Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum

VOLUME 77 PART 3 DECEMBER 1978 ISSN 0303-2515

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1
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ANNALS

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BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

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FiscHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs
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Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.
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Kon, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean.
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THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische
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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 77 Band
December 1978 Desember
Part 3 Deel

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD,
A GENUS OF AMPHIPOD (CRUSTACEA) FROM
SOUTH AFRICA

By

J. LAURENS BARNARD

Cape Town Kaapstad

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Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIJOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD,
A GENUS OF AMPHIPOD (CRUSTACEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

By
J. LAURENS BARNARD

Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington

(With 4 figures)
[MS. accepted 12 September 1978]

ABSTRACT

Plioplateia K. H. Barnard (1916) is removed from Phliantidae to form the type genus of
a new family demonstrating evolutionary outflow from the southern Pacific family Ceinidae
towards the circumtropical family Phliantidae. At least nine major characters constrain
Plioplateia from assignment to Phliantidae. Plioplateia appears to be the last living relict of
what may have been a diverse group of taxa standing between ceinids and phliantids. It joins
many other South African amphipods now considered to be relicts.

CONTENTS
PAGE
IMtrOductionyee wus ee ernest ts ey
PlioplateidaesfamVinove ee ee aS
PlioplateiaK.H. Barnard . . . . 49
Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard . . 50
Acknowledgements’. =) S29) .5. 55
IR CLCREN CES meen tees Meee ea re es ie nD
INTRODUCTION

Plioplateia, a gammaridean amphipod, was described by K. H. Barnard
(1916) and placed in the family Phliantidae. Since that time many genera in
this evolutionary vicinity have been described and then later realigned, mainly
by J. L. Barnard (1972a, 19726) and Griffiths (1975), into families Phliantidae,
Temnophliidae, Kuriidae and Ceinidae, with subfamily Chiltoniinae. Plioplateia
appears to stand between Ceinidae and Phliantidae but differs in so many ways
from either family group that a new family is established for Plioplateia. All of
these families are included in the superfamily Talitroidea.

The Plioplateidae join the Temnophliidae of South Africa as the narrowest
relict families known in the Gammaridea except for the Kuriidae from
Abd-el-Kuri near the Gulf of Aden. South Africa is noted for other isolated or
relict amphipods, mainly the genera Calliopiella Schellenberg, Cypsiphimedia
K. H. Barnard, Dikwa Griffiths, Triodos K. H. Barnard, Hoplopleon K. H.
Barnard, Exampithoe K. H. Barnard, Macropisthopus K. H. Barnard, Unciolella
Chevreux, Elasmopoides Stebbing, Cunicus Griffiths and Phoxostoma K. H.
Barnard.

47

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. T7 (3), 1978: 47-55, 4 figs.

48 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Plioplateidae fam. nov.

Type genus
Plioplateia K. H. Barnard, 1916.

Diagnosis

Talitroidea with laterally compressed tall, cuspidate bodies but coxae
poorly splayed and excavate or cuspidate; coxa 4 small. Cuticle humped and
rough. Head dorsoventrally compressed, complexly cuspidate. Antennae
disparate, cuspidate, flagella elongate. Anterior part of body dorsally cuspidate.
Mandibular molar huge, granular, not distinctly triturative. Inner lobes of
lower lip well developed. Outer plate of maxilla | with eight spines. Inner plate
of maxilla 2 much narrower and shorter than outer. Outer plate of maxilliped
not larger than inner plate, palp articles | and 4 elongate, palp thin.

Gnathopods subchelate, hands expanded, lacking giant facial setae.
Article 2 of pereopods 5—7 narrow, small.

Pleon small, deeply flexed below thorax, urosomite 3 distinct but vestigial.
Pleopods elongate, peduncles thin, rami elongate, thin, uni-articulate. Uropod 3
formed of leaf-like peduncle lacking ramus. Telson forming erect cowl, deeply
cleft.

Relationship

On first sight Plioplateia appears to belong to the Phliantidae as originally
placed by K. H. Barnard, but Plioplateia differs from phliantids in the elongate
flagella of the antennae, the elongate, thin pleopods with equal and uniarticulate
rami, the giant mandibular molar, the presence of well-developed inner lobes
on the lower lip, the small inner plate of maxilla 2, the small outer plate of the
maxilliped, the thin maxillipedal palp with elongate article 1, the subchelate
gnathopods lacking giant setae, and the cowl-like cleft telson. Plioplateia bears
the bidentate pereonite | similar to that of many phliantids but would appear to
be much more primitive and to share many features of the plesiomorphic
Ceinidae (see J. L. Barnard, 1972a, 19726). To a great extent Plioplateia fits
many aspects of a model ancestor to phliantids with evolutionary outflow
from ceinids, and, in addition, its isolation in South Africa fits the role of a
relict.

Plioplateia shares the tall body and subchelate gnathopods of ceinids, and
in many other characters (to follow) appears to have a foundation in Taihape
J. L. Barnard (1972a) or Waitomo J. L. Barnard (1972a): size and flagellar
condition of antennae in Waitomo; posterior dorsal cuspidation of Waitomo;
molar of Waitomo; outer plate of maxilla 1 in both genera; maxillipedal palp
of Taihape; gnathopods (less giant setae) and telson of either genus.

Plioplateia differs from Ceinidae in the dorsoventrally depressed head with
complex cuspidation, the anterodorsal body cuspidation, the cuspidation and
excavation of coxae and antennae, the special form of maxilla 2, the lack of

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD 49

large setae on the gnathopods and the presence of inner lobes on the lower lip,
wholly unique to Plioplateia in the Ceinid—Phliantid scheme.

The reduction in segmentation on the pleopods suggests that Plioplateia
has progressed far from a perfect intergrade between ceinids and phliantids and
this is also supported by the extra cuspidation on the head and coxae, the
development of inner lobes on the lower lip, the reduction in size of the inner
lobe on maxilla 1 and the outer plate of the maxilliped, the enlargement of the
molar, the loss of giant setae on the gnathopods. The brood plates appear to
be much larger than in ceinids and phliantids whereas the gills are much smaller.
The weakly developed multispination on the apices of uropods 1-2 would
appear to be a remnant of ancestry in ceinids where these spines are well
developed.

The Kuriidae, composed only of Kuria Walker & Scott (1903), from
Abd-el-Kuri, appear also to be in a level of evolution similar to Plioplateia.
For example, the gnathopods of Kuria are subchelate, though weakly, the
palms being almost transverse, and the outer plate of the maxilliped is small
as in Plioplateia. Plioplateidae differ from Kuriidae in the ornamentation of the
head, body and coxae, the small coxa 4, small article 2 of pereopods 5-7,
expanded hands of the gnathopods, the disparity in sizes of antennae, and the
extremely large mandibular molar. In minor ways, Plioplateidae differ from
Kuriidae in the larger dactyls of the maxillipeds, and the absence of a ramus on
uropod 3. Pleopods, maxillae and lower lip have not been reported for Kuria.

Plioplateia K. H. Barnard
Plioplateia K. H. Barnard, 1916: 155.

Type species
Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard, 1916 (monotypy).

Diagnosis
With the characters of the family.

Description

Rostrum well developed, erect, thorn-like, bearing bilateral subsidiary
tooth. Antenna | much longer than antenna 2, flagella of both pairs highly
articulate, those of antenna | bearing 1-2 aesthetascs each. Epistome rounded
anteriorly, upper lip deeply incised, asymmetrical. Mandibular incisor well
toothed, right lacinia mobilis, if present, composed of three fused spines (or
these actually rakers and lacinia mobilis absent), left lacinia mobilis large and
well toothed, left mandible with three raker spines; molar very large, broad,
blunt, tumid, poorly triturative, mainly granular apically; palp absent or
possibly represented by small leaf. Lower lip with well-developed inner lobes.
Outer plate of maxilla 1 with eight spines, palp uniarticulate, of medium size,
bearing one medium apical seta. Inner plate of maxilla 2 much shorter and

50 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

narrower than outer, inner subconical, outer subrectangular, both poorly
setose but inner with one medial and outer with two lateral setae. Inner plate
of maxillipeds leaf-like, with tapered base, poorly armed, outer plates as large
as inner; palp thin, article 1 elongate, article 4 unguiform, greatly elongate,
with three apical setae. Pleurae of pereonites produced, rugose, humped or
cuspidate.

Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard
Figs 1-4

Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard, 1916: 156, pl. 26 (figs 18-24); Griffiths, 1974: 328.

Diagnosis
With the characters of the family and genus.

Description

Head depressed but with erect thorn-like, rostrum with smaller basal
tooth on each side, lateral lobes with weak dorsal and strong ventral tooth,
middle of lobe bulging laterally and containing small but multifaceted ommati-
dial eye, antenna | inserted by sleeve into pocket anterior to ocular lobe,
anteroventral area of head extended forward through fusion of articles 1 and 2
of antenna 2, lateral surface of article 2 with large cusp, article 3 also with large
lateral cusp, gland cones emerging ventrally from fused article 2. Mouthpart
field from lateral view, apart from maxillipeds, dominated by outer surface of
lower lip.

Antenna | elongate, articles 1 and 2 cuspidate, article 3 shorter than
article 1 of flagellum, latter 12-articulate, each article of flagellum with 1-2
aesthetascs and several curled setae. Accessory flagellum absent but marked by
weak sinuate stripes inside of article 3. Antenna 2 small and slender, article 4
weakly cuspidate, article 5 slightly longer than article 4 of peduncle on article |
of flagellum, latter 9-articulate, with short stiff curled setae.

Upper lip scarcely distinct from epistome, together rounded anteriorly,
upper lip deeply bilobed. Each mandibular molar with large setule, right incisor
with 8-9 teeth, left with 3, left lacinia mobilis with 7 teeth, right either absent
or formed of 3 fused spines, left mandible with 3 distinct rakers each independent
and mostly fused to mandible. Mandibular lobes of lower lip well developed,
inner lobes distinct, thin across faces, broad, widely separating outer lobes.
Inner plate of maxilla | linguiform, of medium size.

Wrist of gnathopod | longer than hand, shorter on gnathopod 2, neither
lobate, palm well developed, oblique, defined by pair of spines, armed with
pairs of wire-setules.

Coxa 1 apically expanded, with deep posteroventral notch, coxae 2-4
somewhat tapered, each with weak or moderate notch, coxa 4 smaller than
coxa 1, not excavate posteriorly; coxae 5-7 short, coxae 5 and 7 bilobed and
acuminate, coxa 6 trilobed and acuminate.

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD 51

—

Fig. 1. Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard. h, holotype, female ‘h’ unmeasured; p, male

‘p’ 5,72 mm. A. Prebuccal outline, left lateral. B. left mandibular rakers. C. Ventral view

of head, upper lip hatched; a, antenna 2, g, gland cone. D. Head, lateral; a, antenna 2

broken off. E. Prebuccal, left lateral. F. Body, scale = 1mm. G. Right mandibular rakers.
H. Head. I. Pleon, left lateral; u, uropod 3. J. Upper lip, anterior.

SZ

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

M

Fig. 2. Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard. male ‘p’ 5,72 mm. A. Antenna 2. B. Antenna 1.

€: Left mandible. D. Mouthparts, left side; e, epistome, i, lower lip, 1, upper lip,
m, mandible, x, maxilla. E. cuticle. F. Right mandible. G. Left mandible. H. Lower lip,

oral side. I. Outer plate of maxilla 1. J. Maxilla 1. K. Palp of maxilliped, flattened.
L. Maxilla 2. M. Lower lip, aboral side. N. Maxilliped.

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD 53

Fig. 3. Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard. male ‘p’ 5,72 mm, o, outer ramus. A. Gnathopod
1. B. Gnathopod 2. C. Pleopod 1, rear. D. Pleopod 2, rear. E. Pleopod 3, rear. F. Pereo-
pod 7. G. Pereopod 5. H. Pereopod 6. I. Pereopod 4.

54 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Article 2 of pereopods 3-4 uncuspidate, that of pereopods 5-7 with bicuspi-
date posteroventral process; defining armaments on article 6 composed of
setae. Coxal gills very small, attached to segments 2-6, somewhat triquetral
(see appendages attached to figures of coxae 2-4). Brood plates very large,
lamellar, attached to coxae 2-5, densely furnished with coil-tipped setae. Male
penes of pereonite 7 highly lateral, just basal to coxae, very elongate and sausage-
shaped.

Epimera tapering distally, poorly armed and unornamented. Pleopods
tightly clumped, decreasing in size from front to rear slightly, inner rami scarcely
shortened, each with 2 apical setae longer than ramus, except inner ramus of
pleopod 3 with only one apical seta, peduncles elongate, only pleopod 3 with
pair of apicomedial coupling spines.

Urosomite 3 vestigial, represented only by ventral plate, telson on dorsal
side appearing attached directly to urosomite 2, telson formed of bifid cowl
lacking macroscopic armament. Uropods 1-2 short, stout, poorly armed, outer

Fig. 4. Plioplateia triquetra K. H. Barnard. male ‘p’ 5,72 mm, g, gill, o, outer ramus.

A. Uropod 3. B. Uropod 2. C. Coxa 2. D. Coxa 1. E. Coxa 3. F. Pleonite 6, ventral,

telson hatched. G. Coxa 4. H. Uropod 1. I. Uropod 1, rami enlarged. J. Uropod 2.
K. Pleonites 1-2 dorsal showing telson, t.

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA K. H. BARNARD Sp)

ramus of uropod | shortened, each ramus of both uropods with apical jewel-nail
plus accessory spine except on inner ramus of uropod 2, inner ramus of uropod
1 with third spine fixed subapically. Uropod 3 ovate, bearing weak apical
spinule.

Cuticle densely pebbled, each pebble usually complex, either with apparent
pit or appearing ring-shaped (with central vacuole) bulbar setules sparse, pipes
often abundant; no pits typical of ceinids have been observed.

Pereonite 1 with large tooth dorsally, remaining pereonites each with
single tooth or hump, pleonites 1-3 each with increasingly smaller dorsal
hump, urosomite | with slightly larger hump, this segment covering urosomites
2-3 dorsally; pereonites 1-7 from front to rear with increasingly complex
distolateral rugosities or cusps.

Holotype
South African Museum A174, female ‘h’ (not measured to prevent damage)
lacking right antennae, uropods 2-3, telson, right uropod 1.

Other material

South African Museum, University of Cape Town SCD 310 F, male ‘p’
5,72 mm (dissected and illustrated herein).

Distribution
South Africa, 50-91 m.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank Dr C. L. Griffiths of the C.S.I.R. Cceanographic Research Unit,
University of Cape Town, for locating this material, and Dr T. H. Barry
Director of the South African Museum, for his kind assistance. Carolyn L. Cox
of Smithsonian Institution inked and prepared the illustrations for publication;
she also created several of the original drawings.

REFERENCES

BARNARD, J. L. 1972a. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I. Smithson. Contr.
Zool. 103: 1-333.

BARNARD, J. L. 19726. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Algae-living littoral Gammaridea
(Crustacea Amphipoda). Mem. N.Z. oceanog. Inst. 62: 7-216.

BARNARD, K. H. 1916. Contributions to the crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 5.—The
Amphipoda. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 15: 105-302.

GriFFITHS, C. L. 1974. The Amphipoda of southern Africa. Part 4. The Gammaridea and
Caprellidea of the Cape Province East of Cape Agulhas. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 65: 251-336.

GrirFiTHs, C. L. 1975. The Amphipoda of southern Africa. Part 5. The Gammaridea and
Caprellidea of the Cape Province west of Cape Agulhas. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 6: 91-181.

Watker, A. O. & A. Scott. 1903. Decapod and sessile-eyed crustaceans from Abd-el-Kuri.
Nat. Hist. Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri: 216-232.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the Jnternational code of zoological nomenclature
(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be
followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb.
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An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening
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Family Nuculanidae
Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)
Figs 14-15A
Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.
Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50.
Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b).
Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.
Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

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In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-
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Holotype
SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach
Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

“Win

J. LAURENS BARNARD

REDESCRIPTION OF PLIOPLATEIA
K. H. BARNARD, A GENUS OF AMPHIPOD
(CRUSTACEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA