHIO

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

“It makes the house a home’’
| Send stamp today for “Economy Way”
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“Economy ”» Gas 1s automatic, Sanitary and NotePolsonous

r) Ke
lhe Big |
LIK

Oy q

/eumen right through the

standing seam of metal

roofs. No rails are needed

unless desired. We makea

f Gs / similar one for slate roofs.
Y

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

PATENTED

November, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil

on it to the depth of an inch and the wire
then rolled into a tube, with the contents
easily reached.

Cabbage should be fed in moderation, for
it does not improve the flavor of the eggs.
Few people realize to what an extent an
egg is affected by the food which the hen
eats. A western state college tried feeding
coal-tar dyes to a flock of hens as an exneri-
ment. Within a day or two the eggs laid
by these hens began to show strange and
vivid hues, the yolks being red and the
whites pink. Another college fed strong
cheese, and no difficulty was found in identi-
fying by the odor, the eggs from the flock
which dined on this highly perfumed ration.

It is important to know which hens are
laying in order that the drones may be
weeded out, and yet few amateurs want to
bother with trap nests. With the theory
that the laying hen is always and necessarily
must be a heavy eater to work on, the poul-
try keeper can improve his flock not a little
by going into the hen house after dark and
gently feeling the crops of the birds while
they are on the perches.. A leg band may
be placed on the legs of the hens which
have almost empty crops and a second visit
made a few nights later, with a third soon
after. Ifthe banded bird continues to show
an empty crop, the owner may feel reason-
ably sure that she is not laying and, if he is
wise, will permit her to grace the dining
table in the form of a roast. With a well-
selected flock, well-housed, the simple feed-
ing methods outlined here may be depended
upon to bring Winter eggs.

RECLAIMING THE MEADOWS OF
NEW JERSEY

HE members of the American Peat

Society, which recently held its annual
convention in New York city, visited the
Jersey meadows where they inspected sev-
eral hundred acres of peat bog that are being
reclaimed and cultivated. After eight years
of development some two hundred acres
are yielding, in lettuce and onions, from
600 to 1,000 bushels per acre, while the
yield of celery is said to average about
3,000 dozen per acre. The results ob-
tained in this locality should prove a great
stimulus in similar work of reclamation
on valuable but undeveloped bog lands
throughout the country. Indeed there are
few problems in land conservation more
interesting to the student than that of re-
claiming swamp and meadow lands,

EASTER. ISLAND’S UNKNOWN
RACE

<
i
N

LLL Ib tpl

AVE BEEN
OVER S

g Vy Z by Wy

MAINTAINING
A SIXTY-YEAR-OLD STANDARD

In 1853 we began making coaches,
carriages and broughams for well-
to-do old families. Rauch & Lang
became known for rigid standards,
thus linking together with the name
a great asset and a great obligation
—and standards once attained must
be maintained.

That we should make electric ve-
hicles when they were demanded
was a natural evolution of our busi-
ness. People who had owned our
broughams wanted us to make them.
So we produced some of the first
electrics that were sold.

Today we make them complete in
our factory — in the same care-

The Rauch & Lang
Carriage Company

2373 West 1
Twenty-fith St. AANA

The Schilling Press

COAC Hi
le

ful substantial way that we made
coaches in the fifties.

The? way these cars run tells the
story. The rich but quiet elegance
and graceful style have made the
Rauch & Lang the ‘‘Car of Social
Prestige.” People of good taste and
judgment will at once appreciate the
beauty and value in our latest models.

Any Rauch & Lang agent will gladly
demonstrate.

RES ALDER Qks RAR

o-soneepsarchassetndnaaaeundbeshsinnapnanyii ata essensne an aetrsinesisocsatso ahanaeetngnenevienenscavneneratiraieiientnahananwes

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden
furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of
ASTER Island, lying 2,000 miles west Job PRINTERS Fine KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS
of the South American Coast, in the Book BIST Oe Art
South Pacific Ocean, has been, ever since and ae (% Ss Press
its discovery by Europeans, a most inter- Catal : J Work
esting archeological puzzle on account of 8-08 Snecialt
its colossal stone statues, ruined stone Work A Specialty

houses, and other remains of an unknown
race. Petermanns Mitteilungen reports that
a fresh attempt to solve the mystery of
these remains has been undertaken by an
English sportsman, W. Scoresby Rout-
ledge, who is proceeding to the island on
a motor yacht, accompanied by a geologist
and an archeologist from the British
Museum. ~

137-139 E. 25th St.. New York

Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

/ benches, pedestals, fountains, statuary,
etc., all executed in Pompeian Stone, an
j artificial product that withstands the
) elements and is practically everlasting.

A CURIOUS ADVERTISEMENT

HE following unique advertisement ap-

peared recently in a Hanover (Ger-
many) paper: “Lost, from an aeroplane,
gold watch and chain; was last seen dis-
appearing in large stack of rye on a field
near Ulzen. Liberal reward for return of
same.”

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, [LLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

You will enjoy our handsome Catalogue N
Write for it today.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

The Largest Manufacturers of Ornamental Stone

N.Y. Selling Agents, Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta 33

IV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1912

ERE is the opportunity to end your heating troubles without risking

a cent until you are satisfied they actually are ended. If you are tired
of under-heated or over-heated rooms, prove to your own satisfaction that
you can have uniform heat—just as you want it—all the time.

Automatic Thermostat
Heat Regulator

will end your daily grind of trips up and down stairs to change drafts and dampers in an effort to keep the
furnace regulated. The ‘‘Crandon’’ consists of a small mechanical thermometer, which is placed in the living
room and connected by wire with a simple device over the furnace, which automatically regulates the draft and
check dampers if the heat in the living room varies one degree from the desired temperature. Regulates hot-
air, hot-water and steam-heating systems. Pays for itself in coal saved. So simple that anyone can install it.

‘‘The Janitor that
never Sleeps.’’

Write for full details of trial offer, and copy of our booklet *““Automatic
Comfort.” Name your heater-man or plumber, if possible.

CRANDON MANUFACTURING CO., 10 Bridge St., Bellows Falls, Vt.

INFES every man and certainly every woman wants

a home—a real sanitary, economical home where all

the comforts of living can be thoroughly enjoyed
with a perfect bath, kitchen and laundry equipment. We
have been engaged in the manufacture of Plumbing
Goods for over 57 years and are the only firm making a
complete line. For new Bath Room Ideas send for our
free Booklet No. 45 at once.

L. Wolff Manufacturing Co.

Established 1855
MANUFACTURERS OF

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The Only Complete Line Made By Any One Firm
GENERAL OFFICES: 601 to 627 WEST LAKE STREET, CHICAGO

Showrooms: 111 North Dearborn Street, Chicago

BRANCHES AND BRANCH OFFICES

Denver, Colo. Minneapolis, Minn. St. Louis, M hi

Trenton, N. J. Dallas, Texas ; WashinstoncD. (oF pose he

Omaha, Neb. Rochester, N. Y. Cincinnati, Ohio San Francisco, Cal.
Salt Lake City, Utah

DYING FRUIT TREES

ECAUSE many fruit trees have been

dying in various parts of States in the
middle West this Spring and Summer, re-
peated inquiries as to the cause have been
received by the departments of plant pa-
thology of the colleges of agriculture of
some of these States, particularly by that
of the University of Wisconsin.

Apples, and especially yellow transparent
and the transcendent crab, are attacked the
worst, although pears, cherries and other
fruits show similar symptoms.

Investigations show that the trouble is
due to two distinct causes. Considerable
fire blight is found upon apples and pears
in many sections of the State. This shows
either as a blossom blight or as a blighting
of young shoots. It is caused by bacteria
and is spread largely by insects. Spraying
is useless except as it helps to control the
insects. The only remedy is to remove
promptly all blighted parts and burn them,
using precautions so as not to spread the
disease by pruning tools.

The other trouble, Winter injury, was
caused by the very severe injury following
the long growing Autumn of last year.
Where the roots were injured the entire top
is weakened or dead. In many cases the
trunks or certain of the larger limbs near
the crotches are dead. It is impossible to
save the parts affected, and since the
weather cannot be controlled the best way
to avoid further Winter injury will be to
use cover crops judiciously.

REMOVING GRASS FROM GARDEN
PATHS

HE growth of grass in the interstices

between flagstones of garden paths
may be prevented, says Pharmazeutische
Zeitung, by repeatedly sprinkling the pave-
ment with a five per cent solution of the
very cheap, crude, dry chloride of calcium
or crude chloride of magnesium. Also the
lye of potash works is said to give good
results for this purpose. By others, sprink-
ling with boiling hot water is given as a
good remedy. Furthermore, gas liquor,
rock salt, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid
and fresh milk of lime are also recom-
mended.

THE “HALF MOON” IN ‘VHE
HUDSON

HOSE who are interested in historical

relics will be glad to learn that the
“Half Moon,” which was presented to this
country by Holland during the Hudson-
Fulton celebration, has been given a per-
manent anchorage opposite Yonkers, New
York, in the Hudson River. The little
craft has been thoroughly overhauled and
put in first-class condition; and it is sin-
cerely to be hoped that this most inter-
esting vessel will continue to receive the
constant care which its intrinsic value as a
faithful replica of Hudson’s ship and as a
gift from a friendly government, demands.

THE MOST COSTLY PORCELAIN —
SERVICE

T an exhibition of works of art, at
A present being held in St. Petersburg,
there may be seen a set of porcelain dishes
which is considered the most costly in the
world. It consists of thirty-six hand-col-
ored plates. This set has an estimated
value of 36,000 rubles ($18,540), a single
plate, therefore, being worth 1,000 rubles
($515). It is the property of Count Or-
loff-Davidoff, ;

‘ben
7, .
ys

November, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS Vv

THE BUNGALOW
By EDWARD FESSER

WING to the great activity of the aver-

age urban American whose industrial or
professional pursuits carry him into com-
merce or the arts with the intense energy
common only to the inhabitants of this
country, he finds that during a few months
of the year he must seek complete relaxa-
tion. There are a few of these having
nomadic tendencies who may search for
rest only by constant travel to divert the
mind, but the great bulk of hard-worked
people prefer a little nook somewhere in
the woods or on the seashore which they
may call their own. Thus we find the ten-
dency becoming more and more prevalent
as time goes on, for the city man to have
his Summer home as well as one in town.
At first only the very rich could afford this

=| HE boy who stuffed his little fist in the dyke and saved Holland
knew that the ocean belonged on the other side of the dyke.
After all, the most valuable home lesson for the coming gener-
ation is “A place for everything” ...et cetera. The axiom is
old, but there are twentieth century ways of teaching it. One
way is to give the boys and girls a Globe-Wernicke bookcase
section for their use—or a two or three section library of their own. This will
not only teach them system, but will encourage reading—the knowledge of a hundred
centuries has been stored in books for them. This is the Globe-Wernicke period
in bookcases. A Globe-Wernicke Bookcase grows with the library—no empty
shelves yawning for books, no overcrowded shelves. The beauty of its lines is

luxury, but now it is no uncommon thing the result of fine cabinet work and lasting stability.
for a man to own his shack, or his cabin LEY CUT TR CLEGG book lists die works of great authors and gives the prices
s = orf 3 ofthesameinsets. The list includes the low priced, popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every

or his bungalow ? be it in the wooded sub book buyer should have acopy. Sent free with the Globe-Wernicke catalog. Address Dept. A H. __.
urbs or at a distance far from home. This The Globe Wernicke @ Cine. Le Oh
very fact has caused a confusion in the he Slobe-Wernicke Co., SNe? es

i: : : - NewYork - ue adwe Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. Washington, 1218-1220 F St.. N.W
architectural term which he will apply Branch Stores : Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St. mena 2 ice 91.93 Federal St. Cincinnati, 28-138 Fourth Ave.. E.

to his dwelling so long as it is simply or
rustically built or situated somewhere in
the woods or by the sea, but the chances
are that he will call it a “bungalow” no
matter if it be three stories high with a
tile roof or an old barn ingeniously con-
verted into a Summer home. The word
“bungalow” is distinctly an Anglo-Indian
word whose origin is somewhat clouded
in mystery, but the best authorities agree
that it is an’ Anglisized corruption of the
Hindustani word “Bangla” which is un-
derstood to be identical with the adjective
of the same form meaning literally, “be-
longing to Bengal.” Although it is diffi-
cult to associate the definition of the word
Bangla with the common type of building
known in India as the bungalow, it may
simplify the mystery somewhat, by perus-
ing various records where the word is
mentioned, that it has passed through
many stages of evolution until the present
day. Thus we find from records in the
India office in England an extract from
the diary of one “Streynsham” who was
in the employ of the British Government
at the time under date of November 25,
t6ze, ste was thought, fitt . . . to
sett up Bungales or hovells . . . for
all such English in the company’s service
as belong to their sloopes or vessells,” but
it remained for Mrs. Sherwood in her
“Lady of the Manor” (1847) to give us
the true definition of the Indian bungalow

as it is understood to-day. “The bunga- re
lows mi India . . . are of one story, STH Cate! bes A House Lined with
and for the most part built of unbaked Circular 1s

bricks and covered with thatch having in

or e
the center a hall . . . the whole be- oe
ing encompassed by an open verandah.” tum
Bungalows which are the residences of ye

Europeans are of all sizes and styles ac-

cording to the taste and wealth of the iy as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,

owner. There is only one story to these ; o Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.

iia ale Pe fe ake le on z _ The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
2 y Ps A) nor insects can make their way through or live init.

roof of which affords shelter from the

sun. In the chief cities of India some of MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and

the bungalows are really palatial residences, keeps out dampness.

while in the country they are of more mod-
erate pretentions. In general they are pro-
vided with exterior offices to accommodate
the large retinue of domestics common in
Indian life. Besides these private bungalows
there are military bungalows built on a large
scale for use in accommodating soldiers in
cantonments, likewise “dak-bungalows” or
public bungalows maintained by the gov-
ernment for the accommodation of travel-
ers, in which seem to be blended the char-

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY

YERTICAL SECTION,

vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

A Proverb of Bell Service

Once upon a time there dwelt on
the banks of the holy river Ganges a
great sage, by name Vishnu-sarman.

When King Sudarsana appealed to
the wise men to instruct his wayward
sons, Vishnu-sarman undertook the
task, teaching the princes by means
of fables and proverbs.

Among his philosophical sayings
was this:

“To one whose foot is covered with
a shoe, the earth appears all carpeted
with leather.”’

This parable of sixteen hundred
years ago, which applied to walking,
applies today to talking. It explains
the necessity of one telephone svstem.

For one man to bring seven million
persons together so that he could talk
with whom he chose would be al-
most as difficult as to carpet the
whole earth with leather. He would
be hampered by the multitude. There
would not be elbow room for anybody.

For one man to visit and talk with
a comparatively small number of dis-
tant persons would be a tedious, dis-
couraging and almost impossible task.

But with the Bell System provid-
ing Universal Service the old proverb
may be changed to read:

To one who has a Bell Telephone
at his lips, the whole nation is within
speaking distance.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System.

Practical Steam and |
Hot Water Heating and Ventilation

By ALFRED G. KING

Octavo, 402 Pages.

Containing 304 Illustrations

Price, $3.00, Postpaid

An original and exhaustive treatise, prepared for the use of all engaged
in the business of Steam, Hot Water Heating and Ventilation

HE standard and latest book published.
how to install heating and ventilating apparatus.
cipal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating,

Tells how to get heating contracts,
Describes all of the prin-

together with the new accellerated systems of hot water circulation, including
chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation; fan or blower system of heating
and ventilation; rules and data for estimating radiation and cost; and such other
tables and information as make it an indispensable work for heating contractors,
journeymen steam fitters, steam fitters’ apprentices, architects and builders.
This work represents the best practice of the present day and is exhaustive in
xt, diagrams and illustrations.
CONTAINING CHAPTERS ON |. Introduction, TI.
ee paratus .
VI. Pipe and Fittings. VII. Valves, Various Kinds.
Radiating Surfaces. X. Estimating Radiation. > Gla
i XIII. Hot-Water Heating. XIV
XVI. Greenhouse Heating. VI
Heating. XIX. Radiator ‘and Pipe Connections.
Blast Heating. XXII. Steam Appliances. X

Heat. III. Evolution of Artificial Heating Ap-
Boiler Surface and Settings. V. The Chimney Flue.
VIII. Forms of Radiating Surfaces. IX. Locating of
Steam-Heating Apparatus. XII. Exhaust-Steam Heat-
. Pressure Systems of Hot-Water Work. XV. Hot-Water Appliances.
. Vacuum Vapor and Vacuum Exhaust Heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous
XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical Ventilation and Hot-
XIII. District Heating. XXIV. Pipe and _ Boiler Covering.
XXV. Temperature Regulation and Heat Control. XXXVI. Business Methods. XXVIi. Miscellaneous.
XXVIII. Rules, Tables and Useful Information.

Valuable Data and Tables Used for Estimating, Installing and Testing of Steam and Hot-Water and Ventilating

Apparatus are Given.
MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 ES UNENNES! NEW YORK CITY

acteristics of an English roadside-inn and
an eastern caravansary. ‘These bunga-
lows are quadrangular in shape, one
story in height, and with high peaked
roofs, thatched or tiled, projecting so as
to form porticos or verandas. ‘They are
divided into suites of two, three or four
rooms provided with bedsteads, table and
chairs, windows of glass and framed glass
doors. Off of each room is a bathroom
and earthen jars of cool water. Travel-
ers are expected to care for their servants
and to carry food-cooking utensils, wine,
beer, bedding, etc. The government
charges each traveler one rupee (about
forty cents) per day for the use of the
bungalow, but the “khitmutgar” or cus-
todian of the better class of bungalows
supplies tableware, condiments and even
sometimes food and liquors and he is usu-
ally skilled in cooking. Natives seldom
stop at the dak-bungalows but frequent
the squalid village “dhurrumsala.” At
every traveler’s bungalow is stationed a
government peon who acts as watchman
and is bound to assist the servants of
travelers in procuring supplies of fuel and
food in the nearest village. The distance
between these dak-bungalows on a trunk-
road is generally about twelve to fifteen
miles—an Indian day’s journey. In
America the word bungalow has an en-
tirely different significance. The eastern
or Atlantic coast idea of the word em-
braces a catalogue of buildings too numer-
ous to mention, but the general accept-
ance of the term implies a low building of
fragile construction designed to be oc-
cupied only for a few Summer months.
This building may be modified according
to the means and taste of the owner. If
the surroundings are suitable—such as an
island in one of the numerous lakes of the
Adirondacks, a three-story dwelling with
ten to twenty rooms, all modern improve-
ments, including bathroom and plumbing,
a gas plant on the premises, a French chef,
with a retinue of servants and a dinner
of eight courses—does not prevent the
owner from calling his mansion a bunga-
low. The man of lesser means builds a
rustic cottage with slabs on the outside
to resemble hand-hewn logs, a large cen-
tral living-room, Navajo blankets and
other fabrics and crafts of the red man
are strewn about to give that informal
charm to it which would be bizarre in the
city—but it always has the second story
and the attic. He calls his place a bunga-
low, and so on down the scale from the
so-called “camps” to the one-room log-
cabin built by an Adirondack guide for
the benefit of his patrons during the fish-
ing or shooting season, if the fancy takes
him the owner calls his place a bungalow.

In the West, however, the word bunga-
low means something different. Owing
to the climatic conditions of middle and
southern California where an even tem-
perature permits the inhabitants to lead
an open-air life through the major portion
of the year, the bungalow has a more seri-
ous significance to the householder than
it has to his brother of the East. It is
becoming a fixed type elaborated or sim-
plified according to the taste of the owner.
The California bungalow being built for
permanent occupation by people for whom
the name has a sort of charm and being
permanently occupied, it naturally as-
sumes individual characteristics although
a uniform architectural standard is main-
tained. Of late years it has gained a long
lead in popularity over all classes of
dwellings in this climatic paradise.
Bungalows showing great architectural
beauty are as frequently seen in the town

November, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil

with paved streets and suburban villas
as they are in the country, the seashore or
the woods. In fact some of the most tal-
ented architects of the Golden State are
now devoting their attention almost ex-
clusively to this distinctly California crea-
tion. In the main the architect adheres
to the principles upon which the bunga-
low of India maintains its type—namely,
a one-story building. With this standard
as a basis upon which to work he uses
all his ingenuity in his creations to com-
bine architectural beauty with space and
comfort in this country where economic
conditions favor comparatively inexpens-
ive construction.

GROWING GOOD FERN BALLS

HEN fern balls are really well

grown, they are highly attractive,
but the half-naked balls commonly seen
are far from being objects of beauty. And
yet success is easily won. In the first
place, they should never be exposed to
the direct rays of the sun. When the ball
is to be started into growth, it should be
immersed in water for several hours and
then hung in a warm room, but not in
a sunny window. Many people make
their mistake at this point. The bath
should be repeated every other day until
growth has started, after which the ball
must be watered frequently enough to
prevent its ever becoming dry. The more
rapid and luxuriant the growth, the more
water will be needed. The best plan is
to soak the plant in a pail or tub until
it becomes too large for such treatment,
aiter which time water must be poured
upon it when needed until it is thoroughly
soaked.

Water alone will often ensure a thrifty
specimen, but better results are secured
by using a weak solution of liquid manure.
A cheesecloth bag may be filled with horse
or poultry manure and allowed to remain
in a pail of water until the latter is highly
colored. When the fern ball is soaked in
this water it will develop with amazing
rapidity.

From one to four weeks are required
to get a fern ball well started, and it may
be dried off at any time, when it can be
put away and will remain dormant until
water is again applied. Some growers
advocate burying the balls in the ground
for three or four weeks before they are
started into growth, but this plan cannot
well be practiced with new balls, as they
do not arrive in this country from Japan
until December.

A pretty way to use a fern ball is to cut it
in half and place each half, flat side down,
in a fern dish. Each half should be treated
in the manner already described and when
matured, will make an excellent center
piece for the dining table. These fern
balls are not easily affected by house con-
ditions and require less care than the
dainty ferns ordinarily used on the dining
table.

It is interesting to learn how these balls
are made. The Japanese gather a special
variety of ferns, the roots of which are
made up with sphagnum moss into com-
pact, elliptical balls, held in place by
tough string.

Sometimes the strings rot away after a
time, in which case a little cage may be
made by means of a few fine wires, which
will hold the ball and its mass of delicate
emerald fronds in place. The dormant
balls cost only a little—from twenty-five
to thirty cents—and the best time to buy
them is early in the year.

NLY the artistic

interpretation, the

musical versatil-
ity, and the wonderful
scope of the living fingers
of a master pianist can
compare with the ex-
quisite playing ofthe TEL-
ELECTRIC, the most per-
fectmechanicallyaswellas
the most artistic musically
of all piano players.
Mechanical music is im-
possible with

x
SS

LECTRIC PIANO PLAYER

T is the one player which you, yourself,

whether an expert musician or not, can

quickly and easily learn to play with all
individuality of a master pianist.

It permits you to interpret perfectly world-famous
compositions with all the original feeling, all the tech-
nique, and with all the various shades and depths of
expression as intended by the composer.

In using electricity as the motive force of the Tel-Electric
we not only eliminate the tiresome foot-pumping
and noisy bellows of the pneumatic player, but we
place the instrument under your absolute control—
ready to answer, instantly, your slightest musical whim.
The Tel-Electric, though radically different, has proved itself infin-

itely superior to any player on the market. Consider these exclu-
sive features :—

Requires no pumping—can he attached to any piano—absolutely
perfect and instantaneous expression devices—does not obstruct
the keyboard—uses indestructible music rolls— totally unaffected
by weather-change—has never been replaced by any other
piano-player—any piano with a Tel-Electric attached costs
less than a player piano of the same grade.

If you cannot call at one of our stores or agencies and learn for youre
self the truth of our claims for this marvelous instrument, send for
our interesting, illustrated catalog—mailed free on request.

THE TEL-ELECTRIC COMPANY, 299 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Branch Office, CHICAGO Agencies in All Large Cities

Monoplanes and Biplanes

Their Design, Construction and Operation

The Application of Aerodynamic Theory, with a Complete
Description and Comparison of the Notable Types

By Grover Cleveland Loening, B.Sc., A.M., C.E.

N the many books that have already been written on aviation, this fasci-
nating subject has been handled largely, either in a very “‘ popular’ and
more or less incomplete manner, or in an atmosphere of mathematical

theory that puzzles beginners, and is often of little value to aviators themselves.
There is, consequently, a wide demand for a practical book on the subject
a book treating of the theory only on its direct relation to actual aeroplane
design and completely setting forth and discussing the prevailing practices in the
construction and operation of these machines. ‘‘ Monoplanes and Biplanes”’
is a new and authoritative work that deals with the subject in precisely this
manner, and is invaluable to anyone interested in aviation.

It covers the entire subject of the aeroplane, its design, and the theory on which
its design is based, and contains a detailed description and discussion of thirty-
eight of the more highly successful types.

12mo., (6x8"% inches) 340 pages, 278 illustrations. Attractively bound in cloth.

Price $2.50 net, postpaid

An illustrated descriptive circular will be sent free on application.

Munn & Co., Inc., Publishers

361 Broadway, New York

Vill

“THE STAR”
ASBESTOS TABLE PAD

*
|
> errant
Ss ——ee
—— =

For protection of polished table top against
damage by hot dishes or moisture.

Made of especially prepared asbestos covered
with heavy double faced cotton flannel, soft
and noiseless.

Made for round, square or oval tables, Folds to con-
venient size to be laid away. Special sizes to order.

The best table pad manufactured.

Better class of dealers sell our goods or can get them
for you.

Doily, Chafing-dish and Platter Mais, size 5 to 18
inches; round, square or oval,

Look for our trade-mark ‘‘Star.”’

KERNEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY

156 West 62d Street Chicago, Ill.
we are in a position to render com-

petent services in every branch _ of

patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and

Booklet on request,

E wish to call attention to the fact that

pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed
in all countries foreign to the United
States.

MUNN & CO.,
Patent Altorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

ie Ne Se

chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- 4

BRISTOL’S
Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and

outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for

country homes.

Write for descriptive printed matter.

THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

THE MEMORY OF THE ANT

XPERIMENTS, says Harper's Weekly,

are continually being made to test the
memory of animals, such as the elephant,
the dog, the bull; but it would seem a thank-
less undertaking to ascertain whether the
ant has a memory. Nevertheless, a scientist
in South America thinks he has succeeded.
Isolating two of the largest specimens of
tropical ants he could find, he so arranged
their receptacle that they could get no food
without climbing over a circular slant into
another compartment. Over this slant,
when the food was not there, he placed a
crimson cord, and the ants very soon learned
to interpret the signal and never attempted
to climb over it. Thinking, after a time,
that there might be something in the color
that repelled them automatically, as the bull
is affected unpleasantly by red, he replaced
the red cord by cords of varying colors, al-
ways with the same result after the ants
had made a few excursions over the slant
and come back hungry. Then he tried plain
cloth and even paper, but the result was
invariably the same. After a number of
trials the ants refused to climb the slant
when there was any sort of “signal.” Fin-
ally the scientist reversed the signal, hav-
ing food beyond the slant only when it was
visible; and after an infinite number of
trials the ants accommodated themselves to
the change.

OME parts of the desert in California

and Arizona which are suitable for the
cultivation of the date palm have the one
drawback, that the natural heat cannot be
depended upon to bring the fruit to perfect
ripeness. Some years will result in large
marketable crops, while others will yield
little because of insufficient heat. To elim-
inate this uncertainty, Prof. George Free-
man of the Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, University of Arizona, has invented a
device which will ripen the fruit artificially
to perfection. It is exceedingly simple and
inexpensive, a fact which makes it commer-
cially available. In fact, it has been used
already on a commercial scale, as 100
pounds can be treated at one time in his
laboratoy. The device consists of a metal
oven, in which dates are placed, after being
picked when they just begin to ripen. A
preliminary washing is needful, after which
they are kept in an even temperature of
about 50 deg. Cent. (122 deg. Fahr.) for
three days and in a moist atmosphere. This
renders them as sweet and delicate in flavor
as the naturally ripened fruit, and far su-
perior as a table delicacy to the dried and
pressed dates with which we are familiar.
The process is also used to restore dates
which have remained upon the tree until
withered. The moisture brings back their
plumpness and flavor, while their whole-
some qualities are not impaired.

Ripe dates treated in this way are boxed
like choice confectionery. They will stand
shipment to all parts of the United States
and Europe, as experimental consignments
have shown. The industry is growing rapid-
ly in the southwest and promises to become
of importance.

COFFEE WITHOUT CAFFEIN

HE American consul at Tamatave,

Madagascar, has sent to the Bureau of
Manufactures in Washington samples and
photographs of a natural caffein-less cof-
fee growing in that island. It is locally
known as “mantaska” or café sauvage,”
grows to a height of twelve to twenty feet,
and resembles the ordinary coffee tree, but
has smaller leaves and a yellowish berry.

November, 1912

SU * Beautiful, Illustrated Book-
et,

“WHERE SUN DIALS
DIAL

ARE MADE,” sent upon
request. Estimates furnished.

Any Latitude Ask for Booklet No. 5
E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York
New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

Branches:

ALL

Pu IMPS xinps

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

Barn Door Hangers
Write for Circulars and Prices

F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

Tot ger Te

ITALIAN OBJECTS OF ART

at prices within the reach of all
New Importations
Terra Cotta, China
Statuary and Italian Pictures
{| La BoTTEGA, “The Shop”
28 East 28th Street, New York

Wilson’s Outside Venetians

Blind and Awning combined, for windows, porches and
piazzas. Artistic, durable, unique.
Send for Venetian Catalogue No.5
Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co., 5 West 29th Street, New York

’ My book on Hardy plants tells you when to
Farr s slant: ad the kinds that I think give best re-
Hardy sults. If you are interested | will send you a

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseri
Plants AND H. . Wromissingarsemes

643E Penn Street eading, Pa.

TT RR EE I
BATTELLI ART MARBLE CO., 11 W. 30th St., N.Y. C.

Sun Dials Benches
Pedestals Vases
Tables

Flower Boxes

MARBLE—Sexd fox 017 Calalogue FREE.—TERRA COTTA

MODEL EE TOURING CAR

5-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase
$900 f.o.b. Detroit

R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

Send at once for our Book-
let No. 3 on Bay State Brick
and Cement Coating pro-
tection.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.
INC.

BAY STATE 82-84 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE-FIVE
Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con-

venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's
upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models,
THE WAVERLEY COMPANY
Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind.

La RNITURC
PROTECT Your floors
and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters. Made in 110 styles
and sizes. If your dealer will not
supply you
Write uu—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A,
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

FRANCIS HOWARD

5 W. 28th St., N.Y.C.
. Benches, Pedestals,

Fonts, Vases, Busts,
Garden Experts. Send 15c. for Booklet

See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912, Pages 1598 and 1599

Benches Entrances

November, 1912

—

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

fic nD
Se a)» yyy Dy) ene

THE DECEMBER NUMBER

HE December number of AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS will mark the completion of the ninth volume
of this magazine, and the issue will be replete with articles
sustaining the high standard which has made AMERICAN
Homes AND GARDENS unsurpassed in its field. It also
stands the foremost magazine of its class in the matter of
illustrations, and the continued interest of its own friends
augmented by the many new friends the magazine has made
during the past year has been a source of gratification to
the Editor and to the publishers.

HE opening article of the December number will de-
cbs. a beautiful Pennsylvania country house, one of
unusual arrangement, design and picturesqueness. Such
houses as the one which will be described in this article
and in other articles in this issue, are in themselves suf-
ficient to refute the statement recently attributed to Lord
Claude John Hamilton, M.P., which was reported by a
New York newspaper to be as follows:

“Eyen in the country where there are no skyscrapers
and apartment houses, house after house is stuck in the
middle of a lot just like so many boxes. ‘There are no
trellised fences, no gardens—not the slightest attempt to
make the place attractive and beautiful. Why don’t you
wake up to the sense of beauty and of the great outdoors?
You would live longer and be far happier and healthier.
America seems to lack this artistic, domestic sense.”

T IS hardly probable that the author of the above state-

ment has had the good fortune to be entertained in the
home sections of the cities and country-side of America.
However just, some years ago may have been the world’s
reproach to us for the unhappy period of our architecture
at that time, an architecture founded upon the deplor-
able styles of the Victorian era, we have ever been a nation
of home-makers, even when we were engaged in develop-
ing some new section of the country. It is true that through-
out the entire Jength and breadth of America our rural
districts are lacking in the charm that enters the English
landscape, and which appeals to our sense of the picturesque.
There is something about the thatched roof cottages, the
cobblestone huts and the half-timber houses of Great Britain,
of the chalets of Switzerland and of the stucco houses of the
Latin countries which is to be missed in the rural archi-
tecture of America, and it is also true that in certain sec-
tions of our country the interiors of our farmhouses re-
ceive the keynote of their atmosphere from marble-top
tables and haircloth sofas. However, these instances are in
no way representative of American homes in general.

HIS magazine has, at all times, found ample material

for its pages, and if each number were to be increased
to a thousand pages in size, the Editor believes there would
be no difficulty in obtaining for each and every one of its is-
sues, illustrations and descriptions of American homes as
truly homelike as those of any other country in the world. It
may be that there is some quarrel to be had with our land-
scape, inasmuch as we have not been forced to give it the
intensive cultivation which more limited territory would

CTT

=
=

make necessary, and it must be admitted that landscape is,
in a sense, a part of the home. However, long ago, we
ceased to neglect the home landscape, and although our
gardens may be younger and newer, we have, if we leave
out of consideration such spectacular features as thousand
year old trees, yews groaning with their ancestery, box
hedges that may have framed the labyrinths of Queen
Elizabeth’s time, gardens nowadays that are as delectable
as any to be found the world over. The Editor does not
consider a defence of American home-making necessary,
but as many copies of the magazine go to foreign readers
who may have seen the statement credited to Lord Claude
John Hamilton, this word anent the subject may be per-
mitted to afhrm the existence of the home-making spirit
of Americans for which each number of AMERICAN Homes
AND GARDENS may stand in confirmation.

HE December number will contain a description of a

delightful forest bungalow in Vermont, an ideal bache-
lor home. This article will be followed by one on “‘Antique
Ship Models,” in which the writer has described interesting
models of the sort which have been placed in public build-
ings and in private houses from very early times. ‘This, as
well as each of the other articles in this issue, will be beauti-
fully illustrated from half-tones from photographs specially
taken for AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS. One often
comes across descriptions of remodeled houses, but the
December number of the magazine will contain an article
on an old washhouse in New York which was artistically
transformed into a studio by a clever artist. The center
page feature of the December number will concern itself
with the subject of “Exterior Aspects of Chimneys.”

N attractive concrete house will be described and ac-

companied by floor plans and an authoritative article
on mushrooms and mushroom culture will shed much light
on this interesting phase of home gardening. An article
on “Domestic Rugs” will show the reader what is being
done by domestic manufacturers of rugs in competition with
Oriental rug-makers. This article will be especially note-
worthy and its illustrations will give the reader an adequate
idea of the advance in the making of domestic rugs in the
last few years. The usual departments ‘‘Within the House,”’
‘Around the Garden” and “Helps to the Housewife” will
be continued in the December number, which will contain,
in addition to the features mentioned, other articles of value
and interest, including one on ‘‘Feeding for Winter Eggs,”
by E. I. Farrington.

BEAUTIFYING STATE PROPERTIES
ITH the hope of making each State institution an
example of scientific care and beauty for the surround-

ing country, Dennis McCarthy, Fiscal Supervisor of State
Charities, is codperating with the department of rural art
of Cornell University in plans to beautify the grounds of
the institutions in his department. This is a step forward
in the right direction. With State interest in such matters
civic betterment societies will have precedent before them
in their more local endeavors, and the cities and towns
throughout the country will become more fit localities for

the American home, its adornment and_ surroundings.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Hardware

LEANN

SO RE

Pat

Carl dae l_ e
TEsSEoE Ss
TA Spee eas
Oo 50.2.8 o &
As 50 ees
G— ooo
Ow S 2 ap
Seseg_ ae
= ae =a
ost >SOZgz
> 35 9 78.0
eo GU Be
as Oo Dm
Gs wo 2
0 04 -¢ «
Oi. SS o OOK
wee oS oO
be 85 BOY
S2.83 3

ESSA GSE oC

& 2 4a ©
qa Ge
eo 22
SG = se)
OS) On =]
8) ia SS
<D) ahead
aoe
S) np ev
ee = =
it oF
.— > 2 heed
gas of
905.2
a oS
sh oo &
oe 6 8s
Ss Taal os

ent

Put Sarg
Liquid Door

KES SS
KX

SS CHOO

KWL SASS

KGS NWN

~ A

you which designs to select.
Our Colonial Book w

Checks on
your doors.

it.

1on

k will also

be sent if you will ment

They close
the heaviest

and the

You cannot know the best

lightest doors
silently,

sa +
Oo ® S
Sk
Oo
ee
S54
Pee as
_@ 8
‘Soe A
| e
Ws
Oo Oo 3
om
5
eel
2 Ske

kly and
completely.

quic

(0)
S &

Ui co ——

~ * 64 4 .

TT] é a
(El ed
| ie YT Abs gs”
Z Vite. al ong g “p pe
me tia |) -

RK \ <

GONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1912

NOVEMBER’S LOVELINESS OF OUR SUMMER GARDENS...........0 0c eece uence Frontispiece
COUNTRYS MOME AT) TUXEDO PARKa 2.00. ces cu bg ees By Morrison M. Andrews 375
MS OnGR Naira e Tern By Mary H. Northend 380

RNA AR tet Soh SR Rs et 2h ole edt By Harriet Gillespie 384

Bee aan oan So By Robert H. Van Court 386

anti Canna ae ARR Mr 390-391
5 5 bic. 4 Oop COOL tae eee By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 392

PC OUMDEVa IONE OF MOISTINCTION + £ cc0 5 fv cel eS Re ote yn ee bags By Gardner Teall 395
LST MISA di OB US UNCI5 05) Scns aie i By Helen N. Marion 400
WITHIN THE House:

Elardware tortie small House... . 2.5. soon .ene'. 402

WAP AMC Se MHOMEIOSECLS 2 5 oe tice in od ase bed vis le ¥ sda aves le Cee aed a ok 403
AROUND THE GARDEN:

November Garden Notes—An Arbor Seat............... By Zulma DeL. Steele 404
HELPs To THE HousEWIFE:

Wr bxelsmibnuesltospitality:, 642.0. 00 contin sana he oe heuer: By Elizabeth Atwood 406
Feeding for Winter Eggs The Editor’s Notebook

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President M UNN & C ©. ; In C6 Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

LAY

November cannot make us forget the loveliness of our Summer gardens; rather it reminds us to begin our garden plans for the year to come

November,

A Country Home at Tuxedo Park

By Morrison M. Andrews

HE road which winds among the Ramapo
Mountains, at the point in New York, where
they spread from Rockland County across
the line into Orange County, leads through
a region wild and rugged with much vege-
tation and very heavily wooded. Not far

trom the county line the road leads past the ivy-covered
stone lodge such as marks the entrances to great country
estates in England. A few picturesque cottages are grouped
about and through the gateway there appear glimpses of
roofs and chimneys, winding roads, the glimmer of water
and dense forest. This is Tuxedo Park, perhaps the most

The living-room end of the house opens out upon a spacious porch

376

beautiful and exclusive country colony in America.

It appears to be the work of ages past for the gray stone
is covered in places with mosses and lichens, and the vines
which screen the walls seem to be the result of years of
growth and training, but Tuxedo Park is new and its plan-
ning and development from a tract of virgin forest were the
work of less than one brief year, the
results of the efforts of an architectural
genius with unlimited wealth at his com-
mand. The story of the molding of this
wonderful place is a history in itself—
the idea formed by the late Mr. Pierre

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

inhabit them are members of the Tuxedo Club, all sharing
in the activities, which, Summer and Winter alike, center
about the club-house, the lake and the ivy-clad stone church
which is placed not far from the park gates. Among these
beautiful country homes stands “‘Sho-chiku-bai” designed and
built by Messrs. Walker & Gillette, architects, New York,
and a strikingly successful example of a
country house planned with direct refer-
ence to the spot where it is placed. It
is an architectural axiom that a house
is most completely satisfying when built
of some material native to the locality.

Lorillard assuming definite shape under
the skilful direction of Mr. Bruce Price
who guided its laying out, solved the
problems involved, and designed and

Obedience to an architectural law is not

often as literal as in the case under dis-
cussion, for here, built in the heart of
the woods, is a home constituted very

built many of the earlier estates of
which it is composed. Suburbs are
planned for the building of houses of al-
most every description. Many are designed for the smallest
and simplest of cottages, others for homes of greater extent
and cost, and the funds of one vast foundation are now being
applied to the building of tasteful homes for people of mod-
eratemeans. Uponthe other hand, Tuxedo Park, which may
be considered a suburb, seems to be planned chiefly for the
socially and financially prominent, and most of the homes
built within its gates are of considerable extent and import-
ance. The road which enters the gateway is broad and smooth
and leads over the hills and through the dales of this beauti-
ful spot, and one finds that Tuxedo Park is a settlement of
country estates grouped together, where the families who

First floor plan

largely of the same rough gray stone
which forms the foundation of the ever-
lasting hills spread out upon every side.

As one approaches this beautiful home through the grounds
which surround the house, it seems to be in a very intimate
way an integral part of the country setting. Spread out as it
is over a considerable space and, being but two stories high,
the house is quaint and rambling and from the long low build-
ing which forms the main structure an extensive wing extends
at a right angle and adds very materially to the size and un-
usual picturesqueness of the house. The first floor walls and
the chimneys are of the rough gray stone quarried near by
and laid in somewhat the manner of “cobblestones.” This
very free and informal treatment is made even more inter-
esting by the vegetation which in some places still adheres

The drawing-room

November, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

to the stone. The low roof, broken by many dormers, is
of stained shingles and the walls of the upper floor are
finished in “‘half timber” where panels of rough cast stucco
are framed in by bands and cerebels of wood stained a
color which ties the golden brown of the stucco to the rough
gray of the stone walls of the floor below.

The quaintness of this home in the woods is emphasized
by various balconies and projections supported upon timbers
of stained wood. Their tendency of course is to broaden
the already marked horizontal lines of the building and to
increase the spreading and rambling effect which is so
interesting. The appearance of this very large but delight-
fully rural and informal country home set in the forest, is
one of unusual interest and beauty at
whichever way it may be approached.

The guest arrives at ‘““Sho-chiku-bai”’
before the main entrance which is re-
cessed a few feet within the heavy stone
walls and reached by a few steps and a

ie Annet

fireplace lined with brick and set within a massive stone
mantel fills in one side of the long room, and bookcases and
casement windows reaching to the floor and opening upon
terrace and veranda, line other walls. Over the doorway
into the hall is hung an antique tapestry, and divans and arm
chairs are grouped about reading tables and in the corners
of the large room. A wide corridor leads from the entrance-
hall to the dining-room where furniture of old English
patterns in tables, sideboards and chairs is framed in by
high wainscoted walls over which extends a deep frieze. The
fireplace here is lined with brick and over a low Tudor arch
of stones is placed a mantel, and paneling of wood which
creates a background for an old portrait framed in gilt.
The floor plan provides for two very
broad verandas. One broad terrace is
placed just outside the windows of the
living-room and casements open dir-
ectly upon the brick flagging, and the
space, is made beautiful and inviting with

platform of brick laid upon edge. The
small hallway within contains the main

rugs, suitable furniture and the other
accessories which belong to a spot which

stairway, and close at hand are the coat

combines the functions of a living-

rooms which are convenient for guests
in a country house, particularly in a

room and open-air lounging-place. An-
other terrace is reached through the wide

place like Tuxedo Park, where every
form of outdoor life, Summer and Win-
ter, occupies so large a part of the time. At one side,
as the spacious house is entered, is a large living-room
which might be fairly described as a combination of
drawing-room and of library. Here all of the walls are
paneled with squares of wood and heavy beams across
the ceiling frame in sections of ornamented plaster. A great

Second floor plan

French windows of the dining-room, and
the special use for this veranda is that of
a site where under the vine-laden timbers of a broad Per-
gola, a Summer morning breakfast may be served or after-
dinner coffee lingered over.

The planning of this lower floor is done with a certain
stately informality and therefore of particular interest, be-
cause so altogether different, is a reception-room furnished

378

Tenens eel

in the Japanese manner which faces the corridor leading
from the hall to the dining-room. Here the walls and ceil-
ings are covered with Japanese prints and fabrics—the
ceiling is decorated in Japanese patterns and carving,
lacquer and metal appear in furnishings, and lattices or thin
fabrics cover the windows. ‘The use of gold judiciously
combined with color, which the Japanese understand so
well makes this beautiful room a place of wonderfully subtle
harmonies and contrasts.

The long low wing which adds so greatly to the exterior
beauty of the house by extending its broad, spreading mass,
is arranged in the most complete of service quarters. Close
by the main entrance to the house, is a special doorway for
trunks, and just within is a baggage lift which makes very
easy the handling of the belongings of arriving and depart-
ing guests. The greater part of the space upon the lower
floor of this part of the house is used for the pantries, sew-
ing-rooms, kitchen and servants’-hall necessary for a large
country house and the upper floor is divided into six bed-
rooms for the use of the servants, and a bathroom for their
convenience, all of which are completely apart from the por-
tion of the house designed for the use of the family and guests.

Upon the upper floor arrangements are made for enter-
taining upon a large scale. Many small suites are planned
for guests and most of them include a study or boudoir, a
bedroom and a bath. There are also a few very large
single rooms, and over the entrance hallway is an informal
morning-room with a fireplace and a deep oriel window
which overlooks the winding driveway, which approaches
the house through the woods.

The furnishing of the numerous little studies and bedrooms
of this very beautiful country home is interesting with the
beauty of great simplicity. The paint is almost everywhere
either white or ivory-colored, and where the walls are not
paneled they are covered with the freshest and simplest of
fabrics or papers. The color supplied by floor coverings
and the chintz or taffeta of curtains and furniture covers,
affords a fitting background and setting for mahogany in
the form of beds, tables, dressing-stands and chairs, and the
freshness and fragrance of out-of-doors is brought within
the house by growing plants and bowls and vases of cut
flowers.

‘Sho-chiku-bai,” set as it is within a forest is perpetually
interesting with a beauty which changes with the passing
seasons. The materials used and the coloring of the ex-
terior which is low in tone have the effect of tying it to its
site, and also of bringing it into harmony with the changing
setting of nature whether it be the bright green and fresh
verdure of Spring and Summer, the myriad reds, browns
and yellows of varied Autumn or the mantle of white which
makes a Winter in the forests so beautiful and mysterious.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

Much of the beauty of this country home in the woods, is
due to the skill which has placed in this sylvan setting, a
house which seems by every rule of good taste to belong
just here and nowhere else. Someone has said that our
American country is beautiful only as long as it is left in
its natural state, but that with its use as a place of homes
comes the utter spoilation of its beauty and charm. ‘This
may be due very largely to the disregard for the fitness
of things both in designing country homes and in the choice
of materials of which they are built, although such disre-
gard is becoming rarer as we understand more fully the
laws which govern the successful planning and building of
country homes. The charm of a house built of logs or of
slabs is largely due to the fact that such a building is
generally placed in the woods or in similar surroundings
where it seems to be in keeping. In the case of this
country house at Tuxedo Park, much of the same idea of
suitability has prevailed and the buildings have been cleverly
adapted to their site, and use has been made of such ma-
terials as blend in easily with the rest of the woodland set-
ting, such as the stone of the lower walls the stained shingles
and wood of roofs and walls between the panels of rough
cast stucco or plaster which are stained colors and which
are repeated in the foliage. Already the walls are being
covered with ivy and the various clinging vines which do
so much to harmonize a home with its surroundings.

Nowhere else in America has the community idea as ap-
plied to country living been so completely and as success-
fully developed as at Tuxedo Park. The tract of ground
within its gates is so vast that control is had of any building
operations which might be unsuited to the place. Those
who dwell within the boundaries of the estate are members
of one large family or colony, and hence interested in
all the manifold pursuits which engage the attention of old
and young during the entire year. Placed ‘close enough to
New York to. be in touch with its daily life, and yet far
enough away to be far beyond the area of undesirable de-
velopments, and in the midst of a wonderfully beautiful and
interesting country, Tuxedo Park presents an unusual solu-
tion of the problem of country living, the success of which is
due in a large degree to the beauty of the individual homes
of which it consists.

The homes which make up the Tuxedo colony, as has
already been said, are chiefly estates of some extent. Many
types of architecture are represented, and there is great
variety in the treatment of their surroundings. Some of the
estates such as ‘“‘Sho-chiku-bai” are set within the natural
growth of the primeval forest and are approached by roads
winding among the trees, while elsewhere there are homes
surrounded by formal gardens and broad lawns and upon
all sides there are wide and extensive views over lake and

The Japanese-room

November, 1912

hills or low mountains covered with
vegetation.

Where so many types of architecture
are represented many of the individual
homes are of course possessed of much
interest and this is particularly true of
the several examples which embody
much of the interest of the old country
homes of England. The wizard of
wealth which produced order and
beauty from the chase of wild and
rugged country has wrought the same
work in designing and building the indi-
vidual homes of which Tuxedo Park is
composed. Some of the larger estates
patterned after Elizabethan manor
houses are surrounded by beautiful and
carefully planned terraces and grounds,
and furnished with treasures from
abroad, and the production within a brief
period of the beauty and dignity, which -
in other countries and other ages, has
been the result of centuries of care and cultivation, offer
a striking instance of the results of the expenditure of money
thoughtfully directed.

The wildness and ruggedness of this country is par-
ticularly well adapted for the building of such a colony
where each estate occupies considerable ground and where
the driveways may be made where they seem to belong by
all the laws of beauty and good taste. It would have been
very difficult to plan here a suburb of the usual type where
streets or roadways are arranged upon what might be

Se,
7

The bed-chambers with dressing-rooms en suite are beautifully fitted with interesting furniture

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Entrance doorway

called the “gridiron” pattern, and where
small plots must be uniform in size and
rectangular in shape. Here, with much
space allotted to each estate, and there
being no special arrangement of “‘lots,”
it has been possible to plan with wide
latitude the residences and such service
buildings as surround them. The set-
ting of these homes in a forest where
they are separated from one another,
and where they are often come upon
unexpectedly makes it possible to give
to each of them the individuality of
treatment required without making the
colony the jumble of many types of
architectural style, which so many sub-
urban developments unfortunately pre-
sent. The buildings of each home in
Tuxedo Park are framed in and sur-
rounded by the everchanging forest
which is, of course, the true setting for
a country abode.

Placed amid the rugged hills or mountains of Orange
County, Tuxedo Park offers the charm of the wilderness,
and yet upon a clear day the skyscrapers of New York are
dimly visible. The motor quickly speeding over the hard and
smooth roadways makes short the trip from country to
town, and the telephone which brings the whole world into
close communication makes it possible to live in the wild-
erness, and yet keep in close and intimate touch with the
great world outside, a world made greater by so fine a tie.
(Continued on page 408)

380

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

This house was built by its owner to be in architectural keeping with the Colonial furniture that adorns it

A House Built for Colonial Furnishings

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the Author

HERE is a peculiar fascination which few
can resist connected with the old-time
houses, more particularly those of the
seventeenth century. I mean the charm of
those dignified square types that came into
vogue as prosperity increased in the colonies.
The advent of this type of house
marked an epoch in the architectural
world, which has given it a distinc-
tive place in house-building—in fact,
so distinctive that the architect of
to-day harks back to those old an-
cestral homes, finding there features
which can be successfully copied in
modified Colonial twentieth’ century
homes. It is this artistic interming-
ling of the old and new that never
fails to find favor with the house-
builder of to-day.

Perchance much of this style has
been brought into favor through
the coming into fashion of ancestral
furniture, which had for many years
been delegated to attic and store-
house. These large, heavy pieces

The balustrade of the stair in the hall is especially
interesting in design

are entirely out of taste as introduced into modern homes
which have been designed without thought of Colonial ideas.

Sir Christopher Wren “fathered” many of those old
houses, and it is to his wonderful artistic designs that we
owe much that is attractive to-day. For it must be taken
into consideration that our Colonial forefathers had little
chance to study architecture and
therefore had to bring into play
shrewd common sense, combined
with old-time ideas.

One of the best examples of the
modified Colonial house is to be
found at Wellesley, Massachusetts,
one of the suburbs of Boston. This
house was carefully planned, in con-
junction with the architect, by Mr.
Herbert Gage, for an_all-year-
around home. The house is es-
pecially interesting in having been
planned to fit its furniture, rather
than the furniture bought to fit the
house.

The location is ideal, for the
grounds are situated between two
parallel streets, giving as it were,

November, 1912

le a De ae hat os GA ER

End of the living-room showing built-in-bookcases
an entrance door on either side, and allowing plenty of
space for wide lawns and flower beds. It is a distance
of sixty feet from the border of the main street to the
house, and one hundred and ten feet from the opposite
street. [hus the extensive ground affords an opportunity
to make the landscape architecture a fitting complement of
that of the house itself. .

The entrance proper is by a gravel walk, bordered on
either side by Rocky Mountain pines. This ends in a Colo-
nial porch with dignified Ionic columns above which is a
group of windows with ornamental tops and showing den-

coer eeeReN NK:

"= 5 ol :

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The dining-room is one of the most

RAVOLE:

The living-room is large, sunny and home-like

tels of the old-time type. An innovation has been made
at one side by the introduction of an outside chimney of
brick, which allows of a wide fireplace in the living-room.
Another addition is the glassed-in-veranda which affords a
protection in Winter, and is used as an out-of-door living-
room in Summer.

At the rear, passing through the gateway, one walks up
a path bordered on either side by old-fashioned flowers,
the same varieties that grew in our grandmothers’ gardens
of long ago. This helps to carry out the seventeenth century
idea. Here, a wide veranda across the end of the house, while

peed ns SUBS Espa

ERR » rete tera mes

ere

successful rooms in the whole house

The kitchen

not in strict accordance with the period, is most attractive,
as is also the feature shown in the second story, where
large windows open outward and give a cross draught and
plenty of light.

Standing as it does in the midst of green lawns and
flower beds, with century-old elms casting their shadows
over the grounds, it bears out the idea of the old home so
much that it is hard to realize that this is not a re-modeled

On the paneled walls of this room is displayed a collection of swords of various periods

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

Colonial house, instead of a modified colonial type, built at
the present day.

The entrance door opens into a wide hall which extends
through the center of the house and ends with another
door at the opposite side. This follows the idea of the
houses of that period, from which it was designed. The
hallway is paneled and painted a soft cream white, a most
attractive background for the rich old furniture. At one
side of the hall is a fine low-boy, an heirloom, as are all the
pieces nearly, that are found in the house. Over this
hangs a handsome Chippendale mirror, and opposite is an
old grandfather’s clock which has marked time for cen-
turies in the family. The staircase starts halfway between
the entrance doors and leads by low treads to the second
story floor.

As one enters tne hallway from the main road, at the
left is found the living-room, which differs from those of
olden days in that it is one large room, instead of being
divided into two rooms. This innovation has been so hap-
pily planned that it shows to fine advantage the wonder-
ful old furniture for which this house is so truly distin-
guished.

There is a quiet restfulness surrounding this particular
room, which is most refreshing. The walls have been
hung with just the right shade of soft green, and har-
monizing with this is a two-toned rug which covers the
hardwood floor. This plain surface might be trying if it
were not for the successful lighting of the room and the
bright coloring of the zaleas in the cretonne hangings.

November, 1912

The fireplace, which is the central feature of the room,’
is finished in brick and shows off the beauty of the old-time
steeple-top andirons and their accessories. Light, which is
the essential feature here, is obtained by the many win-
dows and the glassed-in door which divides the hall and
the living-room. At the farther end, built-in bookcases
line the wall, broken by a let-in window seat which over-
looks the old-fashioned garden.

The dining-room is at the left, the butler’s pantry and
service apartments adjoining. It is a large and cheerful
room, well-designed, showing for features, an interesting
corner cupboard and inglenook. The walls are hung
with a wonderful landscape paper which is largely of green
trees and fountains. This serves a double purpose, being
cool in effect during Summer, and in the Winter season,
lends itself to the brightening of the room through the soft
green of the foliage and the picturesque fountain effects.
Ample windows light this room, and the large fireplace
with its cheerful wood fire gives additional comfort on a
cold or rainy night. Here is found an inglenook that is
most attractive, carrying out the idea of the wooden set-
tles on either side of the fireplace so common in all old
houses. In the corner is the old cupboard, with its shell
pattern. This is an exact reproduction of one that may be

found to-day in an old Deerfield home, and forms just the
right place to show off the wonderful old china which is
supplemented by the pewter chargers and pieces of long
ago that stand on the place shelf over the mantel.

All the furniture shows the best makers’ design, the

"Stasis yall ig ce

AMERICAN HOMES

The wall-paper in the dining-room is a Colonial landscape pattern and very

AND GARDENS

}
i
i
1
j
|
4
i
{
=H

WEA

FRR CBSAS

Inglenook fireplace in the dining-room

Chippendale, Dutch and Windsor style being represented
by fine examples. Many of these old pieces have interest-
ing histories of their own, aside from their ancestral value.
Prominent among them are the old tables. One of them
was owned and used by a Surgeon-General ancestor who
served in the Revolutionary War, while another at one
time did service as a Communion table in a old country
(Continued on page 403)

ETS 8 ET NES

sds lini ASN

Cia,

beautiful in effect

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

:
be

eraser ernemerrecce

The old-time bandboxes were various and gorgeous in design, pattern and color and

DGSO a eee

an important adjunct to the wardrobe of yesterday

Bandboxes of Olden Days

By Harriet Gillespie

T is a pity that the gentle fashion of carry-
ing the pictorial bandbox of Colonial days
has, along with much else of fact and fancy,
passed away, until, to-day, it is only in some
great museum or the treasured collection of
an antiquary that these quaint olden time
receptacles are to be found. In all the domain of by-gone
relics, the bandbox possesses a charm peculiarly its own, a
charm quite apart from the fascination peculiar to that of
old china or of antique furniture, because it brings with it
from the dim and misty past such intimate suggestions of
the character and personality of the owner. Like an old
silken gown, resurrected from some long forgotten chest,
it radiates a sentient vitality that recreates for one a sense
of the atmosphere of the past as few other such things can
do.

But happily, though it has long since passed from the
realm of latter day customs, many beautiful specimens still
remain intact in collections to gladden the heart of the art
lover and to furnish a golden key to the sartorial fancies of
Colonial maids and mat-
rons. One of the most ex-
tensive of these collections
is that owned by Mr. Alex-
ander W. Drake of New
York, comprising some 300
boxes, from which the illus-
trations accompanying this
article are taken.

The importance of the
bandbox as an adjunct to
the feminine wardrobe of
the times contemporary to
its vogue can scarcely be
over-estimated, since econo-
my of space by fair travel-
ers on pillion or stage
coach was a matter of stern
necessity, so bandboxes,
many and various, filled the
place of the modern ward-
robe trunk.

It was in the be-flowered

Two bandboxes in the collection of

Mr, A. W. Drake

bandbox that the belle of 1830 carried her calash, musk-
melon hood or poke bonnet, a striking contrast to the smart
English hatbox which the girl of to-day includes in her lug-
gage. Within the kindly enclosure of other boxes, ker-
chiefs, gowns and stays were packed, for the largest of them
according to an expert, were the size of a bushel basket.

None of the writers on things Colonial have done more
than touched upon the bandboxes of the Eighteenth cen-
tury. The chroniclers of old time customs and costumes,
make but brief mention of their use and few reproductions
of photographs of them have been published.

The author of an entertaining volume “The Heritage of
Dress” says of bandboxes: ‘‘We may pause to recall a sim-

ple article which is known as a bandbox which has been

diverted from its original purpose of holding bands and is
now commonly used as a receptacle for hats. Though not
itself a part of dress, the bandbox furnished an interesting
instance of adaptation to circumstances. It was well suited
to contain articles of dress other than those for which it was
primarily intended and hence it has survived in the strug-
gle for existence.” Thus
one may emphasize the fact
that primarily bandboxes

were the more or less
ornate receivers of the
starched ruffles and rich

textile bands of gay cav-
aliers but which receptacles
for finery, women later
monopolized as suiting

more particularly the de-
mands of the feminine
wardrobe.

And now, while neither
the poke bonnet nor the
calash or any other of the
dainty “‘fal-lals”’ of olden
beaux and belles are likely
to return to their former
mode and favor, their im-
print on the fashions of the
day remains in the captivat-
ing old-fashioned bandbox

Old land-marks have been immortal-

ized by the bandbox

, re
=

November, 1912

with its gayly flowered wall-
paper covering.

Some of the boxes have a
distinctly historical value in
that they preserve much of
the history and romance of
the times. Pictorially they
faithfully reproduce many
familiar land marks in col-
ors which have all the deli-
cacy and charm of old Japa-
nese prints. Though bright,
the colors are never crude,
for the dyes of vegetable origin, bear little or no resem-
blance either as to harmony or permanency,’ to their
cheaper and less pleasing aniline prototype to-day.

Printed from handwrought wood blocks, which impart
a firm rich body of color, the method employed is only
equalled by the novelty and originality of design. In effect,
they compare favorably with the work of the best poster
artists to-day, except in the matter of color, for modern
commercial art cannot touch the Colonial yellows, the rare
ultramarines, the old china pinks or the cool hemlock
greens, which spread themselves so charmingly over the
expansive surface of the old time bandbox.

Old landmarks which were immortalized by the bandbox
chronicle were The First Capitol at Washington, ‘The First
Capitol at Albany, Castle Garden—while it was still an
island—the old New York Post Office and the New York
Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
was the somewhat disturbing subject that aroused one artist
to enthusiasm. It bore a resemblance in its soft gray and
white coloring to the Washington Memorial paper adopted
when all the nation went into mourning for the Father of
His Country.

In the windmill and railroad bandbox a model of the
first steam train is shown with a “‘postery” background .in
which a primitive windmill is prominently displayed. Both
the simplicity of treatment and the coloring make the de-
sign worthy of the prominent place it now holds framed
and hanging on the wall of a collector’s library. Among
the heroes of the day, Napoleon was a favorite subject for
the designer of old-time wall paper, and his return from
Moscow is reproduced in spirited fashion while Zachary
Taylor in characteristic pose awaits developments on a
tented camp ground.

In the same category are lively scenes depicting infantry
and cavalry at drill. Of sylvan views there are many show-

The “Windmill”

AMERICAN HOMES

bandbox, showing picture of the first railway

385
ing bosks and dells, Colo-

nial farm houses with primi-
tive surroundings and to
contrast with which, there
are classic temples, marble
fountains, formal gardens
and charioteers in gorgeous
raiment driving prancing
steeds that threaten to leap
from their setting in the ex-
citement of their mad ca-
Reet,

At the New York Metro-
politan Museum of Art, a charming specimen of bandbox of
the year 1800 is to be seen in the Bolles collection and at
Van Courtlandt Mansion, Van Courtlandt Park, others
have been preserved. It is occasionally in some isolated in-
stance, as in one of a small collection loaned by Mr. Drake
to the D. A. R. Museum at the Jumel Mansion that a hint of
a maker of bandboxes is obtained. Inside the cover on a
label, yellowed with age, there was found printed this

AND GARDENS

legend :—

BANDBOX
MADE BY HANNAH DAVIS,
EAST JAFFREY, N. H.

To the average collector, this tantalizing inscription
is sufficient to cause curiosity to run riot for some clue
to the identity of Hannah, the maker of bandboxes. And
while commonly the result would be only a matter of con-
jecture, fortunately in this instance, speculation is lost in
knowledge. For curiously enough, a little old lady visiting
the Museum one day not long since, espied the interesting
relics reposing in the bed chamber that once belonged to
Madame Jumel.

‘““Wihy, those look like Hannah Davis’s bandboxes,” ex-
claimed the little woman in amazement.

‘So they are,’’ replied the Curator, “let me show you,”
and suiting the action to the word, he withdrew the cover
and held it up for her inspection. Reminiscences of
Hannah, the bandbox maker, followed.

“T can see her now,” went on the visitor, her eyes bright-
ening at the recollection, ‘‘as she used to come to our
village with her sleigh piled up with bandboxes. I lived in
in the next town and my mother always saved our old news-
papers with which to line the boxes.”

And even as the reconteur stated the boxes were all neatly
lined with newspapers of the date of 1855. A perusal of

(Continued on page 408)

These two bandboxes in the Drake collection are typical specimens of those in general use a century ago

386 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SEE ar

toy 73 (bh a H

TL a

November, 1912

A playhouse upon a large country estate where it agrees in style with the other buildings =*~_

Little Houses for Little People

=m] OT HING is more absorbing or delightful to

||| children, than the possession of some little
place which they may claim as their very
own. The home-making instinct is strong

even in childhood, the
tiniest little house in
which to play, even if it be surrounded
by a little ground where a garden
might be made, would be to most chil-
dren the happy realization of dreams
come true. ‘The idea after all is but
the nursery plan carried a step further,
and in a perfectly logical direction, for
if one room of the house be devoted to
the children and their playthings and
be considered wholly apart from the
rest of the house and subject to a large
measure of ex-territorial privilege, the
granting of such independence might
be made more complete by installing
the children in a little playhouse which
may be exclusively theirs. The idea

| hone chee the sand ile

By Robert H. Van Court

Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and others

learned within the pa

derstanding of childr

was scoffed at a generation ago, but many lessons have been

st twenty years, and much progress has

been made in the sympathetic treatment and intelligent un-
en. The writer knows of but two play-

houses which entered into the experi-
ences of his own childhood, and it is
interesting to find that both of these
simple little playhouses, which were
part and parcel of the lives of two little
girls, are now fulfilling the same func-
tion for a younger generation.

After all, what is more fascinating
to the average man or woman than the
fitting up of a home? With what pleas-
ure and interest one plans and fur-
nishes a house, apartment or even a
modest little habitation made from one
or two small rooms! How one en-
joys searching the shops for just the
one fabric or piece of furniture or
china needed to complete a certain ef-
fect, and how even the drawbacks to

November, 1912

home-making are forgotten
in the increased experience
which comes with each difh-
culty met and overcome!
And if men and women are
only boys and girls grown
tall, the same things which
interest mature years may be
quite as fascinating in a
somewhat different manner
and degree, in the years of
childhood. Happy is the
boy or girl who is given the
opportunity of working out
these delightful problems in
his or her own way.

Let no one suppose that
cleverness and ingenuity in
home-making belong only to
adult men and women. The
little playhouses here shown,
built in widely different sec-
tions of the country, are of :
many types and styles, and may be supposed to indicate the
tastes of the little men and women for whom they have been
planned. The keen ingenuity of childhood has developed a
few of these little houses from materials which are easily
to be had, and no doubt the little wigwam or the nests
placed literally among the boughs of trees mean quite as
much to their young owners as the beautifully designed and
faultlessly built little structures which have been placed in
gardens or upon barns of extensive country estates.

Several of the small buildings of which illustrations are
given may be said to represent, upon a small scale, the en-
tire history of American home-making. ‘The little birch
bark tepee where the children may play, dressed as Indians,
represents, of course, the earliest of American homes, the

RIE NRE IE OIG

A family gathering about the tea table

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 337

IL LSE A STLEPODELLANIS EAR MED

habitations of the Aborigi-
nes. Next comes the little
cabin built of logs where the
children may imagine them-
selves sturdy pioneers in the
wilderness—the advance
guard of civilization, disput-
ing every inch of the way
with the Indians. Other
houses might be said to rep-
resent later types of Amer-
ican homes of greater beauty
and refinement, and the very
charming and complete play-
house shown at the beginning
of this article might be said
to represent the present day
home with its grace and lux-
ury, for it is part of an ex-
tensive country estate, and
agrees in design and con-
struction with the other
buildings upon the place.

The smaller picture on page 386 shows a ‘“‘sand house,”’
and is included in this series, because it represents one phase
of the playhouse which is apt to be overlooked. Children
love to play in the sand, and here a low wall confines it in
place and the roof protects both the children and the sand
from the sun and the rain. ‘The little treetop playhouses
shown upon page 387 display the work of youthful archi-
tects and represent what may be called the “naturalistic
school” of playhouse architecture.

Be the playhouse ever so simple, the children will use it to
their enjoyment and enter with enthusiasm into its furnish-
ing and arrangement. Such houses, in their simpler forms,
are quite inexpensive and their cost is not to be regarded
or compared with the enjoyment which their use will af-

These little perches placed literally among the leaves may be said to represent the naturalistic school of playhouse building

388

ford. It may be of almost any size. As may be seen from
the pictures, some of these attractive little homes in minia-
ture are so tiny that one could scarcely turn around, while

others are quite magnificent,
but if the playhouse be large
enough to allow for romping
and pillow-fighting, its use
will be ever so much the
more enjoyed, and its use-
fulness will be prolonged
many years after dolls have
ceased to amuse and tea
parties have lost their
charm.

If a playhouse is to be
built, and if the size of the
appropriation permits, by all
means have a fireplace or at
least some provision for
heating during cold weather.
This will make the house
useful during the long Win-

ter months, when much time must of necessity be spent in-
doors, and when the independence of the playhouse is

most needed to relieve the
tedium of enforced confine-
ment.

The danger of fire need not
be feared unless the children
are very small, and no one
has invented a surer way of
teaching the value of respon-
sibility than by making boys
and girls understand just
what responsibility means by
actual contact.

Running water should be
provided by all means.
Its cost...need be but: a
trifle. and it makes pos-
sible all kinds of play, for
besides sailing navies and
transport lines in tubs, water

is required for the doll’s kitchen and laundry, to say noth-

The playhouse is patterned to some extent after the residence.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

A Winter view of the playhouse veranda

The most dignified of playhouses

The doll’s playhouse to the right is a copy of the house tor the children

November, 1912

cleansing. A playhouse for a boy might very shortly de-
velop into a carpenter shop or a store. One such house
at an early stage of its career became a station for the

sending and receiving of
messages by wireless tele-
graphy and another was de-
voted to photography with
a dark room and the appar-
atus for the finishing as well
as the taking of pictures. Its
use gives a boy a certain
sense of responsibility be-
sides making a place for his
treasures at many stages of
his career—the Noah’s Ark
and tin street cars of his
earlier days, the fishing-rods,
balls and bats, and tennis
racquets of succeeding days
and the guns and fencing
foils of another age.

A girl’s playhouse might

become an amateur cooking school after its original purpose
had been served, but as photography it is quite as popular

with girls as with boys;
a playhouse for a girl
might be used very largely
for this purpose. Children
are wonderfully inventive
and the average boy or girl
will not fail to find a very
definite and specific use for a
playhouse and to discover
new uses for it ‘as time
passes and pleasure in one
pastime is lost as newer in-
terests come to the fore.
What becomes of play-
houses when they have been
outgrown by the children
for whom they were built?
The question is hard to an-
swer for no two cases are

quite alike. As has already been said some playhouses are

ing of its use in the toilet of the doll family when their now serving for the dolls and other childhood treasures
complexions will permit of such primitive methods of of a second generation; another playhouse, somewhat en-

November, 1912

larged, is the study and
workroom of a woman
author for whose use the
little structure was built
many years ago. i\ young
artist has made a studio of
the playhouse of his boy-
hood days, and before reach-
ing its present stage as a
studio it had been used for
numerous other purposes as
life’s horizon widéned and
new possibilities were pre-
sented. In many cases a
playhouse built for a child
is useful long after the pass-
ing of the period for which
it was constructed.

If it be possible to give
the children a little play-
house do so by all means
whether it be the work of
a great architect or the sim-
plest little cabin made of a
few packing boxes. The ef-
fort will be well worth while,
and both effort and cost will
be repaid one hundred-fold
in the value of the lessons in
self-reliance and independ-
ence which its possession will
bring to its little owners.
Then there is also the great

pleasure of having it, and who would begrudge the simple
little sources of happiness which mean so much to children
and which make childhood a time of happy days to be held
in everlasting remembrance?
definite rules about the building of playhouses and no one

PALATES dlbaligos

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Where the children, rested as Indians, live the life of Aborigines

There are, of course, no

Li ANS lie ea FA EAS: CURES

389

has yet invented a style of
architecture which can be
said to be particularly
adapted for such little build-
ings. Children are natur-
ally imitators of their elders,
and their tendency would be
to arrange their playhouse
as a small model of their
own home or some other
home which seemed to them
particularly interesting. Per-
haps the same ease with
which they imitate leads
them to make playhouse life
a small copy of life in real-
ity; and to imitate the actual
makeshifts which real ex-
perience brings such as
might be expected in an Ind-
lan’s tent or the log cabin
home of a hardy pioneer. A
children’s playhouse is some-
times made a decorative fea-
ture of a country place, and
very often the playhouse is
a model upon a small scale
of the home itself. One of
the pictures shows an inter-
esting application of this
idea, for upon a large coun-
try estate at Lake Forest,
Illinois, a playhouse for the

children has been built in a style somewhat similar to

the home itself and close by is a doll’s playhouse which

is a copy of the children’s house.

imitate their elders, so the dolls may be said to be imi-
(Continued on page 408)

Thus as the children

The little owners of this playhouse may imagine themselves brave and sturdy pioneers

AMERICAN HOME

SS el a.

Pee eRe.

Ses see

"RY

OF ATTRACTIVE

Ait ALLA ALANA

AND GARDENS

naan ee 7

iy,
Ye rep hes

Dew,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a

(eae eso

392 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

Weather-vanes, as indicators of the wind’s doings, have held an honorable position in tradition

W eather-V anes

By Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner and Others

T matters not a jot if conversation about the
weather is taboo. It matters not if polite
society falls upon weather talk only as a
dernier ressort when all other topics languish
in the company of unutterable bores. Just
the same, we are all interested in the
weather, vitally interested in it. ‘The very first thing we do
when we awake in the morning is to look out to see how the
day is going to be and whether it is going to suit our several
occasions of business or pleasure. At the breakfast table,
the chances are that, as the pater familias

hastily glances at the morning paper, some

one will ask ‘‘What does Old Probabilities

say?’ or, if the skies be doubtful, the

weatherwise member of the household will

have to dispense advice about taking um-

brellas or raincoats. ~..,,

So then, since the state ‘of the weather is,
and always has been, of such moment to
man in his work and play; his disposition
and his doing, it is small wonder that the
direction of the wind should concern us,
for the wind it is that chiefly governs the
local conditions of the weather. Its varia-
tions are fraught with all sorts of issues .
for us, some good, some bad; its con-
stant inconstancy is a kind of balance to
the wheel of fortune, bringing divers things

wise old Thomas Tusser, of ‘“‘Good Husbandry” repute,
sang long ago:

«¢ ~ . .
Except wind stands as it never stood,
lt ts an ill wind turns none to good.’’

Weather-vanes therefore, as indicators of the wind’s
doings, have held an honorable position in society from the
earliest times and have appeared in all forms from the
finger of the savage, wetted in his mouth and held up to
see which side felt cold, to the gorgeously gilt chanticleer
perched with haughty mien atop the church
spire, swelling his chest and perking his
tail feathers with an air of conscious
superiority to all sublunary creatures. A
dependable weather-vane near by is not
only a great help in making your own prog-
nostications, but is also really companion-
able. If you have a weather-vane of your
own or one of your neighbor’s—which will
do quite as well—that you can watch and
become thoroughly familiar with all its per-
formances, you will be surprised to find
how weatherwise you will soon grow and
how proficient in making reliable forecasts.
An amazing store of weather lore will soon
pile up, gathered from that best of all
sources, personal observation. Your in-
creasing ability to distinguish local condi-

to divers men at each veering, just as An old Philadelphia weather-vane tions and discern impending changes will

November, 1912

PPA

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SES D
iy

393

y Wy

Types of weather-vanes suitable for country-home out-buildings

foster in you a properspirit of independence. It will also
wholesomely stimulate your esteem for the study of that
most interesting, honorable, ancient and worthy branch of
learning, the weather or, to give it its proper title,
meteorology.

The word “vane”’ according to strict historic signification
denotes something extended or spread out to the wind as a
flag or pennon. A thin plate or slip of metal or wood
pivoted out of center on a spindle so as to revolve freely in
the wind, turning the heaviest portion away from the point
whence the wind blows, is a weather-vane. Likely enough,
from its etymological derivation, a flag or pennon was the
direct ancestor of the weather-vane which was doubtless
made first in that form. We have a survival of this origi-
nal type in the dog-vane on shipboard, a cone of bunting the
open end of which is stretched about a ring or small hoop
attached by a swivel to the masthead.

The first weather-vane of which we have any historical
record was constructed by the Greek astronomer,
Andronicus of Cyrrhus, somewhere about the year 100 B.C.
His horologium, the so-called “tower of the winds” at
Athens, a portion of which may still be seen, was an octago-
nal building with figures representing the eight principal
winds carven on each side. On the summit a brazen Triton,
with a rod in his hand, turned round by the wind, pointed
to the quarter from which it blew. Weather-vanes may be
of an almost endless diversity of patterns but the best, very
naturally, are those that are simplest and respond most
readily to the slightest breath of wind.

The practical essentials of a good vane are that it shall be
reliable, keep in order and work easily. A weather-vane
that doesn’t spin is like a clock that doesn’t run or an in-
veterate liar whom you never can believe. It tells the truth
only when the wind happens to be in that particular quarter
just like the stand-still clock that is right only twice in the
twenty-four hours. Although the scientific requirements of
a vane are few it nevertheless keeps excellent scientific com-
pany; it is, in fact, a necessary member of the weather
man’s outfit of polarimeters, hygrometers and heaven only
knows how many more imeters and ometers of sundry sorts.

Vanes are not hard to make and with an ordinary amount
of care and neatness in handling tools, a wind-indicator that
will be really accurate and sensitive can be made in the
home workshop. In setting the vane on its spindle one must
see to it that there is a proper balance and that the greatest
overhang comes on the side opposite to that facing the
wind.’ Weather-vanes may be devised of almost any de-
sired pattern that the maker has ingenuity to design and
skill to execute. The devices may either be shaped from
wood of about half an inch in thickness or from a thin sheet
of metal. Sometimes, also, a very light framework of wood
is covered on both sides with thin metal sheets in order to
secure greater stiffness where the design is of an elaborate

character. Anyone possessed of a mechanical turn and a
fancy to put his conceits in tangible form can find plenty of
occupation for odd moments in contriving vanes of a
fashion distinctive and appropriate for the places they are
meant to occupy.

A wind-pennant, such as already referred to for use on
shipboard, may easily be made by fastening the mouth of a
cone or funnel-shaped piece of silk or cotton around a metal
or wooden ring about five inches in diameter. The cone
should be from fifteen to twenty inches long and closed at
the small end; the most satisfactory material is flag bunting.
No form of vane is more sensitive and reliable than these
pennants; they respond to the least stirring of air. At the

e a
myry eaters

is A 7
La
| .

Wales on a Sbictc cottage

394

Types of weather-vanes to be found on some Pennsylvania estates

expense of a little trouble a weather-vane may be con-
structed with an attachment for indoor readings. Con-
nection may be made either electrically or mechanically by
an inner spindle with a dial like a clock face on which a
hand indicator points to the quarters of the compass in-
stead of to the hours. North is at the top, South at the
bottom, West at the left and East at the right. The great
advantage possessed by this sort of vane is that it can be
read at night. Occasionally weather-dials are set on the
exteriors of buildings and always supply a pleasantly ani-
mated feature.

In their architectural significance weather-vanes are of
just as much import to most of us as they are in their purely

i CS as AT BTID POS OE

Weather-vane on the porchroof of a country house

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

practical capacity. To begin with, the right kind of vane
suitably set imparts a finish and distinction that nothing else
will quite take the place of. On spire or turret, on lantern
or gable, a vane strikes a note alike of finality and life: of
finality because its presence shows that the culmination has
been reached, the structure is complete, there is nothing
more to be done; of life, because it seems in some way to
say that the building it surmounts is instinct with the quick-
ening spirit of nature whose breath currents it marks with
its never-resting pointer. Of course, to be acceptable the
right vane must be in the right spot. Place and setting must
be perfectly congruous. Better no vane than the wrong
vane or\the wrong setting. But just herein lies the chance
of the architect to make a happy stroke.

A weather-vane is in itself a legitimate piece of ornamen-
tation inasmuch as it emphasizes structural points, and at the
same time it is susceptible of much embellishment and orna-
mental treatment on its own account. A graceful vane oft-
times supplies just the one needful complement of detail to
perfect the line of a roof or pinnacle and relieve any sense
of baldness that its absence might occasion. Wherever it
may be set a weather-vane certainly prevents any feeling of
monotony. If you wish to test the truth of this, look at
some point from which a vane that you have been accus-
tomed to watching has been removed and see how lifeless
it appears. Think, too, whether nine times out of ten, other
things being equal, you wouldn’t rather look at something
with an element of variability in it to break its sameness, an
element of movement and life. And try, besides, looking at
a live vane and a “‘stickit’” vane that always points one way,
no matter whether Auster blows gently or Boreas roars and
rages, and see how much more interesting the live one is.

Quite apart from architectural or artistic aspects, a
weather-vane may serve as an index to the special character
or office of the building it stands on. It may advertise not
only the use to which the building is put, but may also give
a hint of the business, recreation or personal fancies of its
owner, establishing thereby a kind of personal spirit in the
fabric itself. Through the medium of the vane’s in-
dividuality the personality of the owner may make itself
plainly apparent. So much is this the case that someone has
aptly said, ‘‘As the book-plate to the volume, so is the
weather-vane to the homestead.”

Sometimes a vane is expressive of the dominant con-
sideration of a whole community as, for instance, the sacred
gilded codfish, emblem of Massachusetts’ prosperity, swim-
ming aloft in the blue of heaven above the steeple of Mar-
blehead church. Considering what the harvest of the sea
has meant to generations of hardy Marblehead fishermen,
it is no wonder the codfish should hold an exalted place of
honor on one of the chief buildings of that fine old coast
town. Just why gilt cocks should root so nonchalantly on so

(Continued on page 403)

AMERICAN HOME

*. + ee

November, 1912

pie IP

The front view of “Upwey,

TET AE EG IL EIDE,

” house, gardener’s cottage and stables presents

S AND GARDENS

Go
LA

the aspect of old-world domestic architecture

A Country Home of Distinction

By Gardner Teall

Photographs by

puxsceasg|| TIE city dweller, immured by the formal sur-

re 4|| roundings of a metropolitan home, whether
it is a house or an apartment will, if he be
half-way human, sigh now and then for a bit
of life in the country, not for the discomforts
that often enough attend his vacation jaunts
to out-of-the-way places, but for a bit of land of his own
where there are trees and flowers and birds, (clean snow in
Winter, if you like!), to make the house
he would like to build on it seem like a real
home, which the memory of his boyhood
spent amid such surroundings recalls to his
town-tired mind.

There used to be a time when the city
was the city and the country the country,
when the one sort of life stood for a more
comfortable sort than the other, and to the
city dweller the thought of life outside of
the town seemed fraught only with the
possibilities of every discomfort the mind
could conjure up. These were the days
(and they were not so long ago, either)
when we had forgotten the good things
about living in general which our ancestors
in late Colonial times had known and en-
joyed and had not yet entered upon the

The entra

seins

T. C. Turner

present era of the return to the land. But it has always
remained with us—this enjoyment of country life, to think,
that the renaissance of our interest in it is unified and many
men and women the land over are proving it. It would
be difficult to withstand the appeal such a spot as ‘““Upwey,”’
the country home of Mr. Ernest Elmo Calkins at Elmsford,
New York, makes instantly to one who is fortunate enough
to visit it, or who is given the pleasure of seeing it illus-
trated, even though the most beautiful
photographs do it scant justice.

The site of ‘“‘Upwey”’ is particularly at-
tractive. The house is built in the midst
of a wooded area on the top of a rocky
hill, whence one may look out across the
valley to a picturesque range of hills that
rise between Elmsford and the Hudson
River. “Upwey” is not a large house—
indeed, it contains but seven rooms and the
bathrooms, but it is complete in its appoint-
ments to the minutest detail. Essentially a
house to be lived in and a home to be en-
joyed, ‘““Upwey”’ is strongly impressed with
the sense of an individuality which makes
its completeness the more attractive.

There are few features of old-world
countryside architecture so delightful as

nce door

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

she : EMESIS

November, 1912

3 P18 e %
ee ee Se

Re Ee SPOR om tees bets ae

Few country homes are as fortunate in their location as is ““Upwey,’’ which, situated upon the hillside commands a delightful view of the

surrounding country.

the cottage groupings one finds in English villages. One
truly wishes we might oftener strive for such effects here
in America where there is the landscape fitted to such archi-
tectural arrangements. “Upwey,” with its harmonious out-
buildings has taken on this cottage aspect, presenting, as one
approaches it from the roadside, a thoroughly charming ex-

A path winds up to the entrance of the garden front through beautiful shrubbery

terior, preparing the visitor for the excellence of the interior
when he will have crossed the hospitable threshhold. A
vine-covered facade knits ‘““Upwey” to its surroundings,
and in Winter furnishes a pleasant pattern for the eye to
rest upon, although the walls of native stone and stucco
are thoroughly attractive in themselves at all seasons, with

November, 1912

the half-timber construction
peeping out here and there
to lend to the whole a sense
of warmth. :
he house is entered
through a broad doorway
opening into a square vesti-
bule from which one may
look straight ahead through
the hallway that gives direct
access to an attractive room-
like covered porch of goodly
proportion. There is_ al-
ways something pleasant
about a hallway that runs
directly through a _ house,
reminding us of the old-
fashioned hallway arrange-
ment of Colonial houses.
However, in “Upwey”’ this
hallway does not lead to
a level. Instead, the porch
mentioned above is a story
above the rear garden level
of the house by reason of
its hill-crest location. This
out-door “sun-parlor” (to
use a commonplace term for
something as far removed
from the commonplace as a
porch could be), is also
reached from a door to the

left of the windows at the end of the dining-room and often
the host and hostess of “Upwey” have the table set there

Ee EOE:

The excellence in design

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The garden front of “Upwey”

397

for the morning repast. In
Summertime as one sits here
when the golden sunlight
glints the leafy tree-tops
just beyond, it all seems like
a house in the tree-tops such
as the fancy conjures up
when one turns the delight-
ful pages of “Peter Pan”
till he comes to where
Wendy and Peter Pan live
happily ever afterwards.

I suppose the passer-by
would never be able to
“guess out” (as the school-
boy said of the puzzle) the
arrangement of the interior
of “Upwey” from the ex-
terior. here are the little
windows—not so _ little,
either—of leaded panes
which you see from the
roadway, imagining, per-
haps, that if you stepped
close to the house you might
be looking directly upon a
ground floor on the same
level as that at which you
would be standing. But once
inside you discover that
these windows light the
large living-room to the left

of the hall some distance above one’s head as he stands
in this room which is sunk eight steps—some six feet below

and setting of trees

398

the floor of the entrance
hallway. The illustrations
on page 398 clearly indicate
the relation of the hall to
the living-room, the former
taking on a gallery-like ap-
pearance when viewed from
the floor of the former. The
ceiling of the living-room is
squarely beamed, and like
the rest of the woodwork of
this level is of brown oak
whose grain has been beau-
tifully brought ‘out by a
careful wax and sand finish.
Wihitles there is a certain
massiveness in the materials
of woodwork construction
there is nowhere in this
room or anywhere in the
house a sense of op-
pressive heaviness
therefrom; quite
the contrary. Every-
where the feeling
of the house is one
of intimate comfort
without one forbid-
ding architectural

AMERICAN

ity

i
ia
E
R
&

HOMES AND GARDENS

Interior view looking down

note intruding itself.

DINING FOGM

The living-room
walls above the
paneling are rough
plaster tinted a rich

The living-room of

‘Upwey’ ’

door to the right of the fireplace

BLD ROOM

Y) IWAIOS POON
l
\

The first floor plan and the second floor plan of “‘Upwey’’ here shown were somewhat
modified in the completed house by the addition of the ombra leading from the living-room

November, 1912

yellow, which harmonizes
with the colored bricks of
the great fireplace and chim-
ney. This fireplace is one
of the five in this house. It
has a projecting hood, re-
minding one of the fireplaces
in the old manor-houses of
England, and the opening is
five feet across. Moreover
it does not smoke, an added
blessing to an added com-
fort! The chimney that
draws is an enviable thing,
in this day of crowding flues
together and it means much
to chronicle the fact that the
chimneys of “Upwey” draw,
and that every fireplace in
the house shares the distinc-
tion of the one in
the living-room. It
is interesting to
study their arrange-
ment upon the plan.

From the living-
room one may step
out by a door at the
right of the fireplace
upon a large out-
door room—the
ombra, the Italians
would call it. This
spacious shaded

showing the dining-room which is on the level eight steps above it

November, 1912

5 Ore:

The stable entrance

porch is one of the most delightful spots in Summer imagin-

able, for it looks right out into the tree-tops after the man-
ner of the porch of the dining-room. In their season flower-
ing plants fill the boxes that rest upon the low enclosing
wall, and the humming birds love to come to sip honey
from the sweetly-scented blossoms, whose fragrance is
wafted indoors by every breath of wind blowing.

The dining-room, which has a fine built-in sideboard, is
just across from the steps leading up from the living-room
to the hallway. It is a comfortable, attractive room and

SF ES ESAS

sa t PLOTLELY BLN OE I NIE ATS

The dining-room of “Upwey” is one of the most successful

Corner terrace

rooms in the house.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 399

Step

well placed in the plan. The service part of the house has
been skilfully worked out, especially in the plan of the
servant’s bedroom, the bathroom and the sewing-room. The
woodwork throughout the service part is enamel finish and
the plaster walls are finished with a tint of neutral tan color.

The gardener’s cottage to the north of the house has
two bedrooms and a bathroom upon the upper floor and a
large living-room below. These rooms have walls of rough
plaster, tinted, and correspond to the walls of the larger
house. The stable 1s to the right of the gardener’s house.

stained brown

The oak woodwork is

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

There is not a more healthful, grace-giving exercise than that of archery

The Revival of Archery

By Helen N. Marion

RCHERY, a favorite diversion in the days
of Robin Hood and his “merrie men,”’ is
becoming one of the popular as well as
harmless and fascinating sports of to-day.

The game of archery is as old as history,
but like everything else connected with long
bow shooting, it was brought to perfection in England dur-
ing the period between the Conquest and the date of the
adoption of fire-arms for the infantry of Great Britain.
As soon as guns had supplanted the bow and arrow as a
means of warfare, the great practice fields made for public
shooting were dismantled, and archery became simply a
sport, adopted by the wealthy, and all the archery tourna-
ments were confined to the beautiful parks. belonging to the
old societies, or to the lawns prepared at the country places
of gentlemen who patronized the sport.

These English archery meetings were often conducted
with great grandeur. Showy tents were set up on the lawn,
bands played popular airs, while the bowmen, gayly dressed,
paraded here and there about the grounds. Again the
shoots were social affairs, conducted with more privacy,
held under the auspices of some interested friend of the
sport, who invited a few congenial spirits for an afternoon’s
shoot and simple informal dinner.

This old-fashioned game is coming into vogue more and

more here in America. One of its greatest charms lies in
the fact that it is an exercise which is not confined to men
alone. Women have attained a great amount of skill
with the bow, and it is especially recommended to those
who do not enjoy the more violent forms of exercise.

It combines interest and health giving activity, and is an
excellent game for developing the muscles, giving grace of
carriage, adding suppleness to the body, and training the
eye, and it has the advantage of showing off a good figure,
or of developing one for the girl who wishes to attain it.

The first point to consider, if one wishes to take up with
archery, is the bow. ‘This should not be too strong, as
archers new to the sport are apt to make this error. Even
of more importance than the bow is the arrow, as this re-
quires the greatest nicety to make. One can get on with a
bow of inferior make, but unless the arrow be of the best,
Robin Hood himself would have aimed in vain. The best
wood for arrows for target shooting is hard seasoned pine.

Next to having a perfectly straight and even arrow, the
feathers should be considered. For long range shooting
the feathers of the arrow should be narrow, and the shaft
light, while for short range more accurate shooting, the
shaft must be heavy and the feathers broad.

If a girl wishes to take up this sport as an exercise only,
and is not particular about making record shoots, just as

November, 1912

much pleasure can be obtained by using less expensive out-
fits. Bows and arrows can be purchased at a very reason-
able figure, or they can be made at home if one is clever.
Bamboo can be utilized in this case.

The target may be made of twisted straw, covered with
thin canvas or even paper, on which a bull’s eye is painted.
Archery tournaments may be held in one’s own yard, but
one thing the invited guests or onlookers must remember
is to get out of range of erratic marksmanship.

This sport to prove beneficial, like all other exercises,
must be kept up, and practiced regularly to obtain good re-
sults. [here is no tonic in the world like out-of-door life,
and this combined with healthful exercise, soon shows in
rosy cheeks and fine physique.

This sport in the United States has not in the past been
nearly so popular as it should have been, considering the ad-
vantages which have been attained from it, and it has not
been carried to the same degree of perfection as in Eng-
land. In 1879 the National Archery Association of the
United States was formed, and holds contests annually, the
same regulations being employed as those used by the Eng-
lish’ National Association. [he targets are fixed exactly
opposite each other at sixty yards, or more, when a longer
distance is to be covered.

The proper number of arrows called for by the regula-
tions are shot from each end (row of targets on their
stands) by all the party assembled. When this has been
done all pick up or extract their arrows, the marker scoring
for each before they are drawn from the target. After this
has been done, the arrows are shot back to the other end,
and so on until the whole number of ends have been shot.
The word end is also used to signify the number of shots

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

401

fired consecutively from one spot. For instance, if a
shooter lets go three arrows, one following the other, it
is called an end.

In the English field regulations, which could be followed
if one wished to enjoy an amateur tournament, the rules
are—shooting to be in the order in which the names are
entered on the target list, any one not ready when called
being obliged to shoot last.

No one is allowed to shoot out of his turn. No arrow to
be withdrawn from the target until it has been scored by the
captain, or it will lose its value. No talking is allowed at
the ends while the shooting is going on, and only those
shooting are allowed in front of the target. All arrows
must be clearly marked in different colors, the colors chosen
by each person being entered on the books.

The interest shown among the people of England is no
doubt increased by its historic associations, and by the fa-
mous victories which have been won by their ancestors, but
as a sport pure and simple, combining exercise which is ben-
eficial for young and old alike, it should be taken up by the
people of America, and made as popular as tennis, golf,
swimming and others too numerous to mention.

In the cultivation of archery in its various fields; that of
battle, outlawry, chase, games and sport as practised on the
sanguinary plain, in Sherwood Forest, in the hunter’s pre-
serve, at Olympic Games, or in lawn tournaments, the
range of its phases even as we have given it, is hardly com-
plete, for one realizes that in the refinements of the art as
incidentally pictured in our illustrations and in the play of
garden parties where the sturdy archer and the fair archer-
ess enter into the glory and the pleasure of sterling compe-
tition, they enjoy a recreation, which is that of ‘Pastime.’

Sind ins Sa ae eas Sean

SS ea

Archery affords a delightful twentieth century pastime in contrast to its employment in Robin Hood day

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

HARDWARE FOR THE SMALL HOUSE
By Harry Martin Yeomans

aq)| IE demand for complete harmony in every
detail of the modern house can be satisfied
even to the key-plates and the door-knobs,
for the great interest in household art and
the desire for more artistic fine hardware,
has resulted in the manufacturers designing
and carrying in stock fine metal trimmings and ornaments
to carry out decorative schemes of any of the great periods
of decorative art, from the Gothic down to our own Ameri-
can Colonial, not to mention the modern Mission style.

The prices vary according to the style and finish from the
medium-priced to the mercury-gold (gold-plaited, burned on
with mercury), metal trimmings suitable only for elaborate
schemes of decoration and large purses.

In common with all other details of the little house, the
fine hardware should be selected with care and discrimina-
tion so that the locks and catches are of good quality, and
will not speedily get out of order, but in this small article
we shall be more interested in the outward appearance of
the hardware, such as the escutcheons and knobs, the de-
sign of which should be suited to the general character of the
house in which they are to be used. They should not be too
frail-looking, neither should they be so heavy and elaborate
in design that they attract attention in themselves. The door
is the principal thing and its knob and key-plate are only
incidentals, and while they should be good in detail of de-
sign and workmanship, they
should not attract one’s not-
ice on account of their size
or elaborateness.

This general rule can be
transgressed, however, with
reference to the main door
of the house, facing the
highway, which should have
an ample lock and _ orna-
mental trimming of goodly
size and character for this
heavier door and to denote
the principal entrance to the
dwelling. This lock is the de-
fence of the home, and this
main door is to keep people
in as well as to keep them out.

The strap hinge of
wrought iron fulfils the re-
quirements of good design,
inasmuch as it is both useful
and ornamental, and it is a
pity that it is not more fre-

SESS

WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries
from subscribers pertaining to Home Decoration.
should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired

A simple Colonial cottage type of door-latch

Stamps

quently employed by architects. On the heavy entrance
doors of brick houses of Elizabethan or Tudor architecture,
or those showing Italian tendencies in their lines, strap
hinges would be both appropriate and artistic, or on cement
houses of the Mission type.

The fine hardware for the little house can be obtained
in wrought or cast bronze, brass, steel or iron. It comes
in a variety of beautiful and artistic finishes. The brass
hardware can be obtained with either a bright or a matt
surface, while the bronze escutcheons and knobs show
traces of red or gold in the finish of the fine detail. A
beautiful vert antique surface can also be obtained for
schemes that require a dark-toned hardware. Some of the
hardware is electrically plated, but when the basic metal is
iron, it should be avoided, as the plating will wear off in
a short time.

For the average small house of moderate cost, the hard-
ware of Colonial design, in brass, is perhaps the best and
most appropriate. The simplicity of design makes it avail-
able for the house that is really Colonial in detail, as well
as for the house that is just “‘modern’’ with no decided
architectural characteristics. One knob and escutcheon is
attractive on account of its utter lack of ornamentation,
while another has its plainness relieved by a simple beading
around the edge, and one could not make a better selection
for a smll house.

For the entrance door and interior doors of Colonial
houses, the manufacturers are now reproducing the thumb
or lift latch which has been almost entirely abandoned in
favor of the conventional
knob. They come in both
brass and iron. ‘These
latches are especially appro-
priate for remodeled farm-
houses or for new houses of
the farmhouse type, and
should be used in connection
with an old-fashioned brass
or iron knocker, when placed
on the entrance door.

The glass knobs should
not be overlooked when the
fine hardware for the house
is under consideration. They
give an old-time atmosphere
to white painted doors, and
as they can be washed, they
make a big appeal for both
sanitary and artistic reasons.
They can be obtained both
in pressed or cut glass. There
are also tiny glass knobs for
the inside folding shutters.

eiboue

November, 1912

The great number of bungalows and houses of the Mis-
sion type, in all of its ramifications, which have been built
within the last few years, have brought forward hardware
of great simplicity of design, having a dull finish like gun-
metal, and especially designed for houses of this nature.

Money spent for good hardware is never wasted and
the subject should not be dismissed as being of but slight
importance. The following table is supplied by a well-
known firm of manufacturers, for the guidance of the in-
tending home builder, and gives the lowest approximate
amount which should be allowed for the house hardware;
excluding the rough hardware, such as nails, sash pulleys,
sash weights, and other items of a like nature:

For houses costing $3,000, allow not less than $75

a 4,000, ‘ 100
ce “ce ce 5,000, ce «ce 66 (a3 125
ce ce «e 6,000, «e 66 6 ce 150
ce ce oe 7,000, ay ce oc 6 200
ce ce a3 10,000, he a3 ce a3 300

The dealers in fine hardware issue catalogues of their
products and it is a good idea to look into the subject during
the early state of one’s building operations.

WEATHER- VANES
(Continued from page 394)

P= ped bea b= sd sd babs abs lbs bal b= dib = bs abd bpd bs ab sdb bs abs bs b= abs abs sal bed] bs dibealbsalbsalbeaibea beabsaipsaiped|psabsabed be bed bea bsdib=qpsa
many church spires has never been quite satisfactorily ex-
plained by either antiquaries or ecclesiologists but the fact
remains, nevertheless, that the specimens of aureate poultry
are so numerous that they have made the name weather-
cock interchangeable with weather-vane. Ecclesiastical lore
is so richly emblematic that there seems no good reason why
a reminder of Peter’s incon-
stancy should enjoy a monop-
oly of steeples.

It is when we come to
dwellings and their adjacent
out-buildings that the fancy
for variety in vanes takes its
fullest play. Byre and stable,
hennery and kennel can each
be designated by an appropri-
ate device. A lodge and gar-
dener’s cottage is unmistak-
ably labeled by the vane
shown in one of the illustra-
tions where the worthy flori-
culturist is caught in the very
act of watering his posies.
The flowers are rewarding his
labors by flourishing fam-
ously. One of the poultry
houses on the same estate is
marked by the sign of the hen
and chickens, the latter hav-
ing an exciting tug of war
with a hapless earthworm
which they are heartlessly
rending in twain. ‘The cir-
cular gazebo or tea house of
still another picture displays
a scene taken from real life.
From the little black and tan
terrier at one end to the rab-
bit at the other, every detail
has its actual prototype. The
terrier chases the rabbit
every day and always in the
direction in which the ‘‘Molly-
cotton-tail” isn’t running so

32) 3)[52)

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Glass or crystal knobs are appropriate for doors where the woodwork
is white

403

that the grouping is characteristic.
to say, are Perennials.

The dairy-maid and the calf of course belong on top of
a cow-house while the oxen might either go there or else
decorate the ridge of a shed for farming implements. No
one will question for a moment that the horses are meant
for the stable vane or that the woman and chickens are
destined for a hen-house. ‘The fish is intended for some
seaside building and the hare of course is called to pre-
side over a rabbitry. From these few specimens some
notion may be gained of the manifold possibilities for suit-
able and decorative vanes. We can, if we will, have a
whole aerial menagerie, one might say a whole cosmogony,
for every conceivable thing that swims, flies or runs seems
susceptible of some representation. Besides animate
objects there is a choice assortment of such non-committal
things as arrows, bottles, keys, feathers and bannerets. All
these and many more there are silhouetted against the sky,
at the beck of every capricious wind that blows, ready to
delight the eye and minister to the fancy as they turn now
this way, now that. A little thought spent on getting a good
and representative vane is always thought well invested.

jAPANESE FOUR-POSTERS
CORRESPONDENT writes that she wishes

to furnish a bedroom in the Japanese style
but fears a four-poster bed which she wishes
to use would be out of place in such a room.
As a matter of fact the four-poster boasts
of an ancient ancestry in Japan itself for
they were in use as early as the Heian dynasty (722-1155
A.D.). These Japanese chodai, as they were called, had
flat top-canopies, a deep va-
lence below and the draperies
hung straight down in panels
at the corners, and touching
the floor.

zdlpzq)b=dIb=a[bzdlpzalb= dbs dipsap=ab=dpsdlbsa)ps dps dDprdib=db=dlp=db=ah abs Obs G4]

A HOUSE BUILT FOR COLO-
NIAL FURNISHINGS
(Continued from page 383)

IPEAIbEa]b= [p> dlbsd)pedlbsdIbsdlb=dibsaibs alps Gpe4lbsabeab=dib=dhb=ahsdlpsabsabsab<ab 34

The plants, needless

church. A contemporary of
the table is the old lamp
which stood on the ancient
mahogany pulpit of the same
church.

Even the ivy which grace-
fully twines its tendrils over
and around the windows, has
its own history. It was
brought in a wee slip from
Mt. Vernon, and kindly tak-
ing root, is now running riot
over the room. Upstairs,
large square chambers filled
with antique furnishings,
carry out the colonial scheme
of the house. It is interest-
ing as one goes from room
to room to note the careful
thought that has been given
in its design to make a suit-
able home for the historical
pieces which are shown on
every side.

It is seldom one finds in
one collection so many inter-
esting and unusual pieces as
are shown within this home.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Ayound the Garden

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

NOVEMBER GARDEN NOTES

A] HE gardener’s kalendar varies little, year
after year, from the re-current tasks and
occupations that present themselves to the
garden-maker with the return of the month.
Now and then someone discovers something
to add to the list of things to be done, or
subtracts something from the sum of one’s gardening opera-
tions as a thing to be postponed or placed ahead, as new
experience leads the consensus of modern authorities to
approve.
F course November is the general garden house-clean-
ing month, the time for raking-up leaves, for bonfires
and for getting together the last contributions to the
compost heap, which will be useful in the Spring, for strew-
ing over the garden before the soil is worked up.
OFTEN think we take too little interest in the study of the
plants in our gardens, simply regarding our beds of beauti-

All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

November, 1912

=) Oil

ory3| |

ful blossoming plants as areas of lovely color, delightful
fragrance, the flowers themselves with transient sentiment.
It seems to me that in the long Winter evening before us,
the true garden lover will wish to learn something more
intimate than the mere names of the flowers he selects from
the nurserymen’s catalogues as units of his garden-to-be.
He should take heed of the pleasant recreation which
botany will afford him, and will find that a little subject of
the study now will bring an added pleasure to his interest
in plants in all seasons to come. And then there is much
that is entertaining, and well worth while in a study of plant-
love in its literary aspects. Read your Shakespeare care-
fully, or your Chaucer, or old Omar Khayyam with an eye
to the discovery of the flowers these old authors mentioned
in their immortal writings. What could be more delectable
than a little garden of the flowers Shakespeare mentions, or
Chaucer, or a garden of the fragrant blossoms we have bor-
rowed from the Orient of which “The Rubaiyat” makes
mention? Again, when we have begun our selections for
early ordering, why should we not take a little time to con-
sider the legends of the plants of which we are fond? Surely
it is worth while digging them out of the old-time garden
brooks, translations from the classics, encyclopedias, his-
tories and other books. How much it adds to our interest
in a flower, to know more than that it is merely
Heliotrope—purple—fragrant—delicate. Is it not a true
satisfaction to know that this sweet plant first came from
Peru, that it was brought into France, that the sentimental
garden-folk there called it, the herb of love, and Ovid’s
story of Apollo and Clytia which we have attached to it?
Surely it is worth all the trouble to which one puts himself
in delving into the legendary love of the realm of the god-
dess Flora for stories of the flowers and plants that find a
place in one’s heart and gardens.

AN ARBOR SEAT
By Zulma DeL. Steele

aN the small suburban, or back yard garden,
of the ordinary city lot, where there are no
trees or large shrubs to furnish shade and
where, very often, the sun beats down piti-
lessly, or is reflected from the walls of ad-
joining buildings, it is a problem how to con-
trive a shady nook or corner where one can read, write, sew,
or sit down to sort out seeds or arrange flowers, and one
may well consider the subject now and plan in November the
building of an arbor seat for next Spring’s planting to bring
to completion with the return of another Summer.

UR garden was a parallelogram bounded on two sides

by picket fences, and separated from our neighbor in the
rear by a high, close, board fence. Against this fence in
the center of the space, we built a little arbor six feet long,
with a box seat, and a lattice roof projecting somewhat at

November, 1912

the ends and in front. Here
we planted climbing roses,
and Clematis Paniculata,
but as we knew these would
not give us much shade the
first year, we set out in front
of the roses, at each end of
the arbor a white moon
vine. This made a rapid
growth and soon gave us a
welcome shade. The pure
white flowers opened at
sundown, swinging their
fairy-like censers_ in
the evening breeze, add-
ing their delicate fragrance
of incense to that of the
Nicotiana and Sweet Alys-
sum of the border.

HE lower left hand il-

lustration on this page
is from a photograph
taken after six o’clock when
the flowers had just opened.
This gave us our shade for
the first year. The follow-
ing year the roses and
Clematis performed the of-
fice and the second photo-
graph shows the little arbor
in September wreathed com-
pletely over with Clematis.

ERE books and maga-

zines were read, and letters written, and even the pro-
saic mending basket assumed a new interest amid such

Pee ee ee ee

‘ EZ PERSO IB, ee °
This garden seat the first season was covered by thick-growing Moonflower vines, but later, the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Plan to plant Mallow in marshy places next year

tion is highly inflammable.

Rambler Roses formed the arbor shade

carbon and cover immediately with earth.
Also it must not be inhaled.

405

surroundings. There were
long and intimate chats with
dear friends under the
shade of that arbor, with
sometimes a leisurely Sun-
day morning breakfast
served on the garden table
in the dewy freshness of the
day, or a simple supper in
the quiet hush of the early
evening.

HE arbor had its prac-
ales side also, as the box
seat held, and concealed
from view, the fork and
the spade and other garden
tools and flower pots,
and the garden table, drawn
up when necessary, gave a
center of interest when
there was anything of im-
portance to be done in the

garden.
RIDDING ASTERS OF APHIS
READER of Amerr-

CAN HomMEs AND Gar-
DENS suggests the following
remedy for ridding Aster
plants of the aphis which at-
tacks the plants at their roots.
Bore holes by each plant and
place in each hole a tea-
spoonful of bisulphide of
The solu-

= ‘ : e% EA

second Summer, Clematis (C. paniculata) and

WHAT IS TRUE HOSPITALITY
By Elizabeth Atwood

hostess do to make a guest feel welcome?
Why just make him or her feel that he or
she has come into the home, to be a part of
it as long as their sojourn lasts. Longfel-
low puts it, “Hospitality sitting with Glad-
One must love all human kind in order to be glad

”
ness.
when the unbidden guest arrives, at least this will be the
case sometimes.

This day of intense living in compressed space is doing

much to deaden the glad spirit. How seldom do we see
the spontaneous hospitality of which we read, when, as in
old times, the guest was all the more joyfully welcome for
coming uninvited, and the setting of another plate indi-
cated that he was admitted to the family circle.

Where has this old hospitality gone? We surely, in our
every day fare, present a table more like the “company”
table of the old times; yet the “dropping in” is a rare
occurrence. Is it possible that we are changing? ‘That we
are losing the sense of sharing ourselves, unless our hospi-
tality may come back to us in gratified pride? If this is so,
the pride is misplaced, and we have a wrong conception of
what we should be proud of.

I fear that the root of the evil which produces this con-
dition, and which results in real loss of comradeship
around one’s table, is the constantly growing desire for
ostentatious display. Simplicity, which was the real power
of long ago, is rapidly disappearing. Ostentatious display
for the invited guest may be followed by days of ‘simple
living’ which will amount almost to short rations; but to
share that “simple living” becomes an impossibility because
of pride.

“Hospitality sitting with Gladness.” Is this not the
keynote of true hospitality? Longfellow thought the idea
of value, and translated it from Frithiof’s Saga. To be
glad with one’s guest surely means hospitality of the heart,
which is true hospitality. If you truly have love in your
heart it will lead you to make another happy under your
own roof; and this does not call for extravagant expendi-
ture, it means just simply to share, literally to share what
you have, be it much or little.

This desire to show off, to display one’s artistic ability
in the manner of serving, to get up extraordinary combi-
nations, to buy rare products, in short, to present the ap-
pearance of affluence, although it may take days of self-
denial to make up for it, is becoming so much the way of
entertaining that the real, loving, hospitable feeling is slip-
ping away from us. I regard this as truly deplorable.

How we smiled when Mrs. Wiggs, with her hospitable
spirit, welcomed her unexpected guests, and frankly ad-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

HELPS TO THE o|
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

November, 1912

mitted that she would just put more water in the soup.
But—how it warmed our hearts; for here was the all-
mother love ready to share its pitiful belongings. Surely
love is at the bottom of hospitality in its true sense.

One never knows the same unqualified pleasure of hav-
ing friends to dine, when preparations more or less elab-
orate must be made, that one feels when the friend just
takes pot-luck. Then the sharing becomes a _ blessing.
The danger of the essence of formality poisoning the pleas-
ure is gone, and the dear old-time feeling of hospitality is
really true.

No danger of lack of conversation around such a table,
for the certain feeling of brotherly love loosens the tongues.
There may be need of much actual planning of the food in
order to have enough to go around, but even that adds fun
and variety to the meal. The real feeling of hospitality
pervades the house, and this meal becomes an expression of
friendliness which no guest could fail to appreciate.

The kind of pride to cultivate is the kind which lies in
being willing to be taken unawares. This, may be, is selfish
too, for you surely do get more out of it than the one does
who takes pride in her more formal way of entertaining.
In addition to this, the guest who is cared for because her
presence is really desired is made more happy. Not that
the formal meal is without pleasure; but that, so often it
is lacking in real warmth and love, too often it is found to
be a returning of like favors which does not take in the
tenderer feeling embodied in the old-time hospitality.

Here comes in another lesson in hospitality. Are you
hospitable to the members of your own household? I do
not think that one should ever be so careless of appearances
for their ‘“‘own folks,” that they would be ashamed before
a possible unexpected, uninvited guest. I regard a sloppy,
untidy table, as simply unpardonable. The cheapest things
may be served neatly, even prettily, and for whom should
this care be taken if not for our “own folks.”

I know that my family have always been the ones I have
planned for, and I know that no guest was ever more ap-
preciative of my efforts. It is also true, that my husband
or my children could always feel free to bring home a guest
without announcing the fact beforehand, for they knew I
would welcome them, put on another plate, and, for that
meal at least, he or she would be one of the family. In my
mind this is real hospitality, for without any effort I could
give of my best as it would have been given to my family,
sharing with the unexpected stranger what was prepared
for them. In this way company is never a burden.

For the invited guests one always wishes to do what she
can both in the matter of preparation and entertaining; but
even here there is danger of overdoing. If one has a guest
room always ready there is very little extra work necessary.
But if one’s oldest boy must sleep on the couch in the sit-
ting-room, it becomes another matter. Even then do not

November, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Two ways of serving canned asparagus.

burden the whole family with the change. ‘The right feel-
ing toward the expected guest will not allow you to em-
barrass her by making such preparations too evident.

After all, it is the spirit of hospitality we must seek for
and develop. With this spirit, all effort becomes a joy, and
wisdom seems to be given the hostess to guide her way,
making her home a refuge for tired souls, and also a place
for the young to enjoy.

The hostess should be wise as a serpent and harmless as
a dove. She must learn to gage her guest’s qualities, for
this business of entertaining is one which calls for the knowl-
edge of human nature as well as love for it. She should
be watchful of these transient members of her family, quick
to show sympathy when needed, and ready for the confi-
dence sure to be realized from these fine acts of attention.

She should follow the
example of the Orientals,
“who have trained into
gentleness every tone and
gesture, every expression
of the face, till they have
by the light of courtesy
illumined their own lives,
and show their kindly na-
ture to even the smallest
and lowest of God’s crea-
tures.” Surely this is an
ideal to work for, and
mothers have much re-
sponsibility in the exam-
ple they set to their grow-
ing children, for too few
reach out the strong hand
and greet with courteous
kindness the shy and dif-
fedent stranger, whether

A NOVEL WAY OF SERVING FRUIT
By MARY H. NORTHEND

Photographs by Mary H. Northend

and women, all did a part, and you know how true the old
adage is, ‘‘Many a smale maketh a grate.”

When the girls helped to set the table or to do the despised
dishes, all was turned into a frolic, because the boys, some
awkward and some skillful, were there to help either with
advice or actually taking hold. It is really very surprising
to me how very helpful boys can be to some other fellow’s
mether or sister. All this was far more entertaining than
sitting around and being served more formally. Flowers
were gathered and every attention given to making the
house attractive, and the table inviting by these temporary
members of the family.

Girls developed an interest in the art of cooking, and
more than one engaged girl took lessons from this hostess.
All, boys and girls, found that farm-kitchen a delightful
place to be in. If that
hostess had not possessed
a great love for boys and
girls, she would never
have had them under foot
at all hours; and be as-
sured that they were most
happy being with her, in-
stead of belonging to the
front porch or parlor.

As hostess, I have
found that the guest has
responsibilities too. ‘‘Why
do I invite Nell so much,”’
a woman once said.
“Why? Just because she
is a joy to have around.
She never looks bored,
she is always enthusiastic
over every plan you make

under their own roof or
away from home.

Then, too, she must not
think that she is the per-

Apple House—Select large, sound apples, pare, core, and cut in halves.
Cut each half to resemble a tiny house, filling the core cavity, which
portion should serve as the bottom of the house, with chopped raisins
and nuts. Ice the whole in white frosting, and when set, top the roof with
a chimney cut from citron with the bricks outlined in chocolate frost-
ing, and at the front insert a bit of citron to serve as a door.

for her, is in for every-
thing, yet does not expect
to be on the go every min-
ute.” A guest who would
be popular, must learn to

fect hostess because she
waits upon a guest by in-
ches. I have in mind a home, an hour’s ride from Boston
which was the gathering place of old and young for many
years. The home family numbered six, and there was only
one maid kept. There was never a Friday or Saturday that
there was not a jolly crowd of week-enders, and Sunday
seldom saw fewer than a dozen at the table.

They were a changing crowd, these happy week-enders,
as various in kind as human beings generally are. But they
all fell in line and helped to do the work. The girls did
the chamber work, while the boys helped gather the vege-
tables, and even the lazy ones, by force of example and the
whirl of good feeling, did their share. Boys and girls, men

be pleased with trifles and
accept graciously what is
done, and to be always in accord with everything. If you
can’t do these things, just don’t visit.

A hostess should choose carefully those who are to com-
pose a house-party, then, with a little guiding here and there,
with seeming carelessness, not following after them all the
time, her party will take care of itself and be happy. In
order to do all this the hostess must love her people and be
glad to serve them when needed.

Where this love exists you will be sure to find that tend-
erer feeling, which was embodied in the old-time hospitality.
It does not mean that large sums of money must be spent
to give your guests a good time, but it does mean that you

408

With this love, entertaining one or

The atmosphere is bound to be one
I be-

give them of yourself.
a dozen is no burden.
of freedom, and such a hostess need never eat alone.

lieve love is at the bottom of hospitality in its true sense.

IBSSIREaUbsd|bsaibzaibsdibsadips dies dibs4ib= 4)

FEalpeabealbsdlbsdibsdbsdlesdbsdbsaibedibsdbedibsdibsdbsdibsdibsdibed|psdbsdibzdibsdipsdibsdibsd)bsdieedbb=dibed)ped

ipsdibsd|bsdibsd)bdibsd

A COUNTRY HOME AT TUXEDO PARK
(Continued from page 379)
IP=alPzdb=a bs absdlbsdlpsd psajbsalbsalbs4lpsalbsaibsaibsalbsa ba bsdlbsa psd ps db<dbsdb=d)bdlbsdbsdibsdpsd[bsdpedlbsdbsdbsdbzalbedbsdibed|bxalbedlbedibxdlpeaibed|bdibsd|psaibsg

Life at Tuxedo Park is of course essentially a life lived
out of doors. A lake of considerable size offers opportunity
for many forms of fresh water sport and during the Winter
its smooth and glassy surface makes it the scene of much
of the seasons gaiety. Motoring of course has many fol-
lowers in addition to those who depend upon its fleetness
of service to speed them to and from the city with its work
and activity. The clubhouse is naturally the very center
and soul of social life within the park gates, although of
course each estate is the center of a smaller social life of
its very own. ‘The settlement is intended principally for
those more or less prominent in the world of affairs and
its success, represents, perhaps, the highest achievement of
the country colony idea. Tuxedo Park has inspired the found-
ing of many other home colonies, but no other offers more
variety of surroundings or more of the activity and interest
which constitute the chief charm of country living.

The influence of Tuxedo Park has been helpful and
powerful in stimulating the movement toward the country
which has been taking place in America during the past
twenty years. First of all, its nearness to New York made
easy, what may be called the “discovery” of the country
by entering the original settlers into the hills and dales of
its mountain fastnesses—there the beauty of its country
and the great variety of out-of-door life which it offers
made very plain the advantages it possesses and finally, the
beautiful homes built within Tuxedo Park have had a
stimulating effect upon country home architecture in every
part of the country. This growth of country living has of
course been wonderfully aided by the appearance and de-
velopment of the automobile and the excellent roads which
spread out in all directions, of course, the logical result of
the motor’s use and increasing popularity.

ESP aPEzAbzdb cass dps besa dssdbsd cd edpedxpedpeqixapsabsabsdpxapsdpcapedbedheapea<dpsapsapsabsdpcapedpedicapsdicabcapapeapeapsapeabed

BANDBOXES OF OLDEN DAYS
(Continued from page 385)

EPSPS ae aba abcaesaesabsaesabsaszaeaezaeedezape bea apes ces asas asada scabs abeaicaca aie apeasabeasasascascasca cdc dcacd
the printed matter brought to light several pieces of inter-
esting news. One announced that the celebrated East room
of the White House “has been newly fitted up by General
Jackson in a very neat manner, the paper a fine lemon
color with a rich border, etc.’ Another news item de-
scribed how two Baltimorians visiting in Liverpool “were
amusing themselves riding on the Stevenson locomotive at
the rate of twenty-eight miles an hour.”

The history of bandboxes is yet to be written, so it is
only through tradition, or the stories of old housekeepers,
that facts relating to their use and manufacture come to
light. From Jaffrey, Hannah Davis’s home, many tales
of the really clever old lady are told. That she was a good
business woman is evident from the fact that, according to
J. G. Townsend, Town Clerk, she not only made the boxes
but cut the material as well.

‘She bought spruce logs and had them hauled to her
house,” says Mr. Townsend, ‘‘then with a machine she put
the logs in on end and sawed them up the right lengths.
The machine which was worked by foot power, was fitted
with a long knife which shaved off the wood in thin strips
about one-eighth of an inch thick. These she used for the
sides. For the top and bottom, the wood was cut to the

AMERICAN HOMES -AND GARDENS

November, 1912

thickness of one half inch; the covering hiding any flaws.

‘All the boxes were oval in shape and nailed together,
the sides being put on when damp and then scraped with a
knife to smooth off any inequalities in the surface. They
were then covered with fancy, bright colored wall or room
paper, the inside and bottom usually being lined and covered
with old newspapers.

‘‘As the boxes were rather heavy and very serviceable,
they were used as trunks, suit cases and leather bags are to-
day, not for millinery purposes only. Many of them about
here are as good as they ever were. It was the custom
when traveling to cover them with bags of bright-hued
chintz, polka-dotted calico or fancy material of the sort, for
protection.

‘After making up a stock of boxes, Hannah Davis then
loaded them into a big wagon in Summer or a sleigh in
Winter and started out, traveling all over this section,
spending a week at a time, selling her wares. Her prices
ranged from twelve and a half cents for the small ones up
to fifty cents for the largest which was the size of a bushel basket.”’

It doesn’t require any great stretch of the imagination to
see the redoubtable Hannah, probably driving herself, sur-
rounded with her kaleidoscopic wares, as she traveled along,
stopping here and there to make a sale or to conceive the
suppressed excitement her coming created in the breasts of
the village belles. No quainter picture of olden times has
come down to us. It lifts the curtain of the past for a fleet-
ing glimpse of a popular vogue and it also serves to per-
petuate the memory of a pioneer woman in industry,
Hannah, the Maker of Bandboxes.

Doubtless the relic-hunter who cares to take the trouble
to search through the dusty accumulations stored in old
attics would come across many examples of these old-time
bandboxes which have served the vicissitudes of half a
century’s neglect. A search would be fully worth while if
even only one bandbox half as interesting as any bandbox
in the Drake collection should be discovered. Even though
they may appear in a dilapidated condition, a little careful
cleaning will restore them to much of their original freshness.
254) 3x2] 34) 32))

LITTLE HOUSES FOR LITTLE, PE@ORED
(Continued from page 389)
PEd/Pzdpsdibedpedpsd}esdbsd)psdpedpsdpsd psd)psd]ecdpsdpsdeqpedpsd)psd)psqiesdpeqpedipedpsd)psdjbsd)psdpzdpedipsd)psd bsd]esdbsqcd)psqipsdpsdipsd)psqbsd)esdesqpedped
tators of the children. As has been already suggested a tiny
garden about the playhouse would be a source of untold
pleasure and instruction to a child. Nothing is more fascinat-
ing to anyone than to dig in the ground preparing the soil for
a garden, then to plant the garden after one’s own design
and plan, and watch over it until at last it has reached its
glorious fruition and has produced actual vegetables which
may be eaten or flowers which may be enjoyed. All this
experience might be part of the playhouse’s lesson, for
much experimenting with the ground and growing things,
will teach lessons which the child might otherwise be years
in reaching and which might never be so thoroughly learned.
There is no more helpful way of teaching some of the
lessons of life, than by allowing the children to have a
little nook and corner of their own where their playhouse,
small or large, may be surrounded by its little plot of
ground. They will seize upon the opportunity of making
a miniature home for themselves and their dolls, and in
creating the little place and arranging and developing its
house and little garden they will absorb just the lessons
which are so difficult to learn from teachers or from books.
Life in a playhouse may be said to be in a way a very
tiny copy of life in the world and its pleasures and responsi-
bilities may be reduced copies of the joys and sorrows of
actual living. ‘Then let these lessons be learned under the
most happy and the most helpful conditions, so that the
mere learning of them may be a pleasure ever to be enjoyed.

bedibeqibe4

Fedlpsalpsalpsalpzasalbsalpsapsalbsdlpsabsalbsdlpsapsalbsdlpsapsalpsdlpsabsalpsdlpsapealbsabezapsalpsdbzalpsalpsdlpsabsalbsdbsapsa|psd)psa

November, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1

A MOTOR HOSPITAL

HE maneuvers of the sanitary depart-

ment of the military government of
Paris, which take place annually at the
Gravelle camp, were unusually interesting
this year. The exercises included the es-
tablishment of a rescue service by automo-
bile, a relay ambulance service and a tem-
porary hospital, in addition to curious ex-
periments in training dogs to search for
wounded men. The most striking character-
istic of these maneuvers was the extensive
employment of automobiles for the expe-
ditious rescue of the wounded.

The most remarkable specimen of the new
equipment is an automobile operating-room,
in which surgical operations can be per-
formed at the battle-front in conditions. as
favorable as those afforded by a hospital.
Severe abdominal wounds, which are very
common in modern warfare, cannot be op-
erated upon properly by the ordinary field
service, and in many cases the removal of
the patient is equivalent to a sentence of
death.

The new vehicle, which has a forty-horse-
power motor capable of developing an aver-
age speed of twenty miles per hour, is fur-
nished with all of the accessories and the
latest improvements of a hospital operating-
room. Its principal compartment, the op-
erating-room proper, contains an improved
operating table and a wash basin supplied
with sterilized water. In front is a smaller
compartment, containing the sterilizing ap-
paratus and the electrical apparatus, which
is operated by the motor, whether the
vehicle is in motion or at rest.

A very ingenious arrangement enables the
surgeon to locate the bullet accurately by
the application of Roentgen rays. The
operator, shielded from diffuse light by a
photographer’s hood, moves the fluorescent
screen over the patient’s body until the
shadow of the bullet falls on a small hole
at the center of the screen. By inserting a
pencil in this hole the position of the
shadow is marked on a sheet of translucent
paper, ruled in squares, which is placed
under the screen. The angle of observation
is then altered slightly and the new position
of the projection of the bullet is marked
in the same way on ruled paper. From
the distance between the two marks, the
depth of the bullet can be obtained, by re-
ferring to a table computed in advance.

The operating-room also contains a com-
plete trepanning apparatus, which is oper-
ated by a special motor. The vehicle car-
ries an apparatus for sterilizing water by
ultra-violet rays, for the use of the troops.
The water is drawn from any convenient
brook or pond by an electric pump.

A folding tent, for the shelter of patients
before and after operation is attached to
each side of the vehicle.

The employment of automobile operat-
ing-rooms of this sort would save many
lives. In the recent war in Manchuria the
mortality among the severely wounded was
ninety per cent, because of the inadequate
facilities for prompt operatory treatment.
This mortality could probably be diminished
by two-thirds by the use of automobile op-
erating-rooms in which operations could be
performed in perfectly aseptic conditions.

A JUBILEE OF THE UMBRELLA
N August 12 it was 200 years ago that
Jonas Hanway of London was born,

who is credited with being the first person
to use an umbrella. When first carried, the
frame consisted of whalebone, covered with
heavy oilskin, the whole weighing nearly
ten pounds,

feat

“Stamdland? rns

very day—in millions of homes, little —
children, as well as grown-ups, are being

taught the joy of healthful living

and

bathing in cleanly, beautiful “Standard”

bathrooms.

Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home
and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public
Institutions, etc., are identified by the
Green and Gold Label, with the exception
of one brand of baths bearing the Red and
Biack Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a_ slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re-

Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.

New York 35 West 31st Street Nashville .
Chicago 900 S. Michigan Ave.
Philadelphia. 1128 Walnut Street

Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond &t., E. Boston
Pittsburgh 106 Federal Street Louisville .
St. Louis 100 N. Fourth Street Cleveland
Cincinnati 633 Walnut Street

Dept. 23

315 Tenth Avenue, So.
NewOrleans,Baronne & St.JosephSts.
Montreal, Can. . 215 Coristine Bldg.

John Hancock Bldg.
319-23 W. Main Street
648 Huron Road, S.E.
Hamilton, Can., 20-28 Jackson St,, W.

quirements of those who demand “Standard®
quality at less expense. All “Standard”
fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
And no fixture is genuine uzless it bears
the guarantee label. In order to avoid
substitution ‘of -inferior fixtures, specify
“Standard” goods in writing (not verbally)
and make sure that you get them.

Pld TSBURGH,. PA:

London . . 57-60 Holborn Viaduct
Houston, Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts.
San Francisco, Cal. i
Merchants National Bank Building 3
Washington, D.C. .
Toledo, Ohio .
Fort Worth, Tex. .

. Southern Bldg. '
311-321 Erie Street
Front and Jones Sts.

361 Broadway

Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture
By Ralph C. Davison

HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner

the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental
and useful purposes.
crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedestals, con-
crete benches, concrete fences, etc.
tions are given for constructing and finishing the different
kinds of molds, making the wire ferms or frames, selecting
and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model-
ing the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing
the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and
reinforcing cement are also included ‘The information on
color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book.
With the information given in this book, any handy man or
novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of
cement for the adornment of the home or garden.
granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the subject and has ex-
plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail.

16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages.
Price $1.50, postpaid

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Puétishers

It tells how to make all kinds of con-

Full practical instruc-

The author has taken for

140 Illustrations.

New York

xi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1912

tt
Lane Double Hangers

Lane “D” Hanger Lane “B” Hanger

LANE BROS. CO., 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

$3,250 insurRANcCE FoR $10
LIFE and ACCIDENT Insurance under the famous
AJETNA TEN DOLLAR COMBINATION

issued by the AETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of
Hartford, Connecticut — the largest company in the world
writing Life, Accident, Health and Liability Insurance.

In extent and variety of protection this policy is without
a rival.

For $10 a Year (in ‘Preferred’ Occupations) this Policy pays:
$2,000 for death from Travel, Elevator or Burning Building Accident.
$1,000 for death from Ordinary Accident.
$2,000 for loss of limbs or sight as a result of Travel Accident.

$1,000 for loss of limbs or sight as.a result of Ordinary Accident.
The above amounts accumulate Ten Per Cent. each year for five years,
without additional cost.
$250 FOR DEATH FROM ANY CAUSE—No Medical Examination Required.

The Accumulations, Double Benefits and Life Insurance provided by this
Ten Dollar Combination make possible the payment of $3,250 ata
cost of less than THREE CENTS A DAY in ‘addition to weekly
indemnity for total or partial disability from accident.

SEND IN THE COUPON TO-DAY

“Etna Life Insurance Co. (Drawer 1341)Hartford, Conn. *% Tear off

I am under 55 years of age and in good health. Tell me about AE TNA Ten Dollar Combination.
My name, business address and occupation are written below,

AMERICAN LIBRARIES AND
IMMIGRANTS

O\ the American public library. strikes

an immigrant, or at least how it struck
one immigrant from Russia eager to enjoy
the blessings of American citizenship,” says
the Dial, “may be gathered from a passage
in the penultimate chapter of Miss Mary
Antin’s autobiography, parts of which have
been appearing in the “Atlantic” as a pre-
liminary to its recent publication in book
form under the title of The Promised Land.
Of the book-hungry little alien we read in
her own glowing words: ‘Off toward the
northwest, in the direction of Harvard
Bridge, which some day I should cross on
my way to Radcliffe College, was one of my
favorite palaces, whither I resorted every
day after school. A low, wide-spreading
building with a dignified granite front it
was, flanked on all sides by noble old
churches, museums, and schoolhouses, har-
moniously disposed around a spacious tri-
angle called Copley Square. Two thorough-
fares that came straight from the green
suburbs swept by my palace, one on either
side, converged at the apex of the triangle,
and pointed off, across the Public Garden,
across the historic Common, to the domed
State House sitting on a height. It was my
habit to go very slowly up the broad steps
to the palace entrance, pleasing my eyes
with the majestic lines of the building, and
lingering to read again the carved inscrip-
tions: Public Library—Built by the People
Free to All. . . . Here is where I liked
to remind myself of Polotzk, the better to
vting out the wonder of my life. That I
who was born in the prison of the Pale
should roam at will in the land of freedom,
was a marvel that it did me good to realize.
That I who was brought up to my teens
almost without a book should be set down in
the midst of all the books that ever were
written, was a miracle as great as any on
record. That an outcast should become a
privileged citizen, that a beggar should dwell
in a palace—this was a romance more thrill-
ing than poet ever sung. Surely I was
rocked in an enchanted cradle.’ ven the
world-weary and the blasé will catch some-
thing of the enthusiasm, of the exultant joy
of living, that breathes in every page of
‘The Promised Land:

ITALIAN FIG-GROWING

HE season for gathering the figs in
Italy,’ says a writer in the New
York Sun, joins hands in October with the
vintage; but it really begins in August,
owing to a curious system of culture. Early
in August the fig gatherers squirm through
the twisting branches from tree-top to tree-
top and “oil the fruit.” These fig people
are nomadic; they appear and disappear
like the wandering harvesters of France.
Late in July the masserie are rented to
them, a stated sum being paid to the pro-
prietor, a payment that gives to the fig
gatherers the right to all the fruit, begin-
ning with the figs and ending with the last
cluster of grapes. Rude huts thatched with
straw are built by the proprietor in all his
orchards, and in these the gypsy-like harv-
esters live with their families. Sometimes
they supplement their narrow quarters with
a ragged tent. Three sticks placed cross-
wise and a kettle in the crotch constitute
the kitchen. Shortly after their arrival the
work of forcing the fruit is begun. The
methods. employed are curious. In one a
wad of cotton is dipped in olive oil and
gently rubbed on the flower end of the fig.
Fig by fig is thus treated, and in eight days
the fruit is ready for the market. a a

November, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii

Another method consists in gathering in
the spring the half formed fruit, which is
strung on ropes. These ropes or garlands
are thrown over the branches of the tree
and are allowed to decay under the burning
sun. There is born of this decay an insect
that pierces the growing fig and induces
rapid maturity. The fig, when perfectly
ripe, exudes a drop of honey sweet juice at
the nether end, which never falls but hangs
there, a standing temptation to children and
to bees. When fresh picked at this stage
the fig has a rich flavor entirely lost in the
dried fruit.

PICKING AND STORING APPLES

ie apples are to keep well, they must be
picked carefully. A bag or a padded
basket should be used to receive the fruit
and the apples should be unjointed at the
fruit spurs. If the stem is pulled out or
the skin otherwise broken, decay will
soon set in. In the home orchard, the
fruit should be left on the trees until well
colored. When the apples are just beginning
to soften, they are ready to be picked.

Care must be exercised in barreling the
apples, even for home use, if they are to
keep well. All imperfect or bruised speci-
mens should be rejected and the others
placed in the barrel carefully. Then the fruit
must be kept in a cool place. Generally
the cellar is too warm at first; it is better
to choose a sheltered place out of doors
and to keep the apples there, protected
from rain, until freezing weather ap-
proaches. Extra fine specimens for Win-
ter eating may be secured by storing
them in barrels of sawdust.

ESKIMO DOGS FOR THE MARKET

T Grove Park, one of the suburbs of |

London, a very interesting dog farm
is conducted by an Englishwoman. Her
specialty is Eskimo dogs, which she breeds
and trains for the market. The market is
not very large, but it is sufficient to make
it worth her while to raise and train the
best possible Eskimo dogs. It is not the
food market, nor the ordinary dog market.
It is the market for Eskimo dogs which are
trained for Arctic exploration. If you de-
cide to make a journey to one of the poles,
you know that Eskimo dogs are absolutely
essential. You can get good Eskimo dogs
in Greenland, or in Alaska. But the good
dogs in Greenland may not be exported ex-
cept by special permission of the Danish
government; and the good dogs in Alaska
are not so good. One trouble with ordinary
Eskimo dogs is that they have no breeding
and no discipline. They will obey the mas-
ter with whom they have been brought up,
but when they start after fish or other game,
even their master can control them only by
the exercise of brute force. For the pur-
poses of your exploration you need dogs
that will obey orders given by a white man,
dogs that are broken to the harness and are
not afraid of work, dogs that have learned
team work.

It is this kind of dog that is bred in the
Grove Park kennels for the market. These
kennels have only pure-blooded animals of
carefully selected stock, and from earliest
puppyhood she trains them in how to eat
and how to work. When the owner gets
through with an Eskimo dog the animal is
not nearly so ferocious as one that just
“growed up” in the curroundings of an Es-
kimo village. They adapt themselves quickly
to new masters, and they have acquired good
eating manners, so that they are not so likely
to attack the cupboard of fresh game.

A Winter That You Will Thoroughly Enjoy

A new invention that eliminates all back-breaking, discourag-
ing drudgery of hot-bed and cold-frame gardening.

No covering or uncovering of beds. j ee

Two layers of glass instead of one with a 54-inch layer of
dry, still air between take the place of mats and boards. You
never have to cover Sunlight Sash.

Flowers and vegetables when they are luxuries on the market.

You can have violets, pansies, lettuce all winter; cauliflower, tomatoes,
radishes, etc., ready to set out as soon as the weather
will permit.

Get these two books. One is our free catalog;
the other is by Professor Massey. It tells how to make
and care for the hot-bkeds, what and when to plant.
4 cents in stamps will bring Professor Massey's book
in addition to the catalog.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Company
943 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

Plant for Immediate Effect:

Not for Future Generations
Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes many years to
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Fall Price List gives complete information.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

Prepared Wax.

| templating building —if you are interested in beautiful interiors

least expense. This book is full of valuable information for every-

bringing out its
smudge or rub off. It is made in sixteen beautiful shades, as follows:

No. 126 Light Oak No. 110 Bog Oak No. 130 Weathered Oak No. 122 Forest Green
No. 123 Dark Oak No. 128 Light Mahagony No. 131 Brown Weathered No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 125 Mission Oak No. 127 Ex. Dk. Mahog. No. 132 Green Weathered No. 178 Brozen Flemish
No. 140 Early English No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 121 Moss Green No. 120 Fumed Oak

A Book of Valuable Ideas
for Beautifying the Home

FREE!

OUR dealer will furnish you FREE the 1913 edition A.H. 11 of
our book ** The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and
Furniture’? and two samples of Johnson’s Wood Dye and

Fes PROPER TREATMENT ie
V FLOORS yOODHOR = Wee se

You will find this book particularly useful if you are con-

if you want to secure the most artistic and serviceable finish at

e who is interested in their home.

ase

Johnson’s Wood Dye

Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye in every sense of the word—it penetrates—deeply—into the wood,

‘natural beauty without raising the grain. It dries in 30 minutes and does not

Ask your painter or paint dealer to show you panels of wood

finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax.

Johnson’s Prepared Wax

is a complete finish and polish for all wood—floors, woodwork and _fur-
niture—including pianos. Just the thing for mission furniture. Very
easy to use. Can be successfully applied over all finishes, imparting
a velvety, protecting finish of great beauty. :
Johnson’s Artistic Wood Finishes are for
sale by leading paint, drug and
hardware dealers everywhere.
Ask for the FREE book and
samples. If your dealer does
not have them, mail this
coupon and we will see
that you are supplied.

S. C. JOHNSON

Please
Use This
FREE Coupon

Tf your dealer can-
not supply you
with booklet Edition

& SON A.H. 11 and samples

Racine, Wis. of Johnson’s Wood Dye

and Prepared Wax, Ail

The Wocd out this coupon and mail t&

Finishing S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine

Authorities Wis. Mention shades of Dye
desired,

NAM Galeteieielateteieisere civisletsieicieisicteateele

Coloring
~ Wood With Johnson’s

Polishing Furniture with Wood Dye

JOHNSON’S PREPARED WAX

xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1912

How would you like to have a copy of the book which contains the original of this handsome
illustration, greatly enlarged, besides many other views, both interior and exterior, of classy,
modern homes? This plate isa reproduction of a pagein “The Door Beautiful,’ an artistic book of

GUARANTEED
MORGAN 7reess, DOORS
HARDWOOD
full of straight, common-sense information about home building, and clear, convincing illustrations

to explain the text. Weare giving a copy of this book free to every prospective builder who asks
for it. May wesend youone? Your name ona postal, with request, will bring it. Write today.

MORGAN SASH & DOOR COMPANY, Dept. B2, CHICAGO, U. S. A.
MORGAN COMPANY MORGAN MILLWORK CoO.
Oshkosh, Wis. Baltimore, Md.

ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors
may be found in Sweet’s Index, pages 910 and 911.

Morgan Doors are sold by dealers who do not
substitute. Loo
“ this brand on the top
rail before you buy.

GARAGES

COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN

A comprehensive work on country and suburban private garages, written
by architects and others whose success in the designing and equipping of private
garages is pronounced and whose authority is unquestioned.

It contains one hundred perspective views, floor plans and working drawings of
garages of recent construction, with a description of the latest and best methods

of construction, and materials, for exteriors and interiors. The best interior ar-
rangements for utilizing space, arrangement of windows to secure proper natural
lighting, materials of floors and arrangement of pits are discussed. Other sub-
jects treated are workroom and wardrobe; plumbing, heating and lighting of
garages; contrivances for cleaning of machines; turntables; the safe handling and
storage of gasoline and lubricating oil.

This book is bound in cloth. The size is 9x12 inches.
Price, $4.00, postpaid

For sale by

MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

BUILD A DISTINCTIVE HOME

Regardless of the cost your home may be built from a distinctive design
characteristic of you —of a necessity it will be beautiful. ““ Distinctive
Homes and Gardens’’ give all possible assistance by showing countless
examples of what is good, covering every phase of building. No. 1—35 de-
signs, $1000 to $6000, $1.00; No.2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00;
1 No.3—Combining No. 1 and 2, $1.50. Stock plans priced in each book.

| THE KAUFFMAN COMPANY 624 Rose Building, Cleveland, Ohio

Electric Stationary for all kinds of

VA UUM LEANERS buildings. Electric Portable, weight
55 pounds. Country Homes special

or use with Gasoline Engine.

Br oom ell’ Ss 66 VICTOR 99 VICTOR CLEANER (COMEANY.

YORK PENNSYLVANIA

MODERN TURKISH LITERATURE

N interesting guide to the tendency of
pho Turkish ideas and thought
may be had from a perusal of the lists of
new publications in the Turkish language.
says U. S. Consul Edward I. Nathan of
Mersina. One will at once observe the large
number of translations and adaptations of
European scientific and literary works and
books of a popular nature. There are
treatises on medicine, surgery, law, chem-
istry, physics, military science and even
aeronautics. There is also a large num-
ber of independent publications by Turk-
ish authors on these and other modern
topics. Textbooks for use in Turkish
schools are prepared to meet the needs of
a modernized curriculum. Instead of
merely reading the fables and_ historical
stories, excellent though they be, the mod-
ern Turkish schoolboy uses graded read-
ing books prepared in accordance with the
latest pedagogic ideas.

Standard works of European literature
are being translated into Turkish, and mod-
ern popular novels, principally French,
have a large sale. Of purely American
literature little has yet been translated, but
the American detective stories are finding
great favor among Turkish youth.

There is also a growing modern Turk-
ish literature which aims to foster Turkish
patriotism and love for the Osmanli lan-
guage. Several illustrated magazines are
published regularly. The “Servet-i-funnun”
(Riches of Knowledge) and the “Turk-
Yurdo” (Turkish Heart) are the principal
periodicals. Both are well illustrated with
photographs and contain articles on cur-
rent events as well as on literary topics.
Excellent new editions, well illustrated, of
some of the- Turkish classics are also pub-
lished to retain the interest in these works.

N war times down South, says the New

York Times, it was the habit of the
women to say that coffee made from okra,
wheat, rye, or sweet potatoes was really
better and more like coffee than real cof-
fee. That was a wholly patriotic thing for
them to say, in the circumstances, and
helped to relieve the situation.

A case was recently decided by one of
the French courts which shows how Nature
may be employed in aid of an imitation
that can, nevertheless, be detected. A
grocer arrested for selling honey without
the distinguishing label required by statute
was tried and convicted and fined 25 francs.
The honey he sold was made by the bees,
not from the natural nectar gathered from
the flowers but from sugar upon which they
had been fed by the keeper.

It was contended that this honey, al-
though made by the bees, working as hard
as they could all day long, was artificial,
or, as identified by the court, was “miel de
fantasie,’ or, as The Westminster Gazette
translates it, “synthetic honey,” or, as the
Americans would say, “near honey.”
Chemically, it was not the levulose of flow-
ers that bloom in the Spring, but just cane
sugar beeswaxed !

“MILK FOR SALE”

TORONTO family had milk to sell

and the little girl of the family was
told she could have the milk money if she
would write the advertisement, relates the
Toronto Republican. This is what she
wrote: Milk for sale, by a little girl with
brown eyes and a pink dress,

November, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS KV

PROTECTION FOR THE SPONGE

ES view of the attention which has been
given to the protection of seals in the
northern waters, it may be of interest to
note action that Congress is taking to pro-
tect a product of the tropic seas—the
ordinary sponge of commerce.

It might be a matter of as much economic
cstress—if not more—to have the sponge
of universal use exterminated as would be
the case if the seals were eliminated. Any-
way, Congress has taken alarm and the
Senate committee on fisheries has reported
out a bill already passed by the house, to
prevent illegal fishing in Florida and gulf
waters, and at the same time extend the
open season for the catching of sponges.
Probably not more than one person in a
thousand has known that there was such a
thing as an open and closed season for
sponges, but such is the fact.

Although permitting a larger catch of
sponges than has been possible in the past
protection is to be afforded for young
sponges than has been possible in the past,
until they are at least five inches in diameter.

THE SHRINKAGE OF EIFFEL
TOWER

GUILLAUME, according to a cor-
* respondent of the New York Times,
describes at length in The Matin his ap-
paratus for measuring the vertical length-
ening or shrinkage of the Eiffel Tower.
To a stake driven into the ground at the
foot of the tower is fixed a wire consisting
of a certain alloy of iron and nickel, which
is incapable of expansion or shrinkage.
The other end of the wire is carried up and
attached to the end of the lever projecting
from the second platform. The free end
of the lever is in contact with a Richard
register, and in this way every vertical
movement of the tower is automatically and
instantaneously registered. At the end of
each day the diagram is removed and

preserved.
“These diagrams reveal the sensitiveness
of the tower, says M. Guillaume. “A

passing cloud, a blast of wind, a sudden
burst of sunshine, leave their mark in a
more or less rapid ascent or descent of the
mighty structure, and when a heavy shower
falls the 116 meters of iron shrink abruptly
into themselves.”

This “abrupt shrinking” is an instance of
picturesque imagination on the part of M.
Guillaume, for the greatest variation in the
height of the tower amounts to only a little
over an inch. The writer goes on:

“Normally the tower begins to rise and
stretch itself at sunrise, and continues its
upward movement till the middle of the
afternoon. The susceptibility of these
7,000 tons of iron to changes of tempera-
ture is due, of course, to the ease with
which the wind blows through its trellis-
work or rods.”

“Measurements taken by the geograph-
ical section of the army show that even in
a gale of wind blowing ninety miles an
hour, the oscillations of the summit scarcely
amount to four inches. In addition to this,
there is a certain quantity of twisting or
torsion due to the unequal heating by the
sun of different sides of the structure. In
some cases eight inches of torsion have
been measured.”

HE lemon and orange crop of Tripoli

in Syria is estimated by the British
consul at 500,000 to 525,000 cases, as com-
pared with 370,000 cases in 1911. Ship-
ments all go to Odessa and Constanti-
nople.

LONG: LIFE WHITE ENAMEL

HEN you build or decorate, tell your painter and archi-
tect that you want Vitralite, The Long-Life White Enamel
used in your house. It will give a smooth, porcelain-
like gloss without laps or brush marks. It is water-proof —
on wood, metal or plaster — old or new work — inside or outside.

Vitralite is pure white and stays white ““61’? Floor Varnish is heel-proof,
— will not crack. It costs no more mar-proof and water-proof. Send for
than inferior enamels, as it is so easy Free Booklet on Floor Finishing

d Sample Panel
to apply, and covers so much surface. : on a 2 :
Write ae aie es finished with ‘*61’’ and test it. You

Free Booklets on Vitralite and may dent the wood but the varnish

Decorative Interior Finishing won’tcrack. Pratt & Lambert Varnish
also sample panel finished with Vitralite. | Products are used by painters, specified
They will interest you and demonstrate by architects and sold by paint and
the superior qualities of Vitralite. hardware dealers everywhere.

Address all i induces to Pratt & Lambert-Inc.,119Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
In Canada, 63 Courtwright Street, Bridgeburg, Ontario.

las
aa q LAMBERT VARNISHES

AMERICAN Fact:

fcaYon Burns Cncxed ESTABLISHED 66 YEARS ‘VEsiv5x *Bas* wwe

Briaceayrc CAN

A
28
©

NOW READY = =
The Scientific American

Handbook of Travel

With Hints for the Ocean Voyage for European
Tours :-: A Practical Guide to London and Paris

By ALBERT A. HOPKINS

Editor of Scientific American Reference Book. 500 Pages. 500 IIlus-
trations. Flexible cover, $2.00, net. Full leather, $2.50, net, postpaid.

At last the ideal guide, the result of twenty years of study and

travel, is completed. It is endorsed by every steamship and rail-
road company in Europe. To those who are not planning a trip it is
equally informing. Send for illustrated circular containing 100 questions
out of 2,500 this book will answer. Itis mailed free and will give some kind of idea of the contents of
this unique book, which should be in the hands of all readers of the, 4merican Homes and Gardens,
as it tells you exactly what you have wanted to know about a trip abroad and the ocean voyage.

WHAT THE BOOK CONTAINS—500 Illustrations, 6 Color Plates, 9 Maps in Pocket,
Names 2,000 Hotels, with price; All About Ships, “A Safer Sea,” Automobiling in Europe,
The Chr, and its aviation! Statistical Information, Ocean Records, 400 Tours With
Prices, The Passion Plays, Practical Guide to London, Practical Guide to Paris.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

xvi

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

=S7
No drafts to harm baby

No rattling windows—No sticking sash
In the house that is equipped with the

HIGGIN
All-Metal Weather Strip

A bronze channel sliding on a zine tongue. By
scientific test proven to be two-and-a-quarter times
as efficient as next best.

Time-proof Storm-proof Dust-proof

A Higgin agent will estimate on weather-stripping

your home. No obligation. Write today for booklet
THE HIGGIN MANUFACTURING CO.

309-329 East Fifth St. Newport, Ky.

Manufacturers of famous Higgin All-Metal Screens--Steet or

copperframes. Solid bronze wire netting. Metal channels.
Fitted anywhere, Catalog free.

but the threatening cloud that
overshadows the family upon

the accidental death or disability of
the bread winner who has had the
foresight to secure an accident policy
in The TRAVELERS has a silver lining.

Among the 570,000 people who
have received benefits under our acci-
dent policies, many have written us,
“In the hour of our trouble what would
we have done without the help of the

_insurance money from The Travelers.”

Their cloud had a silver lining.

No man with a family can afford to
leave them unprotected in case of his
death by accident.

No man who depends upon his earn-
ings can afford to be without insurance
himself in case of accidental disability.

Do you carry accident insurance ? Do
you carry enough? :

Let us tell you about the kind sold
by The TRAVELERS, the greatest

accident company in the world.

Tear off
The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn. A.H.G. wi.

Please send particulars,
are written below

My name, address and date of birth

ar
ACE

Negpel if
WY

Down to Date PouLtRry KNOWLEDGE. by
F. W. DeLancey, assisted by T. D. Sut-

ton. Sellersville, Pa. Poultry Fancier
Publishing Company. 1912. Paper.
Octavo. 64 pp. Price, 50 cents.

The title of the book has been rightly
chosen and emphasizes the fact that with-
out knowledge of the poultry business the
chances of making a success are small.
The teachings are both applicable to fancy
and utility poultry breeders. The writer’s
knowledge seems to be complete, and he
has written the book in a manner which
makes it easily understood by the layman.
The book will enable those about to start
in the poultry business to start rightly, and
those already in the business to steer clear
of breakers and ultimately build up a suc-
cessful business.

Smoke, A Study of Town Air. By Julius
B. ‘Cohen, =Ph.D.: B.Sche HRS. and
Arthur G. Ruston, B.A., B.Sc. New
York: Longmans, Green =& Go." 192
8vo.; 88pp. Price, $1.40 net.

“Smoke” constitutes a real study of a
real problem, and not a mere loose discus-
sion of a wide-spread nuisance and menace.
The work issues from Leeds, England, and
the frontispiece is a most impressive view
of the industrial section of that city, show-
ing its many belching stacks and fuming
chimney-pots. Smoke is deleterious in three
ways—it injures vegetation, it disintegrates
stonework, and it is detrimental to health.
These heads ignore its condemnation on
purely esthetic grounds. The work is es-
sentially a collection of facts and figures,
drawn from observations extending over
a period of twenty years.

MoLpING CONCRETE FLOWER Pots, Boxes,
JARDINIERES, Etc. By A. A. Houghton.
New York: The Norman W. Henley

Publishing Company. 1912; Paper;
16mo.; Illustrated; 52 pp.;" Price, 50
cents.

MoLDING CONCRETE FOUNTAINS AND
LAWN ORNAMENTS. By A. A. Hough-
ton. New York: The Norman W.

Henley Publishing Company. 1912;
Paper; 16mo.; Illustrated; 56 pp.; Price,
50 cents.

The molds for producing many original
designs of flower pots, urns, flower boxes,
jardiniéres, etc., are fully illustrated and ex-
plained, so the worker can easily construct
and operate the same. A new method of
making plaster molds with the formule for
the compound, which has all the smoothness
of a glue mold and is very durable, and
which enables many casts to be made from
the one mold, is fully described.

The easily built molds for constructing a
number of designs of concrete fountains
that are fully illustrated and described in
this treatise, enables the concrete worker
to produce many beautiful effects in the
most simple and easy manner.

The molding of a number of designs of
lawn seats, curbing, hitching posts, per-
golas, sun dials and other forms of orna-
mental concrete for the ornamentation of
lawns and gardens, is fully illustrated and
described. The successful molds for this
work are easily made by every one at a
very slight cost of time and labor.

National
Photo-Engraving
Company

ESTABLISHED 1888

Designers and
Engravers for
all Artiste
Scientific and

Illustrative
Purposes

Engravers of ‘‘American

Homes and_ Gardens.’?

14-16-18 Reade St., New Bork

TELEPHONE, 1822 WORTH

Made to order—to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

“You select the color—we'll make
the rug.’ Any width—seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone—soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel’s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread & Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

rireproorr GARAGES
STEEL For Automobiles and Motorcycles

a $30 to $200

Ee =

IN 5 Y | | Easy to put up. Portable.
N All sizes. Postal brings

a re Lev4 latest illustrated catalog.

THE EDWARDS MFG. CO., 205-255 Eggleston Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp., 340 Illus. $2 postpaid
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE

Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording
entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Com-
plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti-

cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc.

Landscape Gardening

Prof. Craig 250-page Catalogue Free Write to-day

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
watee ees Water Filters are placed at the
inlet an

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY
309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

In New York City
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street 2

November, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVii

HEREDITY AND Eucenics. A Course of
Lectures Summarizing Recent Advances
in Knowledge in Variation, Heredity and
Evolution and its Relation to Plant,
Animal and Human Improvement and
Welfare. By William Ernest Castle,
John Merle Coulter, Charles Benedict
Davenport, Edward Murray East, and
William Lawrence Tower, Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1912. 8vo.;
515 pp.

The lectures of which this book is com-
posed were given at the University of Chi-
cago in 1911, under the auspices of the Bio-
logical Department. The purpose was to
present the recent developments of knowl-
edge in reference to variation, heredity and
evolution, and the application of this new
knowledge in plant, animal and human de-
velopment and improvement. Anyone at all
familiar with the subject must recognize
that the men who delivered these lectures
stand foremost among American students
of evolution and heredity. Couched, on the
whole, in an easily understood style, the
lectures in book form will appeal to a wide
audience interested in the progress of gene-
tics as a matter of information as well as
of study.

LEGENDs OF INDIAN BuppuismM. By Wini-
fred Stephens. New York: E. P. Dut-
ton & Co, 1911. Cloth; i6mo.: 128
pages. Price, 60 cents net.

In the number of its adherents and in
the area of its prevalence, Buddhism sur-
passes any other creed; and its existence
through twenty-four centuries entitles it to
historical consideration at least by reason
of its being one of the most venerable forms
of belief extant. For this reason the vol-
ume on “Legends of Indian Buddhism’
should find the many appreciative readers it
deserves.

RECONSTRUCTION AND Union. 1865-1912.
By Paul Leland Haworth, Ph.D. New
York: Henry Holt & Co., 1912. 16mo.;
255 pp. Price, 50 cents net.

Prof. Haworth has a trick of writing his-
tory with journalistic crispness and vigor,
and the most exacting reader could hardly
call his story of reconstruction dull. He
really transmits a very sharp impression of
actual conditions at the close of the war,
of the efforts made to deal with the prob-
lems left in the wake of that war, and of
subsequent puzzles and responsibilities aris-
ing from the war with Spain and the ac-
quisition of the Philippines. He has also
something to say of the “golden age of
materialism,’ and he outlines the revolt
against plutocracy which brings us to the
present year of the Republic.

THE WiptH AND ARRANGEMENT OF
STREETS. A Study in Town Planning.
By Charles Mulford Robinson. New
York: The Engineering News Pub-
lishing Company, 1911. 8vo.; 199 pp.;
illustrated. Price, $2 net.

The author has been a close student of
town planning, and has had exceptional fa-
cilities for observation and the interchange
of ideas, both here and in Europe. He is
not an illogical extremist, either from the
artistic or the utilitarian point of view; he
does not, for example, unqualifiedly endorse
the standardization of thoroughfares. Pri-
vate interest has been given its share of
consideration together with public welfare.
The problem of transportation is treated
with the respect due to its gravity. In short,
the writer seems to have overlooked few of
the factors necessary to the wise planning
and artistic treatment of the city lay-out.

Look for the Name Yale on Locks and Hardware

HE YALE IDEA is the highest possible
security in locks and fastenings, associ-
ated with hardware of character, appropriate

to its surroundings.
Yale Door Checks

Yale Night-latches

Yale Padlocks

Yale Door Checks shut the door The Yale Cylinder Night-latch No.44 Every type of Yale Padlock
silently, but witha firm pushwhich isacombination night-latchand dead- is made to fill some particu-
never fails. They are made in lock, offering inthe most convenient lar padlock need and is the
four styles and all necessary sizes. form the highest security known. best forits price and purpose.

We havea beautiful and really interesting little book, ““A Word About Yale Locks and Hardware”
It will be of genuine value to you if you contemplate building. Let us send it anyway

The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

Makers of YALE Products

Local Offices
Cuicaco: 74 East Randolph Street
Sawn Francisco: 134 Rialto Building

General Offices: 9 Murray Street, New York
Exhibit Rooms: 251 Fifth Avenue, New York

Canadian Yale &’ Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

Modern Plumbing
Illustrated

By R.M. STARBUCK
400 (10!14x7'%4 ) PaGes

55 FuLt PAGES OF
ENGRAVINGS

PRICE, $4.00

@ Many of the subjects treated in the text and
illustrated follow in the next column.

MUNN & CO,., Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED

Connections, sizes and all working data for Plumb-
ing Fixtures and Groups of | ixtures

Traps — Venting

Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe

House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet.

Floor and Yard Drains, ete.

Rain Leaders

Sub-soil Drainage

Floor Connections

Roof Connections

Local Venting

Bath Room Connections [ete.

Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses,

Use of Flushing Valves

Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms

Durham System

Plumbing Construction without use of Lead

Automatic Sewage Lift—Sump ‘Tank

Disposal of Sewage of Underground loors of
High Buildings

Country Plumbing

Cesspools

The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes

Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons

Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc.

Examples of Poor P:actice

Roughing—Testing

Continuous Venting for all classes of Work

Circuit and Loop Venting

Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings

Cellar Work

House Drain—House Sewer—Sewer Connections

Plumbing for Cottage House

Plumbing for Residence

Plumbing for Two-Flat Hcuse

Plumbing for Apartment Houses

Plumbing for Office Building

Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms

Plumbing for Bath Establishment

Plumbing for Engine Houses

Plumbing for Stables

Plumbing for Factories

Plumbing for School Houses, ete. [by Electricity

Thawing of Underground Mains and Service Pipes

xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ADE. in a wide

range of weaves,
textures and designs to
suit all styles of dec-
oration.

Guaranteed absolutely
color-fast to sun and
water even in the most
delicate shades.

Every bolt tagged with
the guarantee ticket
shown below. Insist on
seeing this tag.

At leading stores every-
where. Ask your dealer

for our book, “Draping
the Home.”

The Orinoka Mills

Philadelphia
New York Chicago
San Francisco

GUARANTEE
These goods are guaranteed
absolutely fadeless. If color

changes from exposure to
: the sunlight
or from
washing,
the mer-
/ chant is hereby
authorized to re-

place them with new
goods or refund the

purchase price.

American Homes and Gardens
and Scientific American sent to

one address for one year. $ 6

Reije, (Gi (Os JE 7 18t Ib Ne
eee
Christmas Dinners

300,000 (707 Wii

POOR
PEOPLE

Will be
supplied by
The
Salvation Army

Throughout the
United States
Will you help by
sending a
donation, no
matter how small
TO COMMANDER

MISS BOOTH ~~ |

118 W. 14th St., New York City
Western States, Comm, Estill, 669 S. State St., Chicago

THE Mansions or ENGLAND IN THE
OLDEN Time. By Joseph Nash. New
York: The Bruno Hessling Company,
1911. Quarto; 104 plates. Price, $10.

The familiar title page of Nash’s great
book brings to mind the ponderous folio
which has been an inspiration to many wri-
ters of fiction with a historical background.
The original book was very expensive, and
copies to-day bring a very high price. The
reproductions, especially those in color, are
very adequate and furnish a good substitute
for the original book. There is an excellent
reproduction of Levens, showing the curi-
ous examples of topiary art. The interior
views of the same palatial residence are
very fine. The book is a highly attractive
one, and should be in the possession of
every architect as well as those who are
fond of England in the days of old.

THE SPELL oF Hotianp. The Story of a
Pilgrimage to the Land of Dykes and
Windmills. By Burton FE. Stevenson.
Boston: LE. (C. Page’ & Co, 19 Vimeasvos:
395 pages. Illustrated. Price, $2.50.

At the gateway of “Hollowland” the cus-
toms officer, scorning to be bound by the
conventional “Tobacco or spirits?” asks if
you have any candy or cakes to declare.
This is an indication of the deliciously
quaint habits and modes of thought that
obtain in this quaint and delicious country.
Mr. Stevenson’s narrative is alive with
humor. Every page has a twinkle in it,
and some have two or three. On finishing
the book one hardly realizes the amount of
worthwhile knowledge one has acquired, for
it has been gained with such smiling ease.
The frontispiece shows a typical bit of
Netherlands scenery with its vari-colored
walls and sleepy waters. A folding map
traces the author’s route, and fifty full-page
plates are the product of his busy camera,
to which, in spite of its finder pointing
too low, the reader owes a debt of gratitude.

THE ROMANCE OF AERONAUTICS. By
Charles C. Vurner)- Philadelphias J.B.
Lippincott & Company. 1912. Cloth.
8vo. Illustrated. 314 pp. Price, $1.50
net.

Like other sciences that of aerial naviga-
tion has its many interesting anecdotes
which have given the author of this inter-
esting and well written volume an oppor-
tunity of meeting the requirements of his
title. The twenty-nine chapters are, every
one of them, worth while and the book
should be in the hands of everyone inter-
ested in man’s attempt to achieve aerial
flight.

THe Encriish Lancuace. By Logan
Pearsall Smith, M.A. New York:
Henry Holt & €o:, 1912. lomo:5 (256

pp: Price, 50° cents net.

To most people, even to educated people,
their own language is something that is
taken for granted, like the possession of
a heart, lungs, and other bodily organs.
This is not a desirable condition of affairs,
and those who take the trouble to read
“The English Language” may no longer
be criticized under this head. It tells us
of the origins and elements of the language
we speak, details the processes of word-
making, and considers the history of the
mother-tongue under three periods—the
early, the middle ages and the modern.
There is an interesting application of the
knowledge of the age of words to detecting
forgeries of old manuscripts. Condensed
as the work is, it makes the reader convers-
ant with the general and historic facts of
philology and, for those who would go fur-
ther in the fascinating study, a bibliography
of more advanced works is appended.

November, 1912

The Stephenson System of
Underground Refuse Disposal

Keep your garbage and waste out of
sight underground or below floor in
Mire

Bie se DHE SON Underground

Yrace wenn

GARBAGE AND REFUSE

RECEIVERS a

Flyproof, Sanitary. A fireproof dis- ®
posal of refuse in cellar, factory or} ™
garage. Underground Earth Closets
for Camps. Sold direct. Send for circ.

In use nine years. Tt pays to look us up.

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

HESS sas’ LOCKER
0 ==— The Only Modern, Sanitary
STEEL Medicine Cabinet

or locker finished in snow-white, baked
everlasting enamel, inside and out.
Beautiful beveled mirror door. Nickel
plate brass trimmings. Steel or glass
shelves.

Costs Less Than Wood

Never warps, shrinks, nor swells. Dust
and vermin proof, easily cleaned.

Should Be In Every Bathroom

Four styles—four sizes. To recess in
wall or to hang outside. Send for illus-
trated circular.

The Reson Steel HESS, 926 Tacoma Building, Chicago
Medicine Cabinet Makers of Steel Furnaces.—Free Booklet

FALL PLANTIN

of bulbs, shrubs, trees, etc., and fall lawn making will give
you 50% better returns in the spring—if you make liberal use of

Trave BRAND mark

SHEEP MANURE
Dried and Pulverized

No Weeds—No Waste
Economical and Convenient

] One Barrel Equals Two | M4
Wagon Loads Barnyard Manure DY a
AAR.

aes CaSh with order. Ask for special quantity prices
and interesting booklet.

THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 2] Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Wizard Brand is sold by first-class seedsmen

Do you want good
information cheap?

Each Scientific American Supplement costs only ten cents.
But the information it contains may save you hundreds of dollars.
@ Send for a 1910 catalogue of Supplement articles. It costs
nothing. Acct on this suggestion.

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Publishers
361 Broadway New York City

Trial Four Months, over 400 pages. Ten Cents

World’s Greatest Collector Magazine
FOUNDED IN 1895

Ghe Philatelic West and

Collector’s World
Superior. Nebraska, U.S.A.

The oldest, largest monthly American Collectors’ Paper. 100

pages each issue, replete with interesting reading and advertising,
illustrated, pertaining to Stamps, Curios, Coins, Postal Cards
and Entire Covers, Old Weapons and Pistols, Historical
Discoveries, Minerals, Relics of all kinds, Old Books, etc. Over

3,600 pages issued in two years, An unimitated expersive
meritorious feature is the publication in each number of illustra-
tions of leading collectors and dealers of the world.
50 cents for 12 numbers; Foreign and Canada,
. $lor4s. Sample Free
L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher
Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A.

November, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix

Wuo’s WuHo IN Science. 1912. Edited
by H. H. Stephenson. New York: The
MacMillan Company. 1912. Cloth, 8vo.
323 pages. Price, $2.50 net.

The Sciences represented in this book take
no account of those branches of knowledge
which lie on the borderland between Science
and Humanities, between the Objective and
the Subjective. Thus the student will find
omitted in its consideration Economics,
Sociology, Psychology, Education and Ex-
ploration, which the editor considers is more
a matter of boundaries than of biology.
While a rigid subdivision of knowledge is
impossible, and, indeed unserviceable, Mr.
Stephenson has carried out in arrangement
an excellent and valuable volume that should
be among the reference books of every pri-
vate and public library.

LaMps AND SHADES IN METAL AND ART
Grass. By John D. Adams. Chicago:
Popular Mechanics Company, 1911.
12mo.; 114 pp. Illustrated. Price, 50
cents.

A very fascinating field of activity is
opened up through the pages of this little
handbook, and those who are interested in
such work, either for the beautifying of
their own homes, for presents to others, or
as objects of sale, will find explicit direc-
tions for some artistic pieces. Built-up, sol-
dered, etched and sawed shades are all
treated of, and eighteen complete designs
are offered.

EartH FEATURES AND THEIR MEANING.
An introduction to Geology for the Stu-
dent and the General Reader. By Wil-
liam Herbert Hobbs. New York: The
Macmillan Company, 1912. 8vo.; 506
pp. Price, $3 net.

There has been room for considerable
time for a thoroughly modern book on geol-
ogy, which should contain the modern con-
cepts of the science conveyed in easily un-
derstood terms and well illustrated. The
author seems to have produced an ideal
book in many ways. It is finely illustrated
by 493 maps, plans and illustrations, the
most interesting of which are those which
show the development of topographical
maps and graphic representation of physical
phenomena by simple means. The study
of geology is an excellent discipline for the
mind and is of service eyen to those who
never put the knowledge to practical use.
Far more than in former years the Ameri-
can travels afar by car or steamship and the
earth’s surface features in all their mani-
fold diversity are thus one after the other
unrolled before him. The thousands who
each year cross the Atlantic to roam
through European countries, prepare them-
selves by historical, literary and artistic
studies to derive exquisite pleasure from
their visit. Yet the Channel coast, the gorge
of the Rhine, the glaciers of Switzerland,
and the wild scenery of Norway or Scot-
land, have each their fascinating story to
tell of a history far more remote and
varied. To read this history, the runic char-
acter in which it is written must first of
all be mastered; for in every landscape
there are strong individual lines of char-
acter, such as the pen artist would skillfully
extract from an outline sketch.

The object of the present volume is to
enable the student to himself pick out in
each landscape these more significant lines,
and thus read directly from nature. Re-
garded as a text book of geology, the pres-
ent volume offers some departures from
existing examples, but this does not inter-

Music

a beautiful composition by
Chaminade, is one of many
thousand pieces that you
can play if yon own a Kran-
ich & Bach Player-Piano—
"the most human of all."
Even though you know
nothing about piano-play-
ing, your performance is
technically perfect; and
better still, you can play
with true personal musical
expression, exactly like the

Every piece you can
think of —every piece you
ever heard, and thousands
that you never heard but
would like to hear—are
’ instantly included in your
repertoire.

They cover every class
of music—popular, dance,
comic-opera, musical com-
edy, grand-opera, classic,
sacred. All the old familiar

favorites as well as the very
most experienced pianist. latest hits.

‘
i PLAYER-PIANO

The Highest Grade Player-Piano in the
World Built Completely in'one Factory

Only the technique—the striking of the right notes at the right instant—is automatic.
Every phase of musical-expression is under absolute personal control of the performer.
And "expression" is what makes music—not technique.

The KRANICH & BACH PIANO is famous as one of the half-dozen really first
grade pianos. The Kranich & Bach Player Action is exclusively a K & B product—in-
vented by us and made by us, in every detail, in the same factory withthe piano. It is,
therefore, equally as perfect as the piano, and is to be had only in KRANICH & BACH
PLAYER-PIANOS.

Among the many exclusive features ot
superiority, one of the most important is the
TRIL-MELODEME or TRIPLE SOLO
device, which enables you personally to
"bring out" the melody whether in bass,
tenor or treble, and subdue all else.
Complete and interesting literature will be sent on re-
quest; alsoa sample copy of The Player Magazine.

Sold on Convenient Monthly
Payments if Desired
"Tri-Melodeme" (Melody-Marked) Music-Rolls,
with Special Artistic Tempo Interpretations, make
expressive playing easy and quickly acquired.

These can be used with any player-piano.

Kranich & Bach

233-245 East 23rd Street, New York City

No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS

a
Twenty-five designs ing in ¢
offane Desi WG . Re ie
No. 2, LOW-COST HOUSES

Upward of twenty-five designs, costing

By far the most complete collection of plans from $1,000 to $3,000.
ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page No.3. MODERN DWELLINGS

Twenty designs, at costs ranging from

plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. $2,800 to $7,000.
No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES

MUNN & CO, INC, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK — Witty, silested desians, costing from

DO BUGS AND WORMS BOTHER?

Do they prevent your having beautiful trees and perfect fruits and vegetables? Do you understand the art of modern
orchard practice, including budding, grafting, pruning, cultivating, the prevention of mould, mildew, scale, scab, etc?
lo you know how to successfully grow potatoes and other vegetables for profit >

OUR HANDSOME “The WHY and HOW of ORCHARD SUCCESS”

will prove invaluable to you, and contains a gold mine of useful information for the novice and the expert.
SEND FOR IT TODAY. ONLY FIFTY CENTS, POSTAGE PAID

Our complete illustrated catalogue of Spraying Machinery is FREE for the asking, and a postal will bring you in
touch with our nearest agent.

FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY 101 Grand Avenue, Elmira, N. Y.

Xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

November, 1912

What You Gain by Using

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

1 Soft, rich, and beautiful coloring effect.
2 Thorough preservation of the wood.*
3 Low cost in both material and labor.

4 Guaranteed fast colors.

For Shingles, Siding, and other Exterior
Woodwork

Send for samples of stained wood. Free.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.
131 Milk Street

Agents at all central points

Z a ; 5 ***Wood treated with Creosote is not subject to dr
=) ~ ey <p , ” > + pee y rot or
Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains. Myron Hunt and other decay, "—Century Dictionary.

Elmer Grev. Architects, Los Angeles, Cal.

Complete Your Heating System
With a MARVEL THERMOSTAT

The ‘* Marvel”? controls the heating system as a governor controls an engine. It automatically con-
trols the drafts so the heater gives the desired temperature regardless of changing conditions out doors.
By constantly having the fire under perfect control there is no waste fuel—no fire danger from overheated
apparatus—the drafts require no attention whatever from any person—and the life of the heater is greatly
increased. Your coal lasts longer and the ash pile is smaller. The *‘Marvel’’ also opens the drafts of the
heater before you arise in the morning and warms up the home while you sleep. The °‘ Marvel’? is a
necessary part of any heating system and ** Mases Any Heater A Better Heater.”? An annual dividend of 30
to 40% is received on the investment with unknown comforts and conveniences included. You owe it to
yourself to send for more information—information why you need the “‘ Marvel’? and why it is etter than
similar appliances.

AMERICAN THERMOSTAT COMPANY, Dept. A, Elmira, N.Y.

JUST PUBLISHED

Scientific American
Reference Book
Edition of 1913

it contains 608 pages and 1,000 illustrations, is substantially bound in
cloth, and the cover carries a special design
printed in three colors

Albert A. Hopkins
Compiler and Hditor for Part I. STATISTICAL

A. Russell Bond
Compiler and Editor for Part II. Scienvriric

INFORMATION, — Editor | vot Cyclopedia of INFORMATION. Editor of Handyman's
Formulas, Handbook of Travel, Ete. Mem- Workshop and Laboratory :

ber of the American Statistical Associa- ee

tion.

The editorial staff of the Scientific Amenican receives annually over fifteen thousand
inquiries, covering a wide range of topics—no field of human achievement cr natural
phenomena is neglected. ‘The information sought for in many cases cannot be
readily found in text books or works of reference. In order to supply this know-
ledge in concrete and usable form, two of the Editors of the Scientific American
have, with the assistance of trained statisticians, produced a remarkable Refeience
Book, containing over seventy-five thousand facts, and illustrated by one thousand
engravings, for which the entire world has been scoured. Immense masses of
government material have been digested with painstaking care with the collabora-
tion of government officials of the highest rank, including cabinet officers, and assisted
by competent professors of world-wide reputation.

Owing to the printing of an edition of 10,000 copies, we are enabled to offer
this book at a merely nominal price. The purchase of the book is the only adequate
way to judge of its merits. An elaborate circular, showing specimens of illustrations.
together with four full-size sample pages, will be sent on request.

Part I. Chapter VII. Chapter XIII, Chapter I.
STATISTICAL IN- RAILROADS. PATEN'YS, ‘TRADE- CHEMISTRY.
OP an J “ iB MARKS AND COPY-
FORMATION, Chapter VIII. ACHES, Chapter II,
Chapter I. THE PANAMA CANAL. ASTRONOMY AND TIME,

POPULATION AND SO- Chapter XIV.

CIAL STATISTICS. Ee ON GR SETA ARMIES OF THE Chapter IIT,

PELEGRAPIIS AN y METEOROLOGY

Chapter II. Ree WORLD. IETEOROLOGY.

FARMS, FOODS AND ; J Chapter XV. Chapter IV.
FORESTS. Chapter X. NAVIES OF THE MACHINE ELEMENTS
Chapter III. WIRELESS 'TELEG- WORLD. AND MECHANICAL

MINES AND QUARRIES. RAPHY, aN MOVEMENTS.

es s , z Chapter XVI.
Chapter IV. Chapter XI. AVIATION Chapter V.

MANUFACTURES. TELEPHONE STATIS- GEOMETRICAL CON-
y 0 AT TICS OF THE STRUCLIONS.
Chapter V. Ss Part II. ms
COMMERCE. WROD Chapter VI

= : . ATTN 7. 5
Chapter VI. Chapter XII. SCIENTIFIC IN WEIGHTS AND MEAS-
MERCHANT MARINE. POST OFFICE AFFAIRS, FORMATION. URES,

Net Price $S 1 »O Postpaid

Send for large prospectus and specimen pages

MUNN & CO., Inc., PUBLISHERS 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY

Boston, Mass.

fere with its use by the general reader, who
has real need for a book which may be
read intelligently by all who are in any way
interested in science in general. The chap-
ters deal with a Compilation of Earth His-
tory, the Figure of the Earth, The Nature
of the Materials, The Contortions of the
Strata, The Fracture Superstructure, Earth
\lovements, The Rise of Molton Rock, The
Attack of the Water, The Life History
of Rivers, The Travels of Underground
Waters, The Forms Carved and Molded
hy Waves, Coast Records of the Rise or
Fall of the Land, The Glaciers of Moun-
tain and Continent, Land Sculpture, Lake
Basins, Origin and Forms of Mountains,
etc.

There is also an excellent appendix on
the quick determination of the common
minerals. It is an excellent book on a
very important subject.

A NATURAL SILK FROM THE
BELGIAN CONGO

T is proposed to make a commercial use

of a native silk coming from the African
region which does not appear to have
been utilized heretofore. This is a silk
found in the Belgian Congo region, and it
is furnished by worms of the anaphe, which
variety is widespread in the Uganda, the
German east Africa, Cameroon and Congo
as well as other regions. The African silk
corporation has already begun to install
plants of the kind in the Uganda and else-
where, and two other firms are soon to be-
gin work in Belgian Congo. The worms
are very voracious and are covered with
hairs which have a stinging effect on the
skin. They hardly ever change their place
except during the night in order to seek
food or search for good places for building
their nests. They feed on plants such as
Abizza fastigiata, also Bridelia nucarantha
and others. On the under side of this lat-
ter leaf, the anaphe lays 200 or 300 eggs
placed in piles and covered with a protect-
ing down. About two months after hatch-
ing, the worms proceed to make a combined
effort in order to build a kind of nest upon
the plants which furnish their food. The
rest is of a silky appearance and has a color
varying from coffee color to a rusty red.
Of an irregular shape, the nests have a size
ranging from that of an egg up to a child’s
head, and they contain from 10 to 100 co-
coons tightly pressed together. When the
butterfly is hatched, it secretes a liquid
which attacks the cocoon and the envelopes
of the nest, so that it can find its way to the
outside. It appears that this does not in-
jure the silk of the cocoons, so that it is
not required to smother the insect within
the chrysalis to avoid hatching the butterfly.
The nests must be handled under water in
order to prevent the nettle-like action of the
hairs upon the skin, such hairs and also
fragments of skin being scattered through
the nest. The silk of the envelopes and
that of the cocoons are treated separately,
the operation being a washing with carbon-
ate of potash solution until no more color
is discharged, then the silk is dried in the
air and packages of it are sent to the fac-
tories. The yield in the present case is
estimated at one pound of silk thread com-
ing from six pounds of raw silk. It does
not seem difficult to carry on silk raising
in this case, as the matter of acclimating the
silk worm, which is such an important one
with the usual kind, does not need to be
dealt with here, either for the insect nor
for the food plants. No diseases attack
the insects, as far as can be noticed.

“ie

Biltmore Nursery
Offers You a Wealth

of Hardy Flowers

HE old-fashioned flowers—Holly-
hocks, Sweet Williams, and Pinks;

the newest triumphs of the hybridizer’s
skill in Larkspurs, Phlox, Peonies, and Irises,
and all the other herbaceous perennials, many
of them in varieties that may be had nowhere
else, are growing at Biltmore Nursery. With
these plants that, once established, last for genera-
tions, every taste in form, color and size may be
gratified, while the joy they give is lasting.
Biltmore Nursery devotes unusual attention to
the hardy garden flowers and grows them
exceedingly well—so well that botanists and
landscape architects come and marvel at their
nerfection. Yet there is no secret in the care
of hardy plants, and with Biltmore Nursery
stock you can duplicate, at little cost, the
effects that draw admiration from cvery

visitor.
A Book to Help You
with Your Planting

To help the lover of outdoor beauty select the most
valuable plants, Biltmore Nursery has issued a new
edition of the book “Hardy Garden Flowers.” This

shows hundreds of flowers and makes clear, by
engravings of photographs from nature, what
wonderful pictures may be secured by the judicious
grouping of Biltmore Perennials. The illustrations
are most helpful to the amateur. For the further
convenience of lovers of outdoor beauty, Biltmore
Nursery has made selections of the hardy garden
flowers which it finds most satisfactory, and offers
these in sets of varying size, to meet the require-
ments of every purse and preference. If you
love flowers aid plan to set out hardy plants soon

this beautiful bock will be gladly sent to you.

BILTMORE NURSERY

Box 1414 BILTMORE, N. C.

UUVIILULLIMMUTU LILI UFLINTS FINE FURNITURE )I!||/{1 {11111

CHRISTMAS GIFTS ON
INCOMPARABLE DISTINCTION

Not less remarkable than its diversity is
the range in prices afforded by our Holi-
day Exhibit.

From Masterpieces of FLINT’S FINE
FURNITURE, suitable for important gifts
to an almost limitless choice of useful and
inexpensive luxuries.

Comparison of Flint values as found in
r ‘Gift Room” with the best obtainable
elsewhere is convincing proof of

FLINT LOW PRICES and
FLINT HIGH QUALITY.

Geo. C. Funt Co,
24-28 West 24" SP

43-47 West 23" ST.

SmTTAATLUUUUOVANAATALUCUGUORALLLLULLUUOONATARALLUUOONHTROLLULOGOHRAULLOOGRRARELELUUCOSRAAEELUUONOWRARLUOOMAQIAALUULCOLOSRUUUDUUUNUOOOOOROULUUOONAARORROOOUOND ON (Lex

SSTUNUUUNNUUUUUULUUUCRECLCUUCUUUTTATLLUUCLLCLCRLCRLELLLLCLEECRCEUUUUUUTEUUEULOMLUULULELULROLLLECLLOLKLULO CCR

JUST PUBLISHED
A Complete and Authoritative American Work!

Standard Practical Plumbing

BY R. M. STARBUCK
Author of “‘ Modern Plumbing Illustrated ”’ etc., etc.

Octavo, (6% x 9% inches), 406 pages, 347 illustrations.
Price, $3.00 postpaid.

This work is especially strong in its
exhaustive treatment of the skilled work

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

THE proper way to buy i is to see the material growing. We shall gladly

give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery,
and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our
Nursery consists of 300 acres of highly cultivated land and a large area
covered with greenhouses and storehouses, in which we are growing
Nursery and Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose, the best
that experience, gvod cultivation and our excellent facilities can produce,
placing us in a position to fill orders of any size.

of the plumber and commends itself at
once to everyone working in any branch
ofthe plumbing trade. Itis indispensable
to the master plumber, the journeyman
plumber and the apprentice plumber.
Plumbing in all its branches is treated
within the pages of this book, and a large
amount of space is devoted to a very
complete and practical treatment of the
subjects of hot-water supply, circulation
and range boiler work.

Following is a list of the chapters:

The Plumber’s Tools. XVIII. Residence Plumbing.

Wiping Solder, Composi- XIX. Plumbing for | Hotels,
tion and Use. penecle, Factories, Sta-

oint Wiping. es, Etc.

ae Werte Modern Country Plumb-

Traps. ing.

Sieve of Traps. Filtration of Sewage and

Venting. Water Supply.

Continuous Venting. . Hot and Cold Supply.

House Sewer and Sewer . Range Boilers; Circula-
Connections. tion. ,

House Drain. Circulating Pipes.

Soil Piping, Roughing. XV. Range Boiler Problems.

Main ‘Trap and Fresh JJ. Hot Water for Large
Air Inlet. suildings.

Floor, Yard,” Cellar jII. Water Lift and Its Use.
Drains, Rain Leaders, XXVIII. Multiple Connections for
Etc. Hot Water Boilers;

Fixture Wastes. Heating of Radiation

Water Closets. by Supply System.

Ventilation. XXIX. Theory for the Plumber.

Improved Plumbing Con- XXX. Drawing for the Plum-
nections. ber.

STANDARD
| PRACTICAL PLUMBING

R-M. STARBUCK

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York

Deciduous Trees and Shrubs. We grow
many thousands of Ornamental Shade-Trees
and Flowering Shrubs in all varieties and
sizes. A visit to our Nursery will convince
you of the quality of our immense stock.

Hardy Old-Fashioned Flowers. We

ave thousands of rare new and_ old-
fashioned kinds. Our Herbaceous Grounds
are especially interesting at this time.
Special prices on quantities.

Trained Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit
Trees and Small Fruits. We grow these
for all kinds of fruit gardens and orchards,

Hedge Plants. We grow a large quantity
of California Privet, Berberis and other
shrubs for hedges,

Hardy Trailing and Climbing Vines.
We have them for every place and purpose.

Bulbs and Roots. We import quantities
of Bulbs and Roots from Japan, Holland,
snd other parts of Europe. Our Special

AUTUMN BULB CATALOG will be

mailed free upon request.

Pot-Grown Strawberries. We raise
thousands of pot-grown Strawberries in all
the leading and popular varieties. Ready
for immediate delivery.

Palms. We grow Kentias, Phoenix,

racaena in quantities and a variety of
beautiful plants for house and greenhouse
decoration. Don’t fail to walk throush our
greenhouses when visiting our Nursery

Baytrees, Decorative Plants for Con-
servatories, interior and exterior decora-
tions are grown in our 500,000 square feet
of greenhouses.

Boxwood in Tubs. We grow thousands
of plants in many shapes andsizes. Every-
body loves the rich green color and delicate
aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood.

Plant Tubs, Window Boxes and English }
Garden Furniture. We manufacture all
shapes and sizes.

Our New Giant Flowering Marshmallow. Everybody should be inter-
ested in this Hardy New Old-Fashioned Flower. It will grow everywhere
and when in bloom is the queen of flowers in the garden. Rlooms from
July until the latter part of September.

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 75 describes our Products, is

comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending purchasers. Will be

mailed free upon request.

We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Ev erywhere With
Our World’s Choicest Nursery Products, Grown in Our World’s

Greatest Nursery.

Visitors, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line,
3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

OPE Ore Nas KE SE ronen
oe, A J may, A
UA Gea OR

y
WM
KS
ioe gn ay
At a

@ Di

y
ca

OF.

ANY

ati ‘ Db tey, - if ie aS) sex er ‘. : v A £ a 3
¥ ; { >) ie — os AL aii ts hep SP es : Ying
mee, A pret gece RS lee
Ye \ Ny Pees la : “a; i
i A ee ear OP
| Sf : if mC “a i
g [a Ps :

Sian
zs SS ae os
EY Fikes

ay (17
x NA

et) ae
ae Ne is
iy

The latest advance in instruments of sound
reproduction is the development of the tone-
control shutters—an exclusively Columbia
feature. They take the place of the less
sightly, less convenient and less efficient
hinged doors. These tone-control shutters
are shown here in two Columbia Grafo-
nolas, the “Princess” and the “ Favorite.”

The Columbia Grafonola ‘ Princess,”
price $75, is one of the latest of the exclus-
ively Columbia table instruments. It is a
beautiful mahogany table, serviceable as
such in every way. Also it is always ready
to provide music of any class you desire.
Its tone is the Columbia tone—incomparable.

The Columbia Grafonola ‘‘ Favorite," price $50,
is the first instrument of the enclosed type ever
offered at anything like that price. It has created
a tremendous demand, solely by its unmatchable
quality.

On either instrument, as on all Columbias (prices
from $17.50 to $200) you have at your command
the voices of all the: great artists who have ever
made records, without exceplion.

New Catalogs of instruments and double-disc
records ready.

Go to Your Nearest Dealer

or write to the

Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen’!

Box 249, Tribune Building, New York

m\ ‘The Columbia G
“Favorite” $

ee ie f
’
ata
2 i bf i
TE eek wy, =
OF, y 3
Poi 4 in
Mm ‘
wey pat
\ rs

TNA

Chimneys—Domestic Rugs—Attractive Houses—Mushrooms

100
As12
Mort:

AND GARDENS

Parente

a ja

OEE LDS EPO So AIR

£2 PVR AAAS REDON ALL LE LOLLY POSE PD LTOCERE TE DEES IR OS IO NORELCO EIS NM eR —

GRACE MRE

ia att

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers

DECEMBER, 1912

$3.00

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jn WHITE TOWN CARS the advantages of
“1 the WHITE electrical starting and lighting sys-
Jem, together with the logical left-side drive —-an

exclusive WHITE combination + -1s more apparent than

ever belore. I Ic lo ev te drives, the. COUPE
offers the simple contro et yo! ma a. coupled
ES call pe cy] 3
im |] a lin fil a &
all & Wit I | —————————
{| (Wie ee = _ : SS = a i ae unnuncny T
Ss — him TT ie i ) TaN He lul
Nise Ep Ras re TVATTTVNUUIA A (fttents == T 4 il | i i i , : a eet} alll ; :
hc in 2 ay Ta 7am 5
oe ih He ers | i Bi ues “i uh
iy y 7 aor ! 1) Ml ' “fl i
ll a WA) al a lt ces

Us Mi S
MI US
l mid
= | ny I) |

mr
WX

IES,

‘ v y w y
ah Kf WY
\ SN KS ;

and fare Pane of tl The ee) Ye Why

gasoline roadster. “il In the BERLINE « Lee i f
LIMOUSINE, a tolding partition ine di

seal allows the owner. when he choose: es 10 vt opera |
his car; fo remain in the same luxurious inter or with
his family and quests. GI WHITE IOWN CARS ¢ sul
beaulilully Fished and appointed to the last detail and

are the choice of motor coach connoisseurs everywhere.

4 The White Company -- Cleveland.

1
)

December, 1912

THE “FANCY” FOWLS
By E, I. FARRINGTON

HAT are commonly called the
“fancy” breeds are not, of course,
the only breeds which are kept by fan.
ciers. On the contrary, such birds as the
Plymouth Rocks, the Rhode Island Reds
and the Leghorns, which cackle in thou-
sands of backyards all over the country.
appear in larger numbers at the poultry
shows than those which are classed as
strictly “fancy.”

The latter are bred by people who are
concerned more with the ornamental than
with the utility qualities of their hens—
people who are fond of the unusual and
even the bizarre. Some of the most at-
tractive fowls known in this country are
included among the less conventional
breeds, so that there is good reason for
raising them, apart from any mere desire
to be unconventional. Some of them, too,
are excellent layers.

Often the owners of large estates keep
a few pens of these fancy birds in addition
to a flock of utility poultry. In the vicin-
ity of Boston, the Hamburg breed is in
particular favor among wealthy fanciers
and the list of entries at the Boston Show
is sure to contain several names familiar
in fashionable society.

The Hamburgs are small and stylish.
Incidentally they are prolific layers of
white eggs, but they are rather lacking
in vigor and do not like close confine-
ment, so that while the utility poultry-
man admires their beauty, he soon passes
on to a more profitable breed. Their
name doubtless was adopted from the sea-
port city, although they were long known
in England as the “Dutch Every-Day
Layers.” Probably the Silver-Spangled
and the Golden-Spangled are the varieties
most frequently reared, although there
are also Golden-Penciled, Silver Penciled,
White and Black varieties. The Blacks
are much in favor among fashionable
breeders.

The White-Faced Black Spanish is an
interesting fowl and probably the oldest
of the non-sitting breeds. Unfortunately,
it has been the subject for breeding ex-
periments so long that its constitution has
been weakened as a result of efforts to
develop certain fancy points desired. The
birds are now rather delicate and fertility
of the eggs is low. No one would choose
them for practical purposes alone, but
they will give a fair return in eggs for
the care which they receive and a much
larger return in satisfaction to the eye.
While the plumage is glossy black the
face is white, so that they have an unusual
and striking appearance.

Still another highly ornamental fowl is
the Polish in several varieties—White
Crested Black, Silver, Bearded Golden,
Bearded Silver, Buff Laced, Blue and
plain White. As may be inferred from
this multiplicity of varieties, the fanciers
have exercised their skill on this breed
for generations. The most prominent
characteristic of the Polish fowl of both
sexes is a large and handsome crest,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Slobe-

Sectional Bookcases _

HAT gift could be a finer
compliment to the intelli-
gence of the recipient than a care-
fully selected Globe -Wernicke
Bookcase? That it can be added
to, a unit at a time, as the library

grows will be keenly appreciated
by one of literary taste. In many homes
it is a pleasant Holiday custom to
present a sufficient number of Globe-
Wernicke Bookcase sections to accom-
modate the new additions to the library.

Globe-Wernicke Bookcases are made in
several different styles, the finishes being
carefully selected and applied to pro-
duce those harmonizing colors in which
the natural grain of the wood shows to
the best advantage. Globe-Wernicke
Bookcases are sold by 1500 authorized
agencies. Where not represented, goods
will be shipped on approval, freight
prepaid.
‘*Booklovers’ Shopping List’’

This little book liststhe works ofgreat authors
and gives their prices in sets. The list in-
cludes the low priced, popular sets as well

as the de luxe editions. Every book buyer
should have a copy. Sent free with the

Globe-Wernicke catalog Address Dept. A.H,

The Globe“Wernicke Co.,
Cincinnati, Ohio

Branch Stores: New York, 380-382 Broadway , Phila-
delphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St. , Boston, 91-93 Federal St. ,
Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. ; Washington, 1218-1220

F St., N. W.; Cincinnati, 128-134 Fourth Ave., E

Recording Thermometers

Continuously and automatically record indoor and
outdoor temperatures. Useful and ornamental for
country homes.

protecting lattice box and flexible connecting tube so

that Recording Instrument may be installed indoors
to continously record outdoor temperatures,

THE BRISTOL CO.,

BRISTOL’S

Furnished, if desired, with sensitive bulb in weather

Write for descriptive printed matter.
Waterbury, Conn.

“THE STAR”
ASBESTOS TABLE PAD

For protection of polished table top against
damage by hot dishes or moisture.

Made of especially prepared asbestos covered
with heavy double faced cotton flannel, soft
and noiseless.

Made for round, square or oval tables, Folds to con-
venient size to be laid away. Special sizes to order.

The best table pad manufactured.

Better class of dealers sell our goods or can get them
for you.

Doily, Chafing-dish and Platter Mats, size 5 to 18
inches; round, square or oval,

Look for our trade-mark “‘Star.’" Booklet on request.

KERNEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY
156 West 62d Street Chicago, Ill.

—
=

ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

Poultry, Pet
and Line Stork
Hirerinry

ONE OF THE SIGHTS IN OUR PARK

We carry the largest stock in America of
ornamental birds and animals. Nearly 60
acres of land entirely devoted to our busi-
ness.

Write us what you want.

WENZ& MACKENSEN

Proprietors of Pennsylvania
Pheasantry and Game Park

Department C. Bucks County, Yardly, Pa.

C. D. TILLEY

Naturalist

Beautiful Swans, Fancy
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes,
Storks, Ornamental Ducks and
Geese, Flamingoes, Game and
Cage Birds.

**Everything in the bird line froma
Canary to an Ostrich’’

I am the oldest established and largest exclusive
dealer in land and water birds in America and have
on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States.

G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn.

English Spaniels

Owner going abroad. Sale of
registered Kennel of imported
Spaniels Show, sporting and
house pets from $15. Illustrated
circular. Address

Secretary, Country Club

Box 3 Flat Rock, N.C.

Hong ==

THE-REAL ESTATE:-MART

COUNTRY HOMES
The Best City and Suburban Property
Timber and Coal Lands
Free Illustrated Registers
H. W. HILLEARY & COMPANY

419 Southern Building Washington, D. C.

which often obscures the peculiar V-
shaped comb. Contrary to general belief,
these birds did not get their name because
of any connection with the country of
Poland, but rather because of the poll on
the top of the head. The hens lay white
eggs and a considerable number of them,
and although the skin is white and the
legs dark, the flesh of a Polish chicken
is particularly fine in grain and flavor.
The breed is somewhat delicate and is
easily affected by dampness, but endures
confinement well and is worth the atten-

tion of amateurs who lean toward the.

unconventional.

Blue fowls are rare, and for that reason
the Blue Andalusians are certain to at-
tract attention wherever seen. They
came originally from Spain and are hardy,
of fair size, prolific egg producers and
easy to keep. They are not unsatis-
factory as practical egg fowls, and by
some people might not be classed as
“fancy at all, “Still, they “are sseldom
seen on utility plants, although a blue
bird is occasionally found in farmers’
flocks. They are better adapted to
European conditions, for they have white
skin and dark shanks. They lay white
eggs of satisfactory size and are termed
non-sitters, althoush it is not unusual for
a hen to manifest a broody tendency.

The blue of the Andalusian is not of so
deep a tint as one might be led to ex-
pect. The plumage is really a bluish gray
or dove color, but the shade varies on
different birds. The fowls of both sexes
are very neat and trim in appearance and
it would be difficult to find a more attrac-
tive looking bird—provided one has a
liking for the exceptional color. The face
is red and the ear lobes white, giving the
interesting combination of red, white and
blue. I like to linger over this breed, be-
cause it is quaint and interesting and at
the same time hardy, friendly and able to
pay for its keep in eggs.

The games in several varieties are
popular with fanciers and at the last
Boston show Black Breasted Red Games,
3rown Red Games, Golden Duckwing
Games, Silver Duckwing Games, several
kinds of Pit Games and both Indian and
White Cornish fowls were seen. Many
breeders of Cornish varieties do not like
to have the term game attached to the
breed, as it contains no more fighting
blood that other mofé common breeds,
and people are misled by the name. The
four varieties named first belong to the
exhibition class of games and have many
admirers. They are taller and less com-
pact in build than the sturdy, short-
legged Pit Games.

The Cornish fowls are larger than the
other kinds of games and may be kept for
practical purposes, as they often lay re-
markably well, are not heavy feeders and
bear confinement well. They mature
early and are not difficult to raise.

The Cornish fowls have another point
to recommend them—they dress for the
table to exceptional advantage, being
very full in the breast and carrying a sur-
prising amount of meat. Cornish fowls
are sometimes used with success in mak-
ing crosses and if they were better known
and more widely-bred, they might well
be transferred to the utility class.

Among the most unique fowls bred are
the Japanese Silkies, the Frizzles and the
Rumpless. It is only now and then that
specimens of these breeds are seen,
although some years ago the curious
Rumpless fowl was not uncommon on
farms in New York and Pennsylvania,

being kept for business purposes and
yielding a satisfactory number of eggs. -
The peculiarity of these birds lies in the
fact they are tailless. The place where
most fowls have a tail attached is en-
tirely smooth, with the result, of course,
that the bird has a very curious and un-
usual appearance.

The Silkies are very small, dainty and
pretty. Their fluffy white feathers stand
out from the body in all directions, so
that the little birds look as though coy-
ered with down. Their combs and faces
have a purplish tint, another point
wherein they differ from most poultry.

More unique than the birds of either
of these peculiar breeds are the Frizzles,
which may well be described as freaks.
Their feathers are what give them their
odd appearance, for instead of lying close
to the body like those of other chickens,
they turn upwards and toward the head.
The birds are found in different colors
and it is needless to say always attract
attention. They lay fairly well, but na-
turally are considered only as “fancy”
fowls.

A few fanciers in this country are rais-
ing Japanese Phoenix fowls, very re-
markable birds with tails sometimes five
feet long. The Japs think so highly of
this breed that a strain may be handed
down from father to son for many gen-
erations. The Japanese are true fanciers,
keeping some breeds purely for their
ornamental qualities—and they are not so
impatient for quick results as are the
fanciers of this country.

HOUSE HEATING HINTS
By J. C. TAYLOR

ROM the pioneer practice of heating the

country home with nothing but the open
fireplace, which didn’t heat the house as
much as it furnished a cheerful place to
warm by, there has been a strong tendency
to the other extreme of dispensing entirely
with the fireplace in the modern plans for
heating. The idea is to make all the house
so comfortable all the time that no special
warming spot is necessary. This is good
logic, but it is mighty poor sentiment, for
the open fire is the most characteristic part
of the real home, and to dispense with it is
like throwing a lot of the finest family spirit
out of the home.

The best plan all around is to retain a fair
share of the open fires, and then add a
modern hot air or hot water heating sys-
tem. A good open fire going on cold even-
ings in the living-room, or some room
where the family can gather around, is the
greatest thing going to hold the family cir-
cle, and it would really be better for the
home spirit itself to do without the modern
heating appliances and keep the fireplace
than to dispense entirely with it for the
modern ideas. But one needn’t do either.

-Have one or more fireplaces, and then add

whatever heating system you prefer. With
the fireplace you need not keep the whole
house quite so warm as you would with-
out it, so it will not add materially to the
fuel account. Make it the regular old-time
fireplace if you are burning wood; if coal is
the fuel, have an open grate that is just as
near to the old fireplace as you can get it.
Of the modern heating systems there is
a choice between the hot air furnace, a hot
water system and a combination of the two
called the vapor system. As to which is
best, one might stir up pro and con argu-
ment to last for a lifetime, and then it
would remain largely a matter of peculiar
local conditions or of personal preference.

December, 1912

All have been improved from time to time
till.one can get satisfaction out of a good
system of either kind.

The main claims for the furnace are:
The first cost is cheaper ; it gives a good air
circulation through the house, and thus aids
ventilation; you can get the house heated
up in the morning in less time, and it is
simpler to handle. The claims for hot
water are based largely on fuel economy,
even temperature, and that it will hold
its heat better through the night. The
vapor system is the most expensive to in-
stall and claims many of the merits of
both the other. It consists essentially of
a hot water system all encased down in
the cellar, with the heat from the radia-
tors carried from there through the house
by a piping system and registers similar
to those used with the hot air furnace.

If fuel is expensive and a big item in
the consideration, the hot water system
will probably give the best satisfaction.
But with this you should remember that
the fuel estimates are based on a new,
clean heater, and that to save fuel as you
should, it is important to keep the flues
and inner water-lined walls free from
soot. This may not amount to so much
if you are burning wood, but if it is coal
that gives off considerable gas in burning
the soot will form rapidly. This is be-
cause the water keeps the temperature
down in the furnace so much lower than
the natural temperature of the fire that
the gases condense and form soot on the
interior.

Whether you use a hot air or hot water
furnace, there are certain points about the
installation that apply just the same. One
is to get your furnace near the center of
the house, especially if you have a chim-
ney near there, too. Get to a good central
point for the sake of short and easy dis-
tribution of heat through the different
rooms. The object in getting near the
chimney is to make the smoke-pipe short.
This pipe must be renewed practically
every Fall, especially if it is left standing
in place through the Summer, for the soot
in it, moistened by the rains, eats out the
metal. The shorter this pipe is, then, the
less it will cost to renew it. Also the
short pipe makes for a better draft, and
less danger of fire through defects, or
through it falling down.

The chimney should be preferably
straight, with an inner flue not less than
seven by eleven inches, with nothing else
tapped into it but the furnace. A splen-
did idea is to build one big chimney, all
enclosed inside the house. big enough to
carry three flues; one for the furnace, one
for the fireplace and one for the kitchen
range. This makes a well-balanced chim-
ney, and if the flues are lined with the
regulation fireproof clay lining it will not
fail to draw. The reason for putting it
inside the house is to protect the chimney
from the outside cold, which will make it
draw better, and then the chimney itself
will help heat the house and economize
in fuel. The outside chimney is more
picturesque, but it loses lots of heat
through radiation and does not draw so
well, so if that type of chimney is desired,
make the walls extra thick.

In placing the registers or radiators
you can better insure keeping the entire
room warm by having them near the
outer walls, but you can get more heat
economy by having them near the inner
walls. When the heat enters the room
near an outer wall it loses some through
wall radiation while it is warming the
room, and if placed near the inner wall

Any one can do

Bureau of Mushroom Industry, Dept. 3, 1342 N. Clark St., Chicago

O equip a house from cellar to
attic with’ dependable hardware
seems costly. But consider nght-

quality hardware as a permanent in-

vestment and the expenditure is
actually small.

Sargent Hardware 1s an investment
for all time.

Sargent locks and trimmings on all your
doors add beauty to your architect’s deco-
rative scheme.- They also afford absolute
protection to the investment in your home.

For convenience, investigate our master key
plan, one key that fits all the locks in the
house, on outbuildings and the padlocks on
the garage, auto boxes, etc.

On your request the Sargent Book of Designs
will be sent free; also the Sargent Colonial
Book illustrating patterns of this period.

SARGENT & COMPANY
156 Leonard St., New York

About Mushrooms

EE
How to really make big money in

A mushrooms, is fully explained in the
4) wonderful book, ‘‘The Truth About
ushrooms,’’ a great revolutionary improvement,
things many growers never knew before, Every-
thing explained from A to Z, at first hand, from
the greatest practical authority in America, Add
$10 to $70 a week to your income. Demand ex-
ceeds supply. Grow in cellars, sheds, boxes, etc.
Small capital to start. Profits bigger and quicker,
men and children, too. Now is best time, Send.for free book.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

| | Sargent cylin-
Jder padlocks
jgive absolute
security to all
{| outbuildings.
| Adependable x
| portable Sar-
Vgent lock for
automobiles,
motorcycles,
chests, etc.

Commonwealth Hotel

Opposite State House, Boston, Mass.
STORER F. CRAFTS, General Manager

BILTMORE NURSERY

Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen
Trees. Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request.

Box 1424 Biltmore, N. C.

’ My book on Hardy plants tells you when to
Farr cS) plant, and the kinds that I think give best re-
H d sults. If you are interested I will send you a

ar y free copy.
Pl t BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
ANTS = 643E Penn Street Reading, Pa.

BPROUHGC Your floors

and floor
coverings from injury. Also beautify
your furniture by using Glass Onward
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in
place of casters, Made in 110 styles
and sizes. If your dealer will not
supply you
Write us—Onward Mfg. Co.,

Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A,
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont.

offers rooms with hot and cold water for $1.00
per day and up, which includes free use of
Public shower baths. Nothing to equal this
in New England. Rooms with private baths
for $1.50 per day and up, suites of two rooms
and bath for $4.00 per day and up. Dining
rooms and cafe first class. European plan.

ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF

Strictly A Temperance Hotel
Send for Booklet
COMMONWEALTH HOTEL, Inc.

iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

‘

problem may require.

111 North

Showrooms :

DENVER, COLO.
OMAHA, NEB.

ST. LOUIS, MO.
CINCINNATI, OHIO

~ Pumps kinds

CYLINDERS, ETC.
Hay Unloading Tools

K an) we. Barn Door Hangers
ae Write for Circulars and Prices
F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O.

Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works

=—_ F'R HE —

Christmas Dinners

300,000

POOR
PEOPLE

Will be
supplied by
The
Salvation Army

Throughout the
United States

Will you help by
sending a
donation, no
matter how small
TO COMMANDER

MISS BOOTH

118 W. 14th St., New York City
Western States, Comm. Estill, 669 S. State St., Chicago

SH %
_~ WOLFF Q

We are now entering our Fifty-eighth successful year.
For every public and private sanitary service Wolff's
goods will prove a highly satisfactory choice.
means a great deal to your business, since by dealing
with Wolff you have immediate command of every
kind of sanitary supply which any ordinary or special
We have successfully solved
these problems in most of the buildings along the
world famous boulevard in Chicago, and the goods are
giving universal satisfaction.
ESTABLISHED 1855

L. Wolff Manufacturing Company

Plumbing Goods Exclusively

The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm

General Offices: 601-627 West Lake St., Chicago

BRANCHES :

NEAPOLIS, MINN.

OMAHA ROCHESTER, N. Y.
BRANCH OFFICES :

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
CLEVELAND, OHIO
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

This

Dearborn Street, Chicago

TRENTON, N.J. DALLAS, TEX.

WASHINGTON, D. C.
KANSAS CITY, MO.

DON’T COOK THE COOK

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating and
Laundry Work also for Lighting

‘It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for “‘Economy Way’
Economy Gas MachineCo.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.

“Economy *? Gas fs automatic,

Sanitary and Not-Poijsonous

Amazing Profits
In Mushrooms

Anybody canadd $8 to $40 per week
to their income, in spure time, entire
year growing mushrooms in cellars,

sheds, barns, boxes, etc. I tell you

where to sell, at highest prices.

Free Illustrated Instruction Booklet
HIRAM BARTON

409 W. 48th St., New York

KILLED BY

RAT SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
r. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia.

DANYSZ VIRUS

How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen
for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 sa. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6.

INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York

it warms the room as it spreads to the
outer wall, so there is some saving in
heat. If you are using hot air you will
find the floor registers, though they are a
little more in the way than wall registers,
will give better satisfaction. They start
the heating right at the floor, and the
heat naturally rises from there. The wall
registers must generally be up from the
floor a little, consequently they do not
heat the floor well. And besides that,
they blacken the wall in time.

The blackening effect of heat centers
is one thing that you will find it hard to
get entire freedom from, no matter what
system you use. There may be less of it
with hot water, but there is some of it
with any heater. The furnace register is
perhaps the worst of all, for occasionally
a little smoke will find its way through
them. Yet, it is not smoke so much as
scorched dust particles that cause the
trouble, and these will just naturally
circulate around any heater, and upward
from it. For this reason avoid placing
registers or radiators by windows. It will
soil draperies hung over them, and the
window chills the hot rising air and re-
duces the heating efficience.

By observing these points, and follow-
ing the spirit, if not the exact letter of
them, you are likely to get the most out
of whatever heating system you may select
and be best satisfied with it.

THE GARDENS OF TRADITION

UPPOSING that you have any affec-

tion for your household poets or any
homely sentiment at all,’ says a writer in
the New York Evening Post,” one or two
lavendar plants will enable you to connect
your little plot with the ancient tradition
of big blooming gardens such as your
grandmother used to be seen moving
about in with her shears or coming out
of with baskets of roses. As to the flowers
for your nursery-made garden spot, you
will choose certain varieties which prom-
ise to supply you with a rotation of blos-
soms—taking care to get plants which
are timed to bloom that same year. The
first flowers after those which spring up
from bulbs are Pansies and little English
Daisies. You may arrange, say, a bed of
Pansies with a border of Daisies. One of
the showiest and readiest blooming plants
is Salvia, which, planted against the house
or along the fence, will make a scarlet
hedge all Summer and bloom until frost.
May is a good time to put it out. Ten-
week-stocks and Cockscomb are other tall
and showy plants which lend themselves
to the purpose of the commuter whose ob-
ject is to get a real garden effect about his
new place so that his first Summer will
not be the contradiction of his dreams.
These flowers, too, look well against
fences, and may be planted early in May.

Then there is Golden-Glow, which is not
only gay to look at, but comes up year
after year, while Asters of all colors, also,
though they are Fall flowers, can be got
from the nursery by the last of April. The
same is true of Cosmos and Chrysanthe-
mums.

For all-Summer blooming there is
nothing more satisfactory the Nasturtium.
There are the dwarf varieties for beds and
the wire fence background. The time for
planting these also is around the first of
May, and it does not take many plants to
make a profusion of flowers. That is not
forgetting, of course, the Geranium. Or,
if again your ideal is grandmother’s garden,
there are Petunias, Verbenas, Sweet Wil-
liam, Hollyhocks, old-fashioned Pinks and

December, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv

Phlox. Phlox and Sweet William, which
are put out in May, bloom in June. The
Pinks bloom in early Summer, the Petunias
and Verbenas bloom all Summer long.
These are merely everyday common flow-
ers—familiar inhabitants of all unpreten-
tious gardens.

QUITO’S WATER PORTERS

ROUND a fountain in one of the

principal squares of Quito assemble
every morning the city’s aguadors.
These water porters differ from the less
energetic ones of some South American
cities in carrying their jars upon their
back instead of on the backs of mules.
Their earthen jars are deep, have a wide
mouth, and hold about forty liters. The
porter carries it on his shoulder fastened
with leather straps. He never detaches
himself from his jar either to fill it or
to transfer its contents to that of his
customer. He turns his back to the foun-
tain so that the jar comes under one of
the jets of water, listens to the sound
of the water in the jar, and his ear is so ee

well trained that he always walks away |:

at the exact moment when it is filled to |} =27#:) KEK 166) ‘GUARANTEED
the brim. Arriving at the house of a cus- |: | ‘am ase PLUMBING
tomer, he goes to the household jar, :

makes a deep bow, and disappears be- | FIXTURES

hind a torrent of water. Foreigners can |.

never receive without laughing the visit sar ae Ta aes oe ES = =

of their aguador, the respectful little man = "HOSE things in your home that are to last a hea

who bows to one behind a cataract of hy

Bae oie should be the best youcan buy. For the sake of your
children—for the tastes you are developing in them, for the

CHANCE IN INVENTION S : clean lives you are training them to live—you need the beauty
====== and perfect sanitation of “Standard” Bathroom Fixtures.

EI EI SIT I SEE RAS BT a TNR SII CS

HE making of khaki, the olive-col- sea eee es ae ‘
idel d enuine ‘Standart xtures for the Home quirements of those who demand “Standard”

F oe Te eeee cloth Fr wus eet ue Z and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public quality at less expense. All “Standard”
or soldiers uniiorms the wor ONES 1 Institutions, etc., are identified by the fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
came about in a curiously haphazard |; Green and Gold Label, with the exception And no fixture is genuine wzless it bears
: * <> of one brand of baths bearing the Red and the guarantee label. In order to avoid

way. 9 a 5 5 5 F :
For years there had been furnished to Black Label, which, while of the first substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
di h quality of manufacture, have a slightly “Standard” goods in writing (not verbally)
the British troops in India a greenish- thinner enameling, and thus meet the re- and make sure that you get them.
brown cotton MEueeeL: the ehict defect
of which was that it faded when washed Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, PA.
with soap. A Manchester man, being |- New York . 3§ West 31st Street Nashville . 315 Tenth Avenue, So. London... 57-60 Holborn Viaduct
5 oe Chicago . 9005S. Michigan Ave. ewOrleans,Baronne & St.JosephSts. Houston, Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts.
told of this defect, set about to remedy \ Philadelphia. 1128 Walnut Street Montreal, Can. . 215 Coristine Bldg. San Francisco, Cal.
‘ 1 % Toronto, Can. 59 Richmond St., E. Boston 0 8 John Hancock Bldg. Merchants National Bank Building
it. For a long time he searched for an “ Pittsburgh . 106 Federal Street Louisville . 319-23 W. MainStreet Washington,D.C.. . Southern Bldg.
olive dye that would remain impervious St. Louis . 100 N. Fourth Street Cleveland . 648Huron Road,§.E. Toledo, Ohio . . 311-321 Erie Street
Cincinnati . 633 Walnut Street Hamilton, Can., 20-28 JacksonSt.W. Fort Worth, Tex.. Front and Jones Sts.

to soap or soda. Months of experimen- ce ane enenioe hae eee
tation were required to solve the prob- cae “{ fifteen a eae sec SPEC

lem. The cloth that finally resisted soap ee ai! ily 2 to Sr HM Ia’ Seer ul a

proved to have been dyed by a liquid |*- PN kate sauteed

that had rested in a metal dish of a cer-

tain kind. It was some quality of this Just Published

metal that had contributed the very qual- : Made to order—to exactly match
ity needed to insure permanence. The G d the color scheme of any room
remainder of the problem was easy. The arages an Motor aq oe SSeS Ble eros uae
khaki that we know was the result, and Boat Houses as VN to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
a most profitable industry sprang up. Net adn seinee Groin ink
Years ago a firm of printers in Paris exe- Compiled by ear camiel@ Suaicuteapertin etek
cuted an unusually large order for al- WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK come) sliort notice. Write for color card
manacs. Each sheet was punched with a @ This work contains a collection of selected designs for ee ee aes
small hole for eyeleting, and an immense both private and commercial buildings, showing the very = Oba New Workshop

number of tiny circles of colored paper latest ideas in their planning and construction.

‘ @ There are 136 illustrations of garages ard motor boat
accumulated in the workrooms. One day
a workman grabbed a handful of these houses, consisting of plans and exterior views reproduced

: .D, J from photographs.
and, in a spirit of fun, threw the bits of @ These designs have been contributed by twenty-four

paper ao a or worker who was pass- ell known architects from different sections of the United ae eet
ing. e retaliated; others followed the tates. ; SRS ;
example of the two, and a miniature @ The book is divided into five sections as follows: 2 — U Ihe Stephenson System of
snowstorm was in progress when the . Private Country and Suburban Garages. . : erground Refuse Disposal
head of the firm entered. Being a man Il. Private City Garages. __--_- Rae hein nia pe pa
of imagination, he saw “something in it.” aa Suber pan and City Public Garages. QE ee
5 ; < z otor Boat Garages. ic STEPHENSON

i aa begs aviansies age of de- V. Garage Equipment and Accessories. LTS Underground
stroying the punched-out circles of paper, : : GARBAGE AND REFUSE
he ordered new and special forms of ma- pees at andicletis eerie 10 RECEIVERS iH
chinery for turning out the little papers ‘ : Flyer’ penta) uaccprgok dis- = | es
that form so picturesque a réle in many EEE EAU coy garae, Underground Earth Closets ae

or Camps. So L t. n r circ,
festivities throughout the world. It is MUNN & CO,, Inc. 2 A oo ee aaa Ee

said that this firm alone turns out more
3 2 : C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
than sixty tons of confetti a week. pon bresdways New vere 21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

MAKE $20.00 A WEEK AND OVER
GROWING MUSHROOMS AT HOME

Quickly and easily raised in cellars, stables, sheds, caves, bi xes, ete.,
all the year. Crop sells tor $0.50 to $1.00 a lb. only snall space

Macatawa—Great New
Everbearing Blackberry

needed. Previous experience or capital not necessary. Corts little to
start, large profits; markets waiting. We can show you hoy, by us-
ing our spawn and simple directions, to make big mone) at this

Wonderful new berry fascinating occupation. Read this letter and be convinced.
of immense size—see the oa Dear Sir :—This is to let you know that the spawn I received f om you
is up and doing well. Some of my mushrooms measure about 5 inches

picture. Finest flavor.
| Cross between Giant
Himalaya Berry and
1 Eldorado Blackberry.
} Plants bloom from June
f to frost. Fruit begins to
f ripen Ist of July and can
be picked right along
¥ until October. Berries
very sweet and juicy,
with no core and hardly
any seeds. Fine for
| shipping—brings highest price. Plants begin
| bearing first year, and give great crops after-
J ward. Perfectly hardy—thrive where others
I fail. Stock limited. Strong plants, $1 each,
$5 for six: only six to a person.
Send today for 1913 Berrydale Berry Book,
containing descriptions and pictures of all the
best berries, new and old. It’s free.

across. I have had good results with both my cellar and outside bed,
having followed your instructions to the letter.
any way you see fit.

N. Brimacombe, Houghton, Mich., July 23, ’

You can use this letter

Q%>

Our long experience
at your service
Aye nyjosqe umeds ino
aazyuezens AA

A. MITTING, Berry Specialist

Trial order to plant 50 sq. ft. $2.00
will produce 50 to 100 lbs. mushrooms
We are an old and reliable concern; stand back of our spawn and help

Berrydale Experiment Gardens
Holland, Michigan

our customers to success. We teach you our methods free and tell you
how and where to sell your crop. SEND TODAY for our large
illustrated, 32 page free booklet and learn this great business.

NAT’L SPAWN & MUSHROOM CO.,. Dept. 18, BOSTON, MASS,

American Avenue,

Give. Your Plants All Thorson

You can do so by simply using the Sunlight Double Glass
Sashes on your hot-beds and cold-frames. A 56-inch layer
of dry air between the layers of glass affords ample protection.
No mats or other covering ever needed.

They let in all the light and all the heat that the sun’s rays
carry. But they never permit the stored heat to escape or the
outside cold to enter.

With these sash half the labor and cost are saved;
earlier plants secured, They give you flowers and
vegetables when they are luxuries.

Many thousands giving perfect service.

Get these two books.— One is our Free Cata-
logue; the other is Prof. Massey’s Hand-book of
Cold-frames and Hot-beds, sent for 4c. in stamps.
Sunlight Double Glass Sash Company
943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

and far better and

Plant for lmimediate Effect

Not for Future Generations
Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Fall Price List gives complete information.

ANDORRA NURSERIES 28 CHESTNUT, HILL

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

It takes many years to

KILL THE BUGS AND WORMS

The Department of Agriculture states that millions of dollars’ worth of fruit and vegetables are
destroyed every year in the United States by injurious bugs and worms. Our spraying devices afford
the newest and most effective means of killing these pests on trees or vegetables. Complete illustrated
A\ catalogue sent free for a postal. Write today.

“The WHY and HOW of ORCHARD SUCCESS”

is a handsome new book that will be found helpful by everyone who raises fruit or vegetables. It
=;| tells how to graft and prune; how to prevent mold, mildew, scale, scab, etc. It is a regular mine of
{| information. The book is yours for 50 cents. Send for it today.

102 Grand Avenue, Elmira, N. Y.

Wizard

Brand Sheep Manur
Dried and Pulverized #%

Landscape Gardening

250-page Catalogue Free

Write to-day

Prof. Craig
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass.

GROWING HORSERADISH

HE following method of raising and

marketing horseradish is given by the
American Agriculturist: Although the
horseradish is a perennial it will continue
to grow imdefinitely if some of the roots
are left in the ground. It is usually treated
as an annual when raised in commercial
gardening. It is most profitable as a
second crop, following beets, cauliflower
or early cabbage. Only the main root is
used for market, the small rootlets bemg
broken off and preserved for planting.

The upper part of each set should be cut
straight and the lower part slanting so that
they may be planted right end up. Of
course, they will grow anyhow, but they
will make a more satisfactory crop if
planted properly. The sets may be stored
for the Winter in a cellar or in pits out of
doors. It is a good thing to sprinkle sand
between them to prevent heating. While
the crowns of the plants may be reset and
will grow, they do not produce a very satis-
factory crop of roots for market and will
not pay for replanting.

The sets are planted between rows of
cabbage or cauliflower in holes eight or ten
inches deep made with a light crowbar.
They are covered two or three inches deep.
If they are not set deeply they are likely
to come up too soon and interfere with
cultivating and harvesting the first crop.

QUEER MANX LAWS

HE Isle of Man, says Harper's

Weekly, presents many curious fea-
tures, none of which are more curious
than its laws. For instance, the legisla-
ture is called the House of Keys and was
in other times a judicial body charged
with the duty of interpreting the laws.
Any person so bold as to slander this
House of Keys was liable not only to a
fine in the amount of £10, but to the loss
of both his ears. Two deemsters were
once appointed to execute the laws which
before the year 1417 were uncodified, and
these were known as Breast laws, for
the reason that they were imparted to
the deemsters in secret, to be kept by
them within the secrecy of their own
breasts as long as they chose or during
their whole service, though they were au-
thorized to impart and explain to the
populace as much of these special laws
as should at any time seem wise and ex-
pedient. Certain of the Manx laws, as
set down after the codification, are ex-
tremely quaint. Here are a couple of
extracts from the Manx legal rulings:
“Tf a man steal a horse or an ox it is no
felony, for the offender cannot hide them;
but if he steal a capon or a pig he shall
be hanged.” “In case of theft, if it amount
to the value of six pence halfpenny, it
shall be felony and death to the offender ;
and under that value to be whipped or
set upon a wooden horse which shall be
provided for such offenders.” The arms
of the Isle of Man, which, though it may
sound like an Irish bull to say so, are
legs—three legs bent at the knee and
apparently kicking outward from a com-
mon center in the midst of a shield—
have provoked a number of jocular de-
scriptions, of which the best declares that
one leg spurns Ireland, one kicks at Scot-
land, and the third kneels to England. On
July 5th of every year the laws of the
Isle of Man are still read aloud to the
assembled people from the top of Tyn-
wald Hill. This is said to be the most
interesting and archaic legal ceremony
observed to-day in Europe.

December, 1912

ANCIENT. TIMEPIECES

N 1288, says the London Globe, a clock-

tower and clock were set up in Westmin-
ster at the expense of Chief Justice de
Hengham, as a punishment for falsifying
the record of a fine; and weight-clocks are
known to have been used in European mon-
astic houses as early as the Tenth Century.
It is doubtful, however, if these clocks had
a dial, face and hands. Probably they
merely sounded a bell at stated. intervals.

Sand-glasses boast an antiquity of more
than two thousand years, and although now
enjoying an honorable retirement or merely
presiding in old-fashioned kitchens over the
boiling of the breakfast egg, they formerly
had a place in almost every parish church,
where they served to keep the sermon within
reasonable bounds. At one time the hour-
glasses of superior quality contained not
sand but egg-shells, which, when finely pow-
dered and kiln-dried, were less likely to ab-
sorb moisture from the atmosphere.

Of even greater antiquity is the clepsydra,
or water-clock, which was made in several
forms. One of the simplest was the Hindu’s
copper basin, pierced with a small hole in
the bottom, which, when placed in a vessel
of water, filled and sank after a certain
established interval. More elaborate forms
were known in Europe and Egypt.

Although varying somewhat in construc-
tion, all used a “float.” The float was
placed either in a full cylinder from which
the water gradually escaped by a hole in
the bottom,—usually bored through a pearl
on account of its resistance to erosion—or
in an empty vessel to which water was
admitted from above. In both varieties the
float, falling or rising as the case might be,
pointed to the scale of hours marked on the
side of the vessel. The float sometimes
took the form of a miniature boat, in which
an outstretched oar was the pointer.

Clepsydrz such as these were used in the
Athenian courts of law, and were put in
charge of a special officer. One “water”
apiece was allowed to plaintiff, defendant
and judge. During the reading of any docu-
ment that bore upon the case the flow of
water was stopped. A clepsydra, which in
its action and appearance foreshadowed the
modern clock, carried upon its float an up-
right rod that acted on a toothed wheel,
which in turn moved a hand upon a dial.

But the precursor both of the sand glass
and the clepsydra was without doubt the
gnomon of the sun-dial; a simple rod which,
standing upright in a sunny place, measured
the passage of time by the moving shadow
that it cast upon the ground.

The earliest time-teller at all conveniently
portable was the dial-ring. Within its broad-
banded circle the hours were engraved; a
ray of sunlight falling through a small hole
in the upper side of the ring when held
erect gave the time approximately.

ELEPHANTS AND RAILWAYS

ORE than one railway train in Siam

has of late had encounters with ele-
phants, says Harpers Weekly. In two
cases the animals were killed, but in one
the train was derailed and several cars
were telescoped. Oriental cars have no
“cowcatchers,”’ for Old World engineers
generally smile at cowcatchers as devices
suitable only for what they deem to be
American conditions of traffic. It is now
observed, however, that the American de-
vice might be very serviceable in the case
of stray elephants. Cowcatchers have al-
ready been introduced on the large loco-
motives of the line between Damascus
and Mecca in anticipation of possible
collisions with camels.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

)

\
‘

iuiszT ji
>

LS
07

SA59

at YOUR comma

Ra
=

i:
RSS SINS EP
SNe a ee ee

i\ Every Day in the

Year Happy as

Christmas
with all Music

on the

KRANICH & BACH
PLAYER PIANO

The Highest Grade Player Piano in the World

Built Completely in One Factory

Two handsome booklets and an amusing little
narrative (illustrated), entitled, “Mascagni and the
Organ Grinder,” sent postpaid to all requesting
catalog.

You can buy upon convenient monthly payments

if desired.

KRANICH & BACH
NEW YORK

Just Published

YOU can instantly play,

without practice, the most exquisite
compositions that were ever written,
with all the delicacy and fidelity of in-
terpretation that the masters intended,

g Picea Q Qe Mh JI 2p L— a, gag P< 9
SEI LEIS
\ . Z

Wil
Wy,

The Modern Gasoline Automobile

Its Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Repair

|
NWS
| Wa
iN
IN
NN:
NV
iN
N
Ny

7@ MMMM MO

By VICTOR W. PAGE, M. E.
700 (6x9) Pages. 500 Illustra ions.

Price, $2.50

gain a comprehensive knowledge of the - gasoline automobile,

front wheel brakes and many other detail refinements.

tion that will save time, money and worry.

10 Large Folding Plates

HE latest and most complete treatise on the Gasoline Automobile ever issued. Written in simple
language by a recognized authority, familiar with every branch of the automobile industry. Free
from technical terms. Everything is explained so simply that anyone of average intelligence may

i The information is up-to-date an
includes in addition to an exposition of principles of construction and description of all types of auto-
mobiles and their components, valuable money-saving hints on the care and operation of motor cars
propelled by internal combustion engines. Among some of the subjects treated might be mentioned -

‘Torpedo and other symmetrical body forms designed to reduce air resistance ; sleeve valve, rotary valve
and other types of silent motors; increasing tendency to favor worm-gear power-transmission ; universal

application of magneto ignition; development of automobile electric lighting systems; block motors;
underslung chassis; application of practical self-starters; long stroke and offset cylinder motors; latest

automatic lubrication systems ; silent chains for valve operation and change-speed gearing; the use of

By a careful study of the pages of this book one can gain practical knowledge of automobile construc-
The book tells you just what to do, how and

when to doit. Nothing has been omitted, no detail has been slighted. Every part of the automobile, its equipment,
accessories, tools, supplies, spare parts necessary, etc., have been discussed comprehensively. If you buy or intend
to become a motorist, or are in any way interested in the modern gasoline automobile, this is a book you cannot

afford to be without.

Not too Technical for the Layman—WNot too Elementary for the More Expert

MUNN & COMPANY, Inc.

Send prepaid to any address on receipt of price
A special eight page circular describing this book sent free on request

361 Broadway, New York, N.Y.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

“* Harvest” —by Vincent Aderente.

Prosperity

There has been a bumper crop.

This is because the tillers of the soil
have been industrious, and the rain and the
sun have favored their plantings.

There has been industrial activity.

The makers of things in factories have
been busy. They have had work to do
and pay for doing it.

There has been commercial success.

The people who buy and sell and fetch

and carry have been doing a lot of business
and they have been paid for doing it.

The country is prosperous because all
the people have been busy.

Good crops and good times can be en-
joyed only when the Government main-
tains peace and harmony.

This task of the Government is made
comparatively easy because the American

people have been enabled to become so
well acquainted with each other. They
know and understand one another. They
are like one family.

The producer and consumer, no matter
where they live, are close together.

This is largely due to our wonderful
facilities for intercommunication. We ex-
cel in our railways, our mails and our tele-
graphs, and, most ofall, in our telephones.

The Bell System has fourteen million
miles of wire spread over all parts of
the country. Each day there are twenty-
five million telephone talks all the way from
twenty feet to two thousand miles long.

The raiser of crops, the maker of things,
and the man of commerce, all are helped
to co-operate and work together for peace
and prosperity by means of the Universal
telephone.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One System

Universal Service

One Policy
WE wish to call attention to the fact that peer
we are in a position to render com-

Wiese services in every branch _ of

patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is
composed of mechanical, electrical and

chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- ‘a

pare and prosecute all patent applications,
irrespective of the complex nature of the
subject matter involved, or of the specialized,
technical, or scientific knowledge required
therefor.

We are prepared to render opinions as
to validity or infringement of patents, or
with regard to conflicts arising in trade-
mark and unfair competition matters.

We also have associates throughout the
world, who assist in the prosecution of
patent and trade-mark applications filed
in all countries foreign to the United
States.

MUNN & CO.,
Patent Attorneys,
361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Branch Office:
625 F Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

We We we We

American Homes and Gardens
and Scientific American sent to

one address for one year. $ 6

REGULARLY

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, published monthly at New York,
N. Y., required by the Act of August 24, 1912.
. Ballers Gardner C. Teall, post-office address 361 Broadway, New York,

Managing Editor, Gardner C. Teall, post-office address 361 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Business Managers, Charles Allen Munn, post-office address, 361 Broad-
way, New York, N. Y., and Frederick C. Beach, post-office address 361
Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Publishers, Munn & Co., Inc.,
York, N. Y.

Owner: (if a corporation, give names and addresses of stockholders
holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of stock) Charles A. Munn,
Orange, N. J.; Frederick C. Beach, Stratford, Conn.; Jennie B. Gasper,
30 West 53rd Street, New York, N. Y.; Margaret A. Beach, Stratford,
Conn.; Annie E. Munn, 281 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. (in
trust); Orson D. Munn, 40 East 62d Street, New York, N. Y. (in trust);
Augusta Munn Tilney, Orange, N. J. (in trust).

Known bondholders, mortgages and other security holder, holding 1 per
cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: No
bondholders, mortgages or other security holders.

(Signed) MUNN & CO., Inc.
Frederick C. Beach, Treas.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this first day of October, 1912.

(Seal) Purzip D. ROLLHAUS,

Notary Public, Kings County, No. 120. Certificate filed in the Office of the

Clerk of New York County. (My commission expires March 30, 1913. )

post-ofhce address 361 Broadway, New

December, 1912

THE CHILD’S WORK

F parents treated play as they often

treat work,” says the Youth’s -Compan-
ion, “children would dislike the play quite
as much as they seem to dislike the work.
If at six o’clock in the morning a father
ordered his ten-year old son ‘to get up
quickly and come down to his baseball in
the same tone in which he sometimes calls
him to work; if he sent him out after break-
fast to play baseball till noon, and if he kept
him batting ‘flies’ all the afternoon day after
day, the boy would soon prefer to dig
potatoes.

“Every child is happy at work. This
does not mean, however, that he is happy at
work planned for him by some one else,
especially by an adult who has authority to
compel him to do it, but it does mean that
he will work to carry out his own plans
quite as joyously as he plays.

““Oh, yes!’ you say. “We admit ‘that if
you allow: him to do what he likes to do, he
will not get tired; but he wont stick to one
kind of work.’

“Why should he stick to one kind of work
when in this wonderful world there are so
many interesting things to do? He is not
learning persistence or developing will-pow-
er now, that child of yours. He is in a
great, new, marvelous world, and he is
learning every day new ways to transform
it to suit his own plans. It is often better,
therefore, that he should try ten different
kinds of work in a day than only nine, be-
cause he would thus respond to ten vital
interests and perform ten kinds of trans-
forming, instead of only nine.

“A lady told of her discouragement: ‘My
girl is fourteen years old. Her interests
change too often. She does not finish things.
This Spring she told me that she intended
to write a history of the United States dur-
ing the Summer holidays. She asked me to
keep her secret from her father, so that she
might surprise him when her work was
completed. She worked enthusiastically for
six weeks, reading several histories that
were in our town library, and others that
she asked me to get in New York. She
wrote a great deal, and then suddenly gave
up the plan, and I cannot get her to take
any further interest in it. What should I
do?’ ‘Let the girl alone,’ was the answer,
‘and be profoundly thankful that her enthu-
siasm lasted six weeks. Do you think a
girl of her age could write a history of any
real value? When she is forty she may do
so, and do so because of the interest devel-
oped by her concentration of six weeks.’

“Tt is not the achievement of the child
that is of value; it is the developing of the
child’s achieving and transforming and pro-
ductive tendency. The parent’s duty is to
provide for the child as many kinds of ma-
terial adapted to his stage of development as
possible.”

THE CARE OF BOOKS

ERSONS about to install new li-

braries, or those who find their books
in bad condition, will be glad of the ad-
vice offered on this subject by a writer in
Les Annales. Glass cases should always
be avoided, except for a few precious vol-
umes which are specially looked after
and frequently dusted, since the confined
atmosphere and lack of air-circulation in
such bookcases is favorable to the de-
velopment of germs, insects and mold.
Secondly, the simple precaution should be
taken of placing on the shelves behind
the books strips of cloth or flannel moist-
ened with benzine, phenol, tobacco juice
or turpentine. These strips give excellent
results if renewed from time to time.

December, 1912

ASTIN

ae a

THE JANUARY NUMBER OF AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS

ITH the January, 1913, number, AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS will enter upon its tenth volume. ‘The

plans completed for the contents of the magazine through-
out the coming year assure the maintenance of its enviable
position as the magazine par excellence in the field of pub-
lications devoted to the interests of the American home-
builder and home-maker. No other magazine of its sort
surpasses it for excellence of text and beauty of illustration,
and the widespread interest in it shown by readers through-
out the country has been a source of gratification to the
Editor and to the publisher alike.

HE Cost of Furnishing a Small House” will be the

title of an article of great interest by a practical deco-
rator and artist, Miss Ida J. Burgess. This article will
take up the matter of itemized costs and will be adequately
illustrated. ‘“‘The Practical Treatment of an Abandoned
Farmhouse” will be described by Miss Mary H. Northend,
and the photographic reproductions accompanying it depict
beautiful interiors. The plans for this house will be shown,
as also will the plans for other house articles in this num-
ber, among which will be “Krisheim Cottage at St. Mar-
tin’s,”’ described by Harold Donaldson Eberlein, and “A
Long Island Farmhouse,” described by Robert H. Van
Court. The subject of Floriculture will receive its share of
attention in “The Begonia,” an authoritative article on Be-
gonia culture by F. F. Rockwell. The double-page illustra-
tion feature for January will present various types of bal-
conies suited to different styles of architecture. An article
on “The House Dog”’ by T. C. Turner will be one of the
best dog articles of the year. This will be beautifully illus-
trated by photographic reproductions of the various breeds
of dogs of the “‘house’”’ sort. The various departments,
“Within the House,” “Around the Garden,” and ‘Helps to
the Housewife,” will be continued throughout 1913. The
covers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS have continued
to attract much attention during the past year and the series
selected for 1913 is equally beautiful.

HAT few gifts could be more appreciated by anyone

interested in home-making—and what true American is
not?—than AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS from month
to month will suggest itself to many of the magazine’s read-
ers who are now planning their Christmas surprises, and to
their lists they will probably add one or more annual sub-
scriptions as being most appropriate gifts.

SCHOOLS AS EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS

HE schoolhouse as an employment office, says the
U.S. Consular and Trade Reports, is the most recent
proposal in the movement for the wider use of the school
plant, according to information received at the United
States Bureau of Education. Prof. John R. Commons, a
member of the Wisconsin Industrial Commission, proposes

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix

asst ZAIN NIN poses

&
=

—~

using the schoolhouse as a labor exchange. He believes
that the school, acting as a branch of the children’s depart-
ment of the employment office, should be made to help re-
duce the maladjustment of occupations that is now a crying
evil. ‘Records of children’s aptitudes should be kept in
school. Teachers can best tell what the child is good for;
and they should direct the children into the most promising
occupations.” It should be said that this principle is already
partially recognized by public authorities. The vocation
bureau of the city of Boston aids in directing the future
occupation of children in the schools. In Ohio the truant
officer is required by a recent statute to keep on file a list
of the children between the ages of 14 and 16 who have
received school certificates and desire employment; pros-
pective employers are to have access to this list.

THE STREET IMPROVEMENT IDEA

HE Fifth Avenue Association, the largest civic organ-

ization in New York, represents a movement that should
have every encouragement, a movement that should be taken
up by civic improvement workers throughout the country.
Every city and large town in America has a “‘Main”’ street,
the principal business thoroughfare, whatever its name may
be. Inthe whirl of competition, or in the lethargy of merely
grinding out a living, our main streets the counting over
have become, to a great extent, disfigured by ugly signs, pro-
jections, garish showcases, wooden Indians, barber poles and
the like until this commercial hodgepodge has been permit-
ted to make one forget that even the business section of a
city should be and can be an orderly, attractive and livable
quarter. In our hurry we have permitted our business thor-
oughfares to become perennial eye-sores, junk avenues of
commercial, instead of commercial avenues of attractive-
ness. Fifth Avenue has been called ‘‘the finest business
street in America,” and a few years ago Mr. Robert Grier
Cooke, of New York, called together a number of public
spirit business men and proposed the formation of a civic
betterment organization to be known as the Fifth Avenue
Association, whose purpose it should be to maintain,
through action awakened by arousing public interest, the
beauty of the Avenue, which, at that time, was quickly be-
coming disfigured by the encroachment of gaudy signs, and
all the accomplishment to the careless and thoughtless push-
ing of the commercial idea which was untempered with any
consideration for public welfare. In the few years of
its existence the New York public has been made aware of
the invaluable service this movement has rendered the integ-
rity of its civic appearance, and the Editor hopes that its
example will inspire the formation in other cities and towns
in America of like avenue and street associations. Not only
our houses should be our homes, but our cities should be
beautiful and homelike as well. Every American city’s main
street ought, in the measure of its opportunities, to be just
as attractive to the citizen as the Rue de la Paix in Paris
or Under den Linden and the Friederichstrasse in Berlin.

x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

lead in style and appointment. They havea longer
yuh thing wheel base,—a larger body with more spacious
* interiors and luxurious upholstering. Dropped
frame. Enclosed Fenders—Auxiliary Rain Vision
Shield. Tires, — special pneumatic. or Motz
Cushion. On exhibition in all principal cities.

The Rauch & Lang Carriage Co., 2180 W. 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio

EDWARDS
Frernoor GARAGES
STEEL For Automobiles and Motorcycles
= $30 to $200
N | Easy to put up. Portable.
SN S All sizes. Postal brings
= & : latest illustrated catalog.

THE EDWARDS MFG. CO., 205-255 Eggleston Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio
SI IAS SS Na

SU A Beautiful, Illustrated Book-
let,

DIAL

“WHERE SUN DIALS
ARE MADE,” sent upon
request. Estimates furnished.

Any Latitude Ask for Booklet No. 5
E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York

Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

MODEL EE TOURING CAR

5-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase
$900 f.0.b. Detroit

R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich.

See it at local branch in all large cities

Just Published

Motion Study

A Method for Increasing the
Efficiency of the Workman
By FRANK B. GILBRETH

@ This is a scientific investigation of the conditions govern-
ing the number of motions made by workers, and the
methods of reducing this number. The author has dis-
covered that many factors, such as physique, race,
nationality, early training, nutrition, tools and appliances,
have a bearing on the subject, and these various influences
are discussed in the order of their importance. He shows |
that the manner of supplying the workman with his raw
material has an important bearing on the number of mo-
tions made. Since fatigue will influence greatly the |
methods of doing work, it is important that the raw ma- |
terial be placed in a position which will require the least |
} number of motions to transport it to its final position, thus
producing the least fatigue which is proportionate to the |
| number of motions made.
@ The book is concisely written and should be studied
by every manager and employer of labor who is interested
in reducing labor cost.
@ 12 mo, 5% x 734 inches, 135 pages, 44 illustrations.

Price $2.00, Postpaid

MUNN & CO., Inc.

361 Broadway, New York

CLINCH right through the

standing seam of metal

roofs. No rails are needed
unless desired. We makea
similar one for slate roofs.

Send for Circular
Berger Bros. Co.

PHILADELPHIA

IR AND PROTECTION!

Ventilate your rooms, yet have your
windows securely fastened with

The Ives Window
Ventilating Lock

assuring you of fresh air and pro-
tection against intrusion. Safe
and strong, inexpensive and easily
applied. Ask your dealer for them

&8-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free.

THE H. B. IVES CoO.

Sare Manuracturere oo. NEW HAVEN, CONN.

THE SQUIRREL

HE squirrel is one of the most inno-
| ieee and faithful of animals, and the
husband of one wife even in Turkey,
where he is found domesticated, as in
China, Norway, Brazil, Siberia, on the
banks of the Ganges, and in the Congo,
according to a writer in Harper's Weekly.
Nothing maternal can exceed the mother
squirrel’s tenderness for her young. They
will dance with her in the woods, and
assist in the search for nuts. Frolicking
at their task, mother and father lay in
the Winter stores. Their larder is full
of seeds, grain and nuts, and is situated
in the hollow of a tree or under the
snow in a mossy hollow. As long as there
is anything to be found in the woods the
careful parents shun the larder, and ow-
ing to their prudence their provisions
last until the woods again yield tribute.
The squirrel is not satisfied with one
hiding-place; he hides his provisions
everywhere, and he is one of the best of
foresters, for the nuts and seeds hidden
by him and forgotten grow into trees.
He is a skilful architect. The nest that
he plaits with little twigs is well made.
The entrance is perpendicular and nar-
row and sheltered from the storms by a
leafy cone. It is so nearly the color of
the tree trunk that it is almost imper-
ceptible. In some countries the squirrel’s
nest is a burrow provided with five or six
exits by which the tenant can escape from
unwelcome visitors. The flying-squirrel
is found chiefly in the forests of Norway
and Lapland, but even there it is rare. It
feeds on the buds of the pine and birch
trees, and on wild seeds. Its “flying”
members are two membranes which serve
as a parachute at the moment of flying.

ELIMINATING DISTURBING NOISES
FROM THE TELEPHONE

CCORDING to the German periodical

Umschau, a Swedish engineer named
Saxenberg has invented an effective device
for eliminating, or at any rate greatly di-
minishing, adventitious noises in telephone
conversation. The device consists of a
variable water-resistance. One such ap-
paratus is provided near each of the trans-
mitters, and the person speaking can, by
adjusting the electrodes in the water re-
sistance, regulate conditions to such effect
that secondary noises are reduced to a
minimum.

POISON IVY

HE Poison Ivy, Rhus toxicodendron, is

the cause of much discomfort and suf-
fering as everyone knows. Forest and
Stream recommends the following treat-
ment for its effects:

“Since the fact has been established that
ivy-pOisoning is mainly due to the oily sub-
stance carried by the pollen of poison-oak,
ivy and sumac, men of science have found
a remedy. This is the judicious use of
soap, water and alcohol.

Dr. Thomas A. Berryhill, medical in-
spector of the United States Navy, is
authority for this statement. When the in-
fection first appears, he says, the parts
should be washed vigorously with hot water
and soap, then dried. Some time after-
ward, flushing with alcohol follows. That is
the treatment, and he says it is very ef-
fective.

Many persons seem to be immune from
ivy, oak and sumac poisoning, while others
assert that they are often poisoned in pass-
ing close to leeward of one of these plants.
This is not only possible, but probable dur-

ing the warm season, when the pores of the
skin are open. The infinitesimal globules
of oil from the plant, carried by the pollen
through the air, adhere to the exposed
cuticle of human beings, and even to their
clothing, in the latter case possibly to be
absorbed on contact. If the oil of the ivy,
which is soluble in alcohol, is once re-
moved, and the affected parts soothed and
coated slightly with alcohol residue, heal-
ing takes place rapidly.

Frequently persons are poisoned through
putting on a sweater or a pair of gloves
that have some time previously been
brought into contact with vine or shrub.
Dr. Berryhill gives such an instance which
is interesting. A lieutenant applied to him
for treatment for a rash that appeared on
his hands while on board ship far out at
sea. The physician diagnosed it as Rhus-
poisoning, improbable though that ap-
peared to be. Finally the lieutenant re-
membered that a few’ days before the rash
appeared he had donned clothing which he
had previously worn while ashore on a
shooting excursion. The alcohol treatment
removed the ailment, and so confirmed the
doctor’s diagnosis.

Among many persons the belief prevails
that ivy-poisoning affects the blood, and
that recurrences of the malady affect them
annually. That is nonsense. The affection
is nothing more than a rash, an irritation
of the skin, but one which is extremely
painful to those who are easily affected
by it. Bathing the hands and face with
alcohol is for these persons a possible re-
lief from poisoning if they have exposed
themselves to the influence of the plants.

COOK-BOOKS AND LITERATURE

HE woman who likes to read cook-
books is held up to scorn in several re-
cent novels as a prosaic person, who lacks
taste, sentiment and ideas, and who is
clearly unfitted for any high destiny,” says a
writer in the Youth’s Companion. “But if
a general census of feminine likings were
taken, the chances are that nine out of every
ten sensible women would be found to take
pleasure in reading a well-arranged cook-
book. What is more engaging than turn-
ing over the pages of yellowed old family
recipes, rich in promise of delicious things,
and written in the flowing yet delicately
precise hand that was characteristic of the
gentle mid-Victorian ladies? What really
womanly heart does not thrill at the chance
of looking through the “Widdowe’s Treas-
ure” and the “Accomplisht Cook,” both
published in the earlv Seventeenth Century,
or does not long for the opportunity of test-
ing the receipts of Archestratus of Gela,
who lived and ate and celebrated his eating
in the time of the younger Dionysius?”
Cook-books are not to be despised. AlI-
though they are not literature themselves,
they are not widely separated from it.
Balzac and Brillat-Savarin were enthusias-
tic readers of them; in Thackeray’s “Irish
Sketch-Book” you can find an excellent
rule for “hot lobster,” in other words, the
American “lobster Newburg,” and in one
of the plays of the younger Dumas, a recipe
for a delicious and elaborate salad. Not
every man can bestow the order of the
cordon bleu, as Louis XV did, but any
average husband will appreciate his wife’s
culinary abilities and praise her becomingly.
If “civilized man cannot live without
cooks,” the thing to do is to read and try,
and read and try again. Ruskin says that
“Cookery means the knowledge of Medea
and of Circe and of Helen and of the
Queen of Sheba.”

ake | 9 Zeger

SOME NTS FOR DECEMBER, 1.912

Tue Sun DIAL ON THE GARDEN Lawn oF “THe Hepces” at ROSEMONT ........ Frontispiece
Winrin: “Pr ElepGes: Ag ROSEMONT. ..........:.- By Harold Donaldson Eberlein AII
I TO CRSTROSSS. e188 of bat ek ooh ir Ca i a By Agnes Boss Thomas 416
EUNERIOUP SHU WIODPPS i i. soto. es wu sie eos ee oad: By Robert H. Van Court 420

J \KVASISC) SOLOISTS “SH OI10) (Ol te aa ea a By Katharine Lord 423
(O} (CTS TENTS COIS) DILIETeY ST BINT A EAA) 5c ed ar oe 426-427

A oust ar Newron, MASsACHUSETTS........:..-..+-+.: By Mary H. Northend 428
OWN ORGROWeIMIUSHROOMS a0 crs nt!hns wv sha vee ese tens By William Hosea Ballou 431
| DOMESTIC ARIES sty Gia alo eee aim eee ee re a By Berwyn Converse A435
WITHIN THE House:

Mifrep slallwbysech 20 cee. stpk een pois eb ow ake he ak By Harry Martin Yeomans 438
AROUND THE GARDEN:

DYecemivenmancbcnes Gardena, 62 isa e aS ols hice ee chic oe dee See oe 440
HELPs To THE HouseEwIrFE:

Sitnistiiciom GivAM omen, fs sou elon ole ve 6 wa bw ede ws By Elizabeth Atwood 442
. The “Fancy” Fowls New Books The Editor’s Notebook

CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH
President MUNN & CO. , Inc. Secretary and Treasurer
Publishers
361 Broadway, New York

9.20

Ke)

ow
SSS

responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted
Boe : ZLOsaN eens =
LED rococo) (EBS fet ccocgocco fe

Photograph by T. C. Turner
The sun dial on the garden lawn of ‘““The Hedges’’ at Rosemont, one of the most picturesque country homes in Pennsylvania

Se
=
Sa

Within

“The Hedges’

AMERICAN’ &
HOMES AND GARDENS

1912

at Rosemont

A House whose Prototype was an Old Pennsylvania Barn with a Heavy-Pillared Overshoot

By Harold Donaldson Eberlein
Photographs by T. C. Turner

a) EIN called it a combination of old
4g|| barn and pergola, which may have been right
4|| enough as to its likeness to an old barn—its
barn parentage 1s plainly traceable; the
pergola idea is imagination pure and simple
and without foundation. The subject of
this description, a house at Rosemont, near Philadelphia, is
a veritable cabinet of pleasant surprises from the millstone

The ground on which “The Hedges’”’

doorstep—rather let us be truthful and say from the first
glimpse of its chimneys—to the unexpected, half-hidden
vista between hedges into the lily garden at the rear, or
what for convention’s sake is called the rear, though why a
house should have any particular front or back it is hard
to see unless it be, as one architectural wag suggested, that
it is well to have a front so that you may know just where
it is and then you can escape from it more easily. It is

grew is a gentle declivity

412

ee ERSTE ses
Lawn front of ‘“The Hedges”’
only fair to say, in this case, that even though ‘The
Hedges” does labor under the disadvantage of having a
front, it is a very delightful front and almost as attractive
as the back.

One of the pleasantest features about it all is that the
house and its surroundings are the outcome of intelligent
and amicable co-operation, as such things should be, be-
tween architect and client. The architect, Charles Barton
Keen, has felicitously incorporated the ideas and prefer-
ences of the owners from foundation stone to ridgepole and
the ideas and preferences, let it be understood, were well
worth while. Adjustment of little personal fancies in the
fabric of a house is like the fitting of a coat to the comfort
of the wearer; it may look as well without, but it will never

eee 8

rat «

coer aap ipa age
CRE i

The living-room,

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

showing the great rug almost covering its floo

December, 1912

be as satisfactory
to the person that
has to live ‘neat,
But it is time to
drop generalities
and get at once to y
the particulars of | // ecru
portrayal.

The ground on
ele ly 9 9 10 lor
Hedges” grew is a
gentle declivity
that, with acknowl-
edgements to
Caesar for the use
of his phraseology,
“slopes toward the
north and west’’ so
that uchenairennoon Ground floor plan of ‘“The Hedges”
sun floods all the road front and one end with a deluge of
light and makes the high, square-clipped privet hedges cast
long shadows in the garden behind the house. A lusty
hedge of privet shields the property from the road and
gives all the privacy one wishes without obscuring the char-
acter of the structure from passers-by. Nestling in a setting
of greenery, just enough is visible to whet the wayfarer’s
curiosity and make him wish to see more. Entering the
gate, a long straight privet bordered lane stretches away
past the side of the house to the stable and garage.

At the lower end of the place, where the land dips
rapidly, a wild hedgerow forms the boundary. Eleven

| DINING AooHW

Living ROOM

fies BET

December, 1912

years ago, when the
house was built, a
post and rail fence
adorned the bound-

ainy Nite hovel
though bucolic
enough in char-

acter, was not par-
ticularly pleasant to

|
|
|

look upon. A per-
fectly trimmed and
orderly hedge

would have looked
too prim and not
at all as though it
belonged in the
fields, so the master

fee]
and mistress. of

Second floor plan of ““The Hedges” “The Hedges” hit

upon the happy plan—worthy of emulation in like condi-
tions—of setting out a wild hedgerow with everything in
it from weeping willows to bramble bushes. Upwards of
three hundred different kinds of things went into that
hedgerow, all things that. were collected near by, and grew
like mad. The willows are now tall trees, lower in due
gradation are dogwoods, sassafras and Judas trees, while
beneath them is a tangled riot of blackberries, thorns, and
a formidable array of wildlings too numerous to mention.
The result has entirely justified the experiment. The
hedgerow never needs any attention, it furnishes a succes-
sion of blooms and varied foliage throughout the year, it

LEO ROIN

Res Sat. 3 eS
a
z

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

EX BOSTENIPT:

The dining-room is one of the most attractive

413

The broad porch overlooking the gardens
doesn’t suggest a Nuremburg toy-shop origin by its precise
angularity and it does look as though it entirely belonged
in the place it fills.

Outwardly, as already stated, the house suggests a barn,
one of the roomy old Pennsylvania type with massive round
white pillars supporting the overshoot. The rough-cast
walls of glistering white throw the green of the hedges and
all the planting into high relief while they themselves in
turn are relieved and softened by the verdure. Along the
road front the house shows a long unbroken pitch roof with
ample eaves projecting over a range of broad windows on
the second floor. The second floor in turn juts out beyond
the first. [he brick-paved porch, whose floor is on a level
with the lawn, instead of having a solid roof, has staunch

PPAR

PRESENT

rooms in the house

414

rafters spanning the space between
the thick white pillars and the over-
hang, while upon them is built a
trellis over which clamber Crimson
Ramblers in riotous profusion,
Honeysuckle and Virginia Creeper.
In June when this living covering is
ablaze with burning-hued bloom,
outlined against the white back-
ground, the sight beggars words.
The Rose vines and the Honeysuckle
overhead, although the sunlight
filters through in playful patches on
the floor, give the porch plenty of
shade without shutting off the air
or darkening the lower rooms and
altogether make a pleasant variant
from a solid roof which is apt to
be stuffy.

A doorway that it would take
something more than “‘the full of
a door of a man’”’ to fill opens into
a spacious hall that runs quite
across the house to a door opposite,
from which one steps out into the
broad_ porch. overlooking the
gardens. At each end of the house
great outstanding brick chimneys rise like twin sentinels and
contribute an air of massive solidity to the whole structure.
Half way between the ground and their tops, on their outer
faces, appear the black iron S plates’ of tie-rods which, by
their quaint piquancy, enhance the charm of the stack’s pro-
portions. Each chimney is surmounted by three or more
red earthenware chimney pots shaped for all the world like
bean-pots, so much so in fact that one irreverent but
original member of the family would forswear its present
name, ‘“The Hedges,” and call the place ‘“The Bean-pots.”

On the front away from the road—the back, if you insist

“ty ht

“At th

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The brick-paved porch, whose floor is on a level with

the lawn, instead of having a solid roof has staunch

rafters spanning the space between the thick white
pillars and the overhang

end farthest from the house is a rectangular Lily pool, against a bank of shrubbery of great beauty

December, 1912

on calling it so—the slope of the
roof, descending all the way to the
eaves above the first floor, is broken
at several points by windows so set
in that their tops project but little be-
yond the general surface and the
outline is not disturbed by fussy,
popping dormers. On this side the
second floor projects beyond the
first by the width of a whole room
and is supported on more of the
robust but tapering round barn
piers that are so characteristic of
the house. ‘The space beneath this
overshoot, this overhanging story,
is paved with brick and makes a de-
lightful outdoor living-room. From
this point the view over the gardens,
beyond the hedges, past the Lom-
bardy poplars that rear their
slender shafts behind a wall of
privet and across a wide expanse of
rolling, billowy countryside makes
one feel that they really own the
county. ‘To cast eye and mind over
these miles of the old Welsh
Barony—all the land about was
once a part of that famous tract—when Autumn’s golden
haze has wrapped the fields or when a gray November sky,
whirling with scudding rack, sends down a freshening breeze
that seems the breath of untamed Cambrian spirits of the
upper air and calls up wild Gaelic memories of legendary
things, brings a rare delight that words cannot utter. One
cannot dwell too strongly on the value of such an outlook
for, after all, the view we have from our windows is just
as real an asset, albeit heaven has bestowed it upon us even
without the asking, as the actual fabric of our dwellings for
which we have usually spent much good coin of the realm.

BAI RASS I GARDE OTE IE NNN

December, 1912

The shutters at ‘The Hedges’
add a special charm of their own
because of their refreshing sim-
plicity. They are of the plainest
batten type without the least sug-
gestion of ornament, save the little
heart shaped openings near the top,
while the bolts and sockets are of
heavy oak whose natural color
stands out boldly against the white
of the rest of the woodwork. With
such shutters, of course, it is need-
less to say that the windows are not
made of French plate glass, but of
panes of proper size and in suf-
ficient number to prove their Eng-
lish ancestry so that you feel you
are really looking at a window and
not merely at a glazed hole in the
wall.

In the treatment of the hedges on
the place a due balance has been
kept between formality and _ in-
formality. The hedgerow at the
lower end of the grounds, as men-
tioned before, has been allowed to
run wild and be a law unto itself; the hedges enclosing the
gardens and near the house, where a note of formality is
needed to bridge the gap between man’s building and Dame
Nature’s handiwork, are square-cropped and trim.

Another refreshing bit of informality is to be found in
the wild garden in an out of the way corner that it would
have been foolish to mow and make into a lawn. Here
Violets and Poppies, Asters and Tiger Lilies and all the host
of wildings, of hue intense or tender, run rampant in their
successive seasons and are a real delight to all that love a
touch of coloring and form wantoning in native freedom.
Passing from the wild garden, along a grass walk back of

bh
LLL ELE EAE AG sd Sit he fi ee

In the treatment of the hedges on the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The shutters add a special charm of their own because
of their refreshing simplicity

place a due balance has been kept between formality and informality

415

a tall hedge, we come between
wide borders where Peonies and
Rose bushes fill no little space while
plants of humbler habit cluster
round their feet. Back of the Roses
and Peonies masses of Hollyhocks,
Foxgloves and Larkspurs lift their
scores of spear-like shafts of gorge-
ous color skyward.

At the upper end of this gaily
bordered path an arched opening
through the hedge admits to the en-
closure at the foot of the terrace
leading up to the pillared brick-
paved porch under the overhang. At
the end farthest from the house is a
rectangular Lily-pool with a thick
bank of Rose bushes back of it.
Along the hedge on one side is a
border full of hardy plants, among
them two or three kinds of Meadow
Rue brought in from the wild and
tamed for its filmy grace. Garden-
ing at ““The Hedges” is thoroughly
consistent with the spirit of the
house. The house was patterned
after an old Pennsylvania barn and its occupants therefore
determined that it was fitting to have in the garden only
such flowers as would grow without effort in the dooryard
of an old Pennsylvania farmhouse and they have stuck to
their resolution despite the manifold allurements of all
manner of seductive exotics. How wise they have been a
glance at the garden will prove.

In the middle of this privet pleasaunce is a sun dial set on
a pedestal rising from the center of an old, worn mill-stone
that came from Gulf Mills nearby and doubtless once
helped to grind corn for Washington’s army when it spent

(Continued on page 444)

“ [oS riehras

AMERICAN HOMES AND

GARDENS

December,

Nestling in the heart of the Green Mountains of Vermont is ‘‘Muckross,’’ one of its most interesting estates

Muckross

By Agnes Boss Thomas

mystic Black River on the North, is secreted
one of the most unique, as well as the most
4|| retired estates of New England. For al-
though ‘‘Muckross,” as it is called by its
owner, William D. Woolson, is accessible by a ten-minute
ride either by trolley or motor car to the quaint village of
Springfield, still it is entirely secluded by its two ridges and
deep valley which its area of 600 acres affords.

This retirement is further enforced by its five entrances,
two of which are known only to its owner and his superin-
tendent. But the main gate, located across the Black River,
is illustrative of the quiet life and even feudalistic impreg-
nability of Muckross. The door of this gatehouse is guarded
by an electric lock controlled from the distant bungalow.
As a consequence, visitors seeking admittance must first
announce their presence by the use of the telephone closet
adjoining the door. ‘Then if they are welcome, the door
immediately swings open by the same subtle agency which
winged the news of their arrival. But this is not all. For
after passing through the rustic ante-room of the gate-
house, the visitor is confronted by a steel suspension foot-
bridge, two hundred feet long, which sways thirty feet above
the river, and entrance to which is instantly communicated

to the waiting host by means of a convenient signal bell.

This air of mystery is again stimulated by the winding
path which meets the bridge and leads to the bungalow in
the glen, a distance of some two hundred feet: A walk
rich in pulsing surprises and delight; for the visitor knows
not whether the next turn of the path will swing across
one of the rustic white birch bridges which span the gurg-
ling brooks, or will unceremoniously plunge into a wooded
thicket, or twine along high, cool ledges of shadowy rocks,
with a constant chattering and final scurrying of the shy,
curious creatures everywhere about.

The bungalow itself, although refreshingly modest and
unpretentious, is strongly individual. For, as the happy,
though single host explains, it is an expression of “just a
lone man.” Even the treatment of the roof—a low, four-
gabled Japanesque structure—was built at the insistence of
the owner, although, at the time, meeting with protest from
the architect. But in a severe climate like Vermont, where
the weather is below freezing outside and the house com-
fortably warm inside, the heat from the latter melts the
snow on the roof over the house proper, which causes it to
run down to the broad jet where there is no heat under-
neath. Here it freezes, building up a ridge of ice from two
to six inches high, which sets the water back to an angle
that puts it through the shingles and down the ceiling and

December, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

417

walls inside, a result that is absolutely

measures thirteen feet by twenty-two

unavoidable with a single roof. So the
roof of the bungalow was first complete-
ly boarded, then cleated with strips run-
ning from ridge to jet. Then on this
again was laid another roof, which was
shingled. Thus the heat penetrating
the lower roof passes off through the air
space which causes a circulation over the
entire roof. This keeps it from melting
the snow on the roof proper or from
freezing at the jet, with the exception
of a thaw or a sudden change of tem-
perature, in which case it will build up
on the jet of the roof and simply run
through on the lower roof and then out
between the roofs, thus doing no dam-
age. The spandrels formed by the roof
are ornamented with the mounted heads
of four fine specimens of reindeer; and above the two en-
trances are mounted horns of Texas steers. The doors,
with trappings of hammered copper, have been left in their
natural color to weather finish.

A wide porch runs across the front of the bungalow,
then leads into a large open-air lounging-room, windowed
and screened, and this can be entirely enclosed when de-
sired. This room, which borders the side of the dwelling,

BED FOUM

Floor plan of the bungalow at

The dining-room end of the bungalow at ‘‘Muckross”’

feet. Here interesting furnishings are
introduced. ‘The low, deep easy chairs
of a dull-green tone are brightened with
red silk cushions. In the several novel
receptacles of the table which stands to
the side center is an interesting “‘bach-
elor” collection of pipes of all descrip-
tions. At either end of the room are
large red-cushioned porch-swings which
can also be used as beds. ‘hen, jutting
from the center of the thatched house-
wall, is an exceptionally well designed
fireplace built of native stone, laid dry
and bearing as a decoration aloft a rein-
deer head trophy. And smuggled here
and there in the crevices of the stones
ee ~ peep several interesting and rather un-

Muckross’” sual specimens of the little creatures
of the woods; a quaint method of naturalizing an interior.

The entire front of the floor space of the bungalow of
“Muckross” is absorbed in a spacious apartment which
measures fifteen feet by twenty-six feet; one half of this
space being a living-room, the other half the dining-room,
but so constructed that it can be divided when necessary by
attachable screens. The woodwork is a soft, dark brown
North Carolina pine, the walls having a seven-foot paneling

AMERICAN

SNS Saw SARE Skier eirle (SPO InN

Living-room end of the bungalow at “Muckross”’

finished with a foot-and-a-half wide picture railing. Above
this is a rough plaster frieze tinted in café-au-lait, which
color is also used in the beamed ceiling. ‘The floor is cov-
ered with two nine-by-twelve Indian druggets in soft ivory
grounds with figures in blue and brown. ‘The furniture is of
oak, stained a soft brown with ammonia. On the large
divan, as well as the several rockers of the living-room, are
brown leather pillows which match the upholstering of the
divan. The flat-top desk table in the center of the room
is covered in the same brown leather, fastened with copper
nails which match the hand-wrought copper handles, desk-
set and copper lamp. The fixtures for this room and the
bed-chamber, as well, are of original design—hand-wrought
copper with glass shades in brown and amber. Linen-col-
ored shades screen the windows, over which fall écru fillet
net curtains with hand-embroidered borders in a darker
brown floss, while the heavy draperies at either side are
of a soft old blue Scotch arras cloth, with flat, simple val-
ances, embroidered and appliqued in colors to bring the
tones embodied in the room and rugs together. Then, in
the center of the wall space opposite the main entrance,
hang portieres and valance which harmonize with the win-
dow draperies. ‘These portieres hide from view a bunk in
which is a spring attached to elevating cords, and on the
bottom, above several drawers, is a cushion in brown Arras
cloth. ‘Thus is made a cushion effect in the daytime and a
bed at night, with accommodations for another in the upper
berth on the elevating or depressing spring.

The dining-room half of this room is in harmony with
the other half, since it carries out the same general tone in

HOMES

AND GARDENS

December, 1912

the furnishings. From the center of the beamed ceiling
hangs a beautiful hand-wrought copper dome light, under
which is a copy of an old, round Dutch table. Around the
room are oak side chairs with seats upholstered in the same
brown leather. A plain, simple sideboard ornaments one
side of the room, while at the end are two china cabinets
which match the rest of the furniture. But distinguish-
ing the entire room are its many fine specimens of the birds
and wild creatures which were captured by the owner.
Among these are mounted trophies of bears, foxes, deer,
weasels, squirrels, partridges, and an unusually good speci-
men of a wildcat.

Opening from the living-room is the owner’s bed-cham-
ber. Here the color effect is in soft gray browns, the walls
being hung with coarse bagging. The woodwork is the same
as in the outer apartment. ‘The floor is covered with a hand-
made wool rug in an original design in browns. The furni-
ture consists of a brown-toned oak bed. On this is used a
hand-embroidered linen bedspread of original design. Then
a chiffonier of oak, trimmed with copper, over which is sus-
pended from copper chains from the cornice a large oak
mirror. Several side chairs, rockers, and a bed table com-
plete the set. The draperies are linen-colored shades,
gauzed with ecru fillet net, hand-embroidered in a dark
brown floss.

But this chamber, like the outer apartment, has a dis-
tinguishing ‘‘feature.”’ For it is here that the switchboard,
in the form of a cabinet, is located. ‘This, together with the
“Falls,” which will be explained later, are the pets and pride

‘of the owner, as, indeed, the real features of Muckross.

December, 1912

This switchboard has ammeters of the Weston type, both
for reading the current of battery on charge and discharge
and also a generator output. Also, a voltmeter with switches
to enable the potential of either the generator or battery as
a whole to be ascertained. The telephone and signaling cir-
cuits are carried in an underground, lead-covered cable,
having fourteen wires. These include the local telephone
and door-lock circuits, public telephone, and two buzzer cir-
cuits, one to give notice when the ante-room door at the
bridge opens and one giving notice of the approach of an
electric car when the latter is still a mile distant, and two
circuits in reserve for emergency use.

Underlying the bungalow is a snug and perfectly ap-
pointed stone basement with its various rooms. ~Muckross
also includes a twenty-acre farm on which live the servants.
Here cows, horses, pigs and chickens are raised side by side
with their untamed brethren. ‘Thus the estate is self-pro-
ducing, since it yields milk, butter, eggs, poultry and garden
truck, to say nothing of its fishing and wild game. But as
an incentive, all proceeds of the farm above, the current
expenses of the estate, are shared by the servants. Per-
haps it is unnecessary to mention that the yield therefrom
is truly surprising.

About a third of the acreage of Muckross is timber land,
80,000 White Pines having been set out within the first two
years of its existence, and it is anticipated that in thirty
years the timber will pay for the investment. The estate is
well stocked with game, having perhaps as its choicest asset
a hundred head of deer, which were purchased as other
cattle. Also three and a half miles of natural trout brook
with three artificial ponds stocked with native and rainbow
trout. The largest of these ponds—each of which is
equipped with canoes and rowboats—covers sixteen acres.

While the “Falls,” just below, which is five hundred -feet

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

419

from its entrance into the Black River, plunges over a nearly
vertical ledge—a distance of 114 feet. Thus, by means
of a reinforced concrete dam and a small hydro-electric plant
located nearby, the Falls furnishes sufficient power to gener-
ate electricity for lighting the bungalow, the garage across
the bridge, and out-buildings; brilliantly illumines the bridge
and paths twining about the grounds with incandescent elec-
tric lamps mounted in special weatherproof fixtures designed
especially for the purpose; operates the electric range in the
kitchen, heaters for rooms and all service water.

In asking Mr. Woolson how he happened to establish
such an unusual habitat for “just a lone man,” he replied:
“Through my love for hunting and fishing, and its conse-
quent camp life. But,’ he added, “‘since living here I’ve so
learned to love the wild creatures of the woods that I can’t
kill them as I used to. Perhaps this is due to an experience
I had after my first purchase of deer. For I was just re-
turning from a day’s hunting when a young doe, appearing
in the flat beyond, was such a pretty shot that I up and fired.
She fell. But when I reached her she raised her head and
looked at me with such a piteous pleading in her soft eyes
that it sickened me, and particularly as I further witnessed
the heart-gripping grief of her mate. And I resolved then
and there never again to kill merely for the ‘sport.’ And
for months after I wouldn’t look at a gun. Until now,” and
Mr. Woolson smiled benignly, ‘it has become nothing less
than an ambition to so woo these shy creatures that event-
ually they will not flee at my coming, but will recognize me
as their friend and protector.” This growth of tenderness
for animals is not exactly the record borne by St. Francis
d’ Assisi or Henry Thoreau, as they always had the faculty
of charming the wild denizens of wood, air and water, so
that they came to their hands; a power which may yet fall
to the master of Muckross in his weaponless sylvan tramps.

A wide-covered porch runs across the bungalow at “Muckross”’

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

SSS eS STERN SAE SS

December, 1912

ee $

Model of an antique ship, worked out to reduced scale in all details

Antigue Ship Models

By Robert H. Van Court
Photographs by T. C. Turner and Others

HERE is no chapter of history more fas-
cinating than that in which are written the
achievements of the men who go down to
sea in ships. The story begins with the days
when Egypt, Greece or Phenecia ruled the
ee sea, or as much of the ocean as was then
known. Then the proud galleys of imperial Rome had their
long day, and the time most brilliant of all was during the
later centuries, when Venice ruled the Mediterranean and
when the navies of France, Spain, England and Holland
contended for supremacy upon the high seas, when the
pride of Spain went down before the power of England in
the sixteenth century or when, in the seventeenth century,
the Dutch Admiral Van Tromp swept insolently up and
down the English Channel. ‘Those were the days when
the achievements and victories of armies upon the land ap-
peared extremely trivial compared with the attainments of
navies upon the water.
Much of the romance of these and other picturesque days
is expressed by the models of vessels of different periods
of history which grateful seamen have offered at shrines
and altars after rescue from the perils of the deep. In

cathedrals, churches and chapels in Norway, Sweden and
other countries upon the Baltic the model vessels hang sus-
pended from the ceiling, placed there by fishermen and
mariners as tokens of thanksgiving for escape from ship-
wreck, and the church upon the little island of Heligoland
in the North Sea is filled with them. This is but one form
of expression of the same spirit which existed in earlier
centuries, for the temple of Neptune in Rome was hung
with the sea-stained garments of mariners escaped from
drowning, garments offered as votive gifts to the god of
the sea.

The effect of miniature vessels hung amid the arches of
churches and chapels no doubt suggested this form of deco-
ration in places where there would be sufficient height for
the proper placing of such ships-in-little. In the library of
a New York business man is placed what he calls his “navy.”
Here are hung miniature models of the vessels of many
nations and countries. A quaint fleet which extends in end-
less procession about a large room give more than a hint of
the history of navigation, together with a suggestion of its
mystery and romance. Here are represented the galleons
in which the buccaneers of old plundered cities and towns

December, 1912

upon land, as well as vessels afloat, and the “‘navy” is made
representative by including models of much later vessels,
such as the “Constitution,” which have had more direct rela-
tionship with the history of our own times.

Many very successful models of ancient ships, some of
which are here illustrated, have been built by Mr. Henry B.
Culver, of New York, in his hours of recreation. For years
Mr. Culver has devoted many of his leisure hours to the
study of the vessels of different kinds which have played so
important a part in the history of sea-faring nations. Be-
sides being of great interest as studies in the development
of shipbuilding, the models themselves are exceedingly pic-
turesque and possess a high decorative value. It is ex-
tremely interesting to watch the building of one of these
little models, for which ingenuity of the highest order is
required. The designs of the oldest vessels must be studied
from old coins and manuscripts and even illuminations have
a certain value. When one comes to a later period of his-
tory, where the vague help of coins and drawings upon
vellum may be exchanged for the more tangible aid of
printed books of any kind, the task becomes somewhat less
dificult, but even there a vast amount of work is required if
the model is to be built to scale. The tiniest detail must be
laboriously carved of wood and fitted into place, and the
intricacies of rigging or deck arrangement be puzzled out.

Let us follow the building of a British war vessel of the
kind which was constructed during the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, say about the year 1550. A long study of the subject
has brought Mr. Culver to decide upon the merits of a ship
of this date as most effective as a medium of decoration.
The hull of the ship is first built up by constructing a frame
or skeleton of small fragments of wood designs, of each of

CES SL SR aS 3 8 5 ee re saspicrrmarersncoecmencry
Ee a Ne SL a NEN NN pI HE SRE ANE SN ae Ey SEND SME LION LESH EEG ASE TBS

:
ll

:
hee

PO TREE

werner ene _

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Model in miniature of a Viking ship of the tenth century

421

which must first be drawn and then the wood cut into the
precise shape and size required. The framework being
joined, it must be covered with tiny timbers to represent the
stout planks of the sturdy oak which covered the sides.
These boards must be of many different shapes, with the
most minute variations of thickness to enable them to con-
form to the shape of the skeleton or frame which they are to
cover. All this is merely the beginning of the task, for now
the decks must be placed at their various levels inside of
the hull, and the tiny hatchways covered with gratings made
of the smallest possible fragments of wood. Then comes
the coloring and decoration of the hull for a British man-of-
war sailing under the ensign of Elizabeth for ships of this
period, like the “Royal Harry” and ‘Henri Grace a Dieu,”
built in the former reign and inherited by Elizabeth; or the
famous ‘“‘Revenge,” which alone and unaided fought fifty-
three ships of the “Spanish Armada,” sinking gloriously with
all on board. ‘These were no simple work, but tasks which
demanded and secured the most earnest efforts of the most
skillful of ship architects and decorators of the day. The
bows of these vessels were a mass of very rich and decor-
ative carvings elaborately colored and gilded, where amid
festoons and wreaths the British lion carried the shield with
the cross of the empire in his forepaws and on his head was
set the regal crown. Let us suppose that the ship under
construction carries sixty guns, fitted behind portholes in
tiers in the hull or upon deck. Each of these tiny port-
holes must be embellished with a wreath, also carved and
gilded, and these wreaths must be connected with festoons
carried along both sides of the vessel. The richest decora-
tion of all, however, must be about the stern or poop, built
up upon many levels and covered with the most intricate

se erere tran

TO RP RETR A mae

eeadiedadadae tan

422 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

carving, among
which are placed
the tiny cabin win-
dows with their
casement frames set
with square or dia-
mond-shaped panes.
High above all are
set the small gilded
lanterns, one, two
or three, according
to the dignity of the
vessel.
', AE RCE Next comes the
Model ship before rigging fitting of the intri-
cate rigging, the cutting of numerous tiny pulleys and the
designing in the making of sails, wired to cause them to
present the majestic appearance of the “Henri” when under
full sail. Finally the correct form of naval flag must be
followed, for if the officer in command were an admiral the
flag would be quite different from that borne if an officer
of lower rank were in charge. When this has all been ac-
complished, the entire work must be toned down or some-
what aged to produce just the appearance of the vessel at
the height of its career.

This fascinating combination of study with building and
decoration would be of particular interest in connection with
the vessels which have played a part in the history of our

9s sale tai

A miniature ship such as

December, 1912

own country, and
their models would
be particularly ap-
propriate as decora-
tions in American
homies. Dhieirs
would be a value his-
torical, as well as
picturesque, for the
primitive vessels of
the early Norse
navigators were fol-
lowed a few cen-
turies later by the
three quaint cara- Model ship after rigging
vels, the “Nina,” the “Pinta” and the “Santa Maria,” in
which Columbus sailed from Spain to brave the unknown
leagues of the broad Atlantic. Then came the “May-
flower’ and the later vessels, American and foreign, mer-
chantmen or war vessels, which have taken part in the
building up of our own country.

The study of the subject, the preparing of the plans and
the actual building and decorating of these little ships mean
a search into a vague chapter of history and are a fascinat-
ing and little known department of craftsmanship.

The pictures show a number of models of antique vessels
of various countries and many different ages. The simplest,

(Continued on page 441)

5
é
“0b

EE I. LOL LM LE LEE LD LEO LE BO

LET DH EERE ES EARL LALIT ESSE ABE DSI x i ee

this one

orms an interesting decoration

December, 1912

a storeroom.

do with it?

The artist, looking over
her neighbor’s fence from
the newly opened social set-
tlement, had seen the little
brick building that just ex-
actly filled the end of the
back yard.

It was entirely covered
with Japanese ivy, had a de-
lightful old door, two win-
dows below of quite different
sizes and apparently unre-
lated to any general plan,
while above was a row of
four of the primmest little
square windows that ever
looked out discreetly from
under an overhanging roof.
From the chimney at one
end were flung out long twigs
of the ivy which beckoned in-

zq||HLY, that?” said the old man.
«|| the wash-house.

out, but the connection’s still under the floor.
Rent it to you?

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The wash-house was transformed into an attractive studio interior

A Wash-House Studio

By Katharine Lord
Photographs by T. C. Turner

“That’s only
It’s no good now except as
Even the water’s been taken

Pshaw! What would you
You would surely regret it.”

what was now a city slum, the

\ eceneremapimawonseacomecensonrennsecaringmanpssmratenne bites mtr eS

SOT

The fireplace end of the wash-house before its transformation

house was startling to say the least.

vitingly and seemed to point inside, as if they would tell of
a fireplace and possible good cheer within.
To the delightful old gentleman who had lived in this

neighborhood all his life, and remembered corn fields in

idea of a studio in his wash-
It was only one more
step, however, in the general
lawlessness and lack of due
respect for custom, so char-
acteristic of the present
time, represented in its worst
form by the street gang of
boys who battered at his
front door and threw mud at
his area windows. The set-
tlement did not seem to him
to have a proper horror of
the Italians who were slowly
but surely replacing the
Americans who still clung to
the quarter, and to have a
nest .of bohemians in his
back yard—well, very evi-
dently the idea did not ap-
peal-to him at once.

But the little artist was
very beguiling and out of her

424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

real human sympathy grew
an irresistible power of per-
suasion, and before long the
old gentleman was not only
willing but interested. The
rent was fixed—at an ab-
surdly low figure too—and
they at once set about get-
ting a carpenter to cut a
gate in the high board fence.

In the old days, fifty years
ago or more, when this had
been a quiet street of solid,
well-to-do house-owners, the
little brick buildings in the
yard had served as laundry
and general service-room be-
low, while above were prob-
ably some servants’ quar-
ters. It was indeed a change
for the little house, long
practically disused, to become a craftworker’s shop and a
gathering place for a group of men and women very much
alive to all the progress of the day.

When the little artist first stepped inside the tiny house
she could not believe her good fortune. There was the
wide and deep brick fireplace of her dreams, occupying
most of one end. A staircase, enclosed with matched
boards, ascended to the upper floor. The beams support-
ing this floor were heavy and rough, and had once been
boarded over, but a part of this boarding had fallen down.
The second floor was divided into two rooms, or perhaps
more exactly a room and an ante-room, where the stairs
entered, for in this small room there was no ceiling, and
the brick walls were bare, while the other was ceiled and
plastered. The four small
windows on one side lighted
the upper floor well. The
windows, thick with dust
and cobwebs, admitted little
light. The place was piled
high with odds and ends of
furniture, empty boxes and
other rubbish.

But the little artist saw
through the dust and dirt its
future. Her imagination pic-
tured the wood fire’s glow on
the disclosed beams, and the
delightful way the shadows
would play about the deep
recess beside the chimney. A
high cupboard of one deep
shelf, once enclosed but now
guiltless of a door, occupied
this recess, and beneath it
stood a long, much-battered
chest—just the thing for a
wood-box. The walls of this
lower room presented con-
siderable variety, two of
them being only of the brick,
a third plastered and the
fourth roughly cased in wood,
the reason obvious, for one
place that had not been
quite covered showed cracks
letting in the outside light.

With carte blanche to do
what they liked, so long as

“ oy
i HAE Sti tie ren pee

Shelves were arranged

The wash-house before transformation

to alld books and old pewter

December, 1912

they didn’t tear the house
down, the artist and her
friends began the work of
rehabilitating the long-dis-
used wash-house.

The first thing to be done
was some tearing out. The
overhead beams proved to
be solid and whole, and the
now insecure boarding was
pulled down, leaving them
exposed. The ceiled-up side
of the room had to be reno-
vated, and then came the
question of shelving.

Rather high over the
chimney was placed a wide
mantel, with long wooden
supports reaching down on
either side. Along the side
that enclosed the staircase a
narrower shelf was built high, about 18 inches from the
ceiling, and at the end of the room opposite the fireplace
was placed a double shelf across the entire space, and under-
neath it was placed a comfortable couch. ‘The shelves
above filled with books and the fire lighted, who can imag-
ine a more delightful spot for reading? At one end of the
couch stood a small table with a brass samovar and tea
tray, while across the room, in the old cupboard, hung the
cups, and on its shelf were sundry casseroles and other
things that foretold the possible preparation of gay little
suppers as well as afternoon teas.

Upstairs there were more shelves. The window in the
ante-room had its built-in seat with locker beneath and
flanked by book shelves at either end, just the width of the
seat. A set of three shelves,
the lowest some four or five
feet from the ground, filled
the end of the room, and un-
derneath was placed a nar-
row writing table. These
again were filled with books,
except an occasional space
for a bowl of gleaming brass
or copper.

You will see that the pur-
pose of all this high shelving
was to save space, the little
rooms being none too large
for the necessary furniture.

The shelves were just of
smooth pine boards, and all
the supports were of the
visible type, made of scant-
ling. All the shelving and
such portions of the old
woodwork as required
replacing were stained
brown, while the door, win-
dow frames and walls, hay-
ing been painted once, were
again painted a cool moss-
green. The floors were done
with green—the paint being
mixed with kerosene, which
makes an admirable floor
stain.

The effect was indescrib-
ably beautiful with the
browns and greens lighted

December, 1912

up with the warm glint of the copper and brass jars and
bowls, which were everywhere, many of them filled with
flowers or bright leaves in their season; and the candle-
sticks, some standing on available shelves and tables and
some, Russian sconces, fixed to the walls. And at night,
when the red firelight vied with paler candle frames, the
dark corners held their warm shadows stoutly and gave
back dark spots for bright, in a warm, ever-changing play
of light and shade.

The larger room upstairs was the studio or workroom
proper, since it was the best lighted, and the artist practiced
her craft at the long table which stretched in front of the
three windows. Here the spaces beside the narrowed chim-
ney were filled on the one side with shelves and on the other
with a cupboard, so that there was ample space for tools
and materials and safe housing for finished work.

All the woodwork and repairing was done in three days
by a carpenter, and with a woman to give the place a
thorough cleaning, paints, oils and stains, the total expense
of putting the house in condition was about sixteen dollars.

The water connection was not taken up. Had it been,
this would have materially increased the cost. Of course,
the artist personally oversaw the work, saving the carpenter
much time by determining heights of shelves and other
measurements, and designing herself the shape of supports
and the curved edged cover of the window seat.

The place did not need much furniture. There was th
couch and a few chairs and a small table below, with an old
mahogany “‘secretary,’’ which seemed just to fit the place.
And upstairs, the large work table, some chairs and the little

a A MDDS SLE is EE Sas I BUELL NEALE DEED

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The furnishings that transformed the old wash-house were simple but well chosen

425

desk. All were quaint old pieces picked up in the course of
rambles in the forgotten corners of the town. The little
artist had long been hiding them in friendly store-rooms and
cellars, for none of them suited her dainty living apartment.

But she had known this place existed somewhere, just the
place to dream beautiful dreams and work them into beau-
tiful things for daily use, and then dream beautiful dreams
again.

Almost anyone may have a “house of dreams” like this,
for in the older parts of any city many such places lie all un-
suspected, waiting only the seeing eye, and the magic touch
that will redeem them from their grime, and show them
forth, the places of charm and individuality that they are.
And what places they are for work, these queer nooks and
corners. ‘The creative artist is always peculiarly affected by
his surroundings, and to the worker who must live at least
part of the year in the city, the finding of congenial quarters
is not an easy task. In some parts of New York the sculp-
tors have seized upon the old private stables, now largely
superseded by the public garage, and utilized their high spac-
1ousness.

Let the craftsmen and workers with pen or brush investi-
gate the backyards and inner courts and many a charming lit-
tle old world building they will find, sometimes in use, more
often not, because as a rule, they are not fitted for use as
dwellings even under the easy standards of the slum.

Quite the best part of this little house was the garden, as
an Irishman might say: ‘““Was the garden there, perhaps you
ask? No, again the artist’s seeing eye pre-visaged the whole

(Continued on page 439)

ER PEMATT

LT RN RL ST oT

EC TS NE:

AMERICAN HO

426

Ir|

UEEdIPSdIF=1 = dpsa]bs4 be dibs4)

Edps4

[3x [bx] oa) x) 2x) (33)

AMMA MKT

AMN\UAAANVANSAANASS TANRAMUTARALAAN)

ALANNA
AWARE

Ane
Hay
ny

u
t
|

i
!

re
fa
win
a

PTE 5
icagh fy
; Bh

i
i

HAS ie

mAND GARDENS

MEER: LARA ALT MEDS Weg AS,

Pear bea pear

y
|

sii

426

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Po ———————J

OF
DIFFERENT
TYPES

428

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

‘The cement house here illustrated is the home of Mr. Everett E. Kent at Newton, Massachusetts

December, 1912

A House at Newton, Massachusetts

By Mary H. Northend
Photographs by the Author

@)|L1E adaptability of cement to modern house
construction has come into recognition
everywhere, and its use has been produc-
tive of many interesting results. Employed
alone, or in conjunction with other mater-
ials, it is equally attractive, and the soft
tone of its finish serves to bring into prominence the con-
trasting tints of trim and blinds. Time was, in America,
and not so very long ago, when cement was considered
wholly unsuited to decorate effects, and houses constructed
of it were simple ugly squares of rectangles, with broad,
unadorned spaces that palled upon one’s sense of fitness.
Study eliminated these glaring defects of first attempts,
and little by little the objectionable features were removed
until to-day cement takes its

ner its attractiveness and adaptability. Here an old-time
model has been combined with newer features, and the
cement finish serves to emphasize the quaintness of the
whole. The second story shows an overhang in imitation
of seventeenth century homes, and the deep pitched roof
also suggests Colonial influence. Dormers break the
severity of the roof sweep at front and rear, and a great
outside chimney is a feature at one side. Porches at left
and right of the body of the house afford a sense of bal-
ance, and, in addition serve special purposes. The one on
the right is used in the Summer season as an outdoor living-
room, while the one on the left, partly screened by a high
cement fence, affords access to the service department.
Perhaps no feature of the house is more interesting than
the window arrangement.

place in building construc- SSS
tion along with bricks, clap-

No studied plan of insertion

has been followed, though

boards, and shingles.

Just how great the prog-
ress of its development has
been is well shown in the
house here described, the
home of Mr. Everett E. |
Kent, at Newton, Massa-
chusetts, designed by Messrs.
Chapman & Frazer, Archi-
tects, Boston, which illus-
trates in a convincing man-

|
| KITCHEN

| PanTRy
) | \

bs <<

DINING
ROOM

Plan of the ground floor of a house at Newton, Massachusetts

PIAZZA due regard has been paid

to preservation of harmony,
and the result is a series of
grouped and single windows
that are most at traetinger
The majority are of the
casement type,—the front of
the dwelling showing only
this kind—and each is placed
with. a view to securing to
the room within plenty of

December, 1912

light and ventilation.

In point of loca-
tion the dwelling is
especially fortun-
nate. It occupies
the center of a
slightly elevated
plot of land, attord-
ing surroundings of
grassland, inter-
spersed with trees,
and at the front it
commands a view of
the highway. The
soft gray of the ce-
ment and dark
brown of the trim
afford a combina-
tion of coloring that
contrasts charming-
ly with the deep
green of the grass-
land flankings, and
shrubbery and vines,
planted about the
house base, and as

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The dining-room

429

is placed, is shown
to the best advan-
tage. The sur-
roundings tend to
convey an impres-
sion of more space
than is really the
case, and the error
of too much space at
one point, and not
enough at another,
which so often mars
a really good dwel-
ing, is here most
happily avoided.
The approach is
along a brick path
that ends at a plat-
form, reached by as-
cending two steps,
from which access is
gained to the en-
trance-porch — a
particularly interest-
ing example of a
simple, dignified

yet undeveloped, bid fair in time to add a further decora- type. From here, a.glazed door opens into a vestibule, and
tive touch to a most attractive ensemble. The house as it beyond leads the hallway, a conveniently arranged, and well-

Entrance-hall looking into the den

430

proportioned apart-
ment. Beside the en-
trance, a_ simple
staircase, with
treads and cap rail
of mahogany, rises
in three turns to the
rooms above, the
second landing
lighted by a broad
grouped window.
The finish here is
white paint with
two-toned gray wall
hangings, affording
a neutral and pleas-
ing background for
the simple furnish-

ings.
At the end of the
hall, double glass

doors open into the
dining-room, which
in turn connects
with both the living-
room and the kit-
chen. A large fire-
place is the dominant feature of this apartment, its mantel
topped with a broad-paneled backing showing an edge of
dainty finish. Opposite the entrance, French doors, flanked
by quaint side lights, give upon a brick-paved terrace which
arrangement completes a series of broad, air-giving spaces,
commencing with the entrance to the hall, and continuing
with the dining-room entrance, both of which are nearly

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

The living-room

Generous porches afford outdoor living-rooms

December, 1912

opposite the ter-
race approach. Soft
blue walls above a
high paneled white
wainscot, and white
trim, afford an ap-
propriate setting
for the fine mahog-
any equipment.
The living-room
at the left of the
hall, is the dwell-
ing’s largest apart-
ment, extending the
entire depth of the
width. Tan and
white are the color-
ings employed in its
finish, and “the
cheerful impression
this harmonious
combination creates
is enhanced by the
numerous windows
that light the room
on three sides. A
large brick fireplace
graces the central portion of the outer wall at one side, and
to the left broad glass doors open on to the living-porch.
Opposite the living-room entrance is the den, a cosy,
convenient apartment, showing a most attractive finish.
On the second floor there are four chambers, equipped with
ample closet space and two bathrooms. On the third floor,
there are two servants’ rooms, bathroom and storage space.

December, 1912

i aD bins iL

NGI everyone who has a home garden can find a place i a mushroom bed

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

he MAGEE

Seapets stan sees uneaaa a auonirrin uate eum SSE GDN GE Pe OUELLETTE GMM POG

EPR TOOL ITT RPE PETE

CR iret eae wae

ALLE DEB ABS

How To Grow Mushrooms

By William Hosea Ballou, Sc.D.

Ssaq]|OT only may mushrooms be grown for pro-
j| fit, but they may be grown for the home
table, with very little trouble by reason of
the fact that the truly simple ‘“‘mysteries”’ of
4| mushroom culture are as easily mastered as
= those of raising vegetables. The home
grower may plan for a short season of them as of straw-
berries or for several seasons covering practically the year
around. To me mushrooms are perennially welcome. To
my mind they do more to make the breakfast egg a joy than
does any other morning meal accompaniment. There are
many restaurants throughout the country in which mush-
rooms are permanently on the menu cards for all meals.
There are so many ways of cooking mushrooms that this
vegetable food lends itself to an almost endless variety of
prepared dishes, even to salads. In justification of one’s
appetite for mushrooms, and
to encourage the skeptics and
doubters to recognize one of
the choice gifts of nature, the
following is herewith quoted
from a work on these edible
fungi:

“The amount of digest-
ible nutriment in a mush-
room is not great, on account
of the large proportion of
water. This is even true
of a large number of our
most popular’ vegetables
(and oysters, ninety-seven
per cent water). In both
cases, it is not the absolute
amount of available nutri-
ment that counts, but the
part which the food plays in
the dietary. In the case of
mushrooms, their delicacy
and flavor, the many ways in

AMAA HEEL

An outdoor mushroom bed requires careful preparation, but the results
will be fully worth the effort

which they can be cooked, the readiness with which they
combine with other foods, and especially their ability to
replace the meats in large measure, give them a very high
value. They bring to the table what is in quality luxury,
but in cost one of the cheapest of all foods. It is hoped
that a knowledge of mushrooms will become widespread,
bringing with it an increase in physiological efficiency and a
decrease in the cost of living.”

The mushroom is one of the principal foods of European
and Asiatic nations, which not only cultivate them prodigi-
ously but collect and utilize all of the edible wild types,
drying, evaporating or canning those not used on the table.
It is a remarkable food in that no process of drying, evapo-
rating or canning, however crude, in any ways seems to
lead to the deterioration of the flavor, delicacy and dietetic
value. From the earliest times down, the mushroom has
been prized for its exclusive
qualities as in the instance of
the Amarita Cesarea, or
‘Mushrooms of Cesar,”
which old writers inform us
were sold in ancient times
for fabulous prices. Cer-
tainly this species is very
rare to-day. Search as I
may, I can find no origin or
cause for the American
popular indifference to the
mushroom. Perhaps our neg-
lect to. teach in our schools
more about native foods
America is partly to blame
for the matter.

The mushroom may be
considered as a fruit, or
rather, as equivalent to a
fruit food. It will be well
to have this firmly rooted be-
fore trying to cultivate it.

An outdoor mushroom bed may be made near the house

All failures in mushroom culture may be laid to ignorance
of that fact. Many people ask me, “Can you transplant a
mushroom?” I answer, ‘‘Can you transplant an apple?”
You can put an apple or a mushroom under ground but
both will rot. The seeds of the apple may sprout young
trees and the spores of the mushroom may germinate spawn
for a future crop. An apple tree exists above ground and
the mushroom tree below ground or within wood. The
apple tree is strong and robust. ‘The mushroom tree com-
prises little white threads in most instances, although the
mycelium of some of the Polyporus genera, looks exactly
like strips of white kid leather, and in the species Su/-
phureus, is fully as thick and as tough when dried out.

Knowing that in mushroom culture you are to raise an
equivalent of fruit, you will go at it as intelligently as if
pomiculture were involved and attain success from the start
more speedily. You mix a compost in which to grow your
mushroom “tree.” You make the bed for it according to
the size of your space. You buy your young mushroom
“tree” either in form of brick spawn or virgin spawn. You
distribute the spawn in a bed of compost, then water it but
little, or not at all and care for it as you do the vegetable
beds. Later, all you will have to do is to pick the mush-
rooms, as other fruit might be picked. It is perfectly sim-
ple if one goes at it with only this understanding. No
explanations are necessary, only some few directions which
I shall give for raising. Germination cannot be explained
in a grain of wheat nor in a seedling potato. These things
do germinate and that is almost all we know about it ex-
cept that we know exactly how to make them germinate
according to our requirements. So too with the mushroom,
which, however, is not given to similar forms of germina-
tion and requires different treatment.

Another thing to remember about the mushroom is that
it will not fruit indoors unless the temperature is kept at
not much lower than fifty-four degrees Fahr. nor higher
than sixty degrees Fahr. Ask not why; it won’t! In conse-
quence, we have mushrooms in the markets from October
to June at very low prices, while during the hot months it is

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

almost impossible to purchase them at any price and cer-
tainly at not less than $1.50 per pound. All last Summer
in the resort district of the New Jersey coast, boys and
girls got $1.50 a pound for all the commercial mushrooms
(Agaricus campester) growing wild, or self-cultivated on
lawns, they could gather. This suggests that outdoor Sum-
mer beds ought to be profitable, and that one should begin
now to make plans for them next season. In December’s
market one may often purchase mushrooms of good quality
for thirty-five cents a pound. After this month the prices
usually advance to a dollar per pound when cold weather
requires the use of more steam-heat to get the temperature
of the mushroom cellars up to sixty degrees Fahr.

The professional mushroom growers make an inexcus-
able mistake in not installing in their Summer mushroom
houses, cold storage ammonia pipes to reduce the heat of
Summer to the required temperature. I have not been able
to discover a single grower in America who has tried it.
With a proper cold storage plant, such as one finds installed
in modern apartment houses, doing away with ice largely, a
mushroom farm could be made more profitable through the
three hot months than during the cold nine months. It
should be understood that the mushroom takes care of itself
outdoors. Whatever the heat, it fruits in July, August, Sep-
tember and October. The cultivated mushroom, (which
species also grows wild) apparently is not annual, that is, the
mycelium is supposed to die when it ceases to fruit. Other
deliciously wild edible mushrooms are annual and very pro-
lific, fruiting in the same place seven or eight months per
year, as for instance the Coprinus Micaceus. This is the best
salad mushroom, but, as usual, it is still overlooked as
being merely a “toadstool,” although it grows everywhere.

Mushroom culture is necessarily forced by use of rich com-
post, temperature, and by beds that are kept more or less
in darkness. Every step taken in mushroom culture to-day
may be said to be forced, and various methods are used
from spore to spawn, and thence to fruit. Because the
periodicity of the cultivated mushroom is unknown, breed-
ers assume that the mycelium is exhausted when a season of
fruiting is over, that the beds have become sterile, and that
a new bedding of compost must be installed. I have ample
proof that this discarded bedding reproduces again when
used as a fertilizer in gardens. The mycelium of all fungi
lives as long as its host, if parasitic, while the host has life;
if saprophytic, while the host continues its process of decay,
which may be even longer than its stage of life.

Mushroom spawn bricks may or may not reproduce.
They should be purchased from a mushroom farm of first-
class reputation. Virgin spawn may be preferred, but it is
not to be so generally obtained in this country.

A mushroom bed for the requirements of an average
home, should, wherever placed, comprise fifty square feet in.

Uemura

Agaricus campester, the mushroom of commerce

December, 1912

any shape desired,
such as an oblong ten
by five feet or a square
seven by seven feet
in dimensions. In
practice all smaller
beds in boxes or bar-
rels or larger beds
are based on the con-
struction of this unit.
I propose to quote

the construction of
the bed from the
growers who _ have

succeeded with both
pure culture spawn
and brick spawn, as
the home. grower
will probably pur-
chase his supplies dir-
ect from experienced
professional growers. One of these methods is as follows:

“Get one half cart of fresh horse manure, which costs,
with hauling, $2.50, and have it placed in one heap of hay-
stack form, outdoors in warm weather and indoors in freez-
ing weather, or else cover over with canvas, boards or car-
pet to prevent freezing, and also, in wet weather, to pre-
vent it getting too much water. As it is thrown from the
cart, wet it down with garden hose, giving it as much water
as possible and pack it down solid. Allow the heap to
stand one week, except that after two days it should be
opened sufficiently to ascertain if it is steaming and hot.
It must reach a temperature up to 200 degrees before
turning. At the end of a week pitch it with a fork into
another heap, playing the hose on it gently this time, merely
to dampen it, since it must retain moisture enough for the
life of the bed to be, which must never be watered after
this treatment. Tramp down the new heap reasonably
hard. Let the new bed heap stand for ten to fourteen
days, until the mass is of brown color. If white, it is burned
up; if black, it is rotted and useless in either case and a new
compost must be made. It should also be nearly odorless
and entirely so twelve hours after the bed is made. The
turning should cost not over $2, if done by hired help. The
manure must now not be too wet and soggy nor dry. If
the former, it must be put in a heap again to dry out the
excess of moisture, which may require two weeks, more or
less. If too dry, it must be heaped up again and moistened,
to stand for three or four days.

The manure is now ready for a bed, and the flat form
is preferred for culture spawn. If to be placed in a warm,
heated room, lay the manure nine inches deep; if in a cold,
unheated room, fourteen to eighteen inches deep, provided
the temperature of the room never gets below 35 degrees
Fahr. If it goes lower, the gas stove is essential and ought
always to be in readiness for emergencies. Spread the
manure evenly and tramp it down compact three inches
with your shoes, breaking up all lumps and melting with the
hose any dry or white portions. If twelve inches of man-
ure is placed, it must be tramped down to nine inckes. Rush
the tramping if the weather is hot or it will heat violently
and burn up. If cold, wait a day or two before tramping,
to allow the manure to commence heating. Only tramp
over the manure once, so as not to pack it too firmly, and
leave no holes in it, making an even surface. The bed
must be laid on a water-tight surface to prevent its mois-
ture from escaping. Once laid, never water it again. The
requisite amount of water must be inserted while preparing
the manure and on placing it in the bed.

The new bed will require a rest of ten days or two weeks

A “‘harvesting”’

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

DEINE TSE AG

of home-grown mushrooms

433

for its heat to rise
and then to fall to
the spawning tem-
perature. A bed
thermometer costing
$1.50 is now the
pulse of the situation,
thrust not over 3
inches into the com-
post. At present the
temperature should
rise from 100 to 120
degrees and later de-
cline to from 70 to
80 degrees, thus
showing that your
work so far is suc-
cessful. When it de-
clines to about 75 de-
grees it is time to
plant the spawn. In
hot weather it will decline slower, and in cold weather rise
slower. You will receive culture spawn in a box at a cost
of $2 for an amount necessary for a bed of 50 square feet.
When planting, stand on the bed and back up, pushing back
the box. The holes for the spawn must be g inches apart
and about 234 inches deep, and made by jabbing three
fingers into the bed. With the other hand insert just
enough spawn to fill the hole even with the surface, break-
ing up any lumps of spawn. Even off and press the man-
ure around the hole. Bored holes won’t work here, nor
holes made in advance. Make a hole and fill it at once.
When planted, pat the bed down evenly with the back of a
shovel. The bed must again be left alone for two weeks,
covering it over with straw, hay, mats or sacking to prevent
its drying out. Remove this material at the end of the
two weeks and cover the bed with a layer of moist garden

LO SOS EP oI: ELIE a

arrest

Rue EET Seatpost ait 2

A fruitful cellar mushroom bed of the “‘double-decker’’ sort

434

loam, 2% inches thick, for the mushroom to come up
through, but not for nourishment. Smooth the bed care-
fully with the back of a rake. The quality of the soil is not
important, but it is essential to sift it through an ash sifter
to remove stones, etc., and to reduce lumps. The mush-
room is forming down in the compost. Selected soil will
not help it a particle, its mission being purely as a cover for
the bed, holding in the moisture, and as a support of the
stem of the mushroom when it comes up, with a small ball
on the end, which is to unroll and form a cap. Swamp or
bog soil is dangerous to use for this purpose. The temper-
ature of the interior of the mushroom bed should be kept
from 50 to 60 degrees during the fruiting period, and the
soil surface at from 45 to 50 degrees, and air in the room
at 60 degrees. A hygrometer costing $1.50 should hang
on the wall to show the amount of moisture in the air.
When it registers 80 or above the air is all right. If it
falls below, sprinkle the floor and walls lightly with water.
Where artificial heat is-applied to raise the temperature of
the room or when the heat of Summer raises it too high,
light sprinkling of the loam cover of the bed is in order.
A whiskbroom, spray sprinkler or spray pump, the last
costing $5, may be used. Remember a compost bed will
retain its original moisture if you keep the loam cover just
moist, not too moist nor too dry. The cover water should
be 100 degrees warm in cold weather, occasionally mixed
with two ounces of saltpetre to the gallon. In Summer
ordinary hydrant water may be used on the bed cover.
Water a bed just before it appears to be drying out. Mush-
rooms should begin to appear six to eight weeks after plant-
ing the spawn if these directions have been followed, other-
wise they may appear any time within eight months or not
at all. In other words, mushrooms are due in about three
months from the day the manure arrived. This method is
for virgin spawn.

There is no material difference in preparing a bed for
the reception of brick spawn. One grower advises seven

bricks for a bed of 50 square feet, the cost of which is $2.
These are broken into sections two inches square, or from
8 to 12 pieces per brick, inserted one to two inches deep at

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Can oot

athe euttoor ‘iushioon bed wielded prolifically through the Summer months

December, 1912

from ten to twelve inches apart. I have said nothing about
boxing in a bed. If professionals don’t do it, why should
you? Mushrooms will come out on the edges of a bed
properly tamped. A bed is boxed in Winter by people
who hope to. get through without the expenditure of an oil-
stove to raise the temperature, and also propose to rely on
bed covers as well as side boards. p

Pick mushrooms when they are plump and fresh, just
before the veil over the gills begins to break away, and as
fast as they reach this condition. Pick by giving the mush-
room a gentle twist, so as not to injure the mycelium, or
mushroom tree below the surface. Brush off the dirt and
keep in a cool place if you must, but in the stomach if pos-
sible.

Mushroom beds may be placed indoors or outdoors, but
with different methods. They may be placed in cellars, caves,
tunnels, stables, sheds, boxes, greenhouses and garden beds
in early Spring. A piano box represents the ideal size of
a mushroom bed for the ordinary table use of the home.
Everybody that owns a garden should have an outdoor
mushroom bed to supply the table during the season of
vegetables, green corn and fruits. It can be placed any-
where. Make a stout frame of plank, like the illustration,
15 inches high. Make a bottom of mown grass or hay
tramped down to an even surface. Build the mushroom
bed on that. There must be a board cover, or preferably
a double cellar door over the bed, fitting on the heavy frame
to keep out the sun and rain. Every pleasant night take
off the cover to let the dew fall on the bed and to cool and
aereate it. Use the bed thermometer continually to see
what the bed is doing. Mushrooms will grow plentifully
out of doors without any care whatever and will take care
of themselves if started properly. A friend failed to grow
them in his cellar from some reason. He pitched the bed
out into his back yard. Soon thereafter mushrooms be-
gan fruiting and finally spread all over his premises. They
are now growing on those of neighbor’s, showing that if
started right they take care of their own propagation out
of doors and fruit in their natural season, and inexpensively.

(Continued on page 441)

‘
Be Ain je nostra a

st %

December, 1912

Se +

A domestic rug of this sort, measuring three by six feet, can be purchased for $5

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

435

Domestic Rugs

By Berwyn Converse
Photographs by T. C. Turner

saliEVER have floor coverings been more at-
1)| tractive and alluring to anyone fitting up a
new home or in making the changes and
alterations which are necessary in arranging
the house for use during the long months of
late Autumn, Winter and early Spring. The
record of industrial progress shows no greater achievement
than in the development of floor coverings and the energy
and taste of the manufacturers have provided an endless
assortment of carpets and rugs of all kinds and prices, and
in the shops they are arranged in a way to display their
utility and beauty to the greatest advantage. The subject
of floor coverings is so important that it
affects vitally the entire home. A wise
choice will go far toward making a success-
ful interior where an injudicious selection
of patterns or colorings or an unwise choice
among the many varieties to be had may
easily make the home much less successful
than it should be.

The case of rugs vs. carpets was threshed
out years ago and is revived in these later
days usually only where the floor to be cov-
ered is so rough, unfinished or uneven, that
its painting or staining seems to be outside
the range of possibility. Under these con-
ditions nothing can be done excepting to
use a carpet which covers the entire floor.
Sometimes when the use of rugs is particu-
larly desired such a floor may be covered
with “filling” which is a thick and soft, but
inexpensive, carpet usually plain and of
some dark color which makes an excellent
background for rugs which may be used in
addition. Many people who must com-
pletely cover their floors use Chinese or
Japanese mattings in much the same way
and with the beautiful weaves and interest-

LeU eV SWE

ieee CATT

A Persian panel domestic rug
measuring twenty-seven by fifty-four

inches, may be had in body Brus-
sels for about $3

ing colors and patterns which the clever Orientals send to
our markets a very successful floor surface may be pre-
pared for rugs of any kind. With a hardwood floor or a
well-laid floor carefully painted, the case is much simpler
and may be treated with much less expense.

In selecting floor coverings, careful thought should be
given to the character of the room, the furnishings to be
used and the purpose for which it is intended for a living-
room, finished and furnished in the ‘‘mission style,’ with
leather cushioned chairs and settees, and with walls perhaps
finished in rough plaster would demand a floor treatment
quite different from that used in a dining-room where the
woodwork is painted white, the furniture of
mahogany and the walls covered with paper
of a Colonial pattern. There too, exceed-
ingly careful attention should be given to
the selection of the colors used, for a floor
covering should repeat the principal tones
which enter into the covering of walls and
ceilings and in door and window hangings
as well as in such fabrics as may be used
for furniture coverings and cushions. The
carpet or rugs should unite walls, ceiling
and furniture and- this cannot well be done
unless some degree of harmony be secured
in this important regard. There are cases,
of course, where the floor covering may be
wholly different in color from anything
else in the room and the successful result
be due entirely to a “harmony of contrast,”
but such cases are not common and unless
one be gifted with an infallible or highly
developed color sense and a fine sense in
his own idea of the fitness of things, and
be also willing to abide by his choice and
selection, it would not be wise to make too
daring a selection of coverings for the
floors of the various rooms in the house.

Both these domestic rugs are from Navaho patterns.

There is no rug which is so suitable in almost any place

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

ERE decoaPa piers

SRS Os

ENS ES

sah

They ercure free by six feet and cost about $4.50 each

December, 1912

of a darker tone of the same color or with a two-tone

as the Axminster or Chenille with its richness and depth pattern which fills the body of the rug and is surrounded

of surface and wide range of color
tones. It fits in with almost any plan
of decoration and makes an especially
beautiful setting for many kinds of
furniture. This carpet in plain or fig-
ured surfaces, may of course be bought
by the yard, and for years has been
woven into rugs of various small sizes.
Until lately it has not been possible to
manufacture rugs of larger dimensions
without a seam which has, of course,
greatly marred their beauty of effect,
but it is now possible to weave a rug
twenty feet in width and any length
desired without a seam. ‘These Chen-
ille rugs are extremely durable on ac-
count of their fine texture and high
pile, and the fabric is particularly use-
ful as a covering for stairs, for it is
so closely or tightly woven that it does
not open up or “grin” at all over the
edges of the steps, but retains its
close and velvety regularity. Rugs of
this kind are also very useful in dining-
rooms for particularly in some of the
plain and darker colorings their sheen
and luster form an effective back-

ground for the linen, silver, china and glass used upon the
These rugs are made in solid colors with a border

table.

A rug of this sort, measuring thirty-six by sixty-
three inches, will cost about $8

The Log-cabin rugs, vary in size from twenty-seven by fifty-four inches to nine by twelve feet, and in price from $1.10 to $9.75

by a border of a solid color, usually
the lighter of the tones used in the
body. ‘The rugs with the plain center
or body have the effect of increasing
the apparent size of the rooms where
they are used. ;

Still another variety of these Chen-
ille or Axminster rugs, is a reproduc-
tion of the Oriental carpets such as
Khivas, Serebands, Bokharas, Hama-
dans and some varieties of the rugs
which are woven in China. There are
several grades, the difference in price
being due to a slight variation in the
quality of the wool used but the differ-
ence in cost as in wearing qualities is
insignificant and such rugs are priced
at from five dollars for the smallest
size to fifty dollars for a stock pattern
nine by tweve feet.

The ever-popular Wilton appears
this year in a greater variety of pat-
terns and a wider range of sizes than
ever. There are many beautiful adap-
tation of French designs which are
particularly useful for furnishing
rooms of the various French periods.

Some very interesting Persian patterns are also to be had,
and the reproduction of Oriental patterns has been more

December, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

een a wa

SESE oa

RE PETS
ok.

itd
9-0. Be

RUB AEY aa

bi Matai M.Sc GLa? Neel" asl

at erate Dy ver ee a a

A domestic rug of Kermanshah design.

skilfully done than ever before. Brussels rugs are also
made in Oriental patterns and combine excellent wearing
qualities with a very moderate cost which make for their
increased popularity. The most desirable of all floor cov-
erings is, of course, a genuine antique Oriental rug or car-
pet, but carpet wearing in the East has sadly deteriorated
both in design and workmanship, in face of the enormous
demand from Europe and America. Like certain forms of
Japanese art it has become debased by the constant demand
for novelty and the making of rugs like the carving of teak-
wood and the manufacture of porcelain has undergone a
change, for the present generation of workmen, eager to
meet the demand for something new are willing to abandon
the methods which have endured for centuries, little realiz-
ing that in so doing they are really cheapening and spoiling
the market they are trying so industriously to serve. Rugs

Gh
*~

~
+e

Peseta eudesude
AY i ‘

MH
ENTS LVL
SS SK

Won

RRR en)

. Sodecse se cteeteete
SX

Testeereeee

c’
eTeETeEy

pl a pele eee

prey Note 2
NI Pol oP SIC eae Z
Reeeiavatentesaee

A rug of this sort measuring nine by twelve feet retails for about $55

which may be regarded as antiques, and which are free from
this vitiating influence, are becoming exceedingly rare and
excepting in the smaller sizes are very difficult to obtain.
Even where they are to be had the prices are high and are
rapidly growing higher and really fine examples are quickly
secured for great collections and museums. ‘They are en-
tirely beyond the reach of the average home-maker who
must be content with a modern Oriental which is also
costly or a domestic rug woven in an Oriental pattern.
After all, the value of an antique Oriental rug is largely due
to the glamour of anything which comes to us from the old
and mysterious East. Our domestic rugs which copy faith-
fully these Oriental patterns, and which rival the originals

in their deep pile and soft mellow tones, are fully as useful

for all practical purposes. They are seasonable and beau-
(Continued on page 439)

A seamless chenille rug of this sort, measuring nine by twelve feet, would cost $50

438 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
6 WITHIN THE HOUSE

SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING
AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL
WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE

from subscribers pertaining to

THE HALLWAY
By Harry Martin Yeomans

amomq||EW years since a desire for something new
in house planning lead to a combination of
the living-room and the hall, which made a
wide appeal at the time and became very
popular. But the pendulum has now swung
back and the more sensible scheme of treat-
ing the hallway as a mere passageway, and means of com-
munication between the various parts of the house, is to
the fore again when planning the small abode. In most
of the old Colonial houses this plan was adopted and is
commendable in every way. It insures more privacy and
allows people to enter and depart from the house without
disturbing the occupants of the rooms on the ground floor,
which is a great advantage over the living-room hall, and
moreover, a heterogeneous collection of coats and hats
cannot be seen at all times when the hallway is a factor
by itself.

The hallway should not be slighted when one is planning
the decorative scheme of a house, as visitors receive their
first impressions here, and it should be a pleasing introduc-
tion leading up to the more important rooms. ‘The hall-
way should possess a certain amount of quiet dignity and
atmosphere which would seem to place a protecting barrier
between you and the world of strife without.

A decorative scheme for the hallway must include the en-
trance door, as this feature plays an important role in
determining the color scheme of every hallway. It is no
longer necessary to be contented with the ugly front door
which has a large beveled plate glass occupying the upper
third, as good stock designs can now be obtained, which
are very attractive with their simple panelings. An entrance
door with a large sheet of plate glass in it, always presents
a difficult problem of curtaining, so as to screen the hallway
from the vestibule or porch, the only solution of which
seems to be in running a curtain of some light wash material
on two rods, which would not exclude the light. But a far
better way, and one which adds to the integral decorative
quality of the hallway, is to select a door in which the upper
part is set with opaque leaded glass arranged in a simple
design, rectangular pieces of glass set in wooden muntins,
or bull eye’s of bottle-green or amber glass, set in leads,
are very artistic and decorative when viewed from the hall-
way. A door of this sort does away with the curtaining
problem. In Colonial or brick houses built on Colonial lines,
solid wooden doors are almost always used, but the hallway
can be flooded with sunlight by having a beautiful fan-light
over the door and side-lights at either side. This arrange-
ment is most attractive both from within and without the
house.

The color scheme of a hallway depends on the amount

The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries

December, 1912

ome Decoration. Stamps

should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired aes ni
aus

of light which it receives. A good rule is to choose a neutral
color for its walls, bearing in mind that all of the other
rooms open off of it and violent contrasts should be avoided
between the hallway and other rooms. If your problem is
to furnish a hallway which is dark, you will be able to lighten
it by selecting a wall covering of écru, tan, light brown,
pumpkin, gray having a suggestion of yellow in it, or sage-
green, all of which combine well with ivory-white wood-
work. All of the tans and browns go especially well with
the brown wood stains which are being used so much just
now. If the question of light is not an important one,
neutral tones of green and old blue, in either plain or two-
toned striped papers can be used. Papers having large and
bold designs will make a small hallway appear still smaller,
but one can now obtain a great number of good two-toned
papers having a small design which is hardly noticeable,
but which gives a slight variation to the paper which one
misses in those perfectly plain.

In hallways where a Colonial effect is desired, nothing
is more pleasing than one of the reproductions of the old
tapestry papers which are now in the shops. ‘The writer
recently saw a hallway such as this, where a gray verdure
tapestry paper was placed on the walls, running up to the
cornice, the woodwork was treated to a coat of ivory paint,
the ceiling being tinted the same tone. The furniture con-
sisted of a Hepplewhite card table of mahogany, with a
chair placed on either side. Over the table was an old
gilt mirror and at the back of the hall stood a grandfather
clock. Although this hallway was small, its tasteful and
harmonious furnishings gave it a Colonial atmosphere
which could be followed to advantage in many small
houses.

The very nature of the function which the hallway ful-
fils precludes the use of pieces of furniture which are not
absolutely necessary. A long table placed near the door,
with a high-backed chair at either end, an umbrella stand,
and a mirror over the table, are all of the furnishings which
are required for the hallway of the small house. ‘The hat-
rack is no longer used. A coat-tree might be added and
as the hallway is a convenient and readily accessible place
for the telephone, it could be placed on a small table at
the rear of the hall, with a chair conveniently at hand.
For the table and chairs, a hall-seat having a hinged lid
could be substituted, which would afford a convenient space
for overshoes.

Attractive umbrella stands of Russian brass, blue and
white Japanese ware and of turned wood, stained a dark
brown, are all appropriate for the hallway. The brass
and turned wood stands go especially well with mission
furniture, or where the trim is of dark stained wood, while
those of Japanese design look best when placed against a
background of lighter tone.

A good-sized picture, appropriately framed, will look

December, 1912

well in the hallway, but a collection of small trivial pictures
has no place there. Brown photographs of old portraits
or architectural views are especially well adapted for the
hall.

Two attractive hallways which the writer saw recently
seemed to be almost perfect. The walls of one had been
covered with a plain gray oatmeal paper, which was
marked off with gray paint into rectangular spaces twenty-
two inches long by eleven inches wide. ‘This gave the effect
of a Caen stone wall. All of the woodwork had been
treated to a coat of gray paint, which was slightly darker in
color than the walls. The ceiling was tinted a light gray
and the floor was stained and waxed a dark brown. The
handrail of the balustrade was of mahogany. With this
severe wall treatment it was decided to use cement furniture.
In the long wall space, at the foot of the stairs, a console
table of ivory-colored cement was placed, the top supported
by two lions. Opposite it was a long cement bench and
by the entrance door stood a tall jardiniére of the same ma-
terial, decorated with a procession of Greek maidens bear-
ing garlands of flowers. The jardiniére was for use in
holding umbrellas and canes. All of these pieces were
copies of old Italian garden furniture, but they combined
well with the gray walls of this hallway. Over the console
table was placed a long mirror framed in flat boards and
painted to match the woodwork. This hallway could have
been improved if the floor had been laid with pinkish-red
Dutch tiles.

The other hallway had the walls covered with a two-
toned tan paper, having a small inconspicuous design. The
wood trim had been painted the same color as the paper,
and the ceiling was cream white. On the floor was an
oriental rug in tones of olive, brown and tan. The furni-
ture consisted of a narrow teakwood table and a straight-
back chair of the same wood. This furniture was not the
carved-all-over variety, which one frequently sees in oriental
shops, but was built on perfectly straight lines, without
any carving, but having simple Japanese fret motifs fitted
into the angles where the legs joined the table top and seat
of the chair. A large yellow porcelain umbrella stand
added to the Japanese spirit, and on the wall opposite the
table was a framed kakemono, showing a geisha girl pre-
siding over a tea-tray. As this hallway was rather small,
there was no place for growing plants, but this difficulty
was overcome by hanging a pottery wall-pocket on the
door-frame, leading to the dining-room, to hold flowers or
foliage.

When building a new house, it is an excellent idea to
have the plans one a coat closet a the hall.

A WASH-HOUSE. STUDIO
(Continued from page 425)

Edb=db- Sib tha = 4b = dp db- db 4b= ab 4b ab = ah sap = ab db = dh 4b = ib: dbadb=db=4p-db= 4beapedbs4peab=dpedb=Gbsdb=dbsdpedbsGpedbe bees Gbsdibedb=dbsdbed
thing and in another season it was an accomplished fact.

Of course the glorious vine, covering the whole tiny house,
and a higher building back of it, was a running start and
really necessitated a garden foreground. Also the old
brick-paved yard was there, with an open space in the cen-
ter. It was a comparatively easy matter to let in beds with
curved borders all around the edge, marking their sides
with a row of half bricks set on end.

A slight pergola was built, screening off the half of the
yard that, according to the agreement, appertained to the
little house. Over this, morning-glories were trained be-
cause they grow quickly and with no particular demands
upon soil or expert care. Ferns were brought from the
woods and planted next the house in the narrow strip that
the sun did not reach. The little curved borders held Cro-
cuses and Daffodils the next Spring, and later stout Calla-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

439

diums and Golden-Glow, for, be it remembered, the old
soil of city backyards does not satisfy the needs of the
tender growing annuals or that aristocratic queen of all
gardens, the Rose.

It seemed indeed ‘‘too much,” as one visitor remarked,
that the little house should have not only a garden, but a
view; but so it proved, for when they all sat in the garden
the next Spring someone discovered “‘the poster,” like a
drawing in three values, a blue-black pile of broken out-
line etched against a glowing sky with a neutral and more
distant mass balancing it on the other side of the picture.
What mattered it that the castle-like mass was a jumble of
tenement houses by day, that one knew the glow in the sky
to be thrown up from the garish illumination of the “‘white
way of that part of the town? With the coming of the
all-softening night there it was, as thrilling a picture of
romance as any towered hill of Loire or Rhine.

IbEdibz4

¥4][3¢)[24) 34

Eqbed|bsdipsdipsd

PEAREQbsdibzalbzalbsdlbsdbzdibedlbsdibsdibsdipsd)bsdibsdip=dbedibedb=4)p= dips dikedh<4b-4b<4h-4h- p< oh ah 4b op - 4b -4- 4b -ap apa

DOMESTIC RUGS
Continued from page 437

PE4]Fzd]Pd}bz4)bzd|bdlbsdlpzd)esd pdb=dfeed|bsd|psd[pedlpsd|bsd bsdlped|psdpsd)psdesd|bsd)p=d)bsdlbsd)bsdbsdpsa)bsdb=dbsdbsdb b= db<db <4) =4b=0h<4h-0h-ab=ar=40-4b- a <4

tiful rugs at very moderate cost and bring the beauty de-
signed for the favored few within almost anyone’s reach.

‘‘Homemade”’ rugs seem to be more attractive than ever.
The old-fashioned “‘rag rug’ is popular for use the year
around in places where its quaintness and simplicity are in
keeping with its surroundings. The varieties usually seen
in the shops have a two-band or three-band stripe of some
strong color across either end, but lately a crudely effective
border showing flowers, trees or the simpler forms of ani-
mal life have been produced, but the material is almost
always cotton of some form. A rug fully as pleasing, but
heavier and suited to a wider range of usefulness, is the
“hand-braided mat,” which is likewise a heritage from the
days when every home possessed its own craftsman. The
material is of wool and the rugs are oval in shape, often
woven in stripes of contrasting colors. The prices are
higher than are asked for the old-fashioned rug, but for
many uses they are so delightfully quaint that many home
furnishers will be unable to resist them.

The mere suggestion of an “art square” recalls the crude
attempt at rug making which characterized the output of
American mills a few years ago. The time applies to an
Ingrain rug which may or may not be reversible, for while
they are not intended to reverse, it sometimes happens that
the roughness of weave upon the wrong sides adds to their
interest. The designing of these art squares is now very
carefully done, and so highly is the standard of their making
maintained that for some uses it would be difficult to ob-
tain a more beautiful floor covering. Those in the differ-
ent shades of gray are especially beautiful and the varieties
having as borders conventionalized flower and animal fig-
ures are particularly interesting. Ingrain, of course, is a
carpet without pile, and being usually much thinner than
the heavier Willows and Axminsters is not quite so easily
kept in place upon the floor unless it be very lightly tacked
down. It is not always adapted for use in a living-room,
but in a dining-room or bedroom its use is quite possible,
and as it is made in some twenty-seven colors and in an
immense variety of beautiful and tasteful designs and nu-
merous sizes it is in great demand. It is very inexpensive,
for the 6xg size may be had for $7. The art square made
in America compares very favorably with the similar fabrics
from Scotland, and which are on sale in our shops at some-
what higher prices than are asked for our domestic pro-
ducts. The Scotch rugs are woven of native wool, while
our American art squares are of wool imported chiefly from
Russia or China, as that obtained in America is too fine for
the heavy texture required in floor coverings.

440 AMERICAN: HOMES AND GARDENS

:
Around the Garden

DECEMBER AND THE GARDEN
HAT the Christmas holiday and its attend-

ant joys make us forget the bleakness of
December, until we become reconciled to
the advent of Winter is a compensation that
helps us to forgive Jack Frost, the irre-
sponsible. I am not sure but that the fine,
wide stretches of clean white snow are not for a little
while a pleasant relief from Summer’s luxuriantly green
landscape. Every season brings with it those changes
in aspect which man should learn to understand, to appreci-
ate and to love. Our poets have sung of the Springtime,
our artists have immortalized the color of Summer, but
just as truly the legend of Kris-Kringle has endeared the
crackling snow-time to our hearts, if we have not forgotten
the days of our childhood’s belief in Santa Claus’s reindeer,
Frau Holle of the Brothers Grimm, the Snow Queens and

8)
=)
B
5
3
Bis
5
Bb
2
SI
5
K
be
B
BI
Ou

Rockwork for garden nooks and corners can be planned now

A MONTHLY KALENDAR OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA-
TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND
GROUNDS

All gueries will gladly be answered by the Editor. If a personal
reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith.

cooc$0000 fi (O33 c0008s0000

December, 1912

the Ice Kings of dear old Hans Anderson of tender memory.
OT in every part of the country will it be possible to
gaze out upon field, hedge and road decked in the
traditional and sparkling array pictured by the Christmas
card painter, and in the warmer sections of the country,
our yards and gardens will be sere-brown instead of white
until the coming of January. Where the snow-carpet has
not covered our garden beds there is still left to be done
a little outdoor work in the garden. ‘Trees, shrubs and
vines should be mulched. ‘This will prevent the havoc con-
sequent to alternate thaws and frosts which will inevitably
damage unmulched shrubbery in cold climates. Then the
tree should be looked after and all dead limbs sawed off,
and pruning may be extended to the grape-vines. If your
garden suffered from a visitation of tent caterpillars and
there are any wild cherry trees on the premises, cut these
down now, and next season you will probably find the gar-
den freed from the bothersome pest. ‘Tree-surgery has been
intelligently developed and all garden lovers are urged to
interest themselves in the subject. ‘There is no gift of
nature more generous than the life of a fine tree. Carefully
inspect the home-grounds and examine every tree, not neg-
lecting now to take the steps necessary for its preservation.
KILLING WEEDS ON LAWNS
EADERS of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who
keep a garden “recipe” scrap-book will be glad to
have for use next season the following information concern-
ing weeds on lawns, contributed by a garden enthusiast. “TI
have experimented,” he writes, ‘with both sulphate of am-
monia and sulphate of iron as effective cures for the weed,
Prunella vulgaris that dishgures many lawns. The latter
chemical is cheaper than the former, but the sulphate of
ammonia is, to my mind, more effective, inasmuch as it also
encourages grass growth. The method of weed destroying
with these chemicals is to pulverize the crystals of sulphate
and sprinkle the powder rather thickly over the weedy spots
during a dry spell. ‘The blackened patch resulting from the
treatment will, in turn, when the grass has taken its new
growth, be green and free from the unsightly weed.”
FLOWERS THE BEES LIKE
N article on “Bee Keeping as a Pastime,” which ap-
peared on Page 63 of the February, 1912, issue of
AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS, occasioned several ap-
preciative letters addressed to the Editor. Among them
was one containing a paragraph clipped from an English
periodical of such interest that it is worth quoting here:
66 HE garden lover generally delights in seeing bees in
the garden, although he may not care to keep hives of
his own. It is cheerful and pleasant to hear their hum, as
we wander among our flowers; and many of our plants set
their seeds more freely if these industrious insects fertilize
them as they pass from flower to flower, carrying with them
the exceedingly fine yellow dust of the precious pollen.”

)

December, 1912

“TN planting flowers for
bees, it is better to have
considerable numbers of
their favorites, and to em-
ploy such as are in bloom in
seasons other than those at
which they can _ procure
honey from other sources,
such as in the time of the
Lime or the Heather. But
a breadth of their favorite
plants near the hive will be
useful in weather which is
not settled enough to suit
the bees reaching their gath-
ering grounds and returning
in safety.”
= MONG the most use-
ful bee plants in some
districts is the annual Lim-
nanthes Douglasi, which is easily raised from seeds sown in
Spring or in Autumn. Mignonette is also a favorite with
the bees, although it does not do well in every garden. A
general favorite is the Borage, Borage officinalis, likewise
raised from seeds annually. The Cornflower is valuable
for bees, and is useful for cutting, the blue variety being
the most generally appreciated for this purpose. Sweet
Scabious, Scabiosa atro-purpurea, treated as a hardy or
half-hardy annual, is excellent, both for bees and as cut
flowers for the home. Alyssum maritimum, the Sweet
Alyssum (also known as Keniga maritima), is a plant of
which the insects are fond, and it may be sown in Spring
or Autumn. The Phacelia is very good for bees; and Cer-
inthe Major, Whitlavia grandiflora, and Candytuft, are
all excellent annuals. So are Stocks, Sweet Peas, Clarkias,
annual Lupins, dmbrosia mexicana, the Tropeolums (such
as the common Nasturtiums, and T. Lobbianum), together
with Phlox Drummondi, and Collomia coccinea. Wall-
flowers ought not to be overlooked; and the perennial Ara-
bises, d/bida and Alpina, are indispensable for the bees in
the early season. They frequent the Aubrietia to some ex-
tent, but not so much as the Arabis. Crocuses, Scillas and
Snowdrops are among the useful bulbous plants, so that an
ample choice is available, in addition to the many other
plants not much grown in quantity which the bees find out
for themselves, and which supply them with their require-
ments, while at the same time giving pleasure to the lover
of the garden.”’

ip 4p=dp=4b=4p=db=4b=db=4b=dp= 4b =4b=db=db=dp=db=db= db =dip=dp=dp=db=dp=dp=dbdipsdip=dibsd)p=dp=dlb=db=d)p=dbsdbsdip=qibsd)p=dbsdibeqbzdibsd[b=dbsdip=q)bsdibed

ANTIQUE SHIP MODELS
(Continued from page 422)

=p dib=dbsdbzdb=dip=4b=-dbsdbsdpsdb=db<4b=4b=dbedb=db=dbsdpsd)psdlb=db=dp=dps4psdpsdlp=dbed bed bsdpedlpedpedb=q bsdbedibed)pedpedbsdbedibedibed|bedped)bsdbed
perhaps, is the Viking ship of the tenth century which is
shown on page 421. This model, as far as possible, com-
bines accuracy of detail with beauty of effect, and has been
studied from the wonderfully preserved Viking ship dug up
at Gokstad, Norway, in 1880. The decoration is in vivid
colors, both hull and sail being decorated with alternate red
and white stripes, while the shields which line the sides are
black and yellow, many of them being embellished with rude
heraldic devices. [he carving on the sides and upon the
rudder or steering oar is authentic in design, and the green
serpent displayed upon the sail and repeated upon the flag
and the gilded weather vane give the ship its name—‘‘Lan-
geornir —‘‘Long Serpent,” a favorite name for Norse ships
of that time.

Several of the other pictures show various forms of gal-
leons such as were used during the fifteenth century, but in
building them Mr. Culver has departed somewhat from ac-

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

j A garden: Benen of oad desea

441

curacy of detail both in deco-
ration and design to obtain
the increased beauty of effect
which is the result of slightly
exaggerating certain propor-
tions. These models have
been built to hang some eight
or ten feet from the floor,
and by enlarging the size of
Jomn—- ate 9 f sails, rigging and all the
—_ * # parts which one would natur-
ally notice in seeing a ship at
a distance, the appearance is
that of a vessel under full
sail. Other departures from
accuracy are in arrangement
of sails and rigging, all devi-
ations being made in favor
of heightened beauty of ef-
fect. The hulls of these
medieval galleons are painted in stripes, the coloring being
greatly dulled or toned down to simulate the effect of age
and exposure; the coloring and gilding are also somewhat
“aged,” and sails and rigging are judiciously “antique.”

~The photograph reproduced upon page 422 shows a
model unrigged, this being patterned after an English ves-
sel of the seventeenth century without exaggerating any of
the coloring or rigging, the idea being to produce an accur-
ate as well as an artistic model. The appearance of this
little ship may perhaps not be as striking as in the instance
where accuracy has given way to artistic effect, but never-
theless it is extremely elaborate and dainty and there is a
spirit of reality and “‘ship-shapeness” about her that appeals
strongly to anyone who loves the salt sea air.

A study of these little models teaches much history un-
awares, for the history of a nation upon land is influenced
greatly by her sons upon the high seas, and the ships in which
they sailed in ages past have in many cases influenced the
times in which we live.

PEq/PEd|bsdipzqibeqibsdipsdiped|bsd)pedibeqbsd[pedibeqibed[psdibsdibsqbsdipsdibsqibsdipedibed

FEdlbediped|bzdlbsd]bzdlbsdlbsd)bsdlbsdbsdlbsdibsdbsdbedibs4bsdlbsdbeap=db-ap=dip-a

HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS
(Continued from page 434)

ezd}bed)peq|bsd)psd)psdjbsdpsd)bsdb=4

brdibsdibsdbsdipsdbsdipsdlpsd

BEqibsdibzd)bsdibsdlbedlbsalbsabsdibsalbed|bs@ibsdlbsdibzdbsdbsdib-dbx@b=q)bsdibe@bs@h-db=@)=4b=4b=4b-4b=4

A good place for home mushroom beds is in greenhouses,
under the stages on which the plants are arranged. Roses
above, mushrooms below. Why not? The stages and
some straw protect them from the sun and light and the
temperature in the cool to cold months should be about
right for them. If it is desired to place the mushroom
beds in vacant rooms of house, barn or shed, the floor may
be protected from damage by laying on it vulcanite rubber
roofing paper, continued up the walls for two feet.

Mushrooms require for growth, moisture, not wetness or
dryness. In sprinkling use a rose cup to reduce the supply
of water properly. An insecticide and sprayer device is
desirable. Once in five days spray the beds to drive away
flies, to kill insects and to destroy their eggs. Mushroom
beds in houses or cellars may be heated in Winter sufh-
ciently by means of oil-stoves in localities where other forms
of heating are wanting.

I have simplifed mushroom culture down to the house-
hold requirements, so as to induce amateurs to grow them
for home consumption, that vast majority who either buy
mushrooms or go without, or who raise vegetables with
much more trouble. From this point it is but a step to
raising mushrooms for profit or as a means to acquire a
small fortune. The mushroom house of the near future
should be made of concrete with heavy walls, to keep down
the heat of Summer. This is the true solution of the problem,

442 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

CHRISTMAS GIVING
By Elizabeth Atwood

HE most pleasurable Christmas shopping
that I have ever done, was, when with a
little chubby hand in each of mine I went
forth to guide the two owners of these hands
through shop after shop, when they went
forth to buy presents for their own givings,

that were to be those entirely their own to give. They had,

been saving their pennies for a long time, and living far out
of town, they knew nothing of the hardships of Christmas
shopping. It was all pure joy to them.

Each had a whole dollar to spend, a large amount in
their eyes. ‘There were five to whom they wished to give,
wherefore much considering was necessary, especially as
each diminuitive shopper insisted that the whole of twenty-
five cents must be paid for mother’s present. The maid
and the man servant came next in the order of planned
disbursements, ‘‘for they will not have so much as the rest
of us, you know.”

Then the giggles and the whispers when I exclaimed
over the beauty of a pitcher which I knew to cost just
twenty-five cents. (I have it now.) Then the adroit means
which they took to make me rest out of sight of that particu-
lar counter. The good, tired clerk did the pitcher up so
that you would never guess from its shape what that parcel
contained. ‘Their only real anxiety being ended, their shop-
ping became one grand carnival of pleasure. They had
not learned the harm of money-value in their Christmas
buying.

If only some strong heart and hand might lead our
after years through the mazes of Christmas and Christmas
giving! Some strong sense of love combined with fitness,
some strong mind, strong enough to convince us that giving
of great money value does not always bring happiness to
either the giver or the one who is to receive the gift. In
fact, if only more love might come into our giving and less
of commercial barter (am I hard, think you), much of the
anguish of Christmas would be lost.

I suppose there is hardly a woman or a girl who is not
more or less troubled as the Christmas season draws near.
Men and boys seem to care less, for whatever they do for
their friends is done by buying the best which they can
afford. There may be a feeling of disappointment in the
man’s mind when he finds that he must be content with a
small gift for wife, mother or child, when he would so
much enjoy doing more, but that feeling soon passes away.

We are constantly meeting new people, new friendships
are formed every year, and if all are to be remembered
with a gift at Christmas time, one’s list becomes very formi-
dable. There is pleasure in all this up to a certain point,
when one’s time is limited and one’s pocketbook even more

HELPS: TOrthe
HOUSEWIFE

TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER-
EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE

December, 1912

>
4)
nV?“
>
pr

limited, this pleasure becomes a veritable nightmare. The
struggle to make five dollars do the work of fifty is enough
to add gray hairs and turn the joy of Christmas into pain.

There is a fitness often lost sight of, like the friend, poor
in money but of large heart, who spent hours and hours
embroidering a gift for me. Full well I know the strain
it had been to her poor eyes, and that the time she took for
that piece of work should have been spent taking a much
needed rest. ‘“‘But I enjoyed doing it for you because I love
you,” she told me, ‘‘and just because I love you I wish you
had not,” I answered.

What we wish most of all is to be remembered, just to
be given a loving thought or word. ‘To feel and to know
that on this day so many loved ones are thinking of us.
Does it take extravagant gifts to prove this? A letter, a
card, a photograph—what pleasure we derive from receiv-
ing them. The loving thoughts expressed in a letter mean
a great deal, quite as much as the gift which has called for
the use of so much vital force, or stringent economy.

It is deplorable to watch the misery of acceptance grow
in the child, when the spirit of exchange in value takes the
place of loving giving. Children can teach us much in the
way of Christmas love. ‘They give for the pure joy of giv-
ing, for Santa Claus will care for them. Perhaps the
natural selfishness comes in, just in this sure feeling that
they will be remembered. As children we talk to them of
Christmas love, as they grow older do we not, too, help
to bring in this feeling of exchange when called upon to help
decide upon the gifts they are to make?

Love should be the keynote of all Christmas giving. Love,
not just the love for mother, but love spreading out over
all, creating a spirit of optimism and joy. Love, which
will develop all the year, finding Christmas a beautiful time,
not one of self-imposed trials. These perfunctory martyrs
to custom who return gifts of like value, whether they can
afford to or not, these are the ones to be pitied, for they do
much to kill the love-spirit of Christmas time.

One way to develop the loving spirit of giving is to think
and plan for some one who is less fortunate than your chil-
dren or you.
boy or girl of your family or acquaintance, of the making
of one person happy, who, but for their thought would have
been forgotten. It does not need to be a large gift nor a
costly one, but the thought that some one in the world had
in mind such loneliness and deprivation may brighten, for
one day at least, the darkest and saddest life.

This should be the main work of Christmas. It blesses
the giver as well as the recipient. It increases and revivifies
the love in your own heart. The gift may be only a holly
wreath or a “Merry Christmas” from jolly children, but the
loving thought is there to be remembered. That will reach
any heart, however pessimistic, when real Christmas love
and cheer go with it, and weigh more than a costly one.

Point the way to the thoughtless rollicking -

December, 1912

Christmas love is a delicate thing, and we mothers must
have a care how we nurture it, and prevent the mercenary
thought from coming in.

Probably there is no one living who does not know many
who are worse off than they. There are thousands who
would be glad of a heartfelt call of “Merry Christmas.” A
few flowers will keep the
cheer of the day in a
room. A little box of
candy will keep the
thought of the day. If you
know of but one such
lonely person, make every
sacrifice that may have to
be made, but in some way
remember that person.

We talk of utility pres-
ents, give them too where
you can, but it is the dear
little frivolous something
that lifts the mind from
tievsordid cares of
every day. Help your
children to realize this,
and help them to find
some poor child or some
poor family. Have them
share their Christmas nuts
and candy. What is left
will have a better flavor,
for love will have sea-
soned it.

We can prate and talk
about Christmas love and
Christmas spirit, we can
plan and give according
to Our means, we can de-
velop the love of giving
in our children, but, after
all, the real thing lies
quite as much in the
Christmas-spirit of receiv-
ing. Our attitude toward
Christmas is becoming too
critical. We are prone to
consider values in one way
or another when the gifts
arrive. Is this Christmas
love?

In our own generosity,
with love unbounded we
send a gift more or less

Fireplace Cakes:

cover smoothly with icing.

effect of red and white.

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

TWO CHRISTMAS SUGGESTIONS
By MARY H. NORTHEND

A Santa Claus Christmas design for icing cakes, and a snowball cocoanut iced cake

Cut with an oblong cutter a rich cookie dough, and

When cool, draw in a fireplace with a

harmless vegetable coloring in red,

Decorate with little fir twigs.

half cup butter, one of sugar, two and one half of flour, one half tea-

spoon of saleratus, dissolved in two of milk, one egg; flavor to taste.
Roll thick, cut in oblongs, and bake quickly

443

hurt. Put an X-ray on yourself and your motives with
merciless candor before sending out your gifts, then put
yourself in the place of those who are recipients of your
loving thoughts—and make very sure that the thoughts are
loving.

Why not try to be as simple as children in our joys?
Why not learn the lesson
of simple giving and prac-
tice it, while teaching it to
our little ones? This sim-
ple lesson of love, which
down in our hearts we do
believe in, should be even
more real to us for we

know and_ understand
more of its source and
force.

My little grand-daught-
ers under the wise guid-
ance of their mother gave
me a useful and beautiful
gift representing work
which any child over five
and under ten might do.
It was a “kitchen shower.”’

Spread out it covered a
good-sized table. There
was a simple rosy muslin
bag tied with ribbon to
match, to hold strings of
all kinds, which the New
England housekeeper dis-
likes to cut and throw
away. It was very pretty,
I thought it too delicate
to hang in the kitchen, but,
after two years of use it
still does service and is
always pretty.

(here “were “half a
dozen cheesecloth ‘‘dust-
ers,” these might have
been feather-stitched to
make them prettier, but
were not as we consider
such work useless. Then
half a dozen glass-towels
barred with pink to keep
the color scheme, half a
dozen hand towels with
loops, all ready to hang by
the sink, half a dozen

thus carrying out the Christmas
Cookies: One

costly either of time or
money, to one we love, and
who has far less to do than
we have. In our personal
joy of giving we forget
that this dear friend may
suffer in the receiving of
our gift. “It is more

aed x ES

Snowball Cakes:

Beat together
till stiff whites of eleven eggs with one and three quarter cupfuls of
sifted granulated sugar and one teaspoonful of cream tartar, then one

Make an angel food cake as follows:

cupful of flour and one teaspoonful of vanilla. Bake in a moderate

oven forty minutes. When cold, cut off all the brown outside of the

cake and with a fork take out fairly good-sized pieces. Roll these in

soft white frosting, and when set, sprinkle with granulated sugar. Deco-

rate with holly, the leaves cut from citron, and cranberries or candied
cherries for the berries.

holders covered with pink
gingham and half a dozen
broom-bags made of two
thicknesses of cotton-flan-
nel with strings run in the
top to fasten each to the
broom. These bags I use
all the time to sweep bare

blessed to give than re-
ceive’ may be true, some-
times. I doubt it, surely
it is far easier, but in the joy of giving we should surely
study out the possible pain of receiving and try to avoid
giving that pain too. This is what I call ‘‘fitness” in giving.
When one is full of love it is no trial to give thought to
the personal desires of the one to whom the gift is to be
sent. There is a deal of pride creeping into our giving.
This it is which prompts the giving that is pretty sure to

floors, keeping a dressed
broom on each floor of
the house.

Here is my idea of the loving thought and loving ser-
vice. There are many lessons which might be taught
through the medium of such a gift. Truly a present of
utility, with a little of the frivolous in the matter of pink
holders and rosy string-bags, but a gift enjoyed every day,
bringing fancies to my mind and sweet thoughts of the time
when their mother was the little girl to give me presents.

444

For ten years I have used a scrap pail (it may not be
called basket) made from a small butter firkin. Another
little girl, with loving patience painted a band of poincettas
and then burned a background for them. Pyrography may
turn common things into something beautiful, besides enduring.

Real love in our hearts and a sympathetic understanding
of those whom we wish to remember, will turn the season
into one of real joy, and the Christmas of childhood will
come back to us.

saps ap=abs aps ape acaba ae=abeaiesdb=dp<dbs bedi dpcabsdpsdbedpsdpsabsdpcapsdbdbsdbsdbeaedpsabsabedbedbedbipedpdpedipcdb-dp<dbsdicdps dbs)

WITHIN “THE HEDGES” AT ROSEMONT
(Continued from page 415)

Braised bsapsabsaibsab=abe Speape als dbs db desdbeapsdpsdpeabsdbcaPesdp=pedpsdbsdpsabcabedecabeabsdpcdpedecdpcdeedb<dpedbsdbedpdbcdbedbsdpsdPsdecd

that terrible Winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge. A
green postern door in a vine-covered wall at one side, gives
access to the kitchen wing and the drying-garth for the
clothes. The hedge around the garth is eight feet or more
high so that clothes-lines and drying linen are never visible.
Augustus J. C. Hare is responsible for the green postern
door as something in his ‘‘Rambles in Rome’”’ suggested it
to the mistress of ‘“The Hedges” and she forwith put it on
her list of desiderata. A flight of steps made of rough-
hewn railroad ties embedded in the grass ascends the
terrace to the porch. Beyond the western hedge and a little
down the slope of the lawn is a grove so planted as to make
a tea-house beneath the shade of the branches. For all
it is an attractive place it is seldom used for the purpose it
was designed for. The master of the house with undeni-
able logic says ‘‘When the house is properly screened and
when the porch is so pleasant why go out and have tea with
the insects?”

Indoors, the excellences of ‘“The Hedges” are just as
striking as they are outside. On the very threshold we see
that the hall is paved with square red quarry tiles and the
same flooring is carried into the dining-room. Both in point
of cleanliness and color this treatment is highly satisfactory.
Opposite the entrance door is another door at the far end
of the hall, giving on the great porch already referred to,
and the vista through the house and into the garden beyond
forms a picture of rare beauty. The woodwork of the hall
and, in fact, in all the rooms downstairs, is unpainted and
treated instead with a stain to deepen its natural hue. As
the beams and rafters are all visible and the walls are
neutral or putty-colored an excellent effect is produced.

To your left, as you enter, a wide doorway opens with
one step down into the most cheerful of living-rooms, with
windows on three sides, for it takes up the whole north-
western end of the house. A fireplace with ingle seats built
in beneath a great projecting chimney-jamb fills all the
north side of the room, except at the sides, where two flank-
ing French windows open on the porch. The fireplace is
arched with brick and the hearth is paved with octagonal
Moravian tiles which, thanks to frequent moppings with
milk, have taken on the rich shades of old _ leather.
Nothing could bestow an air of more solid comfort, nothing
could better emphasize the dignity of the hearth as the
central point of family life, than the arrangement of this
fireplace.

On the west side a range of three French windows open-
ing on the porch is balanced on the east by the win-
dows above a built-in settle that could seat the ‘‘old woman
that lived in a shoe” and all her children. The windows
over the settle have inside batten shutters of dark wood
that give an unusual but pleasant effect against the putty-
gray wall. This same neutral wall is an excellent foil for
any bright bit of drapery or brass or for the spikes of
Hollyhocks, Larkspur or Lupin that usually grace the
room, ‘The furnishings are simple but elegant and the

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

lighting fixtures are so arranged that you are never pain- —

fully conscious of them.

In the dining-room the shelves over the fireplace hold
a collection of delightful odds and ends of pottery that
add an indescribable kaleidoscopic mass of color that
nothing else can give. They are nearly all heirlooms or
curios that one would never think of using, but without
these household godkins one really wouldn’t be quite
happy. Back of the dining-room is a spacious pantry, back
of that a bright sunny dining-room for the servants and
back of that again the kitchen. This kitchen is one of the
notable features of the house. There is nothing above it
and from the floor to the ridge of its pitch roof the space
is entirely open but for the occasional timber braces. This
open space, well ventilated, and the hood over the range
effectually prevent any smell of cooking from penetrating to
the rest of the house. That unutterable concoction, sauer-
kraut, could be cooked with impunity; no one would ever be
the wiser. Beneath the kitchen and maids’ dining-room
are ample laundry accommodations.

At the landing of the stairs, just before reaching the
level of the second floor, is a ‘‘snuggery’’—it would not be
right to call it a room for it is not—where the family can
and do sit and bask in the light of a range of casement win-
dows overlooking the garden. On the second floor are
five bedrooms and two baths so arranged with inter-com-
municating doors that one can pass from one end of the
house to the other without once stepping into the hall. Sev-
eral of the bedchambers have fireplaces and one where a
settle has been built against the wall and a ship’s porthole
let in above it is particularly engaging and cosy.

All the woodwork of the bedrooms is painted white and
the doors throughout the house have flush panels. Their
severe simplicity is remarkably pleasing and they offer no
place for dust to collect. That consideration was what
really first suggested them. Long black iron strap hinges
and black locks with brass doorknobs, saved from the
wreck of a dismantled Colonial house, mark the doors
with picturesque distinction. Abundant storage room in
capacious closets and in the space under the eaves will ap-
peal to the heart of thrifty housekeepers.

On the third floor the rooms are well lighted and, more
than that, well ventilated, so that they are far cooler in hot
weather than one might fancy from their position under the
roof. The furnishing of all the bedrooms is wisely, simple
and light without anything to cluster and make them stuffy.
Commonsense combined with good taste is the keynote of
“The Hedges” and this happy combination has achieved
most satisfying results both indoors and out. With such
an example of old Pennsylvania barn architecture to follow
it would be small wonder if the ranks of barn-dwellers were
to make rapid increase, and prove in coming granary trans-
mutations, that in material as in ideals we live in the past.

ACTION OF SHRIMP ON TIN

og) T1E popular idea that only acid substances
attack tin is a fallacious one. Fish, aspara-
gus, beans, pumpkin and spinach are not
acid and yet their corrosion of tin is quite
marked. This is probably due to the pres-
ence of amino compounds, substances re-
lated to ammonia. In the case of shrimp, the cans are often
eaten through in a comparatively short time. So alkaline
is the methylamine contained in the shrimp that workmen
in the canneries find the skin peeling off their hands and
their shoes eaten through. Shrewd observation by some
canners led to the discovery that if the shrimp were iced
for a day before canning the corrosive action of the juices
was greatly diminished. This is now the universal practice.

December, 1912

Ste kich tat

December, 1912

HANDWORK BY CHILDREN IN
AMSTERDAM

RECENT exposition of hand-made

articles at the Amsterdam City Mus-
eum indicated that ninety-nine per cent
of children who are given an opportunity
to do handwork manifest a creative fac-
ulty and a disposition to create things.
Children make all kinds of articies in clay
and cardboard, while older ones also pro-
duce articles from wood and metal. In
some Amsterdam schools handwork is in-
troduced between instruction in the usual
studies and is found to teach the children
to observe, to train their memories, to
make the hands skilful, and to create a
liking for art and ornamentation. There
is a society in this country to examine
would-be teachers of handwork. Those
passing are given certificates for clay and
cardboard work, for woodwork, etc. Such
certificates are required by the govern-
ment in appointing teachers for institu-
tions for feeble-minded persons and also
for some other institutions. The society
mentioned has annual courses of instruc-
tion for teachers, and is assisted financi-
ally by the government. During the re-
cent exposition a series of meetings were
held, at which artists, persons of technical
pursuits, and others interested discussed
the best ways and means of handwork
instruction for prospective teachers.

ACCIDENT PREVENTION EXHIBIT

PERMANENT exposition, which

should be of interest to everyone, has
been opened in Copenhagen and has for
an object to exhibit the latest devices and
measures to prevent accidents and in-
juries to workmen. It is projected by
the Danish Association for the Protection
of Workmen, and is aided by the factories
and firms furnishing the apparatus. It
contains exhibits looking to the preven-
tion of accidents by power raising, trans-
mission, and working machines, as well
as measures looking to the carrying
through of regulations relating to fac-
tories; also statistics and literature. It
includes an exhibition of water gages il-
lustrating measures to be taken in attend-
ing steam boilers, and an instructive col-
lection for the enlightenment of the
worker on dangers incident to steam boil-
ers. The protection of workmen consists
not only in means for protecting them
from mechanical injury, but also the im-
provements of conditions generally look-
ing to their health, and it is the intention to
change the exhibits from time to time so
that they will illustrate advancements which
may be made toward the end in view.

ELECTRICAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS

LECTRICITY contributes a surpris-

ing number of gift articles for serious
use, for convenience and for amusement—
a considerable increase for the holiday
season of 1912. A recently published list
comprises over 125 of such special articles
in which small amounts of electric cur-
rent are transformed into light, heat or
power, the varying applications showing
the extent to which electricity has entered
home life. Electric heating and cooking
devices and appliances for saving labor
in the household head a list of “gifts for
women.” Then there are about thirty
electrical toys for children, appealing
mainly to boys, of course. Over twenty
other articles suitable for men are made,
and almost as many again for bedroom
and nursery comfort.

ars as a ee en ee ee ee ee ee

j
|

poe —paaae ea
l
0]

RESeBES

Sas Berkey & Gay shopmark

means as much on furniture

as ‘‘Sterling’’on fine silver. It
is not a label and is more than a
trademark. It is inlaid—a perma-
nent part of the piece, and we put
it there as our guaranty of value and
worthiness.

With the displays on their floors
in connection with our portfolio of

direct photogravures, our dealers’

enable you to choose from our entire
line. In addition to these, our
special gift pieces in ‘‘novelty’’ furni-
ture have an individual appeal.

Berkey & Gay Furniture Co.

178 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan

SO Se

(JHE highest expression of beauty and charm
3 ai, # combined with utility and worthiness will

% be found in any gift bearing the Berkey
& Gay shopmark.

The pieces to furnish a bedroom, library or
dining room would constitute a wonderful remem-
brance, but our dealers can show you many single
pieces which, while reasonably priced, still make

gifts which will always be cherished.
a present of Berkey & Gay furniture you can say: ‘‘This is

For Your Children’s Hetrlooms

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

In making

UR deluxe book, ‘Character
in Furniture’’ gives an inter-
esting and informative ac-

count of the origin of period furniture.
It is illustrated in color from oil
paintings by Rene Vincent. Wewill
mail a copy to you direct for fifteen
two-cent stamps. And, asa help to
you in your making of gifts, we will
gladly mail you our special new book
entitled ‘“‘Entertain-
ing Your Guests,”’

which is descriptive

of single pieces that
are particularly ap-.
propriate. \

This inlaid mark of
honor identifies to you each
Berkey & Gay piece

Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden

furniture or A 40 of wood columns.

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable for
PERGOLAS, PORCHES or
INTERIOR USE
ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Eastern Office:
1123 Broadway, New York City

ANTIQUES
of all Sorts

Send 4 cents in Stamps for Catalog of Anti-

ques.—Rugs and Christmas Gifts. I ransack

1000 Attics annually. My Stock is replete
with fine Old Things from New England

Homes.

Hand Made Rugs

Hand Braided
Hand Woven
Hand Drawn-in
Hand Hooked
Rag Carpet. Quilts—Spreads
Old Chintz—Patch Work

Ralph Warren Burnham
Ye Burnham House
IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS

xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1912

ca ERI Mae SS I eo

ERE is the opportunity to end your heating troubles without risking

a cent until you are satisfied they actually are ended. If you are tired

of under-heated or over-heated rooms, prove to your own satisfaction that
you can have uniform heat—just as you want it—all the time.

Automatic Thermostat
Heat Regulator

**The Janitor that
never Sleeps.’’

Write for full details of trial offer, and copy of our booklet “Automatic
Comfort.” Name your heater-man or plumber, if possible.

aN EEC LURING Oe 10 Bridge St., Bellows SEU, ME

Sample and A House Lined with

a Mineral Wool

Free
as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice,
nor insects can make their way through or live init.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and
keeps out dampness.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

: 7 U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
“Ross.sEcTION THROUGH FLoor 140 Cedar St.. NEW YORK CITY

VERTICAL SECTION,

HEALTH, VIGOR, ‘LIFE THRU LIGHT

Only 2c. to 4c. for a life- pulsing, invigorating, vitality-
strengthening Electric Light Bath in your own home—
taken just as conveniently with this Robinson Electric
Light Bath Cabinet as you would step into and out of a
tub. Enter the cabinet—turn the switch —and_ the
myriad rays of light infuse your whole system with a
new, lasting feeling of real life.

Makes a New Being of You

Gives you all the benefits of the Turkish bath, with the tonic
effect of electric light rays in addition—a natural health preserver
for Light is Life. Cleanses and keeps the skin clear, the body full of
Miger the eens NE 4

ree oo andsomely illustrate giving com lete information
about Life Thru Light, and describing in pane cs aisnalerell cabinet,
is ready to be sent to you. Be sure you write for it—a postal card
will do—today.

ROBINSON ELECTRIC MFG. CO.
419% Robinson Bldg. TOLEDO, OHIO

ROBINSON ELECTRIC LIGHT BATH

BUILDING IN THE BIG CITIES

EPORTS- from 120 cities of ihe

United States for the year 1911 re-
ceived by Bradstreet’s show an aggregate
expenditure for projected buildings of
$824,088,000, as against $846,712,000 in
1910, and $889,723,000 in 1909.

Of the aggregate building expenditures
of the country, New York city furnished
in 1911 $188,933,000, or twenty-two per
cent. as against twenty- four per cent. in
1910, and thirty per cent. in 1909.

These declining percentages presuppose
decreases at the metropolis both from 1910
and 1909, and this proves to be the case,
as New York’s total fell seven per cent.
from 1910 and 2.8 per cent. from 1909. It
might be noted that this tendency is not
uniform in all boroughs, however, as Man-
hattan showed a gain over 1910, as did
Queens Borough also, while all boroughs
except Queens fell off from 1909, which
was the record year for the city as a whole.

Chicago is the only other city of the coun-
try which furnishes a total building expen-
diture in excess of $100,000,000, the aggre-
gate for 1911 being $105,269,000, a gain of
eight per cent. over 1910, and of fifteen per
cent. over 1909. Chicago’s proportion of
the country’s building in 1911 was twelve
per cent., as against eleven per cent. in 1910
and 1909. Of the other large building cen-
ters of the country, Philadelphia, with an
expenditure of $39,970,000, shows a slight
gain over 1910, but a slight loss from 1909.
Los Angeles, fourth city in building in 1911,
shows an expenditure of $22,947,000, a
gain of six per cent. over 1910, but of sev-
enty per cent. over 1909. San Francisco,
with an expenditure of $20,915,000, comes
fifth in the matter of value of building, with
a gain of six per cent. over 1910, but a de-
cline of twenty-six per cent. from 1909.
Other cities having expenditures in excess
of $15,000,000 in 1911 were Boston, Port-
land, Ore.; Detroit, St. Louis, Cleveland
and Washington, in the order named.
Minneapolis, Kansas City, Milwaukee,
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Newark, N. J., and
Buffalo show expenditures in excess of
$10,000,000 each.

FORECASTING THE WEATHER

HE following formula of weather
signs, Says the Christian Herald Al-
manac, was adopted by the Farmers’ Club
of the American Institute some years ago,
and it has been found to give satisfaction:
When the temperature falls suddenly,
there is a storm forming south of you.
When the temperature rises suddenly, there
is a storm forming north of you. The
wind always blows from a region of fair
weather towards a point where a storm is
forming. Cirrus clouds always move from

-a region where a storm is in progress to

one of fair weather. Cumulus clouds al-
ways come from a region where a storm is
forming. When cirrus clouds are moving
rapidly from the north or northeast, no
matter how cold it is, there will be rain
within twenty-four hours. When cirrus
clouds are moving rapidly from south or
southeast, there will be a hailstorm on the
morrow, if it be in the Summer, and if it
be in the Winter, there will be snow. The
wind always blows about a storm in a circle;
when it blows from the north, the heaviest
rain is east of you; if it blows from the
south, the heaviest rain is west of you; if
it blows from the east, the heaviest rain is
south. The wind never blows, even moder-
ately, unless rain or snow is falling within
a radius of 1,000 miles. Whenever heavy
white fros. occurs, a storm is forming
within 1,000 miles north or northwest of
you.

December, 1912

AMERICAN

HOMES AND GARDENS xiii

LICORICE IN TURKEY

NE of the chief exports from the

Smyrna district is licorice, either in the
form of root or paste. The word, which
seems to be a corruption of the Greek
glykyrrhiza, means “sweet root,” and so
it is commonly called in the Orient.

The United States is probably the best
buyer of this product, taking from the en-
tire near and middle East, according to the
best informed sources, between 40,000 and
50,000 tons in good years. The declared
export returns to this office show that over
15,000 tons of licorice. root and paste were
shipped to the United States from Smyrna
during 1910, representing a value of
$573,746, but the depressed business condi-
tions of 1911 were reflected in the licorice
exportation to the United States, which de-
creased last year to $137,848. There is
no doubt that a large surplus carried over
from last year is now on hand in local
warehouses, though it is impossible to
secure any accurate information on this
point.

Licorice belongs to the pea or vetch fam-
ily, and grows wild, the plant commonly
reaching a height of about four feet. It is
the long, straight root which is of com-
mercial value. No means have been adopted
for cultivating the plant, which requires
about three years to reach maturity, or for
improving its condition,

The manipulation of the root is very
simple. It is gathered into piles by the
laborers and left to dry, then made into
bales, in which form it is shipped. The
Smyrna exporters also have a plant in the
interior for making licorice paste. The
Asiatic habitat of licorice is chiefly Syria,
Mesopotamia, etc., and may be stated in
broad terms to lie along the fortieth parallel
of latitude or below it. Vast regions in the
valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates are
prolific in the plant, but are at present un-
exploited on account of lack of communica-
tion. The licorice root gathered in Syria
is brought to Alexandretta by camels, from
which port it is shipped.

Licorice as a drug is used to disguise the
taste of unpleasant medicines, as a coating
for pills, and is also said to have a mild
laxative action. In Egypt and India it is
used in the manufacture of sherbet. In
America licorice paste is used in enormous
quantities to sweeten chewing tobacco, and
it is also supposed to enter into the manu-
facture of various brands of chewing gum.

Imports of licorice root into the United
States during the fiscal year ended June 30,

1912, are given in official statistics as
74,582,225 pounds of a value of $1,309,789,
contrasted with 125,135,490 pounds, value

- $2,060,235, in the fiscal year 1911, and
82,207,496 pounds value $1,365,077, in
1910.

EDUCATION IN BELGIUM

CCORDING to the Annuaire Statis-

tique, compiled by the Minister of the
Interior, the proportion of illiterates in
Belgium in 1910, by provinces—not includ-
ing children five years of age (22.37 per
cent, and children less than eight years of
age (19.12 per cent.)—was as follows:
Luxemburg, 20 per cent.; Namur, 22 per
cent.; Liege, 26 per cent.; Brabant, 30 per
cent.; Antwerp and Limburg, 32 per cent. ;
Hainaut, 33 per cent.; East and West Flan-
ders, 39 per cent. In Germany, where ob-
ligatory instruction has been in force for a
number of years, there were in 1909 only
two illiterates out of every 10,000 young
men enrolled in the army, while in Belgium
in 1910 the proportion was 798 per 10,000
enlistments.

a eS Get that
Smile

It was caught in
an instant by a
lens of surpassing
merit. The perfect
illumination and uni-
formly clear defini-
tion can not be sug-
gested by the repro-
duction. The best
results will be within
| your reach with a

Bausch’ lomb feiss
‘TESSAR [ENS

Its remarkable power of gathering and transmit-
ting light gives great speed —clear definition —
perfect illumination. The Tessar is unequaled for
portraits, landscapes, action subjects, etc.

“A Book for Burglars”
is important to
everyone who seeks
safety in locks.

Sent Sree on request

The Yale & Towne Mfg.Co.
9 Murray Street, New York

Install a

Paddock Water Filter

You will then use for every household purpose pure
water. Paddock Water Filters are placed at the
inlet and

Filter Your Entire Water Supply

removing all desease bacteria, cleansing and purify-
ing your water.
Write for catalog.

ATLANTIC FILTER COMPANY

309 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y.

In New York City
PADDOCK FILTER COMPANY
152 East 33rd Street

If You Are Building, You
Should Have This

PORTFOLIO of
WOOD PANELS

T shows on
panels of ac-
tual wood just
how your wood-

work and _ floors
will look when finished with Johnson’s Wood Dye, Pre-

pared Wax and other finishes. It also gives full specifications and instructions
so that any good painter can successfully do your work. In this portfolio the
Johnson wood dyes are shown on oak, pine, cypress, birch, gum, chestnut, maple, etc.
It will give you many helpful decorating suggestions.

Johnson’s Wood Dye

is a dye in every sense of the word—it penetrates deeply—into the wood, bringing out its natural
beauty without raising the grain. It dries in thirty minutes and does not smudge or rub off. It is
made in sixteen beautiful shades, as follows:

No. 126 Light Oak No. 128 Light Mahogany Dy TEAL iw (Go
No. 123 Dark Oak No. 129 Dark Mahogany No. 122 Forest Green

Price and information as to the hest lens for your
purpose will be sent postpaid. Write for Booklet
34 H today. Ask your dealer lo show you a Tessar,

Bausch £% Jomb Optical C.

WEW YORK WASHINCTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

LONDON ROCHESTER. NY. FRANKFORT

No. 125 Mission Oak No. 127 Extra Dark Mahogany No. 172 Flemish Oak
No. 140 Early English No. 130 Weathered Oak Nowe Suerouon Ee s
No. 110 Bog Oak ae 131 Brown Weathered No. 120 Bumed Oak

0. 132 Green Weathered

Also Get This Book Free!

Is Just Off The Press

You will find it particularly useful if you are contemplating
building, if you are interested in beautiful interiors, if
you want to secure the most artistic and serviceable
finishes at least expense. This book is full of
valuable information to everyone who is in-
terested in this line. We will be pleased to
mail you a copy upon request.

Please Use The FREE Coupon

S. C. Johnson & Son

Racine, Wisconsin

‘The Wood Finishing Authorities ’’

COUPON

IT am_ building.

Please send EREE
Pont onoe owt Wi
Panels and 7 Boonie

edition A. a 12

XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1912

Jer Christmas

Your presents are treasures or
trifles, according to the thought you
put into them.

Beautiful, serviceable Homer Laughlin
China—a Royal gift—will cost you no
more than some trivial thing. You can
buy a few pieces or a full dinner set. Any
woman will prize it highly. Three times a day
it will bring pleasure to her and her guests.

Ask your dealer to show you the trade-mark name
“Homer Laughlin” which appears on the underside of
each dish. It is our guarantee to you.

The China Book, richly illustrated in colors, ex-
plains how China is made in the world’s greatest

pottery. Send for it. It is free.

te, The Homer Laughlin China Co.
HOMER JAUCHLIN Newell, West Virginia.

JUST PUBLISHED

Scientific American
Reference Book
Edition of 1913

it contains 608 pages and 1,000 illustrations, is substantially bound in
cloth, and the cover carries a special design
printed in three colors

Albert A. Hopkins A. Russell Bond

Compiler and Hditor for Part I. : STATISTICAL Compiler and Editor for Part IT. Screnviric
INFORMATION. Editor of Cyclopedia of INFORMATION, Editor of Handyman’s
Formulas, Handbook of Travel, Ete. Mem- Workshop and Laboratory. :
ber of the American Statistical Associa- M4

tion.

The editorial staff of the Scientific American receives annually over fifteen thousand
inquiries, covering a wide range of topics—no field of human achievement or natural
phenomena is neglected. The information sought for in many cases cannot be
readily found in text books or works of reference. In order to supply this know-
ledge in concrete and usable form, two of the Editors of the Scientific American
have, with the assistance of trained statisticians, produced a remarkable Reference
Book, containing over seventy-five thousand facts, and illustrated by one thousand
engravings, for which the entire world has been scoured. Immense masses of
government material have been digested with painstaking care with the collabora-
tion of government officials of the highest rank, including cabinet officers, and assisted
by competent professors of world-wide reputation.

Part I. Chapter VII. Chapter XIII. Chapter I.
STATISTICAL IN- RAILROADS. PATENTS, TRADE- CHEMISTRY.
a 1 ] . 3 MARKS AND COPY-
FORMATION. Chapter VIII. RIGHTS. Chapter II.
Chapter I. THE PANAMA CANAL, Ok ASTRONOMY AND ‘TIME,
POPULATION AND SO- i _ e Yhapter XIV.
CIAL STATISTICS. Re CE Tae ae ARMIES OF THE Chante Bee
TELEGRAPIS 4 4 METEOROLOGY.
Chapter TI. CABLES. WORLD. a
FARMS, FOODS AND Chapter XV Chapter IV.
MRCS Chapter X wise ers MACHINE ELEMENTS
FORESTS. A. NAVIES OF THE AC } MENTS
Chapter ITI. WIRELESS TELEG- WORLD. AND MECHANICAL
MINES AND QUARRIES. RAPHY. ¢ = MOVEMENTS.
‘hapter IV Chapter XI Chapter XVI. : ahs
Chapter IV. Chapter XI. AVIATION. Chapter V.
MANUFACTURES. TELEPHONE STATIS- GEOMETRICAL CON-
’ oy V TICS OF ‘THE STRUCTIONS.
Chapter V. WORLD Part Ii. eae
COMMERCE, ae Chapter VI
5 NIT " :
Chapter VI. Chapter XII. SCIENTIFIC IN WEIGHTS AND MEAS-
MERCHANT MARINE, POST OFFICE AFFAIRS. FORMATION. URES,

Net Price $1.50 Postpaia

Send for large prospectus and specimen pages

MUNN & CO., Inc., PUBLISHERS 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY

THe Party Boox. By Winnifred Fales
and Mary H. Northend. With numer-
ous illustrations from photographs.
Crown 8vo. Decorated cloth. $2.00 net.
Some of the valuable information con-

tained in this volume is of course scattered

through various books on entertaining and
allied subjects, but a book especially de-
voted to party-giving in which the hostess
is shown how to adapt and apply general
principles to specific conditions and occa-
sions has been much needed. The authors
of the work have obtained intimate knowl-
edge of the subject in the preparation and
illustrations of articles contributed to im-
portant magazines, and every hostess will
find the book very helpful. The volume
is divided into four parts, the first being de-
voted to luncheons and dinners, and con-
taining chapters on the invitations, setting
the table correctly, and formal and infor-
mal menus. Part II, devoted to table deco-
rations, contains chapters on color schemes
and centerpieces, Jack Horner pies, candle
shades, place-cards, nut and bonbon hold-
ers, decorated tables for special holidays,
including national holidays, Valentine’s

Day and St. Patrick’s Day, weddings and

wedding anniversaries, bridal showers, en-

gagements and debutante luncheons, ete.

Useful information regarding refreshments

for evening parties will be found in the

third part, including chapters on new ways
of serving ice cream, beverages hot and
cold, and cakes, salads and sandwiches.

Part IV gives information as to what to

do for entertainment, including guessing

contests, games new and old, etc.

THe Son or Cotumsus. By Molly Elliot
Seawell. New York: Harper & Brothers.
1912. Cloth, 8vo. 236 pp. Price, $1.25.
This is a vivid, picturesque tale of the

Spanish court in the days of Columbus.

Through the boyish enthusiasm of two

youths, one of them the son of Columbus,

the author conveys a lively impression of
the stir and bustle, the excitement and
anxiety preceding the great adventure of

Columbus, and the dramatic scenes attend-

ing his triumphant return. This is an ad-

mirable story book to put into the hands of
any boy or girl.

JosEPpH PENNELL’S PICTURES OF THE
PanaMA CaNnaAt. Philadelphia and
London: J. B. Lippincott Company:
1912. Cloth, 8vo. Full page illustrations.
Price, $1.25 net.

These pictures of the Panama Canal
(there are twenty-eight of them), by
America’s greatest living illustrator are re-
productions of a series of photographs made
by Joseph Pennell on the Isthmus of
Panama from January to March, 1912, and
the impressions and notes which accom-
pany them are also by Mr. Pennell, who
calls the achievement of the canal con-
struction “the Apotheosis of the Wonder
of work.” He goes on to say “from my
point of view it is the most wonderful
thing in the world; and I have tried to ex-
press this.” That he has succeeded remark-
ably well in doing so is not a surprise to
those conversant with the artist’s extraord-
inary ability as one fortunate enough to
possess the present book will discover,

December, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV

HARPER'S GUIDE TO WILD Flowers. By
Mrs. Caroline A. Creevey. New York:
Harper & Brothers: 1912. Cloth. 8vo.
Illustrated. 555 pp. Price, $1.75 net.

This excellent volume explains the
easiest way of identifying wild flowers and
plants by a reliable system of classifica-
tion. As a guide to the flowering plants
growing wild in New England, the Atlantic
seaboard, the Middle States and, to a lesser
extent in the Southern States, Mrs, Cree-
vey’s book can be recommended as reliable,
handy, and entertaining. The full page
drawings are carefully executed and are
generously supplied throughout the pages.

Royat GARDENS. By Cyril Ward. New
York and London: Longmans, Green &
Go: 1912. Cloth. Large 8vo. Illus-
trated in color. 182 pp. Price, $5 net.

“Good taste and a feeling for color helps
one to make a garden an entirely suitable
setting for the house; and a sense of pro-
portion and fitness will come to his aid in
designing all details. Paths for convenience
in working, and ease in visiting the various
parts of the garden, will, as it were, sug-
gest themselves. And garden accessories,
for convenience, for appearance and for in-
terest, will be designed with such wise and
careful taste, that they will appear thor-
oughly at home in the places chosen for
them, and will increase not only the use-
fulness and comfort, but will add, also, to
the beauty of the garden,” so writes Mr.
Ward in the concluding chapter of his de-
lightful and handsome volume on “Royal
Gardens.” The chapters of this book are
so arranged that the exquisite plates accom-
panying it present a full garden year from
daffodils at Windsor Castle and Spring
flowering shrubs at Bagshot Park to chrys-
anthemums at Claremont and Autumn flow-
ers at Sandringham ;-and the gardens herein
depicted include, in one or other, examples
of the whole art of garden design as prac-
ticed in Great Britain during the last three
or four centuries. That they are cultivated
to-day with a hearty acceptance of every
step in progress made in the science of
horticulture should be a matter of interest
to every garden lover inasmuch as it in-
dicates that an old established garden needs
just as much care to keep it to perfection
as does a newer one. There is not an unin-
teresting page in Mr. Ward’s beautiful
book.

VAGABOND JOURNEYS. By Percival Pollard.

~ New York: The Neale Publishing Com-
pany: 1911. Cloth, 8vo. 328 pp. Price,
$2 net.

Ali who have read Percival Pollard’s
book of criticism published a year ago,
“Their Day in Court: The Case of Ameri-
can Letters and its Causes,” which was re-
viewed by AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS
some months ago, will eagerly seek this
volume, which does not pander so much to
the needs of travelers as to their sense
of humor. The book does not profess to
inform. It does no: direct us how to get
there; what luggage to take; nor instruct
us as to what must be seen, what avoided.
All such general orders, the author wrote,
surely affect only those that admit them-
selves without identity of their own—the
members of the rabble. This book is ad-
dressed to individuals. It is the whimsical
record of an individual’s adventures along
the primrose path of entertainment. The
book’s range of comparisons, between Ber-
lin and Boston, London and New York,
Paris and Washington, will give the stud-
ent of our central modern civilization plenty
of food for thought.

-
,

A -

Improve Your Property With
Structures of Cement

Portland Cement concrete is permanent—fireproof—
rotproof—ratproof—weatherproof; not expensive in first
cost and a saving in the long run. Against a background
of green foliage nothing blends so beautifully as the soft
colors possible in concrete. Use

UNIVERSAL cement

properly mixed with clean sand and gravel or crushed

stone for sound, everlasting concrete. The quality of

UNIVERSAL is the highest. It is carefully tested—runs all

alike. If you build foundations, sidewalks, posits, cisterns,

cellars, steps, garages or what not, build them of concrete.
We invite inquiries for booklets and assistance, in planning and execut-

ing concrete work. Write us for information on any subject relating to
the use of cement. The following booklets are full of interest and information:

CONCRETE SILOS~— (Free) CONCRETE SIDEWALKS-~— (Free)
CONCRETE SURFACES--(Free) CONCRETE IN THE COUNTRY~— (Free)

UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT CO:
CHICAGO PITTSBURGH MINNEAPOLIS
PLANTS AT CHICAGO AND PITTSBURGH—ANNUAL OUTPUT 12,000,000 BARRELS

Electric Stationary for all kinds of

M LEANERS buildings. Electric Portable, weight
55 pounds. Country Homes special

for use with Gasoline Engine.

Broomell’s “VICTOR” e8 Stati ANY

YORK PENNSYLVANIA

xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

Sketch of the Fireplace designed and
erected by us in the Studio of F. C.
Leyendecker, Esq., New York.

We have a_ splendid
collection of Fireplaces
modeled in Pompeian
Stone. Onginal designs
promptly and carefully
followed.

Our large illustrated Cata-
logue D, full of home _and
garden ornament suggestions,
sent free.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS
The Largest Manufacturers
of Ornamental Stone
230 Lexington Ave., New York |
Factory: Astoria, L. I.
New York Selling Agents
Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotta

Sun Dials
Pedestals
Tables

—s

MARBLE—Sexd for ou7 Catalogue FREE.—TERRA COTTA

Wilson’s Outside Venetians

Blind and Awning combined, for windows, porches and
piazzas. Artistic, durable, unique.
Send for Venetian Catalogue No.5

Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co., 5 West 29th Street, New York

Send at once for our Book-
let No. 3 on Bay State Brick

and Cement Coating pro-

tection.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

INC,
82-84 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

BAY STATE

66 59
FLOOR VARNISH

ar Wey SON SL EE
PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES

OWNERS AND BUILDERS
OF CEMENT HOUSES

Write for interesting free book telling how cement build-
ings can be successfully painted and water-proofed at
slight cost.

It contains color plates showing how CHI-NAMEL
CEMENTONE will improve the appearance of new cement
buildings, and make the exterior of old buildings look new.

THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8604 Kinsman Rd., Cleveland, 0.

ITALIAN OBJECTS OF ART

at prices within the reach of all
New Importations

Terra Cotta, China

Statuary and Italian Pictures

@ | | La Botreca, “The Shop”
fe 28 East 28th Street, New York

The Scientific American Boy

By A. RUSSELL BOND. 326 pp., 340 liius. $2 postpaid
A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE
q Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording

entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Com-
plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti-

cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc

BENCHES

Francis Howard
5 W.28th St.N.Y.C.
Benches, Pedestals,
Fonts, Vases, Busts é
See Sweet's Catalogue for 1912
Send 15c. for Booklet Pages 1598 and 1599
SOAS CS a aD

ENTRANCES

GARDEN EXPERTS

A BEGINNER’s Star-Book. An Easy Guide
to the stars and to the astronomical
uses of the Opera-glass, the field-glass
and the telescope. by Kelvin Mclkready,
G. P. Putnam’s Sons: New York and
London, 1912. Cloth, 8mo. VII, 14s
pages. 70 Illustrations. Price, $2.50 net.
The numerous opportunities furnished by

the astronomies ot to-day to study the face

of the nocturnal sky are materially aug-
mented by the entrance of the Beginner's

Star-Book into the field. The author, Kel-

vin McKready, has made it an easy guide

to the planets and the stars and has clearly
shown the uses of observation instruments.

In the matter of illustrations, most of the

photographs have been taken at the Mt.

Wilson, Lowell, Yerkes and Lick Observa-

tories and the glorious display they afford

of nebule, moon surfaces, clusters, comets,
dises, coronas and spots attests the efficiency
of the means of their reproduction and the
excellence of the printers’ work. Part of
the book is devoted to opera and _ field-
glasses, binoculars and mounted small tele-
scopes and their uses. Besides being a vol-
ume for the beginner, the author has made
it an aid to the general reader and a use in
connection with any of cur modern treatises
on astronomy. It is intended also for the
service of those who wish to add to their
knowledge without optical assistance.
Those who need tables and maps will find
the explanations laid down in clear, sober
and popular treatment while the great
amount of accurate work done in present-
ing the many data of the night charts and
their key maps for any year, and the ob-
server’s catalogue, puts the brand of value
on a vast body of stellar and solar informa-
tion and illustration. The book also proves

that it is difficult to secure a glass without a

blemish, for the author in grinding his ex-

cellent crystal, leaves in a bubble that holds
too many selections from poetry.

By-PatHs IN CoLtectinc. By Virginia

Robie. New York: The Century Com-
pany: 1912. ‘Cloth. .8vo., “350) pages:

Price, $2.40 net.

Every enthusiast over rare and unique
things which have passed the century
mark will want this book with its wealth
of reliable information on the age, decora-
tion, value, ete., of old china, furniture,
pewter, copper, brass, samplers, sun-dials,
etc. And the general reader, not yet an
enthusiast, will find very readable and en-
thusiasm-firing this chatty narration of
Staffordshire highways and byways, of the
many fascinating things to be found in
neglected corners, of the great pottery and
furniture-designers and their work, of col-
lecting in all its phases. The book is not
onlv a reliable working hand-book for
both the amateur and experienced col-
lector; it is also good reading for one who
would have an intelligent appreciation of
and joy in the value and sentiment of
“old things.”

AMERICAN GRAPHIC Art. By F. Weiten-
kampf. New York: Henry Holt & Co.,
1912. Cloth. 8vo. Gilt top. Illustrated.
372 pages. Price, $2.75 net.

The history of American painting and
sculpture has been written more than once
in recent years. That of the reproductive
graphic arts (etching, engraving on wood
and metal, lithography) and their applica-
tion to such specialties as illustration, book-
plates, posters, remained to be told. In
“American Graphic Art” this whole field is
reviewed in a comprehensive though sum-
mary manner by its author, Mr. F. Weiten-
kampf, who is a well-known authority on
the subject of the graphic arts. The accom-

WRITE FOR IT

J. M. HANSON’S
Magazine Agency

the largest in the world, furnishes all
Magazines and Newspapers. Amazingly
Low Prices, and quick, accurate, and
reliable service.

Save Magazine Money

Our 1913 Catalog (44 pages) lists more
than 3000 Periodicals and Club Offers.
It’s a BIG MONEY-SAVER, and is FREE
to you for the asking.

=~ Beate N O W

J. M. HANSON’S MAGAZINE AGENCY
229 . Hanson Block, Lexington, Ky.

Do You Want to Purchase A Home ?

If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do
not find just what you want—Address

THE REAL ESTATE MART,

Care of American Homes and Gardens

361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

BOOKS

WE HAVE JUST ISSUED A

NEW CATALOGUE.’ of scientific
and technical books, which contains the titles
and descriptions of 3500 of the latest and
best books covering the various branches of
the useful arts and industries.

OUR “BOOK DEPARTMENT”

CAN SUPPLY these books or any
other scientific or technical books published,
and forward them by mail or express pre-
paid to any address in the world on receipt
of the regular advertised price.

SEND US YOUR NAME AND

ADDRESS, AND A COPY OF
this catalogue will be mailed to you, free of
charge.

MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
361 Broadway New York City

December, 1912 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvi!

plishment of individual artists is considered
primarily in its relation to general move-
ments; the domain of the biographical dic-
tionary is not invaded. Such a connected
account of achievement in a wide range of
possibilities carries us from the earliest
products of these arts, with a predominant
historical interest, to the most recent efforts
at original expression, as we find it in the
use of etching, wood-engraving, and lithog-
raphy as painter arts. The appeal on both
antiquarian and aesthetic grounds is there-
fore evident.

PIGEON SCOUT STATIONS

XPERIMENTS have been made in

Germany in the use of pigeons for
scouting purposes. The pigeons are pro-
vided with miniature cameras furnished
with shutters that are released automati-
cally. The birds are set free from such | ff oS g UE
points that they are liable to fly over the | FM a4r ies

enemy’s fortifications. When they re- \ Ui \ Identified: The Perfect Door |

ie pa ANS peoeoeteps eels y There’s extreme satisfaction in the assurance that you will never have |
ie on ne Ae x aT : occasion to regret a deal of such real importance as purchasing the doors |
RE a aR and woodwork for your new or remodeled home. That’s the kind of satis-

pear on the film. A field station for faction that goes with every
use Of pigeon scouts consists of a vehicle

on which is a small dark room, and this | Jj GUARANTEED

also carries a pigeon cote. The last is | MORGAN hoooe

supported on a pair of lazy-tongs, so that ;
it may be elevated by operating a pair of ||| Morgan’s iron-clad guarantee to replace every imperfect Morgan Door (handled with proper
crank handles at the rear of the vehicle. SANE) WINES OWE DENG NeSe ElsO BEN) Sai,

T ° wpe Fe “The Door Beautiful,’”” our large free book, is full of artistic pictorial suggestions for
When the pigeon flies into the cote, the building approved styleand lasting durability —complete satisfaction—into modern homes. *

latter is lowered and the camera is re- | Get the book from us and get Morgan Doors from your dealer. All dealers who value -
moved from the pigeon, after which the’ their reputations sell Morgan Doors. You'll know them by the “Morgan” brand _
film is developed in a few minutes. | on the top rail. But send your request for ““The Door Beautiful’ now. ;
=a | Morgan Sash & Door Co., Dept. E2,Chicago, U.S.A. py
| MORGAN COMPANY MORGAN MILLWORK COMPANY ce
HOW SAMSON DID IT : Oshkosh, Wis. Baltimore, Md.
28 LESTINE seems never to h ave de- E ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors found in Sweet’s Index, pp. 910 and 911.
veloped an art or a culture or her

”

own, says the London Athenaeum, “and
to have been content with the most de-
graded survivals of those of her successive e
masters. Thus the Egyptian, Assyrian C P d G d F

and Greek antiquities found on the site oncrete ottery an ar en urniture
are all poor specimens of their kind, and By Ralph C. Davison

in no case remarkable for grace of de-
sign or skill of execution. Yet, poor as
they are, they often throw light on
biblical texts, and this is much strength-
ened by other facts recovered by Pro-
fessor Macalister.

The “passing of the first born through
the fire to Moloch” is amply supported by
the discovery of hundreds of skeletons of
newly-born children on the site of the
“High Place” of the Semitic city; and the
pulling down of the Philistine house by
Samson is explained by remains of dwell-

HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner

the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental
and useful purposes. It tells how to make all kinds of con-
crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedestals, con-
crete benches, concrete fences, etc. Full practical instruc-
tions are given for constructing and finishing the different
kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting
and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model-
ing the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing
the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and
reinforcing cement are also included The information on
color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book.
With the information given in this book, any handy man or

ings where the roof beams are supported novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of
by wooden posts resting on stone slabs, cement for the adornment of the home or garden. The author has taken for
from which they might without much dif- granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the subject and has ex-
ficulty be dislodged by an exceptionally plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail.
BEOne man. Even the “jawbone of an 16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages. 140 Illustrations.

ass” story is made more plausible by the Price $1.50, postpaid

discovery of jawbones of animals set with zs

flint teeth and used as reaping hooks, MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Pubiishers

which might easily be made into formid- 361 Broadway New York

able weapons.”

THE PEACOCK ON TABLE

| ae peacock in Shakespeare’s time was
prepared for the table with an extrava-
gant disregard to cost that no modern cook
would attempt to imitate says the London
Chronicle. Massinger, the dramatist, in

Trial Four Months, over 400 pages. Ten Cents
World’s Greatest Collector Magazine
FOUNDED IN 1895

Ghe Philatelic West and

Collector’s World
Superior. Nebraska, U.S.A.

The Schilling Press

Job PRINTERS _Fine

: : The oldest, largest monthly American Collectors’ Paper. 100
one of his plays alludes to it and other CxX- Book Art pages each issue, replete with interesting reading and advertising,
pensive dishes of the period: and oe Press ee bared nau Cunos, c Ro oe

5 an ntire overs, eapons ana Ss, istonica
Men may talk of country Christmasses, Catalo vw, Work Discoveries, Minerals, Relics of all kinds, Old Books, etc. Over
Their thirt Z und butt 14 Wye th : a g 3,600 pages issued in two years, An unimitated expensive
3 y po y er eggs—tneir W k A Specialty meritorious feature is the publication in each number of illustra-

pies of carp’s tongues : or. tions of leading collectors and dealers of the world.

50 cents for 12 numbers; Foreign and Canada,

137-139 E. 25th St., New York $1 or4s. Sample Free

L. T. BROD i
Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS cece STONE, SUNS

Their pheasants drenched with ambergris;
The carcasses of three fat weathers bruised
To make sauce for a single peacock.

xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1912

A A KINEMATOGRAPHIC STUDY OF
Complete Your Heating System STREET CONDITIONS

With a MARVEL THERMOSTAT T the Cities’ Exposition held recently

in Duesseldorf, Germany, the perils

‘Marvel”’ trols the heati tem as th : 5
The ‘‘Marvel’’ controls the heating sys' as the governor controls an engine. It of street traffic were illustrate damsel me

automatically controls the drafts so the heater gives the desired temperature regardless of

changing conditions out doors. By constantly having the fire under perfect control there vincing manner by means of kinemato-
is no waste fuel—no fire caeet noe pve heated apparatus— the drafts require no attention graphic pictures made by the Dusseldorf
)) whatever from any person—and the life of the heater is greatly increased. Your coal lasts Str Dae > i
co Street Railway Company. Everybod
longer and the ash pileis smaller. The ‘‘Marvel’’ also opens the drafts of the heater be- 2 pen By y

fore you arise in the morning and warms up the home while you sleep. The ‘ ‘Marvel " knows that it is dangerous to board or to
is a necessary part of any heating system and ‘‘ Makes Any Heater A Better Heater.” An alight from a moving Car. Statistics show
annual dividend of 30 to 40°¢ is received on the investment with unknown comforts and that nearly fifty per cent of all street rail-
conveniences included, You owe it to yourself to send for more information—information way casualties are due to this foolish
why you need the “‘ Marvel” and why it is dedfer than similar appliances. :

practice. One film showed a woman

AMERICAN THERMOSTAT COMPANY, Dept. A, Elmira, New York alighting from a slowly-moving car in the

usual careless manner and coming to
grief in consequence. In contrast was ex-
’ No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS hibited a film bearing the device, “The
offane Desiqns piven, ie Signe ranging in cost Left Hand on the Left Handle” and
iin 3 showing a woman alighting properly and
orgs aa ;COST HOUSES safely. A third film illustrates the dan-
z pward of twenty-five designs, costing 7 . mabe
By far the most complete collection of plans from $1,000 to $3,000. ger which a person walking, driving or

ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page No. 3. MODERN DWELLINGS cycling behind a car incurs by shifting to

enty d t cost f 5 i sSuri i
plates. Oneralar each Soi separately. Bane caer costs ranging from the other track without assuring himself

No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES that his new course is clear. The film

MUNN & CO. I Twenty. selected designs, costing from shows a bicyclist turning to the left from
a es got BROADWAY) NEW YORK abot 2 CoO apa: behind a car and colliding with an auto-

mobile moving in the opposite direction.
Another film illustrates the notorious bad
habit of truckmen and hackmen, who per-

THE Study sist in obstructing the tracks in defiance

of the warning gongs and whistles of

RITTENHOUSE HOTEL it it overtaking trolley cars. This obstructive

policy of drivers should be combated by

Chestnut and Twenty-Second Sts. rc ( e ure energetic measures. It is intolerable and
CE TELE I

Philadelphia absurd that thousands of persons should
be delayed daily in this age of haste by

EAS Y LESSONS the selfish obstinacy of a few drivers. The
A Refined, Homelike Hotel, OR, STEPPING STONE TO time-saving and other advantages of the

Catering to Discriminating, new type of street car, in which the exit

Transient and Permanent ARGH ITECTURE is separate from the entrance, are also

Guests. shown by comparative kinematographic

Located in the very heart of By THOMAS MITCHELL studies.

Philadelphia’s most select resi-

dential section, yet within five A SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a SEAWEED FOR TRIMMING HATS

series of plain and simple answers to CCORDING to a recent number of
questions al] about the various orders as the Daily Consular and Trade Re-

well as the general principles of construction. Bis i
tree alee ama ch ree The. back eoutanig 92 paren, anole neat ports a rather unusual industry along the
Kentish Coast has come to public atten-

service of the highest standard. cream plate paper and illustrated by 150 engrav- : 2 :
ings, amongst which are illustrations of various tion through a complaint lodged with the

European Plan, $1.50 per day and historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size, Kent Fisheries Committee. The inhabit-
American Plan, $4.00 per day and and is attractively bound in cloth. ants of the Isle of Grain and the adjoining
z ; Fee a ee a ee ee districts on the east coast of Kent, have

PRICE FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID for many years been collecting a white
seaweed that is washed up along the
shore, which seaweed has been used by
London and provincial milliners as a trim-
ming for women’s hats. ‘This, it seems,
has grown into a profitable industry dur-
9 ° ing the Winter months, when farm work
Lane S Ball Bearing Parlor Door Hangers is not to be had. Its continuance is threat-
ened by the practice of trawlers who at-

; . tach barbed wire to their trawls and
Are the easiest running, gather the white seaweed before it is ripe,
selling the alge thus collected at a very
low figure. In the ordinary way, the sea-

t t I h weed falls off from the roots and is washed
strongest, as well as the ashore, but the trawls pull it up by the

most durable hanger on roots and thus destroy the source of sup-
g ply, besides leaving nothing for the is-

the market to-day. For landers to collect but the refuse that has
‘ been thrown back into the sea by the
twenty-five years univer- || | trawlers.

minutes’ walk of the railroad
sections.

R. VAN GILDER, Manager Munn & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, New York

most nearly noiseless,

il
ii sally recognized in the SLEEPING COMPASSES IN JAPAN

Building Trade as the N Japan, says Harper's Weekly, no nat-
ive ever sleeps with his head to. the
very best Hanger made. north, for the reason that the dead there

are always interred with their heads in
Get our catalog of other that direction. One result of this custom
Al is that in the sleeping-rooms of many of
goods. the private houses of Japan, to say noth-
ing of the hotels in the cities, there is con-
LANE BROS. oie Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. spicuously: posted ome oa
information of guests, a diagram of the

points of the compass,

December, 1912

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

Volume [X. January—December, 1912

(@ ===:

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

FAR

PNeDr eX

COLD ( O) Pz SEL Zz

sai

—
oo 00 SON
—— ||

——

(@ =n @ =

00<¢3000

A@nariecnateibecame a OUSE... 62-5. 5024- = 271
Wepnick house of distinction: ..........--.++: 20
PNMGOTKOTN IAG GNOME! serowedcirs .siensiese aceey 8 eee wants 176
Pra hesenieelilloand etc cece ae ccc sci mars: 154
Awcountry home at ‘Roslyn, I. D.....2....-% 196
A country house from an old mill......... 277
A house on English Gothic lines............. 132
Enousemtiat gtells ats! Stony... .4-..-.55-8- idl
PREEGUSE: witlia NiStODY: << sce :csctas eens ots 128
Askons Island country houwse--5............ 3
A Massachusetts country home.............231
Menovel way Of Serving fruit..J5.2........- 192
Allowance versus credit system.............. 263
An American cottage of English type........ 205
mnearchiteces home im the country.........- 164
PNIALGIIECCES LOW) MOUS senesced. 50
Aniold colonial farmhouse... i4.00.64 40.2 -0> 284
An unconventional bungalow of hollow tile. .248
INMEIGtES AS —fUTniShinGS\...\2 2.22 cere cision welts « a5
mpiilidays im the gardens: ...ssi- a. estes: 140
ACSGP BEE “aileron: Cup n ae Bone 404
PRECHEEY™ SEH TEVIVAl, Obs cierirdaeer ele quacicuene Sts 400
Architects—
Adden & Parker, Boston, Mass............ 349
Albro & Lindeberg, New York, N. Y..... 3
RBIOUISEES: NI) CANT GIy 5 55 cro scaeseccetrvratens «ote EAL
Bafesnc Elow, New. York; NiY ss-.200: «- 40
Chandler, Howland S., Boston, Mass...... 231
Dietrich, E. G. W., New York, N. Y....149
Emerson, Wm., Boston, Mass..............308
Gage, Herbert, Boston, Mass............. 380
GettesO-y New York IN. Yo ic. ce. eecax 43
Geto Ose New “Vork oN), Yosecc egos: 170
Gifford, Charles Allen, New York........ 44
Hewitt & Bottomoey, New York, N. Y....277
Karbyne Pettit, New: York, N. Y........ 44
Lauritzen, William C., New York........ 166
ieneas® Herbert, New York, N. VY......... 151
Mann & MacNeille, New York, N. Y..... 149
Mires le... New, York. INOW. . sc. <- 43
INGEEISA oe Pe aiNiew Yorks INe Y.55. 9900: 269
Phillips, John H., New York, N. Y...... 50
Phillips, John H., New York, N. Y...... 150
Savery, Schettz & Savery, Philadelphia, Pa.158
Slee & Bryson, Brooklyn, N. Y.......... 44
Slee & Bryson, Brooklyn, N. Y........... 132
Stoddart, W. ., New York N.Y. ........ 11
Silman, Wonis EH, (Chicago, Wil........-. 86
Tynan, Mrs. F. G., Glen Ridge, N. J...... 152
Van Antwerp, D. S., Montclair, N. J...... 44
Walker & Gillette, New York, N. Y...... 196
Walker & Gillette, New York, N. Y......376
Wider Qamivazzandl ¢ -jccloec cme wictesielceie > 2 20
Wethrell, Frank, Des Moines, Ia.......... 81

White, Benjamin V., New York, N. Y....205
White, Benjamin V., New York, N. Y....243

Woodward, Miss Dewing................. 320
Wright, Frank Lloyd, Chicago, Ill........ 86
INEEMMIECEES) EESIMENCE, Atl. .25266+n0+e eer eeese 81
Around the garden, department......33, 68, 104
140, 186, 224, 260, 296, 332, 368, 404

ASTUTE: ¢ con drce ec Biro en ET ee 226
mupeeactive Waking dishes... 222420 eeeee esse ners 72
A WTRGING - ROSE ES eS nee eee Dae eee ar 246
Automobile power, running a house-boat by.212
Aviation and civic improvements...........303
Basdboxes. of olden days... ..02-022022 oot. 384
VABIIROONNS = 2 oieceiec cic 22 253, 254, 255, 256, 257
ATO Lee eee ree 6, 62, 131, 133, 23
257, 269, 358, 367, 379

DecIMcepiie (AS PASHIMe. «2.2. 0ec nc ece enue nce 3
BAS (ABIDE pte Deer CI Rane eee 214
EGASSUMOOKS) Old FASS 2)..2.40.0 0200 cece caer 242
Brick house of distinction, a..........+++++2 20
PEe EMC DIGING, Of. 000. nce cence scene B40
RISES Rea T AIM TASES 3 a0 dooce co oie ween ate eves 359

Bungalow of hollow tile, an unconventional. .248

CAL AICE ATG! LETT) ec ese Oe IOC CEE IRIS 330
Carnation growing for everyone.......... sein OS

i)
ZB
TN fas a= ———— 17 i SSS EORHITI lr
(@ SSE Sane @) ome (@)| Same | @) oe 7 1@)
Caisiciliis, a Inomne iim HN@suacascnncvccdsn0a0e 320 Dwight, Miss Florence, Pasadena, Cal... .349
Celenyeinommseedt wy treet eases anette e 69 Gifford selarryeH ps otmimity IN, Jinsss sae 44
Chaletronethemmainmcoastmarnrererer heer: 97 CGosmany Js Wey Caldwell, No Jie- se. -- 148
Child, developing habits in the...............370 Guthrie, Mrs. Charles S., New London,
@hildrentsi@platesie. cremate ere. ctes se. 191 Conn eee enlist oe ee beets oe BOB
Cityapantni eit manger treet acre om tee 61 Inlaill, Geomse ID, IDEs, INIA eo555eo70500- 231
Colonial furnishings, a house built for...... 380 Hamilton, John L., Wallaceton, Mass...... 248
Colomischememithy ino molt aera reeerrrer er 66 Held, Max, Brooklyn, N. Y..... Sere 132
Concerninesithembreakstastaasssenerae eee 35 Joinmegom, IMDGS ILOmSS céccconcdéssccssncon sel
Convenient window device.................. 192 Johnson, Mrs. M. F. H., Hackensack, N. J.148
Corner attractive, making the............... 49 Jones, J. Levering, Philadelphia, Pa......315
Cottasewan little sinamesnmenmaree creer ee 153 Jones, IMS, SiiRooscsscccsda0ss0acnocnnacee!
COUMMSS Ot SHIGGO; Dessoognuasoouvcosnadsooud 166 Lea, IL, 12,, Crpysastowoy, Calla snsoscncosnccsce 176
Country House, a Long Island.............. 3 Maver, Cardio, Iekowdieie IL, Ibs aas555nanac 3
Cow theeramilys Ma epyersetrraceiie cctcsonceuar cs ac 29 Wkeravba, IDye, ID), Je, Siesesvie, INC iooascacoo- 243
Newel, Vo Oy Gian iid, ING Iosssacsas- 152
DECOTALIVCMAntu ee wl aa Nt eee meee eres 293 Pakes, S. A., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J....170
Decorative art, museums and................ 293 Parker, Mr., Groveland, Mass.............128
Decoration of remodeled farmhouses........ 294 Phillips, John Hl, Yonkers, N. ¥..--.....- 50
Dining-room .6, 26, 27, 41, 42, 49, 52, 55, 82, 131 Pickslay, W. Morton, Mt. Vernon, N. Y..152
133, 176, 178, 189, 197, 206, 232, 244, 269, 287 inney, (Givi Dongan Elly No Wo... 3
295, 310, 350, 358, 377, 381, 383,-390, 391, 399 Pisland, Mrs. Presby, Bronxvllle, N. Y.... 39
Door ikmockerseeias see ese eee SRA ie te 99° ~Porter, Russell F., Lands End, Maine...... ST
Doors for Wn Ilene. ccsnecsuooacscoobeuads 54. Russell, William F., Summit, N. J........ 205
IDirehsey Commins soncenuooucesopesoacnaan -66 dilney, Sheldon; sNew Jersey..0-...-... 20
Ducks on a small place, raising........... =a. 181 Valentine, Mrs., Bay. Ridge, N. Y........ 44
Dykes FRPUUKE ROOESo on naccnossaosbanooscacaanen 336 Warde eas Douglastonm Parke Ueess-. 149
Wethrell, Frank, Des Moines, Ia........ 81
Edwards, E., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J...... 173 Wilson, Robert Cade, Summit, N. J....... 11
INERT won wie dalle Gane s eines eneaS 318, 333 Winans, Mrs. E. B., Tuckahoe, N. Y.....- 150
TDVSTPAASMS WOVE WAGONS aoonco oanecedenocauds 23 Woodward, F. W., Glen Ridge, N. J......152
VOmoNeha Ss UTES 4 pocacoacsenccscuuoonopes 76 Woodward, Miss Dewing. . .320
Woodruff, Timothy L., Garden City, L. I.. 40
alleplantinouemereety ter hep eect i te 344 Wright, Frank Lloyd, Chicago, Ill.......... $6
alleplantinesaabtulbSeahOneerrrrertieiiei acre QR JelObIKS Sor iim @ geialem, Aces coosonncassagocetile
ixineanipeaismallu houses me renen cnn nn: 188 How to dispose of table refuse.............. 192
TENOYEWaTEEE HONS. eye A ens > eee ee ho carn ae ee 283 Low stom makes good slawns-e sass se nee 100
Firjontispieces ss... ces ce. 74, 110, 146, 194, 230
238, 266, 302, 338, 374, 410 Inglenooks pogd.cumsded go ccbanbacceasecooonDE 168
Munmishings, jaMtiques) asia... see 1G nissan Cltdowetu@y ohcotadaumisc6aeqse5 cece 31
Furnishing a house for $1,000............... Uap plutcrionsdecorations etayameemsri ss ae ees 138
Furniture .....ccieceeeeeeee 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 235 Interior decorations, the value of effect in..102
236, 237, 238, 274, 275, 276
Furniture of good design, garden........... 16QMME ODanesescanden etheuant Oleeen serosa aes ott
IBYeHROINEERS, ORIEN, oo ocounoeneccaccncacasuoad Sao elem mle thie (eat demare rapier ere e meer ea see
IRhSpAOMRETHS, NiKOWSdgononoesnacesoocasd sou ecagas 274 ;
Kinnecott, F. W., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J..172
GCanden, A OCheswamie IBHill, .occencnsscsccsonsne IE ISUOUST CEMON? So dtoaccsonscosuseacsasoce 106
Garden furniture of good design............ 162
Garden) making, in Americas... 2-. 5+ caee: Goumeeanpseande candles. eens soe eee ea = 330
(Geseatantiteoy AGO) conan ener cea ore eee ark eae S 989) laws how to: maker = 2... 2.5 .anecs ene o- 100
Glass, stained and leaded for the house...... ee Uline WSIS Soa See ccgsoe seo sdnSno Honaeee
Goldtishte pre pry pee he ene ne. tl 327 Little houses for little people............... 386
Crayesine mternon edecorationtern rr ecne ig“ LUANAINE MOORE” canes enaa8aongenoenee dean oes. 180
Living-rooms ....6, 11, 27, 49, 53, 61, 62, 66, 82
Habits in the child, developing.............. 370 123, 129, 168, 176, 179, 189, 196
IBIS boucooe (....12, 129, 133, 165, 196, 206, 244 206, 208, 223, 232, 244, 248, 249
269, 279, 284, 350, 352, 353, 378, 398 258, 259, 269, 272, 273, 278, 285
lnleWIKan7G> INOS MOIS “doac peacuocndonoununs 18, 19 286, 295, 309, 317, 321, 329, 310
Hardware for the small house...-.......... 402 358, 381, 382, 39S
lnlasrahwanre, (de INCE nonccccsscocenenesoacon 14 ;
Helps to the housewife, department..35, 70, 106 Making the corner attractive............... 49
1D, RQ, PAB, OES, SOE SL Io, doa Wilermdny Geveclemtarey Sos sosncossnesseeuonscnece 104
Hollow tile, an unconventional bungalow of..248 May-time in the garden..................... 186
lBlorine-loxsnillese, WMS socagcccscvncccnacsocnde0 Seyi IIGE Nie. COLI nino cinboSeemPHia en Clear ace 308
Home of distinction, a country............. 395 Mid-summer in the garden.................. 260
Home of a musician, a western.............. iy Wiloles anna ns TEKH ooo cadcodgosqcceousodao- 220
Bierce. ne GAGGIO snocooodaasosceenossonaces 135 Mother’s part in athletics, the................ 226
[Flog Swine IS Abe. conasounuacbeasasae 406 Mount Pleasant on the Schuylkill...........351
House in the suburbs, the SEE Pt a ee ae a 40 Museums and decorative aT Ess on je Soe
lnloyoGenlyoene sebhoboibates Bln ooaucvunoccuevcvucucne 212 N : 2
rigs oe vew SWAY INDESS, Qococdaccecssescunussoncc 118
Adams, Robert H., Los Angeles, Cal...... ivy November garden notes..................... 404
Adams, William, Lawrence, L. I.......... 164 October in the garden.......................368
Beard, C. C........... JO 2-99.00 0 2.909.000 0 42 Odds and ends in fruit......................372
Broprabaneho, Il, Jal, InveeKebhoves IMIEIOG oaeanaoo 349 Old English Brass Hooks 349
Callancw Marist Plmoyel lmstonds Na Y-5950 Ontpuildines.. 0.00). eg oR
Callaway, William T., New Jersey........ 118 ets ale Pa BPE act
Charleton, J. W., Bronxville, N. Y........ AS@ephaccantamune) Amenicankemenaceeseecs aces oe e230
Genie Icihoin Ie, Wile Wermaver, ING WGocc06 Gjil Pe whotnael REGAN Good oo ode daccouuousounaoneeee
Coyt, Robert C., Rockport, Mass.......... 20 ammme CON Y Mtllerrversteteicjorcinl tercrts vere erate carat ale sie soic tiie ke 323

Perennials, table of, for Fall planting......... 348
IPFA: oamipeco soodada cos aKooModoO ldo dKeCsS 354
Pheasants) keeping” a Tews oe scidctsciteeits se 364
Pianos in relation to their surroundings...... 56
Blantinowtablem cies cic cicse sculecrseiniea clos cyerere core 80
Plumbing of homes, the sanitary............ 253
Rorcelainetablewanemmercetceeiie sti it ae ere 185
Bortable whos eS mats ctese sts.crele ee fitters = cede os aves ote 218
Power plantsthe 1solatediaa.).cmicee anieeeiacre 250
Neadinocam Viassemaehouseiateaemerncerreeccane 349
RealeitapeStrles eciege sista chet tnie to veuatotelecejeuesetess 45
Remodeled houses thesecre ccs ocece oe tees satel,
Rock work for the home grounds............204
Rosesmsthemoandeni vote. emcee scc acten saree 112
Saddle-Horse for the country kome, the..... 135
Sanitary plumbing of homes, the............253
September anmthercardenaania.c stele sie ie BOe

Smaillivhouse: the.)..cseecace oe come eee 148
Small houses of stone and stucco............ 158
Something about the luncheon............... 70
Stained and leaded glass for the house...... 83
Stone and stucco, small houses of........... 158
Stliccos aucottare sOnase eens cr ein inenee 166
Suburban house, a Western..:....... sects 86
Sunporely © 43.50.36 as, cwneles cetrei 1 eee torturer 2
Soho sosgeonoanowadadsodacodnenceth Lie Ps
Tapestries) Real: -Asnasecac on See 45
RhesAmenicanspageante-tse eee eet eet 239
DRhewAueustecardentes eee ee eer 296
Mhergardenarcla vatcvsce aco eess este iee ay kee ere 210
TMheshousevhardwate.... 2 so0 ae ner ee 14
ithe isolated’ power plant. -.......9 eseeene es 250
Tiles; some domestic ses for. ..:2-. eee 174
ioolseior housekeeping este eee 142
‘Rramineoreourscinlswthe secs teeeere rit 298

AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS

December, 1912

Transforming the winter interior......... Pap hss!
Tuxedo Park, a country home at............. 376
Unity in interior decoration..............- Rope cil
Vacation home .......0:s0:: = eeenee eee . 222
Vegetable garden, planning and planting the.. 92
Vegetable garden, summer work in the........ 200
Vegetable planting, tablesy.. «.seeee eens 96, 97
Wall papers, left-over. :.....+ss7 eee eee 66
Wall papers, some old-time....-........se008 122
Weather-vanes © .%......c:.01 «hoe Jee eee 392
When there is no 1ce......-.e nee nee 192
Why Colonial’? ..... cc. .0a0 See ee eee 366
Within the house—department....... 31, 66, 102

138, 184, 222, 258

294, 330, 366, 402
Woven) furniture) \.0c. + eee Hee eee 274

EE a

——

ayaa

Mish a

An Electric Town and Suburban Car
for General Family Use

That Saves a Chauffeur—Saves Half on Upkeep Cost—And Does Away With ‘‘Trouble”’

Absolute town car comfort and convenience at the lowest possible upkeep cost
—Combined with royal luxury and elegance and a style and impressiveness that have no rival, —
Is enjoyed every day in the year, with complete freedom from “‘trouble’’ by owners of

The Silent Waverley Limousine—Five

Seating five grown people without crowding—the driver in
front with full view al1ead—simple, safe and easy control per-
mits every member of the family to drive safely.

Full elliptic springs insure easy riding—Waverley Drop Sill
construction allows of a perfectly balanced body, lower by six
inches than any other high-grade electric.

More speed than you can use in city driving and more
mileage than you need in a day.

40 cells, 11 plate Exide Hycap, or Philadelphia, or 13

plate Gould or Waverley all M. V. size jar. Ironclad
Exide or 60 cells Edison at extra price.

Let us send you the Silent Waverley Electric Year Book
which illustrates and describes the Limousine-Five, Limousine-
Four and six other Waverley pleasure car models.

It is a beautiful production with decorations by famous
artist—a book which graces any library table. Yours on re-
quest, together with the Waverley Commercial Car catalogs,
showing types ranging from a light delivery wagon to a 5-ton

truck. Address

The Waverley Company
169 S. East Street, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

Cuicaco OFFice: 2005 Michigan Avenue

New York OFFIcE: 1784 Broadway

ORL PRE

will make this Christmas )

last all winter
= Gee

ULE STALE REDD

(Quar tered Oak) *20

Mahogany

MONG the sixteen models of Columbia

Grafonolas and Graphophones between
$17.50 and $250, the five instruments
shown here are representative.

And every Columbia instrument will play
for you—whenever you like or your friends
suggest—all the music of all the world by
all the world’s great artists, vocal and in-
strumental, who have ever made disc records

-without one exception.

Columbi

y TRADE MARK

Columbia

im Ncue sareil”’
Mahe

any or

Ola Records are
Double-Disc Records, inter-
changeable on any make of ‘i
disc talking machine. PSY

Columbia Jf ‘Regal’
“40 |

with record albums
310 extra

@ Mahogany.
or
Quartered Oak

Columbia ‘“‘Regent”

Mahogany or Quartered Oak

*200

Columbia ‘‘Favorite”’

4 ee Mahogany or Quartered Oak
*50

Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen’t.
Box 249 Tribune Bldg., New York
Dealers Everswhere

the one ideal gift |
forall the forily | ee
for all the year around _

in the World. Exclusive’ se} thee “
rights granted to dealers wheres 2

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "American homes and gardens"

See other formats