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FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
REV.    LOUIS    FITZGERALD    BENSON.   D.  D. 

BEQUEATHED   BY   HIM   TO 

THE   LIBRARY  OF 

PRINCETON  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 


DiTisioD    ^ 

V?pt| 


ANNALS 


OF 


THE  REFORMATION 

AND 

ESTABLISHMENT  OF  RELIGION, 

AND  OTHER  VARIOUS  OCCURRENCES 

IN  THE 

CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND, 

DURIXG 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH'S  HAPPY  REIGN: 

TOGETHER  WITH 

AN   APPENDIX 

OF  ORIGINAL  PAPERS  OF  STATE,  RECORDS,  AND  LETTERS. 


BY   JOHN   STRYPE,   M.  A. 


A  NEW  EDITION. 


VOL.  II.   PART  I. 


OXFORD, 
AT  THE  CLARENDON  PRESS. 

MDCCCXXIV. 


THE 

PREFACE. 


1  MUST  acquaint  the  reader  with  some  reasons  that  pre- 
vailed with  me  to  set  forth  another  volume  of  our  church's 
history  under  queen  Elizabeth ;  and  what  encouragement 
I  had  to  take  it  in  hand,  and  to  proceed  therein :  and  then 
to  give  some  brief  account  of  what  I  have  done. 

In  the  former  volume  of  these  Annals  was  shewn  parti- 
cularly what  method  was  used,  and  what  steps  were  taken, 
in  that  great  and  happy  enterprise  of  the  reformation 
of  this  church  from  the  popish  errors  in  doctrine  and  su- 
perstitions in  worship,  wherein  it  was  deeply  plunged  in 
the  reign  of  queen  Mary,  queen  Elizabeth''s  immediate 
predecessor;  and  how  from  year  to  year  that  good  work 
was  carried  on,  and  arrived  to  some  joyful  settlement  by 
the  twelfth  year  of  the  said  glorious  queen''s  government. 
But  because  that  volume  reached  no  farther,  and  so 
seemed  to  break  off  somewhat  abruptly  in  the  course  of 
that  history,  and  the  reader  that  had  gone  so  far  in  the 
reading  of  these  godly  proceedings  would  probably  be 
willing  to  know  more  of  the  progress  thereof,  and  how  it 
went  on,  I  was  moved  to  prosecute  the  said  purpose :  and 
that  this  distinguishing  favour  of  God  to  this  land  might 
remain  on  eternal  record ;  and  for  posterity  to  know,  how 
the  divine  blessing  accompanied,  from  year  to  year,  along 
that  queen''s  reign,  that  noble  work  of  delivering  prince  and 
people  from  the  usurped  tyranny  of  Rome ;  and  advancing 
the  true  knowledge  and  free  profession  of  the  gospel  among 
us :  and  that,  amidst  all  the  opposition,  plots,  and  endea- 
vours, both  at  home  and  abroad,  from  time  to  time,  to 
overthrow  it :  which  ought  to  be  had  in  everlasting  remem- 

VOL.  II.  PART  I.  a 


ii  THE  PREFACE. 

brance  by  all  the  inhabitants  of  this  happy  island  of  Great 
Britain. 

I  was  also  wiUing  to  comply  with  the  desires  of  divers 
learned  men,  as  well  of  the  clergy  as  others,  studious  of 
our  churcirs  history ;  who  having  read  the  entrance  and 
beginning  of  this  reformation  in  the  former  volume,  would 
gladly  understand  farther  of  its  success,  and  of  the  events  of 
it  afterwards;  and  have  thought  it  pity  so  useful  an  his- 
tory should  make  a  final  stop  so  soon,  and  go  no  farther. 

And  indeed  I  was  loath  that  all  my  collections,  which  I 
have  for  many  years  past  been  making,  (for  my  own  satis- 
faction,) and  digesting  from  abundance  of  MSS.  and  ori- 
ginal letters  and  records  in  the  nation,  and  discovering 
thence  so  desirable  a  piece  of  our  ecclesiastical  history, 
should  be  lost.  Especially  also,  being  encouraged  by  the 
esteem  and  ajjprobation  of  these  my  pains,  so  publicly 
given  me  (in  the  proposals  for  the  printing  this  volume) 
by  all  our  pious  and  learned  archbishops  and  bishops :  as 
also  by  the  good  opinion  I  have  obtained  from  the  prelates, 
dignified  and  learned  men  in  the  other  kingdom  of  Ireland  : 
which  I  cannot  but  acknowledge  here,  in  gratitude  to  them 
all. 

That  which  I  have  done  in  this  volume  is,  following  the 
method  of  the  former,  to  set  down  the  various  occurrences 
of  the  church  under  each  year,  as  I  have  met  with  them. 
Wherein  observations  are  made  of  the  bishops  in  each  of 
their  dioceses ;  and  of  their  businesses,  cares,  and  diligence 
among  their  respective  clergy  in  the  dischai'ge  of  their  func- 
tion ;  and  of  the  opposition,  troubles,  and  discouragements 
they  met  with  ;  partly  by  the  inconformity  of  some  of  their 
clergy  to  the  liturgy,  and  the  custom  and  practice  en- 
joined ;  partly  by  the  creeping  in  of  popish  priests  and  Je- 
suits, to  draw  away  the  queen's  subjects  from  their  obedi- 
ence, and  for  the  reconciling  them  to  popery  j  and  partly, 
by  means  of  the  endeavour  of  many,  to  rend  away  the  re- 
venues from  their  respective  bishoprics. 

Here  is  related  also  what  was  done  in  parliaments,  (chiefly 
with  respect  to  religion,)  in  convocations,  ecclesiastical  com- 


THE  PREFACE.  Vn 

missions,  and  episcopal  visitations ;  and  what  occurred  from 
the  endeavours  of  the  Romanists,  and  other  disaffected 
parties  and  factions,  to  undermine  the  church  and  its  consti- 
tution ;  and  what  courses  were  taken  with  them  from  time 
to  time,  for  the  safety  of  the  queen,  and  preserving  the 
peace  of  her  people. 

There  will  be  found  likewise  set  down  here  divers  other 
important  matters,  well  worthy  knowledge,  concerning  se- 
cular, as  well  as  ecclesiastical  affairs,  in  this  juncture  of 
queen  Elizabeth's  reign  ;  and  her  concerns  and  transactions 
in  that  busy  and  dangerous  time  with  foreign  princes  and 
states;  as  Spain,  France,  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  Scot- 
land ;  especially  where  religion  was  concerned ;  and  being 
such  matters  as  our  historians  have  slipt  over  in  silence; 
tending  to  the  praise  of  that  queen  and  her  government, 
and  of  the  wise  counsellors  about  her.  ^ 

There  M'ill  be  also  met  with,  in  the  current  of  this  his- 
tory, under  each  year,  matters  more  private,  personal  and 
domestic :  whereby  many  particular  things  of  remark  will 
be  seen ;  and  notices  of  some  persons  of  eminence,  either 
for  learning  or  quality,  or  office  of  trust,  are  given  :  where- 
by their  memories  are  revived,  and  that  when  by  this  time 
they  are  almost  sunk  into  oblivion,  though  men  of  figure  in 
their  lives-time. 

I  have  also  taken  the  liberty  of  relating  something  con- 
cerning; literature  and  our  universities,  and  of  controversies 
arising  in  the  colleges,  and  among  the  students  there ;  with 
characters  of  some  of  the  learned  heads  and  members  of  the 
colleges  there.  Mention  also  is  made  of  books,  especially 
of  more  note,  which  came  forth  under  each  year.  And  some 
accounts  are  given  of  them  and  their  authors  also. 

I  have  been  wary  in  this  work  not  to  repeat  any  thing 
which  hath  been  read  before  in  any  other  of  my  writings 
published ;  unless  I  have  done  it  sometimes  to  improve  the 
history,  or  to  add  some  enlargements  and  more  particular 
accounts  of  what  had  been  more  briefly  and  imperfectly 
spoken  of  elsewhere.  And  where  there  may  be  in  this  work 
any  omissions  or  defects  observed,  or  matters  more  lightly 

a2 


iv  THE   PREFACE. 

touched,  they  will  be  .supj)lied  to  hmi  that  will  please  to 
consult  the  Lives  and  Acts  of  the  two  archbishops  of  Can- 
terbury, Parker  and  Grindal,  contemporary  with  the  times 
of  this  history. 

In  this  whole  undertaking  I  have  used  all  faithfulness 
and  impartiahty ;  and  set  down  things  according  as  I  found 
them  in  the  originals,  whether  letters,  records,  registers, 
papers  of  state,  or  other  MSS.  being  the  imports  of  them, 
and  often  in  the  same  words.  So  that  the  reader  may  the 
readier  depend  upon  the  truth  of  what  I  offer.  And  for 
the  better  credit  to  be  given  to  me,  there  is  an  Appendix 
set  at  the  end  of  the  book  :  wherein  are  entered  great  num- 
bers of  useful  papers  and  authentic  writings ;  some  taken 
from  the  king's  Paper-office,  others  from  the  Cotton  library, 
more  of  them  from  the  Bene't  college  library ;  in  short, 
many  more  from  the  best  MS.  libraries  in  the  kingdom ; 
exactly  thence  and  carefully  exemplified  by  my  own  pen 
from  the  originals. 

Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  this  book  may  esteem 
some  matters  set  down  there  as  trivial,  and  of  little  import. 
But  I  had  other  thoughts  of  them,  otherwise  I  should  not 
have  suffered  any  of  them  to  have  taken  place  there :  for 
oftentimes  there  be  matters  of  moment  depending  upon 
things  seemingly  of  smaller  account.  And  on  this  occasion  I 
may  use  the  words  of  Mr.  Madox,  late  of  the  Augmentation- 
office  ;  who  gave  this  answer  to  such  a  censurer  of  a  book 
Foiniuiar.  of  his;  viz.  "  That  the  formulas  entered  into  his  book 
Pref.  "  were  some  of  them  of  little  value.    He  desired  such  upon 

"  this  occasion  to  call  to  mind  the  several  monuments  of 
"  antiquity :  which  at  the  first  sight  appeared  of  little  va- 
"  lue;  but  had  afterwards  been  found  to  serve  some  not 
"  contemptible  uses :  and  that  many  things  in  antiquity 
"  prove  of  good  use  to  some,  which  to  others  may  be  of 
"  little  or  no  use  at  all." 

In  short,  I  hope  this  will  prove  an  useful  history.  And 
the  greatest  and  best  use  of  it  will  be,  to  observe  the  won- 
derful mercy  and  goodness  of  God  to  us  in  the  preservation 
and  continuance  of  oiu-  excellent  I'eformcd  religion  through 


THE   PREFACE.  v 

that  queen"'s  reign,  against  all  the  spite  and  opposition,  at 
home  and  abroad,  to  undermine  and  overthrow  it.  The  be- 
nefit and  comfort  whereof  we  enjoy  to  this  day.  For  which 
success  we  are  beholden  under  God  to  the  said  queen  Eli- 
zabeth, and  her  watchful  and  steady  government,  accom- 
panied with  the  prayers  of  the  faithful. 

JOHN  STRYPE. 


aS 


THE  CONTENTS. 


CHAP.  I. 


A 


TESTIMONIAL  from  some  in  the  university  of  Cambridge  Anno  1570. 
concerning  Cartwright's  readings.  His  letters  to  sir  William 
Cecil  concerning  himself.  But  is  discharged  the  college  and 
university.  Richard  Greenham.  Dr.  George  Downham  :  the 
odd  tempers  of  several  of  Cartwright's  followers  ;  and  their 
affected  separation.  Anthony  Gilby's  letter  to  Coverdale,  &c. 
Exiles.  Dangers  from  papists.  The  archbishop  of  Cassil's 
discovery.  Steukley  comes  to  the  king  of  Spain.'  The  dan- 
gerous condition  of  Ireland  from  the  Spaniard  and  French. 
Caution  for  the  Low  Countries.  P.  1. 

CHAP.    II. 

A  determination  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  church  of  Scot- 
land, for  obedience  to  the  new  king.  Queen  Elizabeth  in 
perplexity  about  restoring  of  the  Scots  queen.  Match  for 
the  queen  with  the  French  king's  brother.  The  queen  how 
affected  towards  it.  Astrological  inquiry  into  her  nativity 
about  it.  The  pope's  bull  against  the  queen  set  up  at  Paris. 
A  secret  popish  design  against  England.  Wrecks  upon  the 
coast  of  Sussex  claimed  by  the  bishop  of  Chichester,  A  suit 
with  the  lord  admiral  about  it.  Proclamations  about  pirates. 
The  governor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  sends  out  ships  after 
them,  P.  19, 

CHAP.   Ill, 

Orders  and  injunctions  for  preventing  frays  and  fightings  in  Lon- 
don. Constables  to  carry  staves.  The  queen's  daily  learned 
studies.  Secretary  Cecil  created  lord  Burghley.  His  troubles. 
Sir  Tho.  Smith  becomes  secretary  in  his  place.  Walsingham 
ambassador  in  France,  his  complaint.     Sir  Nicolas  Throg- 

a  4 


viii  THE  CONTENTS. 

niotton  3  his  death  ;  iliscasc  and  character.  Earl  of  Sussex. 
Mr.  Thomas  Cecil's  letter  to  him:  who  had  recommended 
him  to  the  queen.  Sir  Francis  Englcfield's  presumptuous 
letter.  Bishop  Sandys  nominated  for  London:  his  excuse; 
and  acceptance  :  his  first  visitation.  The  Italian  church  in 
London.  Fox's  second  edition  of  his  Martyrology.  Lam- 
bard's  Perambulation  of  Kent.  Dr.  Wylson's  translation  of 
Demosthenes.  P.  28. 

CHAP.  IV. 
Auno  1671. Motions  and  letters  concerning  the  queen's  marrying  with  duke 
D'Anjou.  The  matter  of  religion  the  great  article.  The 
queen  will  not  allow  him  the  exercise  of  the  mass.  Ambassa- 
dors from  France  move  for  that  article.  The  queen's  resolu- 
tion. The  treaty  put  off.  Renewed  again  :  but  to  no  pur- 
pose. Fears  and  apprehensions  hereupon.  Amity  however 
endeavoured  with  France.  Motion  of  the  match  revived. 
Discourse  about  it  between  the  French  ambassador  and  the 
queen.  She  hath  no  inclination  that  way.  Practice  of  Spain. 
Sir  Tho.  Smith  sent  into  France  for  cultivating  amity.  Pro- 
motes the  marriage  between  the  prince  of  Navar  and  the 
French  king's  sister.  P.  48. 

CHAP.  V. 

Scottish  affairs.  Dangers  by  means  of  the  ([ueen  of  Scots. 
Walsingham's  intelligence  thereof;  and  advertisement.  Mo- 
ney brought  over  from  the  pope  for  her  service.  The  French 
king  moves  for  her  liberty.  What  passed  between  him  and 
the  English  ambassadors.  The  Scottish  queen  practiseth 
w-ith  Spain,  Monies  sent  into  Scotland  for  her  use  from 
France  ;  intercepted.  Letters  of  hers  intercepted,  of  her  de- 
pending upon  Spain;  and  taking  that  king  for  her  and  her 
son's  and  kingdom's  protector.  The  Spanish  ambassador 
dismissed  by  the  council  :  and  why.  Loril  Burghley  to  the 
carl  of  Shrewsbury,  keeper  of  the  Scottish  queen.  Bishop  of 
Rosse's  book  concerning  her  title  to  this  crown.  Answered 
by  Glover,  Somerset  herald.  Rosse  in  the  Tower.  His  letter 
thence  to  the  lord  treasurer.  P.  68. 

CHAP.  VI. 

Amity  judged  more  advisable  with  France  than  Spain.  Treaty 
with  France,     Aid   required  in  case  of  invasion  for  religion. 


THE  CONTENTS.  ix 

The  Low  Countries,  in  conference  between  count  Lodowic 
and  VValsingham  at  Paris,  move  for  the  queen's  assistance. 
Spain  plays  the  tyrant.  Arguments  used  to  move  the  queen 
on  their  behalf.  Archbishop  of  Cassils,  a  pensioner  of  Spain, 
comes  to  Walsingham  at  Paris.  False.  A  rebellion  in  Ireland, 
-  hatching  in  France.  The  French  king  and  queen-mother 
privy  to  it.     Deny  it  to  the  English  ambassadors.  P.  80. 

CHAP.  VII. 

A  parliament.  The  succession  ;  and  matters  of  religion,  trans- Anno  1671. 
acted  there.  The  bill  for  reformation.  The  t[ucen  displeased 
at  it,  as  encroaching  on  her  prerogative.  Debates  about  it. 
Divers  bills  for  religion  brought  in.  Motion  for  a  new  con- 
fession of  faith.  Reformatio  legum  ecciesiasticarum  produced 
in  parliament.  Bills  about  religion  and  the  state  of  the 
church  that  passed.  Acts  against  papists.  Act  for  sub- 
scribing and  reading  the  Thirty-nine  Articles.  Many  are  de- 
prived upon  this  act,  P.  90. 

CHAP.  VIII. 

A  convocation.  Matters  done  there.  An  act  made,  very  bene- 
ficial for  employing  of  multitudes  of  poor.  The  queen's  con- 
cernments with  Scotland.  Endeavours  a  reconcilement  of 
the  two  parties  there.  Her  resolution  against  the  restoring 
of  the  Scottish  queen :  and  why.  Articles  of  pacification 
propounded  by  the  queen  to  the  two  parties  in  Scotland. 
The  queen's  agent's  notable  letter  to  Graunge  and  Lidding- 
ton.  Sends  a  challenge  to  the  French  ambassador.  His 
letters  to  the  lord  regent  of  Scotland,  duke  of  Lenox,  and  to 
earl    Morton,   intercepted.     A   book    writ    in   favour  of  the 

queen  of  Scots.  P.  107. 

CHAP.   IX. 

The  duke  of  Norfolk  unhappily  engaged  with  the  Scottish 
queen.  The  discovery  thereof  5  by  French  money  intercepted, 
sent  to  the  duke,  for  her  use  in  Scotland,  A  letter  in  cipher 
to  him  from  that  queen.  The  duke's  confession  ;  and  of  his 
servants.  The  duke's  words  at  his  condemnation  :  the  exe- 
cution put  off  by  the  queen  :  and  why.  One  Rolph,  a  con- 
cealer, executed  :  and  why.  Mather  and  Verney  hired  to 
kill  the  lord  Burghley  ;  executed.    Dr.  Story  executed.    Some 


X  THE  CONTENTS. 

particular  accounts  of  his  death  ;  and  ot'  his  cruelty.  His 
last  will.  Darbishire  the  Jesuit  ;  his  discourse  about  the 
English  affairs.  P.  117. 

CHAP.  X. 
Tbe  present  concerns  of  the  nation  for  the  queen's  safety. 
Her  marriage  thought  necessary.  She  falleth  sick.  Her 
verses  upon  the  Scottish  queen  and  her  favourites.  She  re- 
(juires  liberty  of  religion  for  her  merchants  in  France.  Or- 
ders and  exercises  of  religion  in  Northampton  ;  with  their 
confession  of  faith.  The  ecclesiastical  commissioners  sit  at 
Lambeth,  Christopher  Goodman  cited  before  them :  his 
protestation  of  allegiance.  P.  128, 

CHAP.  XI. 

Zanchy  writes  to  the  (jueen  concerning  the  habits.  And  to  bi- 
shop .Tewcl.  His  advice.  Blackal,  a  pretended  minister, 
does  penance.  Popish  priests  officiate  in  the  church.  Bi- 
shop Jewel's  death.  His  answer  to  Harding.  His  Apology, 
Friendship  between  him  and  bishop  Parkhurst,  William 
Kethe.  Loans,  Walsingham's  diligence.  Earl  of  Rutland. 
SirTho.  Smith,  ambassador.    Victory  over  the  Turks,  P.  142, 

CHAP.  XIL 

Campion,  the  Jesuit,  persuades  the  bishop  of  Gloucester  to  re- 
nounce his  religion.  Many  now  leave  off  coming  to  church. 
Of  this  sort  were  some  gentlemen  in  Norwich  diocese.  The 
bishop's  letters  thereupon,  moved  by  orders  from  the  privy 
council.  The  said  bishop's  sermon  for  satisfaction  of  puri- 
tans. Their  exceptions  to  it  in  divers  articles.  A  case  of 
matrimony.  The  earl  of  Sussex  to  the  bishop  of  Norwich, 
about  buying  and  selling  an  advowson.  The  Dutch  church 
in  Norwich.  P.  158. 

CHAP.  XIII. 

The  queen's  progress  this  year.  Treaty  witli  France  about  the 
match  renewed.  Sylva,  an  Italian  physician,  in  London, 
The  lord  Burghley's  troubles,  by  means  of  the  Spanish  am- 
bassador. Who  charges  him  before  the  council.  Falls  sick. 
Marries  his  daughter  to  the  earl  of  Oxford,  Whose  beha- 
vioin-  creates  great  trouble  to  tbe  lord  Burghley.      An  adul- 


THE  CONTENTS.  xi 

ttMcr  brought   before  tlie   commission  ecclesiastical  in  York. 
Docs  penance  at  Bury  in  Suffolk.  P.  1/4. 

CHAP.  XIV. 

A  new  parliament.  The  lord  keeper's  directions  to  them  from  Anno  1572. 
the  queen  ;  particularly  relating  to  the  doctrine  and  discipline 
of  the  church.  Bills  for  rites  and  ceremonies  brought  in  ; 
which  gives  the  queen  offence.  Her  message  thereupon. 
Severely  reflected  upon  by  one  of  the  members,  viz.  Peter 
A^^entworth :  for  which  he  is  sequestered.  The  parliament 
earnest  upon  a  bill  against  the  Scottish  queen.  Dashed  by 
the  queen.  Duke  of  Norfolk  :  his  virtues  :  his  fall.  The  prac- 
tices of  the  Scottish  (pieen.  The  parliament's  proceedings 
against  her.     The  queen's  directions  to  them  in  that  matter. 

P.  183. 
CHAP.  XV. 

The  thoughts  of  tlie  wisest  men  concerning  the  state,  by  reason 
of  the  Scottish  queen.  Her  crimes  under  five  articles.  The 
queen's  instructions  to  her  ambassador  going  to  France,  con- 
cerning that  queen.  Walsingham's  fears  of  a  Bartholomew 
breakfast.  Talk  of  putting  the  Scottish  queen  to  death.  Ac- 
count given  of  her  by  the  earl  of  Shrewsbtny,  her  keeper. 
Linen  sent  to  her,  with  secret  writing  on  it.  P.  199^ 

CHAP.  XVI. 

A  league  ofiensive  and  defensive  with  France.  Deliberation 
about  the  assistance  of  the  prince  of  Orange.  Duke  Mont- 
niorancy  comes  over  ambassador.  His  reception.  Sir  Philip 
Sydney  goes  into  France  with  the  English  ambassador.  A 
motion  made  by  the  French  ambassador  for  duke  d'Alen^on's 
matching  with  the  queen.  His  qualities.  Lord  Burghley's 
thoughts  and  advice  concerning  it.  The  queen  irresolute. 
Sir  Philip  Sydney's  letter  to  her  against  the  match  with 
France.  Cases  of  conscience  in  respect  of  marrying  with  a 
papist  J  and  suffering  mass  to  be  said.  Answered  favour- 
ably. P.  210. 
CHAP.  XVIL 

The  massacre  at  Paris.  Many  nobles  and  others  of  the  English 
nation  preserved  in  Walsingham's  house  there.  Among  the  rest, 
sir  Philip  Sydney.  Walsingham  about  departing  home.  The 
king  relates  to  him  the  reason  he  took  this  course.    Walsing- 


xii  THE  CONTENTS. 

ham  writes  of  these  matters  into  England.  The  French  am- 
bassador comes  to  the  (|ueen.  Her  excellent  speech  to  him 
of  the  admiral's  murder;  and  her  advice  to  the  king.  Some 
account  of  the  massacre.  Nothing  ])iit  extremity  towards 
those  of  the  religion.  England  now  upon  its  guard.  Rou- 
lard,  a  catholic,  murdered.  P.  225. 

CHAP.  xvm. 

The  motion  renewed  for  the  marriage.  Walsingham  declares 
his  scruples  to  that  court.  An  interview  desired  between  the 
queen-mother  and  queen  Elizabeth.  The  jealousy  conceived 
thereof.  Declined.  The  French's  dissimulation.  Walsing- 
ham's  letter  thereupon.  The  resentments  of  the  English 
court.  Still  more  bloodshed.  The  king  hurt.  Two  put  to 
death  as  conspirators  :  unjustly.  The  French  king  sends  to 
the  queen  to  christen  his  daughter.  Her  excellent  answer. 
England  a  harbour  for  the  persecuted  French  protestants. 
The  queen  protects  them.  P.  239. 

CHAP.  XIX. 

The  earl  of  Worcester  goes  into  France  to  assist  at  the  christen- 
ing of  the  French  king's  daughter.  The  earl  a  Roman  ca- 
tholic ;  but  loyal.  The  protestants  fly  to  Rochel ;  and  hold 
it  against  the  French  army.  The  new  star  in  Cassiopeia. 
Divers  of  the  murderers  slain  before  Rochel.  Rochel  still 
holds  out.  Some  others  of  the  murderers  slain.  Some 
English  oft'er  to  raise  an  army  to  go  to  Rochel,  Books  set 
forth  to  palliate  the  massacre.  How  the  Scots  resent  the 
massacre.  Now  more  inclinable  to  an  amity  with  England. 
France  false  to  England  in  Scottish  affairs  ;  and  to  the  re- 
ligion. That  king  and  Spain  privately  conspire.  A  plot 
hatching  to  invade  England.  The  pope's  legate  in  France 
practising.  P.  253. 

CHAP.   XX, 

A  libel  printed  in  France  against  the  state  of  England.  The 
queen  would  see  duke  d'Alencon  :  who  still  courted  her.  Her 
resolutions.  The  Scots  move  for  a  league  with  queen  Eliza- 
beth, The  papists  hope  for  a  golden  day.  Massmongers 
practise  conjuring.  Several  of  them  taken,  and  sent  up. 
The   disciplinarians   busy.      Admonition   to    the   parliament. 


THE  CONTENTS.  xiii 

Divers  deprived  upon  the  act  13.  Eliz.  Divers  disaffected  to 
the  government  of  the  church.  Chark,  of  Peter-house,  ex- 
pelled for  a  derum  at  St.  Mary's.  His  appeal  to  the  chan- 
cellor of  the  university.  Dering,  reader  of  St.  Paul's,  writes 
a  reflecting  letter  to  the  lord  Burghley,  His  answer  to  it. 
And  Dering's  vindication  of  what  he  had  writ.  P.  264, 

CHAP.  XXI. 

A  sermon  preached  by  Cooper,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  at  Paul's 
Cross,  in  vindication  of  the  church  of  England  and  its  liturgy. 
An  answer  thereto  sent  to  him  by  some  disaffected  person. 
Observations  therein  made,  of  bishops  maintaining  an  igno- 
rant ministry.  Of  the  Service-booii.  Of  the  titles  and  ho- 
nour of  the  bishops.  Of  the  government  of  the  church.  And 
the  applying  of  some  places  of  scripture.  P.  28G. 

CHAP.   XXII. 

Serious  deliberation  about  a  reformation  of  divers  things  in 
church  and  state.  Memorials.  Lent  enjoined.  Commis- 
sions for  concealed  lands  abused  :  revoked  :  but  granted 
again.  An  act  against  concealers.  Grants  for  penal  statutes 
checked  and  regulated.  Massmongers  at  the  Portugal  am- 
bassador's house.  The  (jueen's  progress.  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland executed.  The  queen  hath  the  small-pox.  Her  let- 
ter thereof,  and  of  her  recovery,  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury. 
She  bath  fainting  fits.  P.  305. 

CHAP.  XXIII. 

The  Great  English  Bible,  called.  The  Bishops'  Bible,  printed. 
Some  account  of  this  edition  ;  and  other  older  editions.  Pro- 
phesying set  up  at  Bury  by  the  bishop.  The  said  bishop's 
admonition  to  a  contentious  clergyman.  Stays  admitting  a 
clerk  into  a  living  :  and  why.  His  advice  to  his  chancellor, 
upon  a  disturbance  of  divine  service.  His  trouble  with  a 
fraudulent  receiver  of  his  clergy's  tenths.  Occasions  a  sta- 
tute. P.  320. 
CHAP.  XXIV. 

Walsingham,  the  queen's  ambassador  in  France,  impoverished 
in  his  embassy,  comes  home.  Dr.  Wylson  sets  forth  a  learned 
book  against  usury.      Bishop  Jewel's  letter  in  conunendation 


xiv  THE  CONTENTS. 

thereof.  Epigrams  foinicrly  made  by  bishop  Parkhurst, 
printed.  Divers  historical  matters,  both  of  himself  and 
others,  gathered  from  them.  P.  338. 

CHAP.  XXV. 

Remarks  upon  particular  men.  Sparks,  a  suffragan  bishop. 
John  Fox.  John  Cottrel.  John  Kugg.  Justinian  Lancas- 
ter. Bartholomew  Clark  :  his  testimonial.  John  Hales  : 
his  epitaph.  Cardinal  Chastiliion  :  poisoned  in  England. 
The  villain  that  poisoned  him  confesseth  it  two  years  after. 
Nowel,  dean  of  St.  Paul's,  founds  a  free-school  in  Lanca- 
shire. His  letter  to  the  lord  Burghley  about  it.  One  Blosse 
reports  king  Edward  to  be  alive,  and  that  the  queen  was  mar- 
ried to  Leicester.  Mines  of  silver  in  Cumberland  :  a  corpo- 
ration for  the  managery  thereof.  P.  350. 

CHAP.  XXVI. 

Anno  1573.  Dr.  Valentine  Dale  goes  ambassador  to  France  :  the  condition 
of  Rochcl.  The  ambassador's  letter  concerning  the  successes 
there  against  the  besiegers.  Pacification  with  the  protestants. 
The  queen  instrumental  therein.  Occurrences  of  matters  in 
France,  sent  hither  by  Dale.  Monsieur  elected  king  of  Po- 
land. A  safe  conduct  desired  for  him  from  the  queen  :  and 
also  for  duke  d'Alencon.  Liberty  granted  for  the  Scottish 
queen  to  go  to  Buxton  well.  Orders  to  the  earl  of  Shrews- 
bury. The  queen  suspicious  of  the  lord  Burghley's  favouring 
the  Scottish  queen.  His  caution  in  that  respect.  Earl  of 
Leicester  esteemed  by  that  queen  to  be  her  enemy.  How 
far  he  was  so,  as  he  declared.  Queen  Elizabeth's  real  con- 
cern for  that  queen.  A  plot  to  deliver  her  from  the  custody 
of  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury.  His  chaplain  and  another  of  the 
clergy  accuse  him  falsely  :   examined.  P.  3fil.- 

CHAP.  xxvn. 

Foreign  popish  princes  conspire  to  invade  England.  A  French 
gentleman  at  the  Spaw  gives  information  thereof.  Papists 
fled  abroad,  called  home.  Edward  lord  Windsor  one  of 
these  :  his  plea.  Theses  propounded  in  Louvain,  against  the 
jurisdiction  of  temporal  princes.  Bishop  of  Durham's  judg- 
ment of  them.     A  commission  in  every  county,  to  punish  the 


THE  CONTENTS.  xv 

breakers  of  the  orders  of  the  church  service  :  the  bishop  of 
Norwich  gives  order  to  his  chancellor  for  information  of  such. 
Several  ministers  suspended  hereupon  in  the  diocese  of  Nor- 
wich :  but  get  licence  to  catechise  and  preach.  A  letter  upon 
this  to  that  bishop.  He  restrains  them.  The  lady  Iluddle- 
ston,  a  great  papist  in  Ely  diocese,  searched  for.  P.  375. 

CHAP.  XXVIII. 

Chief  puritans.  Sampson  and  Dering  checked.  Their  letters 
and  apologies:  for  a  reformation  of  the  church's  government: 
and  against  the  civil  power  and  lordship  of  bishops.  Their 
solicitations  of  the  lord  treasurer  to  further  their  discipline. 
Sampson's  intercession  for  his  hospital :  and  for  Mr.  Heton. 
Dering  brought  into  the  Star-chamber  for  words.  His  letter 
to  the  lord  treasurer  thereupon.  Articles  required  of  him  to 
subscribe.  Other  articles  of  inq\iiry,  for  him  to  answer.  Moor, 
of  Norwich,  confutes  Dr.  Pern's  sermon.  Mr.  Cartwright. 
An  order  from  the  commission  ecclesiastical  for  seizing  him. 

P.  392. 
CHAP.  XXIX. 

The  privy  council  warns  those  of  the  Dutch  church  against  re- 
ceiving any  puritans.  That  church's  ansxvcr.  Letters  be- 
tween Rod.  Gualter,  an  Helvetian  divine,  and  the  bishops  of 
Ely  and  Norwich,  concerning  the  pmitans.  The  papists  grow 
confident.  Fears  and  jealousies  of  them.  The  high  esteem 
had  for  the  city  of  Zurick,  and  the  divines  of  that  city.  A 
commission  for  executing  of  Birchet  by  martial  law.  The 
earl  of  Sussex  to  the  lord  treasurer  to  prevent  it.  The  queen's 
order  for  his  examination.  A  husbandman  comes  to  the  bishop 
of  Norwich  for  orders  :  refused.  A  gentleman  hath  words 
with  the  bishop  about  it :  reconciled.  A  puritan  stands  to  be 
schoolmaster  at  Aylsham  :   refused  by  the  bishop  :   and  why. 

P.  419. 

CHAP.  XXX. 

Pilkington,  bishop  of  Durham,  desires  the  queen's  leave  to  come 
up  this  winter.  Lands  of  the  bishopric  detained.  His  letter 
thereof  to  the  secretary  Cecill.  A  contest  between  the  bishop 
of  Norwich,  doctor  Gardiner,  and  others,  about  the  archdea- 
conry of  Norwich.  The  case.  Gardiner  gets  the  deanery  of 
Norwich.    The  bishop  and  he  reconciled.     Gardiner's  good 


xvi  THE  CONTENTS. 

service  to  the  church  of  Norwich.  The  bishop  of  Ely  visits 
St.  John's  college.  Bingham,  a  great  soldier,  recommended 
to  the  lord  treasurer,  llafe  Lane's  characters  of  Leicester, 
Burghley,  Sussex,  Hatton,  and  other  courtiers.  A  contro- 
versy in  Bene't  college,  Cambridge.  Books  now  set  forth. 
The  queen's  progress  into  Sussex  and  Kent.  The  bishop  of 
Norwich's  letter  to  the  bailift"  of  Yarmouth,  concerning  the 
punishing  of  wickedness  there.  The  unseasonable  weather 
this  year.  P.  437. 

CHAP.  XXXI. 

Anno  1574.  BuUinger  and  Gualter,  their  judgments  of  the  new  discipline. 
The  exercises  :  in  what  order  and  manner  performed  in  Hert- 
fordshire ;  by  the  direction  of  the  bishop  of  Lincoln.  The 
exercises  forbidden  in  the  diocese  of  Norwich.  Some  privy 
counsellors  write  to  t])e  bishop  of  Norwich  in  favour  of  them  : 
which  occasions  his  letter  to  the  bishop  of  London  for  direc- 
tion ;  and  to  the  bishop  of  Rochester.  Notice  given  to  the 
archbishop  of  the  suppression  of  them.  Not  suppressed  in 
other  dioceses.  The  book  of  the  Troubles  at  Frankford  print- 
ed. Reprinted,  1642.  Some  pretend  to  cast  out  devils.  Ac- 
count of  two  persons  afflicted  with  Satan,  in  a  letter  of  the 
bishop  of  Norwich  to  Bullinger.  An  innovation  in  the  ca- 
thedral church  of  Norwich.  The  bishop's  letters  thereupon. 
Arianism  and  the  family  of  love  in  Cambridgeshire.      P.  469. 

CHAP.  XXXII. 

Many  papists  set  at  liberty  upon  sureties.  Dr.  Yong  moves 
the  lord  treasurer  to  go  out  of  the  Marshalsea  for  his  health. 
Sampson  writes  a  smart  letter  to  the  treasurer  on  this  occa- 
sion. Pensioners  of  the  king  of  Spain,  the  queen's  subjects  j 
and  their  particular  pensions.  Practice  to  poison  the  lord 
treasurer.  Mass  said  in  London  in  divers  places.  A  token 
sent  from  the  Scottish  (jucen  to  queen  Elizabeth.  Her  ma- 
jesty melancholy.  Her  progress.  The  queen  checks  the  young 
earl  of  Oxford  :  resented  by  him.  The  bishop  of  Ely's  reve- 
nues aimed  at.  Slandered.  He  rcfuseth  to  lend  his  house  at 
Holborn.  Story,  bishop  of  Hereford,  sues  to  the  lord  trea- 
surer in  behalf  of  some  of  his  clergy  ;  vexed  by  pretence  of 
the  statute  of  suppression  of  colleges.     The  trouble  the  town 


THE  CONTENTS.  xvii 

of  Wells  gave  the  bishop  thereof.      The  death  of  Parkhurst, 
bishop  of  Norwich.     His  character.  P.  488. 

CHAP.  XXXIII. 

Bishop  Parkhurst's  regulation  of  abuses  in  his  registers.  About 
wills  and  testaments.  Dr.  Toby  Matthew  hath  a  prebend  in 
Wells  :  SQme  account  of  him.  The  ill  condition  of  Manches- 
ter college.  Rafe  Lane  oflFers  to  go  against  the  Turk,  in  the 
king  of  Spain's  service.  A  corporation  for  turning  iron  into 
copper.  Dee's  offer  to  discover  treasure  hid.  Proclamation 
against  excess  in  apparel.  Sir  William  Pickering,  an  accom- 
plished gentleman,  dies.  Wolf,  the  printer,  dies  :  his  cosmo- 
graphy. Message  of  the  protestant  princes  of  Germany  to  the 
queen.  P.  5  M. 

CHAP.  XXXIV. 

A  parliament  :  and  convocation.  The  troubles  of  the  bishop  of  Anno  1575. 
Ely,  for  the  preserving  of  the  revenues  of  his  see.  His  excel- 
lent letter  to  the  queen  thereupon  ;  and  to  Dr.  Masters  j  and 
to  the  lord  treasurer,  upon  articles  of  accusation  preferred 
against  him  to  the  queen  and  council.  The  malice  and  slan- 
ders of  them.  His  satisfactory  answers.  Comes  up  to  an- 
swer before  the  council.  The  lord  treasurer  his  friend.  Re- 
conciles him  to  the  queen.  The  case  of  Downham  park  j 
claimed  by  the  lord  North,  from  the  bishop,  upon  account  of 
an  old  lease.  P.  532. 

CHAP.  XXXV. 

St.  John's  college  in  Cambridge  in  disorder.  The  bishop  of  Ely 
visitor  thereof:  concerned  therein.  His  advice  for  new  sta- 
tutes for  that  house.  His  letters  to  the  lord  treasurer  in  that 
behalf,  A  case  between  Westminster  school  and  Christ's 
Church,  Oxon,  A  sect  called  the  family  of  love.  Their  apo- 
logy set  forth.  Their  confession,  A  principle  or  two  of  theirs. 
The  family  of  the  Mount.  The  family  of  the  Essentialists. 
Etchard  one  of  this  sect :  his  letter.  Anabaptists  :  some  re- 
cant. Two  burnt :  and  why.  Cartwright's  second  Reply. 
Sampson  to  the  lord  treasurer,  in  behalf  of  his  hospital  at 
Leicester.  Bishop  Pilkington  refuseth  to  grant  a  lease  of 
Norham  waters.  Peter  Baro  is  made  lady  Margaret  professor 
in  Cambridge.  P.  550. 

VOL.  II.   PART  I.  b 


xviii  THE  CONTENTS. 

CHAP.  XXXVI. 

The  lord  treasurer  suspected  by  the  queen  to  favour  the  rjueen 
of  Scots.  His  thoughts  thereof  in  a  private  letter  to  the  earl 
of  Shrewsbury,  News  at  court.  The  prince  of  Orange  offers 
the  (jueen  the  Low  Countries.  Addresses  to  her  from  France 
and  Spain.  Divers  Hy  hither  from  the  Low  Countries,  New 
privy  counsellors.  A  project  for  translating  of  bishops.  The 
state  of  Ireland.  The  good  service  of  the  earl  of  Essex  there. 
Nic.  Morton,  the  pope's  great  factor :  his  family.  Their  trea- 
sons and  conspiracies.  A  deappropriation,  Km'ghts'  fees, 
and  relief,  due  from  the  earl  of  Salop.    The  queen's  progress. 

P.  569. 


ANNALS 


OF  THE 

REFORMATION    OF  RELIGION, 

AND  AFFAIRS  OF  THE  CHURCH  IN  THIS  KINGDOM 
OF  ENGLAND. 

FROM  THE  TWELFFH  YEAR  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  QUEEN 
ELIZABETH  TO  THE  TWENTY-THIRD. 


CHAP.  I. 

A  testimonial  Jrom  some  in  the  university  of  Cambridge 
concerning  Cart'iC^righfs  readings.  His  letters  to  sir  Wil- 
liam Cecil  concerning  himself.  But  is  discharged  the 
college  and  university.  Richard  Greenham.  Dr.  Geo. 
Downham :  the  odd  tempers  of  several  of  Cartwrighfs 
followers;  and  their  affected  reparation.  Anthony  Gil- 
bie''s  letter  to  Coverdale,  ^c.  Exiles.  Dangers  from  pa- 
pists. The  archbishop  of  CassiVs  discovery.  SteuMey 
comes  to  the  king  of  Spain.  The  dangerous  condition  of 
Ireland  from  the  Spaniard  and  French.  Caution  for 
the  Low  Countries. 

As  in  the  conclusion  of  the  former  volume  somewhat  was  Anno  1570. 
related  concerning  Cartwright,  one  of  the  public  readers  of 
divinity  in  the  university  of  Cambridge,  and  of  his  depriva- 
tion for  certain  positions  delivered  in  his  lectures ;  so  I  shall 
begin  this  book  with  several  other  notices  concerning  him ; 
being  the  head  and  most  learned  of  that  sect  of  dissenters 
then  csXXedi  puritans.  Animosi- 

In  this  year,  1570,  the  heads  of  that  university  contended  '^.^'j^" *J,y™" 
with  the  said  Cartwright,  B.  D.  and  late  lady  Margaret  pro-  reason  of 
fessor,  for  his  readings,  wherein  he  vented  his  dislike  of  the  ^vrighfs 

VOL.  II.  B  '•^'^''•"S*- 


2  ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    established  discipline  of  the  church  of  England,  (as  deviat- 
•        ing  from  the  primitive  institution  and  practice,)  and  the  ha- 
Anno  1570. bits  enjoined  to  be  worn  by  the  ministers  of  it;  and  in  ef- 
•^  feet,  the  whole  constitution  ecclesiastical.  What  his  opinions 
and  assertions  were,  have  been  specified  in  the  first  volume 
Chap.  ivii.   of  the  Annals  of  the  Reformation  of  religion.  He  had  indeed 
a  great  party  in  the  university,  and  some  of  them  men  of 
learning,  who   stuck    close    to   him,  exceedingly  admiring 
him;  though  some  of  them,  better  informed,  fell  off  after- 
wards.    Great  differences  and  animosities  by  these  means 
were  bred  among  the  scholars ;  which  being  past  the  power 
of  the  heads  to  allay,  they  complained  thereof  to  sir  Wil- 
liam Cecil,  secretary  of  state,  their  high  chancellor,  desiring 
him  to  interpose  his  authority ;  but  chiefly  informing  him 
of  the  unsoundness  of  Cartwright's  late  lectures. 
Cart-  ^Qj.  were  the  favourers  and  hearers  of  Cartwright  less 

favourers,    forward  to  write  their  letters  to  the  same ;  testifying  in  Ins 
their  testi-  {[j^^j^j^if  j^q^  sparing  and  tender  he  was  in  treating  of  those 

iDoiiial  of  _  .    .  .... 

him.  subjects,  for  avoiding  offence;  whose  testimonial  ran  in  this 

tenor : 
Pap.  office,  Percrehuit  tucB  prcBstanticB  mag".  Cartwrightum  hoc  esse 
suspectum  nom'me,  quod  in  theologice  prqfessionis  munere 
quosdam  d'isco7'dia:  igmculos,  qui  post  in  incendium  creve- 
runf,  spmserit,  et  in  contt-oversiis  de  ministc?io  et  re  ves- 
tiaria  omnino  se  immodice  Jactaverit.  N^os  vero,  quorum 
nomina  suhscripta  stent,  et  qui  illis  lectionibus  interfuimus, 
ex  quibus  iste  rumor  Jluxit,  testamur  nullas  quas  unquam 
audire  potuimus,  unde  simultates  aut  discordias  emersisse ; 
de  vestibus  controversiam  ne  attigisse  quidem:  de  mini- 
sterio  proposuisse  qucedam,  quorum  ad  amussim  nostrum 
hoc  formari  cupiebat,  sed  ea  et  cautione  et  moderatione,  qucB 
ilium  debcbant,  merito  tueri,  et  ah  ista  qua;  circumfertur 
calumn  ia  vi  n  dica  re. 

Robertus  Tower,  Robertus  Willan,  Christoph.  Kirkland, 
Rob.  Soomc,  Johan.  Swone,  Thomas  Barbar,  Simon 
Bucke,  Richard  Chambers,  Richard  Hozvland,  Lau- 
rentius  Washington,  TJiomas  Aldrich,  Alan  Par,  Jo- 
han. Still,  Wilhelm.  Tabor,  Johan.  Mote. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  3 

So  that,  if  this  testimony  be  to  be  relied  upon,  Cartwright"'s   CHAP. 
reading:  touched  not  the  contest  about  the  garments^  but 


only  about  the  ministry ;  taking  occasion  from  some  part  of  ■'^^^^  '^^o. 
scripture  which  he  read  upon,  to  wish  it  reformed  accord- 
ing to  certain  rules  he  then  spake  of. 

Besides  this  testimonial,  Cartwright  himself  pleaded  his  Gives  ac- 
own  innocency  in  an  elegant  Latin  letter  to  Cecil,  (accom-  re^din^s  to* 
panying  the  testimonial,)  written  in  the  month  of  July ;  Cecil. 
complaining,  "  How  he  was  slandered ;  troubled  especially  Pap.  office, 
that  these  his  slanders  should  reach  as  far  as  the  court 
and  him.  Then  he  declared  and  freely  professed  to  him,  3 
that  none  was  so  averse  to  sedition  and  the  study  of  con- 
tention :  and  that  he  had  taught  nothing  which  flowed 
not  naturally  from  the  text  which  he  treated  of.  And 
that  when  an  occasion  offered  itself  of  speaking  concern- 
ing the  habits,  he  waved  it.  He  denied  not  but  that  he 
taught,  that  our  ministry  declined  from  the  ministry  of 
the  ancient  and  apostolical  church,  which  he  wished 
might  be  framed  and  modelled  according  to  the  purity  of 
our  reformation.  But  that  he  did  this  sedately,  that  none 
could  find  fault  with  it,  but  some  ignorant  or  malign 
hearers,  or  such  as  catched  at  something  to  calumniate 
him.  That  of  these  things  he  heard  he  was  accused  be- 
fore him,  their  chancellor.  But  how  false  and  unjust  the 
reports  of  his  reading  were,  he  offered  the  testimonial 
of  a  great  many  sincere  persons  that  were  present :  as- 
serting further,  that  he  had  well  nigh  gotten  the  whole 
university  for  the  witness  of  his  innocency ;  and  had  not 
the  vice-chancellor  denied  him  a  congregation,  he  doubted 
not  he  had  obtained  it.  That  he  had  not  room  in  his  let- 
ter to  relate  every  little  particular  of  that  lecture  that 
raised  the  rumour ;  but  promised  the  chancellor,  that  he 
would  deny  nothing  to  him  of  those  things  he  then  pro- 
posed, if  he  would  require  it.  And  as  he  refused  not  to 
suffer,  if  any  real  guilt  were  discovered  in  him,  so,  as  far 
as  his  cause  was  just,  he  implored  his  patronage :  praying 
him,  that  he  would  not  suffer  him  nor  the  truth  to  be  over- 
thrown by  some  men's  hatred  ;  who,  while  they  privately 

B  2 


4  ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP.    "  hated  him,  had  a  mind  to  set  themselves  against  the  ho- 
■  "  nourable  and  glorious  name  of  peace  and  the  church.'''' 

Anno  1570.  But  it  will  give  better  satisfaction  to  read  the  whole  letter, 
as  he  penned  it  himself  in  his  own  behalf,  which  I  have 
Number  I.   dierefore  put  into  the  Appendix.     To  which  I  have  added 
two  letters  more,  written  by  several  men  of  the  university 
to  the  same,  in  his  behalf. 
Another  Cartwright  wrote   also  another   letter    to   Cecil,  in    the 

^'^^^^^"j^  *"^  month  following,  having  been  lately  suspended  from  his 
reading ;  which  was  in  answer  to  the  said  Cecil,  who  had 
humanely,  in  the  midst  of  his  weighty  affairs,  spared  some 
time  to  give  some  advice  to  him  by  his  own  hand.  He 
seemed  to  have  signified  to  Cartwright,  how  his  adversaries 
had  charged  him  with  a  factious  innovating,  and  that  he 
brought  into  suspicion  of  novelty  that  most  ancient  cause 
that  sprung  up  with  Christ  and  his  apostles.  But  he  an- 
swered, "  that  he  was  no  v=oTsgo7roiof,  no  such  stirrer  of 
"  7ierv  thing's ;  and  yet  that  he  would  not  be  affrighted,  by 
"  the  envy  of  novcltfj,  from  the  truth.  That  he  hoped,  that 
"  Cecil  was  not  of  that  number,  that  charged  that  proverb, 
"  Tu  a.xlvYjTa  jcivsTv,  [i.  e.  to  move  things  that  ought  not  to 
"  be  moved,]  upon  whosoever  innovated  in  any  thing  what- 
"  soever.  And  that  he  knew  whose  words  those  wei'e ; 
*'  TtuXoLiov;  vo'jtxoyj  Xi'av  uTcXovg  xa.)  jSaplSct^ixoh;,  [l.  e.  that  old 
"  laws  were  very  weak  and  rude.]  But  he  added,  that  he 
"  needed  not  at  all  to  plead  in  the  defence  of  novelty,  since 
"  the  cause,  being  almost  1570  years  old,  was  venerable 
"  enough  for  its  antiquity." 
Appeals  to  And  whereas  the  heads  had  denied  him  the  liberty  of  his 
■'ud'''e°his  P^l^'i'^'  reading,  he  complained  of  them  to  Cecil,  and  accused 
cause.  -  them  of  injustice,  since  upon  some  conditions,  wliich  he,  the 
4  chancellor,  had  propounded  to  them,  he  allowed  him  to 
read,  (which  conditions,  notwithstanding  he  was  willing  to 
comply  with,)  yet  they  would  not  suffer  him  to  read  again. 
This  was  dated  Aug.  18.  In  this  letter  he  was  very  earnest 
with  Cecil,  to  hear  and  judge  of  his  cause,  being  very  will- 
ing to  leave  it  to  him.  But  lest  that  statesman  might  say, 
that  his  abilities  were  not  equal  to  judge  in  such  a  cause, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  5 

nor  yet  his  leisure  did  permit,  he  urged  him  with  this  re-   CHAP, 
ply ;   "  That  if  the  cause  were  just,  if  it  were  necessary  for 


"the  church,  if  without  it  the  commonwealth  were  dis- Anno  1570. 

"  solved,  and  the  parts  in  danger  to  fly  asunder  from  one 

"  another,  (which  without  discipline  must  needs  be,)  the 

*'  cause  was  worthy  for  him  to  undertake ;  and  wherein  he 

"  might  bring  forth  that  rare  light  of  his  own  understand- 

"  ing,  and  those  divine  endowments  of  his  own  mind.    And 

"  the  cause  would  again,  in  recompence,  embrace  him,  and 

"  render  him  a  person,  however  eminent  before,  still  more 

"  honourable,  and  however  oppressed  with  infinite  business, 

"  he  dared  to  promise,  would  revive  and  refresh  him,  and, 

"  though  ready  to  sink,  would  uphold  him  with  strong  and 

"  mighty  supports."    These  were  the  overweening  conceits 

he  had  of  his  discipline. 

I  do  not  find  any  thing  more  done  with  Cartwright  in  the  But  is 
university,  being  discharged  of  his  lecture,  outed  the  col-  ^y^"gJd  The 
lege,  stopped  of  his  degree  of  doctor,  and  silenced  from  university, 
preaching  in  or  near  the  university.    But  we  shall  hear  of 
him  hereafter  in  his  writings  and  attempts  of  setting  up  the 
discipline  in  certain  places  in  the  land,  which  brought  him 
into  further  trouble,  and  restraint  of  his  liberty,  from  the 
ecclesiastical  commission  ;   which  could  not  but  take  notice 
of  him,  making  himself  the  chief  preacher  and  head  of  the 
new  form  of  church  government.    Only  I  must  give  a  hint 
concerning  some  of  his  zealous  and  well  meaning  followers  in 
Cambridge,  who  upon  more  mature  deliberation  afterwards 
fell  oft' from  him.  Two  whereof  I  will  mention  among  others. 

One  was  Rich.  Greenham,  of  Christ's  college,  Cambridge,  Some  fail 
a  pious  and  good  man ;  whose  name  we  see  subscribed  to  1-^^'^°^ 
the  earnest  letters  that  were  sent  to  Cecil  in  his  commenda-  Rich, 
tion  and  the  high  character  given  him.    The  young  men  in 
the  university  were  diverted  by  Cartwrighfs  readings  from 
the  more  necessary  study  of  the  grounds  and  principles  of 
divinity,  and   the  substantial  doctrines  of  Christianity,  as 
rescued  from  popery,  to  controversies  of  the  right  way  and 
manner  of  governing   the    church.    This   was   afterwards 
justly  disliked  by  the  said  Greenham,  who  thought  fit  to 

b3 


6  ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,  reprove  it  in  the  pulpit;  blaming  the  young  divines,  who, 
^-  before  they  had  studied  the  grounds  of  theology,  would 
Anno  1570  overbusy  themselves  in  matters  of  discipline:  "  and  (as  he 
"  said)  before  they  had  laid  the  foundation  of  their  studies. 
Dr.  George  «  would  be  setting  up,  as  it  were,  the  roof."  This  passage 
ep.  before '  Dr.  George  Downham,  of  the  same  college,  tells  us,  he  heard 
his  conse-    j^jj^ggif  ^j^g^  j^g  was  a  vouug  Student  in  Cambridge :  who 

cration  '  i  i>     i  p       • 

serm.of      himself  consorted  among  the  youth  there  ot  that  taction 

blshop^of    that  disliked  the  habits,  and  other  established  ceremonies  of 

Bath  and     the  church,  and  was  a  hearer  of  Cartwright's  lectures,  in 

anno^i608.  his  consideration  about  this  church  of  England  and  the  dif- 

5  ferences  in  it.  Who  tells  us  of  himself  what  course  he  took; 

"  That  at  first,  seeing  things  grew  so  hot,  he  thought  it  the 

"  best  course  for  himself  and  the  rest  to  be  no  meddlers  on 

"  either  side.    But  afterwards   I  considered  with  myself, 

"  said  he,  that   this   church   of  England,  wherein   I  was 

"  called  to' be  a  minister,  did  hold  and  profess  all  substan- 

"  tial  points  of  divinity,  as  sound  as  any  church  in  the 

"  world,  none  excepted,  neither  in  this  age,  nor  in  the  pri- 

*'  mitive  times  of  the  church.    And,  secondly,  that  it  had 

"  the  testimony  of  all  other  true  churches.    And,  thirdly, 

"  that  in  it  the  means  of  salvation  are  ordinarily  and  plen- 

"  tifuUy  to  be  had.    And  therefore  to  make  a  separation 

"  from  it,  I  took  to  be  schismatical,  and  damnable  presump- 

"  tion." 

This   Greenham  was   alive    many  years   after,  a  godly 

preacher,  living  in  London.  For  I  find  a  letter  of  his  dated 

Some  ac-     annol591,  from  Warwick-lane,  London.    And  when  in  the 

G^e^lham   year  1599  his  works  were  published  by  H.  Holland,  in  his 

from  H.      epistle  he  gives  this  character  of  the  pious  and  peaceable 

spirit  that  was  in  him,  (shewing,  that  though  his  judgment 

in  some  points  differed  from  the  church  established,  yet  he 

was  no  separatist.)   "  That  in  his  ministry  he  was  ever  care- 

"  ful  to  avoid  all  occasion  of  offence ;  desiring  in  all  things 

"  to  approve  himself  as  the  minister  of  Christ.    He  much 

"  rejoiced  and  praised  God  for  the  happy  government  of 

"  our  most  gracious  queen  Elizabeth,  and  for  this  blessed 

"  calm  and  peace  of  God's  church  and  people  under  it. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  7 

"  And  spake  often  of  it,  both  publicly  and  privately,  as  he   CHAP. 
"  was  occasioned ;  and  stirred  up  the  hearts  of  all  men, 


"  what  he  could,  to  pray  and  praise  God  with  him  for  it  Anno  1570. 

"  continually :  yea,  this  matter  so  affected  him,  that  the 

"  day  before  his  departure  out  of  this  life,  his  thoughts 

"  were  much  troubled,  for  that  men  were  so  unthankful  for 

"  that  strange  and  most  happy  deliverance  of  our  most  gra- 

"  cious  queen  from  the  dangerous  conspiracies  and  practices 

"  of  that  time." 

The  writer  saith  further  of  him,  "  that  he  was  the  special  D.  Lopez. 
"  instrument  and  hand  of  God  in  bringing  many,  both 
"  godly  and  learned,  to  the  holy  service  of  Christ  in  the 
"  ministry;  and  to  restrain  and  reduce  not  a  few  from 
"  schism  and  error ;  striving  always  to  retain  such  in  obe- 
"  dience  of  laws  :  and  thereby  to  esteem  and  regard  the 
"  peace  of  the  church  and  people  of  God." 

To  which  I  may  add,  that  this  party  of  men  that  thus 
divided  and  distinguished  themselves  by  this  schism,  were 
observed  also  to  divide  from  the  rest  in  their  behaviour,  in  The  man- 
their  tempers  and  quaUties,  and  in  their  strangeness  and  hehaviour 
aversion  from  their  Christian  brethren  who  adhered  to  the  of  these 

.  1  T-v      lolloweis  of 

established   church.     For  this  is  their  character,  that  Dr.  cartwright. 

Whitgift  gave  of  them  about  this  time;  comparing  them 

unto  the  pharisees :  "  That  when  they  walked  in  the  streets, 

*'  they  hung  down  their  heads,  looked  austerely;  and  in 

"  company  sighed   much,  and  seldom   or  never  laughed : 

"  their  temper  was,  that  they  sought  the  commendation  of  Brief  an- 

"  the  people:  they  thought  it  an  heinous  offence  to  wear  aj^^moni- 

"  caD  or  surplice ;  but  they  slandered  and  backbit  their  tion  in 

r  r  1-1     n  1  •  quarto,  the 

"  brethren,  railed  on  them  by  libels,  contemned  superiors,  latter  end. 
"  discredited  such  as  were  in  authority;  in  short,  disquieted  6 
"  the  church  and  state.  And  as  for  their  religion,  they  se- 
"  parated  themselves  from  the  congregation,  and  would  not 
"  communicate  with  those  that  went  to  church,  neither  in 
"  prayer,  hearing  the  word,  nor  sacraments :  they  despised 
"  all  those  that  were  not  of  their  own  sect,  as  polluted,  and 
"  not  worthy  to  be  saluted,  nor  kept  company  with.  And 
"  therefore  some  of  them  meeting  their  old  acquaintance, 

B  4 


8  ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP.    "  being  godly  preachers,  had  not  only  refused  to  salute 
^'        "•  them,  but  spit  in  their  faces ;  wishing  the  plague  of  God 
Anno  1570."  to  light  upon  them;  and  saying,  they  were  damned,  and 
"  that  God  had  taken  his  Spirit  from  them."    And  all  this, 
because  they  did  wear  a  cap;   which  strange  unchristian 
speech  and  behaviour,  T.  C.  in  his  reply  did  not  deny,  but 
that  they  neither  defended  nor  allowed  of  any  such  beha- 
viour :  and  that  the  fault  of  one  should  not  be  imputed  to 
so  many.     No ;  but  it  was  brought  to  shew  what  ill  effects 
and  prejudices  Cartwright's  doctrines  against  the  present 
constitvition  of  this  church  had  occasioned  in  many. 
A.  Giiby's        This  year  (if  it  were  not  before)  did  a  brother  of  this 
IifvlTs  mi-    party,  Mr.  A.  G.  [Anthony  Gilby,  I  suppose,]  write  a  very 
nisters         l^ot  and  bitter  letter  to  several  reverend  divines,  that  had 
habUs.        been  exiles  for  the  gospel,  and  returned  upon  queen  Eliza- 
Part  of  a     ijeth's  access  to  the  crown;    exciting  them  with   all  their 

register.  i        !••   i  p        •  •  i        i     i  •  i 

might  agamst  the  bishops,  for  imposmg  the  liabits  to  be 
worn  by  ministers  in  their  ministration ;  and  rather  to  lay 
down  their  ministry  than  comply.  It  was  directed.  To  his 
reverend  fathers  and  brethren  in  Christ,  Mr.  Coverdale, 
Mr.  Turner,  Mr.  Whittingham,  Mr.  Sampson,  Mr.  D. 
Humfrey,  Mr.  Leaver,  Mr.  Crowly,  and  others,  that  la- 
hour  to  root  out  the  zveeds  of  popery;  grace  and  peace. 
Where  in  one  place  he  thus  expresseth  himself:  "  I  wot 
"  not  by  what  devilish  cup  they  [the  bishops]  do  make 
"  such  a  diversity  between  Christ''s  word  and  his  sacra- 
"  ments;  that  they  cannot  think  the  word  of  God  to  be 
"  safely  enough  preached  and  honourably  enough  handled, 
"  without  cap,  cope,  or  surplice ;  but  that  the  sacraments, 
"  the  marrying,  the  burying,  the  churching  of  women,  and 
"  other  church  service,  as  they  call  it,  must  needs  be  de- 
"  clared  with  crossing,  with  coping,  with  surplicing,  with 
"  kneeling,  with  pretty  wafer-cakes,  and  other  knacks  of 

"  popery. Well,  by  God's  power,  we  have  fought  with 

"  the  wolves,  for  these  and  such  like  popish  chaff,  and  God 
"  hath  given  [us]  the  victory:  we  have  now  to  do  with  the 
"  foxes,  [i.  e.  the  bishops.]    Let  us  not  fear," 
Danger  As  for  the  papists,  the  other  adverse  party  to  the  legally 

from  pa- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  9 

established  church,  and  to  the  queen,  the  supreme  governor    CHAP. 
thereof  on  earth,  the  great  apprehensions  of  them  were  not 


yet  blown  over;   though  the  rebellion  in  the  north  was  now  Anno  1570. 
quieted.    Cox,  bishop  of  Ely,  was  an  old  experienced  court- P^'^'^^J- ^J^'- 
divine,  and  that  by  long  observation  knew  what  a  dangerous  very  sensi- 
sort  of  men  they  were,  and  what  a  mortal  hatred'  they  bore 
to  the  gospel,  and  all  those  about  the  queen  that  sincerely 
professed  it.     He  was  therefore,  in  this  juncture,  very  soli- 
citous for  secretary  Cecil,   the   queen's    faithful    and  able 
counsellor,  who,  for  his  wisdom   and   stability   to  religion, 
was  hated  by  them  :  and  in  this  dangerous  and  rebellious  7 
time,  I  find  him  in  one  of  his  letters  making  this  prayer  for 
him  :   "  I  heartily  wish  you  from  our  heavenly  Father  and 
"  his  dear  son  Christ,  the  full  strength  of  his  holy  Spirit,  to 
"  the  confusion  of  the  enemies  of  God  and  of  the  queen's 
"  majesty,  and  of  us  all,  God's  true  servants,  and  her  grace's 
"  true  subjects."    But  let  me  open  some  light  into  the  prac- 
tices of  papists  at  this  time. 

And  in  order  to  that,  I  shall  begin  with  an  embassy  the  An  embassy 
queen  despatched  into  France  to  the  king  in  the  month  of  ^'j""^,^  ^^j. 
August,  by  Francis  Walsingham,  esq.   sir   Henry  Norris,  the  French 
knt.  then  her  resident  there.     The  chief  and  main  of  his  ^ 
business  was  for  the  sake  of  the  reformed  religion,  and  for 
an  accord  between  that  king  and  the  protestant  princes,  viz. 
the  prince  of  Navarre,  the  prince  of  Conde,  and  the  admi- 
ral, with  the  rest  being  the  king's  subjects.     That  it  might 
be  made  as  favourable,  for  the  reasonable  contentation  and 
surety  of  the  said  princes  and  their  party,  as  might  possibly 
be :  to  the  maintenance  and  continuance  of  them  in  the  li- 
berty of  their  consciences:  there  being    no    small   labour 
made  by  some  directly  to  impeach  this  accord,  and  by  others 
(though  not  openly)  to  withstand  it,  yet  by  double  dealing 
in  the  granting  of  their  requests  to  ruin  the  said  princes  and 
their    party  in    the    end.     "  Therefore,"  as  it   ran  in  the  Her  in- 
queen's  instructions  to  the  said  ambassadors,  "  she  found  it  j^^ie?  am- 
"  the  more  necessary  to  use  all  good  means  to  countervail  bassadors. 
"  such  contrary  labours,  and  to  procure  not  only  a  good 
"  accord,  but  therewith  a  continuance  thereof;  as  in  a  mat- 


10         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    "  ter  which  in  her  conscience  and  honour  she  thought  good 
'■         "  botli  for  the  king  and  his  whole  estate."" 


Anno  1570.      The  petitions  and  demands  those  protestant  princes  made, 
Tiiose  pro-  ^^^6,  first,  that  they  might  be  restored  to  his  grace  and  fa- 

testants'  '  '  J  »  ^ 

petitions      vour  as  humble  and  faithful  subjects ;  and  consequently,  to 
mandr'       ^^^^c  him  with  their  lives,  lands,  and  goods.     Next,  that 
they  might  be  permitted  to  serve  Almighty  God  by  the  ex- 
ercise of  Christian  religion,  according  to  their  profession  and 
to  the  quietness  of  their  consciences.     And  lastly,  that  they 
might  have  assurance  thereof  in  some  better  sort  than  by 
former  experience  they  had :  which  petitions  the  queen  had 
herself  considered.    And  the  first  she  esteemed  a  thing  most 
meet  for  a  king  to  grant  both  readily  and  bountifully.    The 
second  was,  she  said,  to  a  king  most  profitable  to  embrace 
and  accept.     And  the  third,  a  thing  in  the  sight  of  God 
most  commendable  and  needful   of  all  Christian  subjects. 
And  the  last,  a  matter  of  the  most  moment  to  be  regarded, 
for  a  full  perfection  of  all  the  rest.     But  this  peace  and 
accord  between  the  king  and  his  said  subjects  was  finished 
before  Walsingham  came.     So  that  when  he  came,  he  con- 
gratulated the  king  on  the  said  good  accord ;  and  offered 
on  the  queen  s  part  all  her  endeavours  to  further  the  good 
continuance  thereof.     And  he  gave  the  admiral   and  his 
party  to  understand  the  queen's  good  intentions  in  sending 
of  him  at  that  time ;  and  to  make  it  appear  how  careful 
she  was  of  their  well  doings. 
The  arch-        The  archbishop  of  Cassils  in  Ireland,  a  papist,  was  an 
c ts'ii's  dis-  ^^^^^  ^"  Spain ;  and  (whether  it  were  to  reconcile  himself  to 
covers  to     the  quccn,  or  upon  some  personal  pique)  comes  in  January 
ilm  steuk- this  year  1570  into  France;  where,  at  Paris,  resided  AVal- 
ley's  com-    gingham,  the  queen's  ambassador :  to  whom  in  March  fol- 
king  of"'^    lowing  he  made  a  visit.     When  Walsingham  in  discourse 
^P"'"-         asked  him  concerning  the  report  that  went  abroad  of  the 
^  king  of  Spain's  intent  of  invading  Ireland,  the  archbishop 
then  brake,  and  said,  that  about  September  last,  the  last 
year,  viz.  1569,  one  Steukley  arrived  in  Spain  with  a  de- 
sign to  address  to  that  king  for  an  army  to  reduce  Ireland 
Camd.        ^Q  i^-g  obedience :  who  (as  Camden  writes)  took  upon  him 

Kliz.  ji.  153 
aud  180. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  11 

with  3000  Italians  or  Spaniards  to  reduce  all  Ireland  under   CHAP, 
the  subjection  of  the  Spaniard ;  and  with  one  or  two  pin- 


naces to  fire  the  English  fleet.     This  bravo,  soon  after  his  Anno  1570. 
coming  to  Madrid,  before  he  went  to  the  king,  came  to  the 
said  archbishop,  (as  he  related  it  himself  to  Walsingham,) 
telling  him  he  came  to  see  him  there,  whom  he  knew  to  be 
catholicly  bent.     And  that  his  intent  in  coming  into  that 
country  was  to  deal  with  the  king  of  Spain  about  the  re- 
ducing  of  the   kingdom    of   Ireland    to    his  government, 
whereby  heresy  might  be  expelled,  and  true  catholic  reli- 
gion planted.     And  that  therefore  he,  by  his  interest  with 
the  president  of  the  council,  would  procure  him  access  to 
the   king.     But  upon  some  pretences,  as   the  archbishop 
proceeded  in  his  relation  to  the  ambassador,  of  loyalty  to 
the  queen  and  love  to  his  country,  not  to  see  it  under  any 
government  than  that  of  the  queen  and  her  successors,  he 
declined  Steukley's  motion.     Whereupon  he  apphed  him- 
self to  duke  Feria,  who  brought  him  to  the  king :  and  the 
king  had  conference  with  him;  used  him  honourably;  and  steukiey 
appointed  him  a  very  fair  house,  and  gave  him  6000  ducats,  ['"^"""J'^ ,,  J 
and  a  daily  allowance  for  the  maintenance  of  his  table :  so  that  king. 
that  he  spent  thirty  ducats  a  day  at  least. 

The  archbishop,  continuing  his  speech,  added,  that  within 
a  day  or  two  after,  the  king  sent  for  him,  and  asked  him 
concerning  Steukiey.    He  said,  he  never  saw  him  but  there  conference 
in  Spain:  but  that  he  had  heard  of  him,  that  he  had  been ];;=;;^-«^^^°^^''« 
a  pirate  upon  the  sea,  of  life  dissolute,  in  expenses  prodi- the  archbi- 

r..,  •!  /•  i  ^  •     shop  con- 

gal,  of  no  substance,  neither  a  man  of  any  great  account  m  ^erning 

his  country  ;  notwithstanding  he  heard  he  was  a  gentleman  Steukiey; 
born,  and  descended  from  a  good  house.  Then  the  king 
told  him  of  the  offer  he  had  made  touching  the  business  of 
Ireland ;  and  that  he  had  assured  him,  that  he  had  dealt  so 
before  his  coming  with  the  Irish  nobihty,  as  the  king  would 
find  them  ready  to  receive  such  forces  as  he  should  send. 
The  archbishop  wished  the  king  not  to  be  so  light  of  be- 
lief :  for  that  Steukiey  was  not  a  man  of  that  credit  with 
the  Irish  nobility,  to  be  able  to  bring  any  such  matter  to 
pass ;  whom  they  knew  to  be  but  a  shifter,  and  one  who, 


12        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    for  the  maintenance  of  his  prodigahty,  sought  to  abuse  all 
men.     The  king  said,  that  beside  his  own  report,  he  was 


Auno  1570.  recommended  unto  him  by  his  ambassador,  who  wished  the 

king  to  credit  whatsoever  he  reported. 
And  be-  Duke   Feria  afterwards  meeting  the   archbishop,  asked 

Feria  and     ^is  opinion  of  Steukley.     To  whom  he  said,  he  feared  he 
the  archbi-  would  abusc  the  king.     Then  said  Feria,  the  likelihoods 

shop  con-  111-  PI  •  1 

cerniiig       that  Steukley  shewed  the  kmg  oi  the  enterprise  were  such, 
^""'  as  they  gave  great  cause  why  the  king  should  embrace  the 

^  same.  For  beside  the  Irish  nobility,  added  he,  he  had  won 
a  great  number  of  the  garrison  to  be  at  his  devotion,  as  well 
soldiers  as  captains.  Well,  said  the  duke  further,  I  per- 
ceive you  are  not  willing  the  enterprise  should  go  forward: 
and  therefore  you  seek  to  deface  the  gentleman  whom  we 
honour  here  with  the  name  of  duke  of  Ireland.  To  which 
the  archbishop  replied,  that  that  title  and  calling  was  more 
than  ever  Ireland  was  acquainted  with.  The  effect  of  this 
was,  that  Steukley  came  afterwards  and  challenged  the  arch- 
bishop, and  told  him,  if  he  were  not  a  man  of  the  church,  he 
would  be  revenged  of  him  for  the  report  he  made  of  him. 
And  when  Walsingham  had  asked  the  archbishop,  when 
Steukley  was  likely  to  embark,  he  answered,  about  the  end 
of  April :  and  now  it  was  March. 
Complete  All  this  was  the  matter  of  discourse  this  archbishop  had 
dor',  p!  59.  with  Walsingham ;  as  he  gave  the  queen's  secretary  Cecill 
intelligence  in  his  letter :  though  he  had  a  suspicion  even 
of  this  archbishop,  notwithstanding  all  this  that  he  had  said. 
He  pretended  by  all  this  discovery  to  shew  himself  loyal  to 
the  queen  ;  and  by  this  means  to  obtain  a  pardon  from  her 
majesty,  in  leaving  his  own  country  without  her  leave  ;  and 
The  archbi-  to  have  liberty  to  return  back  again  :  and  that  archbishopric 
shop's  end   \^^y^„  ^ow  void,  and  his  successor  dead,  that  he  might  be 

in  this  dis-  o  '  ^  £.  1  •     1  •   1 

covery,  viz.  restored  to  it  again.  This  man  being  put  out  of  his  bishop- 
shil'eVto  ^^c  about  two  years  past,  (viz.  1568,)  and  another  substi-  , 
his  arciibi-  tutcd  in  his  room,  made  a  great  disturbance  and  outrage : 
s  opiic,  .^y)jj^.|j  \^Q  confessed  to  Walsingham  :  whereby  he  had  justly 
inciu-red  the  lord  deputy's  displeasure.  But  in  excuse  of 
his  departure  without  the  queen's  leave,  added,  that  it  was 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  13 

of  necessity  to  seek  maintenance  otherwhere.    That  the  king    c  H  A  P. 
of  Spain  relieved  him,  and  honourably  entertained  him,  and        ^- 
gave  him  yearly  2000  ducats  pension.    But  before  he  came  Anno  1570. 
to  Spain  he  was  at  Nantes  in  France. 

Certain   it   is,  that  what   this  archbishop  of  Cassils  or  Loses  his 
Cashel  had  communicated  to  Walsingham  gave  great  of-  s'^Tn** '" 
fence  in  Spain,  and  begat  great  jars  between  Steukley  and 
him.    Which  the  earl  of  Leicester  observed  to  Walsingham  The  reason 
in  a  letter  he  wrote  him  April  1571,  acquainting  him,  that  °,^ilhen^'"^ 
his  brother,  sir  Henry  Sidney,  deputy  of  Ireland,  who  was 
then  arrived  in  England,  had  shewed  him  the  same ;  and 
that  it  had  caused  such  a  great  dislike  of  the  archbishop  in 
Spain,  that  it  might  possibly  recover  him,  and  get  him  into 
England.     This  archbishop's  name  was  Maurice  Gibbon, 
alias  Reagh  :  and  having  the  pope's  bull  for  the  said  arch-  Cox,  Hi- 
bishopric  of  Cassil  or  Cashel,  by  virtue  of  that  demanded  Jn'.^^^p; 
possession  of  the  same :  which  being  refused,  the  other  bar-  327. 
barously  stabbed  him  with  his  skean.    But  the  archbishop 
escaped  with  his  life,  and  the  other  fled  abroad. 

But  to  return  to  Steukley.     He  came  into  such  favour  Tiie  honour 
with  the  king  of  Spain,  that  he  knighted  him  :  and  he  was  sp^in  Xi°^ 
commonly  called  there  duke  of  Ireland.    This  Walsingham  Steukky 
took  notice  of  to  Olivarez,  the  king  of  Spain's  ambassador  jq"'""^" 
at  Paris.     To  which  he  answered,  the  king  was  willing  to 
entertain  a  gentleman  of  countenance  that  offered  him  ser- 
vice, and  to  honour  such  with  the  honour  of  knighthood. 
Then   Walsingham    acquainted    him    with    the    course   of 
Steukley's  life  :  and  also  how  little  he  had  to  take  to.    And 
therefore  willed   him  to  consider  how  unworthy  he  was  of 
any  honour  or  entertainment  in   respect  of  himself.     But 
being,  said  AValsinghau),  a  rebel  unto  the  queen's  majesty, 
with  whom  the  house  of  Burgundy  had  had  so  long  amity, 
this  gave  her  occasion  to  think  that  kind  of  amity  not  to  an- 
swer best  to  such  good-will  as  ordinarily  was  professed. 

Our  historian  tells  us  moreover,  what  honours  the  pope  Titles  con- 
also  conferred  upon  this  dissolute  man,  viz.  the  title  of  mar- c^'f  "P"" 

x^  f      •  1  ^teukJey  by 

quis  ot  i^einster,  earl  of  Wexford,  and  viscount  and  baron  ti'e  pope. 
of  other  places  in  Ireland:  and  that  in  a  vapour  he  pro- eJI^ p. 230. 


14        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    mised  to  make  the  pope''s  base  son  king  of  Ireland.     The 
same  historian,  under  the  year  1578,  gives  an   account  of 


Anno  1570.  his  death  ;  being  slain  in  a  battle  in  Africa  with  the  king  of 
Fez,  going  thither  with  Sebastian  king  of  Portugal.  For 
after  the  king  of  Spain  had  bestowed  much  upon  him,  he 
found  him  at  length  not  worthy  of  any  more.  And  his 
practices  were  abated  in  Spain,  by  discovery  at  last  of  his 
looseness  and  insufficiency :  as  secretary  Cecill  wrote  to 
Walsingham  about  him. 
Prepara-  But  upon  the  said  English  ambassador  at  Paris,  his  in- 

inteHiKence  tcUigence  in  France,  and  other  intelligences  from  Spain, 
of  invasion  concerning  the  invading  of  Ireland,  the  queen  sent  a  gen- 
tleman out  of  hand  to  that  king,  to  understand  the  Span- 
iard''s  intention ;  and  who  should  deal  plainly  and  roundly 
with  him  in  that  matter.     And  in  the  mean  time  she  gave 
order,  against  all  events,  for  the  withstanding  of  any  enter- 
prises ;  as  well  by  sending  of  ships  to  the  seacoasts  of  Ire- 
land, as  by  other  land  forces  to  be  sent  thither.     And  or- 
dered her  ambassador  there  in  France  (if  he  should  have 
any  occasion)  to  deal  with  the  Spanish  ambassador,  and  to 
shew  him  these  reports.     And  that  if  he  should  hear  of  the 
queen''s  preparations  by  sea  and  land,  he  should  tell  him, 
that  it  was  for  her  defence :  and  that  in  case  she  should  be 
offended,  she  would  use  them  not  only  for  defence,  but  to 
offend  for  her  own  revenge :  as  she  wrote  in  her  letter  to 
Walsingham   her  ambassador.     Of  these   affairs  now  hap- 
pening concerning  Ireland,  our  historians  are  silent :  and 
therefore  I  relate  them  the  more  particularly,  and  proceed 
therein. 
The  ill  con-      And  it  appears  that  that  realm  was  but  in  an  ill  condi- 
ti'iat  kin°--   tion,  consuming  the  English  treasure.    Letters,  August  the 
dom  at  this  30th,  from  the  council  in  Dublin  the  last  year,  made  all 
MSS.  Ceci-  things  almost  desperate ;  viz.  "  That  the  Butlers,  brothers 
lian.  t<  ^Q  ^Q  gaj-l  of  Ormond,  increased  their  rebellion,   and 

"  would  not  cease  upon  their  said  brother''s  motions  made 
"  to  them.  And  that  the  rebels  in  the  north  were  coming 
"  to  invade  the  English  pale.  That  the  power  of  the  pale 
"  was  not  able  to  withstand  both  the  north  and  the  But- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  15 

"  lers.     This  secretary  Ceclll  wrote  in  his  private  letters    CHAP. 
"  to  his  friend  Nicolas  White,  seneschal  of  Wexford.    And 


"  that  they,  the  queen's  council,  would  attend  to  the  north,  Anno  1570. 
"  and  leave  the  Butlers."  And  many  such  advertisements  1 1 
came  daily.  But  that  other  news  from  Ireland  came,  that 
the  Butlers  now  had  stooped  to  the  earl  their  brother ;  and 
that  the  lord  deputy  had  had  good  success.  Yet  the  wars 
and  hostilities  went  on  this  year,  and  peace  went  rather 
backward  than  forward :  insomuch  that  the  secretary  called 
it,  a  loathsome  charge  to  the  crown :  adding,  PcBue  mihi 
nauseam  movet  ista  profusion  et  inutilis  inanitas  Jisci  re- 
git: praying  God  to  send  some  stay. 

Some  Frenchmen  the  latter  end  of  this  year,  underhand,  The  French 
had  invaded  unhappy  Ireland  by  De  la  Roche ;  who  dis-  "^^^^l^^^ 
covered  to  a  kinsman,  that  the  enterprise  in  Ireland  was  to  against 
have  executed  a  plot  of  conquest  devised  by  Peter  Strozza  ^-^^^y^  \^^_ 
in  king  Henry's  time :  and  which,  if  the  match  then  in  handters. 
between  Monsieur  and  the  queen  went  not  forward,  he  was 
promised   he  should   go  in   hand   withal.     This   was  the 
queen's  secretary's  intelligence  to  Walsingham,  ambassador 
in  France.     For   notwithstanding  the  correspondence  be- 
tween the  French  king  and  queen  Elizabeth  at  this  time, 
one  De  la  Roche,  of  that  king's  chamber,  was  the  captain 
that  led  a  party  of  French  that  had  lately  made  an  invasion 
in  Ireland :  but,  it  seems,  without  success.    And  of  this  the 
queen  was  informed  from  her  viceroy  in  Ireland.     The  fac- 
tion of  Guise  were  the  great  doers  in  this  enterprise.    This 
when  Walsingham  had  complained  of  to  the  French  king, 
he  denied  his  knowledge  of  it :  though  it  was  thought  he 
was  privy  to  it. 

It  was  discovered  to  be  the  pope's  nuncio  that  laboured  By  the  mo- 
to  draAv  Monsieur,  the  king's  brother,  into  this  practice :  p^p^.f  „„„. 
promising  for  the  maintenance  thereof,  to  be  paid  in  Paris  cio  to  Mon- 

r  o  j.„  sieur. 

100,000  [crowns]  for  his  encouragement ;  and  made  no  dit- 
ficulty  to  bring  the  same  to  pass,  in  respect  of  the  great  in- 
telligence that  they  had  both  in  England  and  Ireland.  And 
that  the  same  being  won,  it  would  be  an  easy  step  to  a  step 
of  more  consequence ;  meaning  England.    But  that  if  Mon- 


16         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    sicur  would  not  accept  this  promise,  yet  notwithstanding  it 
was  resolved  to  go  forward :  and  that  the  bill  of  credit  for 


Anno  1 570.  the  Said  sum  of  an  hundred  thousand  crowns  was  already 
Waising-  at  Paris.  All  this  an  intelligencer  employed  by  sir  Henry 
ters.  Norris,  ambassador  before  Walsingham,  came  and  informed 

Walsingham  of,  Norris  being  gone  home.  And  about  this 
time  Steukley  in  Spain  presented  an  instrument  unto  the 
king  thei'e,  not  only  subscribed  with  the  names  of  the  most 
part  of  the  Irish  nobility,  but  of  divers  of  England  of  good 
quality,  ready  to  be  at  his  devotion.  But  further  concern- 
ing De  la  Roche,  Walsingham  told  the  French  king,  that 
he  had  been  in  Ireland,  and  had  left  certain  soldiers  there ; 
De  la  Roclie  for  whose  safety  he,  the  said  De  la  Roche,  had  brought  to 

bungs  hos-  Pi-^nce  two  sons  of  one  Fitz-Morice  to  be  in  place  of  hos- 
tages irom  X 

Ireland.       tages :   who  then  remained  at  Brest  in  Brittany,  at  a  kins- 
man of  La  Roche's. 
12      By  the  means  of  duke  d*" Alva's  seizing  the  effects  of  the 
Cautiously  J^nfflish  merchants  in  the  Netherlands  the  last   year,  and 

to  treat  *=  .  ....  •' 

with  duke    the  quecn  in  reprisal  seizmg  of  the  Netherlanders'  goods 
abouurade  ^^^^  merchandises  in  her  dominions,  all  the  ancient  traffic 
because  of  between  England  and  the  Low  Countries  was  at  a  stay : 
league'^and  ^"^  great  damage  was   done  by  the  English  to  the  Low 
prince  of     Country  merchants  at  sea,  by  taking  their  ships,  and  by  the 
trade  removed  to  Hamburgh  and  other  parts.     But  after 
some  time,  about  this  year,  or  near  it,  a  motion  was  made 
for  the  renewing  of  trade  and  intercourse  between  the  two 
nations.     Concerning  this  it  was  now  seriously  debated,  and 
thought  convenient  to  proceed  more  cautiously  with  Spain; 
both  because  of  the  popish  league  against  the  state  of  reli- 
gion reformed,  and  of  the  Spanish  malice  against  the  queen 
and  her  realms :  also  withal  lest  any  commodities  might  be 
carried  from  hence  to  Flanders,  that  might  turn  to  the  dis- 
advantage or  inconvenience  of  the  prince  of  Orange  and  the 
reformed  in  those  countries :   that  were  now  struffo-lino:  for 
their  liberty  and  religion,  against  that  tyranny  and  oppres- 
sion then  exercised  in  those  countries. 

And  for  the  better  understanding  of  these  things,  and 
how  matters  stood  between  England  and  Spain  at  this  junc- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  17 

ture,  one  Aldersey,  an  understanding  merchant,  thus  wrote    CHAP. 
to  Cecill  wisely,  and  to  the  reputation  of  his  memory. 


Whereas  it  hath  pleased  the  queen's  majesty  to  agree  Anno  1570. 
"  unto  the  opening  of  traffic  between  this  realm  and  the  A'^^^^sey  a 

.    .  ^  ^    .  .  merchants 

"  dominion  of  the  king  of  Spain,  I  doubt  not  to  her  ma-  letter  to 

"jesty's  honour  and  the  benefit  of  the  common  weal;  so [jjTreLpon. 

"  do  I  assuredly  think  the  duke  of  Alva,  &c.  hath  sought  i^^^-  Ce- 

"  and  doth  embrace  the  same,  in  hope  thereby  the  sooner 

"  to  supplant  and  overthrow  the  prince  of  Orange,  with  the 

"  states  of  Holland  and  Zealand.     And  considering  the  de- 

'•'  termination  of  the  papistical  league,  and  the  particular 

"  malice  of  the  Spaniard,  and  namely,  the  duke  of  Alva,  it 

"  is  greatly  to  be  feared,  that  if  God   should  permit  the 

"  said  prince  and  countries  to  be  overthrown,  there  would 

"  small  faith  be  kept  towards  her  majesty,  her  highness' 

"  realms  and  subjects.    Wherefore  there  is  great  cause  to 

"  proceed  in  good  policy :  how  by  the  use  of  this  traffic 

"  the  said  prince,  &c.  may  take  the  least  hurt  that  may  be. 

"  Wherein  hoping  of  your  lordship's  goodness  to  take  my 

"  meaning  in  good  part,  I  am  bold  to  shew  my  simple 

"  opinion. 

"  I  hope  there  is  no  need  by  this  agreement  to  permit 
"  any  more  liberal  trade  of  her  majesty's  subjects  into  the 
"  Low  Countries,  but  by  the  merchant  adventurers,  and  of 
"  the  staple,  who  have  privileges  in  the  said  Low  Countries; 
"  whereby  of  right,  and  by  long  use,  other  her  majesty's 
"  subjects  might  not  occupy  into  the  said  countries  with 
"  any  commodities  of  this  realm  more  than  to  buy  those 
"  country  commodities. 

"  If  the  same  and  none  other  may  be  permitted  by  her  13 
"  majesty,  there  may  so  good  order  be  taken,  that  by,  &c. 
"  only  those  commodities  of  the  realm,  &c.  to  be  vented, 
"  may  be  shipped  into  the  Low  Countries ;  which  can  no 
"  way  so  much  hurt  the  prince  [of  Orange,]  Holland,  and 
"  Zealand,  as  may  the  carrying  of  corn,  wood,  hay,  coal, 
"  beef,  butter,  and  other  victuals  into  Flanders  and  other 
"  places  under  the  duke  of  Alva. 

"  And  herein  is  to  be  considered,  that  as  most  of  these 


18        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP.    "  things  be  stolen  out  in  creeks,  and  in  the  night  time,  and 
"  by  pretence  of  going  from  port  to  port  within  the  reahn 


Anno  1570.  "  without  paying  any  custom  ;  so  may  greedy  desire  of  gain 
*'  (which  is  hke  to  be  great)  cause  so  much  to  be  trans- 
"  ported,  as  this  realm  may  thereby  find  lack.  And  as  the 
"  doers  thereof  be  for  the  most  part  fishermen,  and  of  other 
"  occupations,  who  leave  their  faculties  to  follow  these 
"  things,  and  much  more  will  do  if  they  may  be  suffered  ; 
"  even  so  the  restraining  of  them  will  enforce  them  to  use 
"  their  several  sciences,  to  the  benefit  of  the  realm. 

"  Where  it  may  be  said,  the  Flemings  will  send  these 
"  things,  and  serve  the  said  parties  very  amply ;  it  is  to  be 
"  answered,  that  those  of  Zealand  will  by  no  means  suffer 
"  them ;  but  so  to  keep  the  coast  of  Flanders  and  other 
"  places,  that  the  Flemings  shall  not  stir :  and  yet  none  of 
"  them  restrained  by  her  majesty,  &c. 

"  And  if  they  of  Zealand  may  without  offence  restrain 
"  such  Englishmen  as  shall  carry  things  into  those  places 
"  which  shall  not  be  free  by  the  said  privileges,  nor  allowed 
*'  by  such  order  as  may  be  taken  with  them  of  Zealand, 
"  they  will  cause  much  better  order  to  be  kept  in  that  be- 
*'  half  than  any  provision  of  her  majesty  will  do. 

"  And  these  things  well  provided  for,  in  my  judgment 
"  the  prince  and  the  said  countries  shall  receive  small  hurt 
"  by  this  opening  of  traffic,  they  having  liberty  to  uee  this 
"  realm  as  other  subjects  of  the  king.  And  so  craving  par- 
"  don  for  my  boldness,  I  pray  God  long  to  preserve  your 
*'  honour  in  health. 

"  Your  lordship's  at  command, 

"  Tho.  Aldersey." 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  19 

CHAP.  II.  14 

A  determination  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  clmrch  of 
Scotland,  Jbr  obedience  to  the  new  king'.  Queen  Eliza- 
beth in  perplexity  about  restoring  of  the  Scots  queen. 
Match  Jbr  the  queen  with  the  French  Mng-''s  brother. 
The  queen  hoxv  affected  towards  it.  Astrological  inquiry 
into  her  nativity  about  it.  The  pope's  bidl  against  the 
queen  set  up  at  Paris.  A  secret  jjopish  design  against 
England.  Wrecks  upon  the  coast  of  Sussex  claimed  by 
the  bishop)  ()f  Chichester.  A  suit  with  the  lord  culmiral 
about  it.  Proclamatio7is  about  pirates.  The  governor 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight  sends  out  ships  ctfter  them. 

JL  HE  affairs  of  Scotland  and  the  Scots  queen  affected  Eng- Anno  1570. 
land  also  at  this  time.     And  the  fear  of  popery  from  that  ^"  '^'^"'^" 
quarter  disturbed  this   kingdom  :  insomuch,  that   those  of  queen  de- 
the  court,  and  the  rest  of  the  land  that  favoured  the  re-i'"**^''- 
formed  religion,  were  secretly  well-disposed  to  the  action  in 
that  realm,  of  deposing  that  queen,  and  to  the  succession  of 
her  son.    Which  was  done  by  the  states  of  parliament  there. 
And  a  solemn  decree  was  also  made  by  the  Scotch  clergy 
in  their  general  assembly  in  the  month  of  July,  1570,  and 
obedience  accordingly  enjoined  to  be  given  by  all  the  clergy 
to  the  king,  and  to  pray  for  him.     Which   I    have    seen 
among  the  papers  of  Randolph,  the  queen's  ambassador  to 
that    kingdom :   which  also  was   printed,  and   ran  in  this 
tenor. 

"  A  determination  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  church  of 
"  Scotland,  halden  in  Edinburgh,  the  1th  day  of  July, 
"  1570,  anent  the  obedience  to  be  given  to  the  king's  ma- 
^^  jesty  his  authority,  and  Jbr  praying  Jbr  his  grace'' s 
"  prosperous  reign,  &c. 

"  It  was  concluded  by  the  whole  assembly  convened,  as  Decree  of 
"  wel    superintendents,   commissioners    to    plain   churches,  *''*^  general 

.  '.  ...  .  assembly  of 

"  commissioners  of  towns,  universities,  provinces,  churches,  that  diurcli 
"  baronies,  and  gentlemen,  with  uthers  of  Christes  congre-  '?''"b«- 

'  c5  '  es        dience  to 

"  gation  :  that  as  it  hath  pleased  God  of  his  mercy  to  erect  tiie  new 
"  the  authority  of  the  king's  majesty  over  us  by  publicte  '"^" 

c  2 


so         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,   "consent  of  the  estates  in  parlament,  even  so  the  same 
"  ought  and  should  be  universally  obeyed  throughout  this 


Anno  1570.  a  realm,  without  acknowledging  any  other  authority,  what- 
"  soever  title  be  pretended. 

"  Moreover,  al  ministers  are  commanded,  in  their  pub- 

"  licte  sermons,  to  pray  publictly  for  the  preservation  of  his 

"  majesties  person  and  authority :  assuring   them,  that  al 

15"  such  as  shal  be  found  negligent  or  inobedient  heirinto, 

*'  shal  be  punished  as  the  church  shal  think  expedient. 

*'  And  further  pronounceth,  that  if  any  subject  or  sub- 
"  jects  of  this  realm  (of  what  estate  they)  shal  presumptu- 
"  ovisly  take  upon  them  to  inhibit  any  minister  to  obey  this 
"  ordinance  of  the  general  church,  what  cloik  or  colour  so- 
"  ever  he  or  they  shall  pretend,  or  by  manasing  make  im- 
"  pediment  unto  them,  so  that  without  fear  ministers  may 
"  not  serve  God  in  their  vocation ;  that  in  that  case  such 
"  trou biers  shall  be  summarlie,  upon  the  notoriety  of  the 
"  fault,  excommunicate ;  and  shal  be  halden  as  rotten  mem- 
"  bers,  unworthy  of  the  society  of  Christ''s  body,  &c. 

"  And  last,  commandes  al  superintendents  of  commis- 
"  sioners  of  provinces  to  cause  this  determination  to  be 
"  published  in  al  parish  churches,  that  none  hereafter  pre- 
"  tend  ignorance,  &c.  Geven  in  the  general  assembly  of 
"  the  church  of  Scotland,  and  third  session  therof.  Sub- 
"  scrived  by  the  clerk  of  the  same :  day,  year,  and  place 
"  aforesaid. 

"  M.  J.  Gray." 

Queen  Eli-  Queen  Elizabeth,  apprehensive  of  her  danger  from  the 
disposed  to-  popish  party  in  Scotland,  and  queen  Mary's  friends  there, 
wards  the    ,,g^  remained  unresolved  what  to  do ;  and  whether  to  con- 

Scotsqueen,  J  .  i        i     • 

deposed.  sent  to  what  was  done  m  Scotland  towards  then-  queen. 
However,  her  own  security  inclined  her  on  the  other  hand  ; 
that  is,  to  favour  what  the  protestants  had  done :  of  whom 
she  was  better  assured  that  they  were  on  her  side.  And 
therefore,  when  commissioners  were  sent  out  of  Scotland  to 
the  queen  in  March  to  adjust  the  Scots  queen''s  affairs,  (viz. 
the  bishops  of  Galway  and  Ross,   and  lord  Leviston,   on 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  21 

that  queen''s  part;  and  earl  Morton,  and  two  more,  on  the    CHAP. 
king's,)  and  both  parties  were  very  stifF;   one,  for  the  queen 


II. 


to  be  restored  to  her  government;   the  other,  for  the  king  Anno  1570 
her  son  to  reign  :  the  English  court  stood  variously  affected  : 
which  the  earl  of  Leicester,  in  the  said  month  of  March, 
gave  this  account  of  to  Walsingham,  then  the  queen's  am- 
bassador in  France  :   "  That  the  queen  was  scrupulous  about  The  ac- 
"  it.    The  unworthiness  of  their  queen  to  rule  she  granted  :  of'by  th7^ 
"  but  the  instances  of  their  cause,  to  depose  her  from  her  «^' '  "^  ^ei- 
"  dignity,  she  could  hardly  be  persuaded  in.     And  so  she 
"  remained  much  perplexed.     That  on   the  one  side  she 
"  was  loath  to  set  her  up,  or  to  restore  her  to  her  estate 
"  again :  and  on  the  other  side,   as  loath   to  defend  that 
"  'which  she  was  not  yet  well  persuaded  to  have  justice 
"  with  it.     Between  these,  her  council  sought  for  these  two 
"  things,  viz.   that  herself  might  be  preserved  in  surety, 
*'  and  the  true  religion  maintained  assuredly.     For  that  as 
"  the  state  of  the  world  stood,  and  upon  true  examination 
"  of  this  cause,  it  appeared,  that  both  the  ways  were  dan- 
*'  gerous  touching  the  queen  of  Scots.     For  as  there  was 
"  danger  in  delivering  her  to  her  government,  so  there  was 
*'  danger  in  retaining  her  in  prison  :  her  friends  abroad  be- 
*'  ginning  to  speak  proudly  for  her."     Thus  the  earl  of  16 
Leicester.     But  it   was  known,  that  all  that  was  done  in 
this  conference  was  sent  by   special  messengers  from  the 
Scotch  queen's  party  to  the  French  king,  the  king  of  Spain, 
and  the  pope;  and   succours  conveyed   at  this  very  time 
from  them ;  as  appears  by  a  paper  of  secretary  Cecill,  which  Annai.  Re- 
may  be  read  in  the  Annals  of  the  Reformation.  !°"""  ^\ 

"^  .  57-  vol.  I. 

Religion  was  also  very  much  concerned  this  year,  in  the  How  the 
motions  that  were  made  about  queen  Elizabeth's  marriage. ''"''''°  f""*^ 

^  ^      affected  to- 

I'or  though  her  subjects  earnestly  desired  her  marriage,  towards 
secure  a  protestant  succession,  yet  they  dreaded  her  match-  ^J^f,.' 
ing  with  a  popish  foreign  prince.  But  even  they  that  were 
in  the  true  English  interest,  out  of  a  fear  of  the  Scots 
queen's  succession,  could  have  been  glad  to  see  her  mar- 
ried with  whomsoever  it  were,  equal  in  dignity  with  herself. 
This  appeared,  and  also  how  the  queen  herself  pretended, 

c3 


matching 

■ance. 


22         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    for  the  good  of  her  people,  to  be  affected  that  way,  by  ex^ 
_______  pressions  in   secretary   Ceciirs  correspondence  (in  a  letter 

Anno  1570.  dated    March   the  3d)   with   Walsingham,   ambassador  in 
The  secre-    prance:  instructing  him  from   the  queen,   "That  if  any 

tary's  in-  .       *^  .  i    i  •  •     i     ■        i 

structions     "  should  deal  With  hmi  to  understand  his  mind,  in  the  case 
to  Waising-  ii  ^  ^      marriao-e,  he  might  sav,  that  at  his  coming  from 

nam  in  that  &   '  . 

aftair.  "  England,  upon  some  common  bruit  of  such  a  matter  con- 

Amb!'         "  cerning  her  majesty  and  monsieur  d''Anjou,  the  French 
"  king's  brother,  he  [Walsingham]  was  assured,  that  her 
"  majesty,  upon  consideration  of  the  benefit  of  her  realm, 
"  and  to  content  her  subjects,  resolved  to  marry,  if  she 
"  could  find  a  person  in  estate  and  condition  fit  for  her  to 
"  match  withal.     And  that  she  meant  not  to  marry  but 
"  with    a  person  of  the  family  of  a   prince."     And  that 
Walsingham  should  say,  that  he  could  not  by  any  means 
perceive,  that  her  majesty  was  altered  from  that  disposition. 
So  as    that   he  might  conclude,   that  if  any  such   matter 
should  be  moved  to  him  by  any  meet  person  to  deal  there- 
in, he  would  advertise  her  majesty  thereof.     And  that  her 
majesty  Avould  have  him  so  to  do.     And  then   that  wise 
counsellor  added  his  own  judgment;   "  That  if  God  should 
"  permit  this  marriage,   or  any  other,   to  take  place,  he 
"  [Walsingham]  might  well  judge,  that  no  time  was  to  be 
"  wasted,  otherwise  than  honour  might  require.     That  he 
"  was  not  able  to  discern  what  was  best :  but  that  he  saw 
"  no  continuance  of  her  quietness  without  a  marriage.   And 
"  that  therefore  he  remitted  the  success  to  Almighty  God." 
But  this,  he  said,  he  writ  privaticly  to  him,  as  he  trusted  it 
should  remain  to  himself.     How  matters  proceeded  in  duke 
d'Anjou's  courtship  of  the  queen  will  be  shewn  under  the 
next  year. 
Tiie  queen's      And  because  the  welfare  of  the  nation  did  so  much  de- 
'Iiiheii  hi'to'  P^'iitl  upon  the  queen''s  marriage,  it  seems  some  were  em- 
foi  her  mar- ployed  Secretly,  by  calculating  her  nativity,  to  inquire  into 
her  niarriage.     For  which  art  even  secretary  Cecill  himself 
had  some  opinion.      I  have  met  among  his  papers  with  such 
a  judgment  made,  written  all  with  his  own  hand.     Which 
17  judgment  I  am  apt  to  believe  (if  not  done  secretly  by  him- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  23 

self)  he  had  either  from  one  BomeUus,  a  Dutchman,  and    CHAP, 
famous  for  physic  and  this  art,  and  resiant  in    England 


about  this  time  ;  or  perhaps  from  sir  Thomas  Smith  :  who  Anno  1570. 
studied  astrology  much ;  and  by  this  scheme  he  found  that 
the  queen  had  not  much  inclination  to  marriage :  yet  that 
her  wedlock  would  be  very  happy  to  her :  that  she  should 
be  somewhat  elder  when  she  entered  into  matrimony :  and 
that  then  she  would  have  a  young  man  that  was  never  be- 
fore married^:  that  she  then  should  be  in  the  31st  year  =*  And  so 

1        1  1         rTAi  the  duke  of 

of  her  age:  that  she  should  have  but  one  husband.  1  hen Anjou was. 
for  the  quality  of  the  man,  that  he  should  be  a  foreigner. 
That  (especially  towards  the  middle  of  her  age)  she  should 
not  much  delight  in  wedlock :  that  she  should  obey  and 
reverence  her  husband,  and  have  him  in  great  respect. 
That  she  should  arrive  at  a  prosperous  married  estate ;  but 
slowly,  and  after  much  counsel  taken,  and  the  common  ru- 
mour of  it  everywhere,  and  aft-er  very  great  disputes  and 
arguings  concerning  it  for  many  years,  by  divers  persons, 
before  it  should  be  effected.  And  then  she  should  become 
a  bride  without  any  impediment.  That  her  husband  should 
die  first :  and  yet  she  should  hve  long  with  her  husband ; 
and  should  possess  much  of  his  estate.  For  children,  but 
few,  yet  very  great  hope  of  one  son,  that  should  be  strong, 
famous,  and  happy  in  his  mature  age :  and  one  daughter. 
The  calculation  of  all  this,  by  judgment  and  aspects  of  the 
planets,  is  set  down  in  the  Appendix.  It  was  drawn  up,  Numb,  iv, 
no  doubt,  privately,  for  Cecill''s  own  instruction,  to  judge 
the  better  of  so  weighty  an  affair,  by  what  might  be  ga- 
thered from  astrology ;  the  good  estate  of  the  whole  realm 
so  much  depending  on  the  queen's  marriage. 

The  bull  of  pope  Pius  V.  against  queen  Ehzabeth  was  The  pope's 
set  up  in  Paris  at  Pont  St.  Estienne,  containing  the  self-  (jueen^Eii- 
same  matter,  and  on  the  same  day  (March  the   2d)  that  zabeth  set 

.  ^      „      ,         1  •  1  I      "P  in  Paris. 

Felton  set  it  up  at  St.  Pauls,  London :  puttmg  her  under 
a  curse,  and  all  that  adhered  to  her;  and  absolving  her 
subjects  from  their  oath  of  allegiance  :  and  those  that  should 
obey  her  to  be  involved  under  the  said  curse.  This  inso- 
lent bull  may  be  read  at  length  in  our  histories ;  and  par- 

c  4 


24         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,   ticularly   in    Camden's   Elizabeth.     The   people   of  Paris 
flocked  mightily  together  about  it.     The  queen's  ambas- 


Anno  i670.ga(jQrg  j-^gj^  \^  France  were  the  lord  Buckhurst  and  Mr. 
1570!°"'*     Walsingham.  Whose  servant  went  boldly  and  tore  it  down, 
and  brought  it  to  his  master.  Who  with  the  lord  Buckhurst, 
after  some  conference,   repaired  to  the  king;  and  imme- 
diately broke  with  him  in  that  behalf.    He  calling  Walsing- 
ham unto  him,  asked  him  the  contents  of  the  said  bull. 
Whereof  being  advertised,  and  Walsingham  presenting  to 
him  so  much  of  the  said  bull  as  was  given  him  by  his  ser- 
vant, the  king  shewed  himself  very  much  moved  thereat,  in 
such  sort  as  that  both  might  very  well  see  he  was  unfeigned. 
Compi.       And  forthwith  he  called  Lansac  unto  him,  to  take  order 
Arab.  p.  49.  ^^-^^^  ^-^^  judge  criminal,  for  the  searching  out  of  the  setter 
1 8  up  of  the  same.     And  assured  the  ambassadors,  if  by  any 
means  he  could  be  found,  he  should  receive  such  punish- 
ment as  such  a  presumption  required ;  considering  the  good 
amity  between  him  and  his  good  sister.    Walsingham  then 
shewed  the  king,  that  if  he  did  not  take  order  in  this,  the 
like  measure  might  be  measured  to  himself.     To  Avhich  he 
answered,  that  he  did  perceive  that  very  well;  and  that 
whosoever  he  were,  that  should  seem  to  touch  in  honour 
any  of  his  confederates,  he  would  make  account  of  him  ac- 
cordingly.    After   Walsingham    departed  from    the   king, 
Lansac  told  him  in   his  ear,  that  he  had  great  cause  to 
guess,  that  this  was  done  by  some  Spanish  practice. 
An  Italian        It  may  open  a  door  to  the  dangerous  practices  that  fol- 
gahis't  Eng-  lowed  the  next  year,  by  reason  of  the  Scots  queen  and  the 
land  in        dukc  of  Norfolk,  what  was  told  to  Walsingham  the  latter 
Coinpi.        end  of  this.    Which  was,  that  one  who  desired  his  name  to 
Ambass.      ^^  -j^  cipher,  gave  him  to  understand,  that  a  friend  of  his, 
in  talk  with  an  Italian  bishop,  (who  came  lately  to  Paris 
from  the  pope  to  congratulate  the  marriage  of  the  French 
king,)  had  learned  of  him,  that  he  had  a  practice  in  hand 
for  England;   which   would   not   be  long  before  it   brake 
forth  :  and  further  shewed,  that  one  merchant  in  that  town 
had  14,000  crowns  to  be  employed  in  that  behalf. 
Bishop  of        i3j.  Curteis  was  this  year  consecrated  bishop  of  Chichcs- 

Chicliester's  "^  ^ 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  25 

ter,  in  the  room  of  Barlow,  deceased.     This  bishop  had   CHAP, 
some  controversy  with   the   lord   admiral  for   sea^wrecks ;  ' 


which  he  claimed,  as  bishop  of  Chichester :  not  only  such  Anno  1570. 
as  were  within  his  lands  and  manors,  but  also  some  miles  "^''V"  *'^*' 

'  _    wrecks  upon 

out  at  sea,  on  the  coast  of  Chichester.     Whereupon  a  suit  tiie  coasts  of 

1        o  1  -i-  1  p  •       •       ii      Chichester. 

was  commenced,  several  wntmgs  whereoi  remani  hi  the  paper- 
Paper-office.  There  it  appears,  that  information  was  brought  "ffi';e. 
against  the  bishop,  that  a  hull  of  a  ship  was  brought  by  upoiuT*^ 
one  Walkaden,  and  seized  by  the  lord  admiral's  deputy,  in 
the  haven's  mouth  of  Chichester:  which  was  sold  by  the 
bishop  of  Chichester,  or  his  officers,  to  a  servant  of  his : 
and  was  afterwards  broken  up  by  one  John  Bulke,  his  ser- 
vant. For  the  which  there  was  process  served  upon  the 
said  John  Bulke,  out  of  the  court  of  admiralty.  There  it 
was  pleaded,  that  the  said  bishop  had  nine  or  ten  slyages  of 
iron,  pieces  of  cables,  sails,  and  divers  other  things,  fetched 
from  a  ship  sunk  at  the  shoals,  twelve  miles  from  the  land, 
about  a  year  and  half  past.  And  that  there  was  no  process 
against  the  said  fetchers  of  the  same,  because  they  were 
poor  men ;  and  that  it  was  thought  his  lordship  would  take 
order  for  it  without  suit.  That  although  the  said  bishop 
had  by  charter  wrakea  maris,  within  his  lordship's  manors, 
lands,  tenements,  fees,  and  possessions ;  yet  he  might  not 
meddle  with  the  hull  of  the  said  ship,  considering  it  was  a 
pirate's,  and  possessed  and  seized  by  the  lord  admiral  be- 
fore it  came  near  the  place  where  the  bishop  did  claim 
that  privilege.  The  other  goods  were  fet  from  the  sea, 
twelve  miles  from  the  land.  That  the  charter  which  the 
bishop  shewed  for  the  jurisdiction  of  admiralty,  made  in  19 
Harry  the  Sixth's  time,  was  resumed  by  the  statute  of  re- 
sumption in  the  twenty-eighth  year  of  his  reign.  And  be- 
sides, that  the  queen's  majesty  had  now  the  lands  where  he 
did  now  so  challenge  the  admiral's  jurisdiction,  so  that  un- 
less he  had  reserved  the  said  jurisdiction  when  he  departed 
with  his  lands  to  the  queen,  his  said  jurisdiction  did  pass 
away  with  the  lands.  This  was  the  plea  on  the  side  of  the 
lord  admiral :  what  that  on  the  bishop's  was,  I  find  not. 
But  the  charter  of  Henry  VI.  before  mentioned,  granting 


26         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CtlAP.    the  privilege  of  wrecks  to  this  see,  may  be  read  in  the  Ap- 
'       pendix. 


Anno  1570.      This,  it  seems,  had  been  a  cause  tried  before,  in  king 

""'  ■    ;    Henry  the  Eighth's  time,  between  a  bishop  of  Chichester 

rai  Lisle,      that  then  was,  and   sir  Arthur   Lisle,  lord   admiral :  who 

under  king  ^^^  laving:  hands  upon  a  wreck  in   the  coast  of  Sussex. 

Henry  VIII.  Jo  f 

yields  this  Whereupon  the  bishop  of  Chichester  claimed  it  as  his  right : 
bishop"  '^  ^"^  withal,  to  satisfy  him  therein,  produced  to  him  a  copy 
of  the  foresaid  patent  from  the  said  king  Henry,  granting 
to  Adam  the  bishop  all  such  privileges :  who  was  bishop  of 
Chichester  anno  1445,  24  Hen.  VI.  Whereupon  the  said 
lord  Lisle  sent  this  letter  to  the  said  bishop. 

"  My  lord. 

His  letter        "  In  my  hertiest  wise,  I  commend  me  unto  you,  plcsyth 

shon'.^  "'    "  .yt  y^^^  funderstond,  that  I  have  perused  your  graunt  of 

Paper-         a  your  libertyes ;  which  is  sure  and  good,  as  I  am  informed 

"  by  lerned  men.    Wherfore  I  am  very  wel  contented  that 

"  you  sell  this  late  wrack,  as  yours ;  for  I  wyll  not,  in  no 

"  wyse,  be  against  you  nor  your  church,  to  break  any  such 

"  your  liberties  or  franchises,  which  by  your  graunt  I  per- 

"  ceive  you  have :  and  also  of  old  tyme,  accordingly  to  the 

"  tenour  hereof,  have  occupyed  and  used.     And  thus  fare 

"  your  good  lordship  hartily  well.     From  London,  this  vii 

"  of  March. 

*'  Your  own  Arthur  Lysley." 

The  wreck,  about  which  the  suit  above  mentioned  was 
commenced,  was,  it  seems,  of  a  pirate's  ship :  which  the  ad- 
miral made  his  plea  for  claiming  it  from  the  bishop.    I  find, 
indeed,  tlie  pirates  were  now  very  stirring  upon  our  seas. 
Prociania-    Which  gave  occasion  of  tiie  queen's  issuing  out  a  procKima- 
tion  against  •        ^^^ted  in  Juuc  this  year  from  Hampton-court,  against 

jiirates,  and  '  -J  ,  . 

receiving     them ;   who  made  good  spoils  of  the  goods  of  the  king  of 

iiir  sjK)!  s.  t;;p.^(i-'g  subjects,  as  well  as  of  others.     These  seemed  to  be 

chiefly  Flemings.     She  therefore  minding  to  give  as  little 

offence  as  possible  to  that  great  and  proud  king,  and  that 

he  might  have  no  real  cause  of  ({uarrelling  with  her,  (as  he 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  27 

sought  occasion,)  as  she  had  therefore  restrained  sea-rovers   CHAP, 
by  a  strict  proclamation  the  last  year,  so  now  by  another 


she  forbade  any  of  her  subjects  on  the  coast  of  the  sea  toA"»o  1570. 

receive  the  commodities  such  pirates  should  bring  to  sell. 

It  set  forth,  "  how  that  by  a  special  proclamation  last  year 

"  given  at  Oteland,  she  had 'directed  sundry  good  orders  to 

"  her  ports,  for  the  removing  and  expelling  of  all  pirates 

"  out  of  the  narrow  seas  upon  the  coast  of  her  realms.  And  20 

"  that  thereupon  several  evil  persons  were  apprehended  in 

*'  her  ports ;  and  were,  as  it  was  notorious,  executed  of  late 

"  times  as  pirates.     But  that  though  no  manifest  pirates 

"  were  then  known  to  resort  to  any  her  majesty's  ports; 

"  yet  it  was  supposed,  that,  by  the  fraud  and  greediness  of 

"  some  negligent  officers  in  some  small  ports  or  creeks  of 

"  the  realm,  certain  goods  and  merchandises  were  secretly 

"  brought  into  those  ports,  as  was  said,  from  some  ships  of 

"  war  of  other  countries  ;  being  upon  the  high  seas,  and 

"  out  of  the  danger  of  her  majesty"'s  castles  or  bulwarks 

"  to   be   stayed ;    and    were    thought    to   be    by   her   ma- 

"  jesty 

"  For  remedy,  she  eftsoons  commanded  all  manner  of 
"  persons  to  have  a  more  earnest  regard  to  the  observation 
"  of  all  things  contained  in  the  foresaid  proclamation,  upon 
"  several  pains  therein  contained,  and  the  same  proclama- 
"  tion  now  publish  and  observe."  And  her  majesty  pre- 
sently addeth,  "  that  if  any  officer  in  any  port  or  creek 
"  should  have  any  knowledge  or  information  given  of  any 
"  person  that  should  buy,  or  any  ways  attain  to  any  man- 
"  ner  goods  or  merchandises,  brought  in  otherwise  than  or- 
"  dinarily  and  publicly  by  merchants'  ships,  as  lawfully 
"  trading  merchandise ;  the  said  officers,  for  not  appre- 
"  bending  the  offender,  and  for  not  withstanding  such 
*'  frauds,  to  be  deprived  of  their  offices,  and  committed  to 
"  prison  without  bail,  if  their  offices  be  of  her  majesty's 
"  gift:  and  if  by  grant  of  any  corporation,  the  whole  li- 
"  berty  of  the  corporation,  for  such  misuses,  shall  be  se- 
"  cured  into  her  majesty's  hands,  and  be  extinguished,  &c. 


28        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP.    "  Given  at  Hampton-court,  the  6  of  June,  1570,  the  xil  of 
"  her  reiffn." 

■  ■     ^ -    ■  O 

A1U101570.      Notwithstanding,  complaint  was  made,  abovit  the  latter 
The  go-       gj^j  ^f  j.|jg  year   by  the  Spanish  ambassador  in  Paris,  to  the 

veriior  of  ./         '      ^  i  ^ 

the  Isle  of   English  ambassador  there,  of  pirates,  haunting  the  narrow 

semisthips  ^^^^'  (especially  about  the  Isle  of  Wigiu,)  that  robbed  the 

after  pirates  king's  ships.     It  was  true;  but  the  crimes  were  committed 

seas.  by  some  belonging  to  the  prince  of  Orange :  as  Cecil  wrote 

Corupi.       tQ  Walsingham :  a  thing  the  English  could  not  help.     But 

Mr.  Horsey,  governor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  w  as  despatched 

with  authority  to  set  forth  certain  ships,  either  to  take  them, 

or  to  drive  them  from  the  coasts.    For  he  confessed  to  Wal- 

singham  privately,  that  they  were  too  much  favoured  lucri 

causa.     But,  however,  he  might  avow  truly,  as  he  added, 

that  the  queen  did  not  favour  them. 


21  CHAP.  III. 

Orders  and  injunctions  for  preventing Jr  ays  andjightings 
in  London.  Constables  to  carry  staves.  The  queeix^s  daily 
learned  studies.  Secretary  Cecil  created  lord  Burghley. 
His  troubles.  iSir  Tho.  Smith  becomes  secretary  in  his 
place.  Walsingham  ambassador  in  France^  his  com- 
plaint. Sir  Nicolas  Throgmorton ;  his  death ;  disease 
and  character.  Earl  of  Sussex.  Mr.  Thomas  Cecils  let- 
ter to  him  :  zvho  had  recommended  him  to  the  queen.  Sir 
Francis  Engle field's  presumptuous  letter.  Bishop  Sandys 
nominated Jbr  London  :  his  excuse ;  and  acceptance :  his 
first  visitation.  The  Italian  church  in  London.  Fox^s 
second  edition  of  his  Martyrology. 

Disorders     ]\|  Q  W  for  more  domestic  affairs,  and  observations  of  divers 

and  frays  ,  . 

in  London,  persons  ol  character  or  quality.  T.  his  year,  or  near  it,  a 
notable  proclamation  was  set  forth  by  the  lord  mayor  of 
London,  for  the  regulation  and  good  order  of  that  great 
metropolitical  city,  not  only  upon  the  queen''s  charge  to 
him  to  preserve  peace  in  that  her  chief  city,  but  also  be- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  29 

cause  lately  there  had  been  great  frays  and  fightings,  and    ^^.^^* 
murders  too,  committed   in   and  about  the  said  city,  by 


cudgels,  called  bastinadoes^  and  other  weapons.  The  latter  ^°"°  ^^^"• 
forbidden  to  be  drawn,  and  the  former  to  be  carried,  by  a 
very  strict  and  well-penned  proclamation  published  in  print. 
Which  all  constables,  for  their  better  direction  and  remem- 
brance, were  to  have  in  their  houses :  and  they  enjoined  to 
carry  a  white  staff.  It  was  entitled.  For  the  suppressing 
ofjrays,  and  Jray-makers,  and  disturbers  of  the  queeii's 
peace. 

"  It  began  with  the  mention  of  a  law  of  king  Edward  I.  The  lord 
"  in  the  third  of  his  reign ;   wherein  he  did  enact,  that  the  prodama- 
"  peace  of  the  holy  church  and  of  the  land  should  be  well  tio"  fo«' 

iTi  1  •         •        1    •         ^•^  •  Ji        preventing 

"  guarded,  kept,  and  mamtamed  m  all  pomts ;  and  that  the  same. 

"  egal  justice  should  be  done,  as  well  to  the  rich  as  to  the 

"  poor,  without   respect  of  persons.     And  that  king   Ri- 

"  chard  II.  in  his  parliament  the  first  of  his  reign,  did  in 

"  like  manner  well  and  straitly  command,  that  peace  in  his 

"  realm  should  be  surely  observed  and  kept :  so  that  all 

"  his  lawful   subjects  might  from   thenceforth   safely  and 

"  peaceably  go,  come,  and  dwell,  according  to  the  law  and 

"  usage  of  the  realm ;  and  that  justice  and  right  should  be 

"  indifferently  ministered.     It  set  forth  likewise,  that  the 

"  queen's  most  excellent  majesty,  as  well  by  her  own  mouth, 

"  as  by  her  honourable  council,   had  sundry  times  given 

"  strait  charge  and  commandment  to  the  lord  mayor  and  22 

"  his  brethren  the  aldermen,  and  to  their  predecessors,  that 

"  they  should  well  and  diligently  conserve  and  keep  the 

"  peace  of  our  sovereign  lady  within  the  city  and  suburbs. 

"  And  forsomuch  as  a  far  greater  confluence,  as  well  of  the 

"  lords,  great  men,  prelates,  knights,  and  gentlemen  of  this 

*'  land,  and  other  the  common  people,  was  made  to  this 

"  honourable  city  of  London  than  to  any  other  part  of  the 

"  realm,  as  well  for  their  suits  in   the  queen"'s  highness"* 

"  courts,  as   for  other  their   negociations ;   and  for  these 

"  causes  there  was  required  a  far  greater  and  more  diligent 

"  care,  within   the  city  especially,  for  the  conservation  of 

"  her  majesty*'s  peace ;  and  chiefly  for  that  this  city  is  the 


so         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP.    "  principal  city  and  spectacle  of  the  whole  realm;  by  the 

^^^-       "  government  whereof  all  other  cities  and  places  do  take 

Anno  1570. "  example :  and  also,  whereas  the  lord  mayor  is  the  queen's 

The  mayor  u  hiplmess'  lieutenant  in  the  same  city  ;  and  by  the  char- 

the  queen  s  "  i  p     i       i       i 

lieutenant.  "  ters,  liberties,  franchises,  and  customs  thereot,  hath  the 

"  full   execution  of  the  queen's  prerogative  royal  for  the 

"  conservation  of  the  peace  and  defence  of  bearing  armour 

"  within  all  parts  of  this  city  and  the  suburbs  thereof: 

Desperate        "  And  forasmuch  as  of  late  times,  within  this  honourable 

the  dty"     "  ^1^7'  ^"'^  t^^^  liberties  and  suburbs,  upon  quarrels  begun, 

"  as  well  in  other  parts  of  the  realm,  as  within  this  city, 

"  and  in  other  places  near  adjacent,  great  and  desperate 

"  affrays  have  been  foughten  within  the  said  city :  where- 

"  upon   hath  ensued  horrible   murder  and  desperate  man- 

*'  slaughters ;   to  the  great  displeasure  of  Almighty  God, 

"  and  to  the  manifest  contempt  of  the  queen  s  most  excel- 

"  lent  majesty,  her  crown  and  dignity : 

Reforma-         «  For  reformation  whereof  the  lord  mayor,  by  the  good 

lion  there-  ^^  ^^^  grave  advice  of  his  brethren  the  aldermen,  did  in  the 

"  queen's  name  most  straitly  charge,  will,  and  command, 

"  that  as  well  all  her  majesty's  subjects,  as  all  other  per- 

"  sons,  resorting,  dwelling,  or  abiding  within  the  said  city, 

"  or  the  liberties  and  suburbs  of  the  same,  shall  from  hence- 

"  forth  firmly  keep,  guard,  and  maintain  in  all  points  the 

No  drawing "  pcacc  of  our  Said  sovereign  lady.     And  that  no  person 

weapon.       ^  p^.pg^,i^e  to  draw  or  use  any  weapon  to  fight,  upon  pain 

"  of  forfeiture  of  the  same,  and  to  have  prisonment  of  his 

"  body  during  her  majesty's  pleasure,  and  to   make  fine 

"  and  ransom  for  the  same  offence. 

"  And  for  the  better  repressing  of  such  as  be  common 
"  disturbers  and  breakers  of  her  majesty's  peace,  he  com- 
"  manded  all  her  majesty's  good  subjects  diligently  to  assist 
"  the  constables,  and  other  her  majesty's  officers,  in  pacify- 
"  ing  of  affrays,  and  apprehending  of  such  as  were  breakers 
"  and  disturbers  of  lier  majesty's  }x>ace,  as  often  as  they 
"  shall  be  called  upon  by  the  said  constables,  upon  pain  of 
"  imprisonment,  and  further  punishment.  And  that  the 
"  constables  within  the  said  city  aiul  liberties  may  at  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  31 

time  of  such  affrays  be  the  better  known,  the  lord  mayor    CHAP, 
did  hereby  charge  and  command,  that  every  constable 


"  should  have  a  white  staff,  or  rod,  of  the  length  of  one  ell  Anno  1570. 
"  and    an    half,   and   of  the  bigness  of  a  standard   shaft.  23 

.,  1111  •!•    Constable's 

"  Which  staff,  or  rod,  he  or  his  deputy  shall  bear  in  his  ^hite  staff. 
"  hand  at  all  such  times  as  he  shall  go  to  the  appeasing  of 
"  such  affrays.     And  that  no  persons  but  constables  only, 
"  or  their  deputies,  do  use  the  like  staves,  upon  pain  of 
"  imprisonment. 

"  Herewithal  charging  all  the  constables,  as  often  as  Raise  the 
*'  need  shall  require,  to  raise  the  inhabitants  of  their  several '"  '^  ' 
"  precincts,  and  to  take  and  apprehend  all  such  as  shall 
"  draw  or  use  any  weapon  to  fight,  or  make  an  affray,  or 
"  otherwise  break  her  highness^  peace.  And  all  such  affray- 
"  makers  and  peacebreakers  to  carry  forthwith  to  one  of 
"  the  counters,  there  to  remain,  until  such  further  order  be 
"  taken  with  him  or  them,  as  may  be  to  the  terror  and 
"  example  of  others. 

"  And  further,  he  did  straitly  command  and  charge,  that  No  cudgel 
*'  no  person  presume  to  bear  or  carry  in  their  hands,  or 
"  otherwise,  within  the  city  of  London,  and  hberties  thereof, 
"  any  manner  of  ragged  or  smooth  cudgel,  commonly  called 
"  a  bastinado,  either  with  a  pike  of  iron  or  without.  And 
"  such  as  now  offended  therein,  to  be  attached  by  the  con- 
"  stables,  or  their  deputies,  and  brought  before  the  lord 
"  mayor  or  the  recorder,  or  before  some  other  justice  of 
"  peace  of  the  same  city ;  there  to  receive  such  punishment 
"  for  the  same  as  shall  be  thought  expedient.  And  to  the 
"  intent  that  the  constables  may  not  excuse  themselves  by 
"  ignorance,  the  lord  mayor  commanded  every  constable  of 
"  the  same  city  to  have  one  of  these  proclamations  fixed 
"  upon  a  wall  within  his  dwelling-house,  in  a  place  meet 
"  and  convenient  for  the  same. 

"  Imprinted  at  London,  by  John  Day." 

If  we  turn  our  eyes  from  the  city  to  the  court :  the  queen  The  queen 
was  now  at  Windsor ;  where,  besides  the  public  and  weighty  jj^j.^|.°j^j.^fj 
affairs  of  the  state,  she  customarily  set  apart  some  hours  in  study. 
every  day  in  her  prfvy  chamber  in  learned  studies ;  as  in 


32        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

CHAP,    reading  Greek,  in  conversing  with  ancient  authors  of  philo- 
sophy and  divinity,  and  in  fair  writing,  and  indicting  let- 


Anno  1570.  ters  and  discourses  in  divers  languages.     Wherein  she  used 
^°^"         the  conduct  of  the  learned  and  ino-enious  Roi^cr  Ascham : 

Ascnan).  °  ... 

which  he  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  greatest  felicities  of  his 
life.  And  reproached  the  young  gentry  of  the  nation,  nay, 
and  many  of  the  elderly  divines,  by  her  example.  And 
with  what  words  he  addressed  himself  to  them  upon  occa- 
sion of  the  queen's  studies,  to  excite  them  to  learning,  is  set 

Annals,         ^  -,        ■, 

vol.  i.  down  elsewhere. 

p.  392.  One  of  this  learned  queen"'s  wise  counsellors  was  sir  Wil- 

cfecifcre     ^^^'^  Cccil,  her  secretary  of  state,  learned  himself,  and  also 
ated  lord      a  chief  patron  of  learning  and  religion  :  whom  this  year  she 
"•"gi^)-    worthily  advanced  to  the  honour  of  a  baron  of  this  king- 
dom, by  the  title  of  baro7i  of  Burghley,  the  name  of  his 
noble  house  in  Northamptonshire ;  and  still  giving  title  to 
his  eldest  son's  issue,  the  earls  of  Exeter :  not  advanced  for 
24  his  wealth,  but  for  his  worth.     But  he  remained  secretary 
for  some  time  after:  though  it  was  thought  then,  (as  the 
earl  of  Leicester  wrote  to  Walsingham,)  that  ere  long  he 
should  have  the  office  of  privy  seal.     If  we  will  take  his 
title  from  his  own  pen,  thus  he  wrote  to  Nicolas  White,  his 
friend  in  Ireland;  "My  style  is  lord  of  Burghley^  if  you 
"  mean  to  know  it  for  your  writing,  and  if  you  list  to 
"  write,  truly  the   poorest  lord  in  England.     Yours,  not 
"  changed  in  friendship  though  in  name,  JVllUam  Burgh- 
"  ley.''''     And  about  this  time  he  wrote  to  Walsingham  in 
France,  March   the   1st,  1570,  subscribing  his  letter,  By 
your  assured,  as  I  was  wont,  Wil.  Cecil ;  and  as  I  am 
now  ordered  to  write,  William  Burghley.     And  in  his  own 
Cecil's        Journal  he  wrote,  "  that  he  was  created  baron  the  25th  of 
"  February,  being  Shrove  Sunday ;  yet  called  lord  Burgh- 
"  ley  some  time  before." 
The  bishop       The  bishop  of  Ross,   the  Scottish  queen's  ambassador, 
com"ratuia-  (^"^  ^"^'  ^'^  pragmatical  and  seditious  spirit  committed  to 
tion  thereof  the  Tower,)  thought  fit,  in  a  letter  to  this  lord,  to  give  him 
this  compliment    upon    his   new   honour :   "  When    I   was 
"  going  to  wreit  your  lordship's  accustomed  style  of  honour 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  33 

"  upon  my  letter,  I  was  warned  of  your  late  honourable    CHAP, 
"promotion.     Wherof  I  am  most  heartily  glad.     For  your. 


vertue,  wisdom,   and  experience  hath   mereit   that,  and  Anno  iS70. 
"  much  more.     And  happy  is  that  commonwealth  whair 
"  the   magistrates  are   so  elected :   et  qmim  aut  sapientes 
"  gubernant,  aut  guhernantes  pMlosopliantur.'''' 

If  this  wise  and  good  man  took  any  delight  in  titles  of  Histroubies 
honour,  it  was  some  recompence  to  him  for  the  severe  trou-**"     »°sers 
bles  and  dangers  he  was  oppressed  with,  for  his  public  and  and  reflec. 
faithful  services.     For  the  last  year  he  had  certainly  sunk  o„, 
under  the  malicious  combinations  of  the  great  men  at  the 
court  against  him,  had  not  the  queen  seasonably  interposed  ; 
knowing  well  the  worth  of  the  man,  and,  on  that  account, 
the  zeal  she  had,  and  must  have,  for  such  a  man,  obliged 
her  on  his  side.     And  this  present  year,  1570,  also,  he  had  ^ 

his  share  of  trouble ;  and  the  court  itself  was  full  of  changes. 
And  how  it  stood  with  him  now,  take  his  own  words,  in  a 
letter  to  his  dear  friend  in  Ireland.  "I  cannot  Avell  re- Letter  to 
"  solve  what  to  write,  such  are  the  varieties  and  changes  of 
"  time,  that  may  alter  my  advertisements  between  my  writ- 
^'  ing  and  your  receipt.  Therefore  I  will  write  of  things 
**  not  subject  to  change  by  me  while  I  live.  I  do  continue, 
"  nor  will  desist,  to  love  heartily  the  honest  virtues  which 
"  I  am  persuaded  are  settled  and  rooted  in  you.  For  which 
"  I  love  you,  and  so  will,  [however  nuitable  he  found  the 
"  love  of  others  to  him,]  except  you  make  the  change.  I 
"  am,  as  you  have  known  me,  (if  not  more,)  tormented 
"  with  the  blasts  of  the  world :  willing  to  live  in  calm 
"  places ;  but  it  pleaseth  God  otherwise  to  exercise  me,  in 
"  sort  as  I  cannot  shun  the  rages  thereof;  though  his  good- 
"  ness  preserveth  me,  as  it  were  with  the  target  of  his  pro- 
"  vidence,  from  the  dangers  that  are  gaping  upon  me.  Vita 
"  hominis  est  viilitia  super  terrain.  I  use  no  armour  of 
"  proof  against  the  dart  and  pellet,  but  confidence  in  God  25 
"  by  a  clear  conscience."  He  vi^as  a  man  that  affected  me- 
ditation and  retirement,  but  could  not  be  spared  from  the 
public.  For  to  repeat  one  expression  more,  dropped  in  the 
same  letter :  "  God  send  me  some  intermission  from  busi- 

VOL.II.  D 


34         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  ness,  to  meditate  privately  upon  his  marvellous  works, 
^-        "  and  to  exercise  my  thankfulness  for  his  mercies  and  bene- 


Annoi57o  "  fits.""     This  was  writ  in  May.     But,  instead  of  a  recess 
Is  made       ^^^^^j   business,  the  queen  laid  more  weighty  employment 

lord  trea-  '  ^  i'ii"^i>i 

surer,  anno  upon  him  not  long  afterwards.     For  upon  the  death  of  the 
'^^^"  lord   marquis   of  Winchester,  lord  treasurer,  in  the  year 

1572,  she  advanced  him  to  that  place.     But  yet  the  draw- 
ing up  of  most  of  the  state  writings,  as  instructions  to  am- 
bassadors, and  declarations,  and  letters,  lay  upon  him  even 
then,  and  long  after. 
SirTho.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  office  of  secretary  of  state  by 

ceeds  secre-  si^  Tlio.  Smith,  knt.  another  very  faithful,  wise,  and  learned 
tary  of        counsellor  of  the  queen's:  but  not  before  June  24,  1571; 

state. 

who  had  late  been  the  queen''s  ambassador  with  the  French 
^  kine;.     He  was  first  called  to  assist  the  said  new  baron  in 

the  office  of  secretary ;  and  was,  in  order  to  that,  admittea 
to  the  council,  March  the  4th,  as  the  earl  of  Leicester ;  but 
the  day  before  wrote  to  Walsingham,  that  the  said  sir  Tho- 
mas should  be  admitted  to  the  council  to-morrow;    and 
shortly  after  to  be  secretaiy. 
And  WaU        Happy  was  the  queen  in  her  secretaries ;  who  were  both 
singham.     f^j^j^f^^j^  j^^jp^  and  diligent.     Such  was  Mr.  Walsingham, 
afterwards  secretary,  viz.  in  January  1573,  being  then  ad- 
His  neces-   mitted  joint-secretary  with  sir  Thomas  Smith.  Which  Wal- 
Fran'ceT '"  sing'bam,  by  serving  her  majesty  faithfully  in  his  embassy, 
to  his  great  cost,  in  housekeeping  and  intelligence,  ran  him- 
self deep  in  debt :  insomuch  that,  in  a  letter  he  wrote  this 
year  from  France  to  the  earl  of  Leicester,  he  shewed  him, 
that  his  charges  grew  to  be  so  great,  through  the  excessive 
Compj.        dearncss  of  the  place,  (the  like  to  which  was  never  known,) 
'  that  necessity  forced  him  at  that  present  to  make  his  moan 

unto  his  lordship,  and  to  desire  his  aid,  that  he  might  not 
be,  as  he  was,  overburdened :  whereby  his  care  how  to  live 
might  not  hinder  the  only  care  he  ought  to  have,  how  to 
serve.  And  that  though  his  service  could  not  deserve  so 
much  as  he  was  allowed,  yet  his  place  and  his  state  re- 
quired, he  said,  consideration  to  be  had  of  the  present  time  ; 
otherwise  he  should  not  be  able  to  do  that  which  should  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  S5 

for  her  majesty'^s  honour  and  service:  adding,  that  always    CHAP, 
change  of  time  brought  change  of  allowance. 


This  year,  February  12,  died  sir  Nicolas  Throgmorton,  Anno  1570. 
knt.  who  had  been  the  queen's  ambassador  iointly  with  sir^\''  Nicolas 

^  .  Ihrogmor- 

Thomas  Smith ;  and  employed  in  other  embassies  and  mat-  ton  dies. 
ters  of  state :  and  a  great  creature  of  the  earl  of  Leicester's. 
He  died  ex  pleurisi  et  peripneumonia,  as  Cecil,  in  a  diary  Cecil's 
of  his,  expressed  it.     The  loss  of  whom  Leicester  signified  '^'^^' 
in  a  letter  two  days  after  (viz.  February  14)  to  Walsing- 
ham,  in  these  words :  "  We  have  lost,  on  Monday,  our  good  His  disease, 
"friend,  sir  Nic.  Throgmorton:  who  died  at  my  house,  of\ji,^  ^^ 
"being  there  taken  suddenly  in  great  extremity  on  the  *''«  p^'j''*^- 
"  Tuesday  before.     His  lungs  were  perished.     But  a  sud-Amb. 
"  den  cold  he  had  taken  was  the  cause  of  his  speedy  death. 
"  God  hath  his  soul :  and  we  his  friends  great  loss  of  his 
"  body."     Some  apprehended  his  sudden  death  came  by 
poison :  but   whether  by    Leicester's    means,   being  in  his  26 
house  when  he  died,  it  is  uncertain.     He  was  a  busy,  in- 
triguing man.     Cecil  also  wrote  the  same  news  of  his  death 
to  the  same  correspondent,  viz.  "  That  he  had  been  sick, 
"  and  past  six  or  seven  days,  of  a  pleurisy,  joined  with  a 
"  disease  called  peripnenmonia ;'"  adding  piously,  "  ?ie  doth 
"  but  lead  the  way  to  us.''''     Walsingham,  in  his  letter  back 
to  Leicester,  taking  notice  of  the  said  sir  Nicolas's  death, 
(whom  he  called  a  dear  friend  to  him,)  gave  this  judgment 
of  him ;  "  That  by  the  lack  of  him,  if  it  were  private  to  his 
"  friends,  the  loss  were  great :  but  if  weighed  generally  in 
"  respect  to  her  majesty  and  the  country,  the  want  of  him 
"  would  appear  greater.     For  be  it  spoken,  said  he,  with- 
"  out  offence  to  any,  for  counsel  in'  peace,  and  for  conduct 
"  in  war,  he  hath  not  left  of  like  sufficiency  his  successor, 
**  that  I  know :  concluding,  that  he  would  no  more  insist 
"  upon  that  matter,  unpleasant  for  his  lordship  to  read,  as 
"  for  him  to  write."     He  was  buried  in  the  church  of  St. 
Katharine,  Creechurch,  London ;  where  he  hath  a  fair  mo- 
nument, with  his  figure  in  stone. 

In  the  month  of  October  the  earl  of  Sussex  was  admitted  sex  taken 
into  the  privy  council :  who  had  merited   well.     He  was  '"*"  *^® 

•I        "^  privy  coua- 

D  2  cil. 


36        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    lord  president  of  the  council  in  the  north;  and   the  last 
I  • 

'        year,  being  the  queen's  lord  lieutenant  in  the  north,  he  had 

Anno  1570. great  success  against  the  rebels  in  the  north:  and  was  ac- 
companied with   a  great  many  English  gentlemen,  volun- 
Mr.  Tho.     teers.     And,  among  the  rest,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Cecill,  secre- 

Cecil,  that  .  ,  ,        *'  ■,  n         ^  ■  ■  ^  • 

served  un-  t^ry  CeciU  s  eldest  son :  who,  for  his  signal  service,  and 
the  rebel"  ^^^^^^  promise,  expected  some  reward  with  others.  And 
lion,  re-  having  been  particularly  recommended  unto  the  queen  by 
by  hTiu^to  ^^  ^^^^  eQx\,  he  wrotc  this  handsome  letter  in  acknowledg- 
the  queen,  ment  to  him ;  expressive  also  of  his  modesty  and  virtue, 
agreeable  to  the  spirit  of  his  worthy  father. 


Cecil's  let 
ter  to  him 


"  That  it  might  please  his  good  lordship : 
thereupon.  "  Understanding  that  such  as  served  under  his  lordship 
iitus,  B.  2.  a  jj^  ^i^g  jg^^g  rebelhon  of  the  north  did  generally  look  at 
"  this  time,  by  his  recommendation,  for  some  recompence 
"  of  their  service ;  among  whom,  accounting  himself  one, 
"  and  his  suit  already  being  most  favourably  recommended 
"  unto  the  queen's  majesty  by  his  lordship's  special  favour 
"  unto  him,  more  than  any  desert  of  his  part ;  he  was  the 
"  bolder  to  remember  himself  unto  his  lordship  by  these 
"  his  letters:  not  as  one,  in  respect  of  his  particular  gain, 
"  meaning  to  be  importunate  with  him;  but  as  he,  who 
"  neither  meant  to  attempt  other  men's  credits  in  this  be- 
"  half,  neither  to  be  bound  or  thankful  unto  any,  but  unto 
"  his  lordship  only.  And  should  think  himself  happy,  if 
"  at  any  time  it  might  be  in  him,  by  any  service,  to  ac- 
"  knowledge  that  duty  and  good-will  which  he  remained  in- 
"  debted  unto  his  lordship.  In  the  mean  time  he  remained 
"  as  his  most  bounden  ;  and  wishing  his  lordship  his  heart's 
"  desire."  It  was  dated  from  Burghleigh,  the  26th  of  De- 
cember, 1570;  subscribing, 

"  Your  lordship's  at  commaunment, 

"  Tho.  Cecill." 

Sir  Francis       November  the  18th,  sir  Francis  Englefield  wrote  a  pre- 

Englefield's  ,  i  i      /»  t     •  •  i  i 

presumptu-  sumptuous  letter  to  the  earl,  or  Leicester,  against  the  queen  s 
?"//,?"*'"■    majesty's  authority.     It  is  only  so  briefly  set  down  by  Ce- 

diary. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  37 

cill  in  his  diary:  grounding  it,  as  it  seems,  upon  the  pope's   CHAP, 
late  excommunication  of  her,  and  discharging  her  subjects  _______ 


from  their  allegiance,  and  giving  her  kingdoms  to  the  king  Anno  1570. 
of  Spain.  He  was  a  great  popish  zealot ;  and  had  been  a  ^7 
privy  counsellor  to  the  late  queen  Mary,  and  master  of  her 
wards  and  liveries :  but  now  living  abroad  upon  pretence 
of  his  religion,  and  a  pensioner  to  the  king  of  Spain,  held  a 
correspondence  with  the  queen''s  enemies.  Though  the  queen 
deserved  better  at  his  hands,  as  hath  been  related  at  large 
elsewhere.  For  she  allowed  him  the  revenues  of  his  estate  Annals  of 
here  in  England;  and  retained  only  a  small  part  of  it  for d,  sg'^voi  i 
the  necessary  maintenance  of  his  wife ;  who  was  an  heiress, 
and  brought  a  considerable  fortune  to  him.  And  whereas 
he  pretended  his  conscience  for  refusing,  at  the  queen's  com- 
mand, to  return  to  his  own  country,  because  he  might  not 
enjoy  his  religion  here ;  she  ordered  her  ambassador,  then 
in  Spain,  to  inform  that  king,  (who  had  by  his  ambassador 
interceded  for  him,)  that  none  of  her  subjects  were  dis- 
turbed for  their  religion,  if  they  were  quiet  in  the  state; 
nor  should  sir  Francis.  But  his  seditious  spirit  and  animo- 
sity against  the  queen  and  her  authority  still  remained,  as 
appears  by  writing  after  this  manner  to  one  of  her  chief 
statesmen. 

Grindal  being  the  beginning  of  this  year  translated  from  Sandys,  bi- 
the  see  of  London  to  that  of  York,  Sandys,  bishop  of  Wor- '^^^^P  "^^  ^^'^- 
cester,  was  concluded  upon  by  the  queen  to  be  the  fittest  pointed  for 
person  to  be  removed  into  that  room  ;  a  man  dear  to  the  London. 
citizens,  and  earnestly  desired  by  them  to  be  tlieir  pastor. 
Secretary  Cecil,  who  was  the  great  instrument  of  this  in- 
tended remove,  despatched  a  message  to  him,  to  acquaint 
him  with  the  queen's  resolution :  and  therefore  prayed  him 
to  hasten  to  London  for  that  end.     But  the  good  bishop, 
conscious  to  himself  of  his  own  inability   for   so  great  a 
charge,  and  not  caring,  perhaps,  to  be  placed  so  much  in 
view  of  the  court  and  the  whole  realm,  pleading  withal  his 
want  of  health,  and  bodily  infirmity,  laboured  to  decline  it 
as  much  as  he  could.     And  thereupon  sent  up  his  chancel- 
lor to  lay  before  the  secretary  his  unwillingness  on  those 

d3 


38         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  accounts  to  remove  from  that  see,  where  he  hoped  he  did 
^'  God  service.  But  the  chancellor  did  his  message  after  that 
Anno  1570.  manner,  as  though  the  bisliop  were  not  in  earnest,  and  as 
though  it  were  but  a  faint  excuse,  and  that  he  required 
only  some  further  solicitation  to  accept  it.  Which  caused 
a  gentle  reprimand  of  him  from  Cecil ;  she^ving  him,  how 
the  queen  was  not  disposed  to  think  of  any  one  else  for  that 
place ;  and  likewise,  that  the  citizens  began  to  be  much  dis- 
pleased with  him  for  his  denial.  This  troubled  him ;  and 
concluding  this  a  call  from  God  to  this  bishopric,  he  sent 
up  a  pious  and  modest  letter  to  the  secretary,  importing 
his  no  longer  standing  out;  and  that  upon  the  queen's  and 
council's  summons  he  would  obey  and  come  up.  Which 
letter,  deserving  to  be  inserted,  as  affording  some  character 
of  this  godly  prelate,  was  as  followeth  :   viz. 

"  Sir, 

His  excuse:      "  I  shall  humbly  pray  you  not  to  be  offended,  that  thus 

ance'of'the  "  often  with  my  letters  I  molest  your  honour.     My  former 

preferment.  «  ^j^j  whole  suit  was  simple,  my  meaning  plain ;  saying  of 

Cecil.         "  myself  as   I   thought  of  myself:  [i.  e.   declining  to  be 

28"  translated,  because  of  his  mean  opinion  of  himself  and 

"  his  abilities.]    If  my  chancellor  hath  otherwise  insinuated, 

*'  he  did  it  without  commission  or  knowledge  of  me.     The 

"  wants  in  mind,  and  the  infirmities  in  body,  were  the  chief 

MSS.  Ceci-  u  causes  of  my  refusal.     Yet  hearing  by  my  chancellor  that 

"  you  were  offended  with  me,  and  understanding  that  the 

"  queen's  majesty  misliked  to  alter  her  highness'  determina- 

"  tion ;  and  being  sundry  ways  advertised  of  the  clamour 

"  of  London  against  me  for  my  refusal,  and  how  that  with 

"  universal  joyfulncss  the  people  desired  me ;  this  touched 

"  my  conscience  very  near,  and  made  me  write  to  your  ho- 

"  nour  in  such  sort  as  I  did. 

"  Sir,  your  answer  unto  my  man  was  such  as  hath  won- 
"  derfully  troubled  me.  I  looked  for  comfort  and  good 
"  advice,  but  I  fear  to  reap  grief  and  displeasure.  I  have 
"given  no  just  cause  of  offence:  my  conscience  standeth 
"  clear.     I  have  ever  honoured  and  loved  you,  before  all 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  39 

"  other  men.     I  have  been  and  will  be  very  ready  at  your    CHAP. 
"  commaunment  in  what  I  can.     Wherein  I  cannot  other- 


"  wise  pleasure  you,  I  daily  in  my  prayers  commend  you  Anno  1570. 

"  unto  Him,  who  can  in  all  things  benefit  you.     This  to  be^ 

"  simple  and  true,  I  call  the  true  God  to  record.     My  de- 

"  serving  being  not  to  the  contrary,  I  hope  to  find  your 

"  old  wonted  favour.     You  Avill  not  in  honour  and  good 

"  nature  cast  away  your  poor  friend  without  all  cause.     If 

"  you  glome  upon  me,  I  shall  serve  Christ's  church  with 

"  less  comforth,  and  to  less  profit.     The  world  understand- 

"  eth  that  you  are  my  good  friend,  and  that  I  may  do 

"  somewhat  with  you.     If  the  papists  may  learn  misliking, 

*'  they  will  easily  over-crow  me ;  and  it  will  much  weaken 

"  my  work  in  God's  church.     I  have,  as  it  were,  already 

"  lost  the  earl  of  Leicester,  because  I  wrote  privately  to 

"  you,  and  not  to  him.     He  told  my  chancellor,  that  there- 

"  with  he  Avas  much  offended.     If  you  shall  mislike  of  me 

"  also,  evil  is  my  hap. 

*'  Sir,  if  the  queen's  majesty  and  the  privy  council  be  not 
"  otherwise  resolved,  if  you  bid  me  come  up,  I  will,  and 
"  take  that  office  upon  me,  whatsoever  become  of  me;  and 
"  stand  to  your  favour  and  courtesy.  For  in  that  matter 
"  you  shall  wholly  dispose  of  me.  The  full  consent  and 
"  calling  of  the  people  of  London  doth  not  a  little  touch 
"  me.  If  a  meeter  be  already  chosen,  I  shall  be  most  glad 
"  of  it :  so  that  I  may  hve  here,  and  wheresoever,  with 
"  your  favour  and  wonted  friendship.  Which  I  humbly 
"  crave  at  your  hands ;  more  esteeming  the  same,  than  the 
"  best  bishopric  in  the  realm.  Good  master  secretary,  stand 
"  my  good  friend.  Commaund  me,  and  I  will  obey.  Bid 
"  me,  and  I  will  do.  Your  advice  will  I  follow  fully.  The 
"  calling  of  the  prince  and  of  the  privy  council,  the  calling 
"  and  consent  of  the  whole  people,  and  my  private  friends 
"  earnestly  requiring  the  same,  hath  narrowly  touched  my 
"  conscience;  and  moveth  me  to  think  that  this  calHng  is 
"  of  God.  I  pray  you  write  me  three  lines,  that  I  may  cer- 
"  tainly  know  what  to  do,  and  whether  I  be  fully  dis- 
"  charged,  or  no.    Thus  commending  me  wholly  unto  your 

D  4 


40        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  friendship,  I  commend  you  to  the  grace  of  God.  In  haste, 
^-        "  at  Hartilbury,  this  26th  of  April,  1570. 


Anno  1570.  "  Your  lionoiir's  in  Christ,  Ed.  Wigorn." 

29  Thus  the  good  bishop,  partly  to  recover  himself  from  the 
displeasure  taken  at  him,  and  especially  being  now  touched 
in  conscience,  that  this  universal  appointment  of  him  to 
the  charge  of  London  was  a  calling  from  God,  was  fain, 
with  much  submission,  to  comply,  and  revoke  his  former 
refusal. 
Holds  his         jje  visited  his  diocese  this  first  year  of  his  translation. 

primary  vi-  i-i/-iii        iiii-  ••        •  •       t         i 

sitation.  And  January  the  10th  he  held  his  visitation  in  L.ondon. 
Earl's  Some  Articles  and  Injunctions  of  the  bishop  then  given  the 
^°"jy'j^^"p  clergy,  I  learn  from  a  journal  of  one  of  these  London  mini- 
Joii.  ijuper  sters.  "  We  are  straitly  charged,  I.  To  keep  strictly  the 
Ei'ien.  Ar-  "  Book  of  Common  Prayer.  II.  No  man  to  preach  without 
tides  for  "  a  licence.  III.  To  observe  the  appointed  apparel:  that 
"  is,  to  wear  the  square  cap,  the  scholar's  gown,  &c.  And 
"  in  all  divine  service  to  wear  the  surplice.  IV.  None  to  re- 
"  ceive  strangers ;  that  is,  any  of  other  parishes,  to  their 
"  communion.  V.  All  clerks'  tolerations  to  be  called  in." 
This  will  be  better  understood,  when  we  are  informed,  that 
there  had  been  divers  ministers,  who  had  private  meetings 
in  houses :  where  they  preached,  baptized,  administered  the 
communion  after  a  new  way,  different  from  the  public  li- 
turgy, and  also  condemned  it,  and  the  established  govern- 
ment of  the  church.  For  which,  some  of  them  were  impri- 
soned. But  such  was  the  clemency  of  the  government, 
that  the  former  bishop,  by  permission  and  order  of  the 
privy  council,  granted  them,  after  about  a  year's  restraint, 
their  liberty;  and  upon  promise  of  their  peaceable  beha- 
viour, and  a  certain  subscription,  allowed  them  some  tolera- 
tion. But  they  misbehaved  themselves ;  among  whom  the 
chief  were  Crane  and  Bonham.  Which  was  the  cause  of 
this  article  of  calling  in  all  tolerations.  "  VI.  That  pa^ 
"  rish  clerks  intrude  not  into  the  priests'  duty,  as  before 
"  they  had  sometimes  done."  That  is,  they  had  taken 
upon  them,  on  some  occasions,  to  say  common  prayer,  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  41 

use  some  of  the  offices.    This  was  presumption  not  to  be   CHAP, 
suffered ;  and  thought  fit  therefore  to  be  taken  notice  of 


by  the  bishop  in  his  visitation,  and  to  be  made  one  of  his  Anno  1570. 
articles  to  the  clergy,  no  longer  to  suffer  it. 

The  Italian  church  in  London,  which  first  began  in  the  The  Italian 
time  of  king  Edward  VI.  was  continued  under  queen  Eli-^^'^j'^j'^j'" 
zabeth,  and  had  the  favour  of  the  state,  for  the  liberty  of 
religious  worship  for  such  Italians  as  embraced  the  re- 
formed religion.  Whereof  there  were  many  residing  in 
that  city,  both  merchants  and  others,  that  had  fled  thither 
from  some  parts  of  Italy,  where  the  gospel  had  been 
preached,  but  now  persecuted.  Which  church  was  thought 
profitable  also  for  the  use  of  such  English  gentlemen  as 
had  travelled  abroad  in  Italy.  That  by  their  resorting  thi- 
ther, they  might  both  serve  God,  and  keep  their  knowledge 
of  the  Italian  language :  which  by  disuse  they  might  other- 
wise have  soon  forgotten.  But  it  was  an  observation  now 
made,  of  the  evil  consequence  of  young  men's  travelling 
from  hence  into  those  parts,  viz.  that  they  lost  all  the  good 
and  sober  principles  they  carried  out  of  England  with 
them,  and  became  negligent  of  religion,  and  little  better 
than  atheists.  Which  caused  Mr.  Ascham  about  this  time 
to  say,  "  These  men  thus  Italianated  abroad,  cannot  abide 
"  our  godly  Italian  church  at  home.  They  be  not  of  that 
*'  parish,  (they  say,)  they  be  not  of  that  fellowship.  They 
"  like  not  the  preacher :  they  hear  not  his  sermons ;  except  30 
"  sometime  for  company,  they  come  thither  to  hear  the 
"  Italian  tongue  naturally  spoken ;  not  to  hear  God's  doc- 
*'  trine  truly  preached." 

This  year  John  Fox  set  forth  the  second  time  his  labo-  The  second 
rious  book  of  confessors  and  martyrs.  Which  bore  this  title;  f^x'^Ac^ 
The  Ecclesiastical  History,  containing  the  Acts  and  Monu-  ^^nd  Monu- 
ments  of  things  passed  in  every  Wing's  time  in  this  realm  ; 
especially  in  the  church  of  England,  principally  to  be  noted. 
With  a  Jidl  discourse  of  such  persecutions,  horrible  troubles, 
and   sufferings    of  martyrs;  and   other   things    incident, 
touching  as  well  the  said  church  of  England,  as  also  Scot- 


42        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    land,  and  all  other  foreign  nations,  Jrom  the  primUive 

times,  till  the  reign  of  Mng  Heniy  VIII.    Nexdy  recog- 

Anno  i570. niscd  and  enlarged  hy  the  author  John  Fox.    This  was  the 

first  volume. 
The  prole-        The  prolegomena  before  the  work   consisted  of  divers 
fo°re"the    ^  tracts,  viz.  these  that  follow.     The  first  is,  "  To  the  true 
work.  <(  ^^^  faithful  congregation  of  Christ's  universal  church, 

"  with  all  and  singular  the  members  thereof,  wheresoever 
"  congregated  or  dispersed  through  the  realm  of  England, 
"  a  protestation  or  petition  of  the  author,  wishing  to  the 
"  same  abundance  of  all  peace  and  tranquillity,  with  speedy 
"  coming  of  Christ  the  spouse,  to  make  an  end  of  all  mor- 
"  tal  misery."    The  running  title  is,  A  protestation  to  the 
whole  church  of  England.     The  second  is  the  epistle  dedi- 
catory, entitled,  "  To  the  right  virtuous,  most  excellent, 
"  and  noble  princess,  queen  Elizabeth,  our  dread  lady,  by 
"  the  grace  of  God,  queen  of  England  and  Ireland,  de- 
"  fender  of  Christ's  faith  and  gospel,   and  principal  go- 
"  vernor  both  of  the  realm,  as  also  over  the  said  church 
"  of  England  and  Ireland,  under  Christ  the  supreme  head 
"  of  the  same,  John  Fox,  her   humble   subject,  wisheth 
"  daily  increase  of  God's  holy  Spirit  and  grace,  with  long 
"  reign,  perfect  health,  and  joyful   peace,  to   govern   his 
"  flock  committed  to  her  charge ;  to  the  example  of  all  good 
"  princes,  the  comfort  of  his  church,  and  glory  of  his  blessed 
"  name.*" 
T»ie  book         In  which  epistle,  near  the  beginning,  are  these  words, 
a-^nsT^*^    expressing  what  high  displeasure   the  papalins  conceived 
against  him,  only  for  exposing,  by  way  of  historical  rela- 
tion, the  barbarous  usages  expressed  by  them  towards  such 
as  professed  the  gospel.    "  That  when  he  first  presented 
"  those  Acts  and  Monuments  unto  her  majesty,  &c.  which 
"  her  rare  clemency  received  in  such  gentle  part,  he  well 
"  hoped  that  those  his  travels  in  that  kind  of  writing  had 
"  been  well  at  an  end :  whereby  he  might  have  returned  to 
"  his  studies  again,  to  other  purposes,  after  his  own  desire 
"  more  fit,  than  to  write  histories,  especially  in  the  English 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  43 

tongue.    But  that  certain  evil  disposed  persons,  of  intern-   CHAP. 
perate  tongues,  adversaries  to  good  proceedings,  would       ^^^• 


"  not  suffer  him  to  rest;  fuming  and  fretting,  and  raising  Anno  1570. 

"  up  such  miserable  exclamations  against  the  first  appear- 

"  ance  of  the  book,  as  was  wonderful  to  hear.    A  man  (as 

"  he  expressed  himself)  would  have  thought  Christ  to  have 

"  been  new  born  again,  and  that  Herod  and  all  the  city  of 

"  Jerusalem  had  been  in  an  uproar ;  such  blustering  and 

"  stirring  was  there  against  that  poor  book,  through  all 

"  quarters  of  England,  to  the  gates  of  Lovain.     So  that  no  To  the 

"  English  papist  almost  in  all  the  realm  thought  himself  [^^^^'^^"^ 

"  a  perfect  catholic,  unless  he  had  cast  out  some  word  or 

"  other,  to  give  that  book  a  blow They  clamoured  3 1 

"  against  it,  to  be  full  of  lies,  &c.    As  though  there  were  no^^^  ^*"" 
histories  else  m  all  the  world  corrupt,  but  only  this  story  ders  cast 
"  of  Acts  and  Monuments.    That  with  tragical  voices  they  "P°"  '*' 
"  exclaimed  and  wondered  upon  it :  sparing  no  cost  (said 
"  he)  of  hyperbolical  phrases,  to  make  it  appear  as  full  of 

"  lies  as  lines And  this  only  for  three  or  four  escapes 

"  in  that  book  committed.    And  yet  some  of  them  were  in 

"  the  same  book  amended :  they  neither  reading  the  whole, 

"  nor  rightly  understanding  that  they  read,  inveighed  and 

"  maligned  so  perversely  the  setting  out  thereof,  as  though 

"  neither  any  word   in  all  that   story  were  true,  nor  any 

"  other  story  false  in  all  the  world."    But  then  concerning 

such  matters  related  by  him  that  were  errors  indeed,  he 

added,  (for  the  satisfaction  of  all  sober,  unprejudiced  readers, 

if  not  for  the  silencing  of  those  calumniators,)  "That  ne- His  pains 

"  vertheless,  in  accusing  these  his  accusers,  he  did  not  so  *^ou"/' ; Jf " 

"  excuse  himself,  nor  defend  his  book,  as  though  nothing  ""eviewing 

"  in  it  were  to  be  spunged  or  amended,  therefore  he  had  aglin!" 

*'  taken  pains  to  reiterate  his  labours,  in  travelling  out  the 

"  story  again :  doing  herein  as  Penelope  did  with  her  web, 

"  untwisting  that  she  had  done  before :  or  as  builders  do 

"  sometimes;  take  down  again   their  buildings,  either  to 

"  transpose  the  fashion,  or  to  make  the  foundation  larger : 

"  so  he  in  recognising  this  history  had  employed  a  little 


44         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  more  labour,  partly  to  enlarge  the  argument  he  took  in 
"  hand,  partly  also  to  assay,  whether  by  any  pains-taking 


Anno  1570.44  Jjq  might  pacify  the  stomachs  or  satisfy  the  judgments  of 

"  these  importune  quarrellers."" 
Other  pre-       A  third  prefatory  tract  to  this  book  is  addressed  to  the 
in  this '^^'^  *true  Christian  reader,  on  this  subject,  What  utility  is  to  he 
^^°^  taken  by  reading  of  these  histories.  A  fourth  is  written.  To 

all  the  professed  friends  and  followers  of  the  pope's  pro- 
ceedings;  four  questions  propounded  to  them.  Then  fol- 
low the  names  of  the  authors  alleged  in  this  book :  and  of 
the  martyrs  that  suffered.  Then  are  set  down  correctioiis 
of  sundry  faults,  defects,  and  oversights  in  both  volumes  of 
this  history :  and  next,  certain  cautions  of  the  ^author  to 
the  reader,  of  things  to  be  considered  in  reading  this  story. 
What  these  cautions  are,  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  Appen- 
Nunib.Vl.  dix,  to  inform  him  in.  Where  we  may  observe  the  dispo- 
sitions of  many  to  find  fault  with  Mr.  Fox's  pains,  by  the 
frivolous  exceptions  that  were  taken  at  several  things,  and 
at  very  minute  mistakes  or  omissions. 
Lambard  This  year  did  William  Lambard  of  Lincoln's  Inn  send 

pTrambu-    "^  Writing  the  antiquities  of   Kent   to  Tho.  Wotton,  esq. 
lation  of      a  worthy  and   learned  gentleman  of  the  same  county :  a 
Wotton.      book  abounding  with  variety  of  ancient  and  curious  histo- 
rical collections  of  places  and  matters  of  that  county ;  en- 
titled, A  perambidation  of  Kent,  containing  the  description, 
history,  and  customs  of  that  shire.    Which  Mr.  Wotton 
five  or  six  years  after  published,  with  his  own  recommen- 
datory epistle  before  it,  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  county. 
His  study    Mr.  Lambard's  genius  led  him  to  gather,  out  of  all  ancient 
quJ'^es^oT'as  Well  as  modern  histories  of  this  island,  sundry  notes  of 
this  island,  g^^h  quality,  as  might  serve  for  the  description  and  story 
of  the  inost  famous  places  throughout  this  whole  realm; 
which  he  called,  A  topographical  dictionary,  because  it  was 
digested  into  titles  by  order  of  alphabet,  and  concerned  the 
32  description  of  places.    Out  of  which  he  meant  in  time  (if 
God  granted  him  life,  ability,  and  leisure)  to  draw,  as  from 
a  certain  storehouse,  fit  matter  for  each  particular  shire 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  45 

and  county.    And  resolved  first  to  begin  with  Kent;  as  he    CHAP, 
wrote  in  his  epistle  to  Mr.  Wotton,  when  he  sent  him  the        '^' 


said  MS.  a«»«  i"0- 

This  year  Dr.  Thomas  Wylson,  a  learned  civilian,  master  Demosthe- 
of  St.  Katharine's,  near  the  Tower  of  London,  set  forth  cer- "j^J^^^^'J^" 
tain  orations  of  Demosthenes,  the  famous  orator  of  Athens,  forth  in 

...  -n       T   1      1     •  c  English, 

translated  by  him  mto  elegant  English,  being  a  man  ot  po- 
lite learning  in  Latin  and  Greek ;  which  I  took  some  no- 
tice of  in  the  former  volume.  He  set  about  this  translation 
with  the  greatest  care  and  exactness,  that  it  might  be 
looked  upon  in  that  age  as  a  perfect  piece  of  eloquent 
English  language;  and  that  it  might  answer  the  tongue 
and  oratory  of  the  first  and  chiefest  orator  of  Athens ;  as 
he  writes  in  his  preface.  And  in  this  his  translation  he 
made  use  of  the  Latin  translation  made  by  that  singular 
learned  man  sir  John  Cheeke,  sometime  the  king's  Greek  A  note  of 
professor  in  Cambridge ;  who  had  read  some  of  these  ora- 
tions formerly  to  this  Wylson  and  other  English  scholars 
in  Padua ;  whither  they  were  retired  for  their  safety  in  the 
persecuting  times  of  queen  Mary.  The  interpretation  where- 
of Wylson  had  from  his  own  mouth,  who  kindly  took 
care  over  all  the  Englishmen  there.  And  the  very  argu- 
ment of  those  causes  that  orator  handled,  so  agreeing  to 
those  times  of  queen  Elizabeth,  made  him  the  rather  to  en- 
ter upon  this  work  of  translating  into  our  own  tongue ;  for 
the  people  of  this  nation  to  read  these  orations  against  king 
Philip  of  Macedon :  that  king  Philip,  and  Philip  king  of  The  two 
Spain,  equally  ambitious  to  overrun  other  countries  more  ,j'"g^ 
than  their  own.  And  that  England  might  stand  upon  her 
guard  against  one  Philip,  as  Athens  was  counselled  to  do 
against  another. 

Thus  we  have  that  orator  addressing  himself  to  his  Athe- 
nian auditors  with  respect  to  king  Philip :  "  Counselling 
"  them  to  take  heed  of  him,  as  a  justly  suspected  enemy ; 
"  and  no  ways  to  trust  his  forged  peace :  under  shadow 
"  whereof  he  doth,  saith  he,  all  the  mischief  he  can.  And 
"  therefore  willed  them  to  look  well  to  their  business, 
"  and  to  trust  to  themselves,  making  ready  against  all  as- 


46        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  says;  because  that  Philip  did  nothing  else  but  lie  in  wait 
^'        "  for  them,  and  all  Greece  besides,  to  conquer  them,  and 


Anno  1570. "  to  become  a  tyrant  over  them,  &c.  making  it  plain,  that 
"  king  Philip  did  hate  them  deadly  ;  and  warning  them  for 
"  that  cause  not  to  trust  his  fair  promises :  for  that  he  had 
"  most  cruelly  abused  other  cities  and  countries  with  like 
"  craft  and  subtilty.  The  orator  then  inveighed  against 
"  those  traitors  that  were  king  Philip's  hirelings :  and 
"  shewed,  that  their  promises  and  king  Philip''s  doings 
"  agreed  not  together,  and  declared  him  to  be  their  mortal 
"  enemy.  And  therefore  advised  them  to  take  up  arms,^nd 
"  proclaim  open  war,  for  the  better  safeguard  and  defence 
"  of  their  whole  estate  and  country."  It  is  easy  to  see  how 
parallel  the  case  of  England  now  was  with  that  of  Athens 
then,  in  divers  particulars :  which  the  publisher  of  these 
orations,  no  doubt,  had  his  eye  upon. 

It  partly  also  gave  him  occasion,  (as  he  tells  us,)  to  set 
about  this  work,  whilst  once,  being  solitary  among  his 
books,  he  recollected  his  former  felicity  under  the  teaching 
and  instruction  of  that  foresaid  learned  man,  while  they 
33  conversed  at  that  university  in  Italy.  Of  whom  he  could 
not  refrain  to  speak  with  much  honour  and  respect.  And  of 
him,  and  such  other  incomparable  men  for  piety,  learning, 
and  usefulness  in  that  age,  I  take  all  opportunities  to  re- 
trieve the  precious  memory.  Take  then  Dr.  Wylson's  words 
Coramen-  of  him ;  "  That  he  deeply  thought,  and  often,  of  that 
si^rjIiUn  "  learned  man  and  singular  ornament  of  this  land.  And  as 
Cheek.  a  ^]^p  remembrance  of  him  was  dear  unto  him,  for  his  ma- 
"  nifold  great  gifts  and  wonderful  virtues,  so  he  thought  of 
"  his  most  gentle  nature  and  godly  disposed  mind,  to  help 
"  all  those  with  his  knowledge  and  understanding,  that  any 
*'  way  made  means  unto  him,  and  sought  his  favour.  And 
"  to  say  for  myself,  as  he  proceeded,  among  others,  I  found 
"  him  such  a  friend  to  me,  in  communicating  his  skill,  and 
"  the  gifts  of  his  mind,  as  I  cannot,  but  during  my  life, 
"  speak  reverendly  of  so  worthy  a  man,  and  honour  in  my 
"  heart  the  heavenly  remembrance  of  him." 

He  mentioned  a  saying  of  this  Cheek  concerning  De- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  47 

mosthenes;  viz.  "  That  none  ever  was  more  fit  to  make  an    CHAP. 
"  Englishman  tell  his  tale  praiseworthily  in  any  open  hear- 


"  ing,  either  in  parliament,  pulpit,  or  otherwise,  than  this  Anno  1570. 
"  orator  alone  was."  His  saying 

or  Demos- 

But  his  main  motive  for  his  translating  and  printing  these  thenes. 
orations  may  be  worth  our  hearing  more  at  large ;  namely, 
"  That  he  could  not  suffer  so  noble  an  orator,  and  so  ne- The  benefit 
"  cessary  a  writer  for  all  those  that  loved  their  country's  De'uosthe- 
"  liberty  and  welfare,  to  lie  hid  and  unknown,  especially  in  "^^• 
"  such  a  dangerous  world  as  this  was."  Other  reasons  mov- 
ing him  lie  in  these  words  of  his :  "  He  that  loveth  his 
"  country,  and  desireth  to  procure  the  welfare  of  it,  let  him 
"  read  Demosthenes,  and  he  shall  not  want  matter  to  do 
"  himself  good.  For  he  that  seeketh  common  quietness,  De- 
"  mosthenes  can  teach  him  his  lesson.  He  that  would  gladly 
"  prevent  evil  to  come,  Demosthenes  is  for  his  purpose.  He 
"  that  desireth  to  serve  his  country  abroad,  let  him  read 
"  Demosthenes  day  and  night :  for  this  is  he  that  is  able  to 
"  make  him  fit  to  do  any  service  for  his  country's  welfare. 
"  For  never  did  glass  so  truly  represent  a  man's  face,  as 
"  Demosthenes  doth  shew  the  world  to  us.  And  as  it  was 
"  then,  so  it  is  now ;  and  will  be  so  still,  till  the  consumma- 
"  tion  and  end  of  all  things.  The  Devil  never  ceaseth  from 
"  the  beginning  of  the  world  to  make  division,  and  contrive 
"  to  stir  civil  wars ;  to  embolden  the  commons  against  their 
"  superiors ;  to  put  evil  thoughts  into  counsellors'  head  ; 
"  to  make  people  ambitious  and  covetous,  and  corrupt  the 
"  hearts  even  of  the  messengers  and  preachers  of  God's 
"  word :  continuing  his  practice  still  in  all  places,  with  all 
"  men.  And  therefore,  seeing  Demosthenes  is  so  good  a 
"  schoolmaster  for  men,  to  decipher  the  Devil  and  his  mini- 
"  sters,  for  the  advancement  of  uprightness  in  all  things,  I 
"  would  wish  that  all  men  would  become  his  scholars." 

To  the  title  of  this  book.  The  Orations  of  Demosthenes^ 

chief  orator   among  the  Grecians^  &c.  was  added.  Most 

needful  to  he  redde  in  these  daungerous  dayes,  of  al  them 

that  love  their  countryes  libertie,  atid  desire  to  take  roarning 

for  their  better  avayle^  by  example  of  others.    He  dedicated 


48        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    this  his  translation  in  a  large  epistle  to  sir  William  Cecil, 
knight,  to  whom  he  had  sent  the  copy  for  his  judgment  be- 


Anno  1570. fore  he  would  publish  it;  and  a  private  letter  in  Latin  ac- 
34  companying  it :   which  I  have  transcribed  from  his  own  pen, 
[Number     and  put  into  the  Appendix  ;  as  a  remembrance  of  one  who 
■-'  was,  besides  his  great  learning,  sometime  the  queen''s  am- 

bassador, and  afterwards  one  of  her  principal  secretaries. 


CHAP.   IV. 

Motions  and  letters  concerning  the  queenus  marrying  xcith 
duke  d'Anjou.  The  matter  of  religion  the  great  article. 
The  queen  will  not  allow  him  the  exercise  of  the  mass. 
Ambassadors  from  France  move  for  that  article.  The 
queen'' s  i-esolution.  The  treaty  put  off.  Renewed  again: 
but  to  no  purpose.  Fears  and  apprehensions  hereupon. 
Amity  however  endeavoured  with  France.  Motion  of  the 
match  revived.  Discourse  about  it  between  the  French 
ambassador  and  the  queen.  She  hath  no  inclination  that 
way.  Practice  of  Spain.  Sir  Thomas  Smith  sent  into 
France  for  cultivating  amity.  Promotes  the  inarriage  be- 
tween the  prince  ofNavar  and  the  French  king^s  sister. 

Anno  1571.  J.  HE  queen"'s  matching  with  Henry  duke  d'Anjou,  th 


e 


Motion  of 


French  king's  brother,  as  it  was  moved  the  last  year,  so  it 

marriage  .  . 

between  was  earnestly  pursued  this.  A  matter  that  had  its  conve- 
and  duke"  "iencics,  it  being  the  best  means  of  securing  queen  Eliza- 
d'Anjou.  beth  against  the  Scotch  queen's  pretences ;  and  its  dangers 
to  the  state  of  religion  established.  I  shall  therefore  collect 
what  I  find  in  letters  of  ambassadors,  and  papers  of  state, 
concerning  this  important  affair ;  avoiding  \^hat  our  histo- 
rians have  already  written  of  it.  The  embassy  of  Mr.  Wal- 
singham  was  chiefly  for  this  end.  And  the  great  aim  was, 
to  bring  about  the  changing  of  duke  d'Anjou's  religion. 
And  then  it  was  in  all  fair  probability  to  take  effect.  As 
for  monsieur,  he  declared  a  mighty  affection  for  the  queen 
to  Walsingham  :  and  that  though  he  was  but  young,  yet 
that  any  time  these  five  years  there  had  been  overtures  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  49 

marriage  made  to  him;  and  that  he  found  in  himself  no   CHAP, 
inclination  unto  this  present  time  to  yield  to  any.    But  that 


he  must  confess,  that   through   the  great    commendations  Anno  1571. 
that  was  made  of  the  queen  his  mistress,  for  her  rare  gifts  i„"e""o\i,e 
as  well  of  mind  as  of  body ;  being,  as    even  her  enemies  queen. 
said,  the  rarest  creature  that  had  been  in  Europe  these  five 
hundred  years ;  his  affections,  grounded  upon  so  good  re- 
spects, had  now  made  him  yield  to  be  wholly  hers.    This 
was  the  noble  lover"'s  protestation  to  the  English  ambas- 
sador. 

And  of  the  amendment  of  his  religion,  the  said  ambassa- 
dor had  hope.   Which  when  Cecil  the  secretary  (now  newly  March  25. 
created  lord  of  Burghley)  understood  by  the  lord  Buck- 
hurst,  late  ambassador  also  in  France,  he  thus  expressed  ^ 
himself  in   a   letter  to  Walsingham,  "  That  if  monsieur  35 
"  were  not  rooted  in  opinion  of  evil  religion,  as  by  reason  ^'^•"  ^^'^^^' 

.^  .  O        '  ./  tary's  letter 

"  of  his  young  years  it  was  likely  such  a  change  might  by  concerning 

''  argument  be  brought  about ;  then  by  his  marrying  within  ^j'^^  "^^  * 

"  England,  and  becoming  a  professor  of  the  gospel,  (con-  his  religion. 

*'  sidering  his  towardness  to  be  a  martial  prince,)  he  might 

"  prove  a  noble  conqueror  of  all  popery  in  Christendom, 

"  with  such  aids  as  might  join  with  him  in  the  empire  and 

"  otherwhere.    And  of  such  a  design  the  secretary  wished 

"  he  might  be  capable."    But  this,  which  he  wrote  from  the 

court  at  Greenwich,  he  enjoined  him  to  keep  secret  within 

his  own  breast ;  saying,  "  The  more  he  writ,  the  more  open 

"  he  was ;  considering  the  trust  he  had  in  his  secrecy,  and 

"  trusting   notwithstanding,   that   nothing   thereof   should 

"  have  light,  to  do  him  any  hurt." 

Therefore  it  was  privily  resolved  in  the  English  court,  instruc- 
that  monsieur,  if  he  married  the  queen,  must  not  use  any  embassador 
religion  different  from  that  of  the  queen.    For  so  it  ran  in '"'•^""t  the 

.  .  .  .  o>     •  1      y    1  article  of 

the  mstructions  given  to  sir  Thomas  Smith,  (who  was  am- religion, 
bassador  in  France  immediately  before  Walsingham,)  in 
these  terms;  "  That  although  it  may  be  sufferable  to  have 
"  an  outward  exercise  of  Christian  religion  in  divers  sorts 
"  among  the  subjects  of  one  realm  ;  yet  to  have  a  diversity, 
"  or  rather  a  contrariety  in  outward  exercise  of  religion  be- 
VOL.  ir.  E 


50        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


religion  not 
allowed. 
And  why. 
Cotton  li- 
brary, Ju- 
lius, F.  6. 


on  this  argument. 

used  the  argument  of  her 


"  tween  us,  (being  queen  of  the  rcahn,  and  so  the  head  of 
"  the  people,)  and  him  that  should  be  her  husband,  seemeth 

Anno  1571."  not  only  dangerous,  but  also  absurd,  yea,  almost  impossi- 
"  ble.    This  must  be  for  a  principal  argument." 

The  private      ^nJ  when  it  was  required  on  the  French  part,  that  mon- 

exercise  of  _  t^  _  _  i         '  _ 

monsieur's  sicur  might  have  only  the  private  exercise  of  the  popish  re- 
ligion, the  counsellors  would  not  admit  of  it ;  "  Forasmuch 
"  as  the  granting  unto  him  the  exercise  of  his  religion,  be- 
"  ing  contrary  unto  the  laws  of  the  land,  might,  by  an  ex- 
"  ample,  breed  such  an  offence  as  was  likely  to  breed  much 
"  trouble."  Walsingham  discoursed  with  the  queen-mother 
When  she  insisted  much  upon  it,  and 
son''s  honour,  to  obtain  this  li- 
berty, he  beseeched  her  to  consider  as  well  the  queen  his 
mistress's  danger  as  her  son's  honour ;  shewing  her,  that  of 
this  permission  great  danger  would  ensue :  as,  I.  The  vio- 
lating of  her  laws.  II.  The  oflPence  of  her  good  and  faith- 
ful subjects.  And  lastly,  The  encouragement  of  the  evil- 
affected.  Which  three  mischiefs,  if  she  would  but  weigh 
with  her  son's  honour,  she  would  find  them  to  be  of  great 
moment.  This  discourse  Walsineham  had  with  this  French 
queen,  upon  command  from  queen  Elizabeth's  letters 
brought  by  Cavalcant,  the  French  ambassador,  lately  re- 
turned to  Paris.  Who  acquainted  Walsingham  that  it  was 
the  queen-mother's  pleasure,  that  he  should  come  to  her  at 
St.  Cloud's  about  four  miles  from  Paris.  Then  he  desired  to 
know  of  her,  how  she  was  satisfied  with  an  answer  the 
queen  had  sent  her  by  Cavalcant,  unto  certain  articles  pro- 
pounded by  the  king  and  her,  to  the  end  that  he  might 
advertise  her  majesty.  She  then  told  him,  among  other 
things,  that  the  second  article,  which  was  concerning  reli- 
gion, was  very  hard,  and  narrowly  touched  the  honour  of 
her  son.  Insomuch  that  should  he  yield  thereto,  the  queen 
herself  would  receive  also  some  part  of  the  blemish,  by  ac- 
36cepting  for  an  husband  such  an  one,  as  by  sudden  change 
of  religion  might  be  thought  drawn  by  worldly  respects, 
and  void  of  all  conscience  and  religion.  To  which  Wal- 
singham  replied,  that   he  was  willed  to  say  to  her,  that 


Discourse 
thereof  be 
tween  the 
queen- 
mother, 
and  Wal- 
singham. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  51 

monsieur,  she  doubted  not,  but  that  by  her  good  persua-    CHAP. 
sions,  would  accept  in  good  part  the  said  answer.    And  that       ^^• 
she  meant  not  such  change  of  a  sudden,  as  that  he  and  his  Anno  1571, 
household  should  be  compelled  to  use  the  rites  of  the  Eng- 
lish church,  contrary  to  his  or  their  consciences.    And  so 
the  ambassador  proceeded  in  his  discourse  as  is  above  men- 
tioned.   This  I  have  extracted  from  Walsingham"'s  original 
letter  to  the  lord  Burghley,  in  the  Paper-office,  endorsed  Numb.  VII. 
thus  by  that  lord's  own  hand  :  April  28,  1571,  Mr.  Wal- 
singham  to  me,  after  the  return  of  Cavalcant  into  France : 
and  by  another  hand.  Upon  the  permission  or  toleration  of 
popery,  what  mischief  will  ensue  f  The  whole  letter  contain- 
ing this  more  fully,  with  other  matters,  I  have  transcribed 
into  the  Appendix. 

Ue  Foix,  employed  by  the  French  in  this  business,  made  Discourse 
answer  to  this ;  viz.  That  to  live  without  exercise  of  reli-  French  am- 
gion,  was  as  much  as  to  be  of  no  religion.    And  he  knew  '^as^ador 

,  ,  .  .       ,  111  1  •  1      1  concerning 

the  queens  majesty  in  honour  would  not  have  hmi  touched  monsieur's 
with  so  great  a  spot,  as  to  be  thought  an  atheist.  To  this  it  ''^^'S'""- 
was  replied,  that  if  it  were  true,  that  he,  the  ambassador, 
had  heard,  monsieur  was  not  so  far  from  our  religion,  hav- 
ing had  some  introduction  therein  by  Carnvallet,  his  gover- 
nor, lately  deceased.  And  therefore,  if  it  pleased  him  to 
water  those  seeds  which  he  had  already  received,  by  some 
conference,  he  should  be  able  easily  to  discern,  that  the 
change  of  his  religion  would  breed  unto  him  no  dishonour. 

The  queen  stood  well  affected  to  proceed  in  the  marriage.  Great  hopes 
in  case  reason  might  take  place  in  the  conditions,  as  the  "„ i'lrthe' 
earl  of  Leicester  told  Walsingham  in  his  letter.    And  how  match, 
likely  this  article  of  religion  was  to  succeed,  the  ambassa- Amb!  * 
dor  informed  the  said  earl :  "  That  he  conceived  great  hopes 
"  thereof,  by  certain   speeches  lately  passed  between  the 
"  French  king,  monsieur's  brother,  and  Teligny ;  viz.  that 
"  religion  should  not  be  the  let,  which  was  the  chiefest  thing 
"  respected  in  this  match."   For  that  the  king  entering  into 
discourse  with  that  French  gentleman,  who  had  said,  that 
it  seemed  strange  to  the  world,  that  monsieur  grew  every 
day  more  suspicious  than  other,  appearing  much  bent  to 

E  2 


52 


ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1571 


Monsieur 
studies  to 
oblige  the 
queen  and 
Leicester. 


his  religion ;  the  king  replied,  that  his  brother,  if  there 
fell  out  no  other  lets  but  religion,  would  be  ruled  by  him. 
"  And  because,"  said  the  king,  "  that  I  may  bring  the  mat- 
"  ter  the  better  to  pass,  I  will  have  my  brother  with  me  out 
"  of  this  town,  and  deliver  him  from  certain  superstitious 
"  friars,  that  seem  to  nourish  this  new  holiness  in  him. 
"  And  that  he  doubted  not,  within  a  few  days,  so  to  work 
"  upon  his  brother,  as  he  would  yield  to  any  thing  he 
"  should  require.""  And  two  days  after,  the  king  called  Te- 
ligny  again  unto  him,  and  asked  him,  whether  he  had  lately 
any  talk  with  his  brother.  Teligny  then  shewed  the  king, 
that  the  same  day  at  dinner  monsieur  called  him  unto 
him ;  and  that  his  whole  course  of  talk  was  only  in  com- 
mendation of  the  queen''s  majesty,  and  of  the  great  desire 
he  had  to  have  so  happy  and  so  honourable  a  match. 
Whereby,  said  he,  I  see  him  so  far,  as  I  hope  he  will  not 
make  any  difficulty  at  religion ;  which  will  be  the  chief 
3  J"  matter  the  queen  will  stick  at.  To  which  the  king  said,  No ; 
observe  my  brother  well ;  and  you  shall  see  him  every  day 
less  superstitious  than  other.  By  this  speech  it  appeared 
what  great  hope  Walsingham  conceived  of  the  king''s  revolt 
also  from  papistry :  using  these  words  to  Leicester ;  Surely 
I  am  of  opinion,  that  if  this  match  go  forward,  it  will  set 
the  triple  crown  quite  aside.  But  our  good  ambassador 
was  not  yet  sufficiently  acquainted  with  that  king's  dissimu- 
lation. 

In  the  mean  time,  that  monsieur  might  the  more  oblige 
the  queen,  the  queen-mother  told  the  English  ambassador, 
that  her  son  would  send  over  marshal  Montmorancy,  [a 
person  very  acceptable  unto  this  court,]  because  the  queen 
her  sister  desired  it.  And  that  he  desired  again,  that  she 
would  send  thither,  into  France,  the  earl  of  Leicester,  [her 
favourite.]  Whom  he  desired  to  see  and  honour,  for  the 
good  affection  that  he  bore  to  the  amity  between  the  two 
realms,  and  to  requite  him  for  the  presents  which  he  had  at 
divers  times  sent  unto  him.  And  then  she  doubted  not  all 
things  should  be  done  as  her  majesty  desired. 

This  business  therefore,  about  the  article  of  religion,  was 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  53 

earnestly  transacted  here  at  the  Enghsh  court :  whereof  the   CHAP, 
queen  made  a  relation  to  her  ambassador  in  France.    The  ' 


French  ambassador  and   Cavalcant,  an  Italian  gentleman  Anno  1571. 
there,  (but  one  that  had  long  lived  in  England,  and  wasf^'^f**" 

'  ^  e>  o  '  dors  from 

well  affected  towards  it,)  were  come  hither  from  the  French  France 
king  about  this  affair.    And  the  earl  of  Leicester  and  the  l^^  nfatter. 
lord  Burghley  were  appointed  by  the  queen  to  be  her  com- 
missioners to  treat  with  them.    The  ambassador  began  with 
the  article  concerning  the  celebration  of  the  matrimony  by 
the  English  book.    And  here  he  said,  he  doubted  that  the 
usage   of  matrimony  by  the  order  of  this  church  might 
contain  matter  repugnant  to  the  duke"'s  conscience.    And 
namely,  that  he  should  be  urged  at  that  time  to  receive  the 
sacrament  according  to  the  institution  of  this  church.    The  The  duke's 
queen,  as  to  this  point,  directed  Walsingham  to  tell  mon-  ^""^  \°^j._ 
sieur  de  Foix,  that  that  was  the  very  order  of  the  book,  viz.  "ed  by  the 
that  "  it  was  convenient  the  married  couple  should  receive  book. 
"  the  communion."    But  however,  that  being  not  of  neces- 
sity, he  might  give  them  some  hope,   that  it  might,  for 
reasonable  respects,  be  forborne.    But  for   the  other  and 
main  article,  that  the  duke  d'Anjou  should  have  no  hberty 
for  himself  and  his  domestics,  to  use  his  own  religion,  the 
French  ambassador  urged  to  have  it  permitted,  with  these 
cautions  and  conditions ;  "  That  he  should  use  his  religion  Cautions 
"  in  secret  place  and  manner,  and  with  such  circumspection,  ti°p*^*'f  '" 
"  as  thereby  no  manner  of  public  offence  should  grow  to  fered  for 

cc  ii-  1  u'      4.    n  his  religion. 

"  the  queen  s  subjects. 

But  to  this  the  queen  would  not  yield :  being  answered.  The  queen 
that  she  doubted  not,  but  that  monsieur  d'Anjou  would,  by  ^grnj"t*i,js 
the  advice  of  the  queen-mother,  be  contented  with  the  queen's  exercise  of 
answer,  being  well  weighed  ;  in  that  she  will  be  contented,  „■^Q^^ .  '^^j. 
that  by  no  means  neither  he  nor  his  domestics  should  be  compel  him 
compelled  to  use  the  rites  of  our  religion,  otherwise  than 
should  be  agreeable  with  his  conscience.    But  as  for  the 
exercise  of  his  own  religion,  being  especially  forbidden  by 
our  laws,  she  could  not,  without  manifest  offence  and  peril 
to  her  state,  accord  thereto.    And  having  acquainted  Wal- 

e3 


54        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    singham  with  all  this,  she  told  him,  that  he  should  use  ail 
good  persuasions  to  induce  them  to  be  content  with  her  an- 


Anno  i57i.swer  in  that  behalf.  And  that  for  the  better  maintaining; 
"^°  thereof,  he  should  require  that  it  might  be  considered,  what 
peril  it  might  be  to  the  quietness  of  her  state,  to  have 
one  that  should  be  her  husband,  (by  his  example  in  her 
house,)  to  give  comfort  to  her  subjects  to  break  her  laws, 
that  presently  were  devoted  to  obey  them.  Which  might 
so  fall  out  in  process  of  time,  as  it  might  repent  lier  that 
ever  she  had  been  so  illy  advised,  &c.  And  in  any  wise, 
she  bade  her  ambassador  give  them  no  other  comfort  in 
this  behalf.  And  she  thought  meet,  that  before  any  other 
things  were  treated  of,  this  matter  concerning  the  point  of 
religion  were  first  on  both  parties  determined.  And  this 
being  accorded,  there  would  be  no  great  difficulty  in  the 
rest.  And  that  considering;  this  matter  for  religion  seemed 
of  such  substance,  as  none  of  the  rest  were,  she  thought  it 
best  to  have  this  first  treated  of;  and  so  enter  to  proceed  or 
forbear. 

Other  mat-       Other  articles  relating  to  religion  were,  that  the   duke 

ters  about  o  ^  . 

religion  re-  should  accompany  the  queen  at  the  usual  tmies  to  her  cha- 

jjuired  on        ^  and  oratorv ;  and    there   remain   in    some   convenient 
the  queen  s  r  /  ' 

part.  place,  until  the  queen  returned  back.    And  that  the  duke 

neither  by  himself  nor  any  other   should  procure  that  a 
change  or  alteration  be  made  or  attempted  of  the  evangeli- 
cal laws  of  religion  set  forth  in  the  realm  of  England ;  nor 
afford  favour  to  any  subject  of  the  queen''s  ;   whereby  in  any 
part  to  violate  these  ecclesiastical  laws ;  but  should  rather 
endeavour  that  such  a  violator  of  them  be  brought  to  pu- 
nishment. 
Resolution       When  Walsingham  had  treated  at  large,  according  to 
French        these  instructions,  with  the  queen-mother  about  this  great 
part.  article,  she  said,  it  was  generally  feared  by  the  catholics, 

that  this  match  would  breed  a  change  of  religion  through- 
out all  Europe.  And  then  concluded,  that  neither  mon- 
sieur her  son,  nor  the  king,  nor  herself  could  ever  yield  to 
any  such  sudden  change  for  any  respect  whatsoever.    Add- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  55 

ing,  that  her  son  would  soon  be  overcome  by  the  queen''s    CHAP. 
persuasions,  he  being  more  zealous  than  able  to  defend  his       ^  ' 


religion.  Anno  1571. 

This  put  some  stop  to  proceedings.    Afterwards  De  Foix  Further 
writ  letters,  that  this  matter  might  be  continued;  as  though 
there  would  be  other  offers  made  by  them.     But  the  queen 
handled  the  matter  exceeding  well  with  the  ambassador,  and 
gave  him  no  hope,  without  yielding  on  their  part.     And 
this  the  earl  of  Leicester  signified  to  Walsingham ;   and 
that,  as  far  as  he  could  perceive,  they  would  rather  yield 
than  break  off.     Walsingham  observed,  how  the  French 
protestants  did  earnestly  desire  this  match ;  and  the  papists, 
on  the  other  side,  did  seem  earnestly  to  impeach  the  same : 
which  made  him  the  more  diligent  and  eager  to  further  it. 
And  that  upon  wise  considerations,  observing  how  her  ma-  Waising- 
jesty's  estate,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  stood,  as  he  in  his  prehen- 
poor  eyesight,  as  he  said,  could  discern;  and  how  she  was^'o^** 
beset  with  foreign  perils ;  the  execution  whereof  stayed  only 
upon  the  event  of  this  match  ;  he  saw  not  how  she  could 
stand,  if  this  matter  brake  off.    These  were  that  statesman's 
apprehensions  ;  and  this  was  the  reason  he  laboured  to  pro- 
mote this  affair,  and  wrote  so  earnestly  for  it,  upon  no  other 
particular  respect,  as  God,    he  said,  was  his  witness,  but  39 
only  the  regard  he  had  to  God's  glory  and  her  majesty's 
safety. 

It  was  now  the  month  of  May,  when  the  queen  wrote  her-'^''.^  i"««" 

''  ^  1  •  1  T        vvntes  her 

self  a  letter  to  him,  treating  of  this  matter  at  large ;  biddmg  resolution 
him  tell  the  queen-mother,  or  the  king,  that  she  found  more  5°^^^"^^" ^" 
great  and  urgent  causes  to  move  her  to  persist  in  her  former  ambassador. 
answer  in  that  article  of  religion,  both  for  her  conscience,  ^^^1" 
safety,  honour,  and  quietness,  than  could  be  alleged  or  ima- 
gined for  the  conscience  and  honour  of  monsieur  d'Anjou. 
She  spake  here  about  our  pubUc  prayers;  that  duke  d'Anjou  ^^|j^^'|JJ.* 
might  very  well  be  present  at  them  :  for  that  in  them  there  monsieur's 
was  no  part  that  had  not  been,  yea,  that  was  not  at  that  day  [^'"p/;'^^"^'; 
used  in  the  church  of  Rome ;  and  that  if  any  thing  more 
were  in  ours,  the  same  was  part  of  the  holy  scripture.    That 
if  it  were  said  ours  was  in  English,  we  had  them  translated 

E  4 


56         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    in  other  languages,  as  in  Latin  or  French  :  either  of  which 
his  own  ministers  might  use  in  places  convenient.     That 


Anno  1571.  whereas  it  might  be  objected,  that  hereby  he  would  make  a 
change  of  his  faith  in  matters  of  religion,  the  queen  meant 
not  to  prescribe  this  to  him,  or  any  person,  that  they  would 
at  her  motion,  or  in  respect  of  her,  change  their  religion  in 
matters  of  faith.    Neither  did  the  usage  of  the  divine  service 
of  England  properly  compel  any  to  alter  his  religion,  in 
controversies  in  the  church,  only  the  usage  thereof  did  di- 
rect men  daily  to  read  and  hear  the  scripture,  to  pray  to 
Almighty  God  by  the  daily  vise  of  the  psalter  of  David : 
and  the  ancient  prayers,  anthems,  and  collects  of  the  church 
were  even  the  same  which  the  universal  church  had  used,  and 
yet  did  use. 
Our  liturgy      This  favourable  representation  of  our  reformed  service, 
represented  ^T  liturgy,  to  mousieur  and  these  Romanists,  the  French 
to  him  by    \^\j^a-  and  queeu-mother,  was  used  also  by  the  lord  Burgh- 

the  lord  o  t  '  J  o 

Burghiey.  ley.  For  when  the  French  ambassador  had  asserted  to  the 
earl  of  Leicester  and  him,  that  monsieur  would  never  sus- 
tain that  dishonour,  to  come  hither  with  that  account  to  be 
made  of  him,  that  he  had  no  religion,  if  he  should  not  be  al- 
lowed to  have  mass ;  then  Burghley  answered,  as  it  was  con- 
tained before  in  the  queen's  letters,  setting  out  the  nearness 
of  our  divine  service  to  such  things  as  were  good  and  sound 
in  the  Roman  :  adding,  that  we  in  our  book  wanted  nothing 
but  such  things  as  were  either  impious,  or  doubtful  to  be 
against  the  scriptures.  And  that  this  that  had  been  said  of 
our  liturgy  might  be  the  better  known  and  read  in  France, 
Walsingham  desired,  that  by  the  next,  a  Common  Prayer 
translated  into  French  might  be  sent  unto  him,  to  present 
it  unto  monsieur,  saying,  that  he  had  seen  of  them  printed 
at  Guernsey,  [for  the  use  of  the  churches  there.]  And  ac- 
cordingly, in  June,  a  French  Common  Prayer  Book  was 
sent  over.  But  all  these  endeavours  succeeded  not. 
This  treaty  For  it  was  about  July  the  queen  put  off  the  match,  on 
the  account  ^'^^  accoimt  of  religion,  she  refusing  absolutely  to  permit 
of  religion   tj^g  use  of  the  mass,  which  was  so  stiffly  insisted  on  in  that 

by  the  .  .  . 

ejueen :        article,  viz.  that  the  duke  of  Anjou  should  not  be  molested, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  57 

projyter  usurpationem  aliquoi'um  divinorum  rituum  et  cere-   CHAP. 
moniarum.    Whereupon  great  were  the  fears  and  disturb- 


ances  of  the  minds  of  the  best  men.      "  I  have  done  my  Anno  1571. 
"  utmost,"  said  the  lord  Burghley,  "  and   so  have  other 
"  counsellors.    The  lord  keeper  hath  earnestly  endeavoured  40 
"  it.     The  earls  of  Sussex  and  Leicester  have  joined  vigor- 
"  ously  in  it."    And  he  knew  none  directly  against  it.    From 
Spain  likewise  came  no  good  answer ;  and  therefore  that  Which 
great  and  good  statesman  concluded  that  amity  to  be  need-  ^reat^p- 
ful  for  them.     "  But  God,"  said  he,  "  hath  determined  to  prehensions 
"  plague  us.    The  hour  is  at  hand.     His  will  be  done  with 
"  mercy."    Such  dreadful  apprehensions  had  the  wisest  on 
this  emergence. 

If  we  would  know  what  the  earl  of  Leicester's  thoughts 
were  of  this  matter,  who  knew  best  the  queen''s  mind,  he 
signified  it  in  July,  to  this  purpose,  in  his  letter  to  Walsing- 
ham  :  "  That  for  his  opinion  in  this  great  matter,  he  would  Leicester's 
"  deal  plainly  with  him,  even  as  he  found  her  majesty''s  dis-  theTueen's 
"  position.     That  as  for  her   desire  of  marriage,  he  per- disposition ; 
"  ceived  it  continued  still  as  it  was ;  which  was  very  cold,  thoughts 
"  That  nevertheless  she  saw  it  so  necessary,  as  he  believed  thereof. 
"  she  yielded  rather  to  think  it  fit  to  have  an  husband,  than 
*'  willing  indeed  to  have  any  found  for  her.     And  he  feared 
"  so  it  would  appear  in  this  matter  of  monsieur.    And  so  it 
"  might  be  perceived  by  the  articles  passed  already,  that  there 
"  was  among  them  all,  but  one  that  made  that  difficulty; 
"  namely,  this  demand  to  have  the  private  exercise  of  his 
"  religion  :  which  as  they  all  [of  the  privy  council]  liked  of, 
"  that  is,  her  majesty ""s  denial  to  allow  of  the  papistical  reli- 
"  gion,  so  it  did  appear,  that  if  he  would  omit  that  demand, 
"  and  put  it  in  silence,  yet  would  her  majesty  straitly  capi- 
"  tulate  with  him,  that  he  should  in  no  wise  demand  it  here- 
"  after  at  her  hand :  which  scruple,  he  believed,  would  ut- 
"  terly  break  off  the  matter."     And  then  the  earl  brake  his 
own  apprehensions ;  praying  God  some  other  amity  might  be 
accepted,  as  concluding  (as  the  lord  Burghley  did)  a  breach 
with  France.     Albeit,  as  he  added,  he  distrusted  not  the 
goodness  of  God :  but  that,  whatsoever  shall  fall  out,  it  was 


58      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1571. 


A  dismal 
prospect 
now  in 
England. 


God's  providence  for  the  best,  or  at  least  for  our  just  scourge 
for  our  deservings  towards  him.  And  no  more  could  he 
say,  but  that  Almighty  God  would  strengthen  her  majesty's 
true  zeal  for  religion ;  and  that,  not  favouring  this  match, 
she  would  ally  herself  with  some  princes  abroad,  as  would 
earnestly  join  with  her  therein. 

The  people  of  England  we  now  see  at  their  prayers,  hav- 
ing a  dismal  prospect  of  two  powerful  neighbouring  nations, 
their  enemies,  Spain  and  France,  besides  no  good  under- 
standing with  other  states  and  countries :  for  they  looked 
upon  this  refusal  of  monsieur  to  be  nothing  but  the  opening 
a  door  to  hostility  with  France.  Leicester  expressed  this  in 
his  correspondence  with  the  English  ambassador  there,  after 
this  manner :  "  In  Spain  we  have  no  cause  to  look  for  any 
"  friendship.  What  terms  we  stand  in  to  other  places  is  easily 
"  known.  Thus  we  are  with  our  neighbours  in  all  places 
"  without  friendship.  God  protect  and  defend  us  ;  who  is 
"  only  able,  and  must  do  it,  for  any  pohcy  used."  The 
strength  and  safety  of  England  now  depending  wholly,  in 
all  human  appearance,  on  the  friendship  of  France,  whereof 
there  was  now  little  hope. 

But  notwithstanding  all  these  fears  and  jealousies  in  the 
wisest  heads,  by  Walsingham's  means,  and  God's  good  pro- 
vidence overruling  and  concurring,  though  the  match  with 
41  France  went  off,  a  league  was  concluded  with  the  French 
king.  For  to  this  import  the  said  ambassador's  next  dcs- 
Auaity  still  patch  to  Leicester  tended  :  "  That  he  was  put  in  hopes,  that 
withFranee.  ^^  ^j^^ygj^  ^[yQ  matter  SO  much  laboured  succeeded  not,  yet 
"  that  the  king's  intention  was  to  send  some  person  of  good 
"  quality,  as  well  to  thank  her  majesty  for  her  honourable 
"  proceedings  in  this  cause,  as  also  to  desire  continuance  of 
"  good  amity."  And  he  advised,  that  it  behoved  her  ma- 
jesty to  look  about  her,  being  environed  with  so  many  prac- 
tices, the  execution  whereof  had  stayed,  as  he  said,  upon  the 
event  of  the  match.  And  that  he  did  what  he  could  to  pro- 
cure continuance,  or  rather  increase  of  amity.  And  that  the 
king  himself,  as  he  learned,  was  very  well  inclined  thereto, 
and  the  rather  through  a  mislike  he  had  to  Spain. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  59 

And  this  must  be  looked  upon  in  this  extremity  as  a  sin-    CHAP. 
gular  point  of  God''s  gracious  providence  to  this  state  and 
church  at  this  dangerous  juncture,  in  turning  that  king**s  Anno  1571. 
heart  towards  tlie  queen.     For  he  willed  her  ambassador  to  ^^^^^'"^'^J^"* 
tell  her  majesty,  "  That  whatsoever  became  of  the  cause,  in  an  ex- 
"  that  in  respect  of  her  honourable  and  sincere  dealing  in  !^^™'.  ^'_ 
"  the  same,  and  the  confidence  she  shewed  to  repose  in  him,  ham's  letter 
"  she  might  assure  herself  as  much  of  his  friendship  as  of^^^^^^^ 
"  any  others  in  the  world;  and  that  she  had  full  power  toJuiyuit. 
"  dispose  of  him  and  of  his  realms,  to  the  benefit  of  herself 
"  and  of  her  subjects.    And  that  his  sword  should  be  always 
"  ready  to  defend  her  against  any  that  should  attempt  any 
"  thing  against  her.     And  he  joined,  as  this  letter  added, 
"  his  words  and  countenance  so  together,  as  great  demon- 
"  stration  outwardly,  of  his  inward  good  will :  which  could 
"  not  but  be  seen  thereby."    Such  were  the  king's  obliging 
terms,  unless   there   were   a  mixture  of  deceit  and  fraud 
therein.     For  he  was  indeed  the  greatest  and  most  artificial 
dissembler  in  the  world. 

Yet  still  the  match  was  not  in  such  despair,  but  the  mo-  Motion  of 
tion  about  it  soon  began  to  revive  again ;  listened  to  on  the  revi^d. 
part  of  the  English,  for  the  preserving  France  fast  to  Eng- 
land ;  and  on  the  part  of  the  French,  on  account  of  the 
greatness  and  honourableness  of  wedding  with  such  a  mighty 
princess,  as  well  as  for  other  ends  of  their  own.  The  hin- 
derers  of  the  good  proceedings  therein  in  France  appeared 
now  to  Walsino-ham  :  who  were  the  pope"'s  nuncio,  together  'mpedi- 

f  1         1         1    -1      1    1  1   •        T  1-        mentsto 

with  Spain  and  Portugal,  who  daily  laboured  in  dissuading  its  proceed- 
the  match  ;  and  the  clergy  also,  who  had  offered  to  monsieur  "'»• 
a  great  pension  to  stay  from  further  proceeding  in  it.  And 
in  conclusion,  nothing  was  left  undone  that  might  be  thought 
fit  to  put  impediment  to  it ;  and  there  were  some  enemies  of 
the  queen  within  her  dominions  that  had  wrote  into  France, 
that  the  queen  had  nothing  less  than  intention  to  marry, 
whatever  she  pretended.  And  hereof  he  who  sent  this  news 
was  well  assured  by  those  that  were  about  her :  and  there- 
fore willed  them  there  to  be  of  good  comfort,  and  never  to 
doubt  of  the  matter.     This  person  was  the  Scottish  am- 


60         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    bassador,  then  at  London,  as  Walsingham  afterwards  under- 

^'        stood  ;  who  pretended  to  know  all  secrets  of  state.    Whence 

Anno  1571.  the  ambassador  judged  there  was  bred  in  them  there,  in 

France,  on  this  occasion,  some  doubt  of  late  of  her  majesty's 

disposition  to  marry,  so  as  they  knew  not  how  to  proceed. 

42  Which  doubt  was  now  made  an  advertisement  from  the  said 

Scottish  ambassador,  who  was  the  busy  bishop  of  Rosse. 

The  protes-      g^,^  ^j^g  protestants  in  France  huno;  all  their  peace  and 

tants  in  .  ^  °  ,  ^    .  .  , 

France,  happmess  upon  either  this  match,  or  at  least  amity  with 
their  con-^  France.  So  that  if  neither  amity  nor  marriage  might  take 
it.  place,  (writeth  Walsingham,)  the  poor  protestants  here  do 

think  then  their  case  desperate.     And  so  they  told  him  with 
tears. 
French  am-      Monsieur  de  Foix  was  now  sent  over  on  purpose  to  com- 
comesover.  promise  (if  possible)  the  matter,  to  mollify  the  article  of 
Aug.  3.       religion,  so  much  controverted.    There  was  a  phrase  added  in 
this  article,  which  was,  that  "  the  duke  should  not  be  molested 
"  for  using  any  rite  not  repugnant  unto  the  word  of  God."" 
Which  words   being  delivered    unto    them   in    the  month 
of  August,  they  disliked  the  expression,  viz.  the  word  of 
God.     So  that  by  their  importunity  it  was  altered  from 
verbo  Dei  to  ecclesicB  Dei;  which  in  the  queen's  judgment 
was  all  one.    But  with  that,  though  they  were  better  con- 
tented than  with  the  other,  yet  they  insisted  upon  changing 
that  to  catholiccB  ecclesice.    Whereunto  she  did  not  assent. 
But  that  there  should  be  no  mistake,  the  queen  by  speech 
The  queen  declared  to  De  Foix,  "  That  as  she  would  be  well  contented 
her'Sd     "  ^^^^  h^^  answer  might  satisfy  monsieur  d'Anjou  for  his 
to  him  about"  honour,  [which  was  the  great  pretence,]  for  that  she  had 
Religion.*''   "  in   sort  yielded  unto  him,  to  use  other  ceremonies  than 
"  those  of  her  religion,  so  that  they  were  not  repugnant  to 
"  the  word  of  God ;   so  her  meaning  was  to  be  declared 
"  plainly  to  him,  that  she  could  not  permit  him  at  his  com- 
"  ing  to  have  the  use  of  any  private  mass.    That  so  there 
"  might  be  no  misconceiving  gathered  from  her  answer; 
"  whereby  the  duke  might  hope  for  any  sufferance  :  for  that 
"  she  could  not  find  it  without  peril  of  her  estate  and  quiet- 
"  ness  to  yield  thereto."     The  ambassador  had  good  enter- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  61 

tainment  in  all  external  offices  of  respect,  well  used  by  her    CHAP, 
majesty,  defrayed  for  his  diet,  while  he  was  at  court. 


And  it  being  now  September,  and  the  queen  in  her  pro- Anno  iS7i. 
gress  at  Audley  End,  near  Saffron  Walden,  he  was  attended  ^[;^^^^,""^'J^ 
very  courteously  and  honourably  by  the  lord  Buckhurst,  hearty  for 
during  his  being  there,  in  going  and  returning.     And  the  rjag^^"^' 
lord  Burghley,  for  the  more  honour,  caused  the  earl  of  Ox- 
ford, his  son-in-law,  to  attend  on  him  in  divers  places :  and 
in  the  way  from  London  to  Walden  the  said  lord  entertained 
him  at  his  house  at  Theobalds.    And  there  De  Foix  and  the 
other  ambassador  resident  saw  his  hearty  devotion  to  the 
marriage.    And  this  he  did  to  shew  how  confirmed  his  judg- 
ment was  for  it,  (as  he  wrote  to  Walsingham,)  and  that  he 
was  not  ashamed  to  utter  himself,  however  it  might  be  peril- 
ous to  him,  if  it  should  not  take  place.    For  he  reckoned, 
(as  he,  now  full  of  concern  for  the  public,  expressed  his 
thoughts,)  "  that  blessing  or  vengeance  was  now  to  be  ex- 
"  pected  at  God's  hand.     And  in  the  mean  time  his  behold- 
"  ing  of  this  cloud,  and  the  time  to  creep  nearer,  called  upon 
"  him  and  all  good  Englishmen  to  implore  God's  mercy, 
"  and  to  beseech  him  to  direct  her  majesty's  heart  to  choose 
"  that  which  might  be  most  for  his  glory." 

After  seven  or  eight  special  conferences  with  her  majesty  The  last  re- 

o         r  "  solution 

and  her  council,  (wherein  several  there  were  that  secretly  about  the 
obstructed  this  great  affair,  and  threw  in  on  purpose  hard  ™^'JiJP'j|" 
terms,  and  answers  given  to  the  ambassador  in  words  were  favour  of  it. 
altered  in  writing,  as  to  the  point  of  religion,)  yet  it  was  at  43 
last  resolved ;  "  and  so  the  queen  pronounced  to  her  coun- 
"  cil,  whom  she  saw  earnestly  bent  by  all  means  to  fiu'ther 
''  this  marriage,  for  her  own  surety,  and  for  avoiding  the  in- 
"  evitable  ruin  of  this  monarchy,  (I  do  but  repeat  the  words 
"  of  that  great  and  honest  counsellor,)  that  surely,  so  as 
"monsieur  will  forbear  the  mass,  she  will  assent  to  the  Lord 

^        Burghley  s 

*'  marriage.    And  this  she  confirmed  with  all  good  speeches  letter  to 
"  to  give  credit.    But  yet  all  her  counsellors  (whereof  that  ^J^J""^' 
"  lord  was  one)  were  not  so  persuaded ;  not  as  doubting  her 
"  assertions,  (which    surely  were   agreeable  to  her  mind, 
"  when  she  uttered  them,)  but  for  doubt  that  other  mis- 


G2         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  liking  the  same,  might  indirectly  draw  her  from  her  de- 
"  termination/"' 


Anno  1571.      The  three  chief  articles  required  on  the  French  part,  con- 
The  three    kerning;  monsieur,  which  were,  that  he  should  be  crowned 

articles  for  o  '  ' 

monsieur,    king  of  these  realms,  and  that  he  should  be  joined  with  the 
answers!      queen  in  the  administration  and  government  of  the  king- 
dom, and  for  the  toleration  of  the  exercise  of  his  religion, 
with  the  cautious  answers  thereunto,  may  be  found  in  the 
Page  131.    Complete  Ambassador. 

The  French      Dc  Foix  was  now  gone  home  with  the  resolutions  taken  in 
returns.       England,  and  the  queen  and  her  statesmen  were  in  expecta- 
tion of  the  result  thereof  in  France.     The  queen  was  per- 
suaded, that  they  would  yield  in  the  matter  of  religion  for 
monsieur.    And  if  they  did  so,  she  seemed  to  her  council 
that  she  would,  according  to  her  word,  proceed.     But  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  who  knew  her  temper  best,  said,  that  to 
speak  his  conscience,  he  thought  she  had  rather  he  [the 
ambassador]  had  increased  some  hard  points  than  yielded 
to  them.     And  therefore  the  hopes  of  the  court  were  small, 
that  ever  the  match  should  take  place.     And  Leicester  de- 
clared, in  his  correspondence  with  the  English  ambassador 
The  queen  in    France,  "  that  he  was  persuaded  her  majesty's  heart 
^ow  inciin-  jj  ^^^^  ^^^  inclined  to  marry  at  all,  since  the  matter  was  ever 
"  brought  to  as  many  points  as  could  be  devised :  and  she 
"  was  always  bent  to  hold  with  the  difficultest.     And  it 
"  grieved  (as  he  said)  his  very  heart  to  think  of  it,  seeing 
"  no  way  he  could  think  of  might  serve  how  she  could  re- 
"  main  quiet  and  safe,  without  such  a  strong  alliance  as 
"  marriao-e  must  be.      For  the  amities  of  others  (as  he 
"  added)  might  serve  for  a  time ;  but  no  account  was  to  be 
"  made  of  them  longer  than  to  serve  the  turn  of  each  party. 
"  And  her  majesty's  years  running  away  so  fast,  caused  him 
"  to  despair  of  long  quietness." 

It  fell  out  so  indeed.  It  was  now  October  ;  and  the  treaty 
about  the  match  was  laid  aside.  Walsingham's  great  busi- 
ness now  was  to  cultivate  a  good  amity  between  the  French 
and  our  queen  Elizabeth;  which  that  king  seemed  very 
much  inclined  to.     And  a  new  embassy  from  England  was 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  63 

preparing  for  that  purpose.     Now  towards  the  decUning  of   CHAP, 
the  year  sir  Thomas  Smith  goes  again  to  France,  to  make  a 


firm  treaty,  offensive  and  defensive,  between  that  nation  and  Anno  1571. 
the  queen  ;  and  withal  to  speak  with  that  king  secretly  con-  ^'^j^j^  °^'^^^ 
cerning  the  marriage.    He  was  appointed  to  go  in  Decem-  ambassador 
ber,  though  he  came  not  there  till  towards  February  follow-  concerniug 
ing.    Of  whom  the  lord  Burghley  gives  this  character ;  that  amity- 
he  was  one,  he  thought,  of  such  dexterity  in  his  actions,  and  ^vaislj,  j^ 
of  such  dutiful  good-will  towards  England,  that  no  advice  iiam. 
or  direction  could  be  given  to  our  prejudice.  44 

But  Spain  all  this  while  had  a  jealous  eye  upon  these  A  Spaniard 
transactions  between  France  and  England,  and  endeavoured  |^g*^3g|]|.* 
all  she  could  to  obstruct  the  friendship  now  laboured  be-  from  the 
tween  the  two  crowns,  and  particularly  to  hinder  the  match  the  elector 
in  concert  between  the  queen  and  monsieur ;  which  was  so  °^  Saxony, 
much  desired  by  the  English,  as  tending  to  strengthen  them 
against  the  attempts  of  Spain.     In  order  to  which  perhaps 
it  was,  that  in  December  this  year  comes  a  Spaniard,  in 
quality  of  some  secret  messenger,  as  from  queen  Elizabeth, 
to  the  elector  of  Saxony,  pretending  himself  to  be  one  of 
her  chamber,  to  signify  to  him,  that  the  queen  being  now 
minded  to  marry,  had  sent  him  to  treat  thereof  with  him 
concerning  the  prince  his  son.     It  looked  strange  to  the 
elector,  especially  since  he  had  brought  no  letters  of  cre- 
dence with  him.     But  that  was  omitted,  as  he  said,  for  the 
more   privacy.      But  to   be   better   informed,    the  elector 
thought  fit  to  inquire  of  Christopher  Mount,  the  queen's 
agent  at  Strasburgh,  concerning  this  matter.     The  account 
of  this  whole  matter  take  from  the  agent's  own  pen,  in  a 
letter  or  two  to  this  purport. 

"  That  a  certain  Spaniard,  calling  himself  Jacomo,  An-  The  queen's 
"  tonio,  Gromo,  alias  Pacheco,  in  the  end  of  December  last,  l^^^^  ^ 
"  came  alone  to  Heidelberg,  and  requiring  a  secret  audi- Burghley 

.  -  ,  .  ,„       ,^,  ,  concerning 

"  ence,  was  admitted  to  tlie  elector  himself.      1  here  he  ex-  him. 

"  pounded,  that  he  was  sent  out  of  England  by  the  queen,  MSS.Burgh. 

"  to  note  and  see   the  person  and  form  of  the  son  of  the 

"  elector,  Christophero :  for  that  the  queen  had  altogether 

"  brought  her  mind  to  marry.     And  that  he  was  sent  with- 


64         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  out  the  knowledge  of  her  counsellors,  that  so  she  might 
'■        "  conceal  and  hide  this  her  deliberation.     That  the  elector 


Anno  1571."  asking,  whether  he  had  brought  any  letters  to  him  from 
"  the  queen,  he  answered,  that  to  keep  this  matter  in  the 
"  deepest  silence,  and  by  reason  of  the  various  dangers  of 
"  journeys,  and  especially  through  the  Dutch  quarters,  he 
"  durst  not  bring  letters  ;  but  he  was  in  good  hope  that  he 
"  should  within  a  little  while  be  present  again  before  him 
"  with  commands  and  letters.  That  to  make  the  elector 
"  more  apt  to  believe  him,  he  said,  that  seven  years  before 
"  he  studied  in  the  university  of  Heidelberg,  and  had  fami- 
"  har  conversation  with  certain  noblemen,  whom  he  named. 
"  And  that  they  might  give  a  testimony  of  his  former  life. 

"  That  the  elector,  having  received  his  message  courte- 
*'  ously,  graciously  dismissed  him.  That  the  elector  after- 
"  wards  called  for  those  noblemen  whom  he  named,  and 
"  asked  them  whether  they  knew  this  Spaniard  :  who  affirm- 
"  ed,  that  a  certain  Italian  some  years  ago  did  study  at 
"  Heidelberg ;  but  they  knew  not  whether  he  were  the  same. 
"  Upon  this,  Mount  adds,  that  the  said  elector,  by  a  pro- 
"  per  messenger,  sent  for  him,  in  the  middle  of  the  cold 
"  winter,  viz.  on  the  7th  of  January.  Being  come,  he 
"  asked  Mount,  whether  he  knew  a  certain  noble  Spaniard, 
"  named  Jacomo,  Antonio,  Gromo,  alias  Pacheco,  servant 
"  to  the  queen,  and  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  her  majesty's 
"  chamber.  Mount  answered,  he  knew  none  such.  AVhere- 
"  upon  the  elector  told  him  the  story.  To  which  the  other 
45  "  answered,  that  he  thought  it  a  fable ;  and  that  these  things 
"  were  invented  by  fraud,  tliat  he  might  allure  the  noble 
"  youth  with  hope,  and  bring  hiin  in  a  snare,  if  he  could." 

All  this  the  said  agent  wrote  to  the  lord  Burghley,  jVIarch 
the  25th,  by  some  English  merchants  at  Frankford  mart. 
The  further  event  of  this  business  was  this.  On  the  26th 
of  March  a  letter  was  brought  to  the  agent,  by  the  com- 
mand of  the  elector's  chancellor,  that  the  Spaniard  with  four 
names  was  returned  to  Heydelberg,  without  any  letters  of 
credit,  sounding  to  the  same  song.  And  that  prince's  coun- 
sellors, being  offended  with  this  impostor's  fraud,  as  presum- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  G5 

ing  to  abuse  a  very  excellent  prince,  had  taken  him  into  cus-  CHAP, 
tody,  till  he  should  discover  the  authors  of  this  rashness,  ^^' 
and  open  the  causes  of  this  dissimulation.  That  then  he  re- Anno  1571. 
ferred  himself  to  one  Baptist,  whom  he  gave  out  to  be  the 
foui'th  man  of  the  number  of  the  queen's  chief  chamber- 
lains, and  asserting  that  he  had  now  written  letters  to  him. 
Mount  added,  that  the  said  chancellor  then  called  upon  him, 
that  he  would  be  instant  with  Walsingham,  the  queen''s  am- 
bassador, (to  whom  he  wrote  what  is  before  related,)  that 
he,  with  secretary  Smith  and  Killigrew,  (the  queen's  joint 
ambassadors  at  Paris,)  would  take  notice  of  this  matter, 
and  examine  whether  there  were  such  a  mandatarius  in  the 
queen's  court.  And  since  that  Spaniard  had  dared  to  speak 
contumeliously  of  that  most  worthy  and  just  lord  Burghley, 
(which  they  looked  upon  as  a  great  argument  of  his  fraud,) 
that  his  excellency  would  do  a  deed  worthy  of  his  pains,  to 
certify  the  elector  of  this  device ;  inasmuch  as  it  concerned 
the  public,  that  evil  deeds  should  not  go  unpunished.  And 
that  to  deceive  a  prince  was  a  great  crime ;  as  it  is  proved, 
they  said,  in  the  last  law  of  thq  code,  De  his  qui  a  non  do- 
mino manumitt. 

But  whatsoever  lay  under  the  practice  of  this  deceitful  Spain's 
Spaniard,  it  is  certain,  Spain  was  now  playing  her  private  a^a^ns^t^ 
game  with  the  French  against  the  queen.     In  the  latter  end  Engi^nJj 
of  the  year,  March  the  23d,  Standen,  an  English  fugitive,  Higgens,^"' 
lately  come  out  of  Spain,  arrived  secretly  at  Blois,  where  ^^^*^^'*''^' 

1       Tri       1-   1  1  1  Steukley, 

the  English  ambassadors  were  :  who  gave  out  some  speech  &c.  in 
unto  a  Frenchman,  whom  he  trusted,  of  some  hope  there  ^'^^"^^' 
should  be  in  England,  or  ever  summer  ended.  And  after 
he  had  stayed  one  night,  went  to  Paris,  (whither  the  Eng- 
lish ambassador  writ,  to  have  his  doings  observed.)  Who 
coming  there,  repaired  to  the  Scottish  ambassador ;  where 
they  had  their  conferences,  together  with  Higgins,  who  was 
concerned  about  the  duke  of  Norfolk's  business.  Which 
Higgins  had  lately  come  to  Paris  from  Rome.  And  at  his 
departure  from  Paris,  protested  secretly  to  a  friend  of  his, 
that  he  would  not  return  thither  [i.  e.  to  Paris]  in  one  or  two 
years ;  saying,  he  saw  no  way  with  his  master  [the  duke, 

VOL.  II.  F 


66        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    perhaps]  but  one.     His  sudden   return  shewed  there  was 
'         somewhat  a  brewing.     There  was  tlien  also  at  Paris  Egre- 
Anno  1571.  mond  Ratcliff,  a  busy  man,  (who  came  to  an  untimely  end, 
by  the  sentence  of  duke  d'Alva  against  him,)  and  Genny, 
who  came  out  of  Spain,  and  also  one  Chamberlain ;  who  con- 
ferred there  with  the  king  of  Spain''s  secretary,  and  repaired 
thence   to   duke  d"'Alva.      Steukley  also,  another   of    the 
queen's  traitorous  subjects,  (of  whom  mention  was  made  the 
last  year,)  was  there  also ;  and  now  returned  to  Spain,  in 
company  of  J.  Doria.     He  had  received  great  honour  from 
4o  that  king,  and  was  put  in  hopes  shortly  to  be  employed  by 
Steukiey's    ^i^n  in  some  traitorous  attempts  against  the  queen.    A  great 

character.  r         o  i  o 

boaster  he  was,  and  promised  great  matters  to  that  king.  But 
after  he  had  bestowed  much  money  upon  him,  he  found  him 
at  length  not  worthy  of  any  more  ;  the  opinion  of  him  be- 
ing greatly  abated  in  Spain,  by  discovery  of  his  lewdness 
and  insufficiency,  as  Burghley  afterwards  wrote  to  Wal- 
singham  concerning  him.  The  coming  and  going  of  these 
traitors  of  England,  and  creatures  and  pensioners  of  Spain, 
evidently  bespeak  the  ill  offices  they  were  doing  the  queen  in 
France. 
A  Spanish  It  was  also  signified  to  secretary  Smith  from  Walsing- 
conies  to  ham,  (that  I  may  lay  these  Spanish  matters  together,)  that 
Paris:  and  ^  Spanish  luarquis,  that  was  come  to  Paris  to  congratulate 
the  French  queen''s  delivery,  under  colour  of  the  same,  as 
he  learned,  had  commission  secretly  to  treat  of  three  points. 
First,  for  the  French  king  to  enter  into  a  league,  [called  the 
holy  league.^  Secondly,  for  a  marriage  between  monsieur 
and  his  master's  sister.  Thirdly,  to  propound  some  way 
for  the  Scottish  queen's  deliverance;  being  procured  thereto 
by  the  house  of  Guise,  in  recompence  of  the  execution  done 
upon  them  of  the  religion.  Whereby  the  king  of  Spain 
acknowledged  to  have  saved  the  Low  Countries.  And  it 
was  observed  by  the  said  Walsingham,  some  time  before 
the  arrival  of  the  said  marquis,  that  upon  a  courier  arrived 
at  Paris,  out  of  Spain,  from  the  French  ambassador  there, 
that  though  there  had  been  some  unkindness  grown  before, 
between  those  two  crowns,  upon  some  complaint  made,  now 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  67 

it  was  thought  there  was  never  so  great  amity  between  them    CHAP, 
as  at  that  present  was  hke  to  be.     And   these  were  the  ' 


doings  and  endeavours  of  Spain,  all  along  this  and  the  next^^"no  ^^71. 
year. 

Our  ambassadors  now  in  France  (who  were  three,  viz.  The  English 
Walsingham,  Killigrew,  and  Smith)  stirred  as  much  as  p™  n^otes*"^ 
they  could  in  a  matter  which  they  reckoned  would  tend  the  match 
much  to  the  interest  of  the  protestant  religion,  and  the  prince  of 
greater  liberty  and  peace  of  the  French  protestants  particu-  ^'^var. 
larly  ;  and  that  was,  the  marriage  in  hand  with  the  prince  of 
Navarr,  a  protestant,  and  the  lady  Margaret,  the  French 
king's  sister.  That  by  this  conjunction  with  a  protestant 
prince,  those  of  the  religion  in  France  might  have  the 
greater  countenance :  though  it  proved  all  wicked  hypocrisy 
in  the  end.  The  great  difficulty  in  accomplishing  this  mar- 
riage was  in  the  form  to  be  used  in  the  solemnization  of  it  : 
which  the  queen  of  Navarr  would  not  be  brought  to  con- 
descend to  be  done  after  popish  manner.  Here  Smith, 
Walsingham,  and  Killigrew  took  the  liberty  to  interpose. 
And  that  neither  the  popish  office,  nor  the  marriage  office 
used  in  the  protestant  churches  in  France,  might  be  used,  it 
was  devised  by  them,  that  instead  thereof,  the  office  of  the 
church  of  England  might  be  admitted :  the  like  case  hap- 
pening formerly  in  England,  upon  a  treaty  of  marriage  be- 
tween king  Edward  VI.  and  the  late  queen  of  Spain,  the 
present  French  king's  sister ;  wherein  it  was  agreed  that  she 
should  be  married  according  to  the  form  of  our  church. 
This  treaty  the  English  ambassadors  sent  a  copy  of  to  the 
queen  of  Navarr.  This  she  liked  well.  And  sending  to 
speak  with  them,  she  told  them,  that  it  had  stood  her  in 
good  stead,  and  declared  to  them  how  the  marriage  stood 
between  their  majesties  of  France  and  her;  and  that  there 
was  no  difference  between  them,  but  only  in  the  manner  of  47 
the  solemnization.  And  that  she  had  mentioned  the  said 
treaty  to  them,  but  that  they  had  pretended  it  was  no  true 
copy.  She  therefore  now  desired  to  know  of  sir  Thomas 
Smith,  (he  having  been  a  dealer  in  the  same,)  whether  he 
would  justify  it  to  be  true.    He  answered,  that  knowing  the 

F  2 


68         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    great  good-will  that  queen  Elizabeth  did  bear  her,  and  how 
'        much  she  desired  the  good  success  of  that  marriage,  as  a 
Anno  1571.  thing  that  tended  to  the  advancement  of  religion,  and  the 
repose  of  the  French  realm,  he  did  avow  it  to  be  tlie  same, 
and  would  further  be  ready  to  do  any  office  that  might  ad- 
vance the  said  marriage. 


CHAP.  V. 

Scottish  affairs.  Dangers  by  means  of  the  qtteen  of  Scots. 
Walsinghains  intelligence  thereof;  and  advertisement. 
Money  brought  over  from  the  pope  for  her  service.  The 
French  Thing  moves  for  her  liberty.  What  passed  be- 
tween him  and  the  English  ambassadors.  The  Scottish 
queen  practiseth  with  Spain.  Monies  sent  into  Scotland 
for  her  xise  from  France ;  intercepted.  Letters  of  hers 
intercepted,  of  her  depending  upon  Spain ;  and  taking 
that  king  for  her  and  her  son's  and  hingdoms  protector. 
The  Spanish  ambassador  dismissed  by  the  council.  And 
why.  Lord  Burghley  to  the  earl  of  Sh?-ezvsbury,  keeper 
of  the  Scottish  queen.  Bishop  of  Rosse's  book  conce7vi- 
ing  her  title  to  this  croxon.  Answered  by  Glover,  Somer- 
set herald.  Rosse  in  the  Tower.  His  letter  thence  to  the 
lord  treasurer. 

The  danger  JL  HE  Scottish  affairs,  that  touched  the  EngHsh  state  and 

"^^^^^^"^l^*'"!  religion,  were  interwoven  with  those  of  France.     Mary  the 

the  Scottish  queen  of  Scots,  a  zealous  papist,  and  related  to  the  Guisian 

queen.        bigots,  was  uow  in  custody  in  England,  whither  she  had  fled 

from  her  own  subjects.     And  now  all  the  foreign  princes, 

obedient  to  the  see  of  Rome,  were  mightily  concerned  for 

her  deliverance,  and  the  English  nation  at  the  same  time  as 

much  afraid  of  her  liberty.    And  what  danger  accrued  by 

her  appeared  by  a  letter  of  Walsingham,  writ  in  the  begin- 

Letter  of     ning  of  March,  being  still  ambassador  in  France,  viz.  that 

hanram      ^^^  English  there  were  labouring  by  all  means  to  stir  up 

bassador.     foreign  States  to  set  the  Scottish  queen  free ;  and  their  next 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  69 

step,  to  dethrone  queen  Elizabeth,  and  set  the  crown  upon   CHAP. 

Mary's  head.     And  that   however  some  of  their  attempts 

had  failed,  yet  more  were  in  hand.     And  that  there  were  Anno  1571. 

great  numbers,  even  in  the  English  dominions,  heretics  as 

well  as  catholics,  that  had  a  sincere  kindness  and  concern  for 

her.    And  when  in  discourse  between  an  English  Jesuit  in 

France,  named  Darbishire,  and  another  that  pi'etended  him- 48 

self  a  catholic,  (but  was  a  spy,)  he  told  the  Jesuit,  that  for 

his  part  he  could  never  hope  to  see  her  at  liberty,  nor  long 

to  see  her  keep  her  head  upon  her  shoulders :  and  therefore 

could  receive  no  great  comfort  that  way.     "  Well,*"  replied  '^  saying  of 

.  Til  11T1  1        Darbishire 

the  Jesuit,  "  I  tell  you  truly,  that  1  dare  assure  you,  that  the  Jesuit 
"  she  shall  have  no  harm :  for  she  lacketh  no  friends  in  the  c""cfcrning 

her. 

"  English  court.  And  as  for  her  liberty,"  added  he,  "  it 
*'  standeth  all  good  catholics  in  hand  so  much  to  seek  it, 
"  either  by  hook  or  by  crook,  as  no  doubt  but  there  were 
"  some  good  men  that  would  venture  a  joint  to  bring  it  to 
"  pass.  And  that  if  she  were  once  possessed  of  the  crown  of 
"  England,  it  would  be  the  only  way  and  means  to  reform 
"  all  Christendom,  in  reducing  them  to  the  catholic  faith. 
"  And  therefore  you  must  think,"  said  he,  "  that  there  are 
"  more  heads  occupied  in  that  matter  than  English  heads; 
"  and  that  there  are  more  ways  to  the  wood  than  one,  [mean- 
"  ing  the  heads  of  foreign  princes.]  And  therefore  he  bade 
"  him  be  of  good  courage ;  and  ere  ever  one  year  were  at  an 
"  end,  he  should  hear  more." 

The  conclusion  Walsingham  made  of  this  was,  the  great  Waising- 
danger  England  was  in  by  reason  of  that  queen.    That  his  ve,"'is^irie'nt 
conferring  and  weighing  this  with  the  former  intended  prac-  *»  the 
tices,  made  him  think  it  worth  his  advertisement,  that  the  this  emer- 
queen  should  see  how  much  they  built  upon  the  possibility  S^nce. 
of  that  dangerous  woman's  coming  to  the  crown  of  England  : 
whose  life  was  a  step  to  her  majesty's  death.    For  that  they 
reputed   her  an   undoubted  heir,  or  rather  (which  was  a 
greater  danger)  for  a  right  inheritor.   And  though  he  knew, 
as  he  proceeded,  her  mischievous  intentions  were  limited, 
that  they  could  reach  no  further  to  her  majesty's  harm  or 
prejudice   than  should  seem  good  to  God's  providence,  yet 

f3 


70        ANiNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    her  majesty,  he  said,  was  bound,  for  her  own  safety,  and 
that  of  her  subjects,  to  add  to  the  same,  his  good  provi- 
Anno  i57i.dence,  her  poUcy,  so  far  as  might  stand  with  justice. 
Lord  Seton       jr,  March,  the  lord  Seton,  a  ajreat  instrument  for  the  said 

bnngs  over   (-,  .   ,  o        i        i     i        • 

money  from  Scottish  (jueen,  came  to  Scotland,  havmg  escaped  privately 
the  pope,  through  this  realm,  with  a  rebel,  one  of  the  countess  of 
Northumberland's  men ;  the  ship  that  brought  them  over 
being  forced  into  an  haven  in  Essex.  Which  ship  was  forth 
coming,  and  some  of  the  servants,  and  such  secret  writings 
and  devices  of  his,  and  of  the  queen's  rebels,  as  were  left  in 
the  ship,  to  have  been  conveyed  after  him  by  sea  into  Scot- 
land ;  bringing  to  light  such  things  as  contained  dangerous 
practices  against  the  queen  and  state  of  the  realm ;  as  the 
queen  by  letter  informed  Mr.  Randolph,  her  agent  now  in 
Scotland,  dated  March  the  19th.  In  this  expedition,  this 
lord  Seton  had  received  in  Flanders  from  the  pope  20,000 
crowns,  being  now  ready  to  repair  into  Scotland.  This 
money,  whether  it  was  seized  in  the  ship,  or  carried  with 
him,  it  doth  not  appear:  but  no  mention  being  made  of  it 
when  ship  and  papers  were  seized,  he  seems  to  have  got  it 
safe  with  him  into  Scotland. 
Conference       But  the  French  made  earnest  interest  for  her.     For  a 

between  tlie 

French        league  being  now  in   hand  between   the   queen   and   that 
king  and     crown,  and  VValsino-ham  there  resident,  and  sir  Tho.  Smith 

Smith  con-  '  *  ^    .       . 

cerninsrthe  late  come  over  ambassador  [viz.  in  February]  for  that  pur- 
Scotr  "^  pose,  the  king  told  them,  "  That  he  must  have  his  request 
4q"  put  into  the  treaty  for  the  queen  of  Scots,  and  said,  she 
"  was  his  kinswoman  and  his  sister-in-law,  and  was  once  his 
"  sovereign  ;  and  you  know,  said  he,  the  league  between 
"  that  realm  and  my  realm.  I  can  do  no  less  than  have  the 
"  same  inserted  into  the  league.'"  To  which  sir  Tho.  Smith 
said,  that  they  had  no  commission  or  authority  to  treat  of 
any  such  matter.  And  that  as  touching  the  late  queen  of 
Scots,  that  she  was  his  sovereign  once,  thanks  be  to  God, 
said  Smith,  she  is  not  now,  [since  that  queen's  husband  was 
dead,  and  he  advanced  to  be  king.]  AVhereat  the  king 
laughed.  "  And  that  it  was  thought,""  added  Smith,  "  that 
*'  when  she  was  queen  there  in  France,  she  deserved  not 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  71 

"  very  well  of  your  realm  nor  of  your  house.     And  where    CHAP. 
"  the  king  had  said,  she  was  his  kinswoman  ;  so  she  is  also,       ^' 
"  said  Smith,  to  the  queen  my  mistress.     But  if  she  were  Anno  1571. 
"  your  daughter,  or  your  son,  if  he  or  she  would  procure 
"  your  death,  or  to  have  your  crown  from  you,  would  you 
*'  not  see  justice  done  on  him  or  her  that  should  attempt  it, 
"  rather  than  to  be  still  in  danger  .''" 

To  which  I  add,  that  Smith  had  it  in  his  instructions  con-  The  queen's 
cerning  that  queen's  delivery,  that  before  the  time  of  her  Jo^r^s'the 
malicious  attempts  against  the  queen"'s  majesty  were  dis- •^'^""'^h 
covered,  she  did  never  refuse  to  yield  to  reasonable  condi- juiiusj  F.  6. 
tions,  and  an  end  to  be  made  between  both  princesses,  and 
between  her  and  her  subjects  of  Scotland  ;  and  that  this  in- 
tention took  no  effect,  there  was  no  default  in  the  queen  of 
England.    But  since  she  had  dangerously  concluded  a  bar- 
gain to  the  ruin  of  the  queen's  majesty,  there  was  just  cause 
to  detain  her,  until  her  majesty's  surety  should  be  better 
provided. 

Mr.  Henry  Killigrew,  who  was  also  the  queen's  ambassa-  Words  of 
dor,  and  present  at  this  conference  with  the  French  king,  tJ^,',^"^^)^ 
added  to  what  Smith  had  said,  "  That  fire  and  water  could  concerning 
"  not  be  together.     That  one  was  contrary  to  the  other,  into  tlie 
"  That  the   league  was   made  for  a  perpetual  and  strait '^*S"e. 
"  amity  between  him  and  the  queen's  majesty ;  and  that  he 
"  would  not  treat  for  the  queen's  most  mortal  and  dangerous 
"  enemy.     That  this  could  not  stand  together.     That  he 
"  must  take  her  now  for  dead ;  and  that  he  [the  king]  could 
"  not   tell  whether  she   were  dead    or   alive.      And   why, 
"  said  he,  should  you  then  require  her  to  be  put  into  the 
"  league .'"'     For  indeed   the  parliament  had  intended  to 
call  that  queen  into  question,  upon  the  discovery  of  a  plot 
against  queen  Elizabeth,  wherein  she  was  concerned,  as  we 
shall  hear  by  and  by. 

We  meet  with  the  French's  tampering  for  the  Scottish  The  queen 
queen  some  months  past,  viz.  in  September,  when  the  secre-  °*[t,"'t*jfe 
tary  of  the  French  ambassador  comes  to  the  court  (the  queen  French  am- 
now  either  at  Audley  End,  or  Mark  Hall  in  Essex)  for  re-„i^ejdiin'^^n 
lief  of  the  queen  of  Scots,  considering   that  she  had  her  ^'^^^  1"^*"'* 

.  matters. 

F  4 


72        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    number  [of  attendants]  now  lessened.     Whereat  the  queen 
^-         was  offended,  tliat  he  sliould  meddle  with  that  queen's  mat- 
Aiinoi57i.ters;  and  bade  the  lord  Burghley  tell  him,  that  she  could 
l^oi'l  not  like  his  manner  of    intermeddling  with   the  queen  of 

deihLsYhe  Scots'  matters;  considering  her  majesty  found  her  doings 
queen's        r^|^^^  jg  ^    ^Y\e  discoverv  of  the  duke  of  Norfolk's  treason ; 

mind  to        •-  '     J  J 

him.  of  which  by  and  by]  not  only  dangerous  to  lier  quietness, 

but  bent  also  to  depend  upon  other  than  the  French  king, 
[meaning  Spain,  and  other  popish  powers.]     And  therefore 
50  she  required  him  to  forbear,  and  give  her  leave  to  consider 
in  her  own  realm  what  was  meet  for  her  surety.    And  when 
it  should  seem  meet,  it  should  well  appear  that  she  had  done 
nothing  towards  the  queen  of  Scots,  but  in  reason  and  ho- 
nour she  might  have  done  more.     And  so  she  deferred  the 
French  ambassador's  coming  to  her,  [being  now  in  her  pro- 
gress,] till  she  should  be  at  Richmond. 
The  French      About  the  latter  end  of  this  year  the  French  king  inter- 
move  for       ^  J        -j-^  f^^  ^j^g  gjjifl  queen,  that  she  might  be  permitted 

that  (jueen  o  ••  --m-i-iij-i-UJ 

to  pass  to  go  over  to  France.  And  when,  m  March,  Malvesire  had 
into  France,  -j^g-g^^jj  much,  by  the  desire  of  the  French  queen,  that  queen 
Elizabeth  would  send  her  into  France,  Smith  and  Wal sing- 
ham  shewed  him  how  by  her  letters,  lately  seized,  she  had 
practised  with  the  duke  of  Alva,  to  convey  the  young  king 
out  of  Scotland  into  Spain :  and  that  the  original  letters 
thereof  were  shewn  in  England  to  the  king's  ambassadors 
siie  prac-  there.  And  hereupon  they  told  him  how  she  shewed  what 
tiseth  with  ^^Qjj  favour  she  bore  to  Spain,  to  make  a  perpetual  broil,  if 
she  could,  between  England,  Scotland,  and  France :  tor  she 
had  practised  by  letters  since  the  duke  [of  Norfolk's]  trou- 
bles. And  then  they  asked  that  ambassador,  what  would 
she  do  there  in  France,  and  at  liberty,  when  being  straitly 
kept,  and  the  matter  so  plainly  known  how  busy  she  had 
been  ?  And  so  they  desired  Malvesire  to  acquaint  the  king 
with  what  they  had  told  him.  And  when  he  came  again, 
he  brought  word  to  Smith  and  Walsingham,  that  it  was 
true  which  they  told  him ;  and  that  De  la  Motte  had  written 
the  same  from  England  to  the  king.  x\nd  the  king  acknow- 
ledged to  him,  that  it  was  true ;  and  added,  "  Ah !  poor 


Spain. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  73 

'•'■fool,  she  will  never  cease  till  she  lose  her  head.     In  faith,    CHAP. 
"  they  will  put  her  to  death.     I  see  it  is  her  own  fault  and 


"  folly.    I  see  no  remedy  for  it.    I  meant  to  help ;  but  if  she  Anno  1571. 
"  will  not  be  helped,  I  cannot  help  it." 

The  French  ambassador  Viracque  was  this   summer  in  Money  sent 

'-  A       1  secretly  by 

Scotland,  acting  secretly  for  that  queen.     And  a  great  sum  the  French, 
of  money  was  remitted  privately  from  France  to  that  am-  [j ^,^'1^^^^^°*' 
bassador,  to  be  managed  for  her ;  but  by  intelligence  it  be-  intercepted, 
ing  understood,  was  seized  by  the  English.     The  French 
ambassador  laboureth  to  have  his  money  again.     The  lord 
Burghley  answereth  the  ambassador's  secretary,  who  came 
to  him  with  that  message,  that  it  must  be  demanded  of  them 
to  whom  he  delivered  it.     He  came  again,  and  desired  he 
might  have  the  French  king's  money  lately  intercepted,  sent 
to  Viracque.    The  duke  of  Norfolk  had  a  chief  hand  in  the 
conveyance  of  this  money ;  and  some  that  he  employed  in  it, 
out  of  fear,  discovered  it. 

There  was  nothing  as  yet  done  towards  that  queen,  not-  She  is  re- 
withstanding  the  discoveries  against  her,  but  that  she  was  upo|"this, 
restrained  from  having  such  free  conference  and  intelligence  but  honour- 

'^  ,         ,  •  1  •         •    1     ^bly  used. 

as  of  late  she  had  with  the  queen  s  subjects ;  otherwise  right 
honourably  entertained  and  well  used, and  so  the  lord  Burgh- 
ley bade  Walsingham  inform  the  French  king.  I  am  the 
larger  and  more  particular  in  this  relation  of  matters  con- 
cerning Mary  queen  of  Scots,  to  shew  what  just  apprehen- 
sions the  English  court  and  nation  had  of  imminent  dangers 
by  means  of  her  ;  especially  Camden  being  sparing  of  shew- 
ing her  faults,  and  representing  her  as  fair  as  might  be ; 
pubhshing  his  history  in  the  reign  of  her  son. 

As  we  have  therefore  seen  what  concern  France  had  for  5 1 
this  queen,  so  I  shall  proceed  to  relate  the  great  jealousy  ^p^^^Jj^'^f^. 
queen  Elizabeth  had  of  Spain  ;  being  very  zealous  to  deliver  vade  Eng- 
her,  and  (more  than  barely  that  came  to)  to  invade  the 
realm,  and  dethrone  the  queen  herself.     For  letters  of  that 
queen  to  the  king  of  Spain  had  been  intercepted ;  and  so 
much  found  out,  viz.  of  her  sohciting  that  formidable  enemy 
of  the  queen's  to  invade  England.    And  so  in  a  letter  dated  {^""^g^j    .^ 
in  September,  writ  from  the  lord  Burghley  to  Walsingham,  letter  to 


74        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    then  in  France,  he  told  him,  that  he  might  boldly  affirm, 
•         that  her  majesty  was  able  to  prove,  that  the  queen  of  Scots 


Anno  1571. had,  by  advice  of  the  duke  of  Alva,  resolved  to  depend 
Waising-  upon  the  king  of  Spain,  and  to  match  herself  with  Don 
Coinpi.  John  of  Austria,  and  her  son  with  the  king  of  Spain''s 
^"^^'  daughter.     And  this  the  queen  required  her  ambassador  to 

acquaint  the  French  king  with.     And  therefore   that  the 
queen  had  just  cause  to  proceed  otherwise  than  hitherto  she 
had  done,  to  restrain  the  practice  intended  towards  her  by 
that  queen.     And  that  he,  the  ambassador,  should  further 
say  to  the  French  king,  that  she  trusted  that  he  would  ho- 
nourably think  of  her  actions  on  this  account. 
Letters  of        But  what  violences  Spain  intended  upon  the  realm  may 
tish  queen    ^^  taken  knowledge  of  from  sir  Tho.  Smithy's  mouth,  in  his 
seized.  The  relation  made  to  the  queen-mother  of  France,  in  the  month 
th^m.  of  March,  when  things  came  to  be  fully  known  ;  viz.  that  Har- 

wich was  to  have  been  the  port  appointed  for  the  Spaniards 
and  Flemings  to  arrive  at,  from  the  duke  of  Alva,  if  the 
treason  had  gone  forward  in  behalf  of  the  Scottish  queen. 
That  the  lord  Seton  [one  of  the  chief  of  the  Scottish  noble- 
men on  the  queen's  party]  did  arrive  there,  and  from  thence, 
with  two  of  the  earl  of  Northumberland's  men,  went  into 
Scotland,  and  were  at  that  present  in  the  castle  of  Edin- 
burgh. That  that  being  understood,  the  lord  that  brought 
them  was  seized ;  and  among  other  things  found,  there  were 
Compi.  the  Scottish  queen's  letters,  importing,  that  she  gave  herself, 
■^"1^.         and  her  son,  now  king  of  Scotland,  into  the  liands  of  the 

p.  196.  . 

king  of  Spain,  to  be  governed  and  ruled  only  by  him  ;  and 
to  assure  him,  that  if  he  would  send  any  power,  the  young 
king  should  be  delivered  into  his  hands.  For,  by  a  paper 
of  instructions  left  in  the  ship,  it  did  appear,  that  the  lord 
Seton  was  named  the  Scottish  queen's  ambassador  towards 
the  duke  of  Alva,  And  there  in  the  ambassage  he  offered 
the  young  king  to  be  delivered  into  his  hands,  to  be  con- 
veyed into  Spain.  And  to  animate  him  more  to  set  up  the 
Scottish  queen  again,  and  take  the  protection  of  her,  he 
shewed  that  she  had  right,  both  by  God's  laws  and  man's 
laws,  to  be  queen  of  England,  and  also  of  Scotland.     And 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  75 

further,  that  she  had  not  only  all  those  that  were  in  trouble,    CHAP. 

[viz.  papists,  and  such  as  were  concerned  in  the  late  rebel- ; 

lion,]  but  a  great  sort  more  in  England,  on  her  part.     So  Anno  1571. 
that  the  king  [of  Spain]  in  setting  her  up,  would  not  only 
govern  both  these  reahns,  but  should  also  set  up,  in  both,  the 
catholic  religion  again. 

All  this  was  told  by  Smith  to  the  queen-mother :  to  which  The  queen- 

-'  '■         .  1       1        •  mothers 

she  answered,  as  owning,  and  perhaps  privy  to  the  busmess,  saying  con- 
"  Alas!  that  head  of  hers  shall  never  be   quiet."     Smith «"""S »'«'■• 
added,  how  that  in  the  same  ship  where  Seton's  instructions, 
as  aforesaid,  were  taken,  among  other  papers,  a  letter  was  52 
found  of  the  countess  of  Northumberland,  who  was  one  of 
the  chief  stirrers  in  the  last  rebellion,  to  her  husband,  the 
earl,  now  a  prisoner  in  Scotland  for  the  same  cause.     In  The  duke 
which  letter  she  writ  to  the  said  earl,  that  the  duke  of  Guise,  pjotteth 
diso-uised,  had  of  late  been  with  the  duke  of  Alva ;  and  affirm-  ''^'th  d'Ai- 

"^  .  ,         va. 

ed  for  a  certainty,  that  the  duke  of  Guise,  and  that  faction, 
would  follow  in  all  points  the  direction  of  the  king  of  Spain. 

This  correspondence  with  Spain  was  aggravated  on  that  The  circum- 
queen's  part  by  the  circumstance  of  time  when  it  happened,  t[J,""^"{[g„ 
namely,  when  De  Crocque,  the  French  ambassador,  arrived  that  queen 

„       ,        ,       .  ,  .      .  1     1      o      ii       J  i  -J.  sent  her  let- 

in  England  with  commission  to  help  Scotland  to  a  quietness  tg^s,  aggra- 

within  herself,  and  to  confer  with  one  whom  queen  Elizabeth  ^^tes  her 

^  .  fault. 

should  send  for  that  purpose.  Even  at  the  same  time  these 
letters  of  that  queen  to  the  duke  of  Alva  were  intercepted  ; 
whereby  she  gave  herself,  her  realm,  and  her  son,  to  be  in 
the  protection  and  government  of  the  king  of  Spain. 

All  this  was  brought  to  light  by  God's  providence,  the  That  ^ 
ship,  wherein  the  lord  Seton,  with  his  papers  and  credentials,  hl's^uc^tions 
was,  being  driven  by  a  tempest  into  the  English  haven  afore-  to  the  lord 

•  11-,  1  ■        1      1         1      o        •     J   '^^^to"  s«'2- 

said ;  which  was  the  very  port  appointed,  when  the  hpaniards  ed. 

and  Flemings  should  arrive  in  England ;  Seton  himself 
escaping,  being  disguised  in  the  habit  of  a  mariner ;  and  so 
went  thence,  and  came  to  the  castle  of  Edinburgh  in  Scot- 
land. But  a  paper  of  instructions  being  found  aboard  the 
same  ship,  declared,  that  in  the  name  of  her  majesty  [the 
Scottish  queen]  he  had  assured  the  duke  of  Alva,  that  with 
a  small  party  they  might  bring  into  their  hands  the  young 


76         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    king  of  Scotland,  and  so  carry  him  into  Spain.     All  this, 
when  Walsingham  had  related  at  large  to  the  queen-mother 


Anno  1571.  of  France,  it  spoiled  De  Crocque's  message  with  the  king"'s 
letters,  that  required  the  Scottish  queen  to  be  set  at  liberty, 
and  to  be  sent  into  France. 
The  Spa-  But  upon  this  the  queen  and  her  council  would  no  longer 
sadorsent  Suffer  the  ambassador  of  Spain  to  abide  in  her  dominions, 
^^'^)''  having  carried  things  so  deceitfully  and  treacherously  against 

her  majesty ;  so  that  he  was  in  December  sent  for  to  the 
council,  and  in  the  queen''s  name  commanded  to  depart. 
The  same  thing  had  been  often  intended  before,  but  never 
put  in  execution  before  this  present ;  when  the  state  was 
provoked  by  the  intelligence  of  certain  new  practices  within 
And  why.  this  realm,  to  persuade  the  subjects  that  the  king,  his  mas- 
ter, would  aid  them  with  power  this  spring,  and  such  like 
promises.  He  was  dismissed,  and  Mr.  Knolles  appointed  to 
attend  on  him  at  his  house.  This  was  December  the  13th : 
and  he  was  to  depart  by  Dover  to  the  Low  Countries.  But 
he  could  not  be  got  out  of  town  till  the  {i4th,  when  he  went 
to  Greenwich ;  and  on  St.  Stephen''s  day  to  Gravesend.  A 
few  days  after,  he  removed  to  Canterbury.  And  captain 
Hawkins,  one  of  the  queen's  great  sea  officers,  was  ap- 
pointed to  pass  him  over  in  a  ship  of  the  queen's.  After  a 
dangerous  passage  he  came  to  Calais  in  February.  And 
coming  to  Graveling,  to  shew  his  displeasure  against  the 
English  nation,  he  turned  out  all  the  English  that  he  found 
there,  notwithstanding  that  he  knew  that  here  in  England 
remained  monsieur  Sweringham,  at  the  request  of  the  duke 
of  Alva.  This  ambassador,  according  as  some  letters  of 
53  the  lord  Burghley  relate,  had  used  himself  crookedly,  per- 
niciously, and  maliciously  against  the  state,  and  the  chiefest 
of  the  queen's  counsellors,  and  openly  against  that  lord. 
The  (jueea       ^\\  tj^jg  came  out  about  Auffust  and  September,  viz.  how 

orders  the  •       i  ^       i         •  i    i-T  -, 

earl  of  the  Scottish  queen  practised  both  with  trance  and  Spain, 
fo  eT!«ti7  ^"^  ^^^  popp?  and  also  with  the  duke  of  Norfolk,  unhappily 
late  with  brought  iuto  this  business,  and  several  other  of  the  queen's 
orscots^      own  English  subjects ;  not  only  to  procure  her  own  escape, 

now  under  jj^t  to  embroil  her  maiesty's  kingdom  in  a  war,  and  in  an 

his  custody.  j       j  o 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  77 

endeavour  to  dethrone  her.     Therefore  the  queen  consulted    CHAP. 
for  the  keeping  that  queen  more  straitly,  and  more  con- 


fined in  Tutbury  castle.    And  the  cliarge  of  her  being  com- Anno  is?  i. 

mitted  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  her  majesty,  provoked  by 

these  practices,  gave  order  to  the  said  earl  to  expostulate 

with  her  freely  and  plainly,  to  urge  her  to  speak  what  she 

could  for  herself;  giving  the  lord  Burghley  commission  to 

write  to  him  to  that  intent.    Whose  letter  accordingly  ran 

to  this  tenor. 

"  That  after  he  had  closed  up  his  letters,  her  majesty  Lord 
"  willed  him  to  let  his  lordship  understand,  that  she  would  ^"t?rVo  him 
"  have  him  use  some  round  speech  to  the  queen  of  Scots  in  for  that  par- 
"  this  sort ;  that  it  was  now  fully  discovered  to  her  majesty  fnJ^epist. 
"  what  practices  that  queen  hath  had  in  hand,  both  with  the  ^o™- ^»'«p> 

i^  1  IT  p"^  oibc.  ar- 

"  duke  of  Norfolk  and  others,  upon  the  sendmg  away  of  mor. 
"  Ridolphi  [the  pope's  secret  agent  here,  under  the  show  of 
"  an  Italian  merchant]  into  Spain.  And  though  it  were 
*'  known  to  her  majesty  by  writings  extant,  in  deliberation, 
"  what  were  best  for  hei-  to  do  for  her  escape  out  of  this 
"  realm,  and  thereof  caused  the  duke  of  Norfolk  to  be  con- 
"  ferred  withal,  and  that  she  chose  rather  to  go  into  Spain 
"  than  into  Scotland  or  France ;  yet  her  majesty  thought  it 
"  now  just  cause  to  be  offended  with  these  devices,  tending 
"  to  her  liberty  :  neither  was  she  offended  with  her  purpose 
"  to  offer  her  son  in  marriage  to  the  king  of  Spain's  daughter. 
"  In  which  matter  the  late  queen  of  Spain  had  solicited  her ; 
"  neither  that  she  sought  to  make  the  king  of  Spain  believe 
"  that  she  would  give  ear  to  the  offer  of  Don  John  de 
"  Austria.  But  the  very  matter  of  offence  was,  that  her 
"  majesty  understood  certainly  her  labours  and  devices  to 
"  stir  up  a  new  rebellion  in  this  realm,  and  to  have  the  king 
"  of  Spain  to  assist  it.  And  that  finding  the  said  queen  so 
"  bent,  she  must  not  think  but  that  her  majesty  had  cause  to 
"  alter  her  courteous  dealing  with  her. 

"  And  so  in  this  sort  (continued  that  lord)  her  majesty 
"  would  have  you  tempt  her  patience  to  provoke  her  to  an- 
"  swer  somewhat.  For  of  all  these  premises  her  majesty  is 
"  certainly  assured,  and  of  much  more."     He  adds,  "  Her 


78         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  majesty  told  me  a  while  ago,  that  a  gentleman  of  my  lord 
____!___"  of  ^ coming  to  your  house,  was  by  your  lordship 


Anno  1571."  asked,  whether  he  had  seen  the  queen  of  Scots,  or   no. 
»  I  dare  not  «  ^„j  j^g  gg\A    Ty^     Then,  ouoth  your  lordship,  vou  shall 

name  the  .  \   ^  •     .  ... 

party.  "  see  her  anon.     Which  offer  her  majesty  misliking,  I  said, 

"  that  I  durst  say  it  was  not  true  in  this  manner.     I  per- 

"  ceive  her  majesty  would  have  the  queen  kept  very  straitly 

"  from  all  conference :  insomuch,  that  it  is  more  like  that 

"  she  shall  be  committed  to  ward,  rather  than  have  more 

"  liberty."     And  then  he  advised  the  earl  to  send  up  the 

names  of  those  servants  that  should  remain  about  her,  and 

of  such  as  should  depart.    This  was  writ  in  September. 

54      The  bishop  of  Ross,  the  Scottish  queen'^s  agent,  being  a 

Ross°in"^     very  busy  man,  and  being  privy  to  all  these  dangers  to  the 

tody,  the     realm,  was,  August  the  17th,  carried   to  Ely,  to  be  there 

.Scots' a-      ^^^^^  ^^^'^  bishop.     And  in  October  he  was  brought  from 

gent.  Ely  to   London,  and   the   next   month  committed  to  the 

Tower :    and  there,  upon   examination,  he   uttered  many 

things  very  plainly ;  but  concerning  the  queen  of  Scots  her 

application  to   Spain,  and   the  expected  assistance  thence, 

and  concerning  the  duke  of  Norfolk's  treason,  nothing.  This 

bishop  of  Ross  (that  I  may  mention  it  here)  ^vrote  a  book 

in  Latin  for  the  Scottish  queen''s  title  to  this  crown :  which 

Glover,    Somerset   herald,  a  learned  man,   answered  in  a 

large  discourse,   never,   I  think,  printed,   about  the  year 

His  defence  1580.     It  beginncth  thus :   "  A  few  years  past  the  bishop 

queen's  title"  ^^  Ross,  being  agent  for  the  queen  his  mistress,  to  our 

to  this         "  sovereign  lady,  the  queen''s  maiesty,  wrested  his  wits  (with 

crown ;  an-    ^     ,  ?  n  ■       i  p     ,  •      i        ix  • 

swered  by        t"e  assistance  or  certam  lawyers  or  this  land)  to  write  a 
Glover,  So-  a  discourse  in  defence  of  the  queen  of  Scots'  title  to  the 

merset.  ^         .  ... 

OfKc.  He-  "  crown  of  this  realm.  Which  his  discourse  being  then 
press^  '^'  "  hatched  in  a  dangerous  time  of  practices  and  rebellions, 
'*  and  with  a  malicious  intent  against  her  majesty  and  her 
"  estate,  is  now,  after  many  years  mewing,  let  fly  abroad 
"  into  the  world,  in  the  like  time,  and  with  like  intent.  For 
"  what  other  cause  than  malice  to  her  majesty  can  be  ima- 
"  gined  to  move  this  man,  after  so  many  years  suppression, 
"  to  publish  his  discourse  at  this  present,  and  that  in  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  79 

"  Latin  tongue,  and  to  all  the  estates  of  Europe?  May  it    CHAP. 
"  be  thought  so  long  to  have  stayed  in  his  hands,  because  he . 


could  never,  until  now,  find  in  his  heart  to  advance  his^^""°  i^'^^- 
"  mistress's  title  to  the  eye  of  the  world  ?   It  were  no  reason 
"  to  charge  him  with  so  careless  a  mind  of  her  prosperity 
"  and  happiness,  &c. 

"  1  must  needs  be  of  opinion,  that  the  present  publica- Why  Ross 
"  tion  proceedeth  hereof:  that  he  being  persuaded  that  this  ^^■^^  y^^^\^  ^^ 
"  year,  1580,  some  great  attempt  should  be  made  by  the  ti>at  parti- 

•^  ',  .  ,f  .  ,  .  :    ,        cular  time. 

"  pope  and  his  adherents,  agamst  her  majesty  and  her 
"  estate;  and  no  whit  doubting  but  that  his  mistress''s 
"  cause  should  by  that  greatest  colour  thereof  appear ; 
"  thought  good  (that  the  pope''s  and  his  adherents  enter- 
"  prise  might  seem  the  juster)  to  publish  at  this  present 
"  her  title  to  the  crown  of  this  realm ;  meaning  not  only  to 
"  prove  her  heir  apparent  to  the  crown,  after  her  majesty"'s 
"  death,  but  presently  queen  de  Jure,  by  a  popish  conse- 
"  quent,  even  in  her  majesty's  life.  For  that  the  Anti- 
"  christ  of  Rome  hath  deposed  her,  and  pronounced  her  no 
"  queen,""  &c. 

And  as  this  was  the  author's  exordium  to  his  MS.  tract.  The  conciu- 
so  I  will  subjoin  his  conclusion :  "  Thus  have  I  plainly  answer, 
"  proved  the  title  of  the  crown  of  England  to  be  examin- 
"  able  by  the  common  laws  of  the  realm,  and  none  other. 
"  And  by  the  same  laws  all  strangers  to  be  barred  from 
"  claiming  any  interest  therein :  and  further,  the  queen  of 
"  Scots  to  be  a  mere  stranger ;  and  therefore  her  title  to  be 
"  of  no  account.  I  have  further  answered  all  Ross's  vain 
"  objections.  I  have  confuted  his  examples ;  and,  I  trust, 
"  satisfied  the  world,  that  if  any  man  have  been  heretofore 
"  persuaded  his  mistress's  title  to  be  any  thing,  he  will  now 
"  alter  his  mind,  and  condemn  it  as  nothing."  Whether 
there  were  any  things  in  this  book  that  made  it  advisable 
not  to  publish  it,  let  others  inquire.  55 

This  bishop  of  Ross  I  find  lying  in  the  Tower  till  July  T^e  bishop 

^  ./      o  •'of  Ross  in 

the  next  year ;  and  then,  by  means  of  the  mild  lord  trea-  the  Tower, 
surer,  he  seems  to  have  his  liberty  granted.     In  which  month  [/j^fncg^to"^ 
he  wrote  to  that  lord  a  letter  to  this  tenor :   "  That  he  had  the  lord 


80         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  put  his  lordship  in  remembrance,  a  fortnight  past,  by  a 
^'        "  letter,  of  his  cause,  committing  the  same  to  his  lordship''s 


Anno  1571. "  hands,  having  none  of  his  own  to  suit  for  him  at  this  time. 
"  And  thinketh  me  debt  bound  grietly  for  your  gentle  and 
^'  gud  aunswer  sent  unto  me.  And  although  I  have  not 
"  heard  of  the  resolution  taken  thairin,  yet  I  abstained  to 
"  trouble  your  lordship,  being  persuade  with  me,  that  as 
"  time  and  occasion  should  serve,  to  have  gud  expedition 
"  thairof ;  chiefly  be  the  queen''s  princely  nature  and  gud- 
"  ness,  with  your  lordship's  labours  and  patience.  And  now, 
"  my  gud  lord,  I  trust  the  tyme  is  fuUie  comin  to  put  an  end 
"  thairto,  &c.  I  pray  theternal  God  to  preserve  your  lord- 
"  ship.    At  the  Tour,  the  17th  day  of  July,  1572. 

"  Your  lordship's  aftectionat  to  command  with  service, 

"  Jo.  Rossen.'' 


CHAP.    VI. 

Amity  judged  more  advisable  xvith  Fiance  than  Spain. 
Treaty  with  France.  Aid  required  in  case  of  invasion 
for  religion.  The  Loxv  Countries.,  in  conference  between 
count  Lodoivic  and  Walsingham  at  Paris,  move  for  the 
queens  assistance.  Spain  plays  the  tyrant.  Aiguments 
used  to  move  the  queen  on  their  behalf.  Archbishop  of 
CassilSf  a  pensioner  of  Spain,  comes  to  Walsingham  at 
Paris.  False.  A  rebellion  in  Ireland,  hatching  in 
France.  The  French  Icing  and  queen-mother  privy  to 
it.    Deny  it  to  the  English  ambassadors. 

IN  O W  it  came  to  be  maturely  deliberated,  whether  of  the 
tion  about   j.^^.^  nations,  Spain  or  France,  it  were  more  advisable,  and 

Spain  and  '      ^  '  ' 

France.  for  the  profit  of  England,  to  enter  into  alliance  with.  This 
consultation  was  consequent  upon  the  goingoff  of  the  match 
^vith  France :  and,  it  seems,  the  potency  of  Spain  made  the 
queen  somewhat  dubious  to  which  prince  to  offer  her  amity. 
Walsingham,  the  queen's  ambassador  in  France,  was  uneasy 
at  these  counsels,  and  thus  shewed  his  thoughts  in  this  mat- 


Delibera- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  "  81 

ter  unto  the  earl  of  Leicester:  "  That  if  tlie  dangerous   CHAP. 
"  greatness  of  the  house  of  Austria  were  well  considered,  " 

"  the  miscontentments  they  had  in  respect  of  the  injuries  Anno  1571. 
"  received,  Ti.  e.  from  England,!  their  natural  inclination  to^*'f"S- 

'   L  o  'J  ham's 

"  revenge,  and  the  unseen  traffic  of  our  merchants  at  pre-  thoughts 
"  sent,  [he  seems  to  mean  the  small  traffic  they  had  then  in  "  '  * 
"  Flanders.]     These  considerations  v/ell  weighed,  the  cause 
"  may  seem  somewhat  altered,   [from  what  it  was  before- 
"  time,  in  the  benefit  of  the  ancient  leagues  between  Eng-  56 
"  land  and   Burgundy.]     And  that  though  France  could 
"  not  yield  like  profit  that  Flanders  did,  yet  might  it  yield 
"  some  profit,  with  less  hazard  and  more  safety.     That  in 
"  this  cause  he  considered  two  things  chiefly  :  first,  that  the 
"  house  of  Austria  was  become  the  pope"'s  champion,  and  Austria  the 
"  the  professed  enemy  unto  the  gospel,  and  daily  practised  champion. 
"  the  rooting  out  of  the  same :   and  therefore  that  we,  that 
"  were  protestants,   ought  to  oppose  ourselves  against  it. 
"  The  other,  that  the  entrance  into  the  league  with  France 
"  would  not  only  be  an  advancement  of  the  gospel  there, 
"  but  elsewhere."      [So  good   Mr.  Walsingham  then  con- 
ceived, and  so  did  every  protestant  beside :  so  closely  and 
treacherously  were  the  cruel  designs  of  that   French  king 
carried.]     And  therefore  he  concluded,  "  That  though  it 
"  yielded   not  so  much  temporal  profit,  yet  in  respect  of 
"  the  spiritual  fruit  that  thei'eby  might  ensue,  he  thought  it 
"  worthy  the  embracing.    Or  rather  to  say  better,  I  think, 
"  saith  he,  we  have  cause  to  thank  God  that  ofFereth  us  so 
"  good  occasion  both  to  advance  his  glory,  and  also  to  pro- 
"  vide  for  her  majesty ""s  safety." 

A  sure  amity  therefore  with  France  was  now  transacting  ^  league 
by  our  ambassadors  there,  in  the  midst  of  these  fears  at  between 
home.    And  among;  the  articles  drawn  up  for  the  league  be-  E°gl^"'i 

'^  Til  I     ,  and  France. 

tween  France  and  England,  queen  Elizabeth  propounded 
one  that  was  very  strange  at  this  juncture,  namely,  in  favour 
of  the  king  of  Spain,  to  make  provision  for  his  safety.  This 
was  much  disgusted  by  the  French ;  who  shewed,  that  the 
end  of  this  treaty  was  only  to  bridle  his  greatness.  And 
therefore  to  provide  for  his  .safety,  who  sought  both  their 

VOL.  II.  G 


ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    destructions,  they  could  not  tell  what  it  meant;  especially 
since  of  late  he  had  no  way  deserved  any  such  favour  at  the 


Catholic 
league. 


Anno  1571.  queen\s  hands.  "  Therefore,  (as  Walsingham  in  his  corre- 
Waising-  ii  spondence  did  write,)  if  her  majesty  thought  that  prince 
to  lord  "  [viz.  the  French  king]  was  of  any  value,  who  was  towards 
Burghiey.  a  ^|j  ^^^^j^  sincere,  [so  he  now  appeared,]  toward  her  ma- 
"  jesty  well  affected,  towards  religion  plus  inimicus,  she 
"  should  not  balance  him  in  one  balance  with  Spain  :  who 
"  was  of  words  insincere,  in  affection  towards  her  majesty 
"  maliciously  bent,  and  the  common  enemy  to  our  religion. 
"  That  if  her  majesty  meant  to  take  profit  of  Spain''s  friend- 
"  ship,  the  next  way  should  be  to  strengthen  herself  with 
*'  the  amity  of  others,  in  such  sort  as  she  should  have  no 
"  need  of  it.  For  that  was  the  nature,'""  said  he,  "  of  a  proud 
"  man,  to  make  best  account  of  him  that  least  esteems  him  : 
"  for  whosoever  yieldeth  to  him  increaseth  his  pride.  Which 
"  thing  those  that  dealt  with  the  Spanish  nation  found  to  be 
"  most  true." 

He  added,  "  That  so  long  as  the  late  catholic  league  did 
"  remain  in  force,  neither  her  majesty,  nor  any  other  princes 
"  of  the  religion,  could  promise  themselves  any  thing  at 
"  Spain's  hands,  but  as  much  mischief  as  he  could  do  them. 
"  Which  thing  her  majesty,  with  the  rest,  should  find  to  be 
"  true  by  too  dear  an  experience,  if  the  same  w  ere  not  holpen 
"  by  some  counter-league." 

This  treaty  with  France  was  for  a  mutual  assistance  of 
each  other  in  case  of  invasion,  chiefly  feared  from  king 
Philip.  And  in  that  article  the  queen  required  it  to  be 
thus  expressed ;  Etiavisi  J^uent  \invasid\  reUgionis  causa 
^*J praitcxtu  aiit  colore.  Which  clause  stuck.  The  queen,  in 
her  instructions  to  Smith,  would  very  earnestly  that  he 
should  press  this  ;  and  to  cause  those  of  the  religion  there 
to  understand  the  demand,  and  to  help  to  further  it.  But 
that  if  he  could  not  obtain  these  words  to  be  inserted,  then 
to  run  in  more  general  words.  Sub  quocunque  prcBtextu,  vcl 
colore  et  quavis  de  causa :  and  in  some  secret  manner  to 
move,  that  some  special  promise  might  be  made  in  a  secret 
writing  betwixt  tlie  king  and  the  queen,  signed  mutually 


An  article 
in  the 
treaty,  in 
case  of  in- 
vasion for 
religion. 


I 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  83 

with  both  their  hands,  for  that  purpose  expressly,  if  any  in-    CHAP, 
vasion  should  be  made.    And  without  this  the  queen  would       ^^' 
not  have  her  ambassador  to  accord.  Anno  1571. 

But  this  the  king  would  not  comply  with  ;  as  likewise  to  The  French 
sign  any  private  assurance  about  it  between  the  queen  and  n'ot'conipiy 
him.     But  he  said  he  would  write  a  private  letter  to  her,  ^^'''.''  that 
assuring  her  of  it.     This,  Walsingham  (who  was  deceived 
with  this  dissembling  prince,  and  was  apt  to  think  well  of 
him)  thought  the  queen  might  be  contented  with,  for  the 
great  benefit  of  a  league,  offensive  and   defensive;  as  he 
wrote  to  the  earl  of  Leicester.     "  We  can,"  writeth  Wal- Waising- 
singham,  "  by  no  means  draw  the  king  to  any  other  inter-  y■^^.Q_ 
'  pretation  of  the  meaning,  touching  the  point  of  religion, 
'  than  by  private  letter.    That  for  his  own  private  opinion, 
'  seeing  this  league  was  to  endure  but  during  the  life  of  the 
'  two  princes,  and  that  the  substance  of  all  leagues  con- 
'  sisted  chiefly  in  the  sincerity  of  the  matters,  and  that  this 
'  prince  had  given  great  show  to  the  world  of  great  sin- 
'  cerity,    [the  greater  hypocrite,]  he  thought  that  private 
*  letter  did  bind  as  much  in  honour,  as  any  other  instru- 
'  ment  or  contract  that  passed  between  them  could  do  in 
'  law.     For  if  they  should  break,  the  matter  was  not  to  be 
'  tried   in   the  chamber    emperial   by  way  of  pleading  of 
'  what  value  the  instruments  were.     God  and  the  sword 
'  must  be  judges.     That  if  her  majesty  could  content  lier- 
'  self  with  this  private  interpretation  of  the  king's  meaning, 
'  then  if  she  would  please  to  use  some  words  of  assurance 
'  towards  the  ambassador  at  her  court,  of  the  great  good 
'  opinion  she  had  of  the  king's  sincerity,  and  that  she  built 
'  more  upon  his  word  than  upon  contracts,  he  knew  nothing 
'  could  more  content  him.     For  he  desired,  he  said,  to  be  a 
'  prince  that  esteemed  his  word  and  honour  above  his  life. 
'  Besides,  he  wished  himself  to  be  in  her  majesty's  good 
'  opinion,  before  all  other  princes.     And  had  often  taken  The  king's 
'  occasion  to  say,  that  he  hoped  there  would  be  no  less  ^^I'-Tsteeru'V 
'  nest  good-will  and  strait  amity  between  him  and  her,  than  the  queen. 
'  was  between  her  grandfather  and  his  grandfather." 
To  nourish  this  opinion  of  amity  between  them,  Walsing- 


84         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   ham  took  it,  as  he  said,  to  be  the  office  of  all  those  who 

^'        truly  loved  their  majesties;    "as  that  league  that  tended 

Anno  1571."  greatly  to  both  their  sureties,  being  knit  together  in  per- 

"  feet  amity  :   which,  beside  their  particular  safety,  would 

"  breed  a  great  repose  in  all  Europe,  especially  for  the  cause 

'*  of  religion." 

Low  Coun-      About  this  time,  while  Walsingham  was  in   Paris,  the 

p"ps3Pj.  so.  queen  was  solicited  by  those  of  the  Low  Countries,  griev- 

licit  the      ously  oppressed  by  Spain,  to  protect  them.    Count  Lodo- 

wic,  of  Nassau,  (brother  to  the  prince  of  Orange,)  who 

came  with  a  message  to  the  French  king,  having  agreed 

with  Walsingliam  upon  a  private  conference,  came  to  him 

in  the  month  of  August,  to  discourse  some  secret  points,  for 

5  8  setting  those  covmtries  free  of  that  tyranny.    With  which 

that  English  gentleman  was  so  taken,  that  he  called  him  in 

one  of  his  letters,  the  rarest  gentleman  with  whom  he  had 

Count  Lo-  talked  since  he  came  into  France.     The  count  shewed  him 

Nassau's      ^^  large  how  the  king  of  Spain  was  setting  up  violently  the 

conference  inquisition  against  papists  and  protestants ;  who  all  disliked 

singham      it.    And  that  they  saw  him  establishing  an  arbitrary  power 

about  the    Qyer  them,  who  were  a  free  people.     He  offered  the  queen 

tyranny  of  ;  .  . 

Spain.  Zealand,  in  case  she  would  come  to  their  assistance.  He 
shewed  our  ambassador,  that  the  cause  in  the  Low  Coun- 
tries proceeded  only  upon  that  the  king  of  Spain  sought  to 
plant  there,  by  inquisition,  the  foundation  of  a  most  horri- 
ble tyranny,  the  overthrow  of  all  freedom  and  liberty ;  a 
thine;  which  his  father  Charles  V.  went  about  to  have  esta- 
blished  there.  But  seeing  the  same  so  much  impugned  by 
the  inhabitants  of  the  said  countries,  and  that  without  con- 
sent it  could  not  be  received,  vmless  he  would  violently,  by 
tyranny,  seek  the  establishment  of  the  same,  contrary  both 
to  his  oath  and  their  privileges,  he  forbore  to  proceed  in  that 
behalf.  They  saw  it  would  overthrow  all  foreign  traffic,  by 
which  that  country  was  chiefly  maintained.  And  this  they 
urged  to  the  cardinal  of  Arras,  who  by  sundry  ways  prac- 
tised to  plant  the  said  inquisition,  and  by  persuasion  would 
have  induced  the  people  to  like  thereof.  And  when  persua- 
sions would  not  do,  he  endeavoured   to  do  it  bv  violence: 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  85 

for  the  emperor  had  given  but  a  cold  ear  to  them  at  the  as-    CHAP, 
sembly  at  Spires,  where  they  related  their  grievances. 


Thus  when  they  saw  themselves  (as  the  count  proceeded  ^uno  1571. 
in  his  relation)  void  of  all  help,  their  natural  prince  being  ^^.''5^^^^"^^ 
carried  away  by  corruption  of  counsel,  from  the  due  consider-  "^  tiieir 

1111  1         •  1  />  1        1     taking  arms. 

ation  that  belonged  to  a  good  prmce  toJiave  01  good  sub- 
jects, as  he  neither  regarded  his  oath,  nor  maintenance  of 
such  privileges  as  were  confirmed  by  his  predecessors,  nor 
the  dutiful  manner  of  the  proceeding  of  the  nobility,  in 
seeking  by  way  of  humble  petition  to  redress  their  griefs, 
they  thought  their  consciences  discharged  from  all  duty  of 
obedience.    And  on  this*  occasion  the  people  took  arms. 

'  Count  Lodowic  had  first  applied  himself  to  the  French  Propositions 
king  this  year,  to  take  this  people  into  his  protection,  and  to  ^q  t^e 
procure  their  deliverance  from   the  present  tyranny.     To  1"'^'="  f'°"^ 
which  he  seemed  inclinable,  on  condition  the  queen  of  Eng-  dowic. 
land  might  be  brought  to  be  a  party,  and  to  join  with  him 
and  the  princes  of  Germany  in  the  same  enterprise.     And    , 
this  he  privately  acquainted  Walsingham  withal ;  and  that 
he  should  move  it  to  her  as  from  himself.     And  then  to 
propound  to  her  majesty,  on  his  behalf,  these  particulars 
following.     I.  Whether  she  could  be   content  to  join  with 
him  and  the  prince  of  Orange  in  the  enterprise.    II.  Whe- 
ther upon  former  assurance  offered,  she  could  be  content  to 
lend  unto  them  the  sum  they  required.     III.  That  it  would 
please  her  majesty  to  suffer  captain  Hawkins  underhand  to 
serve  them  with  certain  ships ;  and  also  to  license  them  to 
furnish  them  with  certain  victuals  to  be  transported  from 
thence,  whereof  they  had  present  need. 

He  further  backed  his  request  with   these  arguments ;  Arguments 
that  it  would  be  no  less  honour  for  her  to  unite  Zealand  ""^  *'^f 

queen  s  as- 

[which  had  been  offered  her]  to  the  crown  of  England,  than  sistance  of 
it  was  dishonour  to  her  sister  to  lose  Calais.  And  that  by  ^  ^' 
having  Zealand,  she  would  have  the  key  of  the  Low  Coun- 
tries, and  a  place  always  for  her  ships  to  enter  in  unto ;  to 
avoid  thereby  the  danger  of  the  enemy,  as  also  of  any  tem- 
pests ;  and  other  considerations.  And  that  this  enterprise 
being  done  by  protestants,  the  receiving  the  honour  thereof, 

g3 


86         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    should  be  better  able,  by  increase  of  credit  with  the  French 
________  king,  to  continue  his  good  devotion  towards  the  queen,  in  re- 

Auuo  1571  spect  of  the  rare  favours  they  had  received  at  her  hands, 
which  they  did  and  would  always  acknowledge.     And  fur- 
ther, that  the  queen  would  consider  how  ill  affected  Spain 
was  towards  her ;  how  naturally  they  inclined  to  revenge, 
though  outwardly,  till  convenient  time  served,  they  could 
dissemble  their  malice ;  how  that  king  entertained  rebellious 
subjects  of  her  majesty,  at  his  great  cost,  and  how  he  was 
become  a  protector  of  the  queen  of  Scots,  the  queen's  dan- 
gerous enemy. 
Comrauni-       This  was  all  communicated  in  the  month  of  August  by 
court  by      AValsiugham,  as  advantageously  as  he  could,  both  to  Burgh- 
Waising-     jp^  ^^^^  Leicester:  who  extremely  approved  of  it,  and  re- 
solved to  move  it  to  the  queen  as  effectually  as  they  could. 
But  the  queen  could  not  be  persuaded  to  meddle  any  fur- 
ther in  this  matter,   unless  to  be  a  mediator,  till  several 
years  after. 
Instructions      Concerning  the  archbishop  of  Cassil,  or  Cashell,  (whose 
ham  coii-'^  repair  to  Walsingham  we  spake  of  under  the  last  year,)  he 
cermngthe  \^^^  instructions  Sent  him  to  use  his  interest  to  set  him  into 

arcnDisliop  .    .  .  .  '^ 

of  Cashei.  the  queen''s  dominions ;  which  that  archbishop  seemed  to  be 
very  desirous  of,  in  case  he  might  have  the  queen's  par- 
don, and  his  bishopric  restored  to  him  again.  The  earl  of 
Leicester  had  directed  the  ambassador  to  labour  to  deal  so 
with  him  as  to  bring  him  into  England :  for  they  suspected 
the  man  as  a  practiser  with  Spain,  notwithstanding  his  pre- 
tences. And  he  received  instructions  from  the  queen  about 
him,  viz.  that  she  did  not  so  much  disallow  of  his  recjuest  of 
her  pardon,  and  for  the  restitution  of  his  bishopric,  as  of  the 
slender  manner  of  his  suit ;  as  he  had  signified  it  to  Wal- 
singham. And  that  if  he  would  not  humbly  desire  pardon 
of  his  offences,  and  shew  himself  repentant,  and  disposed  to 
live  hereafter  in  Ireland,  like  a  faithful  subject,  she  meant 
not  to  bestow  upon  him  either  pardon  or  bishopric.  And 
this  Walsingham  was  to  let  him  know,  and  to  express  the 
same  to  him  in  such  sort  as  lie  should  see  cause.  Other- 
wise there  was  no  great  account  to  be  made  of  him  ;  nor 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  87 

was  he  of  kin  to  the  earl  of  Desmond,  as  he  alleged,  nor  of   CHAP, 
any  credit  in  England.    And  yet  that  she  was  content  to . 


draw  him  home  by  means  not  dishonourable.  Anno  1571. 

The  lord  Burghley  gave  him  no  better  a  style  than  ifA(?  The  charac- 
Inod  lozel  of  Ireland.     And  this  not  without  reason  :  for  archbishop, 
there  were  no  small  grounds  to  suspect  this  archbishop  to ''^^^^'^^^^^ 
be,  notwithstanding  all  his  pretences,  false  to  the  queen  ;  for 
he  had  a  great  interest  with  the  queen's  professed  enemies, 
and  had  large  allowances  from  the  king  of  Spain.    For  when 
one  captain  Thomas,  an  Irishman,    (but  a  spy  for  Wal- 
singham,)  upon  that  bishop's  desire,  got  him  access  to  the 
cardinal  of  Loraine,  [who  was  of  the  house  of  the  Guises,] 
they  talked  together  for  the  space  of  two  hours.    And  when 
he  departed,  he  told  not  the  said  captain  what  their  discourse 
was,  but  only  that  there  might  be  some  occasion  afterwards  60 
to  employ  him  [the  captain]  in  some  good  service ;   [that  is,' 
in  some  insurrection  in  Ireland,  which  was  now  a  hatching.] 
And  that  therefore  he  should  do  well  to  make  such  report 
of  him,  [the  archbishop,]  that  he  might  grow  into  credit  in 
that  court.     And  that  he  should  say,  that  the  archbishop 
was  a  man  of  a  noble  family,  and  of  great  reputation  in  that 
country  :  and  that  Ireland  of  itself  was  but  weak,  and  easy 
to  be  o-otten  by  the  enemy.     All  this  the  captain  afterwards 
made  Walsingham  privy  to ;  who  appointed  the  said  cap- 
tain to  attend  upon  him.     This  archbishop  also  had  told 
that  ambassador's  servant,  that  the  king  of  Spain  had  enter- 
tained him   honourably;  having  had,  during  the   time  of  A  pensioner 
his  abode  there,  besides  2000  ducats  for  an  annual  pension,  *°  ^P*'"' 
sometimes  100,  sometimes  200,  sometimes  300  ducats,  when 
the  court  did  remove.    And  he  related  moreover,  that  D'Alva 
had  offered  36,000  ducats  for  the  earl  of  Northumberland, 
(the  queen's  rebel,)  who  was  then  a  prisoner  in  Scotland. 
So  well  was  this  archbishop  acquainted  with  the  Spanish 
affairs. 

The  queen  also,  in  another  letter  of  instructions  to  the  Encouraged 

,  .       •  n     -t  1  •  1  •  ^      •  tUt^o  come 

said   ambassador,   signified  to  him,  that  considering    that  j^^^,  g^^. 
party,  and  the  profit  that  might  ensue  by  his  discovering  of  land  ^by  the 
the  practices,  wherewith  he  was  so  truly  acquainted,  she  was 

G  4 


88         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  content,  that  if  he  meant  dutifully  to  ask  pardon,  as  he  pre- 
tended  by  his  speech,  then  the  ambassador  sliould  give  him 
Anno  1571.  comfort  to  Continue  the  same  dutifulness  and  loyal  mean- 
ing, and  provoke  him  to  make  repair  into  England,  and  to 
assure  him  that  he  should  not  find  lack  of  grace,  if  he  hum- 
bly desired  it,  and  by  his  truth  hereafter  deserved  it.  And 
to  add,  that  he  the  ambassador  had  power  from  the  queen 
(to  whom  he  had  written  about  him)  to  warrant  him  to 
come  into  her  realm  safely,  and  to  make  his  means  unto  the 
queen  for  her  favour.  And  that  if  he  would  shew  himself 
penitent  for  his  former  fault,  and  be  disposed  hereafter  to 
live  dutifully,  he  should  be  provided  of  as  good  a  living  as 
heretofore  he  had.  And  that  if  he  obtained  not  of  the 
queen  at  his  coming  according  to  his  liking,  the  ambassador 
would  give  him  his  warrant  under  his  hand  to  return  safely 
out  of  the  realm.  Which  manner  of  usance  the  ambassador 
should  tell  him  was  very  rare  in  the  queen.  But  that  upon 
his  instance  she  had  yielded  thereunto.  And  so  accordingly 
the  ambassador  was  ordered  to  give  him  such  a  warrant 
under  his  liand.  But  that  if  he  [the  ambassador]  found 
that  the  other  had  sovight  but  to  abuse  him,  as  by  his  letters 
there  was  some  reason  to  doubt,  then  to  forbear  to  deal 
with  him  in  the  former  sort.  But  yet  to  procure  as  much 
intelligence  as  he  miglit  from  him,  and  to  discover  his  con- 
tinuance in  falsehood  and  practice  there,  as  he  could  see 
occasion  for  it,  and  could  gather  matter  against  him,  to  deal 
with  the  king  there,  that  he  might  be  delivered  as  an  open 
known  rebel  and  traitor,  especially  in  those  practices  used 
by  him  in  Spain.  And  that  there  was  the  more  cause  to 
doubt  his  lewdness,  because  Rogers,  that  brought  the  am- 
bassador's last  letters,  met  with  an  Irishman  about  St. 
Deny's,  who  told  him  that  the  archbishop  had  been  secretly 
at  the  court,  and  was  ready  to  be  despatched  away  into 
Spain  by  the  means  of  the  cardinal  of  I^orain. 
61  This  was  afterwards  [viz.  in  the  month  of  February] 
A  rebellion  spokcn  of  by  sir  Tho.  Smith  and  Mr.  Walsingham  to  the 
plotted 'by  French  king :  to  whom  they  related  an  endeavour  of  a  re- 
ihe  taidinai  bellion  in  Ireland,  by  the  said  cardinaPs  means,  as  appeared 

of  Lorain. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  89 

by  the  confession  of  one  Stackbold,  then  a  prisoner  in  Ire-    CHAP, 
land ;  who  confessed,  that  the  cardinal  set  him  on  to  stir  up . 


a  rebellion  there,  to  the  maintenance  of  James  Fitz  Morrice,  Anno  1571. 
a  traitor  and  rebel  to  the  queen  ;  who  was  to  have  the  coun- 
ties of  Ormond  and  Ossory.     And  that  he  promised  them 
men  and  munition  to  rebel  against  the  queen.    And  withal, 
that  the  French  king  and  the  queen-mother  were  privy  to  it.  TheFrench 
It  was  true  enough,  notwithstandmg  their  great  protesta- to  it. 
tions  of  mighty  friendship  with  her  majesty ;  as  appeared 
by  their  behaviour,  when  Smith,  by  the  queen"'s  command- 
ment, acquainted  them  both  with  it.     To  the  king  he  thus 
harangued  it  freely :   "  That   that  cardinal  had  not  done 
"  enough  to  raise  up  trouble  to  her  majesty  in  your  realms, 
"  and  to  trouble  England  and  Scotland,  but  he  could  not 
"  let  the  poor  reahn  of  Ireland  alone,  by  encouraging  Fitz 
"  Morrice  the  queen's  rebel  there.    A?}d  that  in  your  ma- 
'■^jesty's  name.'''' 

Whereat  the  king  laughing  heartily,  said.  In  my  name  ?  Denies  it 
And  professed,  he  never  so  much  as  heard  of  it :  and  that  he  b"as=ador" ' 
could  never  think  any  trouble  or  hurt  to  his  good  sister.  Smith. 
Upon  which,  Smith  shewed  him  the  articles  of  Stackbold's 
confession,  who  affirmed  it.     And  when  the  same  day,  by 
the  like  order  from  the  queen,  he  acquainted  the  queen-  And  so  does 
mother  with  the  same  matter  of  the  cardinal's  evil  endea- [j^'^^^"^®"' 
vours  in  Ireland,  and  her  knowledge  of  it,  she  also  turned 
it  off  with  a  question,  whether  he  dared  to  say  this .?  And 
moreover  the  said   ambassador  told  her,  that  the  cardinal 
said,  he  did  it  in  the  king's  name  and  hers;  and  that  the 
queen  his  mistress  ordered  him  to  declare  this  unto  her. 
But  withal,  that  she  knew  it  well  enough  not  to  be  true,  for 
the  good-will   that  they   bare  to  her.      Smith  added,  that 
Walsingham  could  tell  her  more. 

Who  then  declared  the  case  unto  her  ;  and  that  he  had  Tiie  ambas- 
moved  her  in  it  almost  a  year  ago.     She  said,  she  remem-  thirmat't^r 
bered  that  there  was  such  a  thing  about  to  be  done  by  the  to  the 
stirring  of  a  bishop  that  came  from  Spain.      [That  was  the  **"^'^"* 
archbishop  of  Cassils,  of  whom  before.]     To  this,  Smith 
also  mentioned  De  la  Roche's  attempt  upon  Ireland ;  who 


90         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  was  a  knight  of  the  order,  and  gentleman  of  the  king's 
^'  chamber ;  and  the  conductor  of  that  expedition,  and  could 
Anno  1571.  tell  the  whole  proceeding.  And  so  prayed  that  order  might 
be  taken  in  it.  She  replied,  that  the  king  disavowed  it; 
and  that  he  had  stayed  De  la  Roche,  that  lie  should  not  go 
to  Ireland,  and  revoked  all  his  power.  But  Walsingham  then 
told  her,  that  there  were  then  twenty  harquebussiers  there, 
or  thereabouts,  remaining  still,  and  had  remained  ever  since 
in  a  castle.  Whereupon  the  queen  promised  they  should 
be  recalled,  if  any  were  there.  Thus  did  the  French  false- 
hood begin  to  appear,  by  the  industry  of  the  queen''s  ambas- 
sadors, and  the  secret  intelligence  procured  by  Walsingham, 
to  his  great  expense  and  impoverishing. 


62  CHAP.  VII. 

A  parliament.  The  succession  ;  and  matters  of  religion, 
transacted  there.  The  hill  for  reformation.  The  queen 
displeased  at  it,  as  encroaching  on  her  prerogat^ive.  De- 
hates  about  it.  Divers  hills  for  religion  hrought  in.  Mo- 
tion for  a  nexo  confession  of  faith.  Reformatio  legum 
ecclesiasticarum  produced  in  parliament.  Bills  ahout 
religion  and  the  state  of  the  church  that  passed.  Acts 
against  papists.  Act  for  subscrihing  and  reading  the 
Thirty-nine  Articles.    Many  are  deprived  upon  this  act. 

Succession   JN  OW  let  US  look  at  home.    In  the  parliament  that  began 
*°  ^''^         to  sit  April  2,  anno  13  Elizab.  a  motion  was  made  for  the 

crown  X  ' 

moved  in  succcssion.  And  many  of  the  members  had  but  little  kind- 
pa  lameii .  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  Scottish  queen.  Insomuch  that  they  laboured 
to  put  by  her  pretended  right  of  succcssion  ;  and  to  fix 
upon  the  line  of  the  lady  INIary,  that  married  to  Brandon 
duke  of  Suffolk,  king  Henry  VIII.  his  younger  sister;  as 
that  queen  sprang  of  his  elder.  And  the  ground  they  went 
upon  was  king  Henry  VIII.  his  last  will.  Wherein  he  ex- 
pressly put  the  heirs  of  the  lady  Frances  first,  and  next  the 
heirs  of  the  lady  Eleonor,  daughters  of  his  said  sister  Mary, 
in  remainder  and  reversion,  to  succeed  to  the  crown,  in  case 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  91 

of  failure  of  issue  in  his  children,  Edward,  Mary,  and  Eli-   CHAP. 

VII. 

zabeth.    And  this  by  virtue  of  certain  statutes  made  the  28th 


and  35th  of  Henry  VIII.  whereby  such  power  was  granted -^""o  isyi. 

to  that  king,  to  appoint  the  succession,  "  according  to  such 

"  estate,  and  after  such  manner,  form,  and  fashion,  order, 

"  or  condition,  as  should  be  expressed  and  limited  in  his 

"  letters  patents,  or  by  his  last  will  in  writing,  signed  with 

"  his  hand."    Now  for  the  making  this  of  none  effect,  and 

that  the  line  of  king  Henry's  elder  sister  might  take  place, 

it  was  lu'ged  in  those  times  by  some,  that  that  king  made 

no  will  at  all ;  and  by  others,  that  if  he  did  make  any,  it  was 

not  according  to  the  statute,  nor  signed  by  his  hand. 

Now  for  the  clearing  of  these  things,  there  was  a  mem-  A  speech  in 
ber  who  made  a  notable  speech,  and  of  good  length;  to F^y^''^™^ " / 
prove  that  there  was  a  true  will  made  by  the  king.    And  king  Hen- 

,  „  .„       ,  T  •    •  1  •      ""y's  will,  in 

therefore,  if  there  were  no  records  remammg  then  in  favour  of 
chancery  of  any  letters  patents,  nor  original  will  to  be  IJ'^  ^^'^V 
found ;  it  must  have  been  defaced  and  destroyed  in  queen 
Mary's  reign.  That  there  was  a  real  will  was  evident,  be- 
cause of  the  performing  of  the  legacies  of  it;  which  were 
made  to  many,  both  of  lands  and  money,  after  his  decease : 
and  divers  indentures  tripartite  were  made  between  king 
Edward  VI.,  his  immediate  successor,  and  the  executors  of 
king  Henry's  will,  and  others.  And  divers  letters  patents 
passed  under  the  great  seal,  in  consideration  of  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  said  king's  will.  And  that  there  was  a  will 
in  the  name  of  king  Henry,  enrolled  in  the  chancery,  and 
divers  constats  thereof  made  under  the  great  seal.  All  63 
which,  as  he  urged,  were  arguments  that  king  Henry  died 
not  intestate.  And  then,  that  it  was  without  all  doubt,  that 
as  the  subjects  of  England  had  taken  them  for  king  and 
queens  of  England,  that  were  expressed  in  the  statute  by 
name,  so  they  were  bound  to  accept  them  that  were  de- 
clared by  the  will  in  remainder,  or  reversion ;  viz.  the  heirs 
of  the  lady  Frances  and  lady  Eleonor. 

But  then   further,  in  case  of  no  will,  he  proceeded    to  And  for  an- 

1       f-  •   1  1-1  1  •  J.  ^        nulling  the 

enervate  the  Scottish  queen  s  title  to  tins  crown ;  as  not  be-  Scottish 
ino;  inheritable  by  her,  according;  to  the  laws  of  this  realm,  q"f en's 

o  J  ^  is  '  title. 


92         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    proving  only  such  inheritable,  as  were  born  in  the  king's  al- 

L legiance  of  father  and  mother  English  ;  or  out  of  the  king's 

Aimo  i57i.]egiance,  one  parent  English,  and  in  the  king's  legiance. 
But  I  had  rather  leave  the  reader  to  the  whole  speech  of 
this  member  of  parliament,  carefully  transcribed  by  me  from 
N".VIII.  a  MS.  in  the  Cotton  library,  as  it  is  set  in  the  Appendix. 
But  though  this  bold  step  in  parliament,  from  a  disgust  of 
the  Scottish  queen,  succeeded  not;  yet  a  notable  act  or  acts 
were  made  this  session,  for  the  security  of  the  queen's  per- 
Act  for  se-  son  and  government,  and  for  the  succession.   Especially  the 

curity  of  . 

the  queen's  Statute  13  Eliz.  cap.  1,  wherein,  among  other  things  of  that 
persoa  and  nature,  it  enacts  to  be  treason,  '*  for  any  to  hold  or  affirm, 

govern-  •'  ' 

nient;  and  "  that  the  common  law  of  the  realm  (not  altered  by  par- 
succession,  u  liament)  ought  not  to  direct  the  right  of  the  crown  of  Eng- 
"  land ;  or  that  the  queen,  by  the  authority  of  the  parlia- 
"  ment,  might  not  make  laws  and  statutes  of  sufficient  force 
"  and  validity,  to  limit  and  bind  the  crown  of  this  realm, 
"  and  the  descent,  limitation,  and  government  thereof:"  as 
we  shall  hear  more,  before  we  conclude  this  chapter. 
Kill  in  par-       Now  let  US  see  what  was  done,  or  endeavoured  to  be 

liament  tor    j  .  ,  .  . 

con.iiig  to  done,  m  this  session,  in  matter  of  religion.  The  first  bill 
ba"ed'''  ^^'  ^^^^  ^^^  read,  which  was  April  the  4th,  was  for  coming  to 
Journal  of  church,  and  receiving  the  holy  communion.  April  the  6th, 
.ir  lauiLH  .  ^^_^^  ^j^^  second  time.  When  sir  Thomas  Smith  spake,  and 
argued  for  the  observance  and  maintenance  thereof.  And 
in  part  Avished  the  bishops  to  have  consideration  thereof. 
Fleetwood,  recorder  of  London,  moved,  that  the  penalties 
of  the  statute  should  not  go  to  promoters ;  a  device  but 
lately  brought  in,  in  the  time  of  king  Henry  VIII.  And  he 
shewed  the  evils  and  inconveniences  that  grew  thereby  : 
wherein  no  reformation  was  sought,  but  private  gain.  And 
as  for  the  matter  of  going  to  church,  or  for  the  service  of 
God,  he  u^ged,  that  it  did  directly  appertain  to  that  court ; 
[i.e.  the  court  of  parliament.]  And  thatnhey  had  as  well 
learnt,  that  there  was  a  God  to  be  served,  as  had  the  bi- 
shops. And  then  he  proved  by  old  laws,  that  princes  in 
their  parliaments  had  made  ecclesiastical  constitutions.  And 
so  this  bill  was  referred  to  committees.    This  bill,  among 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  93 

others,  with  additions  and  provisos,  was  brought  down  from    CHAP, 
the  lords  May  the  19th.    But  I  do  not  find  it  passed  into      ^"* 


an  act  this  parliament,  though  there  was  great  pains  taken  Anno  1571. 
about  it. 

There  was  a  strong  party  in  the  house,  that  resolved  to  Furthei-  re- 
press,  as  vigorously  as  might  be,  a  further  reformation  of  ^^^  ^^5;^;^,^ 
religion ;  namely,  by  altering  several  things  in  the  Common  urged- 
Prayer,  and  the  ceremonies  established.    Mr.  Strickland,  an 
ancient  gentleman,  of  hot  zeal,  offered  a  bill  for  reforma- 
tion.   Who  ushered  it  in  with  a  long  speech,  for  some  re- 64 
formation  of  several  things  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Book  of 
though  he  acknowledged  it  v/as  drawn  up  very  near  to  the  prayer, 
sincerity  of  the  truth.    But  yet  that  there  were  some  super- 
stitious things  in  it,  as,  in  the  Office  of  Baptism,  the  sign  of 
the  cross,  and  some  other   ceremonies   and   errors,  as  he 
called    them :  which   might  be    changed,  without    note  of 
changing  of  religion  ;  whereby  the  enemy  might  slander  us. 
He  further  spake  of  the  abuses  of  the  church  of  England,  and  churdi- 
and  of  churchmen  :  as,  that  known  papists  had  ecclesiastical  e,i  for  c^r- 
government   and   great  livings :  that  boys  were  dispensed  t*'"  things, 
with,  to  have  spiritual  promotions:  that,  by  faculties,  un- 
able men   were  allowed:  and  some  other  men  allowed  to 
hold  too  many  livings.    In  the  mean  time,  godly,  honest, 
and    learned    protestant   ministers,  had  little   or   nothing. 
April  the  14th,  the  bill  for  reformation,  preferred  by  Strick- 
land aforesaid,  was  read  the  first  time.    Upon  which  ensued 
divers  arguments.    Mr.  Treasurer  of  the  queen's  household 
was  one  that  spake  against  it  to  this  purport;   "  That  if  Bill  for  re- 
"  the  matters  mentioned  to  be  reformed  were  heretical,  then 
"  they  were  presently  to  be  condemned.    But  if  they  were 
"  matters  of  ceremonies,  then  it  behoved  them  to  refer  the 
"  same  to  her  majesty  ;  who  had  authority,  as  chief  of  the 
"  church,  to  deal  therein.    And  for  them  to  meddle  with 
"  matters  of  her  prerogative,  he  said,  were  not  convenient." 
Mr.  Comptroller  of  the  household  argued  to  the  same  effect. 
Another,  whose  name  was  Snagg,  entered  into  discourse  of 
some  of  the  articles,  which  Strickland  had  laid  down  before. 
Whereof  one  was,  not  to  kneel  at  the  receiving  of  the  holy 


94         ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    sacrament;  but  to  lie  prostrate,  (to  shun  the  old  supersti- 
tion,) or  to  sit,  every  man  at  his  own  liberty.    And  the  di- 


Anno  i57i.rections  were  also  thought  fit  to  be  left  out  of  the  book  [of 
the  Office  of  Communion]  for  that  posture.  Which  should 
be  a  law ;  and  every  man  to  do  according  to  his  con- 
science. 

The  queen        g^^  j^]jg  queen  liked   not   at  all   of   these  proceedings; 

displeased  at  _  .    '  .  •  i    i 

it.  And  one  reckoning  it  Struck  at  her  prerogative,  (as  was  hinted  be- 
the  lious"  ^^^^  ^y  ^^^  treasurer,)  as  though  she  might  not  appoint  ce- 
remonies to  be  used  in  the  worship  of  God.  So  that  during 
the  time  of  Easter,  (the  parliament  being  adjourned,)  in  the 
holydays,  Strickland,  for  his  exhibiting  a  bill  for  the  re- 
formation of  ceremonies,  and  his  speech  thereupon,  was 
sent  for  before  the  lords  of  the  privy  council  ;  and  required 
to  attend  upon  them ;  and  in  the  mean  season  to  make  stay 
from  entering;  into  the  house. 
The  house  But  this  caused  no  small  disturbance.  For  on  Friday, 
SnlhJr!*^ "^  April  19,  in  Easter  week,  being  the  next  day  after  the  par- 
liament sat  again,  the  house  wanted  their  member.  And 
Debate  it,  one  of  them  signified,  "  How  a  member  of  the  house  was 
*'  demanded  from  them.  By  whose  commandment,  or  for 
"  what  cause,  he  knew  not.  And  that  forasmuch  as  he  was 
"  not  now  a  private  man,  but  to  supply  the  room,  person, 
"  and  place  of  a  multitude,  especially  chosen,  and  there- 
"  fore  sent ;  he  thought  that  neither  in  regard  of  the  coun- 
"  try,  which  was  not  to  be  wronged,  nor  for  the  liberty  of 
"  the  house,  which  was  not  to  be  infringed,  they  should 
"  not  permit  him  to  be  demanded  from  them."  To  this  a 
courtier,  namel}-  ]\Ir.  Treasurer,  spake  mildly,  as  the  point 
was  tender:  "  That  the  man  that  was  meant,  was  neither 
"  demanded  nor  misused ;  but  on  consideration  was  re- 
65  "  quired,  to  expect  the  queen's  pleasure  upon  certain  spe- 
"  cial  points.  And  that  he  durst  to  assure,  that  the  gentle- 
"  man  should  have  neither  cause  to  disUkc  or  complain,  &c. 
"  That  he  was  in  no  sort  stayed  for  any  word  or  speech  by 
"  him  in  that  place  offered  ;  but  for  exhibiting  a  bill  to  the 
"  house  against  the  prerogative  of  the  queen ;  which  was 
"  not  to  be  tolerated.    And  that  oft  it  had  been  seen,  that 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  95 

"  speeches  [in  parliament]  had  been  examined  and  con-    CHAP. 
"  sidered  of."    Others  were  for  sending  for  him.    Yelver- 


ton  urged,  "  That  the  precedent  was  perilous.  And  that  Anno  1571. 
"  though,  in  this  happy  time  of  lenity,  under  so  gracious  a 
"  princess,  nothing  of  extremity  or  injury  was  to  be  feared ; 
"  yet  the  times  might  be  altered ;  and  what  was  now  per- 
"  mitted,  might  hereafter  be  construed  as  a  duty,  and  en- 
"  forced  even  on  the  ground  of  the  present  permission. 
"  That  all  matters,  not  treason,  or  too  much  to  the  deroga- 
"  tion  of  the  crown,  were  tolerable  there  ;  [i.  e.  in  the  par- 
"  liament  house ;]  where  all  things  came  to  be  considered 
"of;  and  where  there  was  such  fulness  of  power,  as  even 
"  the  riffht  of  the  crown  was  to  be  determined :  that  to 
"  say,  the  parliament  had  no  power  to  determine  of  the 
"  crown  was  high  treason.  He  remembered  them,  how  that  D'Ewes' 
"  men  are  not  there  for  themselves,  but  for  their  country.  '^''""'^\ ' 
"  That  it  was  fit  for  princes  to  have  their  prerogative ;  but 
"  yet  the  same  to  be  straitened  within  reasonable  limits. 
"  That  the  prince  could  not  of  herself  make  laws :  neither 
"  might  she,  for  the  same  reason,  break  laws,  &c.  That 
"  the  speech  that  had  been  uttered  in  that  place,  and  the 
"  offer  made  of  the  bill,  was  not  to  be  condemned  as  evil. 
"  But  that  if  there  were  any  thing  in  the  Book  of  Common 
"  Prayer,  either  Jewish,  Turkish,  or  Popish,  the  same 
"  might  be  reformed.  He  said  also,  that  among  the  Papists 
"  it  was  bruited,  that  by  the  judgment  of  the  council 
"  Strickland  was  taken  for  an  heretic :"  [meaning,  that  be- 
ing so  misrepresented,  the  house  had  the  more  reason  to 
stand  by  him.] 

Another  said,  that  care  was  to  be  had  for  the  privileges 
of  the  house.  Fleetwood,  recorder  of  London,  a  wise  man, 
advised,  that  they  should  be  humble  suitors  to  the  queen ; 
and  neither  send  for  him  nor  demand  him  of  right.  Those 
of  the  queen''s  council,  while  this  speech  was  making,  [fear- 
ing undoubtedly  the  consequence,]  whispered  together. 
And  then  the  speaker  moved,  that  the  house  should  make  The  mem- 
stay  of  any  further  consultation  thereupon.  And  on  the  |^|"j^j  °j[" 
next  day,  being:  Saturday,  Strickland  came  to  the  house ;  comes  to 

•^ '  '^  -'  the  house. 


96        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    upon    an   advertisement,  as  it  seems,  from   her  majesty's 
_______  council ;  and  coming  just  upon  the  time,  when  the  bill  for 

Anno  1571.  coming  to  church  and  receiving  the  communion  was  in  re- 
ferring to  committees,  the  house  did,  in  witness  of  their  joy 
for  his  restitution,  presently  nominate  him  one  of   those 
committees. 
Some  com-       J  fji^fj  j^q  ^lore  of  this  bill  for  the  reformation  of  the  Com- 
reiigion  at-  mon  Prayer  and  for  the   ceremonies,  but  that  April  the 
tend  upon    25th,  Several  of  the  committees,  viz.   sir  Robert  Lane,  sir 

the  arch-  '  '  ' 

bishop.        Henry  Gate,  Mr.  Henry  Knowles,  sen.  Mr.  Astley,  master 
of  the  jewel  house,  Mr.  Sandes,  Mr.  Wentworth,  were  ap- 
pointed to  attend  the  lord  of  Canterbury  his  grace ;  for  an- 
swer touching  matters  of  religion.    I  suppose  this  was  in 
pursuance  of  a  former  act,  whereby  the  queen,  with  her  me- 
66  tropoli tan,  was  to  appoint,  and  regulate,  and  reform  mat- 
ters in  religion. 
Seven  bills       Tlie  bills  for  religion,  and  regulation  of  church  affairs, 
thin  and  re- began  in  the  parliament  8  Eliz.  and  agitated  and  prosecuted 
formation    [^i  this  parliament  13  Eliz.  were  seven.    But  some  of  them 
church.       in  the  issue,  dashed  by  her  majesty,  saith  D'Ewes,  per- 
D'Ewes'      suaded  unto  it,  as  it  should  seem,  by  some  sinister  counsel. 

Journal,  '  _  -"      ^ 

p.  184.  b.  I.  For  the  articles  printed  anno  1562,  for  sound  religion. 
First  read  on  the  5th  of  Dec.  8  Eliz.  All  the  rest  of  them 
that  follow  had  their  first  reading  Dec.  the  6th,  in  the 
said  session;  viz.  II.  The  bill  for  the  order  of  ministers. 
III.  For  the  residence  of  pastors.  IV.  For  the  avoiding  of 
corrupt  presentations.  V.  For  leases  of  benefices.  VI.  For 
pensions  out  of  benefices.  VII.  Touching  commutation  of 
penance  by  the  ecclesiastical  judge.  Which  last  was  first 
preferred  in  this  parliament.  These  were  read  several  times 
in  the  house,  and  countenanced ;  and  some  of  them  came  to 
effect. 
Moved,  The  first  of  these,  offered  in  the  beginning  of  this  session, 

that  a  con-  ^^^  introduced  by  Mr.  Strickland  in  a  long  speech  before 

fession  of  •'  n       ■  J  !•  ■  i  i 

faith  be       mentioned,  (which  was  for  a  new  confession  of  faith,  to  be 

the*^usl°of    made  and  used  in  this  church,)  may  be  better  understood,  if 

this  cburcii.  ^e  relate  some  further  passages  of  that  speech  ;  viz.  "  That 

"  he  thought  it  worth  the  while  for  the  parliament  to  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  97 

occupied  for   some  time;  tliat  all   reproachful  speeches    CHAP, 
of  slanderers  might  be  stopped;  drawbacks  in  religion. 


"brought  forward;  and   overrunners,  that   exceeded    the  Anno  1571. 
"  rules   of  the    law,  reduced :  that  a  confession    of  faith 
"  should  be  made,  and  published,  and  confirmed ;  as  was 
*'  among  other  professors  of  religion  in  foreign  parts.    As 
*'  those    of    Strasburge   and    Frankford :    and    as   learned 
*'  men    also  formerly  in   this   land  travelled  in  ;  as  Peter 
*'  Martyr,  Paulus  Fagius,  and  others.    And  that  an  offer 
*'  thereof,   that    had   been   formerly   made  in   parliament, 
"  might  be  approved."    He  added,  that  the  book  [which 
was  the  Reformation  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Laws,  effected 
chiefly  by  archbishop  Cranmer,  by  the  command  of  king 
Henry  VIII.  and  Edward  VI.]  rested  still  in  the  custody 
of  Mr.  Norton,  a  member  of  the  house.    And  thereupon 
requested,  that  the  'said  Norton  might  be  required  to  pro- 
duce the  same.    Which  he  after  did.    And  shewed  that  it  The  book 
was  the  book  drawn  up  [under  king  Edward]  by  thirty-two  formation' 
persons,  i.  e.  eight  bishops,  eight  divines,  eight  civilians,  •'^  *}'^  Ec- 
and  eight  temporal  lawyers :  who  had  in  charge  to  make  Laws  pro- 
ecclesiastical  constitutions,  and  took  the  same  in  hand :  and  f ""'^ '" 

'  _  this  parna- 

that  Mr.  Fox  [the  martyrologist]  took  some  pains  about  the  ment. 
said  book,  and  had  newly  printed  it :  which  the  said  Nor- 
ton then  and  there  shewed.  I  add,  that  Fox  also  set  a 
large  preface  before  it,  ad  doctum  et  candidiim  lectorem ; 
and  concludeth  with  his  wish,  "  That  what,  by  the  prema- 
*'  ture  death  of  that  king,  was  then  denied  to  the  church's 
"  happiness,  might  be  supplied  in  the  more  happy  times  of 
"  queen  Elizabeth,  by  the  authority  of  that  present  parlia- 
"  ment,  [viz.  this,  as  it  seems,  of  the  13th  of  the  queen,] 
"  and  by  the  consent  and  favour  of  learned  men.""  This 
book  was  printed  again  in  Latin,  in  the  year  1640,  at  Lon- 
don. 

I  have  this  further  to  add  concerning  this  book.     It  was  fQ,.,j^g'    g^r_ 
said,  that  Dr.  Haddon,  that  learned  civilian,  and  master  of 'iament 
the  requests  to  the  queen,  had  in  a  former  parliament  de-byDr.Had- 
livered  this  book,  which  had  with  so  much  pains,  labour,  ^°"-  ^^~ 
and  learning,  been  prepared  and  finished  in  king  Edward's  Enemy,  &c. 

VOL.  II.  H  ^^V.^.ry. 


98 


ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    days:  and  wherein  Haddon  himself,  having  an  excellent 
^-        Latin  style,  was  concerned  in  drawing  up.    And  that  then 


Anno  1571.  in  that  parliament,  it  was  ordered  to  be  translated  into 
67  English  for  their  better  considering  it.  For  this,  I  make  no 
doubt,  was  that  booh  of  discipline  which  Penry  (that  was 
executed  for  sedition  about  1591)  hinted  at  in  one  of  his 
books,  (called.  Reformation  no  enemy  to  her  majesty  and 
state,  printed  anno  1590,)  where,  after  his  preface,  he  makes 
this  request  to  the  reader :  "  Mr.  D.  Haddon  delivered  in 
"  parliament  a  Latin  book  concerning  church  discipline, 
"  written  in  the  days  of  king  Edward  VI.  by  M.  Cranmer 
"  and  sir  John  Cheeke,  &c.  This  book  (saidi  he)  was  com- 
"  mitted  by  the  house  to  be  translated,  unto  the  said  M. 
"  D.  Haddon,  M.  George  Bromley,  M.  Norton,  &c."  His 
request  follows :  "  If  thou  canst,  good  reader,  help  me,  or 
"  any  other,  that  labour  in  the  cause,  unto  the  said  book,  I 
"  hope,  though  I  never  saw  it,  that  in  so  doing,  thou  shalt 
"  do  good  service  to  the  Lord  and  his  church."  So  he,  sup- 
posing it  had  much  favoured  his  admired  discipline.  But  if 
he  had  been  helped  to  a  sight  of  it,  he  would  have  found  it 
would  not  have  served  his  purpose. 

The  said  Mr.  Strickland,  in  his  speech  aforesaid,  made 

several  motions,  "  That  they  should  not,  for  any  cause  of 

"  policy,  permit  any  errors  in  matters  of  doctrine  to  con- 

"  tinue  longer  among  them.    And  that  the  reformation  he 

"  urged   should    not    by  this   be    called    a   chopping   and 

"  changing  of  our  religion,  [as  some  had  objected,]   but 

*'  pursuant  to  our  profession ;  that  is,  to  have  all  doctrines 

"  brought  to  the  purity  of  the  primitive  church.    And  at 

"  last  he  moved,  that  certain  of  them  might  be  assigned,  to 

"  have  conference  with  the  lords  of  the  spirituality,  for  con- 

"  sideration  and  reformation  of  these  matters."    But  what 

stop  these  earnest  motions  had,  we  have  shewed  before. 

The  success      Only  let  me  add  what  happened  to  the  said  committee  for 

mitlre'T^I  religion,  when,  according  as  it  was  appointed,  they  attended 

tendance     the  archbisliop  of  Canterbury  with  their  model  for  reforma- 

ardTbishop.  tion ;  wherein,  as  some  articles  of  religion  were  allowed  by 

them,  so  others,  already  received  into  the  church,  were  left 


A  motion 
for  a  con- 
ference 
with  the 
bishops  in 
order  to  a 
further  re- 
formation. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.'  99 

out.    The  archbishop,  taking  a  view  of  this  draught,  asked   CHAP, 
them,  wliy  they  put  out  of  the  book  the  article  for  homi-      ^^^' 


lies,  and  for  the  consecrating  of  bishops,  and  some  others.  Anno  1571. 
Mr.  Peter  Wentworth,  (who  was  one  of  that  committee,)  aO'Ewes' 
hot  man,  answered,  (as  he  gave  an  account  of  \t  himself  in  p.  239. ' 
his  speech  the  next  parliament,)  because  they  were  so  occu- 
pied in  otlier  matters,  that  they  had  no  time  to  examine 
them,  how  they  agreed  with  the  word  of  God.  Whereat  the 
archbishop   replied,  that   surely  they  mistook  the  matter: 
saying  further,  You  will  refer  yourselves  wholly  to  us  [the 
bishops]  therein.    To  which  Wentworth,  in  some  heat,  and  Went- 
somewhat  rudely,  answered;   "  No,  by  the  faith  I  bear  to  words' to 
"  God,  we  will  pass  nothing  before  we  understand  what  *'."^  '*''*^''- 
"  it  is.    For  that  were  but  to  make  you  popes.    Make  you 
"  popes,  who  list ;  for  we  will  make  you  none.'"    But  this 
gentleman  taking  the  like  freedom  to  talk  concerning  the 
queen  in  the  next  parliament,  18  Eliz.  and  using  several 
bold   expressions   concerning   her,   (as,    how  rumovu's   ran 
in  the  house,  "  Take  heed  what  you  do ;  for  the  queen 
"  liketh  not  such  a  matter,")  he  was  sequestered  the  house, 
and  committed  to  the  sergeant  as  a  prisoner  for  some  time. 

But  what  bills  about  religion  and  the  state  of  the  church  68 
took  place  in  this  parliament,  I  shall  proceed  now  to  re- 
late.   Some  were  brought  in  against  papists;  who  at  that  Bills  against 
time  endeavoured  to  deprive  and  depose  the  queen  in  fa-  ^^^^^  ^' 
vour  of  the  Scottish  queen  Mary.    This  became  enacted.  For  security 
"  Where  it  was  made  high  treason  to  compass,  imagine,  in-  |fotch 
"  vent,  &c.  the  queen's  death,  or  any  bodily  harm,  tend- queen. 
"  ing  to  death,  maiming,  or  wounding  her  royal  person  ; 
"  or  to  deprive  or   depose  her  from  the  style,  honour,  or 
"  kingly  name  of  the  imperial  crown  of  this  realm ;  or  to 
"  levy  war  against  her;  or  to  move  any  foreigners  or  stran- Statute 
"  gers  with  force  to  invade  this  realm  or  that  of  Ireland ;  Jfp^if" 
"  or  to  utter  or  declare,  by  any  printing,  writmg,  cipher- 
"  ing,  speech,  or  words,  that  the  queen  is  not  or  ought  not 
"  to  be  queen  of  this  realm,  and  of  the  realms  of  France 
"  and  Ireland ;  or  that  any  other  person  ought  by  right  to 

H  2 


100       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "be  king  or  queen  of  the  same  realms;  or  that  should 
____^___"  by  writing,  printing,  preaching,  speech,  &c.  publish,  set 
Anno  1571.  "  forth  and  affirm,  that  queen  Elizabeth  is  an  heretic,  schis- 
"  matic,  tyrant,  infidel,  or  usurper  of  the  croAvn  of  the  said 
"  realms.  And  further,  such  to  be  vitterly  disabled,  during 
"  their  natural  lives,  to  have  or  enjoy  the  crown  of  Eng- 
"  land,  or  any  style  or  title  thereof,  [this  was  aimed  at  the 
"  queen  of  Scots,]  at  any  time  in  succession,  of  whatever 
"  degree,  condition,  place,  &c.  they  be,  that  in  any  Avise 
"  claimed  or  pretended  themselves  to  have  a  right  or  title 
"  to  the  crown  of  England  in  the  life  of  queen  Elizabeth ; 
"  or  should  usurp  the  royal  style,  title,  or  dignity  of  this 
"  crown ;  or  shovdd  hold  and  affirm,  that  the  queen  had  not 
"  right  to  hold  or  enjoy  the  said  crown  and  realm  :  or  after 
"  any  demand  should  not  acknowledge  her  to  be,  in  right, 
"  true  and  lawful  queen  of  these  realms. 

"  And  he  was  adjudged  a  high  traitor  by  this  act,  that 
"  during  the  queen's  life  should  affirm  or  maintain  any 
"  right,  title,  &c.  in  succession  or  inheritance  in  or  to  the 
"  crown  of  England  after  queen  Elizabeth,  to  be  right- 
"  fully  in,  or  lawfully  due  unto  any  such  claimer,  pre- 
"  tender,  &c.  or  not  acknowledger.  And  he  also  to  be 
"  judged  an  high  traitor,  that  shall  not  affirm  that  the  com- 
"  mon  laws  of  this  realm,  not  altered  by  parliament,  ought 
"  to  direct  the  right  of  the  crown  of  England  :  or  that  the 
"  queen's  majesty,  by  and  with  the  authority  of  the  parlia- 
*'  ment,  is  not  able  to  make  laws  and  statutes,  of  sufficient 
"  force  to  limit  and  bind  the  crown  of  this  realm,  and 
"  the  descent,  limitation,  and  inheritance,  and  government 
"  thereof:  or  that  this  present  statute,  or  any  other  sta- 
"  tute,  to  be  made  by  authority  of  the  parliament,  with  tlie 
"  royal  assent  of  the  queen,  for  limiting  of  the  crown,  or 
"  any  statute  for  recognising  the  right  of  the  said  crown 
"  and  realm  to  be  rightly  and  lawfully  in  the  person  of 
"  our  sovereign  lady  and  queen,  are  not  or  ought  not  to  be 
"  for  ever  of  good  and  sufficient  force  and  validity  to  bind, 
"  hmit,  restrain,  and  govern  all  persons,  their  rights  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  101 

"  titles,  that  any  wise  might  claim  any  interest  or  possi-    CHAP. 
"  bility  in  or  to  the  crown  of  England,  in  possession,  re- 


"  mainder,  inheritance,  succession,  or  otherwise."  Anno  1571. 

By  the  same  act  provision  was  made  against  contentious 
and  seditious  spreading  abroad  of  titles  to  the  succession  of 
the  crown  ;  and  against  books  or  works  printed  and  written, 
that  did  directly  or  expressly  declare  and  affirm,  before  69 
any  act  of  pai'liament  were  made,  to  establish  and  confirm 
the  same,  that  any  one  particular  person  is  or  ought  to  be 
the  right  heir  and  successor  to  the  queen's  majesty,  except 
the  same  be  the  natural  issue  of  her  majesty's  body ;  or 
shall  publish  or  set  abroad  any  book  or  scrolls  to  that  effect : 
or  the  abettors  and  counsellors  of  such :  upon  the  pain  of 
imprisonment,  and  forfeiture  of  half  his  goods,  for  the  first 
time.  The  second  time,  the  pains  and  forfeitures  in  the  sta- 
tutes of  Provision  and  Premunire. 

There  was  another  act  made  this  parliament  against  bring-  Act  against 
ing  in  of  popes'  bulls,  or  putting  them  in  execution  ;  and  p^ 3"^ '" 
against  bringing  in  writings,  or  instruments,  or  other  su- bulls;  and 
perstitious  things  from  the  see  of  Rome.  This  was  made 
on  purpose  against  such  as  had  procured  and  obtained  from 
the  bishop  of  Rome  divers  bulls  and  Avritings,  to  absolve 
and  reconcile  all  those  that  would  be  contented  to  forsake 
their  obedience  to  the  queen,  and  to  yield  themselves  to  the 
foreign,  unlawful,  and  usui-ped  authority  of  the  see  of 
Rome :  and  by  colour  of  the  said  bulls,  wicked  persons  se- 
cretly, in  such  parts  of  the  realm  where  the  people  were 
most  weak  and  simple  and  ignorant,  [as  it  ran  in  that  sta- 
tute,] had,  by  their  lewd  and  subtile  practices  and  persua- 
sions, so  far  wrought,  that  sundry  such  weak  and  ignorant 
persons  had  been  contented  to  be  reconciled  to  the  said 
usurped  authority ;  and  to  take  absolution  at  the  hands  of 
such  naughty  and  subtile  practisers.  Whereby  had  grown 
great  disobedience  and  boldness  in  many,  not  only  to  with- 
draw and  absent  themselves  from  all  divine  service,  now 
most  godly  set  forth  in  the  realm ;  but  also  thought  them- 
selves discharged  of  and  from  all  obedience,  duty,  and  alle- 
giance to  the  queen.    Whereby  most  wicked  and  unnatural 

h3 


102       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    rebellion  had  ensued.     All  such  bringing  in  of  such  bulls, 
and  such  reconcilers  to  the  see  of  Rome,  were  made  guilty 


Anno  1571.  of  high  treasoH  to  the  queen  and  the  realm. 

Agnus  By  the  same  act  thev  incurred  the   statute  of  Premu- 

Dei's  .  .   . 

crosses,  pic- nire  and  Provision,  made  16  Rich.  II.  that  brought  into  the 

beads'  &c    ^^^^"^  ^"y  token  or  tokens,  thing  or  things,  called  Agnus 

Cap.  2.        Deis,  or  any  crosses,  pictures,  beads,  or  such  like  vain  and 

superstitious  things,  from  the  bishop  or  see  of  Rome :  the 

former  of  which  were  said  to  be  hallowed  or  consecrate  by 

the  bishop  of  Rome  in  his  own  person.    And  the  crosses, 

pictures,  beads,  either  by  the  same  bishop,  or  by  others 

having  power,  or  pretending  to  have  power  for  the  same, 

by  or  from  him  or  his  said  see :  divers  pardons,  immunities, 

and  exemptions  pretended,  being  to  be  conferred  upon  such 

as  should  receive  and  use  the  same. 

Act  against      Another  act  for  papists  was  ag-ainst  fugitives  over  the 

such  as  fled  /     ^  ®  o 

beyond  sea  scas.  This  was  against  such  persons,  who  as  (though  they 
c'ence"  Cap  ^^^^^  Sovereign  rulers  themselves,  and  not  under  rule)  cast- 
3.  ing  away  most  wilfully  and  obstinately  the  service,  obedi- 

ence, and  defence  of  their  prince  and  country,  secretly,  in 
great  numbers,  without  licence  of  the  queen,  departed  the 
realm  into  foreign  parts  and  dominions  of  other  princes : 
under  whose  obeisance  and  protection  they  submitted 
themselves,  and  became  their  subjects.  And  there  did  un- 
naturally discover  the  secrets  of  this  realm,  and  their  na- 
tive country.  And  conveyed  with  them  great  sums  of  mo- 
70  ney  ;  being  naturally  a  part  of  the  common  treasure  of  the 
I'ealm :  spending  the  same  to  the  profit  and  commodity  of 
strangers  :  and  in  sundry  places  to  the  relief  of  rebels,  and 
fugitives,  and  traitors.  And  not  so  satisfied,  did  practise  in 
those  parts  traitorous  and  rebellious  seditions,  and  slander- 
ous things,  as  well  by  writing  as  otherwise ;  as  the  expres- 
sions of  that  statute  were.  The  penalty  laid  upon  all  such 
•was  the  loss  and  forfeitin-e  of  all  their  manors,  lands,  tene- 
ments, &c.  to  the  queen,  during  their  lives,  unless  they  re- 
turned home  wiihin  six  months;  and  yielded  their  bodies 
to  the  high  slieriff  of  the  county,  or  some  of  the  (jueen's 
councik    And  that  all  benefices,  prebends,  and  other  cede- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  ]03 

siastical  promotions,  belonging  to  spiritual  and  ecclesiastical    CHAP, 
persons,  so  offending  in  departing  the  realm,  and  not  re- 


turning, should  be  utterly  void  to  all  intents  and  purposes.  Anno  1671. 
There  was  also  a  bill  brought  in  (though  I  diink  passed  not 
into  an  act)  against  priests  disguising  themselves  in  serving- 
men's  apparel. 

Another  act  made  this  session  of  parliament  with  respect  Act  against 
to  religion  and  the  good  of  the  church,  was  against  frauds ;  ^iiapida- 
defeatino-  remedies  for  dilapidations  of  ecclesiastical  livings ;  tions;  and 

_  _~       about  leases 

and  for  leases  to  be  granted  for  collegiate  churches.  The  for  coiiegi- 
reason  of  this  statute  was  for  the  stopping  the  practice  of  ^f  ca"'''io. 
some  bishops  and  dignitaries,  or  other  ecclesiastical  per- 
sons; who  had  ancient  palaces  and  mansion-houses,  and 
odier  buildings  and  edifices,  belonging  to  their  preferments : 
and  suffered  the  same,  for  want  of  repairs,  to  run  into  great 
ruins,  and  some  parts  utterly  to  fall  down  to  the  ground. 
And  had  converted  the  timber,  lead,  and  stones,  to  their 
own  benefit  and  commodity,  and  made  deeds  of  gift,  and  co- 
lourable alienations,  and  other  conveyances  of  like  effect,  of 
their  goods  and  chattels  in  their  lifetimes;  to  the  intent 
after  their  death  to  defraud  their  successors  of  such  just 
actions  and  remedies,  as  they  might  or  should  have  had 
for  the  same  by  the  laws  ecclesiastical,  against  their  execu- 
tors ;  to  the  great  defacing  the  state  ecclesiastical,  and  in- 
tolerable charges  of  their  successors.  This  act  did  empower 
the  successor  of  him  or  them  that  should  make  such  deeds, 
to  commence  suit,  and  have  such  remedy  in  any  court  eccle- 
siastical against  him  or  them,  to  whom  such  deeds  should 
be  made,  for  the  amendment  and  reparation  of  so  much  of 
the  said  dilapidations  and  decays,^  as  happened  by  his  fact 
or  default. 

Also,  this  act  provided  against  colleges,  deans  and  chap- 
ters, parsons,  vicars,  &c.  who  made  long  and  unreasonable 
leases,  which  were  the  great  causes  of  dilapidations  and  de- 
cays of  all  spiritual  living  and  hospitality,  and  the  utter  im- 
poverishing of  all  successors,  incumbent  in  the  same :  that 
henceforth  no  leases  should  be  made  longer  than  one  and 

H  4 


104      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    twenty  years,  or  three  lives.    All  other  leases,  grants,  &c. 
'        to  be  utterly  void  and  of  none  effect. 
Anno  1571.      Another  act  was  made  this  session  touching  leases  of  be- 
Act  touch-  nefjcpg,    The  intent  of  tliis  act  was,  that  livings  appointed 

ing  leases  _  i    •      l* 

of  benefices,  for  eccIesiastical  ministers  might  not,  by  corrupt  and  indi- 
ul'rVhos'Ju  ^^ct  dealings,  be  transferred  to  other  uses.  No  lease  after 
taiity.  Cap.  tlie  15th  day  of  May,  to  be  made  of  any  benefice,  or  eccle- 
siastical promotion  with  cure,  not  being  impropried,  to  en- 
71  dure  any  longer  than  while  the  lessor  shall  be  ordinarily  re- 
sident, and  serving  the  cure  of  such  benefice,  without  ab- 
sence above  fourscore  days  in  any  one  year.  But  that  every 
such  lease,  so  soon  as  it  or  any  part  thereof  shall  come  to 
any  possession  or  use  above  forbidden,  or  immediately  upon 
such  absence,  shall  cease  and  be  void.  And  the  incumbent 
so  offending,  to  lose  one  year's  profit  of  his  benefice ;  to  be 
distributed  by  the  ordinary  among  the  poor  of  the  parish. 
All  chargings  of  such  benefices  with  any  pension,  or  with 
any  profit  out  of  the  same,  hereafter  to  be  made,  other  than 
rents  to  be  reserved  upon  leases  hereafter  to  be  made,  to  be 
utterly  void. 

In  the  same  act,  it  was  allowed  such  persons  as  had  two 
benefices,  to  demise  one  of  them,  upon  which  he  shall  not 
be  most  ordinarily  resident;  but  only  to  the  curate  that 
shall  then  serve  the  cure.    The  reason  whereof  seems  to  be, 
that  hospitality  might  be  the  better  preserved  from  the  re- 
venues of  the  church.    But  this  was  but  temporary. 
An  act  to        There   was    yet    another    act    made    touching   religion, 
tain  disor-  Which  was  to  reform  certain  disorders  touching  ininisters 
ders  in  mi-  of  the  churck.    This  act  was  intended  to  keep  out  from  mi- 

meters 

Cap.  12.  nistering  in  the  church  such  as  would  not  comply  with  the 
doctrine  established  in  this  church  of  England  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  queen's  reign ;  and  that  the  (queen's  domi- 
nions might  be  served  with 'pastors  of  sound  religion,  as  the 
preamble  ran.  It  concerned  all  such  persons  as  pretended 
to  be  priests  and  ministers  of  God's  word  and  sacraments 
under  the  degree  of  a  bishop,  by  reason  of  any  other  form 
of  institution,  consecration,  or  ordering,  than  the  form  set 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  105 

forth  in  the  late  king  Edward's  time,  and  now  used  in  the    CHA1>. 
reign  of  the  queen.     [Meaning  undoubtedly  to  comprehend      ^^'• 


papists,  and  likewise  such  as  received  their  orders  in  some  of  Anno  1571. 
the  foreign  reformed  churches,  when  they  were  in  exile  un- 
der queen  Mary.]  The  act  enjoined  all  such  and  all  others, 
having  any  ecclesiastical  living,  to  declare  their  assent,  be- 
fore the  bishop  of  the  diocese,  to  all  the  articles  of  religion, 
(which  only  concern  the  confession  a  of  the  true  Christian  "This  clause 

*^  ■  SGCDIS  to  t)6 

faith,  and  the  doctrine  of  the  sacraments,)  comprised  in  the  inserted  to 
book  imprinted,  entitled,  Articles,  whereupon  it  was  «g'^'^^^  "^'^'Vof  the 
by  the  archbishops  and  bishops,  ^c.  being  the  thi7'ty-nine  house  tha.t 
articles,  framed  in  the  synod  anno  1562.  And  to  subscribe '""''"''  ^°' 


a  new  con- 


them.  Which  was  to  be  testified  by  the  bishop  of  the  dio- fession  of 

,.,  .  -ii        ri  -A  faith  to  be 

cese,  under  his  seal.    Which  testimonial  he  [the  priest  or  ^^^^^ . 
minister]  was  openly,  on  some  Sunday,  in  time  of  P^^^^ic  ^^|j'^«^jj need- 
service  before  noon,  in  the  church  where  he  ought  to  at- those  ar- 
tend,  to  read,  together  with  the  said  articles,  [as  his  con- J|^!e^^°J^^^^^ 
fession  of  faith.]    Otherwise  to  be  ipso  facto  deprived;  and  the  church 
all  his  ecclesiastical  promotions  to  be  void.  land's^sufli- 

And  no  ecclesiastical  person  advisedly  to  maintain  or  af-  cient  con- 

^  "^  p  fession  of 

firm  any  doctrine,  directly  contrary  or  repugnant  to  any  ot  ti,e  true 
the  said  articles;  and  being  convented  before  the  bishop,  or ^J^'j^*'^" 
ordinary,  or  queen's  commissioners  ecclesiastical,  shall  per- 
sist therein,  or  not  revoke  his  error ;  or  after  such  revoca- 
tion, aeain  afiirm  such  untrue  doctrines;  in  such  case  it 
was  made  lawful  for  the  bishop  or  ordinary,  or  the  said 
commissioners,  to  deprive  such  person.  And  upon  such 
sentence  of  deprivation  to  be  actually  deprived. 

None  to  be  admitted  hereafter  to  any  benefice  with  cure,  72 
except  he  be  of  the  age  of  three  and  twenty  years  at  the  JJ^'^'j^fi^^'^- 
least,  and  a  deacon ;  and  first  have  subscribed  the  said  ar-  ministers, 
tides,  in  presence  of  the  ordinary,  and  publicly  read  the 
same  in  the  parish  church  of  that  benefice ;  with  declara- 
tion of  his  unfeigned  assent  to  the  same.   And  every  person 
after  the  end  of  that  session  of  parliament,  to  be  admitted 
to  a  benefice  with  cure,  within  two  months  after  his  induc- 
tion publicly  to  read  the  said  articles  in  his  parish  church  ; 


106       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    and  to  do  all  as  aforesaid.    Odierwise  to  incur  deprivation 
immediately  ipsojacto. 


1  nno  1571.  ^jg^  \^  ^^.^^^  enacted  in  the  same  statute,  that  none  should 
be  made  minister,  or  admitted  to  preach,  or  minister  the 
sacraments,  being  under  the  age  of  four  and  twenty  years ; 
nor  unless  he  should  first  bring  to  the  bishop  of  the  diocese 
from  men  known  to  the  bishop,  a  testimonial  both  of  his  ho- 
nest life,  and  of  his  professing  the  doctrine  expressed  in  the 
said  articles  ;  nor  unless  he  be  able  to  answer,  and  to  render 
to  the  ordinary  an  account  of  his  faith  in  Latin,  according 
to  the  said  articles ;  or  have  special  gift  and  ability  to  be  a 
preacher. 

None  to  be  admitted  to  the  order  of  a  deacon  or  minister, 
unless  he  shall  first  subscribe  the  Articles.  None  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  a  living  of  or  above  the  value  of  30/.  a  year  in 
the  queen''s  books,  without  he  be  bachelor  of  divinity,  or  a 
preacher  lawfully  allowed  by  some  bishop  of  this  realm,  or 
by  one  of  the  universities. 

All  admissions  to  benefices,  institutions,  and  inductions, 
contrary  to  the  form  of  any  provision  in  this  act ;  and  all 
tolerations,  dispensations,  qualifications,  and  licences  what- 
soever, that  shall  be  made  to  the  contrary,  to  be  merely 
void  in  law. 

Provided,  no  title  to  confer,  or  present  by  lapse,  to  accrue 
upon  any  deprivation  ipso  facto ;  but  after  six  months  after 
notice  of  such  deprivation  given  by  the  ordinary  to  the  pa- 
tron. 
Many  de-         By  force  of  this  act  many  that  held  benefices  and  ecclesi- 
^"^""^  ■        astical  preferments  were  deprived  in  this  and  the  following 
year.    I  find  these  two  among  others  in  the  diocese  of  Bath 
Resist.        and  Wells.     Henry  Thorn,  A.  B.  was  presented  by  Geo. 
Wells,         Speke,  knight,  to  the  church  of  East  Dolish,  Jan.  28, 1571, 
Matt.  Hut-  \yy  ^}jg  obstinacy  and  disobedience  of  Thomas  Elyot,  refus- 
lections.      ing,  or  at  least  neglecting  to  subscribe  in  his  proper  person 
to  the  articles  set  forth  anno  1562.    And  so  was  deprived. 
Again,  June,  1572,  Edward  Bremel,  alias  Cable,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  church  of  Wayford,  by  the  deprivation  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  107 

John  Haunce,  by  virtue  of  a  statute,  (as  it  runs  in  the  re-    ^^j^^- 
gister,)  13  Ehz.  entitled,  An  act  to  reform  certain  disorders . 
touching  ministers  of  the  church. 


Anno  1571. 


CHAP.  VIII. 

J  convocation.  Matters  done  there.  An  act  made,  very  "J 3 
benejicial  for  employment  of  midtitudes  qf  poor.  The 
queerbs  concernments  xvith  Scotland.  Endeavours  a  re- 
concilement qf  the  two  parties  there.  Her  resolution 
against  the  restoring  qf  the  Scottish  queen:  and  why. 
Articles  of  jmcif  cation  jjropotinded  by  the  queen  to  the 
txvo  parties  in  Scotland.  The  queerbS  agenfs  notable 
letter  to  Graunge  and  Liddington.  Sends  a  challenge 
to  the  French  ambassador.  His  letters  to  the  lord  regent 
qf  Scotland,  dul-e  qf  Lenox,  and  to  earl  Morton,  inter- 
cepted.   A  booh  writ  in  favour  of  the  queen  of  Scots. 

-L  HERE  was  now  also  a  convocation  ;  and  what  was  done  A  convoca- 
there  is  related  at  large  in  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Parker,  ^^feof 
Only  we  may  take  notice  of  some  things  observed  as  done  in  Archbisliop 
this  synod,  set  down  in  the  dedication  of  bishop  Jewel's  b.  4,  cii.  5. 
works  to  king  James;  namely,  that  the  synod  1571  did 
then  set  forth  this  canon  among  others,  for  the  direction  of 
those  that  were  preachers  and  pastors,  "  That  they  should 
"  never  teach  any  thing,  as  matter  of  faith,  religiously,  but 
"  that  which  was  agreeable  to  the  doctrine  of  the  Old  and 
"  New  Testament ;  or  collected  out  of  the  same  doctrine  by 
"  the  ancient  fathers  and  catholic  bishops  of  the  church." 

I  find  a  treatise  among  the  MSS.  of  William  Petyt,  esq.  Orders  in 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Wylson's  own  hand,  (who  was  master  of  ^!||'fy|.'JJj'j'_ 
St.  Katharine's  near  the  Tower,  and  afterwards  secretary  tion.  mss. 

1       ..,..,.  ^7  .  7      Guil.  Petyt, 

of  state,    a  very  learned   civilian,)   being  Orders  tn  eccle- ^rmig.  vol. 
siastical  jurisdiction.    Which  seems  to  have  been  drawn  up,  ^' 
to  be  confirmed  in  this  synod.     There  is  a  title,  For  pu- 
nishment qf  persons  convicted.    Another,  What  order  is  to 
be  taken  with  false  zcritings,  &c. 


108       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        To  the  bills  passed  into  acts  this  parliament,  there  is  one 
more,  (besides  those  mentioned  above,)  which  I  judge  not 


Anno  1571.  amiss  to  be  taken  notice  of,  though  it  have  no  other  relation 
makin-^  of  ^°  religion  than  charity,  which  comes  very  near  it.  It  con- 
caps,  for  cerned  the  queen's  care  of  employment  for  her  poorer  sort 
ment  of  ^  ^f  subjects.  It  was  for  continuance  of  making  and  wearing 
multitudes   woollen  caps,  in  behalf  of  the  trade  of  cappers :  providing, 

of  poor  11111  c     • 

people.  that  all  above  the  age  oi  six  years  (except  the  nobility  and 
some  others)  should,  on  sabbath-days  and  holydays,  wear 
caps  of  wool  knit,  thicked,  and  dressed  in  England,  upon  pe- 
nalty of  ten  groats.  But  notwithstanding  this  statute,  these 
caps  went  very  much  out  of  fashion,  and  the  wearing  of  hats 
prevailed.  Which  caused  the  queen,  two  or  three  years 
after,  to  take  such  notice  of  it,  as  to  set  forth  a  strict  pro- 
clamation for  the  enforcing  of  the  wearing  of  caps,  the  be- 
nefit whereof  being  of  more  public  good  than  at  present  was 
perceived ;  namely,  the  employment  of  such  vast  numbers 
of  idle,  poor,  and  impotent  people  throughout  the  whole 
nation,  that  otherwise  must  either  have  starved,  begged,  or 
74  robbed.  Which  thus  that  proclamation  expressed,  (men- 
tioning the  said  act  made  in  the  parliament  the  13th  of  her 
reign,)  "  That  it  was  for  the  relief  of  divers  poor  towns, 
"  and  of  great  multitudes  of  her  poor  subjects,  Avho  other- 
"  wise  were  like  to  perish,  or  to  become  vmprofitable  or 
"  dangerous  unto  the  commonweal :  and  that  by  means  of 
"  this  statute,  great  numbers  of  idle,  poor,  and  impotent 
"  persons  were  set  on  work,  while  the  awe  of  the  said  sta- 
"  tute,  and  fear  of  due  execution  thereof  continued,  to  the 
"  marvellous  great  commodity  of  this  realm,  and  help  of  the 
"  needy,  and  redress  of  evil  occupied  persons  ;  as  by  experi- 
"  ence  thereof  had  been  notably  proved." 
Tiie  queen's  gy^  these  caps,  it  seems,  not  long  after  went  out  of  fa- 
tion  for  shiou ;  and  so  the  trade  decayed :  which  caused  the  (jueen 
Th^*"' And  ^^  ^^^  forth  the  said  proclamation.  It  set  forth  further, 
why.  "  How  that  by  little  and  little  the  disobedience  and  wanton 

"  disorder  of  evil-disposed  and  light  persons,  more  regard- 
"  ing  private  fantasies  and  vanity,  than  public  commodity 
"  or  respect  of  duty,  had  increased  by  want  of  execution  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  109 

the  said  law.     Whereby  those  good  and  honest  subjects,    CHA?. 
that  had  by  means  of  the  said  statute  set  to  work  a  great      ^''*'- 


"  number  of  poor  people,  were  like  to  be  driven  to  give  over  Anno  1571. 

"  their  said  trades,  and  to  send  abroad  again  into  idleness 

"  and  misery  those  multitudes  that  had  been  by  them  re- 

"  lieved.    Whereby  was  like  to  grow  great  enormity  and  in- 

"  convenience,  if  speedy  remedy  were  not  provided.    There- 

"  fore  she  charged  and  commanded  all  justices  of  assize, 

"  justices  of  peace,  mayors,  sheriffs,  &c.  that  every  of  them, 

"  according  to   their  office,  place,  and  calling,  should  do 

"  their  uttermost,  for  the  due  execution  of  the  said  statute. 

"  And  that  bailiffs,  constables,  churchwardens,  &c.  every 

"  Sunday  and  festival  day,  make  diligent  view  and  search, 

*'  in  all  churches,  chapels,  and  all  other  places,  within  the 

"  circuits  and  compasses  of  their  offices,  for  all  and  singular 

"  breakers  and  offenders  of  the  said  statute ;  and  Avithout 

*'  delay  cause  the  names  of  such  offenders,  and  of  their  pa- 

"  rents,  guardians,  governors,  and  masters  of  every  child, 

"  servant,  and  ward  so  offending,  together  with  the  day 

"  and  place  of  the  offence  committed,  to  be  then  written, 

"  and  lawfully  ordered  and  presented,"  &c. 

The  great  importance  of  this  manufacture,  for  the  sup- The  benefit 
port  of  the  lower  rank  of  the  queen's  people,  was  more  fully  nufac'turr' 
declared  in  that  act  aforesaid,  in  these  words,  worthy  of  to  the  na- 

mi  1  !•  1  ^         /.tiot),  set 

note :   "  1  hat  the  company  01  cappers,  by  means  only  of  fortu  in  the 

"  their  trade  and  science  of  capping,  not  only  maintained '*<^'^'^^^P-''''- 

"  their  wives,  children,  and  families,  in  good  and  conve- 

"  nient  state  and  degree,  but  set  on  work  a  great  number 

*'  and  multitude  of  other  poor  persons,  men,  women,  and 

"  children ;  and  also  such  as  were  halt,  and  decrepid,  and 

"  lame ;   using  them  in  sundry  exercises  belonging  to  that 

"  occupation,  as  carders,  spinners,  knitters,  parters  of  wool, 

"  forcers,  thickers,  dressers,  Avalkers,  dyers,  battelers,  shear- 

*'  ers,  pressers,  edgers,  liners,  bandmakers,  and  other  exer- 

"  cises :   who  had  in  manner  thereby  maintained  and  re- 

"  lieved  themselves  and  their  families.     And  by  reason  of 

"  their   labour  and    exercise   therein,   had   eschewed    and 

"  avoided  not  only  the  great  annoyance  of  the  towns  they 


110       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  dwelt  in,  who  for  lack  of  exercise  must  have  been  forced 

'_ "  to  beg,  but  also  had  kept  them  from  ranging  and  gadding 

Anao  1571."  through  the  realm,  in  practising  sundry  kinds  of  lewd- 
J5  "  ness,  as  too  many  of  them  now  did.  And  also,  by  the 
"  means  of  this  good  exercise  and  occupation,  a  great  many 
"  of  personable  men  had  at  all  times  been  ready,  and  well 
"  able,  when  they  were  called,  to  serve  the  queen,  or  her 
"  most  noble  progenitors,  in  time  of  war,  or  elsewhere ; 
"  until  of  late  days,  that  most,  or  in  manner  all  men  had 
"  forborne  and  left  off  the  using  and  wearing  of  caps.  Tiiis 
"  tended  also  to  the  great  impoverishing  and  utter  undoing 
"  of  the  company  of  cappers  ;  and  to  the  decay,  ruin,  and 
"  desolation  of  divers  ancient  cities  and  boroughs,  which 
"  had  been  the  nourishers  and  bringers  up  in  that  faculty  of 
"  great  numbers  of  people  ;  as  London,  which  by  good  re- 
"  port  maintained  eight  thousand  persons,  exercised  in  this 
"  facult}' :  also  Exeter,  Bristow,  Monmouth,  Hereford, 
"  Rosse,  Bridgnorth,  Bewdlcy,  Gloucester,  Worcester, 
"  Chester,  Nantwich,  and  many  more." 

Affairs  abroad  affected  the  nation,  and  the  state  of  reli- 
gion here  at  home,  especially  the  intrigues  of  the  Scottish 
queen,  and  the  match  with  the  duke  d'Anjou. 
The  queen       The  queen  was   so  certainly  informed   of  the   Scottish 

concerned  ,  ii/--!")--  •  i  i  i 

in  Scotcli     queen  s  and  her  iriends    mtrigues   against    her,   that    she 
matters.      found  it  necessary  to  keep  her  strait ;   suffering  none  (but 
persons  of  her  own)  of  all  sorts  to  be  about  that  queen''s 
person.     Now  she  pretended  a  great  fear  of  her  life,  and 
craved  a  ghostly  father,  being  catholic,  to  be  with  her :  for 
in  truth  many  of  her  servants  had  been  discharged,  having 
been  foimd  to  be  dangerous  practisers.     And  queen  Eliza- 
beth, upon  this  experience,  plainly  noted  to  the  states  of 
Scotland,  that  she  would  never  suffer  that  queen  to  have 
her  government  in  Scotland  restored  to  her.     Her  business 
now  was  to  further  the  young  king  of  Scots  his  affairs,  (who 
The  two      was  set  up  by  the  protestant  party  in  that  kingdom,)  and 
there!*        ^^^  friends,  against  the  Scottish  queen's  party.     The  lord 
Hunsdon  at  Berwick  had  a  commission  in  October,  to  set 
a  good  face  upon  the  matter,  to  bring  Graimge  (who  held 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  Ill 

out  the  castle  of  Edinburgh  for  that  queen)  to  the  king's    CHAP. 

•  VI  IT 

devotion:  but  if  he  could  not,  they  of  the  queen's  council 


were  of  opinion  that  he  should  force  them.     And  the  queen  Anno  1571. 
was  now  in  hand  (as  the  lord  Burghley  writ  in  certain  of  his  Burghiey's 
letters)  to  make  an  accord  between  Liddington  and  Graunge  ^y*JJi,^lJ. 
in  the  castle,  and  the  regent,  two  considerable  parties,  theiiJim. 
difficulty  between  them  being  rather  particular  than  pub- 
lic.    They  in  the  castle   looked   to  have  their  offices  and 
lands  restored  ;  and  first,  surety  to  be  given,  that  Graunge 
might  remain  captain  of  the  castle.     The  other  party  [for 
the  king,  Avho  were  protestants]  were  to  keep  what  they 
had  catched,  as  bishoprics  and  abbeys.     Wherein  the  lord 
Burghiey's  judgment  was,  that  he  thought  the  next  avoid- 
ing [of  these  bishoprics  and  abbeys]  might  help.    But  that 
greediness  and  mistrust  kept  them  asunder :  and  he  feared 
more  the  wilfulness  of  the  king's  party,  than  the  conforma- 
tion of  the  adverse. 

The  account  queen  Elizabeth  gave  the  French  ambassa-The  queen 
dor,  of  her  concern  in  this  Scotch  quarrel,  was,  that  she  had  intention 
no  other  intention  in  the  matter  of  Scotland,  but  to  have  the  ti>'rein  to 

,         .  .  .    .  ,      ,  the  French 

hostility  and  civil  wars  there  to  cease,  and  the  government  ambassador. 
of  the  realm  to  be  established  to  the  contentation  of  the  na-  ^6 
tion.     For  which  purpose  she  had  sent  to  both  parties  at  dif- 
ference, to  accord  an  abstinence  from  war  ;   so  as  they  might 
the  better  treat  and  act  among  themselves. 

And  for  this  good  end  and  purpose  she  propounded  to  Articles  of 
them  articles  of  pacification,   containing  the  queen's  ma- ^^^^^1^^*^^ '°" 
jesty's  intention  for  reducing  the  realm  of  Scotland  to  an  mended  by 
inward  peace,  (as  the  preface  to  the  articles  ran,)  and  so  to  to  the  Scots. 
continue  free  from  civil  wars  and  dissensions,  [which  now  '^'^^^  ^^'^~ 

.  dolpli. 

were  between  the  lords  on  the  Scottish  queen's  side,  and 
the  protestants,  who  had  set  up  her  son  to  be  king.]  The 
first  article  was,  "  That  the  whole  state  of  Scotland,  in  all 
"  degrees  of  subjection,  may  submit  themselves  to  the  au- 
"  thority  of  the  king,  and  do,  give,  acknowledge,  and  yield 
"  full  obedience  to  him.  And  that  the  principal  states  of 
"  the  land,  that  is,  the  nobihty,  prelatie,  and  the  cities  and 
"  boroughs,  do  acknowledge  the  same  by  oath,  and  sub- 


112       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  scription  in  writing.     And  that  all  the  same  be  confirmed 
'        "by  a  general  consent  in  parliament.     And  in  the  same 
Anno  1671.  "  parliament  to  reestablish,  as  cause  shall  require,  all  things 
"  concluded  in   the  late  parliament,  for  the  cause  of  reli- 
"  gion.""      [Which  was   mentioned   under   the  last  year.] 
There  was  also  an  addition  to  these  articles,  of  more  se- 
crecy, with  some  enlargements  to  some  other  shorter  and 
general  articles  ;  according  to  the  instructions  given  to  Ran- 
dolph, her  agent. 
She  will  As,  "  To  the  first,  the  adverse  party  to  the  king  must 

the  Scottish  "  directly  understand,  that  the  queen  of  Scots  (whose  per- 
queen  to  be  a  g^j^  jg  ^^^^^  jj^  England)  hath  of  late  attempted  such  and 

restored.  ."  ' ,  .  111  •• 

And  why.    "  SO  many  enterprises  against  her  majesty,  both  by  stirring 

"  of  rebellion  in  her  majesty's  realm,  and  by  provoking  of 

"  foreign  power  to  enter  into  the    realm  ;    all  which  had 

"  been  enterprised  indeed,  if  God  had  not  this  last  August 

"  given  to  her  majesty  cause  to  stay  it,  by  committing  the 

"  duke  of  Norfolk  to  the  Tower  of  London  ;  as  none  can 

"  trust,  that  her  majesty  will  ever  of  herself  suffer  the  said 

"  queen  of  Scots  to  have  liberty  with  power  to  attempt  the 

"  like  again.     And  therefore,  without  any  further  question, 

"  for  the  queen  to  rule  alone  by  restitution,  or  jointly  with 

"  her  son,  it  must  be  answered,  that  the  expectation  thereof 

"  is  in  vain.    And  to  imagine  any  other  government  of  such 

"  a  realm  as  Scotland  is,  but  by  the  king,  who  is  the  native 

"  prince  in  blood,  and  in  possession  invested,  is  a  mere  fan- 

"  tastical  device,  and  not  to  be  heard  of.     So  as  this  article 

"  must  be  clearly  answered  for  the  king,  or  else  the  rest  are 

"  in  vain  to  be  treated." 

The  queen's      Now  to  bring  over  the  abovesaid  Graunge  and  Lidding- 

tfrto*  '^^'  ^^"  ^^'^"^  ^^^^  Scottish  queen,  Mr.  Randolph  wrote  them  a 

Grange  and  notable  eloquent  letter  in  March,  after  divers  communica- 

to  bring""'  tions  with  them   together,  to  little  effect.     His  letter  was 

them  off      pursuant  to  the  queen''s  command,  to  deal  with    them  to 

from  her.         ,  ,        ,  .  ,  i  1     1  i  a       • 

obey  the  king,  and  to  acknowledge  the  regent.  Against 
which  they  alleged  for  themselves  conscience,  honour,  and 
safety.  For  the  satisfying  them  in  the  firSt,  he  urged, 
"  that  that  queen  was  not  worthy  to  live,  whose  cause  they 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  113 

"  defended,  that  had  committed  such  horrible  offences.   And    CHAP. 
"  tliat  there  was  therefore  no  matter  of  conscience  in  put-  ' 


"  ting  her  down,  and  less  in  obeying  her.     That  this  they  Anno  1571. 

"  knew  themselves ;  this  they  had  spoken  of  themselves ;  ^J^ 

"  and  that  they  had  wrote  against  her,  fought  against  her, 

"  and  were  the  chiefest  cause  of  her  apprehension  and  im- 

"  prisonment,  and  dimission  of  the  crown :  if  at  that  time 

"  there  was  nothing  done  against  conscience,  he  asked,  what 

"  moved  them  to  make  it  a  matter  of  conscience  now  to  leave 

"  her,  and  to  allege  conscience  for  setting  up  her  that  had 

"  been  the  overthrow  of  their  country  ? 

"  Neither  should  the  point  o^ honour  move  them,  in  which 
"  the  world  was  chiefly  respected :  that  might  be  solved, 
"  and  themselves  by  all  honest  and  godly  men  better  al- 
"  lowed  of.  That  in  respect  of  their  country''s  weal,  they 
"  should  yield  somewhat  of  their  own,  yea,  though  to  their 
"  disadvantage,  than  to  see  daily  so  much  blood  shed.  That 
"  honour  was  to  be  respected,  where  justice  proceeded.  That 
"  if  the  cause  they  defended  were  unjust,  what  honour 
"  could  there  be  to  maintain  it  ?  But  rather  shame  to  stand 
"  so  long  by  it  as  they  had  done.''"' 

And  as  to  the  third,  viz.  their  scifety,  he  applied  himself 
first  to  Liddington.  "  They  [the  queen  and  state  of  Eng- 
"  land]  were  with  him  in  care  of  mind,  had  compassion  of 
"  his  present  hard  state  and  extremities  apparent  to  ensue ; 
"  as  friends,  they  lamented  it.  Thus  far  therefore  they  pro- 
"  mised,  that  his  state  by  composition  should  be  no  worse 
"  than  theirs  presently  vvas,  that  had  been  of  their  part  and 
"  mind  with  them.  Safety  to  their  lives  they  dared  to  pro- 
"  mise ;  restitution  to  their  lands  and  livings  they  dared 
"  assure  them  of;  for  the  recovery  of  their  losses,  there 
"  should  be  as  much  done  as  lay  in  them.  That  if  they 
"  doubted  of  the  regent,  they  seemed  to  know  less  now 
"  than  beforetime  they  had  done ;  whose  honesty  towards 
"  the  world  they  had  allowed  of  in  time  past ;  and  whose 
"  particular  good-will  towards  them  was  well  reported  and 
"  thought  of.  Of  his  zeal  and  love  towards  the  word  of 
"  God,  and  love  to  his  country,  no  man  ever  doubted.    And 

VOL.   TI.  I 


114       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  that  such  a  reverence  he  bore  to  queen  Elizabeth,  to  fol- 
______"  low  her  advice,  that  neither  should  his  promise  be  broken 


Anno  1571."  unto  them,  nor  any  thing  be  left  undone  by  him,  that 
"  was  in  his  power  to  perform.  If  they  doubted  the  lord 
"  Morton,  they  should  have  the  like  security  of  him.  Fur- 
"  ther,  they  should  have  the  queen  and  England  their 
"  friends,  &c.  faithful,  and  indifferent  any  way  that  they 
"  could  to  do  them  good.  But  if  nothing  would  do,  he 
"  bade  them  trust  him  upon  his  word,  they  stayed  to  their 
"  destruction. '"*  But  the  whole  letter,  as  opening  the  trans- 
actions at  that  time  between  England  and  Scotland,  and 
the  infamy  the  Scottish  queen  then  lay  under,  I  have  put 
N°.ix.       into  the  Appendix. 

He  comes  in      This  Randolph  had  been  lately  sent  to  bring  the  Scottish 

the  king's    quccn's  party  over  to  the  king.     And  on  the  25th  of  March 

P^'^f^'         (which  was  hard  at  hand)  the  assembly  of  the  fnends  of 

much  to  the  either  party  was  to  be  at  Leith,  where  Randolph  was.    And 

Durham"      being  to  make  a  judgment  of  this  affair,  he  was  not  long  to 

continue  there  after,  as  he  wrote  to  the  bishop  of  Durham : 

"  And  that  they  of  the  castle  attended  La  Croke,  a  French- 

"  man,  that  was  coming ;    thinking  to  find  more  comfort 

"  and  assistance  at  his  hands,  than  England  could  or  would 

"  give  them,  except  they  would  acknowledge  their  obedi- 

"  ence  to  the  king  and  regent ;  which  hitherto  they  refused 

78  "  to  do.     But  England  without  that  could  do  nothing  for 

"  them  ;"  as  he  added  in  his  letter  to  that  bishop. 

He  chai-         While  Randolph  was  here,  Viracque,  the  French  am- 

lengeththe  ^       .  '  ^  . 

French  am-  bassador,  was   also  in   Scotland,   transacting  the  contrary 
bassador.     j^^^^      B^t  \^q  \^r^f\^  [^  scems,  falsely  reported  of  the  said 
Randolph,  in  some  private  intelligence,  and  likewise  of  the 
queen :  which  coming  to  the  ears  of  that  English  gentle- 
man, he  shewed  an  English  courage  by  a  challenge  he  sent 
MSS.  Ran-  Viracque,  in  these  words,  as  I  find  it  in  Randolph's  own 
^  '         MSS.  "  Monsieur  Virac,  I  have  seen,  as  I  am  informed, 
"  some  writings  of  yours  in  cipher,  containing  these  Avords, 
"  &c. :  which  toucheth  me  greatly  in  honour,  and  I  doubt 
"  to  the  queen  my  mistress,  as  to  have  trafficked  with  Mr. 
"  Ar.  D  .  for  the  conveyance  of  the  French  ambassador's 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  115 

"  letters  in  England  to  you.    Wherefore  this  I  write,  and    CHAP. 

VIII 
"  signify  unto  you  by  these  presents,  that  if  you  have  writ- 


"  ten  the  words  above  mentioned,  you  have  not  done  the^""°  '^'''• 

"  part  of  an  honest  man ;  and  that  in  so  writing,  you  have 

"  Hed  falsely  in  your  throat :  which  I  will  maintain  with  m}*^ 

"  body  against  him,  you,  or  any  man  living,  of  my  quality, 

"  or  under  the  same,  my  charge  at  this  time  set  apart.    For 

"  that  I  never  had  any  such  talk  with  him,  or  he  with  me. 

"  Answer  hereunto,  if  you  think  good." 

Randolph  soon  returned  back  to  London.  And  from  Randoipirs 
thence,  on  the  10th  of  April,  he  despatched  a  letter  to  the  tercepted. 
earl  of  Lenox,  [Matthew  Stuart,]  lord  regent  of  Scotland, 
(grandfather  to  the  king,  and  his  governor,  and  slain  this 
year  by  the  adverse  party,  that  held  for  the  queen,)  and  on 
the  next  day  to  earl  Morton.  Both  letters  had  respect  unto 
a  conference  at  queen  Elizabeth's  court,  for  com  promising- 
matters  between  Mary  the  Scottish  queen,  and  those  that 
had  the  government  of  the  king's  person,  (who  was  now  but 
five  or  six  years  old,)  by  certain  commissioners  on  both  sides. 
Which  brake  up  without  any  peaceable  issue;  especially 
those  of  the  Scottish  queen's  side,  who  required  absolutely 
her  liberty.  But  both  these  letters  were  seized;  the  post- 
boy delivering  them  to  the  bishop  of  Galloway,  one  of  that 
queen's  commissioners,  and  was  gone  from  London  unto 
her.  Which  letters  should  have  been  delivered  to  earl 
Morton,  being  a  commissioner  on  the  king's  side,  that  was 
also  going  to  Scotland.  The  said  intercepted  letters  Avere 
brought  to  the  Scottish  queen ;  and  by  her  sent  to  queen 
Elizabeth,  with  heavy  complaints  of  Mr.  Randolph,  by  the 
French  minister,  notwithstanding  the  letters  were  written  by 
her  majesty's  commandment.  These  letters,  to  aggravate 
some  passages  in  them,  (having  lines  drawn  under  them,) 
had  postils  or  notes  set  in  the  margin,  which  were  the  Scot- 
tish queen's,  or  made  by  some  about  her,  to  aggravate  the 
matter  the  more  against  him,  This  complaint  was  written 
in  a  paper  that  wrapped  up  these  letters.  Both  these  letters 
and  the  notes  I  shall  exhibit,  taken  from  the  very  originals, 
late  in  my  hands  and  possession. 

i2 


116       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  To  my  lord  regent's  grace  of  Scotland. 

"  Your  grace  shal  hear  so  much  of  the  state  of  al  things 


Anno  1571.  '<  here  [at  the  Enghsh  court]  by  my  lord  Morton,  and  other 
resent  ""^  "  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  Company,  that  I  need  not  trouble  your  grace 
Foxii  MSS.  "  with  any  long  letters ;  only  testifying  my  good-wil,  and 
79  "  desire  to  have  al  matters  succeeded  to  your  grace*'s  con- 
"  tentment.  But  seeing  that  cannot  be,  I  trust  your  grace 
'^jlf!',*^     "  wil  ^taK'e  the  next  best,  havin/r  in  the  mean  time  this 

meddleth  _  . 

with  the  "  cause  to  rejoyce,  that  your  grace's  enemies  have  had 
affah-"  ^  "  ^  ii^ich  less  of  their  xoills  than  they  looked  for :  and  by 
•>  Herein  he  "  my  lord  of  Morton's  grave  and  wise  dealings,  gotten  unto 
promiseth    a  yQ^j.  gj-ace  mo  friends  in  your  actions  than  ever   vou 

the  queen  ,  '' 

our  mis-  "  had.  In  whose  roil,  if  al  things  were,  your  grace  should 
struct^ion'  "  ^"^  ^  short  end  to  al  these  cumbers  now  your  grace  is  in. 
be  the  help  «'  I  am  hartily  glad  of  the  good  success  your  grace  hath 
friends  in  "  had  in  taking  of  Dunbriton ;  a  happy  turn  to  your  grace's 
thiscountry.ct  country,  no  smal  benefit  to  yourself,  and  ^such  a  dis- 
hei^merei  '^^  pl^cisure  to  youT  grace''s  adversaries,  as  none  can  be 
the  queen  «  greater,  except  God  should  deliver  you  of  her  that  is  the 
tress's  "  cause  ofyouT  whole  troubles.  I  doubt  not  but  your  good 
death :  put-  a  grace  wil  sce  to  the  keepinsr  of  it.     And  as  God  in  this 

tis  others  in        ^  i  i        •       • 

hope  there.  "  hath  shewed  a  great  good  beginning  of  his  favour  towards 
^h  ,j"g  ^jjg  "  your  grace  and  country,  so  I  doubt  not  but  he  shal  re- 
same  him-  "  ceive  the  worthy  honour  due  unto  him  for  so  great  a  be- 
"  nefit.  God  have  your  grace  in  his  keeping.  At  London 
"  the  X.  of  April,  1571. 

"  Your  grace's  humble  at  commaundment, 

"  Tho.  Randolph." 

That  to  earl  Morton,  dated  the  day  following,  was  to  this 
tenor. 
To  earl  "  Since  your  lordship  departed  hence,  we  have  had  no  news 

"  of  any  great  importance,  trusting  and  looking  hartily  to 
"  hear  from  the  lord  regent  some  confirmation  of  that  which 
"  was  written  to  your  lordship  touching  Dumbriton  ;  which 
"  the  bishops  of  Rosse  and  Galloway  in  no  case  wil  admit 
"  to  be  true,  but  give  out  that  it  is  Dumbar,  and  not  Dum- 
"  briton.     And  immediately  after  they  heard  the  novels* 


self. 


Morton. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  117 

"  they  sent  a  post  to  their  mistress,  not  to  believe  any  re-    CHAP. 
"  port  until  they  came  themselves. 


"  The  bishop  of  Galloway  hath  been  among  many  of  our  ^""^0  i^7i. 
*'  bishops,  laying  out  his  learning  to  defend  his  mistress"'s 
*'  honour  with  great  eloquence.     As  also  his  son  hath  writ- 
"  ten  a  book  in  Latin,  approving  her  authority,  excusing  the 
"  murther,  blaming  the  disobedience  of  her  rebellious  sub- 
'^Jects,  that  deposed  her  from  the  crown.     '^  Treat  him  ill"!  Persuad- 
"  zohen  he  comes  home,  and  if  it  be  possible,  let  a  copy  of  queen's  ma- 
"  it  be  gotten.     This  day  they  depart  out  of  this  town  J'^**f  °"'' 

o  J  ./  i  raisriesses 

"  [London]  towards  their  queen  ;  and  then  ^  zvhat  becomes  gud  sub- 
"  of  them  I  hnow  not.  Now  I  must  pray  your  lordship  tOg'^.'Ji^ij^jj.^ 
"  take  al  our  doings  here  in  good  part.  I  trust  that  there  deiid. 
"  is  better  meant  than  doth  yet  appear.  I  pray  you,  cast  ^^  "jadiel 
"  not  the  cools  with  us  over  hastily.  You  see  how  Godcommis- 
"  blessed  al  your  actions  unlooked  for;  and  so  wil  from  su„,  g^ji 
"time  to  time  prosper  them,  so  long  as  they  are  guided P'''*ctices in 

JO  their  wav 

"  under  his  fear.  With  my  very  harty  commendations  to 
"  both  my  other  good  lords  with  you,  I  pray  God  send  you 
*'  a  happy  journey,  and  safe  to  return  to  your  country.  At 
"  London,  the  xi.  of  April,  1571. 

"  Your  honourable  lordships  at  commaundment, 

"  Tho.  Randolph." 


CHAP.   IX.  80 

The  diike  of  Norfolk  unliappily  engaged  with  the  Scottish 
queen.  The  discovery  thereof;  by  French  money  inter- 
cepted^ sent  to  the  Diihe^Jbr  her  use  in  Scotland.  A  let- 
ter in  cipher  to  him  from  that  queen.  The  duke's  con- 
fession ;  and  of  his  servants.  The  duke''s  words  at  his 
condemnation :  the  execution  put  off"  by  the  queen.  And 
why.  One  Rolph,  a  concealer,  executed.  And  why.  Ma- 
ther and  Verney,  hired  to  kill  the  lord  Burghley ;  exe- 
cuted. Dr.  Story  executed.  Some  particular  accounts  of 
his  death ;  and  of  his  cruelty.  His  last  will.  Darbi- 
shire  the  Jesuit ;  his  discourse  about  the  English  affairs. 

J.  HOMAS  duke  of  Norfolk,  a  protestant,  and  one  of  the  Transac- 

q  tions  be- 


118       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    prime  nobility  of  England,  and  beloved  of  the  people,  was 
unhappily  engaged  with  the  Scottish  queen,  that  gave  the 


ham. 


Anno  1571.  nation  so  much  disquiet,  and  the  queen  so  much  jealousy,  as 
duke'of  ^  ^^^  have  heard.  But  engaged  he  was  in  that  queen''s  cause, 
Norfolk  and  out  of  hope  of  marrying  her.     The  first  discovery  of  the  re- 

the  Scottish  •  p     i  •        *  o  i  /-kp 

queen  dis-  Hcwing  oi  that  matter  was  m  August  or  September.  Or 
covered.  which  the  loi'd  Burghley  informed  Walsingham,  the  am- 
LordBurgh- bassador   in   France,   viz.    "  That   some   matter  was   dis- 

lev's  letter 

to  Waising- "  Covered,  that  my  lord  of  Norfolk  should  still  mind  the 
"  matter  of  the  Scottish  queen.  For  that  there  was  inter- 
"  cepted  a  good  portion  of  money,  that  was  by  letter  in 
*'  cipher,  directed  to  the  lord  Herris,  (which,  as  appeared 
"  afterwards,  was  French  money,  and  delivered  to  the  duke 
"  by  the  French  ambassador,)  for  help  of  the  Scottish 
*'  queen"'s  party  in  Scotland.""  And  that  the  same  was  sent 
by  one  Higford,  the  duke's  secretary ;  who  was  by  order 
from  Audley-inn  (where  the  court  now  was)  taken  and 
committed  at  London.  And  September  2,  was  examined 
by  sir  Tho.  Smith,  who  the  day  before  went  from  Audley- 
inn  thither  for  that  purpose.  The  lord  Burghley  subjoined, 
that  he  was  sorry  that  duke  should  be  found  undutiful ;  but 
if  it  were  so,  he  was  glad  it  should  be  known :  which  caused 
him  to  inquire  of  Walsingham  after  another  servant  of  the 
duke's,  viz.  one  Liggons,  that  had  long  been  about  Paris 
and  the  court  there. 

Of  the  same  matter,  about  the  same  time,  did  the  earl  of 
Leicester  give  Walsingham  these  hints :  "  That  the  cause 
"  went  hard  against  the  duke,  even  by  his  own  confession : 
- "  and  that  vehement  suspicions  were  of  more  evil  than  he 
"  ever  thought  could  fall  out  in  liim.  And  he  believed  the 
"  queen  would  proceed  according  to  equity  and  justice;  and 
"  added,  that  she  had  cause  to  use  but  small  mercy." 

After  a  little  while  this  matter  came  more  fully  to  light. 
Which  the  lord  Burghley  declared,  in  his  correspondence 
with  Walsingham,  to  this  tenor:  "  That  De  Foix,  the 
"  French  ambassador,  delivered  money  to  the  duke  or  his 
"  order:  and  that  so  Walsingham  might  aver  the  truth  of 
81"  it.     That  the  money  was  taken,  being  by  the  duke's  com- 


Vehenient 
suspicions 
of  him. 
Earl  of 
Leicester 
to  Walsing 
ham. 


The  duke's 
crimes. 
Compl. 
Amb. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  119 

"  mandment   (as  he  averred  and   confessed)   received    by    CHAP. 
"  Barker  his  man,  from  the  French  ambassador  ;  and  was 


"  to  have  been  sent  to  Banister,  the  duke's  man,  dwelling  at  Anno  1571. 

"  Shrewsbury,  and  so  to  one  Lowther  and  others  of  the 

"  duke's  servants,  secretly  kept  upon  the  west  borders.  And 

"  by  him  should  have  been  sent  to  the  lord  Harris,  and  by 

"  him  to  Liddington.     That  there  was  also  in  the  bag  let- 

"  ters  in  ciphers  from  the  French  ambassador  to  Virac,  the 

"  French  agent  in  Scotland.    That  hereof  Monsieur  de  Foix 

"  (who  was  now  gone)  made  mention  before  his  departure, 

"  and  thought  there  was  no  other  matter  against  the  duke, 

"  which  I   would,  added  the  lord  that  wrote   this  letter, 

"  there  were  not.    But  it  appeared  there  was  much  more  of 

"  o-reat  danger ;  and  that  God  was  to  be  thanked  that  it 

"  was  discovered ;  as  now  it  was.     For  there  was  found  a 

"  long  discourse  about  the  duke,  sent  from  the  queen  of 

"  Scots  in  cipher  to  him  the  7th  of  February  last.     By 

"  which  the  said  queen  layeth  before  the  duke,  how  she  was 

"  counselled  from  Spain  to  fly  thither ;  misliking  utterly  of 

"  the  French,  by  reason  of  the  doubt  of  the  queen's  mar- 

"  riage  with  Anjou :  that  she  used  hard  words  against  the 

"  queen-mother,  that  she  did  in  this  discourse  conclude,  that 

"  she  would  make  a  semblance  to  the  Spaniard  of  her  liking 

"  of  Don  John  oi  Austria,  although  she  assured  the  duke 

"  of  her  countenance.     That  she  moved,  that  Ridolph  [an 

"  Italian  merchant  here  in  London,  and  privy  to  these  con- 

"  cerns,]  might  be  sent  to  Rome ;  and  to  be  directed  wholly 

"  by  the  duke  of  Norfolk."     With  many  other  things  of 

like  sort  in  that  letter. 

The  lord  Burghley  added,  that  the  duke  confessed  the  The  duke's 
receipt  of  this  from  the  queen  of  Scots  :  but  denied  that  he  \l^^Ui^^ 
was  privy  to  Ridolph's  going,  otherwise  than  that  he  was 
earnestly  desired  of  the  bishop  of  Ross  to  instruct  him,  and 
to  write  by  him  to  the  duke  of  Alva,  to  require  aid  of  men 
and  money  for  the  queen's  party  in  Scotland.  But  that  in 
it  he  refused  to  deal,  because  of  the  peril  thereof.  He  con- 
fessed four  letters  he  had  received  from  the  Scottish  queen 
within  these  twelve  months,  and  did  answer  them  by  writing, 

I  4 


120       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    aJ^tl  all  in  cipher  :  but  that  they  were  all  of  thanks,  and  to 
^         move  the  queen  to  depend  only  upon  the  queen's  majesty. 


Anno  1571.  But  herein  the  duke  could   make  none  of  them   [of  the 
qucen''s  council]  credit  him.     The  duke  said  also,  that  be- 
fore the  sending  of  this  money,  he  helped  the  French  am- 
bassador to  send  his  packet  to  Virac  in  July.     They  had 
also  found  his  cipher  between  the  Scottish  queen  and  him ; 
but  that  all  the  writings  were  conveyed  away  ;  which  he  said 
were  by  him  burnt.     That  now  they  had  great  cause  to 
think  that  he  was  privy  to  the  dangerous  practice,  in  which 
they  found  Ridolph  to  have  been  with  the  duke  of  Alva ;  in 
ofFering;  him  that  a  rebellion  should  be  moved  here  this  sum- 
mer,  if  that  duke  would  assist  it.     But  of  this  the  duke  of 
Norfolk  would  not  be  known. 
The  duke's        The  duke''s  servants  soon  confessed  all.     Barker,  one  of 
confess\he  ^hcm,  being  arraigned,  (as  the  lord  Burghley  writ  about  the 
treason.       beginning  of  February,)  confessed  the  treason,  and  said,  that 
the  beginning  of  the  offence  was,  in  that  he  regarded  more 
the  love  and  pleasing  of  the  duke  his  master,  than  of  his 
prince  and  his  country ;  and  so  freely  confirmed  the  duke''s 
82  guiltiness.     The  next,  Higford,  his  secretary,  did  also  con- 
fess, terming  it  a  concealment  of  his  master''s  treasons ;  and 
added,  that  he  did  oftentimes  dissuade  the  duke  from  the 
same.    These  open  acts  fortified  the  duke's  condemnation. 
The  French      ^'^  ^^^^  midst  of  tlicsc  discovcries,  so  much  to  the  shame  of 
aiuhassadd-  the  French  ambassador,  (and  his  master  too,)  he  had  the 

demands  his  „  ,  i    i  •  i 

money  seiz-  contioence  to  scud  his  secretary  to  the  court,  requiring  to 
^**'  have  his  money  again.     To  whom  the   lord  Burghlcv  an- 

swered, that  it  must  be  demanded  of  them  to  whom  he  de- 
livered it.    And  notwithstanding  this  answer,  he  came  again, 
desiring  he  might  have  his  majesty's  money  intercepted, 
sent  towards  Virac  to  Scotland. 
First  )ro-        From  a  journal  of  CecilPs,  I  have  these  particulars  of  the 
ceedings       dukc  of  Norfolk's  business,  set  down  by  Cccill's  own  hand, 
duke.  Ce-     "  ^^ly  tlic  Ist,  the  duke  was  prisoner  in  his  own  house 
cii'sJour-    "  called  Hoxoard-house.     August  2,  Higford,  the  Duke's 
"  secretary,  deciplicred  the  two  tickets,  taken  *in  the  bag^ 
"  wherein  was  the  money,  viz.  1606/.  that  was  to  have  been 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  121 

"  sent  into  Scotland.     September  the  4th,  sir  Ralph  Sad-    CHAP. 
"  leir  was  sent  to  guard  the  duke  of  Norfolk  at  Howard-       ^^' 
"house;     [now    called    Charter-house.]       September    the  Anno  1571. 
"  5th,   the    duke,  examined  at  Howard-house,    denied  all 
"  that  Higford  confessed.     The  7th,  the  duke  committed 
"  to  the  Tower  by  sir  Ralph  Sadleir,  sir  Tho.  Smith,  sir 
"  Henry  Nevil,  and  Dr.  Wylson.     The  8th,  the  duke  con- 
"  fessed  many  things  denied  before.     The  10th,  the  duke 
"  made  means  to  have  the  lord  Burghley  come  to  the  Tower 
"  to  him :  who  did  so.     October  —  the  duke  of  Norfolk  in 
"  the  Tower  confesseth  the  receipt  of  a  message  from  the 
"  earl  of  Arundel  and  lord  Lumley.     October  —  the  lord 
"  Cobham  kept  as  prisoner  in  the  lord  Burghley''s  house  at 
"  Westminster."     These  particulars  may  not  be  unworthy 
the  relating,  taken  out  of  such  an  authentic  paper.     The 
whole  trial  of  this  nobleman,  and  his  condemnation  and  exe- 
cution, I  shall  omit,  our  historian  relating  them  at  large.  Camd.  Eiiz. 
'Only  let  me  note,  that  among  the  peers  mentioned  by  Cam- 
den, at  the  duke''s  trial,  the  earl  of  Worcester  is  omitted, 
who  was  present,  according  to  a  MS.  in  the  Cotton  library,  juiius,  f.  e. 
where  William  earl  of  Worcester  stands  immediately  after 
Reginald  Grey,  earl  of  Kent.     And  the  speech  in  another 
volume  of  the  said  library,  as  spoken  by  him  at  his  execu-Titus,  b.  2. 
tion,  (which  happened  not  till  the  next  year,)  doth  some- 
what vary. 

The  relation  of  the  words  spoken  by  the  duke  after  his  words  at 
condemnation  do  somewhat  vary  also ;  unless  perhaps  Cam-  ',"*  '^°°: 

•'  '         .    '^  demnation. 

den  would  not  set  down  all  that  was  spoken  by  him  at  that  Julius,  F.  e. 
time.  The  Cotton  MS.  relates  it  thus.  That  after  his  con- 
demnation he  used  these  words  :  "  I  have  been  found  by 
"  my  peers  worthy  of  death;  whereof  I  do  acquit  them. 
"  For  I  come  not  hither  to  justify  myself,  nor  to  charge 
"  them  with  injustice.  In  dealing  in  matters  temporal  to- 
"  wards  the  queen  of  Scots,  I  dealt  not  as  a  good  subject, 
"  for  that  I  made  not  the  queen  privy  thereunto.  For  this 
"  offence  I  was  committed  to  the  Tower :  but  upon  my 
"  humble  submission,  I  Avas  delivered  ;  promising  the  queen 
"  to  deal  no  more  in  those  matters.     But  contrary  to  my 


r22      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  submission  and  promise,  I  dealt  therein:  for  saving  my 
"  life,  and  other  causes,  I  took  my  oath  upon  that  matter. 


Aunoi57i."  But  I  never  received  the  communion,  as  it  liath  been 
"  bruited.  I  had  conference  with  none  but  only  with  Ro- 
83  "  dolpho,  and  that  but  once ;  and  that  not  against  her  ma- 
*'  jesty.  For  it  was  known,  I  had  to  do  with  him  by  reason 
"  I  was  bound  unto  him  by  a  recognisance  for  a  great  sum 
*'  of  money.  I  saw  two  letters  which  came  from  the  pope; 
"  but  I  never  consented  unto  them,  neither  to  the  rebellion 
"  in  the  north.  I  thank  God  I  was  never  a  papist,  since  I 
*'  knew  what  religion  meant.  But  I  did  always  detest  pa- 
"  pistry  in  all  the  vain  toys  thereof;  embracing  ever,  from 
"  the  bottom  of  my  heart,  the  true  religion  of  Jesus  Christ; 
"  trusting  the  full  assurance  of  my  faith  in  his  blood, 
"  that  is  only  my  Redeemer  and  Saviour.  Indeed  I  must 
"  confess  I  had  servants  and  friends  that  were  papists : 
"  but  if  thereby  I  have  offended  God's  church,  or  any  pro- 
"  testant,  I  do  desire  God  and  them  to  forgive  me."  Yet 
perhaps  these  were  only  some  short  collections  of  the  duke's 
speech  at  his  execution,  (where  Camden  placeth  them,)  ra- 
ther than  what  was  said  by  him  at  his  condemnation. 
The  queen  The  qucen  put  off  the  execution  of  the  duke  for  some 
execution,  wionths,  out  of  compassiou  to  this  unhappy  nobleman  and 
Her  states-  ^gj.  kinsman ;  and,  out  of  respect  to  his  high  quality,  was 
thoughts  not  easily  brought  to  pass  her  warrant.  Of  tliis  her  mercy 
in  delaying  his  execution,  her  statesmen  did  not  much  ap- 
prove. The  lord  treasurer  Burghley's  expressions,  suggest- 
ing his  thoughts,  were  :  "  The  queen's  majesty  hath  always 
"  been  a  merciful  lady.  And  by  mercy  she  hath  taken  more 
"  harm  than  by  justice;  and  yet  she  thinketh  she  is  more 
"  beloved  in  doing  herself  harm.  God  save  her  to  his  ho- 
"  nour  long  among  us.""  So  he  writ  in  one  of  his  letters, 
apprehensive  of  the  queen's  danger.  And  Thomas  Ran- 
dolph, the  queen's  agent  now  in  Scotland,  liked  as  little  the 
deferring  of  the  duke's  execution.  Who  in  a  letter  to  the 
bishop  of  Durham,  from  Leitli,  dated  March  the  ^Ist,  (that 
is,  two  months  after  his  condemnation,)  writ  thus  :  "  Out 
"  of  London  we  hear  vet  no  other,  but  that  he  rcmaineth 


men  s 
thoug 
thereof. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  123 

"  yet  alive  [meaning  the  duke]  that  is  to  be  wished,  that   CHAP. 

"  long  since  he  had  been  despatched.    I  fear,  added  he,  the ! — 

"  bishop  of  Lincoln's  words,  in  his  sermon  before  her  ma-^""°  ^^7'- 
*'  jesty,  grow  true,  alleged  out  of  Augustine,  that  there  was 
"  misericordia  puniens,  and  crudelitas  parcens.     In  con- 
"  sideration  whereof  in  government  great  evil  did  ensue." 

In  another  of  the  lord  Burghley's  letters  to  Walsingham,  She  hesi- 

®       •'  ^ .  tates  about 

dated  February  11,  he  shewed  him  how  the  queen  s  majesty  it.    Lord 
was  diversly  disposed.     Sometime,  when  she  spake  of  her  j^J^''S^J^y'* 
danger,  she  concluded,  that  justice  must  be  done.     Another  Waising- 
time,  when  she  spake  of  the  nearness  of  blood,  of  his  supe-  ^'^' 
riority  in  honour,  and  such  like,  she  stayed.     On  Saturday 
she  signed  a  warrant  to  the  sheriffs  of  London  for  his  exe- 
cution  on  Monday.     And  so  all  preparations  were  made, 
with  the  expectation  of  all  London  and  concourse  of  many 
thousands.     But  their  coming  was  answered  not  with  his, 
but  another  extraordinary  execution  of  Mather  and  Berney, 
[of  whom  by  and  by,]  for  conspiring  the  queen's  death,  [and 
his  own  death,  he  might  have  added,]  and  of  one  Rolph,  Roiph. 
for  counterfeiting  the  queen's  hand  twice,  to  get  concealed 
lands.    The  cause  of  this  disappointment  was,  that  suddenly 
on  the  Sunday  before,  late  in  the  night,  the  queen  sent  for 
him,  [the  lord  Burghley,]  and  entered  into  a  great  mis- 
liking,  that  the  duke  should  die  the  next  day,  and  said,  she  84 
Avas  and  should  be  disquieted ;  and  would  have  a  new  war- 
rant made  that  night  to  the  sheriffs,  to  forbear  till  they 
should  hear  further.     And  accordingly  they  did  so.     After 
that  lord  had  made  this  relation  of  this  sudden  stop,  he  only 
added  his  fears  in  this  ejaculation,  "  God's  will  be  fulfilled, 
"  and  aid  her  majesty  to  do  herself  good,"  [which  he  thought 
this  mild  course  tended  not  to.]    But  though  this  execution 
were  deferred  for  some  months  longer,  yet  in  the  beginning 
of  June,  1572,  he  was  beheaded  at  Tower-hill,  as  we  shall 
hear  in  due  place. 

The  said  lord  Burghley,  that  wise  statesman  and  sound  ^/^ne^)^,  ^° 
counsellor  of  the  queen's  in  this  dangerous  juncture,  was  so  their  pur- 
hated  by  her  enemies,  but  especially  the  Spaniard,  that  Bor-  jjjn  ^^^^ 
gest,  that  ambassador's  secretary,  had  hired  two  desperate  Bur^gJj^Y '. 


124       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Dr.  Story 
suffers  for 
treason. 


men,  viz.  Mather  and  Berny,  [alias  Verny,]  to  murder  him  ; 
nay,  and  the  queen  too.  For  they  at  last  confessed,  that 
Anno  1571. they  intended  to  kill  him;  and  afterwards  plainly  confessed 
also  their  intention  and  desire  to  have  been  rid  of  the  queen  : 
(as  the  said  lord  wrote  in  his  correspondence  with  the  queen''s 
ambassador  in  France:)  and  added,  "  But  I  think  she  may 
"  by  justice  be  rid  of  them.""  And  accordingly  they  under- 
went the  just  pains  of  death  in  February,  (as  was  hinted 
before,)  being  drawn,  hanged,  and  quartered.  It  is  remark- 
able, that  when  IVIather  had,  in  the  presence  of  Leicester, 
Mr.  Secretary,  and  Mildmay,  charged  that  ambassador''s  se- 
cretary, that  both  his  master  and  he  had  enticed  him  to  kill 
the  lord  Burghley,  that  secretary  denied  it :  upon  which, 
Mather  offered  to  try  it  con  la  spada,  i.  e.'  by  the  sword. 

Another  execution,  in  the  month  of  June,  before,  was 
done  upon  John  Story,  LL.  D.  who  suffered  at  Tyburn  on 
Friday ;  and  there  refused  to  give  allegiance  to  the  queen''s 
majesty,  (as  the  lord  Burghley  wrote  to  AValsingham,)  and 
professed  to  die  as  the  king  of  Spain's  subject,  [being  indeed 
a  pensioner  of  Spain.]  And  so  having  been  arraigned  on 
the  Tuesday  before  at  the  king''s  bench,  he  would  not  an- 
swer to  the  indictment ;  alleging,  that  he  was  not  a  subject 
of  this  realm.  Whereupon,  without  further  trial,  he  was 
condemned  as  guilty  of  treason,  contained  in  his  indictment. 
For  his  treason,  inveterate  hatred  to  the  queen,  and  cruelty 
exercised  towards  the  protestants,  I  refer  the  reader  to  other 
histories.  But  some  particular  passages  of  him,  omitted  by 
our  historians,  I  shall  here  relate.  In  his  execution  he  is 
thus  described  by  Dr.  Fulk,  (in  his  Retentive,  and  in  his 
book  against  Gregory  Martin,  at  the  end  of  it,  where  he  writ 
a  confutation  of  the  papists'  quarrels  against  his  writings :) 
"  Story,  for  all  his  glorious  tale,  in  the  time  of  his  most 
*'  deserved  execution  by  quartering,  was  so  impatient,  that 
"  he  did  not  only  roar  and  cry  like  an  hell-hound,  but  also 
"  strakc  the  executioner  doing  liis  office,  and  resisted  as  long 
"  as  strength  did  serve  him,  being  kept  down  by  three  or 
"  four  men,  until  he  was  dead.  He  used,'"'  saith  the  same 
writer,  (that  lived  at  that  very  time,)  "  no  voice  of  prayer  in 


Retent.  p 
59. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  125 

"  all  the  time  of  liis  crying,  as  I  heard  of  the  very  execu-    CHAP. 
"  tioner  himself,  besides  them  that  stood  by,  but  only  roared 


"  and  cried,  as  one  overcome  with  the  sharpness  of  the  pain ;  Anno  1571. 
"  as  no  martyr,  as  the  papists  did  mightily  boast  of  him. 
"  God,  added  he,  for  his  cruelty  shewed  against  the  patient 
"  saints,  [in  queen  Mary's  days,]  had  not  only  given  him  a 85 
"  taste  of  such  torments  as  he  procured  to  others,  but  also 
"  made  him  an  open  spectacle  of  the  impatient  and  uncom- 
"  fortable  state  of  them  that  suffer,  not  in  a  good  cause,  nor 
"  with  a  good  conscience."  This  Fulk  said,  to  vindicate 
himself  against  a  popish  writer,  that  had  writ,  that  upon  a 
little  groaning  [of  the  said  Story  at  his  execution]  Fulk  had 
gathered  that  he  was  no  true  martyr. 

Now,  what  a  sort  of  man  this  Story  was,  and  how  addicted  Some  pas- 
to  cruelty  towards  -the  professors  of  the  gospel  under  queen  *^g^^  °^  ^'* 
Mary,  that  short  epitome  of  him,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Fox's  Foxii  mss. 
own  hand,  and  perhaps  upon  this  occasion,  will  shew ;  which  Annals,  ch. 
I  have  inserted  in  my  Annals,  under  the  year  1569. 

I  cannot  omit  here  the  reciting  of  some  old  rhymes  con- 
cerning this  Story  and  his  fellow  bigots;  which  I  meet  with 
written  by  one  Lawrence  Ramsey,  a  poet,  near  about  this 
time,  in  a  book,  entitled.  The  Practice  of  the  Devil;  where- 
in the  Devil  is  brought  in,  speaking  thus  to  them : — 

Stand  to  it,  Stapleton,  Dorman,  and  Harding,  A  rhyme  of 

And  Rastal,  that  Rakehell,  to  maintain  my  order.  P'"'      "^^ 

Pract.ofUie 

Boner  and  Gardiner  are  worth  the  regarding,  Dev. 

For  keeping  articles  so  long  in  this  border. 

O  Story,  Story,  thou  art  worthy  of  recorder  ; 

Thou  stoodst  to  it  stoutly  against  God  and  the  king ; 

And  at  Tyburn  desperately  gav'st  me  an  off'ring. 

I  have  met  with  this  man's  last  will,  made  by  him  divers 
years  before  his  death,  viz.  1552,  while  he  was  at  Lovain ; 
fled  thither  in  the  time  of  king  Edward  VI.  out  of  ill  will 
to  the  rehgion  then  professed  in  the  nation:  wherein  are 
some  passages  that  may  be  remarked.  "  He  gave  laud  and  Dr.  story's 
"  praise  to  God,  for  leading  him  out  of  his  native  country,  m^s^  guu 
*'  that  was  swarved  out  of  the  sure  ship  of  our  salvation,  Petyt,  ar- 

mig. 


126       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  our  mother,  the  catholic  church;  and  that  he  had  belief 
'        "  and  full  trust  in  all  and  every  article,  clause,  or  sentence, 


Anno  1571."  that  his  Said  mother,  holy  church,  from  the  time  of  the 
"  apostles,  hath  or  shall  decree,  set  forth,  and  deliver  to  be 
"  kept  and  observed  by  her  children.  That  for  the  break- 
"  ing  any  command,  set  forth  by  the  authority  of  the  same 
"  church,  and  for  the  non-observing  of  any  of  her  decrees, 
"  and  especially  for  his  offence  in  forsaking  the  unity  of  it, 
"  by  the  acknowledging  of  any  other  supreme  head  than 
"  Christ's  deputy  here  in  earth,  St.  Peter,  and  his  succes- 
"  sors,  bishops  of  tlie  see  of  Rome,  he  did  most  humbly  and 
"  penitently  cry  God  mercy,  and  desired  all  Christian  people 
"  remaining  in  the  unity  of  the  said  mother  catholic  church 
"  to  pray  for  him.  Then  he  gave  to  his  daughter  Elen,  six 
"  hundred  and  threescore  florins.  But  if  by  God's  good 
"  motion  she  entered  into  religion,  then  he  gave  and  be- 
"  queathed  to  the  house  and  company  where  she  should  be 
"  professed,  120  florins;  desiring  them  of  their  good  cha- 
"  rity  to  pray  for  the  souls  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  for 
*'  his  soul,  and  all  Christian  souls.  His  body  to  be  buried 
"  in  the  Grey  Friars  in  Lovain.  And  to  the  same  covent, 
"  for  the  exequies  done  and  solemnized  for  the  wealth  of 
86  "  his  soul,  twenty  florins ;  and  forty  florins  more,  that  of 
"  their  charity,  in  their  daily  celebration  of  mass,  they 
"  would  pray  for  the  soul  of  Nicolas  and  Joan,  his  parents, 
*'  and  for  his  soul,  and  all  Christian  souls :  and  to  appoint 
"  one  devout  person  of  their  company,  by  the  space  of  three 
"  years  next  after  his  burial,  daily  to  make  a  special  me- 
"  mory  to  God  for  his  soul,  and  for  all  Christian  souls."     I 

N".  X.  refer  the  reader  to  the  Appendix,  for  his  other  superstitious 
bequests ;  and  to  observe  what  sort  of  wills  and  testaments 
were  framed  by  popish  zealots,  acted  by  the  craft  of  monks 
and  friars,  to  draw  treasure  to  themselves.  And  lastly,  he 
charged  his  wife  Joan  not  to  set  foot  on  the  land  of  Eng- 
land, or  carry  his  daughter  thither,  (according  to  a  promise 
she  had  made  to  God  and  him,)  until  it  were  restored  to  the 
unity  of  the  church. 

Darbishire        Darbishire,  a  Jesuit,  may  be  mentioned  next  to  this  zea- 

tlie  Jesuit's  '' 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  127 

lous,  hot  civilian;  who  was  such  another 'persecutor  in  this   CHAP, 
church  under  queen  Mary ;  having  been  canon  of  St.  Paul's,  ' 

London,archdeaconof  Essex,  and  chancellor  to  bishop  Boner,  Anno  1571. 

who  was  his  uncle  by  his  sister.  Walsingham,  understand-  ['.°P""  ^*|" 
ing  this  man  was  in  Paris,  found  a  means  to  feel  the  man  iMar.  2. 
and  his  principles.  He  caused  one,  under  colour  of  a  ca- 
tholic, to  repair  unto  him  there ;  knowing  that  there  was  a 
concurrence  of  intelligence  between  him  and  those  English 
papists  of  Lovain,  and  also  with  those  of  the  Scottish  queen''s 
faction.  The  party  sent  did  seem  very  much  to  bewail  the 
ill  success  of  the  late  practices  in  Scotland;  and  now  he 
feared  that  their  case  would  grow  desperate :  especially,  for 
that  Mather''s  enterprise  was  also  discovered.  To  this  the 
Jesuit  answered,  "  That  the  ill  handling  of  matters  was  the 
"  cause  that  they  took  no  better  effect.  But  bade  him  not- 
"  withstanding  to  be  of  good  comfort ;  and  assure  himself 
"  that  there  were  more  Mathers  in  England  than  one :  which 
"  would  not  scruple,  when  time  should  conveniently  serve, 
"  to  adventure  their  lives  in  seeking  to  acquit  us  of  that 
"  lewd  woman,  (meaning  her  highness.)  For,  said  he,  if 
"  she  were  gone,  then  would  the  hedge  lie  open ;  whereby 
"  the  good  queen,  that  is  now  the  prisoner,  in  whom  rested, 
"  he  said,  the  present  right  of  this  crown,  should  easily  en- 
"  joy  the  same.  For  besides  that  all  the  catholics  in  the 
"  realm  of  England  were  at  her  devotion,  there  were,  said 
"  he,  (and  thanked  God,)  divers  heretics  that  were  well  af- 
"  fected  towards  her.  Which  was  no  small  miracle,  that 
"  God  had  so  blinded  their  eyes,  as  that  they  should  be  so 
"  inclined  to  her,  that  in  the  end  would  peld  unto  them 
"  their  just  deserts,  unless  they  returned  to  the  catholic 
"  faith."  And  so  went  on  in  further  discourse,  assuring  the 
other,  that  that  queen  would  have  no  harm.  For  that  she 
lacked  for  no  friends  in  the  English  court :  and  what  assist- 
ance she  was  like  to  have  to  deliver  her,  though  they  ven- 
tured their  lives  for  her,  as  others  had  done  before;  and 
that  there  were  divers  ways  to  bring  it  to  pass.  And  tliat 
chiefly  considering  how  this  matter  would  tend  to  the  good 
of  the  catholic  cause,  and  utter  ruin  and  extirpation  of  he- 


128       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   resy.     And  that  this  should  be  brought  to  pass  ere  a  year 
were  at  an  end.     And  besides  his  villainous  and  undutiful 


Anno  1571.  language  of  her  majesty,  he  used  very  lewd  bitter  speeches 
against  the  earl  of  Leicester  and  the  lord  Burghley.  This, 
as  that  ambassador  concluded,  was  the  sum  of  their  talk. 
87  By  the  way,  one  might  hence  make  an  observation  upon 
what  a  prejudiced  person  the  chief  evidence  of  the  Nag-gs 
Head  ordination  doth  depend.  For  the  popish  writers  do 
allege  this  Darbishire's  evidence  with  the  greatest  confi- 
dence. 

I  add  only  one  thing  more  of  Darbishire.  That  in  his 
conference  with  Hawks,  (afterwards  burnt  for  the  profes- 
sion of  the  gospel,)  he  called  the  Bible,  in  contempt,  his 
little  'pretty  God's  hook. 


^»» 


CHAP.  X. 

The  present  concerns  of  the  nation  Jor  the  queerts  scvfety. 
Her  marriage  thought  necessary.  Shefalleth  sick.  Her 
verses  upon  the  Scottish  queen  and  her  favourites.  She 
requires  liberty  of  religion  Jbr  her  merchants  in  France. 
Orders  and  exei-ciscs  of  religion  in  Northampton  ;  with 
their  corifcssion  qfjaith.  The  ecclesiastical  commission^ 
ers  sit  at  Lambeth.  Christopher  Goodman  cited  before 
them:  his  protestation  of  allegiance. 

If  we  now  turn  our  eyes  to  the  queen,  about  the  month  of 
March  her  people  had  two  extraordinary  concernments  for 
her ;  whence  they  apprehended  the  kingdom  to  be  in  great 
danger. 
The  queen's      The  oue  was  for  her  marrying ;  which  the  wisest  of  her 
uX"<fuie  statesmen  saw  to  be  the  only  way  for  safety,  as  diings  then 
only  way  of  stood.     I  allege  the  judgment  of  some  of  them.     Walsing- 
^^  '^  ^'        ham,  in  December  last,  was  in  pursuit  of  some  ways  to  esta- 
blish her  majesty's  state ;  which  was  threatened,  as  he  ob- 
served, with  two  lacks,  viz.  the  want  of  friendship  abroad, 
and  our  doubtful  state  at  home.     Whom  the  earl  of  Lei- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  129 

cester]  seconded  in  their  correspondence,  by  acknowledging,   CHAP, 
that  it  fell  out  too  manifest  daily ;  and  that  without  some        ^' 


remedy  it  would  prove  a  danger  irrecoverable.  But  the  Anno  1571. 
means,  as  he  added,  were  easily  seen  and  perceived ;  [mean- 
ing the  marriage  with  monsieur,  and  peace  with  France ;] 
and  which  he  supposed  not  yet  without  hope  to  be  obtained. 
But  now  two  or  three  months  were  past,  and  little  or  no 
hope  appeared  thereof. 

For  though  sir  Thomas  Smith  was  lately  despatched  to  Sir  Thomas 
France,  to  renew  the  treaty  about  it,  yet  the  queen  herself '^'"I*'^^  '^P" 

.       ,.         .  ,  ^  prehension 

seemed  to  have  little  or  no  mchnation  that  way,  as  was  well  of  the 
perceived.     Whereat  Smith,  in   a  letter  from   Blois,  thus  H^ck ward- 
writ:  "  That  all  the  world  saw  that  they  [her  people]  wished  "'^^s- 
"  her  majesty ""s  surety  and  long  condition.    That  her  mar- 
"  riage,  and  issue  of  her  highness'  body,  should  be  the  most 
*'  assurance  of  her  highness,  and  of  the  wealth  of  the  realm, 
"  &c.     What,  doth  her  majesty  mean  to  maintain  still  her 
"  danger,  and  not  proceed  for  her  surety  ?  I  assure  your 
"  lordship  I  can  see  no  reason.     God  preserve  her  majesty 
"  long  to  reign  over  us,  by  some  unlooked  for  miracle.    For 
"  I  cannot  see  by  natural  reason  that  her  highness  goeth  88 
"  about  to  provide  for  it."     And  again,  soon  after,  in  an- 
other letter,  thus  he  expresseth  his  thoughts:    "  There  is 
"  nothing  whereof  we  are  more  sorry,  and  do  lament  in  our 
"  hearts,  than  to  see  such  uncertain,  so  negligent,  and  ii-re- 
*'  solute  provision  for  the  safety  of  the  queen's  majesty's 
"  person,  and  of  her  reign  over  us.     God  of  his  almighty 
*'  and  miraculous  power  preserve  her  long  to  reign  over  us." 
These  expressions  shewed  the  dismal  apprehensions  the  best 
of  men,  and  most  concerned,  had  for  the  good  of  the  queen, 
the  state,  and  the  religion  of  the  land.     But  the  good  hand 
of  God  preserved  all  safe  and  well,  though  this  marriage, 
so  much  desired  and  depended  upon,  took  not  place.     For 
a  good  understanding  with  the  French  king  was  thought 
then  sufficient  to  balance  the  mischievous  purposes  of  Spain : 
but  the  French  king's  heart  being  disposed  to  a  league  with 
the  queen,  that  way  the  English  security  was  provided  for ; 
VOL.  n.  K 


130       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   as  shall  be  shewn  in  the  following  year,  when  the  league  was 
made. 


Anno  1571.      The  Other  terror  upon  the  nation  now  was  the  queen's 
The  queen  faHino;  sick.     In  the  month  of  December,  her  subiects  took 

falls  sick.  o  .  T  1     •      1  •  1 

The  fears    great  satisfaction,  that  notwithstanding  their  danger  in  other 
thereupon,  j-ggpggtg^  g}^g  ciijoyed  perfect  good  health.     So  Leicester,  in 
his  correspondence,  writes  to  Walsingham  :  "  That  they  had 
*'  no  news,  but  of  her  majesty's  good  state  of  health  ;  which 
"  was  such  as  he  had  not  known  to  have  been  these  many 
"  years;"  [as  though  she  were  none  of  the  healthfulest  con- 
stitutions.]    And  this  he  the  rather  informed  the  ambassa- 
dor of,  because  that  in  October  before,  she  was  taken  very 
ill.     Of  which  malady,  thus  did  the  lord  Burghley  write  to 
the  said  ambassador :  "  That  a  sudden  alarm  was  given  him 
"  by  her  majesty's  being  suddenly  sick  in  her  stomach  ;  but 
"  that  she  Mas  relieved  by  a  vomit.     You  must  think,  said 
"  he,  (speaking  not  only  his  own  sense,  but  of  all  that  loved 
"  the  present  state  of  the  nation,)  such  a  matter  would  drive 
"  me  to  the  end  of  my  wits.     But  God  [as  he  comforted 
"  himself]   is  the  stay  of  all  that  put  their  trust  in  him." 
Rut  now,  in  March,  the  queen  fell  sick  again  ;  yet  in  a  few 
days  recovered,  to  the  great  joy  of  all.     Of  this  sickness  of 
the  queen,  (sweetening  it  also  with  the  news  of  her  restora- 
tion to  perfect  health,)  the  same  lord  writ  to  the  two  ambas- 
sadors then  in  France.    They  both  read  the  letter  in  a  mar- 
vellous agony,  (as  Smith  expressed  their  concern  in  his  an- 
swer.)    But  having  the  medicine  ready,  that  her  majesty 
was  within  an  hour  recovered,  it  did  in  part  heal  them  again. 
And  when  the  said  lord  had  wTote,  that  the  care  had  not 
ceased  in  him,  Smith  replied,  "  That  he  might  be  sure  it 
*'  did  as  little  cease  in  them ;  calling  to  their  remembrance, 
"  and  laying  before  their  eyes,  the  trouble,  the  uncertainty, 
"  the  disorder,  the  peril,  and  danger,  which  had  been  like 
"  to  follow,  if  at  that  time  God  liad  taken  from  them  the 
*'  stay  of  the  commonwealth,  and  hope  of  their  repose ;  that 
"  lanthorn  of  their  light,  next  to  God  ;  whom  to  follow,  nor 
*'  certainly  where  to  light  another  candle  [they  knew  not.] 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  131 

But,  added  he,  as  to  their  present  negotiation,  "  if  her  ma-  CHAP. 
'•^  jesty  still  continued  in  extremity  to  promise,  and  in  reco- 
"  very  to  forget,  what  shall  we  say,  but  as  the  Italians  do,  ^0"°  1571. 
''  Passato  il  pericolo,  gahhato  UJcrnte  F" 

Queen  Elizabeth  would  sometimes,  in  the  midst  of  her  89 
cares,  divert  herself  by  study  and  reading ;  and  sometimes  Queen  Eii- 

. ,.   .  1         T  1    •  •  a  zabeth's 

versifymg,  as  she  did  m  composmg  a  copy  ot  verses  upon  ^.g^^^^  ^p^^ 
the  queen  of  Scots,  and  those  of  her  friends  here  in  England  the  Scottish 
near  this  time :  which  Dr.  Wylson  hath  preserved  to  us  in  wyison's 
his  Enfflish  Loffic.  For  she,  to  declare  that  she  was  nothina;  Los'c 

00-'  c5 

ignorant  of  those  secret  practices  among  her  people,  and 
many  of  her  nobility  inclining  too  far  to  the  Scottish  queen's 
party,  though  she  had  long  with  great  wisdom  and  patience 
dissembled  it.  (as  the  said  Dr.  Wylson  prefaceth  her  verses,) 
wrote  this  ditty  most  sweet  and  sententious;  not  hiding 
from  all  such  aspiring  minds  the  danger  of  their  ambition 
and  disloyalty.  Which  afterwards  fell  out  most  truly,  by 
the  exemplary  chastisement  of  sundry  persons,  who  in  fa- 
vour of  the  said  Scottish  queen,  declining  from  her  majesty, 
sought  to  interrupt  the  quiet  of  the  realm,  by  many  evil  and 
undutiful  practices.     Her  verses  were  as  follow : 

That  doubt  of  future  foes  exiles  my  present  joy  ; 

And  wit  me  warns  to  shun  such  snares  as  threaten  mine  annoy. 

For  falsehood  now  doth  flow,  and  subjects'  faith  doth  ebb  : 

Which  would  not  be,  if  reason  rul'd,  or  wisdom  weav'd  the  web. 

But  clouds  of  toys  untry'd  do  cloak  aspiring  minds. 

Which  turn  to  rain  of  late  repent,  by  course  of  changed  winds. 

The  top  of  hope  suppos'd  the  root  of  ruth  will  be. 

And  fruitless  all  their  graffed  guiles,  as  shortly  ye  shall  see. 

Those  dazzled  eyes  with  pride,  which  great  ambition  ^  blinds,  » Tliat  of 

Shall  be  unseal'd  by  worthy  wights,  whom  foresight  falsehood  finds,  tl'*'  ^"^*^  °^ 

^       '.  1    ,     ,  Norfolk. 

The  daughter  of  debate,  that  eke  discord  doth  sow. 

Shall  reap  no  gain,  where  former  rule  hath  taught  still  peace  to  grow. 

No  foreign  banished  wight ^'  shall  anchor  in  this  port:  ''TheScot- 

Our  realm  it  brooks  no  strangers'  '^  force :  let  them  elsewhere  resort,  cprance*^"' 

Our  rusty  sword  with  rest  shall  first  the  edge  employ,  and  Spain. 

To  poll  their  tops  that  seek  such  change,  and  gape  for  joy. 

K  2 


132       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Another  thing  deservedly  to  be  related  of  the  queen  was 

her  care  she  took  to  preserve  her  subjects  in  that  true  reli- 

Anno  i57i.gion  whicli  was  established  by  law  in  her  kingdom.     And 

er  care  o   ^y^^^  y^^^  subiects  uot  onlv  at  liome  but  abroad  might  have 

religion  tor  J  J  o 

her  nier-      the  free  exercise  of  it ;  and  not  incur  danger  in  popish  coun- 
broad  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^t.   In  her  treaty  with  France  now,  she  made  that  one 

of  the  articles,  namely,  a  liberty  of  religion  for  English  mer- 
chants in  that  king''s  dominions.  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  with 
Walsingham  and  Killegrew,  put  the  queen-mother  in  mind 
thereof,  for  the  said  merchants  in  the  Staple  or  Haunce ; 
that  they  might  have  the  exercise  of  religion  after  the  man- 
ner of  the  English  church,  and  which  the  queen  their  mis- 
Particnlariy  tress  also  professcd.  The  said  queen-mother  had  promised 
them  that  they  might  have  it  in  their  house  with  the  doors 
shut,  and  in  the  English  tongue ;  but  the  king"'s  deputies 
appointed  to  treat  with  the  queen"'s  ambassadors  would  not 
admit  it.  And  both  the  king  and  his  mother  (neither  of 
them  meaning  sincerely)  would  not  have  it  put  as  an  article 
in  the  treaty,  but  that  it  should  be  allowed  some  other  way. 
As  namely,  by  a  letter  missive  from  the  king  to  queen  Eli- 
90  zabeth,  wherein  he  should  promise  it.  Which  when  Smith 
and  the  others  objected  against ;  and  since  they  could  not 
too  much  insist  upon  it,  to  please  the  king,  and  to  go  as  far 
as  they  could,  they  were  content,  if  he  would,  by  another 
article,  or  treaty  declarative,  made  apart  between  his  ma- 
jesty and  the  queen  of  England,  under  the  great  seals  of 
England  and  France,  declare  that  in  general  words  he  did 
mean  also,  in  the  matter  of  religion,  to  give  her  merchants 
their  liberty.  But  the  queen-mother,  upon  this,  asked  the 
ambassadors,  whether  they  thought  that  the  king  her  son 
would  deceive  them  ?  [But  whether  they  then  thought  so 
or  no,  it  appeared  afterwards  that  he  went  upon  nothing 
but  deceit  and  dissimulation.]  And  she  would  have  per- 
suaded the  ambassadors,  the  queen  their  mistress  would  be 
contented  with  such  a  private  letter  from  the  king.  But 
Smith  told  her  he  could  not  believe  it  of  her  majesty  for  his 
part :  and  that  they,  her  ministers,  must  do  wisely,  surely. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  133 

and  substantially  in  such  affairs  for  her  majesty,  as  she  did    CHAP. 
put  in  their  credit.   But  when  the  queen-mother  still  shifted 


this  off,  Smith  said  at  last,  "  That  except  there  were  suffi- Anno  1571. 

"  cient  assurance  for  the  matter  of  religion,  they  could  not 

"  nor  durst  subscribe  the  treaty  ;  until  they  were  better  cer- 

"  tified  that  the  queen  would  be  so  content  with  such  a  let- 

"  ter.     For  his  conscience  was  against  it,  to  leave  so  great  a 

"  point  upon  so  little  a  hold." 

Prophesyings,  or  exercises,  were  much  used  now  through-  Prophesy- 
out  most  of  the  dioceses.     Wherein  the  incumbents  in  liv-  erSeTnow 
ings,  and  men  in  orders,  were  employed  in  explaining  cer-  used  by  the 
tain  places  of  holy  scripture,  in  certain  parish  churches  ap-  appoint- 
pointed  by  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  for  that  purpose.  Which  ™ent. 
were  very  acceptable  to  those  of  the  people  that  favoured 
the  protestant  religion :  and  had  also  their  good  use,  both 
for  the  improving  of  the  clergy  in  their  studies  of  the  word 
of  God,  and  for  the  instruction  of  the  laity  in  the  right  know- 
ledge of  religion. 

These  exercises  were  used  in  the  church  of  Northampton,  At  North- 
by  the  consent  of  the  bishop  of  Peterburgh,  Scambler,  the  .p'j^P  ^"j^^ 

mayor  of  the  town  and  his  brethren,  and  other  the  queen's  thereof. 

•^  ,  •  1  •       1  J  Pap. -office, 

majesty's  justices  of  the  peace  withni  the  county  and  town : 

who  appointed  these  orders  for  rehgious  worship,  to  be  set 

up  and  established  therein. 

I.  The  singing  and  playing  of  organs,  beforetime  accus- 
tomed in  the  quire,  is  put  down,  and  the  common  prayer 
there  accustomed  to  be  said,  brought  down  into  the  body  of 
the  church  among  the  people,  before  whom  the  same  is  used 
according  to  the  queen's  book,  with  singing  psalms  before 
and  after  the  sermon. 

II.  There  is  in  the  chief  church  every  Tuesday  and 
Thursday,  from  nine  of  the  clock  until  ten  in  the  morning, 
read  a  lecture  of  the  scripture,  beginning  with  the  confes- 
sion in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  and  ending  with  prayer 
and  confession  of  the  faith. 

III.  There  is  in  the  same  church,  every  Sunday  and 
holyday,  after  morning  prayer,  a  sermon,  the  people  singmg 
the  psalm  before  and  after. 

k3 


134       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        IV.  The  service  be  ended  in  every  parish  church  by  nine 
^'      .of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  every  Sunday  and  holyday ;  to 


Anno  1571.  the  end  the  people  may  resort  to  the  sermon  in  the  same 
9 1  church.     And  that  every  minister  give  warning  to  the  pa- 
rishioners in  the  time  of  common  prayer,  to  repair  to  the 
sermon  there ;  except  they  have  a  sermon  in  their  own  parish 
church. 

V.  That  after  prayers  done,  in  the  time  of  sermon  or  ca- 
techising, none  sit  in  the  streets,  or  walk  up  and  down  abroad, 

,  or  otherwise  occupy  themselves  vainly,  upon  such  penalties 

as  shall  be  appointed. 

VI.  The  youth,  at  the  end  of  evening  prayer,  every  Sun- 
day and  holyday,  (before  all  the  elder  people,)  are  examined 
in  a  portion  of  Calvin's  catechism,  which  by  the  reader  is 
expounded  unto  them  ;  and  holdeth  an  hour. 

VII.  There  is  a  general  communion  once  every  quarter, 
in  every  parish  church,  with  a  sermon ;  which  is  by  the  mi- 
nister at  common  prayer  warned  four  several  Sundays  before 
every  communion,  with  exhortation  to  the  people  to  prepare 
for  that  day. 

VIII.  One  fortnight  before  each  communion,  the  minister 
with  the  churchwardens  maketh  a  circuit  from  house  to 
house,  to  take  the  names  of  the  communicants,  and  to  exa- 
mine the  state  of  their  lives.  Among  whom  if  any  discord 
be  found,  the  parties  are  brought  before  the  mayor  and  his 
brethren,  being  assisted  by  the  preacher  and  other  gentle- 
men. Before  whom  there  is  reconcilement  made,  or  else 
correction,  or  putting  the  party  from  the  communion,  which 
will  not  live  in  charity. 

IX.  Immediately  after  the  communion,  the  minister,  &c. 
returneth  to  every  house,  to  understand  who  have  not  re- 
ceived the  communion,  according  to  the  common  order 
taken ;  and  certifieth  it  to  the  mayor,  &c.  who,  with  the 
minister,  examineth  the  matter,  and  useth  means  of  persua- 
sion to  induce  them  to  their  duties. 

X.  Every  communion  day  eacli  parish  hath  two  commu- 
nions ;  the  one  for  servants  and  officers,  to  begin  at  five  of 
the  clock  in  the  morning,  with  a  sermon  of  an  hour,  and  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  135 

end  at  eight:  the  other  for  masters  and  dames,  &c.  to  be-    CHAP. 
n  at  nine  the  same  day,  with  like  sermon,  and  to  end  at , 


X. 


twelve.  Anno  1571. 

XI.  The  manner  of  this  communion  is,  besides  the  ser- 
mon, according  to  the  order  of  the  queen's  book ;  saving, 
the  people  being  in  their  confession  upon  their  knees,  for 
the  despatch  of  many,  do  orderly  arise  from  their  pews,  and 
so  pass  to  the  communion  table,  where  they  receive  the  sa- 
crament :  and  from  thence  in  like  order  to  their  place ;  hav- 
ing all  this  time  a  minister  in  the  pulpit,  reading  unto  them 
comfortable  scriptures  of  the  passion,  or  other  hke,  pertain- 
ing to  the  matter  in  hand. 

XII.  There  is  on  every  other  Saturday,  and  now  every 
Saturday,  from  nine  to  eleven  of  the  clock  in  the  morning, 
an  exercise  of  the  ministers  both  of  town  and  country,  about 
the  interpretation  of  scriptures.  The  ministers  speaking 
one  after  another,  do  handle  some  text ;  and  the  same  open- 
ly among  the  people.  That  done,  the  ministers  do  with- 
draw themselves  into  a  privy  place,  there  to  confer  among 
themselves,  as  well  touching  doctrine  as  good  life,  manners, 
and  other  orders  meet  for  them.  There  is  also  a  Aveekly 
assembly  every  Thursday,  after  the  lecture,  by  the  mayor  92 
and  his  brethren,  assisted  with  the  preacher,  minister,  and 
other  gentlemen,  appointed  to  them  by  the  bishop,  for  the 
correction  of  discord  made  in  the  town:  as  for  notorious 
blasphemy,  whoredom,  drunkenness,  railing  against  religion, 

or  preachers  thereof;  scolds,  ribalds,  or  such  like.  Which 
faults  are  each  Thursday  presented  unto  them  in  writing 
by  certain  sworn  men,  appointed  for  that  service  in  each 
parish.  So  by  the  bishop's  authority  and  the  mayor's  joined 
together,  being  assisted  with  certain  other  gentlemen  in  the 
commission  of  the  peace,  evil  life  is  corrected,  God's  glory 
set  forth,  and  the  people  brought  in  good  obedience. 

XIV.  The  communion  table  standeth  in  the  body  of  the 
church,  according  to  the  book,  at  the  over  end  of  the  middle 
aisle,  having  three  ministers :  one  in  the  middle  to  deliver 
the  bread ;  the  other  two  at  each  end,  for  the  cup.  The 
ministers  often  do  call  on  the  people  to  remember  the  poor, 

K  4 


136       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    which  is  there  plentifully  done.     And  thus  the  communion 
being  ended,  the  people  do  sing  a  psalm. 


Anno  1571.  XV.  The  excessive  ringing  of  bells  at  forbidden  times 
by  injunction,  (whereby  the  people  grow  in  discord,  to  the 
slaughter  of  some,  and  the  unquieting  of  others,  given  to 
hear  sermons,)  is  inhibited  ;  allowing  notwithstanding  such 
orderly  ringing,  as  may  serve  to  the  calling  of  the  people  to 
church,  and  giving  warning  of  the  passing  and  burying  of 
every  person, 

XVI.  The  carrying  of  the  bell  before  corpses  in  the 
s-treets,  and  bidding  prayers  for  the  dead,  (which  was  there 
used  until  within  these  two  years,)  is  restrained, 

XVII,  There  is  hereafter  to  take  place,  order  that  all 
ministers  of  the  shire,  once  every  quarter  of  the  year,  upon 
one  month''s  warning  given,  repair  to  the  said  town ;  and 
there,  after  a  sermon  in  the  church  heard,  to  withdraw  them- 
selves into  a  place  appointed  within  the  said  church ;  and 
there  privately  to  confer  among  themselves  of  their  manners 
and  lives.  Among  whom  if  any  be  found  in  fault,  for  the 
first  time,  exhortation  is  made  to  him  among  all  the  brethren 
to  amend.  And  so  likewise  the  second  and  third  time,  by 
complaint  from  all  the  brethren,  he  is  committed  unto  the 
bishop  for  his  correction. 

The  order  of  the  exercise  of  the  ministers,  with  a  coifession 
of  thejaith. 
Orders  for        First,  Every  one  at  his  first  allowance  to  be  of  this  exer- 

tlie  exer-         .... 

cises.  cise,  shall,  by  subscription  of  his  own  hand,  declare  his  con- 

sent in  Christ's  true  religion  witli  his  brethren,  and  submit 
himself  to  the  discipline  and  orders  of  the  same. 

Secondly,  The  names  of  every  man  that  shall  speak  in 
this  exercise  shall  be  written  in  a  table.  For  it  shall  be  un- 
lawful for  any  man  to  speak  in  this  exercise,  until  he  be  ad- 
mitted by  the  same,  and  his  name,  by  his  own  consent,  re- 
gistered in  the  said  table.  Neither  shall  it  be  lawful  for  any 
man  to  occupy  the  room  of  the  second  speaker,  except  he 
have  spoken  in  the  first  place,  unless  he  be  desired  by  the 
moderators. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  137 

Thirdly,  The  first  speaker  beginning  and  ending  with    CHAP. 
prayer,  ought  to  explain  the  text  that  he  readeth.     Then       ^' 


he  may  confute  any  false  or  untrue  expositions,  if  he  know  Anno  1571. 
that  the  place  have  been  abused  by  any  sinister  interpreta- 9*^ 
tion.  Then  he  may  give  the  comfort  to  the  audience  as  the 
place  ministereth  just  occasion.  But  he  shall  not  digress, 
dilate,  nor  amplify  that  place  of  scripture  whereof  he  treateth 
to  any  common  place,  further  than  the  meaning  of  the  said 
scripture. 

Fourthly,  Whatsoever  is  left  of  the  first  speaker,  either 
in  explaining  the  text,  either  in  confuting,  &c.  he  or  they 
that  speak  afterwards  have  liberty  to  touch,  so  as  they  ob- 
serve the  order  prescribed  to  the  first  speaker.  And  that 
without  repeating  the  selfsame  words  which  have  been 
spoken  before,  or  impugning  the  same,  except  any  have 
spoken  contrary  to  the  scriptures. 

Fifthly,  The  exercise  shall  begin  immediately  after  nine 
of  the  clock,  and  not  exceed  the  space  of  two  hours.  The  ' 
first  speaker  shall  fully  finish  whatsoever  he  hath  to  say 
within  the  space  of  three  quarters  of  an  hour :  the  second 
and  third  shall  not  exceed  (each  one  of  them)  one  quarter 
of  an  hour.  One  of  the  moderators  shall  always  make  the 
conclusion. 

Sixthly,  After  the  exercise  is  ended,  the  president  for  the 
time  being  shall  call  the  learned  brethren  unto  him,  and 
shall  ask  for  their  judgment  concerning  the  exposition  of 
the  text  of  scripture  then  expounded  :  and  if  any  matter  be 
then  vintouched,  it  shall  be  there  declared.  Also,  if  any  of 
the  speakers  in  this  exercise  be  infamed,  or  convinced  of  any 
grievous  crime,  he  shall  be  there  and  then  reprehended. 

Seventhly,  After  this  consultation  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
any  of  the  brethren  of  this  exercise  to  propound  their  doubts 
or  questions,  justly  collected  out  of  the  place  of  the  scripture 
that  day  expounded,  and  signify  the  same  unto  the  presi- 
dent for  the  time  being,  and  the  other  brethren,  and  deliver 
the  same  in  writing  unto  the  first  speaker.  And  order  shall 
be  taken  by  common  consent  for  the  satisfying  of  the  said 
questions  against  the  next  exercise.    No  speaker  shall  move 


138       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  publicly  any  question  extempore ;  but  which  he  shall  satisfy 
himself  presently.  And  this  consultation  shall  be  ended 
Anno  U71.  with  some  short  exhortation,  to  move  each  one  to  go  for- 
ward in  his  office,  to  apply  his  study,  and  to  increase  in  god- 
liness of  manners  and  newness  of  life. 

Eighthly,  When  this  exercise  is  finished,  the  next  speaker 
shall  be  appointed  and  named  publicly ;  and  the  text  which 
he  shall  expound  shall  be  read. 

Ninthly,  When  the  last  man,  whose  name  is  written  in 
the  tables,  hath  kept  his  turn  in  this  exercise,  then  the  first 
man  written  shall  be  required  to  keep  the  next  exercise.  If 
that  man  be  absent,  so  as  he  cannot  keep  that  day  and  time, 
the  next  written  in  the  table  shall  be  required  to  satisfy  the 
place  of  the  other,  when  his  turn  is,  so  as  the  exercise  de- 
cay not  for  any  one  mane's  absence. 

Tcnthly,  If  any  man  take  upon  him  to  break  these  or- 
ders and  rules,  or  seem  to  be  contentious,  let  the  president 
of  the  exercise  presently  command  him,  in  the  name  of  the 
eternal  God,  to  silence.  And  after  the  exercise,  let  that 
94  unadvised  person  be  judged  before  the  brethren  there  ga- 
thered for  the  said  exercise ;  that  he,  and  others  by  his  ex- 
ample, may  learn  modesty  thereafter. 

Then  followed  a  confession.^  which  these  exercisers  were 
to  subscribe;  which  was  to  stand  to  the  scriptures  alone, 
and  not  to  any  human  authority,  for  doctrine,  in  opposition 
to  papistry  ;  and  was  as  followeth : 

The  cotifession  in  the  exercises. 
A  confes-  We  whose  names  are  hereunder  written,  as  well  to  de- 
clare unto  the  world,  according  to  the  commandment  of 
the  Lord,  the  confession  of  that  faith  which  in  our  con- 
sciences we  hold,  as  also  to  cut  off  all  occasion  of  quarrel- 
ling and  slanderous  reports  of  our  dissenting  among  our- 
selves in  matters  of  faith  and  religion,  to  the  wounding  and 
hurt  of  the  simple;  do  shew  our  judgments  and  consent  in 
sum,  as  followeth :  being  ready  further  and  more  particu- 
larly to  explain  the  same,  to  the  satisfying  of  our  brethren, 
>v  hen  and  as  occasion  shall  be  thereunto  offered : 


sion  to  be 
subscribed. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  139 

First,  We  believe  and  hold,  that  the  word  of  God,  written    CHAP, 
in  the  canonical  scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,       ^- 
(which  books  contain  in  them  sound,  perfect,  and  sufficient  Anno  1571, 
doctrine,  as  well  for  the  trade  of  all  men's  lives,  as  also 
for  their  faith,)  are  and  ought  to  be  open,  to  be  read  and 
known  of  all  sorts  of  men,  both  learned  and  unlearned. 
And  we  esteem  this  written  word  as  the  infallible  truth  of 
God,  full  of  majesty ;  and  the  authority  thereof  far  to  ex- 
ceed all  authority,  not  of  the  pope  of  Rome  only,  (who  is 
very  Antichrist,  and  therefore  is  to  be  detested  of  all  Chris- 
tians,) but  of  the  church  also,  of  councils,  fathers,  or  others 
whosoever,  either  men  or  angels. 

Then,  we  condemn  as  a  tyrannous  yoke  (wherewith  poor 
souls  have  been  oppressed)  whatsoever  men  have  set  up  of 
their  own  inventions,  to  make  articles  of  our  faith,  or  to  bind 
men's  conscience  by  their  laws  and  institutes.  In  sum,  all 
those  manners  and  fashions  to  serve  God,  which  men  have 
brought  in  without  the  authority  of  the  word,  for  the  war- 
rant thereof;  commended  either  by  custom,  by  the  title  of 
unwritten  verities,  traditions,  or  other  names  whatsoever.  Of 
which  sort  are,  the  doctrines  of  the  supremacy  of  the  see  of 
Rome,  purgatory,  the  mass,  transubstantiation,  the  corpo- 
real presence  of  Christ's  body  in  the  sacrament,  adoration 
thereof;  man's  merits;  free  will;  justification  by  works; 
praying  in  an  unknown  tongue,  to  saints  departed,  for  the 
dead,  upon  beads;  extolling  of  images,  pardons,  pilgrim- 
ages, auricular  confession ;  taking  from  the  lay-people  the 
cup  in  the  administration  of  the  sacrament ;  proliibition  of 
marriage ;  distinction  of  meats,  apparel,  and  days ;  briefly, 
all  the  ceremonies  and  whole  order  of  papistry  :  which  they 
call  the  hierarchy;  indeed,  a  devilish  confusion,  established 
as  it  were  in  despite  of  God,  and  to  the  mockery  and  re- 
proach of  all  Christian  religion.  These,  I  say,  with  such 
hke,  we  abjure,  renounce,  and  utterly  condemn. 

And  we  content  ourselves  with  the  simplicity  of  this  pure 
word  of  God,  and  doctrine  thereof.  A  summary  abridg- 
ment of  the  which,  we  acknowledge  to  be  contained  in  the 
confession  of  faith,  used  of  all  Christians,  which  is  com- 95 


140      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  monly  called,  The  creed  of  the  apostles:  holding  fast,  as 
'  the  apostle  warneth,  that  faithful  word,  which  serveth  to 
Aiiiio  1571. doctrine  and  instruction:  and  that  both  to  edify  our  own 
consciences  withal  unto  salvation  in  Christ  Jesus,  as  the 
alone  foundation,  whereon  Christ's  true  church  is  built,  he 
himself  being  the  chief  corner-stone;  as  the  same  apostle 
witnesseth  in  another  place  :  and  also,  to  exhort  others  with 
the  same  sound  and  wholesome  doctrine ;  and  to  convince 
the  gainsayers :  finally,  to  try  and  examine,  and  also  to 
judge  thereby,  as  by  a  certain  rule  and  perfect  touchstone, 
all  other  doctrines  whatsoever. 

And  therefore  to  this  word  of  God  we  humbly  submit 
ourselves  and  all  our  doings;  willing  and  ready  to  be 
judged,  reformed,  or  further  instructed  thereby,  in  all 
points  of  religion. 

This  method  of  devotion,  agreed  upon  and  used  for  the 
public  practice  of  religion  in  this  town,  and  for  the  better 
improving  both  clergy  and  laity  in  Christian  knowledge 
and  godliness,  had  such  notice  taken  of  it,  that  it  seemed 
not  to  escape  without  the  censure  of  men  of  looser  princi- 
ples. And  this  being  a  year  wherein  the  archbishop  and 
several  other  bishops  sat  in  an  ecclesiastical  commission ; 
and  they  by  a  special  letter  from  the  queen  commanded  to 
look  narrowly  into  any  novelties  introduced  into  the  church, 
and  to  set  an  effectual  stop  thereunto ;  this  scheme  might 
have  been  sent  up  from  Northampton  to  them  :  it  being  said 
in  the  title  to  it.  To  have  been  taken  andjhund  [as  by  some 
inquisition]  the  5th  of  June,  1571,  anno  xiii**.  reg:  reg'in. 
Elizab.  But  I  do  not  find  this  well-minded  and  religi- 
ously disposed  combination  of  both  bishop,  magistrates,  and 
people,  received  any  check  from  that  commission. 
Life  of  Before    these    commissioners    sitting   at    Lambeth  were 

Parken  "^  Several  puritans,  that  were  preachers,  cited ;  as  hath  been 
Book  iy.  elsewhere  shewn.  And  among  these  was  Chr.  Goodman, 
the  preacher,  a  man  famous  for  his  book  written  against 
the  government  of  women,  in  hatred  to  queen  Mary,  the 
great  persecutor  of  her  protestant  subjects,  and  for  the  law- 
fulness of  resisting  princes  in  some  cases.    This  gave  great 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  141 

disgust  to  the  queen,  and  to  the  governors  of  this  church ;    CHAP, 
insomuch  that  he  was  brought  to  a  revocation  of  that  book,  ' 


as  hath  been  also  shewn.    Now  he  is  required  to  make  a  Anno  1571. 
protestation  of  his  obedience  to  the  queen's  majesty.  Which  ^"^"fj^  °/ 
at  length  he  did,  with  the  subscription  of  his  own  hand  to  tion,  chap. 
the  same.    The  orig-inal  whereof  is  still  extant ;  and  bears    '^' 

1  •  1  7  .  -IT       7  7       r     tTOodman's 

this   title,  A   copy  of  the  protestation  willingly  made   0?/ protestation 
Christopher  Goodman,  preacher  of  Gods  word,  the  23(i  day  j[J^'^^g°^^" 
of  April,  1571,  at  Lamhhith,  hejhre  the  reverend  fathers  in  Van  queen. 
God,  my  lords  of  Canterbury,  Ely,  Salisbury,  Worcester,  Paper-office. 
Lincoln,  and  Bangor ;  concerning  his  dutiful  obedience  to 
the  queeri's  majesty''s  person,  and  her  lawful  government, 
being  thereof  demanded  by  the  said  lords ;  as  also  requested 
to  put  the  same  in  writing,  as  followeth  : 

"  I  Christopher  Goodman,  preacher  of  God's  word  in 
"  this  realm  of  England,  have  protested,  the  day  and  year 
"  above  written,  before  the  reverend  fathers  aforesaid,  and 
"  in  this  present  writing  do  unfeignedly  protest  and  confess 
"  before  all  men,  that  I  have  esteemed  and  taken  Eliza^ 
"  beth,  by  the  grace  of  God  queen  of  England,  France, 
"  and  Ireland,  defender  of  the  faith,  &c.  evermore  sithencegg 
"  her  coronation,  as  now,  and  shall  during  life  and  her 
"  grace's  government,  for  my  only  liege  lady  and  most 
"  lawful  queen  and  sovereign.  Whom  I  truly  reverence  in 
*'  my  heart,  love,  fear,  and  obey,  as  becometh  an  obedient 
"  subject,  in  all  things  lawful;  and  as  I  have  at  sundry 
"  times  in  open  pulpit,  willingly  and  of  mine  accord,  (never 
"  constrained  by  any,  otherwise  than  occasion  of  time  and 
"  matter  have  offered,)  declared  in  great  audience.  Who  can 
"  and  will  bear  me  sufficient  record.  Exhorting  and  per- 
*'  suading  all  men,  so  far  forth  as  in  me  did  lie,  to  the 
"  like  obedience  to  her  majesty.  For  whose  preservation 
"  and  prosperous  government  I  have  earnestly  and  daily 
"  prayed  to  God,  and  will,  being  assisted  by  his  holy  Spirit, 
"  during  my  life.  In  witness  whereof,  I  the  said  Christo- 
"  pher  have  subscribed  this  protestation  with  mine  own 
«  hand,  the  26th  day  of  April,  1571. 

"  Per  me  Christopherum  Goodmanum." 


142       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        I  find  him  in  Cheshire,  anno  1584,  a  refuser  of  subscrip- 
•        tion  to  the  Articles,  and  a  dissuader  of  others  thereto.    Of 


Anno  1571.  whom  archbishop  Whitgift  complained  unto  the  lord  trea- 
His  per.      surcr,  that  it  was  Mr.  Goodman,  a  man  that  for  his  per- 

vcrs6n6S5 

noted.        verseness  was  sufficiently  known,  and  some  other  evil  dis- 
Letter  of     poged  persons,  that  instilled  these  things  into  men''s  heads ; 

archbishop    '^  .  .        .  .  .    .       " 

Whitgift.     that  is,  objections  against  subscribing  to  all  the  articles  of 
religion,  and  to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 


CHAP.    XI. 

Zanchy  writes  to  the  queen  concerning  the  habits.  And  to 
bishop  Jewel.  His  advice.  BlacJcal,  a  pretended  minister, 
does  penance.  Popish  priests  officiate  in  the  chinxh.  Bi- 
shop JeweVs  death.  His  answer  to  Harding.  His  Apo- 
logy. Friendship  between  him  and  bishop  Parh:hurst. 
William  Kethe.  Loans.  WalsinghanCs  diligence:  earl 
of  Rutland.  Sir  Tho.  Smith,  ambassador.  Victory  over 
the  Turks, 

Zanchy  ZrfANCHY,  the  learned  Italian,  public  professor  of  di- 
the  queen  vinity  in  the  university  of  Heidelbergh,  this  year  intei-posed 
against  im-  ^jj.]-,  ^^]^g  queen,  in  the  behalf  of  the  puritan  ministers ;  that 

posing  the  '■  ,.  .  -,  ,.  ti*i 

habits.  she  would  not  enjom  weanng  of  the  surplice.  In  his  letter 
to  her  he  said,  "  There  were  many  bishops  then  alive  in  the 
"  kingdom,  greatly  renowned  for  all  kind  of  learning,  that 
"  chose  rather  to  leave  their  offices  and  places  in  the  church, 
"  than  against  their  own  consciences  to  admit  of  such  gar- 
*'  mcnts,  the  relics  of  popish  idolatry  and  superstition,  or  at 
"  least  signs  and  tokens  of  it ;  and  so  to  defile  themselves, 
"  and  give  offence  to  the  weak  by  their  example.  And  that 
"  by  these  means  the  seed  of  dissension  was  cast  among  the 
"  bishops.  He  added,  that  this  letter  he  wrote  by  command 
07  "  of  the  most  noble  prince,  one  of  her  majesty's  most  spe- 
"  cial  friends,  the  prince  elector  palatine."  The  letter  be- 
Lib.  epist.  i.  ing  very  long,  is  extant  in  print  among  Zanchy's  epistles, 
F:.!''!:::  and  was  translated  into  English  in  a  late  book,  called,  A 
fresh  suite  against  humane  ceremonies.  The  letter  was  sent 


toai.  viii. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  143 

to  bishop  Grindal,  by  his  hand   to  be   presented  to  the   CHAP. 
queen.    But  upon  serious  deliberation,  and  consultation  with 


other  learned  and  wise  men,  he  declined  to  deliver  it;  and  Anno  1571. 
gave  his  reasons  to  Zanchy  in  a  letter,  mentioned  elsewhere. 
But  Zanchy  was  misinformed,  as  appeared  by  his  letter  to  Life  of 
the  queen,  in  the  true  state  of  the  controversy ;  and  parti-  GHndai.^  ^ 
cularly  concerning  the   bishops ;   who  were  not  upon   the  Book  1. 
point  of  leaving  their  bishoprics,  rather  than  to  wear  their 
habits,  but  did  all  imanimously  comply  with  the  ecclesiasti- 
cal order,  as  bishop  Grindal  assured  him. 

But  to  relate  the  occasion  of  Zanchy's  letter.    Mount,  (a  By  Mount's 
German  by  birth,  but  much  employed  formerly  in  messages^"* ' 
out  of  England  to  the  German  princes  and  states,)  coming 
into  Germany  in  June  this  year,  1571,  shewed  unto  Zan- 
chy and  others  how  the  contest  about  the  apparel  was  re- 
vived in  England ;  and  that  the  queen  required  the  bishops 
and  ministers  duly  to  wear  the  habits  enjoined,  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  word  and  sacraments.    And  withal,  he 
added,  that  there  were  not  a  few,  even  of  the  bishops  them- 
selves, that  were  minded  rather  to  resign  their  office,  and 
depart  from  their  places,  than  yield  to  wear  the  garments. 
He  begged  Zanchy,  therefore,  that  he  would  address  a  let- 
ter to  the  queen,  and  admonish  her  of  her  duty.    And  that 
in  case  she  would  not  be  brought  to  relent,  and  revoke  her 
orders,  that  then  he  and  the  brethren  at  Heidelberg  should 
write  to  some  of  the  chiefest  and  prudentest  bishops,  how- 
soever not  to  forsake  their  function.    The  foresaid  reverend 
man,  after  denial  and  excuse  of  himself,  in  regard  of  his 
own  inability  for  such  a  work,  being  overpersuaded  by 
friends,  and  at  last  by  the  counsel  of  the  prince  elector  him- 
self, composed  a  letter  to  the  queen,  as  was  touched  before. 
Wherein  he  beseeched  her,  that  she  would  not  hearken  to 
such  counsels  as  certainly  repugned   the  office  of  a  good 
prince;  which  he  made  to  consist  in  three  things.    I.  To 
take  care  that  true  religion  and  the  worship  of  God  be  re- 
stored ;  and  being  restored,  to  be  preserved  pure.    II.  That 
all  her  people  live  honestly  and  godly.    III.  That  public 
peace  and  friendship  be  kept.    And  then  he  fell  upon  the 


144       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    habits  at  large,  marshalling  up  all  his  arguments  against 
_  them.    And  another  letter  he  also  wrote  to  bishop  Jewel ; 

Anno  1671.  and  yet  another  to  bishop  Grindal. 

The  sub-         The  bearers  of  these  letters  were  Ralph  Gualter, junior,  and 
his  letter  to  I^^lph  Zuinglius,  grandchild  to  Zuinglius  the  great  reformer 
Jewel.         of  Helvetia.     The  substance  of  that  to  bishop  Jewel  was  ; 
"  That  having  heard  from  Mount,  lately  returned  from  Eng- 
"  land,  that  many  godly  bishops  were  determined  to  lay  down 
"  their  offices,  and  leave  their  places,  rather  than  to  wear  the 
"  habits ;  he  was  earnestly  called  upon  by  the  brethren  there, 
"  to  persuade  the  said  bishops  not  so  to  do.    And  that  he 
"  wrote  to  him,  being  a  person  of  so  great  learning  and 
"  sway  in  the  church,  to  use  his  interest  with  them  to  con- 
*'  tinue  in  their  places ;  seeing  that  Satan  sought  nothing 
"  more  than  to  dissipate  the  church,  by  scattering  away  the 
98  "  true  bishops.    For  there  seemed  to  be  no  reason,  why  a 
"  pastor  should  leave  his  flock,  so  long  as  he  might  freely 
*'  teach  and   administer  the  sacraments  according  to  the 
"  word  of  God,  although  he  be  compelled  to  do  something 
"  which  is  not  wholly  approved  of,  so  it  be  of  the  nature  of 
"  things  which  of  themselves  and  in  their  own  nature  are 
*'  not  evil,  but  indifferent,  being  commanded  of  the  queen : 
"  and  when  one  of  these  two  must  happen,  either  to  depart 
*'  his  place,  or  obey  such  a  command,  he  should  rather 
"  obey ;  but  with  a  lawful  protestation ;  and  the  people  to 
"  be   by  him   taught,   why,   and    upon  what  account,  he 
Nunquam    "  obeyed  that  command.  And  that  this  opinion  was  so  plain 
t€rTes*sua'  "  ^^^  clear,  both  by  scriptures,  the  fathers,  and  ecclesiastical 
natura  adi-  «  historians,  that  it  would  be  needless  to  bring  any  proof  to 
serenda  est  "  them  whicH  were  any  thing  exercised  therein.    For  a  law- 
vocatio  le-   «  f^\  jj^^^j  necessarv  vocation  is  never  to  be  foi'saken  by  rea- 

gitima  et  ...  ... 

necessaria.  "  son  of  things  in  their  own  nature  indifferent." 
Zancii.  ep.  ^^  ^^^  ^j^^  papists,  many  of  the  popish  priests  still  kept 
p. 391.  their  parishes,  and  their  old  inclination  to  superstition  too. 
Biackai,  a  But  among  the  scandalous  churchmen  in  these  days,  the 
churchman,  g'"^^test  surely  was  one  Blackal,  born  at  Exeter,  who  did 
does  pe-  penance  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  Aug.  6,  and  then  and  there, 
before  all  the  congregation,  cried  and  breathed  out  against 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  145 

Northbroke  many  foul  and  slanderous  reports,  to  the  grief   CHAP, 
of  the  godly,  and  joy  of  the  wicked.    For  this  Northbroke       ^*' 


had  detected  his  horrible  vices,  and  manifested  them  to  cer- Anno  1571. 
tain  of  his  friends,  to  the  end  he  might  be  the  better  re- 
claimed. Upon  this  slander,  the  queen's  commissioners  sent 
for  Northbroke  to  come  before  them.  But  when  he  appeared, 
Blackal  stole  away  from  his  keeper,  to  the  prisoners  then  in 
the  Marshalsea;  knowing  that  he  had  falsely  accused  him. 
So  that  he  could  not  have  him  face  to  face  before  the  com- 
missioners. The  crimes  which  brought  him  to  this  penance 
were,  that  he  had  four  wives  alive :  and  also  that  he  had  in- 
truded himself  into  the  ministry  for  the  space  of  twelve 
years,  and  yet  was  never  lawfully  called,  nor  made  minister 
by  any  bishop.  Four  days  after  his  penance  at  the  Cross, 
he  was  set  in  the  pillory  in  Cheapside,  with  papers  on  his 
head,  for  taking  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury''s  seal  from 
one  writing,  and  setting  it  to  a  counterfeit  commission.  He 
was  a  chopper  and  changer  of  benefices,  little  passing  by 
what  ways  or  means,  so  he  might  but  get  money  from  any 
man.  He  would  run  from  country  to  country,  and  from 
town  to  town,  leading  about  with  him  naughty  women.  As 
in  Gloucestershire  he  led  a  naughty  strumpet  about  the 
country,  named  Green  Apron.  He  altered  his  name  where- 
soever he  went ;  going  by  these  several  surnames,  Blackal, 
Barthal,  Dorrel,  Barkly,  Baker. 

And  what  sort  of  popishly  aifected  priests  still  officiated  Priests  con- 
in  the  church,  the  forementioned  Northbroke  will  tell  us,  in  h°uTpapL'ts. 
his  epistle  to  a  book  entitled,  A  brief  and  pithy  sum  o/'^/i^  Abrief  and 
Christian  Jaith.    Therein  he  spake  "  of  certain  men,  then  ^'^  ysum, 
"  ministers  of  the  church,  who  were  papists,  and  so  gave  out 
"  themselves  to  be  in  their  discourses.  Who  subscribed  and 
"  observed  the  order  of  service,  wore  a  side  gown,  a  square 
"  cap,  a  cope  and  surplice.    They  would  run  into  corners, 
"  and  say  to  the  people.  Believe  not  this  new  doctrine ;  it  is 
"  naught ;  it  will  not  long  endure :  although  I  use  order 
"  among  them  outwardly,  my  heart  and  profession  is  from  2^ 
"  them,  agreeing  with  the  mother  church  of  Rome.    No,  no, 
"we  do  not  preach,  nor  yet  teach  openly.    We  read  their 

VOL.  II.  L 


146      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Aono  1571 

Popish 

priests. 


Bishop 
Jewel  dies. 
His  last 
words  and 
prayer. 
Preface  to 
View  of  a 
seditious 
Bull. 


His  books 


His  last 
words. 


"  new  devised  homilies  for  a  colour,  to  satisfy  the  time  for  a 

_"  season. 

"  Several  nowadays  of  the  popish  priests,  he  said,  were 
"  thieves,  perjurers,  murderers,  buggerers,  [I  blush  to  re- 
"  peat  the  rest,]  and  some  of  them  were  arraigned  at  the 
"  bar  for  it  in  Exeter,  and  elsewhere." 

This  Northbroke  was  minister  of  Redchff  in  Bristol,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  persons  that  Gilbert,  bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  ordained. 

This  year  put  a  period  to  tlie  life  of  the  singularly  learned 
and  most  eminent  bishop,  John  Jewel.  His  discourse  and 
prayer  on  his  deathbed,  a  Httle  before  his  death,  was  very 

a  devout  and  edifying;  and  therefore  worthy  recording  to 
posterity :  as  it  was  taken  from  his  mouth  by  John  Gar- 
brand,  who  was  always  about  him,  and  then  present,  (as 
well  as  divers  others,)  and  set  down  by  him.  The  day  and 
night  before  his  [the  bishop's]  departure  out  of  this  world, 
he  expounded  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  gave  short  notes 
upon  the  seventy-first  Psalm  [the  suitable  Psalm  appointed 
to  be  read  in  the  Office  of  Visitation  of  the  Sick]  to  such  as 
were  by  him.    He  thought  good  to  say  somewhat  at  that 

.  time  of  the  books  written  by  him,  and  set  forth  in  print ; 
and  also  of  his  preaching.  In  both  which  services  done  by 
him  to  the  glory  of  God,  he  made  protestation  of  his  good 
conscience;  which  even  then,  he  declared,  witnessed,  and 
should  witness  with  him  before  God,  that  he  dealt  simply 
and  plainly,  having  God  only  before  his  eyes,  and  seeking 
the  defence  of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  and  that  the  truth 
thereof  might  be  opened  and  maintained.  And  further,  he 
gave  thanks  to  God,  that  made  him  his  servant  in  so  great 
a  work.  And  then  visited  him  by  this  messenger  of  death, 
whilst  he  was  doing  the  message  of  God  in  visiting  his  dio- 
cese. That  then  he  called  him  to  rest  from  his  labours, 
when  his  weak  body  was  spent  and  worn  out  in  setting 
forth  the  glory  of  God.  For  which  he  many  times  prayed, 
it  would  please  God  to  let  him  be  offered  in  sacrifice. 

He  was  at  that   time  very  fervent  in  prayer,  which  he 
poured  out  before  the  Lord  abundantly,  and  in  great  faith ; 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  147 

crying  often,  "  Lord,  let  thy  servant  now  depart  in  peace :    CHAP. 
"  Lord,  let  thy  servant  now  come  to  thee.     I  have  not  so       ^    ' 


"  lived,  that  I  am  ashamed  to  live:  neither  am  I  afraid  toA""oi57i. 
"  die:  for  we  have  a  gracious  Lord.  There  is  laid  up  for 
"  me  a  crown  of  righteousness.  Christ  is  my  righteousness: 
"  thy  will  be  done,  O  Lord ;  for  mine  is  frail  :■"  with  many 
other  such  godly  speeches.  In  the  extremity  of  his  disease 
he  shewed  great  patience ;  and  when  his  voice  failed,  that 
he  lay  speechless,  he  lifted  up  his  hands  and  eyes,  in  wit- 
ness of  his  consent  to  those  prayers  which  were  made.  Thus 
being  virtuously  occupied,  and  wholly  resting  himself  upon 
the  mercies  of  God  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour,  he 
rendered  up  his  soul  to  God. 

This  John  Garbrand,  who  gave  the  foregoing  account  of  MSS.  of 
bishop  Jewel's  holy  end,  had  a  legacy  in  the  said  bishop's  J|.'i'°,Pbe- 
last  will,  of  all  his  papers,  writings,  and  notes  of  his  travails  queathed. 
in  God's  vineyard,  and  other  his  devices  of  learning  what- 
soever.   And  from  this  rich  stock  of  manuscripts,  he  set 
forth  the  bishop's  answer  to  the  pope's  bull  against  queen  100 
Elizabeth,  called,  A  view  of  a  seditious  bidl:  with  Gar- 
brand's  preface :  wherein  the  former  relation  of  his  death  is 
mentioned.    Published  anno  1582.    He  was  master  of  arts 
of  Oxford,  and  a  prebendary  of  Sarum.     Dr.  Tho.  Wylson, 
master  of  St.  Katharine's,  (whom  we  have  occasion  to  men- 
tion sometimes,)  had  writ  a  learned  book   against  usury : 
which  this  bishop  having  perused,  sent  the  writer  a  letter, 
signifying  his  judgment  and  allowance  thereof.    Which  ex- 
cellent letter  Wylson  now  sent  to  Garbrand ;   that  he  might 
treasure  it  up  among  the  rest  of  those  valuable  papers  in  his 
possession. 

Concerning  his  book  against  Harding,  three  great  princes  His  book 
successively,  viz.  queen  Elizabeth,  king   James,  and  king '^ar°in-. 
Charles,  and  four  archbishops,  were  so   satisfied  with   the 
truth  and  learning  contained  in  it,  that  they  enjoined  it  to 
be  chained  up  and  read  in  all  parish  churches  throughout 
England  and  Wales.    Which  the  author  of  the  book,  called 
^  The  holy  table,  name,  and  thing,  had  noted  in  honour  of  xable^ 
that  prelate's  works,  upon  occasion  of  the  dissatisfaction  that  Name,  and 

I-   'i  p.  208. 


148      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1571. 
His  Apo- 
log;y  comes 
forth  the 
second 
tiiue. 


What  was 
done  in  the 
reforma- 
tion. 

Ep.  dedic. 
to  the 
queen. 


his  antagonist  had  expressed  concerning  something  written 
therein,  concerning  the  ancient  standing  of  the  altar  or  com- 
munion-table. 

And  this  year  of  the  said  bishop's  death,  the  second  im- 
pression of  his  Apology  of  the  Church  of  England  came 
forth,  dedicated  by  him  to  the  queen.    And  was  again  re- 
printed with  the  rest  of  this  excellent  bishop's  works,  anno 
1611,  dedicated  to  king  James  I.    In  the  said  dedication  to 
the  queen,  I  cannot  but  insert  here,  ob  re'i  mei?ioriam,  what 
is  there  told  to  have  been  done  in  the  reformation.    "  Nei- 
"  ther  have  we,  (said  he,)  in  the  public  reformation  of  our 
"  church,  doctrine,  and  service,  changed  or  purged  out  any 
"  thing   taught   and   approved  by  the  fathers ;  but  only 
"  such  errors,  superstitions,  and  abuses,  as  beside  and  con- 
"  trary  to  this  rule  or  sense  crept  into  the  church,  by  add- 
"  ing  of  things  that  formerly  were  not,  or  detracting  of 
"  them  that  were,  or  otherwise  altering  or  perverting  them 
"  from    the  right  sense,  meaning,  and  use,  wherein  they 
"  were  instituted,  taken,  and  used  by  the  said  godly  fa- 
"  thers :  as  also  through  the  foolish  imitation  of  Jews  or 
"  Gentiles,  wanton  curiosity  of  men's  inventions,  blindness 
"  of  devotion,  emulation  for  the  continuance  and  increase  of 
"  such  vanities  once  begun :  but  chiefly  through  the  envy 
"  and  malice  of  that  wicked  one ;  who  while  the  husband- 
"  man  slept,  sowed  tares  in  the  Lord's  field,  to  the  corrupt- 
"  ino-  and  choking  of  that  good  corn  so\vn  by  our  Saviour 
"  Jesus  Christ's  holy  apostles.    Which  lawful  reformation 
"  of  our  church,  and  necessary  repurgation  of  such  enormi- 
"  ties,  is  so  far  from  taking  from  us  the  name  or  nature  of 
"  true  catholics  and  Christians,  or  depriving  us  of  the  com- 
"  munion  and  fellowship  of  the  apostolic  church,  or  from 
"  overthrowing,  endangering,   or  any  whit   impairing   the 
"  right  faith,  religion,  sacraments,  priesthood,  and  govern- 
"  ment  of  the  catholic  church,  [as  the  papists  then  charged 
"  the  reformers  with,]  that  it  hath  cleared  and  better  settled 
"  them  unto  us ;  and  made  us  a  readier  and  surer  way  to  the 
"  true  knowledge,  right  use,  and  happy  fruit  of  them." 
This  Apology  he  set  forth  in  the  name  of  all  the  bishops, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  149 

as  a  book  containing  their  professed  judgment  and  doctrine.    CHAP. 
So  Parkhurst,  bishop  of  Norwich,  one  of  those  bishops, 


wrote  to  Johannes  Wolphius,  one  of  his  correspondents  in  Anno  1571. 
Helvetia,  Is  \Juellus^  omnium  nostrorum  nomine  edidit.  ^*^**  ^"*  . 

11  IP  1  •  1         c  1  •  "°°^ '" 

And  so  well  approved  of  was  this  work  of  his,  not  only  the  name 
here  at  home,  but  by  the  reformed  divines  abroad,  that  the ^^{^"^l ^^ 
said  Wolphius,  a  learned  divine  of  Zuric,  translated  it  into  \q\ 
the  German  language ;  which  the  said  bishop  took  notice  of, 
and  commended  him  for  doing.  And  not  his  Apology 
alone,  but  all  the  rest  of  his  labours  in  vindication  of  the 
reformed  church,  had  been  put  into  the  learned  language 
by  himself  probably,  had  he  lived.  For  the  said  bishop  had 
earnestly  excited  him  so  to  do,  for  the  public  good,  and  for 
the  exposing  of  the  errors  and  superstitions  superinduced 
upon  the  Christian  religion.  For  so  in  one  of  his  letters  he 
relateth ;  that  though  at  first  he  refused  upon  his  motion 
to  set  upon  that  work,  yet  afterwards  he  made  no  doubt, 
had  he  lived,  he  should  (for  the  great  interest  he  had  with 
him)  have  persviaded  him  to  have  done  it.  But  however,  he 
resolved  to  put  some  one  of  his  learned  friends  to  undertake 
it.  And  at  length  William  Whitaker,  D.  D.  performed  it 
well. 

There  was  a  dear  affection  between  the  said  bishop  Park-  Jewel's  let- 
hurst  and  him,  which  began  in  the  university;  where  Park- q^J^°^" 
hurst  was  his  tutor  as  well  as  his  friend.     Some  marks  of  Parkhurst, 
this  intimacy  appear  in  a  letter  (still  extant)  written  by^jg§  p^] 
Jewel  from  Oxford  to  him,  now  shifting  for  himself  in  ob--'"!'-  Ep. 
scure  places,  and  deprived  of  his  rich  benefice  of  Cleves, 
soon  after  the  access  of  queen  Mary  to  the  crown  ;  in  these 
words ;  ParJcIm?-ste  mi,  mi  Parkkurste,  quid  ego  te  nunc 
putem  agere  ?  Marine,  an  vivere ;  in  Jletione  esse,  an  in 
Fleta  ?  &c.     "  My  Parkhurst,  mine  own  Parkhurst,  what 
"  may  I  think  you  now  do .''  Are  you  dead  or  alive  ?    Are 
"  you  a  weeping,  or  are  you  in  the  Fleet .''   [in  which  pri- 
"  son  many  of  the  professors  of  religion  were  now  commit- 
**  ted.]    Certainly  such  ever  was  the  equity  of  your  mind, 
"  that  you  take  all  these  afflictions  (whatsoever  they  are)  in 

"  good  part News  with  us  there  is  none.    We  have 

l3 


150      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  old  things  enough,  and  too  much  ;"  [meaning  the  old  su- 
*•        perstitions  brought  in  again  among  them  at  Oxford.]    And 
Anno  1571.  then  he  prayed  Parkhurst  to  write  to  him,  what  was  be- 
come of  Harley  ;   [late  made  bishop  of  Hereford  ;]  and  in 
what  condition  his  own  affairs  were,  and  what  were  his 
hopes,  what  his  fears. 

And  in  another  letter  wrote  a  few  days  after  to  him,  he 
hath  these  expressions :  Quid  ego  nunc  ad  te,  Parl<:hurste^ 
scribam,  vel  quid  potius  taceam  ?  &c.  "  What  shall  I  now, 
"  Parkhurst,  write  to  you  ?  or  rather,  what  shall  I  be  silent 
"  in  ?  It  is  now  a  great  while  that  I  have  desired  to  hear 
"  how  you  do,  how  you  have  done,  and  where  you  are. 
"  And  although  Cleves  [your  living]  be  taken  from  you, 
"  and  all  things  be  changed  with  you,  I  hope  that  mind  of 
"  3' ours  can  neither  be  taken  away  from  you  nor  changed." 
But  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  letters  themselves,  exemplified 
Numb.  XI.  in  the  Appendix. 

Bishop  The  divines  of  the  church  of  Ziuic  in  Switzerland  had 

sends  the     a  very  great  veneration  for  bishop  Jewel ;   who  had  some- 
news  of  his  |.j^^g    soiourned  with    them    there.     And   therefore   of  his 

tiefitb  to 

Zuric.         death,  his  friend,  bishop  Parkhurst,  sent  the  news  to  Rp- 
hS'm'eT  dolphus  Gualter,  after  this  manner :   "  My  Jewel,  my  trea- 
epis.Eiien.  "  sure,  yea,  the  treasure  of  all  England,  died  September 
102"  23."    And   so  to  Lavater,  another  learned  man  there: 
"  Jewel,  the  learnedest  of  all  the  bishops  in  England,  is 
"  dead."     He  also  writ,  that  Lawrence  Humphrey,  presi- 
dent of  Magdalen  college,   Oxon,  (whom  they  also  knew 
well,)  was  commanded  to  write  his  life.  And  that  he  had  ac- 
cordingly wrote  two  letters  to  him,  the  said  Parkhurst,  be- 
seeching him,  (Jewel  having  been  his  scholar,  and  always 
most  dear  to  him,  to  furnish  him  with  what  he  knew  con- 
cerning him.    And  that  accordingly  he  had  prepared  and 
sent  Dr.  Humphrey  several  notices  concerning  him,  utjusta 
persolvam   (as   he  wrote)   amicissimi  Juelli.     For   indeed, 
as  he  added,  he  could  relate  more  of  bishop  Jewel,  than  all 
Eng-land  beside. 
A  sermon        J  yy\\\  make  a  short  mention  here  of  another  divine,  and 
Wii.Kethe,an  exile,  as  Jewel  was,  but  by  nation  a  Scot;  namely,  Wil- 

against  pro- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  151 

liam  Kethe.     He  was  with  Coverdale,  Whittington,  Gilby,    CHAP, 
one  of  the  chief  exiles  at  Geneva,  noted  for  his  learning,       " 


and  one  of  those  that  were  employed  there  in  translating  Anno  1571. 
the  Bible  into  English:  which  Bible  was   thereupon  com- '^^"'"^.'^^^ 

^  .  ^  sablmth. 

monly  called  the  Geneva  Bible ;  and  who  put  some  of  the  Lambith 
Psalms  into  metre ;  viz.  those  noted  with  the  two  capital  let- 1.^^'  g°  ,'g 
ters  W.  K.  This  year,  or  the  last,  was  printed  a  sermon 
preached  by  him  at  the  sessions  holden  at  Blandford  Eorum, 
in  the  county  of  Dorset :  which  he  dedicated  to  Ambrose 
earl  of  Warwick.  In  this  sermon  he  inveighed  against  such 
as  profaned  the  sabbath.  The  earl  he  acknowledged  his 
special  good  master  and  lord,  and,  under  God  and  the 
queen,  one  of  his  chief  protectors  and  defenders  against 
such  as  would  offer  him  injury.  He  was  with  that  lord  at 
Newhaven,  (which  the  queen  held  against  the  French,  anno 
1563,)  to  discharge  the  office  of  a  minister  and  preacher 
there :  which  he  also  spake  of  in  his  said  epistle  :  and  was 
with  him  likewise  the  last  year  [viz.  1570]  in  the  north 
parts,  one  of  the  preachers  unto  the  queen's  army  there 
against  the  rebels ;  saying  also,  that  he  practised  there  a 
kind  of  discipline,  even  upon  those  that  by  birth  and  pa- 
rentage were  far  above  him :  meaning,  as  it  seems,  the  Ge- 
neva discipline,  that  he  had  learned  at  Geneva.  This  letter 
was  dated  from  Childokford,  the  29th  of  January,  1570. 

I  add  one  notice  more  of  this  man.  There  be  at  the 
end  of  Goodman's  book,  entitled.  How  superior  powers 
ought  to  be  obeyed  by  their  subjects,  some  verses  of  his  to 
the  reader,  (for  he  was  poetical,)  on  the  subject  of  wicked 
princes;  viz. 

Whose  fury  long  fost'red  by  sufF'rance  and  awe. 
Have  right  rule  subverted,  and  made  will  their  law. 
Whose  pride  how  to  temper  this  truth  will  thee  tell ; 
So  as  thou  resist  rnay'st,  and  yet  not  rebell,  &c. 

It  is  worth  observing  the  substance  of  a  proclamation,  set  Loans  re- 
forth  by  the  queen,  November  24,  to  keep  up  an  assured  jj^'^gj^  ^  *^  ^ 
credit  with  her  subjects,  that  had  lent  her  money.    For  as 
she  sent  privy  seals  for  loans  to  them  sometimes  in  her 

l4 


152       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   need,  so  she  was  most  exact  in  the  just  and  easy  repayment 
of  them  again.    The  purport  tlierefore  of  this  proclamation 


Anno  1571.  was,  to  declare,  how  she  had  caused  knowledge  to  be  given 
to  the  parties  that  lent  her  money  the  last  summer,  at  what 
time  the  same  should  be  certainly  repaid  to  every  of  them, 
having  respect  to  the  time  of  their  first  payment  made  to 
103  the  collectors.  And  now  she  notified  by  this  proclamation, 
(meaning  to  observe  the  said  determination,)  that  the  pay- 
ment should  be  made  in  this  sort:  to  everyperson,  that 
should  in  respect  of  the  time  of  their  payment  made,  receive 
any  sums  of  money  in  the  month  of  November,  should  have 
the  same  freely  and  fully  paid  before  the  end  of  the  present 
month  of  November.  And  whosoever  should  have  payment 
according  to  the  aforesaid  signification  in  the  next  month  of 
December,  should  have  the  same  also  freely  and  fully  paid 
immediately  after  the  20th  of  the  same  month.  And  so  con- 
sequently every  person  every  month  afterward.  So  punc- 
tual was  the  queen  to  keep  up  her  credit  with  her  people, 
whereby  she  obtained  such  a  degree  in  their  love,  and 
readiness  to  serve  her  with  their  estates. 

In  the  same  proclamation  she  took  notice  of  some  abuses 
heretofore  in  some  of  her  ministers,  who  had  charge  to  make 
payment  of  like  sums  lent  to  her  majesty,  conti-ary  to  her 
meaning :  and  that  in  some  parts  of  her  realm,  some  of  her 
good  subjects  had  been,  by  sinister  dealings,  induced  to 
make  payment  of  parcel  of  the  money  demanded  by  privy 
Abuses  of  seals :  which  sums  had  been  returned,  and  not  paid  over  to 
^TnLt'ersln  her  usc.  And  some  also  had  been  paid,  or  lent  by  way  of 
the  Joans,  reward,  to  procure  a  forbearance  to  lend  any  to  lier  ma- 
jesty. These  abuses,  she  declared,  she  meant  to  cause  to  be 
searched,  tried,  and  punished.  And  for  more  surety,  that 
none  of  her  subjects,  that  had  lent  to  her  upon  her  privy 
seal  any  sum  of  money,  should  be  delayed  or  misused  in  the 
payment,  she  gave  commission  to  the  lord  keeper  of  her 
great  seal,  the  carl  of  Leicester,  the  lord  Burghley,  and  sir 
Walter  Mildmay,  knight,  to  direct  the  repayment  thereof. 

So  that  whosoever  should  bring  her  majesty''s  letters  of 
her  privy  seal,  with  the  subscription,  or  bill  of  the  collector, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  153 

testifying  the  receipt   of  any  money,  demanded  or  con-    cHAP. 
tained  in  the  said  privy  seal,  and  shew  the  same  to  the  lord      ^'• 
keeper,  &c.  should  have  order  immediately  to  receive  the  Anno  1571. 
whole  sum  due  to  him  at  Westminster,  without  paying  any 
manner  reward  to  any  officer  or  person  for  the  payment,  or 
any  manner  colour  for  expedition  therein. 

And  if  any  such  person  were  not  able,  or  should  not  be 
disposed  to  come  personally,  by  some  letter  of  attorney,  or 
other  assignation,  authorizing  another  party  to  receive  the 
money,  he  should  have  present  free  and  full  payment,  with- 
out delay  or  reward,  in  any  sort  or  manner.  For  such  was 
her  majesty's  intent,  that  her  loving  subjects  should  be 
thankfully  and  freely  paid.  Which  also  should  have  been  to 
their  proper  hands  in  the  countries,  but  for  more  delays 
and  uncertainties,  that  thereof  many  ways  might  follow,  to 
the  hinderance  of  her  subjects. 

Finally,  her  majesty  most  earnestly  desired,  that  if  any 
person  had  been  misused,  by  pretence  of  demanding  any 
money  upon  any  such  privy  seal,  to  give  any  thing  in  re- 
ward, or  lend  any  portion  to  be  spared  from  lending  to  her 
majesty ;  that  the  same  persons  would  speedily  notify  the 
same,  either  to  the  sheriff  of  the  shire,  or  to  any  such  per- 
son as  had  charge  in  these  last  years  to  be  lieutenants  of  the 
shires,  or  to,  &c.  whom  her  majesty  chargeth  to  make  cer- 
tificate to  the  said  lord  keeper.  That  upon  the  certainty 
thereof  known,  the  parties  should  have  full  repayment  104 
thereof.  Given  at  her  manor  of  Greenwich,  the  24th  of  No- 
vember, 1571,  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  her  reign. 

Walsingham  was  still  in  France,  the  queen's  active  and  Waising- 
most  useful  ambassador  at  that  court:  so  faithful  and  dili- ^j^j^^  j^ 
eent,  that  he  stuck  at  no  pains  or  charge  in  her  service.  He  France,  his 

.  .  .  .  diligence. 

had  intelligencers  of  all  sorts :  so  that  his  news  and  infor- 
mations sent  into  England  were  large  and  important.  One 
of  these  was  an  Irishman,  named  captain  Thomas;  who 
seemed  to  be  his  spy  for  Irish  affairs.  And  another  a  Spa- 
niard. Of  whom  he  gave  secretaiy  Cecil  this  character, 
(which  was  somewhat  extraordinary  for  men  in  this  kind  of 
employment,)  that  he  was  "  wise  and  religious,  honest  and  pon^P-  -Am- 


154      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   "  leanied."    This  gentleman  he  sent  over  from  Paris  to  the 
_J secretary  with  news.  He  knew  well  the  office  of  an  ambassa- 


Anno  1571.  dor :  whicli  made  him  use  these  words  in  one  of  his  private 
letters,  written  this  year  to  Cecil,  (having  writ  something  to 
him  contrary  to  what  the  queen  was  doing ;  and  saying,  that 
nothing  could  be  more  fit  in  his  poo7'  opinion,  added ;)  This 
I  am  bold  to  write  as  a  private  man,  in  a  private  letter, 
having  no  opinion,  as  an  ambassador,  [i.  e.  no  opinion  of 
his  own,]  but  according  to  the  will  of  his  prince.  But  in 
this  public  service  he  ran  himself  much  in  debt ;  and  had 
done  injury  to  his  own  patrimony.  Of  this  with  no  little 
concern  he  acquainted  the  earl  of  Leicester  and  sir  Walter 
Mildmay,  his  friends ;  and  likewise  the  secretary ;  shewing 
His  need,  him  more  particularly  his  case ;  viz.  "  That  her  maiestv"'s 
by  his  great "  allowance  did  not  by  10/.  in  a  week  defray  his  ordinary 
expenses,  a  charges  of  household.  And  yet  neither  his  diet  was  like 
"  to  any  of  his  predecessors,  nor  yet  the  number  of  his  ser- 
"  vants  so  many  as  they  had  heretofore  kept.  And  that  of 
"  800/.  that  he  brought  in  his  purse  into  that  country,  he 
"  had  not  left  in  money  and  provision  much  above  300/. 
"  Far  contrary  to  that  account  he  made:  who  thought  to 
"  have  had  500/.  always  aforehand,  to  have  made  his  pro- 
"  visions.  So  that,  as  he  concluded,  unless  there  were,  by 
"  his  lordship's  good  means,  some  consideration  had  of  him, 
"  he  could  not  but  sink  under  the  burden."  And  in  an- 
other he  repeats  the  same  complaint ;  desiring  that  he  might 
have  some  consideration  from  the  queen,  that  he  might  with 
the  better  courage  employ  himself  in  her  service.  And  that 
he  craved  no  recompence,  only  required  to  return  home  in 
no  worse  state  than  he  went  forth.  The  secretary  ac- 
quainted the  queen  with  this  condition  and  suit  of  his.  And 
she  well  knowing  his  merits,  meant  to  do  somewhat  for  his 
relief. 
Earl  of  Rut-      The  uoblc  earl  of  Rutland,  Edward  Manners,  in  the 

land  goes  to  i        <?   t  hi-  t-i 

France.       month  of  January  travelled  into  France.    Whom  the  said 

secretary  desired  our  said  ambassador  to  present  as  soon  as 

His  noble    he  might  to  the  French  king.    And  that  in  expressing  of 

ineage.       j^^^  lineage,  he  might  boldly  affirm  him  to  be  akin  to  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  155 

queen''s  majesty,  both  by  king  Henry  VIII.  her  father,  and   cHAP. 
also  by  the  queen's  mother.     And  that  he  was  of  the  blood       ^^- 
royal  in  the  same  degree  that  the  earl  of  Huntingdon  was;  Anno  1571. 
the  difference  being  only,  that  the  lord  Huntingdon  was  of 
a  brother  of  king  Edward  IV.  and  the  lord  Rutland  of  a 
sister  of  the  same  king,  [viz.  Anne  duchess  of  Exeter,  and 
so  bears  on  a  chief  quarterly  two  flowers  de  luce  of  France, 
and  a  lion  of  England.]     And  thereby  was  indeed  as  near  105 
in  blood,  though  further  in  danger  of  fortune's  wheel,  (as 
the  said  secretary  writ,)  which  was  busy  with  carriage  of 
kings'  crowns  to  and  fro.    This  lord,  besides  his  own  quality, 
had  many  good  parts  to  recommend  him. 

Great  matters  being  now  in  hand  with  France,  in  the  be-  Smith  goes 
ginning  of  the  month  of  December  sir  Tho.  Smith  was  ap-  t^France!"^ 
pointed  to  go  into  France,  in  quality  of  the  queen's  ambas- 
sador ;  but  went  not  before  February  following,  in  order  to 
the  making  of  a  firm  treaty,  off'ensive  and  defensive,  between 
that  king  and  her  majesty  :  and  to  speak  with  the  king  se- 
cretly concerning  the  marriage  between  the  queen  and  the 
duke.    The  instructions  are  preserved  in  the  Complete  Am-  comp.  Am- 
bassador.    Secretary   Cecil   (by  this  time  created  lord  of^^*-P''^^- 
Burghley)  writ  hereof  to  Walsingham,  and  gave  this  cha- 
racter of  Smith  ;  that  he  was  one  whom  they  thought  of  such  His  charac- 
dexterity  in  his  actions,  and  of  such  dutiful  good-will  hi-  ^^' 
therto,  as  no  advice  or  direction  should  be  given  by  him  to 
the  prejudice  of  her  majesty  and  her  state.     The  particular 
transactions  of  Smith  and  Walsingham  with  the  French  king 
in  this  embassy  have  been  shewn  before.  C^*P'  ^'• 

The  Christians  in  the  Levant  had  the  latter  end  of  this  Thanksgiv- 
year  given  a  notable  defeat  to  the  Turks,  and  destroyed  e^^^r  vTc-  " 
abundance  of  their  ships.    Of  this  the  duke  of  Alva  gave  tory  over 
the  queen  intelligence :  which  being  of  such  public  concern 
to  Christendom,  she  ordered  public  acknowledgments  to  be 
made  thereof  to  Almighty  God,  in  the  churches  of  her  me- 
tropolitan city,  and  all  tokens  of  joy.    Whereby  she  might 
also,  taking  this  occasion,  wipe  oft'  those  slanderous  popish 
aspersions  cast  upon  her,  as  though  she  held  friendship  and 
correspondence  with  the  infidels.     A  letter  to  that  end  was 


156       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    despatched  from  the  privy  council  to  the  bishop  of  London 
in  the   month  of  November,   to   cause   common  prayers, 


Anno  1571.  praises,  and  thanksgiving,  to  be  solemnly  used,  for  a  \ic- 
tory  gotten  against  the  Turks ;  and  notice  to  be  taken  of  it 
in  the  Paul's  Cross  sermon.  The  minutes  whereof  were  as 
follow  : 

Tiie  queen's      «  After  our  hearty  commendation  to  your  good  lordship. 

couiniand  _  •'  ...  •'• 

totiiebi-  "  The  queen's  majesty,  having  intelligence  given  her  from 
London  for  "  ^^^^  duke  of  Alva,  of  a  great  victory  lately  given  by  God's 
that  j.ur-     "  goodness  to  the  Christian  army,  serving  in  the  Levant 

pose.  .  ___  . 

MSS.  Wbit-"  seas,  against  the  Turk,  to  the  destruction  and  ruin  of  many 
gift.  a  Qf  their  galleys,  and  great  numbers  of  their  people ;  and 

*'  being  thankful  and  joyful  therefore,  as  for  a  singular 
"  great  blessing  sent  by  Almighty  God,  to  tlie  benefit  of 
"  the  universal  state  of  Christendom,  hath  thought  it  neces 
*•  sary,  as  well  by  common  prayers,  as  otherwise,  to  have  <• 
*'  public  demonstration  within  her  highness's  household,  ot 
*'  the  comfort  that  her  majesty  conceiveth  of  so  general  a 
"  good  turn.  And  having  commanded  to  the  lord  mayor 
"  of  London  a  like  joyful  signification,  to  be  expressed 
"  throughout  the  city  by  common  bonfires,  and  other  to- 
^*  kens  of  joy  and  thanksgiving  to  Almighty  God  to-morrow 
*'  at  night,  being  Friday  ;  her  majesty  hath  likewise  thought 
"  convenient,  and  so  her  pleasure  is,  that  we  should  signify 
*'  unto  you,  that  you  give  order,  not  only  within  your  ca- 
"  thedral  church,  but  also  throughout  all  the  other  churches 
lOO  «  throughout  the  city,  and  near  abouts,  that  the  people  may 
"  be  solemnly  assembled  at  some  common  pra^^er  of  praise 
"  and  thanksffiving;  at  some  convenient  time  to-morrow  in 
"  the  forenoon.  And  for  that  so  great  and  beneficial  favour 
*'  of  Almighty  God  ought  to  be  deeply  impressed  in  the 
"  hearts  of  the  people,  to  provoke  their  thankfulness  the 
"  more,  to  the  continuance  of  God's  great  goodness  towards 
"  us,  and  the  state  of  Christendom,  it  shall  be  very  neces- 
"  sary  that  he,  who  shall  preach  at  the  Cross  on  Sunday 
**  next,  be  prepared  to  say  something  on  this  behalf.  And 
*'  the  same  also  being  no  less  than  her  majesty's  plea- 
"  sure,  that  we  should   signify   unto   you,  we  doubt  not 


UNDRR  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  157 

but  your  lordship  will  be  careful  that  every  part  thereof    CHAP. 
shall  be  effectually  performed,  according  to  her  majesty*'s       ^^' 


"godly  intention.      And    so  we   bid  your  lordship  right  Anno  1 671. 
"  heartily  farewell.     From  Greenwich,  the  8th  day  of  No- 
"  vember,  1571." 

And  these  also  were  minutes  (corrected  and  enlarged  by 
the  pen  of  secretary  Cecil)  of  the  counciFs  letter,  by  the 
queen"'s  command,  as  above  said,  to  the  lord  mayor  of  Lon- 
don, for  the  giving  all  public  demonstrations  of  joy  at  this 
good  success,  by  making  bonfires,  and  the  like,  viz. 

"  That  the  queen's  majesty  being  lately  advertised  of  a  The  council 
"  most  happy  and  glorious  victory  given  by  God's  goodness  *°  ^^'^  I*""** 
"  to  the  Christian  army,  in  a  conflict  by  sea  against  our  bonfires. 
"  common  enemy,  the  Turk,  to  the  destruction  of  a  great  ^j^^ 
"  number,  both  of  their  galleys  and  armies,  in  the  sea,  to 
"  the  benefit  and  comfort  of  all  Christendom;  like  as  the 
*'  same  is  to  be  acknowledged  to  have  proceede4  of  God 
"  Almighty's  power  and  omnipotent  hand,  who  is  therefore 
"  to  be  thanked,  praised,  and  magnified  accordingly ;    so 
"  her  highness,  to  make  demonstration  of  her  own  house- 
"  hold,  how  joyfully  her  majesty  received  the  news  of  so 
"  general  a  benefit,  hath  commanded,  that  order  be  given, 
"  that  to-morrow  at  night,  being  Friday,  there  may  be  a  ge- 
"  neral  signification  of  like  to  be  given  throughovit  her  city 
"  of  London  by  such  solemn  manner  of  bonfires  in  every 
"  ward ;  and  such  other  joy  and  thankfulness  to  God,  as 
"  hath  been  in  such  cases  accustomed  upon  a  victory,  or  any 
"  other  benefit  received. 

"  And  for  that  purpose  we  require  you  earnestly,  in  her 
"  majesty's  name,  that  you  do  forthwith  appoint,  that  the 
"  same  may  be  performed  accordingly  throughout  the  city 
"  and  suburbs  of  the  same.  And  that  also  you  give  pre- 
"  sently  notice  to  all  franchises,  and  places  exempted,  within 
"  or  near  the  city,  that  the  like  order  may  be  used  there  at 
"  the  same  time,  as  is  in  your  jurisdiction.  And  that  while 
"  the  same  fires  are,  there  may  be  a  good  watch  to  continue 
"  the  greater  part  of  the  same  night  used." 


158       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  CHAP.  XII. 

'        Campion^  the  Jesuit^  persuades  the  bishop  of  Gloucester  to 

Anno  1571.     renounce  Ms  religion.     Many  now  leave  off  coming  to 

107      church.     Of  this  sort  xoere  some  gentlemen  in  Norwich 

diocese.      The  bishop's  letters  thereupon,  moved  by  orders 

Jrom  the  privy  council.     The  said  bis1iop''s  sermon  for 

satisfaction  of  puritans.     Their  exceptions  to  it  in  divers 

articles.     A  case  of  matrimony.     The  earl  of  Sussex  to 

the  bishop  of  Norzvich,  about  buying  and  selling  an  ad- 

vowson.     The  Dutch  church  in  Norwich. 

Campion      J-  O  Complete  my  relation  of  affairs  falling  out  this  year, 
th"^b^  r     especially  with  reference  to  religion,  I  shall  first  make  a  re- 
ofGiou-     mark  upon  Edmund  Campion,  the   Jesuit;   who  wrote  a 
return  to     "^^ry  earnest  letter  this  year  in  the  beginning  of  November, 
the  Roman  to  Cheny,  bishop  of  Gloucester,  to  return  to  the  Roman 
church ;    superscribed,   Ornatissimo    viro  Ricardo   Cheneo 
episcopo  Glocestriensi,  Edmundus  Campion.,  S.  P.  D.  (not 
Printed  at   as  it  is  now  abusively  printed  in  his  Opuscida,  pseudoepi- 
'  scopo  Glocestriensi.)   That  bishop  had  entertained  and  been 
kind  to  Campion  when  he  was  an  Oxford  scholar,  and  after- 
wards at  Gloucester.     And  upon  the  occasion  of  that  cloud 
Life  of        the  bishop  now  lay  under,  viz.  that  of  excommunication,  (as 
plrke^^"^  may  be  seen  elsewhere,)  the  Jesuit,  (being  now  turned  a 
B.  iv.  ch.  5.  zealot  for  popery,)  presuming  upon  his  old  acquaintance  with 
the  bishop,  directed  his  epistle  to  him.     And  to  make  him 
the  more  disaffected  to  the  reformed  church,  whereof  he  was 
at  present  cut  off  from  being  a  member,  he  put  him  in  mind 
of  a  former  accusation  of  him,  brought  by  certain  learned 
men  of  Oxford,  viz.  Cooper,   Humphrey,  and   Sampson  : 
who  had  sometime  charged  him  with  false  doctrines,  and 
His  argil-    made  complaints  of  him  on  that  account.    Against  whom  he 
the"bishop   Still  justified  himself  by  appealing  to  antiquity,  and  the  an- 
cient fathers  and  councils.     In  this  epistle  he  took  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  bishop's  years  and  constitution  of  body,  be- 
ing aged  threescore  years  and  upwards,  and  but  weakly. 
He  also  took  the  advantage  of  the  state  in  which  he  stood  at 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  159 

that  present,  being  neither  esteemed  by  the  reformed  nor    CHAP, 
the  catholics ;  calling  him,  hareticorum  odiurn^  cathoUco-  ' 


rum  pudor,  vulg-i  Jhbula,  tuorum  luctus,  inimicorum  Zwtii- Anno  1571. 
hrium;  i.e.  the  hatred  of  heretics,  the  shame  of  catholics, 
the  talk  of  the  people,  the  grief  of  his  friends,  and  the  sport 
of  his  enemies.  He  urged  moreover  to  him  his  own  judg- 
ment, that  he  was  an  enemy  to  Calvin  and  Zuinglius;  that 
he  did  not  approve  of  this  pestilent  sect,  [as  he  styled  the 
reformation,]  and  yet  by  holding  his  peace,  he  did  in  effect 
recommend  it. 

Further,  he  reminded  him  how  he  used  to  advise  with 
him,  when  he  was  young,  being  with  him  privately  in  his 
study  at  Gloucester,  that  he  should  go  plainly  and  uprightly 
as  it  were  in  the  beaten  road,  and  follow  the  steps  of  the  108 
church,  of  councils,  and  fathers.  And  that  he  should  be- 
lieve there  could  be  no  spot  of  falsehood  laid  to  the  charge  of 
these.  He  remembered  him,  how  being  to  dine  with  Mr. 
Tho.  Button,  at  Shirburn,  about  three  years  past,  and  meet- 
ing with  a  Cyprian,  he  [Campion]  took  occasion  to  object  to 
the  bishop  the  synod  of  Carthage,  which  erred  about  the 
baptism  of  heretics  :  and  that  therefore  it  seemed,  that  coun- 
cils were  not  ahvays  to  be  relied  on.  Which  he  said  on  pur- 
pose to  get  out  the  bishop's  answer :  which  was,  that  the 
Holy  Ghost  was  not  promised  to  one  single  province,  but 
to  the  church,  [meaning,  the  oecumenical  councils  were  only  Councils, 
to  be  regai'ded,  and  that  they  only  could  not  err.]  And 
that  the  universal  church  was  represented  in  a  full  council ; 
and  that  it  could  not  be  shewed  how  such  a  general  council 
was  ever  deceived  in  any  doctrine.  And  that  it  was  upon 
this  ground  that  he  believed  the  real,  corporeal  presence  in 
the  sacrament,  and  the  freedom  of  the  will.  And  finally,  he 
urged  to  the  bishop  his  opinion,  that  the  ancient  bishops 
were  to  be  the  interpreters  to  us  of  the  scriptures:  those 
who  were  custodes  depositi,  i.  e.  those  that  were  the  keepers 
of  the  ancient  faith. 

He  took  this  handle  to  make  a  ereat  flourish  with  the  Council  of 
most  famous  fathers  (as  he  styled  them)  and  patriarchs,  and  ed  by  Cam!' 
apostolical  men  of  the  late  council  of  Trent,  who  strove  P'""- 


160       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    together  for  the  faith  of  the  ancient  fathers.     There  were 
I 
_______  legates,  prelates,  cardinals,  bishops,  ambassadors,  doctors  of 

Anno  1571.  most  nations,  all  men  of  great  age  and  singular  wisdom, 
princes  for  dignity,  for  learning  admired  ;  gathered  together 
from  all  countries,  Italians,  French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese, 
Greeks,  Poles,  Hungarians,  Flemings,  Illyrians ;  many  from 
Germany,  some  from  Ireland,  Croatia,  Moravia,  and  one 
from  England. 

His  threat-  And  being  so  near  to  the  catholic  truth.  Campion  thought 
to  have  persuaded  him  by  this  and  the  foregoing  plausible 
arguments  to  have  fallen  quite  off  from  the  reformed  church 
of  England.  And  then,  lest  all  that  he  had  said  before 
might  not  serve  to  reclaim  him,  he  proceeded  to  threaten- 
ings :  that  he  had  now  one  foot  in  the  grave ;  and  perhaps 
presently  might  be  hurried  away  by  death,  be  set  before  the 
dreadful  tribunal,  to  hear  that  word.  Give  an  account  of  thy 
stewardship.  Then  those  hands  of  his,  which  had  admitted 
so  many  miserable  young  men  into  spurious  orders,  should 
beat  and  pierce  his  sulphurous  body  with  anguish :  then 
that  impure  mouth  of  his,  defiled  with  perjuries  and  schism, 
should  be  filled  with  fire  and  worms,  and  the  spirit  of  whirl- 
winds :  then  that  ambitious  pomp  of  his  flesh,  his  episcopal 
chair,  his  yearly  revenues,  his  spacious  house,  his  honour- 
able salutations,  his  retinue  of  servants,  his  plenty  and 
abundance,  (wherein  the  foolish  common  people  reckoned 
him  a  happy  man,)  should  all  end  in  horrible  weeping  and 
gnashing  of  teeth,  in  stench  and  filth,  and  prisons :  where 
the  ghosts  of  Calvin  and  Zuinglius,  with  whom  he  then  con- 
tended, should  continually  vex  him,  together  with  the  rest 
of  those  heretics,  Arius,  Sabellius,  Nestorius,  Wickliff,  and 
109 Luther;  in  a  word,  with  the  Devil  and  his  angels  of  dark- 
ness. That  there  with  them  he  should  be  tormented,  and 
belch  out  blasphemies. 

But  yet  he  could  not  but  commend  him,  that  he  put  out 
no  Roman  catliolics  in  his  diocese,  but  was  favourable  to 
those  of  that  persuasion  ;  that  he  kept  good  hospitality,  en- 
tertained the  citizens  of  Gloucester  and  other  honest  men  ; 
and  that  lie  did  not,  as  some  other  bishops  in  his  time,  di- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  161 

minish  and  wrong  his  bishopric,  his  palace,  nor  his  farms.    CHAP. 
I  have  set  down  this  matter  the  more  largely,  because  both  ______ 


the  bishop  and  the  Jesuit  were  of  note  about  these  times.       Anno  1571. 

This  is  the  sum  of  a  Latin  epistle  written  by  Campion  to 
that  bishop ;  printed  at  Ingolstadt ;  with  other  letters  and 
orations  of  the  said  Campion,  published  anno  1602,  by  Ro- 
bert Turner,  a  Jesuit,  his  scholar. 

And  indeed  by  this  instance,  as  well  as  by  the  defection  ^^^"7  '^ave 

p  1  1  T   1      1      1  1         ■  11  1     11-  .        ,      off  coming 

irom  the  established  church,  since  the  late  rebellion  in  the  to  church 
north,  the  diligence  of  the  Roman  missionaries  appeared.  *"  *'^^,'l.'*'' 

'  <^  ri  ceseofNor- 

For  many  now  were  wholly  departed  from  the  communion  wich. 
of  the  church,  and  came  no  more  to  hear  divine  service  in 
their  parish  churclies,  nor  received  the  holy  sacrament,  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  the  realm.  This  was  especially  taken 
notice  of  in  the  diocese  of  Norwich.  Whereupon  letters 
were  directed  from  above  to  that  bishop,  shewing  their  dis- 
like thereof,  and  requiring  him  to  make  a  reformation 
therein,  by  putting  in  execution  those  rigours  as  by  his  au- 
thority he  might.  The  bishop  had,  before  this  came  to  his 
hands,  endeavoured  to  set  a  stay  to  this  disorder.  And 
thereupon  had  wrote  to  his  ten  commissaries,  who  were  his 
eyes  (as  he  said)  in  his  bishopric,  to  view  and  take  notice  of 
the  behaviour  of  such  in  his  diocese,  and  to  inform  the  bi- 
shop of  them  that  did  amiss.  But  ever  since  the  rebellion 
they  gave  him  no  answer.  Whereupon,  and  vipon  the  re- 
ceiving of  this  order  from  the  court,  he  despatched  his  let- 
ters to  all  his  said  commissaries ;  which  ran  to  this  tenor : 

"  After  our  hearty  commendations.      I    have   received  The  bishop 
"  letters  from  them  in  authority ;  wherein  it  is  much  mis-  \^  his'^^om- 
*'  liked,  that  in  this  diocese  there  are  divers,  which  neither  missaries. 
"  come  to  their  parish  church  to  hear  divine  service,  or  to  nuper  episc. 
"  receive  the  communion,  as  by  the  laws  of  God  and  the  ^''^"• 
"  realm   they  are   straitly  bounden.      The   fault    whereof 
"  resteth  in  you,  as  the  eye  of  the  bishop  within  your  cir- 
"  cuit ;  unto  whom   I  have  written  ere  this,  that   I  might 
"  be  certified  who  they  were  that  did  not  perform  their  duty 
"  in  that  behalf.     But  thereof  was  I  not  answered,  since  the 
"  rebellion  in  the  north.     These  are  to  require  and  charge 

VOL.  ir.  M 


162      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  you,  tliat  you  use  all  lawful  means  to  understand  of  such 

'         "  persons  so  disobedient  within  your  circuit.    And  the  same 

Anno  1571.  '<  to  Call  before  you  ;  and  either  to  reform  them,  or  to  use 

"  such  punishment  towards  them,  as  in  law  and  right  is  due 

"  to  their  offence,  without  respect  of  persons.     And  if  any 

"  shall  shew  himself  more  wilful,  or  obstinately  disposed, 

"  than  that  you  can  by  your  autliority  reform  them,  1  would 

"  you  should  advertise  me  thereof,  that  I  may  take  order, 

110"  as  shall  appertain.     Herein  requiring  you  to  use  all  dili- 

"  gence  and  fidelity,  I  leave  you  to  God.    At  Ludham,  this 

"  27th  of  December. 

"  Joh.  Norwich." 

Townsend        There  followed  now  a  diligent  search  for  papists  through- 

and  Hare,  i        i  •         i  i  i  -n  i 

in  the  said   out  the  kmgdom  :  and  many  were  taken  up.     Jbor  the  na- 
diocese,  pa-  ^.j^j^  ^y^^  awakened  not  only  by  the  insurrection  in  the  north, 

pists.  . 

but  also  more  lately  by  the  practices  of  the  Scottish  queen 
and  her  friends.  In  the  diocese  of  Norwich  there  were  two 
persons  of  eminence  taken  notice  of,  viz.  Mr.  Townsend  and 
Mr.  Hare.  The  former  with  his  wife  had  before  come  to 
church,  and  -partook  of  the  prayers  and  sacrament ;  but 
more  lately  absented,  and  forbore  both.  But  upon  admo- 
nition he  did  again  resort  to  the  church  ;  but  his  lady  would 
not.  This  caused  the  bishop  to  write  this  careful  letter  to 
him  : 
The  bishop       "  After  my  hearty  commendations.     I  have  been  often 

f  TV  */  » 

wich's'^^et-    "  advertised,  that  you,  and  my  lady  your  wife,  do  absent 
ter  to  Mr.    "  yourselves  from  church,  and  hearing  divine  service,  and 

Townsend.         *,  ..  „,  ^    ,  .  imii 

Epist.Joh.  the  receivmg  or  the  sacrament.  1  nave  hoped  still  that 
ep.Norw.  a  ^^y  favourable  forbearing,  together  with  your  duties  in 
"  this  behalf,  would  have  moved  you  to  have  conformed 
"  yourselves.  And  yet  I  hear,  and  thank  God  for  it,  that  for 
"  your  own  part  you  come  on  very  well,  and  shall  by  God's 
"  grace  increase  daily.  But  touching  my  lady,  I  hear  she 
"  is  wilfully  bent,  and  little  hope  as  yet  of  her  reformation, 
"  to  the  displeasure  of  Almighty  God,  the  breach  of  the 
*'  queen's  majesty's  laws,  my  danger  and  peril  to  suffer  so 
"  long,  and  an  evil  example  and  encouragement  to  many 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  163 

*'  others.     And  because  I  am  sharply  called  upon  by  some    CHAP. 
*'  in  authority  to  see  speedy  reformation  of  such  abuses, '__ 


"  either  else  to  certify  such  disobedience,  that  it  may  be  re- Anno  1571. 

"  formed  elsewhere,  I  have  thought  good  at  this  time  by 

"  my  friendly  letters  to  admonish  you  and  your  wife ;   that 

"  for  her  own  part  chiefly,  she  be  more  diligent  from  hence- 

"  forth  to  come  to  the  church,  to  hear  the  word  of  God, 

*'  and  receive  the  sacrament  according  to  the  right  institu- 

"  tion  of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  to  her  comfort ;  as  she  hath 

"  done  beforetime,  as  I  have  heard,  in  the  time  of  king 

"  Edward,  and  since,  in  the  days  of  queen  Mary  in  popery 

"  and  blindness,  where  that  sacrament  was  abused,  and  yet 

"  the  half  thereof  taken  away  from  the  people ;  and  where 

"  prayers  were  made  in  a  strange  tongue  ;  neither  edifying 

"  to  the  hearer,  nor  to  the  utterer  for  the  most  part. 

"  St.  Austin  saith,  '  Set  apart  the  understanding  of  the 
"  mind,  and  no  m.an  hath  fruit  or  profit  of  the  thing  he  per- 
"  ceiveth  not."  And  again  ;  '  What  profit  is  there  in  speech, 
"  be  it  never  so  perfect,  if  the  understanding  of  the  hearers 
"cannot  attain  to  it.?'  St.  John  saith.  This  is  the  con- 
"  de7nnatio7i  of  the  world,  that  light  is  come  into  the  world, 
"  and  men  love  darkness  more  than  light.  I  could  use 
"  many  authorities  and  ensamples ;  but  at  this  time  I  for- 
"  bear  to  be  tedious.  The  fault  is  great  in  a  subject  to 
"  disobey  the  laws  established,  and  to  give  example  of  dis- 
"  obedience  to  others,  in  keeping  a  form  in  honouring  God 
"  to  his  dishonour,  under  a  vain  colour  of  zeal,  but  con- 
"  trary  to  knowledge. 

*'  My  duty  and  place  of  calling,  together  with  my  con-  111 
"  science  to  Godward,  cannot  suifer  me  to  know  such  dis- 
"  order,  and  to  suiFer  the  same  any  longer.  And  therefore 
"  I  desire  you  both  from  henceforth  to  frequent  the  church, 
"  and  the  receiving  of  the  sacrament,  as  becometh  Chris- 
"  tians :  so  as  I  may  be  certified  forthwith  both  of  the  one 
"  and  the  other  ;  which  I  look  for.  Otherwise,  this  is  most 
"  assured,  I  will  not  fail  to  complain  of  you  both  to  her  ma- 
"  jesty's  council.  Wherewith  neither  of  you  shall  have  just 
"  cause  to  be  offended,  since  you  are  so  friendly  admonished 

M  2 


1G4      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOO  K    "  of  your  faults,  and  have  so  long  a  time  to  amend.     And 
^'         "  thus  I  bid  you  heartily  farewell.     At  Ludham,  this  12th 
Anno  1571.-'  of  February,  1571. 

"  To  Mr.  Torvnescnd  of  Braken  Ashe.'''' 

SirTho.  Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis,  another  backslider  or  recusant, 

comes  to*  "pon  this  method  now  on  foot  against  them,  complied.    But 
ciiurch.       ^Iy.  Hare  before-mentioned  was  more  stubborn.    Where- 
cited  to*^^     upon  he  was  cited  in  the  month  of  February  to  appear  be- 
appear.       fore  the  bishop''s  chancellor.     But  it  being  such  an  unsea- 
sonable time  of  the  year  for  taking  a  journey,  (or  at  least  on 
that  pretence,)  endeavoured  rather  to  come  to  the  bishop. 
And  so  the  said  sir  Tho.  Cornwallis  (who  was  his  relation) 
signified  to  him,  and  entreated  it  as  a  favour  from  him.    But 
the  bishop  thought  convenient  not  to  yield  thereto :  but  ad- 
vised rather,  that  he  should  do  as  sir  Thomas  had  done ; 
and  then  all  further  trouble  would  be  at  an  end.    Otherwise 
he  was  determined  to  certify  up  to  the  council  his  disobedi- 
ence, since  he  had  himself  been  severely  checked  for  his 
negligence  in  this  behalf.     These  were  the  contents  of  his 
letter  to  the  said  Cornwallis ;  which  was  to  this  purport : 
Tlie  bishop       "  That  touching  his  request  for  his  kinsman,  Mr.  Hare, 
his  advice '  "  ^^  ^^^  Same  was  not  altogether  unreasonable,  the  weather 
concerning  '<  considered,  so  could  he  be  persuaded  for  a  week  or  twain 
joh.episc.    "  to  defer  his  repair  to  Mr.  Chancellor.     That  as  for  his 
nuperEhen.  n  coming  before  him,  it  was  but  so  much  the  more  travail, 
"  and  no  whit  the  more  favour  to  be  found.    For  that  since 
"  he  and  such  other,  after  so  long  a  time  to  conform  them- 
*'  selves,  [had  refused,]  why  should  any  such,  said  he,  look 
"  for  favour  from  henceforth  .''  That  his  conscience  toward 
"  God,  his  duty  to  the  queen"'s  majesty,  and  the  sharp  re- 
"  buking  letters  which  he  had  received  from  men  in  autho- 
"  rity,  all  these  bound  him  to  be  more  diligent  herein. 

"  And  that  therefore  he  might  be  advertised,  that  Mr. 
"  Hare  and  all  others  did  frequent  the  church  and  com- 
"  mon  prayers,  with  the  receiving  of  the  sacrament,  as  they 
"  were  most  dutifully  bounden,  then  might  such  spare  to 
"  take  any  journey  to  him.     Otherwise,  that  they  must  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  165 

«  contented  to  feel  of  justice,  without  all  further  favour  or    CHAP. 
"  forbearing.     And  surely,''  added  he,  "  this  is  the  conclu-. 


sion,  that  he  would  not  fail  to  complain  of  all  such  disobe- An°o  i^i. 
"  dient  ones  unto  the  queen's  most  honourable  council,  and 
«  that  without  further  deferring  of  time.     And  that  it  was 
"  high  time,  or  rather  more  than  time ;  the  examples  of 
«  the  late  rebellion  and  traitorous  conspiracies  of  papistry, 
"  even  against  her  majesty's  most  royal  person,  were  most 
«  apparent  witnesses.     Subjoining,  that  his  [sir  Tho.  Corn-  1 12 
«  wallis's]  kinsman  should  do  better  to  follow  his  good  ex- 
"  ample,  in  resorting  to  the  church,  hearing  of  sermons,  and 
"  otherwise  conforming  himself.     So  should  he  procure  to 
"  himself  the  favour  of  God,  and  all  that  be  godly,  and 
«  avoid  the  danger  provided  for  all  that  be  so  wilfully  ob- 
"  stinate.     And  so  he  heartily  left  him  to  the  keeping  of 
«  the  Almighty.    At  Ludham,  the  25th  of  February,  1571. 
"  Subscribing, 

"  Your  assured  loving  friend, 

"  Joh.  Norwich." 

From  the  papists  let  us  turn  to  the  other  party  disaffected  Offence  ^ 
to  the  church  of  England,  and  the  practice  and  worship  used  puritans 
in  it.     About  this  time,  or  thereabout,  Parkhurst,  the  said  Jgl^J^j;"^ 
bishop  of  Norwich,  had  preached  a  sermon ;  (whether  at  his  Norwich's 
cathedral,  or  at  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  or  elsewhere  in  his  dio-'"""'""" 
cese,  is  to  me  uncertain ;)  wherein  he  endeavoured  to  satisfy 
and  bring  over  to  conformity  to  the  church  established  those 
of  the  discipline.     But  instead  of  having  that  good  effect, 
many  of  that  party  that  heard  him  were  offended  ;   and 
taking  exceptions  at  divers  passages  in  that  sermon,  digested 
then-  scruples  and  objections  under  certain  heads  and  ai'ti- in  s^everai 
cles,  and  sent  them  unto  him  by  way  of  letter.    One  was,  j^j^^s;.  joh. 
that  he  having  quoted  a  passage  out  of  the  prophecy  of  Je- nuper  episc. 
remiah,  (viz.  What  is  the  chaff  to  the  wheat  ?  saith  the  Lord, 
Sex.  xxiii.  28.)  persuaded  them  to  be  content  with  the  chaff, 
as  long  as  they  had  the  wheat  with  it.     And  that  seeing  they 
had  the  wheat,  they  should  not  strive  about  the  chaff.    And 
that  those  that  were  not  content  therewith,  were  wanton  and 

M  3 


166       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

t 

BOOK    full,  and  had  not  the  Spirit  of  God.     That  it  was  therefore 
'         the  obligation  of  the  people  to  submit  peaceably  to  them ; 
Auno  1571.  and  added  examples  of  Paul,  circumcising  Timothy,  and  of 
shaving  his  head. 

Another  passage  they  excepted  against  was,  that  alleging 
several  places  of  scripture  foi*  his  purpose,  to  shew,  as  it 
seems,  the  indifFerency  of  the  things  prescribed,  he  had  said, 
he  came  not  to  defend  those  things,  neither  would  he  deceive 
one  child  of  God  for  all  the  good  in  the  world.  But  they 
took  hold  of  this,  and  charged  him  with  great  deceit,  in 
alleging  scriptures  and  examples,  which  seemed  to  make  for 
him,  and  to  omit  such  as  were  dii'ectly  against  him.  Again, 
that  whereas  he  said  in  his  sermon,  that  some  had  been 
offended,  because  in  giving  orders  he  used  to  say.  Receive 
the  Holy  GJwst :  whose  sins  ye  Jbrgive,  &c.  he  proved  it  by 
the  words  used  in  baptism,  and  by  the  words  which  our  Sa- 
viour spake  to  his  disciples  concerning  absolution ;  that  the 
minister  might  say  in  baptism,  /  baptize  thee  in  the  name  of 
the  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost.  Therefore  they  [the  bi- 
shops] might  say  in  giving  orders,  Receive  the  Holy  Ghost: 
and  perceiving  a  man  to  be  truly  penitent  for  his  sins,  the 
minister  may  certify  him,  that  his  iniquities  are  before  the 
face  of  God  in  Jesus  Christ  forgiven  him.  Therefore  bi- 
shops, in  ordering  ministers,  may  say,  Whose  sins  ye  remit, 
they  are  remitted.  Which  they  said  were  slender  proofs. 
1 13  Again,  he  wished,  that  if  he  were  the  cause  of  this  rent  in 
the  church,  he  might  with  Jonas  be  cast  into  the  sea.  But 
they,  in  their  animadversions,  wished  not  so,  but  wished  that 
God  would  stir  him  up  from  his  slackness  in  doing  his  duty, 
as  he  did  Jonas ;  and  that  he  would  move  him  and  the  rest 
of  the  bishops  from  their  offensive  states,  pompous  livings, 
and  lordly  titles. 

Again,  they  carped  at  that  passage  of  the  bishop,  where 
from  1  Cor.  iii.  /  am  of  Paul,  and  I  am  of  Apollos,  Sec. 
he  made  it  applicable  to  such  who  refused  to  follow  the  pre- 
scriptions of  the  church.  They  said,  St.  Paul  there  only 
blamed  those  that  preferred  'one  with  the  dispraise  of  an- 
other ;   they  all  teaching  one   sincere  truth,   without  any 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  167 

Pharisaical  mixture:   and  not   fitly  applied  to  them,  who    CHAP, 
would  not  follow  those  that  coupled  their  own  devices  and 


Antichristian  remnants  with  the  gospel  of  Christ.  Another  Anno  1571. 
expression  excepted  against  by  them  was,  that  the  bishop 
had  said,  As  meat  wasjhr  the  belli/,  and  the  hellyfor  meats, 
yet  God  would  destroy  both ;  even  so  (as  he  went  on)  the 
back  was  for  apparel,  and  apparel  for  the  back,  but  God 
would  destroy  both.  But  they  said,  apparel  was  for  warm- 
ness,  and  not  for  pride  and  superfluity  ;  as  woollen  upon 
linen,  and  linen  upon  woollen,  and  silk  upon  silk,  &c.  The 
bishop  had  said,  that  meat  commendeth  us  7wt  to  God:  and 
that  if  we  eat,  we  were  not  the  zoorse  ;  nor  if  we  eat  not,  were 
we  the  better.  And  this  the  bishop  also  applied  to  apparel. 
But  they  replied,  that  excess  or  pride  in  apparel,  or  delight 
to  wear  strange  apparel,  as  was  the  habit  of  Antichrist,  men 
did  wear  the  same  to  the  hurt  of  their  brother,  and  so  offend 
the  weak,  grieve  the  strong,  encourage  the  obstinate,  con- 
firm the  hypocrite,  and  by  defending  the  same,  make  glad 
the  heart  of  God''s  enemies,  &c.  And  then  further,  they 
added,  apparel  so  used  made  a  man  worse. 

And  whereas  he  had  said.  What  is  white  ?  What  is  black  ? 
What  is  square  ?  What  is  round  ?  They  said  to  this,  that 
if  he  had  but  a  spark  of  that  love  that  St.  Paul  had,  he 
would  have  said  with  him,  he  would  never  wear  white,  black, 
round,  nor  square,  as  long  as  the  world  stood,  that  he  might 
not  offend  his  brother.  He  said,  these  were  trifles,  and  of 
small  importance.  They  asked  him  then,  what  should  move 
him  to  maintain  them  so  stoutly.  Neither  ought  he,  if  they 
were  of  no  more  moment,  to  have  deprived  so  many  from 
their  livings,  thrust  them  into  prisons,  and  stopped  the 
mouths  of  so  many  learned  and  godly  preachers,  as  he  had 
done.  And  whereas,  lastly,  he  had  said,  that  white,  black, 
round,  square,  were  all  but  the  good  creatures  of  God  ;  they 
said,  that  these,  as  they  then  wore  them,  were  not  God's 
creatures,  as  he  created  them,  but  as  Antichrist  had  formed 
them.  From  thence  they  received  both  fashion  and  form ; 
and  so  the  creatures  of  Antichrist.  But  I  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Appendix,  for  the  whole  entire  answer.  Whether  the  N".  Xll. 

M  4 


168      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1571 


A  case  of 
matrimony 
brought  be- 
fore the  bi- 
shop of 
Norwich. 

114 


The  bishop 
writes  to 
certain  ci- 
vilians for 
their  judg- 
ment. MSS. 
Joh. nuper 
ep.  Elien. 


bishop  thought  fit  to  make  reply  to  all  this,  I  cannot  tell. 
Perhaps  he  thought  it  needed  not. 

I  shall  here  subjoin  two  or  three  other  things  relating  to 
this  bishop,  and  this  diocese  of  Norwich. 

A  notable  case  of  matrimony  happened  this  year.  One 
Mr.  Minn  had  married  a  young  gentlewoman,  widow  to  Mr. 
Gray,  a  child  scarcely  twelve  years  old,  and  dying  within  a 
few  days  after  his  marriage  with  her.  The  question  was, 
whether  she  should  by  right  have  a  doAvry,  as  widow  to  the 
said  Gray.  This  case  was  referred  from  the  court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas  at  Westminster  to  the  bishop  of  Norwich,  in 
whose  diocese  the  parties  lived.  He  was  earnestly  solicited 
by  Dr.  Wylson,  one  of  the  masters  of  requests,  and  his 
great  friend,  to  give  it  in  favour  of  Minns.  But  he,  resolv- 
ing to  be  swayed  by  truth  and  right  only,  sent  to  the  Arches, 
to  Dr.  Gibbon,  Dr.  Dale,  and  Dr.  Huick,  three  of  the  leam- 
edest  civilians  there,  for  their  judgment  in  this  matter ; 
writing  to  them  March  4,  to  this  tenor : 

"  After  my  hearty  commendations.  These  are  to  let 
you  vmderstand,  that  I,  being  troubled  with  a  matter  of 
your  skill,  am  desirous,  and  by  reason  of  an  old  acquaint- 
ance, am  bold  therein  to  request  your  judgment.  There 
was  in  my  diocese  a  face  of  matrimony  solemnized  between 
a  couple ;  the  man  (being  not  fully  twelve  years  of  age, 
and  departing  this  life  within  three  or  four  days  after) 
to  the  woman  now  claiming  in  common  law  a  dowry,  by 
reason  of  the  said  marriage.  It  is  replied,  that  none  is 
due ;  quia  nunquam  Jiierunt  leg^itimo  matrimonio  copu- 
lati.  And  her  party  affirming  the  contrary,  hath  pro- 
cured a  writ,  to  me  directed ;  whereby  I  am  willed  to  call 
such  as  are  in  this  case  to  be  called,  to  search  the  truth, 
and  to  certify,  iitrum  Icgitimo  matrimonio  sint  copulati, 
necne.  I  am  persuaded  by  some  learned  both  in  the  com- 
mon and  civil  laws,  that  this  writ,  the  nature  whereof  you 
know  better  than  I,  may  be  satisfied  to  the  benefit  of  the 
woman ;  and  that  certificate  may  be  made  according  to 
the  ecclesiastical  laws,  pai'tes  prcedictas  legitimo  matri- 
monio copulatas  fuissc.     ]\Iy  chancellor  persuading  me 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  169 

"  otherwise.     For  that  the  matter  is  of  some  weight,  and  I    CHAP. 
"  am  willing  to  pleasure  the  gentlewoman  in  this  case,  law 


"and  conscience  not  offended.     I  earnestly  pray  you  to  Anno  1571. 
"  write   unto  me  your   learned  and  conscionable  opinion, 
"  what  I  may  or  ought  to  do,  for  the  satisfying  of  this  writ, 
"  and  the  laws  spiritual  in  that  behalf  provided.     For  the 
"  which  I  shall  remain  to  you  beholden." 

The  answer  the  civilians  gave  to  the  bishop's  letter  was  as 
follows  : 

"  After  our  humble  commendations.  It  may  please  your  Their  an- 
"  lordship  to  be  advertised,  that  immediately  upon  the  re-^^*^*^* 
"  ceipt  of  your  letters  of  the  4th  of  March,  we  have  con- 
"  ference  together,  how  you  might  with  safety  of  conscience 
"  and  estimation  make  your  certificate  in  the  case  pro- 
"  pounded.  And  to  the  intent  we  might  deal  the  more 
*'  substantially  in  the  matter,  we  have  gotten  into  our  hands 
"  a  copy  of  the  writ  unto  you  directed ;  where  it  doth  ap- 
*'  pear  of  certain  faults  and  imperfections  noted  to  be  in 
"  your  former  certificate.  And  considering  the  same  to 
"  stand  in  two  points,  upon  the  word  circiter,  and  upon  the 
"  word  procuraverimt,  we  think  that  your  lordship  may 
"  well  certify  as  you  did  before ;  leaving  out,  for  supplying 
*'  of  the  said  fault  or  imperfection,  the  word  circiter^  making 
*'  the  age  certain.  And  for  procuraverunt,  to  say,  inter  ^^  1 1 5 
"  solemnizaverunt :  and  to  declare  the  fact  as  it  was  in 
"  truth;  leaving  the  judgment  upon  this  declaration  of  the 
"  fact  to  the  court :  which  we  take  to  be  most  agreeable  to 
"  law,  equity,  and  conscience.  For  it  may  be,  (and  so  we 
"  have  been  informed,)  that  the  determination  of  the  com- 
"  mon  law  differeth  in  this  special  case  from  the  law  eccle- 
"  siastical. 

"  For  by  the  law  ecclesiastical  there  was  not  properly 
"  matrimonium  between  the  parties  named  in  the  writ ;  yet 
"  it  hath  been  given  us  to  understand,  that  by  the  common 
*'  law,  in  allowance  of  dowry,  it  is  otherwise.  Therefore, 
*'  to  certify  in  form  as  aforesaid,  it  seemeth  meetest:  for 
"  thereby  no  party  shall  be  prejudiced.  And  the  words  of 
"  the  latter  writ  seems  to  direct  thereunto.  And  thus  being 


170       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  ever  at  your  lordsliip's  commandment,  we  wish    to  the 
'        "  same  long  hfe,  with  the  increase  of  fehcity,  to  God's  ho- 
Anno  1571. "  nour.     From  London,  the  18th  of  March,  1571. 

"  John  Gibbon.    Valen.  Dale.    T.  Huick." 

Then  followed  the  form  of  the  certificate  to  be  sent  from 
the  bishop  to  the  Common  Pleas  court:  viz.  Venerabilihus 
et  egregiis  viris,  Jacobo  Dyer^  militi,  S,-c.  comperimus,  SfC. 
ex  diet,  testimoni'is,  quod  jjt-cediet.  Tho.  Gray,  cetatis  duo- 
decim  annorum,  et  predict.  Elizabethan  aetatis  sexdeeim^  ab 
omni  contractu  matrimoniali,  sive  sponsalitio  liberi  et  im- 
munes,  respective  cxisten.  nee  idlo  alio  impedimcnto  eccle- 
siastico  subsisten.  matrimonium  per  verba  de  presenti  con- 
traxerunt.  Ac  illud  in  Jiacie  ecclesicB  apud  Bacontlio?p.  in 
comit.  Norf.  legitime  inter  se  solempnizarunt. 
other  civi-  But  this  Certificate  was  objected  against,  as  insufficient, 
bishop  a-  ^J  ^^^^^  Other  learned  civilians,  (who  were  engaged  in  the 
bout  the  cause,)  because  it  was  the  bishoirs  part  to  declare,  not  so 
much  the  matter  of  fact,  as  whether  the  matrimony  were 
lawful  or  not :  which  they  asserted  was  not,  because  one  of 
those  years  could  not  legally  give  consent.  And  of  this 
those  civilians  explained  their  opinion  in  another  letter  to 
the  said  bishop  the  month  after:  which  take  also  as  I  found 
it  among  that  bishop's  papers,  with  this  title ; 

A  letter  to  the  bishop  of  Norxcicli,J'rom  Dr.  Yale,  Dr.  Jones, 
Dr.  Harvey,  and  Dr.  Hammond,  concerning  the  contro- 
versy between  Mr.  Nicolas  My  fine  and  Mr.  Gray. 
Theirietter,      "  Our  duties  unto  your  lordship  premised.     Where  our 
the  mar-"    "  opinions  are  required  in   the  case  before  you,   between 

riage  not     a  Mvnne  and  Gray,  both  touching  the  lawfulness  or  vali- 
lawful.  v  i-    1  •  •         1, 

"  dity  or  the  marriage  therein  alleged,  and  also  of  the  na- 

"  ture  and  form  used  by  the  ordinai'ies,  in  certifying  in  the 

"  like  cases  :  wherein,  God  willing,  without  respect,  we  will 

"  lay  down  that  we  think  to  be  true,  discharging  thereby 

"  our  consciences  towards   God,   our  fidelity  towards  our 

"  client,  our  credit  towards  the  world,  and  our  duty  towards 

"  your  lordship ;  of  the  marriage  between  Thomas  Gray 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  171 

"  and  Elizabeth  Drury ;  the  said  Thomas  being  at  the  time    CH  AP. 

"  of  his  marriage  not  past  twelve  years  of  age,  and  depart-  ' 

"  ing  this  world  within  six  days  after  the  same;   we  say,  Anno  1571. 

"  that  we  take  the  law  to  be  plain  in  this  point,  that  the  11 6 

"  said  marriage  can  no  ways  be  called  legitimum  matrimo- 

"  niujti ;  because  it  had  not  legitimum  consensum  on  the 

"  behalf  of  the  said  Thomas  Gray,  being  not  of  lawful  age 

"  to  consent.     Which  legitimus  consensus  can   never  be 

"  given  but  of  him  that  is  legitimcB  cBtatis  for  marriage. 

"  And  your  lordship  knoweth,  that  (Bias  legitima,  in  that 

"  case,  is  in  a  man  fourteen  years  complete,  and  not  under. 

"  And  if  the  said  Thomas  Gray  had  hved  until  his  lawful 

"  ao-e,  yet  without  some  other  special  ratification,  either  by 

'•'  express  declaration  of  his  consent,  or  some  fact  amplify- 

"  ino-  the  same,  the  marriage  could  not  have  been  accounted 

"  lawful. 

"  What  certificate  the  ordinary  should  make  in  this  case 
"  to  the  queen's  writ,  thus  for  our  skill  and  experience  we 
"  take  it :  that  the  ordinary  must  answer  the  writ  and  the 
"  court,  only  to  that  which  is  commanded  to  do  by  the  writ; 
"  and  not  other  matter,  or  other  terms.  For  in  this  case 
"  the  ordinary  hath  only  to  answer  to  the  law,  and  not  the 
"  fact.  For  the  fact  were  triable  by  the  country,  and  not 
*'  by  the  ordinary.  So  that  the  ordinary  must  say,  that  tlie 
"  marriage  is  legitimum  or  not  legitimum.  Other  kind  or 
"  manner  of  certificate,  in  the  hke  case,  we  never  learned, 
"  nor  never  heard  of.  And  if  your  lordship  should  make 
"  other  certificate,  by  declaration  of  any  fact  or  circum- 
"  stance,  leaving  to  express  the  lawfulness  or  unlawfulness 
"  of  the  marriage  by  direct  words,  the  court  may,  at  their 
"  discretion,  amerce  your  lordship  from  time  to  time,  until 
"  you  have  answered  the  writ  directly  by  yea  or  no. 

"  And  forasmuch  as  a  copy  of  a  certificate  sent  unto  your 
"  lordship  by  learned  counsel,  as  to  be  made  by  you  in 
"  this  case,  is  shewed  unto  us  by  our  client,  we  cannot  in 
"  conscience  and  duty  but  discover  to  your  lordship  certain 
"  words,  as  we  take  them,  not  well  nor  plainly  placed  in 
*'  the  said  certificate,  but  covertly,  to  make  white  black,  and 


172      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  black  white.     As  to  say,  nullum  aliud  Impedimentum  ec~ 
'        "  clesiasticum  subsistebaty  when  the  said  certificate  declareth 


Anno  1571."  the  age  of  Thomas  Gray  to  be  not  above  twelve  years, 
"  which  is  impedimentum  ecclesiasticum,  utterly  avoiding 
"  the  marriage ;  and  then  colourably  to  knit  it  up  at  the 
"  end  with  legitimum  inter  se  solempnizarunt.  Which  words 
"  are  multiplices,  and  rather  a  sophism  than  a  plain  report 
"  of  a  truth.  For  if  legitimum  referred  to  the  matrimony, 
"  then  it  was  untrue ;  if  it  be  referred  to  the  act  of  soleni- 
"  nization,  or  to  the  ceremony,  then  it  is  impertinent,  and 
"  answereth  not  the  writ,  as  we  have  afore  said. 

"  Thus,  as  we  trust,  we  neither  abuse  our  duty  towards 
"  your  lordship,  our  client,  nor  ourselves ;  as  knoweth  the 
"  Almighty ;  who  ever  preserve  your  lordship.  From  Lon- 
"  don,  the  13th  of  April,  \B1% 

"  Your  lordship's  to  command, 

"  Tho.  Yale.         Henry  Harvey. 

"  Henry  Johns.    John  Hammond."" 

I  do  not  find  the  proceedings  consequent  hereupon. 
117      This  bishop  shewed  his  care  of  his  diocese  in  respect  of  a 
If  No*'r«ich  living,  called  Wetherden,  in  Suffolk,  now  vacant  for  near 
infornieth    six  months.     The  fault  whereof  he  had  learned  lay  in  a 

concerning  ,        ,  .  ,  •       i  •     i  i        "  i 

asimoniacai^o''^"Pt  patron;  who  kept  It  SO  long  m  his  hand,  to  make 

patron.        the  better  bargain  for  himself  with  him  who  should  get  the 

presentation  from  him ;   that  is,  who  should  bid  most :  he, 

and  such  like  patrons,  never  considering  the  greatness  of 

that  trust  reposed  in  them,  viz.  to  provide  an  able,  godly 

"  person  for  the  guidance  of  a  whole  parish  committed  to  his 

charge ;  nor  regarding  the  people''s  want  of  divine  service, 

preaching,  and  administration  of  the  sacraments,  for  some 

months  together.     Such  a  matter  happened  this  year  in  the 

benefice  aforesaid  remaining  void  from  Easter  last  to  the 

latter  end  of  October;  the  next  advowson   being  granted 

from  sir  Nicolas  Bacon,  lord  keeper,  to  Mr.  John  Bacon, 

his  kinsman.     The  bishop  upon  this  wrote  to  the  said  lord 

Epist.  Joh.  keeper,  to  this  purport;  shewing  him,  "  How  the  people  of 

ep.    oruc.  ^^  ^^^^^  parish  Were  destitute  of  service:  and  that  he  upon 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  173 

"  whom  the  said  benefice  should  be  bestowed  was  like  to    CHAP. 

*'  fall  into  the  danger  of  perjury.     [That  is,  be  guilty  of |j — 

"  simony.]  Of  which  he  knew  (as  he  writ  to  that  lord)  his  Anao  1571. 
"  honour  had  special  care ;  as  might  appear  by  such  articles 
"  as  he  had  appointed  to  be  ministered  to  such  as  entered 
"  any  cure.''  This  was  dated  from  Ludham,  the  25th  of 
October,  1571.  This  was  the  bishop's  seasonable  monition 
to  prevent  this  abuse. 

Simony  was  too  common  in  this  diocese,  occasioned  ^^^^^l^^J^'^"^ 
by  buying  and  selling  advowsons.     Near  about  this  time  ^1,^  ij,shop 
the  bishop  was  concerned  again  about  such  a  matter.     Anof  Nomich 
advowson  of  the  earl  of  Sussex's  patronage  was  passed  toinganad. 
and  fro,  from  one  person  to  another.    This  the  earl  hearing -^vson. 
of,  and  it  looking  like  buying  and  selling,  thought  it  re- 
flected upon  him.     Which  put  him  upon  writing  to  the 
bishop,  declaring  his  mislike  thereof;  and  requiring  him  to 
deal  and  provide  in  that  matter,  as  that  neither  earl  nor 
bishop  might  be  blotted  with  allomng  of  simony. 

To  this  the  said  bishop :  "  That  although  he  did  utterly  Hh^endea- 
"  disallow  all  such  corruption,  too  commonly  used  in  eccle-J^;^";^^^".^ 
"siastical  matters,  and  did  put  in  use  for  the  avoiding  His  aas^ver. 
«  thereof  such  provisions  as  he  could  devise,  and  more  m- 
"  deed  than  his  predecessor  had  done ;    yet  having  used 
"  some  conference  herein  with  such  as  were  doctors  of  the 
"  civil  laws,  and  other  well  learned,  he  understood,  that  the 
"  old  civil  laws  allowed  not  that  buying  and  selling  of  ad- 
«  vowsons.     But  that  took  no  place  in  the  laws  of  this 
"  realm.     By  the  which  all  controversies  about  the  title  of 
«  right  of  patronage  were  ruled  and  decided,  making  pa^ 
"  tronages   merely  temporal ;    and   by  common  use  were 
"  bought  and  sold.     That  it  was  not  therefore  in  his  juris- 
"  diction,  as  he  supposed,  to  examine  every  man's  right 
"  that  presenteth  to  a  benefice.     But  the  presented  per- 
"  forms  an  oath,  that  he  hath  not  procured  his  presentation 
"  by  any  pact  simoniacal,  or  other  means  unlawful.     So  as 
«  his  conveyance  must  be  very  cunning,  and  his  conscience 
«  large,  (as  the  bishop  added,)  except  simony  touch  him,  if 
^  he  have  committed  any." 


174       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        There  was  a  church  allowed  in  the  city  of  Norwich  for 
'        strangers  that  fled   thither  for  religion  from  the  parts    of 
Anno  1571.  Flanders:  which  church  was  supplied  with  three  ministers, 
118  named  Anthonius,  Theophilus,  and  Isbrandus.    These,  fall- 
Contest  a-  jj^p-  jj^  tlicir  sermons  vipon  particular  doctrines  controverted 

niong  the  '^  '■  ' 

ministers  of  among   tliemsclves,   preached  so  earnestly  in  answers   and 
ci'iurch^n    Confutations  one  of  another,  that  the  congregation  was  all 
Norwich,     in  confusion,  and  the  peace  of  the  church  broken.     Where- 
interposes.   upon  the  bishop  interposed,  and  enjoined  them  to  forbear 
that  manner  of  preaching  one  against  another.     But  they 
would  not  obey ;  looking  upon  it  as  an  infringement  of  the 
privileges  of  their  church,  for  any  but  the  members  thereof, 
with  the  ministers,  to  make  any  orders  for  them.     So  that 
at  length  the  business  was  brought  up  to  the  commission 
ecclesiastical  at  Lambeth  ;  and  the  three  ministers  were  all 
silenced,  and  others  put  into  their  rooms.     And  since  they 
were  excluded,  there  was  great  peace  and  concord  in  that 
church.     This  was  some  of  the  news  that  the  said  bishop 
wrote  to  Bullinger,  at  Zuric,  concerning  the  affairs  of  reli-    , 
Life  of        gion  here.     See  more  of  this  matter  in  the  Life  of  Arch- 
Parker.  B.  bishop  Parker.     The  said  bishop  related  in  his  letter  con- 
IV.  ch.  7.      cerning  some  members  of  the  same  church,  that  there  were 
seventeen  of  them,  November  1,  expelled  the  city  for  drunk- 
enness. 


^ 


CHAP.  XIIL 

The  queen's  progress  this  year.  Treaty  tc'ith  France  about 
tJie  match  renezced.  Sylva,  an  Italian  physician,  in  Lon- 
don. The  lord  Burghley''s  troubles,  by  means  of  the  Spa- 
nish ambassador.  Who  cliui-ges  him  before  the  council. 
Falls  sick.  Marries  his  daughter  to  the  earl  of  Oxford. 
Whose  behaviour  creates  great  trotible  to  the  lord  Bu?gh- 
ley.  An  adulterer  brought  before  the  commission  cccle- 
siastical  in  York.    Does  penance  at  Bury  in  Suffollc. 

JN  OW  let  us  turn  to  the  court.  We  shall  find  the  queen 
this  summer  in  her  progress  into  Essex.  The  gcsts  whereof 
were  as  followeth  : 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  175 

Aug.  the  7.  At  Hatfield.  Sept.     At  Hunsdon.        CHAP. 

Sept.  the  2.  At  Aiidley  Inne.  Sept.     At  Theobald's.      ^'"• 


Sept.  the  14 — 17.  At  Markhal.  At  S.  James's.   Anno  1571. 

Sept.  the  18.  At  Lees.  Oct.       At  Richmond.    progr^Ts!"' 

Which   last  place  finished  her  progress.     Soon  after  her  The  queen 
return  to  this  place,  she  was,  October  19,  taken  suddenly  *"'J'^^°'y 
sick  at  her  stomach,  and  as  suddenly  relieved  by  a  vomit. 
And  from  thenceforth,  and  so  in  December,  continued  in  as 
good  a  state  of  health  as  she  had  been  for  many  years ;  as 
the  letters  from  the  court  reported. 

There  were  now,  in  the  beginning  of  October,  endeavours  Treaty  a- 
used  of  bringing  on  again  the  match  between  the  queen  and  match  with 
monsieur,  the  French  king's  brother ;   the  wisest  then  in  the  France  re- 

1       •  •       I       1  1      newed 

court  concluding  it  the  best  (nay  the  only)  course  for  the  again. 
peace  and  safety  of  her  majesty  and  her  dominions,  to  enter  119 
into  a  strict  amity  with  France :  and  some  able  man  was 
thought  most  necessary  now  to  go  thither  in  quality  of  am- 
bassador for  that  purpose:  and  none  M^as  judged  more  suf- 
ficient than  the  lord  Burghley.     And  he  was  the  man  no- LordBurgh- 
minated  (October)  for  this  great  business  of  a  treaty  with  „Yjpj  ""^(, 
France.    But  he  declined  it  all  he  covild  possibly ;  disabling  declines  it. 
himself,  there  being  many  impediments  why  he  could  not 
go  thither ;  but  the  principal  was,  as  he  modestly  said,  be- 
cause he  was  far  unmeet  to  treat  of  any  thing  out  of  Eng- 
land, being,  as  he  was  known,  only  meet  to  speak  as  his 
mother  taught  him ;  as  he  signified  to  Walsingham,  still  in 
France,  but  in  very  ill  state  of  body,  and  retiring  from  that 
court  for  his  cure.    And  so  he  procured  that  his  brother-in- 
law,  Henry  Killigrew,  should  go  in  that  quality,  and  supply 
Walsinghani's  absence,  while  he  was  seeking  remedy  for  his 
malady. 

For  whom  the  said  lord  shewed  his  great  concern,  know-  Syiva,  an 
ing  how  useful  a  man  Walsingham  was.    There  was  now  in  gj^j^n  f^^  ^' 
London  one  Sylva,  an  Italian  physician  of  great  note,  and  London, 
thought  to  be  more  experimented  in  surgery  than  physic. 
The  lord  Grey  of  Wilton  was  his  patient  at  this  time ;  who 
was  afflicted  with  the  like  disease  with  Walsingham,  that 
required  chirurgical  skill  rather  than  medicinal ;  and  seemed 


176       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   to  have  been  cured  or  eased  this  summer  by  Sylva^s  indus- 
^-        try  and  ability.     The  lord  Burghley  advised  Walsingham 
Anno  1571. of  this:  and  desired  him  to  send  him  some  note  or  descrip- 
tion of  his  distemper,  and  therewith  the  method  there  taken 
in  curing  him ;  and  then  he  would  confer  with  Sylva,  and 
advertise  Walsingham  of  his  opinion. 
The  queen       The  queen  was  full  of  thought  about  the  weighty  affair 
upon°the     "^^^  taking  in  hand  with  the  French ;  and  deliberated  whom 
friendsi.ip    g^g  might  depend   upon  as  her  sincere  friends   there,  by 
French  ad-  whose  advicc  and  assistance  she  might  proceed.     And  she 
mirai »"  .i»er  ^^j^^j^^gj  j^.  ^^  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^£  ^l^g  religion  there.    This  was  the 

treaty  with  ^  ^ 

France.       cause  that  she  gave  secret  instructions  to  her  ambassadors 
to  confer  first  with  the  admiral  Coligni,  a  pious  and  Avise 
man  of  the  rehgion,  and  not  to  proceed  without  making  him 
acquainted  with  their  message.     And  that  in  case  the  ad- 
miral were  not  at  the  French  court  w^ien  they  came,  they 
should  appoint  some  trusty  messenger,  fully  intrusted  with 
all  the  proceedings  already  past  in  the  matter,  to  be  sent  to 
him,  and  to  impart  the  same  to  him,  with  demonstration  of 
the  queen's  trust  and  affiance  in  him ;  and  to  give  her  the 
best  and  friendliest  advice :  and  to  let  him  know  upon  what 
points  they  stuck,  [which  was  the  granting  monsieur  the  ex- 
ercise of  the  mass.]    And  that  if  upon  this  they  should  per- 
ceive that  he  seemed  to  be  earnest,  and  to  allow  of  the  mat- 
ter, and  to  have  it  go  forward,  that  it  should  be  told  him, 
that  it  was  the  queen's  desire  that  he  should  be  at  that  court 
when  sir  Thomas  Smith  was  there,  that  he  might  the  bet- 
ter, from  time  to  time,  be  privy  to  their  dealings,  and  her 
determinations  also.  For  that  she  did  mean  freely  and  frank- 
ly to  impart  all  things  to  him  that  should  concern  her  there- 
in ;  not  doubting  but  he  would  have  regard  to  her  majesty's 
honour,  and  especially  to  see  that  she  were  not  abused  or  ill 
1 20  handled  by  sinister  practices  of  some  that  were  great  ene- 
mies to  this  matter.     She  also  opened  this  her  mind  to  an- 
other nobleman  of  France,  count  Montgomery,  a  protestant, 
then  at  the  English  court. 

The  queen's  chief  counsellor,  the  lord   Burghley,  was, 
about  the  month  of  December,  in  great  danger  of  his  life  by 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  177 

some  of  the  Spanish  faction ;  who  had  procured  an  Enghsh-    CHAP, 
man  to  kill  him,  nay,  and  to  kill  the  queen  too.     But  the '__ 


horrible  treachery  was  discovered,  as  hath  been  shewn  be- Anno  1571. 
fore.     Other  ti'oubles  of  this  prime  minister  from  that  fac- Troubles  to 
tion  were,  that  the  Spanish  ambassador,  in  the  month  of  ^J^g^Jy^^g^  ^, 
December,  as  he  had  used  himself  very  crookedly,  perni- tiie  Spanish 
ciously,  and  maliciously  against  the  state,  so  openly  against 
him ;  and  not  forbearing,  but  in  open  council  he  directed 
his  speech  to  him,  and  said,  that  he  had  been  and  was  the 
cause  of  all  the  unkindness  that  had  chanced  between  the 
king  his  master  and  the  queen^'s  majesty.    Whereunto,  as  it 
became  him  for  truth''s  sake,  [as  that  lord  related  the  mat- 
ter himself  in  his  letter  to  Walsingham,]  he  answered  with 
more  modest  terms  than  he  deserved,  and  referred  himself 
to  all  the  lords  in  council,  to  report  of  him,  whether  any 
thing  had  been  said  or  done  of  him  from  the  beginning  of 
these  broils,  concerning  him  or  his  master,  or  the  arrest,  that 
had  not  been  ordered  and  directed  by  her  majesty  in  coun- 
cil.   All  which  all  the  lords  did  then  affirm.    And  the  earl 
of  Sussex,  in  the  Italian  tongue,  did  very  plainly  and  very  . 
earnestly  confirm  it.    But  yet  that  Spaniard's  choler  would 
not  be  so  tempered :  and  so  he  was  dismissed.     And  Mr. 
Knolls  was  appointed  to  attend  on  him  at  his  house,  [as 
though  under  some  restraint ;]  and  so  he  departed  the  king- 
dom, being  (as  it  seems)  sent  away. 

Of  this  matter,  thus  did  Parkhurst,  bishop  of  Norwich,  That  am- 
write  to  BuUinger,  by  way  of  news,  about  the  middle  of  coSmtllded 
December.    "  A  Spanish  ambassador  carried  himself  so  pe-^^  depart 
"  remptorily  and  indiscreetly,  and  was  such  a  spv,  instead 
"  of  ambassador,  that  he  was  commanded  within  three  days 
"  to  depart  the  realm,  upon  pain  to  have  his  head  cut  off. 
"  But  whether  this  were  true  or  no,  he  could  not  tell,  as  he 
"  added.    But  true  it  was  that  he  was  gone." 

Besides  these  troubles  from  without,  the  lord  Burghley  Lord  Burgh- 
was  in  the  next  month  oppressed  with  several  fits  of  a  fever,  feve^r^'^  "^  * 
But  yet,  such  was  his  concern  for  the  public,  that  he  said, 
that  fear  occupied  him  more  in  the  queen's  cause,  [that  is, 
about  her  marriage  with  monsieur,]  seeing  God  had  suffered 

VOL.  II.  N 


178       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    her  to  lose  so  much  thiie,  than  for  the  next  fit.    And  yet  (as 
.he  added)  that  he  liad  more  cause  tlian  beforctime.     For 


Anno  1571.  that  it  came  of  a  great  cold,  and  a  rheum  fallen  into  his 
lungs ;  where  it  was  lodged,  and  so  remained  without  mov- 
ing.   But  in  respect  of  other  things,  which  I  see  and  suffer, 
(said  he,  as  anxiously  careful  for  the  public,)  I  weigh  not 
with  mine  own  carcass. 
LordBurgh-      This  lord,  in  the  Christmas  holydays,  married  his  beloved 
his  daii'^h-  daughter,  Anne  Cecil,  to  Edward  earl  of  Oxford ;  to  his 
ter  to  the    present  (but  not  future)  joy,  and  made  great  feastings  with 
ford.  his  friends.     The  queen  honoured  the  marriage  with  her 

presence  and  great  favour.     She  was  a  most  virtuous  lady, 
bred  up  at  court,  and  instructed  in  good  literature  by  one 
Lewin,  afterwards  a  learned  doctor  of  the  civil  law ;  who, 
121  in  a  letter  to  the  lord  her  father,  speaks  of  her  ingenii  et 
naturcB  hon'itas ;  i.  e.  goodness  of  wit  and  nature,  derived 
from  Mm  her  father.     She  had  been  desired  in  marriage 
before  this  by  sir  Henry  Sidney,  for  his  only  son,  that  most 
accomplished  man,  sir  Philip  Sidney ;   and  afterwards  by 
the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  for  his  son :  which,  for  some  reasons 
shewed  before,  was  declined.     The  earl  of  Oxford  was  bred 
up  in  Burghley's  family  ;  but  proved  an  humourist,  and  un- 
kind, and  a  great  embeciller  of  his  estate.     And  not  long 
after  his  marriage,  absented  himself  from  his  wife,  and  went 
over  to  Calais,  and  so  to  Flanders,  without  leave  or  know- 
ledge of  the  queen. 
That  earl         But  the  quecu,  displeased  at  his  absence,  and  doubting 
broad  \\-ith-  whether  his  purpose  was  to  join  himself  with  her  rebels,  sent 
out  leave,    for  him  forthwith  into  England :  to  which  he  sent  word  he 
home.         would   obey.     Upon  which   the  queen  was  graciously  in- 
clined towards  him ;  whose  peace,  by  the  lord  Burghley's 
means,  was  the  more  easily  and  speedily  made.     For  that 
she  conceived  that  his  obedience  in  his  return  had  fully  satis- 
fied the  contempt  of  his  departure :  and  the  rather,  through 
his  honourable  and  dutiful  carriage  of  himself  in  respect  of 
those  rebels  and  other  undutiful  subjects  in  that  country. 
Which  was  an  argument  of  his  approved  loyalty :  as  the 
lord  Burghley  himself  related  to  a  friend  of  his. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  179 

It  is  necessary  here  to  vindicate  the  lord  Burghley  from    CHAP, 
an  imputation  given  out  in  some  of  our  later  historians  con-     ^^^^' 


cerning  him;  viz.  that  the  reason  of  the  extravagances  of  Anno  1571. 
this  earl,  and  his  squandering  away  of  his  patrimony,  was  a  ^  surmised 
distaste  taken  against  his  father-in-law,  for  refusing,  when  it  that  earl's 
lay  in  his  power,  to  save  the  life  of  his  beloved  and  entire  fa'iseiy atui- 
friend,  the  duke  of  Norfolk,  condemned  for  dealings  with  h"ted  to 
the  Scottish  queen.     And  this  story  is  taken  up  in  a  book  ley,       " 
not  long  ago  printed ;  and  from  thence  in  the  book  called 
The  Baronage  of  England.    Whereas  this  is  a  surmise  and  Athen.  Ox- 
imagination,  borrowed  from  the  papists ;  as  smelling  of  their  -27.  ^'' '  '' 
malice  to  blur  the  memory  of  that  excellent  wise  statesman. 
They  that  know  any  thing  of  those  matters,  know  that  that 
lord  did  whatever  he  could  to  bring  that  duke  into  favour: 
and  did  it ;  till  again  imprudently  meddling  in  that  affair, 
the  treason  being  so  apparent,  he  was  condemned  by  his 
peers.     And  the  queen  would  not  pardon,  since  her  own 
crown  and  life  was  in  such  hazard  thereby. 

The  earPs  disobliging  carriage,  and  his  wild  way  of  liv-  Afflicted  for 
ing,  was  a  great  affliction  to  the  lord  Burghley,  his  father-  beha^vTour, 
in-law,  who  had  deserved  so  very  well  of  him.     On  which  Smith's  let- 
occasion,  sir  Thomas  Smith,  the  secretary,  his  friend,  in  the  upon. 
year  1576,  wrote  thus  to  him :  "  That  he  was  sorry  to  hear 
"  of  the  undutiful  and  unkind  dealing  of  the  earl  of  Oxford 
"  towards  his  lordship,  which  he  was  sure  must  very  much 
"  grieve  his  honour,  since  he  had  such  a  love  towards  him 
"  from  his  childhood,  being  brought  up  in  his  house.    That 
"  his  lordship's  benefits  towards  him,  and  great  care  for  him, 
"  deserved  a  far  other  recompence  of  duty  and  kindness." 
And  he  charged  this  evil  upon  his  counsellors  and  per- 
suaders, whosoever  they  were.     And  concluded  with  this 
sound  advice ;  sed  h(E  sunt  procellce  domesticcB  sola  pritdentia 
susiinendcB. 

To  which  I  will  add,  what  the  said  lord  Burghley,  divers  122 
years  afterwards,  (the  earl  still  followino;  his  old  prodigal  ^°','^^."''f.''- 

*'  IT  ro       ley's  vindi- 

courses,  and  discontented  for  want  of  places  and  preferment,  cation  of 
the  fault  whereof  he  laid  upon  his  father-in-law,)  told  him,  Ji'^'eari.*** 
in  his  own  vindication,  (when  the  earl,  in  a  letter,  had  used 

n2 


180       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   these  plain  words  to  him,  That  he  found  himself  but  little 
strengthened  in  estate  hy  hini^  and  nothing  in  friendship,) 


Anno  1571. that  he  took  it  very  ill  at  his  hand,  being  unjustly  charged 
by  hiin,  as  having  (as  he  replied)  often  propounded  ways  to 
prefer  him  to  services,  though  his  motions  took  not  place, 
but  were  hindered.    And  for  this  he  appealed  to  the  queen's 
counsellors  to  bear  him  witness.     Though,  as  he  added,  he 
thought  not  fit  to  name  the  hinderers,  or  to  offend  him,  in 
shewing  the  allegations  to  impeach  his  lordship  of  those  pre- 
ferments.    And  then  further,  he  avowed  of  his  faith  before 
God,  that  at  all  times,  when  occasion  served,  he  had  him  in 
remembrance  to  be  used  in  honourable  service.     And  to 
clear  himself  from  a  report  that  one  Wotton  had  made  of 
him,  as  though  he  had  used  speeches  in  council  to  the  earl's 
disgrace,  he  was  so  stirred  at  this,  that  he  tells  the  earl  that 
he  affirmed,  that  he  lied  that  so  reported ;  and  that  he  was 
sorry  that  his  lordship  should  put  him  in  a  balance  of  credit 
against  him. 
Two  living       I  meet  this  year  with  an  exemplary  piece  of  justice  exe- 
]".j|j,"ijj'^^g.  cuted  by  the  ecclesiastical  commissioners  at  York,  upon  a 
fore  the       wicked  adulterer  and  adulteress :  he,  one  Ambrose  Stone, 
sioii  eccie-  of  St.  Edmund' s-Bury,  in  Suffolk,  and  she,  the  wife  of  one 
siasticai.      Page,  of  Horniuger ;   Grindal  being  then  archbishop,  and 
Dr.  Hutton  dean  of  the  cathedral.     It  was  plotted  between 
these  two  sinners,  that  she  should  get  leave  to  go  away  for 
some  time  from  her  husband,  and  to  repair  to  her  friends  at 
London,  or  elsewhere,  upon  pretence  to  gather  money  among 
them,  to  answer  a  loss  of  lOZ.  that  her  husband  had  sustained 
by  some  default  of  hers ;  which  it  is  likely  she  had  embezzled 
or  stolen ;  and  then,  to  pacify  him,  offered  to  go  abroad  to 
her  friends,  to  beg  of  them  to  make  it  up.     And  that  she 
might  pass  up  and  down  where  she  pleased  with  the  more 
liberty,  it  was  so  contrived,  that  she  should  get  a  certificate 
or  testimonial  under  her  husband's  hand,  of  leave  and  con- 
sent to  depart  from  him  ;  which  ran  to  this  tenor: 
By  a  deceit       "  All  men  shall  know  by  these  presents,  that  John  Page, 
she  gets  her  a  ^f  Horninger,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  yeoman,  one  of 

consent  to   "  tlie  qucen's  majesty's  servants,   for   divers   and  sundry 
depart. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  181 

"•  causes  especially  me  moving,  have  licensed  one  Katharine    CHAP. 
"  Page,  my  wife,  to  repair  over  to  her  friends  in  London, 


"  or  elsewhere,  for  so  long  a  time  as  she  shall  think  good,  Anno  1571. 

"  and  to  demand  their  gentle  good  wills  for  a  certain  loss  of 

"  10/.  which  the  said  Katharine  did  negligently  lose ;  and 

"  with  her  friends  there  to  remain  as  long  as  she  shall  think 

"  good.    And  for  that  no  man  shall  hinder  her  in  her  jour- 

"  ney  and  travail,  I  have  caused  this  bill  of  testimonial  to 

"  be  made ;  and  do  all  men  to  understand  that  she  departed 

"  with  my  good  will ;  and  this  bill  of  testimonial  to  be  her 

"  discharge  :  willing  all  justices,  mayors,  baihiFs,  and  con- 

"  stables,  that  she  may  quietly  pass.     And  also  I  have 

"  given  her  in  purse  40*.  and  a  gelding,  to  travail  withal. 

"  In  witness  of  this  truth,  I  have  caused  this  bill  to  be  123 

"  made,  August  27,  in  the  13th  year  of  the  reign  of  our  so- 

"  vereign  lady  the  queen,'"  &c. 

And  so  by  this  deceitful  trick  invented  by  Stone,  Page  The  eom- 
allowed  his  wife  to  depart,  and  supphed  her  to  bear  her  {f^'^'y^""^;^ 
charges.     Then  did  these  two  wander  about,  even  as  far  as  f°  ^^pp'j^5^ 
York.    Where  after  some  months  they  were  taken  up,  and  bishop. 
brought  before  the  archbishop  and  the  commission,  and  im- 
prisoned.    And  at  length  he  gave  bonc|  to  appear  before  his 
diocesan,  the  bishop  of  Norwich,  there  to  bear  due  punish- 
ment to  be  inflicted  on  him  for  his  crime,  and  obtained  one 
in  those  parts  to  be  his  bail  for  appearance. 

The  condition  of  which  bond  was,  "  That  if  the  above 
*'  bounden  Ambrose  Stone  do  present  himself,  and  person- ' 
"  ally  appear,  as  well  before  the  reverend  father  in  God, 
"  the  bishop  of  Norwich,  as  also  before  two  or  three  at  least 
"  of  the  justices  of  peace  of  the  said  county  of  Suffolk ;  and 
"  before  them  do  confess  and  acknowledge  his  fault,  in  using 
"  unlawful  company  with  Katharine  Page,  the  wife  of  John 
"  Page ;  submitting  himself  to  their  order  and  correction, 
«'  and  well  and  truly  in  every  behalf  perform,  do,  fulfil,  and 
"  keep  such  punishment  and  order,  as  they  or  any  of  them 
"  shall  enjoin  or  assign  unto  him  ;  if  also  he  doth  from  hence- 
"  forth  utterly  abstain  from  the  company  of  the  said  Ka- 

N  3 


182       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  tharine,  with  whom  he  hath  hved  in  adultery  in  all  places, 
^-  "  wheresoever,  except  in  church  and  market,  and  other  open 
Anuo  J57I."  and  used  places,  in  the  daytime,  between  sun  and  sun, 
"  and  that  in  the  presence  of  other  honest  persons  without 
"  all  suspicion :  and  if  he  do  bring  true  certificate  under 
*'  the  hands  and  seals  of  the  bishop  of  Norwich,  and  two  of 
"  the  justices  of  the  peace  aforesaid,  to  the  city  of  York, 
"  the  3d  day  of  March  next  coming,  of  his  appearance  be- 
"  fore  the  said  bishop  and  justices,  and  of  their  full  pro- 
"  ceedings  or  orders  taken  with  him  ;  and  that  day  exhibit 
"  the  same  certificate  to  the  most  reverend  father  in  God, 
"  Edmond,  by  the  permission  of  God,  archbishop  of  York, 
"  primate  of  England,  and  metropolitan,  and  other  his  asso- 
*'  ciates,  the  queen's  majesty ""s  commissioners  for  causes  ec- 
"  clesiastical  within  the  province  of  York,  or  three  of  them  ; 
*'  and  also  content,  pay,  or  cause  to  be  contented  and  paid 
"  unto  John  INIudd,  servant  to  Mr.  John  Eynns,  esq.  to  the 
"  use  of  the  said  John  Page,  the  sum  of  SI.  of  lawful  Eng- 
*'  lish  money,  in  full  payment  of  51.  due  to  the  said  John 
"  Page,  on  this  side  and  before  the  feast  of  the  Epiphany 
*'  of  our  Lord  next  coming  ;  that  then,"  &c. 

Cupta  ct  recognita  coram  venerab'ilibus  viris,  magist. 
Matt.  Hiitton.,  D.  D.  dean  of  the  cathedral  church  of 
YorJc,  Tho.  Eynns,  and  Tho.  Bomtcm,  esqrs.  com- 
missw7ie7'S  Jhr  causes  ecclesiastical,  within  the  pro- 
vince of  YorTi. 
He  (Iocs  Stone  did  accordingly  deliver  this  writing  to  the  bishop 

penance,  ^f  Norwich,  November  28,  1571.  And  penance  was  ac- 
cordingly enjoined  liim  for  his  sin  by  the  bishop''s  com- 
missary, Mr.  Brome :  which  was,  to  do  his  penance  in  Bury 
church,  and  also  at  Horninger.  And  also  on  the  10th  of 
February  following,  he  was  adjudged  by  the  said  commis- 
sary to  stand  in  the  market  the  whole  time  of  the  market. 
1 24  I*' or  some  remission  of  this,  INIr.  Ambrose  Jermyn,  a  gentle- 
man in  those  parts,  and  probably  related  to  this  Stone, 
bearing  his  name,  a\  rote  to  the  commissary,  that  since  he 
had  so  gently  used  himself  as  he  had  done,  his  trust  was. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  183 

that  he  would  remit  a  great  part  of  that  penance  for  that    ^^j^j^' 
clay.     After  all  this,  Page  intended  to  have  the  good  abear- 


1  .  Anno  1571. 

ms  against  hini. 


CHAP.  XIV. 

A  new  parliament.  The  lord  Jceeper''s  directions  to  them  Aimoibi '2. 
from  the  queen  ;  particidarly  relating  to  the  doctrine  and 
discipline  of  the  church.  Bills  for  rites  and  ceremonies 
brought  in ;  which  gives  the  queen  offence.  Her  message 
theretipon.  Severely  reflected  tipon  hy  one  of  the  mem- 
bers, VIZ.  Peter  Wentzvorth :  for  which  he  is  sequestered. 
The  parliament  earnest  upon  a  bill  against  the  Scottish 
queen.  Dashed  by  the  queen.  Dul-e  of  Norfolk :  his 
virtues  :  his  fall.  The  practices  of  the  Scottish  queen. 
The  parliament's  proceedings  against  her.  The  queerts 
directions  to  them  in  that  matter. 

A   NEW  parhament  the  next  year  (viz.  1572,  13  Ellz.  A  pariia- 
May  the  8th)  began.     And  herein  the  lord  keeper  made  a  "*;"  j;^^ 
long  speech  by  the  queen's  commandment,   directing  the  keeper's^ 
houses  with  affairs  to  enter  upon.     And  they  were  of  two  the  houses, 
sorts,  viz.  matters  of  religion  and  matters  of  policy.     Under 
the  matters  of  religion  (which  he  called  GocVs  cause)  he  re- 
commended to  them  both  doctrme  and  discipline.  Under  the 
head  of  doctrine,  he  directed  them  to  have  an  inspection  on  concerning 
the  ministry  ;  namely,  for  the  providing  that  the  ministers 
of   God's  law  and   doctrine   should  preach   and  teach,   as 
purely  and  reverently,  so  with  diligence  and  application; 
and  that  all  officers,  having  spiritual  as  well  as  temporal 
government,  should  be  preserved  in  credit  and  estimation : 
because  many  of  the  laity  did  not  give  that  esteem  and 
countenance  unto  the  ministers  of  God's  doctrine,  as  they 
ought  of  right  to  have.     And  further,  that  in  respect  of  the 
want  of  ministers  at  that  time,  and  the  insufficiency  of  many 
of  them,  he  exhorted  that  bishops  should  do  in  this  scarcity 
of  fit  men  what  could  possibly  be  done  in  that  behalf;  and 

N  4 


184       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    that  with  what  diligence  and  speed  and  care  they  could. 
^'        And  further,  that  ministers  that  shewed  any  strange  doc- 


Anno  i572.trines  contrary,  or  varying  from  that  which  by  common 
consent  of  the  realm  was  published,  be  sharply  and  speedily 
reformed.  Thus  much  said  the  lord  keeper  for  doctrine. 
But  not  a  word,  suggested  to  the  parliament,  to  examine 
and  look  into  or  determine  any  particular  matters  of  faith 
and  the  doctrines  of  religion. 
125  Then  he  proceeded  to  dtsctpline,  directing  them  to  take 
^^^^^^^  care  of  that ;  namely,  that  where  laws  were  imperfect  for 
bout  dis-  the  countenance  of  religion,  and  sundry  ordinances  made  for 
cip  ine.  ^1^^^  purpose  were  disused,  or  otherwise  had  not  their  force, 
or  where  the  laws  remained,  but  for  their  softness  few  made 
account  of,  that  the  parliament  would  consider  well  for  the 
regulation  of  both.  And  like^vise  in  regard  of  the  sloth- 
fulness  and  corruption,  or  fearfulness  of  ecclesiastical  mi- 
nisters and  officers,  in  the  due  execution  of  those  laws  that 
were  good,  to  provide  for  the  due  execution  of  them  :  that 
so  men  might  not  live  dissolutely  and  licentiously,  as  they 
listed.  Another  point  of  discipline  to  be  regulated  by  the 
parliament  was,  the  better  keeping  and  better  esteeming  of 
the  laudable  rites  and  ceremonies  of  the  church,  or  pertain- 
ing to  the  ministers  of  the  same,  agreed  upon  by  common 
consent;  the  very  ornaments  of  our  religion,  as  the  said 
lord  keeper  called  them :  mentioning  also  under  this  head 
the  great  neglect  in  the  country,  universally,  of  coming  to 
common  prayer  and  divine  service. 

Now  for  the  remedying  of  this,  besides  the  good  examples 
of  the  chief  personages  both  in  town  and  country,  he  parti- 
cularly left  it  to  the  bishops,  that  they  should  divide  their 
dioceses  into  deaneries,  [meaning,  I  suppose,  those  called 
rural  deaneries,^  and  committing  these  deaneries  to  men 
well  chosen,  and  the  keeping  of  certain  ordinary  courts  at 
prescript  times,  for  the  well  executing  the  said  laws  of  dis- 
cipline. 

And  because  the  proceeding  in  matters  of  discipline  and 
doctrine  chiefly  concerned  the  lords  the  bishops,  both  for 
their  understanding  and  ecclesiastical  function  ;  therefore  he 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  185 

added,  that  the  queen  looked,  that  they,  being  called  toge-  CHAP. 
ther  in  parliament,  should  take  the  chief  care  to  confer  and      ^^^- 
consult  of  these  matters.     And  that  if  in  their  conference  Anno  1 672. 
they  found  it  behooveful  to  have  any  temporal  acts  made  for 
the  amending  or  reforming  of  any  of  these  lacks,  then  they 
should  exhibit  them  in  parliament  to  be  considered  upon. 
And  so  gladius  gladium  Juvabit,  as  beforetime  had  been 
used. 

May  the  19th,  a  bill  for  rites  and  ceremonies  was  read  Bill  for  rites 
the  second  time,  and  on  the  next  day  read  the  third  time,  nks.'^^'^^™"' 
and  referred  (with  another  of  the  same  nature)  to  be  con-^'Ewes* 
sidered  by  Mr.  Treasurer,  sir  Tho,  Scot,  Mr.  Attorney  of  p.  207. ' 
the  Duchy,   and  others,   saith    the  Journal.     [Mr.  Peter 
Wentworth,  I  think,  one  of  them,  of  whom  more  by  and 
by.]     This  seemed  to  be  a  bill  for  calling  into  examination 
such  rites  and  ceremonies  as  were  established  in  this  church, 
and  used  in  the  public  service  of  God.     This  bill  gave  such 
offence  to  the  queen,  that  two  days  after,  [viz.  May  22,]  the  The  queen's 
speaker  declared  from  her  majesty  unto  the  house,  that  her  theTousr 
pleasure  was,  that  from  henceforth  no  bills  concerning  reli-  hereupon, 
gion  should  be  preferred  or  received  into  the  house,  unless 
the  same  should  be  first  considered  and  liked  by  the  clergy, 
[i.  e.  in  convocation.]     And  further,  that  it  was  her  ma- 
jesty''s  pleasure  to  see  the  two  last  bills  read  in  the  house^ 
touching  rites  and  ceremonies.    Whereupon  it  was  ordered 
by  the  house,  that  the  same  bills  should  be  delivered  unto 
her  by  all  the  privy  council  that  were  in  the  house,  viz.  Mr. 
Heneage,  Dr.  Wylson,  &c.  or  by  any  four  of  them. 

The  next  day,  being  May  the  23d,  Mr.  Treasurer  re- 126 
ported  to  the  house  the  delivery  of  the  said  two  bills  to  her  Reported, 
majesty ;  together  with  the  humble  request  of  that  house, 
most  humbly  to  beseech  her  highness  not  to  conceive  ill  opi- 
nion of  that  house,  if  it  so  happened  that  her  majesty  should 
not  like  well  of  those  bills,  or  of  the  parties  that  preferred 
them.  He  reported  further,  that  her  majesty  seemed  ut- 
terly to  dislike  of  the  first  bill,  and  of  him  that  brought  the 
same  into  the  house.    And  that  her  express  will  and  pleasure 


186       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOO  K  was,  that  no  preacher  or  minister  should  be  impeached  or 
•        indicted,  or  otherwise  molested  or  troubled,  as  the  preamble 
Aiiaoi572.of  the  Said  bill  did  purport;  yet  adding  these  comfortable 
words  further,  "  that  she,  as  the  defender  of  the  faith,  would 
"  aid  and  maintain  all  good  protestants,  to  the  discouraging 
"  of  all  papists." 
Went-  The  next  sessions,  after  divers  prorogations,  was  on  Wed- 

worth's  uii-  nesdav  the  8th  of  February,  1575 ;  begun  18  Eliz.  (that  I 
speech;  he  may  bruig  these  matters  together;)  when  I'eter  Wentworth, 
IS  s*|q"|^*-     esq.  one  of  the  burgesses  of  Tregony,  in  Cornwall,  for  irre- 
house.         verent  and  undutiful  words  uttered  by  him  in  the  house 
concerning   the   queen,   was   sequestered,   that   the   house 
might  proceed  to  conference  and  consideration  of  his  speech. 
D'Ewes'      The  speech  is  set  down  by  D'Ewes,  transcribed  by  him  out 
jouni.  I),     ^f  g^  copy  he  had  by  him.     Towards  the  beginning  whereof 
he  saith  expressly,  that  he  was  never  of  any  parliament  be- 
fore the  last,  and  the  last  sessions  of  it :  which  must  be  this 
of  the  13th  of  the  queen ;  wherein  she  checked  those  that 
brought  in  the  bills  about  the  rites  and  ceremonies,  as  was 
Tiie  sum  of  shewn  before.     In  his  speech  he  spake  of  the  liberty  of  free 
his  speech,  gp^g^h,  that  was  so  many  ways  infringed,  and  of  the  many 
abuses  offered  to  that  honourable  council,  [reflecting  upon 
what  the  queen  had  done  the  last  sessions,  viz.  this  in  1572,] 
as  it  grieved  him,  he  said,  of  very  conscience  and  love  to  his 
prince  and  country.     And  (to  manifest  what  he  drove  at  in 
his  dissatisfaction  about  the  liberty  of  speech,  and  that  it 
was  indeed  the  message  she  sent  by  the  speaker,  for  no  bills 
of  religion  to  be  preferred  or  received  in  tlie  house,  unless 
they  were  first  considered  and  approved  by  the  clergy,)  thus 
he  spake ;  "  That  two  things  did  great  hurt  in  that  place : 
"  the  one,  a  rumour  which  ran  about  the  house ;  and  this  it 
"  was.  Take  heed  what  you  do ;  the  queen  liketh  not  such 
"  a  matter :  whosoever  preferreth  it,  she  will  be  offended 
"  with  him.     And  the  other,  that  sometime  a  message  was 
"  brought  to  the  house  of  commons,  either  commanding  or 
"  inhibiting,  &c.     And  he  told  Mr.  Speaker,  that  he  would 
"  to  God  both  these  were  buried  in  hell.     He  meant,  as  he 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  187 

**  explained  himself,  rumours  and  messages:  for  wicked  un-   CHAP, 
"  doubtedly  they  were,  and  the  Devil  the  first  author  of     ^^^' 


**  them.""  Anno  1 572. 

And  by  what  followed,  it  evidently  appeared  it  was  his 
offence  taken  at  the  queen  for  stopping  the  bill  for  rites  and 
ceremonies,  which  the  hot  puritans  were  the  great  managers 
of,  for  the  overthrowing  of  the  established  constitution  of 
the  church,  viz.  the  liturgy  and  orders  of  it ;  and  also  such 
of  the  Thirty-nine  Articles  which  they  thought  most  touched 
them.  For  in  the  process  of  his  discourse  he  gave  his  rea- 
sons to  prove  these  rumours  and  messages  wicked.  "  Be- 
"  cause  (said  he)  if  they  of  the  house  were  in  hand  with  any 
*'  thing  for  the  advancement  of  God"'s  glory,  [as  the  puritans  1 2/ 
"  usually  called  their  labours,  to  overthrow  the  matters  ec- 
"  clesiastical  which  they  disliked,]  were  it  not  wicked,  said 
"  he,  to  say.  The  queen  liketh  not  of  it ;  or  commandeth 
"  that  we  should  not  deal  in  it  ?  Greatly  were  these  speeches 
"  to  her  majesty's  dishonour.  Much  more  wicked  and  un- 
"  natural  were  it,  that  her  majesty  should  like  or  command 
"  any  thing  against  God,  or  hurt  to  herself  and  the  state. 
"  That  it  was  dangerous  always  to  follow  a  prince's  mind. 
"  Many  times  it  might  fall  out,  that  a  prince  might  favour 
"  a  cause  perilous  to  himself  and  the  whole  state." 

Then  after,  to  put  all  out  of  doubt  that  he  referred  to 
the  session  in  the  year  1572,  he  makes  mention  of  the  mes- 
sage that  Mr.  Speaker  brought  that  last  sessions  into  the 
house,  viz.  that  they  should  not  deal  in  any  matter  of  reli- 
gion, but  first  to  receive  it  from  the  bishops.     On  which  he 
makes  this  severe  reflection;   "  Surely  this  was  a  doleful  charges  the 
*'  message.    For  it  was  as  much  as  to  say.  Sirs,  ye  shall  not  ^"qj^j.^" 
*'  deal  in  God's  causes ;  no,  ye  shall  in  no  wise  seek  to  ad-  God's  glory. 
*'  vance  his  glory.     [This  was  freedom  of  speech  indeed.] 
"  I  assure  you,  Mr.  Speaker,  there  were  divers  of  this  house 
"  that  said  with  grieved  hearts,  immediately  upon  the  mes- 
"  sage,  that  God  of  his  mercy  could  not  prosper  the  session. 
*'  Well,  God,  even  the  great  and  mighty  God,  &c.  was  the 
"  last  session  shut  out  of  doors.     But  what  fell  out  of  it  ? 
"  Forsooth,  his  great  indignation  was  therefore  poured  out 


188       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  upon  this  house:  for  he  put  into  the  queen's  majesty's 
"  heart  to  refuse  good  and  wholesome  laws  for  her  own  pre- 


Anno  1572.  "  scrvation.  Which  caused  many  faithful  hearts  for  grief  to 
"  burst  out  with  sorrowful  tears ;  and  moved  all  papist 
"  traitors,  &c.  who  envy  good  Christian  princes,  to  laugh 
"  (in  their  sleeves)  all  the  whole  parliament  house  to  scorn.'" 

He  proceeded  in  this  manner ;  "  So  certain  it  was,  that 
"  none  was  without  fault ;  no,  not  our  noble  queen :  sith 
"  then  her  majesty  had  committed  great  fault,  yea,  danger- 
"  ous  faults  to  herself."  That  fault  was,  that  she  would 
not  yield  to  the  trial,  much  less  execution  of  Mary  queen  of 
Scots,  her  prisoner ;  which  in  this  same  session  they  were 
very  busy  about.  He  went  on  freely  and  confidently  charg- 
ing the  queen  of  dealing  unkindly,  and  abusing  her  nobility 
and  people,  and  opposing  and  bending  herself  against  them 
in  the  last  parliament.  And  by  divers  questions  making 
and  representing  the  queen  as  not  as  good  as  her  word  to 
them,  and  leaving  them  open  to  their  enemies.  Then  he 
asketh,  "  Is  this  a  just  recompence  in  our  Christian  queen, 
"  for  our  faithful  dealings  ?  The  heathen  do  require  good 
"  for  good ;  how  much  more  then  is  it  to  be  expected  in  a 
"  Christian  prince.^  And  will  not  this  her  majesty's  han- 
"  dling,  think  you,  Mr.  Speaker,  make  cold  dealing  in  any  of 
"  her  majesty's  subjects  towards  her  again,  &c.  And  prayed 
"  God  to  send  her  majesty  a  melting,  yielding  heart  unto 
"  sound  counsel ;  that  will  might  not  stand  for  a  reason." 

And  then,  as  a  further  proof  of  God's  judgment  upon 
that  session  of  parliament,  [viz.  this  in  1572,]  he  brought  in 
the  bishops ;  whom,  he  asserted,  God's  Spirit  did  not  descend 
upon  all  that  session,  because,  as  it  appeared,  they  were  not 
for  the  bill  about  ceremonies,  drawn  up  by  the  innovators. 
"  But  was  this  all  .'*"  proceeded  he ;  "  No,  for  God  would 
128  "  not  vouchsafe  that  the  Holy  Spirit  should  all  that  session 
"  descend  upon  our  bishops.  So  that  in  that  session  nothing 
"  was  done  to  the  advantage  of  his  glory." 

Then  he  proceeded  with  much  show  of  bitterness  and  dis- 
affection to  that  holy  order,  to  disparage  them  as  spiritual 
men,  that  did  no  good  in  the  church,  but  rather  hann.    "  I 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  189 

"  have  heard,"  said  he,  "  of  old  parhament  men,  that  the    CHAP, 
"  banishment  of  the  pope  and  popery,  and  the  reforming  of '_ 


"  true  rehgion,  had  their  beginning  from  this  house,  and  not  Anno  1572. 
"  from  the  bishops.     And  I  have  heard,  that  few  laws  for  |^*^*^^^\*  °" 

1  '  the  bisliops, 

"  religion  had  their  foundation  from  them.  And  I  do  surely  as  back- 
"  think,  (before  God  I  speak  it,)  that  the  bishops  were  the  formation." 
"  cause  of  that  doleful  message,  [which  the  treasurer,  sir 
"  Francis  Knowles,  brought  from  the  queen."]  And  then 
gave  his  reason  for  his  conjecture,  viz.  because  in  the  last 
parliament,  when  he,  and  other  members  appointed,  repaired 
to  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  some  words  had  passed 
between  him  and  the  archbishop.  Wherein  the  archbishop 
expecting  that  such  matter  relating  to  religion  should  be 
left  to  them,  the  bishops,  to  reform  and  regulate,  he  roundly 
replied,  "  That  that  would  be  to  make  them  popes :  and  that 
"  for  his  part,  he  would  make  them  none,  whoever  would; 
"as  it  hath  been  related  before.  And  he  feared,  as  he  chap.  vH. 
"  added,  lest  the  bishops  attributed  that  of  the  pope''s  canon 
"  to  themselves,  Papa  non  potest  errare.  For  otherwise 
"  they  would  reform  things  amiss."  And  so  with  a  great 
deal  more  spite  agairv&t  them,  blamed  them  particularly  for 
spurning  against  God's  people,  that  writ  for  reforming  of 
things  amiss  in  the  church.  All  which  shewed  him  to  be  a 
zealous  follower  of  those  innovators,  Cartwright  and  others, 
who  then  were  in  the  midst  of  their  writing  The  admonition 
to  the  parliament.  And  then  he  flings  at  the  queen's  mes- 
sage again ;  saying,  "  That  the  acceptance  of  such  messages, 
"  and  taking  them  in  good  part,  offended  God  highly,  and 
"  was  the  acceptation  of  the  breach  of  the  liberties  of  that 
"  honourable  council."" 

This  speech  of  Mr.  Wentworth's  was  so  illy  taken  of  the  He  is  se- 
house,  out  of  the  reverend  regard  they  had  of  her  majesty,  f„"/^i"* 
that  they  stopped  him  before  he  had  finished  his  speech,  speech. 
And  first  they  sequestered  him ;  and  after  sundry  motions 
and  disputations  had,  it  was  agreed  that  he  should  be  com- 
mitted to  the  sergeant's  ward,  as  prisoner ;  and  so  remain- 
ing, to  be  examined  upon  his  speech  by  all  the  privy  coun- 
cil, being  of  the  house,  and  many  others.     The  report  is  set  journ,  p. 

241. 


190       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   down  of  what  was  done  with  him,  related  by  himself:  for 
•        which  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  Journal  of  this  parliament. 
Anno  1572.      On  Thursday,  February  the  9th,  Mr.  Treasurer,  in  the 
Examined    name  of  all  the  committees  appointed  for  the  examination  of 

by  a  com-  '  ^ 

niittee  of  Wcntworth,  declared,  that  they  all  met  yesterday  afternoon 
t  e  house.  -^  ^j^^  Star-chamber,  according  to  their  commission  ;  and 
there  examined  him  touching  the  virulent  and  wicked  zcords 
(as  they  are  called)  the  same  day,  pronounced  by  him  in  the 
house  touching  the  queen"'s  majesty  ;  and  made  a  collection 
of  the  same  words.  And  he  could  say  nothing  for  his  ex- 
tenuating of  his  said  fault  and  offence ;  and  took  all  the  bur- 
den thereof  upon  himself.  Then  the  said  Mr.  Treasui-er 
moved  for  a  punishment  and  imprisonment  in  the  Tower, 
as  the  house  should  think  good.  Whereupon,  after  sundry 
speeches  and  debates,  it  was  ordered,  that  he  should  be  com- 
129raitted  close  prisoner  to  the  Tower  for  his  offence.  And 
immediately  he  was  brought  to  the  bar  by  the  sergeant,  and 
received  the  said  judgment  accordingly  by  the  said  speaker. 
And  so  the  lieutenant  of  the  Tower  was  presently  charged 
with  the  custody  of  him.  But  by  the  queen''s  special  favour 
he  was  restored  to  his  liberty  and  pliice  in  the  house  March 
the  12th,  that  is,  three  days  before  tne  prorogation  of  that 
parliament;  namely,  the  parliament  sitting  1575. 

One  of  the  particulars  wherein  Mr.  Wentworth  was  so 
sharp  upon  the  queen,  (as  was  hinted  before,)  was  her  fa- 
vour to  the  Scottish  queen,  after  all  the  endeavour  of  this 
parliament  to  secure  the  realm  against  her.  For  about  June 
they  had  indeed,  with  full  consent,  brought  a  bill  to  full 
perfection,  to  make  that  queen  unable  and  unworthy  of  suc- 
cession to  this  crown.  But  to  this  the  queen  neither  con- 
sented, neither  rejected ;  but  thought  fit  to  put  it  off.  This 
disappointment  all  her  parliament  took  very  heavily. 

And  what  just  cause  the  parliament  had  to  be  jealous  of 
the  Scottish  queen,  appeared  by  many  things  that  now  came 
to  light. 

The  queen        YoY  to  ffive  some  fuller  relation  of  this  business.  The  ap- 
of  Scots  the        ,         .    ^    „   ,  .        .  -  i?  o     .  r 

cause  of  the  prehension  oi  the  nation  irom  the  queen  or  bcots  was  one  or 

Sfoiik'      ^^^  S^^^t  matters  that  took  up  the  cares  of  the  queen  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  191 

parliament  this  year,  after  the  business  of  the  duke  of  Nor-    CHAP, 
folk  with  her  had  so  opened  their  eyes.      That  queen  was . 


the  cause  of  bringing  to  his  end  that  very  worthy,  useful,  •'^""^  ^^72. 
and  beloved  peer  of  this  realm.  I  shall  not  rehearse  his 
trial,  condemnation,  or  execution,  our  historians  having  set 
those  things  down  at  length.  Only  I  shall  recommend  to 
the  reader  a  true  report  of  the  words  and  confession  of  that 
duke  at  his  death,  taken  by  me  from  a  MS.  in  the  Cotton  N°.xiii. 
library,  Camden  having  but  a  short  account  thereof,  as 
much  as  he  covild  carry  away  in  his  memory,  being  pre- 
sent; and  Holinshed's  report  thereof  being  larger,  but 
not  so  exact. 

It  was  now  five  months  since  he  was  condemned,  the  queen  His  execu- 

,.,  f>ii  I'l'ii  •!        tion  judged 

hitherto,  out  or   her  love  to  him,  being  loath  to  give  her  necessary 
warrant  for  his  execution.     May  16,  the  house  ioined  to  l^y  ^^"^  P^"" 

.  liament, 

signify  to  her,  that  it  was  their  general  resolution  that  exe- and  so  pro- 
cution  was  necessary  to  be  done  upon  the  duke,  and  that  it  ^j"" °  "^^gn^ 
should  be  propounded  unto  her,  not  by  way  of  petition  to 
move  her  thereunto,  but  as  their  common  opinion.  This 
Leicester,  in  his  correspondence  with  Walsingham,  men- 
tioneth  ;  and  that  great  suit  was  made  by  the  nether  house 
to  her  for  the  execution  :  but  he  addeth,  as  knowing  her  in- 
clinations, that  he  saw  no  likelihood  thereof.  Yet,  though 
she  stayed  for  some  time,  she  yielded  to  it  at  last :  and 
June  2,  the  duke  was  executed,  in  compliance  with  her 
parhament  and  the  necessity  of  affairs,  to  her  great  grief. 
And  when  but  a  day  after,  (the  execution  being  on  Mon- 
day,) letters  on  Tuesday  from  her  ambassador  in  France 
were  brought  to  her  by  the  lord  Burghley  ;  and  he  tell- 
ing her,  that  he  thought  his  purpose  in  those  letters  was 
only  to  shew  her  the  opinion  of  wise  men,  and  her  majes- 
ty's well  wishers  in  France,  both  for  the  queen  of  Scots 
and  the  duke  of  Norfolk ;  she  bade  him  open  the  letters. 
And  so  he  did  in  her  presence.  And  in  his  reading  them, 
observing  the  queen  somewhat  sad,  and  discomposed  at  the 
duke"'s  death,  he  took  occasion  to  cut  off  the  reading  thereof, 
and  so  entered  into  speech  concerning  the  queen  of  Scots : 
which  she  did  not  mislike,  and  commended  her  said  am- 130 


192       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 
BOOK   bassador's  care  and  diligence  in  what  he  had  writ  concern- 


I. 


ing  her. 


Anno  1572.  This  fatal  stroke  was  of  the  more  pubhc  import  to  Eng- 
land, seasonably  to  prevent  greater  dangers  to  the  kingdom, 
in  that  "  he  was  (as  a  wise  man,  and  well  known  in  the  pub- 

MeivirsMc-<<  lie  affairs  of  those  times,  wrote  in  his  Memoirs,)  one  of 

moirs,  p.  96.  .  .  „ 

"  the  greatest  subjects  in  JtiiUrope,  not  being  a  tree  prince : 
"  for  he  ruled  the  queen,  and  all  that  were  most  familiar 
"  with  her.  He  also  ruled  (saith  he)  the  council,  and  ruled 
*'  also  the  two  factions  in  England,  both  protestant  and  pa^ 
*'  pist,  with  the  city  of  London,  and  whole  land.  The  great 
"  men,  who  were  papists,  were  all  his  near  kinsmen ;  whom 
"  he  entertained  with  great  wisdom  and  discretion.  And 
"  the  protestants  had  such  proof  of  his  godly  life  and  con- 
"  versation,  that  they  loved  him  entirely.  So  that  he  was 
"  taken  and  secured  when  he  thought  all  England  was  at 
"  his  devotion."  This  author  tells  us  further  of  the  duke's 
plain  language  in  behalf  of  the  Scottish  queen ;  boasting 
and  speaking  out,  "  that  he  would  serve  and  honour  the 
*'  queen  his  mistress  so  long  as  she  lived.  But  after  her 
"  decease  he  would  set  the  crown  of  England  upon  the 
"  queen  of  Scotland's  head,  as  lawful  heir."  And  this  he 
avowed  to  secretary  Cecil,  bidding  him  to  go  and  prattle 
that  language  again  to  the  queen.  The  secretary  answered, 
that  he  would  be  no  taleteller  to  the  queen  of  him,  but  would 
concur  with  him  in  any  course,  and  serve  him  in  any  honour- 
able thing  wherein  he  would  employ  him. 
The  duke's  Further,  that  he  told  earl  Murray,  regent  of  Scotland, 
designs.  that  he  was  resolved  to  marry  the  queen  [of  Scots.]  And 
that  he  would  never  permit  her  to  come  to  Scotland ;  nor 
yet  that  he  would  ever  rebel  against  the  queen  of  England 
during  her  time.  Also,  that  he  had  a  daughter,  who  would 
be  better  for  the  king  than  any  other,  for  many  reasons. 
The  duke  Upon  the  death  of  men  of  rank  and  figure,  we  commonly 
are  inquisitive  into  their  character.  This  duke,  among  his 
other  qualifications,  was  himself  endued  with  religion,  and 
had  a  care  for  the  education  of  his  children  therein.  And 
as  that  part  of  it  which  consisteth  in  devotion  and  prayer  is 


reliscious. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  193 

proper  to  keep  up  a  sense  and  awe  of  God,  so  he  provided    CHAP, 
that  they  might  be  conversant  therein.     And  for  that  pur- 


pose, in  the  year  1569,  he  recommended  to  one  or  two  of  Anno  1572. 
his  chaplains,  namely,  Bering  and  Hansby,  to  instruct  them 
in  this  duty  of  prayer,  and,  in  order  thereunto,  to  draw  up 
some  proper  forms  for  their  use.  Which  they  did,  suiting 
them  to  divers  occasions,  according  to  our  various  needs  and 
wants,  to  be  supplied  from  Almighty  God.  And  when  they 
had  finished  this  book  of  prayers,  they  presented  it  to  the 
duke  fairly  written,  all  of  Mr.  Bering's  own  writing,  with  an 
epistle  in  Latin  before  it,  signed  with  both  their  hands. 
Wherein  they  observe  and  comntiend  his  good  inclinations 
to  religion,  and  exhort  and  stir  him  up  with  much  good  ad- 
vice to  increase  and  make  more  and  more  progi'ess  therein. 
And  according  to  their  duty,  being  most  bound  to  him  and 
his  merits  in  the  service  of  his  religion,  they  beseeched  the 
God  of  all  grace  and  father  of  mercy,  that  he  who  first  put 
those  counsels  in  his  mind,  (those  true  tokens  of  his  piety,) 
would  confirm  and  cherish  the  same;  and  that  from  those  131 
holy  roots  of  immortahty  might  spring  up  in  time  ripe  fruits, 
which  would  grow  unto  eternal  life.  They  put  him  in  mind 
of  those  mighty  benefits  and  blessings  God  had  adorned  him 
with  ;  in  what  place  he  had  set  him,  with  what  great  grace, 
and  in  how  great  benevolence  God  had  furnished  his  mind  : 
that  he  had  all  things  bestowed  on  him  above  his  age,  above 
custom,  nay,  above  mortality.  And  so  they  went  on,  expa- 
tiating upon  God's  goodness  to  him ;  and  therefore,  what 
returns  of  gratitude  he  was  to  make  to  him.  And  further, 
they  added  their  Christian  counsel,  that  whensoever  God, 
or  prayer,  or  piety,  virtue,  religion,  or  mortahty,  came  into 
his  mind,  that  they  should  not  be  cursory  thoughts,  but  that 
he  should  more  accurately  and  closely  apply  them,  and  not 
be  drawn  from  such  purposes  and  meditations,  until  he 
found  and  knew  himself  better.  And  so  at  length  to  shew 
himself  in  mind  and  will  most  thankful  to  God,  the  author 
of  his  salvation,  that  had  so  exceedingly  well  deserved  of 
him.  And  then  these  good  thoughts  of  his  would  not  be 
indeed  sure  testimonies  of  the  honours  of  this  world,  that 

VOL.  IT.  o 


194       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   are  but  the  mockeries  of  a  short  day,  but  of  his  eternal  feli- 
city  ;  to  the  great  and  wonderful  peace  of  his  mind  here, 


Anno  1572.  and  after  liis  departure  hence  would  assure  to  him  immor- 
tality.    Much  more  such  pious  advice  and  admonition  did 
these  his  chaplains,  both  fellows  (I  think)  of  Chrisfs  college 
in  Cambridge,  give  to  this  noble  duke ;  which  may  well  de- 
[No.Xlll.]  serve  therefore  a  place  in  our  Appendix. 
Sir  Roger         The  excellent  qualities  of  this  unhappy  duke  rendered 
intimate  '  ^^"^  ^^^^'  ^o  all  the  lionest  nobility  and  gentry.    Among  the 
with  the      j-est  ^q  gjj.  Roger  Mannours,  of  the  right  noble  family  of 
pecte'd.        the  earls  of  Rutland :  whom  I  mention,  because  the  queen, 
though  he  had  been  her  servant  ever  since  she  came  to  the 
crown,  did  suspect  to  be  too  familiar  with  him ;  and  (as  a 
consequent  of  that)  not  so  well  affected  to  religion  nor  to 
her.    Which  when  he  came  to  understand,  by  some  mention 
thereof  after,  from   the  mouth  of  the  lord  Burghley,  he, 
under  a  great  concern,  conscious  of  his  sound  religion  and 
His  letter     unspottcd  loyalty,  protested  his  mind  thus  unto  that  lord  ; 
to  the  lord   requesting  him  to  make  it  known  to  her  majesty:   "That 
in  vindica-    "  he  had  gathered  by  his  lordship's  speech,  that  he  should 
^mn  o   nm-  ^j  ggg,^^  ^q  stand  somcwhat  suspected  both  in  religion,  and 
MSS.Burg.  «  for  the  good  will  he  bore  to  the  late  duke.     For  the  one 
"  it  behoved  him,  he  said,  not  to  dissemble ;  and  for  the 
"  other,  he  would  say  truth.     He  protested  to  him,  that  he 
"  abhorred  all  superstition  and  popish  idolatry,  as  much  as 
"  any  man  living.    And  that  he  judged  little  better  of  these 
"  bull-papists  [meaning  those  that  sided  with  the  late  pope''s 
"  bull  against  queen  Elizabeth]  than  he  did  of  rebels  to  her 
"  majesty  :  for  that  he  thought  they  carried  the  same  mind. 
"  And  not  much  otherwise  did  he  account  of  those  new 
"  fond  pvn-itans.     Neither   could  he  judge  why  any  man 
"  should  mistrust  him  in  religion,  but  one  of  them. 

"  Touching  the  said  duke,  he  confessed  he  loved  him 
"  while  he  was  good ;  yet  was  he  never  beholden  to  him  for 
"  any  benefit :  but  that  he  honoured  him  for  those  virtues 
"  which  he  thought  to  be  in  him  ;  and  for  that  he  believed 
"  he  was  a  true  and  faithful  subject  to  her  majesty,  and  as 
"  it  were  a  very  pillar  of  her  realm.     And  that  herein  he 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  195 

"  deceived  not  him  only,  but  the  wisest  and  the  most  part   CHAP. 
"  of  this  realm  ;  who  then,  he  was  sure,  so  believed  of  him. 


"  But  that  after  he  had  been  at  his  arraignment,  and  heard  Anno  1572, 
*'  how  he  was  charged,  and  what  his  answers  were,  if  I  (as  132 
"  the  said  sir  Roger  Mannours  added)  said  not  to  your 
"  lordship,  I  am  sure  I  said  to  some  others  of  great  calling, 
"  that  then  asked  me  what  I  thought,  that  if  his  peers  had 
"  acquitted  him,  or  that  the  queen's  majesty  afterwards 
"  should  pardon  him,  I  would  never  keep  him  company : 
*'  and  since  that  tirne,  I  am  sure  no  man  heard  me  any  ways 
"  excuse  any  part  of  his  faults.  For  surely,  my  lord,  I  never 
"  meant  to  love  any  man  longer  than  I  thought  he  loved 
"the  queen's  majesty;  whom  God  preserve  ever,  as  our 
"  only  safety.  How  desirous  I  have  been  to  understand 
"  matters  of  state,  or  intermingle  in  that  which  appertained 
"  not  unto  me,  I  appeal,  my  lord,  to  your  own  conscience : 
*'  for  you  can  best  judge  of  me  in  that  cause,  my  lord.  I 
"  have  served  her  in  the  office  which  I  now  hold  full  four- 
"  teen  years,  and,  I  trust,  hitherunto  undetected  of  any  dis- 
"  honest  dealing  towards  any  man.  Blame  me  not,  if  now 
"  it  grieveth  me  to  be  suspected  in  that  wherein  I  did  only 
"  g^o^y?  ^^y  truth  to  her  majesty,  in  which,  if  1  once  fail  in 
"  deed  or  thought,  I  crave  extremity  of  justice.  In  all  other 
"  things  I  desire  her  mercy,  but  not  in  that,"  &c.  In  these 
lines,  and  many  more,  did  that  noble  person  and  courtier  la- 
bour to  vindicate  his  own  steady  loyalty  to  his  royal  mis- 
tress, and  unshaken  adherence  to  the  true  religion,  however 
he  had  loved  the  noble  duke,  as  most  of  the  nobility  had 
done. 

Now  as  to  the  great  cause,  a^  the  business  of  the  Scottish 
queen  was  called,  that  justly  created  so  much  apprehension 
to  the  queen,  and  the  state  of  religion  in  this  kingdom,  I 
shall  rehearse  some  things  that  our  records,  letters,  and  ad- 
vices, and  manuscript  papers  do  inform  us  of  it.    When  sir 
Robert  Melvil  returned  home  from  his  first  ambassage  in  Twenty-five 
England,  \\e  brought  the  handwriting  of  twenty-five  earls  y^^  ^'read°^t' 
and  lords  in  England,  that  were  ready  to  set  the  crown  of  make  Mary 
this  realm  upon  that  queen's  head.    The  captains  in  the  par-  t:,fJi'and. 

o2 


196       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    ticular  shires  were  named,  and  by  those  lords  set  down  in 

'_ that  paper ;  only  they  wanted  that  queen"'s  opportunity  and 

Anno  1572.  l^ej.  advertisement,  when  to  stir.  And  upon  this  intelli- 
Meivii'sMe-ggj^^g  that  quecn  presently  writ  to  France,  to  her  uncle, 
112.  the  cardinal  of  Lorain.   Who,  upon  her  desire,  sent  her  his 

secretary.    To  whom  the  Melvils,  sir  James  and  sir  Robert, 
by  her  command,  declared  the  state  of  England,  and  the 
great  party  she  had  there,  to  espouse  her  interest ;  desiring 
her  uncle  to  send  his  advice,  when  it  would  be  the  fittest 
time  for  her  to  stir;    and  to  send  what  help  he  and  his 
friends  could  procure.    When  the  cardinal  understood  this, 
he  acquainted  the  queen-mother  of  France  with  it ;  and 
how  prejudicial  to  the  crown  of  France  the  union  of  this 
isle  of  Great  Britain  would  be.     That  therefore  it  was  her 
interest  to  oppose  it.    And  advised  her  therefore  to  adver- 
tise the  queen  of  England  concerning   the   said  intended 
plot,  as  the  only  and  most  effectual  way  to  prevent  it. 
The  queen        gut  whatsoever  the  qviecn  of  England's  thoughts  were 
thereof :       thereof,  she  appeared  to  give  no  credit  thereunto  ;  as  though 
how  she      g]^g  looked  upou  it  as  an  Italian  fetch,  [that  French  queen 
too  was  an  Italian,]  to  put  her  in  suspicion  with  her  nobility. 
This  account  Melvil  writes  he  had  from  the  queen  herself. 
The  pariia-       This  was  then   the  cause  of  the  parliament's  meeting ; 
soke  to'      namely,  the  Scottish  queen's  practices  with  the  said  duke, 
touch  that  and  also  with  other  the  queen's  enemies  abroad ;  intended 
well  in  life  for  the  invasion  and  destruction  of  the  realm.    Therefore,  a 
as  title.        f^^^  days  after  the  parliament  met,  the  lord  keeper  sent  for 
the  lower  house,   and   declared   to   them,  that  it  was   the 
queen's  pleasure,  that  a  certain  number  of  the  upper  house, 
and  of  the  lower,  should  the  next  morning  meet  together  in 
the  Star-chamber,  to  consult  and  debate  upon  the  queen  of 
Scots'  matters.    A  committee  accordingly  was  appointed  of 
commoners,  to  meet  with  the  lords,  to  consider  how  to  pro- 
ceed in  that  great  cause.    And  after  the  conference,  Mr. 
Attorney  of  the  court  of  wards  made  report  of  that  confe- 
rence.   And  at  length  it  was  resolved,  for  the  better  safety 
and  preservation  of  the  queen,  and  the  present  state,  to  pro- 
ceed against  the  Scottish  queen   in  the  highest  degree  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  197 

treason.    And  therein  to  touch  her,  as  well  in  life,  as  in  title   ^^j^^* 

and  dignity ;  and  that  of  necessity,  with  all  possible  speed, 

by  the  voice  of  the  house.  ^"""  '^'''' 

There  be  reasons  set  down  in  the  journal  of  the  house  of  D'Ewes' 
commons,  (which  the  publisher  of  that  journal  met  with  in  ^^^^q^^  ' 
some  of  his  papers ;  and  concluded  that  they  were  presented 
to  the  queen.  May  the  28th,)  to  prove  the  queen's  majesty 
bound  in  conscience  to  proceed  in  severity  in  this  cause 
of  the  Scottish  queen,  as  being  guilty  in  two  the  highest 
crimes ;  both  concerning  God's  religion,  and  the  disinherit- 
ing and  destruction  of  their  prince.  Shewing,  how  she  was 
the  only  hope  of  all  the  adversaries  of  God,  throughout  all 
Europe,  and  the  instrument  whereby  they  trusted  to  over- 
throw the  gospel  of  Christ  in  all  countries,  &c.  That  she 
had  heaped  up  together  all  the  sins  of  the  licentious  sons  of 
David,  adulteries,  murders,  conspiracies,  treasons,  and  blas- 
phemies against  God  also,  &c.  And  that  she,  with  her  allies, 
by  the  pretended  title,  and  other  like  devilish  and  traitorous 
devices  and  workings,  was  like  to  bring  confusion  to  this 
realm  of  England  and  the  people  thereof.  Then  another 
reason  was  offered,  persuading,  that  the  queen  ought  to 
have,  in  conscience,  a  great  care  of  the  safety  of  her  own 
person. 

On  the  28th  of  May  abovesaid,  it  was  signified  to  the  which  the 
house  by  the  speaker,  that  it  was  the  queen's  pleasure,  that  ^jj^gg  ^^^ 
the   committees  for   the   fi^reat  cause   should   attend   her.  Jirections 

.  .to  them 

When  they  were  come,  they  presented  their  humble  peti-  how  to 
tion  to  her;  and  (besides  the  reasons  aforesaid)  reasons  ga- P''"'^*^'^'^" 
thered  out  of  the  civil  law  by  certain  appointed  by  autho- 
rity in  parliament,  to  prove,  that  it  standeth  not  only  with 
justice,  but  also  with  the  queen's  majesty's  honour  and 
safety,  to  proceed  criminally  against  the  pretended  Scot- 
tish queen.  But  the  queen,  though  she  liked  not  of  these 
proceedings  to  be  taken  with  the  Scottish  queen,  yet  re- 
ceived their  message  very  graciously,  and  said,  she  thought 
the  course  chosen  by  the  house,  and  wherein  the  lords  had 
joined  with  that  house,  to  be  the  best  and  surest  way  for 
her  preservation  and  safety  ;  yet  for  certain  respects  by  her- 

o3 


198       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  self  conceived,  she  thought  good  for  this  time  to  defer,  but 
not  to  reject  that  course  of  proceeding.  And  that  in  the 
Auno  1572.  mean  time  they  should  go  forward  in  the  great  matter 
134  against  that  queen ;  but  that  her  majesty  therein  would  not 
have  that  queen,  by  any  implication  or  drawing  of  words, 
to  be  either  enabled  or  disabled,  to  or  from  any  manner  of 
title  to  the  crown  of  this  realm,  nor  touched  at  all.  And 
therefore  that  the  bill  should  be  first  drawn  by  her  learned 
council,  and  by  them  penned,  before  it  were  treated  of,  or 
dealt  with  in  the  house. 

The  queen  then  further  declared  her  judgment  to  the 
house,  that  she,  the  Scottish  queen,  should  be  disabled  from 
enjoying  any  preeminence  or  dignity  in  this  land  :  and  that, 
not  seeking  to  deal  with  her  according  to  her  deserts,  she 
was  contented  only  to  have  her  made  incapable  of  princely 
Their  an-     dignity.    But  the  committee  answered,  that  as  to  the  dis- 
abling of  that  queen  for  any  clause  or  title  to  the  crown, 
they   took   it  for  a  known  truth,   that   by   the   laws   and 
statutes  of  the  land,  then  in  force,  she  was  ah'cady  dis- 
abled. 
The  hill  of       But  notwithstanding,  the  house  finished  a  bill,  and  sent  it 
agaiiis'tthe  ^V  ^^  ^^^^  lords,  June  26,  wherein  that  queen  was  declared 
Scottish       guilty  of  treason ;  and    they  solicited    earnestly  with   the 
queen  that  she  might  be  executed.    But  the  queen  not  in- 
tending to  proceed  after  that  rigorous  manner,  the  next  day 
adjourned  that  sessions.    And  the  parliament  met  not  again 
until  three  years  after;  viz.  anno  1575, 18  Eliz.  after  divers 
prorogations, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  199 

CHAP.  XV. 

The  tliouglits  of  the  wisest  men  concerning  the  state ^  hy  rea- 
son of  the  Scottish  queen.  Her  crimes  tinder  Jive  articles. 
The  queen's  instructions  to  her  ambassador  going  to 
France^  concerning  that  queen.  Wcdsingham' s  J'ears  of  a 
Bartholomeio  breakfast.  Talk  of  putting  the  Scottish 
queen  to  death.  Account  given  of  her  by  the  earl  of 
Shrexvsbury,  her  keeper.  Linen  sent  to  her,  with  secret 
writing  on  it. 

iNOW  while  these  things  were  thus  earnestly  transacting  Anno  1572. 

in  parliament,  I  will  subjoin  the  judgments  and  opinions  of 

the  wisest  and  gravest  men,  and  the  observations  that  were 

then  made  by  them. 

"  The  parliament  now  assembled,  both  nobihty  and  peo-The  judg- 

"  pie  had   considered,  that    the    queen's    majesty's    surety  1]"^^°^^"^ 

"  could  not  be  preserved,  without  some  severe  proceeding 'j'emen 

'*  against  the  queen  of  Scots.    Whereunto  her  majesty  had  the ^p™"^ 

"  not  yielded  in  such  extremity.    And  so  that  queen  had"^'''°S9 

„  -111  -1  1  ^^'t''  "^he 

"  more  favour  mdeed,  than  either   she  deserved,  or  than  Scottish 

"  was  thought  meet  by  the  whole  realm."  So  the  English  'i"*^^"- 
commissioners  delivered  themselves  to  the  French  commis- 
sioners, who  required  she  might  have  some  favour  upon  the 
conclusion  of  a  treaty.  These  commissioners  were,  the  lord  135 
keeper,  the  earls  of  Sussex  and  Leicester,  the  lord  chamber- 
lain, lord  treasurer  Burghley,  master  comptroller,  sir  Ralph 
Sadlier,  and  sir  Walter  Mildmay. 

That  the  queen  was  so  dilatory  in   this  great  concern  The  lord 
with  her  parliament  mightily  troubled  the  lord  Burghley  ;  jud'^menV 
opening  his  mind  thus  to  Walsingham,  the  ambassador  in  and  discou- 
France  :   "  That  the  parliament  was  earnest ;  and  that  there  '° 
"  could  not  be  found   more    soundness  in   the  commons'" 
"  house,  and    no   lack    in    the   higher  house ;  but  in  the 
"  highest  person  such  slowness,  in  the  offers  of  surety,  [i.  e. 
"  the  surety  of  the  queen  and  realm  offered  by  the  parlia- 
"  ment  in  securing  both  against  the  Scottish  queen's  prac- 
"  tices,]  and  such  stay  in  resolution,  that  it  seemed  God  was 

o  4 


200       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    it  not  pleased  that   the  surety  should  proceed.     That  he 
"  could  not   forbear   to   lament    this    secretly.    And  that 


Anno  1572.  u  thereby  with  it,  and  such  like  events,  he  was  overthrown 
"  in  heart,  so  as  he  had  no  spark  almost  of  good  spirit  (lie 
"  said)  left  in  him,  to  nourish  health  in  his  body ;  being 
"  every  third  day  thrown  down  to  the  ground,  so  as  he  was 
"  forced  to  be  carried  into  the  parliament-house,  and  to  her 
"  majesty's  presence.  And  to  lament  it  openly,  was  (as  he 
"  added)  to  give  more  comfort  to  the  adversaries. 

"  These  (as  he  proceeded)  are  our  miseries,  and  such  as 
"  I  see  no  end  thereof.  And  among  other,  shame  doth  as 
*'  much  trouble  me  as  the  rest ;  that  all  persons  shall  be- 
"  hold  our  folhes,  as  they  may  think  ;  imputing  these  lacks 
"  and  errors  to  some  of  us  that  are  accounted  inward  coun- 
"  sellors ;  where  indeed  the  fault  is  not.  And  yet  they 
"  must  be  so  suffered,  and  so  to  be  imputed,  for  saving  of 
"  the  honour  of  the  highest." 
Lord  Again,  in  another  letter  the  same  lord  thus  expressed  his 

^"[j^j^jj^^  *"  trouble  about  this  emergence,  soon   after  the  parliament 
ham.  broke  up.    "  For  the  parliament  I  cannot  write  patiently. 

"  All  that  we  laboured  for,  and  had  with  full  consent 
"  brought  to  fashion,  I  mean,  a  law  to  make  the  Scottish 
"  queen  unable  and  unworthy  of  succession  to  the  crown, 
*'  was  by  her  majesty  neither  assented  to  nor  rejected,  but 
"  deferred  until  the  feast  of  All  Saints.  But  what  all  other 
"  wise  and  good  men  may  think  of  it,  you  may  guess."  He 
added,  that  some,  as  it  seemed,  abused  their  favour  about 
her  majesty,  to  make  herself  her  most  enemy  ;  [viz.  by  dis- 
suading her  to  countenance  these  proceedings  in  parliament 
for  her  safety.]  He  prayed  God  to  amend  them.  But  he 
would  not  write  who  these  were  that  were  suspected :  he 
was  sorry  for  them  ;  and  so  would  you  also,  (writing  to 
Walsingham,)  if  you  thought  the  suspicion  to  be  true : 
meaning  probably  the  earl  of  Leicester. 
Earl  of  Yet  that  great  courtier  and  favourite  used  these  words 

thoiMits  at  to  the  said  ambassador  in  the  month  of  May,  when  this 
this  June-    weighty  matter  was  earnestly  debating  in  the  news:  "  Our 


ture. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  201 

"  news  is,  we  are  presently  in  hand  to  attaint  the  Scottish    CHAP. 
"  queen  of  treason.    And  yet  we  fear  our  queen  will  scant      ^^- 


"  agree  to  it.  Anno  1572. 

The  thoughts  of  that  grave  statesman,  Walsingham,  shall  Waising- 
take   up  the  next  place ;  who,  upon  consideration  hereof,  Letter  to 
used  these  words:   "  That  when  he  considered,  how  things  Leicester. 
*'  of  moment,  tending  to  safety,  proceeded  at  home,  he  knew 
*'  not  what  to  judge  necessary,  unless  it  were  for  every  man 
"  to  provide  for  the  cross."    And  again,  upon  the  solicita-  136 
tions  made  in  France  about  this  time  for  that  queen,  and  for 
her  reestablish ment  in  her  government,  he  brake  out  into 
these  words :  "  That  he  feared,  that  as  long  as  that  woman 
"  lived,  there  would  never  grow  good  accord  to  Scotland, 
"  nor  continuance  of  repose  in  England ;  nor  perfect  and 
"  sound   amity  between   her   majesty    and   the   crown   of 
"  France." 

And  when  all  that  had  been  endeavoured  in  parliament  Waising- 
was  not  only  ineffectual,  but  soon  after  she  was  enlarged, -p  3„^jtjj_ 
and  had  more  liberty  granted,  the  same  Walsingham  thus 
discovered  his  mind  to  a  friend  in  England,  in  the  month  of 
August :  "  That  if  her  majesty  had  accepted  the  provision 
"  for  her  safety  by  her  subjects  in  parliament,  and  not  so 
"  soon  liave  yielded  to  any  enlargement,  those  Scottish  mat- 
"  ters  (then  in  debate)  had  been  ere  this  accorded ;  [viz.  the 
"  civil  wars  among  the  Scots,  occasioned  by  that  queen.] 
"  But  we  use  (said  he)  to  build  with  one  hand,  and  over- 
"  throw  with  another :  concluding,  that  he  could  rather  la- 
"  ment  it,  than  hope  after  a  remedy.  And  therefore  to  God 
*'  he  committed  it." 

It  was  the  quick  apprehension  of  the  imminent  danger 
that  still  hung  over  both  the  queen  and  people  of  Eng- 
land's heads  at  this  time,  that  so  pressed  the  necessity  of  re- 
moving the^omes  of  contention  round  about.  Which  caused 
the  same  wise  man  to  utter  himself  and  his  fears  thus  to  the 
same  friend  a  little  after,  in  the  month  of  October:  "  That 
"  until  such  time  as  the  root  of  the  evil  [meaning  that 
"queen]  were  removed,  it  was  rather  to  dream  of  remedies, 
"  than  to  apply  such  as  the  disease  required."   And  there 


202       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Aiino  1572. 


Queen  of 
Scots  ac- 
cused under 
five  articles. 
Cotton 
librar. 


N".  XIV. 


137 


The  prac- 
tice of  the 
Scottish 
«(ueen 
.igaiiist 
fjueen  Eli- 
zabeth. 


being  now  some  hopes  of  matters  growing  to  an  accord  in 
Scotland,  by  the  means  of  queen  Elizabeth,  he  added, 
"  That  if  the  postern  gate  were  shut  up,  [meaning  Scotland,] 
*'  and  other  inward  medicines  applied,  she  [the  queen] 
"  would  be  more  esteemed  and  feared."  And  again,  "  That 
"  the  tempest  that  hung  over  our  heads  was  to  man's  judg- 
"  ment  so  apparent,  as,  if  she  oversli})pcd  any  remedy  that 
"  might  be  used,  she  must  not  long  look  to  keep  the  state 
"  that  she  then  enjoyed.  And  that  if  England  and  Scot- 
"  land  were  united,  and  such  unsound  members  cut  off  as 
"  had  been  the  cause  of  inward  corruption,  both  her  ene- 
"  mies  should  have  less  Avill  to  attempt  any  thing,  against 
"  her  safety,  and  she  remain  in  less  peril  of  such  mischiefs  as 
"  otherwise  were  like  to  fall  upon  her :  adding,  that  violent 
"  diseases  must  have  violent  remedies." 

I  find  that  queen's  crimes  reduced  to  five  articles,  of  dan- 
gerous import  to  her  majesty  and  to  the  state  of  England ; 
which  by  certain  commissioners  sent  to  that  queen  by  queen 
Elizabeth  were  charged  upon  her.  First,  her  claim  to  the 
crown  of  England.  Secondly,  seeking  a  marriage  with  the 
duke  of  Norfolk.  Thirdly,  the  procurement  of  the  late  re- 
bellion in  the  north.  Fourthly,  the  relief  of  the  rebels  after 
they  fled.  Fifthly,  the  practising  of  an  invasion  of  the 
realm  by  strangers.  This  paper  at  length  transcribed  from 
a  Cotton  MS.  I  have  reposited  in  the  Appendix. 

But  further,  to  enlighten  this  singular  piece  of  history, 
wherein  not  only  England,  but  the  other  neighbouring 
kingdoms  had  their  shares ;  especially  since  our  historians, 
and  chiefly  Camden,  have  so  briefly  slipt  it  over.  The  rea- 
sons of  the  Scottish  queen's  restraint  and  troubles  queen 
Elizabeth  gave  in  her  instructions  to  the  lord  admiral,  go- 
inff  ambassador  into  France,  to  declare  the  same  to  that 
kinff ;  who  had  interceded  for  her  restoration :  "  That  it 
"  was  well  known  that  she  [the  queen]  was  often  well 
"  disposed  to  have  obtained  an  accord  betwixt  her  and  her 
"  subjects  of  Scotland.  And  that  always,  when  she  was 
"  most  earnest  to  have  done  her  pleasure  therein,  she  was 
"  most  ready  to  practise  against   her,  [the  queen,]  as  it 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  203 

"  seemed,  not  satisfied  with  the  recovery  of  her  own  coun-   cHAP. 
"  try,  without  the  practice  to  have  also  this  of  England,  as      ^^' 
"  by  manifest  proof  they,  the  lord  admiral  and  sir  Thomas  Anno  1572. 
"  Smith,  could  avow,  to  be  ready  to  be  shewed.    And  that 
"  thei-eupon  she  Avas  forced,  both  for  her  own  safety  and 
"  the  weal  of  her  realm,  to  take  another  course :  that  is,  to 
"  continue   her   favour   towards    the    king,    [the    Scottish 
"  queen's  son,  now  king  of  Scotland,]  having  been  accepted 
"  by  the  three  estates  in  full  parliament. 

"  That  she  [the  Scottish  queen]  had  of  late,  by  sundry  Her  mes- 
"  her  own  letters  to  the  duke  of  Alva,  and  by  her  ministers  ^p^^^j^^*" 
"  to  the  king  of  Spain,  laboured  to  oblige  that  king  to  at- 
"  tempt  to  break  the  amity  between  the  French  king  and 
"  the  realm  of  Scotland,  with  plain  assurance,  that  she 
"  would  not  in  any  wise  depend  upon  the  French  king. 
"  But  had  wholly  given  herself,  her  son,  and  realm,  so  far 
"  forth  as  she  could,  to  the  said  king  of  Spain.  And  to 
"  that  end  had  done  her  utmost  to  move  the  same  king 
"  to  send  forces  into  England,  to  join  such  as  she  promised 
"  should  be  aiding  thereunto,  to  surprise  her  son,  and  to 
"  carry  him  into  Spain  by  sea.  And  according  thereunto, 
"  the  duke  of  Alva  had  sent  several  men  to  peruse  the  ports 
"  in  Scotland  for  that  enterprise. 

"  That  as  for  the  Scottish  queen,  she  was  well  treated  The  Scot- 
"  for  her  diet,  and  other  things  meet  for  her  health,  how-^o^vlnler- 
"  ever  the  contrary  seemed  to  be  reported.  She  might  at  her  tained  in 

,  .  ,  ,1  1        ,.  ,  .     .  herconfine- 

"  pleasure  take  the  air  on  horseback ;  so  she  did  it  in  com-ment. 
"  pany  with  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury  [her  keeper.]  For  her 
"  diet,  it  was  such  as  her  own  ministers  did  and  would 
"  prepare  without  respect  of  charge.  Only  it  was  prohi- 
"  bited,  that  no  stranger  should  come  to  her,  to  practise 
"  with  them,  as  she  had  long  time  used.  And  yet  it  was 
"  found  daily  that  she  did  not  cease,  by  letters  and  mes- 
"  sages,  to  solicit  all  manner  of  things  for  her  purpose ;  as  by 
"  interception  now  and  then  of  letters  and  messages  was  to 
"  be  seen.  Among  which  were  found  her  continual  labours 
"  to  procure  her  son  to  be  stolen,  and  taken  away  into 


204      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  Spain;  besides  her  attempts  against  the  queen   herself 
^*        "  and  hei*  reahns." 


Anno  1572.      The  estates  then  (assembled  in  parliament)  did  solicit,  as 
The  pariia-  [y^f^yQ  tjigy  had  done,  her  maiesty,  both  in  respect  of  her- 

nient  solicit  *^  tf       ^ 

the  queen  self  and  whole  realm,  to  proceed  against  the  Scottish  queen 
hfvS  ^'"  %  o^^^^^  °^  justice.  Wherein  her  majesty  was  so  perplexed 
with  incessant  clamour,  and  request  of  her  people  in  that 
behalf,  as  she  was  marvellously  therewith  troubled.  As  of 
her  own  nature  she  had  been  found  (even  in  her  most  pri- 
vate causes,  and  where  her  person  had  been  in  danger)  not 
given  to  shew  any  vehemency  or  to  pursue  revenge ;  so  to 
refuse  the  universal  motion,  the  general  advice  and  exhor- 
tation of  her  states,  she  thought  it  no  small  hazard  of  their 
love. 
How  she  And  in  these  things  moreover  did  this  queen  disoblige 

ohJged  queen  Elizabeth.  First,  her  secret  seeking  of  marriage  with 
queen  Eli-  ^\^q  duke  of  Norfolk,  without  her  majesty's  knowledge,  even 
jog  at  that  time  that  her  majesty  was  travailing  to  compound 
her  causes  with  her  subjects.  And  after  that  her  majesty 
had  imprisoned  the  said  duke  for  that  attempt,  and  that 
her  practices  in  the  same  were  discovered ;  and  therewith  it 
was  not  unknown  to  the  queen  what  comfort  she  had  given 
to  her  majesty's  subjects  to  enter  into  rebellion,  as  they  did, 
[viz.  anno  1569 ;]  but  being  subdued  and  forced  to  fly,  they 
were  openly  maintained  in  Scotland  by  the  Scottish  queen's 
means.  Moreover,  it  was  notorious  how  the  queen,  by  sun- 
dry solicitations,  partly  of  herself,  and  partly  of  the  French 
king  and  his  ministers,  was  content  as  it  were  to  bury  the 
former  notable  injuries ;  and  did  newly  enter  most  earnestly 
to  treat  with  her  subjects  for  restitution ;  and  left  no  good 
turn  unessayed,  neither  by  request  nor  threatenings,  to 
move  them  to  accept  her  majesty's  earnestness  then  with  the 
nobility  of  Scotland,  professing  obedience  to  the  king  her 
^  son :  that  her  majesty  plainly  charged  them,  that  if  they 

would  not  condescend  to  her  motions  for  her,  she  would  ut- 
terly abandon  them ;  and  rather  be  a  party  against  them. 
Whereupon  they  were  entered  into  such  hard  terms,  as 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  205 

they  answered,  that  they  would  so  persist  in  their  obedi-    CHAP. 
ence  to  their  king,  as  they  would  venture  their  lives  in  the  ' 

quarrel.  Anno  1572. 

And  yet  finally,  by  some  persuasions,  they  were  induced 
to  accord  with  her  majesty,  that  a  parliament  should  be 
holden  with  as  much  speed  as  might  be.  And  there  these 
her  majesty's  motions  were  propounded.  And  certain  per- 
sons should  have  authority  to  treat  thereof  with  her  ma- 
jesty's counsellors.  Whereupon  her  majesty  did  look  for 
some  good  success.  But  before  it  could  be  granted  there- 
unto to  proceed,  her  majesty  discovered  daily  most  danger- 
ous attempts  of  treason,  both  against  her  person  and  realm, 
wholly  and  only  set  forth  by  the  said  Scottish  queen.  And 
she  found  these  new  treasons  intended,  and  almost  brought 
to  their  mischievous  perfection ;  by  not  only  renewing  the 
former  message  with  the  duke  of  Norfolk,  but  by  giving  or- 
der for  a  rebellion  and  invasion  of  this  realm.  All  which 
was  by  her  devised,  set  forth,  and  delivered  to  be  executed, 
even  in  the  very  same  time  that  her  majesty  did  deal  so 
earnestly  for  her  with  her  subjects ;  and  was  in  hope  to 
have  obtained  some  reasonable  end  for  her. 

So  also  had  she  now  discovered  the  truth  of  her  former 
practices,  in  stirring  of  the  first  rebellion,  only  to  have  by 
force  obtained  the  marriage,  and  with  the  same  force  sought 
the  crown.  This  will  give  a  true  light  into  the  displeasure 
of  the  queen  and  this  parliament  against  queen  Mary,  and 
open  the  just  reasons  thereof;  being  the  contents  of  the 
instructions  given  to  the  earl  of  Lincoln,  lord  admiral,  to 
shew  the  French  king  and  his  mother ;  who  had  fervently 
solicited  the  queen  to  be  favourable  to  her.  The  said  admi- 
ral, together  with  these  declarations  concerning  that  queen's 
practices,  shewed  the  French  king  a  letter  in  cipher,  which 
she  [the  Scottish  queen]  wrote  to  the  duke  of  Alva,  of  the 
matters  before  mentioned. 

And  yet  notwithstanding,  soon  after  the  Paris  massacre,  The  princes 
that  happened  but  some  months  after,  they  began  to  talk  in  ^^^.^  ^^ 
France,  that  it  would  be  a  deed  of  charity  for  the  princes  restore  her. 
catholic,  not  only  to  set  the  queen  of  Scots  at  liberty,  but  13,9 


206       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    also  to  restore  her  to  her  right:  whereupon  Walsingham, 

^-       the  ambassador  there,  wrote  to  secretary  Smith,  that  her 

Anno  1572.  majesty  was  not  ignorant  what  he  had  written,  touchmg 

the  opinion  of  wise  men,  what  was  to  be  done  in  that  be- 

Fears  of  a    half  for  her  own  safety.    "  If  the  sore  be  not  salved,  I  fear, 

massacre.     ^^  ^^_^.^^  j^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^  j^^^^^  ^  Bartholomew  breakfast,  or  a  Flo- 

"  rence   banquet ;"  that  is,  that   such   a  bloody  massacre 

was  like  to  ensue  in  England  as  those  were. 

A  talk  that      And  SO,  indeed,  in  the  month  of  December,  there  was 

Ijueel'muSmwch  talk  that  this  queen  must  die,  the  nation,  both  queen 

suffer.         and  subjects,  having  been  terrified  with  the  late  barbarity 

in   Paris  against   the  protestants,  and  she  continuing  her 

practices.    And  so  De  la  Mot,  the  French  ambassador  in 

England,  advertised,  that  her  majesty's  meaning  was,  that 

that    queen    should    suffer;    and    that    the    matters   found 

against  her  were  so  great,  that  it  was  generally  talked  of, 

and  thought  that  she  should  have  been  executed.    Which 

when  the  report  thereof  was  brought  to  France,  they,  her 

friends   there,  discoursed   among  themselves,  that  it  were 

good  to  stay  the  noblemen  that  should  be  sent  thither  by 

her  majesty  to  christen  that  king's  son,  to  stand  proxies  for 

her,  (as  that  king  had  desired  of  the  cjueen,)  as  a  pledge 

for  that  queen's  safety :  for  so  Walsingham  hinted  to  the 

lord  treasurer,  December  28.    For  now,  after  the  massacre 

in  France,  and  the  queen  of  Scots  holding  correspondence 

with  the  pope  and  France,  and  the  secret  false  dealing  of 

the  French,  more  severe  thoughts  were  taken  up  against 

that  queen ;  and   she  was   very  diligently  watched  by  the 

earl  of  Shrewsbury,  to  whom  was  committed  the  keeping  of 

her. 

Earl  of  This  nobleman  was  very  trusty  and  faithful ;  and  took 

bllryrthe     diligent  notice  of  letters  sent  her,  and  many  other  corre- 

Scottish      spondencics  from  abroad  ;  and  had  also  frequent  discourses 

(lueen's  *  ,  /.,.,,  •        ^^^  ..iii^ 

keeper,  witli  her ;  of  which  he  gave  intelligence  to  the  lord  trea- 
gives  intei-        ^j.  pu^ghlev  from  time  to  time.    In  one  of  his  letters  he 

ligence  of  o       j  i      i         i        • 

her  to  writ ;  "  That  she  seemed  nnich  discontented,  that  having 
EpS'.  Com."  siii'^i'y  tim'-'*^  written  to  the  queen's  majesty,  she  was 
Salop,  in      u  ^cither  answered,  nor  suffered  to  receive  money  out  of 


Olhc.  Ar- 
mor 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  207 

"  France,  nor  things  needful  for  her  use.    So  that  she  could    CHAP. 

.  .  •  •  •     •  XV 

"^  not  with  good  patience  write  to  her  majesty  at  this  time. 


"  That  within  a  few  days  she  was  become  more  melancholic  Anno  1572. 

"  than  of  long  time  before,  and  complained  of  her  wrongs 

"  and  dishonour :  and  for  remedy  thereof  seemed  not  to 

"  trust  her  majesty,  but  altogether  hoped  of  foreign  power. 

"  That  by  her  talk  she  would  make  appear,  that  both  Spain 

*'  and  France  stood  her  and  her  son"'s  friends:  and  that 

"  to  keep  them  both  her  friends  alike,  forbore  to  write  to 

"  any  of  them.    That  she  would  persuade,  that  Spain  in 

"  Ireland,  and  France  in  Scotland,  intended  some  attempts. 

"  For  to  Ireland,  she  said,  the  pope  long  since  gave  licence 

"  for  the  king  of  Spain  as  his  right.     He  added,  that  this 

"  speech  of  hers  was  not  without  her  accustomed  threaten- 

"  ing;  nor  that  she  shewed  less  enmity  than  of  old." 

He  proceeded :  "  My  lord,  this  sudden  disposition  to 
"  talk  so  fairly  of  these  matters,  whereof  she  a  long  time 
"  had  scarcely  seemed  to  think,  (no  occasion  thereof  being 
"  given  by  me,)  presumeth  some  intended  practice  of  hers 
"  lately  overthrown.  For  sure  I  am,  her  melancholy  and 
"  grief  is  greater  than  she  in  words  uttereth.  And  yet  ra-  140 
"  ther  than  continue  this  imprisonment,  she  sticks  not  to 
"  say,  she  will  give  her  body,  son,  and  country,  for  liberty. 

"  And  here  she  infers,  that This  she  gives  out,  to 

"  move  some  fear.    God  preserve  the  queen's  majesty  long 
"  in  health." 

And  in  another  letter  by  the  same  earl,  written  in  Fe- 
bruary this  year,  upon  a  letter  from  the  French  ambassador 
to  her,  (which  the  lord  treasurer  had  sent  the  earl  to  de- 
liver to  her,)  and  which  she  read  in  his  sight,  he  writes, 
that  she  said  thereupon,  "  How  she  perceived,  that  am- Discourse 
"  bassador  was  informed  of  great  sums  of  money  re-g^,."^j^j 
"  ceived  out  of  France  into  this  realm  to  her  use,  as  forty  •'"  about 

11  11  ^111        monies  re- 

"  thousand  crowns,  known  by  some  means  01   the  duke,  ceived  by 

"  Truly,  said  she,  I  received  not  so  much.  But  if  the  duke  ''"^'V    ^, 

•^ '  '  _  _  Epist.  Com. 

"  said  so,  quoth  she,  I  will  not  deny  it.    Then  she  made  a  Salop,  ubi 
"  long  discourse  of  the  money  she  spent  by  the  bishop  of*"^'^*" 
"  Rosse,  termed  her  ambassador,  and  the  bishop  of  Gall- 


208       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  way,  with  other  her  commissioners,  and  gifts  also  to  her 
^'  "  servants :  which  by  her  long  tale  amounted,  I  dare  say, 
Anno  1672."  (writeth  the  earl,)  to  double  the  said  sum.  He  [the  earl] 
"  told  her  then  plainly,  that  he  had  heard  by  sundry  reports 
"  of  divers  sums  of  money  to  be  secretly  conveyed  from  time 
"  to  time  into  this  realm,  to  be  employed  for  practices,  to 
"  her  use.  Which  being  found  true,  or  any  part  thereof,  he 
"  said,  she  was  of  good  reason  to  blame  her  own  self  for 
"  her  wants,  and  none  other.  Nay,  said  she  then,  let  them 
"  never  be  afraid  (which  she  repeated  divers  times)  of  any 
"  money  that  I  will  have  come  into  England.  For  I  have 
"  given  sure  order,  that  all  which  I  can  make  shall  be  em- 
"  ployed  in  my  service  in  Scotland ;  which  shall  not  be  de- 
"  feated  for  ought  they  can  do. 

"  The  earl  said  again,  that  he  spake  not  for  any  fear  that 
"  was  any  way  to  be  had  in  the  matter :  and  that  if  she 
"  thought  so,  she  was  much  deceived.  But  his  speaking  of 
"  those  reports  was,  to  move  her  the  better  to  consider  with 
"  herself  where  the  fault  was,  if  she  wanted.  Whereunto 
"  she  replied  not.  But  entered  then  into  her  wonted  con- 
"  jectures,  and  said,  I  see  now  they  go  about  some  exploit, 
"  to  be  done  in  Scotland  against  me.  And  therefore  would 
"  find  means  to  hinder  the  coming  of  money  to  me,  as  out 
"  of  France.  But,  said  she,  I  have  taken  sure  order  for 
"  their  relief  in  Scotland.  And  that  the  same  may  be  the 
"  more  large  unto  them,  I  will  spend  on  myself  here  as  little 
"  as  I  can. 

"  The  earl  asked  her  if  she  knew  of  any  such  intention 
"  or  act  in  doing  in  Scotland  against  her.  But  he  could 
"  not  perceive  by  her  answer  that  she  understood  any 
"  thing  either  of  the  present  sieges,  or  otherwise  of  weight ; 
"  but  only  occupied  herself  with  suspicion,  according  to  her 
*'  old  customs. 

"  As  concerning  her  sending  into  France,  or  the  coming 
"  of  any  from  thence  unto  her,  he  could  not  but  think 
"  much  danger  in  either  of  them.  For  that  certainly  what- 
"  soever  she  pleaded  of  wants  for  herself  and  hers,  her  very 
"  meaning  and  desire  is  of  intelligence  and  practice  for  her 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  209 

purpose,  not  tolerable.  Albeit,  if  her  majesty,  of  her  plea-    CHAP, 
sure,  will  needs  grant  licence  for  one  of  these  two  ways. 


"  his  opinion  was,  that  the  sending  thither  of  some  such  Anno  1572. 
"  her  servants  were  most  meet  for  providing  her  apparel 
"  and   receipt   of  money  necessary ;  so  that  they  be  not 

" For  sometimes  discourses  were  of  less  danger 

"  than  the  coming  of  some  expert  persons  from  thence,  that  141 
*'  could  not  upon  the  sudden  be  judged  of  as  Avell  known 
"  here.  But  seeing  such  dangers  to  be,  either  in  sending  or 
"  coming,  he  must,  he  said,  of  good  reason  conclude  with 
"  his  lordship,  the  best  way  to  be,  that  she  might  be  li- 
"  censed  to  have  some  money  brought  from  France  to  her, 
*'  to  serve  for  her  necessaries.  And  that  her  majesty  was 
"  now  the  more  inclined  to  be  suspicious  of  her  doings,  he 
"  could  not  but  think  she  had  great  cause  so  to  do,  not 
"  only  remembering  that  which  is  past,  but  also  expecting 
"  the  return  of  the  cardinal  of  Lorain,  with  the  rest  of  that 
"  house,  and  herself  also  principally ;  with  the  cruel  inten- 
"  tions  of  every  of  them,  well  known  to  be  toward  her  ma- 
"  jesty,  and  the  state  of  this  realm,  if  they  had  power  and 
"  liberty  to  serve  to  their  wills.  This  was  dated  from  Shef- 
"  field  castle  the  20th  of  February,  1572." 

And  by  way  of  postscript,  he  writes,  that  when  he  was 
about  to  seal  up  this  letter,  she  sent  for  him,  and  at  his 
coming  brast  out  with  complaints  of  her  estate  ;  especially, 
how  she  was  not  well  used  in  France,  by  such  as  she  had 
put  in  trust  touching  her  living  there;  saying,  that  her 
uncle,  the  cardinal,  who  chiefly  pretended  good-will  unto 
her,  did  so  dispose  her  profits  and  casualties  there,  at  his 
own  liberty,  as  nothing  thereof  came  to  her  necessary  use. 
Wherefore  she  desired,  that  her  new  officer,  whom  she  had 
lately  put  in  trust  about  her  living,  might  have  licence  to 
come  and  declare  her  state  unto  her.  The  name  of  this  her 
new  officer,  she  said,  was  monsieur  de  Verge.  This  seems 
to  have  been  her  device,  to  let  in  some  intelligence  from 
France  unto  her. 

And  good  reason  there  was  for  these  suspicions  of  mes- 
sengers from  France,  since  the  state  had  experience  before 

VOL.  II.  P 


210       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    this,   of  the   dangers   of  messages   brought    to   her  from 
thence.    One  whereof  was  in  the  month  of  December,  when 


Anno  1572. information  was  given  by  Walsingham,  ambassador  then  in 
Linen  sent  France,  that  there  was  hnen  to  be  sent  to  her  from  thence : 
queen ;  and  that  he  liad  discovered  one  that  carried  the  box  where- 
with secret  jj^  jj.  ^,^g  p^j. .   which  witliin  three  or  foiu*  days  departed 

writing  in  '^  ....  i        i       i  i 

it.  thence.    And  communicatmg  this  to  the  lord  treasurer  he 

told  him,  that  he  thought  they  Mould  see  somewhat  written 
in  some  of  the  linen,  contained  in  the  same  box,  that  slioidd 
be  worth  the  reading;  and  cunningly  advising,  that  her 
majesty,  under  colour  of  seeing  the  fashion  of  the  ruffs, 
might  cause  the  several  pieces  of  linen  to  be  holden  before  a 
fire,  whereby  the  writing  might  appear.  For  that  he  judged 
there  would  be  some  matter  discovered ;  which  made  him 
the  more  willing,  as  lie  said,  to  grant  the  passport. 


142  CHAP.   XVI. 

A  league  offensive  and  defensive  xvith  France.  Delibera- 
tion about  the  assistance  of  the  prince  of  Orange.  Duke 
Montmorancy  comes  over  ambassador.  His  reception. 
Sir  Philip  Sydney  goes  into  France  with  the  English 
ambassador.  A  motion  made  by  the  French  ambassador 
for  duke  d'Alen^on's  matching  xvith  the  queen.  His  qua- 
lities. Lord  Binghley''s  thoughts  and  advice  concerning 
it.  The  queen  irresolute.  Sir  Philip  Sydney''s  letter  to 
her  against  the  match  with  France.  Cases  of  conscience 
in  respect  erf  marrying  with  a  papist;  and  suffering 
mass  to  be  said.    AnsiceredJ'avourably. 

W  E  will  now  return  a  little  backward  towards  the  begin- 
ning of  this  year,  to  take  a  view  of  the  weighty  affairs  be- 
tween France  and  England. 
A  league  Sir  Tliomas  Smith  and  INIr.  Walsingham  were  both  now 

Fr^anceV  '  i"  France,  soliciting  a  good  league  between  the  two  king- 
doms ;  and  in  the  month  of  April  effected  it.  Which  was 
looked  upon  as  an  happy  effect  for  this  land.  Smith  certi- 
fied the  lord  treasurer,  that  at  last  they  had  concluded  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  211 

league.    In  this  league  the  French  obliged  themselves  not    c  H  A  P. 
to  assist  the  Scottish  queen ;  being  content  to  make  no  men-      ^^^- 
tion  of  her,  or  of  being  her  friend  and  ally;  but  gave  her  Anno  1572. 
over  to  the  queen^'s  majesty,  whatsoever  demands  they  had 
made  for  her  before.    And  in  all  things  they  relented  to  her 
majesty ""s  desire ;  as  Smith  wrote ;  so  that  they  might  have 
colour  to  save  the  king  their  master's  honour.    And  here- 
upon the  said  ambassador  added,  he  hoped  and  trusted,  it 
was  the  best  league  that  ever  was  made  with  France,  or  any 
other  nation,  for  her  majesty ""s  surety.    And  within  a  day  or 
two  after,  they  hoped  to  sign  the  treaty.     This  was  writ 
April  17;  and  April  20,  Smith  writeth  the  same  from  Blois 
to  the  queen. 

The    French   king's   commissaries   at    this  treaty  were,  The  terms 
Francis  duke  of  Montmorancy,  Renatus  Byragus,  Sebastian  tj'^j,^*^""  it' 
de  Laubespine,  eplscop.  Lemovicensis,  and  Paulus  de  Foix.  Cott.  ubr. 
The  queen's  were,  the  said  Smith  and  Walsingham.    This         ' 
was  a  confederacy,  league,  and  union,  for  mvitual  defence, 
against  all  persons  of  what  order  soever ;  who  under  any 
pretence  whatsoever,  and  any  cause,  none  excepted,  do  in- 
vade or  shall  invade,  the  persons,  or  territories  by  them 
possessed.    And  this  league   to  remain  firm,  not  only  be- 
tween the  said  princes,  while  they  live,  but  also  between 
their  successors ;  if  the  successor  shall  signify  to  the  survi- 
vor within  a  year,  by  ambassadors  and  letters,  that  he  re- 
ceiveth  the  same  conditions.    Otherwise  the  survivor  shall 
be  understood  to  be  free  of  the  observation  of  this  league. 
And   that  the   French  should  innovate   nothing  in  Scot- 
land. 

In  the  next  month.  May  the  7th,  the  said  ambassador,  I43 
Smith,  reflecting;  upon  the  benefit  of  this  league,  used  these '^i^^  i^^n^fit 

1  n^l  ■  •  1    1  •  of  this 

words ;  "  That  now  it  could  not  be  said,  her  majesty  was  al- league. 
"  together  alone,  having  so  good  a  defence,  of  so  noble  and 
"  courageous  a  prince,  and  so  faithful  of  his  word,  and  so 
"  near  a  neighbour,  provided  for,  and  bespoken  beforehand 
"  against  any  need,  partly  that  [of  the  Scottish  queen]  and 
"  partly  the  troubles  in  Flanders.  Which  God,  he  said, 
"  had  provided  to  deliver  his  poor  servants  there  from  the 

p2 


212       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  Aiitichristian  tyranny."    But  our  ambassador,  liowever 
wary  cnougli,  and  suspicious  of  that  court,  saw  not  yet  the 


Anno  157  2.  dissimulation  of  that  French  potentate. 

Deiibera-         But  as  this  supposed  good  understanding  with  France 

sistaiice  of'  ^^^^  "^^^'  effected  for  England,  so  it  wanted  defence  from 

the  prince    another  implacable  and  more  formidable  enemy,  the  power- 

"  '  fill  monarch  of  Spain.    In  order  to  which,  another  great 

matter  was  now  in  hand,  and  under  consultation ;  namely, 

concerning  assisting  the  prince  of  Orange ;  who  headed  the 

free  people   of   the   Low  Countries,  intolerably  oppressed 

and    tyrannized    over    by  duke  d'Alva,  the   king's   great 

officer  there.    And  because  France,  equally  widi  England, 

was  in  danger  from  that  insulting  prince,  it  Avas  laboured, 

that  both  kingdoms  should  assist  the  said  prince  of  Orange. 

Waising-         Walsingham  is  (now  in  May)  persuading  the  lord  Burgh- 
ham  moves  ...,,  .,..  „, 
it  to  the      ley  to  join  with  them  in  their  resistance  or  tliat  oppressive 

lord  Burgh-  (Juke,  and  for  aidino;  them  of  the  Low  Countries.     He  sent 

ley,  inoriler  '  "  •  i  i  • 

to  the  safety  a  messenger  that  month,  thi-oughly  instructed  touching 
of  England,  ^j^^  ^^^^^  ^£  ^l^^^  country,  and  the  proceedings  in  Flanders ; 
and  that  he  hoped,  after  that  he  had  throughly  debated 
the  matter  with  him,  it  would  manifestly  appear  unto  him, 
that  upon  the  good  or  evil  success  of  this  common  cause  of 
religion,  and  without  the  same  Avell  proceeded,  her  majesty 
could  not  promise  to  herself  any  great  safety,  having  so 
dangerous  a  neighbour ;  whose  greatness  should  receive 
no  small  increase,  if  he  overcame  this  brunt.  And  in  another 
letter  he  Avrit,  that  he  perceived,  that  if  there  Avere  no  as- 
sistance given  underhand  by  her  majesty,  they  should  be 
driven  to  such  inconveniences  as  should  be  laid  upon  them 
by  the  nation  of  France :  and  further,  that  they  should  be 
forced  to  consent  to  have  Strozzi  [a  sea-commander  belong- 
ing to  the  French]  in  Zealand ;  unless  they  might  have  some 
supplies  elsewhere. 
That  it  And  in  July  he  acquainted  the  same  lord,  that  one  of 

concerned  i-y         .i-i  r-  ,-r«'T  •-  c 

France  and  g^at  credit,  (sent  thither,  [i.  e.  to  Fans,]  as  it  seems,  trom 
England  to  tj^g  prince  of  Orano-e,)  told  him,  that  it  behoved  the  queen 

join  in  aid-  .  *^,        „  ,     ,  •  ,      ,    .      ,        .  .        .    .  „ 

ing  the       and  the  French  king  to  consult  jointly,  in  maintaining  oi 
''"'"''■'■        that  prince's  enterprise.    For  that  otherwise  he  saw  many 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  21S 

reasons  to  induce  him  to  think,  that  it  would  be  dangerous    chap. 
to   them  both  ;  especially  to  her  majesty,  considering  the 


practices  that  reigned  in  her  own  country.  Anno  1572. 

Walsingham  shewing  his  zeal  in  this  cause,  Avrote  also  in  Waisin^'- 

this  aforesaid  month  to  the  great  earl  of  Leicester,  to  the  cester,  to 

like  purpose:   "That  to  suffer   that  prince    to   miscarry,  ^'"^  s^'"*^ 

•  1  1111  T  1  P^i'pose. 

"  knowmg  our  own  danger,  were  to  lack  both  policy  andjuiyae. 

"  magnanimity.  That  we  could  not  deny,  but  upon  that 
"  that  lately  was  discovered,  if  God  had  not  raised  up  that 
"  prince  of  Orange  to  entertain  Spain,  a  dangerous  [flame] 
"  ere  this  time  had  been  kindled  in  her  own  home.  To  as-  144 
"  sist  him  therefore,  added  he,  was  to  assist  ourselves.  For 
"  that  we  were  to  run  one  fortune  with  him.  The  difference 
"  was,  that  by  miscarriage  the  mischief  should  first  touch 
"  him,  and  then,  consequently,  as  many  of  us  as  profess 
"  one  religion  with  him.  For  the  supply  that  was  given 
"  by  the  pope,  Florence,  and  divers  catholic  princes  in 
"  Germany,  shewed,  that  the  quarrel  was  mixed,  and  con- 
"  sisted  as  well  of  religion  as  of  state.  That  they  failed 
"  not  to  make  distinction  thereof.  And  therein,  said  he, 
"  they  shewed  their  courage  and  zeal.  But  contrariwise, 
"  we  [i.  e.  of  the  English  court]  do  nothing  underhand ; 
"  and  thereby  we  did  discover  both  lack  of  zeal  and  cou- 
"  rage."  And  here  he  made  an  observation ;  "  that  no  coun- 
"  sellor's  enterprise  accompanied  with  fear  had  ever  good 
"  success.  For  there  could  be  no  greater  enemy  to  sound 
"  counsel  than  fear.'"'  And  then,  speaking  of  the  endeavours 
of  those  of  Flanders  made  to  the  French  king,  to  assist 
that  prince,  and  about  the  queen's  joining  with  that  king 
therein;  "  Surely,  said  he,  though  it  import  that  king 
"  very  much  to  look  to  it,  yet  that  it  more  imported  her 
"  majesty,  and  to  look  for  nothing  else  (Spain  overcoming 
"  this  brunt)  than  the  extremity  of  such  mischief  as  he  could 
"  work  her."  And  so  he  excites  the  earl  of  Leicester  to  for- 
ward this  cause. 

And  that  these  apprehensions  of  Walsingham  were  not  The  pope's 
groundless,  in   the   month   of  May,  he    sent    over    from  against 
France  to  the  lord  Burghley  a  gentleman,  and  with  him  England. 

p3 


214       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    certain  advices  out  of  Germany  and  Switzerland,  which  he 
had  received,  and  that  gentleman  was  privy  to.    Whereby 


Anno  1572.  his  lordship  might  perceive,  that  the  holy  father''s  intention 

was,  not  only  to  trouble  England,  but  all  other  places  that 

professed  the  gospel.    But  now  to  return  to  this  laboured 

friendship  with  France. 

The  com-        This  league  was  afterwards  confirmed  and  signed  by  very 

sent  for  the  honourable  ambassadors  sent  over  on  both  sides ;  viz.  Mont- 

signing  oi    morancy  from  France,  and  the  lord  admiral  from  England. 

There   were   other   commissioners   appointed   to   go   with 

Mon.Bat-    Montmorancv.   One  whereof  was  monsieur  de  Battaile,  who 

taile  . 

died  before  he  went.  Of  whom,  this  may  en  passant  "be 
mentioned  :  that  having  dissembled  his  religion,  either  for 
fear  or  interest,  before  his  death  he  much  lamented  the 
same ;  and  gave  his  advice  to  those  about  him,  to  resort  to 
the  reformed  churches,  and  to  bring  up  their  children  in 
the  religion  professed  by  the  same ;  as  Walsingham  thought 
fit  to  impart  in  one  of  his  letters  from  France. 
Tiie  recep-       Great  expectation  there  was  of  the  coming  of  these  am- 

tion  of  \  ,     •  1  •        1  •  1 

Montmo-  bassadors ;  the  queen  bemg  determmed  to  receive  them 
rancy  here,  ygj.y  splendidly.  At  Dover  were  her  officers  of  the  house- 
hold ;  and  provisions  there  made  for  them.  The  earl  of 
Pembroke,  lord  Windsor,  lord  Buckhurst,  were  there  also 
with  great  and  mighty  trains.  And  the  delay  of  the  French 
(who  made  some  stay  in  their  coming)  put  the  queen  to 
vast  charges.  To  court  also  at  this  time  came  flockins; 
such  levies  of  ladies  to  attend,  as  their  husbands  cursed  the 
delay,  as  the  lord  Burghley  said  between  jest  and  earnest. 
Duke  Montmorancy,  with  all  his  train,  to  the  number  of 
forty,  was  received  with  great  honour,  being  entertained  for 
meat  and  drink,  each  in  their  degrees;  as  it  was  to  be  af- 
145  firmed,  (as  the  lord  Burghley  writ),  the  like  had  not  been 
seen  in  any  man's  memory.  That  honour  also  done  to  him 
was  such  as  her  majesty  could  not  do  more,  namely,  in  her 
courteous  using  of  him,  and  by  appointing  sundry  sorts  of 
the  nobility  to  attend  him.  The  earl  of  Leicester  feasted 
him.  And  at  midsunniier  the  lord  treasurer  also  feasted 
him  and  all  his  gentlemen,  with  a  collation  of  all  things 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  215 

that  he  could   procure,  beino;  not  flesh;  to  observe  their    CHAP. 

^                                                                                XVI. 
manner.  


His  reward  (though  not  so  great  as  the  lord  treasurer  Anno  1572. 
could  have  wished)  was  a  cupboard  of  plate  gilt ;  a  great 
cup  of  gold,  of  one  hundred  and  eleven  ounces ;  and  mon- 
sieur de  Foix's  was  a  cupboard  of  plate. 

The  admiral  that  now  went  to  France  was  accompanied  Sir  Philip 
with  many  young  English  gentlemen ;  and  among  the  rest,  i,jto  France 
sir  Philip  Sidney,  then  but  young,  about  eighteen.  The  t*' t''^^^'- 
earl  of  Leicester  his  uncle  writ  to  Walsingham  at  his  go- 
ing, tenderly,  concerning  him,  to  this  tenor :  "  That  foras- 
"  much  as  his  nephew,  Philip  Sidney,  was  licensed  to  tra- 
"  vel,  and  did  presently  repair  unto  those  parts  with  the 
"  lord  admiral,  he  had  thought  good  to  commend  him  by 
*'  those  his  letters  friendly  unto  him,  as  unto  one  he  was 
"  well  assured  would  have  a  special  care  of  him  during  his 
*'  abode  there.  That  he  was  yovmg  and  raw,  and  no  doubt 
"  should  find  those  countries  and  the  demeanour  of  the 
"  people  somewhat  strange  to  him.  And  that  therefore  his 
"  [Walsingham''s]  good  advice  and  counsel  should  greatly 
"  behove  him  for  his  best  directions.  Which  he  [the  earl] 
"  did  most  heartily  pray  him  to  vouchsafe  him,  with  any 
"  friendly  assistance  he  should  see  needful  for  him.  That 
"  his  father  and  he  [the  earl]  did  intend  his  further  travel, 
"  if  the  world  were  quiet,  and  he  [Walsingham]  should 
"  think  it  convenient  for  him.  Otherwise  they  prayed  him, 
"  that  they  might  be  advertised  thereof;  to  the  end  the 
"  same  (his  travels)  might  be  thereupon  directed  accord- 
"  ingly."  What  experience  this  young  gentleman  learned 
in  France,  and  the  small  esteem  he  had  for  that  court,  we 
shall  hear  by  and  by. 

While  Montmorancy  was  hei'e,  transacting  and  confirming  a  motion  of 
the  treaty,  another  very  weighty  matter  was  in  hand  ;  '^^nfie-^^^^^^'^j^jj^^' 
Jy,  an  earnest  motion  made  by  him  for  the  queen's  match-  queen  and 
ing  with  duke  d''Alen9on,  the  French  king's  younger  bro-j^jj^^^ 
ther ;   (who  was  now  but  seventeen  years  of  age.)    A  mat- 
ter very  acceptable  to  many  of  the  queen's  subjects;  and 
of  the  wisest  and  carefulest  sort.    Of  those  were  the  lord 

p  4 


21G       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    Biirghley  and  Walsingham.    By  the  latter  of  these  he  was 
^'        described  advantageously,  the  better  to  recommend  him  to 
Anno  1572.  the  English  court.    That  for  his  stature  and  proportion,  he 
left  it  to  be  expressed  by  word  of  mouth  by  sir  Thomas 
Smith,  Mr.  Killigrcw,  and  others,  who  had  been  lately  in 
His  quaii-    France  and  seen  him.    That  as  for  his  conditions,  generally, 
*oiidi"ioiis    ^^is  opinion  was  conceived  of  him,  that  he  was  of  as  good 
and  tractable  a  disposition  as  any,  either  prince  or  gentle- 
man, in  France ;  and  withal,  both  wise  and  stout,  and  sub- 
ject to  the  French  lightness.    So  that  they  did  apply  to  him 
the  French    proverb,   Qiril  a   dc  plume  en  son  cerceau. 
That  he  Avas  confiraied  in  it  (beside  the  general  opinon)  by 
the  admiral  [Coligni,]  count  Rochefoucault,  Tilligny,  and 
146  others  of  the   best  judgment  of  the   religion,  with    their 
earnest  protestation  ;  so  that  he  could  not  but  credit  the 
same. 
Admiral  The  admiral   debated  with  "Walsingham  (as  he  farther 

eames"tfor   related  to  the  lord  Burghley)  in  this  matter;  and  protested 
»t-  sundry  times  to  him,  calling  God  to  witness,  that  he  would 

not  advise  the  queen  unto  it,  if  he  thought  it  would  not 
prove  both  honourable,  profitable,  and  comfortable,  and  for 
His  reii-      her  safety.    And  for   his  religion,  they  had  great  hope, 
^'°""  grounded  upon  good  conjectiu'e,  that  he  was  easy  to  be  re- 

duced to  the  knowledge  of  the  truth.    Walsingham  added, 
that  for  his  part  he  had  many  great  reasons  to  induce  him 
to  think,  that  if  there  were  no  other  impediments  than  the 
use  of  his  mass,  that  he  would  be  easily  induced  to  embrace 
the  same. 
His  affcc-         And  touching  his  affection  towards  the  queen,  Walsing- 
wanis"the    ^^^"^  ^^^^  informed,  that  where  it  had  been  objected  to  him, 
(iiR-cn.         that  he  would  be  glad  to  have  the  title  of  a  king;  he  pro- 
tested, that  if  lie  were  not  moved  with  a  great  and  honour- 
able report  of  her  majesty''s  rare  virtues,  more  than  at  any 
desires  he  had  to  a  kingdom,  he  would  never  have  desired 
the  king,  nor  the  queen  his  mother,  to  have  made  any  men- 
tion thereof. 
The  inciln-      Touching  the  devotions  of  his  followers  and  servants  to- 
iiis  ser-       wards  the  propounded  match,  Walsingham  tells,  how  he 

rants. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  217 

was  informed,  that  they  also  earnestly  desired  the  same;    CHAP. 

especially  those  whose  advice  he  chiefly  used.   Who  though ;__ 

they  were  not  of  the  religion,  yet  were  not  enemies  to  the  Anno  1572. 
same ;  and  rather  inclined  that  way  than  otherwise.    Of  the 
which  a  dozen  of  them  were  discharged  of  his  brother's  ser- 
vice in  respect  thereof. 

All  this  was  in  answer  to  what  the  lord  treasurer  Burgh- Lord  Burgh- 

lev's  IQ— 

ley  had  writ  to  Walsingham ;  being  willed  by  the  greatest  q„iries.a„d 
to  require  the  said  ambassador  to  use  all  good  means  pos-  *!|?"=^^*  °^ 
sible  to  understand  what  he  could  of  that  duke,  viz.  of  his 
age,  his  stature,  his  conditions,  his  inclination  to  religion, 
his  devotion  this  way,  the  devotion  of  his  followers  and  ser- 
vitors. And  hereof  her  majesty  sought  speedily  to  be  ad- 
vertised. That  she  might  resolve  within  a  month.  For  the 
ambassadors,  upon  their  going  home,  did  what  they  could 
in  that  matter.  Whereunto  they  had  neither  yea  nor  nay, 
but  delay  only  for  a  month.  That  wise  lord's  present 
thoughts  were,  (as  he  signified  in  his  correspondence  to  that 
English  ambassador,)  that  he  could  not  see  in  her  majesty 
at  that  time  any  lack  towards  this,  but  in  opinion  for  the 
age.  Which  defect,  if  it  might  be  suppiied  with  some  re- 
compence,  it  were  meet  to  be  thought  of.  He  wished  we 
mio-ht  have  Calais  to  the  issue  of  their  bodies :  and  he  to  be 
governor  thereof  during  his  life  :  so  as  the  English  might 
have  security  for  their  staple  there.  He  wished  also,  that 
secretly  the  queen's  majesty  might  be  assured,  that  (al- 
though there  be  no  contract  therefore,)  he  would  hear  no 
mass  after  his  marriage. 

But  however  this  lord  and  tliat  ambassador  laboured  to  The  differ- 
bring  this  marriage  about,  the  queen,  it  appeared  now  by  ^1^,;,^^^  ^^''y'^ 
the  month  of  July,  had  httle  inclination  unto  it.    The  dif-  the  queen, 
ference  of  age  undoubtedly  might  be  one  cause.    And  thus 
did  that  lord  express  his  mind  in  this  matter  to  that  ambas- 
sador in  the  month  aforesaid:  "  That  the  queen  found  the  14/ 
"  marriage  to  be  necessary  for  her ;  and  yet  the  opinion  of 
"  others  misliking  of  that  party,  for  the  person,  did  more 
*'  hinder  her  purpose  than  her  own  conceit.    And  that  he 
"  saw  such  difficulties  on  both  sides,  that  he  could  make  no 


218       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1572 


Sir  Philip 
Sydney  to 
the  queen, 
dissuading 
her  from 
marriage. 


MSS.  Mich 
Hicks,  eq. 


"  choice  for  no  marriage.  That  all  evils  must  be  looked 
"  for;  and  for  marriage  without  liking,  no  good  could  be 
"  hoped  thence.  Therefore  to  God  he  left  it.  He  saw,  as 
"  he  added,  his  negotiations  tliere  full  of  perplexities ;  and 
"  prayed  God  to  direct  him :  for  he  found  the  queen  very 
"  irresolute." 

Surely  all  this  present  negotiation  about  marriage  was 
rather  to  blind  the  queen"'s  and  every  Englishraan''s  eyes, 
against  the  bloody  massacre  that  was  now  hatching,  and  the 
next  month  executed.  And  further  to  blind  her  eyes,  a 
messenger  was  sent  this  month  to  the  queen,  to  tell  her  of 
the  intended  marriage  of  the  lady  Margaret  with  the  king  of 
Navarr,  as  though  it  was  going  now  to  be  fair  weather  with 
the  protestants. 

These  amours  were  continued  both  this  year  and  the 
next.  I  will  draw  what  I  find  more  of  it  into  this  place.  In 
the  midst  of  this  wooing  happened  the  bai'barous  and  in- 
human massacre  in  France,  which  justly  put  a  stop  to  it : 
the  English  nation  abhorring  the  action,  and  all  those  that 
were  concerned  in  it.  Among  the  rest,  young  Philip  Syd- 
ney, that  was  at  Paris  at  the  execution,  took  the  freedom  to 
express  his  mind  to  the  queen  not  long  after,  in  a  private 
letter,  shewing  his  dissuasion  from  matching  there,  though 
witli  all  humble  and  dutiful  address.  The  contents  whereof, 
and  some  remarkable  sentences,  I  have  met  with  among 
some  papers  of  sir  Michael  Hicks,  sometime  secretary  to  the 
lord  Burghley  ;  which  I  shall  here  set  down,  (in  the  want  of 
the  complete  letter,)  both  to  give  a  light  into  this  matter, 
and  to  preserve  any  remainders  of  that  incomparable  man. 

"  To  arm  an  excuse  with  reasons,  were  to  acknoAvledge 
"  that  I  did  willingly  amiss.  It  were  folly  to  lay  on  fair 
"  colours,  where  judgment  is  so  ready  to  discern  of  the 
"  thing  itself,  &c.  Therefore  bearing  no  other  olive  branch 
"  of  intercessions  than  my  unfeigned  good-will,  nor  using 
"  any  other  information,  &c.  A  matter  of  great  import- 
"  ance,  importing  both  the  continuance  of  your  safety,  and 
"  the  joys  of  my  life ;  shallow  words,  springing  from  the 
"  deep  well  of  affection.     Having  travailed   long  time  in 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  219 

"  thouoht  do  now  declare;    not  able  to   suppress  it  any    CHAP. 
longer,  it  striveth  so  vehemently  to  discover  itself. 


"  Nothing  can  be  added  to  your  estate,  being  already  an  Anno  1572. 
"  absolute  born,  and  accordingly  reputed  princess.     As  the 
"  Irish  are  Avont  to  say.   What  need  have  they  to  do  any 
"  things  that  are  rich  and  fair?  So,  what  need  have  you 
"  to  change  the   course  of  your  estate,  settled  in  such  a 

"  calm To  so  healthful  a  body  to  apply  so  unsavoury 

"  a  medicine AVhat  hope  to  recompense  so  hazard- 

"  ous  an  adventure,  as  to  alter  so  well  a  maintained  and 

"  approved  trade  ? Sudden    change    in    bodies   na- 

"  tural,  dangerous ;  much  more  in  politic.  Hazard,  then 
"  meetest  to  be  regarded,  when   the  nature  of  the  agent 

"  and  patient  fitly  composed   to  occasion  them The 

"  realm  patient,  majesty  agent A  true  inward  strength 

"  resisteth  outward  accidents.     An  inward  weakness  doth 

"  not  lightly  subvert  itself  without  foreign  force The  148 

"  treasure,  the  sinews  of  the  crown ;  the  league,  the  love  of 
"  the  subject. 

"  Two  factions  [the  papist  and  the  protestant]  irrecon- 

"  cileable By  your   dealings   at   home    and  abroad, 

"  against  our  adverse  party,  you  are  so  enwrapt  to  the 
"  other,  that  you  cannot  pull  yourself  out.  As  a  ship,  al- 
"  though  it  be  beaten  with  waves  and  tempests,  yet  there 

"  is  no  safety  but  within  it The  protestant  the  chief, 

*'  if  not  your  sole  strength.     They  cannot  be,  nor  look  for 

"  better  estate  than  that  they  be Their  hearts  galled, 

''  if  not  aliened,  when  you  marry  a  Frenchman  and  a  pa- 
^^  pist :  the  son  of  the  very  Jezebel  of  our  age ;  although 
"  fine  wits  excuse  it.  His  brother  [the  French  king  Charles] 
"  made  oblation  of  his  sister's  marriage,  [with  the  protestant 

"  king  of  Navarr,]  that  he  might  massacre  of  all  sexes 

"  Himself,  contrary  to  his  promise  and  gratefulness,  having 
"  his  [dependence]  and  chiefest  estate  by  the  Hugonots, 
"  sacked  la  charite.  This  maketh  all  true  religious  to  abhor 
^'  such  a  master,  and  to  diminish  that  love  they  have  long 
"  time  borne  you. 

"  The  papist  spirits  full  of  anguish,  forced  to  [take]  oaths 


220       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  [of  allegiance,  kc]  they  counted  damnable Ambi- 

^-         "  tion  stopt [Laid]   in  prison,  disgrace,   banishment 

Anno  1572."  of  their  best  friends Some  think  you  an  usurper. 

"  Some  think  the  king  {your  fatiier]  is  rightly  disallowed 

"  by   the  pope Burdened  with   the  weight  of  their 

"  consciences ["^fl^ey  consist  of]  greater  numbers,  and 

"  riches,  because  they  have  not  offices  laid  upon  them 

[They  have]  united  minds,  as  all  oppressed  are. 

"  Joined  to  these  discontented  persons,  either  for  want ; 
"  quibus  opus  est  bello  civ'ili,  as  Caesar  said ;  or  such  as 
"  have  high  minds,  and  are  not  advanced.  These  men  most 
"  dangerous.  They  embrace  all  estates,  and  stay  but  ad- 
*'  vantage  of  time. 

"  I   am  glad,  I  may  say,  they  did  not  prevail.     For  if 

"  they  had,  it  had  been  no  time  now  to  deliberate 

"  These  people  want  but  a  head,  and  such  a  head  [as  mon- 

"  sieur]  wanteth  but  a  few  of  their  instructions That 

"  occasion,  with  a  small  show  of  title,  [i.  e.  king  of  Eng- 
"  land,]  will  do  for  a  turn.  Remember  Warbeck ;  and 
"  Lewis  the  French  king's  son,  in  Henry  the  Third's  time. 
"  That  monsieur  is  to  be  judged  by  his  will  and  power.  His 
"  will  is  as  full  of  high  ambition  as  is  possible.  French  dis- 
"  position.     His  education  is  in  constant  attempts  against 

"  his  brother.     His  thrusting  into  the  Low  Countries 

"  Sometimes  suitor  to  the  king  of  Spain's  daughter  ;  some- 

"  times  to  you Carried  away  with  every  wind  of 

"  hope Taught  to  love  greatness  any  way  gotten 

"  The  motioners  and  ministers  of  his  mind  only  young  men, 
"  that  have  seen  no  commonwealth.  Defiled  with  odious 
"  mux'der;  apt  to  rebellion. 

"  How  will  he  be  content  to  be  the  second  person  in  Eng- 
"  land,  that  cannot  be  in  France,  and  heir  apparent.''  His 

"  power  great The  way  will  be  made  for  him.     Who 

"  needs  nought,  but  an  head  to  draw  evil  humours Of 

"  great  revenues A  populous  nation  of  the  world  ; 

"  especially  of  soldiers,  that  have  leai-nt  to  serve  without 

"  pay,  where  their  hope  is  the  spoil His  brother  ready 

"  to  help  for  old  revenges ;  as  also  to  keep  him  occupied 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  221 

«  from  troubling  France ;  and  also  to  carry  naughty  fellows   CHAP. 

"  out  of  his  country. — 

«  King  Philip  and  queen  Mary,  all  of  one  religion.    The  ^"^^^  ^"'• 
"  house  of  France  ready  to  impeach  any  his  attempts.    And 
"  yet,  what  might  have  been  the  event  of  that  marriage, 

"  your  gracious  reign  hath  made  void Your  realm 

"  ready  to  receive  hurt.  M.  [monsieur]  ready  to  [take 
"  hold  of]  the  occasion  to  hurt  [us  in  our]  peace,  and  the 
"  fruits  of  peace, 

"  There  cannot  happen  any  thing  more  full  of  evident 

"  danger  to  your  estate  royal Your  person  the  scale 

"  of  our  happiness.     What  good  can  come  to  balance  with 

"  the  loss  of  so  honourable  constancy  ? I  will  not  shew 

"  so  much  malice,  as  to  object  the  doubts  of  the  unhealth- 

"  fulness  of  the  whole  race His  proceedings  in  his  suit 

«  agree  like  hot  and  cold I  will  temper  my  speeches 

«  from  any  particular  disgrace,  though  never  so  true.  ..... 

"  If  he  come,  either  [he  must]  have  the  keys  of  your  king- 
"  dom,  or  live  in  lower  reputation  than  his  mind  will  bear ; 

"  or  depart  far  off,  displeased  more  than  before If  it 

"  be  unprofitable  for  your  kingdom,  and  unpleasant  for 

"  you,  [it  is]  too  dear  a  purchase  for  repentance You 

"  can  have  by  him  no  bliss  but  children He  cannot 

"  enrich  you ;  for  he  hath  not ;  or  else  to  bestow  other- 

u  wise To  ease  you  of  the  cares  of  government,  is  as 

«  much  as  to  ease  you  of  being  queen.     This  may  hurt ;  if 
"  not,  at  the  best,  it  cannot  help. 

«  The  mention  of  charges,  [viz.  from]  foreign  fears,  and 
"  the  Low  Countries.    Those  buildings  most  firm  that  stand 

"  upon  their  own  foundation A  true  Masinissa 

«  It  were  not  fit  to  contrary  the  enterprises  of  mighty  Car- 
«  thage.     And  if  it  were,  how  can  this  be  applied  to  M. 

"  [monsieur.] Strongest  leagues   are  made  between 

"  such  as  are  joined  by  a  vehement  desire  of  a  third  thing : 

"  ours  a  vehement  fear ParaUels  can  never  join  truly, 

"  because  they  maintain  different  ends Contrary  prin- 

"  ciples  cannot  beget  one  doctrine He  a  papist ;  and 

"  if  he  be  a  man,  must  needs  have  that  manlike  proportion, 


222       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "to  desire  all  to  be  of  his  mind.     He  desirous  to  make 
^'        "  France  great.     Your  majesty  meaneth  nothing  less  than 


Anao  1572. "  that  it  should  grow  so,  especially  by  England He 

"  by  his  own  fancy,  and  youthful  governors,  embraceth  all 
"ambitious  hopes;  having Alexander''s  image  in  his  hall, 
"  ill  painted. 

"  Your  majesty  [taught]  by  virtue,  if  you  should  hope ; 

^'  by  wisdom,  what  you  may  hope Your  council  re- 

"  nowned  over  all  Christendom  for  their  tempers  and  minds, 
"  having  set  the  uttermost  of  their  ambition  in  your  favour, 

"  and  the  study  of  their  souls  in  your  safety No  ex- 

"  ample  in  the  world  fit  to  blazon  you  by.  .....  No  men 

"  ever  weary  of  a  good  prince.  For  either  men  never  saw 
"  other   [than  you,]    or  are  too  old  to  have  joy,  to  seek 

"  other Abuse  in  government  ruineth  of  itself.    Our 

"  neighbour''s  fire  giveth   us  light  to  see  our  own  quiet- 

"  ness Examples  of  good  princes  [shew]  the  longer 

"  they  reign,  the  deeper  they  sink  in  the  subjects'  hearts. 
"  The  subjects  willingly  grant  and  dutifully  pay  subsidies, 
"  and  all  impositions  demanded.  Less  troublesome  to  you 
"  now,  in  making  request  [for  them]  than  in  the  beginning 
"  of  your  reign. 
150  "  For  succession,  albeit  I  have  cast  the  uttermost  anchor 
"  of  my  hope  ;  yet  for  England's  sake  I  will  not  say  ought 

"  against  any  such  determination That  uncertain  good 

"  shall  bring  contest  to  [obtain]  good,  beyond  all  reach  of 

"  reason The  7-is'mg  sun  first  used  by  Scylla  to  Pom- 

"  pey.      Rising  and  Jailing  dependeth   upon   a   popular 

"  choice In  a  lineal  monarchy,  when  the  infants  suck, 

"  where  there  is  the  love  of  their  rightful  prince,  who  would 
"  leave  the  beams  of  so  fair  a  sun,  for  the  dreadful  expe- 

"  rience  of  a  divided  company  of  stars .'' Virtue  and 

"  justice   [arc]  the  bands  only  of  love By  yovir  loss 

"  all  blindness  light  upon  him  that  seeth  not  our  misery. 
"  [It  is  time]  to  look  after  the  ship  brought,  after  we  see 

"  we  cannot  be  safe  in  the  ship  [wherein  we  are.] The 

"  best  rule  is  to  do  so,  as  they  may  not  justly  speak  evil  of 
"  you.     Augustus  the  emperor  [said,]  But  let  them  speak 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  223 

"  evil,  since  tliey  cannot  do  much  hurt.     Charles  V.  when    CHAP. 
''  one  said,  Hollandois  portent  mal,  answered,  3Ials  ils  pai- 


"  ent  Men Care  not  for  the  barking  of  curs,  being  Anno  1572. 

"  carried  upon  the  wings  of  innocence. 

"  I  durst  with  blood  avow,  never  prince  was  had  in  more 
"  precious  account  of  her  subjects.  Some  loose  wretch  may 
"  defile  such  a  name,  but  cannot  raze  out  the  impression  of 
"  love  you  have  made  in  such  a  multitude  of  hearts.  Their 
"  love  cannot  fade,  if  you  keep  in  your  own  likeness,  and 
"  alter  not  yourself  in  other  colours.  Metus  in  authorem 
"  redit. 

"  He  can  bring  no  more  good  than  any  body  else ;  evil  he 

"  may,  [i.  e.  monsieur.] Either  fear  of  that  which  can- 

'*  not  happen,  or  by  him  cannot  be  prevented You 

"  have  stood  alone  a  great  while.  Take  it  for  a  singular 
"  honour  God  hath  done  you,  to  be  the  only  protector  of 
"  his  church.  And  so  may  continue  for  worldly  respects, 
"  if  you  continue,  and  make  religion  your  strength.  And 
"  those  whom  you  find  trusty,  to  be  employed  in  the  affairs, 
"  to  be  held  up  in  the  eyes  of  your  subjects. 

"  This  man,  as  long  as  he  is  but  monsieur,  in  might  can- 
"  not  stead  you ;  and  being  a  papist,  he  will  not.  And  if 
"  he  be  king  of  France,  his  defence  will  be  like  Ajax"'s 
"  shield,  that  rather  weighed  down  those  that  bear  it,  than 
"  defended  them." 

For  besides  the  disproportion  of  age,  which  was  one  of  Two  cases 
the  queen's  great  objections,  another  obstacle  to  the  current  ^^^.^  ^,„,j' 
proceeding  of  this  marriage  was  the  matter  of  religion,  it  cerning  this 
being  looked  upon  as  a  matter  of  conscience.  Which  was 
reduced  to  two  cases.  The  one  was,  whether  it  were  lawful 
for  a  protestant  to  marry  with  a  papist.  And  the  other, 
whether  the  queen  might  permit  to  have  mass  said  in  her 
kingdom.  For  the  better  informing  of  the  lord  Burghley  in 
both  these,  being  the  queen*'s  greatest  counsellor,  and  in 
whose  advice  she  chiefly  reposed  herself,  some  learned  di- 
vines were  employed  to  write  their  judgments  according  to 
the  word  of  God.  There  are  several  tracts  I  have  met  with 
among  that  lord's  papers,  written  in  resolution  of  both  these 


nianiaj; 


224       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    questions,  some  negatively,  and  some  affirmatively.   Whei'ein 
objections  were  answered  that  made  it  unlawful :  and  a  book 
Anno  1572.  writ  to  that  purpose  confuted,  in  favour  of  the  match.   These 
tracts  I  look  upon  as  vakiable,  consisting  of  the  arguments 
151  then  made  use  of  among  the  learned,  in  the  points  of  differ- 
ence between  the  church  of  Rome  and  the  protestants.    They 
that  are  minded  to  consult  them  may  read  some  of  them  in 
N".  XV.      the  Appendix.     But  by  assailing  of  the  arguments  and  ob- 
xviii.       jections  made  against  the  marriage,  it  appears  how  inclin- 
able and  desirous  the  chief  men  generally  were  for  the  ac- 
complishing thereof. 
LordBurgh-      J  add  to  the  rest  what  the  lord  treasurer  wrote  in  March 
for  thrpub- to  Walsingham    in    France,   as   the   resvdt  of  his  serious 
lie  in  re-     thoughts  of  this  weio-htv  matter  :  "  That  he  saw  the  immi- 

spectofthis  "  . 

match.  "  nent  perils  to  this  state ;  and  namely,  how  long  soever 
Amb^'  "  s^^  should  by  course  of  nature  live  and  reign,  the  success 
"  of  this  crown  so  manifestly  uncertain,  or  rather  too  mani- 
"  festly  prejudicious  for  the  state  of  religion,  that  he  could 
"  not  but  still  persist  in  seeking  for  marriage  for  her  ma- 
"  jesty.  And  finding  no  way  that  was  liking  to  her  but 
"  this  with  the  duke,  he  did  force  himself  to  pursue  it  with 
"  desire ;  and  did  flatter  himself  with  imaginations,  that  if 
*'  he  [the  duke  d''Alen9on]  should  come  hither,  her  majesty 
"  would  not  refuse  him.  And  for  his  religion,  methinks," 
added  that  lord,  "  if  he  were  otherwise  liked,  he  would  not 
"  lose  a  queen  with  a  kingdom,  for  a  priest's  blessing  of  a 
"  chalitse." 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  225 


CHAP.  XVII. 

The  massacre  at  Paris.  Many  nobles  and  others  of  the 
English  nation  preserved  in  Walsinghani's  house  there. 
Among  the  rest,  Mr.  Philip  Sydney.  Walsingham  about 
departing  home.  The  king  relates  to  him  the  reason  he^ 
tool:  this  course.  Walsingham  rarites  of  these  matters 
into  England.  The  French  ambassador  comes  to  the 
queen.  Her  excellent  speech  to  him  of  the  admiral's  mur- 
der ;  and  her  advice  to  the  ling.  Some  account  of  the 
massacre.  Nothing  but  extremity  towards  those  of  the 
religion.  England  noxo  upon  its  guard.  Roulaixl,  a 
catholic,  murdered. 

X5UT  that  hideous  inhuman  massacre  of  the  king's  pro- Anno  1 672. 
testant  subjects  in  France,  in  this  very  juncture,  broke  ofFXhe  massa- 
that  pretendedly  good  understanding  and  friendship  with  ha'ppens^"* 
him,  that  the  queen  and  her  court  were  too  credulous  to  be-a^^o"*^  this 

7  .    ,.       •         •  -n        1  1  •     1  -1  1  time  of 

heve  and  to  take  a  satisfaction  in.     l^or  by  this  horrible  act  treaty  with 
they  might  plainly  see,  how  abhorred  all  those  that  pro-^'^"*^*^- 
fessed  the  true  religion  were  to  France. 

Walsingham,  the  queen's  ambassador,  was  at  this  time  in  The  Eng- 
Paris.     And  it  was  a  wonderful  escape  he  had,  that  in  thatjf'^  *^y/" 

...  tlie  amlias- 

hot  zeal  for  popery,  he  was  not  murdered,  undistinguished,  sador,  and 
with  the  rest.     For  whether  it  were  by  some  order  from  the  ^aJfa^^rV.^ 
kino-,  or  otherwise,  not  only  himself,  but  those  of  the  Eng- 
hsh  nation  that  could  escape  to  his  house,  were  preserved. 
And  among  the  rest  was  one  Tim.  Bright,  doctor  of  physic ;  152 
who  divers  years  after,  viz.  anno  1589,  pubhshed  an  abridg- Abridg- 
ment of  John  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs:  and  in  his  dedica- ;;^^^;^t  «f "''' 
tion,  which  he  made  to  sir  Francis  Walsingham,  he  remem- Martyrs  by 
bered  that  great  benefit  that  both  he  and  many  others,  ^^g- ^i^^,l^,  *' 
lish,  and  of  other  nations  too,  strangers  then  in  Paris,  re- 
ceived ;  being  preserved  in  his  house  from  being  massacred. 
"  And  so  the  benefit  was  common  to  many.  ~^And  that  his 
"  lordship's  house  at  that  time  was  a  very  sanctuary,  not 
"  only  to  all  of  our  nation,  but  even  to  many  strangers  then 
"  in  Paris,  that  were  virtuously  disposed  to  true  religion. 
VOL.  II.  Q 


226       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  So  was  it  therefore  the  most  memorable  deliverance,  and 
"  far  more  honourable,  and  bound  him,  as  he  said,  with 


Anno  1572."  great  obligations  of  thankfulness;  who  thereby  had  cause 
"  to  rejoice,  not  only  for  his  own  safety,  but  for  so  many  of 
"  his  countrymen,  partly  of  his  acquaintance,  and  partly  of 
"  noble  houses  of  this  realm ;  who  had  all  tasted  of  the 
"  rage  of  that  furious  tragedy,  had  not  his  honour  shrouded 
"  them." 

Among  the       Several  of  the  privy  council  declared  themselves  beholden 

rest  Mr.  .  i        J 

piiiiip  Syd-  to  Walsingham  for  the  harbouring  these  gentlemen  :  many 
"^y-  whereof  were  related  to  them ;  as  they  did  msely  in  retiring 

thither.    And  in  this  emergence  they  desired  the  ambassa- 
dor to  advise  those  gentlemen  to  return  home,  as  their  safest 
course,  having  seen  enough  of  France.     And  particularly 
for  the  lord  Wharton,  (whose  schoolmaster  was  slain,)  and 
Mr.  Philip  Sydney,  to  procure  the  king's  licence  and  con- 
duct to  come  thence.     And  further  advised  him,  that  if  he 
could  get  leave  from  the  king,  to  come  home  too,  till  mat- 
ters were  better  settled  there ;   (and  that  so  was  the  queen"'s 
mind;)  leaving  a  secretary  there.    But  the  queen  afterwards 
was  unwilling  yet  to  send  for  him.     The  lord  treasurer  and 
secretary  Smith  (knowing  the  worth  of  the  man,  and  the 
danger  he  was  in)  had  been  suitors  to  her  majesty,  more 
ui)'onsend-  than  oucc,  for  his  return:  which  she  at  length  granted,  and 
iiig  for  her  j^j^^j^  strait  revoked,  the  letters  being  written,  and  immedi- 
home.         ately  called  back.     So  that  in  a  letter  to  him,  dated  Septem- 
ber the  12th,  the  secretary  told  him,  he  saw  he  must  endure 
there  for  a  time,  which  he  trusted  would  not  be  long. 
falsing-         About  this  very  time  came  to  the  court  three  gentlemen, 

ham's  dau-      .  »  i  i  i       p  -n  i         t  i 

ger  told  hy  VIZ.  Fawntc,  Argol,  and  South,  from  France;  who  did  am- 
from  ^°^'^  V^^^y  ^^^  ^^'^^^^  disorders  there ;  and  thej-eupon  Walsingham's 
thence.  danger,  that  was  talked  of  in  every  man''s  ears.  Whereof  his 
friends  made  relation  to  the  (jueen.  Tiie  effect  was,  finally, 
that  she  was  content  to  write  her  letter  for  his  return  to  the 
French  king,  dated  from  Woodstock.  Which  letter,  when 
the  said  ambassador  had  delivered  to  the  king,  he  would 
not  yiekl  to  the  revocation ;  saying,  that  he  must  then  recall 
his  ambassador  at  the  English  court,  which  would  look  as 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  227 

if  the  amity  were  broke :  and  therefore  prayed  Walsingham    CHAP, 
to  speak  no  more  of  it.    And  so  he  continued  there  still. 


But  to  look  a  little  upon  this  massacre,  and  the  behaviour  Anno  1572. 
of  the  king  after  it  was  done,  and  the  consequences  and  to'the^kinl^ 
effects  of  it  with  respect  to  the  English  court.  But  a  day  "po"  the 
or  two  after,  (viz.  August  26,)  Walsingham  sent  his  secre-  with  the 
tary  to  the  queen-mother,  willing  him,  in  his  name,  to  thank  answer, 
her  and  the  king  for  the  great  care  it  pleased  them  to  have 
of  his  safety,  and  for  the  preservation  of  the  English  nation  153 
in  this  last  tumult:  and  that  he  would  not  fail  to  make  ho- 
nourable report  of  it  unto  the  queen's  majesty,  his  mistress. 
And  the  secretary  was  to  add,  that  since  there  were  divers 
reports  made  of  the  late  execution  there,  and  that  he  [the 
ambassador]  would  be  very  loath  to  credit  reports ;  that  it 
would  please  their  majesties  to  send  him  the  very  truth  ;  to 
the  end  he  might  accordingly  advertise  the  queen"'s  majesty. 
The  answer  of  the  queen-mother  was,  that  the  king  and  she 
gave  special  command,  that  good  regard  were  had  of  him, 
and  all  the  English,  as  a  thing  that  tended  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  good  amity  between  the  king  and  the  queen's  majesty. 
And  that  if  he  could  devise  any  better  means  for  his  greater 
safeguard,  he  would  give  them  understanding  thereof.  To 
the  second  message,  she  said,  that  monsieur  La  Mot,  the 
French  ambassador,  had,  she  doubted  not,  advertised  the 
queen's  majesty  of  the  late  accidents  there.  Nevertheless, 
to  gratify  him,  she  would  cause  secretary  Pinart  to  send  him 
an  abstract  of  that  which  the  king  before  had  sent  to  his 
ambassador  there  resident.  This  abstract  Walsingham  re- 
ceived, and  sent  it  to  Smith  enclosed  in  this  letter,  wherein 
he  informed  him  of  all  this.  And  added,  that  the  duke  of 
Nevers  had  shewed  himself  much  affected  to  the  English 
nation  ;  who  spared  not  to  come  and  visit  Walsingham  in  his 
own  person,  with  offer  of  all  kind  courtesy,  not  only  to  him, 
but  to  divers  other  English  gentlemen.  And  besides,  enter- 
tained three  English  gentlemen,  that  otherwise  had  been  in 
great  j.eopardy  of  their  lives. 

Soon  after,  viz.  the  1st  of  September,  the  king  (whose  Tiie  kin- 
business  now  was  to  excuse  his  barbarity  as  well  as  he  could)  waising. 

Q  2  I''""- 


228       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    sent  for  the  English  ambassador,  and  withal  sent  two  per- 
sons of  eminency,  and  a  dozen  other  gentlemen,  to  conduct 


Anno  i572.hini  safely.  Being  come  into  his  presence,  he  told  him,  he 
sent  for  him  to  satisfy  him  of  the  late  execution,  whereof,  he 
said,  men  might  judge  diversely ;  and  that  he  had,  for  the 
satisfying  of  the  world,  caused  the  process  to  be  made  of  the 
admiral,  [Coligni  murdered  in  his  bed,]  and  the  rest  of  the 
conspirators.  And  that  as  soon  as  it  should  be  finished,  he 
would  not  fail  to  send  it  unto  her  majesty,  his  good  sister ; 
who,  he  did  assure  himself,  would  interpret  in  good  part  his 
doings.  He  being  constrained,  to  his  great  grief,  to  do  that 
which  he  did  for  his  own  safety  sake  ;  and  which  if  he  had 
not  done,  both  he  himself,  his  mother,  and  brethren,  had  been 
in  danger  of  their  lives.  And  that  he  desired  nothing  more 
than  to  continue,  or  rather  increase,  amity  with  her  majesty. 
And  therefore  hoped,  that  she  would  not  take  occasion,  upon 
this  late  proceeding,  to  suspect  the  contrary.  To  which 
Walsingham  gave  a  prudent  and  agreeable  answer  to  the 
Discourse  king.  And  then  he  made  the  king  acquainted,  that  three 
tiiem.  of  this  nation  were  slain,  and  that  divers  were  spoiled.     For 

which,  when  the  king  shewed  himself  to  be  very  sorry,  and 
said,  that  if  the  offenders  of  that  party  could  be  produced, 
there  should  be  exemplary  justice  used,  Walsingham  said, 
it  would  be  hard  to  produce  them,  the  disorder  being  so 
general,  and  the  sword  being  committed  to  the  common 
people. 

Afterwards  the  queen-mother,  to  disguise  the  matter,  sent 
a  writing  to  him,  to  be  sent  to  the  queen,  expressing  the 
154 summary  of  this  fact:  which  seemed  to  be  described  in  a 
disguised  method,  to  cover  the  execrable  manner  thereof. 
And  being  in  her  presence,  she  shewed  him,  that  the  king''s 
meaning  was,  that  the  heads  of  the  conspirators  being  now 
The  queen-  takcu  away,  to  continue  the  edicts,  and  that   every  man 
'p*'^."^'^,''      should  live  in  repose  and  liberty  of  his  conscience.    But  this 
tion  con-     was  Only  still  to  blind  the  poor  protestants,  that  they  being 
nrotesunts.  "ow  sccurc,  might  in  greater  numbers  fall  into  the  hands  of 
the  butchers,  and  not  stand  upon  their  own  guard,  nor  to  re- 
venge themselves. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  229 

For  Walsingham,  in  his  coi'respondence  with  secretary    CHAP. 
Smith,  let  him  understand,  in  a  letter  dated  September  13, 


that  albeit  it  was   shewn  him,  that  the  heads  being  taken  Anno  1572. 
away,  the  meaner  sort  should  enjoy,  by  virtue  of  the  edicts,  ^0^* j'ljYve 
both  lives  and  goods,  and  liberty  of  their  consciences ;  which  the  liberty 
notwithstanding  also  was  assured  by  print,  [which  print  he  sciences, 
enclosed  in  his  letter,]  yet  nothing  thereof  was  performed  ; 
but  all  extremity  used.     Which  manner  of  proceeding  was 
by  the  catholics  themselves  utterly  condemned,  as  he  added. 
And  that  they  desired  to  depart  thence  out  of  such  a  coun- 
try, to  quit  themselves  of  this  strange  kind  of  government ; 
for  that  they  saw  none  could  here  assure  themselves  either 
of  goods  or  life. 

He  further  gave  him  intellisrence :    That  even    still  at  The  cruel- 
Xions,  Bourdeaux,  and  Orleans,  great  and  most  barbarous  L„ons 
cruelties  had  been  executed.    And  that  at  Orleans  divers  of  bourdeaux, 
the  Almains  had  been  slain  and  spoiled.     The  most  part  of  leans, 
them  put  to  the  ransom.   For  that  since  justice  took  not  place 
there,  they  forbore  to  require  redress,  but  departed  thence 
with  great  desire  of  revenge.     And  further,  that  they  were 
preparing  the  Bastile  for  some  persons  of  quality  :  and  it 
was  thought  it  was  for  the  prince  of  Conde  and  his  brethren. 
Marshal  Montmorancy  was  commanded,  as  it  was  said,  to 
keep  his  house,  and  to  forbear  to  make  any  assembly. 

The  news  of  this  cruelty  was  soon  brought  to  England  N^ws 

.  1     •       •  1  brought 

by  several  first,  that  escaped  from  Diep ;  brmgmg  the  news  hither  of 
of  the  admiraFs  murder,  with  a  great  multitude  of  the  reli-  *^^  massa- 
gion,  on  the  24th  of  August,  in  a  most  cruel  sort :  as  upon 
the  first  intelligence  thereof  the  lord  treasurer,  the  earl  of 
Leicester,  and  others  of  the  privy  council,  wrote,  September 
9,  unto  Walsingham ;  and  that  it  gave  to  her  majesty  no 
small  cause  of  grief:  and  so  much  the  more,  in   that  she 
could  hear  no  manner  of  certainty  thereof  from  him.     Of 
whose  person  also  in  such  a  horrid  time,  her  majesty  was 
very  careful.     And  notwithstanding  the  French  ambassador  The  queen's 
affirmed  to  her,  that  he  was  in  safety,  she  was  not  quiet  in  ^y^igj"^. 
mind  for  him,  until  his  own  servant  came,  who  had  stayed  ham. 
long  in  Bulloin  for  a  wind. 

q3 


230       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        In  the  mean  time  the  king,  as  soon  as  might  be, ordered 

^-        La  Mot  to  represent  this  bloody  fact  of  his,  as  fair  as  might 

Annoi572.be;  namely,  that  he  was  of  necessity,  for  safeguard  of  his 

La  Mot's     WfQ^  forced  to  cause  such  execution  to  be  done  upon  the  ad- 

the  queen    mii'al  and  his  accomplices :  for  that  he  and  they  had  con- 

of  the  cause  spire(j  his  death.     Of  which  matter  the  kinar  was  very  well 
of  this  exe-     ^  •/.•  »iii-  iii 

cation.        able  to  make  a  verification.     And  that  her  majesty  should 

155  shortly  see,  by  the  process  of  the  admiral  then  in  making. 
And  that  nothing  was  meant  by  the  king  against  the  cause 
of  religion. 
To  prevent       For  thus  he  related  the  matter  to  the  queen  and  council, 
conlplracy^  when  he  came  to  the  court ;  that  when  his  master  the  king 
to  seize  the  heard  that  the  admiral  was  wounded,   (which  he  was  two 
°  days  before,  being  shot  out  of  a  window,)  he  was  greatly 

grieved  thereat,  and  that  he  determined  to  have  done  due 
justice  upon  the  authors  of  it.  In  which  mind  he  continued 
until  Saturday,  [two  days  after,]  late  at  night.  At  which 
time  advertisement  was  given  him,  that  the  admiral  and  his 
friends  had  concluded  not  to  expect  the  order  of  the  king 
for  the  punishment  of  the  fact,  but  would  avenge  them- 
selves ;  and  that  they  would  certainly  seize  the  person  of 
the  king,  queen-mother,  and  his  brethren :  and  so  his  per- 
son and  theirs  should  be  in  danger,  and  a  new  war  should 
thereby  be  begun.  And  to  make  this  to  be  true  in  the  king's 
sight,  it  was  also  informed,  that  some  such  as  were  of  this 
confederacy  with  the  admiral  had  for  conscience  sake  dis- 
closed the  same ;  and  that  it  Avas  made  the  more  probable  to 
the  king,  by  reason  of  certain  bold  speeches  used  by  Teligny 
[the  admiral's  son-in-law]  to  the  king.  Whereupon,  said 
the  ambassador,  the  king  was  so  daunted  with  the  present 
fear  of  his  own  person,  and  his  mother,  and  his  brethren, 
and  of  the  imminent  danger  of  a  new  civil  war ;  and  being 
thus  overcome  with  this  extremity,  and  having  no  time 
long  to  deliberate  thereupon,  (scarce  the  space  of  an  hour,) 
he  was  in  this  manner  forced  to  yield  to  another  extremity ; 
which  was,  to  suffer  the  parties  that  were  enemies  to  the  ad- 
miral to  proceed  to  the  execution  of  him,  although  not  with 
such  a  general  fury  as  was  used. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  231 

After  the  ambassador  had  made  this  fan-  story,  he  prayed    CHAP, 
the  queen  to  shew  her  compassion  of  the  king,  rather  than     ^^^^' 
to  condemn  him,  making  great  assurance  of  the  king"'s  in- Anno  1572. 
nocency  herein  ;  for  the  intention  of  his  own  part  being  ©nly 
for  his  defence  and  safety,  against  the  perils  discovered  to 
him  by  the  informers.     And  that  the  king  might  find  com- 
fort of  her,  in  condohng  witli  him  for  this  so  miserable  and 
lamentable  an  accident. 

But  all  this  was  but  a  second  invention  to  palliate  this 
crime,  and  a  purpose  of  committing  more.  For  the  king's 
first  report  of  it  to  the  queen,  by  his  own  letters,  was  quite 
different ;  whereby  the  English  court  concluded  all  to  be  but 
fable,  with  intent  to  put  a  false  covering  over  that  horrible 
fact.  For  thus  did  the  lord  Burghley  declare  the  matter  in 
his  correspondence  with  Walsingham. 

"  The  French  ambassador,  in  his  negotiation,  did  seek  to  A  fable  in- 
"  persuade  us,  that  the  king  was  forced,  for  safety  of  his  cover'the 
"  own  life,  to  cause  that  execution  to  be  done  as  it  was ;  and  murder  of 
"  that  thereof  we  should  see  the  proofs  by  the  admiral's   '      """^"^ ' 
"  process.    And  then  added.  You  may  imagine  how  hard  a 
"  thing  it  is  for  us  to  be  persuaded  against  our  natural 
"  senses.      And  how  they  will  accord   these  two  jars,  we 
*'  know  not :  for  the  king's  letters  first  written  after  the  ad- 
*'  mu'aPs  death  did  declare  it  to  be  done  in  manner  of  sedi- 
"  tion,  and  privately,  by  the  house  of   Guise;  who  were 
"  afraid  that   the  admiral  and    his  friends  would   pursue 
"  against  them  the  avenge  for  his  hurt,  [by  shooting  him.] 
"  And  that  the  king's  own  guard  [which  he  sent  to  be] 
"about  the  admiral,  was   forced;    and    the    king  himself  156 
"  driven  to  hold  the  guards  about  him  in  the  Louvre  for 
"  his  defence.    And  now  yet  it  must  needs  be  notified,  that 
"  the  king  did,  for  his  own  security,  cause  the  execution  to 
"  be  done." 

But  this  latter  pretence  the  aforesaid  privy  counsellors,  in  The  queen's 
their  letter,   soon  acquainted  Walsingham  with;   namely, P^"^*'^"*^^"' 
how  that  ambassador  disguised  the  black  business,  and  made  French  am- 
a  fair  tale  of  the  admiral's  intention  to  seize  the  king,  the  ^^^^  "'^' 
queen-mother,  and  his  brethren.     The  said  counsellors  did 

Q  4 


232       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  then  shew  him,  how  very  wisely  and  princely  the  queen  an- 
^-  swered  the  ambassador,  viz.  to  this  efFect :  "  That  although 
Anno  1572. «'  upon  the  first  report  of  the  general  murder  of  so  many, 
"  beino-  all  under  his  protection  in  the  principal  city,  it  was 
"  very  hard  to  conceive  well  of  the  king,  yet  it  had  been 
"  her  former  opinion  of  the  singular  integrity  of  his  actions ; 
"  and  namely,  of  his  many  outward  favours  that  he  had, 
"  since  the  time  of  the  admiral's  coming  to  his  presence, 
"  shewed  him  and  his  friends,  that  howsoever  this  fact  of 
"  itself,  with  the  circumstances  of  so  many  horrible  murders, 
"  did  outwardly  charge  the  king  with  all  manner  of  dis- 
"  honour  that  might  touch  a  prince  ;  yet  she,  particularly 
"  for  reverence  of  his  princely  state,  for  her  love  she  bare 
"  him ;  and  finally,  for  that  she  had  not  yet  received  the  in- 
"  formation  from  him,  did  determine  with  herself  not  to 
"  pronounce  any  evil  judgment  of  the  king,  nor  yet  to  con- 
"  ceive  that  which  the  most  part  of  all  others  did  conceive 
"  of  him. 

"  But  now  that  she  had  heard  (as  she  proceeded)  by  him, 
"  the  ambassador,  in  what  sort  the  king  had  willed  him  to 
"  declare  the  process  thereof,  she  did  much  desire  the  con- 
"  sideration  of  the  king's  honour,  and  the  continuance  of 
"  the  amity  with  him.  And  that  she  most  heartily  willed 
"  that  he  might  so  use  the  matter  in  time,  as  the  world 
"  micrht  find  him  excusable  in  one  of  these  two  sorts ;  that 
"  is,  that  either  it  might  be  made  manifest  to  indifferent 
"  persons,  (that  is,  to  such  as  were  not  known  to  have  borne 
"  deadly  malice  to  the  admiral  and  his  party,  now^  mur- 
"  dered,)  that  if  the  confirmation  that  was  given  to  the  king, 
"  of  the  admiraPs  evil  intention  and  conspiracy  against  him, 
"  were  grounded  upon  truth,  and  not  upon  malice  or  pre- 
"  text,  and  if  the  information  might  be  verified,  then  might 
*'  the  kino-  be  excused  in  some  part,  both  towards  God  and 
Her  dis-  "  the  world,  in  permitting  the  admiraPs  enemies  by  force  to 
course  with  u  prevent  his  enterprises.     Although,  indeed,  the  same  in- 

liun  about  "  .  ,       ,    ,  i  i>  ^u  U 

the  murder  "  formations  had  been  true,  yet  the  manner  ot  the  cruelty 

miraf  &c     "  "^^^^  (^^  ^^^^  '^^^"^  ""  ^^'^'^^)  ^^"^^  ""^  ^^  allowed  in  any 
"  kingdom  or  government ;  and  least  in  that  place  where 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  233 

the  king  might,  by  order  of  justice,  have  done  due  execu-    CHAP. 
tion,  both  to  the  admiral  and  all  others  that  should  have     ^^^^• 


proved  offenders.  For  (as  she  said)  it  could  not  be  de- Anno  1572. 
nied,  but  the  same  force  that  murdered  so  many  mul- 
titudes, might  more  easily  have  attached  them  all,  or  the 
principals;  and  brought  them  to  answer  to  justice,  when 
the  king  would.  And  of  all  other  the  admiral,  being  on 
his  bed,  lamed  both  on  his  right  hand  and  left  arm,  lying 
in  danger  under  the  care  of  chirurgeons ;  being  also 
guarded  about  his  private  house  with  a  number  of  the 
king's  guards,  and  so  might  have  been,  by  a  word  of  the 
king's  mouth,  brought  to  any  place,  to  have  answered, 
when  and  how  the  king  should  have  thought  meet. 
"  But  the  fault  thereof,  (as  she  continued,)  as  to  the  dis-  157 
order  of  proceeding,  however  the  information  had  been 
true,  she  forbore  to  impute  to  the  king ;  but  left  the  same 
to  the  burden  of  others  about  him,  whose  age  and  know- 
ledge ouffht  in  such  a  case  to  have  foreseen  how  offenders 
ought  to  be  punished  with  the  sword  of  the  prince,  and  not 
with  the  bloody  swords  of  murderers,  being  also  the  mortal 
enemies  of  the  party  murdered.  The  information  whereof, 
for  the  recovery  of  the  king's  honour,  (which  was  by  the 
facts  of  others  herein  greatly  touched,)  she  left  to  the  king 
to  be  considered,  and  willed  him  opportunity  to  do  what 
should  be  to  God's  honour  and  to  his  own  praise. 
"  But  on  the  other  side,  (as  the  queen  more  closely  sug-  Her  serious 
gested,)  if  such  information,  so  suddenly  given  to  the  ji^g  ^in„°j,^ 
king  against  the  admiral,  should  not  be  duly  and  mani- this  emer- 
festiy,  without  subornation,  proved  true,  (as  thei'ein  surely 
the  manner  of  the  circumstances  did  lead  all  indifferent 
persons  to  think  the  same  not  only  falsely  forged,  of  pri- 
vate deadly  malice  to  the  admiral  and  his  party,  but  also 
perilously  devised,  to  weaken  the  king's  estate,  and  to  de- 
prive him  of  the  great  honour  and  surety  that  daily  was 
growing  unto  him  by  counsels  or  services  of  the  said  ad- 
miral, and  his  friends,  now  murdered,)  her  majesty  then 
found  the  cause  of  so  great  importance  to  be  pitied  ;  wish- 
ing him  to  have  grace  to  use  his  power,  by  faithful  coun- 


234      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  sellors  and  servants,  to  make  an  example  to  the  world  of 
"  the  same  manner  of  punishment  on  such  detestable  traitor- 
Anao  1572."  ous  attempts:  whereby  his  honour,  which  was  then  much 
"  blemished,  might  be   saved ;  but  principally  himself  and 
"  his  person  and  surety  be  in  good  time  provided  for.    And 
"  further,  she  added,  that  if  it  should  please  him  therein 
**  to  require  the  use  of  her  advice,  and  of  her  assistance, 
*'  she  should  not  fail  but  to  shew  herself  in  this  time  a  per- 
"  feet  friend  to  him,  by  all  good  means  that  were  in  her 
"  power." 
The  queen's      Then   particularly,  as   to    the  admiral,    she    subjoined, 
thepmtes"   "  That  she  was  very  sorry  for  his  death,  as  for  one  whom 
tants'  tak-    a  g^g  tliought  a  very  good  minister  to  continue  amity  be- 
arms.  "  tween  them  two.     And  for  the  rest  of  the  noblemen,  she 

"  had  reason  to  bewail  them  for  the  like  cause.  And  that 
"  as  he,  the  French  ambassador,  could  well  tell,  she  could 
"  never  allow  of  the  taking  up  of  arms  contrary  to  the  king''s 
*'  commandment.  But  now  perceiving  of  the  king's  receiv- 
"  ing  them  to  grace,  and  taking  them  to  his  protection,  and 
"  that  it  was  by  consequence  of  things  manifest,  that  the 
"  taking  of  arms  was  not  against  the  king's  state  or  person, 
"  but  to  defend  themselves  in  the  profession  of  their  reli- 
"  gion,  according  to  the  king''s  own  edicts  and  grants,  she 
"  did  greatly  lament  their  deaths;  and  that  she  did  surely 
"  persuade  herself,  that  if  the  king  should  not  use  his  power 
"  to  make  some  amends  for  so  much  blood,  so  horridly  shed, 
"  God,  who  saw  the  hearts  of  all,  as  well  princes  as  others, 
"  would  shew  his  justice  in  time  and  place ;  when  his  honour 
"  should  therein  be  glorified,  as  the  author  of  all  justice,  and 
*'  the  revenger  of  all  bloodshedding  of  the  innocent."" 

I  could  not  abridge  this  noble  and  admirable  admonition 
of  the  queen,  to  that  king's  ambassador,  shewing  botli  her 
wisdom  and  piety,  and  intimating  this  treachery  to  be  too 
158  broad  to  be  covered  from  her  by  any  pretences;  and  fore- 
warning that  king  of  divine  justice  and  revenge;  which,  in- 
deed, as  a  prophecy,  fell  upon  him  most  remarkably  but  the 
next  year. 
The  piocess     jj.  ^^y  Y)e  observed  here,  by  the  way,  that  when  the  queen 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  235 

had  desired  for  her  satisfaction  that  she  might  understand    CHAP. 

particularly  the  conspiracy  of  the  admiral,  which  was  made ;__ 

the  ground  of  the  massacre;  and  which  both  the  queen- Anno  1572. 
mother  and  the  king  had  promised,  viz.  that  the  process  J^^^'^'J^^  "^* 
against  him  should  be  transmitted  to  her,  as  was  related  be-  the  queen, 
fore ;  it  was  not  done  October  8,  pretending  it  was  not  yet 
ready.     And  then  Brulart,  that  came  from  the  king  to  Wal- 
singham,  told  him,  it  should  be  sent  to  the  queen  as  soon  as 
it  was  finished ;   though,  he  added,  the  king  had  hoped,  that 
without  further  suspense   she  would  have  given  credit  to 
him,  as  he  would  have  done  in  the  like  case  to  her. 

It  would  be  too  tedious  to  relate  all  the  particulars  of  this 
massacre.  Only  that  this  age  may  have  some  idea  of  such 
a  never-to-be-forgotten  wickedness,  brought  about  by  popish 
zealots,  take  it  from  a  French  historian,  that  writ  the  history 
of  France,  from  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  to  Henry  IV.  French 
kings,  translated  into  Enghsh.  The  beginning  of  it  was 
thus  :  "  The  palace  clock  struck.     Then  a  noise  was  heard  An  account 

^  .of  the  nias- 

"  about  the  streets  of  Pans,  that  the  Hugonots  were  m  arms,  s^cre. 

*'  (they  being  in  their  beds,)  and  meant  to  kill  the  king,  H^_^story  of 

"  &c.    The  gentlemen,  officers  of  the  chamber,  governors,  chap.  ix. 

"  tutors,  and  household  servants  of  the  king  of  Navarr  and?-^^^'- 

"  prince  of  Conde,  were  driven  out  of  their  chambers,  where 

"  they  slept,  in  the  Louvre ;  and  being  in  the  court,  mas- 

"  sacred  in  the  king's  presence.     The  like  was  done  to  the 

"  lords  and  gentlemen  that  lay  about  the  admiral's  lodgings ; 

"  and  then  throughout  the  town,  in  such  sort,  that  the  num- 

"  ber  slain  that  Sunday  night,  and  the  two  days  ensuing, 

"  within  the  city  of  Paris  and  the  suburbs,  was  esteemed  to 

"be  about  10,000  persons;  lords,  gentlemen,  pages,  ser-Thenum- 

"  vants,  and  of  all  sorts;  justices,  scholars,  lawyers,  pby si- sacre™.^^' 

"  cians,    merchants,   artificers,  women,    maids,   boys ;    not 

"  sparing  httle  children  in  the  cradles,  or  in  their  mothers' 

«  bellies." 

The  courtiers  of  the  king's  guard,  and  strangers,  that 
massacred  the  gentlemen  belonging  to  the  king  of  Navarr 
and  prince  of  Conde,  said,  that  in  one  day,  by  weapons, 
they  had  ended  those  processes,  which  pen,  paper,  sentences 


236       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    of  justice,  and  open  war,  could  not  find  the  means  to  exe- 
______  cute  in  twelve  years'"  space.     These  honourable  lords  and 

Anno  1572.  gentlemen  protestants,  slanderously  accused  of  conspiracy 

^anderous-  ^"^^  practice  against  the  king,  being  stark  naked,  thinking 

ly  of  con-    only   upon  their   rest,  scarce   awakened,   unarmed,  in   the 

against  the  hands  of  infinite  cruel,  crafty,  and  treacherous  enemies,  not 

*'»°S'  having  so  much  leisure  as  to  breathe,  were  slain,  some  in  their 

beds,  others  upon  the  roofs  of  houses,  and  in  whatever  other 

place  they  might  be  found. 

The  admi-        The  admiral's  head  was  carried  and  presented  to  the  king 

^nt  t'o*"^     ^"^  ^^  ^^^^  queen-mother ;  and  then  embalmed,  and  sent  to 

Rome.         Rome,  to  the  pope,  and  the  cardinal  of  Lorain.  The  common 

people  cut  off  his  hands  and  his  privy  members,  and  drew 

his  body  for  the  space  of  three  days  about  the  city.    Which 

done,  it  was  borne  to  the  gibbet  of  Montfaucon,  and  there 

hanged  by  the  feet. 

1.59      "  Let  the  reader  herein  consider,  (saith  that  French  au- 

Tde  num-   a  ^i^qy.)  how  Strange  and  horrible  a  thing  it  was  in  a  great 

ber  and  '  *="  .,.,., 

cruelty  of    "  town,  to  sce  at  least   60,000   men,  with   pistols,  pikes, 

throats*"       "  courtlasses,  poniards,  knives,  and  other  such  bloody  in- 

"  struments,  run,  swearing,  and  blaspheming  the  sacred  ma- 

"  jesty  of  God,  through  the  streets,  and  into  the  houses ; 

"  where  most  cruelly  they  massacred  all  whosoever  they 

"  met,  without  regard  of  estate,  condition,  sex,  or  age.   The 

"  streets  paved  with  bodies  cut  and  hewed  in  pieces ;  the 

"  gates  and   entries  of  houses,  palaces,  and  public  places, 

"  dyed  with  blood ;  shoutings  and   hallooings  of  the  mur- 

"  derers,  mixed  with  continual  noises  of  pistols  and  calivers 

"  discharged ;  the  pitiful   cries  and   shrieks  of  those  that 

"  were  murdered ;  slain  bodies  cast  out  at  windows  upon 

"  the  stones,  drawn  through  the  dirt,  with  strange  noises 

"  and  whistlings ;  breaking  of  doors  and  windows  with  bills 

"  and  stones,  and  other  furies ;  the  spoiling  and  sacking  of 

"  houses;  carts,  some  carrying  away  the  spoils,  and  others 

"  the  dead  bodies,  which  were  thrown  into  the  river  of  Seine, 

"  all  now  red  with  blood,  which  ran  out  of  the  town,  and 

"  from  the  king's  own  palace.'' 

The  ven-         And  hcncc  the  aforesaid  writer  makes  this  observation  : 
geance  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  237 

Since  that  time,  by  that  which  happened  to  that  French    CHAP, 
king,  Charles  IX.  his  brother  and  successor,  his  mother. 


"  his  bastard-brother,  the  house  of  Guise,  the  town  of  Paris,  Anno  1572. 
"  and  all  the  realm  of  France,  i^  the  space  of  twenty  years  ^°'^j'"' *^'* 
"  after  this  massacre,  it  sufficiently  appeared,  that  God  re-markabie. 
"  vengeth  the  blood  of  innocents,  and  that  their  death  is 
"  precious  in  his  sight." 

But  this  slaughter  of  those  of  the  religion  ended  not  so  ;  Nothing 
for  there  was  nothinj]^  meant  but  extremity  towards  them. ''"*  ^''*'^^*, 

°  •/  mity  meant 

On  the  14th  of  September,  as  the  ambassador  there  wrote  towards 
to  secretary  Smith,  the  young  princess  of  Conde  was  con- J]°t1o°  ^ 
strained  to  go  to  mass,  being  threatened  otherwise  to  go  to 
prison ;  and  so  consequently  to  be  made  away  with.  The 
prince  of  Conde  yielded  also  to  hear  mass  upon  Sunday  en- 
.suing,  being  otherwise  threatened  to  go  to  the  Bastile; 
where  he  would  be  not  like  long  to  abide.  And  yet  the 
Friday  before,  the  queen-mother  told  him,  [Walsingham,] 

nobody's  conscience [so  writ  undoubtedly  to  be  filled 

up  in  words  at  length,  after  this  manner,]  should  he  con- 
strained or  forced.  For,  said  she,  here  is  the  king  of  Navarr, 
the  prince  of  Conde,  and  divers  others  in  this  court,  that 
live  with  liberty  of  conscience,  and  so  shall  continue.  And 
then,  after  some  ciphers,  Walsingham  adds,  "  And  there- 
"  fore  I  hope  her  majesty  will  stand  upon  her  guard,  and 
*'  strengthen  herself  with  the  amity  of  the  protestant  princes  The  pro- 
"  of  Germany :  who,  as  he  heard,  were  awakened,  and  mar-  *^!'^''"*   , 

*'  ,  '  princes  of 

"  vellously  stomached  this  late  cruelty  ;  and  thought  that  Germany 
"  the  danger  thereof  would  reach  to  themselves,  if  they  did  ^^^'*'*^°^'^- 
"  not  seek  to  prevent  it."     And  then  by  some  other  ciphers 
he  seems  to  reflect  upon  the  queen  of  Scots,  and  the  queen's 
danger  by  means  of  her.     And  advises,  that  she  would  not  Walsing- 
suffer  herself  to  be  abused  by  her  fair  speech,  having  so  late  Jf^'"'^ '"^" 
experience  of  her  faithless  dealing  ;  and  that  when  once  the 
king   was  possessed    of  Rochel,  which   he   hoped   to  have 
shortly,  Strozzi  was  then  to  go  directly  for  Scotland. 

And  indeed  this  warning  the  Enghsh  court  took;  andl6o 
upon  this  news  immediately  put  itself  into  a  posture  of  de-  England 
fence,  reckoning  that  this  practice  looked  over  hither.    Thus  itself  upon"^ 


238       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    the  lord  treasurer  piously  and  providently  spake  to  his  cor- 
,  respondent  in  France  :   "  1  see  the  Devil  is  suffered  by  Al- 


Anno  1572.  a  mighty  God  for  our  sins  to  be  strong  in  following  the  per- 
these popish  ^j  gccution  of  Christ's  members.    We  are  vigilant  in  our  own 

practices.  " 

Lord  trea-    "  defence  against  such  treacherous  attempts  as  have  lately 
surer^s  let-  u  [jcen  put  in  use  there,  in  France.    And  also  call  ourselves 
19.'        *    "  to  repentance.     A  national  fast  being  appointed  on  this 
"  occasion.     All  the  seacoast  was  put  in  defence,  and  the 
*'  queen's  navy  sent  to  sea  with  speed  :  which  was  so  to  con- 
"  tinue,  until  they  saw  further  whereunto  to  trust."     And 
tliis  was  to  secure  themselves  against  a  fleet  preparing  by 
Strozzi,    (as  Walsingham  had  informed.)      Although    the 
French  ambassador  told  the  court,  that  the  king  willed  him 
to  assure  her  majesty,  that  his  navy  should  not  any  ways  en- 
danger her.     On  which  that  wise  lord  said.  We  have  great 
cause  in  these  times  to  doubt  all  fair  speeches. 
All  the  Hu-      rp^  shew  further  the  extremity  used  towards  the  Hugonots, 

gonots  _  _  ''  _  o  ' 

lands  to  be  Walsinffham  save  intelligence,  that  all  their  lands  (amount- 
*°  '  ing  to  many  millions)  were  to  be  sold,  and  employed  in  the 

conquests  of  countries.  But  he  added,  that  he  hoped  in 
God  it  would  prove  an  account  without  the  host ;  if  God  do 
not  blind  the  eyes  of  the  princes  of  the  world :  who,  joining 
together,  should  be  able  to  make  their  parts  good  against  any 
of  those  that  had  will  to  do  them  liarm. 
One  Rou-        Nav,  one  Roulart,  a  catholic,  canon  of  Notre  Dame,  and 

lart,  a  ca-  •" 

thoiic,  mur-also  a  counsellor  in  the  parliament,  uttering  certain  speeches 
prison"  ""*  mislike  of  these  lawless  kind  of  proceedings  without  jus- 
tice, was  apprehended,  and  committed  to  prison ;  and  in 
prison  murdered,  as  disorderly  as  any  of  the  rest :  where- 
with divers  of  the  catholics  themselves  were  offended.  On 
which  occasion  Walsingham  reported,  that  this  manner  of 
proceeding  bred  general  mistrust  in  them  of  the  nobility,  and 
every  man  feared  God's  vengeance. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  239 

CHAP.  XVIII.  161 

The  motion  renewed  for  the  marriage.  Walsingham  de- 
clares his  scruples  to  that  court.  An  interview  desired 
betzoeen  the  queen-mother  and  queen  Elizabeth.  'The  jea- 
lousy conceived  thereof.  Declined.  The  French''s  dissimu- 
lation. Walsingham'' s  letter  thereupon.  The  resentments 
of  the  English  coiLrt.  Still  more  bloodshed.  The  Mng 
hurt.  Ttoo  put  to  death  as  conspirators :  unjustly.  The 
French  king  sends  to  the  queen  to  christen  his  daughter. 
Her  excellent  ansioer.  England  a  harbour  for  the  per- 
secuted French  protestants.    The  queen  protects  them. 

jDUT  notwithstanding  this  cruel  execution,  the  king  and  Anno  1572. 
the  queen-mother  were  soon  after  for  putting  forward  the  Tf"^  match 
marriage   between  duke   d^'Alen^on   and   the  queen;  and  queen 
called  upon  the  English  ambassador  to  further  it ;  and  in  "Joy*^^ 
order  to  that,  for  an  interview.    But  he  shewed  what  little 
stomach  he  had  now  thereunto.    And   the  queen-mother 
asking  him  the  reason,  he  replied,  that  this  last  strange  ac- 
cident had  bred  in  men  discourses,  opinions,  and  mistrusts ; 
among  the  which  he  was  not  free  from  his  doubts  and  suspi- 
cions.   And  that  touching  the  scruples  he  had  of  the  king's 
and  her  sincere  meaning  in  respect  of  the  marriage,  he  had 
three  reasons,  as  he  frankly  told  them,  that  moved  him 
thereunto. 

First,  the  violating  of  the  late  edict,  [whereby  the  king 
granted  the  Hugonots  the  free  use  of  their  religion,]  and 
the  present  severity  used  against  those  of  the  religion.  Se- 
condly, the  strange  dealing  in  the  first  match  propounded 
[with  his  other  brother,  the  duke  d'Anjou.]  And  thirdly, 
certain  discourses  then  given  out  concerning  conquering 
England  and  Ireland. 

Touching  the  first,  he  shewed  the  queen-mother,  that  the  The  scru- 
chiefest  cause  that  moved  the  queen,  his  mistress,  to  make  P'''*  "°^. 
account  of  the  amity  of  that  crown  was,  that  the  king  suf-  by  the  nm- 
fered  certain  of  his  subjects  to  enjoy,  by  virtue  of  his  edict,  ''^*''^'''"'- 
the  exercise  of  the  same  religion  her  majesty   professed. 
Which  was,   he  said,   the  chiefest  ground  of  the  league. 


240       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  Which  being  taken  away,  that  amity  could  not  but  grow 
doubtful.    And  that  the  matter  of  an  intej-mew  was  sus- 


Anno  i572.pected  but  to  serve  for  an  entertainment.  To  the  second, 
he  shewed  how  this  late  accident  gave  vehement  suspicions, 
that  the  first  match  propounded  was  but  a  kind  of  enter- 
tainment, to  abuse  those  of  the  religion.  And  that  the  dis- 
courses, though  they  did  but  move  mean  personages,  (and 
he  hoped  their  majesties  were  free  from  any  such  intention,) 
yet  the  strangeness  of  the  late  accident  could  not  altogether 
rest  free  from  it. 
162      After  she  had  made  him  some  reply,  he  added,  that  he 

His  fears  offgj^j.gj   this  late   Severity  executed   there,  in   Paris,  would 

war  from  _  •'     _    _ 

protestant  make  all  princes  of  the  religion  to  repute  the  same  a  gene- 
P"nces.  j^j  (Jenunciation  of  war  against  them  ;  and  which  he  feared 
would  prove  as  bloody  as  ever  war  that  happened ;  whereof 
he  thought  the  benefit  would  chiefly  grow  to  the  Turk. 
What  the  And  further,  the  queen  instructed  him  to  declare  her 
reeled  to  be i^i^c^  i^^w  to  that  king  on  this  juncture;  that  for  the  king 
said  to  the  ^q  destroy  and  utterly  root  out  of  his  realm  all  those  of  that 
king.  religion  that  she  professed,  and  to  desire  her  in  marriage 

for  his  brother  [at  this  time,]  must  needs  seem  to  her  at  the 
first  a  thing  very  repugnant  in  itself;  especially,  having  be- 
fore confirmed  that  liberty  to  them  of  that  religion,  by  an 
edict  of  his,  perpetual  and  irrevocable. 
The  queen-  But  to  look  a  little  more  upon  the  intervicxv  before 
moves  for  mentioned.  Notwithstanding  the  late  bloody  business,  the 
an  inter-  queeu-mother  had  the  confidence,  but  the  next  month,  viz. 
in  September,  and  almost  in  the  midst  of  the  tragedies  in 
France,  to  propovmd  this  interview  between  queen  Eliza- 
beth and  herself;  hoping  that  by  speeches  with  her  to  do 
more  in  forwarding  this  match  with  her  younger  son,  than 
by  any  other  way  of  ambassage ;  and  to  make  a  quicker 
despatch.  And  for  that  end,  the  cunning  and  intriguing 
queen  offered  to  come  with  her  son  as  far  as  Calais  or  Bul- 
loign ;  and  queen  Elizabeth  to  come  to  Dover.  But  she  be- 
gan now  justly  to  be  more  wary  and  suspicious  of  the 
French.  And  so  in  her  instruction,  wrote  this  month  to  her 
ambassador,  she  signified;  directing  him  to  tell  the  king, 


view. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  241 

that  she  must  needs  deal  plainly,  that  this  murdeiing  of  CHAP, 
the  admiral,  and  of  so  general  slaughter  of  them  of  the  re-  ^^'^^- 
ligion,  had  made  such  alteration  in  her  majesty,  and  moved '^""o  i''72. 
such  doubts  in  her  mind,  that  she  knew  not  how  to  interpret 
of  the  offers  of  this  marriage  and  of  this  interview ;  espe- 
cially, since  the  king  also  had  said  nothing  concerning  it. 
The  queen-mother's  motion  was,  that  they  might  have  a 
communication  upon  the  sea  between  Dover  and  Calais,  or 
Bulloign ;  a  matter  that  seemed  strange  to  the  queen ; 
and  the  more,  since  the  French  ambassador  had  moved  the 
queen,  that  the  queen-mother,  with  her  son,  was  willing  to 
come  into  the  realm  at  such  place,  and  Avith  such  numbers, 
as  her  majesty  should  allow.  And  that  the  queen  had  said, 
she  would  be  better  advised  by  her  own  ambassador ;  who 
should  have  charge  afterwards  to  understand  iier  mind  and 
the  king's.  And  that  upon  knowledge  thereof,  she  herself 
would  come  to  a  further  resolution. 

In  short,  the  queen  suspected  treachery  herein.    For  the  The  French 
king  at  this  time  kept  a  great  navy  and  army  near  Buj._  li'i'S  '"iti' 
deaux  and  Rochel,  under  the  command  of  Strozzi.    Where- abroad, 
by  her  majesty's  merchants,  who  were  wont  all  the  year,  s",)'^'^ ''j*^ 
and  especially  about  this  time  [of  vintage,]  to  traffic  that ''»''  •"P'"- 
way  for  wines  and  other  commodities,  divers  of  them  hadghips.^ 
been  of  late  spoiled  thereabouts  by  Strozzi's  band,  not  only 
of  victuals  and  munition,  but  of  money  and  merchandises, 
and  some  of  them  also  of  their  lives.    And  therefore  the 
queen  bade  her  ambassador  to  require  the  king  to  let  her 
understand  what  the  meaning  might  be  of  that  navy. 

In  the  next  month,  viz.  October,  a  motion  was  made  again  iGS 
by  the  queen-mother  of  France,  for  an  interview  to  be  before  ^  '"otjoti 
the  twentieth  of  that  month  ;  and  the  place  to  be  the  isle  of  an  inter- 
Jersey.    Which  the  lord  Burghley,  by  word  of  moutli,  told^|.'j"^j  ''''" 
the  ambassador,  seemed  to  her  majesty  to  be  so  strange, 
both  for  time  and  place,  as  that  if  tlie  ambassador  had  not 
shewed  the  letters  from   the  queen  there  and  the  queen- 
mother  to  that  effect,  she  should  either  not  have  believed  it, 
or  concluded  that  the  ambassador  had  mistaken  the  same. 

VOL.  II.  K 


242      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   Thus  plainly  did  she  shew  her  disgust  and  just  jealousy  of 
'        these  invitations. 


Anno  1572.      «'  For,"  as  the  said  lord  by  the  queen's  order  proceeded 
Suspicion     ^^-  j^  ^^^^  ambassador,  "  the  20th  of  October  was  not  four- 

or  treachery  ' 

against  the  "  teen  days  off"  from  the  time  of  the  motion,  nor  one  month 
queen.  ^^  from  the  date  of  the  king's  letter  to  that  purpose.  And 
"  Jersey  was  a  place  so  far  distant,  as  never  king  of  this 
"  land  would  venture  to  sail  unto,  for  many  causes ;  nor  yet 
"  any  merchant  would  take  upon  him  to  pass  thiflier  al- 
"  most  in  that  time.  Besides,  that  the  late  proceedings  in 
"  France,  to  the  destruction  of  all  sorts  of  her  majesty's  re- 
"  ligion,  (which  also  was  not  ceased,  as  the  queen  under- 
"  stood,)  could  not  but  argue  this  manner  of  motion  very 
"  absurd :  and  besides  would  engender  in  the  subjects  of 
"  this  realm  such  conceits,  as  it  were  a  dangerous  thing  for 
"  counsellors  to  be  so  careless  of  their  prince  as  to  give  ear 
"  to  such  motions.  And  that  it  was  stranger,  now  to  make 
"  this  motion,  when  the  French  ambassador  did  say  at 
"  Reading  to  the  queen's  majesty  there,  that  the  queen- 
"  mother  was  content  to  come  into  any  place  of  thjs  realm  : 
"  which  was  now  strangely  changed,  that  the  queen's  ma- 
"  jesty  should  come  over  her  own  seas  to  the  coast  of  France." 
All  this  looked  as  if  the  French,  could  they  have  got  the 
queen  upon  the  sea,  had  intended  to  entrap  her. 
French  dis-  For  indeed,  by  this  time,  the  French  dissimulation  be- 
came more  and  more  discovered.  This  Walsingham,  that 
then  was  among  them,  shewed  in  his  letters  sent  over;  that 
the  more  he  observed  their  doings  there,  the  more  his  jea- 
lousy increased  of  their  evil  meaning.  And  that  they  never 
spake  more  fair  to  the  admiral  than  a  few  days  before  he 
died.  Nothing  was  demanded  by  him  that  was  not  granted. 
Insomuch,  that  Tiligni  said  to  a  gentleman,  a  friend  of  his, 
a  few  days  before  the  execution,  that  their  liberal  granting 
of  requests  without  any  denial,  did  make  him  to  suspect 
some  unsound  and  hollow  meaning ;  and  thereupon  to  al- 
lege an  Italian  proverb  to  that  purpose.  He  added,  that 
the  French  never  used  fairer  words  than  now  they  did,  nor 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  243 

fjreater  protestation  of  amity.    And  that  because  it  was  more   CHAP. 

•                                  •                      XVIII 
than  was  accustomed,  and  being;  now  at  such  a  time  as  the ' 


English  had  cause  to  suspect  the  contrary,  he  could  nof^'^no '^72. 
but  be  jealous  of  her  majesty's  safety. 

The  same  ambassador  (who  had  been  very  apt  to  think  The  ambas- 
the  best  of  the  French  court,  and  the  benefit  accruing  to  (."lle^^ri's" 
England  by  friendship  with  it)  speaks  his  judgment  now  in  council 

I  •       •  1  1  1  •^       Lc  Tt  hereupon. 

another  stram,  ni  a  letter  to  the  queen  s  council.    "  He  con-  „^  ,  . 

'  ^  _  Walsmg- 

"  fessed  lie  was  deceived  by  the  dissimulation  of  that  court,  ham's  let- 

"  That  he  was  sorry  he  could  not  yield  that  assurance  of  24,' '  ^^  * 

"  amity  that  heretofore  he  had  done ;   wherein  he  might 

"  seem  to  have  dealt  over  confidently.     But  he  knew  their 

"  honours  would  consider,  that  his  error  in  that  behalf  was  l64 

"  common  in  a  great  many  wiser  than  himself.    And  that 

"  now  there  was  there  [at  the  court]  neither  regard  either 

"  to  word,  writing,  or  edict,  were  it  never  so  solemnly  pub- 

"  lished ;  nor  to  any  protestation   made  heretofore  to  fo- 

"  reign  princes  for  the  performance  of  the  same;  seeing  the 

'•  king  prosecuted  that  religion  with  all  extremity  that  her 

"  majesty  professed ;  and  was  now  like  to  be  an  instrument 

"  to  execute  any  thing  by  that  people  offered  unto  him,  to 

"  the  prejudice  of  her  majesty ;  seeing  that  they  now  that 

"  possessed  his  ears  were  sworn  enemies  to  her  majesty ; 

"  and  that  the  nourishers  of  the  late  amity  were  separated 

"  from  him  ;   seeing  that  the  king"'s  own  conscience  (so  com- 

"  mon  a  companion  is  fear  with  tyranny)  made  him  to  re- 

"  pute  all  those  of  the  religion,  as  well  at  home  as  abroad, 

"  his  enemies ;  and  so,  conseqviently,  not   to  wish  one  of 

"  them  alive :  he  left  it  to  their  honours  now  to  judge  what 

"  account  they  might  make  of  the  amity  with  that  crown. 

"  And  that,  if  he  might  without  presumption  or  offence 

"  say  his  opinion,  considering  how  things  presently  stood, 

"  he  thought  it  less  peril  to  live  with  them  as  enemies  than 

"  as  friends." 

Again:   "The  cruelty  here  executed  is  void  of  all  just  Bloody  hy- 
"  defence,"  writeth  the  same  to  the  lord  Burghley  ;   "  and  Lette7to 
"  therefore  in  God's  iust  judgment  is  like  to  receive  iust  pu-'orJ  Bmgh- 
"  nishment.    And  if  the  same  doth  not  happen  so  soon  as      ' 

r2 


244       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  we  desire,  our  sins  are  the  let They  here  are  so  far 

^'        "  imbrued  in  blood,  as  there  is  no  end  of  their  cruelty.  For 


Anno  1572. "  no  town  escapeth,  where  any  of  the  religion  is  found, 
"  without  general  murdering  and  sacking  of  them.  And  yet 
"  they  protest  all  this  to  be  done  against  their  wills,  though 
"  it  is  evident  it  is  done  by  their  commandment.'''' 

Again,  how  much  in  danger  the  queen  was  by  this  hy- 
pocrisy, which  was  not  before  discovered,  thus  he  subjoined ; 
The  ambas- "  That  he  had  not  heretofore  been  so  ready  to  commend 
undeceived  "  their  sincerity  as  he  was  forced  now  to  set  down  their  in- 
111  the         u  fidelity.    Surely  I  cannot  see,  that  all  their  fair  speeches 

i  rench  pro-  ^  ./  ^  i 

testations.    "  and  friendly  offers  tend  to  any  other  end  but  to  abuse 

" Adding,  that  it  was  the  opinion  there  of  all  men 

"  of  judgment,  that  her  majesty  was  to  look  for  any  mis- 
"  chief,   that   either    Spain  or  that  country  [i.  e.  France] 
"  could  yield.    And  therefore,  that  if  she  should  now  seek 
"  to  quiet  herself,  [by  not  preparing  for  her  own  defence, 
"  but  sitting  stilJ,]  they  did  not  see  any  reason  for  her  to 
"  hope  to  keep  the  crown  upon  her  head.'" 
The  resent-       But  now  at  length  let  us  see  the  resentment  of  our  court, 
Uiese  "        ^^^^  °^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^"  about  the  queen.    Secretary  Smith  ex- 
French        pressed  his  thoughts  in  this  manner :   "  If  the  admiral,  and 
the  English  "  all  tliose  murdered  on  the  bloody  Bartholomew-day,  were 
court.          ((  guilty,  why  were  they  not  apprehended,  imprisoned,  in- 
"  terrogated,  and  judged  ?    Is  this  the  manner  to  handle 
"  men,  either  culpable  or  suspected  ?     But  grant  they  were 
"  guilty  that  dreamt  treason  that  night  in  their  sleep,  what 
"  did  the  innocent  men,  women,  and  children  at  Lyons.-' 
"  What   did    the   sucking   children   and   their  mothers  at 
"  Roan  deserve  ?  at  Caen  ?  at  Rochel  ?    Will  God,  think 
"  you,  still  sleep  ?    AVill  not  their  blood  ask  vengeance  ? 
"  Shall  not  the  earth  be  accursed,  that  hath  sucked  up  the 

"  innocent  blood  poured  out  like  water  upon  it .'' 1  am 

"  glad,'"  added  he,  "  yf)u  shall  come  home ;  and  would  wish 

165  "you  out  of  that  country,  so  contaminate  with  innocent 

"  blood,  that  the  sun  cannot  look  upon  it  but  to  prognos- 

"  ticate  the  wrath  and  vengeance  of  God." 

The  earl  of      'fhg  gaj.j  ^f  Leicester  related  the  news  of  this  massacre  in 

Leicester 
writes  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  245 

a  letter  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  dated  September  6,  with    CHAP. 

his  detestation  of  it,  to  this  tenor :  "  That  he  doubted  not    ^^"'^' 

"  but  his  lordship  had  been  advertised  at  large  of  the  tra-  Anno  1572. 

"  g-ical  news  out  of  France ;  which  had  been  used  with  that  ^'j*^  ^^^^  °^ 

"  cruelty,  that  he  thought  no  Christian,  since  the  heathen  bury  this 

"  time,  had  heard  of  the  like.    And  that  it  was  the  more  France?  ° 

"  horrible,  for  that  it  seemed  it  was  done  with  the  consent  ^^ss.  iu  Of- 

"  of  that  prince,  who  had  given  his  faith,  and  laid  his  ho- 

*'  nour  in  pledge  for  the  contrary  before.    But  the  same 

"  God,  proceeded  he,  that  had  suffered  this  punishment  to 

"  fall  upon  his  people  for  their  own  sins,  would  find  time  to 

"  revenge  it  upon  his  enemies  for  his  own  cause  sake.    God 

"  defend  our  mistress  from   the  hidden  practices  laid  for 

"  her,  among   these   open   facts  committed,  so  nearly   to 

"  tovich  her.  For  she,  as  he  added,  is  the  fountain  and  the 

"  well-spring  of  the  griefs  that  procure  this  malice.    And 

"  though  others  smart,  yet  she  is  the  mark  they  shoot  at. 

"  And  so  must  she  think ;  and  accordingly  must  she  pro- 

"  vide.    Or  else  all  will  be  naught.    But  his  trust  was,  that 

"  the  same  Lord  that  had  all  this  while  preserved  her,  would 

"  also  put  into  her  heart  to  do  that  which  should  be  best  for 

"  her  own  and  her  people's  safety,  &c.    Dated  from  Wood- 

"  stock." 

These  fearful  slaughters  of  the  king's  subjects  continued 
from  one  city  and  town  to  another.   Near  a  month  after  that 
at  Paris,  report  came  to  court,  that  there  was  a  general  ef- 
fusion of  blood  at  Roan,  of  all  that  could  be  imagined  pro- 
tcstants ;  so  that  the  channels  of  the  streets  ran  down  with 
blood.    And  this  happened  there  when  the  English  court 
thought  all  the  bloody  work  was  done.    The  same  letters  Massacre 
certified,  that  Diep  (where  many  Englishmen  and  merchants  ^^j  p^"p 
were)  was  kept  close ;  and  the  same  execution  of  the  true  kept  close. 
Christians  (as  Smith  writ  to  Walsingham)  expected  there. 
Notwithstanding  Sigoigne  [the  governor  of  that  place]  did 
warrant  all  the  English  to  be  out  of  danger,  and  encouraged 
them  not  to  be  afraid.  "  But,*"  said  Smith,  "  what  warrant  can 
"  the  French  make,  now  seals  and  words  of  princes  are  but 
"  traps  to  catch  innocents,  and  bring  them  to  the  butchery .'''" 

B  3 


246       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        And  indeed  the  king  was  now  grown  so  bloody-minded, 
as  they  that  advised  him  at  first  to  these  bloody  courses  did 


Anno  1572.  fepent,  (as  Walsingham  wrote,)  and  did  fear,  that  the  old 

erown  ^     '^^ji^g  would  prove  true  in  respect  of  themselves,  Malum 

bloody.  He coths'dium   consultoi'i  jK'Sshiimi.    And  every  body   looked 

sword.         out  for    some   dreadful    accident  to  happen   to  him ;  and 

reckoned  it  some  plague  of  what  would  follow,  that  in  the 

month  of  December  the  king  was  hurt  by  another  man's 

sword ;  receiving  a  little  hurt  in  his  left  arm.    Which  was 

not  great ;  but  that  every  small  hurt  is  great  to  a  prince ; 

as  Walsingham  said :  and  he  might  have  added,  a  token  of 

more  of  his  blood  to  be  shed. 

And  this  passage  is  worthy  to  be  added   to   that  king's 
horrible  guilt  of  iniquity  and  bloodshed,  related  also  by  the 
English  ambassador.  That  to  make  the  pretended  plot  seem 
166  the  truer,  they  added  the  blood  of  two  innocent  persons, 
Two  upon   protestants,  named  Bricquemont  and  Cavannes  ;  who,  in  the 
tended  con- month  of  October,  imderweut  a  formal  trial  of  justice;  as 
tri'ed'^in       persous  that  had  been  concerned  in  the  late  conspiracy, 
form  of       And  were  executed  on  the  22d  day  of  that  month,  being 
executed,     the  Same  day  that  the  queen  of  France  was  brought  to  bed 
of  a  daughter.    Whose  nativity,   as    that   ambassador  ob- 
served, was  consecrated  with  blood.    The  former  (who  was 
one  of  the  king's  eldest  soldiers)  was  asked  by  the  under- 
provost,  who  was  sent  to  him,  to  know  if  he  could  say  any 
thing  touching  the  late  conjuration  ;   which  if  he  would  con- 
fess, he  should  save  his  life :   whereunto  he  said,  that  the 
king  had  never  a  more  faithful  nor  truer  subject.    But  this 
I  know,  added  he,  proceedeth  not  of  himself,  but  of  evil 
counsellors  about  him.    And  so  lifting  up  his  eyes  to  hea- 
ven, he  said,  "  O  my  God  !  at  whose  tribunal  seat  I  stand, 
"  and  whose  face  I  hope  shortly  to  see,  thou  knowest  well, 
"  that  I  know  nothing ;   nor  did  not  so  much  as  once  think 
*'  of  any  conjuration  against  the  king,  nor  against  the  estate. 
"  Though  contrariwise  they  have  imtruly  put  the  .same  in 
"  my  process.    But  I  beseech  my  God,  that  he  will  pardon 
"  the  king,  and  all  those  that  have  been  the  cause  of  this 
*'  my  unjust  death,  even  as  I  desire  pardon  at  thy  hand  for 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  247 

"  my   sins  and  offences."    He  would  have   spoken  to  the   ^^^^J- 
king,  (who  was  present  at  this  spectacle,)  and  said  he  had 


somewhat  to  utter  unto  him.  But  he  said,  he  saw  he  might  a°«°  ^572. 
not  use  any  further  speeches.  And  so  shrunk  up  his  shoul- 
ders. He  was  a  gentleman,  and  yet  was  hanged :  a  thing 
very  rare  in  France;  especially,  he  being  reputed  of  his 
enemies  to  be  innocent  of  the  thing  that  had  been  laid  to  his 
charge. 

His  death  was  bewailed  of  many  of  the  catholics  that  The  king 
were  beholders  of  the  same.    As  were  also  the  king,  the  J^"oti?e"rr&c. 
queen-mother,  the  king  of  Navarr,  with  the  king's  brethren,  p^^'^^"^^**,^ 
and  prince  of  Conde.    Which  was  generally  misliked ;  as  a  deaths. 
thing  unworthy  of  the  heads  of  justice  to  be  at  the  execu- 
tion of  justice.  They  were  hanged  about  five  or  six  in  the 
evening  by  torchlight. 

It  is  remarkable  also  what  Walsingham  writ  into  Eng- They  made 
land  concerning  this  matter  unto  the  lord  Burghley,  that  biankJ^^to 
they  caused  these  two,  a  httle  before  their  deaths,  to  sub- ackm)w-^^^ 
scribe  certain  blanks.   Which  they  filled  up  with  such  mat-  spimcy. 
ter  as  might  best  prove  that  there  was  such  a  pretended  ^^tt^^J^  *« 
conspiracy.    Which  blanks  so  filled  up,  they  sent  by  two  Dec.  5. 
messengers  into  Germany,  to  shew  unto  some  princes  there, 
for  the  better  justifying  of  the  late  execution. 

Another  piece  of  French  courtship  of  the  queen,  at  this  The  queen 
wretched  time,  was  their  invitation  of  her  to  christen  the  christen  the 
French  king's  daughter.    It  was  the  beginning  of  Novem- French 

1  1        1      J  king's 

ber,  that  the  French  ambassador  sent  word  to  the  lord  child. 
Burghley,  that  the  French  queen  was  brought  to  bed  of  a 
daughter ;  and  to  know  whether  her  majesty  would  christen 
it  with  her  own  name ;  and  to  send  either  the  earl  of  Lei- 
cester thither  or  the  lord  Burghley,  for  that  purpose,  as 
her  proxy.  Perhaps  it  was  to  catch  one  of  those  chief  coun- 
sellors of  the  queen's.  But  the  prudent  answer  the  queen 
gave  was,  that  she  would  not  desire  to  christen  it;  nor 
would  she  send  either  of  those  lords.  But  that  if  the  queen 
would  desire  her  to  be  godmother,  she  would  not  refuse  it ; 
and  would  send  some  person  qualified.  The  king  afterwards  lOj 
sent  an  agent  to  invite  her  to  be  gossip  with  the  empress 

R  4 


248      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

ROOK    and  the  duke  of  Savoy.    But  the  ceremony  was  not  per- 
'•        formed  before  the  month  of  January. 
Anno  1572.      The  king,  for  the  greater  pretended  honour  to  the  queen, 
The  queen's  ggj^j^,^!^  ill  December,  jMauvesire,  ambassador  to  her,  first, 

excellent 

answer        for  continuance  of  amity  ;  secondly,  to  be  godmother  to  the 
French'^     infant,  his  daughter ;  and  lastly,  to  pursue  the  request  of 
king's  am-  marriage  with  the  duke  d'Alengon.    The  answer  she  then 
^wssage  to    ^^^^^^  j^^  1^^^.  embassador  there  (to  round  him  in  the  ear 
again  by  a  second  message,  for  his  cruelty,  and  the  many  ag- 
o-ravations  of  it)  was  to  this  tenor  :  "  That  she  was  sorry  to 
"  hear  what  she  had  heard  of  her  good  brother,  (the  which 
"  sprung  from  her  good-will  to  that  amity.)     First,  that 
"  great  slaughter  made  in  France,  of  noblemen  and  gentle- 
"  men,  unconvicted,  and  untried,  so   suddenly,  as  it  was 
"  said,  at  his  command,  seemed  so  much  to  touch  the  ho- 
"  nour  of  her  good  brother,  as  she  could  not  but  with  la- 
"  mentation,  and  with  tears  of  her  heart,  hear  it  of  a  prince 
"  so  near  allied  unto  her,  and  in  a  chain  of  indissoluble 
''  love  knit  unto  her  by  league  and  oath.     That  being  after 
"  exposed  by  a  conspiracy  and  treason  wrought  against  her 
"  good  brother's  person,  (which  whether  it  were  true  or 
"  false,  being  in  another  prince's  kingdom  and  jurisdiction, 
"  where  she  had  nothing  to  do,  she  minded  not  to  be  curi- 
"  ous,  yet  that,)  they  were  not  brought  to  answer  to  law 
"  and  judgment,  before  they  were  executed,  she  heard  it 
"  marvellously  ill  taken ;  as  a  thing  of  a  terrible  and  dan- 
"  gerous  example.    And  was  sorry  that  her  good  brother 
*'  was  so  ready  to  condescend  to  any  such  counsel,  whose 
"•  nature  she  took  to  be  more  humane  and  noble.     But  that 
"  when  more  Avas  added  unto  it ;  that  when  women,  chil- 
"  dren,  maids,  young  infants,  and  sucking  babes,  were  at  the 
"  same  time  murdered,  and  cast  into  the  river;  and  that  li- 
"  berty  of  execution  was  given  to  the  vilest  and  basest  sort 
"  of  the  populace,  without  punishment  or  revenge  of  such 
"  cruelty,  done  afterwai'ds  by  law  upon  such  cruel  mur- 
"  derers  of  such  :  this  increased  her  grief  and  sorroAV  in  her 
"  good  brother's  behalf;  that  he  should  suffer  himself  to  be 
"  led  by  such  inhuman  counsellors. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  249 

"  And  now,  sithence  it  did  appear  by  all  doings,  both  by    CHAP, 
the  edicts  and  otherwise,  that  the  rigour  was  used  only  _ 


"  against  them  of  the  religion  reformed,  whether  they  were^""o  1^72. 

"  of  any  conspiracy  or  no;  and  that,  contrary  to  the  edict 

"  of  pacification  so  often  repeated,  they  of  the  reformed  re- 

"  ligion  were  either  driven  to  fly,  or  die,  or  to  recant,  or 

"  lose  their  offices;  Avhereby  it  did  appear  by  all  accords 

"  now  used  by  her  good  brother,  that  his  scope  and  intent 

"  did  tend  only  to  subvert  that  religion  that  she  did  pro- 

"  fess,  and  to  root  it  out  of  the  realm.    At  the  least,  all  the 

"  strangers  of  all  nations  and  religions  did  so  interpret  it. 

"  As  might  appear  by  the  triumphs  and  rejoicings,  set  out, 

"  as  well  in   the  realm   of  France  as   in    others.    Which 

"  made,  that  it  must  needs  seem  strange,  both  to  her  and 

"  to  all  others,  that  her  good  brother  should  require  her  to 

"  be  godmother  to  his  dear  child,  she  being  of  that  religion 

"  which  he  did  now  persecute,  and  could  not  abide  within 

"  his  realm.    And  that  if  she  should  believe  the  persuasion 

"  of  others,  and   the   opinion  of  all  strangers  her  friends, 

"  who  were  not  her  subjects,  she  should  in  no  case  conde-  1  d8 

"  scend  to  any  association  in  that  or  any  other  matter. 

"  But  as  she  had  always  hitherto,  as  she  concluded,  had 
"  a  special  love  to  her  good  brother  in  his  younger  age,  and 
"  a  desire  to  the  continuation  of  his  good  estate  and  quiet- 
"  ness,  which  she  had  indeed  manifestly  shewed,  never 
"  seeking  any  advantage  of  trouble  against  him,  &c.'"  [And 
so  going  on  with  much  douceur,  she  endeth:]  "That 
"  notwithstanding  that  doubt  and  impediment  before  men- 
"  tioned,  she  intended  to  send  a  worthy  personage,  a  noble- 
"  man  of  her  realm,  to  repair  to  his  court,  to  visit  the  king, 
"  her  good  brother,  and  the  queen-mother  ;  and  to  do  that 
"  office  which  was  required.  Wishing  that  these  spiritual 
"  alliances  might  be  to  their  comfort,  and  to  the  conserva- 
"  tion  of  the  amity  begun  between  them." 

England  was  now  very  hospitable  to  such  of  the  religion  England  a 
as  could  escape,  and  had  got  over  hither.    And  among  the  g'^^j,""/ 
rest  one  Avas  a  great  nobleman  of  France ;  viz.  the  vidame  escaped. 
of  Chartres.    For  whom   the  queen  had  a  great  sense  of  receives  the 


250       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I. 

Anno  1572. 

vidame,  fled 
hither. 
And  writes 
in  his  be- 
half to  the 
French 
king. 

The  king's 
answer  to 
the  queen. 


The  king's 
demand  of 
her. 


Her  free 
answer  in 
behalf  of 
those  that 
fled  into 
lier  domi- 
nions. 


pity.  Insomuch  that  secretary  Smith  uttered  his  tenderness 
also,  by  acquainting  the  queen's  ambassador  there,  that  it 
did  liim  good  to  see  the  princely  compassion  that  was  in 
her  majesty  towards  the  poor  vidame,  who  was  escaped 
by  good  fortune  into  England.  For  whom  the  queen  had, 
at  his  humble  and  lamentable  suit,  written  to  the  king  in  his 
favour.  Which  he  bade  her  ambassador  deliver  with  as 
good  words  as  he  might;  and  to  require  his  answer. 

To  which  letter  the  king  gave  this  answer,  sending  the 
message  by  her  said  ambassador,  that  as  he  was  glad  any 
way  to  gratify  her  majesty,  so  he  could  not  grant  this  her 
request,  without  touch  of  his  honour,  to  suffer  any  of  his 
subjects  to  live  in  a  foreign  country,  without  a  kind  of  defi- 
ance of  his  sincerity,  &c.  Yet  he  could,  for  gratifying  her 
majesty,  be  content  that  the  vidame  should  return  home, 
and  enjoy  his  livings  there,  with  such  surety  as  he  should 
not  have  occasion  to  doubt  his  safety. 

But  the  vidame  dared  not  to  trust  himself  there,  notwith- 
standing this  protestation ;  his  hypocrisy  by  this  time  being 
well  seen  through.  And  the  French  protcstants  fly  still  to 
England  on  all  opportunities.  AVhich  occasioned  the  French 
king  to  demand,  that  the  queen  should  admonish,  or  rather 
command  them  to  avoid  the  realm,  as  rebels  to  the  French 
king. 

Upon  which  the  queen  gave  the  earl  of  Worcester  (who 
was  then  her  ambassador  there)  these  instructions,  to  re- 
turn to  that  king  in  answer :  "  That  she  did  not  understand 
"  of  any  rebellion  they  were  ever  privy  to;  and  that  she 
"  could  perceive  nothing  but  that  they  were  well  affected  to 
"  their  prince.  But  when  sucli  common  murdering  and 
"  slaughter  was  made  throughout  France,  of  those  who 
"  professed  the  same  religion,  that  it  was  natural  for  every 
"  man  to  flee  for  his  own  defence,  and  for  the  safety  of  his 
"  life.  And  that  it  was  the  privilege  of  all  realms,  to  re- 
"  ceive  such  woful  and  miserable  persons  as  did  flee  to  it 
"  only  for  defence  of  their  lives.  And  that  as  for  their  re- 
"  turn,  she  instructed  him  to  say,  that  the  chiefest  of  them 
"  had  been  spoken  unto ;  and  they  made  their  answer,  that 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  251 

''  the  same  rae-e  of  their  enemies,  which  made  them  first  to    CHAP. 
"  flee  hither,  did  still  continue  the  cause  of  their  tarrynig '_ 


"  here.    For  as  they  did  then  kill  with  fury,  as  it  might  Anno  1572. 

"  appear,  the  greatest  number  of  those   that  were  killed,  ^  "9 

"  without  the  commandment  or  avow  of  the  king;   so  it 

"  was  most  like  they  would  execute  still  their  malice,  if  the 

"  persons  were  there.    Against  whom  it  was  then,  and  yet 

"  was  inflamed,  notwithstanding  any  letters  declaratory,  or 

"  other  prohibition  by  the  king.    As  it  was  manifest  and 

"  notorious,  that  very  many  had  been  publicly,  and  were 

"  almost  daily  slain  and  murdered  in  France,  that  were  of 

"  their  religion,  sith   these  contrary  edicts  were  published 

"  and  cried  by  sound  of  trumpet. 

"  And  that  therefore,  until  they  might  see,  that  the 
"  quiet  of  the  realm  were  better  established,  the  fury  of  the 
"  people,  and  the  bloody  murderers  appeased  ;  they  would 
"  live  here,  and  obey  the  king's  edicts.  That  they  thought 
"  themselves  unsure  there,  and  had  prayed  the  queen  of 
"  her  mercy  to  have  compassion  on  their  misery.  And  if 
"  so  be  the  king  would  suffer  them  to  enjoy  their  revenues, 
"  whether  they  remained  here,  or  went  into  any  other  coun- 
"  try,  the  earl  was  instructed  to  say,  that  she  supposed 
"  they  would  be  as  faithful  subjects  to  him  as  any  other  in 
"  the  realm.  For  others,  she  espoused  none  of  them.  And 
"  that  if  she  could  perceive  at  any  time,  that  they  were 
"  otherwise  minded,  or  should  attempt  any  thing  for  the 
"  disquietment  of  his  person  or  realm,  she  would  not  suff'er 
"  them  to  remain  within  her  realm."" 

The  better  sort  of  the  queen's  subjects  were  very  kind  Pitied  by 

-       ,     ,  -,  .J  tbe  better 

unto  these  poor  protestants ;  and  glad  to  see  them  retired  ^ort  of  the 
unto  more  safety  in  this  country.  But  another  sort  (divers  of  ^"^jf^',^,g j  ^^ 
the  common  people  and  rabble,  too  many  of  them)  behaved  by  others, 
themselves  otherwise  towards  these  afflicted  strangers,  men 
and  women,  who  grudged  at  their  coming  hither,  and  would 
call  them  by  no  other   denomination  than  French   dogs. 
This  a  French  author  sometime  afterward  took  notice  of 
in  print ;  to  the  disparagement  of  the  English  nation,  and 
their  insensibleness  of  the  misery  of  others  that  suffered  for 


252      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   righteousness'  sake.    But  George  Abbot,  D.  D.  afterwards 

archbishop  of  Canterbury,  could  not  let  this  reflection  pass. 

Anno  1572.  without  taking  notice  of  it  in  one  of  his  morning  lectures 

ec  ures      preached    at    Oxford ;    vindicatiuij    our    kinjjdom    from    a 

upon  Jo-       i^  '  o  rt 

nah,  by  charge  that  lay  only  upon  some  of  the  meaner  and  worst 
bot.  Print- ^ort.  Speaking  thus  upon  this  occasion;  "How  that  it 
ed  1600.  a  grieved  his  soul  at  the  unkindness  of  our  nation,  (those 
"  of  the  common  sort,)  that  had,  by  occasion  of  the  han- 
"  dling  of  their  last  great  massacre,  noted  it  to  posterity, 
"  that  by  a  most  inhospitable  kind  of  phrase,  our  English 
"  used  to  term  them  no  better  than  French  dog-s,  that  fled 
"  hither  for  religion,  and  their  conscience  sake.  To  which 
"  the  preacher  joined  also  the  many  conspiracies,  which  by 
"  some  of  the  meaner  people  in  one  city  of  this  land,  [i.  e. 
*'  London,]  had  been  oftentimes  intended  against  out- 
"  landish  folks,  [in  risings  and  insurrections  against  them.] 
"  But  those,  said  he,  that  were  wise  and  godly,  used  those 
"  aliens  as  brethren :  considering  their  distresses  with  a 
"  lively  fellow-feeling ;  holding  it  an  unspeakable  blessed- 
"  ness,  that  this  little  island  of  ours  should  not  only  be  a 
"  temple  to  serve  God  in  for  ourselves,  but  an  harbour  for 
1/0"  the  weatherbeaten,  a  sanctuary  to  the  stranger,  wherein 
"  he  might  truly  honour  the  Lord ;  remembering  the  pre- 
Levit.  xix.  "  cise  charge  which  God  gave  to  the  Israelites,  to  deal  well 
"  7aith  all  strangers ;  because  the  time  once  was,  when 
"  themselves  were  strangers  in  that  cruel  land  of  Egypt : 
"  and  not  forgetting,  that  other  nations,  to  their  immortal 
"  praise,  were  a  refuge  to  the  English  in  their  last  bloody 
"  persecution  in  (jueen  Mary''s  days:  and  in  brief,  rccount- 
"  ing,  that  by  a  mutual  vicissitude  of  God's  chastisements, 
"  their  case  might  be  our  case.  Which  day,  he  prayed,  the 
"  Lord  might  long  keep  from  us." 

It  was  near  this  time,  that  another  of  our  authors  could 
not  refrain  his  pen  from  reproaching  those  of  this  nation  (or 
at  least  many  of  them)  for  this  inhospitable  temper ;  which 
he  called,  "  the  inveterate  fierceness  and  cankered  malice" 
of  the  English  nation  against  foreigners  and  strangers.  It 
"  is,"  saith  he,  "  worthy  the  consideration,  to  call  to  me- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  253 

"  mory  what  great  tragedies  have  been  stirred  in  this  realm,    CHAP, 
"  by  this  our  natural  inhospitallty  and  disdain  of  strangers, 


"  both  in  the  time  of  king  John,  Henry  his  son,  king  Ed- Anno  1572. 
"  ward  II.  king  Henry  VI.  and  in  the  days  of  later  me-p^™^'^^,' 
"mory,  &c.  wishing,  that  whatsoever  note  of  infamy  we  of  Kent, 
"  have  heretofore  contracted  among  foreign  writers,  by  this  edit. 
"  our  ferocity  against  aliens,  that  now  at  the  last,  having 
"  the  light  of  the  gospel  before  our  eyes,  and  the  perse- 
"  cuted  parts  of  the  afflicted  church  as  guests  and  strangers 
"  in  our  country,  we  so  behave  ourselves  towards  them,  as 
"  we  may  both  utterly  rub  out  the  old  blemish,  and  from 
"  henceforth  stay  the  heavy  hand  of  just  Jupiter  hospitaUs. 
"  Which  otherwise  must  needs  light  upon  such  stubborn 
"  and  uncharitable  churlishness." 


CHAP.    XIX.  171 

The  earl  of  Worcester  goes  into  France  to  assist  at  the 
christening  of  the  French  bings  daughter.  The  earl  a 
Roman  catholic ;  but  loyal.  The  protestants  fiy  to  Ro- 
chel ;  and  hold  it  against  the  French  army.  The  new 
star  in  Cassiopeia.  Divers  of  the  murderers  slain  before 
Rachel.  Rochel  still  holds  out.  Some  others  of  the  mur- 
derers slain.  Some  English  offer  to  raise  an  army  to  go 
to  Rochel.  BooJcs  setjbrth  to  p)ulliate  the  massacre.  How 
the  Scots  resent  the  massacre.  Now  more  inclinable  to  an 
amity  zaith  England.  France  Jalse  to  England  in  Scot- 
tish affairs  ;  and  to  the  religion.  That  king  and  Spain 
privately  conspire.  A  plot  hatching  to  invade  England. 
The  pope''s  legate  in  France  practising. 

JL  HE  earl  of  Worcester  was  now  (in  the  month  of  Ja-  The  queen 
nuary)  in  France,  sent  thither  by  the  queen,  in  the  quality  ^^'-1  of  Wor- 
of  her  ambassador,  partly  to  be  her  proxy,  to  stand  in  her  tester  to 
room  for  godmother  to  the  French  king's  daughter,  as  she  French 
had  promised,  and  partly  to  concert  the  matter  of  duke'^i'.'s^'s 
d'AlenQon.    Being  arrived,  he  was  magnificently  entertained 
at  that  court.    But  it  is  to  be  noted,  that  in  the  queen's  in- 


254>      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    structions,  she  would  not  suffer  the  earl  to  be  present  at  the 
'        mass,  when  the  child  was  to  be  christened,  though  he  were 


Anno  1.572.  a  papist  himself,  and  a  favourer  of  the  queen  of  Scots, 
otherwise  a  good  simple  gentleman,  (as  Leicester  gave 
his  character  to  Walsingham.)  For  thus  ran  the  instruc- 
tions :  "  If  the  emperor's  ambassador  hold  the  child  him- 
"  self,  you  may  also  do  it.  But  that  if  you  shall  peixeive, 
"  that  any  device  or  other  sinister  means  shall  be  gone 
"  about  to  bring  you  to  their  mass,  or  any  other  supersti- 
"  tious  ceremony,  which  the  order  of  our  realm  doth  not 
"  allow,  you  shall  not  consent,  nor  assist  in  it ;  but  ra- 
"  ther  absent  yourself.  And  understanding  that  before,  he 
"  should  with  honourable  excuse  require  the  queen-mother, 
"  that  the  queen  of  Navarr  (to  whom  she  had  in  this  case 
"  written  her  special  letters)  should  be  her  deputy  for  him. 
"  Or  in  the  absence  or  let  of  her,  any  other  princess  or  no- 
"  blewoman  ;  whom  it  should  please  the  queen-mother  to 
"  appoint  to  it/' 

The  child  was  named  Mary  Elizabeth,  the  empress  and 
-^     the  queen's  majesty  both  giving  the  name ;  as  the  earl  of 
Leicester  wrote  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  in  his  corre- 
spondence, among  other  things.    One  more  whereof  was, 
the  accident  that  befell  the  said  earl  of  Worcester  in  his  voy- 

The  said      age  to  France.    Where,  near   Bulloign,  where  he  landed, 

earl  robbed  ,  i  i      i  i  •  i  i 

by  pirates,  ^e  was  robbed  by  pn'ates ;  who  were  very  numerous  at  that 

time  upon  the  seas,  and  had  taken  many  merchants'  ships : 

which  caused  the  queen  to  set  forth  some  of  her  fleet  to 

take  and  disperse  them.    The  success  of  which  (as  the  same 

172  earl  wrote)  was,   that  in  the  Downs,  Mr.  Holdstock,  that 

went  out  for   the   admiral,  and   had   taken  on  him   that 

charge,  had  taken  seven  great  piratical  ships ;  and  in  them 

four  hundred  men :  and  in   the  west  there  were  three  or 

four  more  such  ships  taken.    So  that  in  short  he  trusted  the 

sea  should  be  scoured ;  and  hoped   they  that  robbed  the 

earl  were  some  of  them. 

Some  ac-         The  queeu  had  prudently  fixed  upon  this  earl  for  this 

this  noble-  honourable  Embassage,  a  person   of  great  honour,  and  of 

""ii"'  the  Roman  catholic  religion,  as  one  like  to  be  the  more  ac- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  255 

ceptable  to  that  court:  for  notwithstanding  the  sUght  cha-    CHAP. 
racter  Leicester  gave  of  him,   the  lord  Burghley  recom- 


mending him  to  Walsingham,  in  order  to  his  reception  of  Anno  1572. 
him,  when   he   should  come  to   Paris,  told  him,  that  he 
should  find  him  a  nobleman  of  great  gentleness  and  thank- 
fulness.   And  that  he  should  see  good  reason  to  shew  him 
all  good  offices  and  favours.    And  adding,   that  in  very 
truth,  [such  was  his  merits,]  that  he  loved  him  dearly.  And 
this  passage  is  remarkable  of  him,  that  though  he  were  of 
the  Romish  religion,  such  was  his  loyalty  and  love  to  the 
queen,  that  being  come  to  Paris,  the  countess  of  Northum- 
berland, who  was  his  sister,  sent  unto  him  a  messenger,  sig- 
nifying her  intent  to  visit  him.    This  he  made  Walsingham 
privy  to.    And  though  she  were  so  nearly  related  to  him, 
yet  in  respect  of  his  dutiful  carriage  towards  her  majesty, 
he  did  look   upon  her  but  as  a  mere    stranger;  and  so 
meant,  he  said,  to  do,  until  such   time  as  her  peace  was 
made.    Nor  would  he  so  much  as  vouchsafe  to  give  ear  to 
any  messenger  or  message  from  her.    And  therefore  willed 
the  messenger  to  forbear  to  repair  unto  him.    And  so  did 
Charles  Somerset  Qiis  brother,  as  I  suppose]  behave  him- 
self in  regard  of  the  message  brought  to  him,  utterly  refus- 
ing to  speak  with  the  bringer.     This  Walsingham  signified 
to  the  said  lord  Burghley. 

But  now  to  see  a  little  the  issue  and  event  of  these  cruel  The  pro- 
and  unjust  counsels  of  France ;  and  what  troubles  it  drew  [o^rocLiJ 
upon  itself  presently ;  according  to  accounts  of  them  written  and  hold  it. 
in  private  letters  of  our  own  statesmen.    Many  of  the  pro- 
testants,  in  the  midst  of  these  slaughters,  fled  away,  and  got 
to   Rochel;    which    they   kept,    and   defended    themselves 
there ;  and  held  out,  and  raised  considerable  forces  at  Lan- 
guedoc ;  while  the  king  was  troubled  to  raise  men  against 
them :  for  at  a  diet  in  Switzerland  they  agreed  to  allow  no 
man  to  be  sent  as  a  soldier  to  France ;  fearing  to  be  served 
as  they  had  served  the  protestants  there.  And  the  Germans 
(whence  also  they  used  to  have  their  supply  of  men  for  the 
wars)  answered  the  king's  messengers  roughly ;  who  were 


256      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    sent  to  raise  men  there;  according  to  Walsinghanfs  intelli- 
ffence  sent  hither. 


to" 


Anno  1 572.      The  Rochellers  took  the  isle  of  Ree  in  December ;  wliere- 
iish^eothf-  ^y  ^^^^y  ^^^^  ^^^^  haven  free,  and  might  receive  sucli  suc- 
ther  to  as-  cours  as  Came  unto  them  by  sea.    Divers  English  also  came 
thither,  to  give  them  their  assistance.    Insomuch  as,  in  Ja- 
nuary, Mauvesire  let  the  English  ambassador  at  Paris  un- 
derstand, that  the  king  was  informed,  there  should  be  cer- 
tain ships  (to  the  number  of  fourteen)  preparing  to  repair  to 
Rochel.    And  that  thouoh  Frenchmen  and  Fleming-s  bare 
the  name  of  them,  yet  they  were  not  unfurnished  of  some 
English  mariners.    And  that  therefore  the  king  and  queen- 
mother  desired  the  queen  would  give  order  for  the  restraint 
of  them. 
173      In  February  secretary  Smith  wrote  to  the  earl  of  Shrews- 
Several        bury,  that  the  French  king   made  great  preparations  for 

overthrows  .      .  &  r     1 

of  the  the  besieging  of  Rochel ;  but  made  no  great  haste  thither, 

king's  side  ^^qj.  ^^^t,  as  it  seems,  of  men.]  And  that  when  they  came 
before  it,  to  besiege  it,  the  Rochellers  gave  them  divers  over- 
throws. And  that  all  kinds  of  victuals  were  extremely 
scarce  in  France.  So  that  great  suit  was  made  for  some 
wheat  from  hence. 
Troubles  The  French  court  was  much  aggrieved,  as  well  in  this 

France'.'      ^^  ^^  Other  matters:  that  things  framed  so  untowardly,  and 
Waising-     went  backward  with  them,  as  Walsingham  made  his  obser- 
tends  God's  vatiou ;  and  the  wisest  sort   sticked  not   to  say,  that  the 
revenge,      greatest   troubles  were  now  but  a  beginning.    And   if  it 
should  prove  true  that  was  written  out  of  Germany,  that 
the  marquis  of  Brandenburgh  was  like  to  be  chosen  king  of 
Poland,  they  might  perhaps  have  just  cause  to  repent  their 
late  dealings.    But  however,  added  that  same  ambassador, 
that  it  fell  out  so,  that  we  should  see  that  God  would  work 
somewhat,  whereby  it  might  appear  that  the  blood  of  his 
saints  was  dear  to  him.     And  then  added,  as  it  were  })ro- 
phetically ;  "  Perhaps   we  did  build   too  much   upon  the 
"  courage  and  wisdom  of  them  that  be  dead,  [viz.  tlie  ad- 
"  miral,  &c.]  but  God  can  raise  up  stcmes  to  set  forth  his 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  257 

""  glory.  So  that  we  need  not  doubt  to  see  his  revenge,  un-    CHAP. 
"  less  our  sins  be  the  let."  Thus  did  that  good  man  portend 


what  indeed  came  to  pass  soon  after.  Anno  1572. 

And  so  did  another,  namely,  secretary  Smith,  (in  abhor-  And  so 
rence  of  the  thoughts  of  this  enormous  act,)  express  his  from  the 
mind  upon  the  appearance  of  a  new  star,  in  his  letter  to  "'^^^'  **'^'"- 
Walsingham,  dated  December  11,  writing,  "That  he  was 
'  sure  he  had  heard  of,  and  did  think  he  had  seen  the  new 
'  star  comet,  but  without  beard  or  tail.  Which  had  ap- 
'  peared  these  three  weeks  on  the  back-side  of  the  star  of 
'  Cassiopeia,  and  on  the  edge  of  the  Via  Lactea.  The  big- 
'  ness  whereof  was  between  the  bigness  of  Jupiter  and  Ve- 
'  nus ;  and  kept  there  to  his  appearance ;  he  having  no  in- 
'  strument  to  observe  it ;  and  because  of  the  cold  weather 
'  also  was  dark.  Which  also  observed  the  precise  order  of 
'  the  fixed  stars,  such  an  one,  he  said,  he  had  never  ob- 
'  served,  [who  yet  was  a  great  astronomer,]  nor  read  of. 
'  And  prayed  Walsingham  to  let  him  know  what  the  wise 
'  men  of  Paris  judged  upon  it.  He  knew,  he  said,  they 
'  would  not  think  it  the  admiral's  soul ;  as  the  Romans  did 
'  of  the  comet,  next  appearing  after  the  murder  of  Julius 
'  Caesar,  that  it  was  his  soul.  But  it  may  be,  added  Smith, 
'  it  may  be  Astraea,  now  peeping  out  afar  off  in  the  north, 
'  to  see  what  revenge  shall  be  done  upon  so  much  innocent 
'  blood  shed  in  France  at  a  marriage  banquet,  and  rere- 
'  suppers  after  it." 

But  upon  so  wondrous  a  phenomenon,  what  further  ob-  Life  of  Sir 
servations  the  learned  Smith  made,  and  what  his  inquiries 
were,  may  be  seen  in  his  Life  written  by  me. 

Rochel  still  in  the  month  of  March  was  held  by  the  pro-  Rocliei 
testants,  and  bravely  was  maintained  of  them  against  all  the  j"^,Q*^°/j^g 
forces  of  the  French  king  hitherto.    And  two  of  the  chiefest  murderers 
executors  of  the  late  murder  in  Paris  were  slain  in  a  skir- 
mish happening  between  the  king's  camp  and  those  of  Ro- 
chel, viz.  dvike  d'Aumale  and  Schaviger.    The  queen's  am- 
bassador sent  a  messenger  on  purpose  to  relate  to  her  the  1 74 
particulai'ities  thereof.    And  liad  this  passage  in  his  letter 

VOL.  II.  s 


258       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION     ' 

BOOK    concerning  this  remarkable  just  bloodshed  upon  the  shed- 

'        ders  of  blood,  that  God  of  that  good  beginning  gave  them 

Anno  1572.  some  hopes,  that  the  blood  of  the  innocent  should  not  be 

Innocent     unrevenged.    The  marshal  Tavannes,  one  of  the  greatest 

b  oofl  re-  o  ^  o 

venged.  persecutors  at  the  massacre,  died  the  next  year,  eaten  up  of 
lice.  And  one  Besme,  who  murdered  the  admiral  Coligni, 
had  the  same  year  his  thigh  shot  off  with  a  cannon  at  this 
siege :  as  Dr.  Dale,  ambassador  there  at  Paris,  in  the  year 
1573,  wrote  to  the  earl  of  Sussex. 
The  queen  Many  of  the  English  nation,  both  noblemen  and  gentle- 
the  En-'-  *^  "^^^  ^^  anticnty,  and  great  quality,  offered  now  at  their  own 
lish  go  to  charge  to  find  an  army  of  20,000  foot  and  2,000  horse,  for 
six  months  in  Gascoine.  And  so  earnest  they  were,  that  it 
was  already  known  to  themselves  both  where  the  men  were 
to  be  had,  and  the  money  too.  And  they  only  desired  a 
permission  from  the  queen.  And  the  queen  had  much  ado 
to  detain  them  from  adventuring  themselves  thither ;  shew- 
ing herself  much  offended  therewith ;  and  that  with  great 
charge  under- pain  of  her  high  indignation.  This  the  lord 
treasurer  signified  to  Walsingham ;  and  that  this  was  told 
the  French  ambassador.  Who  confessed  he  had  understand- 
ing of  the  same ;  and  was  constrained  to  confess  how  much 
his  master  was  bound  unto  her  majesty.  This  also  the  said 
lord  treasurer  writ  to  Walsingham,  and  told  him  withal, 
that  he  might  notify  it  to  the  king,  and  amplify  it ;  for  that 
it  was  true,  and  meet  to  be  uttered. 
Books  set  Thus  did  these  wicked  counsels  and  courses  begin  to  cre- 
ver  the  late  ate  work  and  trouble  enough  for  France.  And  one  part  of 
murders,  their  labour  was  still  to  smother  the  villainy  with  lies.  Books 
were  set  forth  for  that  purpose.  A  lewd  letter  was  written 
by  one  Carpenter,  an  apostate,  in  defence  of  the  late  do- 
ings, (which  Walsingham  sent  to  the  lord  treasurer ;)  writ- 
ten originally  in  Latin,  and  then  translated  into  French. 
Divers  of  them  in  Latin  were  spread  studiously  into  Ger- 
many. But  the  author's  lewdness  was  so  well  known,  as  it 
woidd  but  little  help  their  cause.  They  were  also  sent  into 
Poland ;  labour  being  now  made  for  monsieur,  the  king's 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  259 

brother,  to  be  chosen  kiiiff  there;  for  the  bishop  of  Valence    CHAP, 
had  writ,  that  the  late  accident  would  be  one  of  the  greatest '__ 


lets  to  that  they  were  seeking  for.  Anno  i572. 

Scotland  was  now  in  civil  wars ;  the  queen  of  Scots''  party  The  queen 
on  one  hand,  and  that  of  the  kirk  (who  had  set  up  her  p^^"^^!"^  *''* 
young  son  for  king)  on  the  other,  labouring  to  overpower  Scotland, 
each  other.    It  was  now  queen  Elizabeth's  care  to  set  both 
parties  at  peace  with  each  other :   which  in  the  month  of 
August    she    had    pretty   well    effected.     Both   parties   (as 
secretary    Smith    informed.    Walsingham    in     their    corre- 
spondence) had  subscribed  and  sealed  to  it :  and  both  like- 
wise had  written  letters  of  thanks  to  her  for  the  pains  taken 
by  the  marshal  of  Berwic,  [Drury  :]   and  likewise  professed 
to  stand  to  that  order ;  which  was  very  honourable  both  to 
the  French  king,  and  the  queen,  and  not  dishonourable  to 
the  Scotch  king,  viz.  that  in  his  infancy  such  a  noble  per- 
son should  accord  to  make  quietness  in  that  realm.    But 
however,  this  abstinence  from  war  was  not  so  well  kept  by 
the  king's  party  as  reason  would ;  the  town  of  Edinburgh 
being  wholly  at  the  direction  of  the  regent ;  and  contrary  to  l^S 
the  covenant,  he  kept  the  men  of  war  there.   Whereof  they 
of  the  castle  complained ;  as  the  lord  treasurer  soon  after 
informed  the  said  Walsingham. 

But  now,  a  little  time  after,  let  us  look  over  into  Scot-  The  Scots' 
land  again,  and  see  what  effects  this  French  massacre  had  aiienatLd 
upon  them ;  otherwise  before  not  very  friendly  to  Eng-  f^om 
land.    It  opened  their  eyes,  and  they  began  to  abhor  the 
French,  and  to  abate  the  good  opinion  of  them,  or  trust  to 
have  any  help  from  them.    The  lord  Levingston,  and  di- 
vers other  Scotch  gentlemen,  were  now  in  France  soliciting 
their  cause  there.    But  seeing  no  way  to  enjoy  the  liberty  of 
their  conscience,  desired  passports  of  the  English  ambassa- 
dor there,  to  return  home.    Wherein  he  was  less  difficult  to 
grant  their  desire  than  before  he  was,  since  they  seemed,  as 
he  saw  upon  the  late  accident,  to  desire  most  perfect  amity 
between  the  two  crowns  of  England  and  Scotland  in  respect 
of  the  common  cause  of  religion. 

And  the  said  ambassador  did  suppose,  that  by  their  pass- 

s  2 


260       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   ing  by  that  way,  [viz.  by  England,]  and  receiving  good  en- 
tertainment at  her  majesty's  hand,  they  would  rather  do 


Anno  1572. good  than  harm  at  home;  that  is,  by  making  them  in  their 
to  abetter  Country  understand  what  had  passed  in  France;  and  the 
understand- danger  that  was  like  to  follow  without  perfect  union  be- 
Eiio^iand.  tweeu  the  said  crowns.  Adding,  that  some  of  the  wisest 
Waising-     gQj.f  j]^^^  were  there,  [in  France,!  and  that  were  before  ene- 

hitm's  ad-  .  ,  .  .  . 

vice.  mies,  and  now  become  friends,  did  wish  that  her  majesty 

would  seek  to  make  reconciliation  between  earl  Morton  and 

lord   Liddington ;  and  that   she,  by   some  pension,   make 

both  him  and  others  assured  to  her.    And  that  they  thought, 

that  by  disbursing  2  or  3000/.  a  year,  she  might  save  the 

disbursing   of   many  thovisands ;    besides    the  avoiding  of 

many  dangerous  practices  that  were  like  to  grow  that  way ; 

viz.  from  Scotland.     Walsingham  backed  all  this  with  the 

consideration   of  the   circumstances   of  the  present   time ; 

which  rendered  tliis  device  reasonable. 

Smith's  ap-       To  which  advicc,  I  find  secretary  Smith,  in  the  month  of 

t'liereof""     Octobcr,  giving  this  answer  from  Windsor,  in  approbation 

The  Scots    thereof,  that  the  Scots  were  awakened  by  those  beacons  in 

terrified       France ;  and  that  the  lords  in  Scotland  drew  nearer  and 

with  those  nearer  to  accord.    So  that  now  it  was  rather  in  hope  than 

beacons.        ...  .         . 

in  despair,  [as  it  was  before.]  And  that  these  cruelties  in 
France  had  helped  not  a  little ;  and  now  continuing,  would 
much  more.  And  that  he  [Walsingham]  had  given  good 
advice,  that  all  Scotchmen  should  not  be  stayed  [that  were 
minded  to  come  home  from  France,  where  they  were  prac- 
tising.] And  lastly,  he  added,  that  some  of  the  late  commis- 
sioners [about  Scottish  affairs  with  England]  had  given  the 

rest  in  Scotland  a  good [jog]  to  make  them  awake. 

France  What  little  confidence  the  queen  might  put  in  her  late 

to  England  Icague  with  France,  did  before  now  appear  in  their  under- 
in  Scottish  ]iand  dcalinp-s  in  Scottish  matters.     Messengers,  that  were 

matters.  o       ' 

Englishmen,  often  came  to  Paris  from  Spain  and  Flanders, 
to  transact  matters  privately,  to  blow  the  coals  in  Scotland 
against  the  queen  of  England.  Standen,  (of  whom  before,) 
ill  the  month  of  November,  arrived  at  Paris  in  post  out  of 
Flanders;  and   stayed   there  only  five  days,  having  daily 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  261 

-•onference  with    the    Scottish    ambassador;  together  with    CHAP. 

.  XIX. 

another  Englislinian  of  the  same  strain,  one  Liggons,  who L 


at  his  return  (which  was  by  post)  accompanied  him  into^""^  ^•^'7^" 
Flanders.  Whereby  a  Scottish  man  there,  that  wished  con-  * 
tinuance  of  quiet  in  his  own  country,  feared  hereby  that 
there  was  some  dangerous  practice  in  hand.  And  Wilham 
Seers,  another  Enghshman,  and  servant  to  the  earl  of  West- 
moreland, (that  headed  the  rebellion  in  the  north,)  arrived 
there,  at  Paris,  likewise,  November  24,  sent  thither  by  the 
said  earl.  Immediately  upon  his  anival,  Viracque  went 
with  him  to  the  court.  And  he  reported,  that  in  the  north 
country  and  York,  to  the  borders,  all  the  whole  country 
was  at  the  earPs  devotion.  So  that  a  few  men  employed 
there  by  the  king,  [the  French  king,  to  whom  this  message 
was  brought,]  might  assure  him,  that  her  majesty  [queen 
Elizabeth]  should  be  kept  so  occupied,  as  she  should  have 
no  leisure  to  send  any  supply  to  Rochel :  which  was  sus- 
pected by  France. 

And  the  French  also  in  the  mean  time  laboured  to  keep  The  Scot-^ 
up  distractions  in  Scotland ;  thereby  to  consult  the  better  g'^^assa-" 
for  the  Scottish  queen's  advantage,  now  in  hold  in  Eng- dor's  pri- 

^  1   •       1  •         1  •  1         «vate  access 

land.  It  was  observed  by  Walsmgham,  m  this  month  otto  the 
November,  that  the  Scottish  ambassador  did  daily  repair  to  '^^^^^^^ 
the  court,  and  had  often  conference  with  the  queen-mother 
at  an  extraordinary  time  in  the  morning;  whenas  com- 
monly no  ambassador  had  access  but  in  the  afternoon.  And 
that  Ijefore,  in  talk  apart  with  his  friends,  he  said,  that  if 
the  troubles  of  Scotland  had  not  been,  his  mistress  had  been 
at  liberty,  and  perhaps  had  enjoyed  a  better  crown  than 
Scotland  was.  And  said  further,  that  if  his  mistress  had  as 
many  good  friends  in  Scotland  as  she  had  in  England,  she 
had  not  long  remained  in  prison,  as  she  did.  And  knitting 
up  all  in  the  end  of  this  relation,  he  concluded,  Thus  you 
see,  said  he,  what  a  dangerous  guest  her  majesty  har- 
boureth.  Insomuch  that  the  said  Walsingham  asserted, 
that  the  French  also  had  a  secret  understanding  with  the 
Spaniard,  in  order  to  the  destroying  of  the  religion  every 

s3 


262       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    where;  saying,  Surely  there  is  a  great  mischief  a  brewing. 
^'        And  that  he  was  assured,  that  within  these  eight  days  \i\ 
Anno  1572.  [meaning  by  that  cipher,  probably,  the  French  king]  pro- 
tested, that  he  would  never  be  quiet  as  long  as  the  exer- 
cise of  religion  continued  in  any  place  of  Christendom.    He 
added,  that  he  knew  further  particularly,  that  their  king 
had  said,  he  would  never  forget  Newhaven,  until  revenge 
were  made :  so  that  the  said  Walsingham  professed,  that  he 
never  knew  so  deep  a  dissembler  as  that  king.    And  that  he 
was  sure,  that  the  murder  of  the  admiral  should  have  been 
executed  at  Blois,   [where  the  league  of  peace  and  amity 
was   made,  and  the   greatest   friendship   pretended,]    but 
that  they  saw  him  too  well  accompanied  [to  be  assassinated 
there.]    Yet  his  further  intelligence  was,  that  it  was  agreed, 
that  both  he  and  Spain  should,  for  avoiding  of  suspicion  of 
the  legate's  coming,  entertain  the  1 3 1  [queen  Elizabeth's  am- 
bassador, as  that  cipher  seems  to  import]  with  good  words ; 
and  that  Spain  should  make  some  show,  to  be  glad  to  come 
to  some  accord. 
The  queen       That  king,  by  these  his  practices,  received  another  dis- 
trust the     appointment  of  a  desire  he  made  to  the  queen ;  by  her  dis- 
Ji'ig-  trusting  him,  and  not  daring  to  venture  upon  his  word ;  a 

mortification  to  him.  For  when,  in  October,  the  French 
177a"ibassador  signified  to  the  queen,  that  it  was  his  desire 
that  she  would  send  over  either  the  lord  treasurer  or  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  to  confirm  the  league  on  the  queen's  side, 
that  was  made  between  him  and  her ;  the  answer  was, 
"  That  the  queen  was  sorry  that  there  was  such  an  alter- 
*'  ation  of  occasion  of  doing  such  an  office :  for  as  her  ma- 
"  jesty  before  had  intention  to  have  sent  either  one  of  them, 
"  or  such  other  as  should  have  been  as  agreeable  to  the 
"  king ;  so  now  there  was  to  all  the  world  one  great  cause, 
"  that  her  majesty  might  not  with  honour,  nor  with  law  of 
"  nature,  send  any  whom  she  loved,  to  be  in  danger,  as  it 
"  seemed  they  might  be,  though  the  king  had  never  so 
"  good  a  meaning :  for  by  the  death  of  so  many,  whom 
"  the  king  did  not  avow,  nor  yet  punished  the  murderers, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  263 

"  what  could  strangers  expect;  especially,  when  the  king  CHAP. 
*'  pretended,  as  by  liis  own  letters  it  appeared,  that  it  was. 


the  fury  of  the  catholics  against  those  of  the  religion?" Anno  1572. 
It  is  very  likely  these  prime  counsellors  of  the  queen  were 
designed  to  be  butchered,  could  they  by  this  wile  have  got 
them  there. 

The  secret  ill  designs  of  France  against  the  queen  did  A  private 
now  appear  more  and  more.  And  their  favour  to  the  Scot-  rying  on  in 
tish  queen  was^  learned,  notwithstanding  their  hypocritical  France 
pretences,  and  concealments  of  their  mnids.  ihe  vigilant  England  to 
Walsingham  gave  private  intelhgence,  that  January  19 'nvade  it. 
there  was  a  great  secret  council,  (present  only  the  cardinal  of 
Lorain  and  two  others,)  for  dehvering  that  queen :  which 
was,  that  they  should  for  the  present  maintain  peace  with 
those  of  the  religion  at  Rochel  and  other  places ;  because, 
until  such  time  as  England  might  be  kept  occupied,  there 
could  grow  no  thorough  redress  in  France  without  hazard- 
ing the  whole  state ;  therefore  it  was  requisite  to  yield  to 
them  of  Rochel.  After  that  was  done,  the  marquis  of 
Maine  should  bring  a  thousand  shot  into  Scotland,  in  re- 
spect that  he  was  the  queen  of  Scots'  kinsman  ;  (but  this  to 
be  disavowed  by  the  king.)  And  so  to  join  the  queen's 
party.  And  then  to  repair  to  Edinburgh  ;  where  Lidding- 
ton  and  George  Kirkaldy  had  promised  to  deliver  up  the 
castle  to  such  as  the  king  should  appoint ;  upon  recompence 
to  receive  some  living  there  in  France.  And  there  a  suffi- 
cient garrison  should  fortify  other  important  places,  beside 
Dundee,  and  at  Haymouth.  This  done,  the  duke  of  Guise 
should  come  over  with  forces  to  procure  the  delivery  of  the 
queen  of  Scots.  And  such  of  that  queen's  friends  that  were 
in  England  would  incontinent  take  arms.  Who  gave  out 
to  them  in  France,  that  her  party  and  forces  were  so  great, 
that  having  good  leaders  and  munition,  they  should  be  able 
to  make  their  party  good  enough,  and  to  deliver  that  queen, 
in  despite  of  her  majesty. 

The  pope's  legate  now  in  France  opened  the  scene  still  The  pope's 

i     I  o  1  _  leo'ate  in 

more,  it  being  learned  by  the  industrious  English  ambassa-  France 
dor  there,  that  among  other  articles  of  his  instructions,  (as  practiseth 

'  o  ^      with  the 


264       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    the  said  ambassador  wrote  over,  December  28,)  he  was  com- 
^'        manded  earnestly  to  commend  the  queen  of  Scots''  case  to 
Anno  1572.  the  kinff,  and  to  devise  with  him  some  means  for  her  de- 
*<•"&  hverance.    Whereby  it  might  come  to  pass,  that  England 

En-^iaiid.  might  be  reduced  to  the  cathohc  faith.  The  Scottish  am- 
bassador had  more  often  recourse  to  him  than  any  other 
ambassador  there :  which  made  the  Enghsh  ambassador,  as 
1  78  he  said,  the  rather  to  doubt  some  practice.  And  Hamilton, 
brother  to  him  that  killed  the  regent  in  Scotland,  sent  this 
message  to  duke  Chasteauherault,  viz.  to  do  what  he  might 
to  keep  the  castle  of  Edinburgh,  and  to  maintain  his  party, 
until  Whitsuntide  next;  assuring  him,  that  by  that  time 
they  should  have  assistance,  both  from  the  pope,  Spain,  and 
that  crown  [of  France.]  This  intelligence  Walsingham  had 
from  the  messenger  himself,  who  was  to  carry  it :  as  he 
wrote  to  the  lord  treasurer :  that  the  party  himself  that  was 
to  do  this  message  made  him  acquainted  with  it,  who  was 
then  departed  toward  Scotland:  and  had  promised  to  de- 
clare no  less  to  Mr.  Randolph,  [the  queen''s  agent  in  Scot- 
land,] who  knew  him.  Perhaps  this  messenger  was  Steward, 
a  Scot,  that  Walsingham  sometimes  mentioned  in  his  letters. 


CHAP.    XX. 

A  libel  printed  in  France  against  the  state  of  England. 
The  queen  zoould  see  duke  d'Alen^on:  xcho  still  courted 
her.  Her  resolutions.  The  Scots  move  for  a  league  with 
queen  Elizabeth.  The  Papists  hope  for  a  golden  day. 
Massmongers  practise  conjuring.  Severed  of  them  taken, 
and  sent  up.  The  disciplinarians  busy.  Admonition  to 
the  parliament.  Divers  deprived  upon  the  act  13.  Eliz. 
Divers  disaffected  to  the  government  of  the  church. 
Chark,  of  Peter-house,  expelled  for  a  clerum  at  St. 
Marys.  His  appecd  to  the  chancellor  of  the  university. 
Dering,  reader  of  St.  PauFs,  zc)-ites  a  reflecting  letter  to 
the  lord  Burghley.  His  anszcer  to  it.  And  Dering's 
vindication  of  what  he  had  writ. 

\VhAT  else,  but  French  ill-will  to  England,  could  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  ^65 

gathered  from  a  most  malicious  lying  book,  that  was  now    CHAP, 
printed  in  France,  about  the  month  of  January;   aimmg 


chiefly  against  the  queen's  two  great  ministers,  viz.  the  lord  Anno  1572. 
keeper  of  the  great  seal,  and  the  lord  high  treasurer :  wrote  ^^^^^^^^  .^ 
by  some  French  rancorous  person,  having  his  instructions  France  a- 
from    some   crafty   rebellious   papist  of   England.     Who,  f^j^^JJ'^^g^^ur. 
though  he  meant  it  maliciously  against  the  whole  state,  yet  er,  &c. 
he  vented  his  choler  and  despite  chiefly  against  those  two, 
by  nicknames.     The  good  lord  Burghley,  lord  treasurer, 
was  so  moved  at  his  slander,  that  he  uttered  these  words : 
"  God  amend  his  spirit,  and  confound  his  mahce.    And  for 
"  my  part,  if  I  have  any  such  malicious  or  malignant  spirit, 
"  God  presently  so  confound  my  body  to  ashes,  and  my 
"  soul  to  perpetual  torment  in  hell." 

The  subject  of  this  book  was  concerning  the  queen  of 
Scots,  and  the  case  of  the  duke  of  Norfolk.     Concerning 
the  former,  it  would  be  said  by  her  friends  in  France,  that 
it  was  but  reason   that   answer   should  be  made   to   such  1 79 
books  as  were  published  for  the  condemning  of  that  queen. 
But  to  have  the  duke  of  Norfolk's  case  brought  in  question 
[a  subject  of  England,  and  condemned  by  public  justice] 
iDy  those  that  were  counsellors  to  the  queen,  to  be  so  mali- 
ciously and  falsely  calumniated,  might  not  well  stand  with 
the  terms  of  the  amity  professed :  as  that  lord  wrote  to  the 
English  ambassador.  Who  had  a  great  mind  to  understand 
who  the  author  was.   And  desired  him  to  make  his  inquiry :  Endeavours 
adding,  that  if  by  means  of  the  printer  it  might  be  found  ["^/^f^^hoJ. 
out,  he  would  bestow  a  reward  upon  the  discovery.     But 
that  if  it  could  not,  then  he  wished  that  some  means  might 
be  used,  as  of  himself,  to  the  queen-mother,  that  the  print 
might  be  destroyed.     For  that  otherwise  they  should  think 
themselves,  considering  the  places  they  held  in  this  estate, 
not  well  considered  by  that  estate.      He  added,  that  this 
licentiousness,  to  inveigh  against  men  by  name  in  printed 
books,  who  did  not  themselves  use  by  books  to  provoke 
any,  was  in  all  good  estates  intolerable.     And  then  he  add- 
ed, by  way  of  protestation  of  the  integrity  and  faithfulness 
of  both  their  services :  "  God,"  said  he,  "  send  this  estate 


266      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "no  worse  meaning  servants,  in  all  respects,  than  we  two 
"  have  been.    Who  indeed  have  not  spared  labour  nor  care 


Anno  1572."  to  serve  our  queen  and  country.    And  if  we  had  not,  we 
"  might  truly  avow,  neither   our  queen   nor  country  had 
"  enjoyed  that  common  repose  that  it  hath  done." 
The  queen's      The  courtships  of  duke  d'Alen9on   still  went  on  not- 
last  resoiu-  withstanding: ;  it  being;  now  the  month  of  March,  when  the 

tions  about  .  . 

D'Aiencon.  queen^'s  resolutions  about  it,  (as  the  lord  treasurer  imparted 
to  her  ambassador  in  France,  in  order  to  his  acquainting 
the  king  and  the  queen-mother  therewith,)  were,  that  she 
could  not  consent  any  person  to  be  her  husband,  that  with 
her  authority  and  assent  should  use  any  manner  of  reli^on 
in  open  exercise,  that  was  in  her  conscience  contrary  and 
repugnant  to  the  direct  word  of  Almighty  God :  and  so  con- 
sequently prohibited  by  the  laws  of  the  realm.  And  that 
she  could  not  accord  to  take  any  person  to  her  husband, 
whom  she  should  not  first  see.  That  if  therefore  monsieur 
le  Due  would  obtain  her  for  his  wife  without  sight  of  him, 
her  majesty  could  not  so  be  had.  And  yet,  that  she  was 
very  loath,  that  he  should  think  that  she  desired  his  coming, 
but  as  himself  should  find  it  meet,  by  the  advice  of  the  king 
his  brother  and  the  queen-mother.  To  whom  she  remitted 
the  consideration  thereof:  with  this  assiu-ance,  that  she 
meant  in  good  faith  to  marry  with  him,  if  upon  his  sight 
the  one  might  like  of  the  other.  And  that  for  the  cause  of 
religion,  he  and  she  might  so  accord,  as  that  which  he 
should  demand  were  assented  to,  without  offence  of  her 
conscience,  and  without  trouble  of  her  estate.  And  that 
that  point  of  religion  was  thought  meetest  to  be  left  at 
large,  to  be  comnmned  upon  between  themselves.  So  as  if 
it  should  mishap,  that  if  one  of  them  might  not  fall  in  like 
of  the  other,  as  to  a  conclusion  of  marriage,  that  the  re- 
fusal, or  breaking  up,  migbt  be  imputed  to  the  cause  of  re- 
ligion. And  so  either  party  might  honourably  be  discharged 
to  the  world, -and  no  occasion  grow  thereby  of  unkindness 
between  them. 
180     The  business  then  coming  to  this  issue,  the  duke's  person 

D'Aien-      ^gg  ^  Stay  to  the  match,  he  being,  it  seems,  no  very  person- 
^on's  person  '' 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  267 

able  man,  whereof  take  this  account  from  the  queen's  am-   CHAP, 
bassador  himself;    who,  when  the  lord  Burghley  had  re-      ^^ 


quested  him  to  shew  what  his  private  opinion  was  of  that  Anno  1 572. 

marriage,  gave  him  this  answer:  "  That  the  great  impedi- Ijot^ij^^^y" 

"  ment  he  found  was  the  contentment  of  the  eye.     That  able  to  the 

"  gentleman,"  he  said,  "  was  void  of  any  good  favour,  be-'i"^^"' 

"  sides  the  blemish  of  the  small-pox.  Adding,  that  when  he 

"  weighed  the  same  with  the  delicacy  of  her  majesty's  eye ; 

"  and  considering  also,  that  there  were  some  about  her  in 

"  credit,  who  (in  respect  of  their  particular  interests,  hav- 

"  ing  neither  regard  unto  her  majesty,  nor  to  the  preser- 

"  vation  of  our  country  from  ruin)  would  rather  increase 

"  the  misliking,  by  defacing  of  him,  than  by  dutifully  lay- 

"  ing  before  her  the  necessity  of  her  marriage  :  and  that  in 

"  true  choice  the  satisfaction  of  the  ear  imported  more  than 

"  that  of  the  eye,  and  so  he  hardly  thought  there  would 

"  ever  grow  any  liking." 

Now  let  us  look  over  a  little  into  Scotland:  where  Ran- Scotland 
dolph  was  the  queen's  ambassador.    The  late  bloody  doings  J^king^a 
in  France,  and  the  secret  hobj  league,  (which  was  now  dis-  league  with 

.  the  GU€6n. 

covered,)  to  extirpate  the  true  religion,  wheresoever  it  had 
taken  root,  made  those  that  had  the  government  of  the 
kirk  of  Scotland  to  open  their  eyes.  Who,  in  October,  made 
and  finished  certain  articles  entitled.  Articles  of  the  ministry, 
barons,  and  commissioners  o/"  the  reformed  Mrlc  in  Scot- 
land, in  their  assembly :  given  at  Edinburgh,  the  ^Oth  day 
of  October;  to  be  presented  to  the  king''s  majesty,  our  sove- 
reign lord,  by  the  council,  nobility,  and  states  of  his  high- 
ness''s  realm,  when  they  shall  be  conveniate.  I  shall  only  set 
down  here  the  preamble  to  the  said  articles,  and  the  con- 
clusion, which  do  concern  entering  into  a  league  with  queen 
Elizabeth,  (the  rest  relating  to  their  government  of  the  state 
and  church  of  that  kingdom.)     It  beginneth ; 

"  Understanding  the  treasonable  cruelty  and  fearful  per- Their  rea- 
"  secution  begun,  and  intended  to  be  executed  against  tlie^J*g^°^jJ*-^ 
"  professors  of  God's  true  religion  over  all  Christendom,  Randolph. 
"  according  to  the  bloody  decrees  of  the  council  of  Trent ; 
"  and  assembled  at  command  and  desire  of  your  highness's 


268      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  letters,   to  consider  of  the  common  danger,  and  advise 
I  •  . 

'         "  upon  the  remedies,  we  have  collected  certain  heads  and 

Anno  1572."  articles,  to  be  presented  to  your  majesty,  and  to  your 
"  honourable  council  and  estates  for  this  your  realm  ;  most 
"  humbly  requiring  the  same  to  be  considered.  And  if 
*'  they  shall  find  the  same  to  tend  to  the  advancement  of 
"  God's  glory,  your  majesty ""s  obedience,  and  the  surety  of 
"  your  highness,  and  us,  all  your  good  subjects,  professors 
"  of  the  same  true  religion ;  that  then  the  same  articles  may 
"  be  allowed  of,  &c. 

"  Lastly,  seeing  the  enemies  of  God's  truth  are  conjured 
"  to  suppress  the  same,  and  all  professors  thereof;  and  that 
"  all  leeful  means  of  defence  are  allowed ;   that  there  may 
*'  be  motion  made  for  a  league  between  your  highness  and 
"  the  queen's  majesty  of  England,  your  realms  and  do- 
"  minions,  for  resisting  of  the  cruelty  and  treason  of  the 
"  papists.  And  that  her  majesty  may  be  also  moved  to  draw 
"  into  the  same  league  other  professors  of  the  said  true  re- 
"  ligion  in  other  countries.    And  that  thei-e  be  solempne 
181"  bands  among   the  professors  of  the  religion  within  the 
"  realm,  to  join  for  resisting  of  the  common  enemy.  And  if 
"  they  be  found  negligent,  to  be  esteemed  false  friends,  and 
"  excommunication  to  pass  against  them  therefore.*" 
The  papists      For  matters  more  domestic,  and  to  come  nearer  home, 
tbeiTgoid-  ^"^  within  our  own  territories,  I  begin  with  the  papists : 
en  day.        -^yl^o  Were  now  very  busy,  and  entertained  great  hopes  of 
the  golden  day,  as  they  called  the  restoration  of  the  old  re- 
ligion into  this  nation,  and  the  deprivation  of  queen  Eliza^ 
beth,  and  I  know  not  what.     They  talked  much  of  a  great 
revolution  about  this  year,  and  a  turning  back  to  popery 
again.     And  they  would  usually  say,  they  hoped  for  a  day. 
There  was  a  piece  of  poetry  (such  as  it  is)  that  went  about 
in  print  near  this  time,  called.  The  practice  of'  the  Devil. 
Wherein  the  Devil  is  brought  in  speaking  thus,  concerning 
the  emissaries  of  Rome  : 
Practice  of       But  iiow,  alas!  their  cloyning  is  so  spyed, 
b"  Laur '         '^^^^  there's  no  way  but  fly  quite  ore  the  seas. 
Ramsey.  In  England  but  a  few  in  respect  I  can  hide, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  269 

The  gospel  so  bewrayed  their  obscured  knavery,  CHAP. 

But  yet  some  do  escape  by  the  means  of  hypocrisy.  '___ 

And  bears  it  out  braglie,  and  little  wll  say,  Anno  1572. 

But  few  words  is  best :  they  hope  for  a  dmj. 

And  those  that  are  fled  out  of  country's  soyle. 

Have  friendship  privily  to  their  contentation  : 

And  watch  for  the  vintage  to  come  to  some  spoile. 

Greeting  by  letters  their  whole  generation, 

By  subtil  ciphering  ;  which  is  their  demonstration. 

Alluring  the  rest  to  stand  to  their  hope. 

That  the  day  is  coming,  to  have  again  their  pope. 

And  a  little  after,  the  same  foul  spirit  is  personated,  giv- 
ing his  counsel  to  these  sworn  creatures  of  the  pope,  with 
their  golden  expectation. 

Practise,  prate,  and  conjure,  play  Sylvester  s  part, 
Or  Hildebrand,  that  hel-hound  most  execrable : 
Poison  prince  or  king,  and  consume  them  by  art, 
As  divers  have  been  stirred  by  the  Romish  rable  : 
Flatter,  ly,  and  cogg  at  every  man's  table ; 
Having  blind  prophesies,  and  whisper  in  their  ear, 
That  ere  long  they  shal  have  great  change  of  this  geare. 

Among  the  rest  of  the  methods  made  use  of  by  the  Massmong- 
priests  and  Jesuits,  to  amuse  their  proselytes,  as  this  author  J^'^"^"  t^°"" 
mentioneth,  one  was  conjuring.    A  nest  of  these  conjuring  ken^m  the 
massmongers  was  discovered  now  in  the  north  parts  by  the 
diligence  of  Gilbert  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  lord  president  of  the 
north,  and  keeper  of  the  Scotch  queen  ;  amounting  to  a  great 
number,  that  is,  such  massing  priests,  as  commonly  used  con- 
juration, to  foretell  and  make  the  people  believe  this  golden 
day.     The  said  lord  president  had  employed  two  diligent 
persons,  whose  names  were  Pain  and  Peg,  to  find  them  out.  182 
The  lords  of  the  council,  by  letters  from  secretary  Smith,  Epist.  Com. 

All  Salop,  in 

returned  him  their  most  hearty  thanks.    And  the  queen  o^c.  Ar- 
also,  as  he  wrote,  had  heard  of  his  careful  ordering  of  those  ""•"• 
matters,  with  great  contentation  to  her  highness.    And  that 
those  matters  touching  the  massing,  and  such  disorders, 
were  referred  to  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  the  rest 
of   the   great  commission   ecclesiastical.     And  that   which 


270      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    should  appear,  by  examination,  to  touch  the  state  and  the 
^-        prince,  was  to  be  referred  again  to  tlie  lords  of  the  council. 


Anno  1572. 


discovers 

their  prac-  concerning  them 

tices.  '^ 


But  to  know  more  perfectly  who  these  conjurers  were, 
Keiiet,  one  ^j^^j  j^  wliat  their  coniuration  tended,  take  the  earl's  letter, 

of  them,  1      «.    1  1  1  •  •! 

dated  Feb.  1,  from  Shemeld  castle,  sent  to  the  privy  council 
Which  was  to  this  purport :  "  That  he 
had  sent  up  to  them  one  Avery  Kellet,  servant  unto 
Rowland  Lacon  of  Willy  in  Bridgenorth,  esq.  who  had 
sent  him  to  the  said  earl,  being  thereto  required  by  his 
servant,  that  had  searched  for  him  upon  his  command- 
ment. That  this  Avery,  upon  his  examination  of  him  at 
the  first,  would  needs  seem  to  be  simply  plain,  and  ut- 
terly both  innocent  and  ignorant  of  any  lewd  doings  or 
practice,  either  by  himself  or  by  any  other  person.  But 
after  sharper  imprisonment  for  one  night,  he  confessed 
that  he  was  a  dealer  with  the  conjurers;  and  that  he 
brought  several  books  of  that  art  unto  John  Revel,  which 
the  conjuring  scholars,  called  Palmer  and  Falconer,  and 
Skinner  the  priest,  did  occupy  in  their  practice  at  the 
said  Revel's  house.  And  he  said  further,  that  they  con- 
jured for  divers  causes;  viz.  for  hidden  money;  for  help- 
ing the  diseased;  for  knowing  some  secret  place  to  hide 
them;  and  to  have  certain  knowledge  also  touching  the 
state  of  this  realm.  And  hereby  the  said  earl  did  gather, 
that  this  Avery  could  declare  some  further  matter  need- 
ful to  be  discovered.  That  therefore,  considering  his  be- 
ing there  might  do  more  service  by  conference  with  other 
examinations,  than  he  could  do  in  those  parts,  [where  he 
was  taken,]  by  trying  the  more  speedily  those  practices ; 
he  thought  meet  not  to  stay  him  any  longer,  but  forth- 
with thus  to  send  him  to  be  used  there,  according  to  their 
lordships'  wisdoms. 

"  He  signified  also,  that  he  had  given  order  for  further 
seaixh  and  apprehension  of  such  others,  as  he  was  in- 
formed of,  suspected  to  be  doers,  or  privy  to  the  said 
practice.    Subscribed, 

"  Yours  at  commandment  to  my  power, 

"  G.  Shrewsbury." 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  271 

And  no  wonder  these  northern  parts  were  so  replenished   CHAP, 
with  such  popishly  affected  people,  since  the  late  rebellion,  ' 

which  sprang  iience.     They  were  observed  to  be  so  many  Anno  1572. 
now  in   Yorkshire,  and  their  numbers  still  so  formidable  f^P'^^* ,, 

'  _  lornudable 

there,  that  one  Mr.  Wharton  of  Rippon,  a  worthy  gentle-  for  their 

1  1  •  r»  ^1        1  •   •        1  /I  numbers  in 

man,  and  apprehensive  01  the  danger  arising  hence,  (where- Yorkshire, 
of  he  had  felt  the  smart  before,)  thought  convenient  to 
write  to  the  lord  treasurer  at  large  concerning  it :  with  his 
earnest  advice,  (the  gentlemen  in  those  parts  being  either 
too  weak  to  take  them  up,  or  disperse  them,  or  too  well  af- 
fected towards  them,  or  related  to  them,  to  do  it,)  that  for  183 
the  more  effectual  watching  that  country,  and  clearing  it  of 
such  false  subjects,  some  active  men  of  the  queen's  council 
in  the  south  should  be  sent  down  thither :  the  same  gentle- 
man offering  freely  his  own  service  therein,  and  to  come  up 
and  give  his  information.  The  letter  will  shew  these  things, 
and  the  like,  more  at  length  ;  and  is  well  worth  preserving. 
It  ran  to  this  tenor  : 

"  That  it  might  please  his  good  lordship  to  be  advertis-  Warning 
"  ed,  that  when  he  considered  how  honourably  the  estate  *'^^'^*°f 

.  .  .  .  given  in  a 

"  imperial  of  this  most  noble  region,  ever  since  the  begin-  letter  to  the 

"  ning  of  the  queen"'s  majesty"'s  most  gracious  reign,  (which  ^y  ^Mr"!^"^ 

"  he  beseeched  God  long  to  continue,)  had  been  most  pru-  Wharton. 

"  dently  and  politicly  governed,  and  also  most  godly  and 

"  virtuously  directed,  to  the  advancement  of  God's  true 

"  glory,  and  the  singular  consolation  and  comfort  of  all  her 

"  grace's  faithful  and  obedient  subjects,  until  then  of  late, 

"  that  in  those  north  parts  a  wicked  company  or  rabblement 

"  of  notorious,  malicious  traitors,  against  all  loyalty,  and 

"  their  bounden  duties  and  allegiance,  and  the  great  annoy- 

"  ing  and  disturbance  of  our  common  peace,  committed  and 

"  stirred  up  an  unnatural,  odious,  and  a  most  detestable  re- 

"  bellion.      The  original  whereof  was  ambition,  with  im- 

"  patient  poverty,  secretly  maligning  and  repining  at  the 

"  worthy  vocation  of  others,  placed  in  higher  authority. 

"  And  that  albeit  God  had  poured  down  upon  them  his 
"  just  vengeance,  and  had  supplanted  and  overthrown  their 
"  wicked  devices  and  practices,  to  the  perpetual  infamy  and 


272       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  extinct  of  blood  for  ever;  and  to  the  terrible  example  of 

•        "  all  others,  to  attempt  the  like  heinous  offence ;  yet  was 

Anno  1572."  there  a  remnant  there,  which  were  vehemently  to  be  sus- 

"  pccted  to  be  singular  favourers  and  privy  supporters  of 

"  that  naughty  seditious  company. 

"  For  consanguinity  and  affinity,  with  hope  for  a  day, 

"  bore  there  such  a  stir  and  a  sway,  that  by  means  thereof 

"  divers  good  subjects  and  well-willers  were  pessuntate,  and 

"  clear  out  of  countenance  in  these  parties  :  and  all  and  sin- 

"  gular  good  and  politic  orders  and  directions,  set  forth  by 

"  proclamation   against  the  maintainers  and  supporters  of 

"  the  rebellious  fugitives,  little  or  nothing  at  all  regarded, 

"  or  in  any  way  executed. 

Moves  for        "  Wherefore  he  had  thought  it  his  bounden  duty,  both 

sion  of  some "  foreuempst  God,  and  in  discharge  of  his  natural   sub- 

of  the  "  jection  towards   his  prince,  to  signify  unto  his  honour, 

queen's  ^i-     \         •  111  1  1  -ii'iii-i 

council  to        that  It  would  please  the  queen  s  majesty,  by  Ins  lordship  s 
be  placed  in  a  accustomed  good  counsel,  and  others  with  whom  he  misrht 

those  north  n  •  • 

parts.  "  best  like,  to  impart  the  contents  of  this  his  letter;   to 

"  place  there  immediately,  by  a  special  commission,  some  of 
"  her  honourable,  most  trusty,  and  dearest  friends  and 
"  counsellors,  in  the  south  parts  :  by  whose  better  industry 
"  and  vigilant  regard  our  crooTced  natures  (said  he)  may 
*'  be  the  more  aptly  bridled  and  abandoned:  a  nest  of  lurk- 
"  ing  traitors  weeded  out,  and  the  secret  supporters  and 
"  favourites  discovered,  and  brought  to  light.  That  there 
"  was  no  doubt,  but  that  their  common  peace  (which  then 
"  stood  in  great  peril)  should  not  only  thereby  be  the  more 
"  firmly  established  and  preserved,  but  also  that  the  queen''s 
"  majesty,  his  lordshij),  and  others  of  her  faithful  nobility, 
184"  with  her  poor  and  loving  subjects,  should  reign  and  live 
"  together  in  more  quiet  and  better  security. 

"  My   lord,    (proceeded   he,)    remember   the   effect  and 
"  famihar  example  of  these  two  old  verses  following : 

"  Principiis  ohsta ;  sero  medicina  paratur^ 
"  Cum  mala  per  longas  convaluere  moras. 

"  And  further,  that  it  might  please  his  lordship  to  under- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  273 

"  stand,  that  if  bis  own  health  were  gud  ;  or  that  his  habi-    CHAP. 
"  litv  were  svich  as  it  was  before  tliat  rusty  and  liauhy  trai-  ___;_ 


"tor,  Richard  Norton,  had  brought  him  to  extreme  po-Anuoi572. 

"  verty,  he  would  not  have  made  this  his  letter  to  have 

"  been  an  instrument,  or  a  spokesman  unto  his  honoiir  in 

"  this  behalf:  but  his  assui'ed  expectation  and  trust  was, 

"  that  his  lordship  would  vouchsafe  to  take  and  receive  this 

"his  advertisement  in  gud  part;   as  unfolded  out  of  the 

"  bosom  of  a  faithful  and  obedient  subject.  And  that  when- 

"  soever  it  should  be  his  pleasure  to  send  his  coiiimand- 

"  ment  for  him,  to  come  before  his  honour,  for  further  in- 

"  telligence,  touching  the  cankered  state  of  that  country,  The  canker- 

"  infected  with  the  poison  of  disloyalty,  or  otherwise,  in  ti,g g*oy„\°y 

"  these  cases  to  direct  him,  to  the  lord  president,  or  vice- 

"  president  of  the  queen's  majesty's  council  in  those  north 

"  parts,  he  would  prepare  himself  to  the  uttermost  of  his 

"  power,  to  give  his  diligent  attendance ;  and  not  to  leave 

"  any  person  untouched  to  his  knowledge,  either  with  com- 

"  mendation   or  reproach,   as  he  or   they   had  justly   de- 

"  served.'" 

He  sent  to  his  lordship  also  herewith  enclosed,  "  certain  Sends  in- 
instructions  by  way  of  information,  against  divers  persons,  ^°™" 


formations 


St 


"  to  be  put  in  execution,  as  should  stand  with  his  pleasure,  some  trai- 

"  and  other  his  most   singular  gud   lords  of   the  queen's  °^]°^^^  ^^'^~ 

"  grace's  most  honourable  privy  council.     But  he  thought 

"  it  very  necessary,  that  the  houses  [of  these]  should  be  di- 

"  ligently  searched  by  faithful   and   trusty  commissioners, 

"  and  the  said  persons  thoroughly  examined.   For  that  there 

"  was  great  presumption  of  their  evil  practices  and  behavi- 

"  ours ;  and  great  possibility  to  find  in  their  houses  divers 

"  letters  directed  unto  them  from  divers  their  friends,  now 

"  beyond  the  seas." 

And  then  applying  to  the  lord  treasurer  concerning  him- 
self, and  the  danger  he  was  like  to  incur  by  this  faithful 
intelligence,  should  it  be  known,  he  added ;  *'  My  lord,  as  I 
"  have  made  a  singular  choice  to  open  these  matters  unto 
"  your  honour  before  any  other,  as  unto  such  a  worthy  ma- 
"  gistrate,  in  whom  I  have  reposed  my  only  confidence  and 

VOL.  II.  T 


274       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1572. 


His  danger 
for  tliis  his 
service. 


185 


'  trust,  so  do  I  likewise  most  humbly  crave  your  good 
'  lordship,  that  for  my  faithful  and  further  just  service 
'  hereafter,  I  may  not  only  enjoy,  and  have  from  time  to 
'  time,  gud  countenance,  aid,  and  friendship,  l)y  your  gud 
'  lordship's  means,  as  that  I  need  not  to  fear  the  violent 
'  hands  and  privy  malicious  practices  of  such  evil  disposed 
'  persons,  as  will  not  forget  (for  this  mine  advertisement) 
'  to  seek  by  all  means  possible  to  persecute  me  with  secret 

*  extremities :  but  also,  that  it  please  your  gud  lordship  to 
'  write  your  friendly  letters  in  my  behalf  unto  the  lord  pre- 
'  sident  or  vice-president  of  the  queen''s  highness''s  council 
'  in  these  parties.  So  that  I  in  the  mean  time  enjoy  and 
'  have  such  his  good  countenance  and  friendship,  as  may 
'  be  a  terror  for  mine  adversaries  to  attempt  any  matter 
'  unlawfully  against  me.  For  otherwise,  as  he  gave  the 
'  reason,  he  should  be  either  enforced  to  seek  a  receptacle 
'  for  his  poor  wife  and  children  in  the  other  country ;  or 
'  else  to  remain  there  with  continual  fear  of  bodily  harm, 

*  comforting  himself  with  this  saying  of  Horace, 

"  Dnlce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori.'''' 

And  then  concluding  his  handsome,  well-penned,  loyal  letter 
with  these  words:  "  And  thus  most  hvmibly  craving  pardon 
"  for  this  my  bold  writing  to  your  gud  lordship,  I  beseech 
"  the  Almighty  so  to  prosper  all  your  doings,  as  may  tend 
"  to  the  continual  advancement  of  your  honourable  estate. 
"  From  my  poor  house  at  Ryppon,  the  9th  day  of  Decem- 
«  ber,  1572. 

"  Your  gud  lordship  humbly  to  use, 

"  and  command,  during  his  life, 

"  William  Whartone." 


The  disci- 


The  di.snpUnarlan.<i,  another  sort  of  men,  friends  indeed 
^er°^busv  ^°  ^^^  rcfoi'med  religion  in  this  land,  but  very  ill  affected  to 
for  furtiier  some  of  the  Constitutions  and  practices  of  it;  these  were  also 
now  creating  trouble  and  disturbance  here ;  labouring  for  a 
still  further  reformation.  The  book  called  The  admonition 
to  the  parliament,  that  now  came  forth,  and  spread  abroad 
still  more  the  next  year,  shewed  their  discontents,  and  what 


reforma- 
tion. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  275 

they  would  have  reformed,  or  rather  Avhat  they  would  have    CHAP, 
quite  cast  away,  and  abandoned  in  this  church.     Which 


book,  with  the  answer,  hath  been  at  large  accounted  for,  in  ^"""  i5"2. 

the  Life  of  the  learned  and  excellent  Dr.  Whitgift,  arch- ^'J,,'^j^,,^p 

bishop  of  Canterbury  ;  to  which  I  refer  the  reader.     I  shall  Whitgift. 

add  here  to  all  the  rest,  an  extract  taken  out  of  the  said  Ad- T''e  Admo- 
nition. 
monition,  "  containing  such  slanderous  and  unseemly  terms, 

"  as  there,  by  the  authors  thereof,  against  the  orders  of 

"  the  church  of  England,  and  state  of  the  realm  that  now 

"  is,  are  uttered."  Those  are  all  drawn  and  written  out  fair 

by  archbishop  Parker's  secretary,  but,  as  it  seems  probable, 

gathered  by  the  archbishop  himself;  each  folio,  page,  and 

line,  where  such  obnoxious   passages  are,   set  down:    and 

that  perhaps  for  the  better  direction  of  Dr.  Whitgift,  to 

take  particular  notice  of  in  his  answer ;   who  was  employed 

therein  by  that  archbishop.  The  treatise  itself  they  entitled, 

A  view  of  popish  abuses  yet  remaining :  which  is  in  two  view  of 

parts.     The  notes  whereof  throughout,  in   the  reflections  ^'buses! 

and  charges  made  therein  upon  the  church  and  the  practice  '^^S''-  G. 

o  1  _       i  Petyt,  ar- 

thereof,  are  set  down  in  the  said  MS.     For  which  I  refer  mig, 
the  reader  to  the  Appendix,  being  someAvhat  too  long  to  in-  N".  XIX. 
sert  here. 

Some  of  these  hot   new  discipline-men  were  now  com-  Field  and 
mitted  to  Newgate.     Their  fault  was,  that  they  had  offered  JJ'g^^""^^^" 
something  to  the  parliament,  earnestly  condemning  the  pre- 
sent settlement  of  religion  in  discipline  and  worship,  and  186 
exciting  to  a  further  reformation;    especially  reproaching 
the  calling  of  bishops,  as  well  as  divers  other  matters  in  the 
religion  observed,   in  very  abusive  terms.     This  book,    I 
make  no  doubt,  was  the  same  with  the  Admonition  afore- 
said.   Two  of  these  were  taken  up  and  imprisoned,  namely. 
Field  and  Wilcox,  for  offering  this  seditious  book  to  the 
parliament.     In  vindication  of  themselves,  and  petitioning 
for  their  liberty,  they  wrote  a  well-penned  letter  in  Latin  in 
the  month  of  September  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley : 
but  rather  vindicating  than  blaming  themselves  for  what 
they  had  done. 

Wherein  they  write,  "  That  they  confided  in  his  singular  Their  letter 

f-t  thence  to 

T  2 


276      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  benevolence,  which   moved  them  to  write,  with  a  firm 

'        "  trust  both  of  obtaining  their  hberty,  and  of  propagating 

Anno  1572. "  the  truth.     They  were  sensible,   (how   unjustly  soever,) 

treasurer      "  ^^^^^  were  spoken  against  among  the  nobility  by  evil  men, 

"  and  how  (a  thing  more  horrid)   the  truth  of  God  was 

"  slandered  by  many.     But  let  truth,   (as  they  proceed,) 

"  that  seeks  no  corners,  speak  for  itself;  and  commending 

"  to  him  their   innocency,  and   the  equity  of  their  cause, 

"  they  very  earnestly  beseeched   him   to  favour  it.     That 

"  they  had  indeed  lately  writ  a  book,  requiring  the  reform- 

"  ation  of  horrid  abuses ;  with  that  intent,  that  sincere  re- 

"  ligion,  being  freed  from  popish  superstition,  might  be  re- 

"  stored  by  the  whole  parliament,  with  the  queen's  appro- 

"  bation.    But  by  themselves  they  attempted  neither  to  cor- 

"  rect  nor  change  any  thing  ;  but  referred  all  to  their  jvidg- 

"  ments,  according  as  so  great  a  matter  called  for.     Hoping 

"  by  this  means,  that  the  peace  of  the  church,  and  the  re- 

"  concihation  of  brethren  at  difference,  (a  thing  to  be  la- 

"  mented,)  might  be  restored. 

The  schism       "  And  that  by  this  ecclesiastical  hierarchy,  not  consonant 

churdi  la-    "  ^^  ^'^^  word  of  God,  they  had  seen  a  sad  schism  in  the 

mented.       "  church,  disturbances  daily  stirred  up  among  the  godly: 

"  that  most  sweet  peace,  that  ought  to  be  among  those  that 

"  profess  one  and  the  same  religion,  was  destroyed.     That 

"  in  the  mean  time  they  said  nothing  of  the  contempt  of 

"  good  learning,  the  corruption  of  the  more  sincere  religion, 

"  the  depraving  of  the  ministry,  tlie  increase  of  sin,  and  the 

"  like,  occasioned  hereby.    All  which  they  reckoned  a  suffi- 

"  cient  justification  of  their  writing.    They  added,  that  con- 

"  cerning  these  abuses,  by  them  mentioned,  all  the  foreign 

"  churches  of  the  purer  reformation,  and  the  writings  of 

"  men  most  eminent  for  learning,  did  unanimously  acknow- 

"  ledge  and  own  to  be  very  foul."     For  the  rest  I  refer  the 

[N».  XIX.]  reader  to  the  whole  letter  in  the  Appendix,  transcribed  from 

the  original. 


Depriva-  Divers  of  the  clergy  of  this  sort,  (and  perhaps  some  secret 
the  statute  papists  too,)  that  had  benefices  and  preferments  in  the 
13  Eiiz.  c.   church,  were  now  deprived,  for  not  subscribing  to  the  Ar- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  277 

tides  of  Religion,  according  to  a  statute  13  Elizab.  entitled,  CHAP. 
An  act  to  reform  certain  disorders  touching  ministers  of_ 


the  church.  Whereby  all  such  as  had  livings,  or  ecclesiasti- Anno  1672. 
cal  preferments,  were  to  subscribe  the  Articles  of  Religion, 
agreed  upon  in  the  convocation,  anno  1562,  and  confirmed 
by  the  queen's  authority :  and  order  therein  provided  for 
their  reading  the  said  Articles,  and  for  declaring  their  as- 
sent thereunto,  in  their  parish  churches.  I  find  these  de- 
prived in  the  diocese  of  Bath  and  Wells.  March  21,  one  18/ 
Printost,  or  Printer,  was  presented  to  the  church  of  Dun- 1^<^^- ^ath 

,  .         .  .  .     .         ''>"^'  Wells. 

kerton,  by  deprivation  of  the  incumbent  for  not  subscribing  coii.ctan. 
the  Articles.  And  June  7,  one  John  Haunce,  incumbent  ^^J^^  '^^  "j^" 
of  the  church  of  Waysford,  was  deprived  of  the  same ;  and 
Edward  Bremal,  alias  Cabel,  came  in  his  room.  October  1, 
John  Gold  was  instituted  to  the  vicarage  of  East  Cokes,  by 
deprivation  of  the  said  John  Gold,  by  virtue  of  the  said 
act ;  at  the  presentation  of  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Exon  : 
the  said  Gold  refusing,  as  it  seems,  or  neglecting  to  sub- 
scribe in  due  time  :  and  so  undergoing  the  penalty  of  depri- 
vation :  and  afterwards  subscribing,  admitted  again  to  the 
said  vicarage. 

January  24,  William  Bele,  IVI.  A.  was  presented  to  the  Reg.  Bath 
prebend  of  Schalford,  alias  Scanford,  at  the  queen's  pre-''" 
sentation  by  lapse:  because  one  Alwood,  the  then  pretended 
canon  and  prebendary,  was  mere  laicus,  as  it  is  set  down 
in  the  register :  so  esteemed  perhaps  for  having  no  legal  or- 
ders, or  "such  as  were  taken  at  some  private  congi'egation  at 
Antwerp,  or  elsewhere,  as  Cartwright  and  Travers  had 
done :  and  so  that  mere  laic  needed  no  formal  deprivation. 
And  one  more  I  find,  viz.  Nicholas  Rogers  obtained  the 
church  of  Pryston,  by  the  deprivation  of  Richard  Cove, 
upon  the  same  statute  of  13  Eliz.  in  the  presentation  of  the 
queen  by  lapse. 

There  were  these  deprived  in  this  diocese  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  for  refusal  or  neglect  of  subscription  to  the  Articles 
of  Religion.  We  may  hereby  guess  at  the  numbers  that  were 
deprived  through  the  rest  of  the  dioceses  for  the  same  cause. 
And  from  thence  also,  how  many  tliere  were  of  the  clergy 

T  3 


278       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    of  this  land,  that  were  tainted  with  principles  dissonant  to 
those  of  the  church  of  England,  both  puritans  and  favourers 


Anno  1572.  of  popery,  that  hitherto  had  kept  their  ecclesiastical  livings 
and  prebends,  till  by  this  statute  they  were  searched  out 
and  discovered. 
Many  in  And  no  wonder  those  principles  of  the  new  discipline 

di^affrct'ed'^  disaffected  many  ministers  to  the  present  constitution  of  the 
to  the  con-  church,  since,  in  this  year  and  some  years  before,  the  uni- 
the  church,  versities  were  so  heated  with  these  controversies.     In  Cam- 
bridge were,  Cartwright,  Browning,  Brown  of  Trinity  col- 
lege, Millain  of  Christ's,  Chark  of  l*eter-house,  Dcring  of 
Christ's  college,  and  many  of  St.  John's,  more  than  any  of 
the  rest ;  who,  being  men  of  some  learning,  had  made  a 
strong  impression   upon    many   of   the    younger    students. 
Life  of        These  I  have  taken  notice  of  elsewhere.     Only  of  two  or 
Parker,  and  three  of  them,  I  have  some  other  things  to  add,  besides 
Archi)ish()p  what  I  have  shewn  of  them  already. 

Whitgift.  ,       ,      . 

Chark  ex-        Chark,  ui  a  cleriim  at  St.  Mary's  before  the  university, 
peiied  the    had  rouudly  condemned  the  hierarchy  of  this  church,  and 

university,      ,  I'-irr-  i  c  i  ii-i 

appeals.  the  ecclesiastical  omccrs  thereoi,  as  we  have  related  in  the 
Life  of  Archbishop  Whitgift,  under  the  year  1572:  laying 
down  these  two  bold  positions  ; 

Isti  status  episcopatus,  archicpiscopattts,  metropolitana- 
tus,  patriarchatus,  dcnique  papatits,  a  Satana  in  ecclesiam 
introducti  sunt. 

Inter  ministros  ecclesioi,  non  debet  allns  alio  esse  sit- 
j)erior. 
188  But  he  having  so  openly  impugned  the  established  order 
of  the  church,  and  so  broken  the  statutes  of  the  university, 
was  convented  before  the  vice-chancellor  and  heads ;  and  in 
fine,  was  required  to  make  a  public  revocation  of  what  he 
had  so  publicly  asserted,  or  else  to  be  expelled  the  uni- 
versity. And  accordingly,  some  reasonable  time  was  allowed 
him,  to  consider  what  he  had  to  do.  But  when  the  time 
came,  and  he  still  refused  to  comply,  he  was  actually  ex- 
pelled in  February.  Then  did  he  make  his  appeal  from  the 
judgment  of  the  heads  unto  the  lord  Burghley,  their  high 
chancellor,  in  a  well-penned  epistle,  in  a  good  Latin  style. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  279 

and  written  in  a  fair  hand,  desiring  by  his  lordship's  means    CHAP. 

lo  be  restored.    Therein  he  telleth  the  reason  of  his  banish- ' 

ment  from  the  university.  Anno  1572. 

Non  dissimulo,  quin  arg^iimentls  e  scrijptura,  et  externa- 
rum  ecclesiarum  exemplo  addiictus,  aliqnid  abesse  puteni, 
quo  eccles'ia  nostra,  nuver  e  tcnehris  vindicata,  propius  ad 
splendorem  TrpooTOTuirov  ^cxgaKTYipo;  possit  accedere,  ^c. 

Upon  this  letter  (which  may  be  read  in  Archbishop  Whit-  Th^  chan- 

.  cellor  al- 

gift's   Life)   the  lord  Burghley,  in  compassion  to  Chark,  lows  of 
whom  he  held  a  good  scholar,  and  in  consideration  that  he  ^'"^''^  P"""" 

"  _  _  _        ceedings  a- 

was  somewhat  hardly  dealt  withal,  (according  to  the  im-  gainst  him. 
port  of  Chark's  letter,)  wrote  to  the  vice-chancellor,  and 
the  rest  of  the  heads  in  his  favour.  To  whom  they  gave 
him  so  satisfactory  an  answer,  both  in  respect  of  their  re- 
gular proceedings  and  Chark's  behaviour,  that  the  good 
chancellor,  in  his  next  message  despatched  to  Dr.  Byng,  his 
vice-chancellor,  wrote,  "  That  he  was  sorry  that  he  was  not 
"  made  privy  of  Chark'' s^;«ci^-?,  as  he  styled  his  novel  doc- 
"  trines  against  the  calling  of  archbishops  and  bishops,  &c. 
"  and  for  the  equality  of  ministers.  And  that  only  by  his 
"  submission  to  him,  with  request  of  mercy  to  be  shewed, 
"  he  was  moved,  he  said,  to  wish  as  he  had  done.  But 
*'  that  now  he  was  ready  to  forbear  to  entreat  otherwise  for 
"  him,  than  that  he  publicly  revoke  his  slanderous  asser- 
"  tions.  And  that  without  the  doing  of  which,  he  was  not 
"  worthy  of  favour.  And  so  he  prayed  the  vice-chancellor 
"  to  impart  his  meaning  to  the  senate  and  his  coUegiates." 
Written  March  the  3d,  1572.  Whence  it  appeared,  that 
there  was  in  the  university  a  combination  of  disaffected 
scholars  to  the  church,  and  they  a  very  strong  party.  For 
Chark  was,  by  a  consultation  of  them,  appointed  to  preach 
the  doctrine  he  did. 

Chark"'s  cause,  and  the  reason  of  the  chancellory's  inclina- The  chan- 
tion  to  have  favour  shewn  him,  may  appear  in  a  former  let-  [^pj^j^  ^    ^ 
ter  to  his  vice-chancellor  and  the  heads,  upon  Chark's  per-  Shark's  re- 
sonal  application  to  him,  and  his  relation  of  his  pretended  tion  of  his 
hard  usage.  Thus  writing,  Feb.  20,  "  That  where  they  had  ^^"^^■ 
"  expelled  Will.  Chark,  late  fellow  of  Peter-house,  for  somes.T.B. 

T  4 


280       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  speeches  used  by  him  in  a  sermon  he  lately  had  ad  cle- 
"  rtim;  tending  to  the  disturbing  of  the  quietness  and  peace 


Anno  1572. «  of  the  bhurch,  and  manifestly  contrary  to  the  orders  taken 
"  for  the  maintenance  of  the  same  peace :  that  forasnuich  as 
"  the  said  Chark  had  been  with  him,  and  partly  wisely  ex- 
*'  tenuating  his  fault,  partly  very  honestly  acknowledging 
189"  that  ^^  committed  the  same  by  overmuch  vehemency  of 
"  spirit;  and  faithfully  promising  never  hereafter  to  deal 
"  therein  again,  or  in  the  like,  that  might  be  offensive;  and 
"  had  shewed  some  good  parts  of  nature,  and  good  gifts  to 
"  be  in  him  ;  the  which  in  his  [the  high  chancellor's]  opi- 
"  nion,  it  were  great  charity  and  good  wisdom,  by  gentle 
"  usage  and  persuasion,  rather  to  reduce  to  be  profitable  in 
"  the  church  of  God,  than  by  sudden  cutting  him  off  from 
"  the  course  of  his  studies  utterly  to  lose :  that  therefore 
"  these  were  heartily  to  pray  them,  the  rather  for  his  sake, 
"  and  for  proof  of  him  hereafter,  to  receive  him  again  into 
"  that  university,  and  his  fellowship  within  the  college ; 
"  upon  his  like  promise  made  to  them,  not  to  meddle  here- 
"  after  in  such  kind  of  doctrine.  Wherein  if  they  would 
"  shew  some  indulgence  for  this  time,  and  the  rather  sup- 
"  press  the  memory  of  his  said  speech  and  doctrine,  for 
"  that  it  was  delivered  in  the  Latin  tongue,  and  not  popu- 
"  larly  taught,  in  his  judgment  they  should  do  well.  And 
"  so  praying  them  to  do,  he  bade  them  heartily  farewell." 
Remits  him  But  afterwards,  upon  a  more  particular  account  of  Chark''s 
to  the         behaviour  and  stiffness  before  the  vice-chancellor  and  heads, 

heads. 

T.  Baker,     represented  to  their  chancellor,  "  he  remitted  him  in  an- 

S-r.B.        ^,  other  letter,  dated  March  the  25th,  to  be  ordered  as  they 

"  should  think  expedient.     And  that  he  had  now  less  re- 

*'  spect  unto  him  :   for  that  he  found  not   that  submission 

"  and  conformity  in  him,  whereof  he  had  conceived  some 

"  opinion  at  his  writing  of  his  letters  unto  them  in  his  fa- 

"  vour."    But  more  of  Chark's  business  may  be  read  in  the 

Life  of  Arch})ishop  Parker. 

Browning         To  whom  I  subjoiu  the  trouble  of  one  Browning,  a  fel- 

n^rmoVat  ^°^^  °^  Trinity  college  in  the  same  university ;  who  under- 

st.  Mary's,  went  the  censure  of  that  university  also,  for  a  sermon  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  281 

his,  preached  at  St.  Mary's;  being  one  of  these  novelists.    CHAP. 
He  was  charged  for  preaching  the  Novatian  heresy.     Of^ 


whose  matter  some  notice  hath  been  taken  in  the  Life  of  Anno  1572. 
Archbishop  Parker.  To  which  I  add,  what  concern  the  uni- ^j^^"|^g'J- 
versity's  chancellor  had  in  this  business,  as  well  as  in  that  of 
Chark's.  He  had  appealed,  it  seems,  to  him,  for  favour 
against  the  proceedings  of  the  vice-chancellor  and  heads 
against  him.  But  Browning  being  brought  to  relent  before 
the  chancellor,  had  revoked  his  opinions,  and  made  his  sub- 
mission and  confession  by  word  of  mouth  before  him  and 
others  there  present ;  and  subscribed  the  same.  Whereupon 
the  kind  chancellor  desired  the  vice-chancellor  and  the  rest 
of  the  heads  to  receive  him.  Whose  letter  to  them  ran  in 
this  tenor : 

"  That  forasmuch  as  Browning  had,  both  by  his  speech  The  chan- 

.  Mil        1  •  ipcellor  s  let- 

"  before  him,  and  by  his  confession,  subscribed  by  himsell  ^er  to  the 
"  before  him,  Mr.  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- ^^"i^^«'ty» 
"  chequer,  did  not  only  affirm,  that  he  was  much  mistaken  him. 
"  in  his  sermon,  but  had  promised  to  give  open  testimony  of 
"  his  conformity  in  those  points,  wherein  he  was  mistaken, 
"  at  any  occasion  that   shall  be  offered  unto   him.      He 
"  thought  good  therefore  to  write  unto  them  in  his  behalf 
"  in  a  former  letter :  and  now  he  sent  unto  them  his  said 
"  confession  subscribed,  as  they  might  see ;  to  the  intent 
"  they  might  make  some  proof,  whether  he  should  con- 
"  tinue  in  that  conformity  and  submission  that  he  pretend- 
"  ed  there,  with  his  lordship  and  the  rest.    Which  if  he  I90 
"  should  do  with  effect,  then  they  should  do  well  to  receive 
"  him,  and  cherish  him  with  all  good  countenance  and  usage. 
"  If  not,  then  he  both  referred  to  their  discretion  the  reform- 
"  ing  of  him ;  and  very  carefully  commended  to  their  dili- 
"  gence  and  wisdom  the  conservation  of  the  peace  of  God's 
"  church,  and  the  good  fame  of  that  university."    This  per- 
son seems  to  overcome  this  trouble;   but  fell  divers  years 
after  into  another,  with  the  college  and  university,  for  taking 
his  doctor's  degree  at  Oxford  :  which  is  shewn  in  the  Life  of 
Archbishop  Parker. 

Edward  Bering,  contemporary  with  them,  was  another,  ^^"^^f^^^^ 


282       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   and  of  good  learning,  who  stood  thus  affected,  and  made  a 
^'        chief  figure  in  the  same  university  near  this  time.  Of  whom 


Anno  1572.  some  things  also  have  been  by  me  written  in  another  place. 
Lifeof  Abp.  rpj^jg  man,  by  reason  of  his  being  a  reader  in  St.  Paul's, 

Parker.  ^       J  o 

London,  and  a  preacher  of  a  ready  utterance,  and  of  great 
confidence,  did  also  draw  away  many  proselytes.  It  was 
therefore  thought  convenient  to  silence  him  from  preaching 
his  lecture  any  more.  And  so  he  was  the  next  year,  viz. 
1573.  This  man  was  a  great  enemy  to  the  order  of  bishops. 
He  was  known  to  the  lord  treasurer;  and  took  often  the 
freedom  to  write  unto  him,  sometimes  earnestly  stirring 
him  up  to  favour  Cartwright  and  his  opinions,  and  such  as 
were  his  followers;  and  sometimes  accusing  him  for  his 
faults :  endeavouring  to  make  that  oreat  lord  an  instrument 
for  the  bringing  about  their  purposes.  And  in  the  beginning 
of  this  year  he  sent  him  a  letter  so  indecently  writ,  and  with 
such  rude  reflections  and  charges  upon  that  most  pious  and 
wise  nobleman,  that  it  did  somewhat  stir  his  mild  and  good 
nature,  as  appears  in  a  letter  unto  him,  dated  April  3, 
wherein  is  seen  as  well  this  lord"'s  modest  and  Christian  de- 
portment, in  justifying  himself  against  Dering,  as  Dering's 
principles  and  lofty  spirit.  It  ran  to  this  tenor : 
Lord  "  That  since  he  received  from  him,  in  a  piece  of  paper,  a 

kittfr^to^  *   "  biting  letter  pretended,  as  by  the  beginning  of  a  few  of 
him,  con.    «  his  lines  appeared,  for  Mr.  Cartwright ;  whose  name  he 
relulrin^  ^  "  [Dering]  reiterated,  (willing  him  not  to  be  in  heat  at  the 
Cartwright.  tc  niention  of  his  name,)  he  had  been  in  doubt,  he  said, 
*'  whether  he  should,  either  for  wasting  of  his  time,  or  for 
"  nourishing  Bering's  humour,  make  him  any  answer  by 
"  letter  :  but  he  yielded,  as  he  saw.     That  for  so  much  as 
"  concerned  Cartwright,  he  answered  sine  ccccandescetitia, 
"  (which  was  Bering's  term  to  him,  that  he  would  not  be  in 
"  a  passion  at  his  request,)  that  his  return  [back  to  the  uni- 
"  versity  again,  from  whence  he  had  lately  been  expelled] 
"  would  be  very  grateful  to  him,  and  that  he,  for  his  part, 
"  wished  him  well.     But  for  his  return  to  the  reading  of 
"  any  public  lecture  there,  (which  Dering  had,  it  seems, 
"  earnestly  moved  for,  to  that  lord,)  he  could  promise  no- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  283 

"  thino-  of  himself.    For  he  knew  no  power  he  had  therein:   CHAP. 

"  thoifgh  he  knew  it  to  be  his  duty  to  further  all  good [ — 

"learning  and  quietness  in  the  university;  that  indecent  Anno  1572. 
"  contentions  might  be  excluded. 

"  That  all  the  rest  of  his  pamphlet  or  letter  (for  he  would 
"  call  it  no  worse)   contained    divers   ejaculations  against 
"  him  :  as  making  him  void  both  of  knowledge  and  godli- 
"  ness.  But  if  he  were  such  an  one,  he  should  be  ashamed,  I9I 
"  he  said,  to  live  in  the  place  where  he  did  ;  and  might  be 
"  accounted  a  mere  pagan,  without  sense  or  knowledge  of 
«  his  God.    And  that,  except  it  pleased  God  to  direct  good 
"  men  to  think  better  of  him  than  he  [Bering]  did,  he 
"  should  not  be  in  danger  of  vainglory.     That  though  he 
"  would  not  flatly  deny  his  pronunciations  of  him,  or  say 
"  that  he  spake  not  right ;  yet  that  he  might  be  licensed  to 
"  pray  him  not  by  recrimination  to  charge  him,  and  say, 
«  that  he  justified  himself.     That,   contrary  to  his  hard 
"  speeches,  through  God's  goodness,  he  affirmed,  that  he 
"  had  not,  to  his  knowledge,  conceived  or  held  ohstinata 
«  consUia,  [as  he  seems  to  have  been  charged  by  Bering.] 
«  And  that  further  he  would  say,  that  through  God's  good- 
"  ness,  and  through  good  erudition  in  his  young  years,  he 
"  had  beheld  the  gospel  of  Christ;  not  eminus  [i.e.  at  a 
«  great  distance]   now  for   many  years,   [as   Bering   had 
"  abusively  accused  him,]  but  in  very  deed,  with  such  in- 
«  ward  feeling  of  God's  mercy  by  Jesus  Christ,  and  con- 
"  firmed  to  him  by  his  sacraments,  as  he  trusted  he  might 
«  say  with  the  church.  Pater  noster,  sanct'ificetur  Jiomen 
"  tuum.    And  whereas  he  had  pronounced  hardly  of  him, 
"  in  taxing  his  religion,  [i.  e.  as  it  seems,  in  queen  Mary's 
«  days,]   this  calumniation,  or  uncharitable  reprehension, 
"  that  it  proceeded  of  any  just  cause,  he  utterly  denied  to 
"  him,  and  all  his  bolsterers,  if  any  he  had  in  this  his  li- 
"  centious  liberty  of  writing  what  he  listed.    And  that  he 
"  must  bear  it  with  the  rest,  since  he  [Bering]  wrote  tan- 
"  qiMin   ex   suhlimi    speculatorio ;    [so   magisterially   and 

"  loftily.]" 

He  continued  his  letter  to  a  greater  length,  with  much 


284       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK   piety,  modesty,  and  a  great  government  of  himself  under 
^-        such  unjust  provocations  from  an  inferior.    And  in  the  end, 


Dering's 
answer. 


Anno  1572.  the  worst  he  said  of  him,  was,  "  That  he  wished  to  himself 
"  that  which  Dering  judged  he  lacked,  and  to  him  all  that 
"  which  he  seemed  to  have,  and  more  than  by  his  be- 
"  haviour  he  seemed  to  have,  and  both  of  them  to  require 
"  of  God,  the  knower  of  hearts,  to  plant  in  their  hearts  the 
"  true  fear  of  him,  and  transplant  out  of  their  hearts  all 
"  seeds  or  roots  of  vainglory."  The  whole  letter  of  so  me- 
morable a  man  deserves  well  to  be  read  over  and  preserved. 
Numb.  XX.  And  therefore  I  have  reposited  it  in  the  Appendix. 

To  this  moderate  letter  penned  by  the  good  lord  treasur- 
er, (who  had  been  so  severely  and  undeservedly  reflected 
on,)  Dering  in  a  day  or  two  sends  another  in  answer,  so 
full  of  stiffness,  and  so  abounding  in  his  own  conceit,  that 
we  cannot  but  gather  a  character  of  that  man's  temper  and 
spirit  thence.    It  was  writ  in  Latin,  and  too  long  here  to  re- 
peat.  I  have  therefore  only  observed  briefly  divers  passages 
in  it.    As  where  that  lord  had  taken  notice  of  the  liberty 
and  boldness  he  took  in  his  writing,  he  affirmed,  "  That  in 
'  all  his  letters  and  business  which  he  ever  had  with  him, 
'  he  diligently  took  heed  of  that,  that  he  did  not  abuse 
'  mercenary  praises,   either  for  his  own  benefit,  or  that 
'  lorcPs  damao-e.    And  that  this  was  all  that  licence  of  writ- 
'  ing  that  he  so  blamed :  by  which  neither  of  them  were  the 
'  worse.  And  that  his  lordship  had  herein  the  true  cause  of 
'  that  holy  liberty  which  he  took ;  and  which  he  with  the 
'  highest  injury  called  libul'mcm  et  Ucentiam.     That  where 
'  his  lordship  conjectured,  that  his  piety  seemed  so  little  in 
192"  Dering's  esteem;    he  prayed  him,   that  he  might  look 
'  again  upon  his  own  letter,  and  if  there  were  any  thing 
'  therein  so  unworthy  of  his  honour,  or  of  Dering's  func- 
'  tion,  he  should  be  willing  to  have  such  rashness  of  his 
'  punished,  if  he  did  not  under  his  own  hand  confess  it. 
'  And  that  to  asperse  his  thoughts  and  cares  to  be  obsti- 
'  nate   counsels,   such   as    Satan's  were,  and   which   God 

*  would  one  day  destroy,  was  a  greater  crime  than  he  ac- 

*  knowledged  to  be  his. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  285 

"  His  lordship  took  it  ill  that  he  [Bering]  should  say,    CHAP. 
"  that  his  lordship  did  for  a  great  many  years  evange- 


Uum  emimis  aspicere,  nunc  fere  diligere,  i.e.  had  looked -^""o  1572. 
"  upon  the  gospel  a  great  way  off,  and  scarcely  had  any 
"  love  now  to  it :  he  answered,  he  did  not  thereby  deny 
"  his  lordship's  cares  above  others,  to  be  most  ready  to 
"  propagate  the  gospel.  That  he  knew,  (unless  he  was 
"  much  deceived,)  that  he  had  done  there  at  court,  and 
"  how  great  contest  and  struggle  he  had  sustained.  But, 
"  added  he,  take  heed  how  you  think  you  have  here  done 
"  any  thing,  so  as  you  ought  to  do.  Set  before  your  eyes 
"  your  labours,  your  watchings,  your  cares,  your  troubles, 
"  your  anxieties  of  your  mind.  And  then  [as  though  all 
"  this  his  pains  was  only  for  the  aggrandizing  and  enriching 
"  of  himself]  he  asketh  him.  What  at  length  are  the  ends 
"  to  which  you  devoted  your  so  many  heavy  tasks  ?  Whe- 
"  ther  it  were  not  for  your  heaping  up  of  honours  to  youi'- 
"  self,  and  for  the  increasing  of  wealth.?  O!  misery,  gotten 
"  very  dearly !  So  it  is,  my  lord,  so  it  is,  if  yovi  deny  it  to 
"  eternity. 

"  Whereas  the  said  lord  had  writ  in  his  letter,  that  he 
"  had  dedicated  his  studies  and  endeavours  to  promote  the 
"  gospel :  O !  said  Dering  in  his  answer,  I  wish  you  this 
"  light  of  the  gospel  of  God,  which  hath,  as  you  say,  en- 
"  lightened  you  cominus,  [i.  e.  so  near,]  and  inwardly  ac- 
*'  cording  to  the  measure  of  the  gift  of'  Christ.  And  may 
"  Christ  so  shed  forth  upon  you  his  love,  that  hereafter 
"  you  may  not  erninus  [i.  e.  afar  off]  look  upon  it,  but  also 
"  be  fervent  in  spirit.*" 

And  among  other  reflecting  sayings  Dering  writ,  this  was 
one,  (in  respect  of  something  that  was  like  to  be  done  at 
the  parliament  approaching,)  Nescio  quid  alimt  7nonstri,  qui 
hvfidata  atithoritate  subnixi,  sic  ambulant,  ut  evangeUum 
regni  e  sublimi  despiciant ;  i.  e.  T  know  not  what  monster 
they  breed  up,  who,  upheld  by  the  authority  of  a  mitre,  so 
walk,  as  looking  from  on  high,  in  contempt,  upon  the  gos- 
pel of  the  kingdom.  For  the  favourable  acceptation  of 
which  expression,  he  prayed  his  lordship  to  take  heed,  how 


286       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    he  took  his  words;  and  that  he  should  not  think  he  struck 
.  at  any  truly  pious  man,  even  though  he  were  a  bishop.  But 


Anno  1572.  jq  make  amends  for  this  short  and  imperfect  account  of  the 
former  letter,  wherein  Dering  delivered  and  explained  his 
mind  and  sense  to  the  said  lord,  and  with  as  much  affected 
learning  as  he  could,  I  have   put  the  whole  into  the  Ap- 

N".  XXI.     pendix ;  especially  containing  several  things  of  remark  in  it. 


193  CHAP.  XXI. 

A  sermon  preached  hy  Cooper,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  at  PauTs 
Cross,  in  "vindication  of  the  church  of  England  and  its 
liturgy.  An  anszocr  thereto  sent  to  him  by  some  dis- 
affected person.  Observations  therein  made,  of  bishops 
maintaining  an  ignorant  ministry.  Of  the  Service- 
book.  Of  the  titles  and  honour  of  the  bishops.  Of  the 
government  of  the  church.  And  the  applying  of  some 
places  erf  scripture. 

The  bishop  xaND  to  shew  more  of  the  endeavours  of  the  disaffected  to 
of  Lincoln's  ^.|^g  church,  and  its  hturgv  and  rites,  Dr.  Cooper,  the  learned 

sermon  at  '  ^^  '  r      ' 

Paul's  bishop  of  Lincoln,  having  made  a  sermon  at  St.  PauFs  Cross, 
an  answer  o^  Sunday  the  27th  of  June,  touching  these  matters,  (oc- 
thereof  sent  casioned  bv  the  book  called.  An  admonition  to  the  parlia- 
ment,)  an  answer  was  soon  penned  against  it ;  which  1  have 
seen  in  MS.  And  because  I  think  it  was  never  printed,  I 
shall  here  exemplify  it.  Wherein  will  be  seen  the  anger  of 
the  party  against  our  church''s  constitution,  and  with  what 
arguments  they  maintained  themselves,  and  what  objections 
were  used  against  it.  It  is  entitled,  A71  answer  to  certain 
pieces  of  a  sermon  made  at  Paul's  Cross,  Sfc.  by  Dr.  Cooper, 
bishop  of  Lincoln.  Who  this  answerer  was,  I  cannot  tell. 
But  that  it  came  to  the  bishop''s  own  hands,  appears  by  the 
address  at  the  beginning,  and  by  a  marginal  note  or  two,  of 
the  bishop's  own  hand ;  Avhicli  I  shall  set  down  as  they  oc- 
cur. It  begins  thus : 
MSS.G.Pe-      "Forasmuch,  master  Cooper,  as  your  sermon,  preached 

tyt,  aruiig. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  287 

upon  Sunday  the  27th  of  June,  in  anno  1572,  did  offend    CHAP, 
many,  and  among  the  rest,  me,  I  thought  myself  bound 


*«  in  conscience   to  deal  with   you   touching   two  or  three  ^nn"  1572. 

"  points ;  leaving  other  matters  to  other  men,  grieved  as 

*'  much  as  I :  who,  I  know  assuredly,  will,  either  by  word 

"  of  mouth  or  by  writing,  or  both,  talk  with  you  concern- 

"  ing  the  same.     But  the  occasions  which   moved  me  to 

"  write  are  these  points  following ;  wherein  I  dissent  not  a 

*'  little  from  you  : 

"  I.  In  your  maintaining  of  an  ignorant  and  unlearned 
"  a  ministry.  °  I  '^'^  not 

"  II.  In  your  magnifying  of  the  English  Service-book,     nor  shew    ' 
"  III.  In  your  defendinff  of  the  ungodly  titles  and  un- ;">'*'^'*^ ^^  , 

-'  _  o  o        J  ]ilie  well  of 

*'  just  lordship  of  bishops.  them,  but 

"  IV.  In  your  depraving  of  that  government,  which  Christ  ^i^"  ^au^e 
*'  hath  left  to  his  church.  and  wished 

"  V.  And  last  of  all,  in  your  wresting  and  wringing  of  nu;,nce  only 
*'  scriptures  from  their  natural  sense  and  meaning."  '"  respect 

.        .  ,  .  n  1      of  necessity. 

And  then  his  discourse  upon  each  pomt  was  as  followeth :  And  in 

I.  Concerning  the  first.     You  seemed  to  allow  and  like  JJ'j;PJ J°^ 

well  of  the  unlearned  company  that  now  is  of  English  mi-  cai  priests, 

nisters ;  and  you  seemed  in  some  sort  also  to  dislike  them.  diLi'nished 

By  the  way,  take  this  with  you ;  t'i«  »"ev- 

*^  „  .  ...  7-      •  T  ,  •  ousness  of 

Convenict  nemini,  qui  secum  aissiaet  ipse.  the  crime. 

You  took  occasion  to  treat  of  this  matter,  as  I  suppose,  by  B's^op  ^ 
reason  of  a  little  book,  entitled,  An  admonition  to  the  par- ha.ad. 
liament;  which  wisheth,  (as  you  all  yourselves  then  did,) 
that  every  congregation  might  have  a  godly,  a  learned,  and 
a  painful  preacher.  But  this  seemed  unto  you  impossible  : 
for  they  are  not  now  to  be  had,  said  you.  Neither  were 
they  at  the  first  to  be  had,  because  mutability  of  religion  in 
king  Henry'^s  days,  king  Edward's  days,  queen  Mary's  days, 
&c.  caused  many  towardly  wits  to  refrain  the  ministry  in 
the  beginning  of  this  queen's  reign ;  and  to  commit  their 
studies  to  physic,  to  law,  to  teaching  schools,  &c.  And 
therefore  the  bishops  were  at  that  time  enforced  to  admit 
into  the  ministry  ignorant  and  unlearned  persons. 

This,  so  far  as  I  remember,  was  the  effect  of  your  words. 


288       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    For  the  proof  whereof  it  had  been  good  for  you  to  have 
'         shewed,  out  of  the  writings  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament, 


Anno  1572.  some  plain  testimonies  or  examples,  and  not  to  have  dealt 
so  carnally  as  you  did :  for  both  it  worketh  a  suspicion  in 
the  minds  of  the  hearers  concerning  your  grounded  know- 
ledge in  divinity,  and  also  declareth  that  you  yourself  are 
but  carnal.  For  the  things  uttered  by  you  savoured  not  of 
God's  spirit,  but  of  the  fleshly  reason  and  worldly  policy, 
one  of  the  greatest  enemies  that  true  religion  ever  had  or 
can  have.  He  that  dealeth  in  such  a  public  place,  for  the 
stay  of  the  conscience  of  the  auditory,  must  leave  worldly 
reason  and  fleshly  policy  as  very  weak  grounds,  nay,  rather 
no  grounds  at  all,  for  Christians  to  stay  their  faith  upon,  and 
flee  and  stick  to  the  holy  scriptures  only. 

But  you  then  saw,  and  the  rest  of  your  fellow-bishops  since 
rmderstood,  that  if  you  should  deal  that  way,  your  juggling 
Avould  be  espied.  And  therefore,  like  crafty  michers  and 
subtile  foxes,  you  flee  into  the  dark,  i^for  every  one  that  doeth 
evil  hcdeth  the  I'lght,)  and  are  afraid,  like  heathen  and  ethnic 
rhetoricians ;  to  the  end  that  you  might  bring  those  good 
men  out  of  credit  with  your  auditors,  contrary  to  your  own 
consciences,  to  object  unto  them  horrible  and  wicked  \\n- 
truths.  (As  that  they  shoidd  go  about  to  hinder  the  course 
of  the  gospel,  and  to  gape  for  your  livings.)  Following  in 
this  point  your  most  familiar  doctor,  father  Quintilian,  the 
orator,  who  commandeth  an  adversary  to  bring  and  forge  of 
another  whatsoever  by  any  probable  means  he  can,  although 
he  knoweth  right  well  that  all  is  false.  It  had  been  plain 
dealing  for  such  doughty  divines,  as  yet  will  seem  to  be,  (if 
ye  had  then  the  book  before  named,)  to  have  taken  the  places 
of  scri})ture  there  quoted,  and  to  have  answered  them  ;  and 
if  they  had  been  wrongly  applied,  to  have  shewed  it  to  the 
pcojjle.  But  that  way  was  not  best  for  you :  for  you  saw 
that  they  were  too  plain,  and  could  not  be  rightly  gainsayed. 
195  And  therefore  you  not  only  willingly  confessed  this  to  be 
true,  that  every  congregation  should  have  a  preacher,  as  is 
before  specified,  but  did  run  out  into  blind  and  odd  corners ; 
to  the  scouring  and  sweeping  whereof  I  am  enforced  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  289 

come,  seeing  you  will  not   deal  with  the  scriptures  in  the    CHAP, 
book  cited.  ' 


The  first  reason  you  made  for  the  bolstering  of  your  Anno  1 572. 
learned  ministries  was  this,  that  oft  altering  of  religion  al- 
tered men's  minds  for  meddling  in  the  ministry ;  therefore 
you  could  have  no  learned  ministers.     What  is  this  else  to 
say,  I  pray  you,  but  that  they  and  you  too,  I  fear,  did  ra- 
ther seek  unjust  honour  and  ease  in  the  ministry,  than  a 
burden  or  labour  ?    They  forgot,  and  belike  you  did  not 
well  remember,  that  death  itself  should  not  alter  their  minds 
from  that  whereunto  God's  Spirit^,  according  to  his  revealed  *  I  did  not 
word,   had  moved   them.     So  that  one  of  these  must  be  ^1,1,1-,  but 
granted;   either  that  they  were  void  of  God's  Spirit,  and  shewed  the 
therefore  neither  God's  children,  nor  fit  men  to  be  ministers  Bishop 
of  the  gospel;  or  else  that  worldly  preferment  and  gain,  ift^o^per. 
they  would  take    that  charge   upon  them,   did   stir   them 
thereto.    And  therefore  should  not  be  received,  &c. 

As  for  those  unlearned  ones,  whom  you  call,  neither  are 
they  ministers,  though  you  so  term  them,  neither  have  au- 
thority to  minister  sacraments,  though  you  give  them  pov/er 
so  to  do,  except  they  can  minister  the  word  by  preaching 
also.  Neither  are  they  called;  but  they  run  and  seek,  and 
by  letters  come  in.  Better  it  were  that  some  honest  parish- 
ioners should  be  appointed  to  read  the  scriptures  in  order, 
till  they  might  have  a  preacher,  than  such  reading  ministers 
should  be  admitted.  Yea,  and  you  and  your  fellovz-bishops 
shall  answer  for  all  the  parishes  in  your  dioceses,  where  such 
insufficient  hirelings  are.  How  are  such  dispensers  of  the 
word  ?  How  can  they  divide  the  scriptures  ?  What  manner 
of  watchmen  are  these  ?  What  kind  of  light  shew  such 
forth  ?  What  can  be  seasoned  with  such  salt .''  How  work 
they  in  the  Lord's  harvest  ? 

And  you  added  further  concerning  this  matter,  that  there 
were  in  England  20,000  parish  churches,  and  not  20,000 
preachers  to  furnish  them  :  so  that  such  ministers  as  were 
required  in  so  great  a  number  were  not  to  be  had.  About 
this  matter  let  me  ask  you  one  question.  Are  you  sure, 
that  that  which  you  speak  is  true  ?  I  think,  for  the  safeguard 

VOL.  II.  u 


290       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   of  your  honesty,  (as  for  your  honour  I  let  it  pass,  as  smell- 
ing too  much  of  Antichrist's  stencli,)  you  will  answer,  Yea. 


Anno  1572.  Por  if  you  should  answer  otherwise,  you  should  doubt  of 
your  doctrine,  and  make  a  manifest  lie.  Both  which  are  in 
a  preacher  very  notorious  faults.  And  is  it  sure  indeed  that 
such  a  number  cannot  be  found  ?  Why  then  do  you,  by 
urging  your  gay  gear,  and  enforcing  popish  abomination, 
hinder  them  that  would  enter  ?  And  for  the  same,  by  per- 
secuting, as  imprisoning,  depriving,  banishing,  excommuni- 
cating, suspending,  &c.  lessen  the  number  of  them  that  are 
entered ;  and,  as  so  many  rods  of  God's  vengeance,  stop  the 
mouths  of  them  that  would  do  good.  Belike,  either  your 
churches  are  well  furnished,  and  provided  for,  (which  can- 
not be,  both  because  you  have  confessed  the  contrary,  and 
1 96'  also  for  that  you  give  by  your  bull-licences,  to  one  man  to 
enjoy  two  benefices,  to  have  three,  to  have  more,  and  as 
many  as  he  list,  or  can  get,)  or  else  yourselves  have  not  so 
great  care  for  them  as  you  pretend,  and  would  fain  seem 
to  take. 

For  if  the  one  of  them,  or  both,  were  not  true,  you  would 
deal  in  another  sort  than  heretofore  you  have  done.  Yea,  if 
it  be  true  that  there  want  so  many  ministers,  why  do  not 
you,  following  Christ's  and  Paul's  example,  setting  aside  all 
Avorldly  offices,  instead  of  ruffian-like  and  idle-serving  men, 
take  into  your  houses  as  many  scholars,  and  instruct  them 
(as  Christ  did  his  apostles,  and  Paul  those  that  waited  on 
him)  in  divinity  and  understanding  of  the  word  ;  reading 
mito  them,  and  expounding  for  your  own  exercise,  such 
scriptures  as  you  intend  afterwards  yourselves  to  entreat  of.'' 
This  would  help  to  increase  the  number  of  good  preachers, 
si  hoc  vobis  ita  curce  esset,  ut  simulatis ;  and  make  you  such 
bishops  as  Paul  rcquireth  ;  whereas  you  have  not  one  thing 
almost  that  Paul  commandeth  to  be  in  a  bishop,  &c. 

Christ  doth  will  his  disciples,  considering  the  greatness  of 
the  harvest,  to  pi-ay  to  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,  to  send  la- 
bourers into  his  harvest ;  and  not  to  do  as  you  do,  to  make 
idle  shepherds,  dumb  dogs,  sleepy  watchmen,  blind  guides, 
unskilful  teachers,  yea,  bare  readers.     And  St.  Paul  telleth 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  291 

us,  that  God  hath  given  some,  apostles ;  some,  prophets ;  some,    CHAP. 
evangelists ;  and  some,  pastors  and  teachers  :for  the  gather- . 


ing  together  of  the  saints,  for  the  work  of  the  ministry,  &c.  Anuo  1572. 
Not  once  making  mention  of  any  such  lewd  and  loitering 
ministers  as  you  both  make,  and  thrust  upon  the  congrega- 
tions  Justly  may  your  coldness  and  impiety  be  repre- 
hended, lx)th  for  suffering  enemies  to  join  with  you,  I  mean 
papists,  and  also  for  maintaining  idle  vagabonds  and  loiter- 
ing lubbers,  who  bring  not  so  much  as  one  stone  to  the  build- 
ing up  of  the  Lord's  spiritual  temple. 

But  you  add  further,  that  the  people  should  have  lived 
like  heathens,  and  without  a  God  in  the  world,  if  there  had 
not  been  such  made  to  read  the  scripture  unto  them.  Now 
surely  you  shew  what  a  divine  you  are,  (setting  aside  your 
doctorship,)  better  in  physic,  or  teaching  a  school,  than  in 
the  mysteries  and  secrets  of  holy  scripture.  For  neither 
doth  God  allow  a  reading  ministry,  because  the  minister 
must  be  giSaxrixof,  that  is,  able  to  teach ;  neither  is  it  lawful 
for  you  to  do  evil  that  good  may  come  thereof,  unless  you 
will  have  the  sequel  of  the  sentence  to  fall  upon  your  pate. 
And  what  good  hath  come  by  your  reading  ministers,  if  you 
truly  examine  your  diocese,  you  shall  be  able  easily  to  judge. 
Surely,  if  you  find  one  in  a  township  able  and  willing  to 
render  a  reason  of  his  faith  and  hope,  you  shall  find  the  rest 
not  unwilling  only,  but  unable  too.  And  yet,  if  the  matter 
might  be  truly  sifted,  it  shall  be  found,  that  that  one  person 
hath  not  so  well  profited  by  hearing  of  the  scriptures  barely 
read,  without  interpretation,  but  by  frequenting  sermons  in 
other  places.  But  you  think  you  have  well  mended  the 
matter,  when  you  have  justified  the  English  ministry,  in 
comparison  of  the  popish  priesthood,  because,  as  you  say, 
they  can  read  their  service  comely,  decently,  and  distinctly; 
whereas  the  popish  priests  huddle  it  up  mthout  reverence,  igf 
and  are  rascal  companions. 

To  answer  this  :  as  you  make  great  account  of  reading 
decently  and  distinctly,  so  papists  judge  it  a  great  glory  to 
mumble  mattins  swiftly;  and  I  cannot  but  affirm,  that  a 
great  company  of  your  English  ministers  behave  themselves 

u  2 


292       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  as  irreverently  in  saying  of  the  divine  service,  as  the  popish 
'  priests ;  which  evidently  appeareth,  by  those  gallojiing  sir 
Anno  1572.  Johns  in  the  country,  that  have  licence  from  you  and  other 
bishops  to  serve  two  or  three  cures.  And  though,  either  of 
ignorance  you  cannot,  or  of  Avilfulness  you  would  not  see 
this,  yet  some  of  your  fellow-bishops  have  seen  it ;  and  there- 
fore in  agony  and  grief  of  stomach,  out  of  the  same  place 
have  both  spoken  against  it,  and  wished  a  redress  thereof, 
&c.  But,  I  pray  you,  how  long  will  it  be  impossible  to 
liave  preaching  ministers?  Could  you  do  nothing  therein 
these  thirteen  years  ?  If  it  pleased  God  to  open  the  queen''s 
majesty's  heart,  and  to  put  her  willing  hand  thereto,  I  could 
find  means  that  both  the  universities  and  cathedral  churches, 
as  the  matter  might  be  used,  should  be  able  to  bring  forth 
so  many  preaching  ministers  within  the  space  of  ten  years, 
as  should  serve  all  England.  And  no  man,  that  hath  reason 
in  his  head,  would  or  can  deny  it,  the  matter  is  so  plain. 
The  li-  II.  The   second  cause  of  my  writing  was,  because  you 

'"'^^^*  commended  above  the  moon  the  liturgy  or  form  of  prayer, 
and  administration  of  the  sacraments,  which  the  English 
church  useth  ;  saying,  it  is  most  agreeable  to  God's  word 
of  any  since  the  apostles'  time,  and  least  clogged  with  un- 
profitable ceremonies.  When  you  uttered  this,  you  had 
forgotten,  belike,  that  saying  of  the  wise  man  ;  He  that  jus- 
tifieth  the  zcncked,  and  he  that  condernneth  thejxist,  even  they 
hoth  are  abomination  to  the  Lord.  Neither  did  you  remem- 
ber, that  he  that  speakcth  lies  shall  perish ;  and.  The  mouth 
that  spealceth  lies  slayeth  the  soul.  But  it  should  seem, 
that  you  spake  of  ignorance,  not  having  seen  the  forms  of 
prayer  used  in  other  foreign  churches.  For  if  you  had  cast 
your  eye  upon  that  order  which  the  English  church  in  the 
time  of  queen  Mary  used,  both  in  Geneva  and  this  realm  in 
those  days,  you  should  have  seen  an  order  not  so  full  of  su- 
perstitions. If  that  will  not  please  you,  you  may  view  those 
forms  that  both  the  church  of  Geneva  itself,  and  the  re- 
formed churches  in  France  and  Germany  now  use.  If  those 
like  you  not,  look  into  Scotland,  and  consider  that  order. 
If  none  of  thos6  will  content  you,  because  you  are  loath  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  293 

go  so  far,  you  shall  do  well  to  behold  even  under  your  nose,    CHAP, 
here  at  home,  the  French,  and  Dutch,  and  Italian  churches 


in  London  ;  and  you  shall  see  another  manner  of  form,  more  Anno  1572. 
-agreeable  to  God's  word,  and  not  clogged  (that  I  may  use 
your  own  terms)  with  so  many  idle,  unprofitable,  ungodly, 
and  idolatrous  ceremonies.  For  there  is  among  them  no 
private  communion,  no  private  baptism,  no  service  for  the 
burial  of  the  dead,  no  churching  or  purifying  of  women,  no 
crossing  of  infants  in  baptism,  no  kneeling  at  the  Lord's 
supper,  no  hindering  of  preaching,  no  expounding  of  scrip- 
ture by  bare  reading  of  psalms,  lessons,  suffrages,  collects, 
patches,  and  pieces  of  epistles  and  gospels;  no  prescript 
order  of  service  for  saints'  days,  &c.  But  all  things  done  198 
in  order,  according  to  the  apostles'  rule,  and  to  edifying. 

If  I  would  enter  into  the  dispraise  of  the  book  of  ser- 
vice, as  you  did  in  the  commendation  thereof,  I  could 
avouch,  and  that  justly,  more  against  it  out  of  God's  book, 
than  you  are  able  to  bring  for  the  praise  thereof.  At  this 
time  I  will  say  no  more  but  this:  find  me  any  form  of 
prayer,  and  administration  of  sacraments,  set  forth  since  the 
apostles'  time,  more  full  of  corruption  than  this,  except  it 
be  the  pope's  portuise,  and  a  book  that  one  Hermannus, 
archbishop  of  Colen,  did  make,  (out  of  both  which  you 
have  patched  yours,)  and  I  will  not  only  willingly  yield  to 
it,  but  as  stoutly  defend  it  as  you  now  do.  And  as  for  the 
authority  of  Ignatius,  Tertullian,  Gyprian,  Justin  Mai'tyr, 
Eusebius,  and  others,  they  were  very  vainly  alleged,  and 
brought  rather  for  an  ostentation,  and  to  blind  the  eyes  of 
the  simple,  because  you  would  seem  rather  to  have  some- 
what to  say,  than  to  confirm  any  truth.  And  yet  the  most 
of  them  may  be  j  ustly  laid  against  yourself ;  and  a  man  may 
with  your  own  weapon  easily  wound  you.  If  you  will 
stand  so  precisely  to  their  judgment  in  some  points,  why 
not  also  in  some  others  ?  You  know  that  in  Cyprian's  time 
young  children  were  admitted  to  the  Lord's  supper,  contrary 
to  God's  Avord ;  and  men  carried  off  the  bread  (when  the 
sacrament  was  administered)  home  to  their  neighbours,  and 
dehvered  it  to  dicm;  which,  in  many  men's  judgments,  was 

u3 


294       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    not  lawful.     Neither  were  the  other,  which  were  before  Cy- 
^'        priaiij  (as  Tertullian  and  Ignatius,)  void  of  their  errors. 


Anno  1572.  And  jou  know  that  many  works  are  thrust  upon  us  in  both 
their  names ;  of  which  the  best  learned  doubt  whether  they 
were  theirs  or  no.  And  for  us  to  stand  so  much  upon 
men's  judgment,  seeing  that  every  man  is  a  Itai;  and  to  as- 
cribe so  much  unto  the  time  wherein  they  lived,  seeing  that 
tlie  apostle  tells  us,  that  the  mystery  of  imqu'ity  began  to 
rcork  in  his  days,  I  judge  it  a  mere  vanity,  and  a  deluding 
of  the  simple. 

But  I  would  fain  deal  in  a  word  or  two  with  you  about 
Justin''s  place,  because  you  seem  to  make  most  account 
thereof:  for  you  guessed  that  it  served  well  for  the  main- 
tenance of  your  bare  reading,  without  interpretation  and  ex- 
hortation. Yet  if  you  view  the  place  well,  you  shall  see 
that  it  maketh  wholly  against  you :  for  he  sheweth,  that  as 
in  his  time  the  writings  of  the  apostles  and  prophets  were 
read  upon  the  Sunday  in  the  public  assembly,  so  the  read- 
ing being  ended,  they  were  expounded  and  applied  to  the 
hearers,  to  the  end  that  the  people  might  better  understand 
the  mind  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  and  out  of  the  mouth  of  the 
minister  receive  also  some  comfortable  doctrines  and  in- 
structions. Is  it  so  now  ?  Are  no  scriptures  now  read,  but 
interpretation  and  application  follows  .''  If  you  answer  truly, 
you  must  needs  say,  No ;  and  withal  confess,  that  this  place 
serveth  no  whit  for  your  purpose,  though  you  did  bear  the 
world  in  hand  that  it  made  mightily  for  you. 

Now,  if  you  will  hereafter  deal  out  of  the  doctors,  you 
were  best  look  that  they  serve  fitly  for  your  heart,  lest  you 
utter  them  to  your  shame,  as  you  have  done  these.  You 
must  consider  this  much.  That  there  resort  to  that  place 
199  [i.  e.  Paul's  Cross]  such  as  can  try  all  things,  and  prove  the 
spirits,  whether  they  be  of  God,  or  no:  and,  though  they 
lack  your  countenance  and  estimation,  are  able  to  deal  with 
you,  or  the  best  bishop  in  this  church,  in  any  point  of 
Christian  religion.  Who  come  not  to  sleep,  as  some,  or 
for  a  show,  with  other  some,  or  to  tangle  you,  (as  you  un- 
justly report,)  but  to  hear  your  doctrine,  and  to  search  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  295 

scripture  daily,  whether  things  be  so  that  you  speak.     God    ^^^j^' 
give  you  grace  to  walk  before  him  with  a  simple  heart,  ut- 


terly  renouncing  all  these  shifts  and  shows  which  you  use  ^"""^ ^72. 
for  the  maintenance  of  your  Antichristian  honour,  and  the 
defence  of  the  tale  of  the  beast.  For  you  know  that  he  that 
wallceth  uprightly  rvalketh  boldly  and  surely ;  hut  he  that 
pervcrteth  his  zaays  shall  be  Imozvn.  And  the  Lord  will 
honour  them  that  honour  him ;  and  they  that  despise  him 
shall  be  despised. 

III.    For   that   you  went   about   to  prove  these  Anti- Names  and 

y  ,  titles  of 

christian  titles,  a?-chbishop,  lord  bishop,  honour,  grace,  w^- archbishops, 
tropoUtan,  primate,  dean,  archdeacon,  official,  &c.  in  mi-'^rdbisliops, 
nisters  and  preachers  of  the  gospel,  lawful,  which  indeed 
are  altogether  contrary  to  God's  word.  And  first,  your 
titles  of  dignity,  as  lord's  grace,  lord  bishop,  honour,  &c. 
how  repugnant  they  are  to  the  scripture,  every  one,  that  is 
not  willingly  blind,  seeth.  And  as  for  your  joining  civil 
offices  to  your  ecclesiastical  functions,  how  wicked  that  is, 
none  that  hath  any  taste  or  feehng  of  godliness  can,  with- 
out horror  and  grief  of  conscience,  consider.  You  know 
that  one  office  requires  a  whole  man ;  and  he  that  laboureth 
most  faithfully  in  one  function,  shall  never  do  his  duty  in 
such  a  strait  sort  as  God  requireth  at  his  hands.  And  what 
an  absurd  thing  is  this  too,  to  confound  those  too  several 
callings,  which  in  all  commonwealths,  either  of  Gentiles  or 
Jews,  (unless  there  hath  been  a  very  great  disorder  among 
them,)  have  been  sundered ;  and  to  appropriate  them  both 
to  one  person,  which  have  been  severally  allotted  to  two ! 
You  see  that  Moses  was  God's  magistrate,  appointed  to 
hear  hard  matters  among  the  people,  and  to  give  sentence 
therein.  And  Aaron  was  the  Lord's  priest,  and  laboured 
in  that  office.  So  Joshua  was  the  Lord's  captain,  to  go  in 
and  out  before  the  people.  And  Eleazar  executed  the 
charge  and  function  of  a  priest.  But  touching  this  matter, 
I  will  refer  you  for  this  time  to  the  judgment  of  one  of 
your  own  coat ;  I  mean  Mr.  Alley,  late  bishop  of  Exeter. 
And  this  much  be  generally  spoken  at  this  present,  con- 
cerning those  proud  titles  and  unlawful  offices. 

u  4 


296       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Now  because  you  dealt  with  some  spiritual  ones,  to  wit, 

^-    archbishops  and  mctroj)olitans,  I  mean,  with  God's  assist- 

Amioi572.anee,  to  join  with  you  about  them.  But  first  you  must 
give  me  leave  to  disclose  your  subtilty  and  craftiness,  which 
did  on  set  purpose  omit  to  treat  of  primates,  deans,  arch- 
deacons, suffragans,  commissaries,  officials,  chancellors,  &c. 
because  you  were  able  in  defence  of  them  to  say  nothing. 
For  if  you  had  been  able  concerning  them  to  utter  any 
thing  to  the  purpose,  yea,  though  it  might  have  had  but 
only  a  shoAv  of  some  force,  you  would  not  have  concealed 
it,  no  more  than  you  did  that  which  you  unfitly  and  weakly, 
God  knows,  concerning  archbishops  and  metropolitans,  then 
spoke.  For  what  a  feeble  argument  is  this,  There  were 
200  archbishops  in  the  first  Nicene  council,  three  hundred  years 
after  Christ,  and  perhaps  before  that  time :  therefore  the 
office  is  agreeable  to  God's  word,  and  may  well  be  used. 
To  speak  my  mind  herein,  I  judge  you  will  prove  this  ar- 
o-vnnent  ad  Grcecas  calendas ;  so  weak,  nay,  so  reasonless  a 
reason,  was  never  heard  come  out  of  the  mouth  of  any,  that 
had  but  the  countenance  of  learning. 

It  is  much  like  a  reason  that  Harding  maketh  against 
bishop  Jewel,  for  the  communion  in  one  kind.  INIclchize- 
dek  met  Abraham  coming  from  the  spoil,  and  offered  him 
bread  and  wine:  therefore  we  must  have  the  sacrament 
delivered  under  one  kind.  And  this  one  thing  I  would 
have  you  to  note,  that  this  word  arch  is  not  attributed, 
throughout  the  whole  New  Testament,  to  any  officer  or 
minister  of  God's  church  militant  here  in  earth.  Indeed 
St.  Peter  doth  call  Christ  «e;)^i7ro»y»jv,  the  ch'uf  Shepherd. 
By  which  he  teachcth  us,  that  if  any  man  vindicate  or  claim 
the  same  title  to  himself,  or  receive  it,  being  by  other  given 
unto  him,  he,  as  nuich  as  in  him  lieth,  spoileth  and  robbcth 
Christ  Jesus  of  his  glory  :  because,  if  he  doth  not  exalt 
himself  thereby  above  God's  Son,  yet  he  maketh  himself 
equal  with  him  ;  inasmuch  as  he  takcth  to  liim  that  name 
and  title,  which  by  right  doth  only  belong  to  Christ. 

And  as  to  metropolitajis,  and  their  first  original,  we 
have  little  to  say  besides  that  which  you  yourselves  confess, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  ^97 

namely,  that  they  were  by  men  devised,  for  the  pacifying    CHAP, 
of  schisms  and  controversies  in  the  church.     But  here  is  a      ^^^• 


question,  whether  the  primitive  church  ever  appointed  any  Anno  1572. 
such.  I  am  svu'e  you  will  answer,  No;  because  you  are  not 
able  to  shew  out  of  the  apostles'  writings  any  such  order 
was  taken  among  them ;  for  they  had  another  way  to  end 
strifes  and  contentions.  If  there  were  any  discords  in  a 
church  about  any  matters  and  points  of  religion,  there  was 
no  metropolitan  then  of  the  same  church  to  decide  the 
matter.  But  they  sent  brethren  to  the  ministers  and  elders 
of  another  church,  who  gave  their  sentence  according  to 
truth ;  and  so  contentions  ceased.  This  Avas  the  order 
then ;  and  in  reformed  churches,  this  is,  at  this  day,  their 
common  practice.  And  so  it  should  be  among  us;  un- 
less you  will  blasphemously  say,  you  can  prescribe  better 
orders  for  the  ending  of  schisms  and  quieting  of  strifes, 
than  did  the  apostles,  to  whom  the  Holy  Ghost  was  abun- 
dantly given. 

This  then  that  hath  been  declared  being  true,  as  it  is 
the  infallible  truth  of  God's  Avord,  and  therefore  shall  pre- 
vail, what  remaineth,  but  that,  if  you  will  be  accounted  fol- 
lowers and  favourers  of  this  truth,  you  renounce  these  Anti- 
christian  titles  and  honours,  being  so  directly  contrary  to 
God's  word ;  and  content  yourselves  M'ith  that  ordinary 
function  and  office,  that  God  in  his  word  hath  unto  you 
allotted  :  labouring  also  earnestly  to  bring  in  that  way  and 
means  of  pacifying  controversies,  that  God's  word  appoint- 
eth,  and  the  apostles  in  their  times  practised  ;  and  not  so 
stoutly  to  maintain  that  which  man's  brains  hath  devised. 
Because  that  men's  inventions,  throughout  all  the  scrip- 
tures, are  generally  condemned ;  especially  being  so  repug- 
nant to  God's  word  as  these  are.  Bind  not  therefore  two 
sins  together,  by  enjoying  and  defending  also  these  unjust 
matters :  for  the  wise  man  telleth  you,  that  in  one  sin  you 
shall  not  be  unpunished. 

IV.  Because  you  said,  that  for  the  external  form  of  go- 201 
vernment  in  the  church,  for  administration  of  sacraments  I'^o""  "f 
and  ceremonies  appertaining  to  order,  to  have  them  done  vernment. 


298      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    according  to  the  prescript  of  God's  word,  you  judged  it  an 
error ;  if  this  be  not  blasphemy  intolerable,  then  let  all  the 


Anno  1572.  ^Qj.j(^  judge.  Christ  saith,  that  xvhosoever  shall  speak  a 
tion  of  sa-"  '^ord  against  the  Son  of  man,  it  shall  he  forgiven  him ;  hut 
cranients  hlttsphemy  against  the  Holy  Ghost  shall  not  he  forgiven 
monies.  unto  men.  Hath  not  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  scripture  pre- 
cisely pointed  out  the  spiritual  government  of  his  church, 
which  no  mortal  creature  may  alter  and  change  ?  Yet  you 
in  the  fulness  of  iniquity  say,  we  are  not  bound  to  that 
order.  What  voice  more  blasphemous  coidd  that  Romish 
Antichrist  have  uttered  ?  Indeed,  if  you  had  dealt  only  in 
the  circumstances  of  the  administration  of  sacraments  and 
ceremonies,  your  judgment  would  have  been  better  liked. 
Yet  Beza  writeth,  that  they  are  able  to  prove,  that  not  only 
the  doctrine  of  the  church  of  Geneva  doth  agree  with  God's 
word,  but  also,  that  it  should  not  be  hard  for  them  to  shew, 
that  the  simplicity  of  the  ceremonies  of  that  church,  and  the 
whole  order  of  their  discipline,  are  drawn  out  of  the  same 
fountain,  &c. 

Hereby  svirely  you  bewray  yourself  to  be  without  skill  in 
the  holy  scriptures,  because  you  make  no  difference  between 
regiment  and  ceremonies.  For  regiment  we  have  plain  and 
particular  commandment,  testimonies,  and  examples.  As 
for  ceremonies,  we  have  one  general  rule  for  all;  Let  all 
things  he  done  to  edify;  comely,  and  according  to  order: 
because  God  is  the  God  of  peace  and  order,  and  not  of  con- 
fusion. But  because  you  would  seem  to  make  this  matter 
more  glorious,  and  to  get  greater  credit  among  the  hearers, 
you  judged  that  every  godly  man  in  Europe  is  of  your 
mind,  if  his  judgment  were  asked  in  these  points.  And  are 
you  sure  thereof.?  Have  you  travelled  throughout  all  Eu- 
rope, to  understand  what  they  think  ?  I  suppose.  No ;  be- 
cause I  have  heard  you  were  yet  never  out  of  this  realm. 
Where  then  have  you  seen  their  judgments.?  Writings,  I 
think  not :  for  you  came  to  be  a  divine  but  yesterday  in  re- 
spect ;  and  therefore  you  could  not  so  soon  peruse  all  their 
works  and  writings.  How  durst  you  then  take  upon  you 
thus  to  deal  in  so  public  and  so  learned  an  assembly  ?  Cer- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  299 

tainly  what  other  men  guess  at  it,  I  know  not ;  but,  in  my    CHAP. 
judgment,  it  is  great  boldness  and  folly.     And  this  further,      ^^ 


to  the  overthrow  of  your  assertion,  I  dare  say,  that  if  any  Anno  1572. 
learned  man^s  judgment  in  all  Europe  were  asked,  (except- 
ing atheists,  libertines,  Lutherans,  and  papists,  who  des- 
perately cast  from  them,  and  of  set  purpose  refuse  this 
godly  kind  of  government,)  especially  if  either  they  were 
of  churches  reformed,  or  had  seen  them ;  that  then  he  or 
they  altogether  would  answer  and  confess,  that  this  surely 
were  not  the  voice  of  any  one  that  did  preach  or  profess  the 
gospel,  but  of  some  scullion  of  Antichrist's  kitchen,  or  of 
some  other  instrument  that  the  Devil  useth  to  deceive  the 
minds  and  souls  of  the  simple. 

And  as  this  was  most  blasphemous  and  false,  so  most  un- 
true also  was  that  which  you,  out  of  the  poison  of  your 
venomous  stomach,  then  uttered  against  many,  who,  be- 
cause they  desired  the  reformation  of  cathedral  churches,  202 
the  dens  of  all  loitering  lubbers  and  thieves,  you  unjustly 
accused,  saying,  that  they  wished,  and  sought  in  like  sort, 
the  overthrow  of  colleges  and  universities.  But  to  prove 
you  deceived,  and  to  declare  the  thing  never  to  be  thought, 
much  less  to  be  put  in  practice,  this  much,  in  those  persons' 
behalf,  be  truly  and  faithfully  spoken.  They  have  as  great 
care  (in  the  spirit  of  humility  be  it  said)  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  colleges,  universities,  learning,  and  learned  men, 
as  you,  or  any  other,  possibly  can  have.  And  if  God  had 
given  them  as  many  means  and  as  great  abilities  to  do 
good  in  that  behalf,  as  he  hath  to  you  and  others,  no  doubt 
but  their  love  would  plainly  appear,  by  their  deeds  and  li- 
beralities, to  be  far  greater  than  yours  or  others  is.  Yea, 
without  boasting  be  it  spoken,  some  of  them  enjoying  spi- 
ritual promotions,  as  you  term  them,  and  some  others  lack- 
ing the  same,  have  done  more  good,  to  the  relief  of  poor 
scholars,  than  as  yet  many  of  your  coat  and  calling. 

Further,  you  know  that  it  becometh  all  men,  but  espe- 
cially bishops  and  ministers,  to  speak  the  truth  :  and  yet,  if 
I  had  not  before,  according  to  my  duty,  reproved  you  for 
lying,  I  would  here  have  dealt  more  sharply  with  you  for 


300       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  the  same.  Attauicn  quod  defertur,  non  aitf'crtiir ;  espe- 
cially  if  you  go  on  forward  as  you  have  begun.     Nam  qui 

Aano  IS72. pergit,  ea  qu(B  vult  dicere,  ea  quce  non  vult,  audiet.  In  the 
mean  while,  God  give  you  and  every  one  grace  to  speak  the 
trutli  to  his  neighbour  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart. 

Places  of  V.  Because  you  wrested  and  perverted  sundry  places  of 

scripture  al-         .  i  •    i'  n  i  *       r.  xr 

legeii  by  the  scripture  whicli  you  alleged.  As  nrst,  Nemo  potest  venire 
bishop.  fjfi  ^^^^  ^'^gi  PqI(-y  qui  misit  me,  traxerit  eiim.  Which  you 
English  twice  for  failing,  after  this  sort :  No  man  can  come 
unto  me,  itnless  my  Father  lead  him.  AVhich  interpreta- 
tion savoureth  somewhat  of  Pelagianism,  (thougli  you  and 
your  fellow-bishops  unjustly  charge  others  therewith,)  be- 
cause it  seemeth  to  attribute  some  small  unwillingness  to  be 
in  man,  as  coming  to  God ;  whereas  the  apostle  telleth  us, 
that  God  zoorJceth  in  us  both  the  will  and  the  deed,  accord- 
ing to  his  good  lileasure.  And  God''s  Spirit  sheweth,  that 
the  imaginations  of  man's  heart  are  only  evil  every  day. 
So  that  we  cannot  of  ourselves  think  a  good  thought,  much 
less  do  a  good  and  acceptable  deed  in  the  sight  of  God. 
To  lead,  you  know,  is  not  so  forcible  as  to  drazv.  For 
many  times  Ave  may  be  led  thither,  whither  we  would  gladly 
and  without  resisting  go,  &c.  Our  Savioiu'  Christ-s  mean- 
ing in  these  words  is,  both  to  set  forth  our  unwillingness  to 
come  unto  him,  that  full  fountain  and  treasure  of  all  good- 
ness, and  also  to  declare  the  forcible  means  that  God  the 
Father  doth  use ;  who,  will  we  or  nil  we,  will  draw  us  unto 
his  Son.  If  you  had  considered  the  nature  of  the  place,  or 
w'eighed  the  drift  of  our  Saviour's  talk,  or  scanned  the 
Latin  or  Greek  word,  you  would  never  have  interpreted  it 
after  that  fashion,  &c.  The  Greek  word  sK-nuas,  which  ge- 
nerally throughout  the  scriptures,  especially  of  the  New 
Testament,  (so  far  as  I  have  yet  read,)  signifieth  in  the 
agent,  icith  violence  to  draic,  &c. 
203  The  second  place  which  you  abused  was  this,  Every 
plant  xchich  my  heavenly  Father  hath  not  planted  shall  he 
pluclccd  up  by  the  roots.  You  understand  it  of  doctrine 
only,  and  not  of  ceremonies ;  as  much  in  this  behalf  wrest- 
ing the  mind  of  the  Holy  Gliost  in  this  second,  as  in  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  301 

former,  falsely  and  corruptly  expounding  the  word.     For    CHAP 
if  you  view  the  text  well,  you  shall  see  that  the  matter  be 


twixt  the  Scribes  and  Pharisees,  and  our  Saviour  Christ,  Anno  1572. 
was  about  ceremonies  and  traditions,  as  washing  of  hands, 
&c.  In  observing  of  which  order,  he  gave  them  to  under- 
stand, that  they  were  a  great  deal  more  precise  and  rigor- 
ous, than  in  keeping  God's  commandments ;  and  therefore 
calleth  them  hypocrites:  plainly  proving,  out  of  Esaiah 
the  prophet,  that  they  were  deep  dissemblers  before  God. 
With  which  plain  kind  of  speech,  as  it  should  appear  by 
the  disciples'  words  to  their  Master,  the  Pharisees  were 
offended.  Whereupon  Christ  taketh  occasion  to  utter  this 
sentence.  Every  pla7it  which  my  Father,  &c.  referring  it 
not  only  to  doctrine,  as  you  say,  because  in  the  next  chap- 
ter he  dealeth  with  their  doctrines  in  these  words.  Take 
heed  and  hezcare  of  the  leaven  of  Pharisees ;  but  also  to 
ceremonies,  ordinances,  and  ti'aditions,  whereupon  in  the 
beginning  of  the  chapter  the  question  was  made. 

Thirdly,  you  perverted  a  place  in  the  prophecy  of  Eze- 
chiel  against  such  as  seek  the  sincerity  of  the  gospel.    That 
you  were  somewhat  earnest  against  papists,  is  not  to  be  dis- 
liked ;  and  would  to  God  you  would  perform  in  that  be- 
half as  much  indeed  as  you  prattle  in  your  words.     But 
that  you  joined,  as  it  were  in  one  yoke,  papists  and  zealous 
gospellers,  wishing  severe  punishment,   belike,   to    be  ap- 
pointed for  them,  you  were  not  only  misliked,  and  caused 
many  to  judge,  that  you  spake  rather  of  choler  than  cha- 
rity ;  but  also  you  and  others,  by  such  vehement  words, 
have  plainly  declared  yourselves  whose   children  you  be. 
To  what  end,  I  pray  you,  should  you  wish  more  extreme 
laws  and  penalties  to  be  made  against   poor  protestants .? 
Certain  it  is,  that  unless  you  took  their  lives  from  them,  you 
cannot  more  cruelly  handle  some  of  them,  than  heretofore 
you  have  done,  and  at  this  present  do. 

For  to  let  pass  your  former  banishments,  imprisonments, 
suspensions,  excommunications,  deprivations,  &c.  (by  which 
tyrannous  kind  of  dealing  you  have  taken  away  the  means 
by  which  poor  men  should  live,  and  so  in  God's  sight  are 


302       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   become  murderers;  for  he  that  taketh  away  the  bread  of 
^'        the  poor,  taketh  away  the  hfe  of  the  poor:  which  we  have 


Anno  1572.  even  now  before  our  eyes,  a  notable  spectacle  of  your  good 
heartedness ;)  do  you  not  keep  at  this  hour  as  godly  mi- 
nisters in  close  prison,  so  that  no  friends  can  come  to  visit 
them  ?  Do  you  not  separate  them  and  their  wives,  which 
in  God's  sight  is  a  horrible  iniquity  ?  Do  you  not  labour, 
as  much  as  in  you  lieth,  by  this  your  tyrannous  dealing, 
to  make  their  wives  widows,  and  their  children  fatherless  ? 
And  yet  you  would  have  more  extreme  punishment.  Is 
it  not  punishment  enough,  think  you,  for  refusing  your 
popish  apparel,  and  other  relics  of  the  Romish  beast,  to  be 
thrust  from  house,  living,  and  all  that  one  hath  ?  Is  it  not 
a  hard  censure,  for  speaking  or  writing  against  your  mis- 
sals and  pontifical,  to  be  imprisoned  at  your  pleasure?  Is 
204  it  not  cruelty  almost  unheard  of,  for  seeking  a  reforma- 
tion of  religion,  to  be  thrown  into  Newgate  ?  Doth  not  this 
savour  somewhat  of  a  bloodthirsty  heart  ?  It  argueth  to 
me,  (I  know  not  what  it  doth  to  others,)  that  you  are  of 
your  father  the  Devil,  who  was  a  liar,  and  the  murderer 
from  the  beginning.  This  I  can  say  for  them  both,  that 
by  your  tyranny  and  forcible  dealings,  they,  their  wives, 
children,  and  families,  are  utterly  beggared. 

Is  not  this  to  rule  with  cruelty  and  rigour .''  If  Ishmael's 
mocking  of  Izhach  be  counted  by  God  for  persecution, 
what  will  the  Lord  account  this  your  cruel  handling  ?  And 
do  you  think  for  it,  you  shall  escape  unpunished  ?  Assure 
yourself,  that  as  you  persecute  them,  so  shall  you  be  per- 
secuted ;  and  as  you  bring  them  and  theirs  to  beggary,  so 
shall  you  and  yours,  for  all  your  lordships,  unless  you  re- 
pent, be  brought  to  as  great  necessity.  Shall  I  heap  up 
examples  against  you  ?  Look  upon  Adonibezek,  as  right  a 
pattern  for  you  to  behold,  as  possibly  can  be,  &c. 

But,  methinks,  it  is  reason,  that  since  you  linked  them 
and  papists  together,  to  make  their  cause  more  odious, 
(whereas  indeed  there  is  no  just  comparison  between  them  ; 
for  papists  are  traitors  to  God,  and  their  prince,  but  these 
as  true  to  both  of  them,  as  you,  or  all  the  bishops  in  this 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  803 

realm,  meagre  your  heads,)  they  should  not  be  more  cruelly    CHAP, 
handled  than  papists  are.    Which  of  the  papists  did  you 


ever  use  after  this  sort?  Had  not  Bonner,  while  he  lived, Anno  1572. 
his  strumpet  resorting  to  him  daily  ?  Have  not  the  pri- 
soners, which  were  removed  out  of  the  Tower  to  the  Mar- 
shalsea,  the  liberty  of  the  whole  house?  And  none  for- 
bidden to  resort  unto  them  ?  Have  not  you  taken  some  of 
them  home  to  your  houses  ?  set  them  at  your  own  tables  ? 
and  made  them  good  cheer?  And  is  those  men's  case 
worse  than  these  ?  I  dare  therein  appeal  to  your  own  con- 
sciences. Why  do  you  then  miserably  misuse  them,  and 
handle  them  more  cruelly  than  papists,  traitors,  atheists, 
felons,  drunkards,  whoremongers,  blasphemers?  &ec.  Be- 
like, you  think,  God  seeth  it  not,  and  therefore  say  with  the 
wicked,  Tush^  God  careth  not  for  this.  Or  else  you  have 
forgotten  that  God  counteth  the  injury  and  villainy  done  to 
his  children  as  done  to  himself.  Let  the  hard  sentence  pro- 
nounced against  the  careless  servant  somewhat  terrify  you. 
And  flatter  not  yourselves  herein  :  for  surely  God  is  a  sharp 
revenger  of  the  injuries  done  to  his  saints,  &c. 

But  to  return  to  the  place  of  Ezechiel.  You  went  about, 
out  of  these  words  of  the  prophet.  But  I  will  destroy  the 
fot  and  the  strong:  and  I  will  foed  them  with  judgment, 
&c.  to  prove  that  sharp  laws  should  be  made  against  the 
seely  poor  sheep,  that  in  your  judgment  were  unruly ;  be- 
cause they  would  not  be  ruled  by  the  laws,  ordinances,  con- 
stitutions, and  government  of  Antichrist.  Doubtless  you 
should  have  done  well  to  have  considered  of  what  fat  and 
lusty  sheep  the  prophet  there  speaketh,  before  you  had  pro- 
nounced so  hard  and  shai'p  a  sentence  against  the  Lord''s 
lambs.  The  prophet  speaks  not  there  of  such  as  refused  to 
subject  their  necks  to  the  yoke  of  idolatrous  slavery ;  for 
from  that  they  were  commanded  to  flee,  &c.  But  he  speak- 
eth in  that  place  of  swelling  and  lofty  spirits,  who  not  only 
exalted  themselves  above  their  brethren,  but  thought  also, 
that  they  had  no  need  to  be  ruled  and  governed  of  God 
himself,  &c.  Whether  this  may  be  rightly  applied  against  205 
such  as  seek  for  the  simplicity  and  sincerity  of  the  gospel, 


304       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  and  wish  to  be  subject  only  to  God's  will  in  his  word  re- 
vealed,  or  to  papists  and  3^011,  which  will  not  have  Christ, 
Anno  1572. by  his  word  and  discipline,  to  reign  over  you,  let  all  that 
Imve  at  all  any  sight  in  God's  word  faithfully  judge. 

I  here  link  you  and  papists  together,  (for  which  I  would 
not  have  you  to  be  grieved,)  more  justly  a  great  deal  than 
you  before  did  vis;  not  so  much  for  the  likeness  of  your 
garments  and  attire,  (which  is  evil,)  as  for  your  unwilling- 
ness to  submit  yourselves  (which  is  much  worse)  to  the 
order  and  form  of  remment  which  Christ  hath  left  to  his 
church  ;  and  stoutly  defending,  as  it  were  for  life  and  death, 
that  corrupt  and  sinful  government,  which  Antichrist,  the 
pope,  and  the  Devil,  have  devised  and  set  abroad  for  the 
establishing  of  their  kingdom.  Sec. 

And  thus  you  plainly  see  my  mind  concerning  some 
parts  of  your  sermon.  I  would  willingly  have  dealt  with 
you  in  some  other,  but  that  I  think  I  have  been  somewhat 
long  in  these,  and  am  certainly  persuaded  that  others  will 
either  write  to  you,  or  talk  with  you  about  those  points 
which  I  have  not  touched,  &c.  Thus  hoping  you  will 
shortly  satisfy  them  by  some  retractation  or  apology,  whom 
in  so  open  a  place  you  have  deluded,  I  take  my  leave  of 
you :  promising,  if  you  take  no  regard  hereof,  not  only  to 
publish  this  writing,  but  also  further  confutations  of  other 
men's  doings,  that  your  poison  be  not  received  of  more,  to 
their  utter  confusion.     Fare  you  well. 

Whether  the  bishop  of  Lincoln  vouchsafed  any  answer  to 
this  challenge  and  threatening,  and  the  many  severe  and  un- 
just reflections  made  upon  all  the  bishops,  and  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  church  itself,  I  cannot  tell.  But,  however,  I 
have  transcribed  this  long  paper,  that  hence  might  be  seen 
the  spirit  of  this  sort  of  men  in  these  times,  rude  in  language 
to  their  superiors,  dogmatical,  confident  in  their  charges  of 
popery,  persecution,  and  Antichristianism  upon  this  cliurch, 
and  the  reformed  governors  of  it,  and  extolling  their  new 
discipline. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  305 

CHAP.  XXII. 

Serious  deliberation  about  a  reformation  of  divers  tilings  in 
church  and  state.  Memorials.  Lent  e7ijoined.  Commis- 
sions for  concealed  lands  abused :  revoked :  but  granted 
again.  An  act  against  concealers.  Grants  for  penal 
statutes  checked  and  7-egulated.  Massmongers  at  the 
Portugal  ambassador''s  house.  The  queerCs  progress. 
Earl  of  Northumberland  executed.  The  queen  hath  the 
small-pox.  Her  letter  thereof  and  of  her  recovery,  to 
the  earl  of  Shrewsbury.     She  hath  fointing  jits. 

JjUT  that  these  malecontented  men,  that  pretended  them- Anno  1572. 
selves  the  great  reformers  of  rehmon,  might  have  no  iust^«fo''">*- 
and  reasonable  cause  to  find  fault  for  want  of  cori-ection  of  about  in 
things  really  amiss  in  the  church  or  churchmen,  the  wise  '^l^""^*^''  ^"'^ 
and  good  lord  treasurer  (while  the  queen  was  abroad  in  her 
progress  this  summer,  and  he  with  her)  took  this  matter 
into  his  serious  thoughts,  the  court  being  now  at  Reading, 
and  drew  up  memorials  about  it.     And  when  the  nation 
seemed  to  be  in  great  apprehensions  of  plots  and  dangers, 
the  queen  herself,  in  order  to  her  better  peace  and  safety, 
intended  a  more  careful  reformation  of  whatever  might  be 
amiss  in  her  kingdom,  in  all  sorts  of  people,  laity  as  well  as 
clergy,  bishops,  ministers  of  the  laws  in  the  several  courts 
of  justice,  commissioners  of  the  peace;  and  for  prudent  pro- 
viding against  national  dangers  and  insurrections.     Inspec- 
tions also  were  thought  expedient  to  be  made  into  the  navy, 
and  into  the  demeanour  of  the  several  lord  lieutenants  of 
the  counties,  and  inquiry  to  be  made  after  such  as  were  in 
any  office,  whether  temporal  or  spiritual,  that  were  con- 
temners of  the  orders  of  religion  established.     For  this  pur- 
pose the  same  lord  treasurer,  in  the  month  of  October  the 
same  year,  at  the  same  place,  (where  it  seems  the  queen 
still  was,)  drew  up  other  memorials  with  his  own  hand  for  Memorials. 
her  use,  entitled, 

"  Certain  things  necessary  to  be  better  ordered. 
"  The  state  of  the  church  cmd  religion.   The  bishops  and  ^^^-  ^"'■?' 

'^  01  hun.  penes 

VOL.  IT.  X  me. 


306       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  clergy  [to  be]  reformed  for  their  wastes  of  their  patrimo 
nies :  the  neghgence  of  teaching,  and  the  abuse  of  plu-" 


Anno  1572.  «<  ralities  and  nonresidence  by  unnecessary  dispensations: 
sitatio'n  for  "  ^^^^  decays  of  churches,  chancels,  and  chapels  ordained 
this.  "  for  divine  service,  to  be  repaired :  the  lack  of  parsons, 

"  vicars,  and  curates  in  sundry  places. 

"  The  obstinate  co7itemners  ofreVigion.    To  be  punished 

"  according  to  the  laws  of  the  realm. 

207      "  The  ministers  of'  the  laio  to  be  reformed.     Justices  of 

iiie  lords  of  u  ^ourts  and  assizes,  sergeants,  pleaders,  counsellors,  advo- 

touncii  to    "  cates,   proctors,   and   attorneys,  in  both   laws,  would  be 

in  the  Star-"  sworn  to  the  qucen's  majesty.     The  excessive  taking  of 

cliamber.     <<  fees  for  counsel,  and  for  all  other  writings  in  all  courts,  to 

"  be  moderated,  for  the  ease  of  the  subjects. 

"  The  houses  of' court  and  chancery  to  be  visited,  and  the 
"  abuses  reformed :  whereby  no  such  confluence  of  unmeet 
"  persons,  given  to  riot,  sedition,  and  such  misrule,  may  be 
"  permitted. 
The  lords  of      "  The  councils  in  the  marches  of  Wales,  and  in  the  north, 
t  e  connci  .  ^  ^^  ^^  considered ;  that  sufficient  number  of  wise,  able, 
"  and  meet  persons,  for  the  reverence  of  the  place,  and  for 
"  furtherance  of  justice,  to  be  there  placed,  and  the  unmeet 
*'  removed;  and  the  abuses  of  multitude  of  attorneys''  clerks, 
*'  and  their  excessive  fees,  also  reformed,  to  the  ease  and 
"  comfort  of  the  subjects. 
The  lords  of      "  Thc  commissions  of  the  jjeace  in  all  shires  to  be  viewed  ; 
e  counci .  jj  ^^^  ^^j^^  unmeet  persons  removed,  and  the  rooms  supplied 
"  with  more  trusty  and  able  persons. 
The  che-  "  That  good  and  faithful  men  be  appointed  sheriffs  for 

ber,  and      "  this  year. 

the  queen's       <■<.  gome  consultation  to  be  had  how  the  vent  of  the  com- 

"  modities  of  the  realm  may  be  more  frequent,  as  well  for 

"  her  majcsty\s  benefit  in  her  customs,  as  for  the  Aveal  of 

"  the  owners  and  workers  of  the  said  commodities. 

vice-adnii-       "  The  navy  of  the  realm  to  be  surveyed  in  every  port, 

of'c'astom-*  "  ^^^^^  ^^^^  numbcrs  of  ships  and  vessels,  and  the  mariners 

houses,  and  "  for  that  purpose. 

of  tiie  port        "That    lieutenants  be    appointed    in    every   shire:   and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  307 

"  their  power  to  be  limited  only  to  attend  to  the  musters  of  CHAp, 
"  the  able  people ;  to  the  furnishing  of  them  with  armour 1 


"  and  weapon ;  and  to  have  force  in  a  readiness  to  suppress  '^""o  '572. 

"  any  rebellion,  or  to  serve  as  by  her  majesty  they  shall  be 

"  connnanded ;  and  not  to  deal  in  hearing  of  matters  de- 

"  terminable  by  the  laws.     That  every  county  be  in  readi- 

"  ness  with  their  captains  and  leaders :  and  no  musters  nor 

"  assemblies  to  be  iTiade,  but  where  the  lieutenants  shall 

"  appoint. 

"  That  the  late  statute  for  rogues  be  diligently  and  ear-  Letters  to 
"  nestly  executed.  justices. 

"  That  knowledge  be  had  who  they  are  in  every  county  xiie  oidina- 
"  that  bear  office,  either  spiritual  or  temporal,  that  do  not  '""^*'  ^^'^'^ 

I'll  111  some  teiu- 

"  resort  to  their  churches ;  and  who  they  are  that,  though  porai  joined 
"  they  do  resort  sometime  to  their  churches,  be  either  con-  ^'**'  ^^^^' 
"  temners  or  deriders  of  the  orders  of  relioion  established 
"  by  act  of  parliament." 

The  state  now  thought  it  highly  needful,  upon  politic  ac-  Prociama- 
counts,  that  Lent,  and  other  yearly  fasting  times,  should  be  ^^j"^  °^ 
duly  observed,  according  to  the  ancient  orders  for  absti- 
nence :  but  the  people  were  not  apt  at  all  to  comply  there- 
with, and  could  very  unwillingly  be  restrained  from  eating 
flesh.  The  queen  therefore  did  now,  somewhat  before  the 
season  of  Lent,  give  forth  a  strict  and  ample  proclamation 
for  the  yearly  observance  of  that  fast,  and  all  other  fish 
days,  according  to  the  ancient  and  laudable  order  for  fasting 
those  times:  "  Weighing  the  great  and  notable  commodities 
"  growing  by  the  due  observation  thereof  within  her  ma-  208 
"  jesty's  dominions.  She,  by  virtue  of  that  proclamation, 
"  commanded  all  officers,  ecclesiastical  and  temporal, 
"  straitly  to  see  the  same  well  and  duly  observed :  willing 
"  and  commanding  them,  in  the  name  of  Almighty  God, 
"  to  whom  they  should  answer  for  their  peculiar  charges, 
"  and  as  they  would  answer  to  her  for  their  contempt,  that 
"  they  did  not,  either  by  their  own  example,  or  by  lack  of 
"  execution  of  their  authority,  permit  such  licentious  and 
"  carnal  disorder,  in  contempt  of  God  and  man,  and  only 

x  2 


308       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "to  the  satisfaction  of  devilish  and  carnal  appetite:"  as  the 
'  words  of  the  proclamation  ran. 
Anno  1572.  And  for  the  city  and  borough  of  London  and  Westmin- 
ster, the  queen  gave  charge  to  the  mayor  of  London,  and 
the  steward  and  principal  officers  of  Westminster,  to  take 
care,  that  no  butcher,  poulterer,  or  victualler  should  here- 
after kill,  sell,  or  cause  to  be  killed  or  sold,  any  flesh  be- 
tween Shrove-Tuesday  and  the  Tuesday  next  after  Palm- 
Sunday.  And  that  no  table-keeper  or  inn-holder,  &c.  should 
dress,  or  suffer  to  be  dressed  or  eaten,  any  flesh  within  their 
houses  in  Lent  time,  or  upon  any  fish-days,  upon  pain  of 
forfeiture  of  20Z. :  to  the  queen  one  half,  and  the  other  to 
be  disposed  by  the  church-wardens  to  the  poor.  And  if  any 
citizen  should  offend  herein,  he  was  to  be  disfranchised  by 
the  mayor  and  his  brethren ;  and  being  a  table-keeper  or 
victualler,  to  be  utterly  disabled  to  use  the  same  trade :  and 
if  he  were  not  a  citizen,  then,  besides  the  said  forfeiture,  to 
endure  ten  days""  imprisonment.  And  if  the  person  offend- 
ing were  not  able  to  pay  the  forfeiture,  he  was  to  stand  one 
market-day  openly  upon  the  pillory  during  the  space  of  six 
hours. 

Every  alderman  in  his  ward  was  twice  in  the  Lent  to 
cause  an  inquiry  and  presentment  to  be  made  by  oath  of 
twelve  honest  and  substantial  citizens  of  every  ward,  (being 
no  butchers,  poulterers,  common  victuallers,)  what  persons 
did  offend  in  eating  or  killing  flesh.  One  inquiry  to  be  the 
Monday  after  Midlent-Sunday,  tlie  other  in  the  week  next 
before  Easter.  The  mayor  with  his  brethren  to  cause  once 
every  fortnight  privy  search  to  be  made,  by  honest  and 
trusty  persons,  of  the  houses  of  butchers,  poulterers,  victual- 
lers, tavern-keepers,  for  the  better  understanding  whether 
they,  or  any  of  them,  did  offend  in  the  premises:  and  if 
they  found  any  such,  to  punish  them  without  favour,  af- 
fection, or  respect  of  persons.  The  like  order  to  be  kept 
by  the  discretion  of  the  steward  and  head  officers  of  West- 
minster. 

The  said  mayor  and  aldermen,  and  steward,  were  yearly 
to  certify  in  the  court  of  chancery,  before  the  first  day  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  309 

Easter  term,  upon  pain  of  an  lOOZ.  what  they  had  done  in    CHAP, 
execution  of  the  premises,  under  their  hands  and  seals,  to     ^^^^- 
the  intent  that  her  highness  might  consider  what  dihgence  Anno  1572. 
or  neghgence  was  used  in  the  execution  hereof. 

But  this  order  was  not  to  punish  persons  that  by  the  laws 
ecclesiastical  and  temporal,  for  needful  and  just  considera- 
tions, were  permitted  to  sell,  kill,  or  eat  flesh.  And  for  the 
better  intelligence  of  persons  licensed  it  was  ordered,  that 
every  person  having  licence  should  yearly,  the  first  Sunday 
in  Lent,  notify  the  same  to  the  alderman  of  the  ward,  and  209 
to  the  curate  of  his  parish,  or  to  one  of  them  at  the  least, 
where  he  dwelt,  or  else  the  dispensation  to  be  void.  And 
this  manner  the  queen  commanded  to  be  observed  through- 
out all  places  in  her  realm,  as  nigh  as  might  be,  with  like 
penalty;  and  especially  in  towns  corporate.  From  which 
towns  corporate,  situate  within  an  hundred  and  forty  miles 
from  London,  certificate,  in  form  aforesaid,  was  to  be  made 
in  the  chancery,  at  the  furthest  before  the  second  return  of 
Easter  term,  upon  pain  of  an  lOOZ.  to  be  levied  to  her  ma- 
jesty ""s  use  upon  the  corporation  so  making  default :  and 
from  all  other  corporations  further  distant,  certificates  to  be 
made  before  the  last  day  of  Easter  term. 

She  charged,  by  the  said  proclamation,  all  bishops,  cu- 
rates, and  other  ecclesiastical  persons,  to  exhort  and  per- 
suade the  people  in  their  sermons  to  forbear  this  carnal  li- 
cence, and  boldness  to  break  common  order;  and  to  let 
them  understand  the  great  danger  of  the  wrath  of  Almighty 
God,  that  will  always  light  upon  rebellious  and  obstinate 
people.  And  because  this  proclamation  should  have  con- 
tinuance, she  charged  all  mayors,  sheriffs,  and  other  head 
officers,  that  it  should  be  proclaimed  in  every  place  usual, 
and  yearly  to  be  hereafter  proclaimed,  vipon  such  market- 
days  as  should  next  go  before  the  first  week  of  Lent :  and 
that  at  every  leet,  at  Easter,  inquisition  should  be  made  of 
the  execution  hereof. 

This  year  a  command  from  the  queen  went  forth  for  the  Commis- 
withdrawing  her  commissions  for  concealments  from  all  to  co°"cef°g^ 
whom  she  had  granted  them  :  which  gave  a  great  quieting  lands  a- 

x  3  ^''''^' 


310       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    to  her  subjects,  who  were  excessively  plagued  with  these 
commissioners.     When  monasteries  were  dissolved,  and  the 


Anno  1572.  lands  tliereof,  and  afterwards  colleges,  chantries,  and  fra- 
ternities were  all  given  to  the  crown,  some  demeans  here 
and  there  pertaining  thereunto  were  still  privily  retained 
and  possessed  by  certain  private  persons,  or  corporations,  or 
churches.  This  caused  the  queen,  Avhen  she  understood  it, 
to  grant  commissions  to  some  persons  to  search  after  these 
concealments,  and  to  retrieve  them  to  the  crown.  But  it 
was  a  world  to  consider  what  unjust  oppressions  of  the  peo- 
ple and  the  poor  this  occasioned  by  some  griping  men  that 
were  concerned  therein  :  for  under  the  pretence  of  execut- 
ing commissions  for  inquiry  to  be  made  for  these  lands  con- 
cealed, they,  by  colour  thereof,  and  without  colour  of  com- 
mission, contrary  to  all  right,  and  to  the  queen''s  meaning 
and  intent,  did  intermeddle  and  challenge  lands  of  long 
times  possessed  by  church-wardens,  and  such  like,  upon  the 
charitable  gifts  of  predecessors,  to  the  common  benefit  of  the 
parishes ;  yea,  and  certain  stocks  of  money,  plate,  cattle, 
and  the  like.  They  made  pretence  to  the  bells,  lead,  and 
such  other  like  thmgs,  belonging  to  churches  and  chapels, 
used  for  common  prayer.  Further,  they  attempted  to  make 
titles  to  lands,  possessions,  plate,  and  goods  belonging  to 
hospitals,  and  such  like  places,  used  for  maintenance  of 
poor  people ;  with  many  such  other  unlawful  attempts  and 
extortions,  to  a  pernicious  example,  if  the  same  had  been 
further  used  and  suffered,  by  colour  hereof. 
Piociania-  At  length  the  queen  set  forth  a  proclamation,  Feb.  13, 
*'",''  ^"^      at  Westminster,  to  withstand  this  manner  of  extortion,  and 

calling  in  '  _  ' 

these  com-  unlawful  practices  and  troubles  of  her  subjects:  and  com- 
■  mandcd  therefore,  "  That  all  commissions  which  were  then 
"  extant,  and  not  expired,  for  inquisition  of  any  manner  of 
"  concealments,  should  be,  by  siiperscdea.s  out  of  her  coiu't 
"  of  exchequer,  revoked.  And  because  the  frauds  of  of- 
"  fenders  in  such  cases  did  so  abound,  as  it  might  be,  that 
*'  they  which  had  already  begun,  by  colour  of  commission, 
"  to  use  such  extortion  and  vexation  for  gain,  would  them- 
"  selves  so  conceal  the  revocation  of  their  connnission,  being 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  311 

but  by  process  of  supersedeas,  therefore  her  majesty,  to    CHAP, 
notify  this  her  gracious  disposition  more  pubUcly  to  her 


"  subjects,' and  to  procure  due  punishment  of  the  offenders,  Anno  1572. 

"  with  restitution  of  things  wrongfully  taken,  gave  to  un-  ' 

"  derstand  by  these  presents,  that  all  manner  of  commis- 

"  sions  then  extant,  that  had  passed  from  any  of  her  courts, 

"  to  inquire  of  any  lands,  tenements,  and  hereditaments,  or 

"  of  any  goods  or  chattels,  concealed  or  supposed  to  be 

"  concealed,  before  the  day  hereof,  should  cease,  and  not 

"  continue ;  and  that  no  commissioner  should,  by  virtue  of 

"  any  such  commission,  charge  any  person  to  inquire  fur- 

"  ther  of  the  contents  of  any  such  commission.     And  if 

"  any  person  should  have  cause  to  complain  of  any  other, 

"  for  any  manner  of  extortion  or  misusage  by  colour  of 

"  such  commission,  the  same  might  exhibit  their  complaint 

"  to  the  justices  of  assize  the  next  circuit,  or  to  any  other 

"two   or  three  justices   in    the   shire;   whom    the  queen 

"  charged  to  cause  the  truth  of  the  complaint  to  be  ex- 

"  amined,  and   the   offenders  to  be  severely  and  speedily 

"  punished,  and  to  make  due  and  large  restitution.     Or  if 

"  the  causes  of  the  extortion  should  be  great,  or  that  the 

"  offenders  could  not  be  fovmd  within  the  county,  then  that 

"  certificate  be  made  thereof  by  the  justices  of  assize  or  of 

"  the  peace,  either  to  the  privy  council  or  the  keeper  of  the 

"  great  seal,  to  be  further  tried  and  punished  in  the  Star- 

"  chamber  for  a  further  example. 

"  But  though  her  majesty  meant  to  relieve  her  subjects 
"  from  wrongs  and  vexations  in  this  sort,  yet  she  gave  them 
"  withal  to  understand,  that  she  intended  not  to  forbear, 
"  by  some  better  ordinary  means,  and  by  persons  of  known 
"  honesty  and  wisdom,  to  inquire  of  such  lands  and  other 
"  things  as  duly  and  justly  did  belong  to  her  crown,  and 
"  were  withdrawn  and  concealed.  Wherein  such  care  should 
"  be  had,  as  hereafter  no  commission  should  be  granted, 
"  but  to  such  persons  as  should  be  reputed  of  such  trust 
"  and  honesty,  as  should  by  no  means  give  cause  to  offend 
"  any,  but  such  as  of  mei'e  wrong  would  keep  and  detain 
"  things  belonging  to  the  crown. 

X  4 


312       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        "  And  she  would  have  her  justices  of  assize  to  have  some 
^*        "  special  care,  not  only  to  the  premises  in  that  their  next 


Anno  1572."  sessions,  but  also  to  the  reforming  of  certain   covetous 
"  and  injurious  attempts  of  divers  that  had  of  late  time,  by 
"  other  colour  than  for  her  majesty's  use,  taken  away  the 
"  lead  of  churches  and  chapels,  yea,  and  the  bells  of  the 
"  steeples,  and  other  common  goods  belonging  to  parishes : 
"  an  example  not   to  be  suffered   unpunished   nor  unre- 
"  formed." 
Concealers       Thus  were  these  harpies  and  helluones,  this  turbidum  ho- 
but  laid       mimim  genus,  these  graceless  and  wicked  men,  (they  are 
iv  while.       the  lord  Coke's  expressions  bestowed  on  them,)  thus  were 
211  they  for  a  time  laid  asleep ;  but  they  awake  again  at  times, 
and  plagued  the  nation  throughout  this  queen's  and  the 
The  church  most  of  the  next  king's  reign.     And  the  cathedral  of  Nor- 
in  Iknger  ^'  ^1^*^  ^^^d  Hkc  to  liave  lost  most  of  its  revenues,  under  pre- 
by  them,     tencc  of  Concealment,  towards  the  latter  end  of  queen  EU- 
lustit.  part  zabeth.     A  patent  of  ccmceahnent  was  granted  certain  per- 
^'  sons,  who,  under  obscure  words,  endeavoured  to  swallow  up 

the  greatest  part  of  the  possessions  of  that  ancient  and  fa- 
mous bishopric  :  which,  by  the  industry  and  prosecution  of 
the  then  attorney-general,  was  overthrown.     And  yet,  for 
more  surety  in  a  matter  of  so  great  weight,  a  bill  was  pre- 
ferred in  parliament  for  the  establishing  of  the  bishopric : 
Cap.  Hi.  of  which  passed  as  a  law,  an.  39".  Eliz.  cap.  22.     See  this  case 
Norwidi"^  at  large  in  the  fourth  part  of  Coke's  Institutes. 
An  act  to         There  was  a  statute  in  the  21st  of  king  James  I.  against 
jmt  an  end  x\\c¥,e  concecilers,  and  all  pretences  of  concealments  whatso- 

to  them.  .  ,     ,       ^  ^         7  7         •,/',! 

ever:  it  was  entitled.  An  act  for  the  general  qmet  of  the 
subject  against  all  pretence  of  concealment  rohatsoever. 
Above  an  hundred  lay  hospitals,  by  the  benefit  of  this  act, 
having  had  priests  within  them  in  former  days  to  pray  and 
sing  for  souls,  were  established  against  all  vexations  and 
pretences  of  concealments.  I  add  only  this  more  concerning 
them  :  that  they  began  in  queen  Mary's  days;  she  granted 
letters  patents  of  concealments;  and  the  first  was  to  sir 
George  Howard,  as  the  lord  Coke  writes. 
The  oppres-      To  this  I  add,  that  there  were  now  grievous  oppressions 

sions  by 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  313 

every  where,  and  great  complaints,  by  reason  of  grants  of   CHAP, 
commissions  upon  penal  statutes  of  forfeitures  to  the  crown 


obtained  by  some  greedy  persons.     Thus,  in  this  14th  year  Anno  1572. 
of  the  queen,  (besides  her  commissions  for  concealments  J""'j""f'*'°' 
above  mentioned,)  she  granted  to  two  persons  to  compound  fcitures. 
for  all  forfeitures  upon  nine  statutes:  viz.  I.  The  statute 
against  usury.     II.  The  statute  for  preservation  of  wood. 
III.  That  timber  be  not  felled  to  make  coals.     IV.  For  the 
assize  of  fuel.     V.  For  the  true  making  of  leather.     VI. 
Against  transportation  of  corn,  wood,  and   victual.    VII. 
For  keeping  of  sheep.    VIII.  Against  extortion  of  bribes. 
IX.  Against  procuring  and  committing  wilful  perjury.  And 
the  queen  was  to  be  answered  the  fourth  part  of  the  money 
so  forfeited  and  obtained.     There  was  another  grant,  for 
finding  of  armour,  and  against  unlawful  games.     And  yet 
another,  to  make  search  at  sea  for  prohibited  and  uncus- 
tomed wares.     And,  among  the  rest,  there  was  a  grant  to 
vex  the  clergy,  (which  was  by  commission  to  George  Delves 
and  Lancelot  Bostock,  esquires,)  to  compound  for  offences 
against  the  statute  of  no7i-residence,  and  other  offences  of 
the  clergy,  and  to  take  the  whole  commodity  to  themselves: 
and  a  like  grant  was  made  to  sir  Raulf  Bagnal. 

But  of  all  these  there  went  such  common  complaints,  and  Regulation 
so  much  vexation  of  the  subject  by  means  thereof  all  the  ^j^g'^^yggj^.g 
land  over,  that  the  queen  graciously  revoked  these  grants  command 

.  n    ?  1  -n         "  to  the  lord 

for  the  execution  of  these  penal  statutes.  But  tne  promoters,  treasurer. 
upon  this,  immediately  entered  on  the  prosecutions  of  such 
transgressions  as  were  put  in  suit  before  by  those  to  whom 
the  said  grants  were  passed.  This  created  new  vexations. 
The  queen  therefore,  that  her  gracious  intentions  of  reform- 
ing so  grievous  vexations  of  her  subjects  might  take  place, 
ordered  her  secretary  to  signify  to  the  lord  treasurer,  that  212 
he  should  give  order  for  the  stay  of  process  in  that  behalf. 
And  yet  that  her  laws  should  not  be  loose,  and  void  of  all 
execution,  she  would  have  his  lordship  and  the  rest  of  the 
lords  to  devise  some  convenient  plot  for  the  execution  of  the 
same.  Which  the  said  lord  treasurer  accordingly  did ;  and 
finished  it  in  the  next  year,  viz.  1573. 


314       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        And  the  provision  that  was  made  for  the  preventing  of 
'■    _  tliese  vexations,  and  yet  provichng  for  the  execution  of  the 


Anno  1572.  laws,  (as  the  queen  commanded,)  was  tliis:  devised  by  the 
Articles  for  ^vjgjojn  of  the  said  lord,  as  appears  by  the  hand  used  in 

tliiit  pur-  ^  ^  "^  -11 

pose.  correction  of  a  draught  of  the  same.     It  was  entitled. 

Articles  to  be  observed  by  all  such  persons  as  have  any  grants 
i^Jorfi'iturcs  tipon  penal  laws. 

I.  That  there  shall  be  no  inquiry  by  commission :  to  the 
end  that  the  charges  and  trouble  of  the  country,  and  the 
grudge  and  murmur  that  ariseth  among  the  people,  may  be 
avoided  thereby.  But  to  try  all  their  causes  by  information 
or  action  in  tlie  exchequer  or  king's  bench,  according  to  the 
ordinary  course  of  the  law.    For  so  the  law  doth  appoint. 

II.  That  they  shall  make  no  composition  with  any  of- 
fender, without  the  making  privy  thereto  the  court  wherein 
they  shall  sue,  and  also  the  lord  treasurer,  or  chancellor  of 
the  exchequer :  to  the  intent,  the  portion  due  to  the  queen's 
majesty  may  be  known  to  be  answered. 

III.  That  the  patentees  shall  prefer  all  informations  and 
suits  in  their  own  names,  or  in  the  names  of  such  their  de- 
puties as  the  courts  of  the  king's  bench  or  exchequer  shall 
allow  of. 

IV.  That  they  shall  have  no  process  before  the  informa- 
tion or  action  entered  in  the  king's  bench  or  in  the  ex- 
chequer. 

V.  That  they  shall  make  no  deputies,  to  execute  for  them 
in  the  country,  but  such  as  the  court  of  exchequer  shall 
allow  of. 

VI.  That  the  patentees  shall  be  bound  to  the  queen  by 
recognisance  in  the  exchecpier :  that  if  they  vex,  or  cause 
any  to  be  vexed  wrongfully,  then  to  pay  such  cost  as  the 
court  shall  tax.  And  that  they  shall  likewise  be  bound,  that 
they  shall  make  no  compositions  without  the  privity  of  the 
coiu't  as  aforesaid. 

These  articles  were  very  good  checks  to  these  greedy 
men,  that  laboured  to  enrich  themselves  by  extorting,  on 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  815 

pretence  of  some  statutes,  from  the  poor  commons,  both  of   cHAP, 
the  clergy  and  laity:   being  drawn  and  contrived   by  the     ^^i^- 


wise  head  of  that  great  and  viseful  counsellor,  and  by  the  Anno  1572. 
direction  of  the  gracious  queen  to  him. 

The  Portugal  ambassador,  under  pretence  of  having  mass  Mass- 
said  privately  in  his  family,  by  his  privilege  as  ambassador,  ^ke^at 
had  now  a  good  while  entertained  several  mass-mongers  in  tbe  Portu- 
his  house  in  Tower-street :  which  was  now  discovered,  and  sador's. 
a  warrant  was  sent  forth,  to  attach  those  of  the  queen's  sub- 
jects that  were  present  there  against  her  laws.     The  bishop 
of  London  understanding  that  this  ambassador  had  fostered 
these  persons  long  time  in  his  house,  contrary  to  our  laws,  213 
he  and  the  rest  of  the  commissioners  for  ecclesiastical  mat- 
ters required  the  sheriff  of  London,  Mr.  Pipe,  to  go  and 
apprehend  such  as  he  should  find  there  committing-  idolatry, 
as  the  bishop  of  London  expressed  it  in  his  letter  to  the 
lord  treasurer :  which  warrant  the  said  sheriff  executed  the 
1st  of  March  ;  and  many  he  saw  there  ready  to  zcorship  the 
calf.     He  apprehended  (the  rest  escaping  by  the  ambas- 
sador's means)  four  students  at  the  law,  most  of  them  Irish. 
These  the  bishops  committed  to  the  Fleet,  until  the  lords' 
further  pleasure  were  known.     Francis   Gerald    (for  that 
was  the  Portugal  ambassador's  name)  offered  to  shoot  dags, 
(which  we   call   pistols   nowadays,)  and  to  smite  with  his 
dagger,  and  to  kill,  in  his  rage.     There  was  found  the  altar 
prepared,  the  chalice  of  their  bread-god,  and  a  great  many 
Enghsh  hid  in  the  house,  that  were  minded  to  hear  mass. 
The  bishop  gave  commission  to  Norris  the  messenger  to 
apprehend  the  Portugal  and  the  mass-priest :  but  the  mes- 
senger returned  answer,  that  the  Portugal  was  at  the  court, 
to  complain.     He  cunningly  told  the  tale  first,  and  made 
himself  plaintiff:  so  that  the  queen  was  somewhat  offended 
with  these  proceedings  against  the  ambassador.  Upon  which 
the   bishop,    grieved,   wrote    thus   to    the    lord    treasurer : 
*'  Truly,  my  lord,  such  an  example  is  not  to  be  suffered.  The  bishop 
"  God  will  be  mighty  angry  with  it.    It  is  too  offensive.    If  zeai  there- 
"  her  majesty  should  grant  it,  or  tolerate  it,  she  can  never  "P""- 
"  answer  to  God  for  it.    God's  cause  must  be  carefully  con- 


316       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  sidered  of.     God  willeth   that  his  ministers   purge  the 
^'         "  church  of  idolatry  and  superstition.     To  wink  at  it  is  to 
Anno  1572. "  be  partaker  of  it.     He  told  the  lord  treasurer,  that  he 
"  would  do  well  to  see  that  idolater  and  godless  man  se- 
"  verely  punished.     Or,  if  you  will,  added  he,  set  him  over 
"  to  me,  and  give  me  authority,  I  will  handle  him  secun- 
"  dunn  mrtutesP     In  another  letter  upon  the  same  occasion 
he  said,  "  That  such  idolatry  was  not  to  be  suffered.     That 
"  strangers  were  to  be  borne  with  usque  ad  aras.     But 
*'  princes  might  not  be  pleasured  with  the  displeasing  of  the 
"  Prince  of  princes.     That  such  toleration  would  not  be 
"  suffered  in  Spain.     That  this  ambassador  had  mass  said 
"  in  his  house  for  a  twelvemonth,  and  twenty  at  least  of 
"  her  majesty's  subjects  used  to  resort  thither.     That  the 
"  queen  would  do  well  to  send  home  both  Francis  Gerald 
"  and  Anthony  Guarrez ;   who  did  but  lurk  here  in  the 
"  realm  as  spies  to  practise  mischief:  and  that  they  might 
"  serve  their  god  Baal  at  home." 
The  queen's      The  Summer  of  this  year  the  queen  went  her  progress, 
progress,      beginning  it  in  the  month  of  July.     In  this  progress  she 
went  into  Essex.  Where,  from  Havering  BoAvre,  an  ancient 
seat  of  the  kings  of  England,  (and  where  queen  Maud  used 
to  retire,)  instead  of  going  to  Enfield,  she  lay  at  Theobald's 
(the  lord  treasurer  Burghley's  house)  three  days.  And  then 
went  to  Gorambury,  (beside  St.  Alban's,)  the  lord  keeper 
Bacon's.    Thence  to  Dunstable.    Tlicnce  to  Woburne.    She 
was  also  at  Killingworth,  the  seat  of  the  earl  of  Leicester, 
another  of  her  great  peers :  where  she  was  most  splendidly 
entertained,  in  the  month  of  August.     She  also  took  Read- 
ing in  her  way,  where  she  remained  some  time.     And  at 
Windsor,  September  24,  she  ended  her  progress :  as  secre- 
tary Smith  in  his  correspondence  acquainted  Mr.  Walsing- 
ham  in  France. 
214      AVhile  the  court  was  at  Killingworth,  the  carl  of  North- 
Earl  of        umberland  (who  was  the  chief  head  of  the  rebellion  in  the 
beriand  ex-  north  some  years  past)  was  now  brought  to  York,  to  be  ex- 
ecuted at     gcuted :  and  so  the  carl  wrote  in  a  letter  to  Walsingham, 

York.  .  ,  1       /. 

dated  from  Killingworth,  August  22,  that  the  said  earl  ot 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  317 

Northumberland  suffered  death  that  day.    For  that  the  day    CHAP, 
before  it  was  ordered,  that  he  should  be  brought  thither     ^^"' 


that  day,  under  the  conduct  of  sir Foster,  for  that  Anno  1572. 

purpose.  The  effect  of  this  just  putting  to  death  of  a 
traitor  did  but  increase  the  mahce  of  the  papists ;  as  was 
found  by  the  dihgence  of  the  said  Walsingham,  the  queen's 
ambassador  in  France.  Who  gave  intelhgence  thence  to  the 
court  here,  of  a  certain  popish  spy,  named  Davy  Chambers, 
who  was  lately  returned  out  of  England,  and  had  confer- 
ence both  with  the  French  king  and  the  duke  of  Guise, 
and  had  let  fall  these  words :  how  that  the  death  of  the  earl  Upon  which 

/>    1  t''6  queen 

of  Northumberland  had  mcreased  the  number  of  the  queen  of  Scots' 
of  Scots'  friends;  and  that  she  was  now  grown  to  have  such  ^i^^nds^^" 
a  party  in  England,  as  that  five  or  six  thousand  shot,  with  increase. 
some  good  leaders,  would  make  her  strong  enough  to  en-JJ^*|*'"» '• 
counter  any  forces  her  majesty  could  make.     He  informed 
further,  that  it  was  secretly  whispered  in  corners,  that  there 
was  some  new  practice  in  hand  for  the  said  queen's  deliver- 
ance.    This  intelligence  was  sent  over  in  October. 

The  queen  about  this  time  had  the  small-pox,  as  her  The  queen 
disease  was  commonly  said  to  be.     For  the  true  account 'IJ'p^j^'^J^^f 
whereof  I  will  set  down  a  clause  or  two  of  secretary  Smith's  the  small- 
letter  to  Walsingham,  written  October  13th:  "That  the^"''* 
"  [French]  ambassador  had  audience  of  the  lord  treasurer, 
"  the  earl  of  Leicester,  and  some  others ;  the  queen  at  that 
"  time  not  being  perfectly  recovered  of  that  distemper,  as 
"  the  physicians  said,  although  her  majesty  and  a  great 
"  many  more  would  not  have  it  so.    But  it  made  no  matter 
*'  then,  as  the  secretary  added,  what  it  was :  thanking  God 
"  that  she  was  then  perfectly  whole,  and  no  sign  thereof 
"  left  in  her  face." 

But  to  pacify  her  people,  especially  in  the  north  part,  The  queen 
where  the  Scottish  queen  was  kept  prisoner  by  George  earl  J^JJ^  ^^^^^ 
of  Shrewsbury  at  Sheffield,  she  so  far  condescended  as  to  Shrewsbury 

■    •  1  •      •  n  ^  T  J  of  her  sick- 

write  to  him,  givmg  a  description  of  her  disease,  and  assur-  ^^35  ^nd 
ance  of  her  recovery.     For  the  earl,  hearing  that  her  ma-  recovery. 
jesty  was  taken  ill  with  the  small-pox,  was  in  no  small  con- 
fusion ;  and  (though  it  were  reported  she  was  better)  hastily 


Armor 


318       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    sent  to  the  lord  treasurer,  to  learn  of  him  her  true  state  of 
^-        health  :  who  acquainthig  her  with  the  earl's  letter,  and  she 
Anno  1572.  knowing  what  a  charge  she  had  committed  to  him,  thought 
fit  to  take  this  opportunity  to  oblige  him  further  with  a  let- 
ter from  herself,  (part  whereof  was  of  her  own  hand,)  which 
was  as  followeth : 

Int.  Epist.        "  By  the  queen.     Right  trusty  and   right  well-beloved 
Comit.  Sa-  ii  cousii^  ajij  counsellor,  we  greet  you  well.    By  your  letter 

lop.  in  Ar-  '  o  J  ,      / 

chiv.  Ottic.  "  sent  to  us,  we  perceive  that  you  had  heard  of  some  late 
"  sickness  wherewith  we  were  visited.  Whereof,  as  you  had 
"  cause  to  be  greatly  grieved,  so,  though  you  heard  of  our 
"  amendment,  and  was  thereby  recomforted,  yet,  for  a  satis- 
"  faction  of  your  mind,  you  are  desirous  to  have  the  state  of 
215  "  oi^ir  amendment  certified  by  some  few  words  in  a  letter 
"  from  ourself.  True  it  is,  that  Ave  were,  about  fourteen 
"  days  past,  distempered,  as  commonly  happeneth  in  the 
"  beginning  of  a  fever ;  but  after  two  or  three  days,  Avith- 
"  out  any  great  inward  sickness,  there  began  to  appear  cer- 
"  tain  red  spots  in  some  part  of  our  face,  likely  to  prove 
"  the  small-pox  :  but,  thanked  be  God,  contrary  to  the  ex- 
"  pectation  of  our  physician,  and  all  others  about  us,  the 
"  same  is  vanished  away,  as  within  four  or  five  days  past 
"  no  token  almost  appeared ;  and  at  this  day,  we  thank 
"  God,  we  are  so  free  from  any  token  or  mark  of  any  such 
"  disease,  that  none  can  conjecture  any  such  thing. 

"  So  as  by  this  you  may  perceive  what  was  our  sickness, 
"  and  in  what  good  estate  we  be :  thanking  you,  good  cou- 
"  sin,  for  the  care  which  you  had  of  the  one,  and  of  the 
"  comfort  you  take  of  the  other.  AVherein  we  do  assure 
"  ourself  of  as  much  fidelity,  duty,  and  love  that  you  bear 
"  us,  as  of  any  of  any  degree  within  our  realm.  Given  at 
"  our  castle  of  Windsor,  22d  October,  1572,  in  the  four- 
"  teenth  year  of  our  reign." 

This  following  postscript  is  the  queen's  own  hand  : 

"  My  faithful  Shrewsbury,  let  no  grief  touch  your  heart 
*'  for  fear  of  mv  disease:  for  I  assure  you,  if  my  credit  were 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  319 

"  not  greater  than  my  show,  there  is  no  beholder  would  be-    CHAP. 
"  lieve  that  ever  I  had  been  touched  with  such  a  malady.        XXU, 


"  Your  faithful  loving  friend,       Anno  1572. 
"  Elizabeth." 

Upon  this  letter  let  me  subjoin  the  contentation  and  joy 
administered  unto  the  good  earl :  expressed  by  his  own 
letter,  dated  from  Sheffield,  November  4:  "  That  her  ma- The  earl's 
"  jesty's  late  letters,  which  he  received  with  his,  [the  trea-^^^jg^^ 
"  surer"'s,]  declaring  her  highness''s  good  health,  were  most 
"  comfortable  unto  him :  and  in  respect  of  the  word  written 
"  with  her  own  hand  therein,  far  above  the  rate  used  to  any 
"  subject;  and  that  he  thought  himself  more  happy  thereby 
"  than  any  of  his  ancestors.  And  therefore  that  he  meant, 
"  for  a  perpetual  memory,  to  preserve  the  same  safely,  as  a 
"  perpetual  evidence  of  his  great  comfort  to  his  posterity. 
"  And  then  beseeched  his  lordship  to  yield  most  humble 
"  thanks  unto  her  majesty  in  his  name  therefore :  and  also 
"  for  that  it  pleased  her  highness  to  accept  his  true  and 
"  faithful  service ;  which,  by  God's  grace,  (he  said,)  should 
"  never  be  wanting." 

But  the  next  month,  viz.  November,  the  queen  was  again  The  queen 

under  some  disorder  in  her  health,  by  reason  of  some  faint- !'''^'^c[^'"*' 

.  .  "ig  fitt- 

ing fits:  which  gave  again  a  mighty  disturbance  unto  herLeicest. 

subjects  from  the  news  of  it;  which  now  was  fled  abroad, 
as  though  she  were  very  sick.  Wherefore  the  earl  of  Lei- 
cester, to  satisfy  Walsingham,  the  ambassador  in  France, 
did  write  to  him,  how  this  little  distemper  in  the  queen 
bred  strange  bruits  at  home  of  her  danger,  and  which  he 
might  possibly  have  heard  of  there:  but  that  she  was  at 
present  in  good  health.  That  indeed  she  had  been  troubled 
with  a  spice  or  show  of  the  mother:  but  indeed  not  so; 
and  that  the  fits  she  had  were  not  above  a  quarter  of  an 
hour. 


320  ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  CHAP.  XXIII. 

I. 

The  Great   English   Bible,  called.    The  Bishops'   Bible, 


Anno  1572 


A  printed.  Some  account  of  this  edition  ;  and  other  older 
editions.  Prophesying  set  up  at  Bury  hy  the  bishop. 
The  said  bishop's  admonition  to  a  contentious  clergy- 
man. Stays  admitting  a  clerk  into  a  living:  and  why. 
His  advice  to  his  chancellor,  upon  a  distuj-bance  of  di- 
vine service.  His  trouble  zaith  a  fraudulent  receiver  of 
his  clergy'^s  tenths.     Occasions  a  statute. 

A  new  edi-  Xn  this  year  Parker,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  set  forth  a 
translation  new  edition  (in  large  folio)  of  the  holy  Bible  of  the  Old  and 
seVfort^'^'^  New  Testament  in  English,  new  translated,  and  diligently 
compared,  by  several  bishops  and  other  learned  divines, 
with  the  former  English  translations,  and  the  originals.  In 
the  beginning,  before  the  Book  of  Genesis,  was  the  map  of 
the  land  of  Canaan  ])laced.  On  which  map  were  the  arms 
of  Cecil,  lord  Burghley,  engraven,  in  a  void  place  of  it,  by 
Humfrey  Cole,  engraver,  born  in  the  north,  and  pertaining 
to  the  mint,  1572.  In  another  void  place  is  the  printer's 
arms,  with  this  fancy ;  a  bush  with  a  nightingale  on  one 
branch  of  it,  and  a  label  proceeding  out  of  her  mouth,  with 
these  words  mscnhed.  Jug,  J7ig,  Jug,  jug:  Cecil,  I  suppose, 
being  at  the  cost  of  the  engraving  the  plate  for  this  map. 
There  was  in  this  new  Bible  another  map  of  the  holy  land, 
containing  the  places  mentioned  in  the  four  evangelists, 
Avith  other  places  and  towns  in  Syria  near  adjoining. 
Wherein  may  be  seen  the  ways  and  journeyings  of  Jesus 
and  his  apostles,  going  about  to  preach  the  gospel  in  Judea, 
Samaria,  and  Galilee.  And  this  therefore  was  placed  be- 
fore the  New  Testament.  And  moreover,  a  new  chart  of 
the  peregrination  of  St.  Paul  was  set  before  the  epistle  to 
the  Romans.  There  were  also  some  coats  of  arms  set  in 
other  places  of  the  book  ;  namely,  of  sucli  as  were  chief  be- 
nefactors to  the  work,  and  contributors  of  sums  of  money 
towards  the  printing  or  adorning  of  it.  As,  besides  the 
arms  of  archbishop  Parker  and  archbishop  Cranmer,  pre- 
fixed to  their  two  prefaces,  there  be  the  arms  of  the  carl  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  321 

Leicester  at  the  beginning  of  the  second  part  of  the  Bible,    CHAP, 
viz.  at  Joshua;  and  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley's  before    ^^^"- 
the  third  part   of  it,  beginning   at  the   Book  of  Psalms.  Anno  1572. 
Where  are  also  prints  of  their  persons,  viz.  Leicester  in  ar- 
mour ;  the  other  in  his  gown,  as  a  man  of  peace.    And  at 
the  beginning  of  the  prophecy  of  Jeremiah  stands  the  coat 
of  arms  of  the  earl  of  Bedford. 

There  be  also  many  explanatory  cuts  dispersed  through- Explana- 
out  the  book.  As  also  divers  useful  tables  for  the  better  un-*°7."I*f 

and  tables 

derstanding  of  scripture  history.  As,  I.  At  the  eighteenth  in  this 
chapter  of  Leviticus  are  two  tables,  entitled.  Degrees  q^^  .*' 
kindred  which  let  matrimony ;  and.  Degrees  of  affinity  or 
alliance  which  let  matrimony.  II.  Before  the  book  of  Ezra  217 
is  a  table  for  the  understanding  of  the  histories  of  Ezra, 
Nehemiah,  Esther,  Daniel,  and  of  divers  other  places  of 
scripture,  very  dark,  by  reason  of  the  discord  that  is  among 
historiographers,  and  the  expositors  of  holy  scripture,  touch- 
ing the  successive  order  of  the  kings  or  monarchies  of  Ba- 
bylon and  of  Persia :  of  the  years  that  the  said  monarchies 
lasted,  from  the  transmigration  of  the  Jews  under  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, vnitil  the  monarchy  of  the  Greeks:  and  of 
the  confusion  that  is  in  the  names  of  the  kings  of  Persia. 
III.  Before  the  books  of  the  Macchabees  is  a  third  table,  for 
the  knowledge  of  the  state  of  Judah,  from  the  beginning  of 
the  monarchy  of  the  Greeks,  where  the  former  table  ended, 
until  the  death  and  passion  of  Jesus  Christ.  IV.  There  is 
yet  another  table  placed  before  the  New  Testament,  to 
make  plain  the  difficulty  that  is  found  in  St.  Matthew  and 
St.  Luke,  touching  the  generation  of  Jesus  Christ,  the  Son 
of  David,  and  his  right  successor  in  the  kingdom.  Which 
description  beginneth  at  David,  and  no  higher ;  because  the 
difficulty  is  only  in  his  posterity.  V.  There  is  a  fifth  table 
before  the  epistle  to  the  Romans,  which  shews  the  order  of 
times  from  the  death  of  Christ ;  and  a  synchronism  of  the 
years  of  the  reigns  and  governments  of  the  emperors,  presi- 
dents of  Judea,  and  the  Herodians,  with  Christ  and  St. 
Paul ;  to  his  beheading  at  Rome ;  beguining  with  Tiberius, 
Pilate,  and  Herod. 

VOL.  II,  Y 


322      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Besides  all  this,  in  this  Bible  is  each  chapter  divided  into 
,'erses ;  which,  I  think,  no  English  Bible  had  before,  except- 


V( 


Anno  1572.  j^g  that  of  the  Geneva  translation.  And  also  there  be  many 
references  and  marginal  notes,  to  explain  difficulties,  or  for 
observation  of  matters  remarkable.  For  further  account  of 
this  Bible,  commonly  called,  The  Bisliops'  Bible,  (because 
the  bishops  were  chiefly  concerned  in  the  preparing  of  it,) 

Life  of        the  reader  may  have  recourse  to  the  Life  of  Archbishop 

Archbishop  -p      . 

Parker,       ^  arker. 

p.403.  It  is  to  be  further  observed  in  this  Bible,  that  the  Psalms 

are  printed  in  two  columns;  viz.  in  one  column  the  old 

translation  of  them,  as  they  were  and  are  in  our  liturgy ; 

and  the  new  translation   of  them   in   the   other  column. 

AVhere,  for  preventing  any  displeasure  any  person  might 

take  thereat,  as  somewhat  differing  in  divers  places  from 

the  reading  in   the  Common  Prayer  Book,  this  note  was 

prefixed,  (by  archbishop  Parker,  I  suppose,)  which  follows : 

A  note  con-tt  Now  let  the  Christian  reader  have  this  consideration  with 

new  trans.  "  himself,  that  though  he  findeth  the  Psalms  of  this  latter 

lationof      <4  translation  followino;  not   to  sound   so  agreeably  to  his 

the  Psalms.  ,  ®  . 

"  ears,  in  the  wonted  words  and  phrases,  as  he  is  accus- 
"  tomed  with ;  yet  let  him  not  be  too  much  offended  with 
"  the  work,  which  was  wrought  for  his  own  commodity  and 
*'  comfort.  And  if  he  be  learned,  let  him  correct  the  word 
"  or  sentence  (which  may  dislike  him)  with  the  better.  And 
"  whether  the  note  riseth  either  of  good-will,  or  charity,  or 
"  of  envy  and  contention,  not  purely  ;  yet  his  reprehension, 
*'  if  it  may  turn  to  the  finding  out  of  truth,  shall  not  be  re- 
*'  pelled  with  grief,  but  applauded  to  in  gladness.  That 
"  Christ  may  ever  have  the  praise.  To  whom,  with  the  Fa- 
"  ther,  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  be  all  glory  and  praise  for 
"  ever.""  Amen. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  here  to  enumerate  some  of  the  first 

and  oldest  editions  of  tlie  Holy  Bible  in  our  vulgar  tongue, 

218  which,  by  the  peculiar  blessing  of  God,  wei'e  vouchsafed  to 

An  account  this  land,  besides  the  translation  and  publishing  of  the  New 

editimis  of  Testament,  which  was  done  by  Tyndal  about  the  year  1525. 

the  English  j^  the  vear  1535  the  whole  Bible  was  printed  in  folio,  (and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  323 

that,  I  think,  was  the  first  time  it  was  set  forth  in  English,)  CHAP, 
in  an  old,  and,  as  it  seemed,  outlandish  letter.  In  the  end  ^^^*^V 
it  is  said  to  be  printed  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1535,  and  Anno  1572. 
finished  the  4th  day  of  October.  This  Bible  I  have  seen  in 
Sion  college  library,  London.  It  was  done  by  Miles  Cover- 
dale,  with  his  dedication  thereof  to  king  Henry  VIII.  en- 
titled, Unto  the  most  victorious  prince,  and  our  most  gra- 
cious sovereign  lord,  Tcing  Henry  VIII.  king  of  England 
and  of  France,  and,  under  Christ,  the  chief  and  supreme 
head  of  the  church  of  England.  Therein  he  set  forth  the 
encroachments  of  the  pope  upon  princes,  and  Christian 
realms,  and  especially  upon  this  his  majesty's  realm ;  "  By 
*'  getting  money  by  his  pardons,  and  by  benefices  and  bi- 
"  shoprics,  by  deceiving  the  people's  souls  by  devilish  doc- 
"  trines,  and  sects  of  his  false  religion,  and  by  shedding  the 
"  blood  of  many  of  the  king's  people,  for  books  of  the  scrip- 
"  ture.  And  since  his  imperial  majesty  was  the  chief  head 
"  of  the  church  of  England,  and  the  true  defender  and 
"  maintainer  of  God's  laws,  he  thought  it  his  duty,  and  be- 
*'  longing  to  his  allegiance,  to  dedicate  this  translation  unto 
"  his  highness."  But  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  Appendix,  N'.XXII. 
if  he  be  desirous  to  peruse  that  epistle ;  wherein  some 
things  may  be  found  acceptable  to  such  as  are  studious  of 
the  history  of  those  times,  and  of  matters  passed  in  those 
times. 

What  helps  Coverdale  had  in  this  his  labour,  especially  The  helps 
for  the  supply  of  his  want  of  skill  in  the  original  languages,  1,^0  tifis 
it  must  be  known,  that  living  in  Germany,  and  conversing !»« transia- 
with  the  Lutheran  divines,  (many  whereof  were  good  Hebri- 
cians,) he  had  the  opportunity  of  perusing  several  Dutch 
translations.    This  may  be  better  understood  by  what  he 
wrote  himself  in  his  prologue  to  this  edition.   Which  began 
after  this  manner : 

"  Considering  how  excellent  knowledge  and  learning  an  His  pro- 
"  interpreter  of  scripture  ought  to  have  in  the  tongues,  and  °^"^' 
"  pondering  also  his  own  insufficiency  therein,  and  how  weak 
"  he  was  to  perform  the  office  of  a  translator,  he  was  the 
"  more  loath  to  meddle  with  this  work.    Notwithstanding, 

Y  2 


324       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I. 

Anno  1572. 


219 


Another 
English 
Bible, 
printed 
anno  1537. 


Another 
printed 
anno  1540. 


*'  when  he  considered  how  great  pity  it  was,  that  we  should 
"  want  it  so  long,  &c.  That  for  to  help  him  herein,  he  had 
"  sundry  translations,  not  only  in  Latin,  but  also  of  the  Dutch 
''  interpreters.  Whom,  because  of  their  singular  gifts,  and 
"  special  diligence  in  the  Bible,  he  had  been  the  more  glad 
"  to  follow  for  the  most  part,  according  as  he  was  required. 
"  But  to  say  the  truth  before  God,  he  added,  that  it  was 
"  neither  his  labour  nor  desire  to  have  this  work  put  into 
"  his  hand.  Nevertheless  it  grieved  him,  he  said,  that  other 
"  nations  should  be  more  plenteously  provided  for  with  the 
"  scripture  in  their  mother  tongue  than  we.  Therefore, 
"  when  he  was  instantly  required,  though  he  could  not  do 
*'  so  well  as  he  would,  he  thought  it  yet  his  duty  to  do  his 
"  best,  and  that  with  a  good-will,  &c.  And  that,  according 
"  as  he  was  desired,  he  took  the  more  upon  him,  to  set 
"  forth  this  special  translation,  not  as  a  checker,  not  as  a  re- 
"  prover,  or  despiser  of  other  men's  translations ;  (for  that 
"  among  many,  as  yet  he  had  found  none  without  occasion 
"  of  great  thanksgiving  unto  God ;)  but  lowly  and  faith- 
"  fully  he  had  followed  his  interpreters ;  and  that  under 
"  correction."" 

This  book  hath  in  divers  places  little  pictures,  explana- 
tory of  the  history  ;  as  of  the  creation,  the  deluge,  &c. 
There  be  no  marginal  notes,  nor  any  contents  before  the 
chapters ;  as  there  were  in  some  after-editions,  which  gave 
offence  to  some  of  the  churchmen. 

Another  English  Bible  in  folio,  with  marginal  notes,  was 
printed  anno  1537,  with  an  epistle  dedicatory  also  to  king 
Henry  VIII.  subscribed  TJiomas  Matthew.  At  the  bot- 
tom of  the  title-page  it  is  said  to  be  set  forth  zcith  the 
king's  most  gracious  licence.  This  is  truly  TyndaPs  Bible, 
as  may  be  concluded  by  the  two  flourished  text  letters 
W.  T.  standing  at  the  end  of  the  prophecy  of  IVIalachi. 

Another  large  Bible  in  EngUsh  came  forth  anno  1540, 
the  marginal  notes  being  all  struck  out,  as  having  given 
offence.  It  was  printed  by  Whitchurch ;  and  had  a  large 
prologue  before  it,  made  by  archbishop  Cranmer.  And  was 
said  in   the  title-page   to  be  printed  Jbr   the  use  of  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  325 

churches.    In  the  said  page  are  sculptures  of  king  Henry    CHAP. 
VIII.,  archbishop  Cranmer,  and  the  lord  Crumwel.    And 


this  edition  is  said  to  be  overseen  at  the  king's  command- Anno  1572. 
ment  by  Cutbert,  bishop  of  Durham,  and  Nicolas,  bishop 
of  Rochester.    Concerning  these  two  last  editions  of  the  Life  of 
Bible,  see  what  is  more  at  large  related  in  the  Life  of  Arch-  cranmer, 
bishop  Cranmer.  J^-^ 

Again,  another  edition  of  the  Enghsh  Bible  came  forth  Another 
the  next  year,  viz.  1541.    And  so  it  is  said  in  the  title,  The  edition, 
whole  Bible,  ^c.  finished  \5^\.    These  two  last  Bibles  also 
I  have  seen  in  Sion  college  library. 

The  English  Bible  was  again  printed  anno  1549-  Which  Another 
was  TyndaPs  Bible;  and  the  very  same  with  that  which  1549°°' 
was  printed  1537,  and  was  called  Matthew's  Bible.    There 
might  have  been  other  editions  between  these  two  last;^  but 
I  have  not  seen  them. 

Now  I  shall  proceed  to  take  notice  of  some  particular  Exercise  of 
occurrences  in  the  church.     Towards  the  latter  end  of  thcing  set  up 
year,  the  exercise  of  prophesying  was  set  up  at  Bury  St.  Ed-  ^j^^"*"^* 
munds,  in   Suffolk,  as  was  used   in  some  other  places  ofjoh.  episc. 
this  and  other  dioceses,  to  the  profit  and  edification,  in  the^^'^"* 
knowledge  of  the  scripture,  both  of  the  clergy  and  laity. 
For  the  exercise  was,  that  certain  ministers  within  a  conve- 
nient compass  in  the  diocese,  assembled  in  a  parish  church 
(commonly  in    some   market   town)   together ;  and  there, 
one  after  another,  gave  their  judgments  briefly  of  the  sense 
and  import  of  some  place  or  places  of  scripture,  propounded 
before  to  be  discussed,  either  by  the  bishop  or  the  arch- 
deacon's order,  or  some  other  of  the  gravest  sort :  and  then 
lastly,  it  was  determined  by  a  moderator.    By  which  means, 
the  ministers  were  obhged  to   study,  to  prepare  for  the 
better  acquitting  themselves  in  these  exercises:  and  their 
knowledge  in  scripture  increased  ;  and  the  people  also  pre- 
sent were  edified,  by  hearing  of  a  sermon  then  preached. 
But  however,  these  prophesyings  (as  they  were  called  from 
1  Corinth,  xiv.)  were  in  danger  of  degenerating  into  con- 220 
troversies  and  contentious  disputings.   And  the  pui'itans  took 
their  advantage  of  it  by  broaching  their  doctrines.    Which 

y3 


326       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    was  the  cause  that  not  long  after,  the  queen  absolutely  re- 
^'        quired  the  bishops  to  put  them  down. 
Anno  1572.      But  the  occasion  of  setting  up  this  practice  at  Bury  was, 
The  bishop  ^i^jjj.  ggypral  of  the  sober  and  well  learned  people  in  that 

appoints  it  1        1  •   1  />        1  •      1- 

by  his  let-    neighbourhood  sued  to  the  bishop  for  his  licence  and  ap- 
*^"'  pointment;  that  they  might  enjoy  the  benefit  thereof,  as 

well  as  other  places  in  his  diocese  did.  The  bishop  here- 
upon, judging  it  profitable  for  the  advancement  of  godly 
knowledge,  sent  his  letters  to  three  of  the  gravest  ministers 
in  Bury,  to  take  care  of  settling  this  exercise,  as  to  the 
time,  place,  and  persons ;  and  rules  for  performance  of  it  in 
the  more  orderly  manner;  and  that  the  respective  clergy 
should  obey  their  orders  herein.  Yet  warning,  that  nothing 
be  done  contrary  to  the  orders  and  laws  of  the  realm  ;  but 
all  to  the  furtherance  of  both  laity  and  clergy  in  good 
Christian  knowledge.  For  the  fuller  understanding  of  this 
exercise,  now  to  be  settled  in  this  town,  and  the  bishop  of 
Norwich  his  direction  therein,  I  have  put  his  letter  in  the 
N".  XXIII.  Appendix. 

The  bishops  in  these  times  were  careful  in  their  great 
charge,  and  watchful  of  the  manners  and  behaviour  of  their 
clergy,  if  we  may  charitably  conjecture  at  the  diligence  of 
The  dealing  the  rest  by  one  of  them.    It  may  deserve  mentioning,  what 
shop' of '     ^  sharp,  and  withal  grave   admonition  the  bishop  above- 
Norwich      named  gave  to  one  minister  of  his  diocese,  that  was  of  a 

with  two  of  .  ,.  .   .  1    Ti         •  />    1  •  •        • 

his  clergy,  contcutious  disposition ;  and  likewise  oi  Ins  conscientious 
boldness  of  staying  the  admission  of  another  into  a  benefice, 
being  unqualified ;  though  he  endangered  thereby  the  dis- 
pleasure of  a  great  nobleman  and  privy  counsellor,  viz.  the 
earl  of  Sussex.  Both  which  happened  within  a  few  days 
one  of  another.  For  the  knowledfje  and  undcrstandino;  of 
both  these  passages,  there  needs  nothing  but  the  rehearsing 
of  the  said  bishop''s  letters. 

To  Nesse  (the  name  of  the  contentious  clergyman)  thus 
he  wrote : 

"  Mr.  Nesse, 
His  admo.       "  I  am  ashamed  to  understand  of  your  troublesome  and 
one  that      "  disordered  behaviour,  not   only  at   home,  among   your 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  327 

"  neighbours,  but  abroad  also,  and  that  before  the  justices    CHAP. 
*'  and  worshipful  of  the  shire.    Which  being  come  to  my 


*'  knowledge,  it  standeth  me  in  hand  to  see  reformation.  Anno  1572. 

"  And    therefore,   by  these   my  letters,  I   do   advise  and  tJo^g"""*""" 

"  straitly  charge  you,  that  all  former  quarrels  and  matters  MSS.  D. 

"  in  controversy  may  be  stayed  and  forgotten ;  and  that  ep.  Eiien. 

"  you  do  forthwith  seek  in  charitable  manner  to  reconcile 

**  yourself  towards  your  neighbours :   who  for  their  parts 

*'  promise  the  like ;  bearing  no  manner  of  displeasure  to- 

"  wards  your  person,  but  to  your  manners,  which  are  out  of 

"  order.    And  if  you  shall  reply,  that  you  be  not  in  fault,  I 

"  answer  you,  it  may  be  untrue  that  one  or  a  few  shall  re- 

"  port ;  but  to  be  accused  generally,  and  of  all  that  have  to 

"  do  with  you,  this  cannot  proceed  without  your  great  de- 

"  serving. 

"  If  this  my  friendly  motion  shall  not  persuade  you  to  221 
*'  conformity,  I  have  appointed  process  to  call  you  before 
"  my  chancellor,  where  your  cause  shall  be  heard,  and  re- 
"  formed  accordingly.  But  if  these  ways  shall  not  help,  I 
*'  assure  you  I  will  use  more  sharp  means,  intending  not  to 
*'  leave  you,  until  I  have  either  reformed  or  removed  you. 
"  Putting  you  also  in  remembrance,  how  slanderous  you 
"  are,  in  frequenting  a  suspected  house,  and  refusing  law- 
*'  ful  matrimony.  Herein  also  I  wish  you  forthwith  to  avoid 
*'  the  occasion,  for  fear  of  further  inconvenience.  And  so  I 
*'  leave  you  to  God.  At  Ludham,  this  25th  of  February, 
"  1572. 

"  Your  friend  in  well  doing, 

"  John  Norwic." 

Of  the  matter  the  bishop  had  with  the  other  clergyman, 
this  was  the  purport. 

The  earl  of  Sussex  had  presented  one  Mr.  Hilton,  his  He  refuseth 
chaplain,  to  the  living  of  Disse,  in  his  diocese,  a  good  bene- j,,gj.jj  f^rin. 
fice,  above  the  value  of  30Z.  in  the  king"'s  books ;  and  had  sufficiency. 
sent  to  the  bishop  to  admit  him  thereunto.    But  he  wanting 
certain  qualifications,  the  bishop  refused,  and  gave  his  rea- 
sons for  so  doing  in  the  following  letter  to  the  said  earl : 

Y  4 


328      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    telling;  him,  "  That  since  he  so  well  allowed  of  the  man,  he 

1 
'        "  could  be  contented  to  admit  him  to  the  benefice :  but  that 


Anno  1572."  there  was  a  let  that  stayed  his  admission  hitherto;  which 
"  was  a  branch  of  a  statute  made  in  the  last  parliament,  viz. 
' "  that  no  person,  not  being  a  bachelor  in  divinity,  nor  suf- 
"  ficiently  licensed  by  some  bishop,  or  one  of  the  universi- 
"  ties,  should  take  any  benefice  with  cure,  being  above  the 
"  value  of  SOI.  as  this  was.  Herein  he  wished  to  be  satisfied 
"  by  such  as  were  learned  in  the  laws.  Till  which  time  he 
"  had  persuaded  Mr.  Hilton  to  stay  his  admission.  Adding, 
"  that  if  he  [the  bishop]  should  not  be  able  by  authority 
"  of  the  statute  to  admit  him,  nor  he  [the  said  clerk]  be 
"  able  to  receive  the  same ;  then  he  assured  himself,  his 
"  lionour  would  not  impute  the  cause  to  him,  but  to  his 
"  own  insufficiency.  And  that,  as  for  his  own  part,  as  it 
"  should  not  become  him  to  attempt  any  thing  contrary  to  a 
"  statute  law,  so  would  he  be  most  willing  to  satisfy  his  ho- 
"  nour  herein,  or  any  way  else,  as  knew  the  Almighty ;  to 
"  whom  most  humbly  he  commended  his  honour.  Dated 
«  at  Ludham,  the  4th  of  IVIarch,  1572." 

This  clerk,  the  good  bishop,  as  is  likely,  saw  to  be  igno- 
rant, and  of  small  learning  and  abilities :  and  so,  to  bear 
him  out  to  the  earl,  in  refusing  him,  took  the  opportunity 
of  the  late  prudent  act,  that  none  but  learned  and  able  men 
should  possess  livings  of  such  considerable  value,  and  to  en- 
courage the  clergy  to  take  degrees,  and  study,  and  become 
preachers. 

The  bi-  Disorders  committed  in  a  church  in  Norwich,  (and  so 

shop's  or-  1         1       1  •  1  1  -1       T    •  •  1 

(luis  about    even  under  the  bishop  s  eye,)  while  divine  service  was  read- 
a  disturb-    j,-,g.^  caused  him  again  to  exercise  his  episcopal  authority.  It 
prayer  time  happened  in  February  this  year,  in  the  parish  church  of  St. 
in  Norwki'i.  ^imou,  (xi  parish  noted  for  their  disorders,)  at  evening  prayer, 
222  after  the  minister  had  begun,  and  proceeded  to  the  midst 
of  the  service,  reading  the  Psalms  distinctly  to  the  people ; 
three  or  four  lewd  boys,  set  on  by  some  lewder  persons, 
(whether  they  were  papists,  or  protestants  disaffected  to  the 
liturgy,)  came  into  the  church,  and  as  the  said  minister  be- 
gan to  read,  J/t/  soul  doth  magn'ifi)  the  Lord,  &c.  they 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  329 

brast  out  into  singing  of  psalms  suddenly  and  vinlooked    CHAP, 
for ;  and  being  commanded  by  the  minister  to  cease,  they 


continued  singing,  and  he  reading;  so  as  all  was  out  of  or-^'^"**  1572. 
der,  and  the  godly,  well-disposed  auditors  there  disquieted, 
and  much  grieved.  Of  this  the  bishop  having  notice,  sent 
word  to  his  chancellor  to  take  cognizance  of  this  great 
abuse.  Of  which  nevertheless  he  had  no  great  marvel,  be- 
cause (as  he  wrote)  he  could  never  understand  of  any  good 
order  or  conformity  in  that  parish ;  and  as  persons  that 
had  vowed  themselves  contrary  to  God  and  good  ordi- 
nances, so  it  fared  with  the  most  part  of  that  parish.  He 
also  informed  his  chancellor,  of  one  of  them,  (who  were  the 
great  setters  on  of  these  boys,)  and  his  character,  namely, 
one  Thomas  Lynn;  "  whose  contumelious  and  disobe- 
"  dient  dealings,  especially  in  matters  of  religion  and  the 
"  church,  was,  as  he  admonished,  most  necessary  to  be 
"  looked  on ;  as  one  that  dared  to  attempt  whatsoever  he 
"  Ksted. 

"  It  ought  to  trouble  us  both,  added  that  reverend  fa- 
"  ther,  that  knowing  and  being  informed  often  of  the  mis- 
"  orders  of  that  parish,  there  hath  nothing  been  done  to  this 
"  day ;  whereby  their  lewd  liberty  had  not  been  restrained, 
"  but  enlarged.'''  And  requiring  him  earnestly  to  call  the 
church-wardens  and  the  parson  before  him,  and  whom  else 
of  the  parish  he  should  think  meet;  and  understanding  the 
course  of  these  disorderly  dealings,  he  should  appoint  such 
punishment  as  the  fault  deserved.  The  bishop  required  his 
chancellor  to  regulate  another  as  great  a  fault  in  this  same 
parish  also :  which  was,  that  where  all  the  churches  in 
Norwich  did  forbear  to  toll  a  bell  to  evening  prayer,  till 
the  sermon  was  done  ;  in  this  parish  the  bells  jangled  when 
the  preacher  was  in  the  pulpit.  And  they  were  piping  (as 
the  bishop  expressed  it)  when  they  ought  to  be  at  the 
•  preaching. 

"  And  herein,  and  in  such  like,  (as  the  good  bishop  pro- 
"  ceeded  in  his  letter,)  if  we  shall  continue  slow  and  negli- 
"  gent  in  reforming,  the  blemish  and  discredit  will  light 
"  upon  us  both  at  the  length,  and  that  more  heavily  than 


830       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  will  be  well  borne."    [Meaning,  that  such  irregular  and 
scandalous   practices   in   divine  worship,   and    contrary  to 


Anno  1572.  ti^e  decency  required  in  the  time  when  it  was  celebrated, 
must  needs  come  at  last  to  the  ears  of  the  queen  and  coun- 
cil, to  answer  it.]  And  so  slack,  it  seems,  was  the  exercise 
of  discipline  in  this  civilian,  to  whom  the  bishop  had  com- 
mitted this  office,  that  he  subjoined  and  informed  him, 
that  the  godly  sort  of  the  parish  had  determined  to  seek 
reformation  at  the  high  commissioners'  hands:  and  that 
forthwith ;  being  weary,  as  they  said,  of  complaining,  and 
finding  no  redress.  And  that  for  his  own  part,  he  washed 
his  hands  of  it,  and  laid  the  fault  in  him,  if  any  were;  to 
whom  he  had  referred  these  and  such  causes  in  his  absence, 
as  he  knew.  But  to  stay  the  complaints  above,  which  was 
presently  intended,  he  straitly  required  him  to  examine  the 
misorder,  and  to  punish  it  severely ;  using  this  reason  to 
223  enforce  it,  "  That  it  touched  the  credit  of  them  both  in  the 
"  sight  of  the  world.  Our  place  and  calling  bindeth  us,  and 
"  God  looketh  for  it  at  our  hands.  And  so  I  commit  you 
"  to  the  Almighty,  this  3d  of  February,  1572. 

"  Your  assured  in  God, 

"  Joh.  Norwic." 

A  great  I  have  one  thing  more  to  relate  of  this  pious  bishop :  for 

the^exche."  ^  ^^^^  ^^  revive  the  memory  and  actions  of  these  our  first 
quer  falls     protestant  bishops  and  confessors.    He  had  the  misfortune 
upon^his     to  intrust  one  with  the  collection  of  the  tenths  of  his  dio- 
bishop;       ^ese.    Who  took  the   sums   that  he  had  received  of  the 
clergy,  and  converted  them  to  his  own  use,  instead  of  pay- 
ing them  into  the  exchequer.     So  that  at  length  a  heavy  debt 
fell  upon  the  poor  bishop,  for  two  or  three  years'"  arrears  of 
the  tenths,  that  almost  brake  his  back,  and  drove  him  to 
great  necessity.    For  the  revenues  of  his  bishopric  were 
obliged  to  make  good  this  debt  to  the  queen.    Which  was 
the  reason  he  was  fain  to  absent  from  Norwich,  and  live 
more  privately  at  Ludham,  a  country  seat  belonging  to  the 
see.  Whence  some  letters  above  rehearsed  were  written. 
This  receiver  of  the  bishop''s  was  one  George  Thymel- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  331 

thorp:    who   being   behindhand   in   his   payments   of  the   CHAP. 
clergy's  tenths,  for  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  year  of  the '__ 


queen,  a  summons  came  down"  from  the  exchequer  to  the  Anno  1572. 
bishop,  to  pay  them.  Whereupon  the  bishop  sent  to  ^"s  !^^  "^*^^"*  "^^ 
clergy  to  produce  and  send  to  him  their  acquittances  given  his  receiv- 
them  for  their  said  payments  by  Thymelthorp ;  which  the  ygred!*^ 
bishop  accordingly  sent  up,  that  the  said  receiver  might  be 
charged  with  those  sums,  and  that  it  might  be  seen  how 
he  had  cheated  the  bishop.  He  had  made  use  of  this  money 
to  buy  land.  And  these  lands,  and  other  his  goods,  he  had 
fraudulently  made  over  by  deeds  unto  his  brother,  one 
Rugg,  (a  clergyman,  as  it  seems,)  and  others ;  and  himself 
absconded.  The  bishop,  in  this  case,  made  his  condition 
known  unto  the  queen  by  petition,  which  he  desired  his  old 
learned  friend  Dr.  Wylson,  master  of  the  requests,  to  for- 
ward and  countenance.  It  so  far  succeeded,  that  a  commis- 
sion was  sent  down  to  the  high  sheriff  of  the  county,  to 
make  inquisition  of  what  goods  and  estate  Thymelthorp  had, 
in  order  to  seize  them  for  the  queen''s  use.  Besides  this, 
there  was  a  letter  sent  before,  to  the  high  sheriif,  from  the 
lord  treasurer  Burghley,  to  search  for  this  man;  but  he 
could  not  be  found.  But  he  found  in  his  house  to  the  value 
of  21 8Z.  15^.  4!d.;  his  goods,  and  all  his  plate  and  jewels,  and 
things  of  most  value,  being  conveyed  away  before.  He 
found  also  his  will;  whereby  it  might  evidently  appear, 
that  his  former  deeds  of  gift,  and  his  feoffment  made  to 
Rugg  his  brother,  and  others,  were  altogether  forged  and 
deceitful ;  to  the  defrauding  of  the  queen's  majesty  of  her 
due  debt,  and  the  utter  undoing  of  the  bishop.  The  she- 
riff was  threatened  by  Rugg  for  exceeding  his  commis- 
sion ;  offering  him  100  marks,  or  1001.  in  plate,  to  leave 
the  will  behind  him.  Which,  when  the  sheriff  refused,  he 
threatened  him  vehemently.  Wherefore  the  bishop  prayed 
the  lord  treasurer,  that  the  sheriff  might  be  further  au-224 
thorized  with  such  assistance,  and  a  sufficient  warrant  for 
bringing  away  the  said  will. 

The  lord  treasurer  soon  after,  sir  Walter  Mildmay,  chan- 
cellor of  the  exchequer,  the  lord  chief  baron,  the  queen's 


332       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    solicitor,  and  others  of  the  exchequer,  granted  out  a  com- 
^'        mission  accordingly  from  the  queen;  which  somewhat  fa- 


Anno  1572.  voured  the  bishop  against  his  said  receiver.  Whereupon  by 
A  commis-  inquisition  it  was  found,  as  above,  that  Thymelthorp  had 
high  she-     made  all  his  deeds  of  gift  fraudulently.    This  gave  some  re- 
•^'^  ^"."^ition  viving  to  the  afflicted  bishop ;  making  this  pious  reflection 
against       in  a  letter  to  a  friend  of  his:   "  Thus  doth  God  deliver  his 
"  seely  poor  souls  (which  meant  hurt  to  nobody)  from  the 
"  falsehood  and  subtil  cozening  of  devihsh  men,  or  rather 
"  monsters  of  men.""     Adding,  "  You  would  not  think  into 
"  what  rejoicing  and  gladness  all  the  country  (as  I  might 
"  so   say)  is  resolved ;  excepting   a  few   Thimelthorpians. 
"  The  Lord  be  praised  for  ever  and  ever."    This  he  wrote 
from  Ludham  in  January. 
Fraudulent       He  informed  also  sir  Walter  Mildmay,  a  little  after,  that 
ances  found  by  authority  of  the  last  commission  of  inquiry,  sent  from 
by  inquisi-  ^]^g  exchcqucr,  it  was  found  by  inquest  of  office,  that  the 
deeds  of  gift,  and  conveyances,  made  by  that  deceitful  per- 
son, were  fraudulently  made.    And   thereupon  the  sheriff" 
had  extended  his  lands,  and  such  goods  as  were  found,  and 
put  into  inventory ;  desiring  sir  Walter,  and  the  rest  of  the 
officers  of  the  exchequer,  to  take  order  for  the  sale  of  those 
lands  and  goods,  or  otherwise,  that  they  might  be  conveyed 
to  her  majesty's  best  avail ;  to  the  answering  his  debt,  and 
to  the  discharge  of  [the  bishop's]   poor  living,  which  was 
charged    therewith,   after  400/.  a  year,  i.  e.  lOOZ.  payable 
each  term,  and  out  of  which  he  had  paid  400/.  and  was  still 
liable  for  more.    And  so  pressed  vvith  it,  that  he  was  behind- 
hand to  the  exchequer,  for  the  debt  that  was  stalled,  and 
could  not  perform  his  own  offer  in  payment.    So  that  God- 
frey, of  that  court,  had  sharp  words,  because  he  had  not, 
for  forfeit  of  payment  of  100/.  in  arrears,  caused  the  bi- 
shop's lands  to  be  seized  and  sequestered,  out  of  respect  and 
concern  for  the  bishop.    And  so  he  wrote  to  him  in  Fe- 
bruary. 
Thimei-  Thimelthorp  was  now  in  prison ;  and  Avas  sued  by  the 

Hi's' sJbmis- bishop,  to  repay  all  that  he  had  paid  into  the  exchequer. 

sion  to  the  ^nd  now  I  find  him  lunnbly  addressing  himself  to  the  bi- 
bishop. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  333 

shop;  acknowledging  his  fault  by  letter,  and  offering  all    CHAP, 
satisfaction;  using  these  words,  Venio  tanquam  prodigies    ^^"^- 


JH'ms.     The  good  bishop  gave  a  kind  answer  to  him  after  Anno  1572. 
so  much   suffering  and  extremity  brought  upon  him  by  Jj^'J. J^'.'^^ 
means  of  the  unjust  dealings  of  the  other.    "  That  all  the  letter  to 
"  world  might  see  through  his  failings  to  pay  the  prince,  he  ""'* 
"  [the  bishop]  had  been  and  was  burdened  more  than  he 
"  could  bear.    And   therefore,  if  by  all  lawful  means  he 
"  sought  to  ease  himself,  neither  he  nor  his  friends  could 
"  justly  blame  his  dealings.    That  he  must  pronounce,  that 
"  if  his  meaning  were  advisedly  to  draw  him  into  the  mire, 
"  after  such  courtesy  that  he   [the  bishop]  had  friendly 
"  shewed  him,  and  constantly  continued,  and  by  so  doing 
"  caused  him  to  sustain  great  loss  of  substance,  and  brought 
"  also  his  credit  into  question;  assuredly,  said  he,  all  per- 
"  sons  might  perceive  and  deem,  that  he  had  given  him 
"  [the  bishop]   no  cause  to   think  his  friendship  well  be- 225 
"  stowed.    However,  the  bishop  made  him  this  offer,  That 
"  if  he  would  pay  him  what  he  had  disbursed  for  that  debt 
"  of  his,  and  would  satisfy  the  prince  for   the    payment 
"  yearly  at  every  term  appointed,  and  laid  upon  him,  he 
"  [the  bishop]  would  leave  all  further  proceedings  against 
"  him,  and  shew  him  all  friendly  courtesy  as  he  might  per- 
"  form,  or  Thimelthorp  desire." 

Then  at  length  he  urged  to  him,  "  the  great  necessities 
"  he  was  driven  to  by  his  means.  That  he  was  forced  to 
"  live  in  miserable  sort,  neither  able  to  maintain  a  family  fit 
"  for  his  place,  neither  to  build  nor  repair  his  houses,  nor 
"  bestow  his  liberality  where  he  would,  neither  to  keep  hos- 
"  pitality,  or  relieve  the  poor,  according  to  his  will,  and  as 
"  was  convenient."  Yet  humanely  and  christianly  conclud- 
ing, "  Your  loving  friend,  hitherto  unfriendly  handled,  and 
"  yet  your  assured  friend  for  ever,  if  you  forthwith  perform 
"  that  both  duty  and  conscience  bindeth  you  to."  This 
dated  from  Ludham,  March  the  21st. 

The  aforesaid  matter  was  the  occasion  of  that  statute.  This  deceit 

,■,.■,  t  •  \  ^  •         M}   o        occasions 

made  this  13  Eliz.  cap.  4.  (which  the  bishop  himselt  tirst  a  statute 
moved  in  parliament :  and  the  bill  thereof  was  by  the  una-  "If^^f^^^'g^t 


334      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  nimous  consent  of  bishops,  peers,  and  commons,  approved 
^'  and  passed ;  as  he  wrote  to  his  friend  Gualter.  By  which, 
Anno  1572.  he  said,  he  hoped  in  a  short  time  to  have  his  losses  made 
good ;)  viz.  to  make  the  lands,  tenements,  goods,  and  chat- 
tels, of  tellers,  i-eceivers,  &c.  liable  to  the  payments  of  their 
debts ;  and,  against  fraudulent  deeds,  gifts,  grants,  aliena- 
tions, conveyances,  bonds,  suits,  judgments,  as  well  of 
lands  and  tenements,  as  of  goods  and  chattels;  that  are 
said  in  that  statute  to  be  more  commonly  used  and  prac- 
tised in  those  days,  than  had  been  seen  or  heard  of  hereto- 
fore. Which  feoffments,  gifts,  grants,  &c.  were  devised  and 
contrived  of  malice,  fraud,  covin,  &c.  to  the  end  to  delay, 
hinder,  or  defraud  creditors,  and  others,  of  their  just  and 
lawful  actions,  suits,  debts,  accounts,  &c.  the  parties  to 
such  feigned  and  fraudulent  feoffments,  &c.  to  incur  the 
penalty  of  one  year's  value  of  the  said  lands  and  tene- 
ments, &c.  and  the  whole  value  of  the  goods  and  chattels: 
the  one  moiety  to  the  queen,  and  the  other  to  the  party 
grieved  by  such  feigned  and  fraudulent  feoffments,  &c. 
And  also  being  lawfully  convicted,  to  suffer  imprisonment 
for  one  half  year  without  bail  or  mainprise. 
And  an-  For  to  meet  with  under-receivers,  (such  as  Thimelthorp 

bhhop*r' un.  ^^^^j)  intrusted  by  the  bishops,  there  was  another  statute 
der-receiv-  made,  for  the  more  effectual  avoiding  and  redress  of  great 
tenths  and  deceits  done  to  the  queen'*s  highness,  and  to  the  prelates  and 
subsidies,     clergy  of  the  realm,  by  under-collectors  of  the  tenths  and 
subsidies  of  the  clergy  appointed  by  and  under  the  arch- 
bishops and  bishops.     The  tenor  of  it  was,  That  the  statute 
made   in  the  thirteenth  year  of  the  queen,  to  make  the 
lands,    tenements,  goods,  and   chattels,   of  tellers,  receiv- 
ers, &c.  to  be  liable  to  the  payments  of  their  debts,  should, 
to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  amply  and  largely  extend, 
and  be  construed  to  extend,  to  all  such  under-collectors  of 
tenths  and  subsidies  of  the  clergy :  for  satisfying  of  such 
money  as  they  had  collected,  or  should  collect,  of  the  said 
226  tenths  and  subsidies,  to  the  use  of  the  queen's  majesty. 
And  that  every  sudi  luider-collector  should,  upon  process 
to  be  awarded  out  of  the  court  of  exchequer,  be  chargeable 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  335 

to  caccount  for  the  receipt  of  such  tenths  and  subsidies.    CHAP. 
And  every  archbishop  and  bishop,  and  dean  and  chapter,       ^ 


sede  vacante,  to  whose  charge  the  collection  of  such  tenths  Anno  1572. 
or  subsidies  did  appertain,  should  be  discharged  of  so  much 
of  the  same  of  the  said  tenths  and  subsidies,  as  should  be 
satisfied  to  the  queen,  her  heir  or  heirs,  of  or  by  the  lands, 
tenements,  or  hereditaments,  goods,  &c.  of  such  under-col- 
lectors.  By  virtue  of  this  act  the  lord  treasurer  (who  was 
the  great  instrument  thereof)  sent  his  letters,  in  October,  to 
the  high  sheriff  of  Norfolk,  &c.  as  we  related  before. 

And  this  seems  to  have  been  partly  effected  by  the  means  The  bishop 
of  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  to  whom  the  bishop  ad-  "^"  ^J^^^^, 
dressed  in  a  letter,  dated  April  2,  1573,  to  use  his  interest  shop^about 
with  the  lord  treasurer  for  forbearance ;  acquainting  him,  ness. 
that  Thimelthorp  had  promised  an  agreement  with  him ; 
but  he  could  not  persuade  himself  to  beheve  him,  such  had 
been  his  former  dealings.  And  that  all  that  while  he  re- 
mained in  miserable  state,  paying  400Z.  by  the  year  for 
his  debt.  And  that  it  was  supposed  by  some  that  were 
learned,  that  the  last  statute  against  the  deceit  of  collectors 
was  not  sufficient  for  the  sale  of  this  deceiver's  lands.  So 
that  he  told  the  archbishop  he  was  like  to  be  smally  relieved 
thereby.  That  he  had  therefore  been  an  humble  suitor  to 
the  lord  treasurer,  that  those  great  payments  of  his  might 
be  spared  till  the  next  parliament ;  where,  by  farther  autho- 
rity, the  said  statute  might  be  enlarged,  and  he  [the  bishop] 
holpen.  For  truly  (said  he)  I  am  not  able  to  continue  these 
great  payments.  And  prayed  his  grace,  when  he  saw  time 
convenient,  to  use  some  favourable  words  to  the  lord  trea- 
surer, that  he  might  the  rather  be  spared  for  a  time,  in 
hope  of  further  relief. 

The  bishop's  Christian  disposition  towards  this  ingrate-  other 
ful  man  may  further  appear  by  other  his  deceitful  actions,  y|'^^^,P"jjj_ 
having  played  other  tricks  with  him.    He  had  forged  a  shop  by  this 
writing  as  it  were  from  the  bishop ;  wherein  he  gave  the 
reversion  of  the  archdeaconry  of  Norwich  to  him.    And  he, 
upon  this  writing,  presented  his  brother  William  Rugg  to 
it.    The  bishop,  (having  indeed  the  presentation  in  him- 


336      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1572. 


Thimel- 
thorp,  a 
prisoner, 
begs  the 
bishop's 
pardon. 


227 


Gualter 
and  Zuin- 
glius  the 
younger 
come  to  bi 
shop  Park- 
hurst. 

Dec.  6. 


self,)  when  it  fell,  had  presented  Mr.  Roberts,  a  dear  friend 
of  his,  to  the  same.  And  this  occasioned  a  suit  between 
Rugg  and  Roberts.  Further,  he  had  forged  a  patent  for 
the  receivership  of  Nor^nch.  And  doubting  lest  it  should 
come  to  light,  threw  it  into  the  fire,  and  burnt  it.  He  had 
a  man,  to  whom  he  gave  5/.  a  year,  named  Ibbots,  that 
graved  seals,  and  such  like  things,  very  cunningly,  (as  the 
bishop  himself  wi-it  in  a  letter  to  his  friend,)  who  might 
serve  his  turn  in  such  cases. 

This  man  I  find  remaining  a  prisoner  the  latter  end  of 
the  next  year,  and  the  queen's  and  bishop"'s  debt  not  yet 
paid ;  when  he  obtained  leave  of  the  council  (the  bishop  be- 
ing willing  also)  to  go  for  a  while  into  Norfolk.  Where  he 
was  twice  at  Ludham  with  his  lordship  :  and  there,  holding 
up  his  hands,  and  faUing  on  his  knees,  beseeched  him  that 
he  would  pardon  him  the  injury.  To  whom  the  bishop 
christianly  answered,  that  he  would  pardon  the  injury  done 
him ;  but  the  payment  of  money  due  to  him  and  the  queen 
he  could  not  pardon.  The  conclusion  was,  that  he  pro- 
mised he  would  do  all:  and  so  returned  to  his  prison;  and 
the  poor  bishop  left  in  as  bad  a  condition  as  before. 

Rodolphus  Gualter  and  Rodolphus  Zuinglius,  the  sons 
of  those  learned  Helvetians  of  the  same  names,  came  over 
into.  England  this  year  to  travel,  and  to  see  and  study  at 
our  universities;  and  were  recommended  by  Gualter,  the 
father,  to  the  said  bishop  Parkhurst.  With  him  they  were 
in  the  beginning  of  December  at  Ludham.  Where,  among 
the  rest  of  the  entertainment,  he  treated  them  with  oysters : 
which  the  young  men  wondered  to  see  him  eat.  But  how- 
ever young  Gualter  ventured  at  last  upon  them  :  for  so  the 
bishop  merrily  wrote  to  his  father.  But  as  for  Zuinglius, 
(as  the  bishop  went  on,)  he  dared  not  cum  vivis  animakii- 
lis  congredi.  Yet  the  day  after,  evaginato  giadio,  vir  se 
prcBstitit :  i.  e.  he  drew  his  sword,  and  shewed  himself  a 
man.  From  the  bishop  they  took  their  journey  to  London 
with  their  letters,  and  waited  upon  bishop  Sandys  there  : 
who  received  them  very  obligingly,  for  their  relations'  and 
country's  sake :  and  assigned  each  of  them  51.  against  their 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  337 

going  to  Cambridge.    They  returned  again  to  Ludham  the    CHAP, 
same  month.     And  in  January  following,  the  bishop  sent. 


them,  and  two  more,  their  fellow-travellers,  with  a  servant  ^""o  ^^72. 
of  his,  to  that  university,  the  plague  being  then  at  Oxford. 
The  bishop  intended  wholly  to  find  Gualter  with  main- 
tenance, while  he  remained  in  England  :  and  so  he  told 
him.  But  when  Gualter  s  father  had  promised  in  a  letter 
to  repay  him  whatsoever  sums  the  young  man  should  take 
up  of  him,  and  to  reimburse  him  for  his  expenses,  as  he  was 
resolved  to  take  that  opportunity  of  shewing  his  gratitude 
to  Gualter,  by  bearing  all  his  son's  charges ;  so  in  no  small 
trouble  and  concern  at  it,  he  thus  affectionately  expressed 
his  mind  to  the  said  learned  man. 

Iniquo  ammo  fero  inJmmaniter  ahs  tc  dictwn:  nee  dum 
ingratam  hane  molestiam  bene  eoneoquerc  qiieo.  Egoii'  ahs 
tc  vel  hallerum  aceiperem?  Nondum  tihi  Tiguri  satis- 
Jhctum  putas?  An  ovinem  humanitatem  mc  exlvisse  putas? 
Omi  Gnalterc,  ne  quicquam  talc  in  posterum  ahs  te  audiam. 
Nidl'is  tuis  impensis  vivet  in  Anglia :  nidli  tibi  erit  oneri. 
Ego  enim  hine  alam ;  et  lil)eraliter  quidem.  Curabiticr  ut 
meusjilins,  ex  me  gcnitus,  &c.  "  Wiiat  you  so  unkindly  said, 
"  I  take  not  well.  Nor  can  I  yet  well  digest  this  imkind 
"  trouble  you  have  given  me.  Should  I  receive  even  a  farthing 
"  from  you  ?  Do  you  think  that  I  have  satisfied  you,  when 
"  I  lived  at  Zuric  with  you  ?  Do  you  think  that  I  have  put 
"  off  all  humanity  ?  O  my  dear  Gualter,  let  me  hear  no 
"  such  thing  of  you  hereafter.  Your  son  shall  not  live  in 
"  England  at  your  charge :  he  shall  be  no  burden  to  you 
"  here.  I  will  maintain  him  here,  and  liberally  too.  He 
"  shall  be  taken  care  for,  as  my  own  son.  This  I  promised 
"  you  often  by  letters,  and,  God  willing,  1  will  certainly 
"  perform  it." 

The  bishop,  now  ready  to  send  young  Gualter  to  Oxford  228 
the  next  summer,  out  of  his  care  for  him,  wrote  in  J*^"^  ^,0'^,.3'c^re 
both  to  Dr.  Humfrey,  head  of  Magdalen  college,  and  Dr.  of  Gualter 
Cole,  concerning  his  coming  thither :  and  prayed  the  former 
to  provide  him  a  convenient  chamber  in  his  college;  and 
that  he  misht  be  in  fellows  commons,  and  that  he  would 

VOL.  IT.  Z 


338       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  see  all  his  expenses  discharged  from  time  to  time.  And  to 
^'  Quaker  himself,  being  upon  his  departure  to  Oxford,  he 
Anno  1572.  wrote,  "  When  you  come  to  Oxford,  you  shall  be  provided 
"  with  all  things.  If  any  thing  be  wanting  at  any  time,  I 
"  have  written  now  once  again  to  Dr.  Umphrey  and  iSIr. 
"  Cole,  to  provide  the  same  for  you.  And  at  one  of  their 
"  hands  you  shall  receive  what  you  have  need  of:  and  I 
"  will  see  the  same  discharged."  Concluding  with  his  coun- 
sel ;  "  If  you  apply  yourself  to  your  studies,  and  do  well, 
"  you  shall  want  nothing,  but  shall  find  me,  not  a  friend 
"  only,  but  another  father  unto  you.  God  keep  you,  and 
"  gi^'6  yo"^!  ^^Js  grace  to  do  that  becometh  you,  to  his  glory, 
"  and  all  your  friends'*  comfort." 


CHAP.  XXIV. 

Walsingham,  the  queen's  ambassador  in  France,  impover- 
ished in  his  embassy,  comes  home.  Dr.  Wylson  sets  forth 
a  learned  book  against  usury.  Bishop  JexceVs  letter  in 
commendation  thereof.  Epigrams  formerly  made  by  bi- 
shop Parlihiirst,  printed.  Divers  historical  matters,  both 
of  himself  and  others,  gathered  from  them. 

Waising-      W  ALSINGHAM,  the  queen's  ambassador  in   France, 
\y\ll-  r'"      after  he  had  done  her  majesty  the  best  service  he  could,  in 
Fniiice,  so-  this  Critical  and  dangerous  year,  by  his  intelligences  and 
come  home,  spics,  (which,  for  thc  public  good  of  religion  and  the  state, 
cost  him  great  sums  of  money,  to  the  impoverishing  of  him- 
self,) did  earnestly  solicit  all  his  great  friends,  to  obtain  of 
the  queen  the  calling  of  him  home.     Thus  pleading  to  one 
of  his  chief  friends  at  court,  (viz.  sir  Thomas  Smith,)  "  That 
"  if  the  cause  of  his  stay  there  grew  only  in  respect  of  her 
"  majestv^s  service,  (as  he  was  told  by  some  letters  hence,) 
"  though  he  had,  he  said,  as  much  cause  to  desire  his  re- 
"  turn,  as  any  other  that  was  employed  in  the  like  service, 
"  yet  he  could  with  more  patience  digest  thc  same,  as  one 
"  that  thought  both  his  travail,  substance,  and  life,  as  well 
"  employed  in  her  service,  as  any  other  subject  she  had. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  339 

"  TFor  indeed  both  liis  substance  and  life  were  in  great  de-  CHAP. 

•  XXIV 

"  cay  and  danger.]   But  lie  hoped,  when  her  majesty  should. 


"  see  his  stay  there  not  needful,  she  would  tender  his  case, -^""0  ''572. 
"  and  yield  to  his  revocation." 

I  shall  only  insert  this  note  concerning  the  necessitous 
condition  of  Walsingham,  in  this  his  public  service,  that  the 
earl  of  Lincoln,  being  sent  from  the  queen  to  Paris,  upon 
his  own  experience  of  the  intolerable  charges  there,  through  229 
the  daily  increase  of  dearth,  promised  Walsingham  that  he 
would  confer  with  the  lord   Burghley,  to  consult  with  her 
majesty  for  the  increase  of   his  diet.      For  otherwise   he 
should  not  be  able  to  hold  out  his  monthly  charges,  now  His  great 
200Z.  a  month  :  notwithstanding  his  diet  was  thin;  his  fa-^^l.^^^^^ 
mily  reduced  to  as  small  a  proportion  as  might  be ;  and  his  living. 
horse  being  twelve  only. 

But  the  queen  could  not  be  drawn  to  comply  with  Wal-Kept  there 
singhani's  earnest  request ;  knowing  how  fit  and  able  a  per-  with'stand- 
son  he  was  to  serve  her  with  that  prince.     Insomuch,  that'"=  ^'^  ''"■ 

„,,,,.  ,.   .  serahle  con- 

at  last,  for  necessity,  and  want  01  health,  his  condition  wasdition. 
miserable.  He  remained  in  France  all  the  winter,  even  to 
February,  when  he  wrote  again,  that  he  hoped  his  stay 
should  not  have  been  so  long  protracted,  and  that  his  miser- 
able case  (as  he  called  it)  should  have  been  otherwise 
weighed,  especially  since  his  stay  there  could  breed  but  an 
hinderance  to  himself,  and  no  benefit  to  her  majesty.  For 
that  the  court  then  removed  from  Paris ;  and  he  should  be 
driven  to  remain  there,  and  not  to  follow  the  same,  for  lack 
of  ability,  having  neither  furniture,  money,  nor  credit.  But 
notwithstanding,  his  return  was  put  ofi^'  still.  For  in  the  mss. 
next  month,  viz.  March,  I  find  sir  Walter  IVIildmay  solicit- ^"'■^''''""• 
ing  the  lord  treasurer  to  take  a  seasonable  opportunity  that 
offered  itself  then,  to  help  his  brother  Walsingham  home : 
adding,  that  without  his  only  help,  he  feared  it  would  be 
put  off  again,  with  such  delay  as  would  be,  he  said,  in- 
tolerable to  him  :  praying  his  lordship  to  bear  with  his 
friend  that  thus  jjressed  him  :  and  that  the  reasons  were  so 
well  known  to  them,  that  they  could  do  no  less.  And  that 
he  would  hereby  bind  Mr.  Walsingham  for  ever  to  him. 

z  2 


34^       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        At  last,  viz.  in  the  month  of  April,  he  came  home,  and 
Dr.  Valentine  Dale  went  ambassador  in  his  room.     But  he 


Anno  1572.  was  run  so  far  behindhand  in  his  estate  by  this  embassy, 

horn"  ^^  ^^^^^'  tl^'^^^^g'^^  '^^  lived  divers  years  after,  and  once  more 
was  sent  ambassador  into  France  afterwards,  yet  died  in 
debt.     He  was  recompensed  after  his  return  home,   and 

Made  secre- made  principal  secretary  of  state,  with  sir  Tho.  Smith,  in 

.11  y    s .    .^j^^  month  of  January  after. 

Dr.  Wyison      This  year  Dr.  Wylson,  master  of  St.  Katharine's  by  the 

sets  forth  J  J  ^  j 

a  book        Tower,  and  master  of  the  requests,  (afterwards  secretary  of 
against        state,)  oue  of  the  most  learned  men  of  his  time,  set  forth  a 

usury.  '         ,  _  ' 

Dedicated    book  against  usury  :  entitled,  A  discourse  upon  usury  :  hy 
to  tiie  earl  ^^^  j^^^  ^f  dialofnie  and  oration,  for  the  better  varietit, 

of  Leicester.  .:7    ./  te  >^  o" 

and  more  delight  of  all  that  shall  read  this  treatise :  hy 
Tho.  Wylson^  doctor  of' the  civil  lazvs,  ajid  one  of  the  masters 
of  her  majesty's  honourable  court  of  requests.  He  dedicated 
it  to  the  earl  of  Leicester,  the  great  affected  patron  of  learn- 
ing and  learned  men ;  wherein  he  is  styled,  the  high  and 
mighty  earl.  The  occasion  of  his  writing  this  tract  was 
this,  that  usury,  in  the  excesses  of  it,  was  now  so  common 
in  the  kingdom,  that  it  arose  to  extreme  extortion  and  op- 
pression. For  thus  he  writes  in  one  place  of  his  book : 
"  That  ugly,  detestable,  and  hurtful  sin  of  usury,  which 
"  being  but  one  in  grossness  of  name,  carrieth  many  a  mis- 
"  chief  linked  unto  it :  the  same  sin  being  now  so  rank 
"  throughout  all  England,  and  in  London  especially,  that 
"  men  have  altogether  forgotten  free  lending,  and  have 
230  "  given  themselves  wholly  to  live  by  foul  gaining :  making 
"  the  loan  of  money  a  kind  of  merchandise :  a  thing  directly 
"  against  all  laws,  against  nature,  and  against  God.  And 
"  what  should  this  mean,  that  instead  of  charitable  dealing 
"  and  the  use  of  almose,  (for  lending  is  a  spice  thereof,) 
"  hardness  of  heart  hath  now  gotten  place,  and  great  gain 
"  is  chiefly  followed,  and  horrible  extortion  is  commonly 
"  used." 

And  again :  "  I  am  sorry  to  say  it,  and  know  it  over 
"  well ;  and  therefore  I  must  needs  say  it ;  I  do  not  know 
"  any  place  in  Christendom  so  much  subject  to  this  foul 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  341 

"  sin  of  usury,  as  the  whole  realm  of  Endand  is  at  this    CHAP. 

XXIV 
"  present,  and  hath  been  of  late  years." 


The  book  is  the  more  to  be  esteemed,  in  that  the  copy  Anno  1572. 
was  read  over  and  approved  by  Jewel,  bishop  of  Salisbury,  J^'^^JP 
in  the  year  1569;  who  wrote  and  prepared  a  letter  to  thejudgment 
author  in  commendation  thereof.     The  letter  was  found  in  ^  fetter' to 
that  bishop's  study  certain  months  after  his  death,  and  sent  the  author. 

•  />      1  1  1         1  /.Int.  MSS. 

by  John  Garbrand,  M.  A.  m  Oxford,  and  prebendary  otjuein. 
Salisbury ;  to  whom  the  bishop  gave  all  his  papers,  writings, 
and  notes  of  all  his  travails  in  God's  vineyard,  and  other 
devices  of  learning.    Which  letter  Dr.  Wylson  thought  fit 
to  set  before  his  book,  and  was  as  followeth : 

"  I  have  perused  your  learned  and  godly  travayl  touch- 
"  ing  the  matter  of  usury,  Mr.  Dr.  Wylson,  and  have  no 
"  doubt,  but  if  it  may  please  you  to  make  it  common,  very 
"  much  good  may  grow  of  it.  Such  variety  of  matter,  such 
"  weyght  of  reasons,  such  examples  of  antiquity,  such  au- 
"  thoritie  of  doctors,  both  Greeks  and  Latines ;  such  allega- 
"  tion  of  lawes,  not  onely  civil  and  canon,  but  also  provin- 
"  cial  and  temporal ;  such  variety  of  cases,  so  learnedly  and 
"  so  clearly  answered  ;  such  learning  and  eloquence,  and  so 
"  evident  witness  of  God's  holy  wy],  can  never  possibly 
"  passe  in  vayne.  I  wil  not  flatter  you  :  I  cannot :  it  be- 
"  cometh  me  not.  I  assure  you,  I  like  al  notably  wel ;  si- 
"  quid  inei  estjudicii;  and  if  my  liking  be  worth  the  liking. 

"  But  of  al  other  things,  this  liketh  me  best.  Of  the 
"  three  parties,  you  make  eche  one  to  speak  naturally,  like 
"  hymself,  as  if  you  had  been  in  eche  of  them,  or  they  in 
"  you.  What  it  shal  work  in  other  I  cannot  tel :  for  mine 
"  own  part,  if  I  were  an  usurer,  never  so  gredily  bent  to 
"  spoyle  and  ravine,  tit  suntjwneratores;  yet  would  I  think 
"  myself  most  unhappy,  if  such  persuasions  could  not  move 
"  me.  But  what  man  would  not  be  afraid,  to  lyve  despe- 
"  rately  in  that  state  of  life  that  he  seeth  manifestly  con- 
"  demned  by  heathens,  by  the  old  fathers,  by  the  auncient 
"  councelles,  by  emperours,  by  bishops,  by  decrees,  by  ca- 
"  nons,  by  al  sects  of  al  regyons,  and  of  al  religions,  by  the 
"  gospel  of  Christ,  bv  the  mouth  of  God?  Ago  breviter,  ut 

1  3 


342       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  viJes.    Non  enim  id  mild  sumo,  ut  damncm  large  tarn 
^'        "  horrendum  pcccatum.    Id  tlbi  reUnqiio. 

'^""^  '^^^-  "  Ut  vivat  liber,  usura  pereatr 

"  From  Salisbury,  this  20th  of  August,  1569." 

The  book  is  written  dialogue-wise,  (the  manner  of  writ- 
ing in   those  times,)  between   a  rich  worldly  merchant,  a 
23 1  godly  and  zealous  preacher,  and  two  lawyers,  the  one  tem- 
poral, the  other  civil :    who  are  all   brought   in,  speaking 
naturally  their  sentiments  upon  this  argument  of  the  loan  of 
money  for  gain,  which  is  his  description  of  usury;  some  for, 
and  some  against  it.    And  this  was  that  which  the  bishop  in 
his  letter  declared  he  had  such  a  liking  for. 
Some  wise        Dr.  Wylson  was  a  very  eloquent  man  ;  and  excellent  for 
oTdT  Wyi-  ^'^^  yvajjw-ai  (i.  e.  sentences  of  great  importance  and  practical 
son.  Avisdom)   his  book   abounded  with  :    and   a  taste  of  them 

may  deserve  here  to  have  a  place.  As,  "  The  Devil,  whom 
"  that  ancient  father  of  famous  memory,  Hugh  Latimer, 
"  called,  the  most  vigilant  bishop  i?i  his  vocation.''' 

"  If  there  be  not  as  quick  weeding  hooks,  and  as  sharp 
"  iron  forks,  ready  at  hand  to  cleanse  soil  from  time  to 
"  time,  as  the  weeds  are  and  will  be  ready  to  spring  and 
"  grow  up,  in  the  end  all  will  be  weeds  :  and  Antichrist 
"  himself  will  be  lord  of  the  harvest." 

"  Wariness  in  all  things  is  evermore  wisdom  ;  and  of  ad- 
"  vised  dealings  come  perfection.  Things  foreseen,  do  al- 
"  ways  the  less  harm." 

"  I  do  wish,  that  man  were  as  apt  to  do  right,  as  he  is 
"  ready  to  speak  of  right :  and  to  be  altogether  as  he  would 
*'  seem  to  be." 

"  Sweet  is  that  sacrifice  to  God,  when  the  lives  of  lewd 
"  men  are  offered  up  to  suffer  pains  of  death  for  wicked 
"  doings." 

"  As  good  pick  straws,  as  make  laws  that  want  a  ma- 

"  gistrate  to  see  them  well  obeyed. The  law  itself  is  a 

"  dumb  mao-istrato  to  all  men  :   whereas  ma(]^istrates  are  a 

"  speaking  law  to  all  jx'ople. As  one  may  be  a  good 

"  magistrate  to  the  peoj)le,  and  yet  no  good  man  to  him- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  343 

"  self;  so  may  one  be  a  good  man  to  himself,  and  prove    CHAP. 
"  no  good  magistrate  to  the  people."  XXIV. 

"  Diogenes  said  well,  Where  neither  laws  have  force,  nor  Anno  1572, 
"  water  hath  course,  there  should  no  man  willingly  seek  to 
"  dwell." 

"  Plainness  of  speech,  and  freedom  of  tongue,  in  de- 
"  ciphering  sin,  and  advancing  virtue,  are  not  the  best 
"  ways  to  thrive  by." 

I  will  take  my  leave  of  this  book,  after  I  shall  have  men- An  usurer 
tioned  a  pimishment,  which  the  author  shews  out  of  the^^f"**!*? 
civil  and  canon  laws,  appointed  for  usurers  convict :  viz.  burial, 
that  when  they  are  dead,  they  shall  not  have  Christian  bu- 
rial. And  that  if  any  minister  do  receive  any  known  or 
convicted  usurer  to  the  communion,  the  same  priest  or 
minister  shall  be  straightway  suspended  from  celebrating  in 
the  church.  And  that  whoso  burieth  an  usurer  so  convict- 
ed shall  immediately  be  excommunicated.  This  Dr.  Wyl- 
son  fitted  with  a  story  he  had  read.  A  rich  usurer  being 
notorious,  and  therefore  often  warned  to  amend  ;  and  yet 
amending  never  the  more,  departed  this  world ;  when  and 
where  he  could  not  tell,  (for  the  book  from  whence  he  had 
it  went  not  so  far  for  time  and  place.)  But  after  the  man 
was  dead,  his  kinsman  that  succeeded  him,  (as  rich  men 
want  none,)  desired  to  have  him  buried  in  his  parish  church, 
before  the  high  altar.  The  j^arson  being  a  zealous  godly 
man,  would  not  bury  him  at  all,  no,  not  in  the  churchyard ; 
much  less  in  the  church,  or  at  the  high  altar.  His  kinsman 
hereupon  being  greatly  dismayed,  offered  largely  to  have  this  232 
favour.  But  all  would  not  serve.  At  length  understanding 
that  the  parson  had  an  ass,  which  brought  his  books  daily 
from  his  parsonage  to  the  church,  being  a  pretty  distance 
asunder,  they  politicly  desired  to  obtain  this  favour  for 
him ;  that  as  his  ass  did  daily  carry  his  service-books  to  the 
church,  so  it  would  please  him,  that  for  this  time  the  ass 
might  take  pains  to  carry  this  dead  ass  in  a  coffin,  with  this 
condition,  that  wheresoever  the  ass  stayed,  there  the  body 
should  be  buried  :  persuading  themselves,  that  as  the  ass, 
by  an  ordinary  course,  used  to  go  every  day  from  the  par- 

z  4 


344       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  sonagc  to  the  church,  witli  a  burden  of  books  upon  his 
back,  so  of  course  he  would  take  the  same  way  with  this 
Anno  1572.  dead  man"'s  corpse,  being  cliested,  even  straight  to  the 
church.  The  priest,  upon  their  importune  suit,  was  content 
that  his  ass  should  deal  in  this  matter  for  the  usurer,  and  be 
his  dumb  judge.  Who,  when  he  had  the  chested  body  upon 
his  back,  feeling  the  weight  heavier  than  was  wont  to  be, 
(as  usurers  want  no  weight,  being  overladen  with  sin,)  or 
else  by  some  secret  motion  of  God,  I  think,  as  Balaam*'s  ass 
was  inspired ;  so  this  foresaid  beast,  being  laden  and  over- 
laden, as  it  should  seem,  did  fling  and  take  on  innnediatcly, 
as  though  wildfire  had  been  in  his  tail :  and  leaving  the  or- 
dinary course  to  the  church,  took  tlie  straight  way  out  of 
the  town ;  and  never  left  flinging  and  running,  till  he  came 
to  a  pair  of  gallows  at  the  town''s  end :  and  there  wallowing 
himself  vmder  the  gallows  with  the  corpse  upon  his  back, 
did  never  leave  tumbling  and  tossing  himself  upon  the  bare 
ground,  till  he  was  clean  disburdened  of  so  miserable  a  car- 
rion :  a  fit  altar  undoubtedly  for  usurers  to  be  sacrificed 
upon  alive,  or  buried  under  when  they  are  dead  ;  and  a 
most  worthy  tabernacle,  or  shrine,  miraculously  assigned  for 
all  such  lewd  saints  to  be  shrouded  in,  either  dead  or  alive. 
The  facetiousness  of  this  story  makes  me  insert  it. 
Bishop  To  this  book  I  add  another,  for  the  eminency  of  the  au- 

eni'-rams  ^  tbor,  sct  fortli  also  this  year,  by  the  same  Dr.  Wylson ;  be- 
priiited.  iug  the  elegant  Latin  epigrams  of  bishop  Parkhurst,  written 
in  his  yovinger  days ;  (famous  for  his  human  as  well  as  di- 
vine learning;)  the  copy  thereof  being  sent  by  the  author  as 
a  new  year's  gift  to  the  said  Wylson,  his  dear  friend  and 
old  acquaintance.  Which  he  called  the  bishop's  good,  g'odlf/, 
and  pleasant  epigrams :  and  was  minded,  with  the  bishop's 
consent,  to  put  them  to  the  press,  as  fit  to  be  preserved  to 
posterity,  and  worthy  j)ublic  view. 
His  epi-  These  epigrams  (in  imitation  of  Martial)  are  to  be  esteem- 

toricai'  "  "  ^^'  ^^^^  '^^  mucli  because  they  were  pieces  of  handsome  wit 
and  fancy,  as  chiefly  because  they  are  historical.  Wherein 
Parkhurst  doth  both  give  us  an  account  of  many  remark- 
able passages  of  the  former  part  of  his  life,  his  education, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  345 

his  learning,  his  acquaintance,  and  his  exile  and  sufferings,    CHAP, 
for  adhering  to  the  true  religion  ;  but  also  lets  us  into  much    ^^^^' 


of  the  knowledge  of  the  latter  times  of  king  Henry  VIII.  Anno  1572. 
as  also  of  divers  things  in  the  reigns  of  king  Edward  VI. 
and  queen  Mary,  especially  relating  to  religion,  and  of  per- 
sons of  both  sexes,  eminent  in  both  reigns,  either  for  their 
rank  and  dignity,  their  religion  or  learning,  with  their  cha- 
racters. 

Concerning  himself  we  learn  divers  things  by  some  of  his  233 
verses ;  as  that  he  was  born  at  Guilford  in  Surry,  by  his 
epigram  to  Dr.  H.  Polsted,  a  physician  of  Guilford,  conter- 
raneum  suum.  That  he  was  educated  first  under  the  fa- 
mous grammarian,  Mr.  Robertson,  and  after,  at  the  school 
of  Magdalen  college,  in  those  verses,  ad  Gymnasium  Mag- 
dalenense : 

O  prcBclara  domus,  musarum  Candida  sedes,  Sfc. 
Me  quoque  nutrieras  oUm,  cuvi  parvulus  essem, 
Nunc  Jactus  juvenis^  sum  mcmor  usque  tui. 
That  he  was  in  his  younger  days  but  of  mean  circum- 
stances,  as   appeared   by  his   relation   of    certain   of    his 
dreams : 

Somnia  me  Croesum  fecerunt  scepe  supeirbum^ 

Fit  gazis  visus  sum  superare  Midam. 
Somno  experrectus  mox  sum  mendicior  Iro. 
Irics  ita  usque Jiii,  desii  at  esse  Midas. 
And  that  his  profession  of  the  gospel,  and  abhorrence  of 
popery,  was  the  obstacle  to  his  hopes  of  wealth  from  one 
Crisp,  his  father-in-law ;  whom,  in  his  verses  to  Jewel,  he 
denotes  to  be  rich  : 

Possidet  ille  gazas,  ego  paupertatc  laboro. 
And  when  Jewel  had  asked  him  the  cause  he  was  no 
kinder  to  him,  he  answered, 

Impia  non  possum  dogmata  Jerre  pap  en. 
That  he  was  not  wanting  to  himself  in  his  diligence  of 
seeking  preferment :  but  had  no  success.    This  he  expressed 
to  one  Estwic,  his  friend,  upon  occasion  of  his  inquiring  of 
him  what  he  was  doing : 

Quid  Jaciam^  queer  is?  Venor.    Quid?  Venor  honor es. 
Atjrust7'a  :  invitis  venor  adhuc  canihus. 


346      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Yet  afterwards  his  Jmnt'mg  was  more  successful.    For  he 
'•        became  chaplain  to  persons  of  the  highest  dignity.    As,  to 


Anno  1572.  Charles  Brandon,  duke  of  Suffolk.  On  whom  he  made  a 
funeral  epitaph,  styling  him  there,  dom.  suns  clemcnt'issi- 
mus.  He  was  domestic  also  to  the  most  excellently  ac- 
complished woman,  for  birth  and  virtue,  the  lady  Katha- 
rine, his  duchess.  (To  whom  likewise  he  wrote  some  epi- 
grams.) To  which  honour  he  attained  anno  1542,  by  an 
address  to  her  in  a  copy  of  Sapphics : 

Si  veils  inter  nuvicrare  servos 
Me  tiios,  o  gloruijivminannn,  &c. 
And  which  was  higher  yet,  he  was  domestic  chaplain  to  a 
greater  princess,  viz.  Katharine  Parr,  king  Henry ""s  last 
234  queen:  as  we  find  also  by  some  of  his  verses.  Wherein, 
when  a  friend  of  his  asked  him  v.hv  he  abode  so  much  at 
court,  he  gave  him  the  reason,  that  it  was  partly  the  great 
obligingness,  affability,  and  pietv  of  his  mistress,  the  queen, 
and  partly  to  enjoy  the  societv  and  converse  (jf  some  excel- 
lent scholars,  that  were  likewise  at  court,  as  Coverdale, 
Huic,  ^Imei-,  &c. 

Quod  tarn  volens^  quod  tarn  hibens, 
RegincB  in  aula  mansito, 
Facit  hujus  benignitas^ 
Pietas^Jhcilis  dementia. 
Neccssitudo  addi  hue  potest, 
Coverdali,  Huicci,  et  jElmeri, 
O!  dii,  viros  quos  nomino  ? 
After  serious  deliberation  about  his  entrance  into  the  state 
of  matrimony,  at  last  concluding  it  the  most  safe  and  godly 
course,  he  resolved  upon  it ;  writing  thus  to  his  friend : 
Commodius  vivit  caelebs,  sed  tutius  ille,  et 
Sauctius. 
And  thereupon  concludeth, 

Ipse  hrevi  castus  nernpe  maritus  ero. 
Though  being  a  man  in  holy  orders,  many  severely  cen- 
sured him  for  it ;  especially  such  as  favoured  popery.     To 
one  he  gave  this  answer : 

Conjugium  meditor.   Trugide  ohstrepis,  utque  prohro  dcs. 
Quid /iar res,  csscnt  si  mihi  dcorta  '^  Nihil. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  347 

John  Jewel,  afterwards  the  most  learned  bishop  of  Salis-    chap. 
bury,  was  his  scholar  in  Merton  college ;  signified  in  those     '  ' 


verses  writ  to  him  ;  Anno  1572. 

Olim  discipulus  miki,  chare  JiieUc,Jiiisti, 
Nunc  ero  discipulus,  te  renuento,  tuus. 
That  he  was  incumbent  of  the  rich  benefice  of  Cleve : 
but  left  it  upon  queen  Mary's  altering  religion,  for  the  sake 
and  love  he  had  to  Jesus  Christ :  as  he  expressed  in  this 
pious  distich  to  his  friend  : 

A  me  cur  locuplcs  suh'ito  sit  Clcva  relicfa, 
Quceris.  Prcn  Christo  sordida  Cleva  tnilii. 
The  cause  of  religion  was  so  dear  to  him,  that  (besides 
the  loss  of  that)  he  took  up  a  resolution  to  leave  the  king- 
dom, Avhatever  dangers  and  evils  befell  him,  and  piously 
commended  himself  to  the  protection  of  God,  against  hang- 
men and  against  papists ;  putting  them  together,  as  equally 
dealino-  in  blood  : 

Nescio  quid  miJii  mens  prcEsugit  adcssc  malor7im ; 

Nescio  quid  sperem ;  nescio  quid  metuam. 
Quicquid  erit,  Deus  alme,  tua  me  protege  dextra ; 

Carnijices  perdant  me,  neque  pontijices. 
And  now  being  departed  from  his  native  country,  and  in  235 
his  voyage,  his  heart  trembled  to  think  of  the  cruelties  in- 
tended against  him  and  the  rest  of  those  pious  Christians 
that  would  not  turn  papistical  idolaters,  and  dreaded  the 
handling  of  those  that  remained  behind.     But  especially  he 
had  a  great  concern  for  the   princess   Elizabeth,  and  his 
noble  patroness,  the  good  duchess  of  SuiFolk.     Praying  God 
for  his  protection  of  them  all,  against  the  wolves,  lions,  and 
tigers :   meaning  those  inhuman  popish  persecutors  under 
queen  Mary,  sensible  also  of  the  danger  the  whole  kingdom 
was  in  from  foreigners.     In  regard  of  which  matters  thus 
expressing  himself,  while  he  was  sailing  upon  the  seas : 
Doles  mcdigne  qui  struunt, 
Nostramq7ie  vitam  quceritant, 
Ne  prcevcdeant  nobis,  Deus ; 
Funes  eorum  rumpito, 
Laqueos  crucntos  scindito. 


348      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  Ab  liostibus  civilihis, 

'  Et  iwteris,  Britanmcum 

Anno  1572.  Regnum  misericors  libera. ' 

Prcenobiles  vivos  banos. 
Preen  obilesqv  efoeviin  as, 
Elizabetham  principem, 
SiiffolcicB,  et  meam,  ducem, 
Deum  colentcSy  rictibus 
Lupi,  leones,  tygrides, 
Immanibus  ne  devorant. 
He  and  divers  more  divines,  and  learned  men  of  the  uni- 
versities, and  of  the  church  of  England,  imder  king  Ed- 
ward, thus  hecame  voluntary  exiles,  and  settled  themselves 
at  Zuric  in  Switzerland :  and  in  their  travel,  near  to  that 
place,  they  were  to  pass  over  a  very  high  hill,  where  was  a 
rock,  on  which  he  engraved  these  extemporary  verses ;  (the 
rest  of  them  having  inscribed  their  names  :) 

Hnic  inscidpserunt  Angli  sua  nomina  saxo, 

Char  am  qui  patriam  deseruere  suam. 
Deseruere  suam  patriam  pro  nomine  Christi : 

Quosjbvet,  ut  cives  urbs  Tigurina  suos. 
Urbs  Tigurina  piis  tutum  se  prabet  asylum. 
O!  dabitur  grates  quando  referre  pares  ? 
He  and  the  other  exiles  being  not  only  most  kindly  re- 
ceived at  their  coming,  by  Bullinger,  Zanchy,  Wolphius, 
Gualter,  Lavater,  and  the  other  ministers  and  rulers  at  Zu- 
ric, but  also  living  easily  there  among  them  :  so  much  love 
and  hospitality  had  such  an  impression  upon  him,  that  he 
thought  he  could  never  sufficiently  extol  it,  nor  be  thankful 
enough  for  it :  as  he  expressed  it  in-  these  verses  : 
Vivo  Tigurinos  inter  humanissimos : 
Quibus  veils  vix  credere,  quantum  debeam. 
O!  quando  Tigurinis  reponam.  gratiam? 
Paikiiurst        How   kind  the  divines  of  that  city  shewed  themselves 
ce'i'ved  at      (and  especially  Gualter)  to  him,  John  Bale  took  notice  of 
Zuric.         in  ti^g  preface  to  his  books  of  the  Acts  of  the  popes :  Vir  op- 

Balei  Acta      .  ^,  ,  .  p     ^   ,         ^11  s  i-      •     n 

Ronianor.    timus   (spcakmg  oi    John   I'arkhurst)   et  meliori  jortuna 
Pontif.  in     (I'ffrnior ;    quot  nominibus,   &c.    "  An   excellent  man,   and 

Pr.Tfat.  m  1  ^ 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  349 

"  worthy  of  better  fortune  ;  upon  how  many  accounts  is  he  CHAP. 
"  debtor  to  you,  Mr.  Gualter,  and  the  whole  city  [of  Zu- 1 


"  ric?]""  Anno  1572. 

The  same  writer,  an  exile  also  then  at  Basil,  records  236 
gratefully  the  entertainment  of  the  rest  of  the  English  there,  f^"^** JJ'J^,^ 
That  they  lived  together  in  one  house  [like  a  college  of  stu-  English  ex- 
dents.]    That  Bullinger  took  a  fatherly  care  of  them,  and '''"'  *''""• 
that  by  the  full  consent  of  the  citizens.    And  he  adds,  that 
these  that  were  daily  with  him  at  Basil,  related  those  mi- 
nisters' care,  their  trouble,  and  their  paternal  affection  to- 
wards them,  while  they  lived  under  the  shadow  of  that  city, 
covered  against  the  heat  of  persecution,  with  the  love  of  the 
whole  people.     They  related  also  to  him  the  incredible  mu- 
nificence of  the  magistrates :  who  most  liberally  offered  by 
Bullinger  subsistence,  by  provision  of  bread-corn  and  wine, 
as  much  as  might  suffice  to  sustain  thirteen  or  fourteen  of 
them.     But  the  English  refusing  to  be  so  burdensome  to 
them,  [having  rehef  elsewhere,]  they  of  the  city  were  sorry 
that  some  opportunity  of  gratifying  them  was  wanting. 

While  Parkhurst  sojourned  here  in  this  place,  he  ex- 
ercised sometimes  his  poetical  strain.  And  once,  at  the  mo- 
tion of  Zanchy  and  Wolphius,  knowing  his  genius  towards 
poetry,  he  comprised  the  Ten  Commandments  in  ten  he- 
roic verses.  And  again,  at  the  desire  of  the  said  Zanchy,  he 
composed  elegantly  in  Eatin  verse  the  history  of  the  life  of 
Christ :  shewing  the  occasion  thereof  in  these  words :  Cur- 
sus  vitcE  Doviini  nostri  et  Servatoris  Jesu  Christi :  rogatus 
a  D.  Hieronymo  Zanchio  hcec  scripsi  Tiguri,  1557.  He 
beo-an  with  Adventus  Christi  in  carncm.  Then  his  Nativity. 
Then  his  Circumcision.  Then  the  Epiphany.  Then  his 
Disputation  with  the  doctors :  and  so  to  the  last  Judgment, 
in  several  distinct  poems. 

And  being  settled  in  this  city,  Zuric,  this  safe  harbour 
for  the  poor  English  exiles,  he  gave  a  character  of  this 
place,  in  the  end  of  a  letter  which  he  wrote  to  Harley,  late 
bishop  of  Hereford. 

Urbs  habet  HelveticcB  me  nunc  primaria  gentis ; 
Urbs  plane  armip>otens,  pads  umica  tamcn. 


350       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  Urbsfaainda  pits  verhi  pr<2coinbus^  citri 

'•  Urbs  expers  odii,  cadis,  avariticB,  &c. 


Anno  ir>72.  He  shewed  himself  a  prophet,  as  well  as  a  poet :  comfort- 
ing the  English  exiles  by  foretelling  the  restoration  of  the 
gospel  to  England  within  a  short  time  : 

Numinis  ira  brevis,  bonitas  pia  g-andia  pr<Bbet. 
Est  nox  tristis  ?  Er'it  postera  Iwfa  dies. 
And  likewise  the  death  of  Gardiner,  bishop  of  Winches- 
ter, in  a  distich  to  Ponet,  who  had  been  deprived  of  that 
bishopric : 

Salveto  nuper  prcBSid,  prcesulquejtiturus. 
Namque  brevi  Stephanus,  prcBsul,  puto,  dcsinet  esse. 
And  so  in  all  probability  Ponet  had  been  restored,  had  he 
lived  to  return ;   but  died  before. 
23^      But  for  the  historical  characters  this  epigrammatist  giveth 
of  others  of  the  English  nation,  both  of  the  nobility  and 
clergy,  whether  papists  or  protestants,  I  refer  the  reader  to 
N". XXIV.  the  Appendix;  as  containing  many  things  that  will  be  ac- 
ceptable to  such  as  are  studious  of  those  times. 


o^O 


CHAP.  XXV. 

Remarks  upon  particidar  men.  Sparks,  a  suffragan  bi- 
shop. John  Fox.  John  Cottrel.  John  Rugg.  Justinian 
Lancaster.  Barthohmexo  Clark :  his  testimonial.  John 
Hales :  his  epitaph.  Cardinal  ChastilUon  :  poisoned  in 
England.  The  villain  that  poisoned  him  confesseth  it 
tzvo  years  after.  Nozcel,  dean  of  St.  PauTs,  founds  a 
free-school  in  Lancashire.  His  letter  to  the  lord  Burgh- 
leu  about  it.  One  Blosse  reports  king  Edward  to  be 
alive,  and  that  the  queen  zcas  married  to  Leicester.  Mines 
of  silver  in  Cumberland :  a  corporation  for  the  manage)-?/ 
thereof. 

And  as  I  have  thus  made  mention  of  several  persons  of 
figure  before,  so  I  shall  proceed  to  add  some  short  notices 
of  divers  other  eminent  men,  whose  preferments  or  deaths, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  351 

or  other  accidents,  fell  within  this  year,  with  some  remarks    CHAP, 
concernino;  them. 


Thomas   Sparks,  bishop  suffragan  of  Berwick,  assistant  Anno  1572, 
to  Cutbert,  sometime  bishop  of  Durham,  died  this  J  ear.  JJ;^']'°i' ^^f- 
And  John  Fox,  M.  A.  [the  martyrologist,  if  I  mistake  not,]  Berwick 
entitled,  Sacri  verb'/  Dei  professor,  promoted  to  a  prebend  j'Jj^*    , 
in  that  churcli  of  Durham,  vacant  by  the  natural  death  of  hath  his 
that  reverend  father,  dated  Sept.  2,  1572.    Which  prefer- ^--^^.^^jd. 
ment  he  resigned  the  next  year,  viz.  1573.  Durham. 

John    Cottrel,   LL.  D.   archdeacon    and    prebendary   of  John  Cot- 
Wells,  a  great  civilian  in  these  times,  and  before,  a  mem-       ' 
ber  of  the  famous  synod  anno  1562,  dieth.    And  August  4, 
John  Ruffff,  M.  A.  was  made  archdeacon  of  Wells,  and  was  John  Rugg. 
presented  to  the  church  of  Winford,  by  his  death,  at  the 
presentation  of  Maurice  Rodney,  of  Somersetshire,  esq. 

Justinian  Lancaster,  archdeacon  of  Taunton,  (who  also,  Justinian 
if  I  mistake  not,  was  in  the  said  synod,)  was  presented  this  J;[»^^^*^^;[-_ 
year,  in  the  month  of  March,  to  the  prebend  of  Yatton,  in  ton. 
the  church  of  Wells. 

Bartholomew  Clerk,   fellow  of  King's  college   in  Cam-Barthoi. 
bridge,  commenced  this  year  doctor  of  laws.     He  was  much  u.e^uceth!"' 
esteemed  for  his  learning  and  Latin  style ;  and  whom  arch- 
bishop Parker  had  preferred  to  the  deanery  of  the  Arches, 
and  had  employed  sometime  in   writing  against  Saunders 
his  book.      But  having,  notwithstanding,  enemies,   Byng, 
vice-chancellor,  and  Dr.  Whitgift,  master  of  Trinity  col- 
lege, and  public  professor  of  divinity,  both  gave  hnti  this 
testimonial,  under  the  university  seal,  in  their  letter  to  the  238 
lord  treasurer: 

"  Our  duties  in   most  humble  manner  to  your  honour  Testimonial 
"  premised.    Whereas  this  bearer,  Mr.  Bartholomew  Clarke,  1".^,^^' 
"  being  now  lately  admitted  a  doctor  of  the  civil  law^  in  this  MSS.  Burg. 
"  university,  hath  earnestly  required  our  special  testimony 
"  to  your  honour  of  that  his  degree,  we  could  do  no  less  for 
"  truth's  sake,   but  according  to  his  petition  to  advertise 
"  your  lordship  of  the  same ;    adding,  moreover,  that  as 
"  well  in  replying  as  answering,  he  did  so  learnedly  demean 
"  himself,  that  he  hath  thereby  not  only  much  encreased 
"  the  good  opinion  long  sithence  conceived  of  his  toward- 


352      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  ness,  but  also  obtained  a  right  commendable  report  of 
'        "  those  that  bear  the  chief  name  among:  ^is  in  that  faculty. 


Anno  1572."  Thus,  with  our  prayer  to  th"* Almighty  for  the  long  prc- 
"  servation  of  your  honourable  estate,  we  liumbly  commend 
"  your  lordship  to  his  most  blessed  tuition.  From  Cam- 
"  bridge,  this  vi.  of  December,  1572. 

"  Your  lordship"'s  most  humbly  at  commandment, 
"  Tho.  Byng,  vice-chancellor, 
"  Jhon  Whitgyfte." 

Tiie  (leatii  This  year  put  an  end  to  the  life  of  John  Hales,  a  learned 
£^jjiP5  man,  and  a  courtier,  under  the  reigns  of  king  Edward  and 
this  queen.  He  made  himself  known  in  these  times,  as  for 
his  good  zeal  towards  religion,  so  for  his  writing  in  favour 
of  the  succession  to  the  crown,  of  the  family  of  the  Grayes ; 
one  of  which  family  was  queen  Jane,  who  was  beheaded  for 
that  cause  in  the  beginning  of  queen  Mary''s  reign.  Hales, 
for  this  attempt,  imderwent  much  trouble,  as  the  histories 
of  queen  Elizabeth's  time  do  relate.  He  was  buried  in 
the  church  of  St.  Peter's  Poor,  London ;  where,  on  a  brass 
plate  against  the  north  wall,  was  this  account  of  him  en- 
graven : 

Dom.  Joannes  Hales,  a  pueritia  Uteris  deditus,  c.recl- 
lenti  ingenio,  dociUtate,  mcmoria,  studio  ct  indiistria  siji- 
gulari;  adjuncta,  lingnarum,  disci fUnarum,  juris,  anfi- 
quitatis,  rerum  divi?iarum,  ct  humanarum,  magna  ct  mvl- 
tiplici  doctrina,  instructissinius,  evasit.  Innoccntia,  intc- 
gritate,  gravitate,  constantia,  fide,  -pietatc,  rcligione,  gra- 
vissima  etiam  agrotationis  ct  rerum  difficiUurn  diulurna 
perjyessione,  ct  in  patientia,  ornatissinius /iiif,  vita:  lionis- 
tissime  sanctissimeque  acta;  diem  suprcmam  5fo.  cat.  Ju- 
nuar.  1572,  clausit.  Anima  ejceunte,  corp)oris  reliqui(V  lioc 
loco  sitcE  sunt. 

Expecto  resurrcctionem  mortuorum,  ct  vitani  cctcrnam. 

Cardinal  To  thcse  learned  men  I  shall  subjoin  another  churchman, 

poisoned  in  ^^2.  cardinal  Chastillion ;  who  flying  hither  out  of  France, 

England.     an„o  \m9>,  for  the  safety  of  his   life,  with  the   bishop  of 

Aries,  upon  his  rctiu*n  was  basely,  by  some  imknown  hand, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  353 

poisoned;  but  was  honourably  buried  among  the  metropo-   CHAP. 
litans,  in  the  cathedral  at  Canterbury,  which  happened  in 


the  year  1570.  But  I  choose  to  mention  it  here,  because  Anno  1572. 
the  vile  practiser  of  this  murder  was  not  known  till  the  239 
latter  end  of  this  present  year.  The  reason  of  his  coming 
was  supposed  to  be  for  rehgion :  for  arriving  at  Tower-  Annals  of 
wharf,  Sept.  13,  he,  with  the  other  bishop,  was  received 
by  some  eminent  citizens  there,  whereof  the  chief  was  sir 
Thomas  Gresham,  and  (as  it  seems)  by  secret  order  from 
the  queen.  They  were  conducted  to  his  house  in  Bishops- 
gate-street,  and  there  lodged.  And  the  next  day  he  rode, 
attended  with  the  said  knight  and  others,  to  the  French 
church,  to  shew  his  approbation,  as  it  might  be  interpreted, 
of  the  protestant  religion.  And  thence  he  went  with  the 
same  state  to  the  Exchange  in  Cornhill ;  and  thence  to  St. 
PauFs  church  ;  and  so  back  to  dinner  with  the  said  Gre- 
sham. And  on  some  day  after,  he  went  to  court,  to  wait 
upon  the  queen.  His  name  was  Edet,  or  Odet  Colllgni,  of 
a  noble  family  in  France :  which  made  the  queen  shew  him 
great  respect.  He  was  also  noted  by  Thuanus  for  a  per- 
son of  great  virtue  and  integrity.  Being  at  Canterbury,  he 
died  suddenly. 

That  he  was  poisoned  was  not  known,  nor  by  whom,  till 
in  the  month  of  January  this  year,  when  intelligence  came 
to  the  English  court  from  Rochel,  that  a  servant  of  the  By  his  ser- 
iate cardinal  Chastillion,  put  to  death  there,  for  going  about  *''"  " 
and  conspiring  to  betray  that  town,  confessed,  as  he  went 
to  execution,  that  it  was  he  poisoned  the  same  cardinal  in 
England. 

I   shall  also  add  here  a  remark  of  another  very  worthy  Dean Nowei 
and    reverend   man,   viz.   Alexander    Nowel,   dean    of   St.  ^°|]"J"^ 
Paul's :  who,  for  the  better  encouragement  of  learning  and  Middieton. 
true  Cliristian  religion  among  the  rude  inhabitants  of  Lan- 
cashire, he  being  a  native  there,  was  now  founding  a  free- 
school  at  Middieton  in  that  county,  and  providing  for  the 
maintenance  of  such  scholars  as  went  from  thence  to  Brazen- 
nose  college  in  Oxford.     A  charter  for  the  founding  of  the 
same  from  the  queen,  for  the  establishing  of  this  Christian 

VOL.  ir.  A  a 


354       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    charity,  lay  now  before  the  lord  treasurer.     And  now,  in 
the  month  of  July,  the  said  dean  solicited  that  lord  in  behalf 


Anno  1572. thereof;  and  that  for  the  better  maintenance  of  the  master 
and  usher,  it  might  be  capable  of  being  well  endowed :  ad- 
dressing to  him  to  this  tenor ;  "  That  in  the  patent  of  the 
"  foundation  of  her  majesty's  school  of  Middleton,  and  of 
"  her  thirteen  poor  scholars  of  Brazen-nose  college  in  Ox- 
"  ford,  the  sum  of  the  mortmain  was  not  named.    For  the 
"  which,  by  the  advice  of  sir  Walter  Mildmay,  a  blank  was 
"  left,  upon  good  hope  that  it  would  please  her  majesty  to 
"  license  a  large  sum  to  be  purchased  to  so  goodly  uses ; 
"  and  in  her  majesty's  name  he  humbly  prayed  his  honour 
"  to  finish  the  good  work  which  he  had  so  happily  begun ; 
"  and  to  move  her  majesty  to  license  the  sum  of  lOOZ.  or  so 
"  many  marks  at  the  least,  by  him  and  others,  to  be  pur- 
"  chased  in  mortmain,  for  the  increase  of  the  stipends  of 
"  the  schoolmaster  and  usher,  and  of  the  number  and  exhi- 
"  bition  of  the  said  scholars,  and  the  better  relief  of  the 
"  great  company  of  that  poor  college :  and  all  to  be  done  in 
"  her  majesty's  name.     And  to  cause  the  said  mortmain  to 
"  be  entered  in  the  blank  of  the  said  patent,  with  a  note  of 
"  her  majesty's  consent  hereunto ;  that  no  doubt  may  grow 
"  by  the  diversity  of  the  writing."     Adding,  "  Your  ho- 
"  nour  shall  hereby  bind,  not  only  me,  but  all  the  inha- 
"  bitants  of  the  rude  country  of  Lancashire,  and  the  scho- 
240  "  lars  of  the  said  college,  next  after  her  majesty,  to  pray  for 
"  your  honour,  &c. 

"  Your  honour's  always  to  command, 

"  Alex.  Nowel." 

Dr.Fuik  William  Fulk,  a  member  of  the  university  of  Cambridge, 

France  with  (afterwards  well  known  for  liis  learned  writings  and  dispu- 
the  lord      tations  against  the  Romanists,  and  head  of  Pembroke-hall,) 

admiral.  ®  ,  .  i  i        i    •  ^i 

had  the  honour  this  year  to  attend,  as  chaplain,  upon  the 
earl  of  Lincoln,  lord  high  admiral,  going  to  France.  And 
so  his  absence  from  the  commencement  being  necessary, 
when  he  was  to  take  his  degree  of  doctor,  he  obtained  the 
queen's  letters  to  the  heads,  to  grant  him  his  degree,  not- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  355 

withstanding  his  absence.     And  that  by  virtue  of  her  royal    c  H  AP. 
dispensing  with  a  statute  to  the  contrary.     The  said  letter     ^^V. 
to  the  university  deserves  here  to  be  inserted,  being  copied  Anno  1572. 
by  an  exact  hand. 

"  Elizabetha  R. 
"  Trustie  and  welbeloved,  wee  greet  you  wel.  Wheras R.T.Baker, 
we  are  informed,  that  William  Fulk,  batchelor  of  di- 
vinity of  that  our  university  of  Cambridge,  hath  both 
performed  al  the  scholastical  acts  that  are  appointed  by 
our  statutes  for  the  trial  of  them  that  are  to  be  admitted 
to  the  degree  of  doctors  in  the  same  facultie  ;  and  also 
very  neer  accomplished  al  that  time  of  study,  which  is 
required  by  the  same  statutes  :  these  are  to  let  you  under- 
stand, that  in  consideration  that  he  is  appointed  to  attend 
upon  our  right  trustie  and  right  welbeloved  cosyn  and 
counsellor,  the  earl  of  Lyncolne,  our  high  admiral  of 
England  into  France,  so  that  he  cannot  be  present  at 
your  next  commencement,  wee  are  wel  pleased  to  dis- 
pense with  him ;  and  by  these  presents  do  dispence  with 
him.  Requiring  ye  therefore,  that  by  grace  of  that  our 
said  university,  he  may  be  admitted  to  the  said  degree, 
notwithstanding  his  absense,  in  as  ample  maner  as  hath 
byn  used  to  be  granted  there,  before  that  libertie,  for  sun- 
dry good  causes^  was  restrained  by  our  statute ;  the  said 
statute,  or  any  thing  contained  therin  in  any  wise  notwith- 
standing. And  these  our  letters  shal  be  your  sufficient 
warrant  and  discharge  in  this  behalf.  Geven  under  our 
signet,  at  our  mannor  of  S.  James,  this  19th  day  of  May, 
in  the  fourteenth  year  of  our  reign." 
One  Blosse,  alias  Mantel,  was  in  the  month  of  January  ^^^  Boss 
taken  up,  for  affirming  king  Edward  VI.  was  yet  alive ;  and  Edward  was 
that  queen  Elizabeth  was  married  about  the  year  1564  to'"'i"e'&c. 
the  earl  of  Leicester,  and  had  four  children  by  him  :  and  he 
had  confidently  told  the  same  many  times.  This  was  such 
a  piece  of  impudence,  that  it  could  not  but  be  taken  notice 
of.  The  latter  report  he  had  received  fi-om  a  popish  priest, 
as  such,  making  it  a  great  part  of  their  business  to  slander 


356       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   and  defame  the  queen  to  the  utmost  degree,  to  make  her 
odious.     And  the  former  lie  he  had  gathered  from  one  in 


Anno  1572.  Oxford,  in  the  time  of  queen  Mary.  He  was  brought  before 
241  Fleetwood,  recorder  of  London,  who  examined  him:  to 
whom  he  made  a  confession  of  what  he  had  said,  but  with 
sorrow  and  repentance,  though  perhaps  partial  only ;  and 
the  said  recorder  consulted  Avith  the  attorney-general,  sir 
Gilbert  Gerard,  what  penalty  by  law  should  be  laid  upon 
him ;  and  whether  the  crime  could  be  found  treason.  In 
short,  no  law  then  was  found  to  prosecute  him.  This  matter 
being  somewhat  curious,  I  will  relate  both  the  examination 
of  this  fellow,  as  it  was  taken  by  the  recorder,  and  sent  to 
the  lord  treasurer,  together  with  his  letter,  giving  a  further 
account  of  his  dealing  with  him,  and  the  judgment  of  both 
in  this  case.     For  both  examination  and  letter  the  reader 

N°.xxv.    may  apply  himself  to  the  Appendix. 

Mines  of          Let  me  add,  in  the  conclusion  of  this  year,  that  certain 

siiv-er,  &c.    jj-jjjj  g      gj.g  discovered  in  Cumberland,  wherein  was  rich 

in  Cumner-  '  _  _ 

land  (lis-  ore;  whence  were  extracted  copper,  lead,  and  silver:  which 
gave  such  encouragement,  that  a  society,  formed  into  a  cor- 
poration of  persons  of  eminent  rank,  was  established,  for  the 
carrying  on  the  work  thereof.  For  in  this  14th  of  the 
queen  she  granted  letters  patents,  bearing  date  the  4th  of 
December,  of  privilege  for  making  of  copper  and  quick- 
silver, by  way  of  transmutation,  with  other  commodities 
growing  of  that  mystery,  to  sir  Tho.  Smith,  knt.  (who  was 
the  chief  contriver,)  Robert  earl  of  Leicester,  William  lord 

A  corpora-  Burghley,  and  sir  Humfrey  Gilbert,  knt.  who  were  incor- 
porate by  the  name  of  the  g-ovcrnoj-  and  society  of  the  new 
art.  They  took  into  the  said  corporation  some  High  Dutch- 
men, to  be  joined  with  them,  who  better  understood  the 
practical  and  laborious  part.  Among  those,  the  chief  under- 
taker was  one  Daniel  Heckstetter,  who  was  termed  some- 
times Dr.  Heckstetter,  and  sometimes  IVIr.  Daniel.  In  these 
mines  the  queen  had  her  part,  which  was  the  fifteenth 
share;  the  rest  went  among  the  corporation.  They  ex- 
tracted copper,  lead,  silver,  brimstone,  &c.  But  these  works 
stood  still  this  year,  1572,  for  want  of  money,  and  by  reason 


same. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  357 

of  the  disagreement  of  the  Enghshmen  in  company  with  the    CHAP. 
Dutch.     Upon   which,  one  Richard  Dudley,  a  judicious  ______ 

person,  (and  concerned,  as  it  seems,  in  this  business,)  did  '"^""o  1 572. 
advise,  that  if  they  agreed  not,  and  were  not  wilhng  to  con- 
sent and  agree  to  all  things  according  to  their  covenants, 
then  those  wilf^il  persons  should  lose  their  portions  for  a 
time,  and  the  queen  to  have  their  parts  for  three  years ; 
and  as  the  quantity  or  portion  required,  to  pay  money  after 
the  rate.  Also,  he  wished  some  skilful  man  to  be  appointed 
to  join  with  the  Dutchmen,  for  making  the  assays  of  copper, 
and  for  making  bargains  for  wood,  seacoal,  making  char- 
coal, &c.  And  that  the  queen  keeping  them  in  her  hand 
the  space  of  three  years,  she  should  come  to  know  and  un- 
derstand their  commodity,  and  whether  they  were  to  be 
continued ;  and,  as  he  supposed,  would  encourage  the 
Dutchmen  to  travail  more  earnestly,  when  her  majesty 
should  deal  in  it. 

At  length   the  Englishmen  were   contented   to  let   the 
Dutch  have  their  parts  for  three  years,  and  to  be  at  all 
charges.     The  chief  undertaker  in  this  work,  Heckstetter, 
at  the  expiration  of  those  three  years,  made  two  petitions  to  Petition  to 
the  queen.     One,  for  forbearance  of  her  debt  lent ;  so  as  l^^  qut^en 
lier  debt  might  be  paid  so  much  yearly,  according  as  the  ter  carrying 
mines  miffht  bear,  with  the  favourable  consideration  of  their""  *'"'*^ 

o  '  _  _  mines. 

continuance;  and  the  other,  that  it  might  be  permitted  to 
vent  and  transport  over  the  seas  such  quantity  of  coppers 
yearly,  as  the  said  Daniel  should  find  merchants  willing  to  242 
buy  of  him  ;  paying  her  majesty  due  custom  thereof,  ac- 
cording to  the  company's  privilege. 

In  short,  by  an  extract  it  appeared,  the  debt  and  benefit 
of  these  works  was,  that  the  queen  lent  to  the  works,  to  the 
carrying  them  on,  2500Z..at  Christmas,  1575  ;  and  was  owing 
by  the  mines  4807/.  19*.  4d  ;  paid,  and  owing  to  the  mines, 
from  Christmas  1575,  to  Christmas  1576,  3547/.  7*.  lOd  ■ 
How  the  state  of  these  mines  stood  about  this  year,  1576, 
will  be  seen  in  the  Appendix.  •  j^t,,  xxvi 

Towards  the  end  of  the  year  all  things  were  framed  to 
quiet,  peace  abroad  and  at  home.    Though  (as  Dr.  Wylson 

A  a  3 


358       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    observed  in  his  correspondence  with  the  bishop  of  Normch) 
that  he  did  not  think  that  princes,  being  once  quiet  within 


Anno  1572.  their  own  states,  would  suffer  this  state  [of  England]  to  be 
long  quiet.  And  so  indeed  it  proved,  as  we  shall  find  in 
the  progress  of  this  history. 

The  bishop       Xhe  parliament  being;  to  sit  in  April  next,  having  been 

of  Norwich  ^-  ,  ,      ,  1  /  1  rr.     1 

preparing  prorogued  to  that  month  by  the  queen,  (to  take  oft  the 
to  come  up  eagemess  of  the  house  against  the  Scottish  queen,)  the  bi- 
pariiament.  shop  of  Norwich,  now  ancient  and  sickly,  began  a  month  or 
two  before  to  be  concerned  where  he  should  get  lodgings 
when  he  came  up :  and  therefore  sent  up  a  messenger  be- 
fore him,  to  provide  some  convenient  place  for  his  reception. 
The  lady  Jerningham,  of  his  diocese,  had  offered  him  the 
use  of  an  house  of  hers  in  the  Black-friars :  but  he  had  no 
great  stomach  to  accept  of  her  kind  offer,  because  she  was 
noted  to  be  a  great  enemy  to  religion ;  sir  Henry  Jerning- 
ham, knt.  deceased,  her  husband,  having  been  captain  of 
the  guard  to  the  late  queen  Mary.  But  necessity  had  no 
law,  as  the  bishop  wrote  his  friend  Dr.  Wylson ;  and  that 
therefore,  for  any  thing  he  knew,  he  must  be  contented 
therewithal. 
Tiie  ancient  This  IS  but  a  slight  remark,  and  yet  I  cannot  but  take 
th  "bishmis.  ^^otice  of  it ;  to  observe  hence  how  this  bishopric  was  now 
wholly  devoid  of  any  house  or  inn  in  London  or  Westmin- 
ster, when  as  his  ancestors,  the  bishops  of  Norwich,  (as  well 
as  the  rest  of  the  bishops,)  had  all  their  inns  or  houses  be- 
longing to  their  bishoprics,  for  their  harbour,  when  they  had 
occasion  to  come  up  to  the  court  or  parliament ;  a  thing  so 
convenicMit.  But  now  there  was  scarce  one  (except  the  bi- 
shop of  Ely)  had  any,  but  what  he  borrowed  or  hired,  their 
houses  having  been,  either  by  the  latter  kings  and  princes, 
or  the  importunity  of  courtiers,  obtained  from  them.  Thus 
the  bishops  of  Norwich  had  their  house  in  St.  Martin's 
in  the  Fields;  which  came  in  king  Henry  Vlllth's  time  to 
Charles  duke  of  Suffolk.  The  bishops  of  Hereford  had 
their  inn  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary  Mounthaw  ;  which  was 
alienated  to  the  lord  Clinton,  under  king  Edward  VI.  The 
bishop  of  Lincoln's  inn  was  situate  in  Holborn,  beyond  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  359 

bars;  which  came  afterwards  to  the  earls  of  Southampton.    CHAP. 
The  bishops  of  Chichester  had  their  house  in  the  same. 


street,  now  called  Chancery-lane;  built  by  Ralph  Nevyl,  Anno  1572, 
bishop  of  Chichester,  near  the  office  called  Cursitor's  Office. 
Afterwards  it  came  to  the  earls  of  Lincoln,  and  was  called 
Lincoln's  inn ;  now  one  of  the  inns  of  court.     The  arch- 
bishops of  York  had  their  house  at  Westminster,   called 
York-place,  where  Whitehall  now  standeth,   given  to  his 
successors  by  Walter  Grey,  archbishop  of  York  :  but  king- 
Henry  took   it  from    cardinal  Wolsey.      The  bishops   of 
Exeter,  their  inn  was  where  Exeter-house  now  standeth. 
The  bishop  of  Bath's  inn  was  likewise  in  the  Strand,  which  243 
afterwards  came  to  sir  Tho.  Seymour,  knt.  admiral  of  Eng- 
land under  king;  Edward  VI.  who  built  much  there  :  and 
from  him  to  the  earl  of  Arundel,  and  had  from  him  the 
name  of  Arundel-house,  now  built  into  a  street.     The  bi- 
shops of  Bath,  after  they  were  put  from  this  inn,  had  their 
house  in  the  Minories  in  Aldgate.    Further  westward  in  the 
Strand  was  Chester's  inn,  belonging  to  the  bishops  of  Ches- 
ter ;  the  same  with  Litchfield  and  Coventry.     Further  that 
way  the  bishops  of  Landaff  had  their  inn,  lying  near  the 
church  of  our  lady  at  Strand.     Further  still  was  the  inn  of 
the  bishops  of  Chester.    This  house  was  first  built  by  Walter 
Langton,  bishop   of  Chester,  lord  treasurer  of  England. 
Adjoining  to  it  was   the  bishop  of  Worcester's  inn.     All 
these  were  demolished  by  the  duke  of  Somerset,  for  build- 
ing of  his  own  fair  palace  of  Somerset-house.     Near  the 
Savoy  was  the  bishop  of  Carlisle's  inn  ;  now  belonging  to 
the  duke  of   Bedford.     Durham-house,  belonging  to  the 
bishops  of  that  see,  and  still  bearing  their  name,  was  built 
by  Tho.  Hatfield,  bishop  of  Durham.     Beyond  Durham- 
house  was  the  house    of  the  bishop  of  Norwich;   which 
Heth,  archbishop  of  York,  bought,  for  him  and  his  suc- 
cessors, of  that  bishop  ;  but  is  now  also  become  a  street. 

I  shall  only  add  a  letter  in  French,  (intercepted  no 
doubt,)  wrote  by  a  Scotch  nobleman  to  the  pope ;  dated 
from  Brussels,  Jan.  1572.  which  letter  will  give  further 
light  into  these  times,  and  the  busy  dealings  of  the  papists. 

A  a  4 


360      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1572. 


Je  ne  desirois  riens  iTadvantage,  tres  heurcux  pcre^  &c. 
I  should  desire  nothing  more,  blessed  father,  than  that  it 
might  be  permitted  me  to  come  before  your  holiness,  to 
kiss  your  feet,  and  to  render  you  thanks,  as  well  for  the 
benefit  and  pleasui-e  made  to  the  queen,  my  sovereign, 
and  to  all  my  country,  as  especially  for  the  singular  love 
which  your  holiness  hath  well  shewn  me,  to  bear  to  the 
coming  of  my  son  to  Rome.  Who  writ  me,  the  21st  of 
October  last,  of  the  good  reception  and  favourable  treat- 
ment which  it  pleased  your  holiness  to  make  him  ;  to 
wit,  insomuch  as  to  hold  and  repute  him  your  only  son : 
promising  him  aid  of  that  which  shall  be  possible  from 
your  holiness,  &c.  Duke  d'Alva,  according  to  whose  ex- 
cellence*'s  will  I  am  sent  by  my  sovereign  and  the  nobility 
of  Scotland,  &c.  I  have  nevertheless,  and  have  conceived 
in  my  heart,  a  little  joy,  to  understand,  that  the  reverend 
father,  Nicolas  Sander,  goeth  to  your  holiness,  whom  of  a 
long  time  I  have  known,  a  man  of  good ;  whom  I  much 
love,  as  he  deserveth ;  and  knoweth  very  well  the  state  of 
the  queen,  my  sovereign,  the  condition  of  her  country, 
and  of  mine ;  and  the  studies  and  wills  of  us  all,  that  live 
in  the  Low  Germany,  and  that  which  may  be  done  and 
hoped.  He  shall  fully  instruct  your  holiness  of  the  state 
of  all  things  and  persons;  and  shall  suggest  counsels, 
which  will  seem  most  seasonable  for  the  remedying  our 
evils.  I  have  laid  open  to  this  so  fit  a  man  some  secret 
businesses  of  mine,  and  my  special  proceedings,  and  touch- 
ing the  state  of  my  country,  for  that  end  and  purpose,  to 
communicate  it  to  your  holiness  alone.  To  whose  narra- 
tion, that  certain  credit  may  be  given,  I  pray  again  and 
again.  Yet  so,  that  the  business  itself  remain  buried  and 
entire ;  and  nothing  come  to  light,  until  it  obtains  its  full 
effect,  and  be  brought  to  the  wished- for  issue." 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  361 

CHAP.   XXVI.  c^*^AP. 

Dr.  Valentine  Dale  goes  ambassador  to  France :  the  condi- 

tio7i  of  Rochel.  The  ambassador'' s  letter  concerriing-  the ' 
successes  there  against  the  besiegers.  Pacification  with 
the  protestants.  The  queen  instrumental  therein.  Oc- 
currences of  matters  in  France.,  sent  hither  by  Dale. 
Monsieur  elected  hing  of  Poland.  A  safe  conduct  de- 
sired fb?-  him  from  the  queen  :  and  also  for  duke  cCAlen- 
^on.  Liberty  granted  for  the  Scottish  queen  to  go  to 
Buxton  well.  Orders  to  the  earl  of  Shrezcsbury.  The 
queen  suspicious  of  the  lord  Burghley''s  favouring  the 
Scottish  queen.  His  caution  in  that  respect.  Earl  of 
Leicester  esteemed  by  that  queen  to  be  her  enemy.  How 
far  lie  was  so,  as  he  declared.  Queen  ElizabetJi's  real 
concern  for  that  queen.  A  plot  to  deliver  her  from  the 
custody  of  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury.  His  chaplain  and 
another  of  the  clergy  accuse  him  falsely :  examined. 

JLyOCTOR  DALE,  being  now  the  queen's  ambassador  in  Dale,  am- 
the  court  of  France,  gives  account  into  England  of  the  state  r^an^ce"^ '" 
of  affairs  there,  on  which   the  safety   and  welfare  of  thewriteth 
queen  and  her  state  did  so  much  depend;  especially  con- Rochel. 
cerning  the  religion  there,  which  she  laboured,  as  much  as 
she  could,  to  favour,  and  provide  against  the  oppression  of 
those  that  professed  it.     In  May,  the  said  ambassador  wrote 
over  to  the  earl  of  Sussex,  lord  chamberlain  and  a  privy 
counsellor,  that  Roan  still  held  out.     And  this  was  so  im- 
portant an  affair,  and  did  so  much  employ  all  the  counsels 
and  arms  of  that  king,  that  at  court  their  whole  doings  de- 
pended upon  Rochel ;  and  of  it  they  wished  to  be  rid  one 
way  or  other,  that  they  might  mind  other  matters.     The 
queen-mother  herself  said,  that  they  were  out  of  hope  to 
bring  them  to  any  composition,  although  they  did  all  they 
could  to  bring  them  thereunto.     And  therefore  they  ap- 
pointed to  give  them  a  general  assault,  as  that  day,  [wherein 
Dale  wrote  all  this,  viz.  idt.  Maii.^ 

Then  he  went  on  to  describe  the  town  of   Rochel,  all  Rochel  de- 
men''s  eyes  being  upon  so  famous  a  siege  as  that  was,  and  f^^^^J^  g  ^ 


362       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    especially  the  English  nation  ;  which,  on  the  account  of  re- 
^-         ligion,  wished  well  to  them.     It  was  in  a  manner  (as  he  de- 
Aimo  1573.  scribed  it)  four  square.     The  west  side  lay  upon  the  sea; 
the  south  side  upon  the  salt  marshes,  full  of  pits  to  make 
salt;   the  north  side  was  overflown  with  the  tide  at  every 
full  water;  and  the  east  side,  which  was  only  accessible,  had 
at  the  corner  toward  the  south  one  bulwark,  called  the  bul- 
wark of  the  port  of  Cogne ;  and  at  the  corner  toward  the 
north,  one  other  mighty  bulwark,  called  St.  Angeli :  which 
two  bulwarks  did  flank  on  the   curtain  on   the  east  side. 
Monsieur  has  battered  the  bulwark  St.  Angeli,  but  holds  it 
245  not  himself;  and  lays  in  the  ditch  at  the  foot  of  a  breach 
made  into  the  curtain  of  the  wall.     They  of  the  town  were 
on  the  rampart,  sometimes  at  the  half  pike.    What  trenches 
or  fosses  were  within  was  not  known.     There  were  divers 
The  condi-  gobious  and  platforms  in  that  town,  that  did  command  the 
chei.  rampart  at  the  place  of  that  breach.     Now  the  town  being 

thus,  as  the  ambassador  added,  and  their  doings  here  being, 
as  he  had   expressed    them    in   particular   advertisements, 
which  he  enclosed,  his  lordship  (he  said)  would  best  con- 
sider the  state  of  that  country  :  and  so  humbly  took  leave  of 
his  lordship,  from  Moreton,  the  last  of  May,  1573.     These 
N". XXVII.  advertisements  I  have  laid  in  the  Appendix.    Where  we 
may  see  the  wonderful  successes,  by  the  providence  of  God, 
that  poor  persecuted  people  had ;  as  well  as  other  occur- 
rences in  France  in  that  juncture,  with  relation  to  England. 
The  besieg-      To  which  I  may  subjoin  what  Dr.  George  Abbot  (after- 
lousiy  sup-  wards  archbishop  of  Canterbury)  delivered  in  a  lecture  at 
plied  with    Oxford,  concerning  a  kind  of  miraculous  providence,  sup- 
Exposit.       plying  the  besieged  Rochellers,  in  their  necessity,  with  food, 
upon  Jon.    ^Yhere  shewing  divers  instances  of  God''s  providence  in  pre- 
serving of  his  church  and  people,  he  relates,  that  after  the 
massacre  of  Paris,  the  whole   power  of  that   kingdom   of 
France  w^ere  gathered  together  against  the  city  of  Rochel, 
and  besieged  them  with  extremity,  who  defended  the  place. 
And  that  God,  in   the  time  of  famine  and  want  of  bread, 
did  for  some  whole  months  together  daily  cast  up  a  kind  of 
(ish   unto  them  out  of  the  sea ;   wherewith   so  many  hun- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  36a 

dreds  were  relieved,  without  any  labour  of  their  own:  even    CHAP, 
as  the  Israelites  were  fed  with  manna  every  morning,  while    ^^^^' 


they  were  in  the  wilderness.  And  as  all  the  while  that  the  Anno  1573. 
enemy  was  before  them  this  endured,  to  their  marvellous 
comfort ;  so,  to  proclaim  to  the  world  God's  providence  the 
more,  when  the  enemy's  tents  were  once  removed,  and  the 
city  was  open  again,  this  provision  immediately  did  cease. 
And  then  the  preacher  concluded,  "  That  it  was  a  good 
"  testification  that  the  Lord  of  hosts  would  leave  a  remnant, 
"  even  a  seed  of  his  faithful,  in  that  land."  For  this  he 
quoted  Comment.  Religionis  et  Reip.  in  Gallia,  lib.  ii. 

This  brave  resistance,  or  rather  self-defence,  and  success  Pacification 
of  the  poor  Rochellers,  had  a  good  effect  in  the  next  month,  in  France! 
together  with  the  queen's  influence  in  Scotland,  and  her 
despatching  another  ambassador,  Mr.  Horsey,  to   France. 
For  Dr.  Dale,  in  a  letter  dated  the  last  of  June,  thus  re- 
lated the  state  of  matters  in  France,  to  the  same  earl  of 
Sussex  :   "  That  things  were  in  such  a  case  in  that  realm, 
"  that  they  were  contented  to  bear  all  things :  and  that  they 
"  made  as  though  they  were  not  moved  with  the  matters  of 
"  Scotland :  [where  their  ambassador  had  no  success  to  pro- 
"  voke   the  Scots,   and  to  continue  the  differences  among 
"  them:]  nor  to  be  offended  with  any  dilatory  answer  of 
"  the  queen,  nor  with  the  coming  of  Mr.  Horsey,  nor  with 
"  any  other  thing  that  was  past ;  but  took  all  in  good  part 
"  in  outward  appearance.     And  yet,"  added  the  ambassa-  Dale  the 
dor  to  the  earl,  "  that  his  lordship  did  best  know  how  much  jor-s^j^etter 
"  they  might  be  grieved  with  those  things,  and  how  they  concerning 
"  might  be  in  doubt   what  carriage  they  of  the  religion  Titus  B.2. 
"  would  take,  by  the  coming  of  Mr.  Horsey  at  this  time. 
"  And  therefore  they  made  the  more  speed  to  make  some  246 
"  pacification.     That  they  had  accorded  with  them  of  Ro- 
"  chel,  Sancerre,  Montauban,  Nymes,  free  exercise  in  reli- 
"  gion  ;  and  were  contented  to  have  no  garrison  in  Rochel, 
"  but  only  that  De  la  Nove  should  be  governor  for  the 
"  king,  of  certain  bands  of  the  town's  appointment,  and  pay 
"  for  the  performance  thereof. 

"  That  the  king  of  Polonia  was  content  to  gage  his  ho- 


364       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  nour,  which  he  made  much  of  now,  because  of  his  going 
^'  *'  into  Poland.  And  yet  they  of  the  town  'would  not  trust 
Anno  1573."  him;  so  much  the  less,  because  he  gave  an  escalade  of 
"  late,  during  the  time  of  treaty.  They  found  the  rampart 
"  so  trenched  and  flanked  within,  at  their  last  escalade,  that 
**  it  was  thought  they  were  past  hope  to  do  any  good  by  any 
"  assault.  And  now  the  king  of  Polonia  was  so  hastened 
"  away,  that  he  could  not  taiTy  ;  and  so  was  to  carry  so 
"  many  of  the  chiefest  gentlemen  and  soldiers,  and  so  much 
"  of  their  treasure  with  him.  And  besides,  that  here  were 
"  many  in  arms  in  Languedoc,  Dauphine,  and  Berne,  that 
"  the  king  was  weary  of  it ;  and  what  would  be  done,  he 
"  knew  not  himself. 

"  And  so  promising  to  do  his  diligence,  as  things  fell,  to 

"  give  that   lord  his  best  advertisement,  if  he  could,  he 

"  prayed  God  to  keep  his  lordship  in  good  health."    Dated 

from  Paris  the  last  of  June. 

The  queen        By  another  intelligence  in  the  month  of  July,  the  same 

ta^  to  thT    ambassador  sent  the  earl  notice  of  the  peace  made  between 

peace  with  the  French   king,  and    the  afflicted,    his  subjects ;    being 

signed  by  him  on  the  2d  of  July :  which  was  hastened  by 

occasion  of  queen  Elizabeth''s  sending  Horsey  thither  very 

seasonably,    as  was    suggested   before.     The    capitulation 

whereof  that  gentleman  was  promised  to  have  along  with 

Iiim  when  he  returned.     But  yet  the  terms  were  such,  that 

it  was  not  yet  known  whether  they  of  Beam,  Languedoc, 

and  Dauphine  had  accepted  them,  or  laid  down  tlieir  arms. 

The  terms    The  king  had  accorded  to  the  exercise  of  religion  to  them 

«)"ded7or    "^  Rochel,  Nymes,  and  Montauban  :  but  it  was  with  the 

the  exercise  mislikinc;  of  divers  of  those  about  him.     Dale  added,  that 
f     r  ■ 
re  igion.  ]^^>  jydg^^fj  i]^^^  tj^j^j;  little  munition,  that  came  out  of  Eng- 
land to  Rochel,  preserved  the  town  ;  and  the  countenance  of 
Horsey 's  coming  over  had  done  much  good.     This  letter 
was  dated  from  Paris,  July  17. 

Thus,  after  all  that  king's  murders  of  his.protestant  sub- 
jects, that  thereby  he  might  take  the  surest  course  to  put 
an  effectual  end  to  their  rehgion,  he  was  forced,  after  much 
trouble  and  vexation  to  himself,  and  infamy  to  his  name, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  365 

to  allow  under  his  own  hand  the  continuance  and  practice   CHAP. 

J,  .                                                                                                                                  XXVI. 
OI    It.  


By  this  yielding  of  the  king  to  his  subjects,  professing  the  Anno  1573. 
religion,  to  suffer  them  to  be  at  quiet,  he,  weary  of  war,  [^"p^*"^""^ 
consulted  for  his  own  peace  and  quiet.     But  yet  he  obtained  sent  by  the 
not  his  desired  end ;  for  (as  the  same  ambassador  soon  after  i„to  E„g_ 
informed)  all  parties  were  in  misliking,  and  every  man  drew  '•'i"'''  •'"'y 
the  king  into  disquietness,  as  much  as  they  might,  for  the 
maintenance  of  their  faction,  [i.  e.  the  bigoted  popish  fac- 
tion.]    And  the  better  to  judge  of  these  matters,  he  sent 
over  to  the  secretary  here  an  extract  of  an  oration  of  the 
cardinal  of  Loraine.     And  beside  gave  a  further  light  into 
these  turbulent  affairs  now  in  France,  occasioned  by  the  per- 
secution there;  which  he  had  gathered  with  as  much  care 247 
and  diligence  as  he  could. 

"  That  at  the  time  the  peace  was  thoroughly  passed  at 
"  Rochel,  the  king  elect  of  Poland,  to  avoid  the  murmuring 
"  and  mutiny  of  his  soldiers,  (for  that  they  were  unpaid,) 
"  unaware  to  the  greatest  number  of  the  captains  them- 
"  selves,  conveyed  himself  privately  away ;  and  took  galley 
"  at  Rochel,  feigning  to  go  for  his  pastime  on  the  sea,  and 
"  took  his  voyage  presently  to  Nantes  :  and  from  thence,  the 
"  20th  of  this  month  of  July,  appointed  to  arrive  at  Tours. 
"  That  the  duke  of  Alengon  was  king  of  Navar.  And  the 
"  duke  of  Guise  came  from  Rochel  by  land  to  meet  him." 

That  neither  they  of  Languedoc  and  Dauphine,  neither 
yet  the  town  of  Nismes,  did  accept  the  peace.  That  the 
king  elect,  for  performance  of  his  vow,  went  from  Blois  to 
Notre  Dame  de  Clery,  on  foot.  It  was  said,  that  the  mar- 
shal Tavanes  died  ex  morbo  pediculari:  which  was  much 
noted,  because  he  was  one  of  the  greatest  persecutors  at  the 
massacre. 

There  was  a  very  great  report  spread,  that  neither  the 
emperor  nor  the  princes  of  Germany  will  assure  a  passage 
unto  the  king  elect  through  Germany.  But  that  certainly 
was  not  known,  until  the  time  that  news  might  come  from 
monsieur  Memory ;  who  went  to  the  emperor  for  that  pur- 
pose.    That  Alasco,  one  of  the  chiefest  ambassadors  that 


366      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    came  from  Polonia,  was  already  arrived  at  Metz,  and  the 
^'        rest  were  looked  for  there  the  23d  of  this  present. 


Aano  1673.  That  it  was  said,  that  the  Muscovite  did  make  prepara- 
tion against  Polonia.  That  it  was  reported,  that  the  navy 
of  the  Turk  was  consumed  by  fire  from  heaven.  But  the 
ambassador  that  was  come  to  congratulate  from  Venice  did 
report,  that  there  should  not  be  above  the  number  of  twenty 
ships  of  them  consumed.  It  was  further  said,  that  the  rest 
of  the  Turk's  navy  was  withdrawn  for  this  year. 

That  the  peace  was  not  published  in  the  camp  nor  in 
the  town  at  the  coming  away  of  the  king  elect ;  but  the 
publishing  thereof  was  referred  to  the  Rochelois.  That  the 
townsmen  came  to  the  king  elect,  at  the  departure,  and  used 
certain  speeches  touching  their  submission,  duty,  and  good 
love  towards  the  king,  desiring  the  king  elect  to  be  a  means 
that  such  articles  as  were  accorded  unto  them  might  be  per- 
formed. That  to  this  the  king  elect  answered,  that  before 
this  time,  for  his  part,  he  had  never  made  any  promise  to 
the  protestants ;  but  now,  since  he  had  given  his  promise 
for  the  accord,  he  himself  would  see  it  performed.  That 
the  king  elect  being  departed  from  Rochel,  it  was  said, 
there  entered  in  certain  ships,  English  and  British,  with 
victuals.  That  the  ships  that  were  laid  to  stop  the  entry  of 
the  haven  were  withdrawn,  and  the  carac  burnt,  with  the 
forts  builded  by  the  king  elect. 

"  That  it  was  said,  that  the  protestants  were  possessed  of 
"  a  very  strong  town  in  Languedoc,  called  Lodeve,  where 
"  the  most  part  of  the  riches  of  that  country  was  bestowed  ; 
"  because  it  was  taken,  by  the  situation  thereof,  to  be  inac- 
"  cessible.  That  the  protestants  had  gotten  the  harvest  of  the 
"  country  as  far  as  Tholouse,  and  had  devised  to  surprise 
248  "  the  town  of  Tholouse,  but  were  discovered.""  I  have  set 
down  the  whole  intelligence  sent  by  the  ambassador,  though 
some  matters  therein  are  foreign  to  our  history,  that  I  might 
not  give  a  defective  and  imperfect  account  thereof. 

And  thus  the  religion  in  France  appeared  in  better  cir- 
cumstances through  the  late  dismal  clouds  upon  it,  by  the 
influence  of  queen  Eli/abeth"'s  counsels,  and  the  blessing  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  367 

God  upon  them,  notwithstanding  the  inveterate  mahce  of    CHAP. 

•  •  W  VI 

the  enemies  of  it. 


The  next  month,  viz.  August,  the  French  ambassador  Anno  1573. 
requested  two  things  of  her  maiesty  concerning  the  French  ^"'° Z"^- 

^  o  J       J  o  quests  made 

king''s  two  brothers,  while  she  was  at  Eridge,  the  lord  Bur-  by  the 
gavenie's  house,  in  Waterdon  forest  in  Sussex.     The  one  baLTdor^to' 
was  for  a  safe  conduct  for  the  new  king  of  Polonia,  for  him- the  queen, 
self,  his  ships,  and  train,  (among  the  which  should  be  4000 
soldiers,  Gascoigns,)  to  be  well  used  in  any  of  her  majesty's 
ports,  if  by  tempests  any  of  them  should  be  driven  into  any 
her  coasts.    Which  suit,  although  it  were  reasonable,  where  Epist.  Com. 
good  meaning  were  sure,  (as  the  lord  treasurer  wrote  in  ^offiTAr- 
letter  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbvuy,  August  the  10th,)  yet  atmor. 
this  time,  for  many  respects,  it  was  very  suspicious  :  and  yet 
in  the  end  the  same  was  granted.     But  when    that  king 
should   take  his  voyage,   was  then  uncertain:  for  they  at 
the  English  court  heard   from  Polonia,  that  although  he 
were  chosen  by  one  number,  yet  another  number  were  not 
thereto  agreeing.    And  that  thereto  the  Muscovite,  the  king 
of  Sweden,  and  some  said  the  emperor,  (who  were  all  com- 
petitors at  the  election,)  did  give  great  furtherance  to  con- 
tinue the  disaccord. 

And  the  said  lord  treasurer  added,  that  there  were  some.ieaionsy  of 
at  court  had  entered  into  some  jealousy,  that  at  this  time  the  ^^  l^^fv  . 
ambassador  had  dealt  very  earnestly  for  the  queen  of  Scots  land  com- 
going  to  Buxton  wells,  and  withal,  for  a  safe  conduct  forggfs\yjt^ 
the  said  king's  entry  into  this  realm,  having  such  a  number  ^'^  "^^T- 
of  soldiers  and  ships.     But  (as  though  himself  were  one  of 
those  jealous  persons)  he  thanked  God,  that  his  lordship 
[the  earl]  was,  with  his  charge,  far  enough  from  any  ports. 
And  yet,  as  the  time  occasioned,  he  advised,  that  his  lord- 
ship might  be  more  circumspect  with  secresy,  without  note 
to  her  or  hers. 

The  second  suit  of  the  French  ambassador  was,  for  a  like  A  safe  con- 
safe  conduct  directly  for  the  duke  d'AleuQon  to  come  to  the  f^^  d-Aien- 
queen's  majesty,  ere  long  to  be  at  Dover.     But  thereto  such  ^o"- 
answer  was  given  to  discomfort  the  wooer,  [the  said  duke,] 


368       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    that  the  lord  treasurer  thought  that  surely  he  would  not 
^'        come.    And  that  as  yet  he  was  sure  none  was  granted. 
Anno  1573.      The  French  ambassador  also  solicited  for  favour  to  be 
The  Scot-    she^yed  to  the  Scottish  queen,  who  now  pretended  to  be  in- 

tish  queen  '  '  * 

desires  to    disposed  as  to  her  health,  or  really  was  so :  and  therefore 

foD^wei"'''  desired  she  might  have  liberty  to  go  to  Buxton  wells.     This 

request  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  that  had  the  charge  of  her, 

signified  to  the  lord  treasurer  in  the  month  of  August :  and 

though  it  was  not  thought  safe  to  permit  it,  in  the  midst  of 

such  plottings  for  her  escape,  and  that  the  French  had  now 

a  navy  and  force   upon   the    seas,   ready   to  conduct   the 

French   king's  brother  into   Poland;  yet  it  was   granted. 

Order  to      upon  cautiou  givcu  to  the  said  earl,  to  be  very  watchful  of 

the  earl  of  j^^j.  jj^  }^gj.  journev  thither.    For  thus  did  the  said  treasurer 

Shrewsbury         .  i  .  r^^i         i  i     i  i         i 

for  the  said  WTitc  to  hmi :  "  That  he  was  now  commanded  by  the  queen 
queen's  go-  u  ^^  ^^j.-^^  j.^  j^j^^     ^y^^^  gj^g  ^^g  pjcascd,  that  if  his  lordship 

ing  thither.  '  .  , 

24Q  "  should  think  he  might  without  peril  conduct  the  queen 
"  of  Scots  to  the  well  of  Buckston,  according  to  her  most 
"  earnest  desire,  his  lordship  should  do ;  using  such  care 
"  and  respect  for  her  person  to  continue  in  his  charge,  as 
"  hitherto  his  lordship  had  honourably,  happily,  and  ser- 
"  viceably  done.  And  that  when  he  should  determine  to  re- 
"  move  with  the  said  queen  thither,  it  were  good,  that  as 
"  little  foreknowledge  abroad,  as  might  be  conveniently, 
"  were  given.  And  that  nevertheless,  for  the  time  that  she 
*'  should  be  there,  all  others,  being  strangers  to  his  lord- 
"  ship's  company,  should  be  forbid  to  come  thither,  during 
"  the  time  of  the  said  queen's  abode  there.  This  he  writ, 
"  as  he  added,  because  her  majesty  was  very  unwilling  she 
"  should  go  thither  :  imagining,  that  her  desire  was,  either 
"  to  be  more  seen  of  strangers  resorting  thither,  or  for  the 
"  achieving  of  some  further  enterprise  to  escape.  But  on  the 
"  other  part  the  lord  treasurer  subjoined,  that  he  told  the 
"  queen,  that  if  in  very  deed  her  sickness  were  to  be  re- 
"  lieved  thereby,  her  majesty  could  not  in  honour  deny  her 
"  to  have  the  natural  remedy  thereof.  And  that  for  her 
**  safety,  he  knew  this  earl  would  have  sufficient  care  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  369 

"  ree-ard.     And  so  her  maiesty  commanded  him  to  write  to    CHAP. 
"  his  lordship,  that  he  might  conduct  that  queen  thither  \     '  ' 


"  and  also  to  have  good  respect  to  her.     And  that,  accord--^ "no  1573. 
"  ing  to  this  her  majesty's  determination,  the  French  am- 
"  bassador,  being  with  her  at  the  lord  Burgavenie's  house, 
"  had  received  knowledge  from   her  majesty  for  the  earl 
"  thus  to  do." 

While  this  queen  was  here,  at  Buxton  well,   the  lord  Lord  tiea- 
treasurer  Burghley  went  thither  also  for  his  health.    Which  trciixtoit 
gave  occasion  to  the  queen  to  suspect  that  otherwise  wary  well- 
nobleman  ;   (especially  happening  to  be  there  also  a  year  or  jp^f(,|j"^j|f" 
two  after;)  as  though  he  came  thither  on  purpose  to  ingra-iiim. 
tiate  himself  with  that  queen.     But  hereby  he  incurred  his 
mistress's  great  jealousy  and  displeasure.     For  some  of  his 
enemies   at   court   took  this  opportunity  to  put  into  the 
queen's  head,  that  he  came  there  with  some  such  intent. 
Which  that  good  lord  had  enough  to  do  to  remove,  and  to 
persuade  the  queen  otherwise  of  him  a  good  while  after.    In- 
somuch, that  he  declined  an  honourable  motion  that  the  earl 
of  Shrewsbury  had  propounded  to  him,  of  a  match  between 
one  of  his  sons  and  the  said  treasurer's  daughter.      Lest,  if 
he  should  have  listened  unto  it  at  that  juncture,  it  might 
have  increased  the  queen's  suspicion  of  him.    This  I  find  in 
a  letter  of  this  lord's,  to  that  earl,  in  the  year  1575. 

The  continual  jealousy  and  fear  at  court  now  was,  of  the  The  fears  at 
Scottish  queen's  being  conveyed  away  out  of  the  earl's  cus-  Scottish 
tody,  to  whom  the  queen  had  committed  her,  and  of  that  fi"een's  es- 
earl's  watchfulness  and  fidelity  in  this  his  charge.    This  will 
appear  by  a  secret  conference  that  happened  between  Dr. 
Wylson,  master  of  the  requests,  and  the  earl's  son,  then  at 
court ;  occasioned  by  the  remove  of  that  queen  to  Sheffield. 
Which  he  communicated  to  his  father,  in  a  private  letter 
written  in  May,  "That  two  days  ago,  Dr.  Wylson  told  May  in. 
"  him,  he  heard  say,  that  his  lordship,  with  his  charge,  was 
"  removed  to  Sheffield  lodge ;  and  that  he  asked  him,  whe- 
"  ther  it  were  so,  or  no.?    To  whom  he  answered,  that  he 250 
"  heard  so,  that  his  lordship,  with  his  charge,  was  gone 
*'  thither  of  force,  till  the  castle  [Tutbury  castle]  could  be 

VOL.  IT.  B  b 


370       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  cleansed.     And  that  further,  the  said  Wylson  willed  to 
know,  whether  his  lordship  did  so  by  the  consent  of  the 


Anno  1573. u  (,Qyjjj.j}  qj.  nyt ?  He  answered,  he  knew  not  that;  but 
"  that  lie  was  certain  his  lordship  did  it  on  good  ground." 
And  then  he  earnestly  desired  Wylson  of  all  friendship  to 
tell  him,  whetiier  he  had  heard  any  thing  to  the  contrary  ? 
Which  the  other  did  swear,  he  never  did.  But  that  the  rea- 
son he  asked  was,  because  he  said  once,  that  lady  should 
have  been  conveyed  from  that  house.  Then  the  lord  George 
told  him,  what  great  heed  and  care  the  said  earl  his  father 
had  to  her  safe  keeping,  especially  being  there.  That  good 
numbers  of  men,  continually  armed,  watched  her  day  and 
night,  both  under  her  windows,  over  her  chamber,  and  on 
every  side  of  her.  That  unless,  said  he,  she  could  transform 
herself  into  a  flea  or  a  mouse,  it  was  impossible  she  should 
escape. 

At  this  same  time,  Wylson  shewed  him  some  part  of  the 
confession  of  one ;  (but  who  he  was,  or  when  he  did  confess 
it,  he  would  in  nowise  tell  him :)  that  that  fellow  should 
say,  he  knew  the  queen  of  Scots  hated  the  said  earl  deadly, 
because  of  his  religion,  being  an  earnest  protestant ;  and  all 
the  Talbots  else  in  England,  being  all  papists,  she  esteemed 
of  them  very  well.  And  that  this  fellow  did  believe  verily. 
The  Tai-  all  we  Talbots  did  love  her  better  in  our  hearts,  than  the 
queen's  majesty.  And  this  Wylson  then  told  the  said  earl's 
son,  because  he  should  see,  what  knavery  there  was  in  some 
men  to  accuse.  Then  he  charged  the  said  lord  Gilbert,  of 
all  love,  that  he  should  keep  this  secret:  which  he  pro- 
mised. Notwithstanding,  considering  he  would  not  tell  him 
who  this  fellow  was,  he  willed  a  friend  of  his,  one  Mr. 
Fi'ancis  Southwel,  (who  was  very  great  with  Dr.  Wylson,) 
to  know  (among  other  talk)  who  he  had  last  in  examina- 
tion. And  he  understood,  that  this  was  the  examination  of 
one  at  the  last  sessions  of  parliament,  and  not  since.  But  he 
could  not  yet  learn  what  he  was. 
Scottish  That  unhappy  queen,  as  indeed  she  confided  much  in  the 

on  Leicestir  interest  she  had  in  the  hearts  of  a  great  many  of  the  Eng- 
as  her  rne-  ]ij^}^  nobility  and  gentry,  so  she  would  point  sometimes  at 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  371 

her  enemies.     In  which  rank  she  reckoned  chiefly  the  earl    CHAP. 
of  Leicester.     Of  which,  in  communication  by  letter  be-^_^___ 


tween  that  earl  and  the  earl  of   Shrewsbury,  the  former  Anno  1573. 
understood :  being  advertised  thereof  from  some  talk  that 
happened  between  that  queen  and  him,  concerning  her  ene- 
mies.    Leicester,  upon  this,  beseeched  his  lordship  to  be- 
friend him  so  much  as  to  gather,  as  near  as  he  could,  the 
reason  thereof.     And  withal  he  confessed,  "  That  he  was  Epist.  Com. 
"  a  true  and  careful   servant  to  his  own  sovereign,  and  o^"*"^"^  "* 
"  therein  had  a  respect  to  none  other.     Yet  that  this  he'"'^''- 
"  might  truly  say,  that  he  had  been  no  aggravater  of  that  His  words 
"  queen's  cause,  neither  a  hinderer  of  any  favourable  incli-°"  occasion 
"  nation  that  at  any  time  he  had  found  in  the  queen''s  ma- 
"  jesty  towards  her.     Neither  will  I  rob  her  majesty  (as  he 
"  proceeded)  of  her  due  desert,  but  must  confess,  that  her 
"  own  goodness  hath   more  natural  consideration  of  that 
"  queen,  than  all  the  friends  she  hath  beside  are  able  to 
"  challenge  thanks  for.    And  as  I  am  bound  to  be  most 
"  careful  for  the  safety  and  preservation  of  mine  own  so-  25 1 
*'  vereign  every  way;  so  neither  have  I  been,  nor  am  I,  any 
"  practiser  to  do  ill  offices  against  any  others.     And  right 
"  sorry  have  I  been,  when  any  cause  hath  been  given  the 
"  queen's  majesty  to  be  moved,  or  to  alter  those  good  and 
"  princely  dispositions,  which  I  have  sundry  times  known 
"  her  framed  unto.     And  before  such  time  as  these  causes 
"  have  barred  me  so,  as  in  duty  I  could  not  be  a  dealer,  I 
"  think  I  was  rather  thought  a  friend  than  an  enemy ;  and 
"  of  some  too  much.     Though  I  knew  best,  I  was  but  as  I 
"  ought;  and  so  mean  I  to  remain."     Thus  that  earl  en- 
deavoured to  set  himself  in  a  better  opinion  with  that  queen : 
who  would  soon  be  acquainted  with  all  this  by  the  earl  her 
keeper.     But  in  the  end,  he  beseeched  the  said  earl  of 
Shrewsbury  to  let  him  know,  what  cause  was  now  suppos- 
ed :  being  content  to  take  upon  him  his  own  fault ;  but  to 
have  to  do  with  none  other. 

And  whereas  the  queen  had  a  little  before  sent  certain  The  queen's 
special  messages  to  Shrewsbury,  concerning  a  careful  look-  X^  g^f^^  *^f 
ing  to  that  queen,  by  her  special  order  given  to  Leicester ;  Shrews- 

B  b  2  '""''• 


372      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   he  now  assured  him,  that  (to  be  plain  with  him)  he  knew 
no  other  grounds,   than   was    dehvered   him   by  her  own 
Anno  1573.  mouth.     Nevertheless,  as  he  added,  he  perceived,  that  he 
had  need  to  look  well  about  him  :  for  there  were  many  eyes 
upon  him.     Howbeit,  one  thing  his  lordship  might  take 
comfort  in;  that  he  found  her  majesty  continued  his  assured 
good  and  gracious  lady,  and  that  she  held  still  her  wonted 
good  opinion  of  him.     This  was  dated  from  the  court,  the 
10th  of  December. 
A  plot  to         Cunning  plots  seemed  the  next  month  to  be  hatching  in 
bring  Uie     ^|^g  north,  by  the  Scottish  queen's  favourers,  to  bring  the 
Shrewsbury  earl  of   Shrewsbury  into  distrust  and    disgrace  with   the 
cr'rMe.'*'      queen ;  out  of  hopes  thereby,  that  he  might  be  discharged 
from  the  custody  of  her.  This  business  was  managed  chiefly 
by  two  persons  that  went  for  ministers  and  divines,  viz. 
Haworth,  and  one  Corker,  the  earl's  chaplain.    The  charge 
against  the  earl  seemed  to  be  either  matter  of  treachery  or 
carelessness.    The  information  whereof  was  brought  u})  to 
the  court,  and  came  unto  the  queen's  ears.     This  bred  a 
great  disturbance  to  the  faithful  earl,  when  he  heard  of  it. 
And  for  the  clearing  of  himself,  despatched  a  message,  in 
the  month  of  January,  to  the  earl  of  Huntington,  president 
of  the  council  at  York,  and  another  to  the  earl  of  Leicester 
at  the  court. 
President  of     Some  papers  there  were  in  the  hands  of  the  earl  of  Hun- 
vriterto^    tington,  that  might  have  been  of  good   use  to  \dndicate 
iiini  there-  Shrewsbury,  and  which  he  now  sent  for.     But  they  could 
"'**  '          not  be  found  by  him  :  and  upon  recollection,  he  thought  he 
had  torn  them,  upon  account  of  their  secresy,  and  that  by 
the  said  earl  of  Shrewsbury's  commandment.     But  like  a 
friend  he  advised  him,  not  to  let  that  matter  trouble  him 
more  than  it  required ;  not  doubting  of  his  provident  fore- 
sight in  looking  to  his  charge.     And  then,  said  he,  let  the 
Devil  and  his  instruments  do  their  worst.    "  For  my  part," 
as  he  added  in  his  letter,  "  you  shall  be  sure  I  will  have 
"  some  care  that  way  also.   [That  is,  of  any  attempts  l)y  pa- 
"  pists  made  in  those  parts  of  the  north,  for  rescuing  the 
"  Scottish  queen.]    And  if  I  hear  any  thing  worthy  your 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  373 

knowledge,  you  shall  speedily  be  advertised.  And  I  trust    CHAP. 

^  Y  \/  I 

ye  shall  see  the  papists  of  the  north,  a  crooked  measure, 


"reasonably  met  withal.     They  seek  to  deceive  all  men, ^"^""0  1573. 
"  but  I  doubt  not  they  shall  be  first  deceived  themselves."  ^^"^ 
This  he  wrote  from  York,  the  18th  of  January. 

The  queen,  soon  suspecting  it  to  be  a  falsehood,  andThequeeo 
wicked  design  against  the  earl,  gave  a  commandment  to  the  them,*^  and 
earl  of  Leicester  for  the  apprehension  of  those  two  mi- """'lers  an 

^  ^  .        examination 

nisters ;  who  pretended  themselves  voluntarily  to  be  gomg  of  tiiem. 
up  with  their  information.  Which  Leicester  acquainting 
Shrewsbury  Avith,  and  that  he  should  take  them  up,  and 
send  them  to  him ;  Shrewsbury  answered,  that  he  verily 
thought  they  were  come  to  London  by  that  time :  and  that 
he  thought  fit  neither  to  stay  them,  nor  use  any  extraor- 
dinary speech  or  dealing  with  them ;  and  to  sufler  them  at 
liberty  to  return  up  unto  the  council,  unto  which,  as  they 
said,  they  had  occasion  to  make  their  speedy  repair :  no- 
thing doubting  on  his  part,  but  that,  upon  due  examination 
of  them,  they  should  plainly  appear,  as  they  were,  vile, 
wicked  varlets,  and  shameful  slanderers  of  true  religion. 
Nevertheless,  he  told  the  earl  of  Leicester,  he  would  cause 
diligent  search  to  be  made  in  places  in  the  country  where 
they  were  most  likely  to  haunt.  And  if  they,  or  any  of 
them,  could  be  found,  he  would  with  all  diligence  take  or- 
der for  the  sending  them  up,  according  to  her  majesty's 
pleasure.  And  then,  in  a  great  sense  of  gratitvide  to  the 
queen,  added,  "  That  he  thought  himself  much  bounden 
"  unto  her  majesty,  for  that  her  highness''  pleasure  was,  to 
"  have  them  thoroughly  examined  and  tried :  whereby  their 
"  falsehood  might  be  known  ;  and  so  himself  to  be  esteemed, 
"  as  he  doubted  not  he  should  be,  of  her  majesty,  as  he  had 
"  deserved,  her  true  and  faithful  servant  in  all  parts  of  his 
"  duty;  and  wherein,  as  he  proceeded,  he  trusted  in  God  to 
"  end  his  life,  against  the  wicked  practices  of  all  false  var- 
"  lets,  with  their  maintainers." 

He  concluded  this  his  letter  to  the  earl  of  Leicester  with 
these  grateful  and  obliging  words;  "  That  he  saw  his  lord- 
"  ship's  dealings  in  all  matters  touching  him,  not  only  like 

B  b  3 


374       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   "a  true  nobleman  unto  her  majesty,  but  also  as  a  very 
^-        <*  kinsman  towards  him.     Whereof  his  lordship  should  well 


Anno  1573."  find  he  would  never  be  unmindful  to  his  power." 
Corker  This  letter,  with  another  to  the  queen,  the  good  earl  of 

fore^Leicesl  Shrewsbury  writ  the  latter  end  of  January.     But  what  was 
t^""-  done  further  in  the  discovery  of  this  wickedness,  (which  it 

His  letter,  g^gj-j^j^^j  ^^s  cloaked  under  the  profession  of  religion,)  the 
earl  of  Leicester's  letter  to  that  nobleman  will  acquaint  us 
with  :  viz.  that  Corker,  Shrewsbury ""s  chaplain,  came  into 
London,  and  repaired  to  Dr.  Wylson,  master  of  requests, 
in  order  to  make  his  information.  Who  forthwith  brought 
liim  to  Leicester's  house  by  Temple-bar.  He  had  skulked 
in  London  for  some  days,  consulting  (as  it  seems)  with  some 
of  his  complottcrs  for  the  better  management  of  their  enter- 
prise :  tliough  he  utterly  denied  it.  The  earl  ordered  him 
to  be  kept  at  Dr.  Wylson's,  till  he  were,  by  her  majesty's 
appointment,  examined.  He  then  made  foul  and  evil  re- 
ports of  Shrewsbury.  But  Leicester  told  the  earl,  that  he 
was  like  to  prove  them,  or  forswear  them,  ere  he  departed  : 
and  withal,  that  the  queen  meant  to  prosecute  his  doings 
by  due  examination  thoroughly ;  and  after  that,  he  should 
receive  according  to  his  deserts.  And  then  the  earl  made  a 
253  reflection  upon  the  credulity  of  Shrewsbury,  and  good  opi- 
nion of  the  religion  of  his  chaplain,  saying,  "  that  his  lord- 
"  ship  might  see  all  was  not  gold  that  glistered :  and  that 
"  many  had  cloaks  for  all  weathers.  And  so  did  this  good 
*'  companion  make  religion  his  countenance,  to  utter  his 
"  knavery." 

As  for  Haworth,  he  was  come  to  Islington.  Whither  Lei- 
cester had  sent  to  apprehend  him.  And  doubted  not,  as  he 
continued  his  letter,  but  his  lordship  should  hear  much  stuff 
to  come  out  of  these  two  devilish  divines. 

1  cannot  trace  this  story  further ;  but  by  the  honourable 
correspondences  of  the  two  earls,  we  may  see  enough  of  the 
intrigues  in  behalf  of  the  Scottish  queen;  and  how  busy  the 
popish  faction  then  was. 

I  do  affect  (as  may  here  and  in  other  places  be  perceived) 
to  take  opportunities,  as  they  offer  themselves,  to  revive  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  375 

memories  of  persons  of  quality  and  figure,  and  preserve  their  CH  A  P. 
characters,  and  divers  memorable  passages  of  their  lives, 


taken  from  their  own  authentic  writings  and   letters.     A  Anno  1573. 
thing  that  may  be  acceptable  to  many. 


""^to 


CHAP.   XXVII. 

Foreign  popish  princes  conspire  to  invade  England.  A 
French  gentleman  at  the  Spaw  gives  information  there- 
of. Papists  fied  abroad,  ccdled  home.  Edxmrd  lord 
Windsor  one  of  these:  his  plea.  Theses  propounded  in 
LoKvahi,  against  the  jurisdiction  of  temporal  princes. 
Bishop  of  Durham'' s  judgment  of  them.  A  commission  in 
every  county.,  to  punish  the  breakers  of  the  orders  of  the 
church  service:  the  bishop  of  Norwich  gives  order  to  his 
chancellor  for  information  of  such.  Several  ministers 
suspended  hereupon  in  the  diocese  of  Norwich :  but  get 
licence  to  catechise  and  preach.  A  letter  upon  this  to 
that  bishop.  He  restrains  them.  The  lady  Huddleston,  a 
great  papist  in  Ely  diocese,  searched  for. 

Notwithstanding  all  the  fair  show  from  abroad  Confedera- 
towards  England,  a  black  cloud  hung  over  it:  and  thep^;°J°^^^ 
dang-er  the  queen  and  state  was  now  in  from  papists  w^as  gainst  the 

.  -r-i  1        />        •  •  1  queen. 

very  great  and  immment.  For  the  foreign  popish  poten- 
tates (the  chief  whereof  was  Philip  king  of  Spain)  had  en- 
tered into  a  league  to  invade  this  land,  and  to  spoil  it  by 
fire  and  sword.  This  was  discovered  by  De  la  Tour,  a 
French  nobleman,  at  the  Spaw,  unto  an  English  gentleman 
there,  named  Bromfield ;  Bochart,  another  French  gentle- 
man, present.  Which  relation  the  said  nobleman  was  moved 
to  make,  out  of  that  high  respect  and  honour  he  had  for  254 
queen  Elizabeth,  and  for  her  particular  favour  and  harbour 
which  she  gave  to  the  poor  persecuted  people  in  their  own 
country,  for  the  religion.  A  particular  relation  of  this,  writ- 
ten by  the  said  De  la  Tour  in  Latin,  I  met  with,  among 
the  Burghleian  papers,  to  this  purport. 

B  b  4 


376       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        "  That  the  lord  De  la  Tour,  bound  on  many  accounts  to 
^"        "  the  queen  of  England,  in  regard  of  her  hospitality  shewn 


Anno  1573."  to  all  the  refugees  of  France,  for  the  word  of  God ;  and 
Discovered  u  esteeminff  the  benefits  by  her  maiesty  bestowed  upon  all 

by  De  la  ^  .        -'  •'       -;    .  ^ 

Tour  to  an  "  the  brethren  professing  the  same  religion  to  be  common 

^rntiemau  "  ^^  '^"^^  ^"^  ^^^  ^^^  French  exiles  in  Germany,  or  in  any 

at  the         "  other  part  of  the  world ;  that  he  being  at  the  Bath  near 

P*^^-         u  Aquisgrane,  [Aix  la  Chapelle,]  and  holding  some  dis- 

"  course  with  a  certain  English  baron,  and  having  thereby 

"  come  to  the  knowledge  of  somewhat  that  concerned  the 

"  safety  of  the  whole  kingdom  of  England,  he  would  not 

"  conceal  it.     But  hearing  that  a  certain  noble  knight,  a 

"  captain  of  the  queen''s  guards,  was  in  the  Spaw,  he  thought 

"  it  his  duty  to  certify  the  said  officer,  being  a  person  very 

"  devoted  to  her  majesty,  of  certain  matters,  which  a  great 

"  many  princes  were  contriving,  and  endeavouring  to  bring 

'*  to  pass  against  the  kingdom  of  England,  and  of  the  man- 

"  ner  by  which  they  thought  to  invade  it  on  every  side. 

"  And  first,  among  these  confederates  against  her  ma- 
"  jesty  it  was  agreed,  that  the  king  of  Poland,  [the  French 
"  king's  brother,]  feigning  to  prepare  a  fleet  for  Poland,  on 
"  the  maritime  parts,  should  convert  his  arms  against  the 
"  kingdom  of  England ;  and  on  a  sudden,  if  he  could,  in- 
"  vade  some  port  of  England.  And  that,  as  at  the  same 
"  time,  the  Scots,  persuaded  by  the  cardinal  of  Lorain,  with 
"  a  very  great  army,  consisting  partly  of  French,  partly  of 
"  Scots,  should  break  into  England.  And  on  the  other 
"  part,  the  fleets  of  the  king  of  Spain  and  of  France,  being 
"  joined,  should  attempt  to  seize  some  port  in  England.  At 
"  which  time,  the  duke  D'Alva,  with  the  aid  of  the  bishop 
"  of  Colein  and  other  bishops,  and  of  the  duke  of  Bavai-ia, 
"  with  10,000  foot  out  of  Flanders,  resolved  to  wage  war 
"  with  the  (|uecn  of  England.  And  to  the  waging  of  that 
"  war,  the  antichrist  of  Rome,  the  king  of  Spain,  and 
"  the  above-said  bishops,  and  the  antichristian  order  of  all 
"  France,  consisting  of  all  the  prelates  and  papists  of  that 
••'  kingdom,  did  combine.  And  lest  the  courage  of  all  the 
"  confederates  should  ((uail,  the  cardinal  of  Lorain,  whose 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  377 

"  hopes  have  devoured  the  kingdom  of  England  in  favour    CHAP. 
"  of  his  niece,  the  queen  of  Scots,  had  promised  to  yield 


"  the  pay  of  30,000  men,  for  one  year.    Which  nation  he  Anuo  1573. 
"  hoped  shortly  to  set  at  liberty  out  of  the  hands  of  the 
"  queen''s  majesty. 

"  From  the  premises  especially,  it  was  to  be  conjectured, 
"  that  there  were  many  favourers  of  this  most  wicked  con- 
"  juration  in  England,  and  induced  by  D'Alva  and  the  car- 
"  dinal  by  money  and  promises,  to  take  their  part  among 
"  the  English  as  soon  as  they  should  see  some  armies  in 
"  Endand.  And  that  tlie  said  baron  seemed  to  think  this, 
"  Avhen  he  told  him,  that  when  first  the  army  should  be 
"  transported  into  England,  it  should  seize  some  place  or 
"  town  which  might  be  fortified  with  a  wall  and  a  ditch,  to 
"  be  held  so  long,  till  men  should  come  together  from  all 
"  parts  of  England,  and  join  themselves  with  this  army."  25 5 
And  then  the  paper  concluded  thus ;  "  That  these  things 
"  were  related  to  him,  William  Bromfield,  by  the  lord  De 
"  la  Tour :  present  the  nobleman  Steven  Bochart,  lord  Du 
"  Menillet,  the  11th  day  of  August,  1573.     Signed, 

"  Will.  Bromfield. 

"  S.  Bochart. 

"  Bertrand  de  la  Tour." 

For  church  matters  here  at  home,  the  queen  saw  it  high  Prociama- 
time  to  provide  for  the  security  of  the  religion  reformed,  f|,°",^  ^^^ 
and  established  in  her  realm.     And  therefore  issued  out  g|"nst  pa- 
proclamations  in  favour  of  it,  both  against  the  papists  and  puritans, 
the  puritans  also.     September  the  28th,  a  severe  proclama- 
tion went  forth  against  traitors  [namely,  papists]  that  were 
fled  out  of  the  realm,  and  against  a  great  number  of  mali- 
cious libels  printed  against  the  government  and  the  queen's 
chief  counsellors.  Another  proclamation  was  set  forth,  Octo- 
ber the  20th,  against  the  despisers  and  breakers  of  the  or- 
ders prescribed  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer.     The  like 
to  another  set  forth  June  the  11th,  before.    Both  which  are  ^jfe  ^f 
set  down  in  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Parker.    These  two  last  Archbishop 

11  •  Parker, 

looked  chiefly  towards  the  puritans.  book  iv.  ch. 

xxiv.  xxxiii. 


378       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        And  because  all  English  papists,  being  the  queen's  sub- 
•        jects,  now  abroad,  were  commanded  to  come  iiome,  upon 


Anno  1573.  pain  of  treason,  some  pretended  conscience  for  abiding  abroad 
^u*^  ^]^'.^]\^ "^  catholic  countries,  that  they  might  have  the  liberty  of 
ed  home,  hearing  mass,  professing  still  their  loyalty  to  the  queen. 
Their  pre-   Qj^g  ^f  these  was  Edward  lord  Windsor.  Who  for  that  pur- 

tence  of  go-  i     /»  t     •  i  i     i? 

ing  out  of  pose  wrote  earnest  letters  to  the  earl  of  Leicester,  the  earl  oi 
England,  gygsex,  and  the  lord  admiral;  shewing  both  the  cause  of  his 
Windsor's  departure,  and  withal  desiring  the  queen's  leave,  being  come 
letter  Sept.  i^yj^^p   to  eniov  his  conscience.     That  to  the  earl  of  Sussex 

5.  Titus,  B.  .      . 

2.  was  writ  in  September  :   Avherein   he  thus  apologizeth  for 

himself;  "  That  he  was  constrained  to  make  trial  of  his 
"  good  lords  and  friends,  among  whom  he  made  account  of 
"  his  good  lordship ;  that  he  had  written  to  the  lord  admi- 
"  ral  the  causes  at  large  that  enforced  him  to  take  that  hard 
"  course  and  fortune,  with  desire  to  shew  the  same  to  him 
"  and  the  earl  of  Leicester,  as  three  of  the  noblest  managers 
"  in  this  our  commonwealth  ;  the  rather  to  advertise  his 
"  lordship  of  the  causes  aforesaid,  in  that  his  sudden  al- 
"  teration  of  his  present  return  home,  not  to  be  without 
"  eminent  danger  to  himself;  although,  as  God  knew,  no 
*'  success  in  equity  but  his  conscience.  That  his  humble 
"  suit  now  was,  but  to  require  his  lordship,  with  the  rest,  to 
"  be  a  mediator  unto  the  queen's  majesty,  not  to  condemn 
"  him,  but  to  account  of  him  as  one  of  her  loyal,  faithful, 
"  and  loving  subjects,  in  all  matters,  saving  that  was  due 
"  unto  Almighty  God ;  and  with  her  majesty's  favour,  to 
"  live  there  [abroad]  or  elsewhere  :  always  shewing  himself 
"  an  humble,  careful,  and  obedient  subject,  touching  her 
"  majesty  and  the  realm,  salva  la  consclentia.  And  thus 
*'  humbly  ending.  From  St.  Thomas,  the  5th  of  Sept. 
"  1573.    Subscribing, 

"  Your  lordship's  poor  friend, 

"  Edward  Windesor." 

256  Another  of  these  fugitives,  that  went  and  tarried  abroad 
'^''"' ^"li'^' for  the  sake  of  his  religion,  but  professing  also  profound 
gitivc,  a      loyalty  to  the  queen,  was  Tho.  Coply,  whom  our  historian 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  379 

sheweth  to  have  received  much  countenance  and  honour   CHAP. 

from  two   great    neighbouring   princes ;    viz.   the  king  of '__ 

Spain;  who  ennobled  him,  and  gave  him  the  tide  of  ^rm;^ Anno  1573. 
master  of  the  Macs,  and  lord  of  Gatton,  and  set  him  forth  ^'^'J^p°"^^'" 
to  sea,   to  make  prize  both  of  the   Enghsh  and  Nether- 
landers  in  the  year  1575.    And  he  was  recommended  to  the  Camd.  Eiiz. 

„  ,     ,  .         ,       ,r  -r^         -r    1     -1  11  1  p.  208  and 

French  kmg  by  \aux,  Don  Jolm  s  secretary;  who  honoured  220. 
him  with   the  dignity  of  knighthood,   and  title  of  baron, 
about  the  year  1577. 

A  person  of  his   character  some  may  be  inquisitive  to  His  petition 
know  more  of.     Some  further  account  of  him  I  give  from  ^°^  hl^^"^^" 
his  own  writings  and  letters.     In  this  present  year  1573,  he  lands, 
sent  a  petition  to  the  queen,  for  restoring  to  him  his  manor 
Df  Gatton  in  Surrey  :  which  came  to  the  queen  by  his  trea- 
son ;  as  appears  from  the  survey  of  the  queen's  manors.  He 
had  been  now,  as  the  petition  imported,  five  years  abroad, 
and  had  put  himself  in  the  king  of  Spain's  service,  and  was 
at  that  time  there :  urging,  that  it  was  the  necessity  he  was 
reduced  to,  by  the  queen's  seizing  upon   his  estate,  that 
made  him  do  so.     That  he  had  a  wife  and  seven  children. 
And  concerning  that  service,  he  said  plainly,  that  during 
the   time  he  was  by  his  catholic  majesty  entertained,   he 
must  and  would  serve  with  all  fidelity  and  loyalty,  as  be- 
came him,  both  for  the  honour  of  himself  and  his  nation. 

His  estate  was  seized  for  going  beyond  sea  without  spe- His  plea  for 
cial  licence.  For  which,  he  said,  his  learned  counsel  assured  yo'„"/sea,' 
him  not  to  be  unlawful,  by  reason  of  his  freedom  in  the 
staple ;  which  gave  him  liberty  to  pass  and  repass  the  seas 
at  his  pleasure. 

He  urged  likewise  in  his  own  behalf,  that  during  his  be- 
ing beyond  sea,  he  had  behaved  himself  dutifully  and  quietly 
every  way :  that  no  person  living  could  charge  him  with  any 
disloyal  or  undutiful  fact.  He  spake  of  the  very  hard  deal- 
ings used  to  him  at  home,  together  with  his  friends  and  ser- 
vants. And  requested  of  the  queen  pardon  for  his  de- 
parture to  Antwerp  without  her  leave ;  and  for  whatsoever 
offence  beside  his  enemies  might  have  surmised  against  him, 
for  mahce  to  his  person,  or  love  to  his  livings :  and  to  afford 


380       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    him  her  gracious  licence  to  remain  for  so  many  years,  as 

'        should  please  her  majesty,  in  the  parts  beyond  the  sea,  with- 

Anuo  io73.jf,  g^gh  catholic  State,  as  her  majesty  should  best  like  of. 
Conveys  iiis  And  as  this  gentleman  requested  the  queen  for  his  li- 
hi's'-r  "^  ""^^^^^^y  ^^  staying  abroad  upon  protestation  of  his  loyalty,  so 
likewise  for  the  restoring  to  him  his  estate  on  the  same  ac- 
count. For  this  purpose  he  shewed,  how  he  had  conveyed 
his  lands  before  his  going  away.  And  he  thought  it  was  so 
lawful  a  conveyance,  that  it  could  not  be  entered  upon. 
And  that  he  ought  not  by  law  to  lose  it.  And  then  he 
prayed  the  queen  to  clear  her  virtuous  conscience,  (as  he 
expressed  it,)  for  the  withholding  of  his  living. 

The  next  year,  1574,  by  the  queen''s  ambassador,  Dr. 
Wylson,  then  at  Brussels,  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley  (who 
was  related  to  him,  and  his  friend)  sent  an  overture  to  him, 
that  in  case  he  would  withdraw  himself  from  thence,  and 
live  in  Germany,  there  should  an  allowance  be  made  him, 
and  some  good  portion  of  his  living. 
257  The  English  court  seemed  to  expect  some  discoveries 
Overtures    fj-^jy,  \^\^^  .  ^yj^Q  ^y^g  i^  gome  rcpute  in  those  parts.    And  in 

sent  to  him  _  ■•  '■ 

by  the  another  of  his  letters  he  professed  all  duty  to  the  queen  : 
bassador!'"  ^"^  ^^  wished  to  God  he  had  occasion  offered  to  his  affection 
and  zeal  to  her,  to  testify  it,  with  the  shedding  of  his  blood. 
And  he  seemed  to  comply  with  the  lord  treasurer's  motion 
sent  by  Dr.  Wylson,  of  departing  from  those  parts.  For  in 
another  letter,  he  desired  him  speedily  to  work  his  desired 
despatch.  And  the  more  frank  and  liberal  his  dealing 
should  appear  towards  him,  the  more  should  be  his  bond ; 
and  the  more  his  shame,  if  being  so  favourably  restored  to 
the  service  of  his  natural  sovereign,  he  did  not  from  thence- 
forth employ  the  best  of  his  forces,  to  the  yielding  and 
answering  all  duties  that  might  be  expected  of  an  honest 
man,  both  in  respect  of  his  allegiance  and  grateful  acknow- 
ledgments, 
riomiseth  His  cause  still  hangs,  the  court  yet  dubious  of  him,  not- 
to  make      withstandino;  all  his  fair  words  and  protestations.     For  I 

discovery.  o  i  _  _ 

find,  in   the  year  1577,   Dr.  Wylson  still  tampering  with 
him.     To  whom   lie  jiromisctii   now  to   shew  himself  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  381 

queen's  true  subject,  and  to  make  discovery:  who  had  re-    CHAP, 
quired  him  to  be  plain  and  faithful  in  his  dealings. 


But  this  calling  home  of  her  subjects  was  necessary  at  Anno  1573. 
this  juncture,  in  respect  of  the  foreign  popish  conspiracy 
above  mentioned.  And  the  queen  might  justly  refuse  to 
suffer  them  to  remain  in  Spain,  where  this  lord  was,  or  in 
Flanders,  where  her  popish  subjects  commonly  abode ;  be- 
cause of  those  dangerous  principles  they  sucked  in  there, 
against  the  queen's  government,  especially  in  spirituals.  As 
in  Lovain,  (where  a  great  many  English  retired  for  their 
studies,  as  well  as  others,)  these  theses  in  the  university 
there  were  propounded  some  years  before  this ;  making  it 
unlawful  for  the  civil  magistrate  to  have  any  thing  to  do  in 
ecclesiastical  matters.  They  were  printed  there,  and  were 
as  follow : 

QucBstio  theologica. 
Num  civilis  magistratus,  in  his  quae  fidem  et  religionem  Theses  pm- 
concernunt,  subsit  potestati  ecclesiasticas,  et  eidera  teneatur  lovain. 
in  his  obedire. 

'  Sicut  misit  me  Pater,  et  ego  mitto  vos.    Joan.  xx. 
Amen,  dico  vobis,  quaecunque  alligaveritis  super 
terram,  erunt  ligata  et  in  ccelo :  et  quaecunque 
Propos.  \       solveritis  super  terram,  erunt,  &c.    Matt,  xviii. 
Obite  praepositis  vestris,  et  subjacete  eis.  Heb.  xiii. 
Reddite  quae  sunt  Caesaris  Caesari,  et  quae  sunt 
Dei  Deo. 

Conclusio  1. 
Discrimen  igitur  est  inter  civilis  et  ecclesiastici  magistratus 
potestatem,  in  hoc  constitutum;  ut  civilis  magistratus  ha- 
beat  jus  et  authoritatem  praecipiendi  ea,  quas  ad  extemam 
morum  justitiam,  et  temporalis  vitae  quietem  ac  tranquillita- 
tem  pertinent.  Sacer  vero  magistratus  supremam  habeat  et 
absolutam  authoritatem  praecipiendi  ea  quae  ad  Dei  justi-258 
tiam  et  futuri  saecuU  felicitatem  spectant.  Qui  ob  id  civili 
est  multo  sublimior  et  praestantior.  Et  proinde  civili  nequa- 
quam  subditus. 

Conclusio  2. 
Quemadmodum  igitur  corpus  subest  et  sul)servit  anima? 


382      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    in  hac  mortali  vita,  ita  et  authoritas  prophani  magistratus 
^'        subesse  et  subservire  debet,  in  hac  eadem  mortali  vita,  po- 


Annoi573.testati  ecclesiasticae  in  his  quae  fidei,  rehgionis  et  Dei  sunt. 
Adeo  ut  qua^cunque  ad  profectum  rehgionis  Christianae  a 
legitimis  ecclesiae  praefectis  rite  decreta  sunt  et  constituta, 
non  tantum  teneatur  ipse  magistratus  civihs  ilhs  obedire, 
sed  et  co-operari,  ut  efFectum  sortiantur  ;  subditos  authori- 
tate  sibi  a  Deo  tributa  ad  eorum  observationem  compellan- 
do ;  contumaces  vero  et  inobedientes  suo  modo  puniendo : 
nee  ahas  leges  ferre,  aut  aliter  potestate  uti,  quam  fidei  et 
religioni  expediat. 

Conclusio  3, 
Non  est  igitur  potestatis  civilis,  constituere  pastores,  doc- 
tores,  presbyteros,  aliosque  ecclesiae  ministros,  aut  praescri- 
bere  eis  leges  ministrandi ;  seu  impedire,  ne  proprio  fungan- 
tur  officio.  Unde  recte  patres  in  concilio  Triden.  statuerunt, 
nefas  esse  cuilibet  seculari  magistratui  prohibere  ecclesiast.ico 
judici,  nequem  excommunicet ;  aut  mandare  ut  latam  ex- 
communicationem  revocet ;  etiani  sub  praetextu,  quod  omnia 
quae  idem  concilium  praescribit  in  excommunicatione  obser- 
vanda,  non  essent  observata ;  cum  non  ad  saeculares,  sed  ad 
ecclesiasticos  haec  cognitio  pertineat. 
Conclusio  4. 
Erant  igitur  qui  dicunt,  principum  esse  supplere  negli- 
gentiam  praesidum  ecclesiae  in  purganda  ea  a  falsa  doctrina 
aut  falso  cultu.     Cum  potestatis  civilis  non  sit  judicare  de 
scripturis  et  fidei  dogmatibus,  aut  discernere  veram  doctri- 
nam  fidei  a  falsa;  sed  solius  potestatis  ecclesiasticae.     Cui 
indefectibilitas  fidei  a  Christo  permissa  est. 
The  bishop      These  Lovanian  conclusions  were  conveyed  to  the  bishop 
of  Dur-       Qf  Durham,  who  thouy-ht  fit  to  transmit  them,  enclosed  in 

ham's  judg-  .  .  .... 

luent  of  his  letter,  to  sn-  William  Cecil,  secretary  of  state,  with  his 
these  con-  ju^jgj^^gnt  of  them  in  these  words:  "  I  have  sent  your  ho- 
"  nour  such  conclusions  as  be  disputed  at  Lovain,  and  sent 
"  over  hither.  Wise  men  do  mervail,  that  polity  can  suffer 
"  such  seed  of  sedition :  although,  for  trial  of  the  doctrine, 
"  it  were  not  amiss  to  hear  the  adversary,  what  he  can  say ; 
"  vet  that  doctrine  being  received,  and  the  contrary  suffered 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  383 

"  to  be  spread  abroad,  to  the  troubling  of  the  state,  in  my    CHaP. 
"  opinion,  is  dangerous.     God  turn  all  to  the  best.     But 


"  surely  evil  men  pike  much  evil  out  of  such  books,  even  Anno  1573. 
"  against  the  polity." 

Against  any  polity,  indeed,  but  especially  against  the  po- 
lity of  England,  where  the  laws  of  the  land  make  the  prince 
svipreme,  as  well  in  all  causes  spiritual  as  temporal :  on 
which  foot  the  reformation  of  religion  in  this  kingdom 
stood.  And  these  doctrines  and  opinions,  vented  and  main- 259 
tained  in  these  countries,  effectually  tended  to  make  the 
queen's  subjects  there  disloyal  to  their  sovereign,  turbulent 
and  seditious  to  the  state;  and  therefore  there  was  great 
reason  to  call  for  them  home. 

As  for  the  queen's  subjects  in  Ireland,  the  pope  took  care  An  Irish 
to  continue  them  tight  to  his  chair,  by  supplying  that  king- ^^1,^^^^^}  jjj_ 
dom  with  Irishmen  in  orders,  priests  and  bishops ;  who  si^op  »* 
were  to  swear  all  duty  and  allegiance  to  him  in  the  highest 
degree,  against  all  that  should  oppose  the  see  of  Rome. 
And  he  appointed  and  nominated  bishops  for  the  sees  there. 
Some  of  them  were  consecrated  at  Rome.  One  of  these, 
whose  name  was  Dermic  O  Clier,  was  consecrated  there  this 
year,  1573,  March  12,  (the  second  year  of  pope  Gregory 
XIII.)  bishop  of  Maion,  in  the  province  of  Tuam.  The 
which  consecration  was  performed  by  cardinal  Sanctorius, 
upon  that  pope's  command,  or  oracle,  as  his  word  was 
styled;  vivcB  vocis  oracido.  The  original  instrument  or  bull 
of  this  Irish  bishop's  consecration,  by  some  means  or  other, 
was  taken,  and  sent  over  into  the  English  court.  Which  I 
have  seen  among  the  papers  of  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley. 
Wherein  is  certified,  that  before  his  consecration  he  so- 
lemnly swore  obedience  to  the  pope,  according  to  the  cus- 
tom and  manner  of  popish  bishops,  viz. 

"  That  from  that  hour,  as  before,  he  would  be  faithful 
"  and  obedient  to  blessed  Peter,  and  the  holy  church  of 
"  Rome,  and  to  his  lord,  pope  Gregory  XIII.  and  to  his 
"  successors;  and  that  he  should  discover  any  practices  that 
"  might  be  prejudicial  to  the  rights,  honours,  privileges,  &c. 
"  of  the  Roman  church,  and  hinder  them  as  much  as  he 


384       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  could.     That  the  decrees  of  the  holy  fathers,  their  rules, 

•        "  ordinances,  reservations,  &c.  he  should  keep.     And  that 

Anno  1573. «  he  should  prosecute  heretics,  schismatics,  and  rebels  to 

"  our  lord  the  pope  and  his  successors,  &c.    And  that  if  he 

"  should  know  any  thing  prejudicial  to  the  rights  and  pri- 

"  vileges  of  the  see  of  Rome  to  be  attempted,  he  should  hin- 

"  der  them  as  much  as  he  could ;  and,  as  soon  as  he  might, 

"  signify  the  same  to  the  same  his  lord,  or  some  other,  by 

"  whom  it  might  come  to  his  knowledge,"  &c.     This  whole 

instrument,  at  length,  will  be  found  carefully  transcribed  in 

Number      the  Appendix.     I  only  observe  in  this  oath  several  obliga- 

xxvii.      tions  additional,  which  were  not  in  the  oaths  imposed  upon 

other  bishops  formerly ;  as*  may  appear  by  the  customaiy 

oath  taken  by  Cranmer.     See  his  Life.     Thus  this  clause  is 

Memor.  of  added,  which  is  not  there :  viz.  "  I  shall  not  suffer  any  thing 

Archbp.      a  preiudicial  to  the  rijjhts  and  privilco-es  of  the  Roman  see; 

Cranmer.  tr     J  _  o  i  o 

Append.  "  and  if  any  such  things  shall  be  attempted,  I  shall  hinder 
"°*  '  ■  "  them  as  much  as  I  can;  and,  as  soon  as  I  can,  shall 
"  signify  the  same  to  the  same  our  lord,  or  to  some  other, 
"  by  whom  it  may  come  to  his  knowledge.  The  rvdes  of 
"  the  holy  fathers,  the  decrees  and  ordinances,  reservations 
"  or  dispositions,  promises  and  commands  apostolical,  with 
"  my  whole  power  I  shall  observe,  and  cause  them  to  be 
"  observed  by  others.  Heretics,  schismatics,  and  rebels  to 
"  the  said  our  lord  and  his  successors,  I  shall,  according  to 
"  my  power,  prosecute  and  impugn."  This,  with  other 
clauses,  are  not  in  the  oath  taken  by  the  said  archbishoj), 
nor  sworn  to. 
260      For  the  more  effectual  stopping  of  the  variety  used  in  the 

The  council  pyjjijj,  Jivinc  scrvicc  of  the  church,  and  thereby  to  prevent 

to  the  com-  ^  .  .  .      s^ 

raissioners  mucli  Strife  and  contention,  a  letter  was  written  in  Novem- 
for  uni-      1       1^    ^l^g  privy  council,  to  certain  chosen  commissioners  in 

formity,ana  '  . 

executing  every  shire,  for  the  execution  of  a  late  proclamation  for  uni- 
that  pur-  formity  of  religion  and  common  prayer,  by  way  of  Oyer  and 
pose.  Terminer.     This  met  with  papists  as  Avell  as  disaffected  pu- 

ritans.    It  was  penned  by  secretary  Smith,  as  appears  by 
the  hand  in  the  minutes ;  and  was  as  follows : 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  385 

"After  our  right  hearty  commendations.  The  queen's  CHAP, 
majesty  being  much  grieved  to  understand,  that  in  divers  ^^^^^' 
places  of  this  reahn  there  is  much  diversity,  and  there- Anno  1573. 
upon  contentions  and  strifes  risen,  about  the  rites  and  ce- 
remonies of  the  sacraments  and  common  prayer,  hath  of 
late  set  out  an  earnest  proclamation,  as  you  know,  that 
speedy  care  should  be  had  for  the  reformation  of  those 
abuses,  and  preventing  of  further  danger  that  might 
ensue.  The  which  to  be  done  as  carefully  and  seriously 
as  may  be,  her  highness  hath  made  choice  of  you,  as  in 
whom  her  highness  doth  put  special  trust,  that  you  will 
execute  her  gracious  will  and  pleasure  declared  in  that 
proclamation,  according  as  in  the  act  of  parliament  made 
in  the  first  year  of  her  majesty's  reign :  and  yet  ceaseth 
not  still  to  call  upon  us,  to  have  an  eye  to  the  repressing 
of  those  schisms,  contentions,  and  diversities  from  the 
orders  set  forth  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  allowed 
by  parliament,  and  thinketh  every  day  too  long  until  it 
be  done. 

"  Wherefore  we  have  thought  good,  by  these  our  letters, 
to  require  you,  so  soon  as  conveniently  you  may,  to  meet 
and  consult  a  convenient  time  and  place ;  and  that  being 
agreed  upon,  with  all  speed  to  inquire,  and  try  the  of- 
fenders according  to  the  law. 

"  That  her  majesty's  proclamation  may  not  seem  to  be 
neglected  and  frustrate,  nor  the  mischief  suffered  to  pro- 
ceed any  further.  And  what  you  shall  have  done  herein, 
her  majesty's  will  and  pleasure  is,  that  you  shall,  with  all 
convenient  speed  as  you  may,  certify  her  highness,  or  as 
is  appointed  in  the  commission,  by  your  letters:  and  so  from 
time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  serve,  or  that  any  thing  shall 
be  done  by  you  by  virtue  of  the  said  commission.  Wherein 
we  pray  you  not  to  fail :  and  so  commit  you  to  Almighty 
God.     From  Greenwich,  the of  November." 

These  commissions  were  made,  under  the  great  seal  of  The  com- 
England,  to  certain  persons  of  trust  in  the  several  counties  ""f ""  '■ 

o  ■>  r  ^  ^  and  the 

of  the  realm,  whereof  the  archbishops  and  bishops  were  the  queen's 

VOL.  II.  c  c 


386       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    principal,  to  inquire,  hear,  and  determine  especially  of  the  of- 
•        fences  committed  against  the  orders  for  divine  service.  And 
Anno  1573.  the  proclamation  mentioned  above  was  set  forth  in  October: 
thMi'for  d)  whereby  the  queen  Avould  have  the  laws  made  in  her  time 
serving  or-  for  the  order  of  divine  service  observed,  and  the  offenders 
church.       duly  punished.     And  that  these  her  endeavours  might  the 
more  effectually  take  place,  divers  things  to  this  purpose, 
by  her  command,  in  the  said  month  of  November,  were  de- 
clared by  the  lord  treasurer  in  the  Star-chamber.    Which 
Life  of        are  set  down  at  large  in  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Parker. 
Parker,  But  now  see  a  little  the  success  and  issue  of  this  commis- 

P*'*^^*  „  sion  in  Norfolk.  The  justices  in  commission  there,  required 
, .  to  look  after  the  punishment  of  the  despisers  of  the  orders 
of  Norwich  of  the  cliurch,  shewed  themselves  ready  to  execute  the  laws 
hU  Chan-  "pon  them,  but  expected  information  from  the  bishop  and 
ceiior  for     his  officers.     Hereupon  the  bishop  of  Norwich  writ  to  his 

brimming  in  ,,  ,,,,  /»  i        i  •  />     i 

informa-      chancellor,  "  1  hat  tor  the  better  execution  of  the  service 
tions  to  the  u  committed  to  them  by  the  iustices,  touching  the  reform- 

conimis-  _  »'  J  o 

sioners.  "  ing  of  sucli  persons  as  should  be  found  any  way  to  dis- 
"  obey  the  orders  of  the  Book  for  the  Form  of  Common- 
"  Prayer  and  Administration  of  the  Sacraments,  it  was 
"  thought  very  necessary,  that  commandment  be  sent  to  his 
"  archdeacons  and  their  ministers,  that  they,  and  every  of 
"  them,  in  their  several  circuits,  should  give  in  charge  to  the 
"  clergy  and  the  questmen,  to  present  before  them,  between 
"  this  and  the  first  week  in  Lent,  viz.  before  the  first  of 
"  March  next,  the  names  and  surnames  of  all  such  persons 
"  as,  dwelling  within  their  several  parishes,  were  negligent, 
'*  obstinate,  or  any  otherwise  enemies,  or  hinderers  of  her 
"  majesty's  proceedings,  contrary  to  the  said  book,  and  the 
"  statute  provided  in  that  behalf. 

"  He  prayed  and  required  him  therefore,  that  upon  sight 
"  hereof,  he  should  send  forth  his  letters  to  every  of  the 
"  said  archdeacons  and  commissaries,  charging  them  in  his 
"  [the  bishop''s]  name,  that  they  duly  and  with  all  diligence 
"  execute  the  effect  hereof;  and  to  return  such  certificate 
"  to  the  great  inquest  appointed  to  receive  the  same,  he 
"  being  especially  by  them  requested  to  have  it  so.     And 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  387 

"  herein  he  prayed  them  to  use  their  hest  diUgence,  and  to   CHAP. 
"  move  the  said  commissaries  to  the  hke,  as  every  of  them       '^ 


"would  answer  the  contrary  at  their  perils."     This  was  Anno  1573. 
dated  from  Ludham,  the  30th  of  January,  1573. 

Many  ministers  in  this  diocese,  being  found  unconform-  Some  sus- 
able  upon  this  inquisition,  were  suspended  by  the  bishop  ^^"Jj'^p'Ii'^^q 
from  reading  the  common-prayer  and  administering  the  sa-  cateciiize 
craments ;  as  may  be  seen  more  particularly  m  Archbishop  phesy. 
Parker's  Life,     But  yet,  thinking;  to  make  use  of  them  still  ^'^'^  °^ 

„  .  .  Archbishop 

m  the  great  want  of  preachers  to  instruct  the  people  in  that  Parker, 
great  diocese,  the  bishop  seemed  to  have  permitted  some  of  P"'*^'^' 
them  to  catechize  the  younger  sort,  and  io  prophesy  in  those 
exercises  set  up  in  divers  places,  or  winked  thereat.  But  this 
was  thought  to  have  been  done  amiss,  by  some  in  the  com- 
mission aforesaid,  as  confirming  these  men  in  their  want  of 
conformity.  Therefore  one  of  them,  and  he  of  some  emi- 
nence, (but  concealing  his  name,)  sent  his  judgment  and 
advice  to  the  bishop,  in  a  letter,  to  this  tenor ;  (which  de- 
serves to  be  set  down  at  length,  for  giving  more  light  in 
this  matter :) 

"  My  duty  unto   your   lordship  humbly   remembered.  Epist.  Joh. 
"  Whereas,  sithence  my  last  being  with  you  at  Norwich,  I  Nonv. 
"  have  been  advertised,  that  divers  ministers  within  your  dio-  '^''^^- ''°''' 

Kpisc* 

"  cese  in  this  county  of  Norfolk,  for  their  disorderly  usage  Eiien. 
"  in  not  observing:  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer  set  forth  by  ^°^  ^^  ^.''*' 

o  J  J  commission 

*'  the  queen's  majesty,  or  for  their  contemptuous  preaching  writes  to 
*'  or  speaking  against  it,  contrary  to  the  queen's  highness' j^'^i^'^'^'^il'ij 
"  laws,  proclamations,  and  direct  commandments  given  in  permission. 
"  that  behalf,  are  by  your  lordship  and  your  officers  se-2o2 
"  questered,  as  well  from  saying  the  common-prayer  or  mi- 
"  nistering  the  sacraments,  as  also  from  preaching,   until 
"  they  will  submit  themselves,  and  live  as  it  becometh  good 
"  and   obedient   ministers   and    subjects  in  that  function. 
"  Wherein,  for  that  part,  your  lordship,  in  mine  opinion, 
*'  have  done  very  well ;  if,  as  I  am  credibly  given  to  un- 
"  derstand,  your  lordship,  or  your  officers,  had  not  given  to 
*'  divers  of  them  toleration,  or  licence  to  catechize  in  their 

(•  c  2 


388       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  parish  churches,  and  to  use  the  exercise  of  prophesying 
"  in  the  open  congregation  :  which  sufferance  and  permis- 


Anno  1573."  gJon  is  ctcl  oppos'itum,  and  greatly  offensive.  For  whoso- 
"  ever  should  be  admitted  to  instruct  and  teach  in  the  nii- 
"  nistry  ought  to  be  modest,  no  quarrellers,  first  proved ; 
"  and  then  to  minister,  if  they  be  blameless.  But  these, 
"  being  proved  and  tried,  shew  themselves  stubborn  and 
"  obstinate  to  the  whole  state,  and  disobedient  ministers  or 
"  subjects,  crossing  the  prince''s  authority  and  laws ;  tiiink- 
"  ing  themselves  wiser  than  the  whole  realm  is  besides,  as  it 
"  seemeth. 

"  Surely,  my  lord,  such  like  are  not  to  be  tolerated,  or 
"  suffered  to  teach,  or  use  any  exercise  in  the  church,  until 
"  they  openly  shew  an  humble  submission,  and  conform 
*'  themselves  to  the  order  prescribed  by  her  majesty. 
"  Wherefore,  your  lordship  shall  do  well  to  wink  no  longer 
"  at  them,  but  presently  to  restrain  them  wholly,  until  they 
"  will  reform  themselves.  Wherein  your  lordship  shall  shew 
"  yourself  a  good  pastor,  and  avoid  further  inconveniences, 
"  that  otherwise  will,  or  are  like  to  ensue,  as  is  much  to  be 
"  feared.  And  if  further  complaint  shall  hereupon  arise,  it 
"  is  not  unlike  but  that  your  lordship's  lenity  and  suffer- 
"  ance  shall  be  imputed  to  be  the  whole  or  chief  offence 
"  that  may  succeed  thereof.  And  thus  being  bold,  as  your 
"  lordship's  wellwisher,  to  inform  you  of  that  which  I  think 
*'  is  not  fully  or  at  all  known  unto  you,  I  leave  further  to 
"  trouble  you :  beseeching  God  to  send  you  your  own  good 

"  heart's  desire.     From ,  the  6th  of  March,  73. 

"  Your  lordship's,  to  his  little  power, 

"  Joined  in  commission  with  you,  N.  N." 

The  bishop  took  well  this  seasonable  and  friendly  admo- 
nition from  this  gentleman  in  the  same  commission  with 
himself;  especially  also  understanding  that  complaints  be- 
gan to  be  made  of  this  his  sufferance.  Whereupon,  the 
very  next  day,  without  further  delay,  he  sent  to  his  chan- 
cellor, to  give  order  for  the  restraint  of  this  liberty :  signi- 
The  bishop  fying  to  him,  "  That  he  heard,  that  some  of  those  ministers 

orders  bis 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  389 

**  that  were  suspended  from  the  administration  and  serving    CHAP. 
"  in  their  cures,  were  notwithstanding  bold  to  preach  in      ' 


^^  prophesies,  and  to  catechize,  and  therein  dealt  more  libe-Anno  1573. 

"  rally  than  was  convenient ;  whereby  offence  was  taken,  ^''^-est"""^ 

"  and  he  [the  bishop]  was  advertised  thereof.     For  remedy  them. 

"  and  restraint  whereof,  he  required  him,  that  in  his  name, 

"  either  by  his  letter  or  otherwise,  he  should  send  forth- 

"  with   unto   his   four  commissaries,    charging   them,  and 

"  every  of  them,  that  they  call  before  them  all  such  of  the 

"  clergy  in  their  several  jurisdictions  as  had  been  suspended 

"  for  causes  aforesaid,  or  given  over  their  livings,  straightly  263 

"  charging  such  persons  henceforth  not  to  attempt  either 

"  to  preach,  or  prophesy,  or  to  speak  to  the  congregation 

"  by  way  of  catechizing ;  unless  such  person  or  persons  did 

"  first,  before  the  said  commissary,  subscribe,  or  otherwise 

"  openly  promise  to  submit  himself  to  the  order  and  con- 

"  formity  appointed.     And  if  any  person  should  contemn 

"  their  said  charge,  the  same  to  be  certified  to  him,  [the 

"  bishop,]  or  other  the  said  commissioners,  to  be  otherwise 

"  enti'eated,  as  the  cause  should  deserve.     And  herein  he 

"  wished  his  chancellor,  for  his  own  part,  and  his  other 

"  officers,   to  use  all  their  best  endeavours.     And   so  he 

"  wished  him  well  to  fare.     Dated  from  Ludham,  March 

"  the  7th,  73." 

And  to  prevent  further  addresses  to  the  said  bishop  in  His  letter 
behalf  of  these  ministers,  but  the  next  day,  upon  some  oc-  *°  ^  ^^^c  ^' 

'  J '      r  man,  a  fa- 

casion  writing  to  Mr.  Will.  Heydon,  a  gentleman  of  good  vourer  of 
quality  in  those  parts,  and  a  favourer  of  these  preachers,  nisters.  ' 
but  in  the  said  commission,  the  bishop  shewed  him  how  ne- 
cessary it  was  now  no  longer  to  suffer  them,  or  wink  at  their 
preaching ;  hinting  his  own  danger,  and  the  notice  that  was 
taken  at  it :  viz.  "  That  he  thought  good  to  let  him  under- 
"  stand,  that  he  had  received  sundry  letters,  as  well  from 
"  some  in  authority  as  from  some  of  the  best  worship  there, 
"  signifying,  that  the  suffering  of  such  persons  as  were  sus- 
*'  pended,  to  preach,  to  prophesy,  and  to  catechize,  was 
"  cause  of  abuse  and  offence  to  some :  and  the  same  being 
"  spoken  of,  and  misliked  of  some  in  authority,  he  [the  bi- 

cc3 


390       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  shop]  heard  of  it  hardly  ;  and  that  he  was  constrained  to 
"  restrain  the  same,  unless  he  would  willingly  procure  his 


Anno  1673."  own  danger.  That  he  had  therefore  sent  out  command- 
"  ment,  that  none  such  as  were  suspended,  or  had  willingly 
"  given  up  their  livings,  should  be  suffered  to  speak  in  pro- 
"  phesy  or  otherwise,  as  is  aforesaid,  until  such  person  do 
"  so  conform  himself  to  the  ordinances  of  the  church  esta- 
"  blished  by  authority,  and  do,  before  the  commissary  of 
"  that  circuit,  promise  the  same  by  word  or  subscription." 

And  then  addressing  himself  to  Mr.  Heydon :  "  Let  not 
"  this  seem  strange  to  you,  I  pray  you :  for  the  matter  is 
"  of  importance,  and  toucheth  me  so  near,  as  less  than  this 
"  I  cannot  do,  if  I  will  avoid  extreme  danger.  And  to  pre- 
"  vent  your  purpose  in  writing  or  coming  over  in  this  case, 
"  I  do  by  these  most  heartily  pray  you,  as  a  commissioner 
"  put  in  trust,  to  assist  me  in  this  behalf,  and  not  contrari- 
"  wise  to  persuade;  since  this  purpose  is  necessary,  and 
"  looked  for  at  both  our  hands :  and  being  a  thing  so  rea- 
"  sonable,  I  cannot  perform  my  duty  if  I  shall  neglect,  or 
"  partially  wink  at  such  doings."  And  so  leaving  him  to 
Almighty  God,  with  his  hearty  commendations,  subscribed 
himself  his  assured  friend  in  Christ.  Dated  from  Ludham, 
March  8,  1573. 

The  qvieen's  proclamation  beforesaid,  against  desplsers  of 
the  orders  of  the  church,  and  absenters  from  the  public  ser- 
vice of  it,  looked  towards  papists  as  well  as  others ;  and  ac- 
cordingly those  in  commission  proceeded  according  to  law 
The  com-    against  them.     At  this  time,  a  certain  popish  lady,  the  lady 
caiT'forT    Huddlcston,  inhabiting  in  the  diocese  of  Ely,  was  one  of 
liopish  lady,  these,  avoiding  coming  to  church;  and  now,  upon  this  in- 
264 quisition,  absenting   herself   from    her  house:    and   being 
greatly  suspected  to  contemn  the  order  of  religion  settled, 
the  bishop  of  Ely,  and  commission  there,  being  about  to 
send  for  her,  she  removed  herself  into  another  diocese,  to  a 
place  called  Harling  hall  in  Norfolk,  a  great  harbour  for 
papists.     This  the  said  bishop  signified   to  the  bishop  of 
Norwich,  and  what  a  dangerous  person  she  was,  and  that 
he  would  do  well  to  use  his  endeavour  to  take  her.     Ac- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  391 

cordingly,  the  bishop  (in  whose  diocese  she  now  was)  framed    CHAP, 
a  letter  to  Ashfield,  an  active  justice  of  peace  in  those  parts, 1 


not  knowing  any  more  convenient  way  to  have  her  appre-'f^"no  1573. 
hended,  than  to  desire  him  to  take  the  pains,  either  to  travel 
himself  to  Harling  hall,  where  she  was,  or  else  to  cause  her 
by  his  letters  to  come  before  him ;  where  she  might  lay  in 
good  bonds  with  sureties  of  her  appearance  before  the  bishop 
of  Ely,  or  other  the  high  commissioners,  to  answer  such 
matters  as  she  might  be  charged  withal:  which  perhaps 
might  fall  out  (as  he  wrote)  worse  than  they  knew  of.  For 
surely,  as  the  bishop  added,  there  is  a  wicked  nest  of  them 
together,  as  he  had  been  informed  He  further  excited  the 
said  justice,  by  telling  him,  "  that  his  travail  herein  would 
"  be  acceptable  to  God,  and  profitable  to  the  common- 
"  wealth."     This  was  writ  Feb.  18. 

But  he  being  justice  of  peace  for  Suffolk,  and  Harling 
hall  lying  in  Norfolk,  he  could  not  meddle  therein ;  desir- 
ing only  sufficient  warrant,  and  then,  he  said,  he  would  be 
ready,  not  only  to  fetch  that  lady,  but  any  other  papist 
whatsoever  within  either  of  the  two  shires:  praying  his 
lordship  to  follow  this  matter,  which  was  so  well  begun. 
The  issue  was,  that  the  bishop  (as  he  wrote  to  the  bishop 
of  Ely)  procured  a  warrant  under  three  of  their  hands  that 
were  commissioners,  to  call  the  lady  Huddleston  to  answer 
her  disobedience.  And  the  rather,  because  there  was,  as 
he  said,  a  wicked  brood  at  that  house,  that  ought  to  be 
looked  to. 


c  c  4 


392       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
1. 

Anno  1573. 
265 


Sampson 
writes  to 
the  lord 
treasurer 
for  ca  re- 
formation 
in  church 
gjovern- 
ment. 


March  the 
8th. 


His  letter. 

MSS. 

13iirshlian. 


CHAP.  XXVIII. 

Chief  puritans.  Sampson  and  Bering  check'ed.  Their  let- 
ters and  apologies :  for  a  reformation  of  the  church'' s  go- 
vernment :  and  against  the  civil  power  and  lordship  of 
bishops.  Their  solicitations  of  the  lord  treasurer  to  fur- 
ther their  discipline.  Sampsoii's  intercession  for  his  Iws- 
pital:  and  for  Mr.  Heton.  Bering  brought  into  the 
.  Star-chamber  for  xvords.  His  letter  to  the  lord  treasurer 
thereupon.  Articles  required  of  him  to  subscribe.  Other 
articles  of  inquiry^  for  Mm  to  answer.  Moor,  of  Nor- 
zvich,  confutes  Br.  Pern's  sermon.  Mr.  Cartxcright.  An 
order  from  the  commission  ecclesiastical  for  seizing  him. 

But  especially  it  was  thought  very  necessary  to  provide 
for  the  peace  of  the  church,  and  due  observation  of  the 
worship  of  God,  against  the  puritan  faction,  by  reason  of 
the  great  opposition  made  by  divers  of  their  eminent  men 
this  year,  as  well  as  of  late,  against  it.  Whereof  Sampson, 
master  of  an  hospital  in  Leicester,  was  one.  Who  for  that 
cause  was,  several  years  before,  deprived  of  the  deanery  of 
Christ's  Church,  Oxon.  This  man  made  now  an  address  for 
mending  the  church's  government,  and  to  take  directions 
from  Bucer's  book,  Be  Regno  Christi,  (whereof  he  sent  him 
an  epitome,)  for  that  purpose.  He  was  now  taken  with  the 
palsy,  and  nevertheless  (in  March)  writ  this  earnest  letter 
(though  by  the  hand  of  another)  to  the  lord  Burghley,  as 
one  of  the  last  (perhaps)  he  should  write:  prefacing  the 
same,  That  it  had  pleased  God  to  take  from  him  motum  of 
half  his  limbs,  though  not  sensum;  which  was  the  cause 
why  he  then  used  the  hand  of  another  in  writing  to  his 
lordship.  And  that  though  this  disease  was  to  him  evan- 
gelium  mortis;  and  that  he  thanked  God  in  Christ  Jesus 
he  was  ready  at  his  call  to  depart  in  peace,  and  leave  all 
things  in  this  world  behind  him ;  yet  that  he  was  con- 
strained, ere  he  went,  to  trouble  his  lordship  with  two 
things  \  which  did  so  prick  him  forwards,  that  he  could  not 
be  satisfied  but  in  moving  his  lordship  in  the  same:  because 
in  the  one  he  might  discharge  his  duty  toward  the  church 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  393 

of  Christ,  as  in  the  other  his  duty  towards  a  dear  friend  of  CHAP, 
his,  (which  being  more  private,  I  shall  be  silent  of  it  here.)  '_ 


Concerning  the  former,  thus  he  expressed  his  zeal:  "My  Anno  1573. 
"  good  lord,  pro  Christo  Domino  dominantium  rogo^  ob- 
"  sccro,  that  there  may  be  a  consideration  had  of  the  state 
"  of  the  church  of  England.  The  doch'iiie  of  the  gospel  is 
"  and  may  be  purely  preached  in  England.  Everlasting 
"  praise  be  to  his  Majesty  for  it.  But  the  government  of 
"  the  church  appointed  in  the  gospel  yet  wanteth  here. 
"  The  doctrine  is  good,  the  government  by  him  appointed 
"  is  good.  These  are  to  be  conjoined,  and  not  separated. 
"  It  is  a  deformity  to  see  the  church  of  Christ,  professing 
"  his  gospel,  to  be  governed  by  such  canons  and  customs  266 
"  as  by  which  Antichrist  did  rule  his  synagogue.  I  know 
"  there  is  now  a  great  stir  about  this  matter.  Much  writ- 
"  ing,  and  little  help.  Yea,  of  much  writing  ariseth  much 
"  gall,  and  many  other  odd  questions,  frivolous  and  offen- 
"  sive.  Nee  er'it finis  qucEstiomim,  so  long  as  these  conten- 
"  tions  are  on  foot.  An  end  there  would  be :  a  good  end 
"  the  Lord  Jesus  send.  My  lord,  this  matter  of  reforming 
"  the  state  of  the  government  of  the  church  was  in  hand  in 
"  the  days  of  king  Edward.  Yea,  his  father,  after  the 
"  abolishing  of  the  pope's  tyranny,  thought  it  necessary  to 
"  be  considered  of.  And  therefore  the  law  of  the  thirty 
"  commissioners  was  made;  which  was  also  renewed  in  king 
"  Edward's  days.  And  something  was  done  then  in  con- 
"  eluding  of  canons  for  this  purpose. 

"  In  this  time  also,  that  learned  Martin  Bucer  did  write  Bucer's 
"  a  book  of  this  matter  to  that  godly  king,  entitling  it  Z>e^°°^'°^ 
"  Regno  Christi.     I  was  so  bold  the  last  year,  to  write  to  christi, 
"your   lordship  of  it,   desiring  you    to   read   it.      There r^™^*^'^ 
"  shall   you    see   what    wanteth    of   the    full    kingdom   of  "tended. 
"  Christ  in  this  church  of  England.     But  because  I  know 
"  your  many  affairs  do  call  you  so  diversely,  that  you  can 
"  hardly  find  leisure  to  read  any  long  tracts,  therefore  I 
"  have  sent  your  lordship  an  epitome  of  it,  drawn  fideliter 
"  et  siiccinete.     The  long  tract  De  Matrimonio  et  Divortiis 
"  I  have  on  purpose  left  out ;  for  his  opinion  in  divorces  I 


394      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  cannot  approve.     But  otherwise,  your  lordship  shall  sec 
"  him  so  well  and  so  fully  set  forth  the  wants  of  the  things 


Anno  1573. "  of  Christ''s  kingdom  in  this  kingdom,  that  your  lordship 
"  shall  see  what  is  wanting,  and  what  is  to  be  had  and 
"  planted.  He  that  concludes,  that  to  have  the  church  go- 
"  verned  by  meet  pastors  and  ministers  taketh  away  the  au- 
**  thority  of  Christian  magistrates,  is  by  Bucer  sufficiently 
"  confuted. 

"  My  lord,  I  beseech  you  read  it ;  and  I  beseech  you 
"  again,  take  the  matter  to  heart.  It  is  the  cause  of  Christ 
"  Jesus,  and  of  his  church :  it  toucheth  men''s  souls.  My 
"  lord,  if  you  consider  deeply,  how  from  time  to  time  God 
"  hath  dealt  with  you,  surely  I  know  you  will  confess,  that 
"  you  are  bound  to  do  the  best  to  set  Christ  in  his  chair  in 
"  this  church  of  England  ;  that  as  he  teacheth  us,  so  he 
*'  may  rule  and  govern  us.  True  and  diligent  ministers  of 
"  the  word,  attending  their  flock,  as  Acts  xx.  are  means  to 
"  make  to  God  a  holy  people,  and  to  the  queen's  majesty 
"  good  subjects.  Help,  my  lord,  this  good  work  of  the 
"  Lord  your  God.  So  shall  you  serve  him  that  is  Rex 
"  regum:  and  he  will  acknowledge  that  you  have  done  him 
"  good  service,  when  you,  and  all  kings,  and  all  lords  shall 
*'  appear  before  him,  to  be  judged  of  that  you  have  done  in 
"  your  office. 

"  Bucer  wrote  his  book  in  England,  being  but  a  stranger; 

"  yet  of  England  most  aptly,  touching  the  state  of  it,  to 

"  the  king  of  England:. but  by  report  of  his  familiars  in 

"  Cambridge.     And  they  were  the   same  which   are  now 

a  Grindai.    "  arclibishops  of  York  a  and  Canterbury  b,  bishop  of  Lon- 

« Sand'^s      "  done,  Bradford,  and  such  like.     I  know  not  what  confer- 

"  ence  they  had  with  him  when  he  made  the  book ;  but  I 

"  am  sure,  that  since  his  death,  in  private  talk,  they  have 

'*  much   approved  his  book.     Let   therefore  this  book  of 

"  Bucer  be  called  in  question  among  them  that  aliqidd  me- 

267  "  lius  constitnatur,  ct  nequkl  in  proxirna  sijnodo  asperins 

"  constitnatiir.  Which  I  fear,  unless  your  lordship  do  help,"' 

&c.     Concluding,  "  Good  my  lord,  use  your  authority  for 

"  the   glory  of   Christ,  and    the    peace  and  good  of  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  396 

"church.     You  cannot  employ  your  authority  in  a  better    CHAP. 

"VXVTTT 

"  cause,  nor  in  better  service.     And  of  the  Lord  Jesus  you 1^ 

"  shall  receive  the  reward  of  a  faithful  servant."     Subscrib-  Anno  1673. 
ing,  "  Your  humble  suppUant  and  poor  orator  in  et  pro 
"  Christo  Domino^ 

"  Tho.  Sampson." 

To  this  exhortation  the  lord  treasurer  gave  a  gentle  andTheiord^ 
Christian  answer,  signifying,  that  he  liked  well  of  his  mo- ^^J'^^^";."  * 
tion,  but  that  he  could  not  do  that  good  which  either  Samp- 
son would,  or  others  thought  he  could.  Which  Sampson 
followed  with  another  more  pressing  one ;  and  explammg 
his  meaning  more  plainly,  to  be  for  such  a  reformation  of 
the  regiment  of  the  church,  as  the  wholly  laying  aside  of  all 
doctors,  proctors,  chancellors,  officials,  and  other  ecclesiasti- 
cal officers  belonging  to  the  bishops,  that  exercised  jus  ca- 
nonkum,  1.  e.  papisticum.  This  whole  letter,  in  answer  to 
the  lord  treasvirer's,  may  be  read  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Book  iv. 

•'  N".  93. 

Life  of  Archbishop  Parker. 

If  he  meant,  (as  he  seemeth  to  do,)  that  the  regiment  of 
the  church  was  to  be  reformed  by  laying  aside  bishops  and 
their  superiority,  and  setting  in  the  room  thereof  an  equality 
of  ministers,  Buccr  is  evidently  against  him  ;  who,  in  the 
said  book,  propounding  to  king  Edward  VI.  that  religion 
might  be  restored,  and  the  church  of  Christ  be  planted  and 
watered  with  fit  ministers,  writes  thus :  Nunc  ex  perpetua  Bucer's 

J.  .  1  judgment 

ecclesiarum  observatione,  ah  tpsis  jam  apostoiis,  viaemus,  f^j.  bishops. 

visum  et  hoc  esse  Spiritui  Sancto,  ut  inter  preshyteros,  qui- 

bus  ecclesiarum  procuratio  est  commissa,  unus  ecclesiarum, 

et  totius  sacri  ministerii  cur  am  gerat  singularem  ;  eaque 

ctira  et  solicitudine  cunctis  prceeat  aliis.      Qua  de  causa 

episcopi  nomen,  hujusmodi  summis  ecclesiarum.  curatoribus 

est  peculiariter   attributum.      De  Regno  Christi,  cap.  12. 

pag.  98.      "  Now  from    the   continual  observation  of  the 

"  churches,  and  that  even  from  the  apostles  themselves,  we 

"  see  diat  this  hath  also  seemed  good  to  the  Holy  Ghost, 

"  that  among  the  priests,  to  whom  the  care  of  the  churches 

"  most  especially  hath  been  committed,  one  of  them  take  a 


396      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  singular  care  of  the  churches,  and  of  the  whole  sacred  mi- 
.  "  nistry,  and  have   the  precedency  of  all  the  rest  in  the 

Anno  1573. "  same  care  and  diligence.  For  which  cause  the  name  of 
"  bishop  hath  been  peculiarly  given  to  those  highest  super- 
"  visors  of  the  churches.""  And  again:  Hi  eiiim,  sicut  dig- 
nitate  et  dcmaiidata  prima7'ia  ecclesiarum  soUcitudine,  re- 
Uquos  omnes  sacri  ministerii  ordines  antecedunt,  ita  dehent 
etiam  voluntate  et  studio,  &c.  Ubi  supra,  p.  99-  "  These, 
"  as  in  dignity  and  primary  care  of  the  churches  intrusted 
"  to  them,  go  before  all  the  rest  of  the  orders  of  the  sacred 
"  ministry  ;  so  they  ought  also  in  will  and  application,  in 
"  the  right  administration  of  the  churches,  excel  all  others." 
268  He  speaks  also  in  the  same  chapter  in  approbation  of  the 
three  orders  in  the  ministry,  viz.  of  bishops,  priests,  and 
deacons.  Nor  hath  he  a  word  of  laying  aside  the  episcopal 
and  ecclesiastical  officers,  viz.  chancellors,  officials,  commis- 
saries, proctors,  &c.  only  advising,  (that  the  bishops  might 
not  be  distracted  with  other  business,  but  that  they  might 
wholly  give  themselves  to  the  promoting  of  religion,)  that 
they  should  have  vicars  and  others  of  their  clergy  to  assist 
them,  and  to  take  care  of  other  necessary  affairs  belonging 
to  them. 
Sampson's  This  Sampson,  by  reason  of  his  incompliance  with  some 
f,°^,arj5^^j,g  customs  of  this  church  in  the  public  worship,  was  laid  aside 
hospital  at  from  doing  God  service  therein :  yet  was  of  use  more  pri- 
vately, by  governing  of  an  hospital  in  Leicester ;  preferred 
thereto  by  reason  of  his  former  figure  in  the  churcli  and 
university,  and  suffering  for  the  gospel  by  exile  under  queen 
Mary.  He  was  careful  for  the  good  estate  of  this  hospital, 
having  been  in  great  danger  of  sinking,  by  reason  of  the 
concealers,  but  rescued  by  the  good  lord  Burghley.  Samp- 
son now,  having  drawn  up  a  book,  in  order  to  the  better 
establishment  of  it,  came  up  in  the  month  of  July,  and 
brought  it  to  tliat  lord  to  read  it  over,  and  to  consider  it, 
that  it  might  take  place.  But  now,  having  no  leisure  to 
jieruse  it,  being  ready  to  attend  the  queen  in  her  progress, 
Sampson  excited  him  to  do  it ;  praying  him,  that  it  miglit 
for  that  purpose  be  carried  along  with  him  :  adding,  "  That 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  397 

"  though  this  was  but  a  trifle,  and  such  as,  in  respect  of  his    CHAP, 
continual  and  weighty  affairs,  he  should  not  trouble  his 


"  honour  withal ;  yet   to  beggars,   their  trifle  was   great,  •^nno  1573. 

"  Neither  was  it,  as  his  honour  knew,  accounted  a  trifle  to 

"  hear  and  despatch  the  poor  in  their  poor  suits.     As  he 

"  had  most  favourably,  not  only  undertaken,  but  finished 

"  the  dangerous  cause  of  his  hospital,  as  he  expressed  his 

"  grateful  sense  of  that  good  turn.     And  that  for  it  all  the 

"  poor  there  prayed  for  him,  and  he  with  them,  that  God 

"  would  bless  his  honour.     And  so  humbly  beseeched  him 

"  to  continue  his  favour  and  aid,  to  the  perfect  ratifying 

"  that  which  had  so  well  hitherto  passed  by  his  hands."" 

This  was  dated  from  London,  July  the  25th.     Concluding 

with  his  prayer,  "  That  God  Almighty  would  direct  him  in 

"  all  his  affairs,  to  do  that  which  might  be  pleasing  in  his 

"  sight ;  so  that  his  favour  might  be  to  his  lordship's  com- 

«  fort  and  life." 

I  cannot  but  add  one  thine  more  concerning  Mr.  Samp-  intercedes 

"  1      1  •  •  J  ' "'"  Heton, 

son,  which  happened  this  year ;  namely,  his  compassion  and  a  merchant, 

gratitude  also,  towards  a  very  good  man  and  an  English  [J^^^^^J^^Jj"' 

merchant,  who  had  been,  in  the  time  of  the  exile,  a  very  exiles ;  now 

bountiful   benefactor   unto  Sampson,  and    the  rest  living  JJ^^JJ^^ 

abroad  in  the  time  of  queen  Mary ;  which  prompted  him 

now  very  earnestly  to  interpose  with  the  lord  treasurer  in 

his  behalf,  being  now  aged,  and  reduced  to  straits;  giving 

him  this  account,  both  of  the  person  and  of  his  request. 

He  called  it,  "  A  suit  in  most  humble  wise  for  himself ;  in- 

"  asmuch  as  it  was  for  such  a  friend  to  him,  as  was  alter 

"  ego ;  and  that  merito,  for  that  I  have,  said  he,  been  long 

"  to  him  alte?-  ipse.     The  man  he  meant,  naming  him,  was 

"  that  honest  merchant,  and  in  his  company,  a  right  mer- 

"  chant  and  worshipful,  Mr.  Heton.     That  in  exile  for  the 

*'  gospel,  he  relieved  many  exules  Christi,  and  consumed 

"  himself  greatly :  and  that  piety  planted  in  his  heart  had  269 

^'  kept  him  from  such  courses  as  some  had  kept,  to  their 

"  enriching  worldly.     That  his  place  of  service  his   lord- 

"  ship  knew.    At  plus  ille  et  bonus  senex,  is  to  him  so  dear, 

"  and  his  state  so  much  I  pity,  that  if  I  had  power  to  my 


398       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  will  in  this  behalf,  I  would  not  be  a  petitioner  for  him  to 
^'  "  any  body ;  for  I  know  what  I  owe  to  him.  And  they 
Anno  1573."  which  may,  and  are  some  ways  bound,  as  I  am,  vnW  not, 
"  or  care  not,  though  they  know  as  much  as  I  of  him. 
"  Hoc  unum  I  presume  of  your  goodness  to  do  ;  Avhich  is  in 
"  most  humble  wise  to  beseech  your  lordship  to  be  good  to 
"  him.  The  queen''s  majesty,  of  her  princely  munificence, 
"  is  bountiful  to  many.  If  it  would  please  her  majesty  to 
"  give  to  this  her  good  subject  liberty  to  transport  3,  4,  5, 
"  or  6000  of  English  cloth,  without  paying  of  custom,  his 
"  old  age  should  be  bountifully  sustained  by  her  princely 
"  liberality.'"'  He  added,  "  that  he  did  not,  for  he  dared 
"  not,  desire  his  lordship  to  be  the  means  to  move  and  ob- 
"  tain  this  for  him ;  but  only,  that  if  his  lordship  could  like 
"  of  the  suit  to  be  moved  by  some  other  body  to  her  ma- 
"  jesty,  his  lordship  would  give  it  his  favour  and  further- 
"  ance.  And  if  it  should  please  him  to  like  of  the  same, 
"  and  to  give  his  advice  how  it  should  be  moved,  he  would 
"  follow  his  lordship's  advice  in  the  same  :  for  he  reposed, 
"  he  said,  all  hopes  of  obtaining  only  in  his  good  liking. 
*'  In  fine,  he  humbly  beseeched  his  good  lordship  to  pardon 
"  him.  Amici  ccmsam  ag-o,  tyiriprobi,  apud  te,  Domhie  prce- 
"  stantiss.  sine  apud  quern  nimium  audeo.  But  in  this  he 
"  humbly  submitted  his  request  to  his  wisdom  and  good- 
"  ness." 
Dering,  tiie  Edward  Dering  (of  whom  something  the  last  year)  was 
P""*'*"''"  another  of  these  principal  puritan  ministers;  who  being 
words  in  reader  of  St.  Paul's,  had  in  his  reading  spoken  some  things 
bis  sermon.  ^^^  ^^^^  interpreted  to  reflect  upon  the  magistrate,  and 
tending  to  the  breach  of  the  })eace  of  the  church.  Where- 
upon he  was  forbid  reading,  by  order  of  the  privy  council, 
who  were  offended  with  him.  He  had  a  good  talent  in 
preaching,  and  his  congregation  was  very  numerous :  but  his 
judgment  was  well  known  for  the  bringing  in  a  new  model 
of  government  in  this  church.  On  which  account  he  was 
watched  by  some:  and  some  words  that  fell  from  him  in 
their  hearing  brought  him  to  this  trouble;  though  he  de- 
nied them  utterly,  and  that  they  were  slanders  raised  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  399 

him.     And  indeed,  in  one  of  his  appearances  before  the  at-    CHAP. 

V  WIT  f 

torney-general,  the  bishop  of  London  did  acknowledge  he      ^ 
could  not  accuse  him  thereof.  ^""^^  i^^^* 

In  the  month  of  September  he  addressed  himself  to  the 
lord  treasurer,  (to  whom  he  was  well  known,)  desiring  of 
him  not  to  come  before  their  honours  again,  but  that  he  was 
contented  to  be  judged  by  the  bishops  themselves,  when 
and  where  they  should  command  him  to  appear  ;  only  that 
it  might  not  be  deferred,  that  his  place  might  be  occupied 
either  by  himself  or  some  other;  and  that  he  might  be 
charged  either  with  words  or  doings,  wherein  he  had  abused 
himself:  that  upon  knowledge  thereof,  his  honour  might 
judge  what  he  had  deserved;  a  favour  which  he  would 
deny  to  none.  And  that  if  it  were  so  appointed,  that  he 
should  read  no  more  in  Paul's,  but  faulty  or  faultless,  all 
should  be  one;  then  he  could  but  pray  to  God,  that  he 
would  yet  pardon  his  sins,  who  had  deserved  greater  an-  27 O 
ger.  And  withal,  beseeched  that  lord  to  inquire  after  his 
doings,  till  he'  could  find  but  two  witnesses  that  had  heard 
him  speak  evil.  And  if  God  should  never  give  unto  his 
lordship  so  small  a  warrant  of  his  evil  behaviour,  then  he 
prayed  him  to  stand  his  good  lord :  and  either  to  believe 
his  own  judgment,  who  had  heard  him  sometimes,  or  the  re- 
port of  a  great  number,  who  were  daily  present.  And  in 
fine,  that  he  might  have  that  hberty,  that  in  any  other  place 
where  he  might  be  called,  he  might  preach  without  blame, 
as  it  was  his  duty. 

Thus  he  insisted  upon  his  innocency,  and  challenged  any 
to  accuse  him.  But  we  shall  not  long  hence  find  him  charged 
in  divers  articles  in  the  Star-chamber,  before  the  lords  of  the 
council.  And  for  a  further  vindication  of  himself,  before 
he  should  come  to  answer  there,  he  took  his  pen,  and  wrote 
a  long  letter;  which  he  was  minded  to  send  to  some  one  of 
those  lords,  perhaps  to  the  earl  of  Leicester ;  but  after  deli- 
beration a  day  or  two,  he  concluded  to  send  it  to  the  lord 
Burghley.  He  chiefly  laboured  therein,  to  prove  the  lord- 
ship and  civil  government  of  the  bishops  to  be  unlawful,  and 


400       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    contrary  to  the  scripture ;  as  the  main  thing  he  thought  that 
created  him  enemies.     The  letter,  though  long,  I  will  faith- 


His  letter 
to  tbe  lord 
Burghley. 


1  Tim.  V. 
19. 


Anno  1573. fully  set  down  from  the  original;  wherein  at  large  he  sets 
forth  his  own  case,  and  then  afterwards  his  arguments  from 
scripture  against  that  government. 

"  Grace  and  peace  from  God  the  Father,  Sec.  Bear  with 
me,  I  beseech  your  honour,  though  1  trouble  you,  and 
let  the  cause  of  my  grief  be  the  discharge  of  my  boldness. 
It  behoveth  me  to  discharge  myself  from  the  slanderer, 
lest  the  gospel  should  be  reproached  in  me.  And  it  be- 
hoveth you  to  obey  this  commandment,  Receive  no  accu- 
sation against  a  preacher  without  good  and  sufficient 
witness.  I  know,  my  lord,  you  will  not  do  it;  and  I 
have  good  evidence  of  your  equity  in  this  behalf:  but 
yet  I  am  bold  to  put  you  in  mind  of  the  word  of  Christ, 
which  you  cannot  possibly  remember  too  often.  I  ask  no 
more  than  what  is  due  unto  me,  even  from -her  majesty  ""s 
seat  of  judgment  and  justice.  If  I  have  done  evil,  let 
me  be  punished ;  if  not,  let  me  be  eased  of  undeserved 
blame.  I  crave  no  partiality,  but  I  seek  to  answer,  and 
to  make  you  [i.  e.  this  lord,  and  the  other  of  the  lords  of 
the  privy  council]  judges  of  my  cause,  before  whose  pre- 
sence I  ought  to  fear,  and  whose  steps  of  their  feet  I  do 
humbly  reverence.  And  what,  think  you,  have  I  done, 
if  I  should  be  called,  and  before  your  honours  be  con- 
vinced of  these  pretended  crimes  .'*  With  what  shame 
should  I  hide  my  face  all  the  davs  of  my  life  ?  Where 
were  the  i^joicing  that  I  have  in  God,  in  all  things  that 
he  hath  wrought  by  me.''  Where  were  their  comfort,  that 
have  so  desirously  heard  me.^  AVhere  were  the  good  opi- 
nion of  many,  and  all  the  good-will  you  have  shewed  me  .'' 
I  am  not  so  ignorant,  that  I  see  not  this.  And  therefore 
persuade  yourself  that  I  am  on  a  sure  ground.  Trial 
shall  teach  your  eyes  and  ears  a  truth.  And  to  persuade 
your  heart,  I  give  unto  you  my  faith,  I  cannot  accuse 
myself  either  of  any  thought  of  mind,  in  which  I  have 
not  honoured  the  magistrate,  and  of  word  of  my  mouth, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  401 

in  which  I  have  not  regarded  the  peace  of  the  church.    CHAP. 
And  I  thank  God  of  his  unspeakable  mercy,  that  hath   ^^*^'''- 


"  kept  for  me  this  conscience  against  the  day  of  trouble.        Anno  1573. 

"  If  you  muse  now  how  these  slanders  have  risen,  youS/l 
"  may  easily  know  :  the  malice  of  Satan  is  great  against  the 
"  ministry  of  the  gospel.  I  know  I  have  given  no  cause, 
"  more  than  I  have  confessed ;  and  with  what  words  I  have 
*'  spoken  it,  I  desire  to  be  judged  by  the  hearers.  And  so 
"  much  the  bolder  I  speak  now  unto  you,  because  my  lord 
*'  of  London  told  me  of  late,  before  Mr.  Attorney  and  Mr. 
*'  Solicitor,  that  he  could  not  accuse  me  of  any  such  thing 
"  spoken  in  the  pulpit.  Which  discharge,  as  I  was  glad  to 
*'  hear,  so  I  would  have  been  much  gladder,  if  upon  so  free 
"  a  confession  he  would  favourably  have  restored  me  to 
*'  any  lecture  again.  But  now  it  is  that  they  know  my 
"  mind,  and  long  since  they  have  had  me  in  suspicion, 
"  therefore  they  would  provide  in  time  to  take  my  lecture 
"  from  me,  lest  I  should  speak  any  thing  that  would  offend 
"  them  hereafter.  This  doing,  though  it  be  somewhat 
"  strange  to  punish  a  man  before,  lest  hereafter  he  should 
*'  offend  ;  yet  I  am  contented  with  it,  and  leave  it  unto 
"  them,  that  should  be  as  grieved  to  see  so  great  a  congre- 
"  gation  so  dispersed. 

"  And  because  I  will  not  appear  to  be  led  by  fancy.  Declares  his 
"  wherein  of  a  great  many  I  am  thouo;ht  to  be  singular,  I^F""'"". 

f^  J  o  o  '       concerning 

"  will  be  bold  with  you,  as  the  man  whom,  above  others  of  bisiiops. 
"  your  calling,  I  am  bound  to  honour,  to  shew  forth  what  is 
"  my  opinion,  and  the  reasons  by  which  I  am  moved  unto 
"  it.  ^Vherein,  my  good  lord,  I  most  heartily  beseech 
*'  you,  break  not,  with  any  violence,  the  goodness  of  your 
"  nature,  to  make  it  favour  falsehood ;  but  love  the  truth, 
"  whereimto  you  have  well  inclined,  and  which  shall  make 
"  you  blessed  in  time  to  come.     I  am  thus  persuaded : 

"  The  lordship  or  civil  government  of  bishops  is  utterly 
"  unlawful.  My  reason  is  this ;  the  kingdom  of  Christ  is 
"  only  a  spiritual  government :  but  the  government  of  the 
*'  church  is  a  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ :  and  therefore 

vol..  II.  D  d 


402       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I. 


Anno  1573. 


272 


the  government  of  the  cliurch  is  only  a  spiritual  govern- 
ment. What  the  kingdom  is,  and  what  government  he 
hath  estabhshed  in  it,  learn  not  of  me,  but  of  God  him- 
self. The  prophets  do  plentifully  set  it  forth  unto  us. 
Esay  saith,  He  shall  smite  the  earth  zoith  the  rod  of  his 
mouth,  and  zoith  the  breath  of  his  lips  he  shall  hill  the  un- 
godly. And  by  what  authority  shall  the  ministers  strike 
with  a  sword,  or  with  a  sentence  from  a  civil  judgment 
seat  condemn  the  wicked  .f*  The  glory  of  the  kingdom  of 
Christ  is  thus  described :  Ride  upon  the  word  of  truth 
and  of  meeTcness  and  righteotcsness ;  and  so  thy  right 
hand  shall  teach  terrible  things,  Psal.  xlv.  4.  And  again ; 
The  Lord  shall  send  the  sceptre  out  qfSion,  (that  is,  his 
law,)  by  zvhich  he  shall  be  made  rider  over  all  his  enemies, 
Psal.  ex.  2.  And  what  can  be  plainer  than  the  words  of 
Christ  himself;  My  Mngdom  is  not  of  this  zvorld,  John 
xviii.  36.  How  plainly  doth  St.  Paul  say.  The  zoeapons 
of  our  zvarfare,  they  are  not  carnal.  Thus  God  hath  ap- 
pointed it,  to  make  his  power  known,  that  by  the  foolish- 
ness of  preaching  he  might  conjhtind  the  zvisdom  of  the 
zvorld,  and  with  the  weak  strength  of  the  sound  of  words 
to  overthrow  the  force  of  the  hearts  of  men.  There  are 
no  chariots  that  go  swift  in  victory,  as  the  word  of  truth  : 
no  terror  in  the  world  that  so  shaketh  the  bowels,  and 
maketh  the  thoughts  to  tremble,  as  the  sword  of  the  Spirit. 
There  is  no  sceptre  that  reacheth  so  wide  a  dominion  as 
the  law  of  the  majesty  of  God ;  which  is  written  in  the 
hearts  of  all  the  world,  and  condemneth  all  flesh  before 
the  majesty  of  God.  All  other  force  is  but  little,  and  we 
may  either  withstand  it,  or  fly  from  it.  But  the  power 
of  the  word  is  such  as  shall  pass  tlirough  all  stops  and 
hinderances.  Ezwry  mountain  shall  be  brought  lozo,  and 
every  valley  shall  he  filled :  crooked  things  .<ihall  be  made 
straight,  and  rough  zvays  shall  he  made  smooth,  that  the 
lazo  may  pass  out  of  Sion,  and  the  zoord  of  God  from  Je- 
rusalem. And  so  to  whomsoever  the  Lord  sendeth  out 
his  voice,  it  shall  surely  find  him :  for  it  is  already  in  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  403 

"  conscience  of  man,  whence  he  cannot  fly.     In  his  privy    CHAP. 
"  cliamber  it  is  nearest  unto  him,  and  when  he  is  in  his  bed   ^^^'"• 


"  it  presseth  him  most.  Anno  1573. 

••'  Let  him  therefore  that  is  King  of  kings  have  the  pre- 
"  eminency  of  government,  that  is  more  glorious  than 
"  princes.  And  let  him,  whose  dominion  is  the  kingdom 
"  of  heaven,  have  the  sword  and  the  sceptre  that  is  not 
"  fleshly.  Let  not  a  vile  pope,  in  the  name  of  Christ,  erect 
"  a  new  kingdom,  which  Christ  never  knew ;  a  kingdom  of 
"  this  world,  which  in  the  ministry  the  gospel  hath  con- 
"  demned.  Which  kind  of  rule  hath  set  all  out  of  order, 
"  and  mingled  together  heaven  and  earth  in  confusion ;  so 
"  that  God's  ordinance  cannot  prevail,  to  deliver  the  sword 
"  into  the  hand  of  the  magistrate,  and  take  the  word  into 
"  the  mouth  of  the  minister.  We  have  forgotten  the  voice, 
"  (which  we  might  better  remember,)  Put  up  thy  szvord 
"  into  thy  sheath.  And  we  know  it  not,  that  if  God  should 
"  fight  for  his  gospel,  he  could  send  down  many  legions  of 
"  angels  to  win  the  field.  St.  Paul-  saith,  that  God  hath 
"  chosen  the  weak  things  of  the  world  to  conjbund  the 
"  mighty.  Which  he  had  not  done,  if  the  strength  of  a 
"  kingdom  should  be  in  the  ministry,  or  the  arm  of  a  prince 
"  in  the  hand  of  a  preacher. 

"  And  so  I  beseech  you,  my  good  lord,  while  God  hath 
"  taken  away  a  courage  from  princes,  that  they  have  suf- 
"  fered  such  a  servant  to  sit  in  the  monarchy  o^  the  world  ; 
"  hath  not  God  recompensed  the  thraldom  of  their  hearts 
"  upon  their  own  heads,  and  made  only  a  proud  pope  to 
"  tread  them  down  all  in  dishonour.?  And  in  several  reigns 
"  also,  the  popish  prelacy  hath  shamed  their  princes,  and 
"  sometimes  raised  up  such  rebellions,  as  have  cost  their 
"  kings  both  crown  and  life.  Of  these  examples  I  find  a 
"  great  many.  But  I  remember  not  one  archbishop,  or  lord 
"  bishop,  that  ever  saved  a  country,  or  brought  peace  unto  it. 
"  Such  have  been  God's  judgments  upon  those  that  have 
"  put  from  themselves  the  honour  of  their  crown,  and  taken 
"  justice  from  the  unlawful  minister  that  serveth  in  the  com- 
"  monwealth,  and  made  unto  themselves  new  justices  of  the 

D  d  2 


404       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    *'  peace  and  quorum,  new  barons,  new  commissioners,  new 
"  lord  chancellors,  which  their  fathers  knew  not,  and  taken 
Anno  1573."  out  of  the  midst  of  pastors  and  bishops  of  the  church; 
"  which  before  was  not  heard  of. 

"  And  now,  as  hitherto  I  have  reasoned  of  the  kingdom  of 
"  Christ,  in  which  and  for  which  the  ministry  must  serve ; 
"  so  now  I  beseech  you  also  to  consider  the  authority  of 
"  the  minister.  Out  of  which  I  will  reason  thus.  The 
2/3  "  king''s  minister  or  pastor  hath  his  authority  equal  over 
"  king  and  subject:  but  the  king's  pastor  must  not  execute 
"  civil  punishment  against  his  prince  :  therefore  the  king*'s 
"  pastor  can  be  no  civil  magistrate.  The  truth  of  this  rea- 
"  son  is  plain  and  evident.  The  Lord  saith  unto  his  mi- 
"  nister.  Behold,  this  day  I  have  set  thee  over  nations  and 
"  over  Mngdoms,  to  pluck  up,  and  to  root  out,  to  destroy, 
"  and  to  thro'iC  dozen,  to  build,  and  to  plant,  Jer.  i.  10.  And 
*'  St.  Paul  saith.  He  was  prepared  to  cast  down  every  high 
"  thing  that  was  exalted  against  the  knowledge  of  God,  and 
"  to  bring  into  captivity  every  thought  into  the  obedience  of 
"  Christ.  St.  James  sharply  reproveth  it,  if  w^e  have  more 
"  regard  unto  a  man  with  a  gold  ring  and  goodly  app>arel, 
"  than  unto  a  poor  man  that  is  in  vile  raiment.  He  biddeth, 
^^  preach  unto  every  creature:  whose  sins  you  forgive,  they 
'•^  are  forgiven  ;  and  whose  sins  you  retain,  they  arc  re- 
*'  tained.  Here  is  no  exception  of  one  or  other,  but  the 
"  sins  of  all  are  equally  to  be  chastised ;  even  as  grace 
"  and  mercy  is  equally  preached.  And  let  him  persuade 
"  himself,  whosoever  will  be  exempted  from  this  obedience, 
"  to  be  ruled  in  the  church,  God  hath  also  exempted  him 
*'  from  the  grace  that  is  dispensed  by  the  church. 

"  And  how  can  it  possibly  be  otherwise,  when  the  minister 
"  is  but  the  mouth  of  God,  in  whose  person  Christ  himself 
*'  is  either  refused  or  received .''  Before  whom  to  exalt  a 
"  man,  is  to  set  up  the  clay  above  the  potter ;  and  to  make 
"  a  difference  of  persons,  before  whom  there  is  neither  Jew 
"  nor  Gentile,  bond  nor  free,  prince  nor  subject. 

"  My  lord,  seeing  all  men  are  subject  before  the  minister, 
"  even  as  himself  also  is  subject  to  the  words  of  his  mouth, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  405 

"  what  power,  what  authority  will  you  give  unto  him  ?  Will   CHAR 

"  you  set  him  upon  a  seat  of  justice,  and  put  a  sword  in  his  ^^^^^^- 

"  hand  ?  Then  bring  the  prince  to  plead  her  cause.  Guilty,  Anno  1673. 

"  or  not  guilty  ?     Fie   upon   the  pope,  that  hath  so  dis- 

"  honoured  God,  and  made  the  glory  of  his  judgment  seat 

"  to  be  spotted  in  the  countenance  of  a  faint-hearted  king. 

"  We  will  be  no  proctors  for  such  an  untimely  fruit,  that 

"  hath  made  princes  bondmen,  nobility  thraldom,  and  him- 

"  self  a  tyrant.     Let  us  learn  a  better  lesson  of  our  Sa- 

"  viour   Christ,  Date  Ccesari  guce  sunt  CcEsaris,  et  quce 

"  simt  Dei,  Deo.     The  prince  alone  is  the  person  in  the 

"  world,  to  whom  God  hath  committed  the  seat  of  justice, 

"  and  they  only  to  execute  the  duty  of  it,  to  whom  it  is 

"  committed ;  at  whose  hands  God   will  require  it :  how 

"  they  have  defended  his  church,  given  praise  unto  well- 

"  doing,  and  revenged  the  sins  of  all  transgressors.     For 

"  which  end  God  hath  given  in  subjection  unto  them  the 

"  natural  man,  and  hath  heaped  up  unto  the  rulers  all  the 

"  glory  of  the  world,  which  whosoever  shall  seek  to  spoil 

"  from  them,  he  would  change  the  counsels  of  the  living 

"  God. 

"  The  minister  is  appointed  for  another  defence,  where 
"  horsemen  and  chariots  will  do  no  good.  They  may  hinder 
"  the  minister,  and  make  him  forget  his  duty  :  they  cannot 
"  profit  him  in  his  office  and  function.  He  must  frame  the 
"  heart,  upon  which  you  cannot  set  a  crown  ;  and  edify  the 
"  soul,  which  flesh  and  blood  cannot  hurt.  He  sealeth  unto 
"  the  conscience  God's  mercies,  which  are  sweeter  than  life, 
"=  and  maketh  rich  the  thoughts  with  righteousness  and  2/4 
"  peace,  which  shall  abide  for  ever.  To  those  that  are  dis- 
"  obedient  he  pronounceth  the  judgment  that  maketh  the 
"  heart  afraid ;  and  to  the  poor  in  spirit  he  bringeth  com- 
"  fort,  which  no  tongue  can  express.  And  to  these  things, 
"  what  availeth  either  sword  or  spear.?  God  asketh  but  a 
"  tongue  that  is  prepared  to  speak ;  and  he  ministereth  the 
"  power  that  is  invisible.  And  cursed  be  the  times  that 
"  have  bewitched  to  set  up  dumb  dogs  in  so  honourable  a 
"  place. 

D  d  3 


406       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I. 


Anno  1573. 


Ministers 
not  to  be 
called  lords. 


"If  this  function  were  supplied  with  dutiful  officers,  the 
sword  of  the  Spirit,  which  God  hath  given  them,  would 
vanquish  Satan,  and  destroy  the  power  of  darkness, 
till  the  knowledge  of  God  were  plentiful  upon  earth, 
and  all  the  joys  of  heart  were  sealed  unto  men  in  perfect 
beauty ;  till  the  eyes  did  see  great  happiness  in  the  face 
of  the  heavens,  and  the  ear  did  hear  the  sweet  harmony 
of  the  forgiveness  of  the  sins ;  till  the  meat  tasted  of  that 
secret  manna,  of  which  he  should  eat  for  ever,  and  his 
drink  were  pure,  of  the  water  of  life,  which  proceedeth 
out  of  the  throne  of  God  and  of  the  I^amb ;  till  his  gar- 
ments did  smell  of  the  righteousness  of  Jesus  Christ,  and 
in  life  did  shine  the  life  of  immortality.  But  I  will  not 
go  about  to  express  it  in  words,  which  the  ear  cannot 
hear,  nor  the  tongue  can  speak.  I  beseech  the  Lord  make 
you  feel  the  pleasure  of  it  within,  till  all  the  world  be  but 
dung,  as  St.  Paul  saith,  in  respect  of  Christ.  For  in  him 
all  honour  is  a  glorious  blessing,  and  without  him  but  a 
covering  of  an  after-woe.  And  when  it  shall  fall  in  the 
dust,  his  sight  of  the  sorrow  that  is  behind  shall  make  the 
man  to  mourn,  when  it  is  too  late. 

*'  If  yovi  will  know  this  thoroughly  and  indeed,  procure 
their  liberty,  which  will  tell  you  the  truth :  but  if  our 
sins  shall  procure,  that  instead  of  truth  we  shall  hear  flat- 
tering words,  we  shall  prove  it  true.  Where  no  p?-ophecy 
is,  there  the  people  perish,  Prov.  xxix.  18.  The  days  to 
come,  which  are  the  wisest  witnesses,  when  they  shall  ask 
your  opinion,  you  shall  confess  it  is  true. 
"  But  now  again  to  our  purpose.  And  because  I  have 
spoken  thus  much,  I  will  add  the  residue,  that  I  may  be 
known  unto  your  honour,  even  as  I  am  known  imto  my- 
self. As  the  minister  hath  nothing  to  do  with  the  tem- 
poral sword,  so  much  less  it  becometh  him  to  be  called 
a  lord.  The  reason  is  plain  in  the  scripture.  They  be 
called  Jishers  of  men,  labourers  in  the  harvest,  callers 
unto  the  marriage,  servants  of  the  people,  workmen,  mi- 
nisters, stewards,  builders,  planters,  &c.  In  all  which 
they  are  removed  from  a  lordship  over  the  people.     And 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  407 

*'  again,  they  be  called  fellow-elders,  fellow-helpers,  fellow-    CHAP. 
"  workmen,  fellow-soldiers,  fellow-servants,  fellow-travellers, 


"  &c.     In  which  names  they  are  forbidden  lordship  over  Anno  1573. 

"  their  brethren.     And  surely,  seeing  we  ought  to  have  a 

"  religion  in  the  words  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  not  lightly  to 

"  change  them,  it  cannot  be  but  great  rashness  to  refuse  so 

"  many  names  of  society,  which   God  hath  given  us,  and 

"  take  another  name,  which  is  none  of  our  own,  and  im- 

"  porteth  a  dominion  over  others. 

"  And  how  can  we  yet  doubt  in  the  question  of  lordship?  1^ ^ 
*'  We  appeal  unto  Christ,  and  the  words  of  his  mouth,  to 
"  take  up  the  controversy.  The  disciples  had  this  conten- 
"  tion  as  well  as  we ;  and  they  strove  much  who  should  be 
"  highest.  Which  strife,  while  our  Saviour  Christ  will  ap- 
*'  pease,  he  pronounceth  his  sentence  thus ;  He  that  zvill  be 
"  greatest  among  you,  let  Mm  he  as  the  lowest :  and  he  that 
*'  zvill  be  highest,  let  him  be  the  servant  of  all.  This  is  the 
*'  brief  definition  of  a  superiority  in  the  ministry  :  and  this 
**  shall  for  ever  determine  the  controversy,  though  all  wis- 
"  dom  in  the  world  should  reply  against  it.  My  lord  and 
"  the  honour  both  shall  be  judged  Ijy  this.  If  he  find  his 
"  titles  given  him  here,  let  him  rejoice  in  his  portion.  If  he 
*'  have  them  not  hence,  he  shall  not  have  them  of  us.  We 
"  will  not  so  dishonour  him  that  hath  given  the  sentence. 
*'  For  besides  that  the  words  are  plain,  we  have  good  ex- 
"  ample  that  this  must  be  our  trial.  When  St.  Paul  had  a 
"  great  controversy  with  many  others,  whose  authority  was 
"  most,  by  this  rule  he  challenged  all  their  preeminence  to 
"  himself;  because  he  was  the  least;  he  had  laboured  more 
*'  than  they  all ;  was  more  afflicted,  more  contemned,  more 
*'  despised ;  oftener  whipped,  scourged,  stoned,  imprisoned ; 
"  in  more  dangers  by  sea,  by  land,  of  thieves,  of  murder- 
*'  ers,  of  kinsmen,  of  countrymen,  and  of  all  sorts  ;  in  watch- 
*'  ings,  prayings,  hunger,  thirst,  cold,  nakedness,  &c.  and 
*'  more  exercised  than  any  other,  2  Cor.  xi.-23.  Of  this  he 
"  was  bold  to  set  himself  up,  that  no  patriarch  of  the  world 
*'  had  a  lordship  above  him.  And  to  the  Galatians,  against 
*'  all  pride  and  tyranny  of  false  prophets,  he  maketh  his 

D  d  4 


408       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  challenge  as  greater  than  they  all,  because  he  carried  the 
____[___"  marks  of  the  Lord  Jesus  in  his  body.  Thus  well  had  St. 
Anno  1573."  Paul  learned,  that  the  highest  in  the  ministry  must  be  the 
"  lowest.  And  he  is  the  archbishop  that  hath  suffered 
"  most.  But  as  St.  Paul  is  a  good  example,  so  let  our  Sa- 
"  viour  Christ  be  his  own  interpreter,  that  by  example  and 
"  testimony  we  may  be  confirmed  in  truth. 

"  Will  you  know  what  this  meaneth.  He  that  will  be 
*'  greatest,  let  him  be  the  least;  Nan  sic  inter  vos  ?  Luc.xxii. 
"  26.  That  rule  and  lordship  shall  not  be  among  you, 
"  which  God  hath  o-iven  in  the  king-doms  of  this  world. 
"  You  must  be  examples  unto  your  flocks.  You  shall  not 
"  exercise  any  lordships  over  the  heritage  of  God,  1  Pet.  v. 
"  3.  These  words  are  plain  witnesses  in  the  mouths  of 
"  two,  our  Saviour  Christ  and  the  apostle  Peter.  If  you 
"  will  have  also  an  example  of  this,  I  will  allege  you  one  of 
"  great  warrant.  St.  John  reproveth  one  Diotrephes,  who, 
"  not  content  with  the  dignity  of  ameqyoc,  or y^elloza-zoork- 
"  ma7i,  would  needs  be  a  lord,  and  rule  over  others ;  to  ex- 
"  communicate  and  cast  out  of  the  church  by  his  own  au- 
"  thority, 

"  Now  judge,   my  lord,  by  the  spirit  of  -wisdom  which 

"  God  hath  given  unto  you,  whether  our  lordships  are  of 

"  Christ  or  of  Peter;   or  whether    they  more    agree  with 

"  Paul  or  with  Diotrephes  :  and  according  as  you  think,  so 

"  be  a  witness.     And  lest  the  subtilty  of  some  should  lead 

"  you  from  truth,  as  it  is  plainly  proved,  so  I  will  plainly 

"  confute  whatsoever  the  adversary  can  object  against  it. 

276      "  They  will  say,  that  in  these  places  ambition  and  tyranny 

Kuraxv^n-j- i(  \,^  only  forbiddcu.     And  to  ])ersua(le  you  the  better  of 

(rioi'C'.iv :  the"  their  learning,  they  will  say,  that  the  Greek  word  used  in 

those  words "  ^'^^  scripture  is  xocTtxKugnvsiv,  which  signifieth  to  rule  with 

in  scripture.  "  severity  and  rigour.     The  like  is  said  of  the  other  word, 

"  KUTe^oixjiu^uv.     But  proof  of  this  they  can  possibly  bring 

"  none:  for  the  words  in  nature  are  indifferent,  to  signify 

"  well  or  ill.     But  for  our  proof,  that  in  this  place  they  sig- 

"  nify  a  lawful  rule,  St.  Luke  useth  the  simple  verbs,  xu^<- 

"  suuv,  and  £^ou<ria^eiv :  which  by  nature  cannot  signify  an 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  409 

"  ambitious  or  tyrannical,  but  a  lawful  rule.    And  St.  Mat-    CHAP. 
"  thew,  as  he  is  written  in   Hebrew,  useth   these  words  ;  ^-^^^^^- 
*'  which  both  signify  a  good  government,  and  a  maintenance  Anno  1573. 
"  of  the  inferior ;  as  I  have  learned  of  those  that  under- 
"  stand  the  tongue.    And  therefore  the  nature  of  the  word, 
"  which  openly  they  preach  of,  it  is  all  against  them  in  this 
"  place.     But  let  the  word  go,  and  see  the  matter.     So  the 
"  vanity  of  their  answer  shall  the  more  appear. 

"  Cin-ist  doth  forbid  that  which  in  the  commonwealth  is 
"  lawful ;  but  ambition  and  tyranny  is  lawful  no  where. 
,"  Christ  forbiddeth  that  which  was  in  the  disciples ;  but  to 
"  charge  them  with  tyranny,  it  is  to  do  them  great  wrong. 
"  Christ  forbiddeth  to  be  called  in  title  of  honour,  svsgyYjrrjg, 
"  a  good  and  gracious  lord ;  a  name  so  far  from  ambition 
"  and  tyranny,  as  the  office  of  a  bishop  should  be  from  a 
"  lordship.  And  Christ  doth  not  bid  them  beware  of  am- 
"  bition,  but  bids  them  every  one  to  be  inferior  to  other  : 
"  which  is  to  beware  of  any  lordship  at  all.  And  therefore 
"  this  answer  is  but  to  strive  against  truth,  and  to  shift  it 
"  away  under  the  name  of  tyranny ;  where  our  Saviour 
"  Christ  condemneth  all  superiority. 

*'  And  therefore  I  beseech  your  honour,  my  very  good 
"  lord,  be  a  favourer  of  the  truth,  that  will  prevail.  The 
"  scriptures  that  were  alleged  are  no  vain  autliorities,  that 
"  are  easily  rejected,  nor  any  dark  speeches,  that  are  hardly 
"  understood.  The  words  are  written  by  the  apostles  and 
"  prophets,  and  they  have  the  strength  of  the  Spirit  of  God. 
"  They  shall  sound  far  and  near,  and  accomplish  the  work 
"  for  which  they  were  spoken,  though  all  the  world  were 
"  in  arms  against  them.  In  vain  we  cry.  The  state^  the 
"  state,  and  the  commonwealth  ;  where  indeed  there  is  no 
"  state  nor  no  commonwealth,  but  a  subversion  of  both. 
"  For  the  lordship  of  a  bishop  hath  ever  been  a  plague- 
"  sore  in  the  state  of  a  kingdom,  and  is  at  this  day  a  swell- 
"  ing  wound,  full  of  corruption  in  the  body  of  a  common- 
"  wealth ;  as  appeareth  in  Scotland,  France,  Spain,  Polonia, 
"  and  otherwhere.  And  yet  if  the  state  did  require  it,  the 
"  voice  of  the  Lord  must  be  obeyed,  though  all  the  king- 


410       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  doms  in  the  earth  did  fall  before  it.    God  is  not  a  man 

[ "  that  we   may  control  his  honour.    He  hath  made  both 

Anuo  1573. "  heaven  and  earth;  and  when  he  shall  appear,  all  the 
*'  creatures  of  the  world  shall  be  moved  at  his  presence ; 
"  and  the  children  of  men  shall  throw  down  their  crowns 
"  before  him.  Let  us  harden  our  hearts  as  the  adamant 
"  stone,  not  to  hear  his  counsel,  yet  when  the  force  of  his 
"  word  shall  knit  together  again  our  bones  and  ashes,  that 
"  they  may  arise  into  eternal  life,  we  shall  say  then,  Blessed 
"  is  he  that  cometh  in  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
277  "  For  ^^y  part,  I  can  but  pray  according  as  we  are 
"  taught,  Th?/  king-dam  come.  That  his  holy  Spirit  may 
"  make  us  now  obedient,  whose  majesty,  in  the  time  ap- 
"  pointed,  shall  make  his  enemies  afraid. 

"  And  now  to  shut  up  this  long  discourse,  (which  yet  I 
"  pray  God  it  doth  not  make  you  weary,)  to  know  better 
"  the  lo7dihip  of  a  bishop,  let  us  a  little  remember  the  ho- 
"  nour  of  our  archbishop,  which  is  Jesus  Christ.  He  was 
*'  born  of  a  poor  woman,  in  a  strange  place;  and  received 
*'  into  an  inn,  and  put  forth  into  a  stable,  wrapt  in  coarse 
*'  clothes,  and  laid  in  a  manger ;  persecuted  from  his  swad- 
"  dling  clothes,  into  strange  countries,  returning  home  in 
*'  fear,  and  often  hiding  himself;  brought  up  in  the  sweat 
"  of  his  brows,  and  the  occupation  of  his  father ;  mocked 
"  with  his  base  parentage,  and  reproached  with  the  name 
"  oi  beggarly  Nazareth:  not  one  of  the  nobihty  known  to 
"  favour  him,  but  a  poor  company,  which  were  basely  de- 
"  spised.  In  all  his  greatest  glory  he  was  laughed  to  scorn  ; 
*'  and  the  title  of  his  kingdom  was  set  upon  a  cross  of 
*'  shame.  And  in  this  estate  doth  he  not  say  unto  his  dis- 
"  ciplcs,  /  have  appointed  you  a  kingdom,  as  my  Father 
"  hath  appointed  unto  me  ?  Luke  xxii.  29-  And  how  can 
"  you  frame  out  of  this  pattern  either  pope's  monarchy 
"  or  the  bishops''  kingdoms ;  either  a  triple  crown,  so 
"  far  above  princes,  or  a  sumptuous  mitre,  so  unmeet  for 
"  apostles  ? 

"  Surely,  my  lord,  this  gear  it  will  not  stand.  It  is  a 
"  plant  which  our  Father  in  heaven  never  planted  ;  and  it 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  411 

"  will  be  rooted  out.    It  is  of  the  pope,  and  it  shall  drink    CHAP. 
"  of  the  same  cup  of  confusion ;  of  which  the  pope  hath 


"  begun  unto  them.    And  doubt  you  not  but  it  is  of  the  Anno  1573. 

"  pope :  for  beside  the  plainness  of  the  word  of  God,  it  is 

"  also  printed  before  your  eyes,  that  you  might  see  the 

"  truth,  though  you  would  not  hear  it.    For  where  is  this 

"  lordship  in  the  greatest  honour,  but  where  the  pope"'s  ho- 

"  liness  is  set  highest  ?    Where  is  it  abated,  but  where  the 

"pope's  head  is  broken.^    And  where  is  it  rejected,  but 

*'  where  the  pope  is  trodden  under  feet  ?    It  standeth  with 

"  the  pope ;  it  reigneth  with  the  pope ;  it  falleth  with  the 

"  pope ;  it  is  shamed  with  the  pope ;  and  is  it  not  of  the 

"  pope  ? 

"  And  what,  I  beseech  you,  is  the  fruit  it  bringeth  ?    Is  Officials, 

,  ,  .,  PI  110  coiiiiuissa- 

"  It  not  the  same  tliat  spnngeth  out  01  the  pope  s  breast  f  ^ies,  chan- 
*'  What  else  are  officials,  commissaries,  chancellors,  arcJi-'^^^^^^^'^'^' 

"r  Court  of 

"  deacons,  &c.  which    rule   and    govern   by  the   common  Faculties. 

"  laws  ?    Much  worse  than  the  statutes  of  Omri,  and  all  the 

"  ordinances  of  the  house  of  Achab :  which  uphold  in  the 

"  midst  of  us  a  court  of  Faculties ;  a  place  much  worse 

"  than  Sodom   and  Gomorrah.     Bear  with   me,  thpugh  I 

"  speak  the  truth.    The  great  contrariety  between  the  gos- 

"  pel  and  it  hath  printed  in  our  hearts  such  a  mortal  ha- 

"  tred  unto  it,  as  never  hereafter  shall  be  reconciled.    And 

"  in  all  that  duty  which  I  owe  unto  your  honour  in  the 

"  Lord  Jesu,  I  heartily  wish  that  God  may  make  you  wor- 

"  thy  to  help  his  truth,  which  will  prevail,  whether  you 

*'  help  it  or  no.    For  God  is  the  father  of  it,  and  not  man ; 

"  and  he  hath  taken  the  care  of  it,  and  not  princes. 

"  But  now  I  have  to  answer  many  thoughts,  which  very  2^8 
"  easily  will  rise  within  vou.    You  will  muse  first  of  the  ^''^  ^^'^^^  °^ 

•/  ...  .  .         the  pnini- 

"  state  of  the  primitive  church  ;  and  think  that  Augustine,  the  church 
"  Ambrose,  &c.  were  all  bishops.    To  this  I  answer,  that  *^^°j^  |r^^^_ 
"  if  they  were,  yet  men  must  not  prejudice  the  word  of  pared  with 
"  God.     True  it  is,  they  were  bishops ;  but  this  is  as  true, 
*'  they  were  no  lords,  neither  agreed  with  our  bishops  al- 
"  most  in  any  thing,  save  only  names.    I.  The  bishops  and 
"  ministers  then  were  one  in  degree :  now  they  are  divers. 


412       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  II.  There  were  many  bishops  in  one  town:  now  there 
"  is  but  one  in  a  wliole  country.     III.  No  bishop''s  autho- 


Anno  1573. "  rity  was  more  than  in  one  city :  now  it  is  in  many  shires. 
"  IV.  The  bishops  then  used  no  bodily  punishments  :  now 
"  they  imprison,  fine,  &c.  V.  Those  bishops  could  not  ex- 
"  communicate  or  absolve  of  their  own  authority  :  now  they 
"  may.  VI.  Then,  without  consent,  they  could  make  no 
"ministers:  now  they  do.  Vll.  They  could  confirm  no 
"  children  in  other  parishes :  they  do  now  in  many  shires. 
"  VIll.  Then  they  had  no  living  of  the  church,  but  only  in 
"  one  congregation  :  now  they  liave.  IX.  Then  tliey  had 
"  neither  officials  under  them,  nor  commissaries,  nor  chan- 
"  cellors.  X.  Then  they  dealt  in  no  civil  government  by 
"  any  established  authority.  XI.  Then  they  had  no  right  in 
"  alienating  any  parsonage,  to  give  it  in  lease.  XII.  Then 
"  they  had  the  church  where  they  served  the  cure,  even  as 
"  those  whom  we  call  now  parish  p)'iests,  although  they 
*'  were  metropolitans  or  archbishops.  These  diversities  they 
*'  are  very  great ;  and  if  your  honour  doubt  in  any  of  them, 
"  when  it  shall  please  your  honour,  we  will  refuse  no  con- 
"  ference  with  whom  you  will. 

What  to  be       «  Again,  you  will  think,  if  this  be  thus,  how  were  Mr. 

Craniuer,     "  Cranuicr,  Ridley,  Latymer,  Hooper,  &c.  all  bishops  and 

Ridley,  &c.  44  Jords .''  To  tliis  wc  can  say  no  more,  but  that  the  Lord 

being  bi-  _      -^ 

shops.         "  had   not  yet  revealed  it   unto  them  ;  but  left   them  in 

"  that  infirmity,  as  he  left  many  of  his  saints  before  them 

"  in  as  great :  and  so  leaveth  yet  a  great  many  churches. 

"  Notwithstanding  we  reverence  their  memory,  and   love 

"  their  ashes,  which  are  buried  in  honour  against  the  day  of 

"  Christ. 

The  bishops      a  jf  y^^  ^^.\\\  object  against  us  the  bishops  of  our  time, 

times:  what  "  wc  may  answer  of  them  favourably,  as  before.    We  know 

\"  ^"^  ■ .    c  "  their  doings :  and  our  hope  is  of  them  as  of  members  of 

thought  of  o  I 

them.  "  the  church.  We  love  them  as  brethren,  and  honour  them 

"  as  elders.  And  the  Lord  grant,  that  we  have  no  cause  to 
"  call  back  this  praise,  and  dare  not  give  it  them.  But  this 
"  I  must  needs  say,  and  freely  confess,  if  I  were  in  one  of 
"  their  places,  I  should  not  have  been  so  soon  persuaded. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  413 

"  We  are  all  men,  and  born  in  sin.    If  one  speak  against    CHAP. 
"  our  belly,  it  hath  no  ears ;  or  against  our  back,  it  hath  J ; 


"  no  eyes.  So  that  we  will  hardly  see  or  hear  a  truth.  But  Anno  1573. 
*'  if  tlie  consent  of  men  of  our  times  may  help  the  cause, 
"  then  I  trust  it  shall  help  us,  that  all  reformed  churches 
"  are  of  our  side :  and  not  one  of  them  is  governed  by  a 
"  lord  bishop.  But  men  are  all  men,  and  not  meet  to  sit  in 
"judgment  of  the  truth  of  God.  If  there  were  but  one 
"  that  built  upon  liis  word,  he  alone  were  on  the  rock 
"  which  should  never  be  removed. 

"  The  which  portion  and  inheritance  of  the  truth,  I  be- 
"  seech  the  living  God  that  it  may  be  your  lot.  That  in  this 
"  great  blessing,  in  which  God  hath  blessed  you,  you  may  279 
"  indeed  be  happy ;  and  many  years  may  heap  up,  unto  the 
"  honour  of  all  men,  love  of  your  brethren,  favour  of  your 
"  prince,  and  (which  is  best  of  all)  righteousness  and  peace, 
"  and  joy  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  That  the  necessity  of  death 
"  may  more  increase  your  hope,  and  the  grave  may  be  ac- 
"  ceptable,  as  to  a  child  of  God. 

"  You  see  how  bold  I  have  been  with  ypur  honour ;  and 
"  I  am  not  ignorant  what  portion  of  my  life  I  have  com- 
"  mitted  into  your  hand.  But  I  have  done  no  more  than  I 
"  would  have  done  to  her  majesty  herself,  if  such  occasion 
"  had  been.  For  I  cannot  be  persuaded  to  conceal  any 
"  truth  from  such  a  magistrate  as  feareth  God,  and  hath 
"  advanced  his  gospel.  And  if  plain  speech  shall  make  you 
"  favour  the  cause,  the  Lord  be  praised  that  hath  wrought 
"  his  work  in  you.  If  you  shall  not  yet  beUeve,  God  hath 
"  a  better  time  to  work  his  will.  And  I  beseech  God,  in 
"  these  grievous  times,  to  make  me  content  with  a  good 
"  conscience  ;  and  enrich  your  honour  with  such  grace,  that 
"  when  you  shall  think  upon  him  in  your  bed,  and  remem- 
"  ber  him  in  your  night-watches,  you  may  remember  the 
"  nights  of  the  prophet  David,  and  feel  his  joy,  that  is,  the 
*'  God  of  glory.  Amen.     Pr'uno  Novembris,  1573. 

"  Your  honour's  bounden  in  the  Lord  Jesu, 
"  even  as  his  own, 

"  Edward  Derino-." 


414       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  I  shall  make  no  reflections  upon  this  letter,  but  leave  the 
'  reader  to  observe  the  zeal  of  these  men  against  the  constitu- 
Anno  i573.tion  of  this  church,  and  to  weigh  the  strength  of  the  argu- 
ments used  against  the  English  episcopacy.  I  shall  only 
add,  that  Dering  ushered  in  this  his  long  letter,  with  an- 
other short  one,  dated  two  days  after ;  importing  the  pri- 
vacy of  his  writing  it. 

"  Gratia  et  pax.  I  meant  not  this  letter  to  your  honour. 
"  But  if  God  have  appointed  it  for  the  best,  his  name  be 
"  praised.  Read  it,  my  good  lord,  I  beseech  you,  and  use 
"  it  as  you  will.  I  never  wrote  it  twice :  neither  can  it  pos- 
"  sibly  be  known  to  any  but  to  your  honour  only.  And  so 
"  the  Lord  remember  me  in  this  trouble.  I  wish  to  do 
"  obediently  unto  you  any  duty,  that  you  may  know  the 
"  truth." 

To  proceed  then  to  his  present  trouble.     It  sprang  from 

certain  things  said  by  him  in  the  pulpit  and  elsewhere :  for 

which  he  was  brought  before  the  lords  of  the  council  in  the 

Star-chamber :  and  at  a  public  dinner,  where  he  read  a 

chapter,  and  expounded  it,   (where   Dr.  Chaderton,  Toy, 

Dering's      the  printer,  and    divers  others  were  present,)  "  speaking 

tered  by      "  against  godfathers  and  godmothers:  and  that  the  statute 

iiini :  for     a  ^f  provision  for  the  poor  was  no  competent  way  devised 

which  he  ^  i     i         i  ,  ,  ■  i      c         i 

was  brought "  for  it.    And  that  he  could  provide  for  the  poor  two  ways ; 

stl°  chlin    "  ^^^  °"^  ^^y  ^y  committing  them  to  the  rich,  to  be  kept; 

her.  "  the  other,  to  what  purpose  is  this  superjliiity  ?  and,  what 

lian.  '  ^'  do  we  do  with  so  much  plate?  As  though  he  were  for  a 
"  community  of  things.  That  he  put  off  his  cap  and  said, 
"  Now  I  will  prophesy,  Matthew  Parker  is  the  last  arch- 
"  bishop  that  ever  shall  sit  in  that  seat.  To  which  Mr. 
"  Cartwright  should  say,  Accipio  omen.'''' 
280  For  which  expressions  he  wrote  a  paper  to  the  lords  in 
justification  of  himself,  urging  in  the  first  place,  that  in  mat- 
ters of  accusation,  not  so  much  the  woi'ds,  as  the  manner 
of  speaking  ought  to  be  witness  of  the  truth.  And  then 
he  proceeded  to  vindicate  particularly  what  he  had  said : 

Number      which  are  contained  in  the  Appendix. 

At  this  time  I  find,  that  in  order  to  his  restoration  to  his 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  415 

ministry,  these  four  articles  were  required  of  him  by  the    CHAP, 
bishops,  as  it  seems,  (of  whom  he  desired  to  be  judged,)  to  ______ 


acknowledge  and  subscribe,  viz.  that  the  book,  of  Articles  Anno  1573. 
agreed  upon  in  the  synod,  1563,  was  sound,  and  according  Articles 
to  the  word  of  God.    2.  That  the  queen''s  majesty  was  the  to  sub- 
chief  p'overnor,  next  under  Christ,  of  this  church  of  Eng;-  scnbe. 

,        ,  .  .        .  ....  ?    Part  of  a 

land,  as  well  in  ecclesiastical  as  in  civil  causes.  3.  That  m  Regist. 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  was  nothing  evil  or  repug- 
nant to  the  word  of  God ;  but  that  it  might  be  well  used 
in  this  our  church  of  England.  And  4.  That  the  public 
preaching  of  the  word  of  God  in  this  church  was  sound  and 
sincere ;  and  the  public  order  in  the  ministration  of  the  sa- 
craments was  consonant  to  the  word  of  God.  To  these  he 
sent  in  his  answer,  writ  with  his  own  hand,  December  16. 
That  as  he  had  promised  to  set  down  his  mind,  how  far  he 
would  yield  in  any  thing  he  should  be  required,  so  accord- 
ingly he  had  done  to  those  articles  which  were  sent  unto 
him :  not  simply  yielding  to  them,  he  said,  in  the  very 
words,  as  they  were  set  down,  nor  yet  so  far  declining  from 
them,  as  to  give  any  a  just  offence  of  disagreement.  Then 
he  lays  down  certain  exceptions  against  all  but  the  second 
article.  And  then,  in  the  conclusion,  he  declares,  concerning 
his  conformable  behaviour,  viz.  that  while  any  law  did  bind  His  peace- 
him  to  wear  cap  and  surplice,  he  wore  both.  But  that  when  conform- 
he  was  at  liberty,  he  would  not  wear  them  of  devotion.  And  ^^''^  ^<ih^- 

viour. 

that  since,  he  never  persuaded  any  man  to  refuse  them. 

That  for  the  service  book,  he  preached  not  against  it.  That 

he  came  to  church  to  hear  the  prayers ;  and  according  to 

the  book,  he  would,  and  willingly  did,  come  to  the  Lord''s 

supper.   But  I  refer  the  reader  for  these  matters  at  large,  to 

a  book  called.  Part  of  a  registe?-  of  sundry  memorable  Twa^-Page  si. 

ters^  &c. 

There  were  also  divers  other  articles  ministered  to  him  other  ar- 
in  this  court  of  Star-chamber,  to  the  number  of  twenty,  for  nistered  to 
more  exact  search  and  inquiry  into  his  principles  and  opin-^'°' '"  t^e 
ions  concerning  the  church,  and  its  usages,  practices,  andber. 
clergy,  and  concerning  the  queen's  authority.    As,  I.  Whe- 
ther the  book  entitled.  The  Book  of  Common  Pi-ayer,  al- 
lowed bv  public  authority  in  this  realm,  is  to  be  allowed  in 


416      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    the  church  of  God,  by  God's  word,  or  no.    II.  Whether 
the  article  set  down  by  the  clergy  in  a  synod,  and  allowed 


Anno  1573.  by  authority,  be  according  to  God's  word.  III.  Whether 
we  be  tied  by  God's  word  to  the  order  and  use  of  the 
apostles  and  primitive  church  in  all  things.  IV.  Whether 
there  be  any  right  ministry  or  ecclesiastical  government  at 
this  time  in  the  church  of  England.  V.  Whether  nothing 
may  be  in  the  church,  either  concerning  ceremonies  or  re- 
giment, but  only  that  which  the  Lord  himself  in  his  word 
commandeth.  VI.  Whether  every  particular  church  or  pa- 
rish in  this  realm  of  England,  of  necessity,  and  by  the  or- 
der of  God's  word,  ought  to  have  their  pastors,  elders,  and 
deacons,  chosen  by  the  people  of  that  their  parish  ;  and  they 
281  only  to  have  the  whole  government  of  the  church  in  matters 
ecclesiastical.  VI  I.  Whether  there  is  equality  of  all  the  mi- 
nisters of  this  realm,  as  well  concerning  government  and  ju- 
risdiction, as  touching  the  ministration  of  the  word  and 
sacraments.  VIII.  Whether  the  patrimony  of  ancient  time 
given  to  the  church,  for  the  maintaining  of  learning  and 
the  service  of  God ;  and  to  maintain  the  state  ecclesias- 
tical; as  bishops'  lands,  the  lands  pertaining  to  cathedral 
churches,  the  glebe  lands  and  tithes,  by  order  of  law,  given 
to  parsons  and  vicars,  are,  by  right  and  God's  word,  to 
be  taken  from  them.  IX.  Whether  the  ministers  of  this 
realm,  of  what  calling  soever,  now  in  place,  allowed  by  the 
laws  and  orders  of  this  realm,  be  lawful  ministers :  and 
whether  their  administration  and  ecclesiastical  actions  be 
lawful  and  effectual.  X.  Whether,  at  a  marriage,  it  is  not 
convenient  to  have  a  communion ;  and  convenient  for  the 
new  married  persons  to  connnunicate :  and  at  a  funeral  to 
have  a  sermon.  XL  Whether  it  be  lawful  for  any  man  to 
preach,  but  he  that  is  a  pastor ;  and  he  only  to  preach  to 
his  own  flock ;  or  that  that  man  may  preach  without  a  li- 
cence. XII.  Whether  it  be  better,  and  more  agreeable  to 
God's  word,  and  more  convenient  for  the  profit  of  God's 
church,  that  a  prescript  order  of  common  prayer  be  used  ; 
or  that  every  minister  pray  publicly,  as  his  own  spirit  shall 
direct  him.  XIII.  Whether  children  of  such  as  be  perfect 
papists  arc  to  be  baptized.     And  whether  infants  are  within 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  417 

the  compass  of  God's  covenant,  and  have,.faith.  XIV.  Whe-    CHAP, 
ther  any  ecclesiastical  person  may  have  more  ecclesiastical 


livings  than  one.  XV.  Whether  one  may  be  a  minister  Anno  1573. 
that  ha'jli  no  peculiar  flock  assigned  unto  him  ;  and  whe- 
ther an  ecclesiastical  person  may  exercise  also  a  civil  func- 
tion. XVI.  Whether  all  the  commandments  of  God  and  of 
the  apostles  are  needful  for  salvation.  XVII.  Whether  the 
queen  of  England  hath  authority  over  the  ecclesiastical 
state,  and  in  ecclesiastical  matters,  as  well  as  over  the  civil 
state.  XVIII.  Whether  the  queen  of  England  be  chief 
governor,  under  Christ,  over  the  whole  church  and  state 
ecclesiastical  in  this  realm,  or  but  a  member  of  the  same. 
And  whether  the  church  of  England  may  be  established 
without  a  magistrate.  XIX.  Whether  the  queen  of  Eng- 
land be  bound  to  observe  the  judicial  laws  of  Moses  con- 
cerning the  punishing  and  remitting  of  criminal  offences. 
XX.  Whether  the  queen  of  England  may  of  herself,  and 
of  her  own  authority,  assign  and  appoint  civil  officers,  or 
no. 

To  all  which  Mr.  Dering-  gave  distinct  and  free  answers 
at  large  :  which  are  also  extant  in  the  said  register  ;  with 
this  preface  to  them:  "  That  he  humbly  beseeched  their  ho- 
"  nours  to  remember  his  former  protestation.  That  he  never 
"  preached  against  this  Book  of  [Common]  Prayers ;  and 
"  that  in  his  own  book,  extant  in  print,  he  had  once  spoken 
"  to  the  good  allowance  of  it.  Further,  that  he  resorted  to 
"  common  prayers ;  and  sometimes,  being  requested,  he 
"  did,  according  as  it  was  prescribed,  say  the  prayers.  If, 
"  notwithstanding,  he  should  be  urged  now  to  speak  what 
"  he  thought,  whereby  he  might  seem  to  be  called  to  a 
*'  form  of  inquisition,  as  there  was  no  law,  by  which  God 
"  had  tied  him  of  duty  to  be  his  own  accuser  ;  so  he  be- 
"  seeched  their  honours  to  let  this  his  answer  rather  witness  282 
"  his  obedience  and  humble  duty,  than  be  prejudicial,  to  his 
"  hurt  and  hinderance." 

Mr.  Moor,  a  puritan  preacher  in  the  city  of  Norwich,  Moor  con- 
was  of  great  vogue,  and  very  popular  m  that  city  about  pem's  ser- 
this  time :  this  man,  upon  a  sermon  Dr.  Pern  of  Cambridge  """^j,,.,,  ^^ 

VOL.  II.  EC  Nonvicli. 


418       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    had  preached  in  the  cathedral,  took  upon  him  the  next 
^"        Sunday  to  confute  the  doctrine  he  had  preached ;  not  so 


Anno  1573. agreeable  undoubtedly  to  some  puritan  principles:  and  so 

intended  to  proceed  in  a  further  confutation  thereof.    This 

presently  gn-ew  to  some  jars  among  the  citizens,  according  as 

they  stood  affected.  Which  caused  Dr.  Gardiner,  one  of  the 

prebendaries  there,  (of  whom  more  hereafter,)  prudently  to 

inform  the  bishop  (then  at  Ludham)  hereof;  and  that  he 

would  write  to  Moor,  and  admonish  him  to  go  no  further 

in  the  pulpit  against  Pern  ;  which  otherwise,  he  said,  must 

breed  some  trouble.    Which  practice  was  very  common  in 

those  times  in  the  pulpits  of  the  universities,  and  St.  Paul's, 

and  other  churches. 

Ecciesiasti-       Cartwright,  another  noted  puritan,  and  obnoxious  at  this 

sion  send     time,  had  given  great  offence  by  his  public  readings  and 

forth  an  or- ^yj.jj.|j^g.g  against  the  constitution  of  the  church,  and  was  still 

der  to  seize  .         .  ...  ■• 

Cartwright.  unquiet  after  his  discharge  from  the  university ;  insomuch 
that  the  queen  was  very  angry  with  him,  and  would  have 
him  brought  to  his  trial,  to  answer  for  his  dealings  and  mis- 
demeanours. For  whom  there  was  now  therefore  issued  out 
a  strict  order  from  the  commissioners  ecclesiastical  to  take 
him  up,  in  pursuance,  I  suppose,  of  the  proclamation  against 
the  Admonition  to  the  parliament,  and  his  vindication  of  it. 
The  said  order  for  the  seizing  of  him  was  as  followeth : 

"  To  all  mayors,  sheriffs,  bailiffs,  constables,  headborottghs, 

'*  and  to  all  other  of  the  queen'' s  majesiifs  officers,  unto 

"  whom  this  may  come  or  appertain :  to  every  one  of 

"  them,  as  well  within  the  liberties  as  without. 

Mss.  G.  "  We  do  require  you,  and  therewith  straitly  command 

Petyt,  arm.  a  jq^^  ^jj^j  every  of  you,  in  the  queen's  majesty's  name, 

"  that  you  be  aiding  and  assisting  to  the  bearer  and  bearers 

"  hereof,  with  all  the  best  means  that  you  can  devise,  for 

"  the  apprehension  of  one  Thomas  Cartwright,  student  in 

"  divinity,  wheresoever  he  be,  within  liberties,  or  without, 

"  within  the  realm.    And  you  having  possession  of  his  body 

"  by  your  good  travail  and  diligence  in  this  behalf,  we  do 

"  likewise  charge  you,  (for  so  is  her  majesty's  pleasure,) 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  419 

"  that  he  be  brought  up  by  you  to  London,  with  a  suffi-   CHAP. 
*'  cient  number,  for  his  safe  appearance  before  us,  and  other 


her  majesty's  commissioners  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  in  Anno  1573. 
"  causes  ecclesiastical,  for  his  unlawful  dealings  and  de- 
"  meanours  in  matters  touchino-  religion  and  the  state  of 
*'  this  realm.  And  this  fail  you  not  to  do,  every  one  of 
*'  you,  with  all  diligence,  as  you  will  answer  to  the  contrary 
*'  upon  your  utmost  perils.  From  London  this  11th  day  of 
"  December,  1573. 

"  Edw.  London.  John  Rivers,  mayor.  Wil.  Cordel, 
"  [master  of  the  rolls.]  Rob.  Catlyn.  Gilb.  Gerard, 
"  [attorney -general.]  Tho.  Wylson,  [master  of  re- 
"  quests.]  Leonel  Ducket.  Alex.  Nowel,  [dean  of 
"  St.  Paurs.]  Gabriel  Goodman,  [dean  of  Westmin- 
"  ster.]  Tho.  Seckford.  Tho.  Bromley,  [solicitor- 
"  general.]     Will,  Fleetwood,  [recorder.]" 


CHAP.  XXIX.  283 

The  p7-ivy  council  warns  those  of  the  Dutch  church  against 
receiving  any  puritans.  That  church''s  answer.  Letters 
between  Rod.  Gualter,  an  Helvetian  divine,  and  the  bi- 
shops of  Ely  and  Norwich,  concerning  the  puritans.  The 
papists  groxv  confident.  Fears  and  Jealousies  of  them. 
The  high  esteem  hadjbr  the  city  of  ZuricK',  and  the  di- 
vines of  that  city.  A  commission  for  executing  of  Bir- 
chet  by  martial  laxo.  The  eai-l  of  Sussex  to  the  lord  trea- 
surer to  prevent  it.  The  qtiee7i's  order  for  his  examina- 
tion. A  husbandman  comes  to  the  bishop  of  Noricichfor 
orders :  refused.  A  gentleman  hath  xvoi-ds  ivith  the  bi- 
shop about  it :  reconciled.  A  puritan  stands  to  be  school- 
master at  Aylsham  :  refused  by  the  bishop :  and  xvhy. 

x\T  this  time  the  lords  of  the  privy  council  directed  a  let-  Puritans 
ter  in  Latin,  at  good  length,  to  the  ministers  and  elders  of  ^^^^q|[^^,', 
the  Dutch  church  in  London.     The  occasion  was,  a  suspi-  cimrcii. 
cion  of  seditious  spirits,  that  might  shroud  themselves  un- 
der that  church,  and  enter  themselves  into  their  commu- 

E  e  2 


420       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   nion.    The  queen  indeed  had  apprehensions,  that  those  in- 
novating  persons   that   were  now  very  busy,  might  cause 
Anno  1573.  those  of  that  church  to  misuse  the  privileges,  that  she,  out 
of  compassion  of  their  persecutions  in  their  own  countries, 
had  granted  tliem ;   they  thinking  to  ingratiate  themselves 
with  the  Dutch,  because  their  devices  seemed  more  con- 
formable to  their  customs  than  our  forms. 
The  lords         Tj^g  lords  put  them  in  mind  of  the  queen's  pious  commi- 
cii  write      seration  of  their  condition,  that  had  fled  for  the  cause  of  re- 
*°  ^'''j!        ligion  into  her  kingdom,  and  of  the  protection  she  willingly 
to  receive    had  granted  them ;  and  that  she  therefore  expected  from 
Etx^Beific  t^i^^^  such  returns  of  services  and  dutiful  behaviour,  as  be- 
Lond,         came  thankful  persons  and  good  subjects.    They  spake  fa- 
vourably of  the  different  practice  of  their  public  worship 
from  ours  ;  as  all  other  churches  had  their  variovis  customs 
and  usages.     Non  ignoramus  variis  ecclesiis  varios  et  di- 
ver sos  Jam  ah  initio  Christianai  religionis  semper  Juisse 
ritus  ac  ceremonias :  diim  hi  stantes,  illi  in  genua  proci- 
dentes,  alii  jJt'oni  procumbentcs,  adorant  et  jjrecantur.    Et 
tamen  eadcm  pietas  est  ac  religio,  si  vere^  et  ad  verum 
Deiim,  oratio  tendat,  absitqne  impictas  ac  supcrstitio,  S^-c. 
^SA  Non  contcmnimus  ritus  vestros,  ncqiie  vos  ad  nostros  cogi- 
miis :  prohamusque  ceremonias  vestras,  ut  vohis  et  vestrcB 
reip.  Wide  orti  estis,  aptas  et  convenientes,  S^c.    "  And  that 
"  they  were  not  ignorant,  that  from  the  very  beginning  of 
"  the  Christian  religion,  various  churches  had  their  various 
"  and  divers  rites  and  ceremonies.  That  in  their  service  and 
"  devotions,  some   stood,  some  kneeled,  others  prostrated 
"  themselves.    And  yet  the  piety  and  religion  the  same,  if 
"  they  truly,  and  to  the  true  God,  directed   their  prayers 
"  without  impiety  and  superstition."    They  added  in  their 
letter,  "  That  they  contemned  not  their  rites,  neither  did 
"  they  compel  them  to  those  used  in  the  English  church. 
"  And  that  they  approved  their  ceremonies  as  fit  and  con- 
"  venient  for  them,  and  that  state  whence  they  sprang.  And 
"  therefore  they  expected  in  like  manner,  that  that  congre- 
"  gation  should  not  despise  those  customs,  that  out  of  godly 
"  principles,  by  the  labour  of  wise  and  learned  men,  had 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  421 

"  been  established  in  this  church,  and  confirmed  by  the    CHAP. 
"  blood  of  many  martyrs ;  and  now  a  long  time  settled 


"  here.  Anno  1573. 

"  And  therefore  admonished  them,  that  they  should  give 
"  no  countenance  to  a  sort  of  tumultuous  and  unquiet 
"  people,  who  would  fain  bring  in  a  confusion  into  the 
"  church,  nor  approve  of  any  of  their  doings.  Nor  would 
"  they  suspect  them  to  be  guilty  of  such  imprudence  or  in- 
"  constancy  of  wisdom.  And  that  they  should  avoid  any 
"  thing  that  might  create  a  suspicion  in  them,  of  disturb- 
"  ing  the  peace  of  this  estate  and  church.  And  that  their 
"  wisdom  would  suggest  to  them,  that  such  a  behaviour 
"  might  move  the  queen,  who  had  upon  the  account  of  re- 
"  ligion  received  them  into  her  kingdom,  to  banish  them 
"  out  of  it.  And  so,  in  fine,  they  warned  them  against  any 
"  such,  whether  English  or  of  themselves,  that  endeavoured 
"  to  blow  up  such  sparks  of  discord,  and  to  drive  them  from 
"  their  flock.  And  particularly,  not  to  receive  into  their 
"  communion  any  of  this  realm  that  offered  to  join  with 
"  them,  and  leave  the  custom  and  practice  of  their  native 
"  country." 

And  this,  in  conclusion,  they  wrote  to  them  out  of  good- 
will, to  prevent  any  cause  of  offence,  or  suspicion  of  ingra- 
titude or  disobedience  towards  her  gracious  majesty ;  and 
in  order  to  their  living  here  in  peace  and  security :  and 
they  of  the  council  would  be  ready  to  shew  them  all  fa- 
vour. 

The  said  church  prudently  caused  this  letter  to  be  pub- The  answer 
licly  read  in   their  congregation ;   and   soon  gave  a   very  putdi 
humble  and  grateful  answer,  as  it  concerned  them.    First,  cimrch  to 
"  Thanking  the  queen,  and  their  honours,  for  their  mani-  eii's  letter. 
"  fold  favours,  and  the  whole   kingdom's  civility  towards 
"  them,  a  company  of  poor  strangers;  and  that  their  in- 
*'  habiting  in  the  realm  found  such  acceptance ;  nor  that 
"  they  were  yet  weary  in  shewing  them  their  benevolence. 
"  And  particularly,  they  mention   the  favour  of  allowing 
"  them  their  accustomed  ceremonies  in  their  religious  wor- 
"  ship,  in  their  own  language,  being  united  with  the  Eng- 

Ee3 


422      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


Anno  1573. 


285 


lish  in  matters  of  doctrine.  They  hoped,  that  there 
should  not  be  any  occasion  given  by  them  to  the  queen 
or  their  lordships,  to  repent  of  these  kindnesses  vouch- 
safed them :  adding,  that  it  should  appear,  their  honours 
had  not  been  mistaken  in  their  good  opinion  of  them. 
They  prayed,  that  it  would  please  them  not  to  believe  or 
regard  malicious  reports  to  their  prejudice :  for  that  they 
countenanced  no  such  tumultuous  people,  nor  approved 
either  of  their  words  or  actions.  That  they  were  none 
of  those  that  despised  the  ceremonies  of  other  churches ; 
and  that  submission  was  due  to  what  a  pious  magistracy 
had  established,  and  what  they  judged  was  most  fit  for 
the  people,  and  that  tended  to.  the  promoting  of  god- 
liness. 

'^  That  they  knew  it  became  not  them  to  be  curious 
in  other  people's  matters;  much  less  to  encourage  any 
changes,  or  any  persons  in  making  them.  And  the  care 
thereof  they  left  to  them  whom  God  had  ordained  for 
the  same ;  and  who  by  experience  best  knew  what  was 
fittest  for  them  who  were  committed  to  their  charge. 
That  for  themselves,  they  promised  that  they  would  take 
all  care  not  to  do  any  thing  that  might  give  any  suspi- 
cion or  just  offence  to  the  queen  or  them.  And  that  ac- 
cording to  their  commands,  they  would  discharge  out  of 
their  communion  men  of  such  tumultuous  tempers,  if 
there  should  be  any :  and  that  no  English  should  be  ad- 
mitted among  them,  who  on  such  principles  sought  to  se- 
parate themselves  from  the  religious  customs  of  their  own 
coinitry.  That  they  had  but  four  of  the  English  nation 
in  their  church:  and  of  each  they  gave  account:  two 
whereof  had  been  exiles ;  and  ever  since  their  return  had 
remained  with  them."  This  whole  letter,  with  the  former 
om  the  council,  remain  yet  in  the  archives  of  the  same 
Dutch  church  in  Augustin  friars,  London.  And  as  they 
were  translated  from  the  Dutch,  and  communicated  to  me 

T?'"^-???'"^'  by  one  of  the  ancient  elders  thereof^,  I  have  thought  worthy 

dert.  to  place  in  the  Appendix. 

Guaitcr  of       'pj^jg  matter  with  the  puritans  (such,  I  mean,  as  withdrew 

Zunc  writ-  ^  ^ 


N».  XXIX, 
XXX. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  423 

from   our  divine  service,  because  of  the  ceremonies)  was    CHAP, 
agitated  hotly  this  year,  as  hath  partly  been  shewed.     And 


here  I  must  mention  a  course  that  these  disaffected  men  Anno  1573. 
took :   which    was    to    appeal    to    the    reformed    churches  *f''  ^°  ,'^'" 

rr  ^        shop  Cox 

abroad ;  particularly  that  of  Geneva  and  Helvetia ;  which  concerning 
they  did  some  years  ago,  as  may  be  seen  at  large  in  the^jj^g 
Annals  of  the  Reformation.  Whereof  the  divines  of  Hel-Voi.  i. 
vetia  were  of  great  esteem  with  ours;  and  that  justly  too, 
who  had  so  christianly  and  kindly  received  and  entertained 
them  in  the  late  popish  reign ;  divers  whereof  were  now  bi- 
shops. Rodolphus  Gualter,  one  of  the  chief  ministers  of 
Zuric,  in  that  country,  had  been  prevailed  withal  to  send 
letters  to  some  of  these  bishops  in  their  behalf,  for  some  fa- 
vour to  be  shewn  them.  Which  caused  ours  to  write  again 
to  him ;  to  open  to  him  the  true  state  of  the  unhappy  dif- 
ferences and  divisions  in  this  church  ;  and  to  vindicate  the 
proceedings  used  by  the  government.  Of  which.  Cox,  bi- 
shop of  Ely,  had  written  at  large  to  him  ;  dilating  upon  the 
unhappy  condition  of  the  English  church,  by  reason  of  the 
present  contentions  raised  in  it,  by  imposing  the  garments, 
and  some  other  ceremonies,  indifferent  in  themselves ;  and 
shewed  him  fully  the  state  of  the  controversy.  And  then 
excited  him,  according  to  his  wisdom  and  learning,  to  write 
a  serious  letter  into  England  about  it.  Whereupon  Gual- 
ter, in  his  answer  to  the  said  bishop,  being  more  perfectly 
instructed  in  these  matters,  shewed  his  utter  dislike  and  dis- 
allowance of  those  men,  for  making  such  contentions  in  the 
English  church,  for  such  weak  causes,  as  those  indifferent 
things  required,  were ;  and  excusing  himself  for  a  former 
letter  in  favour  of  them,  as  not  truly  understanding  the 
case :  for  this  I  refer  the  reader  to  archbishop  Parker's  ^'^^,  °^ , 

'■  Archbishop 

Life,  where  this  letter  may  be  read.  Parker, 

For  this  letter,  and  for  another,  written  some  years  be- ^j^^g""' 
fore,  to  another  bishop,  bishop  Parkhurst,  in  a  more  mo-  286 
derate  style,  this  pious  foreign   divine  was   censured   by  Bishop 
some  here  at  home.    Divers  there  were  that  disliked,  that  ^^^^^^  ^^ 
this  foreigner  should  concern  himself  in  these  affairs  of  our  Gnaiter. 

^  .11  MSS.Joh. 

church :  and  they  were  such   as  wished  that   such    stress  d.  Episc. 

E  e  4  E"""- 


424       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  might  not  be  laid  upon  ceremonies;  but  that  in  due  time 
^'  they  might  be  wholly  laid  aside ;  and  a  reformation  be 
Anno  1573.  made  in  this  church  more  conformable  to  that  of  other 
churches;  and  especially  that  of  Zuric.  Gualter''s  great 
friend,  the  said  bishop  Parkhurst,  seems  to  have  been  one 
of  these.  But  these  censures  created  a  trouble  to  that  mo- 
dest, learned  man ;  and  made  him  wish,  that  he  had  wholly 
forborne  writing  his  said  letters,  since  they  were  no  better 
interpreted.  But  Parkhurst  comforted  him,  telling  him,  he 
shoyld  not  repent  his  letter  writ  to  him  on  that  argument 
in  the  year  1566.  Which  was  scarce  sharp  and  vehement 
enouffh,  as  he  said:  "  For  that  some  of  his  brethren  then 
"  were  esteemed  too  rigid  and  severe.  And  that  now,  this 
"  year,  1573,  some  were  esteemed  too  much  addicted  to  ce- 
"  remonies.  But  whatsoever  it  were,  none  as  he  knew,  ac- 
"  cused  him  [i.  e.  Gualter]  of  lenity  :  nor,  as  he  judged, 
"  ought  any  one,  if  he  would  weigh  in  an  even  balance 
"  both  letters,  viz.  that  to  him  and  that  to  the  bishop  of 
"  Ely  :  and  that  for  his  part,  (as  the  bishop  proceeded,)  he 
"  did  not  disapprove  of  the  ceremonies  of  our  church  :  for 
"  he  thought  them  indifferent ;  but  [speaking  his  mind  more 
"  freely  in  this  his  private  letter  to  his  intimate  friend]  he 
"  could  wish,  he  said,  all  were  like  to  his  church  of  Zuric." 
Again,  to  And  in  another  letter  to  the  said  Gualter,  dated  Fe- 
concerniiiT  bruary  4,  speaking  of  the  bishop  of  Ely''s  letter  to  him,  he 
Cox's  letter,  f J.  jgj^(jjy  gave  him  this  advice:  Quid  D.  Eliensis  ad  te 
scrijiserit,  vel  quid  potius  per  I'lteras  abs  te  extorserit^ 
ignoro.  Certe,  mi  Giialterc,  nolm.,  nt  te  nimium  hisce  rebus 
Jrivolis  immisceas.  Non  equidem  nostras  cercmonias^  auf 
vestitum,  imjrrobo;  sed  res  adiaphoras  Judico.  At,  o  utinam, 
utinam,  tandem  aliquando  omnes  Angii  ecclesiam  Tigu- 
rinam^  tanquam  ahsolutissimum  exemplar,  imitandam,  sibi 
serio,  propotierent.  Int.  Epist.  D.  Parkhurst.  "  That  he 
"  knew  not  what  my  lord  of  Ely  had  writ  to  hin),  or  rather 
"  what  he  had  forced  fi-om  him  by  his  letters.  But  truly, 
"  my  Gualter,  I  would  not  have  you  too  much  mingle 
*'  yourself  in  these  frivolous  matters.  Not  that  I  disallow 
"  of  our  ceremonies  or  habits;  but  I  judge  them  to  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  425 

"  things  indifferent.    But  O!  would  to  God,  would  to  God,    CHAP, 
"  once  at  last  all  the  English  people  would  in  good  earnest 


"  propound  to  themselves  to  follow  the  church  of  Zuric,  as  Anno  1573. 
"  the  most  absolute  pattern." 

Dr.  Whitgift  was  now  busy  in  writing  his  Defence  of  his  Whitgift 
book  against   the  Admonition  ;    and   hearing  that  bishop  Guaiter's 
Parkhurst  had  received  letters  from  the  said  Gualter,  and  ^'^"'^'"s- 
supposing  he  had  wrote  something  in  them  of  these  present 
controversies,  prayed  him  that  he  would  conmiunicate  to 
him  those  letters ;  or  at  least  a  copy  of  them.     But  the  said 
bishop  thought  fit  to  yield  him  neither.    The  reason,  I  sup- 
pose, was  in  favour  of  his  friend,  who  cared  no  more  to  be 
brought  upon  the  stage.     For  this  he  mentioned  to  that  di- 
vine;  and  added,  concerning  the  said  Whitgift,  that  if  any287 
thing  made  for  the  ceremonies,  he  presently  clapped  it  into 
his  book,  and  printed  it. 

He  gave  Gualter  also  this  further  intelligence,  as  the  ef-  The  papists 
feet  of  these  differences  among;  the  professors  of  the  j.g_  **  "^"' ^ 'em- 
formed  religion  in  England.     "  That  great  dissensions  were  confidently 

,,  •  1     ,  1  ,  1  •         1  1  than  l)efore. 

"  now  arisen  between  the  protestants  and  papists  here,  and 
"  daily  did  arise  :  [more  boldly,  it  seems,  shewing  them- 
"  selves.]  And  that  the  papists  lifted  up  their  crests,  and 
"  triumphed,  as  though  they  had  gotten  the  victory  against 
"  the  protestants :  while  the  protestants  walked  dejected 
*'  and  sorrowful.  And  that  at  this  time  there  were  not  a 
"  few  preachers  that  had  laid  down  their  cures  of  souls 
"  committed  to  them,  and  left  them  to  wolves  and  idiots. 
"  And  that  if  he  asked  him  the  cause,  it  was,  in  truth,  be- 
"  cause  they  would  not  use  the  linen  garment  called  a  sur- 
"  plice.  Which  counsel  of  theirs,"  added  the  bishop,  "  I  do 
"  not  at  all  approve." 

To  which  I  will  subjoin  what  the  same  bishop  wrote  in  Fears  from 
the  month  of  February  to  another  of  the  ministers  of  that  P'^P'f  *• 

*'  _  Parkhurst 

church  of  Zuric,  namely,  Bullinger,  "  That  there  were  new  to  BuUin- 
*'  and  severe  edicts  or  proclamations  lately  published  against  ^^"^^ 
"  such,  Avho  either  contemned  our  ceremonies,  or  refused  to 
"  observe  them.     And   then  prayed,  God  give  it  a  good 
"  issue,  and  have  mercy  upon  all  the  churches  of  Christ. 
"  Faxit  Deus,  nc  lateat  anguis  in  hcrba.'''' 


426      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        All  this  shews  the  great  respect  our  English  divines,  and 
'•        many  of  the  bishops,  shewed  to  those  of  Helvetia;  between 


Anno  1573.  whom  there  was  a  continual  intercourse  of  letters.  Bullinger, 
*'"''T         in  a  letter  to  bishop  Parkhurst,  had  wrote,  that  he  was  that 

spondence  '_  .  i  •    i       i  u" 

of  the  bi-  year  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his  age :  to  which  that  bi- 
Nonv°ch  s^^op,  in  his  next  letter  to  that  reverend  father,  answered, 
with  Bui-    that  he  wished  he  might  live  to  an  hundred,  for  the  church's 

linger.  , 

sake. 
His  esteem       Concerning  this  Bullinger,  and  that  Gualter,  before  men- 
^o/zunc'^^  tioned,  with  the  other  learned  and  godly  men  there  at  Ty- 

gur  or  Zuric,  thus  did  Parkhurst,  while  he  dwelt  among 

them  in  his  exile,  describe  them  to  Cole,  a  learned  man  of 

Oxford : 

De  Bullmgero,  Bibliandro,  Martyre,  Zanclio, 
Et  Gualthero,  Gesnero,  de  Pelicano, 
Nostrum  judicium  sijbrsan.  Cole,  requiris; 
Hos  ego  doctrina  eximios,  pietate  gravesque, 
Judico,  qiteis  similes  perpaiicos  hie  hahet  orbis. 

And  of  the  city  itself,  this  was  the  praise  he  gave  of  it,  in 
a  copy  of  verses  to  Harley,  bishop  of  Hereford,  while  he 
sojourned  there: 

Urbs  habet  Helveticce  me  nunc  primarta  gentis ; 

Urbs  plane  armlpotens,  pacts  amica  tamen. 
Urbs  fecunda  pits  verbi  prt^conibus,  atri 

Urbs  expers  odii,  ccedis,  avaritice. 
Urbs,  e  qua  pulsa  est  Venus,  Ate,  pulsus  lacchus. 

Urbs  minime  Jlagrans  ambitione,  dolo. 
Urbs,  qu(B  blasphemos  punit,  litesque  resolvit, 

Urbs,  pictatis  amans,  justiticeque  tenax. 
288  Urbs,  evangelii  quce  plantat  dogmata  sacri; 

Urbs,  in  qucp  nulla  estjrrda  supcrstitio. 
O!  si  olim  talis  tellus  Brittannajiiisset, 

Extera  regna  pits  non  adeundajbrent,  SfC. 

Rirchef  s  A  great  cause  of  these  proclamations  and  strict  charges, 

prov'oket'^^  proceeding  from  the  queen  and  her  council,  against  the  pu- 

t he  queen  ritaiiical    sect,  was  the  horrible  fact  of  Burchet,  a  great 

pS'itans.  zealot  this  way ;  who  thought  it  lawful  to  kill  such  as  op- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  ¥21 

posed  them   in  their  endeavours  to  bring  in  their  model    CHAP, 
and  disciphne :  and  accordingly,  in  the  heat  of  his  zeal,  as-    ^^^^' 


sassinated  a  courtier  in  the  streets,  thinking  him  to  be  Mr.  Anno  1573. 
Hatton ;  though  it  proved  to  be  Hawkins,  one  of  the  cap- 
tains of  the  queen's  navy.     Concerning  which  act,  some- 
thing hath  been  related  by  me  elsewhere.     This  wicked  Life  of  Bi- 
principle  of  murdering  for  God's  sake,  the  queen  appre-  ^er,  b.  iv. 
hended  so  much  danger  in,  as  that  of  her  own  life,  as  well  '^^^P-  ^xxiv. 
as  of  others  of  chief  rank  about  her,  and  so  enraged  her, 
that  at  first  she  commanded  this  murderer  to  be  imme- 
diately executed  by  martial  law  :  and  a  commission  for  that 
purpose  was  drawn  up.  And  this  she  resolved  to  do,  as  her 
sister  queen  Mary  had  done,  in  that  severe  reign,  toward 
Wyat :  especially  having  heard  it  by  report  of  the  earl  of 
Leicester,  and  he  from  the  admiral ;  yet  not  with  any  their 
approbation  of  such  rigorous  doings. 

So  the  queen,  in  her  great  closet,  at  service  therein,  gave  She  is 
order  to  Mr.  Secretary  to  bring  to  her  the  commission  for  ™ e"ule h?m 
execution  of  this  man  by  the  martial  law,  to  be  signed  by  by  martial 
her  after  dinner.  But  the  earl  of  Sussex,  lord  chamberlain, 
and  the  lord  admiral,  were  much  against  it.  And  the  lord 
treasurer  was  not  then  at  court,  whose  only  advice  was  then 
Avanted  to  prevent  it.  The  earl  therefore,  even  while  he 
was  at  dinner,  wrote  to  him,  it  being  the  28th  of  October. 
"  First,  praying  God  to  put  it  into  the  queen's  heart  to  do 
"  the  best,  and  then  acquainting  him  with  particulars.  As, 
"  that  the  lord  admiral  was  greatly  grieved  with  the  speech, 
"  that  he  should  devise  it,  when  as  he  was  directly  against 
"  it :  that  indeed  he  had  told  my  lord  of  Leicester  of  the 
"  execution  done  in  London  in  the  rebellion  of  Wyat,  but 
"  he  never  told  it  to  the  queen :  that  the  earl  of  Arundel 
''  was  also  very  vehement  against  it  in  speech  to  him,  [the 
"  lord  chamberlain.]  He  added.  That  the  queen  asked  for 
"  the  lord  treasurer,  and  seemed  to  look  for  his  being  at 
*'  court,  because  it  was  holyday."  At  length,  by  the  coun- 
sel, as  it  seems,  of  the  lord  treasurer,  the  queen  set  aside 
that  purpose  of  hers,  of  Birchet's  speedy  execution  after  that 
manner ;  and  he  had  time  given  him  for  divers  days  after. 


428       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Wlio  shewed  at  length  some  repentance  of  his  villainous 

^-        act;  but  afterwards  repented  of  his  repentance,  and  justified 

Anno  1573.  his  doings.  Which  exceedingly  provoked  the  queen  :   espe- 

The  queen  ciallv  havino",  bv  prolonfifing  of  his  life  somewhat  longer,  given 

orders  that  -^  »'    ^  I  O     &  ts      '  o 

he  be  strict-  occasiou  to  another  horrible  murder,  committed  by  him ; 

lyexainined.  j^3^j-,^p]y_^  killing  his  keeper.     She  had  a  mind  more  fully  to 

sift  the  man,  and  to  learn  whence  he  had  imbibed  these 

wretched  principles ;  therefore  she  would  have  him  severely 

and  accurately  examined,  both  by  lawyers  and  divines.  And 

289  this  she  shewed  to  the  lord  chamberlain  to  be  her  pleasure. 

And  that  in  order  thereunto,  he  should  write  unto  the  lord 

treasurer.    Which  he  did  the  11th  of  November,  (the  day 

before  Birchet's  execution,)  to  this  tenor : 

The  lord  "  That  the  queeif  s  majesty  had  commanded  him  to  sig- 

w^'Tet'-    "  "ify  unto  him,    [the  said  lord   treasurer,]    that  all   the 

ter  to  the    «'  means  that  might  be,  should  be  used  to  examine  Birchet 

surer  about  "  this  night,  and  to-morrow  in  the  morn  before  he  was  to 

'^-  "  be  executed,  of  the  matters  ensuing :  viz.  Whether  he 

"  did  still  continue  in  the  detestable  opinion  which  he  did 

*'  before  recant .''    Whom  he  knew  to  be  of  that  opinion  be- 

"  side  himself.'*  Whether  any  person  were  privy  to  his  in- 

"  tention  to  kill  Mr.  Hatton  ?     Whether  he  knew  any  per- 

"  son,  beside  himself,  that  had  any  such  intention  ?    Whe- 

"  ther  he  thought,  when  he  killed  his  keeper,  that  he  had 

"  killed  Mr.  Hatton  ;  and  what  moved  him  to  it  ?     What 

"  had  moved  him  to  alter  from  repenting  of  his  former  de- 

"  testable  acts  and  opinion ;  for  the  which  he  had  asked 

"  pardon  of  God,  of  the  queen's  majesty,  of  Mr.  Hatton, 

*'  and  of  Mr.  Hawkins .''    And,  to  the  end  the  matter  might 

"  be   the  more   substantially   handled,  the   lord   chamber- 

*'  lain  added,  That  her  highness  would  have  Mr.  Solicitor, 

"  and  the  recorder  of  London,  with  such  other  grave  men 

"  as  his  lordship  [the  lord  treasurer]  should  think  fittest 

"  to   examine   him   very  diligently  and    exquisitely.    And 

"  also  the  dean  of  Paul's,  if  he  were  in  London,  or  the 

"  dean   of  Westminster,  with  such  other  godly  preachers 

*'  as   his   lordship    should  think  fit,   to  persuade  him,  for 

"  the  disburdening  of  his  conscience,  and  the  avoiding  of 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  429 

"  damnation,  to  utter  the  truth  in  all  these  matters.  Where-   CHAP. 
"  by  her  majesty  conceived  he  might  be  brought  to  utter  all 


"  the  truth,  and  to  discover  all  false  practices,  if  such  had  Anno  1573. 
"  been  in  this  matter." 

In  this  discourse,  it  is  remarkable,  the  lord  chamberlain 
moved  her  majesty,  that  Dering  or  Sampson  (if  the  other 
could  not  get  that  which  she  desired  to  find)  might  deal 
with  him  :  to  whom,  perhaps,  as  the  lord  chamberlain  sug- 
gested, for  the  credit  and  esteem  he  had  of  them,  he  would 
upon  their  persuasion  utter  them  sooner  than  to  any  other. 
But  her  majesty  would  not  allow  of  it. 

As  for  the  bishops  of  the  church,  they  did  what  in  them  Laymen 
lay,  to  take  away  any  thing  that  might  justly  give  offence :  notalimit- 
as  in  the  regulation  of  their  courts,  and  in  requiring  com-  ted  into 

,  .  ,  ,  „     ,  ....     holy  orders. 

petent  learnmg,  and  study  at  one  01  the  universities,  in 
those  that  hereafter  were  to  be  admitted  into  the  ministry ; 
as  well  as  for  their  morals.  For  before  these  days,  near  the 
beginning  of  queen  Elizabeth''s  reign,  and  for  some  years  after, 
the  bishops  were  fain  sometimes  to  admit  into  holy  orders 
laymen,  and  such  as  formerly  had  followed  trades  or  hus- 
bandry, and  that  were  but  of  little  learning.  Yet  if  they 
were  sober,  and  of  honest  lives,  friends  to  the  religion,  and 
could  read  well,  they  would  ordain  them  readers  or  dea- 
cons, to  supply  small  cures;  very  many  in  these  times  being 
wholly  vacant.  This  was  the  reason  that  many  times  unfit 
men  got  into  the  church.  But  this  was  much  complained 
of;  and  not  without  cause.  And  the  bishops  resolved,  as 
much  as  they  could,  to  redress  this  abuse ;  refusing  hence- 
forth to  admit  any  such  to  orders,  unless  so  qualified,  as  be- 
fore. Some  canons  being  made  for  that  purpose,  the  bishop 
of  Norwich  had  a  trial  of  this,  this  year ;  as  I  find  among  29O 
his  letters. 

Mr.  Will.  Heydon,  a  gentleman  of  good  quality  in  Nor- Which  oc- 
folk,  an  earnest  professor  of  religion,  and  a  dear  friend  of  ^^,^3    ^^^^^ 
that  bishop,  comes  in  June  to  Ludham,  where  the  bishop '"«!  wiUi 
abode,  and  brings  with  him  an  old  man,  formerly  an  hus- of  Norwich, 
bandman,   past  his   labour,   spent  in   the   turmoils  of  the 
world,  that  understood  little  or  no  Latin,  to  be  made  a  mi- 


430      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1573 


Number 
XXXI. 

[XXXI.] 
Mr.  Hey- 
don's  let- 
ter, desir- 
ing recon- 
ciliatioQ. 


nister.  But  whatever  the  sohcitations  of  Mr.  Heydon  were 
with  his  friend  the  bishop,  his  obhgations  to  tlie  good  of  his 
diocese,  and  care  of  the  church,  were  such,  as  he  would  not 
admit  this  man  into  orders.  Whereat  the  gentleman  grew 
angry,  and  the  bishop,  naturally  somewhat  hasty,  was  as 
high  ;  and  very  sharp  words  passed  between  them  :  and  so 
they  parted.  Which  pleased  the  adversary  :  and  it  proved 
a  country  talk.  But  such  was  the  good  and  truly  gospel 
spirit  both  of  the  one  and  the  other,  that  they  were  both 
within  a  short  time  reconciled  again :  and  Heydon,  who 
seemed  to  give  the  first  cause,  (being  returned  home  to 
Holt,)  first  made  the  offer  of  reconciliation;  upon  this  pious 
consideration  of  his,  that  the  enemy  might  not  blaspheme. 
And  the  good  bishop  was  as  ready,  with  all  joy  and  cheer- 
fulness, to  embrace  the  offer.  Allow  me  therefore  to  recite 
both  their  letters,  containing  in  them  so  much  of  the  true 
Christian  temper  of  brotherly  love  and  condescension :  I 
have  reposited  them  in  the  Appendix. 

The  short  contents  of  Mr.  Hey  don's  letter  were,  "That 
"  coming  home,  he  met  with  some  company  that  ripped  up 
"  the  bishop's  circumstances  from  the  top  to  the  bottom, 
"  with  no  little  joy ;  and  that  they  were  much  pleased  at 
"  the  difference  that  had  happened  between  them.  He, 
"  upon  this,  considered  the  zeal  of  his  lordship,  and  his  own 
"  also,  towards  the  gospel.  And  earnestly  tendering  his 
"  lordship's  good  estate,  it  put  him  upon  the  thoughts  how 
"  meet  and  convenient  it  was  that  they  should  be  reconciled. 
"  And  that  therefore,  though  perhaps  he  might  have  for- 
"  got  the  duty  he  owed  to  his  lordship,  and  that  his  lord- 
"  ship  also  might  have  administered  some  cause  for  his 
"  choler ;  yet  now  considering  his  duty  towards  him,  [the 
"  bishop,]  and  what  credit  his  dealing  ought  to  win  towards 
*'  the  gospel,  and  to  prevent  the  pleasure  the  common 
"  enemy,  the  papist,  might  take  at  these  jarrings  among 
"  the  chief  professors  of  it ;  he,  for  his  part,  for  what  sharp 
"  words  he  had  spoken,  acknowledged  his  own  infirmity, 
*'  and  begged  his  lordship's  pardon.  And  so  prayed  his 
"  lordship  to  acquit  him  with  a  line  or  two,  to  the  satisfac- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  431 

"  tion  and  quieting  of  his  mind;  he  making  as  good  ac-    CHAP. 
"  count  of  him,  as  the  chiefest  bishop  in  the  land."  XXlX. 

The  bishop,  within  two  or  three  days"'  space,  gave  him  an- Anno  1573. 
swer  in  a  most  obhginff  Christian  manner :  shewing;  him,  "How  ^  ''^^  ^'' 

*=     "  .  to  '  liops 

"  glad  he  was,  and  thanked  God  for  it,  that  he  had  moved  Christian 

"  that  gentleman's  heart  so  speedily,  and,  as  it  were,  before  ^"*^^^'' 

"  the  sun''s  going  down,  to  forethink  himself  of  something 

"  that  had  been  lately  done  at  his  house.     And  then  vindi- 

"  eating  himself  in  his  refusal  of  that  old  man,  prayed  him 

"  to  bear  with  him,  though  he  agreed  not  with  him  in  mat- 

"  ters  that  were  in  his  judgment  offensive  to  God  and  his  own 

"  conscience,  and  slanderous  to  the  church.  And  bid  him  re- 

"  member  that  saying,  Amiais,  sed  usque  ad  arasy  And  com-  29 1 

ing  at  length  to  argue  with  him  about  the  matter,  he  asked 

him,  "  Whether  he  ought  to  go  clean  contrary  to  that,  to 

"  which  he  and  all  the  bishops  had  subscribed.  That  his  esti- 

"  mation  would  have  been  much  impaired,  if  he  should  have 

"  granted  that  request  of  his.    O!  Mr.  Heydon,"  added  he, 

"  I  and  all  other  bishops  have  made  too  many  such.     Ne- 

"  cessity  drave  us  to  do  the  same.     But  to  continue  so  to 

"  do,  it  were  a  fault  too  heinous.     And  of  late  years  he 

"  had  taken  great  care  in  that  behalf,  and  so  he  intended 

"  to  continue,  by  God's  grace.     And  then,  after  some  pe- 

"  riods,  in  conclusion  he  declared  to  him,  that  he  forgat  all, 

"  and  forgave  all  unfeignedly  :  and  that  he  did  heartily  re- 

"  joice  to  understand  the  same  of  him  :    and  lastly,  sub- 

"  scribed  himself,  his  assured  loving  friend  in  Christ."" 

About  this  time  something  happened,  (wherein  the  same  A  living 
bishop  was  also  concerned,)  in  which  I  cannot  but  observe  "ng'inX^rj 
the  care  that  was  taken  by  some  patrons  in  these  times,  that  keeper  Ba- 
is,  such  of  them  as  looked  upon  it  as  a  great  trust,  and  so  for  want  of 
used  a  conscience,  what  clerks  they  preferred  to  their  bene-  ^  ^^  '^^'^^^' 
fices,  that  might  be  capable  and  fitly  qualified  to  teach  and 
instruct,  officiate  and  give  good  example  to  their  flocks :  and 
so  took  greater  and  longer  deliberation,  before  they  made 
their  choice  :  or,  perhaps,  for  the  want  of  suflficient  clerks  in 
those  times,  out  of  which  to  make  a  choice.     One  of  these 
conscientious  patrons  I  look  upon  the  lord  keeper  Bacon  to 


432      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK  be,  who  had  kept  the  Hvingof  Stifkey,  in  the  diocese  of  the 
^'  said  bishop,  in  his  hands,  vacant  now  near  six  months,  and 
Anno  1573.  so  ere  long  like  to  lapse  to  the  bishop.  To  whom  therefore 
the  lord  keeper,  in  August,  sent  his  letter,  not  to  take  that 
advantage ;  and  that,  not  having  yet  a  fit  clerk  to  present  to 
it,  and  being  now  ready  to  lapse,  he  would  grant  him  some 
longer  time.  The  obliging  answer  the  bishop  gave  that 
lord  was,  "  That  he  would  grant  him  his  own  whole  six 
"  months.  And  that  as  he  was  many  ways  most  bounden 
"  unto  his  honour  for  many  benefits,  so  he  was  most  glad, 
"  when  any  ways  he  might  shew  himself  thankful  for  the 
"  same  :  who  neither  had,  nor  was  able  to  do  it  hitherto. 
"  That  his  honour  should  command  his  term  of  six  months, 
"  for  bestowing  of  his  benefice.  In  which  time,  nothing,  he 
"  said,  should  be  attempted  to  the  prejudice  of  his  lord- 
"  ship''s  interest,  or  the  hinderance  of  his  honourable  good 
"  purpose,  in  the  placing  of  an  able  person  :  which  the 
"  good  bishop  heartily  wished,  as  well  for  the  benefit  of  the 
"  inhabitants,  as  the  neighbours  adjoining."  And  so  he  was 
persuaded  Mr.  Nathaniel  Bacon  [who  was  the  said  lord 
keeper"'s  son,  and  to  whom  he  had  sent  a  letter  also]  would 
have  a  care  thereof. 

Such  a  conscientious  care,  I  presume,  was  that  also  of  the 
learned  and  religious  secretary  of  state,  sir  Tho,  Smith,  that 
the  schools  should  be  supplied  with  able  men,  for  the  teach- 
ing and  instructing  the  youth  of  the  nation  in  learning  and 
Christian  manners :  who,  in  the  same  month,  sent  to  the 
same  bishop,  recommending  one  Johnson  to  the  free-school 
of  Aylsham  in  Norfolk. 

The  answer  sent  by  the  same  person  was  to  this  tenor: 
'  That  the  order  and  foundation  of  that  school  was,  for  the 
'  bailiff  and  headboroughs  to  present,  and  the  bishop  to  ad- 
'  mit.  And  that  if  the  bearer  should  be  named  and  elect- 
'  ed,  as  afore  was  said,  he  would  be  ready  to  further  him. 
'  And  would  admit  him,  upon  the  trial  of  his  ability ;  and 
'  the  rather,  in  that  it  pleased  his  honour  to  commend  him ; 
'  being  every  way  ready  to  gratify  his  honour." 
But  by  what  I  have  further  to  relate  concerning  the  pro- 


Secretary 

Smith  re- 
commends 
a  school- 
master for 
Aylsham 
school. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  433 

viding  for  this  school,  the  bishop  shewed  his  care  of  the    CHAP, 
schools  in  his  diocese,  and  his  caution,  whom  he  admitted  to    ^^^^- 
the  education  of  youth,  as  well  as  to  be  ministers,  for  the  ^""o  1573. 
instruction  and  edification  of  the  people. 

Before  Johnson's  recommendation  to  the  bishop  for  this  The  bishop 
school  of  Aylsham,  one  Robert  Harrison,  M.  A.  living  nLve^dto'*' 
there,  a  man  of  some  learning,  but  a  puritan,  had  obtained  ^^""'^  =*  P"" 
so  much  favour  of  several  of  the  aldermen  of  Norwich,  that"^'  ^°  "  '  " 
they  recommended  him  to  the  bishop,  to  appoint  and  con- 
firm him  in  that  place.  But  this  man  had  but  a  little  before 
shewed  his  disaffection  to  the  hturgy  of  the  church,  by  re- 
fusing to  have  some  parts  of  the  oflice  of  matrimony  used  at 
his  marriage :  and  thereupon  declined  to  let  the  minister  of 
the  parish  perform  the  office.  But,  notwithstanding,  when 
he  afterwards  promised  more  conformity  and  obedience, 
Tho.  Peck,  mayor,  Drue  Drury,  Francis  Roberts,  John 
Aldrich,  aldermen,  wrote  a  letter  to  the  bishop,  to  grant  his 
consent  for  the  placing  of  the  said  Harrison  to  be  school- 
master in  the  said  school :  whom  they  styled  an  honest, 
learned  man :  adding,  that  they  had  lately  conference  with 
Mr.  Thexton,  vicar  of  that  parish,  a  learned  man,  as  his 
lordship  well  knew,  and  with  divers  others  of  the  ancientest 
and  gravest  of  the  town,  about  placing  him  in  that  school, 
and  found  them  well  inclined  thereto ;  notwithstanding  he 
had  of  late  given  some  offence  in  the  manner  of  his  mar- 
riage. For  which  he  had  shewed  some  penitence,  and  had 
likewise  made  a  faithful  promise  before  them,  that  he  would 
be  neither  author  nor  maintainer  of  any  faction  there.  This 
letter  was  dated  July  the  22d. 

To  which  the  bishop  the  same  month  gave  this  grave  an-  The  bishop 
swer;  "  That  he  had  been  greatly  laboured  and  dissuaded,  T^"''*^'  ^ 

o  J  ?  liini  :   and 

"  both  by  some  of  the  same  town,  as  by  other  gentlemen  of  why.  £p. 
"  the  country,  who  had  their  children  to  bring  up,  that  he  hurst.'  ^'''^' 
"  should  not  admit  this  man.  And  surely,  as  he  proceeded, 
"  there  are  great  causes  lead  me  thereto,  if  they,  or  any  of 
"  them,  be  found  true.  First,  he  is  a  very  young  man  ;  and 
"  though  learned,  yet,  in  respect  of  his  age,  and  want  of  ex- 
"  perience,  not  so  fit  as  many  others.  He  is  reported  to 
VOL.  II.  F  f 


434       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  condemn   tlie   reading  of  profane   authors   to   children. 
^-        "  Then  dare  I  boldly  say,  he  shall  never  bring  up  good 


Anno  1573."  scholars.  And  another  great  matter  is,  I  have  been  cre- 
"  dibly  informed,  that  he  hath  been  troubled  with  a  phrensy: 
"  which  sickness,  as  it  is  thought  incurable,  so  it  is  most 
"  dangerous  to  admit  such  a  person  to  have  rule  over  young 
"  ones ;  that  besides  his  young  years  hath  not  power  and 
"  rule  over  himself  at  all  times.  Touching  his  offence  in 
"  the  manner  of  his  marriage,  the  same  hath  been  doubled 
"  in  him ;  that  being  overnight  forewarned  by  one  of  his 
"  dearest  friends,  Mr.  Greenwood,  the  schoolmaster  there, 
"  (the  new  proclamation  then  newly  set  forth  considered,) 
"  that  he  should  admit  Mr.  Thexton  the  vicar,  to  marry 
"  him,  and  besides  that,  not  to  break  the  order  of  her  ma- 
"  jesty's  book  in  any  part,  yet  notwithstanding  he  enter- 
"  prised,  as  you  have  heard  ;  to  the  offence  of  divers,  and  to 
"  my  great  displeasure  and  discredit :  being  persuaded  that 
293  "  fact  of  his  is  not  unknown  to  my  lord  of  Canterbury,  and 
"  others  of  the  best  calling. 

"  And  touching  his  penitence,  it  is  far  from  that  you 
"  write  of,  that,  as  I  have  been  informed,  he  did  rather 
"  confirm  his  disobedience,  than  any  way  submit  himself  for 
"  the  same.  And  being  for  mine  own  part,  in  respect  of  my 
"  place,  as  also  for  duty  and  discharge  of  my  conscience, 
"  bound  to  have  a  special  care  of  the  youth  of  the  diocese, 
"  as  the  imps  that  by  God's  grace  may  succeed  us,  by  good 
"  bringing  up,  and  become  worthy  in  the  commonwealth ; 
"  I  cannot  be  easily  persuaded  to  admit  Mr.  Harrison  to 
"  any  such  charge  over  them.  And  thus  I  bid  you  heartily 
"  farewell.     From  Ludham." 

Yet  was  the  good  bishop  so  yielding,  that  not  long  after- 
wards, upon  other  informations  concerning  this  man,   as 
though  he  had  been  misrepresented,  the  bailiff  and  head- 
boroughs  presenting  him,  he  admitted  him  to  the  school. 
Which,  (as  the  bishop  concluded,)  coming  to  the  archbishop"'s 
ear,  caused  him  to  write  to  the  bishop,  blaming  him  for  it. 
Archbishop  For  in  fine,  the  first  report  concerning  Harrison's  behaviour 
book^iV.       ^"^  condition  proving  too   true,  together  with   some  mis- 
chap.  3S. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  433 

behaviour  at  the  baptizing  of  a  child,  the  bishop  turned  CHAP, 
him  out  again;  as  hath  been  related  more  at  large  else-  ^^^^- 
where.  Anno  1573. 

Winiam  Hughes,  D.  D.  was  this  year  preferred  to  the  Hughes,  bi- 
blshoprlc  of  St.  Asaph.     How  this  man  afterwards  behaved  Jj'/h'^  ^j^ 
himself,  leased  out  the  revenues  of  this  see,  converted  many  great  mis- 
benefices  to  his  own  use  by  commendams,  and  misgoverned  ^]^enY." 
his  diocese,  out  of  a  covetous  disposition,  came  to  light  after 
some   years  ;    informations   of    many   great   abuses   being 
brought  to  court  against  him.  Which  upon  complaint  seems  inquisition 
to  have  brought  on  a  visitation  of  that  church  ;   and  in-  ^^^^J  ^^^"^' 
qulsition  to  be  made  concerning  the  bishop's  government, 
and  the  state  of  the  revenues  of  the  see ;  what  benefices  the 
bishop  held  in  commendam,  and  what  leases  he  had  made, 
and  whether  to  the  prejudice  of  his  successors;  of  his  visi- 
tations and  his  courts;  what  residence  and  hospitality  among 
his  clergy  were  maintained.  And  a  particular  account  there- 
of was^  sent  up  in  the  year  1587,  being  drawn  up  in  wi-it- 
ing ;    shewing  the  present  state   of  that  bishopric  of  St. 
Asaph.     Wherein  Avas  discovered,  that  most  of  the  great 
livings  within   the   diocese,   some  with  cure  of  souls,   and 
some  without,  were  either  holden  by  the  bishop  himself  in 
commendam,  or  else  were  in  the  possession  of  such  men  as 
dwelt  out  of  the  country.   That  there  were  held  by  him  six- 
teen livings,  viz.  nine  cures,  and  seven  sine  cures.     That 
there  was  never  a  preacher  within  the  diocese  that  kept  or- 
dinary hospitality,  but  only  three.    Whereby  it  came  to  pass, 
that  the  former  accustomed  good  and  charitable  housekeep- 
ing was  quite  decayed  in  the  diocese.   And  particularly  one, 
that  had  two  of  the  greatest  livings  in  the  diocese,  was  so 
far  from  keeping  hospitahty,  that  he  boarded  himself  in  an 
alehouse.     That  divers  parcels  of  the  bishopric  were  leased 
out,  and  confirmed  by  him,  to  the  hinderance  of  his  suc- 
cessors :    some  whereof  were  lordships  and  manors,  others 
good  rectories.    That  he  had  got  all  the  keys  of  the  chapter 
seal  within    the   keeping  of  his   own  chaplains  ;    that  he 
might  confirm  what  he  would  himself.     That  in  his  visita- 
tion, he  caused  the  clergy  of  his  diocese  to  pay  for  his  diet, 
*     F  f  2 


436      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    and  of  the  rest  of  his  train,  over  and  above  the  procurations, 
.  appointed  by  the  law  for  that  purpose.    And  lastly,  that  by 


Anno  1673.  his  negligence  there  were  so  many  recusants  in  that  country, 

■^'^'*  as  then  there  were.   This  is  a  short  abstract  of  that  paper  of 

information  against  that  bishop,  and  was  presented  to  the 

lord  treasurer :  and  that  I  may  not  be  thought  to  wrong 

the  memory  of  a  bishop  long  since  deceased,  and  that  the 

N°. XXX II. whole  maybe  preserved,  I  have  left  it  in  the  Appendix, 
faithfully  transcribed  from  the  original. 

Hughes  un-      Of  one  Hughes,  (in  all  probability  the  same  with  this  bi- 

bea'bfshon.  ^^op  Hughes,)  Davies,  bishop  of  St.  David"'s,  gave  notice  to 
secretary  Cecil,  when  in  the  year  1565  the  said  Hughes 
made  an  interest  to  obtain  the  bishopric  of  LandafF,  then 
void.  And  prayed,  "  That  a  man  of  such  deficiencies  might 
"  not  fill  such  a  weighty  place  in  the  church  :  for  that  he 
"  was  one  that  was  utterly  unlearned  in  divinity,  nor  was 
"  able  to  render  a  reason  of  his  faith.  And  what  service 
"  could  such  an  one  be  able  to  do  to  God  and  the  queen's 
"  majesty  in  that  place,  that  of  all  other  places  had  of  long 
"  time  most  lacked  good  doctrine  and  true  knowledge  of 
"  God  ?''"'-  But  this  bishop"'s  whole  letter,  savouring  of  a 
right  Christian  and  episcopal  spirit,  and  containing  some 
other  remarks  in  it,  and  being  but  short,  I  have  thought 

[Number  w^orthy  to  be  read,  and  preserved  in  the  Appendix :  and  also 
■^  to  store  up  as  much  as  we  can  of  the  memory  of  our  first 
protestant  bishops;  especially  such  as  were  exiles  for  the 
gospel,  as  this  bishop  of  St.  David's  was  one.  To  which  I 
may  add,  that  he  was  one  of  the  bishops  that  assisted  at 
the  translation  of  the  Bible  in  queen  Elizabeth's  reign ; 
called  therefore  the  Bishops'  Bible. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  437 

CHAP.    XXX. 

PilJcington,  bishop  of  Durham,  desires  the  queen's  leave  to  295 
come  up  this  winter.  Lands  of  the  bishopric  detained. 
His  letter  thereof  to  the  secretary  Cecill.  A  contest  be- 
tween the  bishop  of  Norwich,  doctor  Gardiner,  and  others, 
about  the  archdeaconry  of  Norwich.  The  case.  Gardiner 
gets  the  deanery  of  Norwich.  The  bishop  and  he  reconcil- 
ed. Gardiner''s  good  service  to  the  church  of  Norwich.  The 
bishop  of  Ely  visits  St.  JohfCs  college.  Bingham,  a  great 
soldier,  recommended  to  the  lord  treasurer.  Rcife  Lane's 
characters  of  Leicester,  Burghley,  Sussex,  Hatton,  and 
other  courtiers.  A  controversy  in  BeneH  college,  Cam- 
bridge. Books  now  set Jbrth.  The  queen'' s  pj-ogress  into 
Sussex  and  Kent.  The  bishop  of  Norwich'' s  letter  to  the 
bailiff  of  Yarmouth,  concerning  the  punishing  of  wicked- 
ness there.     The  unseasonable  weather  this  year. 

J.  COME  now  to  represent  some  particular  persons,  chiefly  Remarks  of 
such  as  belonged  to  the  church;  and  to  gather  up  divers g^ns^    ^ 
matters  of  remark  concerning  them ;   tending  to  retrieve 
memorials  of  their  piety,  learning,  or  other  concerns ;  hap- 
pening within  the  compass  of  this  year. 

Pilkington,  the  grave  and  truly  reverend  bishop  of  Dur- Bishop  of 
ham,  deserveth  to  have  some  notice  taken  of  him  here;  he-g;"g^^,^™gpj 
ing;  one  of  the  pious  exiles,  that  at  their  return  were  the  the  queen  to 

^  come  up. 

first  bishops  settled  in  the  newly  reformed  church  of  Eng- 
land. He  was  still  alive,  but  by  reason  of  his  age  very 
much  pinched  by  the  winter's  cold  in  that  northern  part  of 
the  nation.  The  queen  required  residence  of  her  bishops  in 
their  dioceses ;  and  would  not  permit  them  to  come  up  to 
London  without  special  leave  ;  that  they  might  keep  hospi- 
tality, and  their  presence  might  awe  the  papists,  specially  in 
those  parts.  It  was  now  September,  in  the  declining  of  the 
year,  when  this  good  bishop  signified  to  the  lord  treasurer, 
both  his  desire  to  come  into  these  southern  quarters,  for 
the  avoiding  the  extremity  of  the  winter-season,  and  also 
his  pious  acquiescence  in  God's  disposal  of  him,  whatever 
should  happen.     For  these  were  his  words  to  that  lord; 

F  f3 


438       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  That  the  common  griefs  that  he  had  suffered  there  for 

•        "  sundry  winters  past,  made  him  to  think  what  he  should 

Anno  1573."  look  for  the  winter  that  was  then  at  hand.     That  it  had 

"  begun  so  sharply  with  him  already,  that  he  feared  the 

"  latter  end  would  be  worse.     And  therefore  if  his  lordship 

"  thought  good  to  move  her  majesty  that  he  might  come 

"  up  this  winter,  he  should  desire  him  to  let  him  under- 

*'  stand  her  highness"'  pleasure.     That  if  liis  wisdom  thought 

"  the  time  served  not  for  such  a  motion,  he  should  content 

"  himself;  and  commit  himself  to  his  hand,  that  had  both 

296  "  life  and  death,  health  and  sickness  at  his  commandment. 

*'  There  is,"  added  he,  "  a  highway  to  heaven,  out  of  all 

"  countries.    Of  which  free  passage,  I  praise  God,  I  doubt 

"  not." 

And  then  to  incline  the  queen  to  allow  of  his  absence 
from  thence,  he  shewed,  "  That  the  country  there  (praising 
"  God  for  it)  was  outwardly  quiet  enough,  and  that  more 
**  continuers  than  aforetime  would  abide  there  :  as  sir  Georo-e 
"  Bowes  and  his  brother  there,  [at  Durham,]  besides  others 
"  of  the  council  at  York.  He  appointed  nothing,  but  re- 
"  ferred  him  wholly  to  his  lordship's  discretion,  to  deal  for 
"  him,  as  he  saw  cause.  Only  this  he  would  crave  of  his 
"  goodness,  to  know,  with  such  convenient  speed  as  might 
"  be,  what  he  might  do  with  good  leave,  come  or  tarry ; 
"  that  he  might  prepare  himself  thereafter.  For  when  the 
"  weather  should  be  sharper,  he  should  not  be  able  to  tra- 
"  vel,  if  he  would,  hereafter."  And  then  he  ended  with  a 
prayer;  "  The  great  God  long  preserve  you  to  serve  him,  to 
"  his  glory,  his  lordship's  honour,  and  the  comfort  of  the 
"  people.    22d  of  September. 

"  Your  lordship's  to  command, 

"  Ja.  Duresme." 

His  letter  to      It  may  be  added  here,  concerning  this  bishop,  (because  I 
cemiiu°'t'he  ^^^^  "^^  ^^^^'^  occasion  to  Say  any  thing  more  of  him,)  what 


lands  of  the  labour  and  care  he  took  to  preserve  the  revenues  of  his  bi- 

detained!'    shopric,  (some  parts  whereof  were  unrighteously  detained 

till  the  year  1565,)  and  the  endeavours  he  used  for  the  re- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  439 

covery  of  them.     These  were  the  detained  lands,  and  their    CHAP, 
values,  as  he  wrote  them  down,  and  sent  the  paper  thereof     ^^^' 


Their 

value. 

dg'lSO 

0 

0 

323 

13 

4 

72 

9 

0 

23 

0 

11 

47  16 

1 

19 

6  11 

24 

11 

7 

39 

7 

H 

218 

9 

H 

91 

5 

8^ 

to  sir  William  Cecil,  secretary.    The  values  were  according  Anno  1573. 
as  the  lord  treasurer  had  rated  them. 
The  detained  lauds. 

Norham,  and  the  shire 

Esington  ward 

Esington  Coronator 

Sadberg  _         _         - 

Coton  Mundivel 

Middelham       _         _         _ 

Gateshed  _         _         _ 

Creik        -         .         -         - 

AUerton,  and  the  shire 

A  pension  out  of  Howden 
All  parcels  of  the  county  palatine. 

The  state  of  this  business  the  bishop  set  down  after  this 
manner,  in  a  letter  to  the  said  Cecil,  hoping  to  have  some 
order  by  his  means : 

"  Gratia  et  pax.  I  have  sent  your  honour  a  note  of  svich 
"  lands  as  be  detained  from  me,  with  the  valo?'  of  them,  as 
"  the  lord  treasurer  rated  them.  Norham,  and  the  shire,  is 
"  exempted  from  Cumberland,  and  made  part  of  the  county 
"  palatine  of  Durham,  and  of  as  great  liberties.  So  is 
"  Creik  in  all  things  from  Yorkshire.  And  all  suits  and  297 
"  prisoners  come  to  Durham.  Allerton  has  great  liberties, 
"  but  not  fully  so  much.  All  other  parcels  lie  within  the 
"  county  of  Durham. 

"  The  inconveniencies  in  detaining  them,  as  the  lawyers 
"  say,  is  such,  that  all  such  as  hold  any  lands  within  these 
"  parcels  of  the  bishop,  cannot  sell,  nor  aliene,  nor  make  a 
"  good  conveyance  or  state  in  law,  to  any  person ;  not  so 
"  much  as  a  jointure  to  his  wife,  as  hath  been  proved  of 
"  late ;  nor  sell  any  part  after  his  office  found.  Because  the 
"  bishop  cannot  give  him  his  liberate  of  them  :  as  even  now 
"  is  in  experience  by  one  Claxton,  that  sold  his  land  to  Per- 
"  kinson.    Who  procured  divers  of  the  council's  letters,  that 

F  f  4 


440       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "I  would  grant  him  his  liverie  :  which  I  cannot,  being  ex- 
"  empted  from  me.     Nor  the  queen''s  majesty  nauther  can 


Anno  1573. "  graunt  it  him  :  for  that  she  holdeth  them  contrary  to  law. 
"  And  having  not  his  liverie,  say  the  lawyers,  nullum  ei 
"  restat  liberum  tenementum.  The  like  is  judged  to  be  in 
"  copyholders  and  leases  also.  Which  causeth  great  mur- 
"  murings  among  the  people,  and  maketh  many  intruders 
"  and  usurpers.  Whereof  must  needs  issue  infinite  suits, 
"  brawlings,  and  quarrellings.  Which  I  am  sorry  should 
"  chance  in  the  time,  or  by  occasion  of  any  that  professes 
"  Christ's  gospel.  And  surely  the  people  say,  this  is  the 
"  fruit  of  our  religion,  to  procure  such  mischiefs. 

"  I  can  wish  the  amendment  of  it,  but  God  must  work  it. 
"  And  for  my  own  part,  I  will  be  no  partaker  of  any  such 
"  injuries  to  so  many  people,  so  farre  as  I  may  avoid  it. 

"  Furthermore,  it  were  time  :  the  danger  is  great :  the 
"  shii-e  is  small.  And  yet  if  any  of  the  wardens  of  the 
"  marches  send  for  aid  to  the  bishop  on  the  sudden,  he 
"  must  give  them  help.  The  shire  is  divided  into  four 
"  wards.  Of  which  is  detained  from  me  a  ward  and  an  half. 
"  There  be  seven  lords  within  the  shire,  Northumberland, 
"  Cumberland,  Westmorland,  Dacres,  Evers,  Scrope,  Lum- 
"  ley;  that  have  great  lands  and  liberties;  where  the  bishop 
"  hath  not  to  do.  Beside  the  dean  and  chapter,  and  the 
"  great  liberty  of  the  queen's  majesty's  lands  in  Bernard's 
"  castle,  and  other  suppressed  lands ;  of  which  none  be  at 
"  the  bishop's  command.  All  these  being  taken  from  the  bi- 
"  shop,  it  is  easy  to  see  what  aid  the  bishop  shall  be  able  to 
"  give  in  time  of  need.  For  none  of  the  others  do  sturre 
"  without  special  commandment  from  the  prince  :  nor  be  at 
"  the  warden's  commandment. 

"  But  this  harm  is  not  only  in  war,  but  in  commissions, 
"  juries,  carriages,  &c.  None  or  few  of  these  do  serve  the 
"  queen,  save  only  the  bishop's  tenants,  and  few  of  the 
"  poorer  freeholders.  The  commodities,  which  be  thought 
"  great  for  the  wardship,  marriages,  and  reliefs,  I  assure 
"  your  honour,  are  very  small.  For  every  man  almost  hath 
"  purchased  suppressed  lands,  and  so  become  wards  to  the 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  441 

"  queen.    Truly,  I  have  had  only  one  poor  relief  these  five    CHAP. 
"  years,  of  xxl.  for  all  offices  that  were  found.    Cods,  which     ^^^' 
"  is  the  great  commodity  of  the  country,  there  is  none  at  all  Anno  1573. 
"  within  these  detained  lands ;  nor  wood,  saving  a  little  at 
"  Allerton :  out  of  my  woods,  I  give  the  tenants  of  these 
"  detained  lands  for  their  reparations.    This  commodity  I 
"  have  by  it.     Besides,  that  I  pay  the  queen's  majesty  her  298 
"  rent  duly,  although  they  pay  me  slowly. 

"  God  graunt,  tliat  these  things  may  be  duly  considered; 
"  and  then  it  will  easily  appear,  whether  I  seek  mine  own 
"  profit,  or  the  advancement  of  justice,  and  avoiding  of  in- 
"  juries  and  mischiefs  to  many  people."  And  then,  like  a 
holy  bishop,  he  concludes  with  his  prayer;  "  The  Lord  long 
"  preserve  you  to  serve  him,  and  his  people,  to  his  glory, 
"  their  comfort,  and  your  heart's  ease. 

"  Yours  wholly, 

"  Ja.  AuvwAju,." 

The  bishop,  who  was  thus  diligent  and  conscientious  in  Those  lands 
soliciting  the  recovery  of  the  lands  and  lordships  aforesaid,  ^^^^  "^^  ^^ 
for  the  good  of  his  church,  was  at  last  successful,  and  did  the  bishop's 
obtain  the  restoration  of  them  again,  by  the  good  assistance 
of  Cecil :  but  still  with  the  burden  of  a  considerable  rent- 
charge  to  be  paid  to  the  queen,  her  heirs  and  successors,  of  Paying  a 
1020Z.  yearly ;  as  appears  by  an  authentic  paper,  expressive  [o^hg  ^^" 
of  the  same :  that  is,  for  the  manors  and  lordships  situate  in  queen. mss. 
the  county  of  York,  and  bishopric  of  Durham,  880Z.     For 
those  in  Northumberland  and  Elandshire,  in  the  county  of 
Northumberland,  140Z.  These  lands  were  retained  by  virtue 
of  an  act  of  parliament  made  in  the  first  year  of  the  queen. 

The  foresaid  paper  (belonging  to  bishop  Hutton's  time) 
bears  this  title :  "  A  parcel  of  possessions  late  belonging  to 
"  the  bishopric  of  Durham,  now  retained  in  the  hands  of 
"  our  sovereign  lady  Elizabeth,  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  par- 
"  liament  established  in  the  first  year  of  her  reign.  And 
"  then  are  set  down  the  names  of  the  lordships  and  manors 
"  situate  in  the  counties  of  York  and  Durham.  And  then 
"  follows :   QucB  omnia  prcBmissa  concessa  Juerunt  Jacoho 


442      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  miper  episcopo  Dunehnensi;  ac  modo  MatthcBo  episcopo 
"  Dunelmensi :  reddendo  inde  domince  regince,  hceredibus  et 


Anno  1573."  successoribus  suis  per  annum  880/.""  And  after  this,  there 
is  a  particular  of  the  possessions  in  Northumberland ;  and 
the  yearly  payments  for  them,  viz.  140Z.  And  then,  at  the 
bottom  thereof,  is  writ,  "  Memorandum,  These  two  sums 
"  above-mentioned  have  been  yearly  answered  to  her  ma- 
"  jesty,  since  the  first  retaining  of  the  same  hitherto." 

These  annuities,  in  the  nature  of  a  rent,  were  paid  to 
the  crown  for  those  lands  above  specified,  and  seemed  to  be 
continued  all  along  upon  that  bishopric,  till  the  alienation 
of  those  very  lands  and  estates  long  after,  in  the  years  of 
1648  and  1649,  &c.  sacrilegiously  sold  away  from  it :  (as 
the  lands  of  the  other  bishoprics  then  were.)  As  an  account 
thereof,  together  with  their  purchasers,  and  respective  sums 
Rev.  T.  Ba- paid  for  them,' was  taken  by  the  deputy  register  of  that  bi- 
shopric,  which  I  have,  for  the  reader''s  entertainment,  repo- 
Nuniber      sited  in  the  Appendix;  as  a  copy  thereof  was  communicated 

■     to  me  by  a  learned  and  worthy  friend. 
The  bi-  But  when  the  monarchy  and  episcopacy  took  place  again 

em°'ted^^'  at  the  happy  restoration,  this  payment  from  that  bishopric 
from  this  remained  to  the  crown,  luitil  king  Charles  II.  remitted  it  to 
men/- aiid  that  sec  on  this  account;  viz.  Upon  his  first  coming  in,  there 
^^'ly-  was  an  act  made  for  taking  away  the  court  of  wards.     And 

y*^  so  the  court  of  loay-ds,  that  belonged  to  this  county  palatine 
of  old,  was  also  taken  away  by  that  act.    ^^^lereby  the  bi- 
shops of  that  see  lost  a  good  branch  of  their  revenue.     The 
king,  in  compensation  for  this,  forgave  the  annuity  of  880/* 
paid  before  to  the  queen  dowager :   making  a  grant  to  Co- 
sins,  that  then  was  the  learned  and  most  worthy  bishop  of 
Durham,  of  an  exemption  from  that  annuity,  belonging  to 
the  then  queen-mother,  in  reversion  after  her  death  unto 
him,  and  then  to  his  successors. 
Life  of  Bi-        This  is  mentioned  in  the  Life  of  Bishop  Cosins,  by  Dr. 
siliT  p.°56'.  Basire ;  as  a  good  deed  to  that  bishopric,  done  and  brought 
and  98.       about  by  his  means  and  interest.     Which  annuity  had  been 
a  long  time  before  accustomably  paid  to  the  cjueens  of  Eng- 
land. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  44-3 

But  how  these  lands  of  this  wealthy  bishopric  were  looked  CHAP, 
upon  with  an  envious  and  greedy  eye,  even  in  queen  Eliza- 


beth''s  reign,  may  appear  from  the  large  and  long  leases  Anno  1573. 
made  by  bishop  Pilkinoton,  but  especially  his  next  succes- ff "^'^*  ^'^    . 

J  i  o         '  I  J        ^      ^  the  queen  of 

sor,  bishop  Barnes,  to  the  queen,  for  the  gratifying  of  some  the  lands  of 
gentlemen.    Which  may  be  seen  from  an  original  paper,  be-  J^^^    '*  "^' 
longing  some  time  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley,  now  set 
in  the  Appendix.  Number 

^^  .  XXXIV. 

George  Gardiner,  D.  D.  a  prebendary  of  the  cathedral  ^^  Gardi- 
church  of  Norwich,  was  this  year  nominated  by  the  queen  "^r  gets  the 
to  the  deanery  of  the  said  church,  as  he  had  by  her  also,  ry  of  Nor- 
about  a  year  before,  enjoyed  the  archdeaconry  of  Norwich,  ^^''*^'*' 
by  a  lapse.  Both  which  dignities  were  obtained  for  him  by 
the  earl  of  Leicester''s  interest.  He  was  a  man  of  learning 
and  merit,  and  a  hearty  professor  of  the  gospel ;  and  of  good 
friendship  and  understanding  with  the  bishop.  But  a  dif- 
ference now  unhappily  fell  out  between  them.  The  cause  Contested, 
was  a  contention  about  the  archdeaconry.  The  presentation 
Avhereof  had  been  granted  before  by  the  bishop  to  one  Mr. 
Roberts,  an  old  and  dear  friend  of  his ;  who  was  at  present 
in  possession.  But  nevertheless  it  was  in  contest  between 
the  said  Roberts  and  one  Rugg.  Who  was  also  presented 
to  it  by  virtue  of  the  next  advowson  of  it,  which  the  bishop 
was  said  to  have  granted  unto  his  false  receiver,  Thimel- 
thorp.  Who  making  over  all  his  goods  and  chattels  to  one 
Barnes,  this  advowson,  being  reckoned  among  them,  came 
hereby  to  the  said  Barnes  :  who,  by  virtue  thereof,  upon  the 
avoidance,  presented  Rugg.  But  while  these  two  were  at 
law  together,  the  right  of  presentation  lapsed  to  the  queen. 
And  Dr.  Gardiner  being  now  informed  that  the  title  of  nei- 
ther party  was  good,  and  that  it  was  indeed  lapsed,  took 
the  opportunity,  and  got  the  grant  thereof  from  the  queen. 
Hence  a  new  lawsuit  was  ready  to  be  commenced  between 
Roberts  and  Gardiner :  and  so  hotly  followed,  that  Roberts 
told  the  other,  he  would  not  leave  off  to  recover  his  right, 
though  it  cost  him  500Z.  Gardiner  said,  he  had  no  such 
substance,  yet  he  would  not  give  over  so  long  as  he  had  a 
penny  left. 


444       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        But  the  bishop  was  exceedingly  angry  with  Dr.  Gardiner 

•        for  this  act  of  his  :  and  there  passed  some  angry  letters  from 

Anno  1573. him  to  the  other,  telling   him,   "That  he  had  done  him 

The  bishop  a  y^^Qj^fy  ^^^q  ways.     First,  in  underminin^j  his  dear  friend : 

angry  with  »  J  '  o 

Gardiner.     '<  whom,  as  he  knew,  he  [the  bishop]  loved  and  tendered 

"  as  himself.     Next,  in  making  him  the  cloak  of  that  prac- 

"  tice,  [for  Gardiner  had  reported,  he  had  done  it  with  the 

300  "  bishop''s  consent,]  that  he  was  so  far  from  granting,  as  he 

"  had,  and  would  withstand  the  same  against  any  person, 

"  that  should  offer  so  great  wrong  to  his  friend.     That  he 

"  had  hurt  himself  greatly  herein,  in  confirming  the  opinion 

"  that  went  of  him,  as  ambitious,  and  seeking  his  own  ad- 

"  vancement,  though  his  friends  were  hurt  thereby.     He 

"  wished  this  rumour  might  cease,  and  spread  no  farther; 

"  and  that  he  would  give  him  none  occasion  of  breach  of 

"  friendship   or  misliking;   who  had   ever  been,   since  he 

"  knew  him,  liis  trusty  friend,  in  spite  of  all  his  enemies : 

"  and  he  should  find  him  still  any  ways  ready  to  pleasure 

"  him ;  so  that  his  [the  bishop''s]  credit  and  the  safety  of 

"  his  other  friends  were  not  hurt  thereby.    He  bade  him  be 

"  judge  himself,  whether  he  ever  granted  any  thing  hurtful 

"  to  Roberts."'''     The  truth  was,  there  were  some  overtures 

made  to  him  by  Gardiner,  concerning  his  reUnquishing  of 

the  archdeaconry  upon  some  terms,  which  the  bishop  was 

privy  to. 

Gardiner          But  Gardiner  answered  with  words  of  all  due  respect  and 

self  to  Ihe"  softness ;  and  in  fine,  he  desired  the  bishop,  that  the  case 

bishop.        might  be  referred  to  lawyers  and  friends  to  judge  of  their 

right;  and  that  if  the  bishop  would  judge  of  any  thing  fitting 

for  him  to  do  about  the  award,  he  would  be  ready  to  do  it. 

The  bishop's   angry  letter  to   Gardiner  caused  him   to 

write  two  letters,  one  to  the  bishop,  and  another  to  Roberts, 

which  being  so  peaceably  penned,  and  stating  the  matter,  I 

Number      have  put  into  the  Appendix. 

XX.XV.  jj^  ^Y^^  mean  time,  Roberts,  by  the  advice  of  the  bishop, 

asked  the  judgment  of  two  of  the  ablest  lawyers,  Mr.  Gandy 
and  Mr.  Bell,  (now  speaker  of  the  house  of  commons,)  both 
afterwards  judges. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  445 

The  case  was  stated  thus  to  Gandy.     George  Thimel-    CHAP, 
thorp,   having  right   by  advowson  to  the  archdeaconry  of     ^^^• 


Norwicli,  conveyeth  over  his  goods  and  chattels  to  certain  Anno  1573. 
trustees,  and  afterwards,  in  his  own  name,  presenteth  John  J^^  '^^^^ 
Rugg  to  the  archdeaconry.     My  lord  bishop  making  some  Roberts  and 
exception,  and  commencing  suit  together  with  Mr.  Roberts, 
unto  whom  the  said  lord  bishop  had  bestowed  the  advowson 
in  reversion,   being  patron  thereof.    While   the   said   Mr. 
Rugg  and  Mr.  Roberts  contend  in  law,  and  both  installed, 
and  one  year  expired,  one  comes,  supposing  the  queen's 
majesty  to  have  right  by  lapse,  and  begs  the  same  of  her 
grace :   whether  may  any  such  lapse  fall  to  the  prince,  or 
any  person,  lite  pendente,  et  ecclesia  plena  ?   Mr.  Gardiner 
saith,  Mr.  Thimelthorp''s  advowson  doth  still  remain  good : 
notwithstanding  his  conveyance  can  take  no  place  now ;  but 
the  gift    through   Thimelthorp"'s  negligence  is  fallen  into 
lapse. 

This  reason  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  that  it  should  be  in  the  The  judg- 
queen's  gift  by  lapse,  is  utterly  disliked  of  sergeant  Gandy,  "ga'nt  Gan'* 
and  some  others  that  have  been  talked  withal.     And  the  dy  and  the 
civil  lawyers  do  generally  disallow  such  kind  of  lapse.     For*^^' ' 
the  while  two  persons  do  contend  for  a  right  of  presentation 
(which  often  happens)  while  the  suit  hangs,  a  third  person 
shall  seek  the  lapse :   which  hath  not  been  heard  of  before 
this. 

Then  follow  notes  of  Mr.  Robert  Bell,  touching  the  mat- 
ter above-written ;  viz. 

"  These  instructions  are  in  divers  parts  imperfect:  how- 301 
*'  beit,  with  conference  with  Mr.  Gaiton  and  this  bearer,  I  Mr.  Beii 
"  take  it,  that  I  understand  the  cause ;  and,  as  I  take  it,  his  opinion. 
"  that  Thimelthorp,  by  his  deed  of  gift  of  his  goods  andp'^'^-pP'^^- 
*'  chattels  to  Barnes,  hath  given  away  his  interest  in  the 
"  advowson. 

*'  Item,  I  think  that  Thimelthorp''s  interest,  by  both  the 
"  several  grants,  was  good  in  law. 

"  Item,  I  think,  that  Barnes  his  title  is  lost  by  lapse. 

**  Item,   I   think  also,  the  prince  cannot  have  any  ad- 
"  vantage,  because  the  promotion  was  full  of  an  incumbent. 


44G       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  And  though  it  were  by  wrong,  yet  the  title  of  the  prince 
^-         "  is  not  any  way  due,  but  by  lapse.     And  as  this  case  is, 
Anno  1573.  "  there  is  no  lapse. 

"  Item,  Touching  the  draught  of  the  act  of  parliament,  it 
"  shall  be  considered  of  sufficiently,  if  the  parliament  doth 
*'  hold.  And  it  is  bvit  lost  labour  to  enter  now  into  any 
"  further  consideration,  until  the  parhament  begins;  and 
'*  then  I  will  do  the  best  I  can." 

[Bell,  being  speaker  of  the  house  of  parliament,  he  was 
desired  to  move  the  next  sessions  for  an  act  to  settle  this 
matter.  This  refers,  I  suppose,  to  a  bill,  the  late  sessions  of 
parliament,  14  Eliz.  touching  pj-escntations  by  lapse.  Which 
was  read  twice,  and  ordered  to  be  engrossed :  but  passed 
not  into  an  act.] 

"  Item,  I  think  very  clearly,  that  the  parliament  will  not 

"  hold  at  this  time,  for  divers  causes  and  reasons,  needless 

"  to  be  recited." 

Someietters      Gardiner,  while  this  cause  depended,  was  very  uneasy, 

between  |  ■        better  to  the  bishop  told  him,  that  he  had  lived  so 

Gardiner  r  ' 

and  the  bi-  much  troubled  and  disquieted  in  mind  about  this  matter, 
this^mat^er.  that  he  could  never  rest,  nor  take  his  meat  to  his  comfort. 
And  therefore  concluded,  that  he  would  yield  up  his  whole 
right  into  his  lordship's  hands,  to  do  withal  as  he  should 
think  best.  Yet  in  a  letter  afterwards,  he  seemed  to  revoke 
this,  and  insisted  upon  his  own  right.  For  this  the  bishop 
twitted  him,  and  told  him  in  a  letter,  he  could  expect  no 
favour  at  his  hands,  that  had  deserved  none.  But  Gardiner 
again,  in  a  more  submissive  manner,  answered  the  bishop's 
sharp  letter,  promising,  "  That  if  he  would  grant  it  was  his 
"  right,  then  upon  his  letter  he  should  have  the  sole  inter- 
"  est,  only  considering  his  charges,  as  he  should  think  good. 
"  So  constant,  said  he,  am  I :  adding,  I  had  rather  it  be 
"  said,  This  man  lost  a  good  living  to  keep  a  friend,  than 
"  lost  a  good  friend  to  keep  a  living.  Finally,  do  with  me 
"  (as  he  concluded)  as  you  will ;  so  as  you  deal  after  your 
"  old  manner,  like  a  friend.  All  the  world  as  yet  shall  not 
"  separate  me  from  my  lord  the  bishop  of  Norwich."  This 
was  writ  the  begimiing  of  September. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  447 

The  next  month,  the  deanery  of  Norwich  became  void,    CHAP, 
by  the  decease  of  Salisbury  the  dean,  who  was  also  bishop 
of  Man.     The  bishop  of  Norwich  now  thought  to  make  use  Anno  1573 
of  this,  as  an  opportunity  to  put  an  end  to  this  troublesome  ^''.'^  'bishop 
business,  by  getting  Gardiner  placed  in  that  dignity ;  and  court  for 
so  to  resign  his  pretences  to  the  archdeaconry.     This  put  u^'^deanof 
him  upon  writing  a  letter  to  his  good  friend  Dr.  Wylson,  at  ^'°''"'''^''  = 
court;  moving  him  to  do  his  endeavour  to  procure  Gardiner 
the  deanery,  but  conditionally ;  and  yet  with  respect  to  an- 
other divine  that  the  said  city  laboured  to  procure  the  said 
deanery  for.    His  letter  was  to  this  tenor :  "  That  it  was  so 
"  now,  that  my  lord  bishop  of  Man,  being  dean  of  Christ's  302 
"  Church,  was  departed  this  world,  and  great  suit  was  made 
"  for  the  same  promotion.     That  the  city  of  Norwich  had 
"  written  up  for  one  Mr.  Bird,  a  very  godly  man,  and  well 
"  learned.   That  he  was  also  desired  to  write  to  him  for  one 
"  Dr.  Gardyner,  who  was  also  well  learned,   and  a  good 
"  preacher.     That  he  had  given   an   archdeaconry  to  one 
"  Mr.  Roberts,  (whom  he  called  his  dear  friend,)  whom  the 
"  said  Gardyner,  as  he  said,  had  endeavoured  to  supplant 
"  of  the  foresaid  promotion.   And  that  when  he  came  up  to 
"  London  of  late,  he  intended  to  pursue  his  purpose,  as  he 
"  heard  say.     The  bishop  then  requested  Dr.  Wylson,  that 
"  if  he  perceived  that  to  be  true,  that  he  would  do  nothing 
"  for  him,  being  so  ungrateful  to  him.     But  if  he  suffered 
"  his  friend   Mr.  Roberts  to  continue  quiet  in  his  living, 
"  then  he  prayed  him  to  do  what  he  could  either  for  Gar- 
"  dyner  or   Bird :    for  to  write  against  the  whole  city  he 
"  would  not.     And  that  either  of  them  both  was  well  able 
"  to  discharge  that  office." 

But  without  this  condition,  hinted  by  the  bishop,  Gardi- 
ner, by  the  interest,  not  of  Wylson,  but  a  greater  than  he, 
viz.  the  earl  of  Leicester,  obtained  tlie  deanery,  and  to  be  the 
queen  s  chaplain  too.  By  which  means  he  kept  the  contest 
still  on  foot ;  requiring  terms  before  he  would  lay  it  down. 
Nay,  and  he  had  so  much  favour  from  the  earl,  that  he  got 
the  earl  to  write  an  earnest  and  powej-ful  letter  to  tiie  bi- 


448       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    shop,  to  surcease,  and  permit  him  to  enjoy  his  preferment 
quietly,  in  these  words : 

Anno  1573. 

Earl  of  Lei-     "  After  my  hearty  commendations.  Whereas  it  pleased  the 

tefto  tilf   "  queen's  majesty,  at  my  suit,  to  prefer  Dr.  Gardiner  to  the 

bishop  of     "  archdeaconry  of  Norwich,  for  better  encouragement  and 

favourVf  '"  "  recompenceof  his  pains  and  travails  in  that  diocese;  I  am 

Gardiner,     u  ^q  desire  you,  that  according  to  that  her  highness's  grant, 

"  he  may  have  your  favour  and  authority,  for  the  present 

*'  possession  thereof;  not  minding  to  prejudice  any  man's 

"  right  or  title  thereby :  but  desirous  of  his  more  easy  and 

"  speedy  enjoying  of  that  her  majesty's  benefit.     And  al- 

"  though  other  means  might  have  been  made,  either  by  her 

"  his^hness's  letters,  or  else  the  lords  of  the  council,  to  con- 

"  firm  and  establish  him  in  his  right ;  yet  he  and  I  are  per- 

"  suaded,  my  letter  in  his  behalf  will  prevail  and  take  effect 

"  with  you  ;   under  whom,  and  in  whose  diocese,  he  hath 

"  bestowed  the  most  part  of  his  travail :  being  assured,  that 

"  for  my  cause  he  shall  be  rather  furthered  than  hindered. 

"  And  now  for  that  it  hath  pleased  her  goodness  to  make 
"  him  her  chaplain,  and  dean  of  Norwich,  which  are  both  of 
"  considerable  charge  and  countenance,  I  am  persuaded  of 
"  your  own  consideration,  you  will  seek  his  quiet  herein, 
"  for  the  better  maintenance  of  them.  The  rather  also,  at 
"  this  my  earnest  letter  and  friendly  request.  And  so  I 
"  bid  you  heartily  farewell.  From  the  court  at  Somerset- 
"  house,  the  4th  of  December,  1573. 

"  Your  lordship's  very  loving  friend, 

"  R.  Leycester." 

303      By  this  means,  having  the  countenance   of  so  great  a 

He  refers     courticr,  Gardiner  played  his  game,  the  better  to  obtain  his 

th™i/ishop.  terms  of  the  bishop,  in  order  to  his  laying  down  his  pre- 

His  offers,    tgjjces  to  the  archdeaconry.     And  so  at  last,  some  while 

after,  (that  I  may  shorten  this  matter,)  he  offered  to  put 

the  controversy  wholly  into  the  bishop's  hands,  either  by 

himself,  or  with  two  others  with  him,  indifferently  chosen, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  449 

to  end  the  same  before  the  first  of  August  next ;  which  was    CHAP, 
the  time  of  one  whole  year  from  his  installation  into  the     ^^^' 


archdeaconry:  professing  to  the  bishop,  that  if  he  would ^nno  1573. 
give  him  but  one  penny,  he  should  hold  himself  contented. 
Otherwise,  [without  this  reference,]  he  offered  but  to  take 
his  charges,  which  then  were  forty  marks,  and  his  advow- 
son  renewed,  which  his  lordship  gave  him;  whereby  he 
might  quietly  enjoy  the  same  after  Mr.  Roberts's  death. 
And  so  he  would  faithfully  and  friendly  join  with  Mr.  Ro- 
berts in  the  maintenance  of  his  possession.  Or  else,  if  he 
doubted  of  his  interest,  &c.  that  it  could  not  be  quietly  en- 
joyed, [by  the  trouble  that  Rugg  might  give  him,]  he  pro- 
mised him  assurance  of  23/.  6s.  8d.  by  year,  to  be  paid  him 
during  his  life ;  and  would  defend  him  against  all  men,  for 
the  mean  profits  received  since  the  death  of  the  last  incum- 
bent, which  was  three  hundred  mark,  toward  his  charges. 

But  the  queens  letters,  dated  in  June  the  next  year, The  queen 
concluded  the  strife,  commanding  the  bishop  to  suffer  Dr.  T"^^' !" 

„        ,.  1  rti  *"^  bishop 

(jardmer   to    execute  the   office  of  the  archdeaconry;   of  of  Norwich 
which  he  had  hidierto  been  hindered,  (for  what  cause  she  GaSiner  "^ 
knew  not:)  and  to  have  and  enjoy  the  commodities  that 
thereunto  did  in  any  respect  belong,  from  the  death  of  the 
last  incumbent,  &c.    "  That  he  shall  quietly  enjoy  our  gift, 
"  until  he  be  evicted  by  law  out  of  the  same."" 

But  notwithstanding  these  differences  and  contentions  Reconciled, 
between  these  two  good  men,  the  bishop  and  the  dean,  all 
ended  in  a  very  christian,  charitable  conclusion ;  and  the 
hearty  friendship  which  was  formerly  between  them  was 
perfectly  restored.  And  as  a  certain  token  thereof  on  the 
dean's  side,  he  set  up  a  fair  monument  for  the  bishop,  who 
died  the  next  year :  at  the  foot  whereof  is  engraven,  (which 
are  the  only  words  of  the  bishop's  monument  yet  remain- 
i"gj)  ^^^o  bono,  docto,  et  pio,  Johanni  Parkhursto,  episcopo 
vigilantissimo,  Georgms  Gardiner  posuit  hoc.  And  when 
he  died  (which  was  many  years  after,  viz,  anno  1589)  he 
was  buried  near  the  bishop :  which  I  suppose  was  by  his 
own  order,  in  testimony  of  his  esteem  and  love  to  him : 
where  his  monument  still  remains  by  the  bishop's. 

VOL.  II,  G  g 


450       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        It  maybe  added  here,  for  a  grateful  remembrance  of 
Dr.  Gardiner,  the  great  pains  and  good  service  he  did  for 


Anno  1573. the  church  of  Norwich,  while  he  was  dean;  all  the  lands 
dine"  s  L^ood  ^^^  revenues  whereof  being  very  near  swallowed  up  by  sir 
service  to  Thomas  Shirley,  and  some  others ;  who  had  obtained  pa- 
of  Norwich,  tents  from  the  queen  for  concealed  lands  in  these  parts, 
that  is,  such  as  had  been  formerly  given  for  superstitious 
uses,  and  so  forfeited  to  the  crown.  And  so  far  had  these 
men  proceeded  and  succeeded,  to  make  the  lands  of  that 
cathedral  such,  that  about  the  year  1582,  and  after,  divers 
parcels  of  that  church"'s  lands  were  sold  away  for  ever,  and 
money  taken  for  them :  others  violently  entered  upon,  with- 
304  out  payment  of  rent,  or  farm.  Some  tenants  had  paid  no 
rent  for  some  years.  So  that  the  church  at  last  had  not  a 
parcel  of  land,  no,  not  the  houses  within  the  cathedral 
church,  but  they  had  been  offered  to  sale ;  or  else  money 
taken  beforehand  for  long  leases,  hereafter  to  be  granted. 
Now  did  Gardiner,  the  dean,  bestir  himself  for  several 
years,  and  made  the  best  defence  he  could,  partly  by  appli- 
cation to  his  powerful  friends  at  court,  particularly  to  the 
lord  treasurer  and  the  earl  of  Leicester :  (to  both  whom  I 
have  his  letters.)  So  that  in  the  year  1588,  after  six  or 
seven  years''  contest,  he  got  her  majesty's  warrant,  that  the 
patentees  should  surrender  their  several  interests,  upon 
consideration,  viz.  The  church  to  receive  a  new  foundation 
and  dotation  from  the  queen ;  and  they  to  have  a  new  lease 
made  from  her,  in  such  order,  and  with  such  conditions, 
and  to  such  ends,  as  was  in  that  warrant  set  down  and  ex- 
pressed. And  so  I  find,  that  Shirley,  anno  1590,  got  a 
lease  of  ninety-nine  years  of  the  priory  lands;  Gardiner 
dying  the  year  before. 
The  fellows  Now  something  concerning  imiversity  matters,  wherein  a 
of  St.  John's  ij^glj      j^jgQ  ^g^g  concerned.     The  fellows  of  St.  John''s  col- 

dcpnve  ^ 

their  lege  in  Cambridge,  weary,  as  it  seems,  of  Mr.  Shepherd 

their  master,  (whom  but  four  years  before  they  had  chosen 
unanimously,)  deprived  him  for  the  cause  of  discontinuance 
from  the  college  longer  than  the  statutes  allowed,  and  chose 
Dr.  I^ongworth  master  in  his  room.     And  of  both  these 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  451 

acts  done  by  them  in  the  month  of  July,  they  sent  intelH-   CHAP, 
gence  to  their  patron  the  lord  treasurer,  with  their  names  ___1J_ 
subscribed  :  viz.  ^fno  1573. 

Stephen  Cardinal,  John  DufRelde, 

Laurence  Washington,         Edward  Doughty, 

John  Langworth,  Maurice  Faulkner, 

Henry  Hickman,  Thomas  Randolph, 

Francis  Holt,  Thomas  Leche, 

James  Mayor,  Abel  Smith, 

Robert  Bolton,  Everard  Digbye, 

George  Still,  '    John  Palmer, 

Thomas  Smith,  Robert  Booth, 

Edward  Ellis,  William  Harrison, 

Richard  Some,  With  others. 

And  for  the  better  justifying  of  what  they  had  done,  they  Articles  of 
drew  up  articles  of  divers  accusations  against  him.     The  accusation 

.  .  .  .  ao;ainst 

first  was,  his  unsatiable  getting  to  his  own  use,  from  the  him. 
college  and  society  thereof,  by  fraud  and  deceit.  Secondly, 
his  sowing  of  contention,  and  maintaining  of  factions. 
Thirdly,  liis  tyranny,  in  taking  all  authority  in  elections  to 
himself,  contrary  to  the  order  of  their  statutes ;  and  in  do- 
ing what  him  listed. 

Under  the  second  article,  to  make  that  good,  they  brought 
these  instances :  1 .  His  choosing  an  unlearned  and  precise 
president,  out  of  his  order  and  place,  having  six  his  seniors 
to  be  preferred,  and  before,  speaking  openly  against  the 
communion  book. 

Item,  to  another  office,  to  wit,  the  deanship,  he  chose  an- 
other, who  for  the  like  fantasies  was  in  the  town  among 
men  of  that  profession,  of  most  account.  To  him  he  com- 305 
mitted  the  government  of  the  youth.  Who  by  his  counte- 
nance were  so  corrupted,  that  there  was  almost  never  a  boy 
in  the  college  which  had  not  in  his  head  a  platform  of  a 
church.  Whereas  also  the  same  party  did  in  open  pulpit 
pretend  to  confute  Dr.  Whitgift ;  and  was  rebuked  by  one 
of  his  seniors.  The  master  did  not  (as  he  was  bound  by 
duty)  take  part  with  the  senior,  but  rather  justified  the 
other,  in  his  inconsiderate  and  disordei'ly  attempt.     Item, 

Gg2 


452      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    that  he  preferred  Mr.  Faucet;  and  that  against  the  consent 
'        of  six  seniors,  who  not  long  before,  in  the  presence  of  the 
Anno  1573.  master  and  all  the  seniors,  did  inveigh  against  the  authority 
Favours       ^£  bishops.     Itcm^  that  he  punished  one  of  the  fellows  in 
the  defending  the  estate,  and  suffered  one  other  to  confute 
his  defence  without  any  manner  of  punishment.    Item,  that 
he  suffered  one  to  proceed  master  of  art,  who  before  him 
had  been  convinced  of  speaking  against  the  communion 
book,  and  master  Whitgift   his   book.     Item,  whatsoever 
hath  been  against  the  estate  hath  never  been  punished  by 
him,  or  confuted. 
The  bishop       Upon  occasion  of  the  distractions  in  this  house  of  learn- 
tiie  coikge.*  ^"g'  the  bishop  of  Ely  (who  was  by  the  statutes  appointed 
visitor)  instituted  a  visitation ;    and  had   already  entered 
upon  it,  and  adjourned  it  for  some  while.     In  the  mean 
time,  the  high  chancellor  of  that  university  had  sent  to  his 
vice-chancellor,  (who  that  year  was  Dr.  Byng,)  to  be  in- 
formed   of   these   matters ;    and  in  his  name,   with    other 
heads,  to  take  cognizance  thereof,  in  order  to  decide  and 
put  some  end  hereunto.     The  vice-chancellor  informed  the 
said  bishop  of  this  message ;  but  he  insisted  upon  his  right 
of  visiting  that  college.     Yet,  that  his  lordship  might  un- 
derstand how  he  proceeded,  he  caused  the  vice-chancellor 
to  be  present  while  he  took  the  examination  of  these  con- 
troversies;   and   what   he   himself,  as  visitor,  did   herein. 
That  so,  from  his  vice-chancellor,  his  lordship  might  be 
satisfied  in  the  course  he  took,  and  what  was  actually  done 
by  liim.     All  which  will  be  more  perfectly  known  by  the 
vice-chancellor''s  letter  to  the  said  high  chancellor:  which 
follows ;  viz. 
The  vice-         "  That  it  might  please  his  lordship,  that  upon  the  re- 
letter  there*  "  ceipt  of  his  letters  concerning  the  quieting  of  certain 
upon.          «  troubles,  lately  moved  in  St.  John's  college,  he  conferi-ed 
"  with  those  heads  of  houses  who  were  then  at  home.    And 
"  that  their  opinion  was,  that  forasmuch  as  among  many 
"  other  griefs  and  quarrels  of  that  college,  namely,  that 
"  also  concerning  the  vacation  of  the  mastership  was  offered 
"  to  the  hearing  and  consideration  of  my  lord  of  Ely :  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  453 

that  by  consent  of  either  party,  as  it  seemed:  and  for    CHAP. 
that  the  said  bishop  had  already  begun  his  visitation 


"  there  by  ordinary  authority  granted  him  by  the  statutes  Anno  1573. 
*'  of  that  house ;  he  [the  vice-chancellor]  should  do  best  to 
"  abstain  from  intermeddling  in  that  cause,  until  he  were 
"  fully  advertised  whether  my  lord  of  Ely''s  purpose  was  to 
"  proceed  or  desist  from  further  dealing  therein. 

*'  Wherefore,  as  he  went  on,  he  gave  his  chaplain  intelli- 
"  gence,  expecting  his  answer,  till  the  19th  of  the  then  pre- 
"  sent  September.  At  what  time  he  understood  that  the 
"  bishop  meant  to  be  personally  present  the  Monday  fol- 
"  lowing,  to  go  forward  with  his  visitation  in  that  college.  306 
"  That  at  his  coming  to  town  he  declared  to  him  the  effect 
"  of  his  lordship's  letters.  That  his  answer  was,  that  al- 
"  though,  as  he  was  persuaded,  the  deciding  of  that  contro- 
"  versy  pertained  only  unto  him,  as  visitor,  chiefly  because 
"  they  had  attempted  the  new  election,  contrary  to  his  in- 
"  hibition  there  published :  wherein  he  had  also  summoned 
*'  his  said  visitation  :  yet  that  he  [the  vice-chancellor]  might 
"  certainly  report  unto  his  lordship  upon  what  considera- 
"  tion  he  had  stayed  Mr.  Shepherd  in  his  room  of  the  mas- 
"  tership,  he  caused  in  his  [the  vice-chancellor's]  hearing 
*'  the  parties  to  object  against  the  master,  and  him  to  an- 
"  swer  for  himself. 

"  That  they  charged  him  with  divers  points,  but  none  What  the 
"  tending  to  the  amotion,  saving  one  concerning  his  longer  j^\'^^  ^,|_ 
"  absence  than  statute  permitted.     To  the  which  he  an-sitation. 
"  swered,  that  where  the  statute  granted  him  three  months 
"  absence,  they  did   him  wrong   to   limit  every  month  to 
"  twenty-eight  days :  seeing  the  common  custom  and  use 
"  divideth  the  whole  year  but  into  twelve  months.     Se- 
'^  condly,  the  statute  dispenseth  with  him  in  these  cases, 
"  to  wit,  sickness,  the  prince's  service,  affairs  of  the  college. 
"  Of  which,  some  he  then  proved,  some  he  offered  to  prove 
"  within  reasonable  time.     All  which  granted,  he  had  to 
"  spare  of  his  three  months  above  twenty  days.  And  lastly, 
"  he  referred  himself  to  their  own  reports,  whether,  accord- 
"  ing  to  the  statute,  they  had  granted  him  leave  or  no  for 

GS3 


454       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "six  weeks  longer,  if  need  had  been.     To  that  it  was  re- 
^"        "  phed,  that  where  such  leave  cannot  be  granted  but  by 


Anno  1573."  consent  of  the  more  part  of  the  seniors,  some  gave  voice 
"  in  that  grant  whom  the  statute  did  not  license  to  be  in 
"  place  of  seniors.  Then  the  question  was  demanded,  whe- 
"  ther  any  exception  was  made  against  them  at  the  time  of 
"  such  voice  giving.    Which  was  denied. 

"  These  things  being  thus,  and  more  amply  debated  to 
"  and  fro,  my  lord  of  Ely  asked  him  [the  vice-chancellor] 
"  what  he  thought  in  the  case.  Who  shewed  him,  that  in 
"  his  opinion  it  were  hard  dealing  to  remove  the  master 
"  upon  that  statute  of  absence,  without  more  substantial 
"  proofs  than  he  had  heard  alleged.  Touching  other  things 
"  there  objected,  both  against  the  master  and  fellows,  and 
"  also  the  scholars,  after  my  lord  of  Ely  had  diversly,  as 
"  he  thought  good,  examined  the  particulars,  calling  the 
*'  whole  company  into  the  chapel,  he  sharply  and  openly 
"  rebuked  them  all.  And  there,  reserving  the  correction  of 
"  the  greater  enormities  to  his  further  consideration,  ex- 
"  horting  and  charging  them  to  maintain  unity,  and  to 
"  avoid  contention,  he  continued  his  visitation  till  towards 
*'  Easter  next :  the  rather,  (as  he  told  the  vice-chancellor, 
"  and  other,  the  assistants,)  that  he  might  keep  them  the 
"  more  in  awe  the  mean  time." 

In  conclusion,  "  that  he  had  thus  made  relation  of  these 
"  matters  the  more  largely,  as  well  to  advertise  his  honour 
"  of  the  certainty  thereof,  as  also  to  excuse  his  long  stay. 
"  And  so  resting  always  at  his  lordship''s  commandment,  he 
"  humbly  recommended  the  same  to  the  tuition  of  God. 
"  Dated  from  Clare  Hall,  the  26th  of  September,  1573. 
"  Subscribing,  Your  lordship''s  unworthy  deputy,  ever  at 
*'  commandment,  Thos.  Byng." 
30^  This  college''s  disturbances  continued  at  least  two  years 
longer,  till  the  year  1575,  when  the  queen  sent  down  a  spe- 
cial commission  to  certain  heads,  for  the  better  and  moi*e 
peaceable  regulation  of  that  house  for  the  future,  as  may  be 

B. i.  ch.  12. read  afterwards:  and  in  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Whitgift. 
As  I  have  made  a  few  remarks  concerning  some  bishops 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  455 

and  divines,  by  occasion  of  matters  falling  out  towards  them   CHAP. 
this  year ;  so  I  will  subjoin  the  mention  of  a  great  soldier, 


of  special  note  for  his  skill  in  military  affairs,  and  his  im- Anno  1573. 
provement  of  the  discipline  of  war,  somewhat  relating  to  ^^"^g''*'^'  * 
him  occurring  this  present  year.    His  name  was  Bingham,  dier,  recom- 
(probably  the  same  with  sir  Richard  Bingham,  a  noted  com-  tj,g  j„^j 
mander  of  the  queen's  in  the  wars  of  Ireland,  of  whom  t'"'^^^"''^''' 
Camden  gives  a  very  good  character.)    This  man  had  doneCamd.EHz. 
good    service  in  the  late  northern  rebellion,  anno  1569 ; ''"  ^^^' 
but  now  in   mean  circumstances.    Which  occasioned  Mr.  Rafe  Lane. 
Rafe  Lane  (under  whom  he  bore  arms  in  that  rebellion)  to 
recommend  him  very  earnestly  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burgh- 
ley.    Which  Lane  was  a  man  of  great  knowledge  for  con- 
duct in  war,  and  of  singular  art  and  industry  in  many  other 
respects:  which  made  him  very  dear  to  that  nobleman; 
who  made  use  of  him,  and  listened  to  many  of  his  projects 
and  proposals.    This  gentleman  now  interceded  with   the  May  the 
said  treasurer  for  Bingham,  giving  this  account  of  him, 
(whose   memory  therefore   deserveth    to  be   preserved   in 
our  records,)  "  That  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebels  in  the 
"  north,  the  queen  had  his  painful  and  faithful  service  un- 
*'  der  Lane's  conduct.    Where,  as  he  assured  his  lordship, 
"  he  put  in  practice  as  rare  points  of  warlike  discipline,  and 
"  as  likely  to  have  wrought,  (if  they  had  come  to  any  ser- 
"  vice,)  as  at  any  time  in  these  parts  within  our  age  had 
"  been  seen. 

*'  That  his  long  experience,  since  the  latter  end  of  king 
*'  Edward's  reign ;  having  been  in  France,  where  all  queen 
"  Mary's  reign  he  served,  and  until  this  latter  expedition ; 
"  joining  to  his  practice  and  natural  good  capacity  also 
"  theoretic,  (a  thing  to  old  soldiers,  as  they  were  all  for  the 
"  most  part  utterly  void  of  the  same,)  would,  when  occa- 
"  sion  should  serve,  make  him  hereafter  to  appear  as  sin- 
"  gular  to  others,  as  he  for  his  part,  not  without  good 
"  proof,  did  already  so  esteem  of  him.  And  further,  that 
"  of  his  life  he  was  unto  the  world  unspotted.  And  that 
"  which  was  the  seal  of  all  the  rest,  he  was  not  only  of 
"  sincere  judgment  in  religion,  but    also,  being   void   of 

Gg4 


456       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  those  ceremonial  superstitions  [of  popery,]  even  deeply 
"  touched  with  the  fear  of  God,  as  his  modest  conversation 


Anno  1573. "  with  all  men  did  partly  witness.  In  which  principal 
"  respect  he  was  bold,  (as  he  proceeded,)  the  rather  to  re- 
"  commend  him  unto  his  lordship''s  special  goodness;  as  in 
"  that  he  knew  from  what  foundation  his  lordship  fetched 
*'  the  beginning  of  wisdom :  which  is  referred  to  all  our 
"  actions,  as  well  temporal  as  spiritual.  And  for  that,  to  be 
"  plain  (he  said)  with  his  lordship,  he  seldom  had  found 
"  any  of  his  occupation  [i.  e.  soldiers]  (the  more  to  be 
"  pitied)  that  way  so  singularly  given."" 

This  was  a  character  given  by  Mr.  Lane  (in  the  foresaid 
letter)  of  Bingham,  which  he  himself  was  the  bringer  of: 
"  Knowing  with  how  favourable  an  eye  his  lordship  beheld 
308  "  virtue,  though  clothed  in  never  so  poor  a  weed,  (as  the 
"  preface  of  the  letter  ran,)  and  knowing  withal  how  exact 
"  a  judge  his  lordship  was  thereof,  and  how  hard  to  be  de- 
"  ceived  with  a  shadow  where  the  ground  wanted.  That  he 
"  was  therefore  the  rather  bold,  hvunbly  and  heartily  to  re- 
"  commend  unto  his  goodness  the  humble  suit  of  that  poor 
"  gentleman." 

I  add  one  passage  more  of  this  writer,  to  excite  the  said 

lord's  good- will ;   "  That  he  assured  him,  that  his  goodness, 

"  that  should  be  bestowed  on  him  for  his  sustenance,  should 

"  be,  towards  God,  charity ;  and  to  her  majesty,  the  en- 

"  abling,  for  her  highnesses  service,  the  most  sufficient  man 

*'  for  every  kind  of  martial  function,   that  of  his  calling 

"  this  land  now  held." 

Characters       Now  having  given  an  account  of  some  particular  persons, 

queen's       I  shall  give  a  brief  character  of  queen   Elizabeth''s  chief 

courtiers,     oourtiers  at  this  time ;  as  I  read  it  in  a  private  letter  of  one 

that  was  now  a  courtier  himself,  the  lord  Gilbert  Talbot, 

eldest  son  of  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury ;  which  he  sent  to  his 

father  the  earl,  from   the  court,  dated  the  10th  of  May. 

bofs  letter  Wliich  letter  ran  to  this  tenor  :   "  That  by  the  conveniency 

to  the  earl    a  pf  t]^g  bearer,  he  thoufTht  o-ood  to  advertise  his  lordship 

Ills  father.  '  i  ,  ,       i       i 

Epist.  Co-    "  oi  tile  State  of  some  there  at  the  court,  as  near  as  he  had 
III  ort'!!"^   "  ^^'^^"^^  ^y  h^s  daily  experience.    That  the  lord  treasurer, 

Armor. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  457 

**  even  after  the  old  manner,  dealt  with  matters  of  the  state   CHAP. 
"  only,  and  bore  himself  very  uprightly.    That  my  lord  of     ^^'^■' 


Leicester  was  very  much  with  her  majesty;  and  that  she  Anno  1573. 
"  shewed  to  him  the  same  great  good  affection  that  she  was 
*'  wont.  And  that  of  late  he  had  endeavoured  to  please  her 
"  more  than  heretofore.  That  there  were  two  sisters  then 
"  in  court,  very  far  in  love  with  him,  as  they  had  been 
"  long;  viz.  my  lady  Sheffield  and  Frances  Haworth.  That 
"  they,  belike  striving  who  should  love  him  better,  were  at 
"  great  wars  together.  And  that  the  queen  liked  not  well 
"  of  them,  nor  the  better  of  him.  That  by  this  means  there 
"  were  spies  over  him.  That  my  lord  of  Sussex  [lord  high 
"  chamberlain]  went  with  the  tide,  and  helped  to  back 
"  others.  But  his  own  credit  was  sober,  considering  his 
"  estate.  He  was  very  diligent  in  his  office,  and  took  great 
"  pains.  That  my  lord  of  Oxford  was  lately  grown  into 
"  great  credit :  for  the  queen's  majesty  delighted  more  in 
"  his  personage,  and  his  dancing,  and  his  valiantness,  than 
"  in  any  other.  And  he  thought  Sussex  backed  him  all  that 
"  he  could.  That  were  it  not  for  his  fickle  head,  he  would 
"  surely  pass  any  of  them  shortly.  That  my  lady  Burghley 
"  unwisely  had  declared  herself,  as  it  were,  jealous :  which 
"  came  to  the  queen's  ears:  whereat  she  had  been  not  a 
"  little  offended  with  her.  But  now  she  was  reconciled 
"  again.  At  all  these  love-matters  my  lord  treasurer  winked; 
"  and  would  not  meddle  any  way. 

"  That  Hatton  [vice-chamberlain]  was  still  sick;  and  it 
"  was  thought  he  would  very  hardly  recover  of  his  disease ; 
"  for  it  was  doubted  it  was  in  his  kidneys.  That  the  queen 
"  went  almost  every  day  to  see  how  he  did.  That  now  there 
"  were  devices,  chiefly  by  Leicester,  and  not  without  Burgh- 
*'  ley  his  knowledge,  how  to  make  Mr.  Edward  Dier,  as  great 
"  as  ever  was  Hatton.  For  now  in  this  time  of  Hatton's  sick- 
"  ness,  the  time  was  convenient.  That  it  was  brought  thus 
"  to  pass:  Dier  lately  was  sick  of  a  consumption,  in  great 309 
"  danger ;  and,  as  his  lordship  well  knew,  he  had  been  in 
"  displeasure  for  two  years.  It  was  made  the  queen  to  be- 
"  lieve,  that  his  sickness  came  because  of  the  continuance  of 


458       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  her  displeasure  towards  him:  so  that  unless  she  would 
'        "  favour  him,  he  was  like  not  to  recover.    And  hereupon 
Anno  1573. «  her  majesty  had  forgiven  him  ;  and  sent  vmto  him  a  very 
*'  comfortable  message.    And  he  now  was  recovered  again. 
"  And  this,  he  added,  was  the  beginning  of  this  device. 
"  And  these  things,  he  said,  he  learned  of  such  young  fel- 
"  lows   as   himself.    Further,    that    Mr.  Walsingham  was 
"  come  that  day  [May  the  10th]  to  the  court,  [being  re- 
"  turned  from  his  embassy,]  and  that  it  was  thought  he 
"  should  be  nriade  secretary ;  sir  Tho.  Smith,  and  he,  both 
"  together,  to  execute  that  office.     That  he  had  not  yet 
"  told  any  news,  having  no  time  as  yet  to  talk  thereof,  for 
"  his  being  welcomed  home  by  his  friends." 
A  contro-        And  now  to  return  again  to   the  university.     A  great 
Bene't'coi-  controversy  there  had  been  in  Bene"'t  college  in  Cambridge, 
lege  about   between  Mr.  Aldrich  the  master,  and  the  fellows,  about  a 
statute  of  that  college,  which  the  master  had  broken,  and  so 
had  forfeited  his  headship.    It  was,  that  the  head  of  that 
house  must  within  so  many  years  after  his  election  take  the 
degree  of  bachelor  of  divinity :  which  he  had  not  done,  nor 
intended  to  do ;  and  that  upon  some  principles  he  had  im- 
bibed (it  seems)  against  taking  university  degrees.  The  bu- 
siness was  at  first  referred  by  Aldrich  and  the  fellows  to 
the  archbishop,  who  had  been  master  of  that  college  here- 
tofore, and  so  was  well  acquainted  with  the  true  state  of  it. 
But  Aldrich  afterwards  took  other  measures,  and  declined 
the  archbishop;  whose  judgment  he  knew  was  to  displace 
him,  as  guilty  of  an  absolute  breach  of  statute,  and  so  of 
perjury :  and  appealed  to  the  chancellor  of  that  university. 
To  whom  the  archbishop''s  advice  was,  that  the  cause  might 
be   brought    up    before    the    commissioners   ecclesiastical, 
whereof  himself  was  one :  the  heads  of  the  university,  ex- 
cepting against  that,  as  an  infringement  of  their  privilege ; 
which  was,  that  all  causes  of  any  of  their  members  should 
be  examined  and  determined  witliin  themselves,  exclusively 
to  all  others;  the  said  chancellor  then  recommended  the 
cause  to  the  vice-chancellor,  and  other  chief  heads,  and 
after  full    examination    thereof,  to  inform   him  how  they 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  459 

found  it,  and  give  him  their  judgment.    Which  after  ma-    CHAP, 
ture  deliberation  they  did ;  and  sent  the  same  at  length  in 


their  letter.    This  affair  is  at  large  shewn  in  the  Life  of  Anno  1573. 
Archbishop  Parker.    Only  this  declaration  to  the  chancel-  Bo*^k  iv. 

ch,  37. 

lor,  how  the  matter  stood,  and  their  thoughts  thereof,  was 
there  omitted  :  which  bringing  the  cause  to  a  conclusion,  I 
here  supply. 

The  sum  then  of  their  said  letter  was,  "  That  his  grace  The  judg- 
"  the  archbishop  was  the  fittest  man  to  end  that  matter,  as  ™^"  heads" 
"  the  college  had  formerly  addressed  their  letter  to  him,  of  the  uni- 
"  finally  to  determine  it.    They  shewed,  that  the  like  sta- 
*'  tutes  Avere  in  other  colleges,  binding  the  coUegiates  to  be 
"  qualified  diversly :  and  that  for  the  not  accomplishing 
"  thereof,  they  have  been  put  by  from  their  rooms :   that  it 
"  were  a  dangerous  thing  to  admit  an  example  in  one  house 
"  contrary  to  the  rest.    And  that  the  plain  meaning  of  the 
*'  statute  was,  that  whoso  had  not  the  qualification  required, 
"  was  not  to  enjoy  that  place. 

"  That  the  party  had  heretofore  consented  to  the  arch-  3 1 0 
"  bishop'*s  resolution  of  the  said  doubt.  And  that  seeing 
"  his  lordship  [their  chancellor]  had  before  advised  Al- 
"  drich  to  commit  his  cause  to  his  grace ;  therefore  they 
"  had  addressed  their  letters  to  him,  riot  doubting  of  his 
"  singular  care  for  the  good  estate  of  that  house ;  they  not 
"  thinking  it  best  for  them  to  set  down  the  definitive  sen- 
"  tence.""  The  whole  letter  is  worth  preserving,  shewing  a 
decision  of  an  university  statute,  and  containing  the  result 
of  the  judgment  of  divers  wise  and  learned  heads  of  that 
university  at  that  time,  viz.  Byng,  Perne,  Hawford,  Kelk, 
and  Whitgift.     See  it  at  length  in  the  Appendix.  Number 

Some  books  I  find  this  year  published,  wherein  religion  „ 

•J  y  '  o         Horarium, 

was  concerned.    Which  were  as  followeth.    A  book  of  devo-  i.  e.  Howrs 
tions,  called  Horarium,  or,  the  Horary ;  printed  with  privi-  ^  booif  now 
lege  at  London,  by  Wilham  Seres ;  having  been  set  forth  printed, 
first  with  the  queen's  authority,  anno  1560,  for  the  help  and 
direction  of  pious  people  in  their  devotions  and  prayers. 
Dr.  Cosins    set   forth   in    the   year  1626,   (a  fifth  edition  Cosins'sDe- 
whereof  appeared  in  the  year  1638,)  A  collection  ofprivate""  *°°*' 


460       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1573 


Sand,  de 

Schism. 

Anglic. 

Calvin. 

Turcism. 

Brist.  De- 

monstr. 


devotion  in  the  practice  of  the  ancient  church,  called,  The 
Hours  of'  Prayer,  as  they  were  much  after  this  manner 
published  by  authority  of  queen  Elizabeth,  1560.  In  the 
preface  to  which,  he  saith,  "  That  those  his  daily  prayers 
and  devotions  in  that  his  book,  for  the  most  part,  were 
after  the  same  manner  and  division  of  hours,  as  hereto- 
fore they  had  been  pubhshed  among  us  by  high  and  sa- 
cred authority.  And  now  were  also  renewed,  and  more 
fully  set  forth  again ;  and  that  for  four  reasons.  I.  To 
continue  and  preserve  the  authority  of  the  ancient  laws 
and  old  godly  canons  of  the  church.  Which  were  made 
and  set  forth  for  this  purpose,  that  men,  before  they  set 
themselves  to  pray,  may  know  what  to  say,  and  avoid,  as 
much  as  might  be,  all  ex  temporal  effusions,  and  irksome 
and  indigested  prayers.  II.  To  let  the  world  understand, 
that  they  who  gave  it  out,  and  accused  us  here  in  Eng- 
land, to  have  set  up  a  new  church  and  a  new  faith,  to 
have  abandoned  all  the  forms  of  prayer  and  devotion,  to 
have  taken  away  all  religious  exercises  and  prayers  of  our 
forefathers,  to  have  despised  all  the  ancient  ceremonies, 
and  cast  behind  us  the  blessed  sacraments  of  Christ's  ca- 
tholic church  :  that  these  men  did  little  else  than  betray 
their  own  infirmities,  and  had  more  violence  and  will  than 
reason  or  judgment  for  what  they  said,  &c.  As  may  also 
appear  by  the  public  liturgy,  and  othor  divine  offices  of 
our  church,  agreeable  to  them  which  the  ancients  used. 
III.  That  they  who  are  already  religiously  given,  and 
whom  lets  and  impediments  do  often  hinder  from  being 
partakers  of  the  public,  might  have  here  a  daily  and  de- 
vout order  of  private  prayer,  wherein  to  exercise  them- 
selves, and  to  spend  some  hours  of  the  day  at  least  in 
God's  holy  worship  and  service.  IV.  That  those  who 
perhaps  are  but  coldly  this  way  yet  affected,  might  by 
others'  example  be  stirred  up  to  the  like  heavenly  duty  of 
performing  their  daily  and  Christian  devotions  to  Al- 
mighty God."  This  book  had  the  approbation  and  li- 
cence of  archbishop  Abbot,  Feb.  22,  1626.  And  as  those 
were  the  causes  of  publishing  the  same  so  often  then,  so 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  461 

no  doubt,  upon  the  same  account,  it  was  thought  fit  to  be    CHAP. 
set  forth  twice  in  queen  Elizabeth's  reign. 


In  this  year  also  came  forth  another  little  book  of  Latin  Anno  1573. 
prayers  and  lessons,  for  the  use  of  schools,  entitled,  Preces^^^ 

^       •'  .77  •  .      Preces  pri- 

privatce  in  shidiosorum  gratiam  coUectoR :  et  regia  aucto-  ^atae ;  La- 
ritate  approbatcB :  noviter  impresscB.  Printed  by  William  ^^^^  \^^^q^^^ 
Seres.  It  contained,  I.  A  calendar,  together  with  various 
rules ;  as,  concerning  the  year,  with  its  parts :  an  economi- 
cal table ;  wherein  every  one  is  admonished  of  his  duty,  in 
whatsoever  state  of  hfe  he  is.  II.  A  catechism:  which  is 
the  same  with  our  church  catechism,  but  ending  at  the 
Lord's  prayer,  expounded.  III.  Morning  prayers.  IV. 
Evening  prayers.  V.  Select  prayers  concerning  the  nati- 
vity of  Christ,  of  his  passion,  of  his  resurrection,  ascension, 
and  mission  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  of  the  holy  Trinity. 
VI.  The  Psalms ;  which  they  call  the  penUential.  VII. 
Other  select  psalms  for  the  queen.  VIII.  Flores  Psalmo- 
rum.  IX.  To  obtain  remission  of  sins.  X.  Pious  medita- 
tions of  the  frailty  of  life ;  the  hope  of  the  resurrection,  &c. 
XI.  Prayers  out  of  the  Bible.  XII.  Prayers,  or  holy  eja^. 
culations.  XIII.  Other  pious  prayers.  XIV.  The  bless- 
ings of  the  table,  &c.  XV.  Other  miscellaneous  matters 
added  at  the  end.  And  lest  any  might  make  some  objec- 
tion against  using  prayers  in  Latin,  as  bordering  upon  the 
popish  Latin  mass,  the  editor  set  forth  a  preface  in  this  be- 
half; applying  himself  to  the  reader,  that  in  setting  forth 
these  Latin  prayers,  he  intended  not  that  such  as  were  ig- 
norant of  the  Roman  tongue  should  repeat  and  use  them, 
when  they  were  not  by  him  understood :  for  that  was  very 
far  from  his  purpose.'  But  that  he  caused  them  to  be  printed 
for  the  sake  only  of  such  as  were  skilful  and  studious  in  the 
Latin  tongue,  if  they  were  minded  to  use  them.  But  that 
as  for  others  that  knew  not  that  idiom,  he  exhorted  and  ad- 
monished them,  that  they  should  accustom  themselves  to 
prayers  written  in  the  mother  tongue,  and  be  instant  in 
them,  and  make  them  famihar  to  them ;  lest,  while  they 
Avillingly  prayed  in  an  unknown  tongue,  their  minds,  as  St. 
Paul  said,  in  the  mean  time,  be  void  of  all  fruit.    And  of 


462      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   this  he  warned  his  reader  again  and  again.  And  prayed  the 
*•        reader  to  take  notice  of  this,  that  he  might  not  misjudge 


Anno  1573.  what  he  had  done. 
Three  ser-  This  year  also  were  set  forth  three  sermons  heretofore 
^^"'g^**'^^^- preached  in  great  audiences  by  Tho.  Lever,  a  very  learned 
forth.  and  pious  professor  of  true  religion,  some  time  head  of  St. 

John's   college,    Cambridge,   and    an    exile    under   queen 
Mary,  now  master  of  Sherborn  hospital.  The  first  preached 
in  the  shrouds  at  St.  Paul's  upon  Rom.  xiii.  Let  every  soul 
he  subject  to  the  higher  powers.    The  second  before  king 
Edward,  upon  St.  John  vi.  5.  }V]ien  Jesus  then  lift  up  his 
eyes,  and  saw  a  great  company  come  unto  him,  he  saith 
unto  Philip,  Whence  shall  we  buy  bread,  that  these  may 
eatf  The  third  at  St.  Paul's  Cross,  upon  1  Cor.  iv.  1.  Let  a 
man  so  esteem  of  us,  as  ministers  of  Christ,  and  disposers 
of  the  mysteries  of  God. 
Guaiter's         Now  also  (or  rather  the  end  of  the  former  year)  did  Ro- 
uponThe     dolphus  Gualter,  a  learned  minister  of  Zuric,  in  Helvetia, 
First  Epist.  and  of  great  esteem  with  our  bishops  and  divines,  set  forth 
rinthians!'  his  homilies  in  Latin,  upon  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corin- 
thians ;  and  dedicated  his  book  to  divers  of  the  English  bi- 
312  shops,  namely,  such  as  had  been  exiles  at  Zuric,  and  other 
cities   in   those   parts;   as  Grindal,   Sandes,  Cox,   Home, 
Pilkington,  Parkhurst,  &c.    To  this  last  the  book  was  de- 
livered in  December :  and  the  next  month,  the  said  bishop, 
in  a  letter,  shewed  that  learned  man,  how  acceptable  the 
present  was  to  him,  and  professed  in  what  part  he  took  it, 
that  he  [Gualter]  joined  him  with  those  otlier  worthy  and 
learned  bishops  in  the  dedication.    In  that  prefatory  epistle, 
(which  was  dated  the  calends  of  August,  1572,)  that  reverend 
author  did  learnedly  treat  of  the  dignity  and  unity  of  the 
church :  wherein  he  shewed,  that  none  ought  rashly  to  de- 
part from  its  society;  and  lamented  those  great  and  la- 
mentable divisions  in  this  church  of  England,  by  reason  of 
those  that  scrupled  the  apparel  appointed  to  ministers. 
Tiie  Works       This  year  also  came  forth,  printed  by  John  Day,  The 
FriUi"and    ^^^^^    Works  of  William   Tyndal,  John  Frith,  and  Dr. 
Barnes,  set  Bamcs,  tlircc  loorthy  martyrs,  and  principal  teachers  of 

forth. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  463 

this  church  of  England.    Collected  and  compiled  in  one    CHAP. 
tome,  being-  before  scattered,  and  now  in  print  here  exhi- 


bited to  the  church ;  to  the  praise  of  God,  and  profit  of  good  Anno  1573. 
Christian  readers.  Mortui  resurgent.  It  appears,  by  the 
subscription  to  the  preface,  to  have  been  set  forth  by  John 
Fox,  the  martyrologist.  Which  three  he  called  there,  chief 
ringleaders  in  these  latter  times  of  the  church  of  England: 
and  added,  that  we  have  reason  to  praise  God  for  such 
good  books  left  to  the  church.  As  for  Tyndal,  of  him  he 
saith,  that  he  was  commonly  called,  the  apostle  of  Eng- 
land: "  Such  was  his  modesty,  zeal,  charity,  and  painful 
"  travail ;  and  that  he  never  sought  for  ahy  thing  less  than 
"  for  himself;  for  nothing  more  than  for  Christ's  glory, 
"  and  the  edification  of  others :  for  whose  sake  he  bestowed 
"  not  only  his  labour,  but  his  life  and  blood  also.  As  the 
"  apostles  of  the  primitive  age  first  planted  the  church  in 
"  truth  of  the  gospel ;  so  the  same  truth  being  again  de- 
"  faced  and  decayed,  by  enemies  in  this  our  latter  time, 
"  there  was  none  that  travailed  more  earnestly  in  restoring 
*'  of  the  same  in  this  realm  of  England  than  did  William 
"  Tyndall." 

To  William  Tyndall  he  joined  John  Frith  and  D.  Barnes. 
"  For  that  they,  together  with  him,  in  one  cause,  and  about 
"  one  time,  sustained  the  brunt  in  this  our  latter  age,  and 
*'  gave  the  first  onset  against  the  enemies ;  and  also  for  the 
"  special  gifts  of  fruitful  erudition,  and  plentiful  knowledge 
*'  wrought  in  them  by  God ;  and  so  by  them  left  unto  us  in 
"  their  writings." 

And  he  wished  the  like  diligence  had  been  used  in  search- 
ing after  and  collecting  the  works  and  writings  of  Wickliff, 
Purvey,  Clark,  Brute,  Thorp,  Huss,  Hierom.  But  the  art 
of  printing  being  not  yet  invented,  their  worthy  works  were 
the  sooner  abolished.  Such  was  then  the  wickedness  of 
those  days,  and  the  practice  of  prelates  then  so  crafty,  that 
no  good  book  could  appear,  though  it  were  the  scripture 
itself,  in  English,  but  it  was  restrained,  and  so  consumed ; 
as  Fox  judged. 

He  added,  that  in  these  works  of  Tyndal,  Frith,  and 


464      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    Barnes,  was  to  be  found  matter,  not  only  of  doctrine  to  in- 
^'       form  thee,  of  comfort  to  delight  thee,  and   of  godly  en- 

Anno  1573. sample  to  direct  thee;  but  also  of  special  admiration,  to 
make  thee  wonder  at  the  works  of  the  Lord,  so  mightily 
working  in  these  men,  so  opportunely  in  stirring  them  up, 
so  graciously  in  assisting  them. 
313  And  this  gave  occasion  to  this  church  historian,  Mr.  Fox, 
to  subjoin,  that  the  further  he  looked  back  into  those  for- 
mer times  of  Tyndal,  Frith,  and  other  like,  more  simplicity, 
with  true  zeal  and  humble  modesty,  he  saw,  with  less  cor- 
ruption of  affection  in  them :  and  yet  with  these  days  of 
ours,  I  find,  said  he,  no  fault. 

And  then  shewing  his  reason  for  publishing  these  works, 
that  it  was  according  to  the  promise  that  he  had  made  in 
his  Acts  and  Monuments,  of  spending  some  dihgence  in 
collecting  and  setting  abroad  the  books  of  those  martyrs 
(whereof  he  wrote)  together,  as  many  as  could  be  found ; 
to  remain  as  perpetual  lamps,  shining  in  the  churches,  to 
give  light  to  all  posterity. 

A  Summary      John  Stow,  citizen  of  London,  now  set  forth,  in  a  small 

nicies'by     thick  volume,  A  summary  of  the  Chronicles  of  England ; 

Jobn  Stow.y^Q^j  the  first  coming  in  of  Brute  into  this  land,  tintil  the 
year  1573.  Diligently  collected,  corrected,  and  enlarged  by 
the  author.  It  was  dedicated  by  him  to  Robert  earl  of 
Leicester.  And  that  partly,  "  because  of  his  lordship's  in- 
"  clination  to  all  sorts  of  knowledge ;  and  especially  the 
"  creat  love  he  bore  to  the  old  records  of  deeds  done  by  fa- 
"  mous  and  noble  worthies.""  In  the  same  epistle  dedica- 
tory he  shews  the  business  and  purpose  of  his  book ;  viz. 
to  be  a  "  brief  summary  of  the  chiefest  chances  and  acci- 
"  dents  that  had  happened  in  the  realm  to  that  age  wherein 
"  he  lived."  And  that  what  he  had  done  was  "  by  confer- 
"  ence  of  many  ancient  authors ;""  those  he  meant  that  were 
commonly  called  chronicles.  Out  of  which  he  had  gatliered 
many  notable  things,  as  he  said,  most  worthy  of  remem- 
brance ;  which  no  man  to  that  time  had  noted  in  our  vulgar 
tongue. 

Authors  hy       ^he  autliors  lie  made  use  of,  both  in  Latin  and  English, 

liim  made 
use  of. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  465 

are  set  down  by  him  in  his  said  Summary,  to  a  very  great    CHAP, 
number :  which  bespeak  him  a  laborious  antiquarian ;  be-     '  '  "  • 


sides  his  converse  with  many  epistles,  epitaphs,  and  other  A""" '573. 
pamphlets  of  antiquity  for  his  purpose.  There  is  moreover 
in  this  his  Summary,  worthy  our  mention,  another  list  of 
many  ancient  writers  of  English  history,  with  his  account 
and  character  of  each  of  them,  and  their  books,  and  times 
wherein  they  lived ;  beginning  with  Asserus  Menevensis. 
Of  whom,  for  a  specimen,  I  will  repeat  what  he  writes. 

"  Asserus  Menevensis.  A  man  of  great  holiness  and 
"  learning :  who  was  sent  for  from  St.  David's,  in  Wales, 
*'  by  king  Alfrede,  and  by  him  made  bishop  of  Shirburne, 
"  now  called  Salisbury.  It  is  said,  that  king  Alfrede  erected 
"  the  school  or  university  of  Oxford.  But  this  Asserus, 
*'  writing  purposely,  diligently,  and  honourably,  of  king 
*'  Alfred's  noble  acts,  maketh  no  mention  of  it.  Divers 
"  there  be,  and  those  ancient  writers,  which  attribute  all  to 
"  the  English  school  at  Rome.  Which  the  late,  without 
"  consideration,  do  speak  of  Oxford."  Asserus  flourished 
in  the  year  after  Christ's  birth  890.  In  this  Summary  he 
set  down  under  each  year  the  names  of  the  mayors  and 
sheriffs;  and  throughout  the  book  many  remarkable  pas- 
sages of  history  relating  to  the  city  of  London. 

The  queen's  progress  this  svimmer  was  into  Kent.     She  xiie  queen's 
set  out  from  Greenwich  the  14th  of  July.  Thence  to  Croy- P'"»'|t^* , 

•^  •>     into  Kent. 

don,  to  the  archbishop's  house ;  where  she  stayed  ^even 
days.  Thence  to  Orpington,  the  house  of  sir  Percival  Hart. 
Thence  to  her  own  house,  Knolle.  Thence  to  Birlingham, 
the  lord  Burgavennies.  Thence  to  Eridge,  another  house3l4 
of  that  lord.  Thence  to  Bedgbury,  Mr.  Culpepper's  house. 
Thence  to  Hempsted,  Mr.  Guilford's.  Thence  to  Rye.  So 
to  Sisingherst,  Mr.  Baker's,  whom  she  knighted.  Thence  to 
Bocton  Malherb,  to  Mr.  Tho.  Wotton's  there.  Thence  to 
Mr.  Tufton's  at  Hotherfield.  Thence  to  her  own  house, 
Westenhanger :  the  keeper  whereof  was  the  lord  Buck- 
hurst.  And  so  to  Dover.  When  she  departed  from  thence, 
at  Folkston  she  was  met  with  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
and  the  lord  Cobham,  and  a  great  many  knights  and  gen- 
VOL.  II.  H  h 


466       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    tlemen   of  that  county,  and  so  conducted  to  Canterbury, 
'        and  lodged  at  tlie  old  palace  of  St.  Augustine's :  and  treated 


Anno  1573.  by  the  archbishop,  as  we  shall  hear  by  and  by.    From  Can- 
terbury (where  she  tarried  a  fortnight)  she  passed  to  Sit- 
tingburn  ;  and  so  to  Rochester.  Thence  to  her  own  house  at 
Dartford.    And  at  last  came  safely  to  Greenwich  again. 
Some  ac-         From  Mr.  Gilford's  house,  (where  she  was  Avigust  the 
journey.      lOtli,)  the  lord  Burgliley,  in  a  letter  to  the  earl  of  Shrews- 
bury, gave  this   short  account  of  their  journey  hitherto: 
"  That  the  queen  had  a  hard  beginning  of  her  progress  in 
"  the  wild  of  Kent ;  and  namely  in  some  part  of  Sussex : 
"  where  surely  were  more  dangerous  rocks  and  valleys,  as 
"  he  said,  and  much  worse  ground,  than  was  in  the  Peak. 
"  That  they  were  bending  to  Rye ;  and  so  afterwards  to 
"  Dover;  where,  as  he  added,  they  should  have  amends." 
I  will  rehearse  also  the  conclusion  that  lord  made  in  his  let- 
ter; wherein  having   mentioned   the   earPs   noble    seat  of 
Chattesworth,  that  was  then,  as  it  seems,  in  building  or 
adorning,  "  I  must  end  with  my  most  hearty  commenda- 
"  tions  to  your  lordship,  and  my  good  lady,  wishing  myself 
"  with  her  at  Chattesworth ;  where  I  think  I  should  see  a 
"  great  alteration  to  my  good  liking.     From  the  court  at 
"  Mr.  Guilford's  house." 
Lifeof  Abp.      Jn  her  passing,  (I  say,)  she  visited  Canterbury.    How 
ch.  30.'        magnificently  she  was   received  and  entertained  here   by 
archbishop  Parker,  I  have  related  elsewhere.    This  I  only 
add,  that  while  she  was  here,  the  French  ambassador  came 
The  French  to  her.    Who  hearing  the  excellent  music  in  the  cathedral 
arcanter-"^  cliurcli,  extolled  it  up  to  the  sky,  and  brake  out  into  these 
bury,  the     words :   "  O  God  !   I  think  no  prince  beside,  in  all  Europe, 
there.  "  ever  heard  the  like ;  no,  not  our  holy  father,  the  pope 

"  himself."  A  young  gentleman  that  stood  by,  replied, 
"  Ah !  do  you  compare  our  queen  to  the  knave  of  Rome ; 
"  or  rather  prefer  him  before  her .''"  Whereat  the  ambassa- 
dor was  highly  angered,  and  told  it  to  some  of  the  counsel- 
lors. They  bade  him  be  quiet,  and  take  it  patiently:  for 
the  boys,  said  they,  with  us  do  so  call  him,  and  the  Roman 
Antichrist  too.    He  departed  with  a  sad  countenance.    This 


I 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  467 

passage,  bishop  Parkhurst  wrote  to  Gualter  of  Zui'ic,  in  his    CHAP, 
correspondence  with  him.    This  French  ambassador  dined  ______ 


with  the  queen  at  the  archbishop's  palace :  his  title  was  comes  Anno  1573. 
Rhetius ;  with  whom  the  queen  after  dinner  had  much  dis- 
course. 

In  the  middle  of  the  Latin  Life  of  Archbishop  Parker, 
entitled  Matthaus,  there  is  a  large  blank  left,  as  may  be  ob- 
served in  the  said  Latin  Life,  printed  in  the  Appendix  toN".  xc. 
the  Life  and  Acts  of  that   archbishop.     In  which  blank 
place  should  have   stood  a  particular   description  of  the 
queen"'s  progress ;  and  of  her  coming  in  her  said  progress  to 
Canterbury,  and  her  most  splendid  entertainment  by  the  3 15 
archbishop  there.    This  undoubtedly  was  omitted  by  that 
archbishop's  order,   to  prevent  any  censures  of  him  that 
might  be  made  thereupon.    Yet  the  said  description  was 
printed  in  that  void  place,  in  some  few  copies,  rarely  to  be 
(now  especially)  met  withal.    A  worthy  learned  man,  and  aRev.T.  i?a- 
great  searcher  after  such  curiosities,  having  obtained  one  of     '         ' 
these  copies,  communicated  that  material,  omitted  part  of 
the  archbishop"'s  history  to  me,  which,  on  this  occasion,  I 
have  put  into  the  Appendix  as  a  great  rarity:  wherein  the  Number 
queen''s  coming  to  that  city,  and  reception  both  at  the  ca- 
thedral and  palace,  is  more  largely  related ;  and  her  depar- 
ture thence,  and  the  rest  of  her  progress  homeward. 

It  was  sad  to  consider,  that  notwithstanding  the  restora- Wickedness 
tion  of  the  gospel  under  this  queen,  and  that  the  bishops  moutii. 
and  officers  of  the  church  did  what  they  could  in  the  exer- 
cise of  discipline,  for  the  restraint  of  sin  and  wickedness,  as 
adultery,  fornication,  profanation  of  the  Lord''s  day,  wrongs 
done  in  matters  testamentary,  and  the  like ;  yet  these  trans- 
gressions did  abound  very  much:  as  in  other  places,  so  I 
find  particularly  in  the  town  of  Yarmouth,  in  the  diocese 
of  Norwich.  Notwithstanding  the  bishop  had  a  commissary 
there,  on  purpose  to  watch  over  and  take  care  of  those 
parts ;  and  as  occasion  served,  to  inform  the  bishop  of  any 
irregularities  and  misdemeanours.  But  all  little  enough. 
Insomuch,  that  two  well-disposed  persons,  viz.  Mr.  Bacon 
and  Mr.  Meek,  bailiffs  of  Yarmouth,  desired  the  bishop  to 

H  h  2 


468       ANxNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   exercise  his  authority,  and  to  punish  wickedness.    To  which 
the   bishop   gravely   and    wiUingly  condescended :  "  Com- 


Annoi573. "  mending  their  godly  intent  herein;  adding,  that  all  he 
The  bishop  «  ^nd  thcy,  with  all  his  officers,  could  do,  was  too  little ; 
to  the  bail-  "  sin  did  so  much  abound,  and  punishment  thereof  was  so 
iffs  there,     n  slack.    And  that  if  he  might  perceive  any  default  in  his 
"  officers,  being  thereof  by  them  advertised,  he  would  see 
"  it  amended.    This  notwithstanding  he  required  of  them, 
"  that  his  commissary  should  not  be  interrupted  in  his  of- 
"  fice  doing.    And   thus  concluded,   beseeching  Almighty 
"  God,  that  himself  and  they  all  might  be  earnestly  bent, 
"  that  sin  might  be  punished,  to  the  example  of  the  world, 
"  whereby  it  might  be  left  off."     This  letter  was  dated  in 
November. 
The  unsea-       The  season  and  weather  this  year  I  may  be  allowed  to 
weathe'rtiiisS^^^  ^  short  hint  of,  siuce  the  abovesaid  bishop  thought  fit 
year.  ^q  write  of  it  as  far  as  into  Helvetia,  to  his  learned  friends, 

A  dearth.  Gualter  and  Bullinger,  there.  That  from  November  the  last 
year,  to  Whitsuntide  this,  it  was  almost  perpetual  winter : 
for  the  cold  winds,  curus,  aquHo,  et  septentrio,  that  is, 
the  east,  north-east,  and  north,  all  that  time  only  blew.  The 
warm  south  and  south-west  never,  or  rarely.  Yet  there 
was  scarcely  snow  or  frost  before  candlemas.  And  then  the 
country  abounded  with  both.  Which  caused  a  very  great 
dearth,  not  only  of  bread,  but  of  all  other  things.  Which 
the  pious  bishop  attributed  to  this  cause ;  because  charity 
grew  so  cold.  But  in  the  latter  end  of  June,  notwitlistand- 
ing,  there  appeared  better  hopes,  and  the  standing  corn 
every  where  very  promising.  But  the  harvest  was  not  be- 
gun, especially  in  Norfolk,  till  Bartholomew-tide;  and  that 
a  very  moist  and  rainy  season ;  scarce  a  fair  day  in  the 
3 16  whole  harvest.  So  that  no  small  part  of  the  corn  perished. 
However,  the  greatest  part  was  saved  by  the  unwearied 
pains  and  diligence  of  the  liarvest-men. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  469 

CHAP.   XXXI. 

BulUnger  and  Giialtcr,  their  judgments  of  the  new  dis- 
cipline. The  exercises :  in  what  order  and  manner  per- 
formed in  Hertfordshire ;  by  the  direction  of  the  bishop 
of  Lincoln.  The  exercises  forbidden  in  the  diocese  of 
Norwich.  Some  privy  counsellors  write  to  the  bishop  of 
Norwich  infovour  of  them:  which  occasions  his  letter  to 
the  bishop  of  London  for  direction;  and  to  the  bishop  of 
Rochester.  Notice  given  to  the  archbishop  of  the  sup- 
pression of  them.  Not  suppressed  in  other  dioceses.  The 
book  of  the  Troubles  at  Franlford  pj-inted.  Reprinted, 
1642.  Some  pretend  to  cast  out  devils.  Account  of  two 
persons  afflicted  with  Satan,  in  a  letter  of  the  bishop 
of  Norwich  to  Bidlinger.  An  innovation  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Norwich.  The  bishop'' s  letters  thereupon.  Ari- 
anism  and  the  family  of  love  in  Cambridgeshire. 

JxN  argument  of  the  correspondence  held  the  year  1574,  Anno  1574. 
between  some  of  the  English  bishops,  and  their  old  friends  ,^p^,t "f^^^^e 
of  Zuric  in  Switzerland,  was  concerning  those  that  laboured  divines  of 
to  bring  in  a  ruling  presbytery  into  this  church,  instead  of  ggrninsth'e 
bishops ;  and  for  taking  away  their  revenues,  and  putting  innovators. 
them  to  better  uses.    These  were  not  approved  of  by  those 
divines.    Bullinger,  the  chief  of  them,  in  a  letter,  dated  May 
the  10th,  1574,  writ  thus  to  one  of  our  bishops  concerning 
these  innovators.     "  They  imitate,  in   mine   opinion,  those  Buiiinger's 
"  seditious  tribunes  of  Rome,  who,  by  virtue  of  the  Agra- s^^^^.  V,f 
"  rian  law,  bestowed  the  public  goods,  that  they  might  en-  the  pre- 

.  .  .        tended  holy 

"rich  themselves.  That  is,  that  you  [the  bishops]  being discipi. 
"  overthrown,  they  might  succeed  in  your  places,  &c.  But^'^'**  ^^^^' 
"  they  go  about  to  erect  a  church,  which  they  shall  never 
"  advance  as  they  desire ;  neither  if  they  should,  can  they 
"  ever  be  able  to  continue  it."  And  after,  in  the  same  let- 
ter, "  I  would  to  God  there  were  not  in  the  authors  of  this 
"  presbytery  libido  dominandi,  an  ambitious  desire  of  rule 
"  and  principality.  Nay,  I  think  it  ought  especially  to  be 
"  provided  for,  that  there  be  not  any  high  authority  given 

Hh3 


470       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  to  this  presbytery.    Whereof  many  things  might  be  said; 
'        "  but  time  will  reveal  many  things  which  yet  lie  hid." 
Anno  1574.      And  Gualter,  another  divine  at  Zuric  this  same  year,  in 
tiie'^i/isiio*'  his  letter  to  Sandys,  bishop  of  London,  delivered  his  mind 
of  London,  tlius  concerning  the  discipline  :  "  I  understand  that  the  strife 
^  "   "  among  you,    procured  by  certain   turbulent  innovators, 
"  doth  wax  hot ;  and  that  they  are  gone  so  far,  that  under 
317  "  the  plausible  title  of  g'ood  order  and  discipline,  they  de- 
"  sire  the  whole  government  and  policy  of  the  church  of 
"  England  to  be   utterly   overthrown.      Surely   I    should 
"  mervaile  at  the  immodesty  and  wilful  desire  of  contention 
"  in  these  men,  but  that  I  see  the  same  is  practised  else- 
"  where  ;  especially  where  the  authority  of  the  brethren  of 
"  Geneva  is  so  greatly  esteemed,  that  Geneva  is  accounted 
"  the  oracle  of  all  Christendom.     God  hath  indeed  adorned 
"  that  church  with  diverse  excellent  gifts,  and  the  ministers 
"  thereof.     Among  whom,  master  Beza  I  have  always  re- 
"  verenced  and  loved ;  and  do  so  still.     But  yet  I  would 
"  wish  them  modestius  et  humiliiis  sapere:   and  not  seek 
"  to  draw  their  shoe   upon  every  man"'s  foot,  &c.     What 
"  hath  been  done  in  the  Palsgrave's  country,  as  I  writ  unto 
"  you  before.""    Which  period  of  his  former  letter  to  the  bi- 
shop of  London,  which  Gualter  liere  refers  to,  I  will  here 
set  down,  for  better  clearing  of  the  following  part  of  his 
letter. 

"It  was  of  late  decreed  by  the  minister  of  Heidelberg, 
"  that  no  man  should  be  admitted  to  the  Lord's  supper, 
"  except  he  first  offered  liimself  to  the  pastor.  For  St. 
"  Paul's  rule  is  not  held  sufficient  there,  viz.  that  every 
"  man  should  try  himself.  The  elders  did  not  agree  to  this 
"  decree.  But  yet  notwithstanding  it  is  urged  in  the  name 
"  of  the  presbytery,  nay,  of  the  whole  church,  &c.  There  is 
"  there  an  Helvetian  governor  of  the  college  of  St.  Denis, 
"  as  innocent  and  godly  a  man  as  liveth.  Howbeit  Oliva- 
"  nus,  the  pastor,  warned  him  by  the  crier  of  the  presby- 
"  tery,  in  the  name  of  all  the  elders,  that  he  should  not 
"  come  to  the  Lord's  supper.  Adding  this  cause,  that  he 
"  could  not  admit  him  absque  animi  sui  offensione,  without 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  471 

"  the  offence  of  his  own  mind.    The  party  took  this  deahng   CHAP. 
"  (as  was  reason)  in  ill  part,  and  desired  to  know  what  he    ^^^^' 


"  had  committed  that  deserved  such  a  punishment.  But  they  Anno  1574. 

"  answered  him  not  otherwise,  than  that  they  continued  in 

"  the  same  mind.    Whereupon  he  offered  a  supplication  to 

"  the  prince  elector,  that  he  would  compel  them  to  shew 

"  the  fault,  if  there  were  any,  that  he  had  committed.     But 

**  to  this  day  he  could  extort  nothing  else  in  effect  frqm 

"  them.     This  is  their  goodly  order ;  this  their  discipline." 

And  now  I  go  on  in  Gualter's  second  letter,  where  I  left  off. 

"  Surely  the  state  there,  [in  the  Palsgrave's  country,]  as 
"  touching  discipline,  and  the  government  of  the  church,  all 
"  men  that  come  thence  do  say,  it  is  worse  than  it  was  be- 
"  fore.  And  it  is  sure  that  many  do  repent  that  they  ever 
"  admitted  those  men''s  counsel.  But  yet  the  Genevians  do 
"  still  endeavour  to  thrust  their  discipline  upon  all  churches. 
"  And  if  they  shall  deny  this,  they  may  be  sufficiently  con- 
"  vinced  by  the  books  of  theological  examples  tliat  Beza 
"  published  this  other  year.  That  they  suggest  their  argu- 
"  ments  and  counsels,  not  only  to  you  Englishmen,  but  in 
"  hke  sort  to  the  Germans,  Phrysians,  Polonians,  and  Hun- 
"  garians.  Whereby,  among  those  that  agreed  well  before, 
"  rixcB  et  turhcB  enascuntur^  brawlings  and  quarrels  do 
"  arise.  Sec."  And  so  having  signified  what  troubles  the  in- 
novators beyond  the  seas,  as  well  as  in  England,  did  pro- 
cure, he  moved  the  bishop  to  do  as  he  and  Mr.  Bullinger 
did  :  that  is,  to  moderate  such  busy  wits  (as  they  might) 
for  a  time.  "  Eor  (saith  he)  spero^  cBdi/icium  novce  disci- 
"  plince  brevi  propria  mole  rjuiturum^  &c.  I  hope  the  frame  318 
"  of  this  new  discipline  will,  in  short  time,  fall  of  itself; 
"  considering  that  now  it  appears  sufficiently,  many  are  now 
"  become  weary  of  it,  that  had  it  before  in  admiration." 

The  same  Helvetian  divine  wrote  also  this  year  to  another  Guaiter  to 
bishop,  his  correspondent,  namely,  the  bishop  of  Ely,  upon  ,,£  gj*'*^  ^p J* 
the  same  argument,  two  letters :  which  may  be  read  in  the  454. 
Survey  of  the  pretended  holy  discipline.     In  one  whereof, 
dated  Aug.  20,  are  these  words :  "  I  shall  not  need  to  use 
"  many  words,  what  I  think  of  your  innovators^  sith  I  have 

H  h  4 


472       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


Exercises 
now  used 
by  the  mi 
nisters. 


BOOK    "  done  it  in  my  last  letters.     And  surely  I  am  greatly  con- 
"  firmed  in  my  former/opinion,  by  the  examples  which  such 

Anno  1574."  like  innovators  in  Germany  do  bring  forth.  Video  enim 
"  iUis  nom'inihus  nihil  ainhitiosius,  nihil  insolentius^  nihil 
"  inejJtius  fingi  possit.  For  whereas  there  are  many  things 
"  most  wickedly  done  by  them  daily,  yet  they  are  not 
"  ashamed  to  pretend  the  zeal  of  God,  in  excuse  of  those 
"  things,  which,  contrary  to  the  word  of  God,  they  devise 
"  most  wickedly  and  maliciously  against  the  servants  of 
"  Christ.  But  as  far  as  I  can  conjecture,  many,  by  whose 
"  covmsel  and  assistance  the  frame  of  this  discipline  was 
"  chiefly  erected,  are  now  ashamed  of  them." 

Exercises  among  the  ministers  and  curates  of  churches 
(called  prophcsyings,  from  the  apostle's  word,  1  Cor.  xiv.) 
were  now  used  in  most  dioceses.  The  main  end  whereof 
was  for  the  inciting  those  that  were  in  orders  to  apply  them- 
selves to  the  study  and  understanding  of  the  holy  scripture; 
and  to  enable  them  to  make  profitable  sermons,  and  to 
preach  in  their  several  cures  and  parochial  charges.  In 
order  to  these  exercises,  the  clergy  were  sorted  into  divers 
competent  companies  or  societies,  by  subscription  of  their 
names;  and  particular  churches  and  days  appointed,  and 
the  persons  named  to  exercise  and  perform  in  their  order : 
and  the  rest,  after  the  exercise  was  over,  were  to  judge  of 
what  had  been  spoken ;  and  a  moderator  to  be  present,  to 
determine  and  conclude  all.  That  which  was  to  be  done  at 
these  meetings  was,  that  a  certain  portion  of  scripture  given 
should  be  handled  by  some  of  them  assigned  thereto,  by 
way  of  explication,  and  apt  observations  to  be  deduced  from 
thence.  The  moderator  was  nominated  by  the  bishop  of 
the  diocese,  as  likewise  the  order  of  the  whole  allowed  by 
him. 

This  was  practised,  to  the  great  benefit  and  improvement 
of  the  clergy :  many  of  whom,  in  those  times,  were  igno- 

in Hertford- rant,  both  in  scripture  and  divinity.  In  October  this  year, 
the  bishop  of  Lincoln  settled  orders  and  moderators  for 
these  prophesyings  in  that  part  of  Hertfordshire  that  lay  in 
his  diocese,  with  his  own  hand  subscribed  to  them ;  and  the 


Bishop  of 
Lincoln 
settles  them  ' 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  473 

like,  no  question,  in  the  other  parts  of  his  see.     It  may  be    CHAP, 
worth  recording  the  paper :  which  was  in  this  tenor  r 


First,  It  is  thought  meet,  your  exercises  shall  be  kept  A"""  ^574. 
"  every  other  week,  upon  the  Thursdays,  from  nine  of  the  ^^^  '  ^^"^^ 
"  clock  in  the  forenoon  until  eleven,  and  not  past.     So  that 
*'  the  first  speaker  exceed  not  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  nor 
"  the  two  last  half  an  hour  between  them  both.     The  rem- 
"  nant  of  the  time  to  be  left  for  the  moderator.     If  the 
"  Thiu-sday  shall  fall  out  to  be  some  holyday,  then,  &c." 
[to  be  considered  on  what  other  day  they  were  to  be  ob- 
served :  as  in  the  orders  for  these  exercises  in  the  diocese  of  319 
Chester.    Some  years  after,  I  find  they  were  ordered  on  the 
Tuesday  before  by  Chaderton  the  bishop.] 

"  A  table  of  the  names  of  the  speakers  being  made,  it 
"  may  easily  be  known  who  should  speak,  whereof,  at  what 
"  time,  and  in  what  place,  what  course  every  man  is  bound 
"  to  keep  in  his  own  person  :  except  upon  urgent  occasion 
"  he  be  hindered.  And  then  may  he  substitute  a  sufficient 
"  deputy :  yet  such  an  one  as  belongeth  to  our  exercise : 
"  whose  name  shall  be  signified  to  the  moderator  before. 
"  So  that  the  place  be  never  destitute ;  and  the  brethren 
"  may  know  whom  to  look  for. 

"  All  the  speakers  ought  carefully  to  keep  them  to  the 
"  text;  abstaining  from  heaping  up  of  many  testimonies, 
"  allegations  of  profane  histories,  exhortations,  applications, 
"  common  places,  and  divisions,  not  aptly  grounded  upon 
"  the  text :  not  falling  into  controversies  of  our  present 
"  time  or  state  :  neither  glancing  closely  or  openly  at  any 
"  persons,  public  or  private;  much  less  confuting  one  an- 
"  other.  But  contrariwise,  all  their  care  ought  to  be  to  rip 
"  up  the  text ;  to  shew  the  sense  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  and 
"  briefly,  pithily,  and  plainly  to  observe  such  things  as 
"  hereafter  may  well  be  applied  in  preaching,  concerning 
"  either  doctrine  or  manners. 

"  The  text  may  be  handled  in  this  sort :  if  first,  we  shew, 
"  whether  it  depend  of  former  words,  or  no.  And  how,  and 
"  upon  what  occasion  the  words  were  spoken,  the  fact  done, 


474      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "or  the  history  rehearsed :  so  that  this  be  soundly  gathered 
__J[___"  out  of  the  scriptures:  the  drift  and  scope  of  the  words, 


Anno  1574. "  and  thc  plain  meaning  of  that  place  of  scripture,  is  to  be 
"  opened :  the  property  of  the  words  to  be  noted,  whether  a 
"  figure,  or  no :  the  use  of  the  like  phrase  of  scriptvire  in 
"  other  places :  reconciling  such  places  as  seem  to  repugn : 
"  lay  forth  the  arguments  used  in  the  text :  shew  the  vir- 
"  tues  and  vices  contained  or  mentioned  therein ;  and  to  the 
"  fulfilling  or  breach  of  which  commandment  they  belong. 
"  How  the  present  text  hath  been  wrested  by  the  adversa- 
"  ries :  and  how  and  wherein  they  have  been  deceived. 
"  What  points  observed  that  may  serve  for  confirmation  of 
"  faith,  and  exhortation  to  sanctification  of  life,  against  oc- 
"  casion  shall  be  offered  of  preaching. 

"  After  the  first  speaker  hath  ended,  the  second  is  to 
"  speak  of  the  same  text,  and  in  the  same  order :  having  a 
"  careful  respect  to  add,  and  not  to  repeat;  to  beware,  as 
"  much  as  in  him  lieth,  that  he  utter  no  contradiction  to 
*'  the  former  speaker.  If  it  fall  out  the  former  shall  give 
"  out  any  false  doctrine,  the  public  confutation  and  qualify- 
"  ing  of  the  words  is  to  be  left  to  the  moderator :  and  the 
"  matter  itself  further  to  be  handled  privately,  by  the 
"  brethren.  The  same  order  in  the  same  text  hath  the 
"  third  speaker  to  keep.  And  both  of  them,  as  the  rest,  are 
"  bound  not  to  exceed  the  time. 

"  Prayers  ought  to  be  made  by  the  first  speaker  for  the 
*'  whole  state  of  the  church,  at  the  beginning  of  the  exercise 
"  sliortly;  and  at  the  end  by  the  moderator:  namely,  for 
"  the  queen*'s  majesty :  by  whose  good  means  God  hath 
"  granted  us  liberty  to  proceed  cheerfully  in  such  exercises. 
"  Especially,  we  liave  to  pray  for  the  grace  of  God*'s  holy 
320"  Spirit,  for  truth,  unity,  reverence,  discretion,  and  dili- 
"  gence  in  our  ministry.  The  form  of  prayer  is  further  to 
"  be  prescribed. 

"  Our  exercise  shall  be  had  only  and  wholly  in  the  Eng- 
"  lish  tongue ;  avoiding  allegation  of  scripture,  fathers,  pro- 
"  fane  authors,  &c.  in  the  Latin,  for  spending  of  time :  un- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  475 

"  less  the  force  of  some  Latin  or  Greek  Avord,  for  further   CHAP. 

XXXI 

"  instruction,  be  shewed  as  a  thing  most  necessarily  to  be    ' 


noted,  where  ability  will  serve.  Anno  1574. 

"  The  exercise  ended,  the  brethren  coming  together,  [the 
"  assembly  being  dismissed,]  and  the  first  speaker  for  that 
"  time  put  apart,  and  all,  so  many  as  have  not  given  their 
"  names  to  our  exercise,  secluded ;  the  moderator  shall  re- 
"  quire  of  the  brethren,  by  order,  their  judgments  concern- 
"  ing  the  first  speaker,  for  whose  cause  chiefly  the  day's 
"  meeting  and  assembly  hath  been.  First,  how  sound  his 
"  doctrine ;  how  he  kept  his  text,  or  wherein  he  swerved ; 
"  how  truly  scripture  expounded,  and  testimonies  alleged ; 
"  how  he  hath  observed  our  order  of  prophesy;  how  plain 
"  or  obscure  his  words ;  how  modest  his  speech  or  gesture; 
"  how  seemly,  reverend,  and  sober  his  whole  action  in  the 
"  exercise  hath  been ;  and  wherein  he  failed.  Withal  is  to 
"  be  considered,  how  some  of  his  words  doubtfully  spoken 
"  may  be  charitably  expounded  and  construed  in  the  better 
"  part.  This  done,  the  first  speaker  must  be  contented  to 
"  be  admonished  by  the  moderator,  and  the  rest  of  the 
"  brethren,  of  such  things  as  shall  seem  to  the  company 
"  worthy  admonition.  The  same  inquiry  is  to  be  made  of 
"  the  life  of  the  speakers  in  their  course.  That  we  may  all 
"  be  reformed  both  in  doctrine  and  in  life. 

"  In  this  consultation,  and  after  this  admonition  to  the 
"  speakers,  shall  be  moved,  by  any  of  the  brethren,  any 
"  doubt  that  justly  might  rise  of  the  text,  and  not  yet  an- 
*'  swered  by  any  of  the  speakers.  Wherein  he  is  to  be  re- 
"  solved  by  the  speakers  and  moderator:  but  if  he  seem  not 
"  yet  so  fully  satisfied,  and  the  question  of  importance,  by 
"  consent  of  the  brethren,  it  shall  be  deferred,  until  the  next 
"  exercise,  for  the  first  speaker  for  that  time  to  handle,  in 
"  the  entrance  of  that  day's  prophesy.  Further,  none  of 
"  the  speakers  shall  take  upon  him  publicly  to  make  an- 
"  swer,  unless  he  be  able  presently,  pithily,  and  plainly  to 
"  answer  the  same. 

"  No  man  shall  willingly  shun  the  exercise,  or  fail  in  his 
"  course ;  neither  shew  himself  disordered,  or  refuse,  or 


476      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


321 


The  bi- 
shop's al 
lowance. 


BOOK  "  Stomach  such  brotherly  admonition  as  is  to  be  used;  nei- 
^-  "  ther  speak  publicly  or  privately  against  any  good  order 
Anno  1574. "  taken  by  the  brethren,  and  ratified  by  our  ordinary.  And 
"  if  any  shall  so  do,  and  be  found  therein  incorrigible,  we 
"  have  leave  to  put  out  his  name  in  the  table,  till  he  be  re- 
"  formed.  And  in  the  mean  while  we  are  to  signify  his 
"  fault  unto  the  bishop. 

"  The  appointing  of  the  ministers  to  our  exercises  be- 
"  longeth  unto  our  ordinary.  Neither  are  we  to  place  any 
"  to  the  same,  but  such  as  shall  be  admitted  by  him,  and 
"  those  whosoever  shall  first  yield  to  the  observation  of 
"  these  orders,  and  testify  the  same  by  their  subscription."" 
The  bishop's  alloioancc. 
"  These  orders  of  exercise  offered  to  me  by  the  learned 
'  of  the  clergy  of  Hertfordshire,  I  think  good  and  godly, 
'  and  greatly  making  to  the  furtherance  of  true  doctrine, 
'  and  the  increase  of  godly  knowledge  in  them  that  are  not 
'  as  yet  able  to  preach :  specially,  if  the  same  rules  be  so- 
'  berly,  with  wisdom  and  discretion,  observed.  Therefore 
'  I  earnestly  exhort  and  require  all  such,  as  will  not  shew 
'  themselves  to  be  backward  in  religion,  and  hinderers  of 
'  the  truth,  diligently  to  observe  the  same,  and  resort  unto 
'  the  exercise.  Or  if  they  will  not  presently,  upon  the 
'  warning  of  the  moderators,  to  appear  before  me,  to  yield 
'  an  account,  why  they  will  not  submit  themselves  to  so 
'  godly  and  profitable  an  exercise. 

"  Nevertheless,  I  require,  that  you  admit  not  any  to  be 
'  president  or  moderator  in  that  exercise,  but  such  as  I  have 
'  allowed  by  this  present  subscription,  before  that  I,  upon 
'  particular  ti'ial,  shall  accept  and  allow  the  same.  Nor 
'  shall  you  permit  any  stranger  to  speak  among  you,  but 
'  such  as  you  know  will  stay  himself  within  the  compass  of 
'  these  orders,  and  not  break  them,  to  the  defaming  of  the 
'  present  state  of  the  church  of  England.  Or  if  any  shall 
'  so  do,  be  he  stranger  or  other,  that  presently  one  of  the 
'  moderators  stay  him,  that  he  proceed  not  therein.  This 
26th  of  October,  anno  1574. 

"  Thomas  Lincoln." 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  477 

*'  For  this  present  time,  until   I   have  further  trial  of   CHAP. 
"  others,  I  appoint  the  chief  moderators,  these  whose  names 


"  are  subscribed,  one  at  least  of  which  I  require  always  to  Anno  1574. 
"  be  at  the  exercise :  Mr.  Horn  of  Hempsted,  Mr.  Mount- "^^^  '"°'^^- 

^  '  rators  ap- 

"  ford  of  Tuynge,  Mr.  Hammond  of  Leachwould,  Mr.  Pot- pointed. 
"  kin  of  Lilly. 

"  All  which  I  require  to  have  diligent  care  of  the  ob- 
*'  servation  of  the  former  orders,  as  they  will  answer  to  the 
"  contrary." 

These  exercises  or  prophesyings  were  practised  at  Holt,  Exercises  in 
and  other  places  in  the  diocese  of  Norwich,  by  the  counte-  of  Norwich 
nance  and  encouragement  of  that  bishop,  till  in  the  very  ^ o'"^''''^*^°' 
beginning  of  this  year,  1574,  when  the  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury had  received  a  command  from  the  queen  (who  had 
heard  they  were  abused)  to  send  to  all  the  bishops  of  his 
province,  to  put  them  down.  The  bishop  of  Norwich  was 
surprised,  when  the  archbishop  sent  this  order  to  him  ;  and 
being  willing  to  suppose  he  meant  only  the  regulation  of 
the  abuses  thereof,  shewed  the  archbishop,  how  these  exer- 
cises daily  brought  singular  benefit  to  the  church  of  God, 
as  well  to  the  clergy  as  laity ;  and  that  it  was  a  right  ne- 
cessary exercise  to  be  continued,  if  it  were  not  abused. 
Which  he  acknowledged  had  been  once  or  twice  by  busy 
speakers  against  conformity  in  rehgion.  But  that  they  had 
been  silenced,  until  they  should  subscribe  the  articles,  &c. 

In   this  very  time  (which  was  the  beginning  of  May)  322 
Grindal,  bishop  of  London,  and  three  others  of  the  privy  So«ue  privy 
council,  sir  Francis  Knowles,  sir  Walter  Mildmay,  and  sir  write  to  the 
Tho.  Smith,  secretary  of  state,  wrote  to  the  bishop  of  Nor-  '^'^^'op  of 

•   1  T  11  •  1  •      1  •      T  Norwich  in 

wicn,  commenclmg  much  those  exercises  used  m  his  diocese;  favour  of 
and  advised  that  they  might  not  be  hindered  or  stayed,  but  ^•g^J''"^'^" 
might  proceed  and  go  forward,  to  God's  glory,  and  edifying 
of  the  people.  This  was  writ  May  the  6th.  Of  this  letter 
the  bishop  soon  acquainted  the  archbishop;  whose  order 
from  the  queen  seemed  contrary  to  this  of  the  queen's  coun- 
sellors. Wherefore  the  archbishop  desired  to  know  what 
those  privy  counsellors"'  warrant  was  for  their  so  writing 
unto  liim.     This  caused  the  said  bishop  of  Norwich  to  de- 


478       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    spatch  a  letter  to  the  bishop  of  London  (who  was  known  to 
^'        favour  the  exercises)  for  instructions  what  answer  to  make 

Anno  1574.  to  the  archbishop  :  importing,  "  That  he  had  received  from 
His  letter    a  ^inn,  and  the  said  three  privy  counsellors,  letters  to  this 

to  the  bi-  ^  ,  -11  ■  n 

shop  of  "  effect,  that  whereas  certam  godly  exercises  of  2)7-ophesymg 
about°this  "  were  used  in  these  parts,  and  some  not  well  disposed  to- 
niatter.  "  wards  true  religion,  did  speak  evil,  and  slander  the  same, 
"  that  he  should  notwithstanding  proceed  and  go  forward 
"  in  the  same ;  so  as  no  seditious,  hypocritical,  or  schisma- 
*'  tical  doctrines  were  taught  or  maintained  in  the  same,  &c. 
*'  And  that  not  long  before  the  receipt  of  their  letters,  he 
"  had  word  sent  him  by  a  chaplain  of  my  lord  of  Canter- 
"  bury"'s  grace,  that  the  queen's  commandment  was,  that 
"  these  exercises  should  be  suppressed :  and  that  now  lately 
"  his  grace,  understanding  that  he  [the  bishop  of  Norwich] 
"  had  received  these  letters  from  his  lordship  and  the  rest, 
"  willed  him  to  let  him  understand  what  their  warrant  was; 
"  since  her  majesty,  as  his  grace  wrote,  had  commanded 
"  him  to  write  to  all  his  brethren  of  this  province  to  the 
"  contrary.  That  therefore,  before  he  should  do  any  thing 
"  in  answer  to  his  grace,  he  thought  good  to  signify  thus 
"  much  to  his  lordship  :  praying  him  of  his  friendly  advice 
"  herein.  That  neither  his  duty  might  be  neglected,  in  an- 
'*  swering  his  grace's  request ;  nor  the  same  answer  to  be 
"  such  as  might  offend  his  lordship  and  the  rest  of  the 
"  honourable,  that  had  written  for  the  continuance  of  that 
"  godly  exercise  of  expounding  the  scriptures :  which  un- 
"  doubtedly  had  brought  singular  benefit  to  the  church  of 
"  God.  This  was  dated  May  28,  from  Ludham." 
And  to  the  And  as  he  wrote  the  former  letter  to  the  bishop  of  Lon- 
Ro(-hest*er.  ^""»  ^^^•>  heing  loath  to  be  an  instrument  of  forbidding  a 
matter  of  such  excellent  use  to  the  church,  as  he  esteemed 
it,  he  wrote  to  another  bishop,  Freke,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
the  queen's  great  almoner,  for  his  thoughts  and  advice 
about  the  same  matter.  The  answer,  it  seems,  given  him 
by  both  these  right  reverend  bishops,  however  they  ap- 
proved the  exercises,  at  this  juncture,  was,  to  comply. 
The  arch-        And  as  the  bishop  had  consulted  with  these  two  court 

hishoj)  clis- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  479 

prelates  concerning  this  weighty  matter,  so  for  his  own  satis-   CHAP, 
faction  he  thought  fit  to  communicate  it  to  some  of  his    ^^^^- 
learned  and  discreet  brethren  of  the  clergy,  to  confer  with  Anno  1574. 
them  about  it.     One  Matchet  also,  a  chaplain  of  the  arch-  g_"steJ  »* 

^  ^  _  the  talk  of 

bishop''s,  coming  down  into  those  parts,  had  reported  it  to  his  letter  in 

divers.   Whereby  the  archbishop's  letter  of  stopping  the  ex-  *  '^  'ocese. 

ercises  got  wind  in  that  diocese,  and  gave  great  occasion  of 

talk  there  :    which,  coming  to  his  grace''s  ears,  gave  him 

some  disgust.     For  which  the  bishop  of  Norwich  thus  vin-323 

dicated  himself;  "  That  whereas  his  grace  seemed  to  mislike, 

'  that  he  should  communicate  with  his  friends  concerning 

'  such  matters  as  he  [the  archbishop]  wrote  in  his  letters, 

'  that  if  the  cause  were  weighty,  he  could  not  but  think  it 

'  needful  to  take  advice.  And  yet,"  he  added,  "  that  he  im- 

'  parted  not  such  matter  to  many,  or  to  talkative  persons. 

'  And  that  concerning  such  public  commandments  as  could 

'  hardly  be  kept  close,  others  in  such  matters  were  to  be 

'  suspected,  rather  than  himself,  for  opening  them  to  their 

'  ears  and  handling ;  to  whom  they  came  before  he  heard 

'  or   received   them :    as   particularly   that  commandment 

'  which  his  grace  sent  for  the  suppressing  of  prophesies, 

'  written  in  a  letter  to  Matchet  his  chaplain :  and  the  same 

'  uttered  to  sundry  persons,  after  he  had  an  understanding 

'  thereof." 

But  our  bishop  obeyed,  and  sent  to  his  chancellor,  that  These  exer- 
being  commanded  by  the  archbishop,  in  the  queen's  name,  presse!d.^' 
that  the  prophesying  throughout  his  diocese  should  be  sup- 
pressed ;  therefore,  that  he  should  give  notice  to  every  one 
of  his  commissaries,  that  in  their  several  circuits  they  should 
suppress  the  same. 

And  so  the  bishop  signified  to  the  archbishop,  concerning  Signified  by 
his  conformity  to  the  queen's  commandment,  together  with toUieVrch- 
some  account  of  the  letter  late  written  to  him  from  the  privy  '^'shop. 
counsellors:  "  That  it  might  like  his  grace  to  understand, 
"  that  certain,  of  good  place  and  great  credit,  had  writ  unto 
"  him  not  long  since,  not  by  the  way  of  any  warrant,  but  as 
''  giving  advice;  that,  so  as  nothing  was  brought  in  ques- 
"  tion,  tending  to  controversy  and  frivolous  contention,  or 


480       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  contrary  to  her  majesty's  commandment,  or  laws  esta- 
^"        "  Wished,  the  exercise  of  prophesying  might  well  be  con- 


Anno  1574."  tinned.  But  notwithstanding,  knowing  from  his  grace, 
"  that  her  majesty's  commandment  was,  that  the  same 
"  should  be  suppressed  through  his  grace's  province,  he 
"  had  already  stayed  them  himself  in  some  places,  and  had 
"  commanded  his  officers  to  suppress  the  same  throughout 
"  his  diocese.  This  was  dated  June  the  7th." 
Theconten-  The  ministers  of  this  diocese  indeed  seemed  to  be  more 
tion  amonK  contentious  about  orders  and  usages  of  the  church  prescrib- 

the  minis-  i    •         i        t        ji 

ters.  The    ed,  as,  what  bread  was  to  be  used  m  the  Lord  s  supper, 
thereoT      whether  wafer  or  common  loaf  bread,  as  well  as  other  ob- 
servances:  and  these  controversies  brought   unseasonably 
into  their  exercises ;  thus  disputing  upon  things  established. 
The  report  whereof  came  up  (as  it  is  like)  to  the  ears  of  the 
court :  which  might  give  occasion  to  the  staying  of  them  in 
Not  yet       this  diocese  particularly.     For  the  archbishop  had  not  sent 
[n'^other"     ^^^  ^^^^  order  to  other  dioceses ;  as  appears  by  the  bishop  of 
dioceses.      Rochester's  answer  to  the  bishop  of  Norwich's  letter,  above 
mentioned :  which  was  to  this  purpose,  (after  he  had  ob- 
served that  the  bishop  had  liked  and  allowed  of  his  ad- 
vice ;)  "  That  whereas  his  lordship  would  understand,  whe- 
"  ther  the  like  commandment  were  generally  given  through- 
"  out  this  province,   I  must  tell  your  lordship,  answered 
"  he,  that  I  hear  of  no  such  commandment,  neither  in  Lon- 
"  don  diocese,  neither  yet  in  mine,  nor  elsewhere.     But 
"  then  he  added,  that  the  bishop  of  London  himself,  and 
"  others,  had  taken  such  order,  that  no  man  within  any  of 
*'  their  dioceses,  in  any  matter  of  controversy,  shall  have 
324  "  any  thing  to  do.     And  so,  by  this  means,  the  exercise  is 
"  continued,  to  the  comfort  of  God's  church,  increase  of 
"  knowledge  in  the  ministiy,  without  offence.     And  so  he 
"  doubted  nothing  but  so  it  should  do  within  his  diocese 
"  [of  Norwich,]  if  his  lordship  would  observe  the  like  order. 
"  And  so  resting,  and  taking  his  leave  of  his  lordship. 
"  Dated  from  the  court  the  13tli  of  June." 

How  these  exercises  came  afterwards  more  peremptorily 
to  be  put  down,  and  what  displeasure  the  queen  conceived 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  481 

against  archbishop  Grindal  for  liis  refusal  to  do  it,  may  be    CHAP, 
seen  at  large  in  that  archbishop's  Life,  with  his  plain  and          ^^' 


excellent  letter  to  the  queen,  in  favour  of  the  same,  and  in  Anno  1574. 

f>  1  •  1  i?  Book  ii. 

excuse  01  liimseli.  ^.j^  g 

But  notwithstanding  some  stops  put  to  these  exercises,  The  exer-  " 
they  were  generally  so  approved,  in  regard  of  the  benefit  of  IJf^^J "*['*' 
them,  in  bringing  in  the  knowledge  of  the  scriptures  among  c  hester. 
both  ministers  and  people,  the  better  to  confirm  all  against 
the  errors  and  superstitions  of  popery,  that  it  was  not  long 
ere  they  revived  again.    Thus  I  find  in  the  year  1585  there 
was  a  regulation,  rather  than  a  beginning  of  them,  in  the 
diocese  of  Chester,  Dr.  William  Chaderton  (sometime  mas- 
ter of  Queen's  college  in  Cambridge)  now  being  bishop  of 
that  see.    There  were  directions  set  down  for  that  ecclesi- 
astical exercise,  and  the  manner  of  proceeding  therein ;  the 
office  of  the  moderators ;  rules  to  be  observed  by  the  speak- 
ers and  writers;  the  times  of  meeting;  the  towns  where; 
viz.  Prescot,  Burie,  Padian,  and  Preston.    And  this  in  pur- 
suance of  letters  from  the  privy  council.  All  the  people  had 
liberty  to  resort  to  the  sermon ;  but  none  to  the  exercise 
that  followed,  but  parsons,  vicars,  curates,  and  schoolmas- 
ters.   And  them  always  personally  to  appear,  upon  pain  of 
forfeitures,  and  sometimes  suspension.    Notice  also  was  to 
be  then  taken  of  the  clergy's  behaviour.    All  to  be  begun 
and  ended  with  prayer.     The  whole  paper  is  worth   per- 
using, which  I  have  put- in  the  Appendix,  friendly  com- Numbers 
municated  to  me  by  the  learned  and  curious  Ralph  Tho-xxxix. 
resby  of  Leeds,  esquire. 

As  conformity  now  unto  the  orders  of  the  church  was '^'I'e  diii- 
more  Strictly  required,    and   refusal    tliereof,    or   variation  aLsaffected 
from  the  same,  more  narrowly  looked  unto ;  so  those  that  ^°  *''*; 

.  .      .  ,     ,.,.    church. 

were  disaffected  thereto  continued  very  stirring  and  dili- 
gent, as  well  in  finding  fault  therewith,  as  in  commending 
their  own  platforms,  in  books  by  them  pubhshed.  In  one  Troubles  at 
whereof,  that  came  forth  this  year,  they  thought  fit  thus  to  /'^"g**'  ' 
represent  or  bespatter  the  church,  in  respect  of  the  igno- 
rance or  inability  of  some  ministers  that  served  in  it :  "  That 
"  in  most  part  of  the  realm,  preachers  there  were  none,  nor 
VOL.  II.  I  i 


482      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  any  that  could  or  would  preach,  very  few  excepted;  sav- 
__^___"  ing  certain  wanderers.    Among  whom,  and  especially  in 
Anno  1574."  somc  shircs,  were  such  ruffianly  rakehells  and  common 
"  cozeners  permitted  and  suffered.     By  whose  preaching 
"  the  word  of  truth  was  become  odious  in  the  eyes  of  the 
"  people,  &c.     And  that  in  most  places  the  ministry  did 
"  stand  and  consist  of  old  popish  priests,  tolerated  readers, 
"  and  many  now  made  ministers :  whose  readings  were  such, 
"  that  the  people  could  not  be  edified :  especially  where  one 
*'  was  tolerated  to  serve  two  or  three  churches;  and  turning 
"  their  backs  to  the  people.''  [That  is,  I  suppose,  standing 
at  the  table  with  their  faces  eastward ;  and  so  reading  the 
office.] 
325      The  said  book,  out  of  which  this  citation  is  taken,  and 
The  trou-    which  came  forth  this  year,  must  have  a  remark  or  two. 
rSikford,  Now  it  was  thought  fit  by  the  puritan  faction,  (thinking  it 
printed.       j^  j-gj^^j  jq  j}-,gjj.  purpose,)  to  publish  some  history  of  the 
troubles  that  arose  in  the  English  congregations  of  exiles, 
fled  to  Frankford  in   Germany,  which   began  anno  1554. 
Where  some  of  them  laboured  to  have  the  English  service 
laid  aside,  and  another  form  of  divine  service  used,  more 
aa-reeable  to  that  of  the  church  of  Geneva:  which  occasioned 
at  last  a  separation.     The  blame  of  the  contention  was  en- 
deavoured to  be  laid  upon  those  that  would  not  admit  of 
any  alteration  in  the  English  book.     The  author  of  the  ac- 
count of  those  troubles  (who  seems  himself  to  have  been  then 
there)  foresaw,  that  some  would  take  offence  at  his  publish- 
ing thereof  at  this  time:  but  he,  on  the  contrary,  thought 
it  might  serve  to  a  good  purpose :  namely,^  that  the  reading 
thereof  might  mollify  the  present  proceedings  against  the 
puritans,  and  open  to  them  a  way  for  more  favour  and  li- 
berty, when  every  one  might  see,  what  occasion  of  bitter 
strife  and  unhappy  division  the  Common  Prayer  Book  and 
ceremonies  had  given  before.  Thus  writing;  "  That  against 
"  the  offence  that  somc  might  take  at  these  his  trifles,  he 
"  set  the  great  profit  that  this  might  bring  to  God's  church 
"  and  to  posterity:  who  being  taught  by  other  men's  harms, 
"  might  Jearn  to  beware,   if  they  would  be  happy.     The 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  483 

hope  whereof  had  greater  force  to  push  his  pen  forward    CHAP, 
to  the  finishing  of  the  work,  than  the  displeasure  of  some  ' 


"  could  be,  to  withdraw  him  from  the  same,  &c.  Protesting  ^nno  i574. 
"  before  God,  that  in  writing  this  discourse  he  had  respect 
"  to  God's  glory,  the  defence  of  his  sacred  truth,  and  the 
"  clearing,  as  far  as  he  might,  of  so  many  excellent,  learned 
"  persons,  on  whose  necks  these  stirs  were  laid,  as  authors 
"  of  the  same.  Yet  he  did  this  with  some  unwillingness  : 
*'  saying,  that  God  knew  how  the  keeping  of  these  things 
*'  almost  for  the  space  of  twenty  years  in  secret  did  suffice 
"  to  witness  with  him,  that  he  had  no  great  pleasure  to  utter 
"  them.  And  that  he  went  upon  his  work  after  great 
"  strivings  and  strugglings  with  himself,  till  he  could  no 
"  longer  conceal  it :"  [that  is,  because  of  the  severe  methods 
now  taken  with  men  of  the  same  principles  with  those  dis- 
senting brethren  at  Frankford.] 

It  is  remarkable,  that  this  book  was  thought  fit  by  some  The  same 
to  be  reprinted,  anno  1642,  as  tending  to  favour  the  courses  ^^,^,""*g^'2_ 
that  were  at  that  time  in  hand,  to  throw  off  the  Common 
Prayer  Book,  and  to  blacken,  as  much  as  they  could,  the 
church  and  churchmen.  As  is  hinted  by  these  words  added 
in  the  title-page  of  that  edition ;  "  In  which  discourse,  the 
"  gentle  reader  may  see  the  very  original  and  beginning  of 
"  all  the  contention  that  hath  been  there,  and  what  was  the 
"  cause  of  the  same.  And  is  humbly  dedicated  to  the  view 
"  and  consideration  of  the  honourable  and  hio-h  court  of 
"  parliament,  and  of  the  reverend  divines  of  the  intended 
"  ensuing  assembly."  But  yet  the  book  itself  must  be  ac- 
knowledged to  be  of  good  use,  for  the  accounts  given  there- 
in of  the  names  of  such  English  persons  as  were  exiles  for 
religion,  and  the  several  places  in  Germany  and  Helvetia, 
where  they  seated  themselves,  and  for  divers  original  letters, 
and  other  papers,  to  let  in  knowledge  of  their  affairs. 

It  was  a  practice  of  some  ministers  in  these  times,  espe-^"^" 
cially  such  as  were  puritans,  (to  reconcile  to  themselves  the  tend  to  cast 
greater  opinion  of  the  common  people,)  to  take  upon  them  2|1*  <ie^''s- 
to  dispossess  evil  spirits  out  of  the  bodies  of  people,  but  counterf. 
chiefly  of  boys  and  young  women.     Such  a  thing  happened  nr*!  HarL 

I  i  2  "i^r- 


484       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   this  year:  one  Miltlred,  base  daughter  of  Alice  Norrington, 
at  Westwel  in  Kent,  was  pretended  to  be  troubled  with  a 


Anno  1574.  (Jevil.  In  the  dispossessing  of  whom,  two  ministers,  viz. 
Roger  Newman  and  John  BrainfortI,  were  employed  ;  and 
were  said  to  have  effected  the  business.  But  notwithstand- 
ing all  the  specious  pretences,  it  was  confessed  in  the  end  to 
be  but  a  mere  cozenage.  And  but  two  years  before,  at 
Maidstone  in  the  same  county,  was  such  a  counterfeit  pos- 
session of  a  Dutch  fellow  of  twenty-three  years  old,  said  to 
be  possessed  with  ten  devils,  pretended  to  be  dispossessed 
by  the  mighty  providence  of  God,  Jan.  27.  And  a  book 
was  writ  to  that  purpose ;  where  it  was  styled  a  very  won- 
derful and  strange  miracle.  To  which  book,  the  mayor  of 
Maidstone,  Nicasius  Vander  Scheure,  minister  of  the  Dutch 
church  there,  and  John  Stikelbom,  the  instrument,  for- 
sooth, that  cast  out  the  said  devils,  with  divers  others,  sub- 
scribed their  names. 
A  girl  in  Yet  ouglit  we  not  to  be  altogether  obstinate  against  the 
possessed,    belief  of  all  diabolical  possessions.     For  what  shall  we  think 

The  bisiiop  q£  ^Y\c  relation  of  the  bishop  of  Norwich,  conccrnino-  two 
relates  it  to  .  .  .      ^  '  ^ 

Buiiinger.    possessed  in  that  city,  this  very  year;  and  who  thought  fit 

to  write  it  unto  Buiiinger  in  Switzerland :  That  a  Dutch 
girl,  about  seventeen  or  eighteen  years  of  age,  a  servant  to 
a  preacher  of  that  church,  was  for  a  whole  year  miserably 
vexed  by  Satan.  Which  maid,  in  all  her  temptations  and 
dilacerations,  [torments,]  remained  firm  in  the  faitli,  and 
did  very  valiantly  resist  the  adversary.  That  at  last,  by 
God''s  help,  the  Devil,  being  overcome,  left  her.  And,  as  it 
were,  the  same  moment,  invaded  the  son  of  a  certain  sena- 
tor ;  whom,  for  some  weeks  together,  he  did  vex  incredibly. 
And  that  by  his  [the  bishop's]  command,  public  prayers 
were  made  in  the  city,  with  fasting,  till  even.  The  Lord 
had  mercy  also  upon  the  boy,  and  overcame  the  enemy. 
The  boy  was  thirteen  or  fourteen,  and  well  versed  in  the 
scriptures,  according  to  his  years.  And  being  firm  in  faith, 
made  use  of  the  same  scriptures  against  the  enemy.  And 
then  the  said  bishop  concludes  with  these  words:  Vivit  Domi- 
niis,  per  qucm  pueri  ei  ptielloc,  imhecillis  alioqui  natnrfe. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  485 

tantum  et  tarn  immanem  adversarium  vincere possunt.   Deo    CHAP. 
sit  laus.  XXXI. 


Innovation  in  the  divine  service  was  suddenly  brought  Anno  1574. 
into  the  cathedral  church  in  Norwich,  at  evening-  service,  in  ^""o^'^t'O". 

.  o  '        and  a  new 

one  of  the  Christmas  holydays,  by  Limbert,  Chapman,  and  order  of  ser- 
Roberts,  three  of  this  church.     These,  in  the  time  of  read- ^ii"^;"*'^",^^- 
ing  the  lessons,  had  inveighed  against  the  manner  of  the  cathedral  of 
singing  there,  and  termed  it  disordered ;  and  wished  it  ut- 
terly thence  to  be  banished.     And  one  of  these  starting  up 
at  that  time,  took  upon  him  to  use  another,  and  a  new  form 
of  service,  contrary  to  that  ordered  by  her  majesty  and  the 
book.     When  Dr.  Gardiner,  the  dean,  stood  up,  and  con- 
futed the  reasons  the  others  had  brought;  and  put  some  re- 
medy for  the  future  against  such  attempts,  by  causing  this 
last  to  be  committed  to  prison.    Yet  some  reflection  the  dean 
now  made  upon  the  bishop. 

The  bishop,  who  was  now  at  Ludham,  soon  understood  3 2^ 
all  this,  and  declared  himself  very  much  displeased  at  these 
surprising  innovations;  approving  also  what  was  done  for 
the  punishments  of  these  men,  in  order  to  the  restraining  of 
such  practices  hereafter  ;   signifying  his  mind  thus  to  the 
dean :    "  How  those  ministers  had  done  very  indiscreetly.  The  bishop 
*'  and  that  which  was  contrary  to  her  majesty's  godly  pro-^j^^^*^  ^'^^^ 
"  ceedings;  and  how  he  liked,  that  he,    [the  dean,]   as  hei"tepist.D. 
"  heard,  had  very  pithily  confuted  certain  of  their  reasons ;  gpiscNorv. 
"  and  that  he  had  otherwise  taken  order  with  those  men, 
"  for  preventing  their  attempting  the  like.     And  that  if  he 
"  thought  he  of  himself  could  not  bring  it  to  pass  with 
"  effect,  if  he  advertised  him  [the  bishop]  thereof,  he  should 
"  have    (he  added)  his  best  aid  and  advice,  both  against 
"  those,  or  any  other  enterprising  the  like.     But  whereas 
"  the  dean  had  then  in  open  speech  touched  him  [the  bi- 
"  shop]  and  his  officers,  that  admitted  such  as  they  were, 
"  this  the  bishop  shortly  shewed  him  that  he  misliked,  since 
"  that  he  [the  dean]  knew  he  had  not  been  made  privy  to  it ; 
"  but  tliat  they  were,  in  that  reading,  appointed  by  himself, 
"  [the  dean,]  as  he  thought.     The  bishop  subjoined,  that 
"  he  liked  well  of  committing  to  prison  that  one  busy  fel- 

ii3 


486        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

HOOK    "  low,  that  startin<r  up,  had  appointed  another  order  of  ser- 

*•         "  vice  than  was  allowed,  and  was  therefore  worthily  com- 

Aiin()i574. "  mitted,  both  for  example  to  others,  and  for  avoiding  of 

"  further  inconvenience  that  might  have  happened.    And  so 

"  praying  for  the  peace  and  godly  quietness  of  the  church 

"  of  God,  with  hearty  commendations  to  himself,  he  took 

"  his  leave  of  him."     Dated  January  3,  1574. 

Aud  to  his        j„  g^  letter  of  the  same  date,  he  wrote  to  his  chancellor, 

chancellor.  ,  . 

"  That  he  wished  these  men  had  not  attempted  thus  agamst 
"  the  practice  of  this  church,  allowed  by  the  prince's  con- 
"  sent  and  authority,  both  there  and  in  all  other  cadicdral 
"  churches  that  he  could  hear  of.  And  misliking,  for  his 
"  own  part,  those  sudden  innovations  against  authority,  he 
"  would  do  his  endeavour  to  reform  such  persons.  And 
"  that  in  committing  that  person  who  took  upon  him  a  new 
"  order  of  service,  contrary  to  her  majesty's  order  and  book, 
"  and  to  be  an  example  to  others,  surely  you  have  done  her 
"  majesty  (said  he)  good  service.  And  that  if  at  any  time 
"  the  like  troubles  should  arise,  he  prayed  him  to  proceed 
"  in  the  reformation  thereof  in  any  of  his  clergy  ;  wherein 
"  he  [the  bishop]  would  assist  him,  if  need  should  require; 
"  and  think  himself  also  much  bound  unto  him."  And  in 
answer  to  his  chancellor's  letter,  which  now  the  same  day 
(it  seems)  came  to  hand,  "  he  thanked  him  for  it,  thougn 
"  the  matter  was  not  pleasant ;  desiring  him  to  be  helpful, 
"  to  the  uttermost  of  his  power,  to  withstand  and  avoid  these 
"  innovations :  which,  for  my  part,  said  he,  I  do  in  no  case 
"  like  of.  And  fearing  lest  these  doings  might  grow  to 
"  greater  inconvenicncies,  he  thought  good  to  advertise  him 
"  of  his  meanins:  and  disliking;;  as  before  he  had  written."" 
All  Ariari  And  in  the  very  next  diocese,  that  of  Ely,  there  were 
bri(it;cshire.  somc  hei'esics  and  dangerous  opinions  sprung  up  already, 
(oiifutat.  and  maintained.  One  Wilkinson,  of  that  diocese,  (who 
of  certain    ^yj-^^jg  ^  book  affainst  the  family  of  love.)  mentioned  one 

articles  ny  o  i/  t7     .y      ^        '/ 

wii.  wii-    in  Cambridgeshire,  that  was  a  flat  Arian  ;  and  that  under 

'"*'        '  his  own  hand,  and  before  some  men  of  worship,  anno  1574, 

March  24,  in  Cambridge,  he  denied  Christ  to  be  God  equal 

with  Ills  Father.     Moreover,  that  he  asserted  children  were 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  487 

not  by  nature  sinful,  neither  ought  to  be  baptized,  till  years    CHAP, 
of  discretion.     And  further  affirmed,  that  the  regenerate  _______ 

sin  not:  and  that  PauPs  epistles  were  not  to  be  more  ac- Anno  1574. 
counted  of  than  the  letters  of  private  men.     This  man  once 
recanted  his  errors ;  but  since  fell  into  the  same  again.    His 
name  was  W.  H.  of  B.  i.  e.  Balsham,  I  suppose. 

At  this  man''s  house  lodged  sometimes  Vitells,  a  Dutch- 
man, the  great  spreader  of  the  sect  of  xhejamily  of  love  in 
these  parts :  and  he  used  to  confer  with  him,  and  those  of 
that  family,  concerning  their  opinions. 

This  Arian  would  seem,  in  the  company  of  simple  men,  to 
be  very  learned.  But  they  that  had  talked  with  him  affirm- 
ed, that  he  had  many  words,  but  small  wisdom,  and  was  but 
small  in  wit,  and  might  have  been  better  occupied  to  learn 
the  first  principles  of  God's  fear,  and  to  get  himself  in- 
structed, before  he  taught  that  to  others,  that  he  had  no 
skill  of.  Here  in  Cambridgeshire  also  did  that  sect  very 
much  increase,  and  united  themselves  into  a  kind  of  church, 
with  officers.  And  the  chief  elders  of  the  lovely  fraternity.  The  sect  of 
some  of  them  were  weavers,  some  basket-makers,  some  musi-  spreadh'ere. 
cians,  some  bottle-makers,  and  such  other  like;  which  by 
travelling  from  place  to  place  did  get  their  livings.  They 
which  among  them  bore  the  greatest  countenance  were 
such  as,  having  by  their  smooth  behaviour  and  glozing  talk 
deceived  some  justices  of  peace,  and  other  worshipful  of  the 
country  where  they  dwelt,  had  gotten  licences  to  trade  for 
corn  up  and  down  the  country ;  and  using  such  a  running- 
kind  of  traffick,  kept  not  commonly  any  one  certain  abiding 
place ;  but  running  and  Trisking  from  place  to  place,  stayed 
not  for  the  most  part  any  where  long,  save  where  they  light 
upon  some  simple  husbandman,  whose  wealth  was  greater 
than  his  wit.  His  house,  if  it  were  far  from  company,  and 
stood  out  of  the  common  walk,  was  a  fit  nest,  wherein  all 
the  birds  of  that  feather  used  to  meet  together.  This  ac- 
count we  have  of  one  that  lived  in  those  times  and  in  those 
parts,  and  made  his  observations  of  them.  And  from  whom 
we  shall  have  a  fuller  account  of  them  and  their  doctrines 
under  the  year  1579- 

I  i  4 


488       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I.  CHAP.  XXXII. 


Anno  1574.  j/^„^  papists  sct  at  liberty  upon  sureties.  Dr.  Ymg  moves 
"  the  lord  treasurer  to  go  out  of  the  Marshalsea  for  his 
health.  Sartipson  writes  a  smart  letter  to  the  treasurer 
cm  this  occasion.  Pensioners  of  the  king  of  Spain^  the 
queeii's  subjects ;  and  their  particular  pensions.  Practice 
to  poison  the  lord  treasurer.  Mass  said  in  London  in 
divers  places.  A  token  sent  from  the  Scottish  queen  to 
queen  Elizabeth.  Her  majesty  melancholy.  Her  pro- 
gress. The  queen  checks  the  young  earl  of  Oxford :  re- 
sented by  him.  The  bishop  of  Ely'' s  revenues  aimed  at. 
Slandered.  He  refuseth  to  lend  his  house  at  Holborn. 
Sto?-y,  bishop  of  Hereford,  sues  to  the  lord  treasurer  in 
behalf  of  some  of  his  clergij  ;  vexed  by  pretence  of  the 
statute  of  suppression  of  colleges.  The  trouble  the  tozcn 
of  Wells  gave  the  bishop  thereof.  The  death  of  Park- 
hurst,  bislwp  of  Norzvich.     His  character. 

Fecken-       W  E  comc  HOW  to  look  upoii  tliose  dangerous  enemies, 

other^lHestsboth  of  the  cliurch  and  kingdom,  the  papists. 

set  at  li-  The  state  was  so  unwiUing  to  inflict  tlie  rigour  of  the  laws 

'^^^'  against  them,  (so  1  will  say,  rather  than  indeed  favourable 
to  them,)  that  it  set  at  liberty  this  year  divers  of  them,  as 
yet  detained  in  prison.  The  like  whereof  was  done  at  di- 
vers other  times  afterwards;  as  particularly  in  the  year  158S, 
by  the  clemency  of  the  queen  and  council,  seventy  papists 
were  dismissed,  and  sent  beyond  sea;  some  whereof  had 
been  condemned  to  die.  This  year,  1574,  Feckenham, 
Watson,  and  divers  others  in  the  Tower,  or  some  other 
j)risons,  had  their  liberty;  but  under  some  bonds  of  appear- 
ance, and  to  keep  within  certain  bounds  allotted  them. 

Popish  The  papists  that  were  imprisoned  in  the  north,  upon  this 

priests  III 

the  north    indulgence,  cxpectcd  also  their  liberty;   and  petitioned  ac- 
exp.it  the   ^.^ji-dino-lv  to  the  council  in  the  north,  and  namely  to  the 

like  hberly.  f^  J  ... 

lord  president,  and  the  archbishop  of  York,  requiring  it  as 
it  were  of  right.  But  it  was  not  thought  convenient  by  the 
said  president  and  archbishop,  that  the  example  should  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  489 

followed  in  those  parts.     "  For  if  such  a  general  jubilee    CHAP. 
"  should  be  put  in  use  there,  (as  the  archbishop  of  York    ^^^"- 
"  writ  in   a  letter   to  the  lord  treasurer,)  a  great  relapse  Anno  1.574. 
"  would  soon  follow  after  in  those  parts."     And  he  prayed 
their  lordships  of  the  council  to  consider  of  it,  if  any  such 
suits  should  be  made.     I  find  Dr.  John  Yong  (who  was,  I  Dr.  Yong. 
think,  formerly  of  St.  John's  college  in  Cambridge,  and  a 
great   antagonist  to  Martin  Bucer)   this  year  desiring  his 
liberty  for  some  time,  upon  sureties,  to  go  out  of  prison  to 
recover  his  health,  in  a  letter  to  the  lord  treasurer,  from  the 
Marshalsea,  dated  in  June,  being  then,  as  he  wrote,  sixty  330 
years  of  age.    The  letter  being  but  short,  from  so  memora- 
ble a  man  of  that  party,  I  will  set  down. 

"  Miraris  fortasse,  inclytissime  vir,  quid  sit,  quod  me  mi-Dr.Yonge's 
"  sellum  moveat,  has  tandem  ad  tuam  dignitatem,  maximis {■  "ert/^ 
"  et  gravissimis  ncgotiis  occupatam,  supplices  literas  scri- 
"  here :  profecto,  ut  uno  verbo  expediam,  non  aliud  quam  be- 
"  nignitatis  tux  et  clementiae  fiducia,  ac  mearum  miseriarum 
"  atque  infirmitatum  incrudescens  saepius  acerbitas,  &c.  Hoc 
"  a  praestantia  tua,  si  modo  digneris  placabiliter  hominem 
"  tenuem  audire,  obnixe  peto  et  rogo,  ut  per  tuam  authori- 
"  tatem  potestas  mihi  fiat,  ad  tempus  aliquod  exeundi  e  car- 
"  cere,  ut  medicos  ob  corporis  valetudinem  consulere,  et 
"  quae  ad  salutem  sunt,  exercere  valeam.  De  mea  pacifica 
"  ac  tranquilla  interea  temporis,  moderatione  ac  vivendi  or- 
"  dine,  atque  de  reditu  in  carcerem  tempore  t^onstituto  ac 
"  prjefinito,  fidejussores  idoneos  interponam,  &c.  Kalend. 
"  Junii. 

"  Tuae  sublimitatis  in  precibus  non  immemor, 

"  Johannes  Yonge,  jam  sexagenarius." 

This  favour  he  requested  was  promised,  but,  it  seems,  not 
performed.  Therefore  the  next  year  he  solicits  the  same 
noble  person  to  permit  him  the  next  summer  to  go  to  the 
Bath,  according  to  the  advice  of  his  physicians ;  addressing 
himself  thus  to  him  : 

"  Iterum  cogor,  illustrissime  vir,  et  mihi  tuo  merito  sem- 
"  per   observantissime  domine,  tuam    pietatem   implorare. 


490       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  &c.     Sicut  priora  tua  in  me  collata  beneficia  nunquam  ex 

I; «  animo  meo  excidere  possunt,  (pro  quibus  id  unum  quod 

Anno  1574."  possum,  pi'o  te  scilicet,  et  tua  selecta  conjuge  ac  sobole, 
"  Deo  supplices  preees  reddo,)  ita  nunc  supplex  ad  tuam 
"  sinoularem  clementiam  confugio,  &c.  Digneris  concedere 
"  mihi  hoc  verno  ac  aestivo  tempore  facultatem  balneas  vi- 
"  sendi.  Id  superior!  anno  promissum,  sed  non  praestitum : 
"  et  tunc  et  nunc  per  medicos  valetudinis  causa  consultum. 
"  Quod  sive  concesserit  tua  illustris  magnificentia,  sive  non 
"  concesserit,  tuae  prudentifie  ac  pietati  committens,  (cui  me 
"  devinctum  agnosco,)  perpetuo  apud  Deum  pro  te  tuisque 
"  deprecator  ero,  &c.  E  sede  Mareschallica,  1575,  decimo 
"  Martii.  Tibi  deditissimus,  siquid  esset  in  quo  tuo  honori 
"  servire,  aut  gratificari  possit. 

"  Johannes  Yonge." 

This  liberty  But  the  Setting  these  men  at  liberty  gave  great  disgust  to 
^T!\ltsdh  i^i^"!'  ^^  being  judged  a  matter  of  very  dangerous  conse- 
liked.  quence ;    their  very  principles    leading  them  into  practice 

against  religion  and  the  queen's  life.     And  it  was  reported 
commonly,  that  the  lord  treasurer's  gentleness  had  been  the 
cause  of  this  counsel.     Hence  Dr.  Sampson,  (of  whom  be- 
fore,) from  Leicester,  sends  him  his  mind  and  thoughts  of 
this,  in  a  plain  letter  wrote  in  December.     First,  excusing 
331  himself  in  writing  to  him  upon  a  report.     And  then,  sup- 
posing the  report  true,  expostulating  with  him  concerning 
this  clemency,  after  this  manner  : 
Sampson's       "  That  if  he  could  drive  that  rumour  that  came  on  him 
tileriofto    "  [t^^^  ^^^^  treasurer]  to  such  a  certain  head,  as  St.  Paul 
the  lord       "  did  that  of  the  Corinthians,  that  he  [Sampson]  might  say, 
treasurer.     ^^  Sigirificatuni  cst  mihi  afamiUarihus  Chloce,  then  would 
"  he  write  more  determinately  than  he  did.     But  since  he 
"  could  not  do  so,  and  yet  that  lie  still  heard  the  rumour,  he 
"  thought  it  much  better  to  write  to  him  what  he  did  hear 
"  of  him,  than  either  to  keep  silence  in  hearing  the  rumour, 
"  or  to  report  it  himself  to  others."    And  then  lie  proceeded 
to  tell  him,  "  That  it  was  reported  of  him,  that  his  lordship 
'*  had  been  the  means  of  the  late  delivery  of  the  imprisoned 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  491 

papists.    And  that  he  did  purge  himself  to  them  of  the    CHAP, 
cause  of  their  imprisonment.  ^^^^' 


"  That  touching  the  first,  he  was  not,  he  said,  so  full  of  Anno  1574. 
hatred,  that  he  did  envy  their  liberty.  And  that  he  was 
so  far  from  envying  their  good,  that  he  wished  to  them 
that  liberty,  of  which  he  feared  they  did  make  but  small 
account.  The  same,  he  meant,  of  which  Christ  Jesus 
spake,  Joann.  viii.  Si  JiUus  vos  liheros  reddiderit,  vere  li- 
beri  eritis.  And  again,  to  his  disciples.  Si  vos  vianseritis 
in  sermone  meo,  vere  discipult  mei  estis,  ef  cognoscetis 
veritatem,  et  Veritas  liheros  reddet  v))s.  That  he  was  not 
so  envious,  but  that  he  wished  them  this  liberty.  He 
would  they  were  so  well  learned,  that  they  would  become 
the  disciples  of  Christ.  So  should  they  taste  of  this  happy 
liberty.  And  if,  by  getting  unto  them  bodily  liberty,  he 
[the  lord  treasurer]  could  procure  them  this  also,  he 
should  do  a  deed  of  godly  charity.  But  that  to  attain 
this,  they  must  become  learners,  hearers,  and  believers  of 
Chrisfs  word  preached.  So  long  as  they  were  imprisoned, 
they  would  say,  they  could  not  come  to  hear  the  sermons : 
but  now  that  they  were  at  liberty,  and  might  hear,  they 
should  by  authority  be  compelled  to  hear.  Faith,  he 
added,  comes  not  by  compulsion,  but  Jides  ex  auditn. 
And  Augustin  praised  this  in  the  rulers  of  his  time,  that 
they  did  by  authority  compel  the  Donatists  to  come  to  the 
congregations  of  the  Christians,  to  hear  the  sermon.  On 
which  hearing,  in  some  of  them  followed  faith  ;  and  the 
fruitful  conversion  from  heresy  to  truth  was  wrought  in 
some  of  them." 

He  added  further,  "  That  he  did  not  require  the  enforc- 
ing of  them  at  the  first  to  receive  the  holy  sacrament,  but 
to  hear  the  word  preached.  For  it  was  the  seed  which  is 
cast  into  all  sorts  of  grounds,  and  that  which,  being  rightly 
received,  would  frame  them  to  be  meet  receivers  of  the 
holy  sacrament.  That  haply  by  hearing,  God  would 
catch  some  of  them  to  life.  Wherefore,  as  they  had  li- 
berty, so  he  advised  to  let  them  have  their  liberty  recom- 
mended to  them,  with  charge  and  condition,  that  they  do 


492       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  resort  to  sermons,  and  to  have  conference  with   godly, 
"  learned  men :   that  all  means  might  be  used  for  their  con- 


Anno  1574."  version,  as  Christian  charity  required:  else  their  liberty 
"  would  serve  to  confirm  themselves  and  others  in  popish 
"  obstinacy,  and  to  turn  yet  more  from  hearing,  and  coming 
"  to  the  congregation  of  Christ.  That  they  shall  wander 
"  and  rove  about  as  the  pope''s  reconcilers,  to  the  great  hurt 
332  "  of  many,  and  hinder  the  course  of  Christ's  gospel."  And 
then  he  asketh,  "  Who  shall  be  guilty  of  this  fact  before  the 
*'  Lord .''  Even  with  them,  you,  by  whose  means  they  are 
"  helped  to  this  hurtful  liberty." 

And  then  he  comes  to  write  to  the  said  lord,  "  touching 
"  the  rest  of  the  report ;  that  if  he  received  them  as  men  to 
"  be  pitied  and  helped  by  him,  for  the  cavise  of  their  im- 
"  prisonment,  and  therefore  worthy  of  his  favour  and 
"  friendship,  view  well,  said  he,  what  you  do.  You  do 
"  justify  their  wicked  cause.  You  cannot  be  friendly  to 
"  them,  but  you  must  become  a  friend  to  popery.  In 
"  which  doing,  what  is  it  that  you  can  promise  yourself?  Is 
"  it  heaven  .'*  Is  it  God's  favour  ?  Nay,  truly :  for  they  are  all 
"  tlie  enemies  of  God ;  enemies  to  his  truth  and  gospel.  For 
"  the  matter  in  controversy  between  us,  which  profess  the 
"  gospel,  and  them,  resteth  not,  as  some  have  thought,  only 
"  in  certain  ceremonies,  but  in  points  of  doctrine,  faith,  and 
"  salvation.  To  the  truth  of  these  points  they  are  enemies. 
*'  Against  them  they  do  hold  heresy,  and  speak  blasphemy. 
"  To  be  the  lover  of  this,  and  friend,  favoiu-er,  and  helper 
"  of  it,  is  to  go  headlong  to  hell,  wliereinto  they  do  lead. 
"  As  it  is  said  of  their  like  and  forefathers.  Matt,  xxiii.  Fa- 
"  dunt  Jilios  gchcnnae..  At  their  hands,  therefore,  (as  he 
"  went  on,)  you  cannot  look  to  be  helped  to  heaven.  What 
"  is  it  then  that  you  may  hope  for  of  them  "^  the  upholding 
"  of  your  worldly  honour .?  This  thing  extended,  hath  so 
"  many  pinching  points  in  it,  that  I  may  of  purpose  pass  it 
"  over :  two  things  only  I  will  shortly  say,  it  is  a  concluded 
"  a^loofLCi  among  papists,  confirmed  by  practice,  and  shewed 
"  to  be  an  article  of  their  unchangeable  faith,  Fides  non  est 
"  servanda  hcereticis.     Cant  and  recant ;  do  what  you  will, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  493 

when  they  by  flattering  have  allured  you,  and  you  by  be-   CHAP, 
lieving  of  them  are  seduced,  you  shall  drink  of  that  cup    ^^^^'• 


that  Northumberland  did,  Jubente  Maria;    and  as  all  Anno  1574. 

other  noblemen  seduced  by  popish  flattery  have  drunk, 

both  in  France  and  Flanders,  as  you  do  know.     Trust  to 

it,  they  will  never  state  any  sure  contract  with  you,  but 

in  your  own  blood.     And  so  they  will  make  of  you  and 

other  English,  examples  to  the  world  of  their  faithless 

fidelity,  if  they  catch  but  you. 

"  My  second  thing  is,  consider,  my  lord,  what  you  are, 

and  how  God  hath  dealt  with  you.     You  know  how  you 

did  fall  in  queen  Mary''s  days  :  you  know  what  you  sought 

then,  and  how  God,  which  knoweth  all  your  doings  much 

better  than   yourself  doth,  did  contrary  your  purposes 

and  desires.     For  you  offended  him ;  you  did  not  serve 

him  well.     If  you  have  repented  that  rightly,  God  hath 

forgiven  you  truly.    And  in  professing  of  the  gospel,  God 

hath  so  advanced  you,  that  I  think  you  could  never  hope 

for  more  than  he  hath  given  you  in  the  world.    And  ought 

this  now  to  be  the  recompence  which  you  make  to  God 

for  his  goodness,  thus  to  strike  hands  with  the  enemies, 

and  in  them,  quasi  helium  Deo  indicere^  to  hinder  the 

gospel,  to  hurt  and  wound  the  church,  his  children,  to 

pleasure  his  enemies  ?   Ought  it,  my  lord,  ought  it  to  be 

so.^    It  ought  not  truly.     I  trust  it  be  not  so  evil  with 

you,  as  one  doubting,  notwithstanding  the  report  I  write. 

But  if  it  be  so,  or  hereafter  shall  be  so,  know  you,  that 

God  will  not  leave  it  unrevenged  in  you.    Only  he  is  bea- 

tus,  qui  perseveraverit  in  jinem.    Which  in  God   I  do  333 

heartily  wish  to  you. 

"  Good  my  lord,   do  not  say,  as  one  great   man   said, 

Isa.  X.  Manus  mihi  Jecit  mihi  hcec  ovinia:   but  confess 

God  and  his  goodness,  and  give  to  him  due  glory.     Be 

zealous  in  and  for  the  Lord.    And  as  I  did  once  write  to 

you,  be  now  as  Eliachim  was  in  the  reign  of  Ezechias,  and 

you  shall  find  at  the  hand  of  God  as  he  did,  Isai.  xxii. 

For  God's  sake  put  your  policy  to  school  to  God,     Say 

not  of  yourself  as  he  did,  Esa.  x.  /  am  zvise ;  but  consnle 


494      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  Dominum^  and  do  nodiing  hiconsulto  Domino.    Then  the 
^-        "  promise  is  made  to  Jehosuah,  Prudenter  ages  in  omnibus 


Anno  1574."  ucl  qiicB  pcj-gTs.  Whatsoever  In  old  time  hath  past,  the 
"  Lord  Jesus  teach  you,  and  work  in  you  that  which  St. 
"  Paul  writeth,  Eph.  iv.  Deponere  juxta  priorem  conversa- 
"  tioncm  veterem  hominem,  qui  corrumpihtr  jtiocta  concu- 
"  piscentias.,  4*c.  Renovari  vero  spiritu  mentis ;  et  induere 
"  7iovum  hominem,  qui  juxta  Deum  conditus  est,  per  Justi- 
*'  tiam  et  sanctitaterfi  veritatis.  This  is  to  be  in  Christ,  a 
"  sound  Christian ;  2  Cor.  v.  Si  quis  est  in  Christo  nova 
"  creatura  est.  In  him  I  do  wish  you  a  good  new  year.  If  I 
"  did  not  find  myself  hound  in  conscience  to  wish  your  good, 
"  I  would  not  thus  write.  Ego  animam  meavi  lihero  to- 
"  wards  you.  The  rudeness  of  my  evil  writing,  your  lord- 
"  ship  will  impute  to  my  lameness.  Your  lordship's  at  com- 
"  mand.  Lame  Tho.  Sampson.^'  Dated  from  Leicester,  31st 
December,  1574. 
Pensioners  Thus  disliked  by  the  queen's  protestant  subjects  were  the 
Thefr""  favours  shewn  to  papists  and  popish  priests,  and  those  of 
names  and  the  court  blamed  that  moved  the  same.  Further  jealousies 
arose  in  the  minds  of  the  good  people  of  the  land,  of  the 
safety  of  the  church  and  nation  at  this  time,  in  respect  of 
those  numbers  of  pensioners  then  in  Spain,  the  queen's  sub- 
jects; harboured  there  and  in  Flanders,  and  encouraged  to 
take  pensions,  to  become  traitors,  and  to  do  mischief  both  to 
the  queen,  and  the  religion  and  good  estate  of  their  coun- 
try. Tlie  following  list  will  shew  this,  giving  an  account  of 
the  names  of  the  pensioners,  (many  whereof  had  been  in  the 
rebellion  in  the  north,)  and  their  several  pensions,  "^l^he 
authentickness  whereof  will  appear,  in  that  the  paper  thereof 
is  endorsed  thus  by  the  lord  Biu'ghlcv's  own  hand  ;  Pension- 
ers ill  Spain,  Sept.  — ,  1574.  ScntJ'rom  sir  Francis  Engle- 
Jield  to  the  duke  of  Fcria.  The  figures  set  to  each  name,  I 
suppose,  are  ducats. 

Persons  provided  for  here. 


Countess  of  Northumber- 
land      200 

Earl  of  Westmoreland     200 


Lord  Dacre 200 

Lady  Hungerford     -  _  100 
Sir  Francis  Ensrlefield  -     84 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH. 


495 


Mr.  Christopher  Nevyl  60 

Sir  John  Nevyl 60 

Mr.  Dr.  Parker 50 

Mr.  Richard 'Norton    -  56 

Mr.  Copley 60 

Mr.  Markenfeld 36 

Mr.  Tempest 40 

Mr.  Buhner 30 

Mr.  Danby 30 

Mr.  Francis  Norton  -  -  36 

Mr.  Thwing 30 

Mr.  Chamberlain 60 

Mr.  Lygons 40 

Mr.  Standen 50 

Mr.  Mocket -  30 


Mr.  Hugh  Owen 40    char 

Mr.  Nol worth 40    ^^^"- 

Mr.  George  Tyrrel   -  -     30  Anno  1574. 

Mr.  Jenney 30334 

Mr.  Tichburn 30 

Mr.  George  Smith     -  -     30 

Mr.  Bath 30 

Mr.  Robert  Owen 30 

A^ot  yet  granted. 

Mr.  Powel,  priest 16 

Mrs.  Story,  widow  -  -  \Qdi. 

Mr.  Olyver 8 

Tho.  Kmred 16  di. 

Mr.  James  Hamiltown  -     80 
Mr.  John  Hamiltown  -     60 


Mr.  George  Moor. 
Williams. 


Persons  gone  towards  Spam.,  to  serve  for  pensions. 
My  lord  Edward  Seymor.  Mr.  Blackstone. 

Mr.  Southwel.  Mr.  Prideaux. 

Mr.  Carew. 
Mr.  Harecourt. 
Mr.  Francis  Moor.  John  Story. 

There  is  another  more  particular  account  of  such  English  Littieston's 
gentlemen  as  came  into  Spain  for  entertainment  at  Madrid,  '"teJiigence 
and  then-  gitts  and  pensions,  made  by  one  Littleston,  (perhaps  tiemen  in 
a  spy  in  Spain,)  and  given  in  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burgh-  '^P^'"' 
ley  this  year.     The  paper  is  superscribed  by  the  same,  To 
the  right  honourable.,  Ms  singular  good  h7-d,  the  lord  high 
treasuj-er  of  England.    And  that  it  is  authentic,  it  was  thus 
endorsed  by  the  said  treasurer's  own  hand,  Littleston'' s  de- 
claration, November  1574,  of  certain  English  gentlemen 
that  have  entertainment  of  the  ling  of  Spain.    This  paper 
contains  some  other  pensions  besides  those  above  named.    It 
deserves  a  place  in  the  Appendix  :  where  it  appears,  that  thexo.xL. 
whole  sum  of  the  pensions  granted  to  the  queen's  rebels  in 
Flanders,  by  the  king  of  Spain  yearly,  amounted  to  two 
hundred  thirty-one  thousand  ducats. 


496       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

IJOOK        And  how  busy  the  papists  now  were,  appeared  by  a  par- 
ticular practice  of  theirs  this  year;  which  was,  to  poison  the 


Auno  1574.  queen's  great  and  able  statesman,  viz.  the  lord  treasurer; 
hi  itaw'to  namely,  to  do  it  by  a  letter  to  be  sent  to  him.     There  was 
poison  the  one  in  Italy  that  would  do  it  for  6000  crowns.     One  at  Ant- 
surer.  MSS.  werp  took  it  in  hand.     And  the  Italian  w-as  to  come  thither 
Bnrghiey.    ^^  teach  him  to  do  it ;  and  was  therefore  to  have  a  suitable- 
reward,  yet  with  some  abatement  of  the  former  sum.     A 
private  letter  to  this  purport  came,  by  God's  good  provi- 
dence, into  the  hand  of  an  English  merchant  abroad,  who 
discovered  it  secretly  to  some  person  of  honour,  (perhaps 
secretary  Walsingham,)  and  so  it  came  to  the  knowledge  of 
that  lord.     And  likewise  a  second  letter,  thus  endorsed  by 
the  hand  of  the  lord  treasurer  himself,  7dt.  Novembris  1574. 
A  copy  of  a  letter,  Jbundin  BridgeSy  [Bruges,  in  Flanders,] 
by  one  Allyn,  a  vierchmit,  [written  to  some  honourable  per- 
son,]  concerning  a  practice  to  poison  the  lord  Burgldcy. 
The  letter  follows  : 

"  Whereas  I  wrote  to  your  honour  of  a  practice  in  Italy 
"  against  my  lord  treasurer  for  6000  crowns ;  the  matter 
"  came  in  question,  when  sir  F.  [probably  sir  Francis  Engle- 
"  field]  came  to  Brussels :  and  the  conclusion  was,  that  for 
"  5000  crowns  one  would  have  taken  in  hand  to  have  poi- 
"  soned  him  with  a  letter.  Or  else,  if  any  would  take  upon 
"  him  to  put  it  in  execution,  he  wovild  come  to  Antwerp,  and 
335  "  teach  it  to  him  that  would  take  it  in  hand  for  3000  crowns. 
"  And  if  the  party  that  should  do  it  would  come  into  Italy, 
"  where  he  is,  he  would  teach  him  for  2000  crowns.  And 
"  he  should  have  proof  of  it  by  a  dog,  which  he  should  have 
"  in  his  own  keeping :  whereby  he  should  not  be  deceived. 

"  This  news  being  brought,  it  was  considered,  that  the 
"  best  way,  for  that  the  thing  was  great,  was  to  get  one  to 
"  learn  it,  and  to  put  it  in  execution ;  and  the  matter  was 
"  proffered  to  me,  for  that  it  was  thought  I  had  a  great 
"  quarrel  to  my  lord,  for  that  he  was  my  heavy  lord  in  the 
"  time  of  my  wrongful  troubles.  Howbeit,  the  matter  was 
"  never  broken  to  me  for  that  end  :  the  cause,  for  that  thev 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  497 

"  would  first  provide  the  money;  and  depending  chiefly    CHAP. 
"  upon  sir  F.     So  when  two  came,  wliose  names  I  cannot    "^^^"' 
"  decipher,  that  earnestly  required  his  aid,  with  his  counsel  Anno  1574. 
"  and  money  towards  a  good  deed,"  &c. 

Mass  was  usually  said  in  many  places  in  London.     And  Persons 
(some  information  being  given  of  this)  a  privy  search  was  ^''^^"  ^^ 

-  1-1  y        r        J  mass  in  se- 

appomted  to  be  made  at  the  same  time,  being  Palm-Sunday,  verai places. 
the  4th  of  April :  when  were  apprehended  divers  persons  in 
the  lady  Morley's  chamber,  by  Algate ;  namely,  the  lady 
Morley,  sir  Edward  Stanley,  knt.  the  lady  Jarman,  Dolman 
the  Jesuit,  and  divers  others,  both  men  and  women,  to  the 
number  of  twenty-three.  At  the  lady  Guilford's,  in  Trinity- 
lane,  beside  Queenhithe,  were  likewise  taken  at  mass,  the 
same  time,  the  said  lady,  and  her  daughter  and  her  son, 
Olyver  Heywode,  priest,  and  a  gentlewoman  to  the  countess 
of  Darby,  and  others,  to  the  number  of  eleven.  Also  at 
Mr.  Carus  his  house,  beside  Lymehouse,  near  London,  were 
found  the  same  day,  by  Mr.  Recorder  of  the  city  of  London, 
(not  at  mass,  but  all  things  prepared  for  the  saying  of  mass,) 

Tho.  Carus,  esq.  and  his  wife, Thornborow,  esq.  and 

the  lady  Browne,  and  others. 

A  further  account  of  the  seizing  these  persons  at  mass  in  Further  in- 
London,  we  have  in  a  letter  written  four  days  after  from  *^"/!"*/'"n 

I?  T\      r^       f  from 

court,  trom  Dr.  Gardmer,  dean  of  Norwich,  to  the  bishop  court. 
there.    Therein  also  shewing,  from  some  of  the  priests'  own  d.  p.^Park- 
confessions,  that  there  were  five  hundred  masses  said  on  i'^''^^-  ^P- 
that  day  in  England ;  and  then  advising  the  bishop  to  look 
to  his  own  diocese,  where  not  a  few  priests  and  professed 
papists  were  connived  at,  he  feared,  even  by  some  of  his  own 
officers.     He  shewed  the  apprehensions  justly  arising  from 
these  numerous  popish  adversaries,  to  the  queen  and  state ; 
and  what  blame  she  herself  laid  upon  the  bishops  for  the 
same.     The  letter  (which  is  worthy  the  preserving)  ran  to 
this  purport : 

"  That  there  was  on  Palm- Sunday  last,  at  one  hour,  at  Fifty-three 
"  four  sundry  masses,  in  four  sundry  places,  and  out  corners  ^^^g°"*^ 
*'  of  the  city  of  London,  fifty-three  persons  taken;  whereof  mass. 
"  the  most  part  were  ladies,  gentlewomen,  and  gentlemen. 

VOL.  II.  K  k 


498       x\NNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  Two  and  twenty  of  them  stood  stoutly  to  the  matter; 
"  whereof  the  lady  Morley  and  the  lady  Browne  (who  had 
Anno  1574. "  paid  before  an  100  marks  for  her  offence)  were  the 
"  chief.  The  priests  gloried  in  their  doings,  and  affirmed, 
*^  that  there  were  five  hundred  masses  in  England  said  that 
"  day.  That  the  qucen\s  majesty  did  say  openly,  it  was  the 
336"  negligence  of  the  bishops,  and  their  chancellors,  arch- 
"  deacons,  and  commissaries,  that  was  the  cause  of  all  this.*" 
Whereupon  the  dean  added,  "  That  it  stood  his  lordship 
"  [the  bishop]  in  hand,  to  look  about,  that  the  tenth  part 
"  of  these  masses  were  said  in  his  diocese,  (if  there  were  so 
"  many  masses  said,)  good  conjectors  said  so.  And  then 
"  he  prayed  God  none  of  his  officers  were  culpable  in  con- 
"  senting  to  them."  And  adding,  "  The  days  be  danger- 
"  ous ;  the  Devil  is  busy  to  lull  men  asleep  in  security,  and 
"  to  be  negligent  in  their  offices,  that  require  vigilant  pas- 
"  tors,  to  such  time  as  he  may  by  policy  plant  ignorance  and 
"  idolatry,  to  be  commended  Avith  cruelty.  The  greatest 
"  diligence  is  too  little,  and  the  least  spark  of  careless  neg- 
"  ligence  is  too  much.  Dated  from  court,  April  8,  1574, 
"  subscribing, 

"  Your  lordship's  to  use  in  Christ, 

"  George  Gardiner." 

Bristow's         About  tliis  year,  R.  Bristow,  of  the  English  college  at 
Motives  set  j)„^yj^y   g^t  forth  his  Motivcs  unto  the  Catholic  faith,  to  the 

forth.  •'  '  _  _ 

number  of  forty-eight :  a  book  of  great  vogue  with  the 
papists  :  which  Dr.  Fulk,  of  Cambridge,  now  answered,  in  a 
treatise  called  The  Retentive.  In  the  year  1599,  it  was 
printed  again  at  Antwerp.  And  again,  the  next  year,  1600, 
one  Dr.  Hil  put  it  forth  at  Antwerp,  entitled  tlien.  Reasons 
for  the  Catholic  ReUgion,  in  number  twenty-five,  as  a  new 
book  of  his  own ;  but  containing  much  of  the  form  and 
manner,  and  all  the  matter  for  the  ground  thereof,  taken 
out  of  Bristow :  which  was  fully  and  learnedly  answered  by 
George  Abbot,  D.  D.  master  of  University  college,  Oxon, 
afterwards  archbishop  of  Canterbury.  And  in  our  time 
came  out  Bristow"'s  Motives  again,  with  a  new  name,  viz. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  499 

The  touchstone  of  the  new  gospel:  which  Dr.  Simon  Patrick,    CHAP, 
afterwards  bishop  of  Ely,  briefly  and  effectually  answered. 


Thus  had  this  book  been  made  use  of  by  those  of  that  reli- Anno  1574. 
gion,  even  to  our  days,  as  a  doughty  piece,  to  persuade  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion. 

Notwithstanding;  the  Scottish  queen  remained  the  stay  of -^  present 

°  "^         to  the 

the  papists'  hopes,  and  the  dread  of  the  queen's  good  sub-  queen  from 
iects,  vet  her  maiestv  shewed  still   a  respect  towards  her.  *f'^  ^'^"*' 

<}       ^   J  J       .'  I  tish  queen. 

There  were  now  presents  passed  between  them.  A  messen- 
ger from  queen  Mary  brought  some  tokens  to  queen  Eliza- 
beth ;  which  she  kindly  accepted  of,  and  shewed  it  to  her 
ambassador  residing  here ;  and  withal  told  him,  that  she 
would  requite  her  with  some  like  token  from  herself:  which 
also  she  bade  him  acquaint  his  mistress  with.  Of  which 
passage  the  earl  of  Leicester  soon  informed  the  earl  of 
Shrewsbury,  that  so  he  might  be  the  first  bringer  of  that 
news  to  that  queen,  being  in  his  custody. 

But  the  queen  was  now  melancholy,  and  so  had  been  for  The  queen 
many  days,  occasioned  by  some  weighty  causes  of  state ;  c^oiy. 
and  how  to  interpret  the  same  was  uncertain,  as  the  same 
Leicester,  then  near  her  majesty,  shewed  that  lord  at  the 
same  time. 

Now  for  more  private,  domestic,  and  personal  matters. 
The  queen  still  remained  sad  and  pensive  in  the  month  of 
June ;  and  so  the  earl  of  ShrcAvshury's  son,  then  at  court, 
wrote  to  his  father,  as  Leicester  also  had  done ;  and  that  it 
should  seem  she  was  so  troubled  for  some  important  matters  337 
then  before  her.    But  notwithstanding;,  that  month  she  be- ^ ''';  *l"^^" 

o'       ^  begins  her 

gan  her  progress;  which  might  perhaps  divert  her.  It  was  progress, 
thought  she  would  go  to  Bristow.  The  gests  were  making 
in  order  thereto.  Mr.  Hatton  (not  well  in  health)  took  this 
opportunity  to  get  leave  to  go  to  the  Spaw,  and  Dr.  Julio  (a 
great  court  physician)  with  him ;  whereat  the  queen  shewed 
herself  very  pensive,  and  very  unwilling  to  grant  him  leave, 
for  he  was  a  favourite.  These  are  some  of  the  contents  of 
a  private  letter  of  the  lord  Talbot,  to  the  earl  his  father. 
As  also,  that  the  lord  treasurer,  intending  to  wait  upon  the 
queen  when  she  came  to  Woodstock,  as  she  had  appointed 

K  k2 


500       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    him,  secretary  Walsingham  signified  to  him,  that  the  queen 
now  had  a  disposition,  that  he,  with  the  lord  keeper,  and 


Anno  1574.  sir  Ralph  Sadler,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  should  tarry 
at  London.  The  cause  wherefore  was  unknown  to  the  lord 
treasurer,  but  seemed  to  be  a  surprise  to  him  :  but  he  said, 
he  would  do  as  he  was  commanded.  The  queen  seemed  to 
be  apprehensive  of  some  dangers  in  her  absence,  (which 
might  give  occasion  to  her  melancholy,)  and  therefore 
thought  it  advisable  for  those  staid  counsellors  to  remain 
behind. 

The  earl  of       ^|,g  young  earl  of  Oxford,  of  that  ancient  and  Very  fa- 

Oxford  dis-         .,  /  ,        rr  -1  1 

contented    mily  of  the  Vcres,  had  a  cause  or  suit  that  now  came  be- 
'^^P"*  ^th^  ^^^'^  ^^^  queen :  which  she  did  not  answer  so  favourably  as 
fjueen.        was  expected ;  checking  him,  it  seems,  for  his  unthriftiness. 
And  hereupon  his  behaviour  before  her  gave  her  some  of- 
fence.    This  was  advertised  from  the  lord  chamberlain  to 
the  lord  treasurer;  who,  being  master  of  the  wards,  had 
this  earl  under  his  care,  and  whom  he  afterwards  matched 
his  daughter  Anne  unto.     The  news  of  this  troubled  that 
lord :  saying,  "  He  was  sorry  her  majesty  had  made  such 
"  haste ;  and  had  answered  him  so,  that  he  feared  the  se- 
"  quel  might  breed  offence,  if  he  were  ill  counselled :  that 
"  is,  in  case  he  should,  upon  this,  yield  to  such  heads  as 
"  himself,  which  he  was  apt  enough  to  do."  And  then  gave 
His  charac-  this  favourable  character  of  the  said  young  earl :  "  that 
An  un-       "  howsoever  he  might  be,  for  his  own  private  matters,  of 
tiirift,  but    n  thrift  unconsiderate,  he  dared  avow  him  to  be  resolute  in 
"  dutifulness  to  the  queen   and   his  country.     And   then 
"  prayed  God,   that  the   usage  of  that    poor  young  carl 
"  might  not  hazard  him  to  the  profit  of  others." 
The  bishop       What  the  troubles  and  disturbances  of  the  bishops,  given 
venues  en-  them  by  some  of  the  laity,  especially  of  the  disaffected, 
^'"^''-  hath  been  occasionally  shewed  from  time  to  time.     One  of 

the  clamours  aeainst  them  was,  that  thev  were  rich  and  covet- 
ous ;  hoping  thereby  to  shorten  their  revenues,  and  get  some 
shares  thereof  among  themselves.  Cox,  the  good  bishop  of 
Ely,  had  a  deep  portion  of  envy  and  disquiet  on  this  account, 
by  particular  informations  given  to  the  lord  treasurer  how 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  501 

rich  he  was.  A  wealthy  bishopric  indeed  his  was.  But  these    CHAP, 
men  considered  not  the  necessary  and  continual  charges  and 


expenses  in  repairs,  hospitality,  charity,  duties,  taxes,  that '^"no '574. 
went  out  of  it.  This  report  (which  that  lord  also  partly 
believed)  coming  to  the  pious  bishop^s  ears,  he  thought  fit 
to  declare  his  mind  to  the  said  lord,  and  to  open  what  in 
truth  his  own  circumstances  were :  that  so  he  might  stop 
any  danger  of  that  nature  that  might  happen,  by  imposing 
upon  the  queen,  or  otherwise.  And  therefore  after  this  33  8 
manner  did  he  write,  in  the  month  of  April,  to  the  lord 
treasurer,  both  in  behalf  of  himself  and  other  his  fellow- 
bishops. 

"  That  he  trusted  it  was  not  true,  that  his  lordship  should  Occasions 

'  \  his  letter 

"  conceive  of  hnn  that  he  was  rich,  and  had  great  heaps  of  to  the  lord 

"  money  lying  by  him.     For  that  he  accounted  that  state  J^^^**""^^^^ 

"  [and  niggardly  disposition]  to  be  miserable  and  sinful,  D.  Rich. 

"  especially  in  that  needy  and  beggarly  time  ;  and  also  their  pg|^|^*jjjg'^"' 

"  fens,   loods,    dikes,    and  banks,    [belonging  to   that   bi- 

"  shopric,]  almost  then  in  all  places  so  sore  decayed.    That 

"  he  meant  not  to  trouble  his  lordship  with  discoursing  of 

*'  his  estate :  which  partly  he  had  done  to  the  archbishop 

"  of  Canterbury ;    qui   nuper   ei'at   in   simili   seductione. 

"  That  he  was  loath  to  utter  his  bare  condition :  but  I  dare 

"  protest,  as  he  added,  coram  Domino  in  conscientia  bona, 

"  that  my  sum  is  well  under  a  thousand  pounds ;  as  he  was 

"  able,  he  said,  to  declare.     And  then,  on  occasion  of  these 

"  slanderous  reports,  he  used  these  words  ;  Ora  obloquentia 

"  Deiis  veritatis  vindex  obstruere  dignetur.  That  he  wished 

"  rather  an  hundred  others  to  talk  their  pleasures,  than  his 

"  lordship  should  conceive  any  thing  amiss  of  him,  and 

"  otherwise   than    truth   would   bear.     And   therefore   he 

"  thought  good  at  this  time  to  signify  thus  much  unto  his 

"  good  lordship,  as  to  his  dearest  friend  on  earth.  Dominus 

"  Jesus  te  nobis  diutissime  servet  incolumem.  Written  from 

"  his  house  at  Downham,  April  28,  1574." 

Such  reports  of  this  bishop,  and  his  wealth,  might  have^^t*^" 
been  made  at  court,  to  incline  the  queen  the  more  to  com-  that  bishop 
mand  him  to  part  with  his  city  house,  in  Holborn,  to  sir  b'^Jr^house 

Kk3 


502       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  Christopher  Hatton  ;  who  was  very  intent  upon  it,  as  well  as 
several  other  noblemen,  to  strip  it  from  the  bishopric.  Let- 
Anno  1574.  ters  therefore  were  procured  to  be  written  to  the  bishop  of 
Ely  for  that  purpose,  by  the  lord  treasurer  :  or  at  least  to 
lend  the  house  to  a  nobleman,  a  friend  of  his.  But,  to  the 
lasting  commendation  of  this  bishop,  knowing  he  could  not 
with  any  conscience  diminish  the  revenues  of  that  which  he 
was  but  intrusted  with  as  a  steward,  he  gave  this  wise  and 
stout  answer  to  that  lord,  after  his  very  hearty  commenda- 
tions to  him  : 
His  answer,  u  That  he  had  considered  his  suit  which  he  made  so 
lend  it.  "  friendly  for  a  nobleman,  for  his  house  in  Holborn.  But- 
"  that  his  request  and  suit  unto  his  lordship,  as  to  his 
"  dearest  friend,  was  to  stay  the  suit,  whereunto  he  could 
"  not  conveniently  yield  without  some  just  displeasure  and 
"  misliking  of  divers  nobles  of  this  realm,  and  they  his  dear 
"  friends ;  who,  in  like  request,  at  his  [the  bishop''s]  reason- 
"  able  desire,  had  been  quietly  and  friendly  stayed.  And 
"  yet,  he  added,  he  had  had  some -experience  what  inconvc- 
"  nience  had  fallen  by  lending  of  an  house. 

"  Again,  when  her  majesty  appointed  him  to  that  office, 
"  he  had,  he  said,  free  access  and  entry  into  all  his  houses: 
"  and  ti'uly,  I  would,  as  he  added,  be  very  loath  to  leave  my 
"  house  possessed  and  inhabited ;  that,  when  God  should 
*'  call  me,  my  successor  shall  be  driven  to  make  suit  for 
'"  his  own  house.  That  the  state  of  the  world  at  this  day 
*'  being,  as  his  lordship  knew, 

*'  Turpius  ejicitur  quam  non  admittitur  hospes. 

339  *'  Further,  that  his  svuidry  suits  and  causes  there  [at 
"  London  and  Westminster]  were  such,  that  he  looked 
"  every  term,  when  he  should  be  forced  to  repair  thither 
"  himself.  At  what  time  he  meant  not  to  be  destitute  of 
"  his  house.  That,  moreover,  his  house  had  at  that  present 
"  some  furniture  in  a  readiness;  which,  if  another  man 
"  should  enter  in,  he  should  be  forced  troublesomely  to 
"  convey  away,  or  to  thrust  it  on  heaps  in  some  corner. 
"  Wherefore  he  most  heartily  desired  his  good  lordship  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  503 

"  stand  his  friend  and  eood  lord  in  this  case,  as  heretofore    CHAP. 

V  W  IT 

"  he  had  been  accustomed ;  so  as  he  might  enjoy  his  own 


"  to  his  own  use  and  commodity.  And  then  concluded  with  Anno  1574. 
"  something  in  Latin,  as  of  more  privacy,  and  touching 
"  that  lord  himself:  viz.  Atque  hie  aurem  tibi  vellico.  Hoc 
^''J'acics  alteri,  qnod  tibi  visjie7'i.  JVeqiie  iibi  unqtiam  ex- 
"  cidat,  te  adeo  hue  esse  eveetum^  ut  verbi  viinistris  in  me- 
"  dio  nationis  pravcB  degentibiis^  un'icum  sis  Jere  asylum. 
"  Thus  the  Lord  have  you  in  his  blessed  keeping.  From 
"  my  house  in  Downham,  the  3d  of  February,  1574.'" 

Story,  bishop  of  Hereford,  also,  the  only  bishop  in  king  Some 
Edward''s  reign  then  alive,  and  one  of  those  bishops  that the'diocese 
assisted  at  the  consecration  of  archbishop  Parker,  did  this  "^  Hereford 

J.  11  ii/>  PI  1  p'n  danger 

year  mtercede  with  the  same  lord  for  some  of  the  clergy  of  by  the  sta- 
his  diocese  that  were  vexed,  and  like  to  be  thrown  out  of  *"*''°^*"P* 

,     .       ,.    .  .  .  pression  01 

then-  livings,  (and  many  more  after  them,  if  this  matter  colleges, 
were  not  stopped,)  by  an  unjust  pretence  to  a  statute  against 
superstitious  foundations.  The  actors  in  this  business  were 
some  clerks  of  the  exchequer:  who  endeavoured,  in  hopes 
of  gain  to  themselves,  to  bring  some  of  the  parish  churches 
of  that  diocese  under  the  statute  of  suppression,  as  though 
they  were  colleges ;  namely,  such  churches  as  were  divided 
into  portions,  where  there  were  two  or  three  parsons  be- 
longing thereto.  The  church  of  Bromyard  particularly  had 
been  long  in  suit :  and  the  parsons  thereof  by  this  means 
greatly  impoverished;  being  from  time  to  time  delayed.  And 
two  or  three  other  great  churches  besides,  in  the  same  dio- 
cese, in  present  suit ;  and  more  were  threatened  to  come  in 
shortly.  Of  these  practices  this^  good  bishop  had  carefully 
informed  the  lord  treasurer  before,  hoping  thereby  to  stop 
the  further  proceedings  of  these  (whom  he  called)  lewd 
clerJiS.  But,  it  seems,  they  had  some  secret  favour  in  the 
office,  or  other  maintenance;  insomuch  that  they  continued 
to  vex  and  molest  the  poor  incumbents.  Of  this  the  bishop  The  bishop 
put  the  lord  treasurer  in  mind  again  ;  as  by  whose  wisdom  T/'^^f *  f 
the  church  of  England  had  been  defended,  even  from  the  treasurer 
beginning  hitherto.  b"haif! 

He  used  arguments  earnestly  with  this  lord :  as,  of  the 
K  k  4 


504       ANNALS  OF  THE  HE  FORMATION 

BOOK    great  inconvenience  of  allowing  such  things;  and  what  a 
^'        dishonour  and  blemish  it  would  cast  upon  the  protestant  re- 
Anno  i574.1igion,  and  expose  it  to  the  contempt  of  papists;  and  would 
be  to  the  church  of  England  a  great  slander,  if  her  parish 
churches  should   be  thus  destroyed.     And  that  it  would 
make  the  reproaches  of  Dorman  and  others  true ;  that  our 
churches  now,  some  of  them,  were  turned  into  houses  for 
private  men  to  live  in,  and  some  others  were  made  stables, 
and  others  demolished  flat  to  the  ground.  For  that,  indeed, 
by  giving  way  to  these  evil  men's  practices,  not  only  many 
parish  churches  in  his  diocese,  but  many  others  also  through- 
out the  whole  realm,  both  parsonages  and  vicarages,  wo\ild 
340 be  overthrown.     And  therefore  he  desired,  that  those  per- 
sons of  his  diocese  now  prosecuted  might  have  speedy  trial, 
and  be  heard  according  to  order  of  law,  without  further 
delay,  with  this  favour.     This  letter,  containing  matter  of 
so  weighty  a  concern,  and  wrote  by  so  venerable  a  bishop, 
N".  XLi.    must  have  a  place  in  the  Appendix. 

The  town  Trouble  also  was  created  to  another  bishop  this  year, 
endelvom  namely,  Barklay ,  bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  by  the  townsmen, 
to  ^et  a  Which  made  him  apply  himself  to  the  same  common  asy~ 
wrpora"'^  ^  ^"^'^  of  the  bishops  and  clergy,  viz.  the  lord  treasurer.  The 
tioii.  case  was  this.     Those  of  the  town  of  Wells,  thinking  them- 

selves too  much  under  the  bishop's  jurisdiction,  and  hoping 
to  make  themselves  more  free  and  independent  upon  him 
and  his  successors,  and  for  some  other  worldly  considera- 
tions in  some  of  them,  namely,  their  own  private  ends,  had 
solicited  the  queen  to  grant  the  renewing  of  theii-  ancient 
but  decayed  corporation ;  pretending  to  have  had  it  ever 
since  king  Edward  the  Third's  reign.     The  bishop,  esteem- 
ing himself  bound  to  preserve  the  privileges  of  his  bishopric, 
and  to  prevent  any  encroachments  upon  it  and  its  benefits, 
did  his  endeavour  to  stop  their  proceedings,  and  hinder  the 
grant.     And  in  order  to  that,  in  the  month  of  February, 
The  bishop  17  Eliz.   advertised  the  treasurer  by  letter,   "  That  if  the 
!^' "f,"'"'"' "  townsmen  should  enjoy  their  corporation,  as  they  called 
poMth  it:    "  it,  grounded  upon  an  old  charter,  (as  they  would  blind 
ani^  why.     ^^  ^j^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  World,  but  utterly  defaced,  as  it  appeared, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  505 

by  king  Edward  III.)  they  should  work  in  the  end  their    CHAP, 
own  destruction ;    and  should  covertly  carry  away   the    ^^^^^' 


"  commodity  belonging  to  the  queen''s  majesty  and  her  sue- Anno  1574. 

"  cessors,  and  spoil  the  bishop  that  then  was,  and  those  that 

"  should  follow  after  him  for  ever."     He  informed  further, 

"  That   the   town   had    no  trade  whereby   to  maintain  a 

"  mayor,  a  recorder  of  the  same  town,  a  justice,  and  two 

"  other  justices  within  the  same  town;  which  they  had  then 

"  gotten  by  their  corporation.     That  the  mayor  that  then 

"  was,  was  not  able  to  give  his  sergeants  meat;  but  they 

"  were  constrained,   notwithstanding   their   attendance,  to 

"  seek  their  meat  at  home,  or  elsewhere.     That  the  next 

"  year,  they  must  either  have  a  shoemaker  or  a  baker  to 

"  be  their  mayor ;  and  so  a  justice  of  peace.    That  the  town 

"  was  poor,  and  stood  by  handicraftsmen :  which,  if  the  bi- 

"  shop  were  not  present,  and  the  masters  of  the  cathedral 

"  church,  (for  which  causes  there  was  great  resort  to  the 

"  town,)  they  were  not  able  to  get  their  bread,  much  less  to 

"  feed  others."" 

He  informed  the  lord  treasurer  moreover,  "  That  there 
"  were  three  or  four  lately  gotten  up,  that  were  very  de- 
"  sirous  to  have  the  stock  and  land  of  the  town  into  their 
"  own  hands ;  thinking  by  dominion  (if  they  could  get  the 
"  bishop's  liberties)  to  bring  the  commonalty  of  the  town  and 
"  country,  that  resort  thither  the  two  market-days,  viz.  Wed- 
"  nesday  and  Saturday,  into  such  bondage,  that  thereby  they 
"  would  not  seem  only  to  be  rulers,  but  also  to  get  great  gain. 
"  And  that  even  so  they  did  in  the  said  king  Edward's  days. 
"  Whereupon  he  was  moved  to  deface,  before  their  faces, 
"  {propter  melius  et  majus  comniodum,)  the  grant  that  he 
"  had  made  them.  I  use,  added  the  bishop,  the  terms  of 
"  the  book  case,  well  known  to  the  learned  in  the  law. 
"  That  it  might  therefore  please  his  good  lordship  to  con- 
"  sider  thereof:  and,  for  the  better  quiet  and  commodity 341 
"  of  the  town,  to  take  such  order  as  should  be  for  further- 
"  ance  of  the  same.  That  they  should  be  bound  in  duty 
"  to  pray  for  his  lordship's  prosperity ;  and  he  himself 
"  should  not  fail,  during  life,  so  to  do.    Dated  from  Wells, 


506       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  the  vli.  of  Fehr.  an}io  R.  regince  xvii.    Subscribed,  Your 
"  lordship's  daily  orator, 


Anno  1574.  «  Gilbert,  Bath  and  Wells." 

The  towns-      The  bishop  did  also  employ  his  lawyers  to  impeach  this 
claim  a-      attempt  of  the  townsmen ;  and  was  so  successful  at  length, 
gainst  the    ^j^^^^  they,  finding  they  could  not  prevail  by  law,  sought  by 
accuse  him.  all  sinister  means  to  molest  him,  and  now  took  this  course 
to  obtain  their  purpose :  to  put  up  a  supplication  to  the 
queen,  for  the  having  a  new  corporation,  only  to  maintain 
the  name  of  the  mayor,  recorder,  and  two  justices ;  so  that 
they  might  have  four  justices  of  the  peace  within  the  town. 
Febr.  28.     Which  thing,  as  the  said  bishop  in  another  letter  to  the 
same  lord  informed,  was  never  heard  of  in  that  town  before. 
They  also  intended  by  a  multitude  (or,  as  we  now  say,  a 
mob)  to  make  an  exclamation  against  the  bishoj),  and  to 
suborn  such  matter  in  malice  as  they  possibly  could,  to  dis- 
credit him.      Whereupon  he  addressed  again  to  that  lord  : 
to  whom  his  humble   suit  was,  that  he   might  not  be   ill 
thought  of,  till  he  came  to  his  answer;  and  then  he  doubted 
not,  but,  by  the  grace  of  God,  he  should  so  answer  them  to 
every  point,  that  they  should  have  small  joy,  as  he  said,  of 
their   evil    doing-s.     And  then  he   should    not   fail  of  his 
bounden  duty,  to  pray  for  his  lordship's  prosperity. 

These  men  still  prosecuted  their  suit;  and  seemed  at 
length  in  effect  to  have  obtained  a  new  grant,  as  they  de- 
sired :  and  likewise  pursued  their  complaints  against  the  bi- 
shop, as  though,  by  virtue  of  his  power,  he  had  laid  heavy 
burdens  unjustly  upon  them.     Which  occasioned  a  third 
letter  from  him  to  the  said  nobleman :  herein  urging  the 
injury  hereby  done  to  the  bishopric,  by  infringing  the  li- 
berties that  the  queen  had  before  granted  to  him  and  his 
successors,  when  she  made  him  bishop;  as  also  the  wrong 
done  to  herself  and  crown.     For  to  this  tenor  he  wrote  in 
The  bi-       April :  "  advertising  him,  that  the  townsmen  of  Wells  had 
^'^"t  1  tter  "  gotten  a  corporation  lately  ;   whereby,  if  they  should  en- 
against  this "  joy  the  Same,  they  did  not  only  imbecile  her  majesty's 
gi'ait'         u  grants,  and  the  grants  of  her  highness'  progenitors,  but 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  507 

"  also  take  away  her  own  commodities  for  ever.  And  should    CHAP. 
"  thereby  take  away  the  liberties  belonging  to  the  bishopric, 


"  confirmed  by  her  majesty  to  him  and  his  successors.    For  Ahuo  1574. 
"  the  which  he  did,  and  they  should,  pay  a  yearly  portion, 
"  and  should  receive  nothing  for  the  same." 

He  added,  "  That  he  was  desirous  to  answer  their  untrue 
"  suggestions.  And  that  he  would  be  reported  by  town  and 
"  country,  worshipful  and  others,  in  whatsoever  the  said  town 
"  of  Wells  had  been  governed,  since  he  had  been  bishop. 
*'  He  desired  his  lordship  to  consider  further,  how  many 
"  towns  of  new  corporations  were  come  to  decay.  Whereof 
"  they  had  good  experience,  both  within  that  shire,  and  not 
"  far  off  without  it,  in  sundry  and  divers  places.  And  that  if 
"  his  lordship  would  command  the  bearer  of  his  letter  to 
"  attend  him  at  his  leisure,  he  would  give  his  lordship  fur- 342 
"  ther  to  vmderstand,  that  it  was  his  [the  bishop's]  duty  to 
"  the  queen  constrained  him  to  complain ;  and  the  pity  he 
"  bore  to  the  toVn,  which  was  like  to  come  to  decay,  that 
"  moved  him  to  be  thus  an  humble  suitor  to  his  lordship." 
And  so  desired  his  good  lordship  to  be  his  friend.  This 
was  dated  from  Wells,  the  25th  of  April,  1574. 

This  year  ended  the  life  of  another  worthy  bishop  and  The  bishop 
confessor,  Parkhurst,  bishop  of  Norwich  ;  of  whom  several  ^jg^  ^^^ 
notices  have  been  given  before.  He  died  in  the  latter  end  account  of 
of  the  year  after  his  great  climacteric.  He  had  been  greatly 
afflicted  with  the  stone  (which  he  called  \\\?,  Jumiliar  tor- 
mentor) in  the  winter  before,  being  at  London,  and  made 
bloody  urine  for  two  days  together  sometimes,  in  the 
months  of  October,  November,  and  December,  and  voided 
seven  stones  in  January.  This  was  joined  with  a  fever.  In- 
somuch that  he  had  three  physicians;  an  Englishman,  a 
Fleming,  and  an  Hungarian.  By  whose  help  at  last  he  re- 
covered. But  after  that,  he  lived  physically,  that  is,  mi- 
serably; as  he  wrote  himself  to  one  of  his  friends  at  Tigur. 
He  had  been  domestic  chaplain  to  Katharine  duchess  of 
Suffolk,  and  queen  Katharine  Parr ;  and  tutor  at  Oxford  to 
the  most  learned,  and  ever  highly  deserving  of  this  church, 
bishop  Jewel;    and  was  rector  of  the  rich  parsonage  of 


508      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  Clive.  AVhich,  together  with  his  country  and  all  that  he 
^-  had,  he  voluntarily  forsook,  for  the  sake  of  Christ  and  his 
Anno  1574.  gospel,  in  the  reign  of  queen  Mary.  And  was  an  exile  at 
Zuric  in  Switzerland.  Where,  when  once  one  coming  to  the 
door  of  the  house  where  he  sojourned,  and  asked  him  if  his 
master  were  at  home,  it  stirred  him  a  little,  and  gave  him 
occasion  to  meditate  some  verses.    Whereof  this  was  a  part : 

Vah !  nequeo  esse  servus ; 
Multorum  quij'ucrim  domhms. 

And  ever  after,  he  had  a  great  sense  of  the  favour  and 
protection  he  received  in  Helvetia,  especially  of  the  learned 
men  of  Zuric,  one  of  the  protestant  cantons  there ;  where 
he  lived  with  his  wife  safely :  and  received  such  civilities 
then  from  them,  BuUinger,  Lavater,  Wolphius,  Siraler,  and 
especially  Quaker,  that  he  could  never  forget  as  long  as  he 
lived;  and  always  held  a  fraternal  and  dear  correspondence 
Avith  them.  And  so  delighted  was  he  with  the  discipline 
and  doctrine  of  that  church,  that  he  often  wished  that  our 
church  were  modelled  exactly  according  to  that.  And  in 
gratitude  to  Rodolph  Gualter,  (in  whose  house  he  and  his 
wife  seem  to  have  been  harboured,)  he  maintained  his  son, 
young  Rodulph,  first  at  Cambridge,  and  then  at  Oxford, 
and  in  other  places  while  he  was  in  England,  at  his  sole  ex- 
pense, though  he  were  somewhat  a  prodigal  youth;  and 
gave  him  a  viaticum^  to  bear  his  charges  when  he  returned 
home.  He  used  to  give  sixty  liveries  twice  a  year  to  his 
servants  and  retainers.  Afterwards,  by  reason  of  the  queen's 
debts  that  fell  upon  him  by  the  wrongs  of  his  collector 
Thinielthorp,  (failing  of  his  payment  of  the  tenths  of  the 
clergy  for  the  12th  and  13th  years  of  the  queen,)  he  was 
forced  to  retrench,  being  then  bound  to  pay  to  the  queen 
400/.  in  one  year ;  that  is,  100/.  each  term  ;  and  so  fell  to 
forty  liveries,  and  after  to  thirty. 
343      He  kept  twenty-six  men-servants  in  his  house:   among 


His  house-  whom  werc,  besides  his  secretary  and  gentleman,  a  cook,  a 
I'enintf     middle  cook,  a  brewer,  a  cater,  a  baker,  a  yeoman  of  the 
horse,  a  bailiff,  two  carters,  and  divers  other  inferior  ser- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  509 

vants;  besides  six  maids,  six  retainers,  four  poor  aged  folks    CHAP. 
maintained  in  the  house,  and  three  scholars  found  by  him,    ^^^^^' 


one  at  Oxford,  another  at  Norwich,  and  a  third  at  Ips- Anno  1574. 
wich. 

This  bishop  was  supposed  to  be  inclinable  to  the  puritans,  He  was 
and  to  wink  at  them.  But  how  he  did  indeed  stand  affected  Lvour'thl^ 
in  that  behalf,  take  his  own  words  once  to  his  chancellor  in  P""tans. 
this  year:  "  That  he  must  needs  allow  the  diligence  of  such 
"  as  endeavoured  to  preserve  the  godly  ordinances  of  the 
"  realm,  to  the  maintenance  of  the  peace,  and  her  majesty's 
"  quiet  government:  thanking  and  commending  him  for  his 
"  travail  and  care :  and  praying  him  to  spare  no  person ;  as 
"  well  such  as,  being  too  forward,  needed  a  sharp  bit  and 
"  rein  to  restrain  their  haste,  as  such  also  as,  being  too  slow, 
"  did  wilfully  and  stubbornly,  like  resty  jades,  draw  back- 
"  wards,  and  therefore  deserved  sharp  spurring."  The  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  also  thought  him  a  man  of  too  much 
lenity :  and  hereupon  gave  him  once,  in  a  letter,  some  fa- 
vourable advertisements ;  hinting,  how  even  a  friend  of  his 
disliked  his  government. 

Upon  which  admonition  of  the  archbishop,  the  bishop  re- His  plea  for 
turned  him  this  answer:  "  What  I  am,  and  what  my  doings  I'jI'jJj^^^'J^^^g'j. 
"  are,  cannot  be  hidden  ;  and  therefore  do  refer  myself  to  to  the  arch- 
"  the  reports,  not  of  any  one,  but  of  all  severally.     This  I  '^'^''°P" 
"  find,  by  good  proof,  that  the  rough  and  austere  manner 
"  of  ruling  doth  the  least  good ;  and,  on  the  other  part,  the 
"  contrary  hath  and  doth   daily  reclaim  and  win  divers. 
"  And  therefore  do  I  choose  rather  to  continue  my  accus- 
"  tomed  and  natural  form  and  manner,  which  I  know  how 
"  it  hath  and  doth  work,  than  with  others  by  rigour  and 
"  extremity  to  overrule,"  &c.     And  so  well  was  he  beloved 
in  his  diocese,  that  it  was  but  a  year  before  his  death,  that 
he  occasionally  signified  unto  the  same  archbishop,  that  he 
had  not  an  ill-wilier  of  countenance  in  all  the  shire  but  one, 
and  that  was  Mr.  Drury :  yet  even  he  also  outwardly  bore 
him  a  friendly  countenance. 

He  was  naturally  somewhat  hasty,  but  soon  appeased  His  temper 
again.    He  would  speak  his  mind  freely,  and  fear  none  in  a  J^^  Jisp^^i, 

tion. 


510      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 

I. 


good  cause.  A  true  friend,  and  easily  reconciled  to  any 
against  whom  he  had  taken  a  displeasure.  He  appointed  in 
Anno  1574.  his  diocese,  (that  was  large,)  for  the  better  oversight  thereof, 
ten  commissaries ;  to  whom  he,  as  occasion  served,  sent  in- 
structions for  the  regulation  and  order  of  his  see.  He  could 
have  been  willing  to  allow  a  liberty  of  officiating  in  the 
church  to  such  as  could  not  conform  to  some  of  the  cere- 
monies of  it;  looking  upon  them  as  indifferent  matters: 
but,  upon  command  from  above,  he  readily  obeyed  his 
prince's  and  metropolitan''s  authority.  He  was  a  friend  to 
prophecies;  that  is,  to  the  meetings  of  the  ministers  in  se- 
veral appointed  parish  churches  in  his  diocese,  as  in  St.  Ed- 
mund's-bury,  &c.  to  confer  together  about  the  interpreta- 
tion and  sense  of  the  scriptures.  But  the  queen  forbidding 
344  it,  upon  some  abuses  thereof,  the  archbishop  signified  to 
him  her  will ;  and  he,  in  obedience,  sent  to  his  archdeacons 
and  commissaries,  to  have  them  forborne  for  the  future. 

His  great  and  cordial  friends  at  court,  among  others, 
were  sir  William  Cecil,  sir  Walter  Mildmay,  Dr.  Tho.  Wyl- 
son.  Whom  he  made  use  of,  by  frequent  letters  to  them, 
upon  occasion. 

For  some  years  before  his  death  he  retired  from  Norwich, 
and  lived  at  his  house  at  Ludham  :  where  latewardly  he  re- 
trenched his  family  for  his  debt  to  the  queen ;  yet  lived  in 
some  port  still.  But  before  that  misfortune,  his  hospitality 
was  so  notable,  that  though  the  proportion  of  his  yearly  re- 
venues was  much  inferior  to  others,  it  gave  place  to  none  of 
his  profession  and  degree.  He  was  not  contented  to  feed 
the  poor  at  his  gate  widi  fragments  and  scraps,  but  he  had 
a  table  set  for  them ;  bringing  them  into  his  house,  and 
having  all  necessaries  ministered  unto  them,  for  the  relief  of 
their  needs.  He  was  ready  to  do  good  to  all  men,  but  espe- 
cially to  the  household  of  faith.  As  for  his  life  and  conver- 
sation, it  was  such  as  might  be  counted  a  mirror  of  virtue, 
wherein  appeared  nothing  but  what  was  good  and  godly  :  an 
example  to  the  flock  in  righteousness,  in  faith,  in  love,  in 
peace,  in  word,  in  piu'ity.  He  preached  diligently,  and  ex- 
horted the  people  that  came  to  him.  He  was  a  learned  man. 


His  friends 
at  court. 


His  house 
keeping 
and  hospi- 
tality. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  511 

as  well  in  respect  of  human  learning  as  divine,  well  seen  in    CHAP, 
the  sacred  scriptures;  an  earnest  protestant,  and  lover  of   ^^XII. 
sincere  religion;  an  excellent  bishop,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  Anno  1574. 
a  worthy  example  to  all  spiritual  ministers  in  his  diocese, 
both  for  doctrine,  life,  and  hospitality.     This  is  the  cha-  Pref.  to 
racter  given  him  by  one  that  well  knew  him,  and  was  a  na- J^'jj"  "^ 
tive  of  Norfolk,  Thomas  Becon,  his  contemporary,  and  of 
known  eminency  in  those  days. 


CHAP.  XXXIII.  345 

Bishop  ParTihursfs  regulatioii  of  abuses  in  his  registers. 
About  Kills  and  testaments.  Dr.  Toby  Matthew  hath  a 
prebend  in  Wells:  some  account  of  him.  The  ill  condition 
of  Manchester  college.  Rafe  Lane  offers  to  go  against 
the  Turlc,  in  the  ling  of  Spain's  service.  A  corporation 
for  turning  iro7i  into  copper.  Dee's  offer  to  discover 
treasure  hid.  Proclamation  against  excess  in  apparel. 
Sir  William  Piclering,  an  accomplished  gentleman,  dies. 
Wolf,  the  printer,  dies  :  his  cosmography.  Message  of 
the  protestant  princes  of  Germany  to  the  queen. 

And  here,  that  I  may  gather  up  and  preserve  all  that  is  Bishop 
worthy  the  recording  of  this  pious  bishop  of  Norwich,  ll^f'uiat'o? 
have  found  among  his  writings  and  letters   the  regulation  of  iiis 
of  his  ecclesiastical  court  and  officers,  especially  registers,  oSs?"*^ 
with  their  fees ;  set  down  either  by  himself  or  his  special 
order :  viz.  as  follows : 

Abuses  in  my  diocese  concerning  my  registers,  and  other 
officers. 

First,  if  any  man  depart,  and  make  his  testament.     And  Abuses 
in  the  same,  name  two  or  three  executors,   one  of  them  ""^T^  '''f 

Wills  cino 

being  more  subtle  than  the  other,  getteth  the  testament,  testaments. 
and  straightway,  yea,  sometimes  before  the  testator  be  bu- d.' jJJ,'^^' 
ried,  Cometh  to  the  register,   and  proveth   the   testament  ""P- ep'sc- 
alone,  without  the  consent  of  the  rest.     Whereunto  the  seal 


512      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    is  clapped  in  all  haste.  By  means  whereof  he  taketh  so  much 
of  the  goods  as   he  listeth.     So   that   the  goods  are  not 


Anno  1574.  equally  divided  among  them  according  to  the  testator's  mind. 
Whereupon  groweth  much  suit  and  trouble :  and  the  rest  of 
the  executors  are  without  remedy.  By  means  whereof  the 
testament  be  not  performed ;  and  many  poor  widows  and 
infants  deceived  of  their  right. 

Therefore  no  testament  shall  be  proved  hereafter,  but  in 
the  presence  of  the  judge,  who  ought  to  foresee  this  incon- 
venience.    And  the  judge  only  shall  keep  the  seal. 

Item,  Whereas  lawful  testaments  be '  made,  divers  times 
there  be  obtained  letters  of  administration,  alleging,  that 
the  testator  died  intestate.  Which  letters  be  granted  by  and 
by  for  filthy  lucre  sake.  For  this  the  register  taketh  two 
fees  for  one  thing.  And  by  this  means  ariseth  much  suit : 
and  trouble:  and  many  times  the  executors,  for  the  avoiding 
of  suits,  are  compelled  to  renounce  the  testaments.  And  so 
they  be  not  performed:  to  the  undoing  of  many  widows  and 
fatherless  children. 

Therefore  hereafter  no  administration  shall  be  granted, 
without  sufficient  testimony  that  the  party  died  intestate. 
346  Item,  It  is  reported,  that  the  registers  take  two  or  three 
fees  for  the  administration  of  one  man's  goods.  For  if  a  man 
die  intestate,  divers  times  the  administration  of  the  goods  is 
o-ranted  in  all  haste  to  such  as  by  law  ought  not  to  have  the 
same.  Whereupon  riseth  great  suit.  So  that  before  the 
same  be  called  in  again,  and  an  order  granted  to  such  as  by 
law  ought  to  have  it,  a  great  part  of  the  goods  are  spent 
and  wasted,  to  die  great  hinderance  and  undoing  of  many 
widows  and  fatherless  children. 

Therefore  no  administration  shall  be  granted  hereafter, 
without  sufficient  testimony,  that  the  party  who  desireth  the 
same  be  the  wife,  or  next  of  blood. 

Item,  It  is  reported,  that  letters  of  coUig-endion  be  granted 
to  such  as  have  no  right  thereunto ;  either  executorship  or 
kindred.     Which  have  caused  much  suit  and  trouble. 
Therefore  no  letters  of  colligendum   shall   be  granted 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  513 

hereafter,  but  where  there  is  a  testament.     And  then  to  be    CHAP, 
granted  to  the  executors  only,  sub  spe  testamenti  appro- _^ 


bandi.  Anno  1 574. 

Item,  It  hath  been  reported,  that  there  hath  been  an  un- 
godly practice  used  in  my  diocese  of  late  time.  Which  is, 
that  when  a  testament  hath  been  proved  twenty  or  thirty 
years,  more  or  less,  at  the  request  of  any  party  pretending 
a  title  to  the  lands  or  goods,  the  executors  are  compelled  to 
prove  the  same  by  witness.  Which  if  they  cannot  do,  either 
for  that  the  witnesses  be  departed ;  or  else  so  long  agone, 
that  the  contents  thereof  be  out  of  mind  and  remembrance, 
the  same  shall  be  disproved.  And  such  as  hold  lands  or 
goods  by  the  testaments,  are  clean  discharged  thereof,  to 
the  great  undoing  of  many. 

Therefore  hereafter  no  executors  shall  be  compelled  to 
prove  a  testament  or  will  by  witness,  after  that  they  have 
them  under  the  seal  of  office.  But  if  any  party  intend  to 
disprove  the  same,  let  them  do  it  by  what  ways  and  means 
they  can  otherwise. 

Item,  If  any  come  to  the  register  for  a  citation  for  any 
cause,  the  scribe  maketh  it  before  the  party  have  declared 
the  cause  to  the  judge;  who,  upon  hearing  thereof,  might 
and  ought  to  move  the  parties  to  quietness :  and  manytimes 
there  go  forth  citations:  and  when  the  cause  cometh  to 
the  hearing  of  the  judge,  it  is  mere  temporal. 

Therefore  hereafter  no  citation  or  other  process  shall  be 
made,  without  the  decree  and  commandment  of  the  judge. 
And  the  judge  only  shall  keep  the  seal. 

Item,  I  have  been  informed,  that  there  is  more  taken  for 
fees,  and  writings  of  testaments  and  administrations,  than 
should  be  taken  by  law ;  and  for  citations,  institutions  and 
inductions,  and  other  things,  more  of  late  days,  and  even  in 
my  time,  than  hath  been  taken  heretofore. 

Therefore  you  shall  cease  from  such  exactions  hereafter. 
And  I  will  know  how  you  be  able  to  answer  for  that  you 
have  done  already.  And  then  follows  a  true  certificate  and 
note  of  fees  and  duties  paid  heretofore,  and  at  present  for 
citations  and  all  other  ecclesiastical  instruments  concerning 

VOL,  IT.  L  1 


514.       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  his  consistory  court ;  cand  what  innovated.  AVhich  maybe 
found  in  the  Appendix. 
Anno  1574.  His  succcssor,  bishop  Freak,  found  some  of  the  houses  of 
N".  XLII.^  ^j^g  bishopric  out  of  repair,  and  the  abbey  of  St.  Benedict 
Allowance  especially.  The  house  at  Norwich,  and  that  at  Ludhani,  he 
to  this  bi-  repaired :  and  by  law  obtained  allowance  out  of  Parkhurst's 
cessor  for  estate  for  dilapidations.  And  that,  it  seems,  in  so  lart^e  a 
diiapida-     measure,  that  the  former  bishop's  servants  were  cut  off  from 

tioris,  ... 

the  legacies  by  his  will  bequeathed  them.  But  to  make 
some  amends,  the  present  bishop  (whether  voluntarily,  or 
by  order  of  the  court)  allowed  something  unto  them.  But 
as  for  the  said  abbey,  the  bishop  did  labour  to  be  excused 
from  putting  that  into  any  repairs ;  applying  to  the  lord 
Burghley  to  obtain  the  queen's  favour  to  be  discharged 
from  repairing  or  rebuilding  rather  (as  he  said)  that  abbey. 
And  that  because  it  was  so  utterly  decayed ;  and  likewise 
because  he  had  bestowed  so  much  upon  putting  the  other 
houses  into  good  repair.  And  since  the  house  of  St.  Bene- 
dict was  quite  down ;  and  the  scite  so  unwholesome,  that  he 
neither  would  inhabit  the  same  himself,  nor  could  think 
that  any  of  his  successors  would  be  resident  there.  And  no 
prejudice  would  hereby  come  to  any  of  them.  He  added, 
that  his  lordship  would  greatly  pleasure  him  in  compassing 
this  suit  for  him.  And  thus  we  take  our  leave  of  good  bi- 
shop Parkhurst. 
Dr.  Mat-  Toby  Matthews,  S.  T.  P.  (bred  up  at  St.  John's  col- 
a'prebenV  ^^g<^5  Oxon,  afterwards  of  Christ  Church,)  was  August  13, 
in  Wells,  ti^ig  year,  presented  to  Comb  9th,  a  prebend  in  the  church 
of  Wells.  Whom  I  mention  now,  because  he  was  fifter- 
wards  a  great  light  in  this  church  of  England,  namely, 
dean  of  Christ  Church,  Oxon.  Then  dean,  then  bisiiop  of 
Diu'ham,  and  archbishop  of  York,  successively.  A  great 
preacher,  and  a  pious,  holy  man.  This  venerable  prelate 
first  entered  into  orders  by  the  motion  and  counsel  of  Dr. 
Calfhill,  a  learned  dignitary  of  the  church  in  those  times, 
and  his  cousin :  though  his  father  and  mother,  persons  of 
good  quality,  (who  seemed  to  be  disaffected  to  religion,) 
were  not  inclinable  thereto;  as  I  have  .seen  in  a  letter  to 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  515 

the  said  Calf  hill,  soon  after  written  to  sir  William  Cecil,    CHAP. 
"  That  he  was  bound  by  all  honest  means  to  prefer  his 


"  cousin,  as  well  in  respect  of  his  rare  abilities,  as  also  for  Anno  1571. 
"  that  he  had  followed  his  advice  in  entering  into  the  mi- 
"  nistry,  against  the  good-will  of  father  and  mother,  and 
"  other  his  able  friends."  Matthews  was  soon  sent  for  to 
court  by  the  earl  of  Leicester,  having  been  recommended  to 
him  by  his  said  kinsman ;  as  also  to  the  said  secretary 
Cecil,  who,  by  soliciting  the  queen,  obtained  for  him  the 
deanery  of  Durham  divers  years  after  a;  though  she  stuck  ^  Ann.  1 582. 
a  good  while,  because  of  his  youth  and  his  marriage. 

When  he  departed  from  court  to  Durham,  Cecil,  (now  When  maiie 
lord  Burghley,)  according  to  his  grave  and  godly  way,  gave  Din-ham 
him  much  good  counsel  for  his  wise  and  good  behaviour  of '"**  answer 
himself,  and  discharging  of  his  duty  in  that  place;  and  theBiughiey's 
next  year  sent  him  a  letter  of  the  same  import  by  Mr.  Ton- "''*""'^' 
stal  going  down  thither.     The  dean,  who  was  of  a  good, 
mild,  as  well  as  well-advised  disposition,  returned  that  lord 
this  answer ;   "  That  he  trusted  the  grace  of  God  should 
"  enable  him  to  follow  his  counsel,  to  the  discharge  of  his 
"  calling,  as  it  had  persuaded  him  to  like  thereof  to  the 
"  contentation  of  his  mind.    Wherein  if  any  defect  should 
"  at  any  time  appear,  especially  coming  to  his  lordship's 348 
"  ears,  he  would  most  humbly  beseech  his  lordship  to  make 
"  him  know  it ;  and  he  did  promise  and  desire  to  be  re- 
"  formed  by  liis  authority,   and   directed  by  his  wisdom 
"  therein,  and  in  all  things  else ;  even  as  by  the  Socrates  or 
"  Solomon  of  our  age." 

Ill  was  the  state  of  Manchester  college  now,  that  noble  Them 
and  useful  foundation  for  learning,  and  propagation  of  I'c- ftia^„^i,'ester 
ligion  in  those  northern  parts.    Their  plate  and  ornaments  college, 
detained,  their  lands  entered  upon,  by  pretence  of  conceal- 
ment; and   the  same  persons   had   taken  away   their  evi- 
dences.   Add  to  the  rest,  their  preacher  was  assaulted  and 
wounded,  as  he  was  going  to  preach  in  one  of  the  cliapels 
belono-ine:  thereto.    Of  all  this  Herle,  the  warden  of  Man- 
Chester,  thought  fit  to  acquaint  the  lord  treasiu"er  with,  the 
common  patron  of  religion  and  learning.     By  whose  letter  it 


516      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK    appeared,  that  all  this  violence  was  done  after  the  archbi- 
•        shop  of  York  and  other  the  queen"'s  commissioners  had 


The  warden 
of  tlie  col- 
lege gives 
an  account 
thereof  to 
the  lord 
treasurer. 


Anno  1574.  made  a  new  establishment  of  that  college,  and  placed  learned 
men  there,  and  settled  the  lands  of  it  anew :  all  confirmed  by 
virtue  of  the  queen''s  letters  patents.  The  letter  was  as  fol- 
io we  th  : 

"  Almightie  God  preserve  yovir  good  lordship  in  myche 
"  felicitie.  Plcasith  your  honorable  lordship  to  vmderstond, 
"  that  where  of  late  my  lord\s  grace  of  York,  and  the  com- 
"  missioners  there,  at  the  queen's  majesty ""s  commandment, 
"  have  stablished  an  order  for  the  college  of  Manchester, 
"  and  placed  both  honest  and  learned  men  there :  and  the 
"  lands  and  revenues  they  have  so  ordered  as  is  most  ne- 
"  cessary  for  the  hospitality  and  relieving  the  poor  there. 
"  Which  doing  of  theirs  of  likelihood  has  displeased  some 
"  men :  for  on  Midlent  Sunday  last,  as  our  preacher  (who 
"  is  a  batchelor  of  divinity)  was  riding  to  preche  at  one  of 
"  the  chapels  of  the  parish,  being  distant  from  the  parish 
"  church  four  miles,  one  William  Smyth  of  the  parish  of 
"  Manchester  met  him  by  the  way,  and  taking  his  horse 
*'  by  the  bridle,  drew  his  dagger,  and  beat  and  wounded 
"  him  with  three  wounds.  And  if  his  horse  had  not  broke 
"  out  of  the  hand  of  the  said  Smyth,  of  likelihood  he  had 
"  slain  him.  Desiring  therefore  your  lordship  to  help  us, 
"  that  quietly  we  may  there  do  our  function  and  office:  or 
"  else  if  we  shal  be  thus  beaten,  as  before  this  time,  and  now 
"  our  preacher  is,  we  shal  never  be  able  to  live  with  them  ; 
"  except  they  may  be  punished,  to  the  terrour  of  others. 

"  They  have  also  caused  one  Thomas  Stawnton,  attour- 
"  ney  of  the  dutchy  of  Lancaster,  to  enter  into  certain 
*'  lands  of  the  said  college,  called  ohyte  lands ;  and  would 
*'  have  it  conceled  lands.  And  yet  it  is  conteined  within 
"  our  letters  patents  of  our  foundation.  And  if  the  lands 
"  be  taken  from  us,  we  be  not  able  to  maintain  the  com- 
"  pany.  They  have  also  taken  away  al  our  evidences  and 
"  letters  patents ;  and  of  ornaments  and  plate,  as  much 
"  as  the  worth  of  500  marks.  AVhich  plate  is  the  queen's 
*'  majesty's.    And  altho"'  we  have   proof,   to  whose   hands 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  517 

"  it  came  after  the  deprivation  of  my  predecessor,  yet  it  is    CHAP. 
"  kept  from  us.    Wherefore  we  request  ^our  honour   to  ^^^"^- 
"  help  our  poor  college,  as  before  this  time  you  have  holpen  Anno  1574, 
"  us,  (Almighty  God  reward  you  for  hyt,)  or  else  our  col- 349 
"  lege  had  been  utterly  destroyed  and  spoiled.    Whereas 
"  it  would  be  able  to  maintain  learned  men  to  the  help  of 
"  that  country.    And  this  ye  bind  us  to  be  your  daily  ora- 
"  tors;  and  also  of  al  those  that  helj)  to  the  ayd  therof. 
"  This  leaving  your  honour  to  Almighty  God. 

"  By  your  lordship's  ever  to  command, 
"  Thomas  Herle,  warden  of  Manchester." 

This  intercession  in  behalf  of  the  college  was  very  com- 
mendable in  the  warden.  Yet  not  long  after,  did  this  very 
warden  (if  I  mistake  not)  contribute  to  the  undoing  of  the 
college,  for  the  enriching  of  himself,  as  we  shall  read  under 
the  year  1576. 

Rafe  Lane,  a  great  soldier  in  these  times,  and  that  had  Rafe  Lane, 
served  the  queen  against  the  rebels  in  the  north,  and  of  JiJI"^-* '°'; 
considerable  abilities  otherwise,  and  of  reputation  with  the  '"S  to  serve 
lord  treasurer  and  earl  of  Leicester,  was  now  going  to  the  Turk.'*  ^''^ 
Spanish   army   that   was  raised   against  the  Turks.    This 
man  had  earnestly  affected  the  Levant  service  against  that 
enemy  of  Christendom :  and  for  that  purpose  to  gather  a 
regiment  of  his  own,  amounting  to  a  thousand  or  two  thou- 
sand men  ;   and  to  head  them  by  allowance  of  the  king  of 
Spain,  and  to  be  in  his  pay,  with  letters  from  the  queen. 
Whereupon  he  caused  somebody  to  ask  Anthony  Guerasse, 
that  king's  agent  here,  his  opinion.  If  any  bulk  of  English- 
men, being  of  service,  either  for  sea  or  land,  or  both,  were 
offered  unto  the  king  his  master,  from  hence,  whether  the    ' 
same  would  be  accepted  with  pay  or  not  ?    To  which  ques- 
tion, being  asked  the  said  Anthony,  his  answer  was  directly, 
"  That  if  the  same  might  be  with  her  majesty's  favour,  heTheSpa- 
"  knew  assuredly,  that  they  should  not  only  be  laro-ely  en-"''""''  '^'"- 

•       J    •  /»     1     •  in^  to  en- 

"  tertamed  m  respect  of  their  pays;  but  also  otherwise tertain  him 
"  most  honourably  used,  and  most  heartily  welcomed  by  the^jir*  ^^^ 
"  king.    Yea,  and  that  it  would  open  a  great  deal  of  kind- 

l1  3 


518       ANNALS  OF  THE  llEFORMATION 

BOOK    "  ness  between  those  two  great  princes,  her  majesty  and  the 
'•        "  Spaniard." 
Anno  1574.      Hereupon  Lane  entered  his  suit  unto  her  majesty  for 
Hath  the     ^^y^  years  leave  to  seek  his  own  adventure  by  service.  Which 
leave.  in  the  end   he  obtained  by  honourable  friends ;  obtainmg 

her  majesty's  letters,  dated  the  15th  of  January,  1574,  unto 
the  commendator  in  Flanders ;  testifying  her  majesty's  lik- 
ing unto  the  said  service  intended.  Upon  this,  he  made  his 
conditions  to  the  said  commendator :  which  were,  exemp- 
tion of  his  regiment  from  inquisition  :  authority  from  the 
king  of  absolute  punishment  of  all  offences  committed 
within  the  regiment :  authority  also  to  banish  all  our  Eng- 
lish rebels  or  fugitives  out  of  the  fellowship  of  his  regiment: 
also,  for  pay  and  impress.    Lastly,  for  return  in  security  of 

the  same. 
The  cMri  of       In  the  mean  time  the  earl  of  Leicester,  Lane's  friend,  ad- 

aiivicc  to     vised  him  to  take  heed  he  were  not  deceived  in  his  reckon- 
Lane.  hm I   oroundin"-  himself  to  furnish  up  any  sufficient  num- 

bers  of  men,  to  discharge  his  offers,  upon  the  bare  promises 
of  such  [disbanded  men,  serving  sometime  vmder  the  prince 
of  Orange.]    As,  if  they  should  break  touch  with  him,  he 
350  would  not  only  himself  be  ashamed,  but  also  thereby  even 
her   majesty   in   a  sort    touched ;  and    all    his   honourable 
friends  in  like  manner  dishonoured.    That  earl  alleged  him- 
self for  example ;  who  in  queen  Mary's  time,  upon  faithful 
promise  of  forty  gentlemen  imto  him,  the  said  king  of  Spain, 
sold  an  100  mark  land,  to  prepare  himself  for  the  service. 
And  in   the   end,  not  five  kept  any  touch  with  him.    He 
gave  him  warning  also  of  the  fault,  ordinary  to  this  nation  ; 
which  was,  in  a  strange  country  still  to  contend, 
riie  carl  of      The  queen  had  been  persuaded  by  the  said  earl  (who  fa- 
Dr  u^hon  vourcd  tliis  English  gentleman's  design)  to  write  to  the  com- 
to  further    meiidator.  And  so  he  signified  to  Dr.  Wylson  at  that  court, 
siiiess.         that  the  queen's  majesty,  at  suit  of  his  very  friend  Rafe 
Lane,  lier  servant,  was  purposed  to  grant  him  licence,  with 
certain  English   soldiers   under  his  conduct,   to  serve   the 
king  of  Spain  against  the  Turk  this  next  summer,  and  had 
at  this  present  written  to  signify  the  same  to  his  comnien- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  519 

dator;  meaning  shortly  to  write  to  the  king,  his  master,  to  CHAP, 
declare  unto  him  as  well  her  good  meaning  in  the  journey,  ^^^"^• 


as  also  the  great  care  she  had  to  favour  her  servant  in  so^nno  1574. 
godly  and  honourable  an  enterprise.  That  Mr.  Digby,  the 
bearer  of  his  letter,  was  sent  on  purpose  to  deliver  her  ma- 
jesty's letters  to  the  commendator ;  and  further  to  deal  with 
him  concerning  certain  articles,  to  be  agreed  upon  for  the 
regiment  in  the  voyage.  All, which,  and  the  whole  plot  and 
state  of  the  matter,  he  should  more  particularly  and  at  large 
declare  vmto  him.  The  earl  prayed  Wylson  to  hear  him, 
and  upon  his  information,  to  take  occasion  to  deal  effectu- 
ally with  the  commendator,  in  such  sort  as  he  should  think 
most  convenient  and  behoveful  for  the  furtherance  of  this 
intent.  Adding,  that  though  the  matter  itself  moved  him 
to  like  well  hereof,  yet  the  person  also  made  him  earnest  for 
him.  And  so  much  the  rather,  for  that  being  an  equerry, 
he  was  (as  Wylson  knew)  of  his  band.  He  very  heartily  de- 
sired him,  what  favour  he  could,  to  shew  effectually  herein ; 
and  would  heartily  thank  him  for  it.  Written  the  19th  of 
January,  1574. 

This  matter  was  so  nice,  and  so  suspicious,  to  have  any  Another  re- 
thing  to  do  with  the  Spaniard,  that  another  of  Lane's  PJ^^*^°[j*^''J^ 
friends,  viz.  Atye,  the  said  earPs  secretary,  gave  him  an- 
other caution ;  advertising  him,  at  the  bottom  of  the  same 
letter,  that  it  was  told  him,  that  the  rumour  was  spread  in 
divers  places,  that  his  power  that  he  levied  for  the  journey 
was  meant  to  do  service  against  the  prince  of  Orange.  That 
he  knew  the  truth  to  be  otherwise ;  but  that  it  was  said  to 
be  rumoured  by  Guarez  himself,  [the  agent,]  as  though  the 
queen's  majesty  and  his  master  were  now  upon  such  condi- 
tion agreed.  That  it  might  perhaps  serve  him  for  some 
purpose.  What  it  might  hinder  or  further  him,  [Mr.  Lane,] 
he  could  not  tell ;  but  because  it  was  credibly  told,  he 
thought  it  not  amiss,  with  occasion  of  wi-iting,  to  signify  unto 
him. 

What  I  have  further  to  shew  of  this  offered  exploit,  is 
from  Mr.  Lane's  own  pen,  in  some  sheets  of  paper,  with 

l14 


520       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    this  title,  A  viexv  of  my  proceedings  in  my  iniended  service, 
^'        by  the  favour  of' God,  cmd  gracious  leave  of  the  queoi's 


Anno  \b74.most  excellent  majesty,  J^'rom  my  first  entry  into  the  secret 

351  thereof,  imto  the  ^Ist  of  January,  1514!,  xtnth  the  copies  of 

my  letters  xoritten  unto  the  comrncndator :  the   articles  of 

my  offered  service ;  and  also  of  my  letters  ivritten  to  Mr. 

Dr.  Wylson  concerning  the  premises.    Which  I  refer  to  be 

[N".  XLI.]  read  in  the  Appendix. 

He  moves        Whether  any  thing  came  of  this  offer,  I  know  not :  it 
patd)  h*av-  ^^""g  f^r  six  months :  for  I  find  in  June,  that  Lane  moved 
ing  the        it  to  the  lord  treasurer ;  putting  him  in  mind,  that  upon 
^eave.          '^cr  majesty's  late  good  pleasure,  made  known  unto  him  by 
herself,  touching  her  gracious  liking  and  determination,  for 
a  trial   of  the   amendment    of  his   hard  past  fortune,  he 
should,  according  to  his  long  suit,  with  her  majesty's  good 
leave,  employ  himself  for  two  years,  in  iiis  desired  foreign 
service  against  the  common  enemy  of  Christendom,  under 
don  John  d'Austria.  And  that  he  had  requested  a  friend  with 
earnest  speeches  to  break  his  matter  to  Antonio  Guarasso : 
therewith  assuring  him  of  her  majesty "'s  good  liking  of  the 
same  from  her  majesty's  own  mouth  ;  and  so  reminding  the 
treasurer  of  what  had  been  transacted  in  that  business  be- 
fore, in  order,  as  it  seems,  to  the  bringing  it  to  effect. 
A  project         A  great  project  had  been  carrying  on   now  for  two  or 
of  turning   ^i^^gg  years,  of  alchvmy,  William  Medley  beinff  the  ffreat 

iron  into  •''  J      J '  J  o  o 

copper  now  undertaker,  to  turn  iron  into  copper.  Sir  Thomas  Smith, 
secretary  of  state,  had,  by  some  experiments  made  before 
him,  a  great  opinion  of  it.  And  for  the  better  carrying  it 
i)n,  and  bearing  the  expenses,  it  was  thought  fit  to  be  done 
by  a  corporation  :  into  which,  by  Smith's  encouragement, 
the  lord  Burghley  and  the  earl  of  Leicester  entered  them- 
selves, with  others :  each  member  laying  down  an  100/.  to 
Life  of  Sir  go  Of  with  it ;  as  hath  been  shewn  in  the  Life  of  Sir  Tho- 
T.  Sniuh,  j^^g  Smith.  But  the  tiling  underwent  delay,  till  in  Decem- 
ber this  year,  that  lord,  according  as  Smith  advised  him, 
for  his  better  satisfaction,  to  send  some  able  person  to  Med- 
ley, to  see  his  method,  and  by  discourse  to  understand  his 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  521 

ability,  sent  William  Humfrey,  assay-master  of  the  Tower    CHAP. 

mint,  and  a  chymist,  with  some  other  learned  in  that  science, ^_ 

to  see  what  Medley  could  do,  or  pretend  to.  Anno  1574. 

Accordingly,  one  night  there  was  a  meeting  of  him,  and  Some,  sent 
Mr.  Topcliff,  and  Medley,  before  sir  John  Ebots.    Then  Burghiey^, 
they  entered  into  discourse  of  the  bounds  of  metals  in  force  ^l^*^""  *"*<* 

*'  111-  discourse 

of  nature.  Humfrey  disliked  of  Medley ""s  undertakmgs ;  thereof, 
because  it  overreached  the  course  of  nature  in  metals. 
Which  by  great  and  mystical  experiences  hath  been  found, 
and  is  to  be  shewed  wonderful  [I  do  but  transcribe  from  a 
])aper  sent  in  to  the  lord  Burghley]  in  any  man^s  sight,  as 
well  by  calcination  as  by  distillation,  and  namely  by  corro- 
sive waters  of  distillation.  In  which  the  proper  natures  of 
metal  may  be  truly  judged  of,  so  far  as  is  limited  within 
the  compass  of  reason.  As  for  example,  gold  dissolved 
into  water  cannot  be  brought  to  the  chief  part  of  his  body 
again,  but  by  the  help  of  silver  and  quicksilver ;  and  that 
part  which  the  salts  hold  up,  and  do  keep  in  oil,  will  not 
settle,  nor  separate,  but  by  the  he|p  of  blood ;  so  that  it  be 
not  of  man  or  sheep.  Item,  Silver  dissolved  into  water,  is 
only  called  to  his  body  by  copper,  saving  a  small  part, 
which  is  fixed  with  the  spirit  t)f  salles  or  sea-water.  In  like 
manner,  copper  dissolved  into  water  is  to  be  called  to  his 
body  by  iron.  Nay,  iron  dissolved  into  water  is  to  be  called 
to  his  body  by  wood,  chiefly  of  oak.  And  if  any  of  these 
should  be  put  to  the  contrary  office,  as  gold  to  call  down  352 
silver,  &c.  they  can  do  nothing. 

Considering  these  limits  of  nature,  which  God  hath  or- 
dained in  metals,  it  may  appear  whether  this  be  beyond  all 
judgment  in  nature  or  not :  for  the  said  Mr.  Medley  af- 
firmed, that  there  was  no  copper  in  the  earth  before  it  be 
transmuted.  In  which  his  opinion,  I,  [the  abovesaid  assay- 
master,]  to  give  God  the  glory  of  his  creation,  affirmed  unto 
him,  that  I  durst  undertake  before  your  honour,  [the  lord 
treasurer  Burghley,]  to  draw  all  spirits  from  the  earthly 
substance ;  and  of  the  corps  remaining,  to  deliver  to  your 
lordship  the  copper  that  it  containeth,  without  the  help  of 
iron,  or  any  other  metal :  which  is  to  be  done  by  the  very 


522      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  natural  means  for  the  separation  of  spirits.  He  neverthe- 
___!__  less  denieth  that  by  that  means  copper  should  be  gotten. 
Anno  1574.  But  if  any  might  so  be  gotten,  it  would  be  a  very  small  pro- 
portion, to  the  substance  of  that  which  by  many  degrees  may 
be  transmuted  by  the  water  drawn  from  that  earth  :  for  he 
saith,  that  of  an  hundred  weight  of  earth  oftentimes  im- 
bibed, he  will  convert  more  iron  into  copper  than  an  hun- 
dred weight  cometh  to.  Which  to  be  done  with  rain  water, 
and  not  with  water  of  the  property  of  the  earth,  were  won- 
derful, to  surmount  the  principal  in  weight :  and  so  far  be- 
yond my  poor  knowledge  and  aim,  as  one  thing  may  be  from 
another. 

For  to  this  day  I  have  neither  read,  nor  proved  of  any 
feasible  knowledge,  that  ever  any  thing  would  deliver  a 
greater  weight  than  himself.  And  yet  I  have  some  apert 
arts  of  metals  and  salles  [salts]  not  common  to  the  world. 
Whereof  sundry  have  been  left  to  posterity  by  some  of  my 
kindred  for  many  years  together.  But  this  matter  is  beyond 
the  reason  of  all.  Nevertheless,  the  copper  which  is  brought 
into  this  croctim,  in  the  sight  of  that  right  worshipful  gentle- 
man, sir  John  Ebots,  being  simply  done,  as  by  his  report, 
appeareth,  is  so  rich  a  thing,  as  if  the  earth,  whereof  their 
transmuting  water  is  drawn,  would  yield  but  half  his  own 
weight  in  metal  of  copper,  considering  the  speedy  means  of 
bringing  it  to  metal,  it  is  the  richest  matter  that  in  all  mine- 
ral causes  hath  been  yet  revealed  to  this  state.  And  truly 
from  this  earth,  if  the  property  be  as  it  is  reported,  any 
young  man  of  good  entrance  to  metalline  actions  might 
learn  lessons  from  the  same  all  his  life  long. 

Mr.  Medley  promised  sir  John  Ebots  to  have  a  furnace 
ready  by  Saturday  ;  wherein  he  will  melt  simply  crocum  of 
itself.  Yet  that  will  so  fall  out  then  with  additament  of 
great  work  it  may  be  done  better.  But  he  seemed  to  be  ill- 
willing  to  let  me  see  it ;  and  complained  to  sir  John  Ebots, 
as  though  some  went  about  to  deprive  him  of  his  art  and 
labours.  Whereof  I  am  sure  it  is  not  your  lordship's  mind : 
iieither  by  my  good-will  would  I  be  made  an  instrument  to 
such  a  purpose,  though  your  honour  may  command  me,  so 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  523 

far  as  life  reacheth,  &c.     As  for  other  matters,  which  mine    CHAP. 

XXXIII 

ears  have  heard  of  tliis  earth,  rather  miraculous  than  com- 


prehensible  by  any  course  of  nature  in  metal  causes,  I  do  Anno  1574. 
doubt. 

But  March  was  now  come ;  and  yet  little  or  nothing  was  it  is  de- 
done  in  this  pretendedly  advantageous  project.    But  the  pre-  ^j,y  '  ^° 
tence  of  the  delay  was  the  great  expense  required  for  lead,  353 
iron,  cask,  workmen,  vessels,  housing,  building,  casting  up 
of  earth,  and  other  necessaries ;  which  the   undertaker  of 
himself  could  not  bear.    Therefore  the  said  earl  and  the  se- 
cretary, (who  were  earnest  in  it,)  and,  by  their  persuasion, 
the  lord  treasurer,  did  assist  with  round  sums  of  money. 
And  Smith  determined  to  send  down  his  servant  with  Med- 
ley, ready  to  go  doAvn  to  the  works ;  Avho  might  make  a  cal- 
culation, whether  it  would  turn  to  account.  Which  however 
they  themselves  were  in  some  doubt  of,  yet  were  resolved, 
upon  some  probabilities,  to  make  the  trial.    Wherein  how 
busy  and  diligent  sir  Tho.  Smith  was,  (who  had  a  head  that 
way,)  may  be  read  in  two  letters ;  which  I  have  placed  in 
the  Appendix  ;  not  only  to  give  some  light  into  this  project,  N°.  XLIII, 
but  also  to  preserve  what  memorials  may  be  retrieved  of  that 
great,  learned,  and  good  man ;  not  falling  under  my  hands 
when  I  writ  his  life. 

This  leadeth  me  to  say  something  that  occurreth  this  Dee  the 
year,  of  another  way  to  the  acquisition  of  vast  treasure,  un-  offgrTt  ™  ^ 
dertaken  by  John  Dee.    This  is  the  first  time  I  meet  with  discover 
the  mention  of  that  great  and  famous  English  mathemati- 
cian and  astronomer;  noted  throughout  the  world  for  his 
deep  knowledge  in  those  sciences.     He  Avas  the  son  of  Ro- 
land Dee,  a  servant  to  king  Henry  VIII.    Which  Roland 
had  received  some  hard  dealing ;  and  was  so  disabled  from 
leaving  his  son  due  maintenance.    This  year  I  find  the  said 
John  Dee  offering  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley,  by  his 
art,  to  discover  to  the  queen  where  treasure  was  concealed 
in  the  bowels  of  the  earth.    The  treasurer,  valuing  the  man 
for  his  learning,  had  vouchsafed,  in  the  midst  of  his  weighty 
business  of  state,  to  admit  him  to  conversation  with  him. 
AVhich  in  a  letter  he  thankfully  took  notice  of.    Which  let- 


524       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    ter  I  choose  to  set  down,  because  it  will  declare  much,  both 
^-        of  the  man,  his  learning,  and  of  his  offer :  and  will  preserve 

Anno  1 574.  some  notable  memorial  of  him.     See  it  exemplified  in  the 

N".  XLV.    Appendix. 

The  sum  whereof  was,  "  That  for  the  suit  he  would 
"  gladly  have  opened  to  the  lord  treasurer  by  word  of 
"  mouth,  he  desired  him  to  view  in  this  letter  a  pattern  of 
"  some  part  of  it,  viz.  so  much  of  his  intent  and  studious 
"  doinofs,  as  was  well  known  unto  his  honour,  and  the 
"  most  part  of  all  the  universities  in  Christendom,  (and 
"  further,)  that  for  twenty  years  past,  and  longer,  it  might 
"  truly  be  avouched,  that  he  had  a  marvellous  zeal,  en- 
*'  dured  great  travail  and  toil,  both  of  mind  and  body, 
"  spent  many  hundred  pounds,  only  for  the  attaining  some 
"  £rood  and  certain  knowledge  in  the  best  and  rarest  mat- 
"  ters,  mathematical  and  philosophical.  And  that  by  due 
"  conference  with  all  persons  that  ever  he  yet  met  with 
"  in  Europe,  the  poor  English  Briton  [meaning  himself] 
"  had  carried  away  the  bell  :  for  which  he  gave  God  the 
"  gloi'y-  That  the  same  zeal  remained,  yea  rather,  was 
"  grown  greater ;  but  that  his  abihty,  in  respect  of  charges, 
"  was  far  less.  And  that  somewhat  occasioned  his  suit,  (for 
"  procuring  speedy  means  of  good  knowledge.)  upon  no 
"  small  hopes  that  some  needful  support  would  be  for  him 
"  devised,  through  the  good  favour  the  queen  bore  to  him, 
*'  or  through  the  procurement  of  some  of  the  right  honour- 
"  able  counsellors ;  who  by  some  hard  dealijig,  his  father, 
354  "  servant  to  her  majesty's  father,  was  disabled  from  leaving 
^  him  due  maintenance,  &c.  That  in  zeal  to  the  best  learn- 
"  in"-  and  knowledge,  and  incredible  toil  in  body  and  mind 
"  for  many  years,  therefore  only  endured,  he  knew  most 
"  assuredly  that  the  learned  never  bred  any  man  whose 
"  account  therein  could  be  greater  than  his,  &c.  That  he 
"  had,  for  twenty  years  space,  sundry  matters  [about  trea- 
"  sure  hid  in  the  ground]  detected  to  him  in  sundry  lands. 
"  That  he  had  been  sued  unto  by  simdry  sorts  of  people; 
"  who,  some  of  them  by  vehement  dreams  reiterated ;  some 
"  by  visions;  others  by  speech  formed  to  their  imaginations 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  5^5 

"  in  the  night,  had  been  informed  of  certain  places  where    CHAP. 
"  treasure  lay  hid.    And  these  would  not  deal  further  in  *  ' 


"search,  for   some  reasons,  till   he    should   encovirage  or  Anno  1574. 
"  counsel  them  to  proceed.    But  that  he  would  never  in- 
"  termeddle,  &c.    That  he  made  it  always  his  chief  reckon- 
"  ing  to  do  nothing  but  what  might  stand  with  the  profes- 
"  sion  of  a  true  Christian  and  of  a  faithful  subject. 

"  But  that  if,  besides  all  books,  dreams,  visions,  reports, 
"  and  the  virgula  divina,  by  any  other  natural  means,  and 
"  likely  demonstrations  of  sympathia  et  antipathia  rerum^ 
"  or  by  attraction  or  repulsion,  the  places  might  be  descried 
"  or  discovered,  where  gold,  silver,  or  better  matter  did  lie 
"  hid  within  certain  distance  ;  how  great  a  commodity  should 
"  it  be  for  the  queen,  and  the  common  wealth  of  this  king- 
"  dom,  if  by  such  a  secret  it  might  be  deciphered  in  precise 
"  place.  And  also  where  in  this  land  any  mines  or  veins  of 
"  silver  and  gold  ore  are  naturally  planted.  And  he  pro- 
"  mised  to  discover  such  a  certain  mine  in  some  place  of  her 
*'  majesty's  kingdom,  for  her  only  use :  upon  this  con- 
"  sideration,  that  she  would  give  him,  by  her  letters  pa- 
"  tents,  her  right  and  propriety  in  all  treasure  trouve,  by 
"  digging  in  any  of  her  kingdoms."  The  rest  I  refer  to  the 
letter. 

And  being  a  man   studious  of  antiquities,  he  had  dis-  Dee  disco- 

,  1  /.  -J?  •       ^  vers  ancient 

covered  another  sort  01  treasure,  viz.  01  many  ancient  re-  records  in 
cords,  in  an  old  chapel  in  or  near  Wigmore  castle,  and  for-  Wigmore 
merly  belonging  to  the  abbot ;  which  had  lain  there  rotting  pei. 
and  tossed  about  unregarded.    In  the  perusal  of  these  pa- 
pers he  was  desirous  to  bestow  some  of  his  leisure  time,  by 
way  of  recreation,  expecting  to  collect  thence  some  histori- 
cal matters,  either  of  chi'onicle  or  pedigree.    And  therefore  Mr.  Hariy, 
requested  a  letter  from   the  lord  treasurer  to  Mr.  Harly,  the'l-e'cords 
keeper  of  the  records  of  that  castle,  to  permit  him  to  resort  there, 
thither ;  promising  the  said  lord  to  give  him   account  of 
whatsoever  he  should  find  there  worthy  his  knowledge,  and 
particularly  any  thing  relating  to  his  lordship's  family. 

This  John  Dee,  (that  I  may  bring  more  of  his  story  to-  instructions 
gether,)  in  May,  anno  1580,  wrote  instructions  for  the  north-  ^"^^^^^^^^^  ^ 

passage. 


5^6      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


ROOK 
I. 

Anno  1574, 


Dee's  dis- 
course of 
reforming 
the  vulgar 
calendar : 
read  over 
by  the  lord 
treasurer. 


355 


His  judg- 
ment tiiere- 
of. 


east  passage  to  China,  delivered  to  the  two  masters,  Charles 
Jaekman  and  Arthur  Pett,  at  the  court  day,  May  17, 
holden  at  the  Moscovy  house  in  London.  With  which  in- 
structions a  new  chart,  made  by  his  hand,  was  given  also 
to  each  of  them,  expressing  their  Cathay  voyage  more  ex- 
actly than  any  yet  published. 

He  did  also  soon  after  write  a  very  learned  discourse 
about  the  reformation  of  the  calendar.  And  asserted  therein 
eleven  days  to  be  added  to  the  calendar  rather  than  ten, 
according  to  the  Gregorian  reformation  of  it.    This  dis- 
course did  the  lord  Burghley  in  his  retirement  read  over  in 
the  year  1583,  and  gave  the  following  account  thereof  in 
writing,  (being  absent  from  court,)  to  his  son  Robert  Ce- 
cil ;  and  to  be  by  him,  as  it  seems,  imparted  to  the  queen ; 
with  the  effect  of  his  discourse  with  the  author  himself. 
"  I  have  perused  Mr.  Dee's  book  concerning  his  opinion 
for  the  reformation  of  the  old  Roman  calendar.    And  I 
have  conferred  also  by  speech  with  him  at  good  lengtli 
thereon.    And  I  find  his  judgment  resolute  for  the  error 
and  inconvenience,  to  have  it  continual,  [that  is,  to  keep 
to  our  old  way  of  reckoning  the  year.]    But  he  diftereth 
in  the  quantity  of  the  error :  for  he  hath  many  proofs  by 
demonstration  astronomical,  that  the  superfluous  number 
of  days  to  be  abridged  arc  eleven,  where  the  Gregorian 
judgment  makes  them  to  be  but  ten.     I  am  not  skilful  in 
the  theoricks,  to  discern  the  points  and  minutes;  but  yet 
I  am  inclined  to  think  him  in  the  right  line :  for  I  find  he 
maketh  his  root  from  the  very  point  of  the  nativity  of 
Christ,  in  the  meridian  of  Bethlehem.    And  the  Romans 
have  made  their  root  from   the  time  of  the  coinicil  of 
Nice.  And  according  to  that,  they  may  make  their  opinion. 
But  by  Mr.  Dee  it  appcareth,  the  error  in  computation 
grew  between  the  radix  of  Chrisfs  nativity  and  the  cele- 
bration of  the  Nicene  council.    Which  he  proveth  by  a 
great  number  of  good  authorities;  such  as  I  think  the 
Romanists  cannot  deny. 

"  It  were  good,  in  mine  opinion,  (whereunto  he  also  coii- 
'  scnteth,)  that  by  her  majesty's  order  some  skilful  men  in 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  527 

"  this  science,  as  Mr.  Diggs,  and  others,  to  be  called  out  of   CHAP. 

"  the  universities,  might  peruse  his  work,  and  confer  the  ^^^"'^- 

"  thing  by  speech.   And  though  he  discovereth  the  ten  days  Anno  1574. 

"  to  be  insufficient,  yet  he  yieldeth,  for  conformity,  with 

"  the  rest  of  the  world,  to  assent  to  the  reformation  of  our 

"  English  calendar,  with  the  abridgment  of  ten  days  only ; 

"  so  as  the  truth  be  denounced  to  the  world,  that  it  ouerht 

"  to  be  eleven  days.    Hoping  that  the  truth  will  draw  the 

"  Romanists,  and  the  other  parts  of  Christendom,  to  take 

"  out  of  their  calendar  hereafter  the  same  odd  day.     There 

"  appeareth  great  cause  to  have  this  conference  accelerated. 

"  For  that  it  is  requisite  for  a  secret  matter  to  be  reformed 

"  before  November.    So  as  either  every  month,  from  March 

"  to  November,  may  bear  equal  defalcation,  or  else  some 

"  one  month  bear  the  whole.     Thus  much  I  thought  good 

"  briefly  to  deliver  you  mine  opinion." 

A  few  contents  of  this  famous  book  may  be  collected  from  Four  asser- 
certain  notes,  Mr.  Cecil,  the  lord  treasurer's  son,  took  outu"?'"""*^ 

.  '  book,  noted 

of  It.  Settmg  down  (as  I  take  it  from  his  MS.)  four  strange  by  Mr.  Rob. 
points  therein  laid  down.  I.  The  great  declination  of  the  ^''"'' 
sun  is  yearly  changeable.  Which  was  in  Christ's  time  more 
northerly  and  southerly,  than  now  it  is,  by  twenty-four 
prime  minutes  of  a  degree.  II.  The  prick  in  the  heaven, 
where  the  sun  is  the  highest,  called  apog(Eiim,  hath  varied. 
For  in  Christ's  time,  it  was  about  the  fifth  degree  of  Ge- 
mini. And  so  twenty-five  degrees  before  the  beginning  of 
Cancer.  And  now  it  is  past  the  8th  degree  of  Cancer, 
about  fifty-five  minutes.  III.  The  third  is  the  alteration  of 
the  sun's  distance  from  the  centre  of  the  earth.  For  the  3 56 
eccentricicle  of  the  sun  is  less  than  it  was  in  Christ's  time  by 
106  parts.  And  now  the  sun  being  in  the  ninth  degree  of 
Cancer,  he  is  nearer  the  earth  than  he  was  in  Clirist's  time 
by  1199  of  our  miles.  IV.  The  fourth  point  is,  the  altera- 
tion of  the  fixed  stars,  declining  to  the  east  more  than  in 
former  times,  although  they  keep  their  own  mutual  dis- 
tance.   This  for  Dee. 

There  came  forth  this  year  a  proclamation  for  regulating  Tiie  queen 

issiieth  a 


528       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    apparel:  which  by  tliis  time  grew  to  be  so  excessive  and 
costly,  that  the  queen  thought  fit  now  (as  she  had  done  two 


Anno  1574. or  three  times  before)  to  retrench  it;  and  to  oblige  her  sub- 
tiim  aciiiiist  J^^^^  ^^  morc  tlirift  in  their  clothes.  It  hath  this  preamble, 
excess  in  (shewing  the  evil  of  wearing  sumptuous  apparel  ;)  "  That 
"  excess  of  apparel,  and  the  superfluity  of  unnecessary  fo- 
"  reign  wares  thereto  belonging,  now  of  late  years  was 
"  grown  by  sufferance  to  such  an  extremity,  that  the  mani- 
"  fest  decay  not  only  of  a  great  part  of  the  wealth  of  the 
"  whole  realm  generally  was  like  to  follow,  by  bringing  the 
"  realm  such  superfluity  of  silks,  cloths  of  gold,  silver,  and 
"  other  most  vain  devices,  of  so  great  cost  for  the  quantity 
"  thereof,  as  of  necessity  the  money  and  treasure  of  the 
"  realm  is  and  must  be  yearly  conveyed  out  of  the  same, 
"  to  answer  the  said  excess ;  but  also  particularly  the  wast- 
"  ing  and  undoing  of  a  great  number  of  young  gentlemen  ; 
*'  men  otherwise  serviceable  ;  and  others,  seeking  by  show 
"  of  apparel  to  be  esteemed  as  gentlemen :  who,  allured  by 
"  the,  vain  show  of  those  things,  did  not  only  consume 
"  themselves,  their  goods  and  lands,  which  their  ])arents 
"  had  left  unto  them,  but  also  ran  into  such  debts  and 
"  shifts,  as  thev  could  not  live  out  of  danger  of  laws,  with- 
"  out  attempting  of  unlawful  actions :  whereby  they  were 
"  not  any  ways  serviceable  unto  their  country,  as  otherwise 
"  they  might  have  been.  Which  great  abuses  tm-ning  both 
"  to  so  manifest  a  decay  of  the  wealth  of  the  realm,  and  to 
"  the  ruin  of  a  multitude  of  serviceable  young  men,  and 
"  gentlemen,  and  of  many  good  families : 

"  The  queen  therefore  had,  of  her  own  princelv  wisdom, 
*'  so  considered  these  inconveniencies  and  evils,  that  she  had 
"  of  late,  with  great  charge  to  her  council,  commanded  the 
"  same  to  be  presently  and  speedily  remedied,  both  in  her 
"  own  court,  and  in  all  other  places  of  her  realm,  according 
"  to  sundry  good  laws  heretofore  provided."  At  the  end  of 
this  proclamation  are  set  down  the  brief  contents  of  certain 
clauses  of  the  statutes  of  king  Henry  VIII.  and  queen 
Mary,  about  apparel,  with  some  moderation  thereof,  to  be 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  529 

observed,  according  to  a  former  proclamation  in  the  first    CHAP, 
year  of  her  reign.    For  which  the  reader  may  have  recourse  ^^ 


to  tlie  Appendix.  Anno  1574. 

The  reahn  was  so  apt  to  transgress  in  this  point,  and  so  ^""  ^^^^• 
much  affected  gayetyin  apparel,  that  before  this,  in  the  eighth  prodama- 
ycar  of  the  queen's  reign,  dated  at  Greenwich,  February  12,  ''""/""^  ^^' 
1565,  she  set  fortii  a  proclamation  for  apparel.     And  here 
the  preamble  was,   "  That  she  considered  the  extremities 
"  that  a  great  number  of  her  subjects  was  grown  to  by  ex-  . 
"  cess  in  apparel,  both  contrary  to  the  laws  of  the  realm, 
"  and  to  the  disorder  and  confusion  of  the  degrees  of  all 
*'  states ;  wherein  all  diversity  of  apparel  hath  taken  place  ; 
"  and  finally,  to  the  subversion  of  all  good  order,  by  reason  35/ 
"  of  remissness  and  impunity." 

To  which  I  may  add  another  proclamation  to  the  same  And  others 

.  -  f-ww       -1  -IT-  />  •  1  '^'^  *^'"^  same 

intent,  anno  1577,  with  certani  additions  01  exceptions;  and  i„tent. 
another,  anno  1579,  22  Eliz.  entitled,  A  proclamation  with 
certain  clauses  of  divers  statutes,  and  other  necessary  addi- 
tio7is ;  first  published  in  the  \Qth  year  of  the  queen,  and 
nozv  revived  by  her  hig-hness^s  commandment,  to  be  put 
in  execution  upon  the  penalties  in  the  same  contained.  And 
yet  another  in  the  30th  year  of  her  reign,  anno  1588,  or  ra- 
ther a  declaration  of  her  will  and  command,  to  have  certain 
laws  and  orders  put  in  execution  against  excess  of  apparel ; 
notified  by  her  commandment,  in  the  Star-chamber,  Feb. 
12.  It  is  called  there,  ^w  intolerable  abuse,  grown  to  an 
immeasurable  disorder. 

Sir  William  Pickring,  knt.  died  this  year:  whom  I  men- Sir  William 
tion,  as  being  one  of  the  finest  gentlemen  of  this  age,  for  his  jj'yj.  ""^ 
worth  in  learning,  arts,  and  warfare ;  and  who  was  once  in 
nomination  to  marry  queen  Elizabeth.  His  father  was  sir 
William  Pickering,  knt.  marshal  to  king  Henry  VIII. 
"  This  his  son  was  a  person  nobly  endowed  in  body  and 
"  mind.  Literis  excultus,  et  religione  sincerns.  Linguas 
"  exacte  percalluit.  He  served  four  princes,  viz.  Henry 
"  VIII.  Edward  VI.  queen  Mary,  and  queen  Elizabeth. 
"  To  the  first  he  served  in  the  wars ;  to  the  second  he  was 
"  ambassador  to  the  court  of  France  ;  to  the  third,  viz,  to 

VOL.  II.  >t  m 


530       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

15  00K    "  ([uccn  Mary,  he  served  in  an  embassy  into  Germany  ;  and 
*■        "to  queen  Elizabeth  summis  qfficiis  devotissimus.''''     This 


Anno  1574.  was  Written  on  his  tombstone  in  the  church  of  St.  Helen's, 
London.     In  which  parish  Pickring-house  was :  where  he 
lived,    and   was  buried  thence:    age  5S.       His   executors 
were  sir  Thomas  Heneage,   knt.   treasurer  of  the  queen's 
chamber;  John  Asteley,  esq.  master  of  the  queen's  jewels; 
Drue  Drury,  and  Tho.  Wotton,  esqrs.  who  set  up  a  goodly 
monument  for  him. 
Wolf,  tiie        To  which  I  join  Reginald  Wolf,  a  German  by  birth,  a 
dies.    *       very  famous  and  skilful  printer  for  many  years  in  London ; 
who  died  in  November  this  year.     A  learned  and  a  good 
man.     He  was  employed  in  printing  several  of  archbishop 
Cranmer's  books,  and  most  of  the  public  orders  and  books 
for  religion  in  the  times  of  Henry  VIII.  king  Edward,  and 
queen  Elizabeth.     Bishop  Parkhurst,  in  a  letter  to  Gualter, 
concerning  the  death  of  this  Wolf,  calleth  him,  bibliopola- 
rum  Londinensiumjlos.    He  lived  in  St.  Paul's  church-yard, 
at  the  sign  of  the  Brasen  Serpent.     He  was  printer  to  the 
queen,  and  a  citizen  of  great  esteem  and  reputation.     Sir 
William  Cecil  took  particular  notice  of  him,  and  favoured 
him ;  and  so  did  Parker,  archbishop  of  Canterbury.     For 
twenty-five  years  he  laboured  in  compiling  and  preparing, 
His  Cosmo- in  order   to  the  publishing,  an   Universal  Cosmography; 
grapiy.       ^^^  therewith  certain  particular  histories  of  every  known 
nation.     And  he  had  several  learned  men  to  assist  him  in 
Epist.de.ii-  this  Avork,  and  to  peruse  the  collections  that  he  made.     Ra- 
iTus'he'd"''"  P^iael  Holinshed  was  one  of  them.     And  so  far  did  the 
Chronic,      said  Wolf  proceed  in  this  nobly  designed  work,  that  little 
wanted  of  the  accomplishment  thereof,  when  he  died.     By 
his  decease  no  hope  remained  to  see  that  performed,  which 
he  had  so  long  travailed  in.     Those  he  put  in  trust  to  dis- 
pose of  his  concerns  after  his  departure,  willed  the   said 
358  Holinshed  to  continue  his  endeavour  for  the  furtherance 
of  the  aforesaid  work.     And  Wolf  himself  left  it  to  his  care 
to  see  it  brought  to  some  perfection.     But  the  volume  grew 
so  great,  that  the  executors  were  afraid  to  defray  the  charges 
of  the  impression.     And  so  Holinshed  did   retrench  and 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  531 

contract  his  designs,  to  the  history  of  England,  Scotland,    CHAP, 
and  Ireland,  only.  ^^^"^- 


The  histories  that  he  gathered  for  this  end,  he  conferred,  Aiwo  1574. 
as  he  tells  his  reader,  the  greatest  part  with  Wolf,  in  his  life-  ^gi'"'  •  ^ 
time,  to  his  liking  :  who  had  procured  him  so  many  helps  to  ed  him. 
the  furtherance  thereof,  that  he  was  loath  to  omit  any  thing 
that  might  increase  the  reader''s  knowledge ;  which  was  the 
cause  of  the  largeness  of  the  book.     In  his  chronology  he 
followed  Functius,  according  to  the  advice  and  direction  also 
of  the  said  Wolf. 

I  shall  conclude  this  year  with  the  mention  of  a  message,  The  protes- 
sent  to  the  queen  in  the  month  of  December,  from  some  ^^^^  to'thr 
protestant  princes  in  Germany,  by  their  agent  Petrus  Da- queen, 
thenus:  offering  her  certain  propositions,  for  the  common 
safety  of  them  and  their  religion,  and  (as  those  princes 
added)  highly  necessary  for  the  Christian  state.  It  seems 
to  have  been  concerning  entering  into  an  alliance,  to  which 
they  invited  the  queen.  The  lord  treasurer  being  now  laid 
up  with  the  gout,  the  messenger  sent  the  same  propositions 
to  him  by  Mr.  H.  Killegrew,  with  their  letter.  By  which 
letter  those  princes  exhorted  him  to  move  the  queen  in  the 
said  matters  ;  and  that  it  would  be  an  office  most  grateful  to 
God  and  the  Christian  world,  and  most  useful  to  this  king- 
dom especially,  and  worthy  of  immortal  glory  to  posterity. 
And  by  another  letter  written  to  that  lord  by  Dathenus,  in 
the  same  month,  he  prayeth  him,  that  he  would  advise  her 
majesty  that  which  might  be  favourable  to  the  protestant 
princes ;  which  would  also  be  advantageous  to  the  interest  of 
religion. 


M  m  2 


532       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  CHAP.  XXXIV. 

A  parliament :  and  convocation.     The  troubles  of  the  hl- 

Anno  1575.  ^/^q/j  qfElij,Jbr  the  preserving  of  the  revenues  of  his  see. 
*^9  His  excellent  letter  to  the  queen  thereupon;  and  to  Dr. 
Masters  ;  and  to  the  lord  treasurer,  upon  articles  of  ac- 
cusation preferred  against  him  to  the  queen  and  council. 
The  malice  and  slandeis  of  them.  His  satisfactory  an- 
szvers.  Coynes  up  to  ansioer  before  the  council.  The 
lord  treastirer  his  friend.  Reconciles  him  to  the  queen. 
The  case  of  Downham  parh ;  claimed  by  the  lord  North, 
J)-om  the  bishop.,  upon  account  of  an  old  lease. 

A  pariia-      _L  HE   parliament  was  now  sitting  in  the  months  of  Fe- 
A  bill  about  bruary  and  March,  18  Ehzabeth.    What  was  done  there  of 
religion,      pohtical  matters,  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  other  historians, 
and  especially  to  D'Ewes"*  Complete  Journal  of  that  queen's 
parliaments.     But  some  particulars  relating  thereunto  may 
deserve  to  be  mentioned,  as  I  gather  them  from  some  pri- 
vate letters  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury  from  his  two  sons, 
Gilbert  and  Francis,  then   members  of  the  lower  house ; 
shewing,  "  how  there  was  at  this  time  a  great  resort  from 
"  all  places  thither,  [to  the  court,]  and  that  notwithstand- 
"  ing,  all  things  were  in  such  quiet,  that,  besides  matters  of 
"  j)arlianient,  they  knew  nothing  worth  advertising  him  of."" 
That  there  was  a  bill  in  the  higher  house  to  this  import ; 
"  That  whosoever  would  not  receive  the  communion,  and 
"  come  to  church,  should  pay  yearly  a  certain  sum  of  money. 
Febr.  20.     "  But  that  it  was  not  yet  come  down  to  their  house.     That 
"  as  for  the  rest  of  the  bills,  except  that  of  the  subsidy, 
"  they  were  matters  of  no  great  moment,  though  they  wei-e 
"  for    the  reformation  of  abuses."      This  parliament  was 
prorogued  on  the  15th  of  Mai-ch  to  the  5th  of  November. 
"  Where,  after  the  lord  keeper's  answer  to  Bell  the  speaker's 
"  oration,  [the  import  whereof  was  an  earnest  motion  to  her 
Epist.  Com.  "  majesty  to  marry,]  she  herself  made  a  very  eloquent  and 
0(fic!"Ar- '   "  grave  oration,  which  (as  those  gentlemen  expressed  it  to 
mor.  u  xhQ  earl  in   their  letter)  was  as  well   uttered  and  pro- 

"  noiniced  as  it  was  possible  for  any  creature  to  do.""    And 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  533 

therefore  pity  it  is,  that  it  remains  not  on  record,  as  some  of  CHAP, 
her  speeches  do,  either  in  the  Journal  of  parhament,  or  in   ^^^^^• 


D'Ewes'  supplies   of  many  deficiencies  there,  by  the  neg- Anno  1575. 
lects  of  the  clerks  of  both  houses  in  that  queen's  reign.    Nor 
doth  he  himself  so  much  as  make  any  mention  of  this  notable 
speech. 

The  convocation  at  this  time  of  parliament,  sitting,  framed  The  convo- 
articles,  fifteen  in  number,  touching  the  admission  of  apt  fr^ame'arti- 
persons  to  the  ministry,  and  for  the  establishing  of  good*^'*'^' 
orders  in  the  church  ;  which  were  published  by  the  queen's 
authority.     And  though  they  are  not  in  bishop  Sparrow's 
Collection  of  Articles,  Injunctions,   &c.  yet  they  may  be 
found  in  the  Life  of  Archbishop  Grindal.  ^"'^^  "^  ^'- 

T        -11  •  1  1  nil  shop  Grin- 

It  Will  m  part  shew  the  state  of  the  church  m  these  times,  dai,  p.  194. 

to  observe  the  labours  used  by  many  great  men,  to  get  some360 

of  the  manors  and  revenues  of  the  sees  from  the  bishops ;  ^f'^^iy'-f  °^ 

by  applying  themselves  to  the  queen,  requiring  them  either  troubles  for 

to  make  exchanges,  or  to  grant  long  leases,  or  else  to  make  h[sTe"e- ^ 

them  grant  away  some  parts  thereof ;  and  so  to  impoverish  ""''*• 

their  sees.     This  year  the  ancient  good  bishop  of  Ely  (who 

had  deserved  passing  well  of  learning  and  of  the  church, 

both  in  the  days  of  king  Henry  and  king  Edward)  met  with 

great  trouble  on  this  occasion  from  the  lord  North,  and  Mr. 

Christopher  Hatton,  vice-chamberlain  to  the  queen,  and  her 

favourite. 

This  gentleman  had  lately  desired  the  bishop's  house  in  Mr.  Hatton 

Holborn  by  lease.     And  it  seems  had  also  got  a  letter  to  '^"•^^^^■°"''* 


to  get  a 


the  bishop  in  favour  thereof:  but  the  bishop  excused  it,  and  lease  of  his 
urged,  in  all  the  best  terms  he  could,  that  he  could  not  be  London? 
without  his  house  when  he  should  come  up  to  London.  Nor 
could  he  be  so  injurious  to  his  successors,  as  it  might  prove 
after  his  decease ;  which  could  not  be  long.  Yet  ofl^ering  to 
do  for  him  whatsoever  he  conveniently  might,  and  would 
gladly  tender  it  to  him ;  especially,  because  the  queen  had 
made  so  good  choice  of  him  to  attend  her  person. 

But  when  nothing  afterwards  would  serve,  but  that  the  The  bishop 
whole  seat  of  the  bishops  of  Ely,  in  Holborn,  must  be  alien-  alienate 
ated  and  passed  away  by  him  to  the  said  Hatton,  (who,  by  Kiy-house 

M  m  3 


534       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    his  favour  with  the  queen,  had  obtained  her  letter  for  that 
^*        purpose,)  this  created  him  a  new  trouble ;  nor  herein  could 


Anno  1575. he  comply.     And  by  a  Latin  letter,  in  an  elegant  style, 
His  letter    jj^ixed  with  cogent  reasons,  from  that  trust  that  was  com- 
queen.        mitted  to  him,  when  he  was  made  bishop,  and  the  wrong  he 
should  do  to  the  see,  and  his  successors,  he  humbly  sug- 
gested to  the  queen  his  refusal ;  importing,  "  That  her  ma- 
"  jesty's  letter  did  not  a  little  disturb  and  terrify  hira.     For 
"  that  which  he  at  first  feared,  when  he  granted  a  part  of 
"  his  house  for  some  years  to  Mr.  Hatton,  w^as  now  plainly 
"  come  to  pass.    And  confessing,  that  his  predecessors  were 
•'  more  constant  than  he.    For  her  royal  father,  king  Henry 
"  VIII.  obtained  not  Ely-house  for  Wriothesly,  his  chan- 
"  cellor,   only   for  a    time.     Nor  could  the   mighty  duke 
"  of  Northumberland  drive  the  bishop  from  his  house  in 
"  that  time ;  nor  had  he   (the  present  bishop)  yielded  his 
"  said  house  to  her  servant,  Parris,  however  she  had  for- 
"  merly  requested  it.    But  at  last,  wearied  with  prayers,  he 
"  had  let  a  part  of  it  for  twenty-one  years  unto  her  servant 
"  Hatton,  lest  he  might  seem  to  be  guilty  of  ingratitude 
"  towards  her  majesty.     But  that  since  now  it  was  required, 
"  that  he  should  grant  it  away  for  ever,  and  other  things 
"  hkewise  appendant  to  it,  to  these  it  was  hard  for  him 
"  to  yield."     He  added,  "  He  sailed  between  Scylla  and 
"  Charybdis:  that  he  could  have  wished  rather  to  die,  (God 
"  he  called  to  witness,)  than  deservedly  to  offend  her  ma- 
"  jesty  ;  but  if  we  rashly  offend  our  God,  a  second  death 
"  were  to  be  feared.""     And  so  the  bishop  went  on  at  large, 
excusine  himself  to  her  in  this  demand.     But  I  leave  the 
N".  XLVII.  whole  letter  in  the  Appendix ;  which   cannot  be  read  but 
with  much  pleasure  and  satisfaction  :  concluding,  that  to  a 
perpetual  alienation  of  that  his  house,  his  fearful  conscience 
could  never  yield.     It  was  dated  from  Ely-house. 
361      Again,  some  noblemen,  and,  among  the  rest,  the  chief  was 
^"^^'"'  .    the  lord  NorUi,  endeavoured  to  fleece  this  bishopric.     The 

lord  North  "  i         i   •      \x        -xk^k. 

other  ma-  last  named  got  letters  from  the  queen,  dated  in  May  1575, 
to  the  bishop,  to  part  with  the  manor  and  lands  of  Somer- 
sham,  one  of  the  best  manors  of  the  bishopric.     And  by 


nors. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  535 

fretting:  a  lease  of  one  of  the  bishop's  tenants,  claimed  Down-    CHAP. 

.  .  .  XKXIV 

ham-park,  another  part  of  his  revenues ;  and  was  like  vio-  J_^__i_ 
lently  to  enter  into  possession  of  it.     And  because  the  bi- Anno  1575. 
shop  would  not  yield,  and  professed  that  he  could  not  in 
conscience  betray  that  which  was  intrusted  to  him,  and 
wrong  the  church  of  God,  the  angry  and  fierce  lord  endea- 
voured to  draw  the  queen's  indignation  upon  him,  for  his 
humble  letter  of  refusal  to  her,  and  other  sinister  informa- 
tions ;  which  we  shall  hear  of  by  and  by.     Nor  did  this  at- 
tempt against  him  pacify  him ;    but  further,  he  caused  a 
great  number  of  articles  to  be  drawn  up  against  him,  the 
bishop,  as  some  great  criminal,  for  him  to  answer  before  the 
privy    council.     When   these   articles   of  accusation    were  He  accuses 
brought  to  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley,  he  communicated  j^  divers 
them    to   secretary  Walsingham :   who  both  were   of   this  "Nicies. 
judgment,  that  if  the  articles  were  personal,  as  about  his 
covetousness,  ill  housekeeping,  &c.  the  fault  was  rather  to 
light  upon  him,  than  that  the  see  should  suffer  for  it,  as  the 
secretary  wrote  well  in  his  letter  to  that  lord,  when  he  sent 
him  the  principal  matters  wherewith  the  bishop  was  to  be 
charged,  and  by  whom.     "  I  am,"  said  he,  "  of  your  lord- 
"  ship's  opinion,  that  if  he  [the  bishop]  be  found  guilty,  the 
"  penalty  must  light  upon  him,  and  not  upon  the  see." 

But  let  us  see  the  process  of  this  business.     First,  the  The  bi- 
w^ronged  bishop  having  received  her  majesty's  letter  above  ^g^  to  the 
said,  (wrote  in  May,  not  received  by  him  till  the  18th  of  i"«^"- 
June,)  returned  a  very  earnest,  wise,  and  godly  answer  on 
the  same  day,  penned  with  all  submission ;  and  yet  shewing 
plainly  to  her  the  danger  of  sacrilege,  and  cautioning  her  of 
drawing  sin  upon  herself  by  such  fleecing  of  the  church. 
In  which  letter  (which  was  written  in  Latin)  he  thus  ad- 
dressed to  her  ;  "  That  her  majesty  had  seriously  requested 
"  him  to  make  a  demise  of  the  lands  in  Somersham.     This 
"  he  acknowledged  put  him  into  fear  and  doubt  what  to  do. 
"  That  if  he  should  not  answer  the  desire  of  so  great  a 
"  prince  and  queen,  that  had  so  many  ways  merited  of  him, 
"  he  might  be  esteemed  ungrateful,  and  draw  on  himself  an 
"  indignation  heavier  than  death  itself     And  again,  if  he 

M  m  4 


536       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  sliould  deny  their  request  and  desire,  who  with  so  much 
"  solicitation  had  obtained  these  letters  from  her  majesty, 


Anno  i57r). "  they  would  take  it  very  grievously,  and  accuse  him  of  in- 
"  gratitude  and  stubbornness,  and  would  not  cease  to  draw 
"  him  into  her  highness"'s  hatred.  And  on  the  other  side,  if 
"  he  should  grant  that  which  they  desired,  he  should  greatly 
"  injure  and  wrong  both  himself  and  his  successors  ;  and  so 
"  he  should  be  esteemed  unjust,  if  he  should  yield  to  their 
*'  unjust  desires.  That  in  this  matter  some  noblemen  had 
"  of  late  tried  him,  both  by  entreaty,  money,  and  friends, 
"  to  overcome  him ;  but  hitherto  he  had  held  out  uncon- 
"  quered. 

"  But  that  now,  when  they  came  to  try  their  last  effort, 
"  he  was  forced  to  fly  to  his  last  refuge ;  that  is,  to  his  hum- 
"  ble  prayers.  Wherefore^  (as  he  then  proceeded  to  address 
3o2  «'  the  queen,)  for  equity  and  Jar  justice  sake,  and  hy  that 
"  co7npassion  horn  zcith  you,  I  pray  and  beseech  you,  let 
"  not  your  high  prudence  take  it  amiss,  if  I  produce  rea~ 
"  sons  zvhich  move  me,  not  to  answer  this  demand.  That 
"  he  knew  that  tributes  and  taxes,  and  also  tenths,  first- 
"  fruits,  and  subsidies,  were  due  to  the  higher  powers;  yea, 
"  that  whatsoever  came  into  their  use,  came  into  the  public 
"  good  :  but  that  the  condition  of  subjects  was  far  different. 
"  For  they  that  gaped  after,  and  laid  snares  for  other  men"'s 
"  profits,  were  not  to  be  yielded  to,  but  rather  resisted ; 
"  especially,  if  they  went  so  far  as  to  fly  upon  the  goods  of 
"  the  church.  For  if  pious  kings  and  queens,  and  truly 
"  noble  men,  yea,  if  the  common  people  also,  inflamed  with 

Gal.  vi.  ii  {[^Q  2eal  of  propagating  the  gospel,  had  communicated  to 
"  them  of  all  their  goods,  who  had  instructed  them  in  the 
"  word  of  God,  how  godless  and  ignoble  were  they  to  be 
"  judged,  who  did  not  only  not  communicate  to  their  in- 
"  structors  in  any  good  things,  but  endeavoured  to  diminish 
"  and  take  away  the  goods  of  the  instructors,  and  wickedly 
"  to  convert  them  to  their  own  uses.  That  he  certainly 
"  sinned  against  the  law  of  nations,  who  violated  and  an- 
"  nulled  the  testament  and  last  will  of  a  testator.     That  St. 

G;ii.  ii.        "  Paid  writ,  that  zchc7i  a  ma77\'}  testament  stands  proved,  no 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  537 

"  man  rejecteth,  or  addeth  any  thing  to  it.     Besides,  when   CHAP. 

"  God  in  his  law  had  abundantly  supplied  his  priests  and   ^^^^^- 

"  Levites  for  their  subsistence  ;  and  when  nature  itself  de-Anno  1575^ 

"  dicated  the  same  ;  and  that  St.  Paul  writ,  that  we  must 

"  live  of  the  gospel.    Lastly,  if  the  Spirit  of  God  had  so 

"  warmed  the  breasts  of  Christians  with  a  zeal  of  godliness, 

"  that  they  had  most  devoutly  placed  out  their  goods,  their 

"  farms,  and  fields,  unto  pious  uses,  to  wit,  for  the  propa- 

"  gation  of  the  gospel,  and  to  keep  hospitality,  (he  asked,) 

"  who  was  he  that  dared  to  destroy  this  divine  provision  ? 

"  That  God  was  very  angry  with  the  people,  that  his  mi- 

"  nisters  were  miserably  spoiled;  yea^  are  cursed  with  a 

"  curse,  said  he. 

"  That  it  were  to  be  wished  from  the  Lord  God,  that  the 
"  rule  of  nature,  nay,  that  the  rule  of  Jesus  Christ,  rested  in 
"  the  breasts  of  those  that  catched  at  other  men''s  goods, 
"  viz.  Do  that  to  another,  xohich  ye  would  another  should  do 
"  to  you.  Further  he  asked,  whether  it  was  not  trouble- 
"  some  enough,  that  her  majesty ""s  priests  every  where  were 
*'  despised  and  trodden  upon,  and  were  esteemed  as  the  off- 
"  scourings  of  the  world,  vmless  the  commodities  which  they 
"  possessed  were  thus  licked  and  scraped  away  from  them  ? 
"  Praying  God  to  grant  better  things.  That  it  would  be 
"  notable  ingratitude,  if  their  [the  bishops'']  labours  and 
"  dangers,  or  rather  God  by  them,  had  driven  the  pope  and 
"  all  papistry  out  of  England  ;  if  they  had  placed  a  king 
"  and  a  queen  in  their  most  just  thrones ;  if,  lastly,  by 
"  them  the  houses  and  the  lands  of  monks,  without  number, 
"  had  I'escued  abundance  of  the  English  from  beggary,  and 
"  enriched  others  with  wealth,  and  others  advanced  to  ho- 
"  nours  :  was  this  their  reward  in  the  end,  to  be  recom- 
"  pensed  with  ingratitude  ?  That  they  should  be  deprived 
"  of  their  profits,  and  should  fill  up  the  bottomless  pit  of 
"  evil  concupiscence.  In  a  word,  that  it  was  greatly  to  be 
"  lamented,  that  they  who  attempted  these  things  were  not 
"  afraid  to  contemn  the  manifest  command  of  the  great 
"  God,  and  dared  also  to  ensnare  her  majesty  in  the  like  363 
"  danger.     It  was  commanded,  Thou  shcdt  not  covet  any 


538       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   "  one's  house,  &c.     That  it  was  not  lawful  to  violate  the 
^'        "  command  of  God  ;  nor  was  it  lawful  to  yield  help  or  fa- 
Anno  1575."  vour  to  those  that  violated  a  command." 

And  then  he  concluded  his  letter  to  her  in  this  aft'ection- 
ate  manner:  "  These  weights  of  the  justest  arguments  do 
"  so  press  and  terrify  my  mind,  that  I  dare  by  no  means  to 
"  assent  to  such  votes.  And  furthermore,  by  all  that  is  sa- 
"  cred,  I  most  humbly  pray  and  beseech  you,  that  we  may 
"  prevail  upon  your  piety  to  give  us  leave  to  use  and  enjoy 
"  those  things,  which  your  benignity  hath  heretofore  con- 
"  ferred  upon  us,  ministers  of  the  word,  so  long  as  we  shall 
"  not  seem  unworthy  of  this  our  function.  For  Christ  Jesus 
"  sake,  be  ye  a  most  pious  nurse,  favourer,  and  defender  of 
"  your  clergy,  in  this  wicked  and  atheistical  age.  And  let 
"  your  most  prudent  piety  vouchsafe  candidly  to  interpret 
"  this  my  confidence,  proceeding  from  a  pious  heart,  possess- 
"  cd  with  a  fear  of  God.  The  Lord  Jesus  Christ  preserve 
"  your  majesty  through  many  ages  safe,  to  the  glory  of  his 
"  name,  and  the  prosperity  of  his  holy  church. 

"  Your  majesty's  chaplain,  and  most  humble  bishop." 

This  courageous  letter,  and  yet  accompanied  with  a  de- 
cency suitable  to  majesty,  written  in  very   elegant   Latin, 
(whereof  this  is  but  the  imperfect  translation,)  deserveth, 
both  for  the  style  and  matter,  to  be  preserved  among  our 
N».  XLVii.  records,  where  I  have  accordingly  placed  it. 
The  bishop       The  holy  bishop  observed  well  the  malice  of  the  foresaid 
frit!ds  at    loi'ci ;  and  it  concerned  him  to  make  all  the  friends  he  could 
court.         against  this  northern  blast.     And  therefore  soon  after  his 
letter  to  the  queen,  he  wrote  both  to  the  lord  treasurer,  re- 
lating to  him  the  whole  matter;    and   urging  his  ancient 
friendship,  to  interpose  for  him  to  the  queen.    And  he  wrote 
also  to  Dr.  Masters,  the  queen's  physician,  who  was  often 
about  her  person;  and  so  might  take  his  opportunity  to 
speak  in  the  bishop's  cause. 
Writes  to         In  his  ])rivate  letter  to  the  queen's  physician,  he  told  him, 
physSiTi'  l»ow  the  lord  North,  and  others,  urged  the  queen  to  get  the 
manor  of  Somersham  from  the  bisiiopric ;  and  Jiow  they 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  539 

had  at  length  cunningly  brought  her  (lie  would  not  say,  CHAP. 
seduced  her)  to  it.  And  that  all  this  evil,  as  he  heard,  XXXIV. 
came  from  the  north.  The  letter  being  short,  I  will  set  it  Anno  157S1. 
down.  Olim  principes,  nohilesque,  zelo  evangelii  propa- 
ganda accensi,  sua  bona  terrasque  contulerunt.  Hodie  qui 
curios  simulant  et  bacchanalia  vivunt,  tanquam  liarpyicB 
rapacissimcB,  evangelium  spoliant.  Ager  meus  Somer- 
shamensis  plures  kabet  competitores,  quam  unquam  liabuit 
Jbrmosissima  Helena^  contra  manifestum  Dei  mandatum, 
Non  concupisces,  Sfc.  Adeo  ut  regiam  majestatem  eo  cal- 
lide  adegerint,  nolo  dicere  seduxerint^  ut  ipsa  in  suum  usum 
dimissionem  SomershamicB^  a  me  petal.  Ab  aquilone,  {ut 
auditum  habeo,)  panditur  hoc  malum.  Majestatis  suoe  pe- 
titioni  non  consensi.  Siquid  vel  verbulo  me  juvare  poteris, 
spero  te  mihi  non  defuturum  esse.  Dominus  Jesus  tibi  be- 
nedicat.  In  which  letter  he  subjoined,  that  the  lord  North 
stormed  that  he  was  dishonoured,  and  that  her  majesty  must 
not  put  up  such  an  answer. 

By  some  words  in  this  letter  wrested  by  the  bishop's  ene-364 
mies,  the  queen  hearing  thereof,  conceived  a  displeasure 
against  him,  as  we  shall  see  by  and  by. 

To  the  lord  treasurer  Burghley,  some  months  after,  viz.  And  to  the 
in  November,  he  applied  himself  also,  being  under  great 'y^e/'^reT 
concern  for  certain  articles  that  were  in  much  spite  and  lading  his 
rancour  to  be  laid  against  him.     He  was  now  at  his  manor  ^^  '^**^' 
of  Downham ;  there,  it  seems,  to  keep  possession  against 
his  foresaid  enemy,  that  pretended  to  his  park  there,  as  was 
said  before.     In  his  letter,  the  bishop  shewed  at  large  to 
that  lord  the  condition  in  which  he  was  like  to  be  brousrht 
by  the  implacable  malice  of  the  person  aforesaid :  all  the 
actions  of  his  years  ripped  up,  and  grievous  crimes,  even  of 
premunire,  to  be  laid  to  his  charge ;  the  queen  to  be  pro- 
voked against  hint;  and  a  commission  to  be  taken  out  for  a 
strict  examination   of  all  his    doinss.      For  tlius  did  the 
afflicted  bishop  pour  out  his  complaint  into  his  friend  the 
treasurer"'s  bosom. 

"  Right  honourable  sir.     I  have  heretofore  troubled  you 
"  with  the  understanding  of  my  matters.     The  truth  is,  I 


540      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  considered  how  ye  were  overwhelmed  with  the  multitude 
"  of  causes,  &c.  But  now,  sir,  because  I  am  driven  tan- 
Aunoi57.5."  qiiam  ad  saci'am  anchorain^  do  crave  your  friendly  aid. 
"  For  that  amicus  certus  in  re  incerta  cernitur.  It  is  too 
"  manifest,  that  a  great  many  are  very  desirous,  and  gape 
"  greedily,  ad  deplumandum  gracidiim  JEsopicum^  qucm 
"  indignum  putant  alienis  ornari  j^lumis.  Such  are  their 
*'  jiidgments.  If  we  had  no  lordships  nor  manors,  we 
"  should  never  be  troubled.  But  if  we  have  them  by  need- 
"  ful,  godly,  and  charitable  order,  and  just  laws,  Voi!  illis, 
"  qui  nobis  negotium  Jhcessunt.  They  look  and  contend 
"  vehemently  for  a  more  pure  reformation.  But  if  the 
"  church's  lands  were  dispersed,  their  reformation  would 
"  soon  be  at  an  end. 

"  I  understand  that  the  lord  North  is  in  high  displeasure 
*'  against  me  for  Somersham.  He  stirreth  coals  strongly. 
"  He  hath  a  commission,  as  he  saith,  to  search  and  ransack 
"  all  my  doings,  since  my  first  entry.  He  saith,  he  hath 
"  found  already  plentiful  matter  against  me  ;  which,  if  it  be 
"  true,  I  shall  not  be  tvirned  out  of  my  living  only,  but  shall 
"  be  brought  ad  cxtremam  mendicitatem.  For,  as  he  re- 
"  porteth,  there  are  found  five  premunires  against  me,  and 
"  two  against  Dr.  Ithel,  my  chancellor.  Indeed,  two  were 
*'  enough  to  undo  us  both.  Again,  he  blazeth  abroad,  that 
*'  I  pass  little  upon  her  majesty ""s  letters,  and  take  them  and 
"  count  them  but  a  blast  of  wind.  Whereby  her  majesty''s 
"  indignation  is  greatly  stirred  against  me ;  and  that  she 
"  should  say,  she  hath  borne  with  me,  and  put  up  many 
"  complaints  against  me,  in  consideration  of  my  age,  and  for 
*'  that  I  was  her  father's  and  brother's  servant ;  and  that 
*'  she  perceived  now,  there  was  no  good  nature  in  me. 

"  HcBc  sunt  tela  mortalia,  ccgTum  pectus  ad  mortem  us- 
*'  que  torquentia  et  vexantia.  How  false  and  untrue  it  is, 
"  that  I  should  so  little  pass  of  her  highness'  letters,  I  cer- 
"  tainly  know,  et  Christus  Jesus  et  testis  et  judex  est,  I 
"  never  thought  any  such  thing. 
365  "  Furthermore,  sir,  if  this  commission  of  examination  go 
*'  forward,  in  this  dangerous  world,  so  sore  bent  against  men 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  541 

"  of  our  religion,  ye  know  full  well,  qiiamjucile  sit  haculum    CHAP. 
"  invenire,  ut  canem  ccedas.  I  cannot  think  that  this  hurly- 


burly  should  rise  of  Mr.  Hatton,  for  the  first  denial  of  his  A"""  i575. 
"  suit.  For  as  he  wrote  to  me  to  have  my  house  by  lease,  I 
"  could  not  grant  it  without  the  injury  of  my  successors ; 
"  whereunto  in  conscience  I  cannot  yield.  I  would  gladly 
"  do  for  Mr.  Hatton  what  I  might  conveniently  do ;  and  I 
"  gladly  tender  him,  for  that  her  majesty  hath  so  good  choice 
"  of  him. 

"  In  the  end,  let  me  entreat  you,  my  good  lord,  to  be  a 
"  means,  that  the  commission  may  be  stayed.  For  etsi  nihil 
"  mihi  conscius  sum,  non  tamen  in  hoc  justi/icatus  sum.  I 
"  will  not  dissemble  my  doing  coram  Domino  et  Christo  ejus. 
"  I  am  doing,  in  laying  forth  Christ  through  his  grace,  and 
"  the  plain  way  to  heaven,  in  teaching  the  true  obedience, 
"  and  charitable  dealings  ;  rebuking  of  sin,  and  reforming  of 
"  errors,  (which  some  little  regard,  and  some  cannot  bear ;) 
"  in  severe  correcting  and  punishing  of  vices.  Et  hinc  illcB 
"  laclirymce.  Now  then,  in  the  end,  thus  to  be  recom- 
"  pensed,  shall  be  a  comfort  to  the  wicked,  and  a  grief  to 
"  the  godly.  I  acknowledge  her  majesty's  great  goodness 
"  and  tender  affection  towards  me,  since  the  beginning  of 
"  her  majesty's  reign.  I  have  felt  of  that,  and  do  acknow- 
"  ledge  that  printed  in  heart,  expressed  in  words,  and  de- 
"  clared  in  deeds.  Whatsoever  I  can  or  may  do,  shall  be  at 
"  her  majesty's  commandment ;  matters  of  conscience,  and 
"  matters  of  God,  touching  the  edifying  his  church,  only 
"  excepted.  For  herein,  mug-is  obecliefidum  est  Deo  quam 
"  hominibus;  not  doubting,  but  that  the  holy  gospel  will  so 
"  stay  her  majesty's  heart,  that  she  will  never  devise  nor 
"  desire  any  thing  that  is  against  God ;  but  if  she  be  charita- 
*'  bly  admonished,  she  will  make  a  godly  stay. 

"  I  intend,  God  willing,  to  repair  to  London  with  conve- 
"  nient  speed.  I  would  be  very  loath  to  be  sent  for  as  a 
"  notorious  offender.  Which  thing  would  minister  too  much 
"  fond  talk  among  the  fond  heads  in  the  world.  The  whole 
"  matter  I  commit  to  your  prudent  device,  as  to  my  most 
"  dear  and  assured  friend.  Dominns  Jesus  din  te  servet  in- 


549      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   "  columem  regno,  7-egince  ct  reip.   From  my  house  at  Down- 
^'       "  ham,  21st  November,  1575. 
Anno  1575.  "  Your  lordship's  assured.  Rich.  Ely." 

The  bishop       It  was  but  the  next  month  the  good  bishop  received  some 
^"^^^  t^'*!"  comfortable  intcUio-ence  from  the  said  lord,  (on  whom  he  so 

to  the  lord  t^  '   '^  _  _ 

treasurer,  entirely  depended  in  this  difficulty,)  with  expressions  of  his 
real  friendship  and  good-will,  promising  him  therein,  un- 
doubtedly, what  assistance  lay  in  his  power.    For  which  the 

Decemb.29.  bishop,  in  another  letter  writ  towards  the  latter  end  of  De- 
cember, expressed  a  grateful  sense ;  and  w  ithal  shewed  him 
how  ungrateful  that  lord  was  to  him,  who  had  done  many  a 
good  turn  for  him,  and  particularly  had  made  him  his  high 
steward ;  and  how  he  was  now  labouring  by  a  wile,  to  get 
his  park  from  him.  He  sent  withal  enclosed  a  copy  of  some 
of  the  articles  against  him,  (as  many  as  he  could  procure,) 
366  for  the  said  lord  treasurer  to  peruse,  with  his  answer  to 
them ;  and  another  paper  containing  reasons,  by  the  bishop 
drawn  up,  against  alienating  the  goods  of  the  church.  And 
so  aeain  recommendino;  himself  and  his  cause  unto  his 
friendly  and  godly  judgment.  The  tenor  of  which  letter 
was,  "  That  he  daily  felt  his  friendly  zeal  and  good-will 
"  towards  him.  That  he  found  it  true,  amicus  certiis  in  re 
"  incerta  cernitur.  That  he  doubted  not,  but  that  his  lord- 
"  ship  weighed  thoroughly  how  uncharitably  he  was  handled, 
"  for  that  he  would  not  yield  to  the  ungodly  request  of  him, 
"  who,  professing  entire  friendship,  was  fallen  away  to  be  an 
"  open  adversary,  to  onerate  him  [the  bishop]  with  a  num- 
"  ber  of  injuries  done  by  him,  and  with  lier  majesty's  griev- 
"  ous  indignation  against  him.  The  bishop  added,  that  he 
"  had  done  more  for  him  than  for  any  nobleman  in  Eng- 
"  land:  and  because  he  could  not  wring  from  him  the  prin- 
"  cipal  member  of  his  living,  he  pretended  lie  was  now  dis- 
"  honoured,  and  sought  revcngement." 

And  one  instance  more  of  lord  North's  injustice  he  men- 
tioned to  that  lord,  to  whom  he  was  now  writing ;  "  That 
"  he  had  lately  bought  a  title  of  one  Austen  Sty  ward  ;  and 
"  on  that  pretence  had  made  entry  upon  liis  park  at  Down- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  543 

*'  ham,  by  colour  of  a  lease ;  and  that  if  he  were  not  by  and    CHAP. 

•  XXXIV 

"  by,  by  some  means,  stayed,  he  feared  he  would  enter  im- ;. 


"  petuose.''''  Anno  1 575. 

He  added,  "  That  he,  the  bishop,  had  gotten  as  many 
"  accusations  as  he  could  come  by,  and  made  answer  unto 
"  them  ;  whereof  he  had  sent  secretly  a  copy  to  his  lord- 
"  ship  ;  to  the  intent  that  at  his  convenient  leisure  he  might 
"  peruse  it,  and  judge  of  it  according  to  his  wisdom :  and 
"  that  he  had  made  suit  to  the  honourable  council  for  a  copy 
"  of  matters  exhibited  against  him,  that  he  might  not  be  ut- 
"  terly  to  seek  when  he  should  be  called  to  answer." 

And  then  he  made  this  melancholy  observation  of  the 
poor  church''s  condition ;  "  That  when  he  considered  the 
"  far-fetch  of  the  papist,  the  dangerous  drift  of  the  preci. 
"  sian,  the  greedy  gaping  of  the  atheists,  he  was  marvel- 
*'  lously  moved  to  suspect  the  worst;  and  to  cry  to  God  to 
*'  preserve  his  church." 

The  bishop  acquainted  the  treasurer  further  with  another 
particular  of  the  lord  North's  resolution :  "  That  he  wrote 
*^  to  some  of  his  friends,  that  he  would  try  what  he  could  do 
"  by  law,  by  the  council,  and  by  the  parliament.  What 
"  lurked  under  that,  the  bishop  said,  he  should  much  fear, 
"  but  that  he  was  persuaded,  that  her  majesty,  himself,  [the 
"  lord  treasurer,]  and  a  few  other,  statis  in  Jide,  ct  mriliter 
"  ag-itis,  [stood  fast  in  the  faith,  and  would  quit  themselves 
"  like  men.]" 

And  withal  he  sent  the  treasurer  a  few  reasons,  which 
ought,  he  said,  to  move  good  Christians  to  tender  the  state 
of  the  ministers  of  God's  sincere  religion.  For  which  rea- 
sons I  refer  the  reader  to  the  Appendix.  XLViir. 

The  next  month,  the  malice  continuing,  the  bishop  again  Slandered 
applied  himself  to  his  friend,  the  lord  treasurer.     The  occa- ^"  jl^^''  '"^" 
sion  was  this :  the  private  letter  that  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Masters,  the  queen, 
mentioned  above,  some  way  or  other,  was  intercepted ;  and 
fell   into  the  hands  of   his  enemy,   the  lord   North :  who 
thought  he  had  now  gotten  an  effectual  advantage  against 
him,  by  rendering  him  odious  to  the  queen,  for  some  ex- 3 6/ 


544       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  pressions  in  that  letter;  as  though  he  had  called  her  majesty 
^-  an  harpy  and  plunderer  of  the  church.  This  coming  at 
Anno  1575.  length  to  the  bishop's  ears,  he  was  glad  again  to  use  all  his 
endeavours  with  the  lord  treasurer,  to  set  him  right  with 
the  queen.  He  was  now  come  up  to  London,  to  be  ready 
to  answer  those  articles  before  mentioned  against  him.  And 
from  his  house  in  Holborn  he  thus  writ  to  that  lord,  his 
friend,  on  this  present  occasion. 

Which  oc-        "  My  very  good  lord,  I  trust  I  shall  be  able  to  answer  to 
casioned      ^^    j|  ^       accusations  before  indifferent  judges:  which  I 

him  to  write  .  .   ,      . 

again  to  the «  doubt  not  God  wiU  send  me.  Only  one  thing,  Avhich  is 
surtr!'*"*"  "  not  yet  put  in,  (otherwise  taken  than  I  meant,)  may 
"  breed  some  disliking; :  which  is  this  :  at  what  time  I  sent 
"  mine  answer  to  her  majesty  for  Somersham,  I  wrote  a 
"  private  letter  to  Dr.  Masters,  being  stirred  by  an  earnest 
"  zeal  against  such  as,  without  the  fear  of  God,  seek  their 
"  own  gain  with  the  spoil  of  God's  ministers.  This  letter 
"  the  lord  North,  before  it  was  delivered,  hath  perused, 
"  whether  by  opening  thereof,  or  otherwise,  God  knoweth. 
"  He  chargeth  me,  that  I  term  her  majesty  harpi/ia7ti  et  lu- 
"  pum :  for  that  I  writ  against  such  harpies  and  wolves,  qui 
"  inhiant  ecclesiasticis  bonis.  And  that  diere  I  did  add 
"  these  words,  Etiam,  ipsa  in  idem  crimen  delapsa. 

"  Siquid  hie  peccaverim,  non  recuso  temeritatis  et  stulti- 
"  ti(B  crimen  agnoscere,  et  ad  innatam  regice  celsitudinis 
"  clementiam  confugere.  Truly  I  wrote  in  this  sort  to  Dr. 
"  Masters  purposely  for  that  I  knew  him  to  be  a  man  zeal- 
"  ous  towards  the  word  of  God  and  the  ministers  thereof, 
"  and  faithfully  tendering  her  majesty's  honour.  And  I 
"  knew,  that  he,  having  convenient  occasion,  would  humbly 
"  and  prudently  admonish  her  majesty  of  such  greedy  men, 
"  which  would  abuse  her  honourable  letters.  Whose  godly 
"  mind  was  never  to  force  any  man  to  his  hinderance.  For 
*'  in  maintaining  and  aiding  such  manner  of  men,  her  ma- 
"  jesty  should  seem  to  be  partaker  of  their  crimes.  Quod 
"  ahsit:  in  the  height  and  zeal  against  the  lord  North  his 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  545 

"uncharitable  dealing,    I  was  stirred  up  to  write  much   CHAP. 
"  after  the  example  of  the  prophets,  of  Christ  himself,  his 


"  apostles,  and  other  godly  fathers  heretofore.  -^""o  '575. 

"  I  pray  you,  my  good  lord,  to  open  this  matter,  as  you 
"  shall  have  opportunity,  that  I  may  feel  some  taste  of  her 
"  godly  clemency.  Do77i.  Jesus  te  nobis  dintissime  servet  in- 
"  columem.  From  my  house  in  Holbourn,  this  18th  day  of 
"  February,  1575. 

"  Your  lordship''s  assured, 

"  Richard  Ely." 

Thus  was  the  aged  bishop  fain  to  come  up  even  in  the  cold,  The  bishop 
sharp,  winter  weather,  in  the  month  of  January,  to  answer  answer  Uie" 
what  articles  of  pretended  crimes  and  misdemeanours  were  '^■^'^''^^  '^id 

1    -J  •  1-1  11-  1       1  •     •  against  hini. 

laid  agamst  him  :  but  not  doubting  to  make  his  innocence 
appear  as  manifest  as  their  malice.  But  first  he  laboured  to 
get  access  to  her  majesty's  presence.  In  order  to  which  he 
addresseth  a  message  to  his  friend  tiie  lord  treasurer  after  368 
this  manner ;  "  That  importunate  beggars,  where  they  find 
"  most  relief,  there  most  often  they  resort.  That  his  lord- 
"  ship's  friendship  being  so  ready  towards  him,  made  him 
"  still  to  be  bold  upon  him.  And  that  he  was  very  desir- 
"  ous  to  give  his  dutiful  attendance  upon  her  majesty.  But 
"  that  unless  he  might  know  it  to  be  her  highness's  good 
"  contentation,  non  lihenter  me  ingero  ;  [i.  e.  he  would  not 
"  willingly  intrude  himself.]  And  therefore  heartily  prayed 
"  him,  as  his  opportunity  should  serve,  to  understand  her 
"  majesty's  pleasure  therein. 

"  That  he  had  perused  all  the  accusations  against  him 
"  [whereof  there  were  divers  sheets]  and  would  gladly  an- 
"  swer  them,  when  and  where  the  honourable  council  should 
"  appoint  him."  Adding  these  modest  words ;  "  Non  me 
"  per  omnia  justijicaho.  Certe  nihil  mihi  conscii/s  sum. 
"  Sed  non  in  hoc  justijicatus  sum.  I  will  not  dissemble 
"  mine  infirmities  and  faults ;  but  surely  the  accusations  are 
"  frivolous,  untrue,  slanderous,  malicious,  &c,  A  sore  cause 
"  in  a  commonwealth,  for  a  man  to  be  so  ransacked  upon 
"  mere  malice  and  displeasure.    Exemphim  in  rej}.  bene  in^ 

VOL.  II.  N  n 


546       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION      ^ 

BOOK    "  stituta  non  Jerendum .''''    This  was  dated  from  his  house 
______  in  Holborn,  January  the  18th,  1575. 


Anno  1575.      Now  to  look  more  particularly  into  these  heavy  charges 
£''\1"/''      laid  ag-ainst  the  bishop,  I  shall  first  set  down  the  contents  of 

North  s  o  r  ' 

charges       a  letter  sent  from  the  lord  North  to  the  bishop :  to  which 
bfshop  in  a  ^^^  bishop  gave  distinct  answers  in  another  to  that  lord, 
letter  to      That  lord  wrote,  "  That  what  he  had  done,  he  Avas  urged 
"  thereto  by  such  commandment  as  he  dared  not  disobey. 
"  That  he  wished  from  the  bottom  of  his  heart,  that  the 
"  bishop  would  shake  off  his  stubbornness.     That  to  the 
"  queen  as  yet  he  had  done  no  special  service,  [as  he,  the 
"  lord  North,  had  by  an  embassy.]     That  he  [the  bishop] 
"  lived  wretchedly,   both   within  and  without   his   house. 
"  That  he  was  extremely  covetous :  a  mervailous  dairy  man, 
"  a  rich  farmer,  &c."    To  these,  and  the  like  personal  ac- 
cusations and  complaints,  the  full  and  satisfactory  answers 
that  he  made,  being  somewhat  large,  I  lay  in  the  Appen- 
N".  XLIX.  dix :  a  copy  of  which  he  sent  to  the  lord  treasurer,  for  the 
making  him  the  better  acquainted  with  the  controversy  on 
both  sides. 
Moreobjec-      These  complaints  were  drawn  up  in  a  letter  from  the 
blames  laid  lord  North  to  the  bishop,  November  20.    Again,  divers  ob- 
upontheiji-jg(.[jiQj^g  xnove  he  made,  in  another  letter  to  the  said  bishop, 
his  answer.  December  11.    As,  how  the  bishop  commonly  granted  the 
good  abearing,  and  made  it  a  common  bond  in  the  isle  of 
Ely.  That  when  the  bishop  of  Ely  should  forgive  any  man, 
[it  was  so  seldom  or  never  done,]  that  he  would  say.  Nunc 
dimittis;  and  divers  such  like:  which,  with  the  bishop's  an- 
Numb.  L.    swers,  arc  also  put  in  the  Appendix. 

More  com-  These  were  not  all,  but  there  was  also  drawn  up  a  large 
'  book  of  siuidry  complaints  of  divers  persons  against  the  bi- 
shop ;  many  of  them  false,  and  all  of  them  misrepresented. 
Which  he  answered  article  by  article.  Which,  for  the  vin- 
dication of  the  memory  of  an  excellent  bishop,  and  that  had 
a  great  hand  in  our  first  reformation,  and  one  of  king  Ed- 
ward's instructors,  I  have  hkewise  thought  fit  to  preserve 
Numb.  LI.  in  the  Appendix.  Wherein  will  be  seen  many  remarks  of 
that  bishop''s  life,  condition,  and  actions.     The  aforesaid 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  547 

lord,  the  bishop's  great  adversary,  had  got  together  a  large    CHAP, 
list  of  supposed  injuries  done  by  him  to  his  tenants,  who.     '  ' 


came  to  him  (on  pretence  as  high  steward)  with  their  com-^nno  '575. 
plaints  :  which  he  received,  in  order  to  the  doing  them  jus-    ^ 
tice  against  the  bishop.     But  the  bishop,  as  he  said,  had 
made  him  his  high  steward,  to  be  his  friend  and  defender,  'Hie  lord 
not  to  hear  every  light  and  untrue  tale  to  his  infamy  and  (,i°ii,  stcw- 
prejudice.  Nor  was  he  such  an  high  steward,  to  hear  causes ''■■''' .'^-'^'■'',''''- 
and  complaints,  as  he  told  him,  and  to  redress  them  at  his 
pleasure.  For  that  appertained  partly  to  himself,  and  partly 
to  the  chief  justice  of  the  isle,  with  the  rest  of  the  justices, 
according  to  ancient  grants  to  that  bishopric.     But  by  the 
perusing  of  that  book  of  accusations,  and  the  bishop's  plain 
answers  to  them,  it  will  appear  how  falsely  and  undeserv- 
edly he  was  charged ;    and  with   how  much  spite  the  ac- 
cusers' minds  were  filled ;  and  governed  by  that  Machiavel- 
lian maxim,  Foi'titer  calumniare,  aliquid  adhcerebit.    The 
complainants  were  for  the  most  part  his  tenants ;  and  their 
complaints   depending    upon    personal   and    private   peaks 
against  the  bishop,  of  supposed  wrongs  done  them,  and 
brought  in  under  the  countenance  of  this  lord.     Which  in 
effect  did  but  the  more  betray  them  and  their  evil  doings, 
which  the  bishop  checked  and  punished  :  as  may  evidently 
appear  by  the  bishop's  distinct  answers,  giving  a  true  ac- 
count of  each  matter. 

After  the  matters  for  accusation  of  him  were  brought  The  lord 

.  •  •  1  ,  ,,.,..  .  treasurer  on 

near  to  a  ripeness,  ni  order  to  the  calhng  hmi  nito  question,  the  bishop's 
and  good  progress  made  therein,  the  lord  treasurer  plainly  *''•''•    '^"^ 

l)l&nicill)v 

saw  through  it,  and  the  malice  thereof:  and  appeared  to  be  some. 
on  the  bishop's  side.  For  which  some  of  the  adverse  party 
had  not  spared  to  blame  that  lord  ;  as  siding  with  one  who 
was  to  be  called  into  question  by  the  queen's  order  and 
commandment.  For  so  the  lord  Nortli  gave  it  out,  to  pal- 
liate these  his  doings,  that  what  he  had  done  was  by  order 
of  a  person  that  he  dared  not  to  disobey.  This  matter  gave 
occasion  to  his  writing  another  letter  to  the  said  lord  trea-  which  oc- 
surer,  dated  Jan.  ult.   importing,  "  How  it  added  to  the  casions  an. 

°  other  letter 

"heap  of  his  griefs,   that  the  lord    treasurer   should    be  from  the  bi- 

j^  „  Q  shop  to  him. 


548      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  charged  for  dealing  for  him.     That  it  was  true,  the  lord 
__|^___"  North  had  writ  to  him,  [i.e.  the  bishop,]  that  what  he 


Anno  1 575. '<  had  donc,  he  was  urged  thereto  by  such  commandment 
"  as  he  durst  not  disobey.  Whereupon  the  bishop  said,  he 
''  knew  and  felt,  quod  indignatio  principiis  mors  est.  Yet 
"  considering  her  majesty ''s  equity  and  constant  benevolence 
"  towards  her  old  and  faithful  friend,  he  could  hardly  be 
"  persuaded,  that  her  highness  should  give  order  to  him, 
"  who  upon  displeasure  went  about  to  seek  his  discredit 
"  and  undoing.  That  as  to  his  accusers,  it  was  his  desire  to 
"  answer  to  them  all.  And  that  if  he  had  injured  any  man, 
"  he  would  fully  satisfy  him.  If  otherwise,  he  had  dealt 
"  hardly  with  any,  he  was  to  amend  the  offence.  And  then 
"  he  used  St.  Paul's  words,  Nihil  mihi  conscius  sum,  sed 
"  non  in  hoc  Jusii/icatus  sum.''''  And  then  added,  "  That 
"  here  he  must  appeal  to  her  highnesses  clemency,  and  to 
"  the  mercy  of  our  heavenly  Father.  And  that  as  for  the 
"  false  and  slanderous  accusations,  [whereof  there  were 
"  good  store  heaped  up  against  him,]  those  he  referred  to 
"  the  judgment  of  her  majesty  and  her  honourable  council. 
"  And  so  praying  the  Lord  Jesus  to  preserve  his  lordship 
370  "  very  long  in  safety  to  the  church,  [which  had  now  so 
"  many  enemies,]  the  queen,  and  the  kingdom." 
Makes  his  At  length,  according  to  his  abovesaid  ingenuous  offer  to 
to  the  ^^^^  ^^^^^  treasurer,  he  made  his  submission  to  the  queen  : 

queen.  which  he  called  a  satisfactio7i ;  and  which  she  graciously 
accepted  of.  And  so  by  little  and  little  this  storm  blew 
pretty  well  over.  But  the  poor  bishop  was,  notwithstand- 
ing, engaged  with  the  lord  North  in  a  long  suit :  that  lord 
having  gotten  into  his  hands  a  lease  made  long  before,  viz. 
14  Hen.  VIII.  Whereby  all  the  manor  of  Downham  was 
demised  by  a  long  lease  to  one  Meggs :  whereby  he  pre- 
tended also  to  the  park.  The  question  was,  whether  the 
park  was  also  a  part  of  the  demise  :  which  though  it  had 
been  hitherto  enjoyed  by  the  succeeding  bishops  of  that 
see,  yet  by  virtue  of  that  lease  this  lord  claimed  it. 
The  case  be-  The  case  was  drawn  up,  and  signed  by  both  their  hands, 
bishop  and  ^^  ^^   ^^^^  State  of  that  Controversy.     And  it  was  this: 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  549 

"  Whether  the  soil  of  the  park  passeth  by  the  words  of  the    CHAP. 

"  lease,  or  no  ?"   The  words  were  :  "  Nicholas,  bishop  of  Ely   ^^'^'^' 

"  14  Hen.  VIII.  made  a  demise  to  Tho.  Meggs,  by  these  Anno  1575. 

"  words  :  Omnes  terras  dominicales,  prat. pascua,  et pastu-^^^^  ^°^^ 

"  ras,  cum  eorum  pertinent,  et  commoditat.  quibusainqne^  DowahAm 

"  manerio  de  Dozcnhavi,  rectoria  cum  lihertat.  U7iius  ^elde,^^^^' 

"  advocat.  ecclesice  ibid,   reddit.  tenent.  ibid.  feod.  milif. 

"  wardis.  maritgagUs,  relev.  esceat.  Jbrisfact.  perquisit.  et 

"  cur.  prefat.  epo.  et  successorib.  suis  except,  et  omnin.  re- 

"  servatis,  habend.  pro  termin.  octoginta  annorum.    Before 

"  this  time  upon  issue  joined,  whether  Goodric,  the  bishop, 

"  had  entered  into  part  of  the  premises,  letten,  or  not,  evi- 

"  dence  w^as  given  that  he  had  entered  into  parcel  of  his 

"  park.    And  no  other  evidence  given  to  prove  any  entry 

"  into    any   other  of    the   demised    premises.       The  jury 

"  found,  that  the  bishop  had  entered  into  part  of  the  de- 

"  mised  premises. 

"  Richard  Ely.     Richard  North." 

What  the  success  and  end  of  this  lawsuit  was,  I  know 
not. 

These  troubles  raised  against  the  aged  bishop  by  papists.  Dr.  Whit- 
puritans,  and  atheists,  (as  the  bishop  himself  suggested,)  ^|g^[,^p  p|],^^_ 
were  of  three  sorts,  violence,  slander,  and  fraud;  the  two"niing  his 
last  especially.  But  they  could  not  but  stir  up  sober  and 
godly  men  to  compassion  and  fellow-feeling  with  him.  Thus 
Dr.  Whitgift,  dean  of  Lincoln,  and  a  prebendary  of  his 
church,  in  the  midst  of  these  his  disturbances,  (in  a  letter  to 
him  in  December  1575,)  prayed  God  "  to  make  him  strong, 
"  and  to  give  him  the  spirit  of  boldness  and  fortitude  in 
"  that  time  of  his  personal  persecution  ;  for  so,  he  said,  he 
"  must  call  it,  seeing,  as  St.  Augustine  saith,  that  the  ene- 
"  mies  of  the  church  persecuted  it  after  three  sorts,  gladio, 
"  lingua,  dolo :  and  that  notwithstanding  the  persecution 
"  of  the  sword,  God  be  thanked,  was  not  yet,  how  fierce 
"  the  other  two  were,  could  not  be  unknown  to  any ;  espe- 
"  cially  to  his  lordship,  who  tasted  of  them.  And  that 
"  touching  the  papists  in  his  diocese,  there  would  not  be 

N  n3 


550       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   "  much   done,  unless  his  lordship  called  earnestly  on  the 

"  matter.     For  certainly,  as  he  added,  the  lord  North  will 

Anno  1575."  bolster  out  that  notorious  papist,  Mr.  Perrie,  as  he  hath 

^'^■.'^,'^"     f"  done  hitherto.     Such  is  his  zeal,  &c.  meanino;  his  pre- 

impropriat.  "  tended  zcttl  for  pure  religion."" 

Append,  p. 
21. 


371  CHAP.   XXXV. 

St.  John's  college  in  Camby-idge  in  disorder.  The  bishop  o/' 
jE/z/  visitor  thereof:  concerned  therein.  His  advice  for 
new  statutes  for  that  house.  His  letters  to  the  lord  trea- 
surer in  that  behalf.  A  case  betzaeen  Westminster  school, 
and  Chrisfs  Churchy  Oxon.  A  sect  called  the  family  of 
love.  Their  Apology  set  forth.  Their  confession.  A  pi-in- 
ciple  or  tioo  of  theirs.  The  family  of  the  Mount.  The 
family  (fthe  EssentiaUsts.  Etchard  one  of  this  sect:  his 
letter.  Anabaptists :  some  recant.  Two  burnt:  and  why. 
Cartwrighfs  second  Reply.  Sampson  to  the  lord  treasur- 
er, in  behalf  (f  his  hospital  at  Leicester.  Bishop  Pilking- 
ton  refuseth  to  grant  a  lease  of  Norham  waters.  Peter 
Baro  is  made  lady  Margaret  professor  in  Cambridge. 

The  bishop  Our  said   bishop  of  Ely  had  other  business  this  year, 

of  Kly  con-  i.  j  .'         ^ 

cerned  in     that  employed  him,  a  little  before  those  troubles  befell  him  : 
St  John's    Ijqj]^  r^g  }^e  ^as  visitor  of  a  college  in  Cambrido-e  ;  and  also 

college,  as  _  o  . 

visitor.  as  he  was  inspector  into  the  regular  conformity  and  sound 
doctrine  of  those  in  his  diocese.  St.  John's  college,  a  great 
society,  was  often  divided  into  factions.  And  a  great  cause 
thereof  was  partly  the  principles  that  many  among  them 
embraced,  tliwarting  the  practice  of  divine  worship  used  in 
this  church,  and  partly  in  affecting  different  men  for  their 
heads,  upon  election.  The  statutes  of  the  college  also  were 
here  and  there  blotted  out,  and  interpolated.  The  good  bi- 
shop, who,  as  bishop  of  Ely,  was  nominated  in  their  sta- 
tutes for  the  care  of  that  house,  found  it  past  his  skill  and 
power  to  settle  the  controversies,  and  confirm  peace  and 
quiet  there.  And  therefore  thought  it  advisable  that  some 
learned  men  of  the  university  should  be  employed  by  public 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  551 

authority,  to  make  new  statutes,  and  abolish  the  old.    And   CHAP, 
for  this  pui-pose  he  recommended  this  needful  business  to. 


the  lord  treasurer;  both  as  he  was  now  that   university''s Anno  1575. 
high  chancellor,  and  as  he  had  been  formerly  a  member  of 
that  college.  To  him  therefore,  in  the  month  of  June,  from  June  29. 
Dodington,  he  wrote  his  thoughts  in  a  letter. 

Of  this  business  of  St.  Johns's  college,  some  account  hath  Life  of 
been  given  elsewhere :  to  the  further  understanding  of  which  '\vhit-'ift,*'^ 
affair,  this  letter  of  the  bishop's,  as  also  another  that  follows,  ^°^^  '•  ch. 
will  contribute. 

"  The  great  zeal  you  bear  for  the  queen''s  government  of  Recom- 
"  the  university  of  Cambridge,  whereof  you  are  high  chan- JIJ^"'^^*^  *^^^ 
*'  cellor,  and  the  love  you  have  towards  St.  John's  college,  the  chancei- 
"  (where  you  sucked  much  good  learning,)  do  move  you,  I  u^niversify. 
"  doubt  not,  to  be  careful  for  the  preservation  of  both.     I 
*'  also,  being  put  in  trust  by  the  statutes  of  that  college,  372 
"  think  myself  bound  to  conserve,  as  much  as  in  me  lieth, 
"  the  quiet  state  of  that  house ;  and  especially,  having  been 
"  somewhat  disquieted  now  and  then  in  pacifying  of  con- 
*'  tentions  and  troubles ;  which  have  grown,  partly  through 
"  the  folly  and  stoutness  of  unbridled  youth,  and  partly  by 
"  the  imperfection  of  their  statutes :  which,  through  altera- 
"  tion  of  time,  have  been  altered  and  changed,  by  adding 
"  to   and   taking   away,  by  putting   out   and   interlining. 
"  That  in  some  points,  their  statutes,  being  doubtful,  breed 
"  quarrelling  and  contention.     For  remedy  whereof,  if  the 
"  statutes  of  St.  John's  might  be  diligently  perused,  ex- 
"  amined,  and  perfectly  compiled  into  one  body,  certainly, 
"  great  quietness,  unity,  and  concord  should  increase,  and 
"  continue  in  that  college,  to  the  glory  of  God,  and  further- 
"  ance  of  good  learning. 

"  Sir,  I  am  not  to  teach  you  in  this  matter;  but  if  it 
"  please  you  to  hear  my  poor  advice,  if  ye  require,  or  her 
"  majesty  command,  three  or  four  doctors  of  the  uni- 
"  versity,  men  zealous,  learned,  and  acquainted  with  sta- 
"  tutes,  to  bring  the  said  statutes  into  good  order,  and 
"  into  a  perfect  volume,  I  doubt  not,  they  will  diligently, 
"  readily,  and  faithfully  perform  it.    Which  done,  I  mean 

N  n  4 


552       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  to  confer  with   them,  and   to  peruse  them   over  again. 
______"  Then,  in  case  your  lordsliip  hath  no  leisure  to  peruse 


Anno  1575."  them,  ye  might  entreat  her  majesty,  (whose  godly  zeal  is 

"  always  ready  for  the  furtherance  of  good  order,)  to  send 

"  down  these  statutes,  by  her  majesty's  full  authority,  all 

"  former  statutes  being  repealed.     My  zeal  and  duty  to- 

"  wards  St.  John's  have  moved  me  thus  much  to  signify  to 

"  your  good  lordship  at  this  present,  ut  sopiatur  tandem 

"  contentionis  malum.'''' 

Another  But  liowever  new  statutes  were  not,  upon  this  good  mo- 

the^bisliop   ^^^"  ^^  ^^^  bishop,  as  yet  obtained,  things,  by  his  care  and 

upon  new    labour,  were  pretty  well  pacified  in  the  college ;  and  a  wor- 

arisini^  in     thy  and  learned  master  [Dr.  Still]  was  placed.     But  within 

tiie  college,  ^yg  qj.   gj^^.   nrjonths,  ferments  began  to  arise  again  there. 

Which  caused  another  motion  from  the  bishop  to  the  lord 

Decemb.  4.  treasurer  for  new  statutes.    For  in  the  month  of  December, 

being  then  at  Downham,  he  put  that  lord  in  mind,  "  That 

"  it  was  not  unknown  to  him,  in  what  trust  the  bishop  of 

"  Ely  for  the  time  being  was  put  by  the  statutes  of  that 

"  college,  to  visit  and  redress  things  amiss,  and  stay  the 

"  house  in  peaceable  quietness,  to  the  intent  the  scholars 

"  there  might  the  more  diligently  apply  their  learning,  and 

"  use  themselves  in  the  true  service  of  God,  to  his  glory. 

"  Further,  that  it  was  not  unknown  to  him,  how  painfully 

"  and  carefully  he  [the  bishop]  had  travailed  at  sundry  times, 

"  to  appease  such  controversies  and  unseemly  contentions, 

"  which  Satan  had  stirred  up  very  dangerously  in  that  col- 

"  lege.  That  lately,  by  God's  grace,  all  things  were  quieted : 

"  a  new  master   was  well   and  quietly  placed,   a  worthy. 

Matt.  12.     "  learned,  and  a  zealous  man.     The  unclean  spirit  was  dri- 

"  ven  out.     But  alas!"  added  he,  "he  beginneth  to  enter 

"  again  with  seven  spirits  worse  than  himself.     For  even  at 

"  this  present  there  was,"  he  said,  "  a  new  broil  like  to  be 

"  broached,  unless  it  were  met  with  in  time.    That  he  had 

"  [before  this]  wrote  to  his  lordship,  to  lay  to  his  helping 

3/3  "hand:  and  that  therein   he  had  declared  himself  to  be 

"  ready  and  willing :  only  there  lacked  a  man  to  prosecute 

"  the  cause.'" 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  553 

He  subjoined,  "  That  the  greatest  cause  of  jars  and  con-    CHAP, 
tentions  appeared  to  be,  for  that  their  statutes  were  un-      ' 


certain  and  imperfect:  being  in  some  places  razed,  and -^^""0  1 575. 
some  lines  stricken  through  with  a  pen,  as  it  seemed  good 
to  the  commissioners  in  king  Edward's  time  and  in  queen 
Mary's :  who  in  judgment,  as  he  knew,  were  diverse. 
That  now  sure,  if  it  might  please  him  to  move  her  ma- 
jesty's gracious  goodness,  for  a  commission  to  certain  of 
the  most  wise  and  discreet  of  the  university :  that  they, 
by  her  majesty's  authority,  might  stay  presently  all  mat- 
ters of  contention,  and  cause  good  order  to  be  kept  in  all 
things,  till  such  time,  as  by  her  highness'  commandment, 
the  statutes  might  be  fully  perused,  and  brought  to  per- 
fection :  and  so  confirmed  and  ratified  :  and  delivered  unto 
the  said  college,  from  thenceforth  invariably  to  be  ob- 
served and  kept.  He  trusted,  that  by  such  means  all 
things  should  be  stayed  quietly  and  godly:  as  her  gra- 
cious majesty,  so  tendering  learning  and  godliness,  would 
be  easily  inclined  to  such  a  good  work. 
"  And  that  as  for  him,  [the  lord  treasurer,]  so  endued 
with  zeal  towards  learning,  and  so  fatherly  tendering  the 
college  of  St.  John's,  he  doubted  not,  but  he  would  set 
forward  this  necessary  matter,  what  he  could.  And  he 
sent  withal  the  names  of  those  that  were  thought  most 
meet  for  the  commission :  adding,  that  none  of  the  house 
might  travail  in  this  matter,  because  of  their  oath.  And 
so  in  the  conclusion,  praying  the  Lord  Jesus  to  have  him 
in  his  blessed  keeping." 
Those  persons,  which  the  bishop  nominated  to  that  lord,  New  sta- 
for  the  inspecting  the  old  statutes,  and  settling  new  ones.  I"*?  ™*'^° 

^  '='  c5  5  for  St. 

were  Dr.  Pern,  Dr.  Harvy,  Dr.  Ithel,  and  Dr.  Whitgift,  all  John's  col- 
ancient  heads  of  colleges,  and  civilians  also,  except  the  last.  ^^^^'    . 
The  issue  was,   that  by  the  pains  and  diligence  of  these 
grave  and  experienced  men,  besides  the  high  chancellor  and 
the  bishop,  a  new  set  of  statutes  was  at  last  framed  and 
established  for  that  house. 

Another  college's  affair  occurs  this  year  in  the  other  yni-  a  case  be- 
versity,  namely,  that  of  Christ's  Church,  Oxon:  which  will  ^gJ^J„j„. 


554!       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    not  be  out  of  place  here  to  adjoin.  The  case  was  this :  Tho. 
^-        Ravis  and  Edward  Carow,  both  educated  at  Westminster 


Anno  1575.  school,  Were  sent  this  year  thence  to  that  college  to  be 
ster  school  elected  students.    But  were  refused,  a  letter  from  the  queen 

and  Christ  .    .  ,.  ,  i  •        i 

Church,  requmng  or  recommendmg  another  person  to  be  received 
Oxon.  i^y  ^Y\e  dean  and  canons.  Whereupon  they  both  wrote  their 
letters  of  complaint  against  the  college  to  the  lord  treasurer 
Burghley :  especially  that  lord  having  sent  a  recommenda- 
tory letter  with  Ravis,  when  he  repaired  to  Oxford.  But 
Ravis  finding  no  admission,  signified  to  that  lord  his  ill  suc- 
cess, in  a  well-penned  Latin  epistle :  which  is  dated  in  Ja- 
nuary. I  shall  give  the  contents  of  it,  the  rather,  because  he 
was  that  Ravis  that  was  afterwards  bishop  of  London ;  viz. 
Ravis,  a  "  That  he  went  with  his  lordship's  letters  to  Oxford,  and 

stilchoiar, "  delivered  them,  and  that  he  had  tarried  there  for  some 
refused  by  «  time,  expecting  the  accustomed  benefit,  [of  Westminster 
ege.  ^^  gj.]^Q|jjj.g^-j  \^yji  ^vas  forced  to  come  back  without  it ;  omni 
374"  */>^  derelictus ;  when  nothing  was  done  that  the  lord 
"  treasurer  required.  And  that  the  reason,  when  Ravis  in- 
"  quired,  he  found  to  be;  that  it  was  a  matter  in  doubt, 
"  whether  they  should  prefer  the  statute  of  Westminster 
"  school  before  certain  letters  of  the  queen  :  [who  had  sent 
"  her  letters  to  them,  to  elect  some  other  person  ;  and  both 
"  they  could  not  do :]  the  resolution  of  which,  they  left  to 
"  be  determined  by  his  judgment.  Ravis  urged  that  lord 
"  to  determine  in  behalf  of  that  statute  of  Westminster. 
"  And  that  he  having  now  a  power  of  deciding  this  matter 
"  in  the  behalf  of  poor  scholars,  inflamed  towards  the  study 
"  of  learning,  would  do  that  good  work  to  determine,  ntrum 
"  ilia  Westmonasterii  schola,  tua  semper  bonitate  munita, 
"  pristino  eoque  leffitimo  emolumento  spoUetur,  ac  jamdiu 
"  rerum  injuria,  et  tenijjorinn  iniqiiitate  vexata,  aliquando 
"  per  te  tuamque  mansuetudinem  recreetur^'' 

This  letter  came  backed  the  same  day  with  another  from 
the  other  scholar,  Edw.  Carow :  telling  that  lord,  "  how 
"  both  his  own  hope,  et  quanta  omnium  illius  gymnasii 
"  sahi^  in  te  sita,  et  alhcata  sit.  Non  mea  solum,  sed  totius 
"  Westmonasterii  Jam  res  agitur.     And  that  this  matter 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  555 

"  now  in  doubt  was  the  pillar  of  that  shop  of  eloquence:    CHAP. 
"  [as  he  called  that  school.]    And  that  if  that  were  broken    ^'^^^' 
"  or  weakened,  the  whole  house  would  inevitably  fall,  and  Anno  1575. 
"  come  flat  to  the  ground." 

The  lord  treasurer  seemed  to  be  on  the  scholars'  side.  Lord  trea- 
For  in  a  letter  that  he  had  writ  to  the  college,  he  blamed  ^^l"^^^  ^*' 
them  for  their  neglect  in  electing  Westminster  scholars :  Christ's 
and  that  the  year  before,  they  admitted  but  one  of  three  about  the 
scholars  from  Westminster,  though  they  had  room  for  more.  sci'oJars- 
The  dean  of  Westminster  seemed  also  to  have  put  the  said 
lord  on  to  write  this. 

But  in  this  reproof,  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Christ's 
Church  were  concerned  to  vindicate  themselves.  And  for 
that  purpose  they  sent  their  letters,  and  Mr.  Dorset,  one  of 
their  canons,  up  to  the  said  lord  treasurer,  to  inform  and 
satisfy  him,  that  these  were  false  suggestions,  and  that  his 
lordship  was  abused  with  such  false  reports.  And  they  de- 
sire, that  master  dean  of  Westminster,  and  the  said  Dorset, 
might  both  appear  before  him ;  and  that  he  would  hear 
both  of  them.    The  sura  of  their  letter  was  : 

"  That  the  last  year,  1574,  they  had  then  but  one  place  Their  letter 
"  indeed  void  :  and  so  but  one  this  year.  And  that  their  |J|  ^,"^^'^'^j^ 
*'  case  was  but  ill  for  the  most  part.  Because  several  scholars  vindication. 
"  used  to  get  letters  from  the  queen,  and  others  got  them- 
"  selves  elected.  And  all  crowded  into  the  college  with  ex- 
"  pectation  to  be  admitted :  and  would  cry  out  loudly 
"  against  the  college,  if  they  were  not  all  received ;  whereas 
"  there  wanted  other  places  and  rooms  for  them.  And  then 
"  it  may  be,  they,  one  or  two  of  three  or  four  that  came, 
"  were  elected.  Thus  at  this  time  there  were  four  came  to 
"  them  :  two  brought  letters  from  the  queen  for  places  :  and 
"  two  others  chosen  at  Westminster,  last  St.  Peter's  day. 
"  Now,  what  to  do  they  consulted :  and  not  knowing  what, 
"  they  now  beseeched  him,  that  he  would  direct  them  (see- 
"  ing  they  could  place  but  one)  which  to  take,  and  which 
"  to  refuse.  That  so  they  might  neither  give  cause  of  of- 
"  fence  to  the  queen,  nor  seem  to  break  the  orders  set  down 
*'  for  Westminster." 


556       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        And  whereas  it  was  also  suggested  to  that  lord,  that  the 
-    '        college  could  have  no  better  choice  of  scholars  to  admit, 


"&" 


Anno  1675. than   out  of  Westminster  school;  to  this  they  answered, 

oJd  a  That  if  they  were  free,  they  might  make  choice  of  a  great 

"  many,  both  poor  and  towardly:  who  were  not  only  gram- 

"  marians,  as  Westminster  scholars  were,  but  logicians  of 

"  two  or  three  years  standing :  and  yet  could  attain  no  bene- 

"  fit  nor  standing  in  their  college.      And  so  in  fine  they 

"  commended   the  whole  cause  between  them  and  West- 

"  minster  to  his  lordship." 

The  sect  of      About  this  time,  or  somewhat  before,  a  sect  that  went  by 

the  family    ^j^^  name  of  the  family  of  love  began  to  be  taken  notice 

or  love  ta-  ^y  i/     ^  o 

ken  notice  of.  It  was  derived  from  Holland ;  where  one  H.  N.  [i.  e. 
Henry  Nicolas]  was  the  foimder  of  it.  A  company  of  these 
were  discovered  in  the  parish  of  Balsham  in  Cambridge- 
shire, the  bishop  of  Ely's  diocese.  In  this  society  was  one 
Robert  Sharp,  parson  of  Strethal  in  Essex,  and  divers  other 
persons  of  good  reputation.  These  were  taken  up :  but 
when  they  catne  to  be  examined  before  Dr.  Perne,  the  rec- 
tor of  that  parish,  they  were  found  to  be  none  of  that  sect, 
but  suspected  only :  because  they  used  to  meet  together  on 
certain  holydays  after  supper.  And  there  they  read  the 
scriptures,  and  sung  psalms,  and  conferred  together  upon 
matters  of  religion,  and  propounded  questions,  for  the  edi- 
fying themselves  in  godliness.  And  this  these  well-disposed 
persons  did,  instead  of  the  common  custom  on  holydays  of 
carding  and  dicing,  and  spending  the  time  at  alehouses. 
And  accordingly,  they  made  a  declaration  and  confession  of 
this,  and  of  their  sober  opinions  and  doctrines;  and  sub- 
Life  of  mitted  to  authority.  All  which  was  certified,  and  given  in 
Archbishop  y     p^.  Pern,  Decemb.  anno  1574.  The  said  confession  and 

Parker,  -^ 

book  iv.       declaration  we  have  set  down  at  large  elsewhere. 

-gj^jj.  pgj.tjjjj|  jt  jg   l\^g^l  these  that  went  by  the  name  of  the 

Apolotjy  of  .  "^ 

the  family  family  of  love  did  spread  themselves :  and  about  this  year 
forlrthif  ^^^^y  ^^^  ^°^^^^  ^  ho*^  in  behalf  of  themselves :  written  by 
year.  one  of  the  queen"'s  menial  servants,  as  the  title-page  pre- 

tended.   It  was  cntided,  An  Apology^  and  presented  by  the 
author  to  the  parliament  that  then  was.     This  book  was  re- 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  557 

printed  in  the  times  of  libertinism,  anno  1656,  by  Giles    CHAP. 

•        •  .  XXXV 

Calvert.     It  bare  this  title,  An  apology  for  the  service  of_ 


love^  and  the  people  that  ozon  it,  commonly  called,  the  fa-Anaoi575. 
mily  of  love.  Being  a  plain  but  groundly  discourse  about 
the  right  and  true  Christian  religion.  "  Set  forth  dialogue- 
"  wise,  between  the  citizen,  the  countryman,  and  an  exile. 
"  As  the  same  was  presented  to  the  high  court  of  par- 
"  liament  in  the  time  of  queen  Elizabeth :  and  penned  by 
"one  of  her  majesty's  menial  servants:  who  was  in  no 
"  small  esteem  with  her,  for  his  known  wisdom  and  godli- 
"  ness."  There  was  also  set  at  the  end  of  the  Apology  an 
account  of  their  faith,  entitled,  A  brief  rehearsal  of  the  be- 
lief of  the  good-willing  in  England,  which  are  named  the 
family  of  love ;  with  the  confession  of  their  upright  Chris- 
tian religion,  against  the  false  accusation  of  their  against- 
spedkers.    Set  forth  likewise  anno  1575. 

Herein  they  profess  to  believe  the  apostles'*  creed,  as  it  is  Their  con- 
used  and  repeated  by  us.  Then  there  follows  an  orthodox  ti,eir  faith, 
confession  of  the  Trinity,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost. 
Then  the  confession  of  their  religion  :  viz.  "  That  consider- 
"  ing  the  great  love  of  God  towards  us  and  all  mankind  :  inSJ^ 
"  that  he  hath  created  the  man,  like  unto  his  own  image;  and 
"  also  set  him  in  the  fulness  of  life  ;  and  how  that  he  hath 
"  moreover  (when  we  were  become  his  enemies,  through 
"  the  transgressing  of  his  word,  and  children  of  death)  yet 
*'  further  extended  his  love  towards  us,  and  sent  his  only 
"  Son  Jesus  Christ  into  this  world.  Which  hath  to  our 
*'  atonement  suffered  the  death  of  the  cross,  we  ourselves 
"  being  guilty.  When  we  consider  all  this  great  love  ex- 
"  tended  on  us,  so  are  we  moved  to  love  him  again  :  stand- 
*'  ing  even  so  religati,  or  bound  again  (and  so  religious)  to 
"  love  the  same  God  of  life,  with  all  our  heart,  soul,  and 
"  might,  and  our  neighbour  as  ourselves.  And  for  that 
"  cause,  to  the  end  that  we  might  uprightly  shew  forth  the 
"  same,  both  in  the  deed  and  truth,  we  read  the  holy  scrip- 
"  tures  of  the  prophets  and  apostles  of  Christ ;  and  all  other 
"  books  which  exhort  us  unto  such  an  upright  hfe  and  love 
"  of  God  and  our  neighbours :  not  using  any  other  cere- 


558       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  monies,  laws,  statutes,  neither  sacraments  of  baptism  and 
^-  "  supper  of  the  Lord,  than  such  as  are  ministered  in  the 
Anno  1575."  church  of  England.  And  to  that  end,  obey  we  also  our 
"  sovereio-n  lady  the  queen  ;  and  the  magistrates,  our  fore- 
"  goers,  both  spiritual  and  temporal.  And,  that  of  God's 
"  behalf,  and  even  for  our  conscience  and  the  peace's  cause. 
"  Paying  all  tribute  unto  these  said  magistrates  ;  living 
"  obediently  and  subject-like,  even  as  it  is  meet  and  right, 
"  under  their  laws.  And  also,  deahng  with  all  men  up- 
"  rightly,  faithfully,  and  charitably ;  even  as  we  ourselves 
«  would  gladly  be  dealt  withal  at  their  hands;  keeping  like- 
"  wise  peace  with  all  men,  so  far  as  is  possible  for  us.  And 
"  that,  being  told  to  be  the  fulfilling  both  of  the  law  and 
"  the  prophets,  and  likewise  the  doctrine  of  Christ  and  his 
"  apostles,  (as  is  said,)  contained  in  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
"  ment.  And  our  conscience  beareth  us  record,  that  all 
"  such  single-minded  ones  ought  to  be  defended  by  the  go- 
*'  vernors  from  injustice  and  tyrannical  oppression.  This 
"  same  is  finally  the  contents  of  our  belief,  and  die  ground 
"  of  our  religion." 
The  reason  They  assign  also  the  reason  of  their  setting  forth  this 
of  their  set-  I    J    i^^hef  in  Uicse  words,  "  Forasmuch  as  we  are  bruited 

ting  forth  ^ 

the  same.  "  and  defamed  with  many  manner  of  false  reports  antl  lies 
"  by  certain  malicious  and  slanderous  persons,  that  never 
"  yet  communed  with  us  of  any  such  thing,  as  they  crimi- 
"  nate  and  charge  us  withal ;  to  the  great  defacing  and 
<■'  hindering  of  us  and  our  good  name  and  fame  among 
"  such  to  whom  we  rest  as  yet  unknown.  For  diat  they 
"  might  thereby  bring  us  into  contempt  and  obloquy.  And 
"  so  make  us  detestable  and  monstrous  before  die  eyes 
"  of  the  common  people.  As  also  have  moved,  with  their 
«  slanderous  reports,  the  spiritual  rulers  and  magistrates,  to 
"  cast  some  of  us  into  prison ;  and  drive  us  therethrougli 
"  to  great  trouble  and  charges.  Whereas  men  have  not 
"justly  to  blame,  accuse,  detect,  or  burden  us,  as  trans- 
"  gressors  of  the  law :  be  it  against  any  of  the  queen  s  nia- 
"  jesty's  proceedings  in  causes  ecclesiastical,  or  else  in  her 
"  political  laws  of  government,  in   causes   temporal.     But 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  559 

have  always  shewed  ourselves  (like  as  become  liege  sub-    CHAP. 
jects  to  do)  to  live  and  walk  in  all  dutiful  obedience  loy- '_ 


"  ally  towards  the  same."  Anno  1575. 

This  was  the  fair  profession  and  protestation  they  made; 3^7 
but  how  they  were  represented  in  these  times  by  others,  and  Represent- 
who  chiefly  were  their  accusers,  and  what  the  great  crimes  detestable 
laid  to  their  charge  were,  may  be  learned  from  their  said  sectaries. 
Apology :  viz.  "  That  they  were  bruited  forth  (and  that 
"  chiefly  by  the  preachers)  for  the  most  detestable  sectaries 
"  or  heretics  that  ever  reigned  on  the  earth ;  yea,  and  as 
"  people  not  worthy  to  live  in  a  commonwealth.  That  they 
"  denied  Christ,  the  Trinity,  and  the  Lord's  Prayer.  That 
"  they  were  libertines,  and  laid  with  one  another's  wives. 
"  That  they  desired  to  have  all  men's  goods  in  common. 
"  That  they  w^ould  have  no  magistrates.  That  they  ac- 
*'  counted  whoredom,  murder,  poisoning,  &c.  to  be  no  sin. 
"  That  they  denied  the  resurrection  of  the  flesh,  and  the 
"  immortality  of  the  soul.  That  they  justified  themselves 
"  by  their  works  without  Christ :  and  that  they  confounded 
*'  the  scriptures,  and  would  not  have  them  used ;  and  said, 
"  that  they  lived  without  sin.  That  they  were  against  the 
"  state :  and  that  they  would  obey  Turk,  pope,  or  any 
"  other,  of  what  religion  soever,  under  whom  they  dwelt. 
"  And  that  when  they  were  commanded  of  a  magistrate  to 
"  render  an  account  of  their  faith,  or  religion,  they  used  to 
"  dissemble,  and  meant  not  the  same  that  they  said." 

Whether  this  sect  of  the  service  of  love  were  of  such  pro- Persons  of 
fligate  principles  and  practices  may  be  doubted;  but  that^j  i^^./"" 
anabaptists  and  libertines  (of  whom  those  crimes  were  toosi'roud 
true)  shrouded  themselves  under  those  of  this  denomination,  under  tiiis 
may  be  justly  suspected.  **^*^*" 

And  when  this  writer  comes  to  point  out  who  their  great  Their 
enemies,  and  such  as  exposed  them  to  suff'ering  and  irapri-  ^^rteT  u  ' 
sonment,  were,  he  sheweth,  that  they  were  such  as  taught  tiieir  ac- 
men  disobedience  to  magistrates  and  laws,  and  usually  cited 
that  place  of  scripture.  It  is  better  to  obey  God  than  man: 
such  as  drew  the  people's  hearts  from  obedience  to  fan- 
tasies: and  who,  of  all,  were  the  most  dangerous,  and  whose 


pon 


560       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK   own  company  were,  by  the  higher  powers,  dealt  withal  for 
those  very  things  which  their  teachers  say  concerning  them. 


Anno  1575.  For  they,  indeed,  were  the  persons  that  would  have  no  go- 
vernors, &c.     And  while  they  set  all  men   to  wonder  at 
them,  [of  xhejamily  of  love,]  they  themselves  were  guilty. 
And  then  the  same  apologist  descendeth  more  particularly 
to  describe  those  that  persecuted  them,  insomuch  that  they 
were  cast  into  dvmgeons  and  prisons :   that  they  were  a  cer- 
tain sort,  that,  besides  other  lawful  officers  and  spiritual  go- 
vernors, were  crept  in  amongst  them,  scattered  almost  the 
land  through ;  which  also  had  gotten  great  stipends  out  of 
men'^s  benevolence ;  and  they  preached  without  either  order 
from  her  majesty,  or  any  public  authority ;  yea,  and  were 
supposed  to  be  to  the  number  of  four  or  five  thousand. 
And  (which  was  further  to  be  noted)  they  paid  no  tenths 
nor   subsidies.     Also,  they  cried   out   against  all  spiritual 
offices  and  officers,  although  they  were  found  meet  for  that 
function  by  learned   men,  and  thereto  had  authority,  by 
laws  and  statutes  confirmed ;  whom  notwithstanding  they 
called,  and  taught  others  to  call   them,  dumb  dog's,  and 
sleeping  hounds,  with  such  like  names.     Whom  to  redress, 
her  majesty  had  granted  commissions  [ecclesiastical.]    "  But 
"  wot  you  what  T''  added  he.  "  Those  for  whose  reformation 
378  "  the  same  was  granted  have  so  prettily  handled  the  mat- 
"  ter,  that  they,  either  by  substitution  of  commission,  or 
"  else  by  some  other  trick,  have  now  to  deal  in  the  com- 
"  mission  themselves  by  their  own  hands :  and  so  compel 
"  men  to  yield  to  their  dangerous  attempts.    By  whom  also 
"  they  [of  the  Jamily]   were   thus  strangely  handled.     A 
"  strange  metamorphosis!   when   the  offenders  against  all 
"  laws  are  made  judges  over  the  true  observers  of  all  good 
"  laws,  and  reverencers  of  all  authority."" 
Their  opi-        I  will  mention  a  principle  or  two  which  they  owned,  and 
destinatfon"  '^^  leave  them.     The  one  was  their  judgment  oi prcdestma- 
tion.   There  are  two,  (as  they  write  in  their  Apology,)  with 
their  members,  that  are  predestinated,  or  preordained ;  the 
one  unto  preservation,  and  the  other  unto  condemnation, 
from  the  beginning.     The  one  is  Christ,  the  man  of  God, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  561 

pi-edestinated  unto  preservation;  and  with  him  all  his  in-  CHAP. 

Y  "Y  Y  \T 

corporated  members.     The  other  is  the  man  of  sin,  Anti- 


christ, predestinated  unto  condemnation;  and  in  him  all  his  Anno  1575. 
incorporated  members.  As  for  any  other  predestination  than 
this,  (come  it  out  of  Turkey  or  elsewhere,)  I  know  not  of 
it. 

They  allowed  of  going  to  mass.  For  when  the  countri^- They  Mow- 
man^  one  of  the  speakers  in  the  dialogue,  had  told  the  ewile^  mas°.'"^ 
the  other  speaker,  that  they  were  suspected  to  be  supersti- 
tious papists,  and  that  this  administration,  called  the  ser- 
vice of  love,  was  published  to  the  end  to  maintain  all  su- 
perstition and  abuse  in  the  Roman  religion ;  he  answered, 
that  in  truth,  so  far  forth  as  he  could  perceive,  the  author 
of  those  books,  [viz.  H.  N.]  in  the  ministration  of  love,  did 
neither  maintain  nor  allow  of  any  manner  of  superstition 
frequented  in  the  Roman  or  popish  church  :  but  indeed  he 
seemed  so  to  open  and  disclose  the  first  ground  of  the  same 
religion,  and  the  signification  of  every  thing,  [i.  e.  by  fa- 
vourable allegories,]  as  well  their  sacraments  as  ceremonies; 
as  willing  that  every  one  that  should  happen  to  dwell  where 
the  same  were  by  the  laws  of  the  land  allowed,  and  being 
commanded  to  obey  their  rulers  and  their  laws,  and  for 
obedience  sake  not  to  rebel  in  any  case,  that  they  rather 
should  ffo  to  church  where  the  same  were  administered ; 
and  there  to  make  mark  only  upon  the  signification  of  the 
same,  and  what  a  Christian  life  and  obedience  to  God  and 
governors,  the  same,  in  their  right  signification,  do  ask  and 
require  of  them.  And  yet  he  acknowledged  them  no  other- 
wise but  as  sacraments,  ceremonies,  signs,  images,  figures, 
or  shadows  of  good  and  holy  things.  But,  however,  he  put 
the  countryman  out  of  doubt,  that  they  utterly  detested 
[notwithstanding  this  compliance]  all  superstitious  papistry. 
By  these  passages  and  hints,  we  may  understand  what  sort 
of  men  and  principles  thh  Janiili/,  or  service  of  love,  in  these 
days  consisted  of.  And  which  appeared  again  openly  in 
the  time  of  the  anarchy  in  the  last  age :  now,  I  think,  ex- 
tinct. For  I  remember,  a  gentleman,  a  great  admirer  of 
that  sect,  within  less  than  twenty  years  ago,  told  me,  that 

VOT,.  II.  o  o 


562       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    there  was  then  but  one  of  \\\e  family  of  love  alive,  and  he 
•        an  old  man. 


Anno  1575.      Rut   notwithstanding   the   above   fair   representation   of 
^""'f  °\,     themselves,  their  practices  and  opinions  were  found  so  erro- 

the  family  '  ^  ^  j  t»      ii 

recant.        neous  and  dangerous,  that  five  of  them  recanted  at  Faul  s 
Annals.       Cross  in  the  month  of  June. 

379      Divers  other  odd  sects,  about  these  times,  bearing  pretty 
Other  sects  fantastical  names,  had  their  proselytes :  as  the  family  of  the 
of  famiiieT,  moiint,  the  family  of  the  essenfialists^  &c.  All  which  seemed 
to  be  no  other  than  some  subdivision  and  slips  of  the  family 
of  love.     And  of  these,  some  were  ministers.     Of  these  was 
one  John  Etchard,  minister  of  Darsham  in  Suffolk;  and 
another  was  John  Eaton.     I   shall  give  the  reader  some 
strictures  of  a  letter  of  the  former,  without  date,  but,  as  it 
seems,  near  this  time,  Avith  some  mention  of  the  latter.     I 
met  with  it  in  the  Paper  Office  at  AVhitehall.    On  the  back- 
side whereof  was  endorsed,  PsendapostoUcal.     It  beginneth 
thus : 
Etchard,  '•  To  all  you  faithful  in  Christ  Jesus;  saints  by  calling; 

se"c't*'his"^  "justified  by  his  blood  and  righteousness,  and  sanctified 
letter.  a  \yy  f^ith  in  him ;  that  take  the  Lord  Jesus  to  be  your 
Office.  *'  wisdom,  righteousness,  sanctification,  and  redemption : 
"  grace,  mercy,  and  peace  to  you  from  God  our  Father, 
"  and  from  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  When  the  apostle  Paul 
"  foresaw  that  he  was  ready  to  be  offered  up,  and  the  time 
"  of  his  departure  was  at  hand,  he  said,  I  have  fought  a 
"  goodjight.  Sec  So  likewise  the  faithful  servant  of  Jesus 
"  Christ,  Mr.  John  Eaton,  that  planter  with  Paul,  and  fa- 
"  ther  of  many  children,  &c.  For  to  your  knowledge  he 
"  begat  many  in  the  faith,  and  the  Lord  blessed  his  la- 
"  hours,"  &c.  In  the  margin  of  this  letter  is  added  this 
note :  John  Eaton  zvas  divers  years  questioned  and  cen- 
sured hy  the  high  commission^  for  maintaining,  that  God 
cannot  see  sin  in  the  justified.  And  then,  applying  those 
words  of  St.  Paul  to  himself,  speaking  to  Timothy,  "  Thou 
"  ha^t  fully  known  my  doctrine,  manner  of  living,  purpose, 
^^  faith,  long-suffei-ing,  love,  patience,  persecutions,  afflkc- 
"  tions,  which  came  upon  me  at  London,  Norwich,  a?id 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  BGS 

*'  WickJiani.      Which  persecutions  I  silvered.     But  from    CHAP, 

"  them  all  the  Lord  delivered  me,  &c.     You,  believers,  are    ^^^^- 

"  dead  to  sin  before  God,  and  buried  also,  as  you  are  bu- Anno  1575. 

"  ried  with  him  in  baptism.     And  as  men  do  not  use  to 

"  mortify  hira  that  is  dead  and  buried  already,  so  believers 

"  do  not  take  away  dieir  sins  out  of  God's  sight  by  morti- 

"  fication ;  because  they  are  dead  and  buried  unto  sin  be- 

"  fore  God  in  Christ  already,  by  God  in  baptism.     So  that 

"  though  we,  by  virtue  of  the  Spirit,  do  mortify  our  mem- 

"  bers  upon  earth,  yet  the  Spirit  of  God  doth  know  that 

"  their  sin  is  pardoned,  washed  away,  and  put  out  of  God's 

"  sight ;  covered,  and  not  imputed.     Which  all  signify  the 

"  same  thing ;  that  is,  perfect  remission  of  sin."     By  which 

words  he  seemed  to  hold  no  sin  in  God's  people. 

The  sectaries  of  ihe  Jamlly  (rf  the  mount  held  all  things  The  family 
common,  and  lived  in  contemplation    altogether;  denying ?J*^® 
all  prayers,  and  the  resurrection  of  the  body.     They  ques-  Paper- 
tioned,  whether  there  were  an  heaven  or  an  hell,  but  what  is      '^^' 
in  this  life.     And  they  said,  that  what  the  scriptures  spake 
of,  was  begun  and  ended  in  men's  bodies  here,  as  they  do 
live.     As  heaven  was,  when  they  do  laugh  and  are  merry; 
and  hell,  when  they  are  in  sorrow,  grief,  or  pain.     And 
lastly,  they  believed  that  all  things  came  by  nature.     This 
was  acknowledged  by  one  that  had  been  of  their  society,  to 
be  held  by  them  when  he  kept  them  company ;  and  many 
other  things  as  bad,  or  worse. 

l^he  Jamily  of  the  essentialists  had  their  opinions  from  3 go 
one  Mrs.  Dunbar,  a  Scotch  woman.     These  held  there  was'i'he  family 
no  sin  at  all:  but  what  is  done,  God  doth  all,  in  what  kind sentiaiists. 
soever  it  be.     One  Lockley,  a  tailor,  one  of  these,  used  to 
say.  Sin?   What  sin,  man?   The7'e  is  no  man  sinneih  at  all. 
He  said  further,  in  contempt  of  the  holy  altar  in  the  church, 
where  the  Lord's  supper  is  celebrated,  that  the  altar  did 
stand  like  a  cook's  dresser-board.     This  man  had  many 
meetings  up  and  down,  and  would  spend  20Z.  or  30/.  at  a 
sitting. 

These,  and  the  like,  were  the  spawn  and  improvements  H.Nicoias's 
of  i\ns,Jamilyqflove;  of  the  which,  Henry  Nicolas,  of  Hol-^ro„f,j  J 

O  o  2  tliese  sects* 


564       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  land,  was  the  founder:  whose  books  and  writings  were 
^'        brought  over  hither,  and  translated ;  and  secretly  dispersed 

Anno  1575.  and  sold,  as  wonderful  discoveries.  One  of  them  was  his 
Rules  of  Perfection ;  especially  his  book  called  Theologe 
Germane.  There  were  of  them  in  Latin  MSS.  And  one 
Fisher,  a  barber,  wrote  them  out,  and  sold  them,  after  (as 
it  is  likely)  they  were  translated  into  English.  In  these 
papers,  whence  I  extract  these  things,  there  were  also  set 
down  the  names  of  those  of  the  sects,  and  the  places  where 
they  dwelt.  Which  were  undoubted  the  confessions  of  some 
of  them  brought  before  the  commissioners  ecclesiastical. 

Anabaptists      The  anabaptistical  sect,  that  sprang  from  Germany,  was 

condemned,  ,  .    •,,  -i  x>    .1 

submit.  now  not  uncommon  here,  especially  such  as  were  01  tlie 
Dutch  nation.  This  year,  five  of  them,  condemned  for  he- 
resy, submitted  themselves ;  namely,  Hendric  Ter  Woort, 

Gerard  Van  Byler,  Jan  Peters,  Hans  Vanderstrate,  

Hemels.     Confessing  now  to  believe  Christ's  incarnation, 
the  baptizing  of  children,  the  office  of  magistrates,  to  be  ne- 
cessary, and  owning  the  lawfulness  of  swearing.     The  form 
of  their  recantation  and  penance  at  PauFs  Cross  is  set  down 
Stow's        hy  John  Stow,  under  this  year ;  being  performed  by  them 
Annals.       there  on  Easter-day.  Yet  I  find  two  anabaptists  were  burnt 
burnt:  and  in  SniithficUl  iiot  long  after,  viz.  July  22;  namely,  John 
why.  Wielmacker  and  Hendrick  Ter  Woort,  (who  it  seems  had 

recanted  before,  if  it  were  the  same,)  after  that  they  had 
been  sixteen  weeks  in  prison.  The  privy  council  would  not 
spare  them,  notwithstanding  the  earnest  intercession  of  the 
Dutch  MSS.  Dutch  congregation,  for  divers  weighty  reasons  laid  before 
them.  But  the  chief  causes  of  their  executions  were,  be- 
cause they  would  not  own  them  for  Christian  magistrates, 
and  had  been  banished  a  year  before. 
Cart-  But  the  sectaries  of  most  account,  and  that  created  the 

SecondVe-  State  most  trouble,  were  those  that  followed  Tho.  Cart- 
piy  comes  wright,  and  others  of  that  sort,  who,  condemning  the  episco- 
pal government  of  the  church,  laboured  the  overthrow  of 
the  bishops  and  their  revenues,  and  much  of  the  form  of 
the  liturgy  established  and  used.  Some  account  hath  been 
given  elsewhere  of  his  writings  in  behalf  of  the  Admonition 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  565 

to  the  'parliament,  and  against  the  learned  books  of  Dr.    CHAP. 
Whitgift,  confuting  that  Admonition,  and  in  vindication  of '_ 


this  church.     The  said  Cartwright''s  last  book,  wherein  he  Anno  1575. 
had  the  last  word,  (called  his  second  Reply  to  Dr.  IVhitg-'ift,)  ^"^^^.  "^ 
came  out  this  year,  printed   (as  it  seems  by  the  letter)  in  vviiitgift. 
Holland.     This  hath  been   sufficiently  taken  notice  of  in 
Archbishop  Whitgift''s  Life.     I  shall  only  here  observe  the  ^'^°'^  >• 
haughty  and  abusive  sj)irit  of  the  man,  by  two  or   three  00,' 
passages  in  the  said  second  Reply.    Whereof  this  was  one : 
"  Because  the  answerer  [i.  e.  Whitgift]  will  yield  no  obe- 
"  dience  unto  the  truth,  unless  she  take  him  by  the  collar, 
"  and  have  her  hand  upon  his  throat,  the  fondness  of  the 
"  collection  shall  thus  appear  unto  him.""     This  was  his  ex- 
pression against  a  period  of  Dr.  Whitgift''s,  who,  disHking  an 
inference  of  Mr.  Cartwright's,  had  called  it  a  pretty  and 
fond  collection. 

Again ;  "  I  doubt  whether,  for  the  vanity  of  his  accusa- 
"  tion,  I  should  vouchsafe  it  of  answer,  which,  for  his  strong 
"  and  bitter  words,  might  seem  to  require  a  large  defence." 
Again ;  "  If  I  had  met  with  the  vainest  trifler  and  hawker 
"  after  syllables  which  can  possibly  be,  yet  the  sentence  I 
"  set  down  is  sufficiently  fenced  against  all  his  greediness  of 
"  snapping  at  it." 

Once  more;  "  Mr.  Doctor,  seeking  busily  to  hide  his  naked- 
"  ness,  findeth  not  so  much  as  a  fig-leaf  to  cover  his  shame 
"  withal ;  nay,  in  seeking  a  hole  to  hide  it,  hath  met  with  a 
"  hill,  to  shew  it  further  off'."  This  is  a  specimen  of  Cart- 
wriglit's  way  of  writing,  and  treating  his  adversary :  who 
thought  not  fit  to  give  that  Reply  any  answer,  when  it  was 
come  thus  to  words. 

It  was  the  favour  of  the  times  towards  Cartwright,  and  Sampson, 

,  ,  ,  ,  ,  T  1  \  •     master  of 

others  01  that  sort,  who  could  not  (or  wt)ula  not)  come  m  the  hospital 
to  serve  in  the  church  of  God  as  public  ministers,  to  permit  ^*  ^'^"^''^^^'■» 

^  1  •    1  deserves 

them  to  enjoy  places  of  another  nature  than  parochial  cures ;  well  of  it. 
as  hospitals  endowed;  and  they  dispensed  with  therein.  Thus 
as  the  aforesaid  Mr.  Caitwright  was  master  of  an  hospital  in 
Warwick,  and  Lever  another  near  Durham,  so  Dr.  Sampson 
had  the  hospital  in  Leicester,  wherein,  to  his  commendation, 

00  3 


56C       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    he  was  very  useful  in  respect  of  his  care  of  it:  and  twice 

^  did  good  service  to  it,  for  its  good  estate,  and  the  presei"va- 

Anno  1575.  fion  of  its  revenues.  Which  he  did  by  his  interest  with,  and 
application  to,  the  good  lord  treasurer.  It  was  a  few  years 
before  in  danger  of  ruin  by  the  decays  of  it,  which  was  re- 
medied by  the  favour  and  interposing  of  that  lord.  And 
now,  certain  tithes  granted  to  it  for  the  maintenance  of  hos- 
pitality there,  by  a  long  lease  from  the  abbey  of  Leicester, 
liad  been  begged  by  some,  after  the  expiration  thereof; 
Avhich  would  have  sunk  the  rents  of  the  hospital  much. 
Whereupon  Sampson,  in  the  month  of  October,  thus  ap- 
plied himself  in  a  letter  to  the  treasurer,  by  the  hand  of 
another,  himself  being  lame  of  the  palsy ;  (wherein  the  state 
and  case  of  the  hospital  will  appear.) 
His  letter  44  That  the  experience  which  he  had  of  his  favour  towards 
of  it.  "  that  hospital  in  a  great  matter  (as  himself  knew)  truly 

Paper-         44  tried,  did  encourage  him  in  another  matter  of  less  mo- 
Ortice.  '  ~     _ 

"  ment,  by  humble  suit  to  assay  his  favour  again  for  it. 
*'  The  case  was  this :  the  founders  of  that  hospital  had  by 
"  testament  at  their  deaths  bequeathed  unto  it  one  lease  of 
"  a  tuyth  [tith]  of  one  field,  lying  by  Leicester,  called  the 
"  south  Jield ;  which  they  had  taken  of  the  abbey  of  Leicester 
"  standing.  The  yearly  rent  of  which  tuyth  was  5Z.  Qs.  8d. 
*'  which  was  from  time  to  time  received  there  [at  the  hos- 
"  pital]  by  one  Mr.  Hunt ;  who,  as  he  understood,  was  an 
"  accountant  in  the  exchequer.  That  the  founders  had  in 
"  thiswise  left  the  same  for  a  necessary  maintenance  of  hos- 
382  "  pitality  unto  this  poor  liospital.  And  that  so  it  had  been 
^'  continued  unto  that  day.  In  which  said  lease,  granted  by 
"  the  abbot,  this  house  had  yet  nigh  thirty  years  to  come,  to 
"  enjoy:  but  that  such  was  the  unsatiableness  of  some  minds, 
"  that  (as  he  was  credibly  informed)  one  which  was  toward 
"  an  office,  made  an  assured  account  among  his  friends,  that 
"  he  had  already  gotten  this  tuyth  by  lease  in  reversion, 
"  and  thinketh  in  short  space  to  make  an  entry  into  the 
"  same. 

"  Indeed,  my  good  lord,  (as  he  proceeded  in  his  letter,) 
"  for  my  own  part,  I  need  not  to  be  greatly  careful  here, 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  567 

"  considerins-  the  length  of  the  term,  which  is  yet  to  come,    CHAP. 

"WW 

"  to  the  use  of  this  hospital ;  as,  if  it  pleased  his  honour,  he. 


"  might  see  by  the  lease  itself,  which  he  had  conmiitted  to  "^n""  i^75. 

"  the  keeping  of  the  bearer  thereof,  Mr.  Frauncis  Hastings ; 

"  whom  he  had,  he  said,  also  desired,  in  his  defect,  to  be 

"  their  procurator  in  this  behalf,  to  his  honour.     That  as 

"  the  founders  had  both  carefully  and  charitably  conveyed 

"  that  lease  by  testament  to  this  hospital,  for  maintenance  of 

"  relief  and  hospitality  therein,  so  woi.ild  he  [Sampson]  be 

"  right  glad  to  procure,  by  such  means  as  he  could,  that 

"  this  same  their  charitable  devise  might  still  continue  ac- 

"  cordingly.    And  loath  would  he  be,  to  have  the  same  cut 

"  off  in  his  time. 

"  And  therefore  he  was  in  this  behalf  humbly  to  make 
*'  two  suits  to  his  honour ;  the  granting  of  one  of  which 
"  should  suffice :  either  that  this  hospital  might  have  this 
"  lease,  which  now  it  enjoyed,  confirmed,  and  the  term  of 
"  years  augmented  by  her  majesty,  under  her  great  seal  of 
"  the  exchequer ;  or  else,  that  it  might  please  her  highness, 
"  by  his  lordship's  favourable  procurement,  to  grant  this 
"  same  tuyth  to  this  hospital  for  ever,  paying  to  her  high- 
"  ness,  her  heirs  and  successors,  the  annual  rent  of  5l.6s.Sd. 
"  And  that  if  either  of  these  might  through  his  goodness 
"  be  procured  to  this  hospital,  he  would  bind  it  to  pray  for 
"  him,  as  for  a  singular  Ijenefactor ;  not  only  for  repairing 
"  of  it,  when  it  Avas  in  danger  of  ruin  and  decay,  but  also 
"  for  this  recovering  of  this  poor  maintenance ;  without 
"  which  it  must  needs  decay.  And  thus  hoping  for  his 
"  favourable  answer  by  Mr.  Francis  Hastings,  the  bearer 
"  hereof,  he  humbly  took  his  leave,  recommending  him  to 
"  the  grace  of  God.  Dated  from  Leicester,  October  the 
«  28th,  1575," 

And  it  appeared  how  ready  the  lord  treasurer  was  to  do  Act  for  the 
this  good  thus  moved  :  for  an  act  was  procured,  (""doubt- Lg-^ester! 
edly  by  this  means,)  the  parliament  now  sitting,  for  con-D'Ewes' 
firmation  of  this  hospital.    And  the  bill  being  brought  down  p^sTs.  ' 
from  the  upper  house,  was  the  next  day  read  the  first,  se- 
cond, and  third  time,  and  passed.     So  quick  a  despatch  it 

o  o  4 


568      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    had,  that  the  pubhsher  of  the  journal  of  that  parliament  set 
this  note  at  it,  Quod  nuta. 
Anno  1575.      As  Dr.  SampsoH  had  thus  betaken  himself  to  the  lord 
iJishopPii-  treasurer  for  his  hospital,  so,  for  some  other  favours,  did 

Kington  ap-      _      ^  . 

plies  to  the  Pilkington,  the  good  old  bishop  of  Durham,  do,  (the  last 

fora"favour y^^*"  °^  ^^^  ^^^'^'  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^™^  ^^^  iihdW  hear  of  him,)  to 
to  his  see.  this  common  patron  of  the  clergy  and  their  causes.  The  one 
was  relating  to  his  office  as  treasurer,  viz.  that  he,  [the  bi- 
383  shop,]  for  preventing  the  trouble  of  his  sending  the  clergy ""s 
tenths,  and  the  danger  of  robbery  by  the  way,  might  pay 
them  in  at  Berwac,  as  the  other  bishops  m  those  parts  did. 
The  other  matter  which  he  desired  of  his  lordship  was,  to 
know  how  his  answer  for  the  lease  that  was  required  of  him, 
for  the  fishing  in  the  bishop's  waters  at  Norham,  was  taken ; 
to  be  made,  it  seems,  for  the  benefit  of  some  courtier :  which 
he  would  not  yield  to,  to  the  injury  of  the  bishopric.  Tho. 
Barnes,  his  next  successor,  did.  Surely,  added  he,  the  state 
of  that  place  is  miserable,  and  would  be  looked  to  without 
delay.  And  so  concluded,  praying  the  I^ord  of  hosts  to 
strengthen  the  weak  body  of  his  lordship,  long  to  serve 
him,  to  the  comfort  of  his  people.  I  add  this  the  rather,  it 
being  the  last  I  find  of  this  pious,  apostolical  bishop  and 
confessor. 
Peter Baro,  By  the  means  of  this  kindly  affectioned  nobleman,  Peter 
made  Mar-'  ^aro,  a  French  protestant,  of  good  learning,  fled  from  his 
garet  pro-  own  couutry,  for  avoiding  the  persecution,  was  made  this 
year  the  lady  Margaret's  professor  of  divinity  at  Cambridge : 
and  held  the  said  lecture  to  the  year  1596 ;  when  he  resigned 
it,  foreseeing,  that,  for  maintaining  some  doctrines  about 
universal  grace,  he  could  not  hold  it  much  longer.  His 
cause,  and  Barret's  of  Caius  college,  may  be  seen  at  large  in 
a  MS.  sometime  belonging  to  archbishop  Whitgift,  now 
lodged  in  Trinity  college,  Cambridge. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  569 

CHAP.  XXXVI. 

The  lord  treasurer  suspected  hy  the  queen  to  favour  the 
queen  of  Scots.  His  thoughts  thereof  in  a  piivate  letter 
to  the  eai'l  of  Shrewsbury .  News  at  court.  The  prince 
of  Orange  offers  the  queen  the  Loxo  Countries.  Addresses 
to  herj'rom  France  and  Spain.  Divers  jly  hither  from 
the  Loiv  Countries.  New  privy  counsellors.  A  project 
for  translating  of  bishops.  The  state  of  Ireland.  The 
good  service  of  the  earl  of  Essex  there.  Nic.  Morton, 
the  pope's  great  factor :  his  family.  Their  treasons  and 
conspiracies.  A  deappropriation.  Knights'' fees,  and  re- 
lief due  from  the  earl  of  Salop.    The  queeris  progress. 

X  HIS  good  lord  Burghley,  the  great  patron  and  asylum  Anno  1575. 

of  learned  and  pious  men,  met  himself  with  great  difficulty    "^  ''"^tu 
r  ^  o  J  suspects  the 

at  this  time  by  means  of  the  queen's  jealousy,  as  though  he  treasurer's 
secretly  favoured  the   Scottish   queen  against   her ;    which  ^^ards  the" 
some  of  his  back-friends  at  court  had  buzzed  in  her  majesty's  Scottish 
ears  in  his  absence  at  Buxton  well,  where,  with  the  queen's  why. 
leave,  he  was  gone  for  his  health  sake.    This  some  had  busily 
persuaded  the  queen  was  but  a  pretence,  that  he  might 
thereby  meet  the  Scottish  queen,  and  privately  confer  with 
her.     By  the  likelihood  whereof,  it  took  its  effect  with  the  384 
queen.     But  when  he  perceived  this  by  her  behaviour  to- 
wards him,  it  created  him  great  anxiety.     And  in  truth  he 
was  in  danger  of  her  frowns,  and  consequently  thereupon  of 
more  and  greater  harms.     This  he  wrote  very  privately, 
upon  a  particular  occasion,  to  the  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  who 
now  had  made  an  offer  of  marrying  his  son  to  that  lord's 
daughter:  which   he  therefore    declined    at  that  juncture, 
lest  it  might  more  confirm  the  queen  in  her  suspicion,  since 
this  earl  was  that  queen's  keeper  at  this  time.    And  there- 
fore, that  he  might  not  seem  to  slight  so  honourable  a  fa- 
vour offered  him  by  the  earl,  and  so  draw  on  him  his  dis- 
pleasure, and  yet  decline  the  motion  at  present,  he,  with  his 
own  hand,  gave  him   to  understand   his   present   circum- 
stances, to  this  purport  r 


570        ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 

Anno  1575. 
His  letter 
to  the  earl 
of  Shrews- 
bury there- 
upon. 


"  That  he  could  not  sufficiently  express  in  words  his  in- 
"  ward,  hearty  affection,  that  he  conceived  by  his  lordship's 
"  friendly  offer  of  the  marriage  of  his  younger  son ;  and 
"  that  in  such  a  friendly  sort,  by  his  own  letter,  and  pro- 
"  ceeding  from  himself.  Now,  as  he  thought  himself  much 
"  beholden  to  him  for  this  his  lordship''s  kindness,  and  ma- 
"  nifest  argument  of  a  faithful  good-will,  so  must  he  pray 
"  his  lordship  to  accept  his  answer,  with  his  assured  con- 
"  tinuance  in  the  same  towards  him.  That  there  were  espe- 
"  cially  two  causes,  why  he  did  not  in  plain  terms  consent 
"  by  way  of  conclusion  hereto.  The  one,  for  that  his 
"  daughter  was  but  young  in  years;  and  upon  some  rea- 
"  sonable  respect  he  had  determined  (notwithstanding  he 
"  had  been  very  honourably  oflf'ered  matches)  not  to  treat  of 
"  marrying  of  her,  (if  he  might  live  so  long,)  until  she  should 
"  be  above  fifteen  or  sixteen.  And  that  if  he  were  of  more 
"  likelihood  himself  to  live  longer  than  he  looked  to  do,  she 
"  should  not,  with  his  liking,  be  married  before  she  were 
"  eighteen  or  twenty.  But  the  second  cause  why  he  de- 
"  ferred  to  yield  to  conclude  with  his  lordship,  was  grounded 
*'  upon  such  a  consideration,  as,  if  it  were  not  truly  to  satisfy 
"  his  lordship,  and  to  avoid  a  just  offence  which  his  lord- 
"  ship  might  conceive  of  his  forbearing,  he  would  not  by 
"  writing  or  message  utter,  but  only  by  speech  to  himself." 
And  then  he  proceeded  to  the  cause  in  these  words  : 

"  My  lord,  it  is  over  true,  and  over  much  against  reason, 
'  that  upon  my  being  at  Buckston's  last,  advantage  was 
'  sought  by  some  that  loved  me  not,  to  confirm  in  her  ma- 
'  jesty  a  former  conceit,  which  had  been  laboured  to  be 
'  put  into  her  liead,  that  I  was  of  late  time  become  friendly 
'  to  the  queen  of  Scots,  and  that  I  had  no  disposition  to 
'  encounter  her  practices.  And  now,  at  my  being  at  Bux- 
'  ton's,  her  majesty  did  directly  conceive,  that  my  being 
'  there  was,  by  means  of  your  lordship  and  my  lady,  to  enter 
'  into  intelligence  with  the  queen  of  Scots.  And  hereof,  at 
'  my  return  to  her  majesty's  presence,  I  had  very  sharp  re- 
'  proofs  for  my  going  to  Buxton's,  with  plain  charging  of 
'  me  for  favouring  the  queen  of   Scots ;  and  that   in  so 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  571 

"  earnest  a  sort,  as  I  never  looked  for,  knowing  my  inte-    CHAP. 
"  gi'ity  to  her  majesty  ;  but  especially,  knowing  how  contra- 


"  rious  the  queen  of  Scots  conceived  of  me,  for  many  things  Anno  1575. 

"  past,  to  the  offence  of  the  queen  of  Scots.     But  it  was 

"  true,  as  he  continued,  that  he  never  indeed  gave  just  cause 

"  by  any  private  affection  of  his   own,  or  for  himself  to 

"  offend  the  queen  of  Scots;  but  that  whatsoever  he  did, 385 

"  was  for  the  service  of  his  own  sovereign  lady  and  queen : 

"  which,  if  it  were  yet  again  to  be  done,  he  would  do,  he 

*'  said.     And  that  though  he  knew  himself  subject  to  con- 

"  trary  workings  of  displeasure,  yet  would  he  not,  for  re- 

"  medy  of  any  of  them,  both  decline  from  the  duty  he  owed 

*'  to  God,  and  liis  sovereign  queen.     For  he  knew,  and  did 

"  understand,  that  he  was  in  this  contrary  sort  maliciously 

"  depraved ;  and  yet  in  secret  sort  on  the  one  part,  and  that 

"  of  long  time,  that  he  was  the  most  dangerous  enemy  and 

"  ill-wilier  to  the  queen  of  Scots  !  on  the  other  side,  that  he 

"  was  also  a  secret  well-wilier  to  her  and  her  title,  and  that 

"  he  had  made  his  party  good  with  her." 

AVhereupon  he  makes  this  reflection :  "  Now,  my  lord, 
"  no  man  can  make  both  these  true  together.  But  it  suf- 
"  ficeth  for  such  as  like  not  me  in  doing  my  duty,  to  de- 
"  prave  me;  and  yet  in  such  sort  it  is  done  in  darkness,  as 
"  I  cannot  get  opportunity  to  convince  them  in  light.  In 
"  all  these  crossings,  my  good  lord,  I  appeal  to  God,  who 
"  knoweth,  yea,  I  thank  him  infinitely,  who  directeth  my 
"  thoughts  to  intend  principally  the  service  and  honour  of 
"  God,  and  jointly  with  it  the  surety  and  quietness  of  my 
''  sovereign  lady  the  queen''s  majesty.  And  for  any  other 
"  respects,  but  that  may  tend  to  these  two,  I  appeal  to  God 
"  to  punish  me,  if  I  have  any.  As  for  the  queen  of  Scots, 
"  truly  I  have  no  spot  of  evil  meaning  to  her ;  neither  do  I 
"  mean  to  deal  with  any  titles  to  the  crown.  If  she  shall 
"  intend  any  evil  to  the  queen's  majesty,  my  sovereign,  for 
*'  her  sake,  I  must  and  will  mean  to  impeach  her;  and 
"  therein  I  may,  be  her  unfriend,  or  worse." 

And  then  turning  to  the  private  matter  between  them, 
that  gave  occasion  to  all  his  discourse  above,  he  subjoined  : 


572      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  Well,  now,  my  good  lord,  your  lordship  seeth  1  have 
^-  "  made  a  long  digression  from  my  answer.  But  I  trust 
Anno  1575."  your  lordship  can  consider  what  moveth  me  thus  to  di- 
"  gress.  Surely,  it  behoveth  me  not  only  to  live  uprightly, 
"  but  to  avoid  all  probable  arguments  that  maybe  gathered, 
"  to  render  me  suspected  of  her  majesty,  whom  I  serve 
"  with  all  dutifulness  and  sincerity.  And  therefore  he  ga- 
"  thered  this,  that  if  it  were  understood  that  there  were  a 
"  communication,  or  a  purpose  of  a  marriage  between  the 
"  earl's  son  and  his  daughter,  he  was  sure  there  would  soon 
"  some  advantage  be  sought  to  increase  these  sinister  sus- 
*'  picions.  For  which  purpose,  considering  the  young  years 
"  of  their  two  children,  and  supposing  the  matter  were  fully 
"  agreed  between  them,  the  parents,  yet,  since  at  present 
"  the  marriage  could  not  take  effect,  he  thought  it  best  to 
"  reserve  and  keep  this  motion  in  silence.  And  yet  so  to 
"  order  it  with  themselves,  that  when  time  should  hereafter 
"  be  more  convenient,  they  might,  and  then  also  with  less 
"  cause  of  vain  suspicion,  renew  it.  And  in  the  mean  time 
"  he  must  confess  himself  much  bounden  to  his  lordship  for 
"  his  goodness ;  wishing  his  son  all  the  good  education  that 
"  miffht  be  meet  to  teach  him  to  fear  God,  to  love  his  lord- 
"  ship,  his  natural  father,  and  to  know  his  friends  without 
"  any  curiosity  of  human  learning ;  which,  without  the  fear 
386"  of  God,  he  saw  did  great  hurt  to  all  youth  in  that  time 
"  and  age.""  And  so  this  wise  and  wary  nobleman  con- 
cluded, praying  him  to  bear  with  his  scribble,  which  he 
thought  his  lordship  would  hardly  read  ;  and  yet  he  would 
not,  he  said,  use  his  man's  hand  in  such  a  matter  as  this 
was.  Dated  from  Hampton-court,  the  24th  of  December, 
1575. 
News  at  The  news  at  court  now  was,  (as  I  take  it  from  a  letter  of 

^^'."^'         Francis  Talbot,  then  at  Hampton-court,  to  the  abovesaid 

Kpist.  D.  3  1' 

Com.  Salop,  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  his  father,)  "  That  the  matter  of 
"  choosing  counsellors  remained  doubtful,  but  daily  it  was 
"  looked  for,  that  some  new  ones  should  be  chosen,  [several 
"  of  the  old  ones  being  by  this  time  dead.]  That  there 
"  were  ambassadors  now  at  court  from  France,  both  from 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  573 

"  the  king  and  monsieur,  [duke  d'Alangou,  who  joined  him-    CHAP. 
"  self  with  the  protestants  in  those  civil  wars  and  confu- 


"  sions  then  in  that  kingdom.]  That  there  was  a  bruit  that  A'^o  1^75. 
"  monsieur  was  poisoned ;  but  no  advertisements  were  come 
"  to  the  contrary.  That  he  had  referred  his  cause  to  be 
"  dealt  in  by  her  majesty,  between  him  and  his  brother  the 
"  king.  How  her  majesty  would  please  to  deal  in  it  was 
"  not  yet  known  :  but  the  ambassadors  made  show  of  desire 
"  to  be  despatched.  That  sir  Henry  Cobham  was  there, 
"  returned  out  of  Spain,  with  answer  of  his  message." 
[Which  was  to  persuade  that  king  to  make  peace  with  the  Camd.  EHz. 
Netherlanders,  shewing  him  how  dangerous  their  revolt 
would  be,  especially  the  French  being  solicited  to  assist 
them  ;  which  the  queen  herself  was  jealous  of.] 

He  went  on  with  his  news;  "  That  there  was  come  one  The  prince 

PIT  r^  .of  Orange 

"  from  the  prince  of  Orange,  out  of   the  Low  Countries,  offers  tiie 
"  with  a  couple  of  chief  merchants  of  Flanders,  to  make  queen  the 

1  ,  Low  Coun- 

"  offer  of  the  country,  to  be  defended,  into  her  majesty's  tries. 
"  hands.  And  that  if  it  would  please  her  to  keep  it,  they 
"  would  betake  themselves  to  merchandry,  and  pay  her  ma- 
"  jesty  such  tribute  as  before  they  paid  to  the  king  of  Spain. 
"  And  that  they  also  required  speedy  answer.  That  the 
"  council  were  all  at  the  court.  That  the  city  daily,  and 
*'  the  ambassadors,  came  to  them :  and  the  ambassadors  had 
"  had  audience  twice.  That  her  majesty  was  troubled  with 
"  these  causes ;  which  made  her  very  melancholy,  and 
"  seemed  greatly  to  be  disquieted.  And  what  should  be 
"  done  in  these  matters,  as  yet  it  was  unknown.  But  she 
"  heard  the  ambassadors  on  all  sides  ;  who  laboured  greatly 
"  one  against  another.  And  that  her  majesty  had  it  put 
"  unto  her,  to  deal  both  between  the  king  of  Spain  and  the 
"  Low  Countries,  and  the  king  of  France  and  his  brother. 
"  And  that  her  majesty  might  deal  as  it  pleased  her :  for 
"  he  thought  they  were  both  weary  of  the  wars,  especially 
"  Flanders  ;  which,-  as  the  report  went,  was  utterly  wanting 
"  of  money,  munition,  and  powder :  and  therefore  had  of- 
"  fered  their  country  to  the  queen's  majesty."  This  was 
dated  from  Hampton-court  the  4th  of  February,  1575 ;  and 


574       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


subscribed,  Vour  lordship's  loving  and  most  obedient  son^ 
Frauncis  Talbot. 

And  such,  indeed,  was  the  sad  condition  of  the  people  of 
the  Low  Countries  at  this  time,  that  great  numbers  of  them 
had  fled  over  hither,  and  desired  to  join  with  the  Dutch 

Yet 


Ruytinck's 
Journal. 
Librar. 
Diilch  Ch. 


Anno  1575 
Foreigners 
Hy  hither 
from  Flan- 

cers:  ^''^I'^e  ^j^^^jj^.^!^  ^^^  Loudon,  and  to  become  members  thereof. 

to  be  mem-  ' 

hers  of  the  SO  tender  was  the  queen  of  breaking  with  that  proud  and 
church.  powerful  prince,  the  king  of  Spain,  that  she  would  not  admit 
387  of  this,  nor  give  countenance  to  such  as  fled  away  out  of 
these  countries  under  his  subjection.  For  it  is  remarkable 
what  is  set  down  and  recorded  in  a  journal  of  the  Dutch 
church  in  London,  written  by  Simeon  Ruytinck,  one  of 
their  ministers  in  those  times,  and  yet  preserved  in  their 
church  :  "  That  when  divers  foreigners  had  come  hither  on 
"  account  of  religion,  and  desired  to  be  admitted  in  com- 
"  munion  with  the  rest  of  the  Dutch  church,  the  queen 
"  hearing  of  it,  commanded  the  lord  mayor  to  disperse  them 
"  from  London.  Whereupon  they  applied  to  the  bishop  of 
"  London,  to  represent  their  case  to  the  queen  and  coun- 
"  cil."  Who  did  so.  And  the  council  sent  a  letter  in  an- 
swer to  the  said  church,  June  29, 1574,  in  favour,  that  that 
church  should  advise  those  new  members  to  depart  from 
London,  [where  they  were  more  obvious  to  be  taken  notice 
of  by  king  Philip's  spies,]  and  to  go  to  other  parts  of  the 
kingdom  ;  [where  there  were  also  churches  of  protestant 
professors.]    Which  that  church  did  accordingly. 

Whereas  mention  was  made  above  in  Mr.  Talbot's  letter 
concerning  the  discourse  at  the  queen's  court  of  some  new 
privy-counsellors ;  the  reason  thereof  was,  because  by  this 
time  a  great  many  of  the  old  ones  were  dead,  and  likewise 
of  the  old  nobility.  I  find  among  the  lord  Burghley's  MSS.  a 
paper  of  his  own  handwriting,  containing  the  names  of  such 
as  were  dead,  and  such  as  still  remained  alive,  and  also  of 
such  as  were  thought  fit,  by  reason  of  their  great  possessions, 
to  be  received  into  the  rank  of  the  nobility :  which  I  make 
no  doubt  was  to  be  laid  before  the  queen.  First,  there  be 
set  down  the  names  of  noblemen  and  knights,  and  other 
gentlemen,  counsellors  in  the  time  of  king  Edward,  from 


New  per- 
sons ad- 
mitted to 
the  privy- 
council. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  575 

the  first  of  that  king,  that  were  dead,  forty  in  number.    cHAP. 
And   only  four   in    this  year,   1575,  remained  alive  ;  viz.   XXXVI. 
Henry  earl  of  Arundel,  Edward  earl  of  Lincoln,  William  Anno' 1575, 
lord  Burghley,  and  sir  Ralph  Sadler.    And  of  the  catalogue 
of  queen  Mary's  council,  which  were  twenty-one,  two  only 
remained  then  alive,  viz.  archbishop  Hethe  and  sir  Francis 
Englefield.     Likewise  of  queen  Elizabeth's  counsellors,  six 
were   dead;   viz.   Thomas   duke  of  Norfolk,   sir   Edward 
Rogers,  sir  Tho.  Parry,  sir  Ambrose  Cave,  sir   Richard 
Sackvile,  and  Dr.  Wotton,     Remaining  alive,  lord  keeper 
Bacon,  lord  treasurer   Burghley,  Thomas  earl  of  Sussex, 
lord  chamberlain,  Edward  lord  Chnton,  lord  admiral,  Henry 
earl  of  Arundel,  Ambrose  earl  of  Warwick,  George  earl  of 
Salop.    So  that  there  were  but  seven  old  privy-counsellors, 
of  the  nobility,  alive. 

There  was  now  also,  upon  the  death  of  Matthew  Parker,  a  project 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  deliberation  had  about  the  trans- ["[.[^''^^"J^'g 
lation  of  the  bishops,  for  the  advancing  them  to  better  sees,  bishops  to 
The  reason  whereof,  whether  for  their  encouragement,  or"^*^' *'^^^" 
with  an  eye  rather  to  the  benefit  arising  to  the  treasury  by 
first-fruits,   I   do  not  determine.     Some  respect,  it  seems, 
was  had  to  the  latter,  because  in  the  catalogue  drawn  up, 
the  first-fruits  of  each  bishopric  is  noted.     And  it  seems 
probable  to  have  been  propounded  to  the  treasurer.    I  shall 
here  give  a  transcript  of  this  paper,  entitled,  A  note,  how  the 
bishoprics  in  England  may  he  transferred  without  any  just 
cause  of  much  offence  to  the  bishops.    November  1575. 

York  to  Canterbury      -     -   per  annum.  3093  18  9 

London  to  York 1609  19  2 

Durham  to  Ely 2134  18  8 

Ely  to  Winchester  - 2491     9  8      388 

Winchester  to  Durham 1821     0  6 

Norwich  to  London       ------11 09     84 

Sarisbury  to  Norwich    ------  899     8  7 

Worcester  to  Sarisbury      -----  1367  11  8 

Lincoln  to  Worcester 1049  17  3 

Bath  to  Lincoln 894  18  1 


57G      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK        Gloucester  to  Bath  -------       533     1     3 

^'  Exeter  to  Gloucester 31 573 


Anno  1576.      Litchfield  to  Exeter      ------  500     0     0 

Hereford  to  Litchfield 703     5     2 

Chichester  to  Hereford      -----  7C8  10  10 

Carlisle  to  Chichester 677     1     3 

Peterborough  to  Carlisle    -----  531     4  11 

Chester  to  Peterborough    -     -    -     -    -  4141911 

Chester  ;  to  be  never  placed,  being  void,  420     1     8 

Rochester ;  to  be  never  placed,  being  void  358     3     7 

*=  1  to  stand  still,  because  they  be  but  poor, 

St.  Asaph's     I     and  in  Wales. 
St.  David's     J 

This  was  the  device  of  somebody,  unknown,  (surely,)  to 
raise  money  out  of  the  church  and  churchmen,  for  the  queen, 
or  rather  for  themselves;  and  for  that  end,  to  swallow  up 
the  revenues  of  two  bishoprics  wholly. 
The  state  of      For  the  present  state  of  affairs  in  Ireland,  I  shall  relate 
Ste'l' '"  ^^^^"^  ^^^^^  ^  ^^^^^^  °^  ^^^  Nicholas  White,  master  of  the  rolls 
from  the     there,  to  the  lord  Burghley ;  written  from  Waterford  in  the 
^le^oHs      nionth  of  October.     "  And  now  to  follow  my  promise  of 
there.  Oct.  «  advertisement  to  your  honour,  I  will  briefly  touch  some 
'  things  of  the  matters  of  this  state ;  and  that  freely  without 
'  mistrust :  because  I  know  to  whom  I  write,  and  have  also 
'  determined  to  write  of  certainties  that  I  know  :  and  in 
'  the  rest  to  utter  but  mine  opinion.     And  first,  touching 
'  the  earl  of  Essex,  [general  of  the  queen's  forces  in  Ire- 
'  land,]  I  find,  that  he  hath  brought  the  north  of  Ireland 
'  to  a  manifest  appearance  of  reformation  ;   when  the  grcat- 
'  est  there  were  contented  to  accept  some  small  portions,  to 
'  yield  both  rent  and  duty  for  the  same :  and,  I  doubt  not, 
'  with  the  expenses  of  a  little  more  time  and  charges,  would 
'  have  reduced  that  province  [of  Ulster]  to  perpetual  obe- 
'  dience."     [The  queen,  it  seems,  had  now,  in  the  middle 
of  his  successes,  sent  for  him  home.     It  was  by  the  instiga- 
tion of  the  earl  of  Leicester ;  who  afterwards  had  him  sent 
over  again,  and  got  him  poisoned.] 

"■  But  (as  White  went  on)  what  good  tiling  can  be  IiojkhI 


27 


Earl  of 
Essex. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  577 

"  for  here,  when  a  prince's  determination,  touching  so  great  CHAP. 
*'  an  enterprise,  in  the  hands  of  so  sufficient  and  so  honour-  ' 
"able  a  subject  to  perform  it,  shall  be  so  suddenly  re- Anno  1 675. 
"  voked.  And  if  I  might  with  all  humility  say  it  to  her 
"  highness,  there  are  two  things  of  great  moment  that  seem 
"  strange  to  us  here,  if  they  be  true.  The  one  is,  the 
"  letting  of  the  realm  [of  Ireland]  to  farm ;  wherein  so 
"  many  hearts  may  be  alienated  from  the  landlord  to  the 
"  farmer.  And  the  other  is,  the  casting  up  of  the  earPs  en- 
"  terprise  betwixt  the  fallow  and  the  seed  :  which  will  make 
"  Ulster  desperate,  and  all  the  rest  doubtful.  And  truly,  if  389 
"  she  look  not  back  where  she  began,  and  revey  both  the 
"  man  and  the  matter,  she  shall  puff  up  the  Irish  into  in- 
"  corrigible  pride,  and  pull  down  the  hearts  of  all  good 
"  English  subjects,  to  a  perpetual  diffidence  of  any  settled 
"  government  in  this  realm."  And  he  addeth,  to  the  ho- 
nour of  that  earl,  "  There  cannot  go  out  of  this  land  a 
"  man  with  greater  fame  of  honour,  nor  can  come  in,  whose 
"  bounty  hath  deserved  more.  And  if  that  noble  mind  of 
"  his,  desirous  of  honour,  and  so  careless  of  gain,  were  em- 
"  ployed,  with  the  association  of  grave  council,  I  believe, 
"  God  hath  ordained  him  to  do  great  things.  But  here  I 
''  leave  him,  and  the  success  of  all  his  causes,  to  God's  holy 
"  will.  I  told  sir  William  Fitz -Williams  mine  opinion 
"  touching  the  earl  of  Kildare,  who  deserveth  well  to  be 
"  corrected,  but  hardly  to  be  cut  off  for  any  traitorous  in- 
"  tent  against  the  prince,  howsoever  covetousness  might 
"  move  him  to  envy  the  gain  of  captains  here.*" 

About  this  year  I  meet  with  some  account  of  the  family  Nie.  Mor- 
of  Nicolas  Morton,  priest,  a  notable  busy  factor  for  the  pope  [""'i^jlj"*^^  * 
in  England  in  these  times :  who  stirred  up  the  rebellion  in  tions ;  and 
the  north,  anno  1569.  headed  by  the  earls  of  Northumber-  spirades. 
land  and  Westmorland ;  and  who  was  sent  from  Rome,  to 
pronounce  queen  Elizabeth  an  heretic,  and  thei-eby  to  have 
forfeited  her  crown   and  kingdom.     One  Afferton,  in  the 
north,  was  apprehended  about  this  time,  and  so  closely  exa- 
mined by  Topcliff,  (a  great  instrument  of  the  queen's  forxopciiff 
discovering  of  popish  traitors  and  treasons,)  that  he  ^'^^  J^^l^ton  xo 

VOL.  II.  p  p 


578       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


them. 


brought  to  reveal  strange  conspiracies.     He  was  servant  to 

Sampson  Morton,  nephew  to  the  said  Nicolas :  which  Ni- 

Anno  1575.  colas,   and  Robert  his  brother,  were  the  sons  of  Charles 
makedis-     ]\/[Qj.tojj,   of   Bautrec,   esq.  that   married   the   daughter  of 

coverics  ot  '  '  i        _  _  ^ 

Dalyson ;  whose  race  was  universally  papists,  descended  as 
well  by  the  man  as  woman.  This  Charles  married  three 
wives :  the  first  was  Plumpton,  of  Plumpton,  esq.  ;  tlie  se- 
cond was  a  daughter  of  Norton,  sister  to  the  two  rebels  of 
that  name,  Richai'd  and  Thomas,  and  sister  to  the  mother 
of  Thomas  Markamvil,  the  rebel ;  his  third  wife  was  Olive, 
first  wife  to  Thurland,  another  great  papist.  One  of  which 
family  was  Thurland,  master  of  the  Savoy,  discovered  to  be 
a  priest,  and  outed.  Sampson  and  Daniel,  sons  of  the  said 
Robert,  and  nephews  to  Nicolas,  this  year,  or  the  next,  fled 
over  to  their  uncle,  upon  the  apprehending  of  the  said 
Afferton :  who  revealed  the  desperate  conspiracies,  as  well 
of  that  priest's  resorting  into  England,  as  of  his  sending 
and  receiving  intelHgence  to  and  from  the  north,  and  other 
matters  of  weight;  and  that  these  were  notorious  lewd  papists, 
and  ready  to  execute  any  act  of  mischief. 

The  said  Robert  had  also,  beside  Sampson  a\u\  Daniel, 
another  son  elder  to  them,  a  fugitive  too,  and  married  to  a 
sister  of  Edmund  Thurland:  which  Edmund  was  described 
to  be  a  man  altogether  Hispaniolized,  being  brought  up  in 
Spain,  and  living  an  obscure  life,  as  did  his  brother  Robert 
Morton.  He  also  was  a  good  space  with  his  uncle  Nicolas, 
a  fugitive  at  Rome ;  and  brought  over  from  thence  strange 
Intelligence,  and  continually  hath  done.  His  resort  was  to 
Bautree,  and  lived  obscurely  there  at  that  town  of  danger,  be- 
ing open  to  all  parts  of  England  and  Scotland,  being  within 
390  half  a  mile  of  the  highway.  He  used  to  ride  secret  and  sus- 
pect journeys  to  the  sea-coast,  and  to  and  from  the  north,  as 
Plumpton,  Cleveland,  &c.  It  was  situate  within  fifteen  or 
sixttx^n  miles  of  Sheffield-castle,  where  the  queen  of  Scots 
was  kept ;  [and  so  conveniently  placed  to  take  an  opportu- 
nity of  favouring  her  escape,  or  otherwise  for  carrying  in- 
telligence.] 
ous  nest  hi       '^'lis  was  a  dangerous  nest  in  the  north.     And  those  of 

t^e  north. 


Robert 
Morton, 
a  fugitive. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  579 

the  gang  were  under  the  guidance    of  this   notorious   bi-    CHAP, 
gottcd  jiriest,  Nicolas  Morton,  who  fled  to  Rome  presently    ^^'^^^• 


after  her  majesty's  coronation;  and  still  both  resorted  into  ^^""o '575. 

England,  and  sent  messages  hither,  as  he  used  to  do  before 

the  rebellion.     His  arrival  and  taking  ship  was  at  Grimesby, 

a  port  fit  for  his  piu'pose,  and  at  Boston.     And  his  place  of 

stay  was  Bautree  aforesaid,  a  dangerous  place,  where  he  was 

born,  and  where  his  nephews  also  harboured. 

I  shall  insert  into  this  history  one  particular  matter,  which  Tiiediuich 
how  little  soever  it  may  be  thought,  yet  because  of  the  gro^g^'^p- 
strangeness  and  rarity  of  it  may  deserve  to  be  recorded.  prop"ated. 
It  was  the  dcapproijriation  of  an  impropriation  in  the  dio-  a'il^l Weiis. ' 
cese  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  which  was  restored  back  to  the 
church  by  Dier,  lord  chief  justice  in  the  reign  of  king  Philip 
and  queen  Mary ;  and  by  James  Dier  and  his  heirs  for  ever 
made  presentative,  or  presentable  lawfully,   and  by  royal 
authority.     It  was  the  church  of  Staplegrove  juxta  Taun- 
ton.    And  James  Dier,   knt.   and  capital  justiciar   of  the 
bench,  presented  Chr.  Dyrling  thereunto,  Sept.  17,  void  by 
the  death  of  Walter  Gardiner. 

The  earl  of  Shrewsbury  was  called  upon  this  year,  by  the  Knights' 
chancellor  of  the  duchy  of  Lancaster,  for  certain  knights'  ^^^^^  ^JJ^ 
fees,  due  from  him  to  the  queen,  and  likewise  for  his  relief,  ^ari  of  Sa- 
upon  the  death  of  the  earl  his  father;  which  were  behind- ExOffic. 
hand  unpaid  for  some  years.     And  to  shew  the  manner  of  ^'■'"°''- 
these  payments  to  the  crown  in  these  times,  I  will  set  down 
a  letter  sent  in  March  to  the  said  earl,  by  the  said  chancellor 
Sadleir,   and  G.  Bromley,  attorney-general,  viz.  "  That  it 
"  would  like  his  lordship  to  understand,  that  whereas  he  did 
"  hold  of  her  majesty,  as  of  her  castle  and  honour  of  Tick- 
"  hil,  parcel  of  her  duchy  of  Lancaster,  in  the  county  of 
"  Nottingham,  the  manor  of  Wirkson,  with  the  members  of 
"  the   same,  by  the   service   of  five  knights'  fees   and   the 
"  fourth  part  of  a  knight's  fee ;  for  the  which  his  lordship 
"  was  to  pay  yearly  unto  her  majesty,  for  his  respect  of 
"  homage  of  and  for  the  same,  the  sum  of  thirty-five  shil- 
"  lings,  after  the  rate  of  Qs.  8d.  for  every  knight's  fee :  and 

pp  2 


580      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK    "  also  where  his  lordship  was  to  pay  more  unto  her  majesty, 
"  for  his  relief,  due  after  the  death  of  my  lord  his  father. 


Anno  1675.44  j^g  ^^^  pf  gg/  5^,  after  the  rate  of  an  hundred  shillings 
"  for  every  of  the  said  knighfs  fees.  Which  said  several 
"  sums,  as  they  did  understand,  were  not  yet  satisfied,  nor 
"  paid  by  his  lordship  to  the  feodary  of  the  said  castle,  ac- 
"  cording  to  an  extract  to  him  delivered,  for  the  collection 
*'  thereof,  among  others,  under  the  seal  of  the  said  duchy. 

"  These  were  therefore  to  desire  his  good  lordship  to  give 
*'  order  for  tlie  payment  of  the  said  several  sums  unto  the 
"  hand  of  Thomas  Bulbak,  her  majesty's  feodary  there  ;  or 
"  else,  if  by  the  search  of  his  evidence  he  should  find  any 
"  good  matter  for  the  discharge  thereof,  or  of  any  part  or 
"  parcel  thereof,  it  might  please  his  lordship  to  send  some 
391  "  one,  the  next  term,  sufficiently  instructed,  to  satisfy  the 
"  court  of  the  duchy  in  that  behalf.  From  the  duchy 
"  house  at  the  Savoy,  the  1st  of  March,  1575."  Subscribed 
by  R.  Sadleir  and  G.  Bromley. 

The  queen''s  progress  this  summer  was  towards  Warwick- 
shire ;  of  which,  and  of  hei*  most  splendid  reception  by  the 
earl  of  Leicester  at  Kenelworth-castle,  I  find  not  a  word 
in  our  historians,  except  a  short  mention  of  it  in  the  addi- 
tions to  the  late  edition  of  Camden's  Britannia;  an  account 
whereof  may  well  deserve  a  place  here.  There  is  a  particu- 
lar relation  of  it,  which  I  have  seen ;  writ  at  that  time  by 
way  of  letter,  from  an  officer,  attendant  then  at  court,  to  a 
friend  of  his,  a  citizen  of  London,  printed  upon  thin  vellum. 
The  writer  was  Rob.  Lanham,  gent,  clerk  of  the  council- 
chamber  door ;  the  person  written  to  was  Humfrey  Martin, 
mercer.  The  purport  whereof  was  as  foUoweth  : 
The  queen's      a  That  the  entertainment  was  so  great  and  noble,  that  for 

progress.  .  ,      . 

"  person,  place,  tmie,  cost,  devices,  strangeness,  and  abun- 
"  dance  of  all  that  ever  he  saw,  and  wherever  he  had  been, 
*'  in  France  and  Flanders,  long,  and  many  a  day,  he  never 
"  saw  anywhere  so  memorable  as  this. 
Horrecep.  u  ^he  9th  of  July,  (being  Saturday,)  at  Ichingham,  a 
ueiworth-    "  town  and  lordship  of  the  carl  of  Leicester's,  within  three 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  581 

"  miles  of  Killingworth,  [Kenelworth,]  he,  the  said  earl,    CHAP, 
"  made  the  queen  a  great  cheer  at  dinner,  and  gave  her 


"  pleasant  pastime,  in  hunting  by  the  way  after  dinner  :  so^n°o  1^75. 

"  that  it  was  eight  o'clock  before  she  came  to  Killingworth  ;  ^  ^.^^^  ^^ 

"  where,  in  the  park,  about  a  flight  shot  from  the  brays,  and  Leicester. 

"  first  gate  of  the  castle,  one  of  the  ten  sibyls,  comely  clad  A  sibyl. 

"  in  a  pall  of  white  silk,  pronounced  a  proper  poesy  in  Eng- 

"  lish  rhyme  and  metre,  in  effect,  how  great  gladness  her 

"  gracious  presence  brought  into  every  steed,  [i.  e.  place,] 

"  where  it  pleased  her  to  come ;   and  especially  now  into 

"  that  place,  that  had  so  long  longed  for  the  same.     Ended 

"  with  prophecy  certain,  [as  the  sibyls  were  Jutidicce,^  of 

"  much  and  long  prosperity,  health,  and  felicity.    This  the 

"  queen  graciously  accepting,  passed  by  thg  next  gate  of 

"  the  brays,  which  they  called  the  tiltyard,  for  the  length, 

"  largeness,  and  use. 

"  Here  a  porter,  tall  of  person,  big  of  limbs,  stark  of  The  porter. 
"  countenance,  wrapt  all  in  silk,  with  club,  and  keys  of 
"  quantity  according,  in  a  rough  speech,  full  of  passion  in 
"  metre,  while  the  queen  came  within  his  ward,  burst  out  in 
*'  a  great  pang  of  impatience,  to  see  such  uncouth  trudging 
*'  to  and  fro,  such  riding  in  and  out,  with  such  din  and  noise 
"  of  talk,  within  his  charge ;  whereof  he  never  saw  the  like, 
"  nor  had  any  warning  once,  ne  yet  could  make  to  himself 
"  any  cause  of  the  matter  :  at  last,  upon  better  view  and  ad- 
"  visement,  as  he  pressed  to  come  nearer,  confessed  anon, 
"  that  he  found  himself  pierced  at  the  presence  of  a  person- 
"  age,  so  evident  expressing  an  heroical  sovereignty  over  all 
"  the  whole  estate.  This  calmed  his  storms,  proclaims  open 
"  gates  and  free  passage  to  all ;  yields  over  his  club,  his 
"  keys,  his  office,  and  all ;  and  on  his  knees  humbly  prays 
"  pardon  of  his  ignorance  and  impatience.  Which  her  high- 
"  ness  graciously  granting,  he  caused  the  trumpeters,  that  392 
*'  stood  upon  the  walls  of  the  gate  there,  to  sound  up  a  tune 
"  of  welcome. 

"  These  trumpeters,  six  in  number,  every  one  eight  foot  Tnimpet- 
"  high,  and  in  due  proportion  of  person  beside,  all  in  long*^"^*' 


582      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 


BOOK 
I. 


The  lady  of 
the  lake. 


"  garments  of  silk  suitably,  each  with  his  silver  trumpet,  of 
"a  five  foot  long,  formed  taper- wise,  and  strait  from  the 
Anno  1575.  "  upper  part  unto  the  nether  end ;  where  the  diameter  was  a 
"  sixteen  inches  over,  and  yet  so  tempered  by  art,  that  being 
"  very  easy  to  the  blast,  they  cast  forth  no  greater  noise, 
"  nor  a  more  unpleasant  sound  for  time  and  tune,  than  any 
"  other  common  trumpet,  be  it  never  so  artificially  framed. 
"  These  harmonious  blasters  began  from  the  foreside  of  the 
"  gate,  at  her  highness"'  entrance,  and  walked  upon  the 
"  walls,  unto  the  inner,  making  their  music  ;  while  her  high- 
"  ness,  all  along  this  tiltyard,  rode  unto  the  inner  gate,  next 
"  the  base  court  of  the  castle. 

"  And  here  the  lady  qf  the  lake,  famous  in  king  Ar- 
"  thur's  book,  [for  there  was  a  fine  lake  near  this  castle,] 
"  Avith  two  nymphs  waiting  upon  her,  arrayed  in  silk,  at- 
"  tended  her  highness"'  coming,  fleets  to  land,  from  the 
"  midst  of  the  pool,  upon  a  moveable  island,  blazing  with 
"  torches ;  meeteth  the  queen  with  a  well  penned  metre, 
"  consisting  of  the  auntienty  of  the  castle ;  who  had  been 
"  owners  of  the  same  even  till  this  day,  and  were  for  the 
"  most  part  earls  of  Leicester  :  how  she  had  kept  this  lake 
"  since  king  Arthur"'s  days ;  and  now,  understanding  of  her 
"  highness"*  coming  hither,  thought  it  her  office  in  humblc- 
"  wise  to  discover  herself,  and  her  estate,  offering  up  to  the 
"  same  her  lake  and  power  therein,  with  promise  of  repair 
"  unto  the  court.  The  queen  thanked  this  lady ;  and  to 
"  add  withal.  We  had  thought,  indeed,  the  lake  had  been 
"  ours.  And  do  you  call  it  yours  now  ?  Well,  we  will 
"  herein  conmion  more  with  you  hereafter. 

*'  This  pageant  was  closed  up  with  a  delightful  harmony 
"  of  hautboys,  shalnis,  cornets,  and  such  other  loud  music, 
"  that  held  on  whilst  she  passed  from  thence  toward  the 
"  castle-gate.  Whereunto,  from  the  base  court,  over  a  dry 
"  valley,  cast  into  a  green  form,  was  framed  a  fair  bridge  of 
"  a  twenty  foot  wide,  and  a  seventy  foot  long,  gravelled  for 
"  treading,  railed  on  either  part,  with  seven  posts  on  a  side, 
"  that  stood  a  twelve  foot  asunder,  thickened  between  with 


Earls  of 
Leicestei'. 


A  new 
bridge. 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  583 

"  well  proportioned  pillars,  turned.     Upon  the  first  pair  of   CHAP. 
"  posts  were  set  two  comely  square  wire  cages,  each  a  three      ' 


"  foot  long,  two  foot  wide,  and  high .     In  them  live  Anno  1575. 

"  bitterns,   curlieus,    shovelards,    hernshaws,  god  wits,   and 
"  such  dainty  birds,  of  the  brats  of  Sylvanus,  the  god  of 
"  fowls.     On  the  second  pair,  two  great  silver  bowls,  fitted 
"  for  the  purpose,  full  of  apples,  pears,  cherries,  filberts, 
"  walnuts,  fresh   upon  their  branches;  and  with  oranges, 
"  pomegranates,  lemons,  and  pippins;  all  the  gifts  of  Po- 
"  mona,  the  goddess  of  fruit.     The  third  pair  of  posts,  in 
"  two  such  silver  bowls,  had  all  in  ears,  green  and  old, 
"  wheat,  barley,  oats,  beans,  and  pease,  as  the  gifts  of  Ceres. 
"  The  fovu'th  post  on  the  left  hand,  on  a  like  silver  bowl, 
"  had  grapes  in  clusters,  white  and  red,  graced  with  their 
"  vine  leaves.     The  match  post  against  it  had  a  pair  of 
"  great  white  silver  livery-pots,  for  wine  ;  and  before  them 
"  two  glasses,  of  good  capacity,  filled  full,  the  one  with  white  393 
"  wine,  and  the  other  with  claret ;  so  fresh  of  colour,  and  of 
"  look  so  lovely  smiling  to  the  eyes  of  many,  that  by  their 
"  leering  they  could  have  found  in  their  hearts,  as  the  even- 
"  ing  was  hot,  to  have  kissed  them  sweetly  :    and  these  the 
"  presents  of  Bacchus,  the  god  of  wine.    The  fifth  pair  had 
"  each  a  fair  large  tree,  strawed  a  little  with  fresh  grass ; 
"  and  in  them  conger,  hurt,  mullet,  fresh  herring,  oysters, 
"  salmon,  crevis,  and  such  like,  from  Neptune,  the  god  of 
"  the  sea.     On  the  sixth  pair  of  posts  were  set  two  ragged 
"  staves  of  silver,  as  my  lord  [earl  of  Leicester]  gives  them 
"  in  arms,  beautifully  glistering,  with  armour  thereupon  de- 
"  pending,  brass  arrows,  spear,  shield,  head-piece,  gorget, 
"  corslets,  swords,  targets,  and  such  like,  for  Mars  his  gifts, 
"  the  god  of  war :  importing  the  protection  of  her  highness'' 
"  person,  that  was  so  kindly  pleased  here  to  take  her  har- 
"  hour.    On  the  seventh  posts,  the  last,  and  next  to  the  cas- 
"  tie,  were  pight  two  fair  bay  branches,  of  a  four  foot  high, 
"  adorned  on   all  sides  with  lutes,   viols,   shalms,  cornets, 
"  flutes,  recorders,  and  harps,  as  the  presents  of  Phoebus, 
"  the  god  of  mirth,  for  rejoicing  the  mind  ;  and  also  of  phy- 
"  sic,  for  health  to  the  body. 


o84       ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION 

BOOK  "  Over  the  castle  gate  was  fastened  a  table,  beautifully 
^'  garnished  above  with  her  majesty "'s  arms,  and  set  with  ivy 
Anno  1575."  wi'eaths,  bordered  about,  of  a  ten  foot  square:  the  ground 
"  black  :  whereupon,  in  large  white  capital  Roman,  fair 
"  written,  was  a  poem,  mentioning  these  gods  and  their  gifts, 
"  presented  unto  her  highness,  and  was  as  followeth  : 

Verses  over  Ad  mc0estatem  regiam. 

gate.  Jupiter  hue  certos  cernens  Te  tendere  g-ressus, 

The  capitals      CccUcolas,  Princeps,  actutum  convocat  omnes. 
inscribed  in      Obsequium  prcesture  jubet,  Tibi,  quemque  benignum : 
gold.  Unde  suas  Sylvanus  aves,  PomonaqueJ'ructus : 

Alma  CeresJ'ruges,  hilar antia  vina  Lyceus : 
Neptunus  pisces,  tela,  et  tantajitia  Mavors : 
Suave  melos  Phoebus,  solidam  longamque  salutem  : 
Dii  Tibi,  Regina,  h(BC,  cum  sis  digt<!Jssiua,  prcsbent 
H(Bc  Tibi,  cum,  Domino  dedit  se  et  Werda  Kenelmi. 

The  poet's        "  These  verses  were  pronounced  by  a  poet,  in  a  long  ce- 
'*  '  ■          "  rulacious  garment,  with  side  and  wide  sleeves,  Venetian- 
"  wise,  drawn  up  to  the  elbows.    His  doublet  sleeves,  under 
"  that,  crimson ;  nothing  but  silk :  a  bay  garland  on  his 
"  head,  and  a  scroll  in  his  hand;  making  first  an  humble 
"obeisance  at  her  highness''  coming,   and   pointing   unto 
"  every  present,  as  he  spake. 
The  queen       "  And  SO  she  was  received  with  a  fresh  delicate  harmony 
'g '  s-         u  Qf  fliites.     And  so  she  passed  into  the  inner  court ;  and 
"  there  she  lighted  down  from  her  palfrey,  and  was  con- 
"  veyed  up  to  her  chamber.    After  followed  a  great  peal  of 
Fireworks,   "  guns,  and  lightning  by  fireworks,  a  long  space  together ; 
"  as  though  Jupiter  would  shew  himself  to  be  no  further 
"  behind  with  his  welcome  than  the  rest  of  the  gods ;  and 
394 "  that   he  would  have    all    the   country   know.      For  in- 
"  deed    the   noise  and  flame  was  heard  and  seen  twenty 
"  miles  off. 
Snnday  "  ^^1   Sunday,  the  forenoon  was  occupied  (as  the  sab- 

kept.  «  bath-day)  in   quiet  and  vacation  from  work,  and  in  di- 

"  vino  service,  and  preaching  at  tlie  parish  church.     The 


UNDER  QUEEN  ELIZABETH.  585 

"  afternoon,    in    excellent  music    of  sundry   sweet  instru-    cHAP. 
"  ments,  and  in  dancing  of  lords  and  ladies,  and  other  wor-  ^^^^^' 
"  shipful  degrees,  uttered  with  lively  agility  and  commend- Anno  1575. 
"  able  grace. 

"  At  night,  late,  after  a  warning  piece  or  two,  [as  Ju- 
"  piter's  respects  to  the  queen,]  were  blazes  of  burning 
"  darts,  flying  to  and  fro ;  beams  of  stars  coruscant ;  streams 
"  and  hail  of  fiery  sparks  ;  lightning  of  wildfire  in  water 
"  and  land ;  flight  and  shot  of  thunderbolts  ;  all  with  con- 
"  tinuance,  terror,  and  vehemency,  as  though  the  heavens 
"  thundered,  the  water  scourged,  and  the  earth  shook.  This 
"  lasted  till  after  midnight. 

"  On  Monday,  being  hot,  she  kept  in  till  five  a  clock  even-  She  hunts 
"  ing ;  and  then  went  forth  in  the  chase,  to  hunt  the  hart,  "^j^g^^ 
"  &c.    And  so  from  Monday  to  Tuesday,  and  all  the  other 
"  days,  was  entertained  with  variety  of  sports  and  pleasure, 
"  till  Sunday,  when  they  went  to  church,  and  heard  prayers 

"  and  a  sermon.     And  in  the  afternoon  sports  again. 

"  Tliat  afternoon,  [as  the  relater  expresseth  it,]  in  ho- 
"  nour  of  this  Kenelworth-castle,  and  of  God  and  St. 
"  Kenelme,  (whose  day  by  the  kalendar  this  was,)  was  a 
"  solemn  country  bridal,  with  running  at  quintin.  The 
*'  queen  stayed  here  nineteen  days,  entertained  all  the  while 
"  with  recreations,  speeches,  plays,  &c.  till  July  27." 

While  she  was  here  at  Kenelworth,  she  knighted  Thomas  Knights 
Cecill,  the  lord  treasurer's  son ;  Henry  Cobham,  the  lord  ^^^^' 
Cobham's  brother ;  Thomas  Stanhope,  Arthur  Basset,  and 
Thomas  Tresham,  men  of  great  worship  all. 

And  she  also  touched  nine  of  the  kings  evil.     Which  isToucheth 
thus  expressed  by  this  writer  :   "  That  of  her  mercy  and  kin„'s^evii. 
"  charity,  nine  were  cured  of  a  painful  and  dangerous  dis- 
"  ease,  called  the  Mug's  evil.    For  the  kings  and  queens  of 
"  this  realm,  without  other  medicine,  (save  only  by  handling 
"  and  prayer,)  only  do  cure  it." 

Concerning  Kenelworth-castle,  and  some  of  the  prepara-  Ammu- 
tions  made  by  the  earl  against  the  queen's  coming  thither,  {J|.ou\t 
one  in  those  times  writes ;   "  That  in  this  castle  there  was  to  Kenel- 


worth- 
VOL.  ir.  Qq  ,.a,„e_ 


586      ANNALS  OF  THE  REFORMATION. 

BOOK    "sufficient  to  furnish  ten  tliousand  soldiers,  of  all  things 
"  necessary  for  horse  and  man ;  besides  all  munition  and 


Anno  1575. "  artillery,  brought  thither  when  her  majesty  was  there. 


Leicest.       a  never  carried  back  ae;ain.*' 

Common-  ^ 

wealth. 


THE  END  OF  VOL.  II.  PART  I.