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PAE LDIANA:’: ZOOLOGY

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Volume 31 FEBRUARY 28, 1951 No. 42

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
OF
THE HOPKINS-BRANNER EXPEDITION

TO BRAZH:

KARL P. SCHMIDT
CHIEF CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

AND

ROBERT F.. INGER
ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF FISHES

The herpetological collections made by the Hopkins—Branner
Expedition to Brazil in 1911 were purchased by the California
Academy of Sciences, where they have since been stored. On the
return of the senior author from the Marshall Field Brazilian Expedi-
tion in 1926, Mr. J. R. Slevin, of the California Academy of Sciences,
wrote concerning the existence of this collection; and, after some
delays, application was made for the loan of this material, which
comes in large part from northeastern Brazil, a region of special
interest for its faunal relations with Paraguay and Matto Grosso.
We are much indebted to Mr. Slevin for his interest and trouble in
arranging for the study of this collection. The only specimens that
have been recorded from it are the Cnemidophorus ocellifer, reported
upon by Charles E. Burt in his review of the genus (1931), and the
amphisbaenas, reported in a separate paper (Schmidt, 1936). The
further twenty-four year delay in the preparation of the present
report results mainly from the failure of the plans for continued
studies in Brazilian herpetology and mammalogy formulated by the
senior author and Colin Campbell Sanborn on their return from
Brazil in 1926 and 1927, which have failed of execution through
causes beyond their control.

The personnel of the Hopkins-Branner Expedition consisted of
Dr. Harold Heath, of Stanford University; Dr. Fred Baker, of Point
Loma, California; and Dr. William M. Mann, now Director of the

No. 661 439
ws story Survey ic LiSRARY OF [HE

Library aN, :
MAi i fe wo

440 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 831

United States National Zoological Garden. Their collecting stations
in northeastern Brazil are shown on the accompanying map. Drs.
Baker and Mann made a separate trip up the Amazon and Madeira
to the Bolivian border, and their collections from this region are
included in the present report. We have included notes on and
comparisons with specimens of various species in the Brazilian
collections of Chicago Natural History Museum.

The importance of this collection lies in its great amplification
of our knowledge of the fauna associated with the chain of savannas
extending from the Paraguayan Chaco and Matto Grosso to Ceara
and Pernambuco—a fauna that is distinct on the one hand from the
forest and mountain fauna of eastern and southeastern Brazil and
on the other from that of the Amazonian forest. The senior author’s
attention was first drawn to the interesting connection of the fauna
of the upper Paraguay with that of northeastern Brazil by his
studies of the South American caimans (Schmidt, 1928, p. 224,
fig. 3), in which he showed that the record of a caiman from the
Parnahyba River, Piauhy, by Siebenrock is based on a specimen of
Caiman yacare, the common species of the upper Paraguay. An
even more striking clue to the faunal relation of the open country
of southern South America to that of this corner of Brazil is supplied
by the deduction by Mr. Colin C. Sanborn regarding the type locality
of the three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes tricinctus Linnaeus. He
shows that it is extremely probable that this species came first from
northeastern Brazil, and restricts the type locality to Pernambuco;
and this conclusion is confirmed in a subsequent note (Sanborn,
1930a, p. 62, fig. 1; 1930b, p. 504). Burt’s map of the distribution
of Cnemidophorus ocellifer should have exhibited a similar distribu-
tion but by some extraordinary confusion of the records he shows
the range of C. ocellifer as extending from Paraguay to eastern
- Santa Catharina (see p. 454), which misses the essential feature
of the distribution of this savanna fauna. The chain of savannas
is well shown in any modern phytogeographic map of South America
(cf. Goode, 1948).

The species in the present collection that illustrate this faunal
relation between the Paraguay—Matto Grosso region and north-
eastern Brazil are the following: Bufo paracnemis, Hyla spegazzinit,
Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Polychrus acutirostris, Philodryas nat-
terert, Cnemidophorus ocellifer, Xenodon merremii, Liophis genimacu-
lata. To these may be added Caiman yacare and numerous other
amphibians and reptiles. Among mammals the large marsh deer is
a conspicuous form with the savanna corridor distribution.

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 441

The ranges of South American amphibians and reptiles are usually
stated in such vague terms that the correlation of the faunal arrange-
ment with physical or vegetational features is obscure. As more
and more ranges of individual species are plotted in detail, we feel
sure that the savanna fauna of the central Brazilian area from the
northeastern states to Matto Grosso will be found to constitute one
of the most important of these correlations. It includes not only
the great number of actively spreading savanna species of the
present, for which this habitat is a highway of distribution, but
also a number of relict forms that represent a western fauna of the
east Brazilian highland, which may have been isolated as a distinct
continental mass by transgressions of the sea in the Amazon and
Tocantins basin.

The following is a list by states of the Brazilian localities at which
collections were made (see also fig. 85):

Amazonas Para
Itacoatiara Belém
Manéos
Rio Madeira Parahyba 3
Independencia
Ceara Parahyba
Arg Pernambuco
Quixada Recife [Pernambuco]
Maranhao- Rio Grande do Norte
Maranhao Baixa Verde
Ceara Mirim
Matto Grosso Extremoz
Guajara-Mirim Falls Natal
(233 km. above Porto Velho) Papery
Porto Velho Lake Papery

The collection includes 81 species, which are distributed among
higher groups as follows:

AMPHIBIA

Number of Number of Number of

genera species specimens
Apod arias a ee oe ae ree be reat 1 1 1
@aecilidac.. ia Fo ee 1 1 1
@audatarce ae. take eae i eet ee ea a ae 1 1 1
Plethodontidaee-mecs see oe ee 1 1 1
Salient ail eee od ee re 8 19 189
Butonidaes: at oe beta eee sian sees eee 1 3 95
MeptodactVlidgew: oe mee fre ee Cee 1 5 58
| DAA (6 EU chpearatee ear Reece Ears ical ain, i eer ane Belt er Aien yA 6 22
Wendropatidaes 5. as Meri oh nee ek 1 2 3
Microhylidae........... 2 73 5
Ranidaerwet te eet SA ee, ee are a 1 1 6

442 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

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Fic. 85. Northeastern Brazil, showing the collecting stations of the Hopkins—
Branner Expedition of 1911.

REPTILIA
Number of Number of Number of
genera species specimens
@heloniatysder cc er ee es 5 5 10
Pelomedusidae. 30 eee ey ee ee if 1 Ht
Chelidaet fi isi ahs Oe a oe 1 1 1
Kainosternidace..20 3 ere soe een eee en 1 1 5
my. didaeca we eas ee ee eee ee eee 1 1 2
Testudinidaess- eres 0 Ae eG nee 1 1 1
Crocodiliawy es We eee in Sli ae aes Ee SRE OR 1 1 1
Crocodylidacen. | nee eel Sa eee 1 1 1
SS Una ss corer oe re ener ier alake roma 19 27 335
Gekkonidaerct aa tech iea hee solar la cere eae 4 4 27
PRN OU aC ere ee en er ea i gee borate eect eca 1 1 2
QUAHIIAGs fore ee eee tea aie ee 6 7 143
MCIAAC serene Cee Roe OA oe en alae wanda hee Ess 5 5 127
Amphishaentdaee.< 473 5- goiaket aie ate ne 2 8 24
Scincidae 3544s et A ee ene 1 Z 12
SOFPEN TOS ea cihe vstkce wee ee Se OE Pests 20 27 70
Meptoty phlopidaer. 20.2.5 sere cee iec eee 1 1 it
Colubridae! (Sensilate)sc0 ce ee eee 18 25 68
Blapidaes. 6 45-nchacls then he tor eee re eee 1 it 1
APODA
Caecilidae

Siphonops paulensis Boettger
Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892, Kat. Batr. Mus. Senck., p. 62.

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 443

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (49897).

Remarks.—Length 290 mm. (body in lateral curves); diameter
10 by 12 mm., somewhat flattened; primary rings 113 postgular,
only the first incomplete ventrad, the last two incomplete dorsad;
secondary rings two anteriorly.

CAUDATA
Plethodontidae

Oedipus paraensis Unterstein

Oedipus paraensis Unterstein, 1930, Zool. Anz., 87: 271.

PARA: Belém, 1 (65008).

Remarks.—Toes and fingers fully webbed, the third extending
into a conspicuous point. Costal grooves 18, folds between ad-
pressed toes 4; a dorsal longitudinal groove; a slight vertical groove

behind the angle of the jaw; no groove from eye. Brown above,
paler beneath without sharp dividing line.

SALIENTIA
Bufonidae
Bufo marinus Linnaeus
Rana marina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 356.
Bufo marinus Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., pt. 1, p. 219.
BoLIvIA: Abuna, 4 (49776-77, 49779-80).
AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 2 (49742, 49762); Mandos, 1 (49802);
Rio Madeira, 8 (49785-—92).
MARANHAO: Maranhao, 1 (49717).

Bufo paracnemis Lutz

Bufo paracnemis Lutz, 1926, Trab. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, p. 9.

R1Io GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 21 (49633-49, 49654—57).

Remarks.—A specimen from Baturité, Ceara, C.N.H.M. No. 6212,
collected by R. H. Becker July 24, 1913, is a gigantic female speci-
men measuring 175 mm. in body length. It agrees with the speci-
mens in the above list.

This distinct species, sharply characterized by the gland on the

upper side of the tibial joint of the leg, is represented by numerous
specimens in the collections of Chicago Natural History Museum

444 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

from various localities on the upper Paraguay River in Matto Grosso,
from Paraguay, and from Misiones, Argentina. Bufo marinus does
not occur in the savanna area.

The representative of Bufo marinus and paracnemis in the east
Brazilian forest region is Bufo ictericus Spix, which is sharply distinct
from both marinus and paracnemis. The type locality of marinus
has been restricted by various authors to Surinam; the type locality
of paracnemis is Bello Horizonte, Minas Geraes; the type locality of
ictericus is the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Bufo granulosus Spix
Bufo granulosus Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Test. Ran., p. 61, pl. 21, fig. 2.
AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 29 (49788—41, 49743-61, 49763-68).

CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49705).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 4 (49781-84).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 2 (49720-21); Ceara
Mirim, 19 (49628, 49650-5383, 49658-70, 49728); Lake Papery, 1
(49857); Natal, 1 (49672).

Remarks.—The series from northeastern Brazil is to be regarded
as the true granulosus Spix, type locality Bahia. Bufo globulosus,
placed in the synonymy of granulosus by Peters, is to be considered
as a strict synonym, being also from Bahia. Berg, and Parker
following Berg, endeavored to reinstate globulosus because of page
priority, which is not an acceptable reason for change, as elsewhere
agreed by Parker. Bufo marmoratus Wagler is based exclusively
on globulosus.

The specimens from Itacoatiara differ from the others in having
the ridges of the head less sharply denticulate and often quite
smooth, and in all the specimens the supra-nasal ridge is smooth;
these trivial differences do not warrant nomenclatural distinction,
but point to the possible existence of other characters, voice perhaps,
for field investigation.

Leptodactylidae

Leptodactylus pentadactylus mattogrossensis subsp. nov.

Type.—Chicago Natural History Museum No. 9240, from
manganese mine, Urucum de Corumba, Matto Grosso. Adult
female, collected August 19, 1926, by Karl P. Schmidt.

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 445

Diagnosis.—Dorsal cross-bands absent, dorsal skin tuberculate,
size in excess of 150 mm. Male, in the breeding season, with a
large transverse denticulate horny tubercle on each side of the chest
and with areas of small horny spines posterior to them. A single
stout horny spine on the prepollex.

Description of type.—Body stout, almost parallel-sided; femora
relatively short, heels overlapping; forearms much broader than
upper arm; skin of back with small warts and elongate glandular
folds; rounded or elongate larger glands on the sides; throat and
belly entirely smooth; posterior face of thighs strongly granulate;
toes with a trace of a web at the base, continued as a narrow ridge
on the sides of the toes; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, con-
nected with a tarsal ridge; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded; an
obscure pad between inner and outer tubercles; metacarpal tubercles
very large; tympanum smaller than the eye, separated by its own
diameter from the posterior edge of the orbit.

Coloration pale brown with darker mottlings; obscure dark cross-
bands on the limbs and dark spotting on the yellow ventral surface.

Snout to vent 158 mm., width of head 64, length of tibia 75,
tip of snout to posterior border of tympanum 53.

Male allotype.—A large male, C.N.H.M. No. 9241, collected with
the type is represented by a skin and skeleton. The secondary sex
characters are enormously developed. A large denticulate transverse
horny tubercle is present on each side of the chest. Behind these
are two areas of small horny spines, which extend on to the inner
surfaces of the upper arm. The thumb has a stout black horny
spine as wide as long. The forearms are greatly enlarged, as much
as in L. ocellatus. The enlargement of the forearm is reflected in
the enormous development of flanges on the humerus. The tym-
panum is no larger in the male than in the female.

Paratypes.—Five juvenile specimens, C.N.H.M. Nos. 9185 and
9205-8, were collected beneath the saw mill at Urucum. These
exhibit the strong black reticulation of the posterior surfaces of the
thighs on a red ground color, characteristic of juveniles of this species.
The black reticulation extends over the ventral surfaces and the
red color is present on the flanks.

A half-grown male, C.N.H.M. No. 9192, body length 131 mm.,
collected with the juvenile specimens at Urucum, retains the strong
ventral reticulation of the juveniles. The spines of the chest are

not at all developed and those of the thumb are barely distinguish-
able.

446 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

.A medium-sized female, C.N.H.M. No. 5640, from Baturité,
Ceara, collected by R. H. Becker, July 24, 1918, agrees excellently
with the Matto Grosso specimens.

We refer the following specimens from northeastern Brazil in
the California Academy of Sciences to this subspecies:

CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49704).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 8 (49620-25, 49629,
49722); Lake Papery, 1 (49846); Papery, 1 (49707).

This series includes eight males and three females. The largest
male measures 170 mm. in body length, with a head width of 75 mm.
The series is very uniform in general appearance, much darkened
by formalin preservation. None of the males have the horny chest
tubercles but the corresponding scar is well developed. The tubercle
on the thumb is large but likewise lacks the horny covering.

Comparisons.—Readily distinguished from pentadactylus penta-
dactylus (the Amazonian and Guianan form) by the absence of the
dorsal cross-bands, more tuberculate dorsal skin, larger size, and
much greater development of the male secondary sex characters.
The relations with p. labyrinthicus Spix, of the southeast Brazilian
forest region (Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul) are by no means
clear, but apparently that form has a narrower head and smoother
dorsum.

Remarks.—Miiller (1927) has shown that the name gigas Spix,
suggested by Lutz (1926) for specimens from Ceara, must be referred
to pentadactylus pentadactylus, and that labyrinthicus Spix is appli-
cable to the giant Leptodactylus of southeastern Brazil. We regard
flavopictus Lutz as a synonym of labyrinthicus. There appears to
be no previous name for the large form with the characteristic
savanna corridor distribution from Matto Grosso to northeastern
Brazil.

Leptodactylus caliginosus Girard
Leptodactylus caliginosus Girard, 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6: 422.
AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 1 (40781).

Leptodactylus typhonius Daudin
Rana typhonia Daudin, 1808, Hist. Rain., p. 55, pl. 17, figs. 3-4.
Leptodactylus typhonius Fitzinger, 1826, Class. Rept., p. 64.

AMAZONAS: Mandaos, 8 (49798-800).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 447

Leptodactylus ocellatus Linnaeus

Rana ocellata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 211.
Leptodactylus ocellatus Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6: 420.

AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 9 (49724, 49725-29, 49732, 49734-37).
CEARA: Fortaleza, 8 (49695-702); Quixada, 2 (49718-19).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 4 (49678-80, 49687).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (49626); Extremoz, 1
(49714); Lake Papery, 6 (49851-56); Natal, 4 (49674—77); Papery,
5 (49708-12).

Leptodactylus nanus Miiller
Leptodactylus nanus Miiller, 1922, Blatt. Aquar.-Terrar.-Kunde, 33: 168.
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49801).
MATToO GROSSO: Guajara-Mirim, 2 (49771, 49845).

Hylidae
Hyla taurina Steindachner

Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner, 1862, Arch. Zool., 2: 77, pl. 6, figs. 1-3.
Hyla taurina Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal., Brit. Mus., p. 363.

Bo.LiviA: Abuna, 3 (49773-5).

Hyla spegazzinii Boulenger
Hyla spegazzinii Boulenger, 1889, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2), 7: 247, pl. 2, figs. 1
and 1, a.

PARAHYBA: Independencia, 5 (49686, 49688-91).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Extremoz, 2 (49715-16); Papery, 2
(49718, 49850).

Remarks.—Hyla spegazzinii, described from Chaco, Argentina,
is a frog extremely characteristic of the upper Paraguay Basin.
Miiller (1927) has referred Pernambuco specimens to this species.
Our specimens differ from those of Matto Grosso only in somewhat
larger average size. The senior author and H. W. Parker agreed
to this allocation of these specimens in conference in 1932.

Hyla crepitans Wied
Hyla crepitans Wied, 1825, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., p. 525.
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 1 (49685).

448 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Hyla nana Boulenger
Hyla nana Boulenger, 1889, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2), 7: 249, pl. 2, fig. 2.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 3 (49630-82).

Hyla rubra Daudin
Hyla rubra Daudin, 1808, Hist. Rain., p. 26, pl. 9.
CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49708).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 3 (49692-94).

Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis Daudin
Hyla hypochondrialis Daudin, 1803, Hist. Rain., p. 29, pl. 10, fig. 1.

Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862:
355.

RIO GRANDE DO NorTE: Lake Papery, 1 (49847).
“BRAZIL”: 1 (49894).

Dendrobatidae

Dendrobates trivittatus Sprx
Hyla trivittatus Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Test. Ran., p. 35, pl. 9, fig. 1.
Dendrobates trivittatus Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal., Brit. Mus., p. 144.

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (C.A.S., no number).

Dendrobates braccatus Cope
Dendrobates braccatus Cope, 1887, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 24: 53.

MATTO GROSSO: Guajara-Mirim Falls, 2 (49770, 49844).

Microhylidae

Elachistocleis ovale Schneider

Rana ovalis Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., p. 131.
Elachistocleis ovale Parker, 1927, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 187,
p. 4.

AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 4 (49725-26, 49730, 49733).

Hypopachus incrassatus Cope
Stereocyclops incrassatus Cope, 1869, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 11: 165.
Hypopachus incrassatus Parker, 1934, Monog. Microhylidae, p. 111.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Natal, 1 (49673).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 449

Ranidae
Rana palmipes Spix
Rana palmipes Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Test. Ran., p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 1.

RIO GRANDE DO NoRTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (49627); Lake Papery,
2 (49848-49); Natal, 1 (49671); Papery, 1 (49706).

CHELONIA
Pelomedusidae
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel

Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848, in Schomburgk, Reise Brit. Guiana, p. 647.
PARA: Belém, 1 (49288).

Chelidae

Rhinemys nasuta Schweigger

Emys nasuta Schweigger, 1914, Prod. Chel., p. 29.
Rhinemys nasuta Boulenger, 1889, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 218.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (49294).

Kinosternidae

Kinosternon scorpioides Linnaeus

Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1: 352.
Cinosternon scorpioides Boulenger, 1889, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 293.

PaRA: Belém, 4 (49286, 49291-3).
RIO GRANDE DO Norte: Lake Papery, 1 (49892).

Emydidae
Geoemyda punctularia Daudin

Testudo punctularia Daudin, 1802, Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 249.
Geoemyda punctularia Siebenrock, 1909, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 10: 497.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 2 (49287, 49290).

Testudinidae
Testudo denticulata Linnaeus
Testudo denticulata Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1: 352.
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (49289).

450 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

CROCODILIA
Crocodylidae
Caiman latirostris Daudin
Crocodilus latirostris Daudin, 1802, Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 417.
Caiman latirostris Boulenger, 1889, Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 293.
RIO GRANDE DO NorRTE: Extremoz, 1 (49285).

SAURIA
Gekkonidae

Gonatodes humeralis Guichenot

Gymnodactylus humeralis Guichenot, 1855, in Castelnau, Voy. Amer. Mer.,
Rept., p. 6, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Gonatodes humeralis Boulenger, 1885, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1: 62, pl. 5, fig. 3.
Bo.LiviA: Abuna, 1 (49890).
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 3 (49828-30).

Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix

Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 17, pl. 18,
Heel.

RIO GRANDE DO NorTE: Baixa Verde, 3 (49397—99) ; Ceara Mirim,
1 (49427); Extremoz, 1 (49607); Natal, 3 (49569-70, 49572).

Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnés

Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, 1818, Bull. Soc. Phil. Paris, 1818: 188.
Hemidactylus mabouia Duméril and Bibron, 1836, Erp. Gén., 3: 362.

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 2 (49808, 49827).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 1 (49492).

RIO GRANDE DO NoRTE: Baixa Verde, 6 (49391—96) ; Ceara Mirim,
2 (49528-29) ; Extremoz, 2 (49608, 49619); Natal, 1 (49571).

Thecadactylus rapicaudus Houttuyn

Gecko rapicauda Houttuyn, 1782, Verh. Genotsch. Vlissing., 9: 322, pl. 3,
fig. 1.

Thecadactylus rapicaudus Gray, 1845, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., p. 146.
BOLIVIA: Abuna, 1 (49888).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 451

Iguanidae
Polychrus acutirostris Spix
Polychrus acutirostris Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 15, pl. 14A.
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Cearaé Mirim, 2 (49419-20).

Plica plica Linnaeus
Lacerta plica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 367.
Plica plica Stejneger, 1901, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24: 182.

Bo.LiviA: Abuna, 1 (49782).

Iguana iguana iguana Linnaeus
Lacerta iguana Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 206.
Iguana iguana iguana Miiller, 1927, Abh. Senck. Naturf. Ges., 40: 285.
BouiviA: Abuna, 1 (49783).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceard Mirim, 1 (49411); Papery, 4
(49536-89).

Tropidurus hispidus Spix
Agama hispida Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 12, pl. 15, fig. 2.

Tropidurus hispidus Peters, 1877, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1877:
409.

CEARA: Fortaleza, 10 (49579-88) ; Quixada, 1 (49611).

MARANHAO: Maranhao, 23 (49507-28, 49615).

PARAHYBA: Independencia, 138 (49453-54, 49456-66); Parahyba
River, 2 (49880-81).

PERNAMBUCO: Recife, 3 (49875-77).

R1Io GRANDE DO NorTE: Baixa Verde, 15 (49358-71, 49614);
Ceara Mirim, 7 (49412-18); Extremoz, 3 (49604—06); Natal, 17
(4954254, 49884-87); Lake Papery, 3 (49858-59, 49861).

Tropidurus spinulosus Cope

Microlophus spinulosus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 351.

Tropidurus (Microlophus) spinulosus Boettger, 1885, Zeitschr. f. Naturw.,
58s 216;

MATTOo Grosso: Porto Velho, 5 (49834-7, 49843).

Platynotus semitaeniatus Spix

Agama semitaeniata Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 13, pl. 16, fig. 1.
Platynotus semitaeniatus Wagler, 1830, Syst. Amph., p. 146.

452 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Tapinurus scutipunctatus Amaral, 1932, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7: 65, figs. 22—
25.

CEARA: Quixada, 3 (49609-10, 49612).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 25 (49455, 49467-—90).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 5 (49386-90); Natal, 1
(49618).

Remarks.—As reported by Amaral, Mertens suspected Tapinurus
scutipunctatus to be a synonym of Platynotus semitaeniatus and
Tapinurus of Platynotus. There can be no question as to their
generic and specific identity. The body form of this species strongly
suggests the rock crevice habitat.

Urocentron azureum Linnaeus

Lacerta azurea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 202.
Urocentron azureum Kaup, 1827, Isis, 1827: 612.

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (C.A.S., no number).

Anguidae
Diploglossus lessonae Peracca

Diploglossus lessonae Peracca, 1890, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 5, No. 77: 1.

Diploglossus tenuifasciatus Parker, 1924, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 13: 586,
fig.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 2 (49540-41).

Remarks.—Our specimens agree excellently with the description
of lessonae in the major character of the single large prefrontal and,
in the smaller specimen, in details of coloration. They agree further
in having two pairs of chin shields in contact with the lower labials,
_ the second pair broadly so in one specimen and only narrowly so in
the other. Both specimens have six upper labials on each side in
front of the center of the eye, and two loreals on each side. The
larger specimen differs in having the broad brown cross-bands
reduced to narrow lines in a mode of pattern evolution familiar in
the family Anguidae. Our two specimens thus connect the supposed
tenuifasciatus with lessonae, both lessonae and tenwifasciatus having
been described from single specimens. The slight differences in
the arrangement of head shields seem to us to fall well within the
range of probable variation and the supposed differences in color
pattern likewise within limits of ontogenetic variation.

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 453

Teidae
Tupinambis teguixin Linnaeus
Lacerta teguixin Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 208.
Tupinambis teguixin Boulenger, 1885, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 2: 335.
RIO GRANDE DO NorRTE: Ceara Mirim, 2 (49409-10).

Gymnophthalmus quadrilineatus Linnaeus
Lacerta quadrilineata Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1: 371.
Gymnophthalmus quadrilineatus Merrem, 1820, Syst. Amph., p. 74.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 1 (49378).

Kentropyx calcaratus Spix
Kentropyx calcaratus Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 21, pl. 22, fig. 2.
PERNAMBUCO: Recife, 1 (49874).

Ameiva ameiva ameiva Linnaeus

Lacerta ameiva Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 202.

Ameiva ameiva ameiva Barbour and Noble, 1915, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
59: 462.

BOLIVIA: Abuna, 2 (49781, 49784).

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 18 (49803-07, 49810-17, 49820-24).

CEARA: Fortaleza, 6 (49573-78).

MARANHAO: Maranhao, 12 (49499-506, 49529-32).

MATTO Grosso: Porto Velho, 7 (49832-33, 49838-42).

PARAHYBA: Independencia, 16 (49441-52, 4949598); Parahyba
River, 1 (49883).

PERNAMBUCO: Recife, 1 (49878).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 14 (49400—08, 49430,
49432-35); Lake Papery, 2 (49860, 49869); Natal, 1 (49568).

Remarks.—The northeastern Brazilian specimens, compared with
those from the Amazon basin, tend to have the lateral spots some-
what confluent vertically and fewer such vertical series. The differ-
ences between the two series seem much too slight to warrant
taxonomic distinction.

Cnemidophorus ocellifer Spix

Tejus ocellifer Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Lacert. Bras., p. 23.

Cnemidophorus ocellifer Peters, 1877, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1877:
414.

454 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

CEARA: Fortaleza, 10 (49591-600); Quixada, 1 (49613).

PARAHYBA: Independencia, 3 (49493-94, 49616); Parahyba River,
1 (49882).

PERNAMBUCO: Recife, 2 (49871, 49873).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 11 (49376-85, 49617);
Ceara Mirim, 6 (49431, 49436—40); Natal, 13 (49555-67).

Remarks.—We believe that this species has the characteristic
distribution of the savanna corridor forms. Burt, in his revision
and maps (1931, pp. 43-46, figs. 10-11), confuses this completely;
the range of ocellifer is shown as extending along the southeastern
coast of Brazil, for which there is no evidence; his detailed map
(fig. 10) places a locality in Santa Catharina, for which he lists no
specimen. We have no specimens from Paraguay or Matto Grosso,
but have no reason to doubt the records of Cope and Peracca.

Amphisbaenidae

Amphisbaena fuliginosa Linnaeus
Amphisbaena fuliginosa Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 229.
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49818).

Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus
Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 229.
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 2 (49825-26).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Lake Papery, 1 (49585); Extremoz, 1
(49603).

Amphisbaena subocularis Peters

Amphisbaena subocularis Peters, 1878, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878:
119; ties 2:

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Lake Papery, 5 (49862, 49864-65,
49867-68).

BAHIA: Queimados, 1 (C.N.H.M. No. 5660).

Amphisbaena brachyura Amaral
Amphisbaena brachyura Amaral, 1932, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7: 55.
RIo GRANDE DO NorRTE: Extremoz, 2 (49601-2).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 455

Amphisbaena heathi Schmidt
Amphisbaena heathi Schmidt, 1936, Herpetologica, 1: 29.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 1 (49374, type); Ceara
Mirim, 1 (49424, paratype).

Amphisbaena spixi Schmidt

Amphisbaena spixi Schmidt, 1936, Herpetologica, 1: 30.

RIO GRANDE DO NorRTE: Ceara Mirim, 8 (49423, type; 49421-22,
paratypes).

BRAZIL: 1 (49896, paratype).

Amphisbaena slevini Schmidt
Amphisbaena slevini Schmidt, 1936, Herpetologica, 1: 31.
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49809, type).

Leposternon polystegoides Schmidt
Leposternon polystegoides Schmidt, 1936, Herpetologica, 1: 31.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Lake Papery, 5 (49866, type; 49375,
49533-34, 498638, paratypes).

Scincidae

Mabuya mabouya mabouya Lacépéde
Lacerta mabouya Lacépéde, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip., 2: 378.
Mabuya mabouya mabouya Dunn, 1935, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 544.
BOLIVIA: Abuna, 1 (49889).
AMAZONAS: Itacoatiara, 1 (49769); Mandaos, 1 (49819).

MATTO GROSSO: Guajara-Mirim, 1 (49772); Porto Velho, 1
(49831).

Mabuya heathi sp. nov.

Type.—California Academy of Sciences No. 49589 from Fortaleza,
Ceara, Brazil. Adult male, collected by Harold Heath in 1911.

Diagnosis.—No auricular denticles; dorsal scales faintly grooved
rather than keeled; six dark stripes on the body; two frontoparietals;
appressed legs not overlapping; scales in 30 rows.

Description of type-—Body and head more depressed than in
Mabuya mabouya; limbs relatively short, separated when appressed

456 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

by somewhat less than one-fourth the length of the leg; 30 scale
rows around the body; supranasals in contact; prefrontals separated
by the suture of the frontonasal with the frontal; two frontoparietals;
parietals meeting behind the occipital; a single pair of nuchals; 4
supraoculars; superciliaries 5/4; 15 smooth lamellae beneath the
fourth toe; 538 dorsal scales from a point opposite the posterior face
of the hind limb to the nuchals.

General ground color grayish-yellow beneath, grayish-brown on
the sides, and brown above; a sharply defined light line along the
labial border enclosing the ear opening and narrowed and sharp
about one-half scale width extending to the hind limb, bordered
above and below by a dark brown line; the upper brown line 2 scales
in width separated by about the same breadth from an obscure
dorso-lateral brown line which is separated from its fellow by only
two half scales; the faint dorso-lateral lines are marked at intervals
by dark spots and these two lines merge on the base of the tail.

Paratypes.—CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49590). PARAHYBA: Indepen-
dencia, 1 (49491). Rio GRANDE DO NoRTE: Baixa Verde, 1 (49372) ;
Ceara Mirim, 2 (49425-26). ‘BRAZIL’: 1 (49898).

Comparisons.—This species is distinguished from Mabuya gua-
poricola Dunn by the following two characters: the appressed legs
are separated by about one-fourth the length of the hind leg instead
of one-half, and there are six dark dorsal and lateral stripes. It is
distinguished from Mabuya mabouya by its shorter legs and dorsal
stripes.

Remarks.—This distinct species may be directly related to gua-
poricola and thus represent the same distributional relation as that
of Cnemidophorus ocellifer and the various species listed as charac-
teristic of the savanna corridor.

SERPENTES
Leptotyphlopidae
Leptotyphlops albifrons Wagler
Stenostoma albifrons Wagler, 1824, in Spix, Serp. Bras., p. 68, pl. 25, fig. 3.
Leptotyphlops albifrons Amaral, 1929, Mem. Inst. Butan., 4: 138.
RIO GRANDE DO NorRTE: Lake Papery, 1 (49870).
Remarks.—This specimen may belong to true albifrons, the albi-

frons of authors having been shown to be a complex of quite distinct
species. It has 260 scales from rostral to tail spine, 14 subcaudals,

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 457

14 scales around the body, and 10 around the tail. The total length
is 135 mm., tail 6, diameter 2.2. The caudal spot involves the tail
spine and one and a half scales above and five below. The arrange-
ment of the head shields is essentially as figured by Klauber for the
otherwise distinct Leptotyphlops subcrotilla.

Colubridae

Helicops leopardinus Schlegel
Homalopsis leopardina Schlegel, 1887, Phys. Serp., 2: 358.
Helicops leopardinus Jan, 1865, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys., 3: 253.
RIO GRANDE DO NorTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (48835).
Remarks.—Female; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 129, anal divided;

caudals 54; upper labials 8; lower 10; oculars 1-3 on each side;
temporals 1-2 on each side; length 190 mm.; tail 39.

Helicops angulatus Linnaeus
Coluber angulatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 217.
Helicops angulatus Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 746.

Rio GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 6 (49324-26, 49344,
49349, 49353).

Scale Total

No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length = Tail
49324 o 21-19-17 117 98 Seer Oue 2 2/1-8/3 788 285
49325 co 21-19-17 116 a So 10: > hal 2/3-38 — ioe
49326 o 21-19-17 119 98 SF 20) =k ye 1/2-4/3 683 262
49344 oo 21-19-17 116 91+ 8 10 1 2 2/3-4/3 680+ 257+
49349 @ 21-19-17 121 86 So 10s eT zo 1/2-3 814 260
49353 9 28-19-17 117 84 Se oO. ed 2 2-3 850 89275

Anals invariably two.

Helicops polylepis Giinther
Helicops polylepis Giinther, 1861, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 7: 426.
BOLIVIA: Abuna, 1 (49778).

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 25-23-19; ventrals 127, anal
divided; caudals 71; upper labials 9; lower labials 12; oculars 1-2;
temporals 1-2; length 908; tail 259.

Drymobius bifossatus Raddi

Coluber bifossatus Raddi, 1820, Mem. Soe. Ital. Modena, 18: 333.
Drymobius bifossatus Boulenger, 1894, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 13: 346.

458 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

PARAHYBA: Parahyba River, 1 (49879).
Remarks.—Female; scale rows 17-15-15; ventrals 176, anal

divided; caudals 67; upper labials 8; lower labials 10;- oculars 1-2;
temporals 2-2; total length 1440; tail 335.

Drymobius dendrophis Schlegel
Herpetodryas dendrophis Schlegel, 1837, Phys. Serp., 2: 196.
Drymobius dendrophis Boulenger, 1894, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 15.
BRAZIL: Rio Madeira, 1 (49356).

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 17; ventrals 160, anal single;
caudals 69; upper labials 9; lower labials 9; oculars 1-2; temporals
2-2; total length 1090; tail 502.

Spilotes pullatus pullatus Linnaeus

Coluber pullatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 225.

Spilotes pullatus pullatus Amaral, 1929, Mem. Inst. Butan., 4: 83.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Natal, 1 (49308); Papery, 1 (49296).

Remarks.—C.A.S. No. 49808, male; scale rows 16-18-10; ven-
trals 223, anal entire; caudals 113; upper labials 9; lower labials 8;
oculars 1-2; temporals 1-2; total length 2125; tail 548; oblique
yellow bands 21+8. C.A.S. No. 49296, skin only; scale rows 14—16-—
10; ventrals 218, anal entire; caudals 117; upper labials 7; lower
labials 8/9; oculars 1-2; temporals 1-1.

Drymarchon corais corais Boie
Coluber corais Boie, 1827, Isis, p. 587.
Drymarchon corais corais Amaral, 1929, Mem. Inst. Butan., 4: 84.

CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49308).

Remarks.—Skin only; scale rows 19-17-15; ventrals 209, anal
entire; caudals 76; upper labials 9; lower labials 8/7; oculars 1-2;
temporals 2-2.

Thalerophis richardi richardi Bory St. Vincent

Coluber richardi Bory St. Vincent, 1828, Dict. Hist. Nat., 4: 588.
Thalerophis richardi richardi Oliver, 1948, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 92:
219;

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49795).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 459

Remarks.—Male; scale rows 15-15-11; ventrals 174, anal divided;
caudals 167; upper labials 9; lower labials 11; oculars 1-2; temporals
1-2; total length 725; tail 278; scales smooth except for paravertebral
rows.

Liophis cobella taeniogaster Jan

Liophis taeniogaster Jan, 1863, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys., 2: 292.
Liophis cobella taeniogaster Amaral, 1931, Bull. Antiv. Inst. Amer., 4: 87.

PERNAMBUCO: Recife, 1 (49872).

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 17-15-15; ventrals 153, anal
divided; caudals 51; upper labials 8; lower labials 10; oculars 1-2;
temporals 1-2; total length 571; tail 101.

Liophis poecilogyrus xerophilus Amaral

Leimadophis poecilogyrus xerophilus Amaral, 1944, Pap. Avulsos Dept. Zool.
Agric. Sao Paulo, 5: 81.

CEARA: Fortaleza, 1 (49307); Quixada, 1 (493804).
PARAHYBA: Independencia, 5 (49309-18).

RIO GRANDE DO NoRTE: Baixa Verde, 1 (49315); Ceara Mirim, 4
(49336, 49339, 4934142).

Scale Total

No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length Tail
49304 9 19-19-15 152 62 8 10 il 2 1-2 209 36
49310 2 19-19-15 156 47 eee) 1 2 1-2. 193 = 80
49311 5°. 19-19-15 157 652 8: 10 1 2 1-2. 205— ss 338
49312 fe) 19-19-15 154 62 8 10 1 2 12, Libs 29
49313 ie) 19-19-15 154 651 S10 aL a 1-2 205 34
49336 ce} 19-19-15 1538 62 8710 1 2 1-23 + =264 - 46
49339 ) 19-19-15 152 61 Sy 210 1 re Vea Alize 28
49341 Q 19-19-15 157 658 S10 il 2 2s A82e «3h
49342 & 19-19-15 152 46 oo 10 i 2 1-2. 200 ~=30
49315 Ge ASHLO STON bby, wa. 8. 10 1 2 1-2 a ~
49309 Q 19-19-15 152 62 8 9/10 1 2 1-2). 475, 785
49307 i; 19-19-15 156 53 8 10 1 2 1-2 660 118

Anals invariably two.

Remarks.—No. 49307 has a uniform light belly; all others are
spotted or cross-barred with black. We have followed Dunn in
referring this species to Liophis (ef. Dunn 1944).

Liophis genimaculata Boettger
Liophis genimaculata Boettger, 1885, Zeits. Ges. Naturw., 58: 229.

460 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (49295).

Remarks.—Juvenile; scale rows 17-17-15; ventrals 201, anal
divided; caudals 59; upper labials 8; lower labials 9/10; oculars
1-2; temporals 1-2; total length 181; tail 33.

Liophis viridis Giinther
Liophis viridis Giinther, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3), 9: 58, pl. 9, fig. 2.
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (49320).
Remarks.—Male; scale rows 19-19-17; ventrals 192, anal divided;

caudals 77; upper labials 8; lower labials 10; oculars 1-2; temporals
1-2/1; total length 247; tail 53.

Liophis reginae Linnaeus
Coluber reginae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 219.
Liophis reginae Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 704.
AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49796).
Remarks.—Female; ventrals 142, anal divided; caudals 65; upper

labials 8; lower labials 10; oculars 1-2; temporals 1-2; total length
164; tail 37.

Lygophis lineatus Linnaeus
Coluber lineatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 221.
Lygophis lineatus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: 76.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 3 (49334, 49340, 49343).

Scale Total
No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length Tail
49343 juv. 19-19-15 168 665 8 9 1 2 1-2 192 40
49340 Q 19-19-15 173 70 S10 a 2 1-1 450 103
49334 9 19-19-15 172 72 So G10 1 2 1-4 1525 125

Anals invariably two.

Xenodon merremii Wagler
Ophis merremii Wagler, in Spix, 1825, Spec. Nov. Serp. Bras., p. 47, pl. 17.
Xenodon merremit Boulenger, 1894, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 150.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 3 (49316-17, 49319);
Ceara Mirim, 6 (49321-22, 49327, 49329, 49348, 49350).

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 461

Scale Total

No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length Tail
49319 Q 19-19-17 153 36 (fm KY 2 3 1-2 see piss
49317 9 19-19-17 147 39 (ee W) 1 38 1-2 982 183
49316 fe) 19-19-17 151 36 AO 1 3 1-2 or eee
49327 of 19-19-17 140 44 (oe ealal 1 2 1-4 638 110
49329 op 19-19-17 188 47 t-A0 1 3 1-2 699 113
49322 ot 19-19-17 142 43 ee asia 1 3 1-1 ao Bae
49321 of 19-19-17 142 43 t LE/LO! 1 3 1-2
49348 o 19-19-17 145 46 Cold 1 3 1-2 nS gue
49350 o 19-19-17 148 44 (Gobivaltiers | ye 1-'% 611 108

Anals divided except in No. 49319.

Atractus badius Boie

Brachyorrhos badius Boie, 1827, Isis, p. 540.

Atractus badius Boulenger, 1894, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 308.

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 1 (49797).

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 17-17-17; ventrals 166, anal en-
tire; caudals 30; upper labials 7; lower labials 8; oculars 0-2; tem-
porals 1-2; total length 133; tail 15; prefrontals greatly enlarged;
internasals small; loreal elongate, narrowly entering eye on one
side, excluded on the other; one pair of oval chin shields. This
specimen falls within the usual diagnosis of A. badius, which, with
the genus Atractus in general, is in need of detailed study.

Sibynomorphus mikanii fasciatus Amaral

Sibynomorphus mikanii fasciatus Amaral, 1930, Bull. Antiv. Inst. Amer., 4:
28.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (49301).
Remarks.—Female; scale rows 15-15-18; ventrals 162, anal

entire; caudals 48; upper labials 7; lower labials 7; oculars 0-2;
temporals 1-2; total length 355; tail 60.

Pseudoboa guerini Duméril and Bibron
Rhinosimus guerini Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 991, pl. 72.
Pseudoboa guerini Amaral, 1929, Mem. Inst. Butan., 4: 40.
R10 GRANDE DO NorRTE: Ceardé Mirim, 1 (49338).
Remarks.—Scale rows 19-19-17; ventrals 211, anal entire; caudals

84; upper labials 8; lower labials 8; oculars 1-2; temporals 1-3;
total length 356; tail 72.

Oxyrhopus trigeminus Duméril and Bibron
Oxyrhopus trigeminus Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 1013.
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 1 (49330).

462 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 19-19-17; ventrals 194, anal
entire; caudals 60; upper labials 8; lower labials 10; oculars 1-2;
temporals 2-8; total length 338; tail 50; triads 2/3+15+2/8.

Philodryas olfersii Lichtenstein

Coluber olfersii Lichtenstein, 1828, Verz. Doubl., p. 104.
Philodryas olfersii Boulenger, 1894, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3: 129.

PARAHYBA: Independencia, 1 (49314).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceara Mirim, 7 (49329, 49331-33,
49337, 49346-47); Papery, 1 (49300).

Scale Total

No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length Tail
49331 o 19-19-15 181 114 8/9 12 1 2 4-4 680 209
49337 of 19-19-15 185 114 7 9/10 1 2 1-1 460 134
493382 of 19-19-15 198 115 8 10 1 a 1-2 620 180
49347 of 19-19-15 187 125 8 9 1 VA 1-1 980 310
49300 of 19-19-15 190 119 8 10 il Z 1-1 864 106
49329 9 19-19-15 199 100+ 8 10 al ee ler eae Ay ae
49346 Q 19-19-15 197 108 8 10 1 2 1-4 1185 332
49333 } 19-19-15 198 ee tO O i 2 Ne Ee
49314 9 19-19-15 196 106 8 10/11 1 ye 1-% 1160 308

Anals divided.

Remarks.—The material at hand consists of formalin-preserved
specimens in which coloration is entirely obscured. We are thus
unable to offer an opinion as to geographical subdivision of this
species.

Philodryas nattereri Steindachner
Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, 62: 345, pl. 7,

figs. 1-3.

CEARA: Quixada, 1 (49305).

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde, 1 (49318); Ceara Mirim,
4 (49323, 49351-52, 49354); Natal, 1 (49302).

No.

49305
49318
49351
49323
49352
49354
49302

AAA 100g F

Scale
rows

21-21-16
21-21-17

21-21-15

Vent.
209
215
215
209

209
210

Anals invariably two.

Caud.

131
Gi kee
123
116
130
138

S.L.

SDT
8/7 11/12
11

(o.)

8
8
owe
8

mh pe pet pet pt

I.L. Preoc.

Postoc.

So Oo OO Oo OO OS)

Total

Temp length
2-2 1237
2-3/2-6 ....
2-2 et
2-3 mete
2-2 1055
2-3 /3- ee
2-2 461

Tail
403
313
141

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 463

Oxybelis aeneus Wagler

Dryinus aeneus Wagler, in Spix, 1824, Serp. Bras., p. 12, pl. 3.
Oxybelis aeneus Bogert and Oliver, 1945, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83: 382.

AMAZONAS: Manaos, 2 (49793-94).
R1o GRANDE DO NORTE: Ceardé Mirim, 1 (49345).

Scale Total
No. Sex rows Vent. Caud. S.L. I.L. Preoc. Postoc. Temp. length Tail

49845 o 17-17-18 190 160 9 9/10 1 2 1-2 1517 586
49793 9 17-17-18 199 156 9 10 1 2 1-2 1202 467
49794 9 17-17-18 196 185 9 9/8 1 2 1-2 1339 542

Anals invariably two.

Remarks.—Bogert and Oliver have satisfactorily clarified the
nomenclatural problems involved in the designation of this species.

Oxybelis argenteus Daudin

Coluber argenteus Daudin, 1808, Hist. Nat. Rept., 6: 336.
Oxybelis argenteus Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 815.

BRAZIL: Rio Madeira, 1 (49355).

Remarks.—Male; scale rows 17-17-15; ventrals 198, anal divided;
caudals 185; upper labials 6; lower labials 8/7; oculars 1-2; temporals
1-2; total length 854; tail 481.

Erythrolamprus aesculapii Linnaeus

Coluber aesculapii Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 220.
Erythrolamprus aesculapii Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7: 845.

BRAZIL: Rio Madeira, 1 (49357).

Remarks.—Female; scale rows 15-15-15; ventrals 179, anal
divided; caudals 44; upper labials 7/8; lower labials 8; oculars 1-2;
temporals 1-2; total length 264; tail 31; black rings on body 4+
8+, on tail 44+4+2.

Homalocranium melanocephalum Linnaeus

Coluber melanocephalum Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 218.

Homalocranium melanocephalum Duméril and Bibron, 1854, Erp. Gén., 7:
859.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (493806).

Remarks.—Female; 15-15-15; ventrals 150, anal divided; caudals
26+(tail broken); upper labials 7; lower labials 7; oculars 1-2;
temporals 1-1; no loreal; length exclusive of tail 241.

464 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Elapidae

Micrurus lemniscatus Linnaeus

Coluber lemniscatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 224.
Micrurus lemniscatus Amaral, 1925, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 67: 27.

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Papery, 1 (49297).

Remarks.—Amaral recognizes the form in northeastern Brazil
as distinct, but subspecifically related to lemniscatus. Our specimen
and two additional females (C.N.H.M.) collected by Rupert Wenzel
at Recife agree in having ventrals more than 250 and caudals 30
or more, which takes them sharply out of the normal variation range
of zbiboboca, in which both ventrals and caudals average distinctly
lower than in Amazonian lemniscatus. The occurrence of three
specimens with scale counts typical of lemniscatus within the pre-
sumed range of ibiboboca presents a problem requiring additional
material and more accurate field notes for its solution. We have
accordingly not followed Amaral (1944, p. 89) in his subspecific
partition of this species.

REFERENCES

AMARAL, A. DO
1944. Notas sobre a ofiologia neotropica e Brasilica. XI. Subespecies de
Micrurus lemniscatus (L.) e suas afinidades com M. frontalis (Dm. e Bibr.).
Pap. Avulsos Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo, 5, pp. 83-94.

Burt, C. E.
1931. A study of the teiid lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus, with special
reference to their phylogenetic relationships. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 154,
pp. 1-286, figs. 1-38.

DunN, E. R.

1944. A revision of the Colombian snakes of the genera Leimadophis, Lygophis,
Liophis, Rhadinaea, and Pliocercus, with a note on Colombian Coniophanes.
Caldasia, 2, pp. 479-495.

GOODE, J. P.
1948. Goode’s school atlas.... Rev. ed. New York, Rand McNally. xvi+
286 pp.

Lutz, ADOLPHO

1926. New species of Brasilian batrachians. Preliminary note. Trab. Inst.
Oswaldo Cruz, 1926, pp. 1-16.

MULLER, LORENZ

1927. Amphibien und Reptilien der Ausbeute Prof. Breslau’s in Brasilien
1913-14. Abhandl. Senck. Naturf. Ges., 40, pp. 259-304.

SANBORN, C. C.
1930a. Distribution and habits of the three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes).
Jour. Mamm., 11, pp. 61-68, pl. 4.
1930b. Further notes on Tolypeutes. Jour. Mamm., 11, p. 504.

SCHMIDT AND INGER: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 465

SCHMIDT, K. P.

1928. Notes on South American caimans. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
12, pp. 205-231, pls. 16-21.

1936. Notes on Brazilian amphisbaenians. Herpetologica, 1, pp. 28-32, pl. 3.

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