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TENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
“REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF THE
State of New-Dork,
CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET
OF
NATURAL HISTORY,
AND THE
=
» HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Made to the Senate, March 11, 1857.
ALBANY:
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE,
No. 407 Broadway.
A a967.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF THE
State of New-Vork,
ON THE
CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET
OF
NATURAL HISTORY,
AND THE
HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
ee
Made to the Senate, March 11, 1857,
Po AN Ye
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE.
No. 407 Broadway.
NrIN72
i TN Beate of New-Kork.
No. 109.
IN SENATE, MARCH I, 1857.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
os
TO THE HON. HENRY R. SELDEN,
President of the Senate.
SIR :
I uave the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents
of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History, and
the Historical and Antiquarian Collection connected therewith.
I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
Marcu 5, 1857.
| Senate No. 109.] 1 | u.n.10008S.1500R. f
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1857,
—SS
GERRIT Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
JOHN GREIG, Vice-Chancellor.
JOHN A. KING, Governor, ex officio.
HENRY R. SELDEN, Lieutenant-Governor, ex officio.
JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State, ex offczo.
VICTOR M. RICH, Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officzo.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.
JOHN K. PAIGE.
ERASTUS CORNING.
PROSPER M. WETMORE.
JOHN L. GRAHAM.
JOHN MLEAN.
GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.
DAVID BUEL.
JAMES 8. WADSWORTH.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.
ROBERT CAMPBELL.
SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
PHILIP 8. VAN RENSSELAER.
JOHN N. CAMPBELL, D.D.
ERASTUS BENEDICT.
GEORGE W. CLINTON.
S.B. WOOLWORTH, S:eretary.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE REGENTS,
SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET.
1856.
MYRON H. CLARK, Governor.
JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT.
REV. DR. CAMPBELL.
ERASTUS CORNING.
1857.
JOHN A. KING, Governor. %
JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State.
REV. DR. CAMPBELL.
ERASTUS CORNING.
JOHN L. GRAHAM.
EZEKIEL JEWRTT, Curator.
JAMES A. HURST, Tazidermist.
REPORT.
TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,
The Regents of the University
RESPECTFULLY REPORT:
That since their last annual report, no progress has been made
in rearranging the collections in Natural History. In the supply
bill reported by the Committee of ways and means in April last,
provision for cases and fixtures, and for some alteration in the
plan of the building, was made ; but the unexpected adjournment
of the Legislature without passing the bill, relieves this board, as
the Curators of the Cabinet, from responsibility for its present
condition.
It was a source of deep regret to the Regents, that on an occasion
of great interest to the science of the country, when large numbers
of the most eminent scientific men of the nation were gathered in
the capital of the State, its collections could not be exhibited. The
occasion had at an early day been designated as suitable for the
inauguration of the new Geological Hall; and, on full consultation,
it was regarded expedient, notwithstanding the condition of the
Cabinet, that the ceremonies of the inauguration should take place
An audience of some five thousand people filled a tent which had
been erected in the Park of the Albany Academy, and listened
with great interest to appropriate addresses from
Prof. Louis Agassiz, of Cambridge, Mass.;
Prof. CHestER Dewey, of Rochester;
Pres. EDWARD Hitcucock, of Amherst, Mass.;
Pres. A. B. ANDERSON, of Rochester ;
Prof. CHARLES Daviss, of Fishkill ;
Rey. Dr. Cox, of Owego.
8 | SevaTE
The Regents regret that they have not been able to secure copies
of all these addresses : those of Prof. Dewey, Pres. Hircucock
and Prof. Davies, are appended to this report.
The necessary means for the proper exhibition of the collections
having been made by the present Legislature, the work will be
entered on at the earliest practicable day; and the Regents con-
fidently hope to be able to make such arrangements of the Cabinet
as will meet public expectation, and be a just pride to the citizens
of the State.
The condition of the Cabinet requiring but little of the time of
the Curator, he was directed to take the field for the purpose of
collecting fossils in several of the geological formations which had
not been fully explored, or in which the collections were deficient.
He prosecuted the work with great zeal through the season, and
his success has been highly satisfactory.
“A catalogue of the fossils thus collected is appended : also
descriptions of paleeozoie fossils, chiefly from those constituting
the third volume of the Paleontology of New-York, with others
from the fourth volume, by Prof. James Hauu. Also a catalogue
of miscellaneous contributions made during the year.
By Order of the Regents.
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
S. B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.
ACCOUNT CURRENT.
Tuer Regents of the University, in account current with the appropriation
for preserving and increasing the ‘‘ State Cabinet of Natural History,
and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto,’”’ and
for defraying the incidental expenses of the same.
DR.
1856, ;
To balance at close of last account ........ ala eniTeaeers seceeseccecees SII 72
To balance of appropriation 1855-6 ...++-ssereeeecssrveccereccseeees 600 00
$719 72
Ch.
1856,
Jan. 24. By cash paid for removing from the wing to basement of old State Hall,
Dec. 1854; and for removing again to Academy, 1855 ...--. No.1, $44 00
Feb. 5. By ditto, rent of Mr. Hurst’s room, Nov. 1855 to Feb.1856 ....No.2, 21 00
March 3. By ditto, Dexter & Nelligar, alcoho] and camphor ...... Scooo0S No.3, 18 02
March 6. By ditto, Mr. Hurst’s salary, Dec. 755 to March 1856 ......-..-. No.4, 50 00
April 28. By ditto, to Mr. Hurst for assistance in removing collections ...-No.5, 200 00
May 12. By ditto, for rent of Mr. Hurst’s room to May...-....++-+seee, No.6, 21 00
May 17. By ditto, for contingents .........esesceessseeeeeceeees podede No. 7, 5 70
June 4. By ditto, Mr. Hurst’s salary to June -...-. sogHodonsd dodna0000 No.8, 50 00
Sept. 1. By ditto, Mr. Hurst’s salary to September...... SodgdD DeGedoERS No.9, 50 00
Oct. 16. By ditto, to Mr Hurst for removing collection .....-. © a olsieieln- No. 10, 9 00
Dec. 1. By ditto, for contingents ......see+eseseeeseeveee dood0sC0 +e»: No.11, 13 50
Dec. 1. By ditto, Mr. Hurst’s salary .....-...-- Qo0nodsbode5e oon o-++-No.12, 50 00
Dec. 30. By ditto, for contingents . ...-...seseseceeeceess wevecesseeu NO. 13, 7 %2
$539 94
Balance to new account..... po0o000 00 cece ccoce corace : - $179 78
( COPY.)
ABany Crry Bank : January 2, 1857. I certify that there is a balance of one
hundred and seventy-nine dollars and seventy-eight cents, standing to the credit of
the State Cabinet of Natural History, on the books of this bank. f
(Signed) H.H. MARTIN, Cashier.
On behalf of the Standing Committee on the State Cabinet, I have
examined the above account, and find it correct. The payments are made
by order of the standing committee, and are accompanied by proper
vouchers. J.N. CAMPBELL.
CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.
——= ee
Addresses delivered at the Inauguration of the State Geological Hall,
August 27, 1856 :
.1. Pror. CHESTER DEWEY ;
2. Pres. EDWARD HITCHCOCK ;
8. Pror. CHARLES DAVIES.
Catalogue of Fossils collected by HzEK1EL JEwnrtt, Curator of the
Cabinet, 1856.
Description of Palzeozoie Fossils, by Prof. James Haut.
Miscellaneous.
APPENDIX.
A.
ADDRESSES
DELIVERED AT THE
INAUGURATION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL HALL,
August 27, 1856.
PROF. DEWEY’S ADDRESS.
Mr. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN :
WE have listened with unalloyed pleasure to the distinguished
lecturer ( Prof. Acassiz), as he has shown us “ Nature as an in-
telligent whole.” Universal homage is paid to him, and his praise
has been beaming from a thousand eyes. To him, in the wise ar-
rangements of the committee, an hour, and more, was assigned,
which he has admirably employed and filled. But several are to
follow him; and as time is short and flying, the same committee
have kindly allotted to some of us fifteen minutes, to some ten,
and to some five. Consider this, I pray you, ten minutes for a
speech on this splendid occasion : ten minutes allotted to—what
do you call him—an Old Fogie? I accept the designation, for
more than ten minutes. For, what is a Fogie? I ask. As one of the
Scientific Association, and on the authority of its “ Linguical
Committee,” I answer for the advancement and diffusion of know-
ledge, a Fog-ie is one who has got out of the fog, and an old fogie
has long been out of the fog. From the constitution of things, if
there are old fogies, there must be young fogies. As it has been
finely said that “the boy is father to the man,” so the young fogie
is father to the old fogie. The ladies will please to take this into
special consideration.
Looking upon this brilliant scene in reference to the objects
contemplated, the different state of things near the close of the
last century seems hardly credible. Let us look at the facts, and
briefly trace the history.
Then, only about half a dozen men in the Union understood
even the elements of the geology of that day. Not a collection of
minerals existed in any college or in private hands, and the very
few which curiosity had picked up were unnamed and unknown.
14 [ SENATE
Prof. Siruman, who was graduated in 1796, carried,at a later day,
the whole mass of the minerals at Yale for examination and study
to Philadelphia, in a candlebor!! Most of the colleges in the
Northern States possessed still fewer minerals. The science itself
was in its very infancy, and books were not formed or circulated.
The world of minerals was a petrifying blank before the inquiring
eye. But the pioneers in Natural History had begun their benefi-
eent course, and their names will be honored by this intelligent
audience to-day.
Prominent among them for his zeal, and his patronage of the
aspirants after knowledge, was Witt1am Mactureg, author of the
first geological map of the United States, a work of indefatigable
effort; Dr. Bensamin WateruouseE of Cambridge University, who
had directed the attention and enlightened the taste of the public
on some partsof this subject; Dr. Apam Sryzerrt of Philadelphia,
who, coming fresh: from the school of Werner in Saxony, was able
sreatly to extend the knowledge of the lovers of Nature’s works ;
Dr. Samuet L. Mitcuitt of New-York, an ardent student and pa-
tron of natural science, who was the author of the first geological
report in our country*; Dr. A. Bruce of New-York, who published
the American Journal of Mineralogy in 1810, the first work of the
kind in the land; Col. Gzorer Gises, an ardent collector of mi-
nerals, and a zealous and patriotic amateur in the science : most
of these brought into the country from Europe, in the first decade
of this century, large collections of minerals and rich stores of
geological knowledge. These have long since ceased from their
honored labors. Two others remain, who belong to these pioneers
of Natural Science.
Parker Cieavetanp, Professor in Bowdoin College, who con-
ferred immense benefit upon our country by his excellent System
of Mineralogy and Elements of Geology, the great text-book of
this science for many years; and Professor S1timman, perhaps the
youngest of the pioneers, who had begun his noble course, the
‘loved and honored Professor of Chemistry at Yale, who in a
* « The Society for promoting agriculture, arts and manufactures,” incorporated
in 1793, afterwards merged in the Albany Institute, appointed Dr. Mircuinn Com-
missioner to examine and report on the ‘‘ Minerals of the State.’’ His report was
printed in the Medical Repository in 1798 and 1799, and treated chiefly of the rocks;
but is the term geology used in it?
No. 109.] 15
green old age gladdens our eyes and hearts to-day, the Emeritus
Professor in the legitimate and full meaning of the term, emeritus
in the minds of thousands besides the Yalenses. Fifty years ago
last June, Prof. Sintiman returned from his tour in Europe, stored
with the facts and principles of the first age of geology, but pos-
sessing a richer treasure for the country in that spirit of enterprise
and communication of science demanded at that day. Within five
years he saw the magnificent cabinet of Col. Gipss deposited in
Yale College, for practical use there, and for the advantage of the
whole country. The impulse was given, and the impulse was felt.
What a change those pioneers had wrought in the twenty years
from Si1ttiman’s graduation!
Forty years ago commenced the career of Prof. Amos Eaton, in
short courses of lectures on chemistry and botany, mineralogy
and geology. After he had been for years a graduate of Williams
College, and settled in this State in the honorable profession of the
law, he spent several months attending the various lectures at
Yale College, to fit him for the proposed effort. I have ever re-
joiced that my humble influence brought him to his Alma Mater,
where for months he gave lectures on natural history to the stu-
dents. Commended by the Faculty of Williams College, he went
forth to diffuse the elements of this science, and to rouse the
attention of the people to this subject. Singular as he seemed to
some, he was scientific, ardent and confident; and he exerted a
vast influence on the minds of the young, and of the older also,
and many received directly from him that impulse which has led
to great results. Patronized by Gen. StrrepHen Van RenssELAER, of
this city, so distinguished for his liberality, and so loved and ho-
nored by the great community, Mr. Eaton made, among other
works, his famous Survey of the Canal Rocks. This was published
by the Patroon, who also placed Mr. Faron at the head of the
Rensselaer Institute, only to act in a wider and more useful sphere.
Prof. Eaton was the first to assert, from his examination of the
rocks of New-York and New-England, that the geologists of
Europe would come to the United States to study their favorite
science on a grander scale. This day, and in your hearing, has Prof.
Agassiz announced to you that the prophecy is already fulfilled.
16 | SenaTE
With this time of Eaton arose the second set of pioneers, as they ©
have been named ; active and enlightened, laborious and success-
ful, in their efforts in this extensive field. Among them it was my
privilege to act ahumble part, making some tracks in the pathway
of the science, or following the tracks of others. Many of them
have followed the first pioneers to the grave; but some remain,
widely known on both sides of the Atlantic for their developments
of natural science in our State, and in other States; some of them
to unite in this joyous festivity. Their familiar but furrowed faces
need not designation by me.
- In 1836, twenty years from the last era, another and numerous
body of naturalists was spread over the land. For in twenty years
of our history, a new set of colaborers in all the branches of na-
tural science come to fill our horizon, while many of the preceding
continue in full activity. For, among the great and efficient workers
in our own State Survey were several from the school of Eaton,
or who had felt his influence, who have far outstripped their
teacher ; but, to-day they find themselves surrounded with the
active, energetic minds of a younger generation.
Geological surveys of several States had been begun, or were
already completed. The earliest survey, under legislative authority,
was of North-Carolina by Prof. Otmstrp, the excellent Report
being printed in 1824-5.
In 1836 began the Geological Survey of the State of New-York,
on a grander scale, and over a grander series of rocks. To-day, it
is our privilege and joy to inaugurate the results in that noble,
if not perfect, edifice, the Grotocican Haru. Appropriate is this
designation, however numerous and important the departments in
it. Let it not be called Zoological Hall, or Mineralogical or Agri-
cultural Hall, but GroLocicau Hatt in the widest end truest sense;
since the objects in the several departments form the earth, or
spring from the earth, or are nourished by the earth, or operate on
the earth, or support the creatures of the earth, or decorate the
earth, the mother of all : Geological Hall now, and Geological
Hall forever!
By the statute for the Survey, the Legislature appropriated
26,000 dollars a year for four years of explorations ; amounting
to 104,000 dollars for the survey, the collections, and the general
No. 109.] 17
and annual reports. The Legislature afterwards extended the
Survey for two years more, at the same rate. The whole country
was astounded at the sum ; an amazing, unheard of sum for the
expense of the Natural History of the State! There became ne-
cessary, a Geologist for each of the four great districts of the State,
a Mineralogist and Chemist, a Botanist, a Zoologist, with their
assistants; a Surveyor of its agriculture, and a Palzontologist for
its fossils. For the statute required a “Complete Geological
‘Survey of this State,” which was to “furnish a full and scientific
description of its roeks, soils and minerals, and of its botanical
and zoological productions, together with specimens of the same.”
There must be many workers; and they have not introduced an
object which was not contemplated in the law. While the statute
was framed with apparent wisdom and great care, it contemplated
magnificent results. These it has produced, in the estimation of
the scientific world.
Consider merely the points in the Survey, in connection with
the results. t
1. The general provisions in the law embraced all the three
kingdoms of nature in this State.
2. The law required extensive collections of the objects. While
the most important and extensive collection fills and adorns the
Geological Hall, a large collection in mineralogy and geology was
given to each college in the State, and to some other literary in-
stitutions. 7
3. It required deseriptions of all the specimens, and figures
especially of the new or rare.
4. It required a wide range of publications. Already the geo-
logical map of the State, and nineteen volumes quarto have been.
published. These have been spread among our citizens and literary
institutions with generous liberality ; and many copies have gone,
in the true national spirit, to other States, or been given to the
institutions of Europe. To the two volumes on palzontology, so
highly illustrated by plates, three more are to be added to com-
plete the Natural History of the State. The next volume is to
appear early in 1857.
5. ‘The Survey has been magnificent in its cost, already exceeding
600,000 dollars. Such has been the liberality and wise foresight
| Senate No. 109.] 2
18 | Senate
of the State of New-York in this expense, that every citizen is
actually made richer by this bounty, and the whole crowned with
glory in the admiring eyes of the civilized world. But, had the
Legislature known the cost involved in the terms of the law, they
would never have passed, or would have greatly modified, the
statute. For science, this ignorance was most fortunate ; and for
the glory of the State, most propitious.
But, you ask, how came this blessed ignorance? In the most
natural way. The Legislature had no adequate conception of the
amount of the objects of natural history in the State ; no means
of knowing it. The naturalists were also in darkness on the sub-
ject. Take only the fossils for illustration. No geologist suspected,
from publications of similar surveys, that more than three or four
hundred species could be found in the State; but, on examination,
these “‘medals of creation,” resting in their secret habitations in
the rocks, appeared in unthonght of multitude. The first volume
of the Paleontology contains 380 species, found in a few of the
lowest series of the fossiliferous strata; the second volume, 340
species in a few newer rocks : 720 species in less than half the
series. The three coming volumes will contain from ten to twelve
hundred, making in the whole near two thousand species of fossils.
Hence it is that the work has so grown in the hands of the na-
turalists, altogether beyond their highest anticipations, and that
unexpected appropriations have become necessary in carrying out
the simple letter of the statute.
The expense for the collections, for the drawings, for the litho-
graphs and engravings, for the coloring of plates, and for printing,
binding and salaries, may be seen by a careful examination of the
volumes already published. It is not surprising that the Legislature
hesitated, and that the work had come to a temporary stand more
than two years ago; but so much labor had already been performed,
and so great a sum already paid for results to appear in the coming
~yolumes, that the stoppage of the work would involve too great a
sacrifice. Consultation was needed, and consultation was had. A
little of the light of the “Old Fog-ie” was called for, and it was
' cheerfully presented, and cordially accepted and adopted. It was
felt and asserted in other States, as well as in our own, that the
Empire State was committed, and her honor pledged before the
No. 109.] 19
world. Her wise and patriotic citizens admitted the claim, and the
obligation to go forward. In virtue of a statute in 1855, the com-
pletion of the Survey in three more volumes was settled, and the
terms in due time arranged. In this arrangement, the late Secretary
of the Regents of the University, an honored name, the judicious
Beck, now sincerely mourned, gave his full soul and his strong
arm to the then Secretary of State. These two were by law the
commissioners. The work moved onward again. Favored by Divine
Providence as she has been, the State will hold on in her steady,
beneficent course to the end, so that the last shout of her glory
shall be “ Excersror !” |
I have done. The light of history illumines our path. I rejoice
in beholding this day and this splendid scene. In the Groxoeican
Hatzt you may behold the results : there are treasured up the
lasting testimonials of this magnificent Survey, for your vision,
improvement, and enjoyment. Born and educated a Yankee;
having dwelt fifty years in Yankee land, and for twenty years been
called an adopted son of this Commonwealth, it is my honor to-day
to present before you, in my humble way, that glory which is
emblazoned by this History upon the Escutcheon of the Empire
State.
20 [SEnaTE
PROF. HITCHCOCK’S ADDRESS.
Mr. PRESIDENT :
Tuts interesting occasion turns my thoughts irresistibly backward
upon the early periods of those scientific enterprises, of which we
have before us in this city some of the magnificent results. For
this Geological Hall, which we meet to dedicate, would neither
have been devoted to this purpose, nor supplied with specimens,
had not a Geological Survey preceded it. Having been acquainted
with the men who originated and executed this Survey, will you
allow me to indulge in a few reminiscences concerning that work
and its results in the few moments allotted me.
This, I believe, is the first example in which a State Government
in our country has erected a museum for the exhibition of its na-
tural resources : its minerals and rocks; its plants and animals,
living and fossil. And this seems to me the most appropriate spot
in the country for placing the first Geological Hall erected by the
Government : fur the county of Albany was the district where
the first geological survey was undertaken on this side of the
Atlantic. This was in 1820, and was ordered by that eminent phi-
lanthropist, StepHzen Van RenssELAER; who, three years later,
appointed Professor Eaton to survey in like manner the whole
region traversed by the Erie canal. This was the commencement
of a work, which, during the last thirty years, has had a wonder-
ful expansion ; reaching a large part of the States of the Union,
as well as Canada, Nova-Scotia and New-Brunswick, and I might
add several European countries, where the magnificent surveys
now in progress did not commence til] after the survey of Albany
and Rensselaer counties. How glad are we, therefore, to find on
this spot the first Museum of Economical Geology on this side of
the Atlantic. Nay, embracing as it does all the departments of
natural history, I see in it more than a European Museum of
No. 109.] 21
Economical Geology, splendid though they are. I fancy rather that
I see here the germ of a Cis-atlantic British Museum, or Garden
of Plants.
North-Carolina was the first State that ordered a geological
survey ; and I have the pleasure of seeing before me the gentle-
man who executed it, and in 1824 and 5 published a report of
140 pages. I refer to Professor Oumstep, who, though he has since
won still brighter laurels in another department of science, will
always be honored as the first commissioned State Geologist in our
land.
South-Carolina commissioned Professor Vanuxem only a year
later, to do for her what had been done in North-Carolina. This
report, however, was never published save in the newspapers.
After this there was a long hiatus in the State surveys. In 1828 I
published a review of Professor Oumsten’s labors, in the hope of
turning the attention of legislators to the subject, but in vain. In
1830, however, I was more successful. Pardon me if I tell you:
how. Being on my way to visit the Coal regions of Pennsylvania,
the newspapers informed me that the State of Massachusetts had
ordered a trigonometrical survey. I ventured to suggest to Gov.
Livncotn, how desirable it would be to have a geological survey
connected with the enterprise. On my return, I found that he had
. recommended it, and that the Legislature had adopted it, and that
a geological commission awaited myself.
It was not till three or four years later, that any other State
moved in this enterprise : then followed Tennessee, Maryland,
and New-Jersey. But in 1836 New-York entered upon the work,’
on a scale more liberal and with a plan more judicious than any
other State before or since. She first obtained the opinion of scien-
tific men as to the best mode of procedure, by a circular sent forth
from the Hon. Jouw A. Drx, then. Secretary of State : then she
appropriated over $100,000 to the survey ; and now behold the
magnificent result, or rather some of the results! For the nineteen
splendid quartos already issued do not tell the whole story ; since
others are in reserve, which are looked for with deep interest by:
scientific men on both sides of the Atlantic. This survey has de-
veloped the older fossiliferous rocks with a fullness and distinctness
unknown elsewhere. Hence European savans study the New-York
22 | Senate
Reports with eagerness. In 1850, as I entered the Woodwardian
Museum in the Univerity of Cambridge in England, I found Prof.
M‘Coy busy with a collection of Silurian fossils before him, which
he was studying with Hatw’s first volume of Paleontology as his
guide ; and in the splendid volumes entitled British Paleozoic
Rocks and Fossils, which appeared last year as the result of those
researches, I find Prof. Hatt denominated “the great American
paleoutologist.” I tell you, Sir, that this survey has given New-
York a reputation throughout the learned world, of which she
may well be proud. Am I told that it will probably cost more than
half a million? Very well : the larger the sum, the higher will
be the reputation of the people of New-York for liberality ; and
what other half million expended in our country has developed
so many new facts, or thrown so much light upon the early history
of the globe, or won so world-wide and enviable a reputation ?
Allow me to add, that I have taken a deeper interest in this
survey, because I was offered a commission by Governor Marcy
to explore the first district, which I accepted, and actually entered
upon the work; but the magnitude of the undertaking, and a
poor state of health, led me early to resign, and leave the place
to be filled by Prof. Marner. I confess, also, that I had a strong
hope that I might have an opportunity to resurvey Massachusetts ;
and finding Governor Everett in the chair of state, I offered my
services anew; and through his recommendation, always ready to
be given for the promotion of learning, I obtained a new commis-
sion, and went over ground a second time, which I would gladly
survey again, did life and health allow. Geologists who enter upon
such a work with all the facilities now within their reach, can form
but a faint idea of the difficulties we encountered who were early
in the field. —
In regard to this matter of geological surveys, I can hardly avoid
making a suggestion here. So large a portion of our country has
now been examined more or less thoroughly by the several State
Governments, that it does seem to me the time has come when the
National Government should order a Survey, geological, zoological
and botanical, of the whole country, on such a liberal and thorough
plan as the surveys in Great Britain and Austria are now conducted
upon; it being understood in the latter country, that at least
No. 109.] 23
thirty years will be occupied in the work. Could not the distin-
guished New-York statesman; who was to have addressed us to-
day, be induced, when the present great struggle in which he is
engaged shall have been brought to a close by a merciful Provi-
dence, to introduce this subject and urge it upon Congress? And
would it not be appropriate for the American Association for the
Advancement of Science to throw a petition before the Government
for such an object? Or might it not, with the consent cf the emi-
nent gentleman who has charge of the Coast Survey, be connected
therewith, as it is with the Ordnance Survey in Great Britain ?
But to return from this digression, another important result of
the New-York Survey was the origination of the Association of |
American Geologists, which has gradually expanded into the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. Many of
us, who were engaged in the State surveys, were so isolated from
one another, that we had few means of comparing views, or ob-
taining advice in our conclusions. Professor Marurr, I believe,
through Professor Emmons, first suggested the subject of a meeting
to the Board of Geologists in November 1838, in a letter proposing
several points for their consideration. I quote from that letter the
following paragraph relating to the meeting. As to the credit he
has here given me of having previously suggested the subject, I
can say only that I had been in the habit for several years of
making this meeting of scientific men a sort of hobby, in my
correspondence with such. Whether others did the same, i did not
then, and do not now, know. Were this the proper place, I could
go more into details on this point; but I will merely quote Prof.
MarueEr’s language to the Board*.
_ * As this is a matter of seme historical interest, it may not be arrogant or im-
proper for me to add in a note, that in 1849 Prof. Marner addressed a letter to me
(dated Jackson, Ohio, Sept. 6), on this subject. A few extracts follow.
>
s¢PROF. HITCHCOCK :
' “ Dear Sta—I received a few days since the Proceedings of the Am. Association
for the Advancement of Science, lst meeting. held in Philadelphia, Sept. 1848; and
in it, page 91, I found a letter from Prof. Haxu, and observed with some surprise
the latter part of the sentence of the second paragraph (relating to Prof. Van-
UXEM), viz ; ‘and to whom is due, above all others, the honor of being the first
man to propose such an organization.’ Now I do not wish to detract at all from the
merit due to Prof. Vanuxem; and perhaps Prof. Hatt made the representation
Q4 | SENATE
“Would it not be well,” says he, “to suggest the propriety of
a meeting of the geologists and other scientific men of our country
at some central point next fall, say in New-York or Philadelphia.
There are many questions in our geology, that will receive new
light from friendly discussion and the combined observations of
various individuals who have noted them in varions parts of our
country. Such a meeting has been suggested by Prof. Hircucock,
and to me it seems desirable. It would undoubtedly be an advan-
tage not only to science, but to the several surveys that are now
in progress, and that may in future be authorised. It will tend to
make known our scientific men to each other personally ; give
them more confidence in each other, and cause them to concentrate
their observations on those questions that are of interest either in
a scientific or commercial point of view. More questions may be
satisfactorily settled in a day by oral discussion, than in a year by
writing and publieation.”
from memory only, or from hearsay, on the spur of the occasion; but that which
belongs to the history of the Association of American Geologists ought, if stated
where it will be referred to, to be stated accurately. Yau know that he was not the
first to propose such an organization in 1838.
‘Tn 1887, I received a letter from you on this subject; but it is lost, or E do not
find it on my file of letters.
“ On the 12th of Oct. 1838, you wrote me at Albany, and the letter was forwarded
and reached me at Newburgh, in which you say ; ‘ And I had. also hoped that ere:
this a meeting of American Geologists would be brought about in New-York or
Philadelphia; but I feel that I am to be disappointed im this also.”
“On the 26th of October 1838, the day I received your letter at Newburgh, I
answered it, and said : ‘It gives me much pleasure to see you express a wish to.
compare notes with others in relation to geological observations. I think it is much
to be regretted that there is not a greater harmony of feeling, unity of action, and
interchange of opinions and observations among our geologists.” As I had to go
west before the meeting of the Geological Board of N.Y-., and which you had been
invited by me and perhaps others to attend, I wrote to the Board some suggestions.
that seemed to me important, as follows:’’ ¢ Then follows the letter containing
the extract in the text. Prof. M- closes his letter to me with the following : }
‘Vou, so far as I know, first suggested the matter of such an association. I laid
the matter before the Board of Geologists of N.Y., specifying some of the advan-
tages that might be expected to result; and Prof. VanuxEem probably made the
motion before the Board in regard to it, which may have been all that Prof. Harn
knew about it.
“We can each of us well dispense with the honor that might be awarded for
originating the matter in one case, and putting in train for execution in the other :
still, where the origin of an important society and association of scientific men for
the advancement of science is recorded in its memoirs as historical fact, it ought
to be stated correctly.”
No.1 09.] 95
Though the Board adopted the plan of a meeting, various causes
delayed the first one till April 1840, when we assembled in Phi-
Jadelphia, and spent a week in most profitable and pleasant dis-
cussion and the presentation of papers. Our number that year was
only 18, because confined almost exclusively to the State geolo-
gists ; but the next year, when we met again in Philadelphia, and
a more extended invitation was given, about 80 were present, and
the numbers have been increasing to the present time. But in fact
those two first meetings proved the type, in all things essential, of
all that have followed. The principal changes have been those of
expansion, and the consequent introduction of many other branches
of science, with their eminent cultivators. In 1842, we changed
the name to that of the Association of American Geologists and
Naturalists; and in 1847, to that of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science. I trust it has not yet reached its
fullest development, as our country and its scientific men multiply,
and new fields of discovery open.
It may be thought that the New-York geologists, in their in-
vitation, and the members of that first Philadelphia meeting, had
no thought of extending their association beyond geologists ; but
Prof. Maruer’s language just quoted speaks of “a meeting of the
geologists and other scientific men of our country,” thus showing
what were his aspirations; and they were shared by all of us
who had any thing to do with that first meeting. But we knew
that only a short time previous, the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences at Boston had directed a request to the American
Philosophical Society, as the oldest of the kind in the country,
that it would invite the scientific men of the land to such a meet-
ing as the one we are now enjoying; but the distinguished men of
that society declined, through fear that the effort would prove a
failure. Surely then it did not become us to announce any such
intentions or expectations; yet we did talk of them, and could
not but hope that what might fail if attempted on a large scale at.
first, might be accomplished step by step. Had not the New-York
geologists issued that modest invitation, and confined it at first to
the State surveyors, probably even yet we might have been without
an Association for the Advancement of Science.
Such are some of the results of this Geological Survey, that have
26 | SewaTE
become matter of history : others, perhaps greater than these,
belong to posterity, and need the ken of prophecy to describe.
We may be quite sure, however, that this Hall will be a centre of
deep interest to coming generations. Long after we shail have
passed away, will the men of New-York, as they survey these
monuments, feel stimulated te engage in other noble enterprises
by this work of their progenitors ; and from many a distant part
of the civilized world will men come here to solve their scientific
questions, and to bring far off regions into comparison with this.
New-York, then, by her liberal patronage of science, has not only
acquired an honorable name among the living in all civilized
lands, but has secured the voice of history to transmit her fame
to far off generations.
No. 109.] 27
REMARKS OF PROF. DAVIES.
———
To one accustomed to speak only on the abstract quantities of
number and space, this is an unusual occasion, and this an unusual
audience. How is it possible for me to discuss the abstract forms
of geometry, when I see before me, in such profusion, the most
beautiful real forms that Providence has vouchsafed to the sight
of man!
I propose to introduce and develop but asingle train of thought,
viz. the unchangeable connection between what in common lan-
guage is called the theoretical and practical, but, in more technical
phraseology, the ideal and actual.
The actual, or true practical, consists in the uses of the forces
of nature according to the laws of nature ; and here we must
distinguish between it and the empirical, which uses or attempts
to use those forces without a knowledge of the laws. The true
practical, therefore, is the result or actual of an antecedent ideal.
The ideal, full and complete, must exist in the mind before the
actual can be brought forth according to the laws of science.
_ Who, then, are the truly practical men of our age? Are they
not those who are engaged most laboriously and successfully in
investigating the great laws? Are they not those who are pressing
out the boundaries of knowledge into new and unexplored regions,
where, perchance, yet may slumber some great principle of nature,
corresponding in the simplicity of its laws, and the magnitude of
its results, to that which gave birth to the steam engine or electric
telegraph? Is not the gentleman from Massachusetts ( Professor.
Agassiz) the most praetical man in our country,in the department
of natural history ; not because he has collected the greatest num-
ber of specimens, but because he has laid open to us all the laws
of the animal kingdom ?
Are the formulas written on the blackboard by the gentleman
28 [ SENATE-
from Cambridge ( Professor Prrrce) of no practical value, because
they cannot be read by the uninstructed? A single line may con-
tain the elements of the motions of all the heavenly bodies ; and
the eye of science, taking its’ standpoint at the centre of gravity
of the system, will see in the equation the harmonious revolutions
of all the bodies which circle the heavens. It is such labors and
such generalizations that have rendered his name illustrious in the
history of mathematical science.
Is it of no practical value that the Chief of the Coast Survey
( Professor Bacue), by a few characters written on paper at Wa-
shington, has determined the exact time of high and low tide in
the Harbor of Boston, and can determine by a similar process the
exact times of high and low water at every point on the surface
of the globe? Are not these results, the highest efforts of science,
also of the greatest practical utility ? And may we not then con-
clude that there is nothing truly practical which is not the consequence
of an antecedent ideal ?
Science is to art, what the great fly-wheel or governor of a steam
engine is to the working parts of the machinery : it guides, regu-
lates, and controls the whole. Science and art are inseparably
connected : like the Siamese twins, they cannot be separated with-
out producing the death of both.
How, then, should we regard the superb specimens of Natural
History which the liberality, the munificence and wisdom of our
State have collected at the Capital? They are the elements from
which we can here determine all that belongs to the natural history
of the State; and may we not hope that science and genius may
be brought here, and, striking them with a magic wand, cause the
true practical to spring into immortal life!
APPENDIX.
bd
CATALOGUE OF FOSSILS
COLLECTED BY EZEKIEL JEWETT,
CURATOR OF THE CABINET,
1856.
Nol: VE aT
WADERS 2A HEN BA shiping
i he
ehh
*
Sy
‘ wi
rit
,
fi nee i
{ fee
F A Pe Se 4
; = va
i ik %
q
i 9 5
wee “
Pees
2 " t Fey a
f ;
in ee
ey ea Ba;
CATALOGUE OF FOSSILS COLLECTED BY E. JEWETT,
CURATOR OF THE CABINET.
BIRDSEYE LIMESTONE.
1 Slab Puytopsis CELLULOSUM (large). Fort-Plain.
TRENTON LIMESTONE.
1 ReETEPORA FENESTRATA. Sacket’s-harbor.
2 Sricropora acuta. Jacksonburgh.
18 CH#@TETES LYCOPERDON. 2 species. Jacksonburgh.
5 Slabs various corals. do.
14 ORTHIS PECTINELLA. do.
1] LEPTMHNA FILITEXTA. do.
2 PLEUROTOMARIA BILIX. do.
6 BELLEROPHON BILOBATUS. do.
2 MuURCHISONIA GRACILIS. do.
UTICA SLATE.
20 OnrHis? sp.? Utica. °
21 ATRYPA sp.? do.
5D ORTHOCERATITES., do.
1 Slab GRAPTOLITES SCALARIS. Fort-Plain.
1 Slab GRAPTOLITES. . do.
1 Slab 11 CALYMENE BECKITI. do.
CLINTON GROUP.
1 CANNAPORA JUNCIFORMIS. Rochester.
1 HELOPORA FRAGILIS. . do.
2 PHMNOPORA CONSTELLATA. do.
5 Slabs GRAPTOLITES CLINTONENSIS. do.
10 do FucorpsEs (various). New-Hartford.
3 do Tracks of GASTEROPODA. do.
1 “do Tracks of BRAcHIOPODA. do.
1 do Gutyprocrinus PLUMOSUS. do.
1 do EpsomitEs. Lockport.
i
5
150
ft
—
er ee
120
32 | Senate
Slab CorALs ( various). New- Hartford.
Slabs CYCLOLITES ROTULOIDES. do.
LINGULA OBLONGA. do.
AVICULA RHOMBOIDEA. de.
AVICULA EMACERATA. do.
MopDI0Lopsis sp.? do,
ORTHIS TENUIDENS. do.
ATRYPA GIBBOSA. do.
‘ATRYPA EQUIRADIATA. do.
LEPTANA SERICEA, do.
LEPTANA CORRUGATA. do.
Slab ATRYPA CONGESTA. Reynolds’s Basin.
Slab ATRYPA-HEMISPHERICA. Rochester.
PENTAMERUS OBLONGUS. do.
Slabs PENTAMERUS OBLONGUS. do.
Slabs TENTACULITES MINUTUS. do.
ORTHOCERATITE ( very large). “New-Hartford.
ORTHOCERATITES, sp.? do.
NIAGARA GROUP.
STREPTELASMA CALICULA.
CERAMOPORA IMBRICATA.
ASTROCERIUM CONSTRICTUM.
HELIOLITES ELEGANS.
STOMATOPORA CONCENTRICA.
HELIOLITES PYRIFORMIS.
POLYDILASMA TURBINATA.
Slab various corals.
Slab CLADOPORA SERIATA.
Slab CLADOPORA MULTIPORA.
Various Bryozoa.
CARYOCRINUS ORNATUS.
EUCALYPTOCRINUS DECORUS.
STEPHANGCRINUS ANGULATUS.
STEPHANOCRINUS GEMMIFORMIS. do.
LEPTHNA TRANSVERSALIS.
LEPTHNA DEPRESSA.
LEPTHNA SUBPLANA.
LEPTHNA STRIATA.
ORTHIS ELEGANTULA.
QRTHIS HYBRIDA.
Lewiston.
do.
do.
Lockport.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Lewiston.
do.
de.
do.
de.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
No. 109.] 33
3 ORTHIS FLABELLULUM. Lewiston.
20 SPIRIFER NIAGARENSIS. do.
4 SPiIRIFER BILOBUS. do.
60 SPpiIRIFER CRISPUS. do.
45 SPpmIRIFER SULCATUS. do.
75 ATRYPA RETICULARIS. do.
150 ATRYPA NODOSTRIATA. de.
55 ATRYPA NITIDA. do.
160 ATRYPA NEGLECTA. do.
30 ATRYPA CUNEATA. do.
4 ATRYPA CORALLIFERA. do.
195 ATRYPA CARINOSA. do.
5 ATRYPA OBTUSIPLICATA. do.
26 ATRYPA RUGOSA. do.
4 ATRYPA INTERPLICATA. do.
45 PLATYOSTOMA NIAGARENSIS. do.
7 ACROCULIA NIAGARENSIS. ’ do.
1 CALYMENE NIAGARENSIS. Rochester.
7 BuMasrts ( imperfect ). Lewiston.
3 Slabs BryYRICHIA SYMMETRICA, CYTHERINA SPINOSA, TEN-
TACULITES NIAGARENSIS, ORBICULA SQUAMIFORMIS,
Parts of TRILOBITES, CRINOIDAL COLUMNS, etc.
ONONDAGA-SALT GROUP.
1 Slab CyTHERINA, sp.? Blackrock.
1 Slab Orruts, sp.? Waterville.
1 HuRYPTERUS REMIPES. Blackrock.
1 Head of EurYPTERUS REMIPES. do.
1 Fragment showing structure. do.
WATERLIME GROUP.
4 Slabs CoraLs, sp.? Litchfield, Herkimer county.
12 SrREPTELASMA, sp.? do.
1 Slab StREPTELASMA. do.
54 TELLINOMYA, sp.? do.
10 LEpPTANA, sp.? de.
6 SPIRIFER CRISPUS. do.
1 Slab Mopiouopsis. do.
80 ATRYPA SULCATA. do.
1 ORTHOCERATITE, sp.? Paris Hill.
7 LiIrroRINA ANTIQUA. Litchfield.
| Senate No. 109. ] 3
34 [ SENATE
6 MuRCHISONIA, sp.? Litchfield.
1 GomPHOCERAS, sp.? Paris Hill.
12 CYRTOCERAS. Litchfield.
10 Slabs BryRicuta ( various). Paris Hill.
3 Slabs SPIRORBIS, sp.? do.
PENTAMERUS LIMESTONE.
2 SToMATOPORA CONCENTRICA. Litchfield.
2 FAavositE, sp.? do:
1 Large slab various fossils. do.
4 LeEprana, sp.? do.
16 Lreprana, sp.? do.
2 OrTHIS, sp.? do.
4 AVICULA, sp.? do.
6) ATRY PA, asp.2 do.
80 ATRYPA, sp.? do.
10 ATRYPA RETICULARIS ? do.
1 ASTROCRINITES PACHYDAOCTYLUS.do.
4 Parts of ditto. do.
1 barge slab 7 CRINOIDS, sp.? do.
1 Large slab 8 LEPTOCRINITES GEBHARDI. do.
1 Large slab CRINOIDS, 2 species : sp.? do:
2. CYSTIDEANS, sp.? do.
2 ACROCULIA, sp.? do.
2 PLATYOSTOMA,. sp.? do..
4 BELLEROPHON,. sp.? do.
1 CoNnuULARIA, sp.? do.
ONONDAGA LIMESTONE.
10 Slabs various corals. Williamsville.
2 CYATHOPHYLLUM (very large), sp.? do.
1 Slab Corats. Buffalo.
22 PENTAMERUS ELONGATUS. Williamsville.
6 IcHTHYODORULITES. : Blackrock.
CORNIFEROUS LIMESTONE.
80 RETEPORA, sp.? Buffalo.
85 FENESTELLA, sp.? do.
1 Slab Corats, sp.? Babeock’s Hill.
1 ReETEPORA, sp.? do.
1 Slab Coraus; sp.? Blackrock.
No. 109.] 35
97
We)
CoRAL, sp.?
CHATETES, sp.?
STREPTELASMA, sp.?
LEPTZNA, sp.?
LEPTHNA ACUTIRADIATA.
LEPTANA.
ORTHIS LENTICULARIS.
ORTHIS, sp.?
ATRYPA, sp.?
ATRYPA, sp.?
ATRYPA RETICULARIS.
SPIRIFER FIMBRIATA.
SPIRIFER RUGOSA.
PLEURORHYNCUS TRIGONALIS.
PENTAMERUS, §p.?
CRINOIDEANS, sp.?
ORNITHICHNITES, sp.?
ACROCULIA ERECTA.
EvOMPHALUS ROTULOIDES.
CRUSTACEAN ?
Ditto, same species.
CALYMENE BUFO.
Blackrock.
Babcock’s Hill.
do.
Sangersfield.
do.
do.
Kastman’s, Sangersfield.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Williamsville.
Sangersfield.
do.
Williamsville.
do.
do. é
Blackrock.
Schoharie.
Blackrock.
MARCELLUS SHALE ( Limestone stratum).
Fossis, and fourteen species undescribed. Leroy.
HAMILTON GROUP.
STREPTELASMA RECTA.
MADRIPORES, sp.?
Various CORALS.
CoRALS, sp.?
TERRESTRIAL PLANTS ?
Ditto.
CRINOIDEANS, sp.?
CRINOIDAL CoLumMns, sp.?
Slabs D1iLnuviIAL ScRATCHES.
Slabs various fossils.
AVICULA, sp.?
AVICULA, various.
STROPHODONTA DEMISSA.
CHONETES CARINATA.
Lake Erie Shore.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Buffalo Creek.
do.
Delphi.
Lake Erie Shore.
do.
18
aoawoanpypnouonrtwna
(Se)
Oo be
pH &® wow @e eS
je
Co on
2
1
LEPTANA,
36
CHONETES, sp.?
largest sp.?
LEPTANA,
LEPTANA, sp.?
LEPTANA, sp.?
OrRTHIS, sp.?
ORTHIS, sp.?
ORTHIS UMBONATA.
SPIRIFER MUCRONATA.
SPIRIFER PUNCTILIFERA.
SPIRIFER MEDIALIS.
SPIRIFER FIMBRIATA.
ATRYPA, sp.
ATRYPA, sp.2
ATRYPA ROSTRATA.
ATRYPA, sp.?
MopioLopsis ?
AMBONYCHIA 2
MiIcRODON BELLISTRIATA.
sp.¢
GRAMMYSIA HAMILTONENSIS.
MopioLopsis ?
ALLORISMA, sp.?
BELLEROPHON, sp.?
TURBO, sp.?
TURBO, sp.?
s
| Senate
Lake Hrie Shore.
do.
do.
Delphi.
Darien.
Lake Erie Shore.
Darien.
do.
Lake Erie Shore.
do.
do.
do.
Darien.
do.
Delphi.
do.
do.
Lake Erie Shore.
Delphi.
do.
do.
Lake Hrie Shore.
do.
do.
Delphi.
PLEUROTOMARIA HAMILTONENSIS. Lake Erie Shore.
PLEUROTOMARIA ?
Delphi.
PLEUROTOMARIA SULCOMARGINATA. do.
LOXONEMA NEXILIS.
LOXONEMA, sp.?
ACROCULIA, sp.?
AcROCULIA, sp.?
ACROCULIA, sp.?
CYRTOCERAS, sp.?
GONIATITES, sp.?
Slabs CYTHERINA, sp.?
Slabs CYTHERINA, sp.?
ORTHOCERATITES, sp.?
ORTHOCERATITES, sp.?
ORTHOCERATITE ( very large).
do.
do.
Buffalo Creek.
Lake Erie Shore.
Delphi. ba
do.
do.
Lake Erie Shore.
Darien.
Lake Erie Shore.
do.
do.
eo
a
No. 109.] : 37
ORTHOCERATITES, sp.? Delphi.
ORTHOCERATITES, sp.? do.
DIPLEURA DEKAYI (heads). Cazenovia.
PHACOPS BUFO. Delphi.
CRYPHEUS CALLITELES. * Lake Erie Shore.
PHACOPS BUFO. do.
IcHTHYODORULITE, with six teeth. Darien.
APPENDIX.
DESCRIPTIONS
PAL ASOZOIC FOSSILS.
CHIEFLY FROM TEOSE CONSTITUTING THE THIRD VOLUME
OF THE
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK;
WITH OTHERS FROM THE FOURTH VOLUME, €tc. etc.
PALHOZOIC FOSSILS.
ORTHIS OBLATA (Hew species).
Paleontology of New-York, Vol. iii, pl. 10, f. 1-14.
SHELL (in the young state) longitudinally subovate, and varying
from circular to transversely oval in its stages of growth, re-
supinate : ventral valve convex at the beak, flattened in the
middle, and convex towards the front ; dorsal valve very convex
in the middle and towards the beak; beaks of the two valves.
nearly equally elevated, that of the ventral valve pointed ; area
very small; foramen large. Surface finely striated ; strice fre-
quently bifurcating and curving towards the lateral and eardinal
margins, concentrically marked by finer striz and stronger lines
of growth, which are numerous in the older shell. —
Locality. Helderberg mountains.
4
SS SN
ORTHIS OPDATA,
42 il SENATE
ORTHIS EMINENS (0. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.11, £.7- 14.
Saewx circularly subquadrate, wider than high ; ventral valve very
convex near the beak, flattened or depressed towards the base ;
beak very preminent, projecting much beyond the opposite
valve, pointed and slightly incurved : dorsal valve convex in
the middle, and depressed almost equally towards the margins ;
beak rising but slightly above the hinge-line, with a central
depression which is lost before reaching the middle of the valve :
hinge-line less than the width of the shell; area large, extending
to nearly two-thirds the entire width of the shell ; foramen large
and high. Surface finely striated with frequent bifurcations, and
curving upwards to the hinge-margin.
Locality. Helderberg mountains.
ORTHIS TUBULOSTRIATA (1. 8.)
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iti, pl. 11, f.1-6.
Suneix subeircular : valves nearly equally convex, depressed near
the margin; ventral valve more prominent towards the beak,
No. 109.] 43
which is sharply incurved over the area; area narrow, length
about half the width of the shell. Surface striated ; strize some-
what tubular, prominent, fasciculate, increasing by implantation
and bifurcation, extremely curved towards the margins, and
presenting at somewhat regular intervals small tubular pore-like -
openings upon the surface ; radiating strie, when not worn,
crossed by prominent concentric strie, and, rarely, by stronger
lines of growth.
In the usual condition of the specimens, the concentric strize are only
visible in the depressions between the radiating strie, and sometimes are
imperceptible.
Locality. Helderberg mountains.
\
=e
4 —_—_—
ORTHIS SUBCARINATA (01. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 12.
SHELL somewhat transversely oval, p!ano-convex : ventral valve
very convex, strongly elevated or subcarinate along the middle;
beak small, incurved : dorsal valve more or less flattened, with
a distinct depression along the middle, which becomes wider
towards the base, producing a sinus in the margin of the shell;
beak scarcely rising above the hinge-line ; area narrow, linear,
one-half to two-thirds the width of the shell.
The depressed line along the middle of the dorsal valve, and the ridge
upon the ventral valve, very frequently diverge from the central line,
though the specimens do not appear to have suffered any distortion from
pressure.
ORTHIS SUBCARINATA.
44 | Senate
ORTHIS PERELEGANS (2.S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 13.
SHELL transversely oval; valves nearly equally convex : ventral
valve elevated along the middle from the beak towards the front,
and sloping laterally ; beak small, pointed, incurved, extending
little beyond the other : dorsal valve subventricose, more or
less depressed along the middle from near the beak to the front ;
beak small, not much elevated above the hinge-line : cardinal
margin generally sloping a little from the beaks, rounding im-
perceptibly into the lateral margins ; area narrow, nearly half
the width of the shell ; foramen broad triangular, extending
nearly to the apex of the beak. Surface marked by fine, ir-
regular, bifurcating, longitudinal strive, crossed by concentric
lines of growth. .
Chiefly distinguished from the last by its more ventricose dorsal valve,
and by the hinge-line sloping more from the beaks laterally ; but more
readily distinguished by the internal differences.
ORTHIS PERELEGANS.
ORTHIS DEFORMIS (N.. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 14, f.3.
Swett suborbicular, lenticular : ventral valve more convex than
the opposite, most elevated between the centre and beak; beak
straight, often distorted in consequence of having been the point
by which the shell was attached : dorsal valve depressed-convex,
most elevated near the beak; beak not extending beyond the
hinge-line ; hinge-line straight, equalling about three-fourths
—— SS -
{pn
No. 109.] Ad
the width of the shell ; area broad, flat, sometimes nearly on a
plane with the greater diameter of the shell; foramen closed.
Surface marked by prominent rounded strie, which increase by
implantation, and are crossed at intervals by distinct subimbri-
cating concentric lines of growth.
This shell has much the general habit of O. embraculum of the Car-
boniferous system, but is not resupinate.
ORTHIS MULTISTRIATA (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 15, f. 2.
Suez circular or transversely suboval : ventral valve most convex
near the beak, depressed so as to form a broad shallow undefined
sinus, which sometimes gives to the front a subemarginate
aspect; beak a little more prominent than the opposite, slightly
incurved : dorsal valve more elevated, most convex between the
middle and the beak; beak rising above the hinge, obtuse and
ineurved ; hinge-line straight, about half the width of the shell ;
area small ; foramen narrow, extending nearly to the apex.
Surface marked by fine, crowded, nearly equal striew, which
increase chiefly by implantation, and are*crossed by a few faint
concentric lines of growth.
Closely related to the ventricose varieties of Orthés resupinata, and also
to the Orthis striatula of D’ORBIGNY.
ORTHIS MULTISTRIATA.
46 [SEnaTE
ORTHIS STROPHOMENOIDES (N. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.14, £.2.
SHELL transverse, somewhat semioval : ventral valve flattened
convex, with a distinct narrow mesial elevation passing from
beak to base; beak searcely distinct from hinge-line, straight :
dorsal valye more convex than the opposite, most elevated be-
tween the middle and the beak, from which a distinct. narrow
depression extends towards the front; beak more prominent
than the opposite, obtuse, incurved : hinge-line straight, nearly
equalling the greatest width of the shell; area large, plane;
foramen apparently closed. Surface marked by coarse radiating
strie, which increase by implantation and bifurcation : several
of those on the mesial elevation of the ventral valve appear to
coalesce along the centre, before reaching the beak. In well
preserved specimens, strong concentric strie are visible in the
depressions between the radiating strie. Shell marked by a few
strong concentric undulations of growth.
Resembles very nearly O. fascéata of the Niagara group.
ORTHIS MUSCULOSA (0. 8.).
Pal! N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 91, f.1-3.
Suet suborbicular, the length about nine-tenths as great as the
width : ventral valve depressed-convex, sometimes slightly
concave near the front; beak prominent, equalling or extending
a little beyond that of the opposite valve, pointed and slightly
incurved : dorsal valve regularly and distinctly convex, most
elevated in the central region, sometimes a little depressed to-
wards the front; beak prominent, triangular, pointed and in-
curved ; cardinal teeth and process strong; hinge extremely
short; area triangular, scarcely extending beyond the foramen ;
foramen large, partly occupied by the prominent cardinal pro-
cess of the other valve, visceral impression large, fan-shaped,
and strong. Surface marked by fine, distinct, radiating strie,
those nearest the cardinal margin being curved outwards from
the beak; concentrically marked by obscure lines of growth.
No. 109] 47
This species bears a general resemblance to O. oblata of the Delthyris
shale ; but it attains a larger size, is more ventricose, and never so dis-
tinctly resupinate. The beaks are more prominent and incurved, that of
the dorsal va!ve curving beyond the hinge-line. The cardinal views of the
two species also differ : the hinge-line of the present species arches up-
wards on each side of the beaks, while in the other it is straight. The area
is also higher in the Oriskany species than in that from the Shaly limestone.
In the Oriskany sandstone of New-York, this species usually occurs in
the form of casts. I have obtained fine specimens of the fossil entire, and
of the separate valves, from Cumberland, Md.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Albany and
Schoharie counties ; Cumberland ( Md.), ete.
LEPTHNA CONCAVA (1-8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.18, f.2.
SHELL concayo-convex, hemispherical : ventral valve regularly
convex ; umbonial region prominent ; cardinal margin rounding
from the beak towards the lateral extremities : dorsal valve
deeply concave; hinge-line less than the greatest width of the
shell; area of ventral valve broad, that of dorsal valve linear ;
foramen triangular, nearly closed by a thick callosity. Surface
marked by very fine, close, radiating striz, each fifth or sixth
-. one alittle more prominent than those between ; crossed by fine
regular concentric wrinkles, producing a beautiful subeancellate
appearance.
Geological position and locality. In the shaly limestone of the Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
LEPTHNA NUCLEATA (0.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl-94, f.1.
Suet. semicircular : ventral valve extremely gibbous, abruptly
depressed or flattened towards the lateral extremities; beak
(internal cast ) very abruptly incurved, and divided by a cen-
tral groove (left by the mesial plate) which extends back nearly
to the centre of the valve : dorsal valve unknown ; hinge-line
48 | Sevate .
equal to the greatest width of the shell, terminating in minute
triangular extensions; area sublinear, incurved beyond the
plane of the valves. Surface unknown.
Internal casts of the ventral valve of this little shell are common in the
Oriskany sandstone; but no specimens have been met with, showing its
external characters, nor have any specimens of the dorsal valve yet been
recognized.
Geological position and locality. In the Oriskany sandstone, Albany
county.
STROPHOMENA WOOLWORTHANA (2. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 17, f.1.
Suet. semielliptical, often extremely elongate : ventral valve
concave towards the front and flat on the latere] margins, de-
pressed convex near the beak ; beak small, and scarcely rising
above the edge of the valve : dorsal valve convex, most elevated
near the front, and flattened near the umbo; beak not project-
ing : hinge-line straight, equal to the greatest width of the shell;
area linear, conspicuous, partly common to both valves ; foramen
broadly triangular, partly or entirely closed. Surface finely
striated ; striz rounded, crowded, simple, increasing by im-
plantation ; concentrically crossed by closely arranged striz
and a few distant lines of growth.
This species approaches in character to Strophomene ( Leptena ) sub
plana ( Paleontology of New-York, Vol. ii, pl. 53, f.8, 9& 10); but »
_ the shell is more robust, and the striz more round and stronger than in
that shell.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
tj
Ly
Y
Uf
D
trite
STROPHOMENA WOOLWORTHANA.
No. 109.] 49
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) HEADLEYANA (2. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 20, f.1 & 2.
Suety nearly semicircular, about three-fourths as long as broad :
ventral valve very concave especially near the front, sometimes
depressed-convex at the beak ; beak scarcely distinct from the
margins of the area : dorsal valve depressed at the umbo, and
very convex towards the front ; beak not extending beyond the
cardinal margin : hinge-line equalling the greatest width of the
shell, crenulated; area somewhat wide, and marked by trans-
verse striz produced by the continuation of the crenulations
from the hinge-line across its surface ; foramen narrow, closed.
Surface marked by coarse, sharply elevated strize, which increase
chiefly by implantation, and present a peculiar irregularly
waved appearance.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
STROPHOMENA HEADLEYANA.
| Senate No. 109.] 4
50 ‘ | Senare
STROPHOMENA RADIATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iti, pl.21, £8 & 9.
Strophomena radiata, Vanuxem, Report Third District N.Y., p, 122, f. 6.
SueLt nearly semicircular, about three-fourths as long as wide :
ventral valve flat or subconcave, except near the umbo, where
it is depressed-convex ; beak rising a little above the line of the
cardinal margin : dorsal valve flat, or slightly concave near the
beak and towards the extremities, very gibbous in the middle
and towards the front; beak not elevated above the cardinal
margin; hinge-line equalling the greatest width of the shell,
apparently not crenulated. Surface marked by distinct radiating
striee, which increase by implantation and bifurcation, crossed
by fine concentric striz : interior indistinctly granulose.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
oe
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) PUNCTULIFERA.
Pal, N.Y. Vol.iii, pl. 21, f.4.
Strophomena punctulifera, ConRAD : Vanuxem’s Report on the Third Geological
District N.Y., p. 122, f. 5.
Suet subsemicircular, about four-fifths as long as wide : ventral
valve concave; beak not projecting beyond the hinge : dorsal
valve concave near the umbo, very convex near the middle ;
beak not elevated above the cardinal margin; sides somewhat
No. 109. ] 51
contracted below the extremities of the hinge; hinge -line
straight, nearly or quite equalling the greatest width of the
shell, finely crenulated. Surface marked by distinct bifurcating
striz : interior granulose; cast punctate.
This species is nearly related to the last, but differs in the crenulated
hinge-line, and in having the internal surface more distinctly granulose ;
in consequence of which, the surface of casts always presents a punctate
aspect, from which it has received its name.
Geological posztion and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany, Schoharie, Herkimer and Oneida counties.
STROPHOMENA PUNCTULIFERA.
[Eo
STROPHOMENA (‘STROPHODONTA) CAVUMBONA (2. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 21, f.1-3.
SHELL subsemicircular, from two- to four-fifths as long as wide,
usually contracted below the extremities of the hinge-line ;
cardinal border sloping a little from the beaks, nearly or quite
equalling the greatest width of the shell : ventral valve concave
in the umbonial region and near the hinge, very convex in the
middle and towards the front : dorsal valve flat or concave ;
beak very small, scarcely elevated above the cardinal margin :
hinge-line straight, crenulated ; area linear, partly common to
both valves, transversely striate on the ventral valve; foramen
small, narrow, closed. Surface marked by coarse irregular ra-
diating strize, which increase by implantation.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Columbia counties.
52 [ SENATE
STROPHOMENA ( STROPHODONTA) BECKI (N.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 22, f. la — 1t.
SHELL subsemicircular or subquadrate ; length sometimes equal to
the width (though usually from two-thirds to three-fourths as
great) : ventral valve depressed-convex ; beak very small :
dorsal valve flat or a little concave near the hinge, slightly
convex near the front : hinge-line crenulated, generally equal
to the greatest width of the shell, but sometimes less; area
linear, confined to the ventral valve; foramen small, open or
closed. Surface marked with fine, regular, closely arranged,
bifurcating, radiating strie, crossed by fine obscure concentric
lines, and small more or less regular concentric wrinkles which
curve outwards on approaching the hinge.
This species is very closely allied to Strophomena (Leptena) sowerbyz
of BARRANDE ( Sil. Brach. aus Bohmen, pl. 21, f. 1 & 2a, b,c, e); but
differs from those figures in being more coarsely striate, with the concentric
(ins
Jini)
STROPHOMENA SBEOKII.
No. 109.] 53
wrinkles stronger, especially near the beak : they are, also, generally more
curved outwards near the hinge. The lateral margins of our shell are like-
wise, in most specimens, more contracted below the extremities of the
hinge, than in the examples given by BARRANDE.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
|
STROPHOMENA ( STROPHODONTA) LEAVENWORTHANA (Nl. §.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.21, £.5 —7.
Suett subsemicircular, about three-fourths as long as wide, con-
tracted below the extremities of the hinge; cardinal border
sloping slightly from the beak : ventral valve flattened in the
middle and cardinal margin, so as to form a semicireular inclined
plane ascending from the hinge to beyond the middle of the
shell; the front and lateral margins abruptly inflected, giving
a deep concavity to the whole valve : dorsal valve flattened
or slightly concave in the umbonial and central regions, very
convex towards the front and lateral margins : hinge-line equal
to the greatest width of the shell, crenulated ; area linear, ver-
tically striated ; foramen small, triangular, closed in full-grown
individuals. Surface marked by fine, obscure, closely arranged,
radiating strize, crossed on the depressed part of the valves by
small regular concentric wrinkles.
This shell bears a general resemblance to Strophomena depressa. It
differs, however, remarkably from that species, in its resupinate character,
the convexity and concavity of the valves being in the opposite direction.
The area of the ventral valve is also wider than in that species, and the
cardinal margin is crenulated.
Geological position and locality. In the shaly limestone of the Lower
Helderberg, Albany county.
o4 | Senate
STROPHOMENA (‘STROPHODONTA) MAGNIVENTRA (Nl. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 92, £.3.
SHELL subsemicireular varying to longitudinally suboval, variable ;
length usually two-thirds the breadth, sometimes equal or
greater : ventral valve convex in the central and umbonial re-
gions, flattened towards the extremities ; beak slightly incurved ;
cardinal border sloping from the umbo : dorsal valve unknown,
probably concave : hinge-line crenulated, equal to the greatest
width of the shell, sometimes extended into mucronate points
beyond the lateral margins of the shell; area of ventral valve
very broad, slightly curved, distinctly marked by vertical strize
produced by the prolongation of the crenulations of the hinge;
foramen large, triangular, apparently mostly closed. Surface
marked by regular, rounded, slightly elevated, radiating strie :
interior scarcely granulose, strongly marked with a plicated
flabelliform muscular impression, covering nearly two-thirds of
its extent.
This species is recognized in the casts (its usual mode of occurrence in
the Oriskany sandstone) by the large and strongly marked vascular im-
pressions.
Geological position and locality. In the Oriskany sandstone in Albany
and Schoharie counties.
———
[EE
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) MAGNIFICA (N. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.93, f.4; and pl.95, f.1.
SHELL very large, transversely suboval, somewhat semicircular,
more or less rounded at the extremities of the hinge; length
and breadth sometimes equal : ventral valve depressed-convex
in the middle and umbonial regions, flattened near the lateral
extremities ; cardinal margin sloping slightly from the beak :
dorsal valve slightly concave; hinge-line crenulated, usually a
little less than the width of the shell; area broad, distinctly and
regularly marked with transverse strie produced by the pro-
No. 109.] 55
longations of the hinge crenulations ; foramen very narrow, not
closed. Surface marked by somewhat faint radiating strie, which
bifurcate regularly about two or three times at uniform distances
from the beak.
This species is remarkable for the large size to which it sometimes at-
tains ; a few individuals having been found measuring from 3% to 4 inches
in breadth, and from 3 to 33 inches in length : being perhaps the largest
brachiopod known in the rocks of this State.
Geological position and localzty. In the Oriskany sandstone, Albany
and Schoharie counties.
Ee)
—<\‘<<—_—
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) LINCKLANI (21. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 93, £.2 & 3; pl. 94, f.2.
SHELL subsemicircular, more than three-fourths as long as broad;
lateral margins usually contracted near the extremities of the
hinge-line : ventral valve convex in the central region and
towards the front, somewhat flattened laterally : dorsal valve
concave, deflected round the front and sides; hinge-line crenu-
lated, nearly or quite equal to the greatest width of the shell.
Surface marked by fine, closely arranged radiating strie, crossed
by obscure concentric lines of growth : interior granulose, and
more or less striate; visceral impressions strongly marked.
Both internal and external casts of the dorsal valve of this species are
quite abundant ; but no specimens of the ventral valve have yet been re-
cognized. Consequently its form and character can only be inferred from
those of the opposite valve.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Albany and
Schoharie counties.
——————
EE
STROPHOMENA DEPRESSA, var. VENTRICOSA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.94, f.3.
Suett transversely oblong, subsemicireular; length and breadth
sometimes nearly equal ; front often straight in the middle, and
parallel to the hinge-line : ventral valve extremely ventricose,
56 [ SenaTE
scarcely geniculate in front : dorsal valve forming an inclined
plane from the hinge towards the front, near which it is ab-
ruptly deflected, giving the valve a deep concavity : hinge-line
equal to the greatest width of the shell; lateral margins con-
tracted, so as to leave small auricular extensions at the extre-
mities of the cardinal border; area sublinear, longitudinally
striate : interior distinctly granulose ; muscular attachments
strongly marked.
Internal casts, with fragments of separate valves of this shell have been
seen : its general aspect is like that of Sirophomena depressa, though its
internal muscular attachments often deviate considerably from those of
well-marked specimens of that species. The ventral valve is also more re-
gularly arched and gibbous in outline than is usual in S. depressa; and
it has not the abrupt geniculation in front, so characteristic of that shell.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Albany county,
and Cumberland ( Md.).
CHONETES COMPLANATA (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 63, f. 1.
SHELL nearly semicircular, compressed? about two-thirds as long
as wide : ventral valve flat or concave : dorsal valve unknown;
tubular spines of the cardinal margin directed obliquely out-
wards. Surface marked by fine, closely arranged ( bifureating ?)
strie, which appear to have been crenulated by closely arranged
concentric strise. Some of the specimens show distant imbricating
concentric lines of growth : interior finely granulose; viscera,
impression large, uniform, not strongly marked.
All the specimens seen of this rare species consist of internal and ex-
ternal casts of the ventral valve, from which it is impossible to make out
a complete diagnosis. The few remaining impressions of the row of tubular
spines along the cardinal margin are barely sufficient to show the presence
of these appendages, without clearly indicating their number, leneth, cur-
vature, etc. It may be recognized by its extreme flatness, finely striated
surface, a few distant laminze of growth, and great proportional width.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone of Albany and
Schoharie counties.
No. 109.] BT
SPIRIFER VENTRICOSA (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol.iii, pl.14, £.1.
SHett globose ; valves almost equally convex : ventral valve
having a narrow sinus extending down the centre from beak to
base ; beak projecting above the other, strongly incurved and
pointed (in many specimens the beaks are nearly equal ) :
dorsal valve having a central depressed line, but less conspicuous
than in the opposite valve; area very small, concave ; surface
marked by concentric lines of growth.
This species resembles Spirifer pisum of the Niagara group; but the
form is slightly more extended, the beak of the ventral valve more elevated
and incurved, and the area more distinct.
Geological postition and locality. Lower Heldcrberg limestone, Albany
county.
SPIRIFER VENTRICOSA.
SPIRIFER PERLAMELLOSA (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 26, f. 1.
Spirifer rugosa, HALL, in Catalogue.
SHELL trigonal or semicircular, more or less extended on the hinge-
line, the extremities varying from obtuse or rounded to extreme-
ly mucronate : ventral valve arcuate, the beak much extended
beyond the opposite valve, and incurved at the apex; sinus
deep, gradually expanding, and produced in front into a lingui-
form extension : dorsal valve convex towards the middle, the
mesial elevation very prominent, and the beak closely incurved
against the area, or partially closing the foramen of the ventral
valve ; area moderately wide, frequently much expanded, and
becoming linear towards the extremities where the shell is much
58 | SENATE
extended. Surface marked by from four to six strong and ab-
ruptly elevated plications on each side of the mesial sinus and
elevation, concentrically marked by strong imbricating lamelle,
which are abruptly arched in passing over the plications, giving
an extreme roughness to the surface. In well preserved speci-
mens, finer longitudinal lines mark the surface of these lamelle :
in ordinary specimens, the concentric lamelle are more closely
arranged and more distinctly imbricate towards the margin;
while near the beaks they are more distant, and are scarcely
imbricate.
Geological position and locality. Lower Helderberg limestone, Albany
county.
SPIRIFER PERLAMELLOSA.
SPIRIFER CYCLOPTERA (1. 6.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 25, f. 1.
SHELL semicircular; extremities of the hinge-line more or less
symmetrically rounded : ventral valve gibbous; beak mode-
rately elevated, more or less incurved ; sinus moderately deep,
curved on the sides, and nearly flat in the middle : dorsal valve
very convex towards the middle, the mesial fold abruptly
elevated and very prominent; beak little elevated above the
hinge-line, and scarcely incurved ; area moderate, scarcely
extending to the extremity of the hinge-line; foramen large.
Shell marked by five to seven rounded plications on each side
of the mesial line, concentrically marked by fine close imbri-
No. 109.] 59
cating lamellose strie, which are more or less prominent, de-
pending on the condition of preservation in the shell : surface
of lamelle ornamented by short fine vertical strie or crenula-
tions, which project in fimbriz on the edge of the lamelle.
This species resembles in its surface characters the Spzrifer crispus of
the Niagara group, but is much larger, has a greater number of plications
and a narrower and longer area, while the valves are more nearly equal in
size.
Geological postion and locality. Lower Helderberg limestones, Albany
county.
——sa
SPIRIFER MULTISTRIATUS (U. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 24, f. 3.
SHELL transversely oval, or pentagonal with the angles rounded :
ventral valve moderately convex towards the beak, with a broad
(not sharply defined ) sinus below, which often becomes obsolete
before reaching the beak ; beak abruptly incurved over the beak
of the opposite valve : dorsal valve more convex than the op-
posite, the middle elevated in a broad scarcely defined lobe ;
2,
SPIRIFER MULTISTRIATUS.
60 [ SENATE
beak closely incurved : hinge-line slightly declining on each
side of the centre, and rounded at the extremities; area narrow,
strongly striated longitudinally. Surface marked by numerous
fine strie which bifurcate once or oftener between the beak and
base of the shell, concentrically crossed by imbricating lamelle.
The species is distinguished by its rounded extremities and numerous
fine striee, which bifurcate or increase by interstitial addition, chiefly near
the middle of the shell, but often near the beak and base. A few of the
strie (six or eight) near the beaks are much stronger than the others.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
SPIRIFER ? PERFORATUS (N.. s.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 27.
SHELL somewhat semicircular, with the hinge extremities rounded ;
hinge-line slightly curved ; area very small : ventral and dorsal
valves nearly equally convex ; beak of the ventral valve slight-
ly incurved and perforate at the extremity ; dorsal valve with
the beak strongly ineurved, and filling the foramen of the op- |
posite valve. Entire surface marked by sharp radiating strie,
which bifurcate once or twice before reaching the base, so as to
present fascicles of two or three on the centre of the shell.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county and Hudson.
SPIRIFER CONCINNA (0. §&.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 25, f. 2.
SHELL semicircular or semielliptical ; extremities rounded ; valves
almost equally convex : ventral valve gibbous towards the
beak ; beak more or less elevated above the hinge-line, and
abruptly incurved at the apex; mesial sinus subangular, and
produced into an angular extension which is much elevated, and
sometimes slightly incurved infront : dorsal valve very convex
oo
‘
No. 109.] 61
in the centre ; beak scarcely incurved ; mesial elevation obtuse-
ly angular ; hinge-line equal to or a little less than the width
of the shell; area of medium size, well defined, and extending
to the extremities of the hinge-line. Surface marked by from
twelve to fourteen rounded, little elevated, simple coste on each
side of the lobe and mesial sinus; concentrically marked by
imbricating lamelle, which are striated upon their surfaces and
granular on the edges.
In many specimens there are faint indications of a fold on each side of
the mesial sinus, and of several upon the corresponding mesial elevation :
this character, however, is not constant in the specimens examined.
Geological position and locality. In the Shaly and Upper Pentamerus
limestones of the Lower Helderberg group in Albany and Schoharie coun-
ties, Hudson, ete.
SPIRIFER CONCINNA.
el
SPIRIFER MODESTA (N..§.).
PaleNGYs) Violas spls 255 fale
SuHett small, subglobose : ventral valve very gibbous near the
middle and towards the beak, having a shallow undefined sinus
extending from the beak to the front : dorsal valve depressed-
convex, semicircular or subtriangular ; extremities rounded,
sometimes an undefined elevation down the middle; beak
scarcely extending above the hinge-line, not incurved ; hinge-
line very short and rounded at the extremities; area triangular,
faintly defined, less than the width of the shell, arcuate ; foramen
62 | SENATE
moderate, narrow triangular. Surlace marked by faint concentric
lines of growth.
This species resembles somewhat S. ventricosa of the Lower Helderberg
shaly limestone, but has a much higher area. It still more resembles S.
lineatus of the Carboniferous system, but differs in its surface markings
and its narrower foramen.
Geological position and locality. Limestones of the Lower Helderberg
group, Cumberland ( Md.).
SPIRIFER OCTOCOSTATA (0. 8.).
Pol. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 28, f.2.
SHELL subglobose ; valves nearly equally convex : ventral valve
most elevated near the beak; sinus extending nearly to the
apex ; beak slightly incurved : dorsal valve most convex in the
middle; mesial elevation not prominent; beak rising little
above the hinge-line, slightly incurved ; hinge-line less than the
width of the shell, rounded at the extremities; area triangular,
faintly defined, somewhat arcuate ; foramen very narrow. Sur-
face having about four rounded, slightly prominent folds on each
side of the mesial sinus and elevation; concentrically marked
by fine, regular, closely arranged striz.
This species resembles S. crzspus of the Niagara group, but is more
globose in form, has a much shorter area, more rounded extremities, and
less strongly marked plications. It appears to be intermediate between that
species and S. bzcostatus of the same group, but may be readily distin-
guished from either.
Geological position and locality. Limestones of the Lower Helderberg
group, Cumberland ( Md.).
SPIRIFER SUBMUCRONATUS (2. $-).
Pal. N.Y. Vol.iii, pl. 100, f. 3.
SHELL semicircular, with the extremities mucronate ; valves equal-
ly and moderately convex : ventral valve regularly convex at
No. 109.] 63
the lateral extremities; beak little elevated and scarcely in-
curved; mesial sinus shallow, and flat in the middle : dorsal
valve depressed-convex in the middle and flattened laterally,
often a little concave towards the extremities ; mesial fold dis-
tinctly defined, equal in width to the two adjoining coste, some-
what flattened in the centre; beak little elevated above the
hinge-line, and scarcely incurved; area moderate; foramen
somewhat large, often partially closed. Surface marked by ten
to fourteen simple rounded and moderately elevated coste ;
concentrically marked by imbricating lamellae, which are usual-
ly almost obsolete or obliterated when the shell is silicified.
This differs from the preceding species in being a smaller and more
delicate shell, with the extremities more distinctly mucronate. The surface
is less strongly marked with concentric lamelle.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Cumberland, Md.
SPIRIFER CUMBERLANDIE (Na. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol.iii, pl. 100, £.4.
Suey broadly semicircular; valves moderately and nearly equally
convex : ventral valve regularly convex ; mesial sinus narrow,
shallow, and fiat in the middle; beak gently incurved, and
projecting slightly beyond the hinge-line : dorsal valve having
a narrow flattened mesial fold, with a faint depression down the
centre ; beak scarcely incurved, and nearly in the same plane
with the cardinal margin ; hinge-line straight ; extremities ex-
tended ; area broad, nearly flat, parallel with the axis of the
shell; foramen somewhat large, often partially or entirely closed.
Surface marked by from fourteen to seventeen simple rounded
cost, which are crossed by concentric elevated lines or lamelle.
In general form, this shell resembles S. mucronatus, but is conspicuous-
ly distinct in its wider area. It is usually broader, with the mesial sinus
and elevation narrower.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Cumberland, Md,
64 [ SenaTE
CYRTIA DALMANI.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 24, f. 2.
Suett trigonal ; valves extremely unequal : ventral valve tri-
angularly pyramidal : dorsal valve semicircular; mesial lobe
flat, or with a slightly depressed line; beak scarcely defined,
or rising above the hinge-line; hinge-line straight; area tri-
angular, flat or slightly arcuate ; foramen narrow, linear, usually
closed in the lower part, with a semitubular opening above ;
concentric lamelle strong, and often very conspicuous near the
margin. Surface granulose-punctate.
This species differs from the Cyrtza (Spirifer) pyramidalis of the Nia-
gara group; having the dorsal valve more uniformly convex, the mesial
fold broader and more prominent ; while the depressions are not so deep,
the mesial sinus is broader, the plications bounding it are less conspicuous,
and the concentric imbricating lamelle are stronger in the species under
consideration than in the Niagara species.
I have heretofore referred this species, with doubt, to the C. heteroclitus
of Hurope; for among the variety of forms referred to this species, it is
difficult to know the typical one. It differs, however, from the Hifel species
of that name.
Geological position and locality. Limestones of the Lower Helderberg
group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
CYRTIA ROSTRATA (N. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 100, f.5.
Suet. semicircular or triangular : ventral valve much elevated
at the beak, a distinct sinus extending from beak to front ; beak
simple, angular, not incurved : dorsal valve depressed-convex,
semicircular; mesial fold moderately elevated, slightly flattened
and marked with a faint longitudinal depressed line; beak
scarcely elevated above the cardinal margin ; hinge-line straight,
equalling the greatest width of the shell ; area broad triangular,
plane, or rarely subarcuate ; foramen narrow, extending to the
apex of the beak of the ventral valve, partly closed above by a
central plate. Surface marked by nine to eleven elevated an-
gular cost on each side of the middle, crossed by strong im-
bricating concentric lamelle.
No. 109.] 65
Resembles Spzrifer heteroclitus of Von Bucu, but has more plications
and a wider foramen, which appears to be never quite closed as in that
species. The area is also generally less extremely elevated in our shell.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Cumberland, Md.
a
RHYNCHONELLA SEMIPLICATA (1. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 29, £.1.
Seti (in the young state) compressed-ovate, becoming more
gibbous and subtriangular : valves nearly equal; ventral valve
slightly more gibbous, most prominent in the middle, and having
towards the front a more or less defined mesial sinus, in which
there are from one to two plications, while from one to three
lateral plications occupy the space on each side of the sinus ;
beak closely incurved over tbat of the opposite valve : dorsal
valve depressed-convex, having from two to four rounded pli-
cations on each side of the medial fold, which is itself bifid or
trifid ; plications strongly marked in front,and usually becoming
obsolete near the middle of the valve. Surface having traces of
extremely fine radiating striz, crossed by concentric undulations
of growth.
_ Geological position and locality. Pentamerus limestone of the Lowe
Helderberg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
RHAYNCHONELLA SEMIPLICGATA.
[ Senate No. 109.] 5
66. [ Senate
RHYNCHONELLA ZEQUIVALVIS (N..8.).
Pak N-Yis Volk: iii, pl.i29, £20 yh yan) ;
SHELL ovate, somewhat compressed ; sides sloping from the beaks
at a little less than a right angle; front semicircular; valves f
nearly equally convex : ventral valve having sometimes towards i
the front a broad very faint depression or sinus; beak pointed
and incurved. Surface ornamented by twenty-eight to thirty-
two simple rounded plications, broader than the depressions
between. On the dorsal valve the central depression is a little
deeper than the others, extending quite up to the beak : fine
concentric lines, which arch a little upwards, cross the plications.
This species may be compared with Terebratula haidingeré of BaR-
RANDE, to some varieties of whieh it bears considerable resemblance : it
is, however, generally less gibbous, and the beak of the ventral valve is
much less prominent. The concentric undulations, marking the stages of
growth, are likewise more faint than in BARRANDE’S species.
Geological position and locality. Pentamerus limestone of the Lower
Helderberg group, Albany county.
RHYNCHONELLA MUTABILIS (0. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.29, f.4; and pl. 30, 1&2.
SHELL varying from ovate to spherical : ventral valve sometimes
depressed, generally most convex in the umbonial region; beak
small, pointed, closely incurved over that of the opposite valve :
dorsal valve gibbous ; beak incurved beyond the hinge-line ;
cardinal border on each side of the beak, concave. Surface
marked by twenty to twenty-six depressed, rounded, simple
plications, of which about six or eight are slightly raised to-
wards the front of the dorsal valve into an indistinct mesial
elevation ; and five or six depressed near the front of the ven-
tral valve, and extended into a’short linguiform prolongation,
fitting into a corresponding depression in the front of the oppo-
site valve.
The plications on this shell are generally simple, though in a few spe- |
cimens one or two of them are seen to bifurcate. The surface of perfect
a
No. 109.] | 67
specimens woull probably show fine concentric lines; but those hitherto
found, have such markings only near the margins of the valves. As is usual
in this type of Rhynchonella, there is on each side of the plications on the
front of the shell a faint longitudinal impressed line.
In forrh and general aspect this species varies greatly, being sometimes
longitudinally ovate or oblong, in others globose to subpentagonal. The
extremes of these varieties, without the intermediate forms, would appear
to present well-marked specific differences ; but a careful study of the
series shows such an imperceptible gradation of form as to leave little doubt
of their identity. |
Geological position and locality. Pentamerus limestone of the Lower
Helderberg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
RHYNCHONELLA MUTABILIS.
68 ‘[Sevare
RHYNCHONELLA NUCLEOLATA (N.S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 31, f.1 & 2.
SHELL varying from spherical to spheroid- pentagonal or sub-
pentagonal : ventral valve convex or depressed-convex, abruptly
deflected towards the margins; beak small, depressed, closely
incurved over that of the opposite valve, often subangular on
its lateral margins : dorsal valve larger, sometimes very gib-
bous, often a little depressed towards the beak; beak never
prominent. Surface marked by fifteen to twenty-three simple
rounded plications, about four or five of which are slightly
elevated towards the front of the dorsal valve into a mesial
prominence, and three to five depressed on the ventral valve, so
as to form a more or less distinct sinus, which never extends
above the middle of the shell. These depressed plications are
prolonged in front into a more or less distinct linguiform ex-
tension fitting into a corresponding sinus in the front of the
opposite valve, and sometimes curved inwards beyond the plane
of a right angle with the back of the valve.
This species is perhaps more nearly related to Rhynchonella (Terebra-
" tula) wilsoni, than any other species in the rocks of New-York. Indeed
the analogy between this one and some of the forms referred to that species
is so great, that until the limits of the variation to which it is subject are
better defined, it is scarcely possible to point out characters by which they
can always be distinguished.
The species under consideration differs from authentic specimens of R.
wilsoni, from Dudley, England, in being uniformly more coarsely plicated,
and usually more angular in outline. When compared with specimens of the
same species from Bohemia, these differences are not so conspicuous.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
—j
RAYNCHONELLA ABRUPTA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol iii, pl. 31, f.3.
SHELL transversely oval, sabpentagonal : ventral valve depressed-
convex, very abruptly deflected towards the opposite valve on
the lateral margins; beak small, depressed on the outside and
0. 109 J 69
subangular along its lateral slopes, closely incurved over that
of the opposite valve : dorsal valve much the larger, very
prominent in front, obliquely declining towards the beak ; beak
depressed, incurved. Surface ornamented by from twenty-five
to thirty-three simple subangular plications, seven or eight of
which are elevated towards the front of the dorsal valve into a
somewhat distinct mesial prominence; and from six to eight of
those on the middle of the ventral valve are depressed so as to
form a broad undefined sinus, which scarcely extends beyond
the centre of the valve towards the beak, but is prolonged in
front, and abruptly bent upwards nearly at right angles to the
dorsal valve into a distinct linguiform extension. The plications
are marked in front by the usual longitudinal depressed line
along the centre of each, and extremely fine regular zigzag lines
corresponding to the sharp interlocking edges of the front and
lateral margins of the valves. These fine striz doubtless re-
present lines of growth, which have become wholly obsolete on
other parts of the shell.
In this species the two plications bounding the sinus of the ventral valve,
and the mesial elevation of the dorsal, sometimes bifurcate towards the
beak or middle of the valves, one becoming obsolete on the front.
It resembles some of the Bohemian forms which are considered varieties
1: RHYNCHONELLA ABRUPTA. 2,3: RHYNCHONELLA VELLICATA.
70 [ Seat
of R. wilsoni, but is a larger and relatively broader shell, the mesial ele-
vation is more distinct, and the general form is less rotund. It is possible
that more extensive collections may prove this species to be an extreme
variety of the preceding.
Geological position und locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
RHYNCHONELLA PYRAMIDATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.32, f.1 & 2.
SHELL pyramidal, subpentagonal ; outline subtriangular : ventral
valve nearly flat or depressed-convex, more or less abruptly
deflected at the margins towards the cther valve ; beak promi-
nent, flattened, and closely incurved over that of the opposite
valve : dorsal valve very gibbous, declining from near the front
towards the beak; beak angular, incurved, flattened : lateral
slopes with a distinctly impressed suboval space beneath the
beaks, which is bounded by an angular fold extending from the
beak downwards to the valves at the first strong plication.
Surface marked by from thirteen to twenty-two simple strong
subangular plications, four to six of which are more or less
elevated towards the front of the dorsal valve into a mesial pro-
minence, and three to five depressed on the ventral valve so as
to form a shallow sinus, and produced imwfront into a distinct
linguiform projection.
The plications on the front of this shell have but very faint traces of
the longitudinal depressed lines so common in this type of Rhynchonella,
though oceasionally remains of very fine closely arranged zigzag strie are
seen crossing them near the margins of the valves.
In some of its varieties, this species approaches the R. nucleolata ( pl.
31, f.1 & 2), but differs conspicuously in being usually larger, and in its
more angular outline and much stronger plications. The beaks are also more
prominent in this species, and the dorsa! valve is more extremely elevated
near the front : there are also differences in the visceral impressions.
No. 109.] 71
This species belongs to the type of R. wilsonz, and may be said to be
one step farther removed from that species than R.nucleolata; or,in other
words, bearing about the same relation to the latter species, which that
one does to R. wilsonz. Y
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
RAYNCHONELLA VELLICATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 33, f. lato A.
SHELL varying from transversely oval to subtriangular : ventral
valve depressed-convex ; beak somewhat prominent, depressed,
closely incurved over the opposite : dorsal valve more gibbous ;
beak incurved, not prominent. Surface marked by twenty-four
to thirty-six plications, six to eight of which are elevated in front
of the dorsal valve so as to form a rather distinct mesial promi-
nence, rarely extending beyond the middle of the valve. On the
ventral valve, five to seven of the plications are depressed, to-
wards the front, into a more or less distinctly defined sinus, and
prolonged, forming a mesial projection, which is more or less
elevated in the front of the other valve. Near the junction of
the valves in front, very fine closely arranged lines of growth
are visible. :
This shell approaches very nearly, in some of its characters, the Rhyn-
chonella abrupta : there are, indeed, some forms which it is difficult to
distinguish. In the well-characterized specimens of this species, it differs
from R. abrupta in its smaller and more numerous plications, and in being
proportionally less ventricose, as well as in the narrower and deeper sinus
of the ventral valve. The general aspect of the shells is usually quite dis-
tinctive.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
72 [ Senate.
RAYNCHONELLA ALTIPLICATA.
a Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 33, f.2.
SHELL subtrigonal, more or less gibbous : ventral valve depressed-
convex ; beak pointed, arched or nearly straight : dorsal valve
the larger, most elevated in the middle, declining with a curved
outline towards the beak and margins; beak incurved ; foramen
triangular, extending to the apex of the beak. Surface marked
by from ten to about nineteen simple, strongly elevated, sharply
angular plications on each valve; two to four of which are
elevated on the dorsal valve into a more or less distinct mesial
prominence extending nearly to the beak,and from one to three
depressed on the middle of the ventral valve into a distinct
sinus, which widens regularly and somewhat rapidly from near
; the beak to the front, where it is prolonged into a short projec-
. tion; filling a corresponding sinus in the front of the opposite
valve : shell traversed by fine concentric lines of growth.
% ‘Along the lateral slopes of the cardinal margin, on each side of the beaks,
there is generally an oval space of greater or less extent, not plicated. This,
although sometimes slightly concave, is never so distinctly impressed as
often in species of the type of R.wilsont.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
1, 2,3,4: R. auTIpiicata. 5,6: R. TRANSVERSA. 7; R. ACUTIPLICATA.
.,*
+.
No. 109.] 73
RHAHYNCHONELLA ACUTIPLICATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol.iii, pl. 33, £.3.
SHELL subquadrangular, compressed : ventral valve depressed-
convex, most prominent near the beak : dorsal valve slightly
larger than the ventral, most prominent in the middle, declining
with a gentle curve towards the beak and margins ; beak in-
curved. Surface ornamented by about twenty-seven simple,
moderately elevated, acutely angular or subcarinate plications
on each valve, about five of which are elevated on the dorsal
valve into a mesial prominence, which dies out before reaching
the beak, and widens rapidly towards the front. On the ventral
valve, four of the plications are depressed so as to form a broad
rather shallow mesial sinus, with sloping sides, extending about
two-thirds of the way to the beak. Shell marked by fine very
regular subimbricating concentric lines of growth.
A distinguishing feature of this species is the sharply angular or sub- .
earinate plications : in this character, however, it approaches the last
described species; but its general form is much more compressed, pro-
portionally more elongate, with more numerous and finer plications.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group.
RAYNCHONELLA? BIALVEATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 33, f-1, 2,3 & 4.
SHEtt small, triangular or triangular-ovate, sometimes compressed :
valves nearly equally convex; beak of dorsal valve incurved ;
beak of ventral valve almost straight and subangular; foramen
narrow triangular, and continued to the apex of the beak.
Surface ornamented by from twelve to fourteen simple angular
plications on each valve ; the two central of which, on the
dorsal valve, die out a little before reaching the beak, near
which they are somewhat depressed, but towards the front they
become slightly elevated above the others, so as to form an in-
distinct mesial prominence : the middle plication on the ventral
valve is smaller than the others, and depressed near the front
va - [Szxate
so as to produce a faint sinus, which extends about two-thirds ©
of the way to the beak, at which point the valve is most convex :
the two plications bordering the sinus are larger and more pro-
minent than those on each side of them, and become obsolete
before reaching the beak. A few faint imbricating lines of growth
are visible near the junction of the valves in front.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany ‘county.
RHYNCHONELLA INUTILIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 34, £.7 & 8.
Suet subtriangular, subglobose; beak of ventral valve small,
closely curved upon the opposite : dorsal valve a little larger ;
beak incurved. Surface ornamented by eighteen or nineteen
simple sharply elevated plications, about four or five of which
are elevated on the dorsal valve so as to form a more or less
distinct mesial fold, which extends to about the middle of the
valve ; while three or four of those on the middle of the ventral |
valve are depressed towards the front into a sinus, which is faint
and broad in some specimens, and narrow and more distinctly
defined in others. A few strong imbricating zigzag lines of
growth near the margins of the valves.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
ee)
RHAYNCHONELLA TRANSVERSA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 34, f.9-14.
SHELL subtriangular, wider than long, tapering abruptly to the.
beak : ventral valve depressed-convex, most prominent near the
the beak ; beak arched : dorsal valve a little larger, most ele-
vated near the front ; beak incurved ; foramen narrow, continued
up to the apex of the beak. Surface ornamented by about four-
teen or fifteen sharply elevated plications on each valve, of
Se ee
ay:
No. 109.] 715
which from three to four are elevated near the front into a rather
faint mesial fold, and from two to three depressed on the ventral
valve so as to form a faint sinus in the front. Somewhat strong
zigzag lines of growth mark the surface of the valves near the
margin in front.
There is another shell associated with the above, which agrees so very
nearly with it, that I am unwilling, without a better series of specimens
for comparison, to regard as distinct, though it differs’ somewhat in the.
number of plications ( See f. 17 — 19, same plate).
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
RHYNCHONELLA RUDIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 34, f. 21.
SHeEty triangular, wider than long; lateral margins abruptly ta-
pering to the beak : ventral valve much depressed or flattened ;
beak unknown : dorsal valve the larger, most elevated in front,
declining towards the beak, which is slightly incurved. Surface
marked by about ten rather distant plications on each valve,
three of which are elevated near the front of the dorsal valve
into a prominent mesial fold, and three depressed in the front
of the other valve.
The surface of this shell was doubtless marked by concentric strize ; but
the only specimen I have seen is not sufficiently well preserved to retain
them. ;
Geological position and locality. Upper calcareous part of the Shaly
limestone of the Lower Helderberg group, Hudson.
RAYNCHONELLA PLANOCONVEXA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 34, f.2.
Suext subcircular or transversely oval : ventral valve depressed-
- convex, most prominent near the beak : dorsal valve larger,
regularly convex. Surface marked by about twenty-four sharply
ahs, geile stables
716 [Senate
elevated bifurcating plications on each valve, about six of which
are very slightly elevated near the front of the dorsal valve, so
as to form a broad flat indistinct mesial prominence, correspon-
ding to a faint shallow sinus in the opposite valve.
A single imperfect specimen only of this species has come under my
observation. The regularly arched dorsal valve, ( very slightly elevated )
flattened mesial fold,-depressed ventral valve, and bifurcating striz will
probably serve to distinguish it from all the allied forms found in our rocks.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
RAYNCHONELLA SULCOPLICATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl, 35,, fl.
SHELL subtriangular, wider than long, compressed : valves nearly
equal; beak of the ventral valve prominent, attenuated, acutely
pointed and arched ; beak of the dorsal valve incurved. Surface
marked by about sixteen simple longitudinally grooved plica-
tions, four of which are'very faintly elevated towards the front
of the dorsal valve, forming an indistinct mesial-fold, corre-
sponding to a sinus in the opposite valve which is occupied by
three plications.
A marked peculiarity of this species is the longitudinal groove along the
centre of each of the plications. Of the four plications elevated on the
dorsal valve, the two central ones are less prominent than the others, and
| separated by a deeper and wider depression which continues quite to the
apex of the beak.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
RHYNCHONELLA FORMOSA.
Pal. NeWi Vols iiiy pl.35) 26.
SHELL subtriangular or transversely oval; lateral margins forming
an angle at the beak of about 90° to 110°: ventral valve some-
No. 109.] 77
what more depressed than the opposite ; beak prominent, arched,
not strongly incurved : dorsal valve larger, declining with a
gentle curve towards the margins; beak incurved. Surface
marked by twenty to twenty-four simple angular plications on
each valve, from two to four of which in the middle are coarser
and depressed in the ventral, having a corresponding number
abruptly elevated upon the dorsal valve.
This handsome species may be recognized by the neatly rounded outline
of the latero-basal margins, the abrupt sinus, and the stronger central
plications.
A single specimen from the same position as the above, shows a less
distinctly defined sinus and mesial elevation, with five plications on the
latter and four in the former, and only six on each side. I am disposed to
regard this as only a variety of the above, though future collections may
prove it to be distinct. Figure 2 a, b, c and d of the same plate are given
to illustrate this form. Figures 3 and 4 a, d, c, d, e, f, of the same plate,
illustrate specimens with from two to four plications on the mesial eleva-
tion, and from four to six on each side. ,
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, and the Upper Pentamerus limestone of Albany and Schoharie
counties.
RHYNCHONELLA FORMOSA.
aS ([Senare
RHYNCHONELLA EMINENS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 37, £.2.
SHELL abruptly ovoid or depressed subglobose : dorsal valve the
larger, elevated near the front into a flattened mesial prominence,
from which it declines gently towards the beak and more ab-
ruptly towards the lateral margins, which are deflected towards
the opposite valve; beak incurved : ventral valve flattened,
very abruptly defiected at the margins towards the opposite
valve, having a broad well defined sinus reaching from near the
middle to the front, which is prolonged into a linguiform ex-
tension. Surface marked by about twenty-six rounded or searce-
ly subangular plications, about six of which are on the mesial
fold and five in the opposite sinus; the whole crossed by fine
undulating or zigzag lines of growth near the front of the valves.
Sometimes the plications bounding each side of the mesial fold in this
species bifurcate, and one of them becomes obsolete before reaching the
front, as in R. abrupta and R. vellicata. From both of these species, it
may be distinguished by its more rounded plications and more prominent
mesial fold.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, Albany county.
RHYNCHONELLA VENTRICOSA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 43, f. 1.
Suet varying from spheroidal to vertically ovoid, extremely
ventricose ; depth of the valves often nearly double that of the
breadth; valves nearly equal : dorsal valve sometimes a little
depressed in the umbonial region; beak incurved ; cardinal
region on each side of the beak elevated : ventral valve having
a long linguiform extension; beak rather small and obtuse,
closely incurved upon the opposite, subangular along its lateral
slopes. Surface marked by fourteen to twenty rounded plica-
tions, three or four of which are sometimes very slightly elevated
1
|
,
|
:
%
‘
= ee
on the middle of the dorsal valve, so as to form an extremely
obscure mesial fold, and two or three as much depressed on
the ventral valve : plications on the front marked with a
longitudinal depressed line, and remains of much finer closely
arranged zigzag lines of growth.
This species belongs to the type of R. wilsoni, and is one of those forms
which are often referred to that species. In some of its varieties it resem-
bles A. pyramidata, but is more angufar on the sides, and never so ab-
ruptly sloping to the beaks. In some of its phases it more nearly resembles
the R. nucleolata in form, but the plications are stronger.
Among many hundreds of individuals of the preceding species collected
from the Shaly limestone, I have not seen one of this species, and it ap-
pears to be restricted to a bed in the upper part of the group.
Geological position and locality. Upper Pentamerus limestone of the
Lower Helderberg group, Schoharie and Carlisle.
RHYNCHONELLA VENTRICOSA.
RHYNCHONELLA CAMPBELLANA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 43, f.2.
SHety longitudinally oval, ovate or oblong, laterally compressed,
two-thirds as broad as long, length and height about equal :
dorsal valve the larger, elevated near the front into a broad
80 [ Senate
undefined mesial fold, declining near the beak and curving down
abruptly at the sides; beak incurved : ventral valve compressed,
abruptly deflected towards the opposite valve at the lateral
margins, depressed into a broad rounded sinus which occupies
almost the entire breadth of the narrow front; front margin
curving upward, and extended into a triangular prolongation.
Surface marked by twenty-two or twenty-four simple rounded ;
subangular plications, five ®r six of which are elevated on the }
mesial fold, and four or five occupy the sinus of the ventral 4
valve. Fine zigzag lines of growth are seen on the front of the
shell, near the junction of the valves. |
i]
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, and in the succeeding ‘‘Scutella limestone’ of the same
group, Albany county. '
|
|
RHYNCHONELLA NOBILIS. :
, 2
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 43, f.3.
SuELt varying from compressed-ovate to subrhomboidal, becoming
in adult specimens broad-ovate and much more gibbous : dorsal
valve the larger, elevated in front into a somewhat rounded
mesial prominence which rarely extends beyond the middle of
the shell, declining laterally with an abrupt curve to meet the
inflected edges of the opposite valve ; beak incurved : ventral
valve depressed, (in old specimens) abruptly deflected at the
margins towards the opposite valve, depressed towards the front
into a shallow rounded mesial sinus, sometimes prolonged into
a vertical extension with nearly parallel sides; beak small, not
prominent, incurved. Surface marked by twenty six to thirty-
two elevated angular plications, six to eight of which are ele-
vated on the mesial fold of the dorsal valve, and five to seven
depressed in the sinus of the other valve. Fine closely arranged
zigzag lines of growth may be seen near the margins of the
valves in front.
This species helds an intermediate position between KR. abrupta and R.
subcontracta : it is, however, always more elongated than the first, and
‘not. so much so as the latter. It also resembles Terebratula eucharis of
_ Barerannsz (Silur. Brach. aus Bémen, pl. 17, £. 2); but is more gibbous
in old specimens, and more elevated in front, as well as more finely pli-
_ cated. 3 .
Geological posztion and locality. Upper Pentamerus limestone, Albany
and Schoharie counties.
~
i; i SN
ahs
M
ins
\
he
9
i
RHYNCHONELLA NOBILIS.
|
RHYNCHONELLA’ SPECIOSA. ’
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 103 a, f.1.
Suext longitudinally ovoid, vertically flattened on the sides, higher
than wide, abruptly rounded or subtruneate in front; sides
nearly parallel ; no sinus in either valve : dorsal valve extreme-
ly elevated, abruptly deflected on each side towards the opposite
valve; beak incurved.; cardinal margin on each side of the beak ~
profoundly sinuate, for the reception of the prominent rounded
dental lamine of* the opposite valve ; anterior and lateral mar-
| Senate No. 109. | 6
82 | SENATE —
gins uniting by sharp prominent interlocking notches : ventral
valve flattened or much the less convex, forming a regular el-
liptical arch from beak to front, and abruptly deflected upwards
at the sides so as to form distinct angles along the lateral mar-
gins, the whole front forming a broad truncated projection ;
beak somewhat obtuse, incurved. Surface marked by strongly
elevated, subangular plications, eagh of which on the front and
sides of the shell has a fine depressed line along the centre,
crossed by fine regular concentric zigzag lines of growth.
This beautiful shell is remarkable for its regular ovoid form, and ver-
tically compressed sides. It differs from any other species of equal size
known to me, by the entire absence of a sinus in either valve. Adult spe-
cimens appear to have been generally higher than wide, though younger
individuals were doubtless more compressed. It is decidedly the most
beautiful Rhynchonella known to me in all our American formations.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Maryland.
\
ee)
Saat
RHYNCHONELLA BARRANDI.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 103, f.3-8.
Suett very large, ovoid or subglobose; full-grown specimens
higher than wide, vertically flattened on the sides : dorsal valve
very convex, often extremely elevated ; beak incurved; cardinal
border on each side of the beak profoundly sinuate, for the re-
ception of the thick, strongly projecting Jamine of the opposite
valve : ventral valve much the smaller, strongly arcuate lon-
gitudinally, having a broad shallow rounded sinus towards the
front, abruptly deflected upwards at the lateral margins which
are distinctly angular, prolonged in front into a subtriangular
vertical projection. Surface marked by forty to forty-six simple
(rarely bifurcating) strongly elevated [ angular? ] plications on
each valve.
This species, the largest of the genus known to me in the rocks of this
‘country, we have yet only met with in the condition of more or less dis-
torted internal casts. The large size, however, of the shell, together with
its form and the well-defined internal characters usually so strongly im-
‘No. 109.] 83
pressed upon the casts, will prevent it from being confounded with any
other species found in our rocks.
In many respects it resembles R. speciosa, which may be regarded as a
representative form in the Maryland rocks : it is, however, distinguished
from that shell by its larger size, its more elevated dorsal valve and re-
latively broader form, and its broad shallow rounded sinus near the front
of the ventral valve.
Geological postition and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Albany and Scho-
harie counties.
RHYNCHONEILL\ BARRANDI.
84 | SenaTs
;
RBYNCHONELLA BARRANDI.
RHYNCHONELLA PRINCIPALIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 106, f. 4.
SHELL Jarge, longitudinally ovate : dorsal valve unknown : ventral
valve depressed-convex, forming a low elliptical arch from beak
to front, most prominent along the middle, flattened or some-
what concave near the lateral margins which are abruptly de-
flected upwards towards the opposite valve; beak somewhat
prominent and moderately incurved ; front slightly concave,
but not distinctly sinuate. Surface ornamented by about eighty
regular rounded plications, which occasionally bifurcate, and
are crossed by indistinct lines of growth. |
This species is closely related to R. barrandz ; and having but a single
ventral valve, I cannot readily decide how far it may differ in its entire
characters. The casts of the preceding species are all proportionally broader
when not compressed, have a more distinct sinus in front, and fewer plica-
tions. With the knowledge at present possessed, this species may be con-
sidered as holding a place intermediate between the very well-marked R.
speciosa, and the equally well-marked R. barrandi.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Auburn ( N.Y.).
No. 109.] 85
R#HYNCHONELLA FITCHANA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 103, f. 1.
Susiu longitudinally oval or ovate : dorsal valve convex; beak
slightly incurved ; cardinal margin excavated on each side of
the beak for the reception of the broad dental lamin of the
other valve : ventral valve depressed-convex, most elevated in
the umbonial region, flattened towards the lateral margins and
depressed. in front, forming a faint broad and undefined sinus.
Surface crnamented by about seventy-five angular plications,
which occasionally bifurcate.
This species differs from the last, which it | nearly approaches in general
form, in being more distinctly sinuate, and in having sharper and less nu-
merous plications, while the beak is more pointed and less meurved.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Carlisle ( N.Y.).
|
RAYNCHONELLA MULTISTRIATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 102, £.5 (3n plate); and pl. 106, £3.
Suewu subcircular, transversely suboval-depressed : ventral valve
depressed-convex, most elevated in the umbonial region, flat-
tened. towards the lateral margins and slightly depressed in
front, forming a broad, very shallow, undefined sinus : dorsal
valve unknown. Surface marked by numerous fine regular bi-
furcating strize, which are well defined nearly to the apex of
the beak. oa |
This species may be distinguished from the foregoing by its transversely
oval form, and more numerous as well as much finer strize or plications.
Geological position and, losalety. Oriskany sandstone, Helderberg
mountains.
86 [SenaTE
RHYNCHONELLA OBLATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 102, f£. 2.
SHevx subcircular, somewhat compressed : dorsal valve the larger,
depressed-convex, declining with a gentle curve towards ithe
lateral margins, rising slightly in front into a broad round un-
defined mesial fold; beak somewhat incurved : ventral valve
much compressed, slightly convex in the umbonial region, de-
pressed into a broad shallow undefined sinus in front. Surface
marked by seventy-five to eighty coarse strize which occasional-
ly bifureate.
Internal casts of this species only have been observed, but its general
form appears to be sufficient to distinguish it from any of the preceding
species.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Carlisle ( N.Y.).
RHYNCHONELLA PLEIOPLEURA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 102, f.3a—cand 4a-e.
Atrypa pleiopleura, Conrap : An. Report Pal. N.Y. p. 55.
Suet transversely oval : dorsal valve the larger, somewhat gib-
bous, having a round or sloping mesial fold; beak incurved ;
cardinal border excavated on each side of the beak, for the
reception of the dental Jamine of the opposite valve :’ ventral
valve nearly flat, most elevated near the beak, having a some-
what deep, broad, rounded sinus near the front margin, which
is prolonged into a rounded or subtriangular projection. Surface
ornamented by. from sixty-four to seventy rather aneniee bi-
furcating strie or plications.
This shell has been found in casts only : it differs from the last species.
in being more gibbous, more distinctly sinuate, the striae stronger, and
impressions of the adductor muscles larger and more prominent.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Schoharie.
RHYNCHONELLA PLEIOPLEURA,.
WaALDHEIMIA GLOBOSA.
Pala NY: Vol. in, pl. 36; £10
Suextt subglobose, oval : ventral valve a little larger than the
opposite one, most gibbous in the umbonial region ; beak promi-
nent, rounded and arched, perforate at the extremity by a round
aperture, one side of which is formed by a deltidium : dorsal
8s | SanatE
valve shorter than the ventral ; beak incurved. Surface marked
by twelve to sixteen somewhat angular plications on each valve,
two or three of which are slightly depressed on the middle of
both valves, so as to produce sometimes a faint emargination in
front; the depressed plications smaller than the others, ane
often pees obsolete before reaching the beak.
The globose form and slightly elevated plications of this shell, as well
as its more distinctly imbricating lamelle, will serve to distinguish it from
another species mm the same rock.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
|
W ALDHEIMIA FORMOSA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.36, f. 2.
Suet longitudinally ovate : ventral valve tapering towards the
beak; beak prominent, rounded, arched or incurved, truncated
at the apex bya round perforation, one side of which is formed
by the deltidium : dorsal valve convex, sometimes most pro-
minent near the umbo; beak incurved. Surface marked by
eighteen to twenty-two or twenty-three simple angular or some-
what rounded plications, two or three of which are much smaller
and slightly depressed on the middle of each valve, so as to
form a faint narrow sinus extending nearly or quite to the apex
of the beaks, and giving a slight emarginate outline to the front.
Shell marked by fine imbricating concentric lines of growth.
This species differs from the preceding in its more elongate form, larger
size of full-grown individuals, and less rugose imbricating lines of growth.
The plications are: less strongly developed and more numerous, and the
central ones become obsolete or nearly disappear before reaching the beak.
There are rarely individuals, as fig. 2 of pl. 36, which approach more
nearly in character to the preeeding species; but they are always less”
rotund in form, and the beak larger. -
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
:
SG
;
"
F
No. 109.] 89
WALDHEIMIA RECTIROSTRA.
" Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 36a.
SHELL longitudinally ovate, tapering towards the beak at an angle
of about 45°, slopes on each side of the beaks, flattened and not
plicated ; beak of ventral valve straight, extending beyond the
opposite, truncated at the apex by a round perforation partly
formed by the deltidium ; beak of dorsal valve incurved. Sur-
' face marked by twelve or thirteen prominent subangular plica-
tions, the two central of which, on the ventral valve, are slightly
smaller than the others, and a little depressed. These two plica-
tions coalesce before reaching the beak : the central plication of
the dorsal valve is smaller and a little more depressed than the
others, and becomes obsolete before reaching the beak.
This well-marked species may be at once distinguished from either of
the preceding by its less ventricose form, and the more attenuated and
straight beak of the ventral valve.
Geological postition and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Maryland.
WALDHEIMIA DEWEYI.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. ii, pl-36, £3:
Suen depressed-subglobose, sometimes subquadrilateral with the
sides curving, moderately compressed ; valves nearly equal :
ventral valve a little the most prominent towards the umbo,
having a narrow faint sinus from near the beak to the front,
where it sometimes produces a slight sinuosity ; beak apparently
not perforate, extending a little beyond the opposite beak, upon
which it is closely ineurved : dorsal valve symmetrically arched.
Surface marked by about forty regular simple rounded strie,
crossed by indistinct lines of growth, and, near the front, oc-
casionally by stronger imbricating concentric marks indicating
interrupted stages of growth.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
90 | SenaTE
EATONIA MEDIALIS.
Atrypa medialis, WaT
Pal. NEY Volo mi, plo, 1. i
‘Seti transversely oval, suborbicular or subquadrate ; ; hinge
nearly straight, and forming a very obtuse angle at the beaks :
dorsal valve much larger than the ventral, greatly elevated in
the middle (especially near the front), declining with a gentle
curve laterally and towards the hinge : ventral valve flat or
concave, depressed in front so as to form a broad and profound
mesial sinus; beak very small, pointed but not prominent,
incurved, perforate at the extremity. Surface marked by from
twelve to sixteen broad rounded rarely bifurcating plications,
four of which usually occupy the summit of the mesial fold of
the ventral valve, and about three the bottom of the sinus in
the dorsal valve : lines of growth obscure. The visceral im-
pression in the ventral valve moderately large, ovate, very
distinctly defined by a prominent border, and marked by lon-
gitudinal slightly radiating plications : near its centre is the
small cordiform longitudinally striate impression of the adductor
muscle.
Associated with this species are a few forms, which, although differing
materially from it, I am at present inclined to regard as merely extreme
varieties of the same species. Some of these are given on the same plate
(See fig. 1a, b, ec, d, e, f, g). In some instances (such as 1 ¢, d, f & g),
HatToNIA MEDIALIS:
No. 109.] 91
the plications are nearly entirely obsolete, and the valves are compressed
together around the front and lateral margins.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg, Albany and Schoharie counties.
EATONIA SINUATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 101 4, f.2.
Suet circular or longitudinally oval : ventral valve concave,
except in the umbonial region, from which point, as well as
from the lateral margins, it slopes generally into the broad deep
sinus without defined margins : dorsal valve convex, rising in
front into a broad undefined mesial prominence, often nearly as
‘high as the highest part of the central region of the valve; beak
ineurved. Surface marked by thirty-six to forty strong elevated
rounded or subangular plications on each valve. Visceral im-
pressions large, broad, and marked with radiating plications
towards the margin, strongly defined by an elevated border :
impression of the adductor muscles cardiform, small, located in
the middle of the visceral impression, longitudinally striate.
The two middle plications on the dorsal valve are separeted
by a wider depression than between those on other parts of the
shell, which continues quite up to the beak : in this depression
there is sometimes near the front a slender plication, which
becomes obsolete before reaching the beak.
The surface of this shell was doubtless also marked by fine concentric
lines of growth, but none of the specimens coming under my observation
are in a condition to have preserved them.
This species differs from C. medialis in being proportionally more elon-
gate, having more plications, and a broader and less distinctly defined sinus
in the ventral valve. The two plications bordering the sinus and mesial fold
of the former species are also proportionally much broader than in this one.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Cumberland, Md.
92 [ SENATE
HATONIA EMINENS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 37, f. 2.
SHELL somewhat depressed-globose or subquadrilateral, deeply
sinuate and abruptly elevated in front : ventral valve sloping
from the beak and sides into a broad undefined sinus, and ab-
ruptly extended in front with a regular curve into a large sub-
triangular prolongation, which lies nearly at right angles to the
plane of the valve near the beak : dorsal valve much the larger,
extremely elevated in front,and declining abruptly towards the
beak and sides ; mesial elevation with four plications, the two
middle ones much more prominent. (The specimen a cast.)
This species differs from the two preceding, to which it is related, in the
much greater prominence of the mesial fold in front, the plications broader
than in the first, and not nearly so many in the last. It also presents no-
table differences from C. medialis, in the characters of the internal im-
pressions.
Geological position and locality. Lower Helderberg limestone, Ten-
nessee. i
MERISTA BELLA (Ni. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Voliii, pl. 40, f. 1.
SHELL varying from subcircular or subquadrilateral to transversely
oval, usually somewhat broader than long, rather gibbous :
ventral valve a little the larger, most convex near the umbo ;
beak somewhat prominent and closely incurved : dorsal yume
convex ; both valves marked with a small sublinear mesial sinus,
that of the ventral valve stronger than the other, the two often
giving a distinct emarginate outline to the front. Surface smooth,
- or marked by faint concentric lines of growth.
This species is characterized by its symmetrical form and the distinctly
emarginate character of the front, caused by the meeting of the small
mesial depressions of the two valves. The sinus on the front of the ventral
valve is always broader and deeper than that on the other, giving a waved
outline to the margins of the valves. Some of the specimens appear to have
a small open foramen in the point of the beak, but which may be acciden-
tal.
No. 109.] 93
It is closely related to Terebratula compressa (MURCHISON), but at-
. tains a larger size than any of that species figured, and is almost always
more gibbous, especially the ventral valve near the beak.
A single specimen, apparently of this species ( pl. 40, f.2c,d,e& f),
is much more compressed than the others, and less distinctly sinuate on the
middle of the valves, and consequently nearly destitute of the emargination
in the front : this, however, is only a single exception to the general cha-
racters of the species.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
MERISTA BELLA.
MERISTA SUBQUADRATA (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 40, f.3.
Suet, subquadrate : ventral valve the larger, gibbous in the
middle and umbonial region; beak prominent, incurved, ap-
parently not perforate : dorsal valve depressed-convex ; front
slightly elevated, forming a small undefined mesial prominence
immediately on the margin; beak well defined, incurved. Sur-
face smooth, or marked with many indistinct concentric lines of
growth.
The most marked characters of this species are its obliquely subquadrate
form, and the slight elevation of the front margin of the dorsal valve, with-
out any traces of a corresponding sinus in the opposite valve.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
94 _ [Senate
Merista L&vis ( Vanuxem).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 39, £.3.
SHELL ovate, thin, somewhat ventricose : ventral valve the larger,
most gibbous in the centre and umbonial region, having a small
mesial sinus extending from the front more than half way to the
umbo; beak prominent, ventricose, incurved, not perforate :
dorsal valve regularly convex, rounded in the middle, but
without a defined mesial fold; beak incurved. Surface smooth,
or only marked by obscure concentric lines and occasional
stronger concentric wrinkles of growth.
Some varieties of this species, especially the adult shell, often resemble
Merisiw bella, but differ in being proportionally longer, and are never
marked by a sinus on the dorsal valve. Young shells are sometimes com-
paratively much more compressed, and often destitute of any trace of a
sinus on either valve.
Geological position and locality. Shaly and compact limestones of the
Lower Helderberg group : Albany, Schoharie and Herkimer counties.
MeERI3TA LEVIS.
No. 109.] 95
MERISTA ARCUATA (N.§8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 41, f. 1.
SueLt broad-ovate, sometimes transversely oval : ventral valve
longitudinally arcuate, gibbous in the central and umbonial
region, having in front a shallow rounded depression scarcely
reaching the middle of the valve; front margin (in old speci-
mens) elevated, and fitting into the broad rounded sinus of the
opposite valve : dorsal valve often abruptly elevated along the
middle and sloping laterally, having no distinct mesial fold ;
beak incurved. Surface smooth, or marked by faint concentric
lines and occasional stronger wrinkles of growth.
Some varieties of this species bear considerable resemblance to the last :
they are, however, always ventricose and proportionally brgader. The
ventral valve is also more arcuate longitudinally, more distinctly sinuate,
and clevated at the front. The dorsal valve is likewise more compressed
in this species, especially near the lateral margins.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany and Schoharie counties,,
MERISTA ARCUATA.
MERISTA PRINCEPS (N.S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 44, f.1-5.
SHELL ovate ; sides sloping towards the beaks at an angle of about
30° : ventral valve more or less profoundly arcuate longitudi-
; [Senate
nally, most ventricose near the central and umbonial region,
depressed and having a broad shallow flat or subangular mesial
sinus in front, terminating (in old specimens) in a linguiform
extension : dorsal valve elevated and rounded along the middle,
declining laterally, having ( in old specimens) a strong rounded
mesial fold in front; beak incurved. Surface marked by ob-
scure traces of very fine radiating striae, which are crossed by
indistinct concentric lines of growth.
This fine large species differs considerably in the form and depth of the
mesial sinus, as well as in the greater or less extension of the mesial pro-
longation of the anterior border of the ventral valve. In some of the spe-
cimens the sinus is very shallow and flattened within, while in other in-
stances it is more impressed and angular in the middle : other specimens
present intermediate grades of difference in this respect, the sinus being
nearly flat within, and marked by a narrow, nearly linear, deeper depression
Ss A
ON
fr RB :
SEs
MERISTA PRINCEPS.
No. 109.] 97
elong its middle. Young individuals are almost entirely destitute of a sinus,
though the front of the dorsal valve im such cases is usually slightly cle-
vated.
Geological poszticn and locality. Upper Pentamerus limestone of the
Lower Helderberg group, Carlisle and Schoharie.
MERISTA MEEKI.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 44, f.6.
SHELL cordate-ovate, very gibbous, sloping from below the middle
towards the beaks at an angle of about 80° : ventral valve pro-
foundly arcuate from the beak to the anterior margin, where it
terminates in a prominent abruptly tapering mesial prolonga-
tion, having a broad angular sinus from near the beak quite
to the termination of the anterior prolongation ; beak flat-
tened on the outside, subangular on its lateral slopes, closely
incurved upon that of the opposite valve : dorsal valve elevated
along the middle, sloping laterally with an abrupt curve, very
gibbous in the umbonial region ; beak incurved. Surface smooth,
or marked by faint concentric lines of growth.
The shorter and more globose form of this species, as well as the deep
angular sinus and flattened umbo of its ventral valve, are sufficient to
distinguish it from all the preceding species.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the age of the Lower
Helderberg, Tennessee.
MEGANTERIS MUTABILIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 45, £2.
SHELL ovate varying to elliptic and obovate, not sinuate on either
valve ; old specimens sometimes very gibhous, but generally
compressed towards the anterior border in young individuals ;
valves nearly equally convex : ventral valve most elevated
| Senate No. 109.] 7
98 | SznaTE
near the middle and towards the umbo; beak pointed, sub-
angular along the lateral slopes, arched or closely incurved ;
foramen narrow, and extending nearly or quite to the apex of
the beak : dorsal valve slightly less elevated and a little shorter
than the opposite ; beak not projecting, ineurved. Surface
marked by twelve to twenty-eight coarse obscure radiating striz,
crossed by fine indistinct lines of growth, and sometimes near
the border by a few strong concentric undulations. The radiating
strice are usually obsolete on the upper half of the shell.
This species varies considerably in form, as well as in other characters.
Young individuals are generally more compressed near the front, and the
beak is more nearly straight ; while older specimens are often quite gib-
bous, and sometimes marked by very strong concentric undulations : in
the latter case, the beak of the ventral valve is generally closely incurved.
Geological position and locality. Higher part of the Shaly limestone,
and more compact beds just beneath the Upper Pentamerus limestone of
the Lower Helderberg group, Albany and Columbia counties.
|
MEGANTERIS ELLIPTICA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 45, f. 4.
SHELL elliptical, rather gibbous; valves nearly equally convex ;
front rather sharply rounded ; no trace of a sinus on either
valve : dorsal valve most elevated near the middle, rounding
laterally, and having a semielliptical outline from the front to
the beak, which is incurved : ventral valve curving from the
middle towards the lateral margins, and forming longitudinally
a semielliptic curve; beak rather gibbous, closely incurved
and extended over that of the other valve. Surface marked by
fine indistinct radiating strie, which are crossed by obscure
remains of concentric lines and faint undulations of growth.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
No. 109.] 99
MEGANTERIS ASQUIRADIATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. ii, pl. 45, f. 4.
Atrypa equiradiata, Conrad: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., Vol. 8. p. 266;
Ble ket. Li
Suet elliptical or subovoid ; valves nearly equal ; surface marked
by simple regular radiating strie; beak of the ventral valve
moderately incurved, scarcely gibbous ; margins of valves not
sinuous.
Geological position and locality. Upper Pentamerus limestone of the
Lower Helderberg group, Schoharie.
MEGANTERIS ZQUIRADIATUS.
Se nel
————_—_—_—
MEGANTERIS LAEVIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 40, f. 2.
Suet broad oval or subquadrate, not sinuate : ventral valve the
more convex, most prominent along the middle and towards the
beak, which is pointed and arched so as to rise above the hinge-
line, but not closely incurved ; foramen narrow, extending quite
100 | SenaTE
to the apex of the beak : dorsal valve flat or depressed-convex.
Surface smooth, or only marked by very obscure lines of growth.
The plano-convex form and smooth surface of this species will at once
distinguish it from all its known congeners in the rocks of this State. It
is possible there may be very fine obscure radiating striz on perfectly
preserved specimens of this species, though the only individual I have yet
seen appears to have been smooth.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
MEGANTERIS SUESSANA.
PaleaNeys Vola) pla OG.A5 team
SuEtt longitudinally obovate, varying to oval or subelliptical,
somewhat compressed ; valves nearly or quite equal; no traces
of a sinus on either valve; front narrowly rounded; lateral
margins very abruptly inflected : ventral valve depressed con-
vex, most prominent along the middle, sloping very gradually
towards the sides; beak pointed, small, very angular along its
lateral borders, incurved, rising above the hinge-line but not
touching the other valve, perforate in the apex by a small round
aperture partly completed by the two small deltidial pieces,
which, together with the thickened dental apophyses of the
opposite valve, close the triangular foramen below : dorsal valve
symmetrically depressed-convex, sloping very gradually from
near the middle laterally and towards the front, rounding a little
more abruptly towards the beak, which is pointed and scarcely
incurved : hinge-line nearly straight, or sloping from the beak
at a very obtuse angle, much less than the width of the shell.
Surface usually appearing to be smooth, but, on well-preserved
specimens, remains of very faint simple radiating strie may be
seen towards the margin, which always become obsolete above.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Maryland.
No. 109.] 101
MEGANTERIS OVALIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 106, f. 2.
SHELL longitudinally oval, compressed , lateral margins subtrun-
cate and abruptly inflected ; front rather narrowly rounded :
ventral valve slightly the more elevated, most prominent along
the middle, sloping gradually towards the sides ; beak pointed,
arched so as to bring the apex above the hinge-line, but not
touching the opposite valve, angular along the lateral slopes’:
dorsal valve regularly depressed-convex ; beak ineurved, Sur-
face marked by very faint simple radiating strie, which become
obsolete on the upper part.
Casts and much-worn specimens of this species only have come under
my observation. None of these have the apex of the beak entire, nor do
they show the character of the foramen. It is evidently very near the last
species, but differs, however, in being larger, more compressed, and often
proyortionally broader. Casts of this species also resemble those of Tere-
bratula archiaci of DE VERNEUIL ( DUNKER und von Meyer, Paleon-
tologie, dritter band, 4, pl. xxvii, f. 2); which species, I infer from the
reference, is the type of Surss’s Genus MEGANTERIS*.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Helderberg and
Schoharie.
MEGANTERIS CUMBERLANDIA.
PaloN Vie Viol. a1) ple Obra.) £272:
Suey oval, ovate or elliptical; valves nearly equal, somewhat
acutely rounded in front; no trace of a sinus in either valve ;
lateral margins abruptly inflected : ventral valve rounded and
most convex along the middle, sloping laterally and forming a
broad semielliptical curve from front to beak, a little more gib-
* At the time of writing this description, I have seen the name of MreGanreEris
only in a catalogue of the genera given by Davibson in the Annals and Magazine
of Natural History for December 1855.
102 | SENATE
bous above than below the centre; beak prominent, slightly
arched ; extremity perforate; perforation generally connected
with the broad triangular foramen below, but probably often
separated by the deltidial pieces, which, with the thickened
dental apophysis, nearly or quite close the foramen : dorsal
valve depressed-convex, slightly the smaller ; beak scarcely in-
curved. Surface apparently smooth, or marked only by obscure
concentric lines and faint wrinkles of growth.
The specimens cxamined are silicified, and it is probable that fine
radiating striae may have existed on the original shell, which have been
obliterated by the ehange.
This species may be distinguished from M. suessana, which it most re-
sembles, by its more elongate form and the more prominent beak of the
ventral valve. The cardinal margin of the ventral valve, on each side of
the beaks, is also more prominent, and that of the other valve mare ex-
cavated, so as to impart a waved outline to the line of junction of the two
yalves from the beaks along the lateral slopes.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Maryland.
MEGANTERIS OVOIDES.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 104 & 105, f.1.
Terebratula ovoides, Eaton (1832) : Geol. Text-book. p.45. ( Not Sowerby,
1 ¢
ae
T. perovalis, HAton (1832) : Geol. Text-book, p.45. ( Not Sowerby, 1825.)
Atrypa elongata, Conrap: An. Rep. N.Y. 1839, p. 65.
Not Meganteris elongata ( Pentamerus elongatus ) of the Onondaga limestone,
Vanuxem: Geol. Rep. 1842, p. 132, f.1.
Suet elongate-ovate or elliptical-ovate, gibbous or compressed,
broadest above the middle, abruptly rounded towards the car-
dinal end, narrowing to the front, which is often depressed and
roun !ed or subtruncate ; no traces of a sinus in either valve :
in gibbous specimens, the sides are sometimes vertically flattened
or a little concave, often slightly contracted near the front :
ventral valve the larger, most gibbous in the umbonial region ;
beak (in old specimens) somewhat obtuse, closely incuz ved
upon the opposite : dorsal valve depressed-convex, less elevate¢,
than the other, most prominent along the middle or a little
No. 109.] 103
above it, forming a low semioval or semielliptical arch from
beak to front, sloping very gradually to the sides, which (in old
‘specimens) are often so abruptly deflected, or even inflected, as
to form a distinct angular ridge extending from near the beak
two-thirds of the way to the front; beak obtuse, scarcely in-
curved. Surface marked by regular simple radiating striee, some-
times crossed near the borders by distinct concentric wrinkles.
This species varies greatly in form ; some individuals being very gibbous
and distinctly ovate. while others are more or less compressed and very
elongate-ovate or narrow elliptical : the first variety was Haton’s T,
ovozdes, and the latter his T. perovadis. After studying a large collection
of these forms, I am satisfied that they are varieties of the same species,
rather than distinct types.
I have some fine specimens from Cumberland ( Md.), apparently identi-
cal with this one; but they are usually smaller than those found in New-
York, and appear to be a little more finely striated.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone, Helderberg and
Schoharie.
»
AN
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AWS)
|
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Yp,
tif
MEGANTERIS OVOIDES.
104 | SENATE
PENTAMERUS VERNEUILI.
PalveNeye Woleiit, spl 485 tee
Sueiy subglobose ; transverse diameter generally greater than the
height : ventral valve more depressed than the opposite, having
a distinct sinus, commencing near the beak and regularly wi-
dening and deepening to the front, where it terminates in a short
truncated extension fitting into a corresponding depression in
the front of the other valve; beak shorter than the opposite,
perforated by a triangular foramen, which is generally covered
by the strongly gibbous incurved beak of the other valve :
dorsal valye very much elevated; beak extremely gibbous and
incurved. Surface marked by from twenty-four to thirty sharply
angular elevated plications, which increase by interstitial addi-
tion and bifurcation : from four to six of the plications on the
ventral valve usually occupy the sinus; while from five to eight
of those on the dorsal valve are very slightly elevated, so as to
form a flat rather indistinct mesial fold.
This beautiful species is unlike any form known to me in our rocks : it
bears an analogy to Atrypa znterplicata of the Niagara group, which is
probably a Pen/amerus, though its internal characters have not yet been
seen. This species will, however, be easily distinguished from that, by its
larger size and more globose form, as well as more numerous and sharper
plications.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany and Schoharie counties.
PENTAMERUS VERNEUILI.
No. 109.] 105
PENTAMERUS GALEATUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 46 & 47.
This widely distributed species is characteristic of the compact limestones
at the base of the Lower Helderberg group, and is known to occur in the
same position as far south as Tennessce.
It presents a great variety of form and surface markings. In New-York,
the extremely young specimens are always smooth, so far as I have ob-
served. In the various stages of growth. they present every possible degree
of development in the plications ; some individuals of nearly full size re-
maining smooth, while others are strongly plicated before reaching half the
full size. Some individuals present plications only on the mesial fold and
sinus. The plications are sometimes bifurcate, as shown in a single indiyi-
dual on plate 46 and another on plate 47. ,
The illustrations upon plate 46 show a few of the varieties of form and
marking to which this species is subject.’
PENTAMERUS GALEATUS.
106 { Senatp
PENTAMERUS PSEUDOGALEATUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. ii, pl. 46, f. 2.
Suet longitudinally ovate : ventral valve extremely convex,
especially in the umbonial region ; beak very prominent and
strongly gibbous, incurved,and projecting far beyond that of the
other valve; front margin in adult shells sometimes having a
faint mesial prominence : dorsal valve subcircular, or much
shorter and more compressed than the opposite ; beak incurved ;
front obliquely flattened, or very slightly depressed so as to form
sometimes an indistinct sinus, often a little produced into a short
3
; Wav cconmmeneysseniconssenayremmrmeaanic 5S) Ms)
PENTAMERUS PSEUDOGALEATUS.
No. 109.] 107
_ truncate or rounded extension. Surface smooth, or marked by
faint concentric lines of growth.
Young specimens of this species might be mistaken for the young of P.
galeatus, which are, like this, destitute of plications. Its form, however, is
much more elongated, and the beak more extended than in P. galeatus.
Geological position and locality. Upper Pentamerus limestone of the
Lower Helderberg group, being the fossil which characterizes the higher
compact beds of the group, as P. galeatus does those of the lower beds of
the same.
LEPTOC@LIA CONCAVA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl.38, f. 1 to 7.
SHELL ovate or suborbicular : ventral valve convex, elevated along
the middle into a mesial prominence, which extends to the
umbo; beak small, incurved beyond the hinge-line : dorsal
valve near the lateral margins, depressed in the middle, forming
a shallow undefined sinus which is deeper in the centre than at
the front, and rapidly diminishes towards the umbo; beak
straight : area small ; foramen triangular and extending to the
apex of the beak, sometimes closed below by a deltidium. Sur-
face marked by fourteen to seventeen strie, which sometimes
bifurcate : the one on the middle of the mesial fold of the ven-
tral valve is generally smaller than the others, giving a slightly
grooved appearance along its centre quite up to the beak.
The sinus in the dorsal valve of this shell widens so rapidly from the
‘eak towards the front, and is so much deeper in the centre than near the
deak and at the front of the shell, that it gives in some instances a marked
concavity to this valve. .
This species may be considered a representative of Terebratula duboisi
of Dz VERNEUIL ( Géologie de la Russie, pl. x, f.16); from which it
differs in its more rotund outline, and in the greater concavity of the dorsal
valve.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
108 [ SENATE
LEPTOCG@LIA IMBRICATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iii, pl. 38, f.8 to 12.
Suet longitudinally semielliptical or suborbicular : ventral valve
convex, most prominent along the middle, and sloping laterally ;
beak small, incurved at the apex and perforated by a very small
round aperture, one side of which is formed by the deltidium :
dorsal valve flattened or depressed-convex ; beak scarcely ele-
vated above the hinge ; hinge sloping from the beaks at an angle
of about 150°, rounded at the extremities, nearly equal to the
greatest width of the shell ; area narrow, shorter than the hinge.
Surface marked by ten to twelve plications on each valve, of
which the two on the middle of the ventral valve are larger and
more elevated than the others, and separated by a wider and
deeper depression than between those on each side. The central
plication on the dorsal valve is larger than the others near the
front, but usually dies out before reaching the beak. Shell
marked by strong imbricating concentric lamelle of growth.
This species resembles Leptocalia (Atrypa) disparilis of the Niagara
group, but is generally larger, has more plications and a straighter hinge ;
its dorsal valve also differs, in being slightly convex instead of concave. It:
also bears‘a general resemblance to Terebratula lepida (GoLDFUSS) and
T. sublepida (DE VERNEUIL), but has a wider hinge than either of these,
and differs likewise from them in other obvious and essential characters.
Geological position and locality. Shaly limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group, Albany county.
LEPTOCGLIA PROPRIA.
Pal. N:Y. Vol.iii, pl. 106, f£. 1:
SHELL somewhat semicircular, varying to suborbicular or trans-
versely oval, generally broader than long : ventral valve con-
vex, most prominent along the middle, declining laterally ;
beak incurved, with a small round perforation in the extremity,
which is completed on the lower side by the two deltidial pieces :
No. 109.] 109
dorsal valve flat; beak straight : hinge sloping from the beaks
at an angle of 110° to 160°, rounded at the extremities. Surface
marked by twelve or thirteen simple angular plications ; two
of which, on the middle of the ventral valve, are a little larger
and slightly more prominent than the others : between these,
there is a third smaller depressed plication, forming an in-
distinct sinus. On the dorsal valve the two middle plications
are a little closer together, and slightly more prominent near
the front, than the others; while the depressions separating them
from these, each side, are a little wider and deeper than those
between the other plications.
This species presents some varieties of form, apparently due to age; the
hinge-line of younger or smaller individuals being more extended and more
nearly straight. The silicified condition of the specimens has obscured the
finer surface markings. Many of the specimens appear to retain remains
of fine radiating strive ; while more distinct concentric lines, and occasional
stronger undulations of growth, are visible in most of them.
Along the hinge-line, in many specimens of this species, there is a pecu-
liar fimbriated appendage apparently coming from between the valves, and
anchylosing them firmly together. I have noticed this appendage in so many
instances, that I am inclined to believe that it had some connexion either
directly with the animal, or with the cardinal apparatus.
Geological position and locality. Oriskany sandstone : New-York,
Maryland and Canada.
ORTHIS ZQUIVALVIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suet subcircular, compressed ; hinge about three-fourths the
width of the shell : dorsal valve depressed-convex : ventral
valve flattened, much depressed or concave towards the front,
slightly elevated in the umbonial region; foramen of medium
size; area moderately high, extending to the extremities of the
hinge. Surface marked by numerous small radiating striz, which
bifurcate two or three times between the beak and the margins.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg,
Williamsville, N.Y.
110 [ SewaTE
ORTHIS PROPINQUA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suey transversely oval, rather gibbous; hinge straight, equalling
about one half the greatest breadth of the shell : dorsal valve
the larger, gibbous especially in the umbonial region ; beak
equalling or sometimes extending a little beyond that of the
opposite valve, incurved ; dorsal area incurved : ventral valve
depressed- convex, somewhat prominent towards the beak,
having a broad faintly defined depression near the anterior
margin, giving it a straight or somewhat emarginate outline ;
foramen narrow ; area broad, triangular, arcuate. Surface marked
by numerous fine irregular strie, apparently increasing chiefly
by interstitial additions, and crossed by fine indistinct concen-
tric lines and a few stronger wrinkles of growth.
This species approaches so closely O. multdstriata of the Pentamerus
limestone, that it is very difficult to distinguish them, the form and surface
characters being generally almost precisely the same. Sometimes, however,
the beak and area of the ventral valve of this species is a little more ar-
cuate than in O. multzstrzata, and that of the dorsal valve is usually more
gibbous, while internally they present some well-marked differences. In this
shell, the vascular impressions bifurcate once, twice, or even three times,
before reaching the border; while those of O. multistrzata appear to pass
down the front without bifurcation,
ORTHIS TULLIENSIS, of the Tully limestone, is also another form very
difficult to distinguish from this : it is, however, generally more gibbous,
and presents internal differences ; the divisions of the vascular impressions
pass down the front of the dorsal valve nearly parallel to each other, or
slightly converging ; while those of the species under consideration, as well
as of O. multistriata, diverge distinctly.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg
group, New-York and Ohio.
No. 109.] 111
STROPHOMENA ( STROPHODONTA) CRENISTRIA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Strophomena crenistria, Haru : Rep. Geol. 4th Dist. New-York, pa. 171,
pl.35, £3&4.
SHett somewhat semicircular, much compressed ; length from
two-thirds to three-fourths as great as breadth; hinge crenulated,
nearly or quite equal to the greatest width of the shell, and
sometimes having small salient angles at the extremities : dorsal
valve unknown : ventral valve much compressed. Surface
marked by fine strie, increasing by bifurcation and interstitial
addition ; crossed by fine closely set concentric lines of growth
and a few indistinct wrinkles, giving a subcrenulate aspect to
the radiating striz : interior granulose; granules on each side
of the fan-shaped vascular impression, larger than those nearer
the margins.
This shell has much the form and general aspect of Leptena pluristriata
(Conrap ) from the Hamilton group, but has rather coarser and more
rounded strie, which are not so sharply crenulated.
Geological posztion and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg
group, Williamsville, N.Y.
Z Uf yf
ify
Ze ) | :
_
ell
STROPHOMENA CRENISTRIA.
S
S
—=s
SS
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i ay
yy
BY
— =
—4
==
i
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) AMPLA.
Baltenieys Voll. iv:
Suett large, transverse, nearly semicircular; hinge-line crenulated,
equal to the greatest width of the shell : dorsal valve prominent
112 [ SenaTE
in the middle, sloping towards the front and lateral margins,
depressed or concave near the umbo : ventral valve deeply
concave, except at the beak; foramen narrow, closed ; area
wide, vertically striate. Surface marked by strong, somewhat
unequal radiating strie, which bifureate three or four times
between the umbo and the margin.
This shell is allied to S. woolworthana of the Lower Helderberg shaly
limestone, but differs in being more strongly resupinate, and in the cha-
racter of its striz; those of S. woolworthana being more irregular, and
increasing generally by abrupt implantation, while those of the present
species usually bifurcate very regularly ; in consequence of which, those
at the margin are smaller than those near the umbo. It is also nearly re-
lated to a species in the Schoharie grit, S. 2
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg
group, Albany and Schoharie counties ; and along the outcrop of the same
formation as far as Hrie county, N.Y.
STROPHOMENA AMPLA.
‘No. 109.] 113
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) HEMISPHERICA (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL subcircular or semicircular; hinge crenulated, nearly or
quite equal to the greatest width of the shell, terminating in
small distinct ears : dorsal valve extremely gibbous, almost
hemispherical : ventral valve concave, sometimes geniculated
on the front and lateral margins ; dental apophyses prominent,
and extending beyond the hinge-line. Surface marked by fine,
closely arranged radiating strie; about every fourth, fifth, or
sixth one of which is a little larger than the others : extremely
fine, nearly obsolete concentric strie mark the surface in the
other direction : sometimes very small indistinct concentric
wrinkles are visible, especially in the umbonal region. Interior
of the shell granulose.
Geological position and locality. Corniferous limestone, N.Y., and in
the same rock at the falls of the Ohio, and at many other western localities.
|
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) INEQUIRADIATA (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iy.
Sue nearly semicircular ; length about two-thirds the breadth ;
hinge-line crenulated, equalling the greatest width of the shell :
dorsal valve concave, distinctly incurved near the hinge : ven-
tral valve convex, forming a distinct arch from beak to front,
sloping to the sides; beak and area strongly incurved. Surface
marked by somewhat coarse distant radiating strie, which in-
crease by interstitial addition : the spaces between these larger
strie are occupied by extremely fine closely arranged parallel
lines, which are crossed by finer, regular, close concentric strie,
so as to present, under a good magnifier, a delicate cancellate
surface. Interior finely granulose; granules arranged in irregu-
lar radiating rows.
This species is closely related to Leptena hauert of BARRANDE (Brach.
aus Béhm ; Harpincer, Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, pa. 242,
[ Senate No. 109. ] 8
114 [ Senate
pl. xxiii, f. 2 & 3). The general form and the finest details of the surface
markings are almost exactly the same : the difference is in the more
strongly incurved beak and area in our shell, and the finer intermediate
and concentric striz. Some varieties of this species show, in addition to
these surface markings, fine interrupted concentric wrinkles in the umbonal
region, which give it somewhat the character of Strophomena patersont,
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg
group, New-York,
STROPHOMENA INEQUIRADIATA.
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) PATERSONI (01. 8.)
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suett semioval : ventral valve very convex, gibbous in the
middle, somewhat abruptly deflected at the sides and front,
sometimes marked by a few radiating undulations which affect
both ventral and dorsal valves towards the front; hinge-line
straight, often slightly salient. Surface marked by distant ele-
vated radiating lines; the intermediate spaces marked by fine
radiating striz,and crossed by short abruptly arching wrinkles
which are interrupted by the strong radiating strize : finer ra-
diating stric, from twelve to twenty, between the stronger ones ;
area unknown.
This shell varies, in the convexity of the ventral valve, from moderately
convex to very gibbous ; some specimens being abruptly bent or geniculate
towards the front. The vascular impression is bilobed, of moderate size,
and the cast presents a closely punctate surface.
This species is related to Leptena stephani, BARRANDE ( Brach. aus
Bohmen, taf. 20, f.7; Harpinaer, Naturwissenschaftl. Abhandlungen),
but is never so extended in the hinge-line nor so arcuate as the represen-
tatives of that species; the vascular impression is larger, and the concentric
wrinkles are always arched in well-preserved specimens of our species.
No. 109.] 115
This species likewise bears considerable resemblance to O71 his (Lepiena)
corzugata of PorTLOCK, but is a larger shell as it usually occurs in our
rocks. It is not Strophomena corrugata, CONRAD ( Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil. 1842; Pal. N.Y. Vol. ii, 1852, pa. 59, pl. 21, f, 2).
Geological position and locality. In the limestone of the Upper Helder-
berg group, Albany and Seneca counties.
STROPHOMENA PATERSONI.
|
STROPHOMENA CONCAVA (N.5S.).
Pal. N-Y. Vol. iv.
Sueiy large, triangular-hemispherical ; hinge-line equalling the
greatest width of the shell : dorsal valve unknown : ventral
valve profoundly concave, extremely gibbous in the umbonal
region, from which a prominent rounded mesial lobe extends
quite to the narrow rounded front; beak strongly incurved.
Surface marked by numerous distinct, irregular, bifurcating,
subangular strie.
The most marked characters of this species are the deep concavity,
strongly incurved beak, and triangular form of its ventral valve ; which
presents also the somewhat unusual character of a prominent ridge down
the middle, with indications of smaller ones on each side.
Geological posttion and locality. Limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg, Western New-York.
116 | SENATE
CHONETES HEMISPHERICA (0. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL transverse, semicircular, greatest width being along the
hinge-line; ears extending beyond the body of the shell, and
distinct from it, but not flattened : dorsal valve unknown :
ventral valve extremely ventricose, forming, without the éars,
nearly a hemisphere ; umbonal region gibbous, and projecting
a little beyond the hinge. Surface marked by numerous regular
rounded, radiating, occasionally bifureating strie. _
The distinguishing features of this shell are its hemispherical form, pro-
minent gibbous umbonal region, and regular rounded strize about equalling
the intermediate grooves.
Geological position and locality. Schoharie grit.
CHONETES HEMISPHERICA.
ES
CHONETES ARCUATA (0.S8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SuHetL semicircular, greatest width being along the hinge-line,
which terminates in short, slightly depressed, triangular ears,
extending a little beyond the body of the shell : dorsal valve
profoundly concave, corresponding very nearly with the curva-
ture of the opposite valve : ventral valve ventricose, forming
an elevated arch from beak to front, sometimes having a faint
depression in the middle from near the umbo to the anterior
margin ; umbonal region prominent ; beak incurved, and rising
a little above the hinge-line. Surface marked by numerous
fine regular strie, which increase both by bifurcation and im-
plantation, and are crossed by very fine obscure concentric lines.
No. 109.] 117
This species is larger, and not quite so gibbous as the last. The most
marked difference between the two species consists in the much finer strize
of the latter; sixteen occupying the space of one-fifth of an inch, while
only half that number can be counted in the same space on C. heméspherica.
Geological position and locality. Corniferous limestone.
CHONETES ARCUATA.
CHONETES ACUTIRADIATA (2. 8.).
Strephomena acutiradiata, Hatt : Geol. Rep. 4th Dist. N.Y. 1848, p. 171, f.3.
This species is a true Chonetes, with strong diverging cardinal spines.
The surface of well-preserved specimens is marked by strong equal rounded
strie, which bifurcate irregularly towards the margin. Some specimens show
a distinct sinus down the centre of the ventral valve; and rarely the striz
are narrow and acute, with wider interstices. It is probable that the original
described was an extreme specimen of this kind. Well preserved specimens
of the same shell from the original locality have the strie rarely acute,
though strong and rather abruptly rounded.
|
CHONETES GLABRA (10. 8.).
SHELL semioval in outline, ventricose, hemispheric; hinge-line
about equal to the greatest width of the shell : surface of the
ventral valve marked by obscure or slightly elevated rounded
striee, a few of which are more prominent near the beak ; stric
increasing by bifurcation and interstitial addition, and num-
bering from fifty-four to sixty or more upon the margin of the
shell, concentrically marked by fine closely arranged stria,
118 | SexatTz
which produce a faint reticulated appearance under the magni-
fier. Surface of the shell, when well preserved in limestone,
smooth and shining. Cast strongly and deeply punctate, parti-
cularly towards the margins : spines small and nearly vertical
to the hinge-line ; number unknown.
The striz do not extend to the angles of the cardinal extremities ; a
considerable space being left smooth, or marked only by concentric strie.
In this respect it resembles Chonetes pusilla, from which it is readily
distinguished by its finer and more numerous strize. This species is also
distinguished from C. yandellana of the limestone at the Falls of the Ohio,
by its finer and less distinctly defined striae, which do not reach the cardinal
extremities, while in that species they are very distinct and well defined on
that part of the shell. From C. scztula, this species is distinguished by
its smaller size and less elevated striz, and more gibbous or hemispherie
form, and less proportional width.
This species is usually regarded as the C. nana ; from which it is di-
stinguished by its more gibbous form and much greater number of siriz,
as well as, frequently, its greater size, though many individuals are not
larger than the figures of that species.
Geological position and locality. In the higher beds of limestone of the
Upper Helderberg at Oneida falls ; between Jamesville and Manlius,
Onondaga county ; in Seneca county ; and on the Indian reservation a
few miles southeast of Buffalo.
CHONETES GLABRA.
CHONETES YANDELLANA (0. 8.).
SHELL semioval, more or less gibbous ; hinge-line equalling the
greatest width of the shell; cardinal spines four or five on
each side of the beak, apparently nearly vertical to the hinge-
line. Surface distinctly striated ; strie somewhat equal, bifur-
No. 109.] 119
cating and increasing by interstitial addition, so that the margin
of the shell presents from sixty to seventy (or perhaps a greater
number in large specimens) : strie distinct, rounded, and the
depressions between them sharply defined ; area narrow, linear.
Interior striate papillose.
The strie extend over the entire surface of the shell, and are
as distinct on the latero-cardinal extremities as elsewhere upon
the surface.
This species is about the same size and general form as the Chonetes
pusilla ; but the striz are much finer, and, when no exfoliation has taken
place, are well defined, extending to the cardino-lateral margins, while in
that species a considerable space at the angles is plain. It is a smaller and
_ more rotund species than Chonetes scttula ; resembling C. glabra in form
and proportions, but differing in the character and distribution of the strise.
This shell has usually been referred to Chonetes nana ; but its surface
presents about double the number of strize which that species possesses
according to the original description of M. E. bE VeRNEUIL, thirty-five
to forty-five being the number of striz: upon the margin.
The Chonetes nana has been cited by M. DE VERNEUIL as occurring
at the Falls of the Ohio, but I have not seen it among my collections from
that locality.
Geological position and locality. In the upper beds of the limestone of
the age of the Upper Helderberg, at the Falls of the Ohio.
aes
CHONETES LATICOSTA (0. 8.).
SuHety small, subhemispherical ; hinge-line a little shorter than the
greatest width of the shell : dorsal valve with a narrow linear
area and prominent dental process : ventral valve with a wider
area; cardinal margin garnished by four or five tubular spines
on each side of the beak, which diverge very abruptly, making
a low angle with the hinge-line. Surface marked by about ten
or twelve strong rounded strie near the beak, which increase to
about twenty or twenty-four near the margin; bifurcations of
the striz strongly marked and divergent. Shell concentrically
marked by fine close strie and more distant somewhat squamose
lamelle. The surface of the shell, when partially exfoliated,
presents a peculiar striato-punctate appearance.
120 | SENATE
This species, in its general characters, resembles C. subhemispherica ;
but all the individuals I have seen are smaller, the radiating striz or
plications are less promiment and more broadly rounded, proportionally
stronger and fewer in number and more divergent, and remarkable in their
divergent bifurcation. In a single small specimen which preserves, almost
entire, two of the spines, the outer one is nearly as long as the whole length
of the hinge-line.
In its diverging spines, this species resembles C. koninckiana, PRATTEN
& Norwoop; but that species has double the number of strize, and half
as many cardinal spines. The specimens present some variation in different
localities, but all agree in the principal characteristics.
I have specimens which are essentially undistinguishable from this
species, in a hard limestone from the ‘‘ Devil’s Bake-oven,” Illinois. The
strize are, however, slightly less divergent, though corresponding in number.
Of two specimens among these, showing the spines imperfectly, both are
divergent in the same manner as in the New-York specimens. In the western
locality it is associated with Chonetes carinata, C. pusilla and Strophomena
laticosta, as well as other fossils characteristic of the Hamilton group.
Geological position and locality. In limestone a few miles southeast of
Buffalo, associated with Chonetes glabra, and in shales of the Hamilton
group on Canandaigua lake. In limestone, as cited above from Illinois, of .
the age of the Hamilton group.
PENTAMERUS ARATUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Atrypa arata, Conran : 1841, Ann. Rep. Pal. N.Y. p. 55.
Atrypa octocostata, Conrap : Idem.
SHELL arcuate-ovoid : dorsal valve much the smaller, depressed-
convex : ventral valve extremely elevated, forming almost a
semicircle from beak to front ; beak strongly incurved ; foramen
large, triangular. Surface marked by somewhat strong unequal
angular plications, which bifureate very irregularly.
A well-marked peculiarity of this species, in its mature condition, is
the extremely elevated arcuate ventral valve, giving it much the aspect of
a Productus. Of the other valve, little is known, further than that it is
much depressed.
No. 109.] 121
This species bears some resemblance to P. knighti of SowERByY, and
may be regarded as the nearest representative of that shell in our rocks :
it differs, however, in its smaller size, and in having stronger and much
less regular plications.
_ The young individuals of this species bear a close resemblance, in gene-
ral form and character, to Rhynchonella (Atrypa), and two varieties have
been thus described by Mr. Conrap as distinct species. There are still
some intermediate gradations wanting, to show the relations of figs. 4 and
6 with 9 and 10, of which I have fragments. A specimen more recently
obtained, of the dimensions of fig. 6, shows the internal structure of Pen-
tamerus in the most perfect manner.
Geological position and locality. Schoharie grit, Albany and Schoharie
counties ; and Onondaga limestone of the Upper Helderberg group, Erie
county, etc. :
PENTAMERUS ARATUS.
122 [ Sznate
ATRYPA IMPRESSA (0. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SuetL longitudinally obovate or oval : dorsal valve the larger,
very gibbous, most elevated above the centre, often having a
ridge in the middle, along which is generally a faint suleus ;
dorsal margin excavated on each side of the beak, for the recep-
tion of the dental laminz of the opposite valve ; beak distinctly
incurved : ventral valve depressed-convex, most prominent in
the umbonal region and along the middle; beak closely in-
curved upon the opposite. Surface marked by numerous small
bifurcating radiating strie, which are crossed by distinct,
crowded, concentric, imbricating lamellose lines of growth.
This shell resembles very closely the well-known A. reticularzs, and
has heretofore been referred to that species. I have long been satisfied,
however, that it is a distinct species. It may always be distinguished from
the A. reticularis by the prominent, broad, flattened space down the
middle of the dorsal valve, which is bounded by obtusely angular margins,
and often depressed in the centre upon the exterior shell, and always in the
cast. Owing to this character, the front is usually truncate or emarginate,
a feature not well represented in the accompanying illustrations. The ven-
tral valve is convex along the middle quite to the front, instead of being
depressed or sinuate as in A. reticularis. In a few instances, the front of
the ventral valve, though not sinuate, is slightly produced into a short
rounded projection. There are also internal differences between this shell
and A. retzculares.
Geological position and locality. Schoharie grit.
ATRYPA IMPRESSA.
No. 109.] 123
MBEGANTERIS SUBTRIGONALIS (N. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL subtriangular, broadest above the middle, rounded at the
lateral extremities, sloping towards the front, which is somewhat
narrowly rounded : dorsal valve the smaller, depressed-convex,
most elevated a little above the middle; front slightly depressed ;
beak ineurved : ventral valve most elevated along the middle,
gibbous a little above the centre, sloping Jaterally and towards
the front, where it is sometimes depressed. Surface smooth, or
marked by faint lines of growth.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg
group, Hrie county ( N.Y.).
|
MEGANTERIS ELONGATUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Pentamerus elongatus, Vanuxem : Rep. 3d Geol. Dist. N.Y. p. 182.
This species, which has usually been referred to the Genus Pentamerus,
is a true Meganteris. Fragments of it are not unfrequent in the Onondaga
limestone, but perfect specimens are rarely met with. It has much the form
of the elongated varieties of M. ovozdes of the Oriskany sandstone, but
appears to have been nearly destitute of radiating striz, or preserving only
faint traces of them, although the concentric wrinkles of growth are some-
times quite distinct. It resembles yet more closely Terebratula caiqua
(See DunKER und Von Meyrer, Palaont. u.s.w. dritter band, 4, tab.26,
f. 5); but instead of a round perforation in the beak of the ventral valve,
it appears to have been provided with a triangular foramen. This character,
however, may depend on the state of preservation or perfection of the
specimen.
Geological position and locality. Onondaga limestone of the Upper
Helderberg group, Onondaga and Ontario counties.
124 [ SenaTE
MEGANTERIS ELONGATUS.
~ 1
1S cnamaanemmendl
RHYNCHONELLA? ALVEATA (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL longitudinally oval or subrhomboidal, much longer than
wide, sloping from near the middle towards the prominent beak
at an angle of about 70° : dorsal valve trough-shaped, or having
a sinus so large as to involve its entire breadth below the mid-
dle; lateral margins along the upper half curving down, and
occupying broad undefined sinuosities on each side of the beak
in the cardinal border of the other valve : ventral valve trans-
versely arcuate, and almost wholly included in the prominent
rounded mesial fold, from which it slopes rather abruptly to
the lateral margins; beak extending beyond the opposite beak,
nearly straight. Surface smooth.
Geological position and locality. Onondaga limestone,
No. 109.] 125
RHYNCHONELLA GLANS-FAGEA (1. §.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suext broad ovate or subquadrate; sides sloping from near the
middle to the beaks at an angle of about 85°; front rounded :
dorsal valve the shorter, transversely arcuate or sloping from
the sides towards the middle, forming a shallow sinus involving
nearly the whole width of the shell; beak not Incurved : ven-
tral valve much the larger, very prominent and forming an
elliptic arch along the middle from beak to front, sloping at an
angle of about 80° towards the lateral margins; beak extended
beyond the opposite, arched or incurved so as to bring the apex
above the plane of the centre of the other valve. Surface smooth,
or with faint concentric lines of growth.
Geological position and locality. Schoharie grit, Albany and Schoharie
counties.
RHYNCHONELLA GLANS-FAGEA.
RHYNCHONELLA UNISULCATA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Atrypa unisuleata, Conrap : Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. N.Y. 1841, p. 56.
Suett subquadrangular, broader than long : dorsal valve rising
in the middle into an undefined mesial fold, along which a di-
stinct longitudinal sulcus extends quite to the apex of the beak ;
from this elevation the valve slopes laterally at an angle of about
90° quite to the anterior lateral extremities in front, but near
the cardinal margin it again curves upwards at the extremities
126 [ SenatE
of the hinge ; beak incurved : ventral valve convex, having
two prominent ridges extending at an angle of about 90° from
the beak to the anterior and lateral margins : the space between
these ridges is occupied by a very broad, deep, sloping mesial
sinus extending from the beak to the front, where it terminates
in a broad triangular extension ; beak closely incurved. Surface
smooth, or marked by faint lines of growth.
This remarkable shell differs so widely from any other species hitherto
found in our rocks, as to be at once recognized merely by its form. I have
placed it provisionally in the Genus Rhynchonella, not having yet had an
opportunity of seeing its internal characters.
|
RHYNCHONELLA INEQUIPLICATA (Nl. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL subquadrilateral, broader than long; hinge and area un-
known, apparently rounded at the lateral extremities : dorsal
valve the larger, convex, rising in the middle into an undefined
mesial fold ; entire surface marked by about twelve or thirteen
irregular bifurcating plications, three or four of which oecupy
the mesial elevation; beak distinctly incurved : ventral valve
most prominent near the umbo, depressed in the middle into a
shallow undefined sinus, which is occupied by three or four
smaller plications, and terminates in a short subangular projec-
tion. Finer surface markings unknown.
Of this rare species, I have yet only seen a single and somewhat mu-
tilated specimen. It appears to be quite distinct from all the other forms
known in our rocks.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg group, Western New-York : particular locality unknown.
No. 109.] 127
SPIRIFER GREGARIA.
Spirifer gregaria, Dr. CLarp in MSS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHett irregularly subglobose, longitudinally or transversely a
little oval; hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell, an-
gular or slightly rounded : dorsal valve the smaller, somewhat
semicircular, length about two-thirds the width, rising along
the middle into a prominent mesial fold, on each side of which
there are five to nine simple rounded plications; mesial eleva-
tion slightly flattened, or marked with a faint longitudinal de-
pressed line; beak rising a little above the hinge, more or less
incurved : ventral valve subquadrilateral, having a distinct
subangular sinus extending from the beak to the front, where it
terminates in a short subtriangular projection (fitting into a
corresponding depression in the front of the opposite valve) ;
on each side of the sinus, there are about six to ten rounded
plications; beak rising far above the hinge, extremely gibbous
and strongly incurved; foramen somewhat narrow triangular ;
area rather broad, sublinear, extending to the extremities of the
hinge line, distinctly arcuate. Surface ornamented by regular
subimbricating zigzag lamellee or lines of growth.
Geological position and locality. In the limestone of the Upper Hel-
derberg, rarely in Hastern New-York : common in Genesee and Hrie
counties, and in Ohio and Kentucky, in the same geological position.
SPIRIFER GRIERI (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suet transversely oval or subrhomboidal ; length about five-
sixths the breadth; valves nearly equal, more or less gibbous ;
hinge less than the greatest width of the shell, rounded at the
extremities : dorsal valve with a prominent angular mesial
fold extending from the beak to the front, marked with indistinct
plications, about three originating near the beak and bifurcating
once or twice before reaching the front, having on each side
about nine rounded simple plications; beak rising a little above
128 [ SENATE
the hinge : ventral valve most prominent near the umbo, having
about ten simple rounded plications on each side of the sinus,
in which are four to seven smaller bifurcating plications; beak
projecting above the opposite one, incurved ; foramen triangu-
lar ; area short, broad, triangular, strongly arcuate. Surface
marked by regular, strongly undulating, subimbricating lines
of growth, which are crossed by fine radiating strie, giving the
edges of the lamelle a fimbriated appearance.
This species is distinguished from most of the allied forms by its simple
strong plications on each side of the mesial fold and sinus, while those
occupying the same are smaller and bifurcating. Sometimes the middle
plication on the summit of the mesial fold is simple, in which case the fold
is quite angular ; while in other instances it bifurcates, leaving a longitu-
dinal depressed line on the middle, giving it a more rounded outline. It is
only on specimens which have suffered no injury by wearing or exfoliation,
that the fimbriate appearance of the concentric markings is visible.
Geological position and locality. Gray limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg group, near Columbus, and also near Sandusky, Ohio.
I am indebted to Judge Grizr of Dayton, Ohio, for this and other
specimens.
SPIRIFER MANNI (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suet triangular-semioval, very gibbous; hinge straight, equal to
the greatest width of the shell, angular at the extremities :
dorsal valve nearly semicircular, convex, having a distinct me-
sial fold which is depressed or faintly grooved along the middle,
giving the lateral margins great prominence; on each side of
the mesial elevation, about ten or eleven simple rounded plica-
tions ; beak and narrow area strongly incurved : ventral valve
extremely prominent at the umbo and sloping laterally, having
about eleven simple rounded plications on each side of the deep
smooth mesial depression ; beak not incurved ; foramen narrow;
area very wide, slightly arcuate. Surface unknown.
No. 109.] 129
A single specimen of this specics, from Columbus, Ohio, is much ex-
foliated ; the plications are more rounded, and the mesial fold less de-
pressed in the centre, than in specimens of similar general character from
New-York. The species has doubtless been originally marked by fine ra-
diating striz and concentric lincs of growth.
In many respects this shell resembles S. ewruéines of OWEN, but has a
greater convexity of the dorsal valve, with beak more prominent and in-
curved ; and it likewise has a narrower foramen, and only about half the
number of plications of that species.
Geological. position and locality. Upper Welderberg limestone of Wes-
tern New-York ? and near Columbus, Ohio. Dr. MANN.
|
SPIRIFER OWENI (0. 8.).
Pal: N.Y. Wol- iv.
Suext transversely oval, moderately gibbous; length about three-
fourths the breadth ; valves nearly equal; hinge nearly or quite
equal to the greatest width of the shell, angular or a little
rounded at the extremities; front nearly straight, sometimes a
little concave at the termination of the sinus : dorsal valve
transversely oblong, somewhat semicircular, having a smoothly
rounded mesial fold marked by a longitudinal depression down
the middle, sloping gently to the anterior and lateral margins,
but flattened a little near the extremities of the hinge, having
on each side of the mesial elevation about {fifteen simple sub-
angular plications ; beak rising somewhat above the hinge-line,
incurved ; area incurved : ventral valve most prominent near
the umbo, having sixteen or seventeen plications on each side;
mesial sinus somewhat deep, rounded, reaching from the beak
- to the front, where it terminates in a short rounded extension ;
beak prominent, projecting beyond the opposite, arched but not
incurved ; area high, arcuate, extending obliquely beyond the
beak of the dorsal valve. Surface retaining traces of very fine
radiating strive, which are crossed by stronger concentric lines
of growth.
This species is abundant at Louisville and other western localities. It
| Senate No. 109. ] 9
1320 {| SexaTe
has generally been referred to S. devicosta, LK. sp. (Teredratulites ostio-
latus, ScHLOT.), from which it differs nn being less gibbous, and having a
depressed line along the mesial elevation of the dorsal valve. It may be
easily distinguished from S. ewrutznes of OWEN, with which it is associated,
by its narrower and much more arcuate area and less angular plications.
Some specimens show remains of a faint nOnperece line along the centre
of each plication.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg : Falls of the Ohio, and vieinity. t
|
SPIRIFER VARICOSUS (D.S.}.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL subsemicircular, length less than half the width; hinge
equalling the greatest breadth of the shell, and terminating in
salient angles : dorsal valve marked on each side of the narrow
somewhat prominent mesial fold by about ten elevated, simple,
angular plications; mesial elevation abruptly elevated at the
sides, flattened or slightly depressed along the middle; beak
projecting little beyond the hinge, and, together with the narrow
area, Slightly incurved : ventral valve much the more convex,
most prominent at the umbo, having ten or twelve plications on
each side of the sinus, in the centre of which is sometimes a _
faint indication of a single plication; sinus distinctly defined to
the apex of the beak, which is pointed and slightly arched ;
area somewhat high and extending to the extremities of the
hinge, slightly arcuate; foramen narrow triangular. Surface
marked by regular distinct imbricating lines of growth, which
sometimes give a subnodose character to the plications.
This species differs from S. ewrutznes of OWEN, in being smaller and
more transverse, with more angular plications and stronger concentric lines
of growth; also in the greater prominence of the two plications bounding
the dorsal sinus of the present species, as well as the abrupt and angular
mesial fold.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg : Falls of the Ohio, and Charleston landing, Indiana.
No. 109.] 131
SPIRIFER SEGMENTUS (Ni. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL transversely semioval, less than half as long as broad ; hinge
equalling the greatest width of the shell, terminating in salient
angles : dorsal valve depressed-convex ; beak projecting slight-
ly beyond the hinge, scarcely incurved ; mesial fold narrow
depressed and rounded, not plicated : ventral valve the more
convex, most prominent at the beak, which is scarcely elevated
above the margin of the area and not incurved ; sinus shallow,
rounded and extended quite to the apex of the beak; area high,
nearly flat and slightly inclined towards:the front, transversely
striate; foramen narrow triangular. Surface ornamented by
twenty or more simple rounded plications on each side of the
mesial sinus and fold, the lateral ones of which do not reach
the beak, but run out along the margin of the area. Faint lines
and occasional stronger wrinkles of growth mark the shell con-
centrically.
This species is associated with the last, and may be distinguished from
that by its less elevated, smoother, and more numerous plications, and more
depressed and rounded mesial fold. It is also proportionally more transverse,
and has a flatter area as well as less distinct marks of growth.
This species may be confounded with S. owenz; but the area inclines
forward, instead of being vertical or slightly arcuate as in that species, and
the number of plications in a much smaller individual is fully equal or
greater than in the full-grown specimens cf that species.
Geological position and locality. In limestone of the age of the Upper
Helderberg group : Falls of the Ohio and Charleston landing, Indiana.
SPIRIFER ARCTISEGMENTUS (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SueLt transversely semioval, length less than one-third the
breadth ; hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell, and
terminating in mucronate points : dorsal valve depressed con-
vex, having about eight simple elevated angular plications on
132 [Senate
each side of the small] mesial fold; beak scarcely elevated above
the cardinal border, and, together with its linear area, incurved :
ventral valve the more convex, most prominent at the umbo,
from which it slopes regularly to the anterior lateral borders,
marked by about nine angular plications on each side of the
sinus, the lateral plications not reaching the beak, but coalescing
with a marginal ridge along the border of the area; mesial sinus
angular, and rather sharply defined quite to the apex of the
beak; area flat, rather high, transversely striated, obliquely
inclined from the hinge ; foramen very narrow ; beak scarcely
elevated above the margins of the area, not incurved. Surface
ornamented by fine undulating concentric lines of growth.
This shell may be distinguished from the last, as well as from other
somewhat allied forms, by its larger and more angular as well as less nu-
merous plications, and in having a distinct linear ridge along the margin
of ihe area of the ventral valve. Its foramen is likewise narrower, and the
sinus deeper and more angular than in S. segmentus.
Geological position and locality. Limestone of the Upper Helderberg:
Stafford, Genesee county.
®
|
SPIRIFER MACROTHYRIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suey large, transversely semioval, about twice as broad as long;
hinge nearly or quite equalling the greatest width of the shell,
angular or somewhat rounded at the extremities : dorsal valve
convex, rising in the middle into a narrow rounded mesial fold,
with eleven or twelve simple broadly rounded and slightly ele-
vated plications on each side ; beak extending but little beyond
the hinge, together with its narrow area distinctly incurved :
ventral valve the more depressed, plicated like the other, and
having a distinct somewhat broad mesial sinus, which becomes
much broader and deeper in front, imparting a sinuous outline
to the shell ; beak comparatively small, incurved ; area narrow,
somewhat abruptly arcuate above ; sides parallel, extending to
the extremities of the hinge; foramen large, broad triangular.
Surface marked by fine regular concentric lines of growth.
No. 109. ] 133
This is a fine robust species, remarkable for its comparatively narrow
arca, broad triangular foramen, and extended hinge. Some of the specimens
show traces of an indistinct plication in the middle of the mesial sinus of
the ventral valve, which would indicate the presence of a small longitudinal
depression on the mesial fold of the other valve; but the only specimens I
have yet seen are much worn, and the shell more or less exfoliated. There
were probably fine radiating striae, though no traces of them remain on
any of the specimens coming under my observation.
Geological posztion and locality. In limestone of the Urper Helderberg
group at Williamsville, Erie county, N.Y.; and in the same limestone
near Columbus, Ohio. Dr. MANN.
SSS
—_———
SPIRIFER DIVARICATUS.
Balls NOY” Velev.
Suet, somewhat semicircular, breadth nearly double the length ;
hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell, abruptly angular
at the extremities : dorsal valve imperfectly known : ventral
valve convex; mesial sinus broad, deep, becoming undefined at
the margins towards the front, rapidly narrowing and more
distinctly defined as it approaches the beak, ornamented by
numerous irregular bifureating somewhat angular plications, not
more than one-half or one-third of which reach the beak ; area
moderately wide, extending to the hinge extremities, arcuate,
transversely striate; foramen broad triangular; beak small,
incurved. Surface marked by fine obscure closely arranged
concentric strie.
This species has come under my observation only in the condition of
casts, or specimens so much exfoliated as to leave much doubt in regard to
the details of the finer surface markings. It occurs in the same locality with
the last described species, from whi-h it may at once be distinguished by
its more gibbous form, less extended hinge, broader area, and smaller as
well as bifurcating plications, which are as distinctly marked in the sinus
as upon the sides; a character preserved even in the casts.
Geological position and locality. In the limestone of the age of the
Upper Helderberg group at Williamsville, Eric county,
134 [ SenaTE
SPIRIFER MACRA.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL transverse : ventral valve presenting a subquadrangular
outline; hinge-line greatly extended, terminating in mucronate
points ; sides nearly straight and sloping abruptly to the mesial
sinus in front, the beak much elevated : dorsal valve smaller,
somewhat semicircular, convex in the middle, flattened or con-
cave towards the extremities, having a narrow abruptly elevated
mesial fold, on each side of which there are about six or seven
simple plications; beak scarcely incurved or elevated above
the hinge-line : ventral valve most prominent near the umbo, .
having a narrow and very distinct mesial sinus terminating in a
short round projection in front; plications about seven or eight
on either side, those bounding the sinus very prominent; beak
and upper part of the area arcuate, and projecting beyond the
cardinal: margin of the opposite valve; area moderate, and
sloping gradually from the beaks to the cardinal extremities.
Surface markings unknown.
Geological position and locality. In the limestones of the Upper Hel-
derberg group, Eric county.
SPIRIFER DISPARILIS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL small, semicircular, length more than half the width ; hinge
a little less than the greatest breadth of the shell, rounded at
the extremities : dorsal valve much the more depressed, marked
by five or six broad rounded plications, the middle one smaller
than those contiguous, and separated from them on each side
by a larger depression than those between the others; beak
scarcely incurved : ventral valve much the more convex, most
prominent at the umbo, marked by about five large plications,
of which one on each side of the sinus is larger and more ele-
vated ; beak arcuate; area moderate, sloping from the beaks to
the lateral extremities ; foramen conspicuous. Surface unknown.
Geological position and locality. In limestones of the Upper Helder-
berg group, Hrie county.
No. 109.] 135
SPIRIFER ACUMINATUS.
Delthyrts ecuminatus, Conran : a Geological Report of New-York,
39, p. 65.
Spirifer cultrijugatus, F. Ramer in Das Rheinische Uebergangsgebirge,
1844, pa. 70, pl.iv, f£.4a, b,c.
This well-marked and widely distributed American species has been
recognized by M. pe VERNEUIL and Dr. Romer as identical with S,
euliryugatus of Kurope. The species was, however, described by Mr.
ConrRAD five years before the European one.
This species was designated by the late Prof. A. Haron as Spiréfer
aliernatus ; but I have not been able to find any published description
of it. :
It occurs in the Upper Helderberg limestone, throughout, in New-York
and Qhio, and in Indiana and Kentucky in the continuation of the same
beds. It likewise occurs in the Hamilton group (See Spiréfer prora).
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE HAMILTON GROUP.
ORTHIS VANUXEMI (0. 8.)
Suett Circular or transversely a little oval, compressed ; hinge-
line very short; margins of the valves crenulated within ;
interior minutely punctate : dorsal valve depressed-convex ;
beak scarcely distinct from the cardinal border, not incurved ;
teeth and dental process prominent : ventral valve nearly flat,
or a little concave towards the front, slightly convex in the
umbonal region ; beak small, extending little beyond that of the
other valve, arched but not incurved ; area very small, scarcely
equalling more than one third the greatest breadth of the shell,
arcuate; foramen comparatively large, triangular, and partly
filled by the dental process of the other valve; teeth prominent.
Surface ornamented by fine, closely arranged, radiating tubular
strie, which are perforate at intervals and increase both by
es ee
136 | SENATE
implantation and bifurcation, crossed by.very fine indistinct
concentric lines and occasional more distinct concentric imbri-
cating marks of growth; entire surface granulate or punctate
under a magnifier.
This species is so nearly like O. michilina of LevEILe, that it is very
dificult to point out characters by which they may be distinguished, espe-
cially until that species is better defined. From the figures of that species,
ours presents considerable differences in the vascular impression and dental
processes. The minute granulations or punctee upon the exterior surface
present characters which are not noticed in the descriptions and figures, so
far as I have observed.
The minutely tubular strix are characteristic of so many species of O7-
this, that it appears to me this character can be of no value in distinguishing
species, unless its peculiarities are pointed out. A single European specimen
of Orthis michilina, from the Carboniferous rocks of Belgium, in my:
cabinet, presents a more elongated and less gibbous form, a flattening along
the centre of the dorsal valve, and a proportionally more extended area.
Geological position and locality. In the shales aud shaly sandstones of
the Hamilton group in Hastern and Central New-York, and more abun-
dantly in the western part of the State. It likewise occurs in the soft sand-
stones of the age of the Chemung group in Eastern Ohio. Some smali and
poorly developed specimens of Orthzs in the shales of the Hamilion group
in Iowa closely resemble this species; but the rotund and gibbous forms
never appear there, and the identity of the two is not determined.
4 i :
UT HN i .
SS a i iy ANN i ,
a } ms ag
ORTHIS VANUXEMI.
No. 109.] 137
ORTHIS PERVERSA (1. 8.).
SHELL unsymmetrically subelliptical in outline, much wider than
long; valves unequally convex ; area large and confined to the
ventral valve, extending to the hinge extremities; hinge-line
shorter than the greatest width of the shell : dorsal valve most
convex near the umbo or above the centre of the shell, and
sloping somewhat abruptly to the hinge-line ; extremities
rounded : ventral valve most convex at the beak, which is
slightly arcuate and often distorted, depressed below; area
nearly vertical; foramen closed. Surface marked by distant
elevated strie, which bifurcate several times before reaching the
‘margin, as well as increase by interstitial addition ; concentri-
cally marked by closely arranged undulating lines of growth.
This shell is of the type of Orthis umbraculum, and presents the ir-
regularities of form common on that shell. Among the specimens examined,
there are no symmetrical forms ; both valves shewing some slight degree
of distortion, which appears to have been the normal condition of the shell.
The species is readily distinguished among other species of the Hamilton
group, even by fragments of the shell from the unsymmetrical form, the
distant radiating strize, and the concentric striz, which are closely arranged,
abruptly undulating between the strong radiating striz.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group,
Erie county, N.Y.
————_
a)
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) DEMISSA.
Strophomena demissa, Conrap : Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1842, Nat ae
pa. 258, pl. 14, f.1
Sueit semielleptical, usually wider than high (length and breadth
often nearly equal); hinge-line equal to, greater or less than the
width of the shell, abruptly contracted below the hinge extre-
mities which are often auriculate : ventral valve very regularly
convex, sometimes gibbous, greatest elevation nearly central :
dorsal valve moderately concave, rarely following the convexity
of the opposite valve; area conspicuous, wide, sublinear, that
of the ventral valve arcuate, that of the dorsal valve convex
138 IL SENATE
and often divided into two equal parts by an elevated line along
the centre; entire area strongly striated transversely, and more
slightly in a longitudinal direction; inner edges strongly crenu-
lated. Surface marked by numerous crowded strie, about nine
or ten of which are much stronger and more elevated near the
beak of the ventral valve, with finer ones between and on either
side ; striz frequently increasing by interstitial addition and
bifurcation, until they become very numerous and much finer at
the margin; striz of dorsal valve similar to those of the ventral |
valve. In well preserved specimens, fine concentric strie mark
the entire surface, but the greater number of specimens do not
preserve these markings. 4
The interior of the ventral valve presents a double foliate
vascular impression without dividing ridge between; ligamental
pits of the adductor muscles strongly marked, and situated
close under the arch of the hinge, and separated by a smooth
space from the vascular impressions : hinge, upon the under side
of the projecting area, and in the place of the foramen, fur-
nished with a double dental process which articulates with the
teeth of the other valve : dorsal valve with the pits of the ad- .
ductor muscles near the hinge-line, and just below the inner
margin of the hinge furnished with a double tooth, somewhat
crescent-shaped, with the horns enlarged and indented at the
extremities.
This process of articulation would leave a small circular space between
the projecting portions of the teeth of the two valves, but the margins ot
the valves in well preserved specimens are absolutely close and continuous.
I have seen, in some specimens, evidence of a minute pore at the apex of
the ventral valve, but in many well preserved specimens this does not
appear.
The character of the vascular impression, and the mode of articulation
of the hinge, and absence of foramen, in this species, are all so different
from the typical forms of Strophomena, that I proposed in 1850 the name
of Strophodonta.
At the time of writing the description originally, I had had no opportu-
nity of knowing fully the character of the interior of the valves as here
shown in the typical species. I am now satisfied that a crenulated hinge-line,
alone, is not sufficient to distinguish the species of this genus; but when we
have, united with that character, the entire area and absence of foramen,
a
No. 109.] 3 139
with the structure of hinge here described, it seems to me sufficient ground
for separation. I should not omit to mention, that in far the larger number
of specimens of the S. demissa, the centre of the area of the ventral valye
with the dental process is broken; and though I have a large number of
specimens in which the two valves are united, and also many separate valves,
it is only in one or two specimens that these dental processes of the ventral
valve are perfectly preserved. This fractured condition of the area may
produce the impression that a foramen has once existed, from its analogy
with shells having that character.
In two or three other specics having entire areas, I have found internal
characters corresponding so nearly with those of S. demissa, that I can
have no doubt of their relations; and in the absence of better means of de-
termination, I have placed all species having the area without visible fo-
ramen, or deltidium, in this genus.
In the descriptions of preceding species, it is quite possible that some
true Strophomena have been included under the generic designation of
STROPHODONTA, and the language has not always been sufficiently definite;
the foramen being spoken of as closed when none has existed. For the
present the name of StRoPHODONTA is given as a subgenus, but which I
regard as corresponding in value to either of the other subdivisions, Lzp-
THNA.or STROPHOMENA.
Geological position and locality. This species occurs abundantly in the
Hamilton group of Western New-York, and at Rock Island, Illinois ;
New-Buffalo, Iowa, and at other localities in the same neighborhood. The
specimens from Iowa and Illinois are always much less convex than those
of New-York, many of them being depressed and nearly plano-convex in
form.
STROPHOMENA DEMISSA.
140 [ Senate
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) CONCAVA (n.§.).
Suetu large, concavo-convex, hemispherical ; hinge crenulated,
generally less than the greatest breadth of the shell : én
valve regularly and profoundly concave : ventral valve strongly
convex; area broad linear; margins nearly parallel, strongly
striate vertically, a little arcuate; foramen none. Surface or-
namented by rather abruptly angular distant elevated radiating
strie, which always increase by implantation, and are crossed
by fine regular closely arranged elevated concentric lines. Where
worn or partly exfoliate, the shell is finely punctate.
This species resembles somewhat S. demzssa, with which it is associated ;
but differs in being more deeply concave, and in generally having the hinge
shorter in proportion to the breadth of the shell : the striz are also pro-
portionally smaller and much more distant, especially near the beaks.
When well preserved, the striz are sbruptly prominent upon the body of
the shell, and sharply crenulated by the concentric lines, which are less
conspicuous in the spaces between the striz.
The shell varies much in its convexity, and is often somewhat ieraunlae
ly ridged or plicated in the direction of the striae.
Geological position and locality. Seneca lake, Moscow, York, and
many other localities in Western New-York.
STROIHOMENA CONCAVA.
No. 109.] 141
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) TEXTILIS (0. 8.).
Suet very thin, semioval, sometimes longer than wide, much
compressed ; hinge about equal to the greatest breadth, nearly
rectangular at the extremities : dorsal valve scarcely concave:
ventral valve flat, or very slightly convex; area linear, striated
vertically, and marked by a narrow linear callosity in place
of the foramen. Surface marked by slender distant elevated
radiating striz, which increase by interstitial addition : spaces
between the striae marked by extremely fine radiating lines,
which are crossed by minute closely arranged concentric strie.
This shell differs from the preceding in its nearly flat ventral valve and
less prominent radiating striz, while the concentric strize are very con-
spicuous on the surface between the coarser ones. There are from four to
twelve finer radiating striz between the coarser ones, which become less
conspicuous towards the beak.
The alternations of the striz are not unlike those of Strophomena in-
terstitialis ( PHILLIPS), and S. inequistrzata (CONRAD); but the flattened
STROPHOMENA TEXTILIS,
142 | SENATE
form and large size of the shell are sufficient to distinguish it from these
species. ;
Geological position and locality. In the Hamilton group : Highteen-
mile ereek, Seneca and Canandaigua lakes, ete.
|
STROPHOMENA ( STROPHODONTA) INEQUISTRIATA.
Strophomena inequistriata [?] Conran: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1842, Vol.
viii, pa. 254, pl. 14, f. 2.
Strophomena inequistriata, Hatt: Geol. Rep. 4th Dist. 1848, pa. 200, f. 4. _
Compare Orthis interstrialis, Purutirs ; Pal. Fossils, 1839, pa. 61, pl. 25,
f. 108, a, b, ec, d
SHELL semicircular or semioval in outline; hinge-line extended
beyond the width of the shell, acute, sometimes auriculate :
dorsal valve moderately concave : ventral valve more or less
gibbous in the middle, abruptly arched towards the hinge-line,
and often depressed-convex at the summit or umbo, more gra-
dually sloping towards the base and abruptly contracted at the
cardinal extremities; beak small, scarcely prominent on the
hinge-line; area narrow, linear, extending to the extremities of
the hinge-line, striated vertically with the inner margins crenu-
late; foramen none, a slight linear elevation extending across
the area; area of dorsal valve scareely more than half as wide
as the other, and having, in very perfect specimens, a narrow
elevated ridge crossing it in continuation of that of the opposite
valve. Surface of the entire shell marked by slender distant
elevated striz, which are increased by interstitial addition, and
the spaces occupied by much finer closely arranged strize, which
are scarcely visible to the naked eye; transversely marked by
fine concentric striz.
This species bears such close resemblance to the figures of Professor
PHILLIPS cited above, that inmy Report on the Fourth Geological District
of New-York, I regarded the two as identical. I have, however, some
doubts of the propriety of this reference. It is indeed somewhat uncertain
whether the identification with Mr. Conrap’s species is correct. His de-
’ and the figure re-
scription mentions ‘‘ sharp radii alternating in size ;’
presents the striae as alternately larger and smaller, but without any in-
dication of fascicles of finer strie between the stronger ones. I am there-
No. 109.] 143
fore in doubt as to the correctness of the original reference of this shell.
This species differs much in the convexity of the ventral valve; being
sometimes extremely gibbous, and in other individuals very moderately
convex. The area is subject to some slight variations in width, perhaps
owing to compression. The general character of the surface of the convex
valve is much like that of good specimens of Strophomena alternata of the
Trenton limestone, but it does not appear to be subject to such extreme
variations in respect to the stria. It resembles very closely, in its surface
markings, the S. fextzlis; but is always a smaller shell, has a more ex-
tended hinge-line, and is never so flat as that species.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group:
Shores of Seneca and Cayuga lakes, Canandaigua lake, Moscow, Geneseo,
ete.
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) FRAGILIS (Nn. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL semioval ; hinge-line often extended beyond the width of
the shell ; margins a little contracted below the hinge extremi-
ties : dorsal valve scarcely concave : ventral valve very slight-
ly convex, or nearly flat; area very narrow, linear, almost
entirely formed by the ventral valve, striated vertically, and
crenulate on the inner edges throughout the entire length ; fo-
ramen none. Surface covered by minute closely arranged ra-
diating strie; and these are crossed by fine concentric lines,
which become very prominent on the radiating striz of the
ventral valve, giving a minutely nodulose or granulate character
to the entire surface when well preserved. The radiating striz
of the dorsal valve are more evenly rounded, and increase
mainly by bifurcation (while those of the opposite valve increase
by interstitial additions), and are crossed by even, raised, con-
centric lines which produce no granulations upon the surface.
The dorsal valve is frequently marked by faint concentric un-
dulating wrinkles; while the ventral valve often presents some
short oblique folds just below the hinge-line, and very rarely a
few short interrupted scarcely perceptible undulations upon the
general surface.
Vascular impressions of the ventral valve double, foliate,
without central dividing ridge, margined by a slightly elevated
ridge on each side for a short distance below the hinge-line.
!
————————EEEeEeEeEeEeEPE ore
144 [ SENATE
This shell may be recognized by its excessive tenuity and the extremely
narrow space between the two valves, which seems scarcely greater than
the thickness of the shell. There is no appearance of a foramen in the
veutral valve, or of the closing of one by a deltidium; but in place of it
are two prominent dental processes on the inner side. Numerous separate
ventral valves have been seen, but, up to the present time, we do not know
the interior of the dorsal valve. From the character of the area, absence
of foramen, and form of vascular impressions, it seems strictly referable
to the Genus Strophodonta. )
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group
in Central and Western New-York; and also in considerable numbers in
the shales of the same age at Rock island, Illinois, and at New-Buffalo in
Towa.
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) NACREA (0. §.).
Suet small, semicircular, having a brilliant metallic (or coppery
nacreous ) lustre; hinge crenulated, equalling the greatest
breadth, and terminating in more or less distinct angles : dorsal
valve concave : ventral valve convex, flattened at the extremi-
ties, depressed -convex in the umbonal region, and abruptly
arched towards the front ; beak very small and depressed ;
area rather narrow, having no foramen. Surface apparently
smooth, but showing under a lens very faint concentric lines of ©
growth, with sometimes obscure traces of radiating lines : whole
interior, excepting the muscular impressions, studded with
prominent scattering granules or papille. The crenulations of
the hinge-line are rather distant, but quite conspicuous.
Fragments, even, of this species may be always distinguished from its
associates, by the peculiar metallic lustre.
This species bears some resemblance to Orthis lepzs of BRONN ; but is
much less distinctly striated than well-preserved specimens of that shell,
and the crenulations of the hinge-line are less numerous, as well as the
hinge-line less proportionally extended. The generally smooth surface and
strong lustre of the two, in specimens before me, give a similar external
appearance, which is not confirmed by a comparison of the details.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group : Town of Darien,
Genesee county.
No. 109.] 145
STROPHOMENA (STROPHODONTA) SUBDEMISSA (01. 8.).
SuetL, when young, semicircular, having the hinge equal to the
greatest breadth, and terminating in distinct angles; in older
individuals the form is subcircular, with the hinge less than the
greatest breadth, and obtusely angular or rounded at the ex-
tremities : dorsal valve regularly and distinctly concave ; area
rather wide : ventral valve regularly convex; beak very small,
and scarcely distinct from the cardinal margin ; area broad,
arcuate and considerably inclined over the hinge, marked by
rather strong radiating striee, which probably form crenulations
along the hinge-line; no distinct foramen. Surface ornamented
by radiating stria, which are distinet near the beak, and bifur-
cate so frequently as to diminish in size towards the border ;
they also increase in number by implantation : these are crosssed
by distant concentric wrinkles of growth. There were doubtless
also fine concentric strie, which have been obliterated by
wearing on the only specimens I have seen.
Very much like Strophodonta demissa, but has a wider area and the
striz less distinct near the beak : it may be only a variety of that species.
Geological positon and locality. Hamilton group : Shore of Lake
Erie, Maumee river.
CHONETES GIBBOSA (N.8.).
SHELL semicircular; hinge equalling the greatest breadth, and
nearly rectangular at the extremities : dorsal valve unknown:
ventral valve very convex in the middle and umbonal regions,
compressed at the extremities of the hinge ; beak incurved ;
cardinal margins having (three?) long slender spines on each
side of the beak, which are directed outwards (almost in a line
with the hinge?). Surface ornamented by distinct, round, closely
arranged strie, which increase both by implantation and bifur-
cation; of these, about forty-two to forty-four may be counted
at the border : fine undulating lines of growth traverse the
shell in the other directicn.
[ Senate No. 109.] 10
146 | SENATE
In some respects this shell resembles C. nana, but the striz are more
regular and stronger : in the only specimens I have seen showing the spines,
these appendages are directed outwards almost at right angles to the lon-
gitudinal axis of the shell. It is barely possible, however, that this may be
due to accident. In the oblique direction of the spines, it resembles C. .
koninckana of Nonwoopd and Pratren ; but it differs remarkably from
that shell, in the greater convexity of the ventral valve : it also has more
numerous striz, ete. A rare species.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group : York, Livingston
county.
|
CHONETES CORONATA.
Sirophomena carinata (Scr. coronata), Conran, 1842 : Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. Vol. viii, p. 257.
Not S.carinata, Conrad : Rep. Pal. N.Y. 1839, p. 64.
Compare C.tuomeyi, Norwoop and Prarren, Jour. Acad. Sci. Phil., Vol.
ili, new ser., pa. 80, pl. 2, f.9.
SHELL transversely oval or nearly semicircular ; hinge not quite
equalling the greatest breadth, obtusely angular at the extremi-
ties : dorsal valve concave; area narrow and inclined obliquely
towards the front of the shell, having in the middle a small but
projecting dental process : ventral valve convex, most gibbous
in the central and umbonal regions, depressed at the extremities,
sometimes faintly sinuate down the middle ; beak small, and
scarcely projecting beyond the cardinal margin ; area rather
narrow, distinctly arcuate ; foramen small, broadly triangular,
generally closed by a convex deltidium, and occupied below
by the prominent dental process of the other valve ; cardinal
margin having five tubular spines on each side of the beaks, the
lateral of which is removed from the extremity of the hinge,
and those nearest the beak are very small or mere granules.
Surface ornamented by aistinct elevated strie, of which about
fourteen may be counted near the beaks, but which bifurcate
as they approach the front, so that the number is increased to
about one hundred at the border (on large specimens) : crossed
by extremely fine closely arranged concentric strie.
This species. agrees exactly with ConRap’s figure and description of
No. 109.] 147
Strophomena carénata, and some of the specimens before me are from the
same locality and position as those investigated by him. I am inclined to
think there must have been a typographical error in printing the name of
this species in the Journal of the Academy, both because there is no
carina about the shell, and because Mr. ConrapD had previously (1839)
applied that name te a shell supposed to belong to the same genus.
I am much inclined to think our shell is identical with C. maclurea of
Norwoop and Pratren. Their figures and description agree very nearly
with specimens of this species of the same size as those they figure, excepting
that their shell appears to have had one spine more on each side of the beaks.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group : Seneca lake shore,
Moscow, etc.
CHONETES CORONATA.
* CHONETES SCITULA (n.8.).
‘SHeEtx small, semicircular ; hinge not quite equalling the greatest
breadth, obtusely angular at the extremities : dorsal valve
coneave ; area narrow, inclined forwards from the hinge-line,
having a small projecting dental process in the centre : ventral
valve convex in the middle, depressed at the extremities: beak
small, slightly convex ; area narrow and arcuate, having five
tubular spines along the margin on each side of the beak, of
which the two or three inner ones are very small or mere gra-
nules, while the outer two are larger and a little removed from
the extremities of the hinge ; foramen small, broad triangular,
closed above by a convex deltidium, and below by the strongly
projecting dental process of the other valve. Surface ornamented
by distinct abruptly rounded striz, of which twelve to eighteen
may be counted near the beaks; but from the bifurcation and
intercalation of others between these, the number is increased
on the margin to about fifty or sixty. Traces of concentric strie
are obscurely visible on all the specimens before me, and in
some instances they may be quite conspicuous.
148 | SENATE
This species resembles the C. coronata very much, but is smaller, and
scarcely ever shows any traces of a sinus on the ventral valve. It is also
very near C. nana, with which it has been considered identical : it differs,
however, from that species as described by DE VERNEUIL, in having one
or two more spines on each side of the beak, and the greater inequality of
the areas of the two valves, that of the dorsal or concave valve of our shell
being not more than half as broad as that of the ventral valve. The much
greater number of striz is also a distinguishing feature.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group : Cayuga lake, and
other localities in Western New-York.
CHONETES LEPIDA (Nn. 8.).
Suett very small, nearly semicircular ; hinge equalling the
greatest breadth, rectangular at the extremities : dorsal valve
concave; area linear, leaving a small projecting dental process
in the middle : ventral valve convex in the central regions,
depressed at the extremities; area rather narrow, arcuate; fo-
ramen closed above by a convex deltidium, extending about
half way down, occupied below by the prominent dental
process of the other valve. Surface ornamented by distinct,
rather strong strie, of which about ten or eleven may be
counted near the beaks, but the number is augmented chiefly
by intercalation, so that about twenty may be counted round
the margin : no concentric strie visible. Two of the strie on
each side of the centre near the beak of the ventral valve are
larger and more prominent than the others; the space between
them is depressed, and oecupied by two or three smaller strie,
which are given off from the larger ones on each side. The
larger striz are more prominent near the beak than on any other
part of the valve, and give almost a bicarinate aspect to the
umbo, with a distinct sinus between, which becomes obsolete
near the base of the shell.
This species can be readily distinguished by the small size, the two
larger strize and the sinus in the middle. Three or four tubular spines may
be counted on each side of the beak, the outer ones of which are nearly
vertical to the hinge line.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group : Shore of Cayuga
Lake.
No. 109.] 149
CHONETES DEFLECTA (0. s.).
Suett subhemispherical; hinge rather less than the greatest
breadth, obtusely angular, or a little contracted at the extremi-
ties : dorsal valve concave; area linear, and having in the mid-
dle a small projecting process : ventral valve convex, ‘gibbous
over the central and umbonal regions, depressed at the extre-
mities; area of medium breadth, arcuate, and extending ob-
liquely upwards; foramen narrow, triangular, partly or entirely
closed by its pseudo-deltidium and the dental process of the
other valve; cardinal margin garnished by four or five tubular
spines. Surface ornamented by distinct and prominent radial
strie which number about fifteen to twenty near the beak, but
which increase by intercalation and bifurcation to about thirty
to thirty-two at the border : extremely fine closely arranged
concentric strie may be seen by the aid of a good lens. Surface
near the lateral extremities smooth or with slight radiating
undulations, with more distinct concentric strie, which are
likewise often more conspicuous on the concave than on the
convex valve. ;
Resembles C. gébbosa, but is not so convex on the umbo of the ventral
valve, and is less strongly arched : it is also less extended on the hinge,
and has fewer and more elevated striz. The bifurcation and implantation
of strize usually take place upon the upper half of the shell, and the striz
are often quite simple below the first third of the shell. The hinge extre-
mities are not unfrequently bent downward or toward the umbo of the
ventral valve.
This species, in its general aspect, resembles the young shells of T'ro-
pidoleptus carinatus ; but the striz are more numerous.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group:
Canandaigua lake shore.
——— se
CHONETES PUSILLA (N. 8.).
Suett small, nearly semicircular; hinge about equalling the
greatest breadth, rather obtusely angular at the extremities :
dorsal valve concave ; area unknown : ventral valve gibbous
150 [ SENATE
in the central and umbonal regions, compressed at the extremi-
ties ; area unknown. Surface ornamented by indistinct rounded
radiating strie, which are obsolete near the extremities; of these
strie about twelve to fifteen may be counted near the beaks,
but in passing towards the front they occasionally bifureate, |
and others are implanted between, so that at the border the
whole number amounts to near thirty. Extremely fine and very
obscure concentric striz are also visible under a Jens, on un-
worn parts of the shell.
This little Chonetes has generally been referred to C. nana, which it
resembles very nearly in size and form; but it differs in averaging from
about ten to fifteen strize less than we usually see on that species ; the
striz are also much more depressed and rounded than those of C. nana.
Unfortunately none of the specimens I have seen give a clear idea of the
spines. I have as yet seen but two remaining bases of spines on each side
of the beak, though there may have been one or two more. The strize
usually bifurecate near the beak or on the upper half of the shell, so that
they appear at first view to be simple; and in some specimens there is no
bifurcation or interstitial addition of striae below the upper third of the
shell, so that it presents the aspect of a shell with simple rounded striz.
Geological position and locality. In the limestones of the aze of the
Hamilton group, associated with C. coronata and Tropidoleptus carinatus:
Devil’s Bake-oven, Illinois.
eee
CHONETES SETIGERA.
se
Strophomena setigera, Haut : Geol. Rep. 4th Dist. N.Y. 1848, p. 180.
This species occurs in the Marcellus shale and Hamilton group of New-
York, in great numbers. It occurs in various states of preservation, some-
times extremely flattened in the thinly laminated dark shale, and more
convex in the calcareous portions of the group. The specimens preserve
from thirty-two to forty striz on the borders of the shell, and some indi-
viduals perhaps a few more. The cardinal tubular spines are nearly
vertical to the hinge-line, and in well preserved specimens are equal in
length to half the height of the shell or even longer.
This species is often referred to Chonetes nana of DE VERNEUIL, and
corresponds more nearly with that species than any other known to me in
the State of New-York.
No. 109.] 151
The original specimens of this species are in a thinly laminated black
shale, and much compressed. Other specimens in more calcarcous shales
are more convex, and sometimes gibbous. There are also gradations in size
and number of strize, which incline me to regard this species as possibly
identical with C. scétuda, notwithstanding the wide differences of character
in many individuals. A large number of individuals are required for the
determination of this question.
Geological position and locality. In the black shales (Marcellus shales)
at the base of the Hamilton group, and in the higher shale of the same,
and in the Genesee slate which succeeds that group.
TROPIDOLEPTUS CARINATUS.
Strophomena carinata, Conrap : Ann. Geol. Rep. 1839, p. 64.
Leptena laticosta, Haru, 1848.
Leptena laticosta of OwEn and others.
SHELL transversely oval; hinge straight, not crenulated, generally
a little less than the greatest breadth of the shell, rounded or
very obtusely angular at the extremities; sides broadly rounded;
basal margin slightly sinuous : dorsal valve concave, having a
shallow mesial sinus, which is broad in front but continues
above the middle of the shell as a narrow groove, not Jarger than
those between the other costz; beak very small, projecting be-
yond the hinge-line, straight or curving slightly outward; dental
process extended beyond the hinge-line : ventral valve convex,
slightly flattened and contracted toward the extremities, gibbous
above the centre and in the umbonal region; beak obtuse and
truncated by the foramen ; area distinct, variable in width,
extending to the cardinal extremities, longitudinally striated,
limited entirely to the ventral valve; foramen very broad,reaching
to the beak and having a semicircular outline above, more or
less closed by the prominent dental processes of the opposite
valve. Plications usually simple and rounded, about eighteen to
twenty on each valve, the middle one on the ventral valve
being larger and more elevated than the others, so as to form a
small mesial fold or carina. Surface ornamented by very fine
distinct concentric strie, presenting under a magnifier a very
fine textile style of ornament : substance of the shell punctate
throughout.
152 [ SENATE
In some instances the cost bifurcate, and the central one on the ventral
valve more frequentiy presents this character. Specimens from certain Jo-
calities show a scarcely perceptible difference in the size of the costz, and
no central carination.
This species is quite peculiar, having no representative as far as at pre-
sent known in any of our formations, and may be regarded as the type of
a distinct genus. It is likewise very closely allied to those forms which I
have designated under the name of Leptocelia.
This species has been described by several authors as Leptena latzcosta,
and accredited to Mr. Conran. This name was originally proposed by the
writer, to obviate the confusion arising from the circumstance of two species
having been described by Mr. Conrap under the name of Strophomena
carinata : the first in the Annual Geological Report of New-York, 1839;
and the second in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science, in 1842.
Among some original drawings and manuscripts recently reccived from Mr.
ConraD, I find the latter designated under the name S. coronata, and the
name S. ca7znata is simply a typographical error as I had always suspected.
This species proves to he a Chonetes (C. coronata), and the original Siro-
phomena carinata of Mr. ConRAD will form the type of the Genus Tro-
PIDOLEPTUS.
This species has been recognized in Europe, and is published under the
name of Leptena laticosta in the Bulletin de la Soc. Géol. de France,
Tome iv, pa. 320, pl. 3; but it is there represented as having about thirty-
two plications, a number much greater than any of our specimens, and it
may not unlikely prove a distinct specics of the same generic type.
Geological position and locality. In the Hamilton group in Schoharie
county, and at Highteen-mile creek on Lake Erie; upon the shores of
Seneca, Cayuga and Canandaigua lakes, extending in fact throughout the
entire breadth of the State from near the Hudson river on the east, to Lake
Erie on the west. It likewise occurs in rocks of the same age in Illinois
and Lowa.
TROPIDOLEPTUS CARINATUS.
No. 109.] 153
SPIRIGERA SPIRIFEROIDES.
Terebratula spiriferoides, Eaton : Silliman’s Journal, 1831, Vol. xxi, p. 187;
Geol. Text-book, p. 46, 1832.
Atrypa concentrica, Conran (not ZT. concentrica, Bronn) ; Ann. Rep. N.Y.
1838, p. 111, 112.
A, concentrica : Final Rep. 4th Dist. N.Y., p. 198, f. 5.
SHELL varying from transversely oval to suborbicular ; young
individuals rather compressed, adult specimens gibbous; hinge
nearly straight, but rounded at the extremities : dorsal valve
generally a little more convex than the other, most prominent
near the middle, elevated in front into a broad rounded unde-
fined mesial fold, which is usually indistinct, but sometimes
strongly elevated near the border ; beak and umbonal region
not extending much above the hinge line : ventral valve most
convex near the beak. depressed in front into a shatlow rounded
sinus, which is sometimes faintly indicated nearly to the beak,
and occasionally very deep at the border; beak small, not pro-
jecting far beyond that of the other valve, lying close against
it but scarcely incurved, perforated by a small round aperture.
Surface marked by distinct concentric imbricating lamelle of
growth.
This species has generally been referred to Terebratula ( Spirigera )
concentrica of BRONN, from which it differs in the straightness of its hinge
and much less prominent beak. It also presents other slight but constant
differences of form, the broadest part being almost always a little above
the middle, while in S. concentrica it is generally a little below it. The
lamellze are likewise more distinctly imbricated in our shell than in S.
concentrica. A comparison of the European specimens with American ones
has shown the propriety of separating them, and of adopting the name given
by Prof. Haron in 1831.
SPIRIGERA SPIRIFEROIDES.
154 | Senate
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group:
rarely in Hastern New-York, more common in the central and very abun-
dant in the western part of the State, and particularly on the shore of
Lake Erie at Highteen-mile creek.
SPIRIFER FORMOSA (N.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suett somewhat semicircular, two-thirds to four-fifths as long as
broad, moderately ventricose; hinge equal to the greatest
width of the shell, slightly salient at the extremities; valves
about equal : dorsal valve regularly convex, having a flattened
mesial fold, on each side of which there are from fifteen to
seventeen rounded plications ; beak incurved : ventral valve
most prominent uear the umbo; mesial sinus shallow, flat in
the middle, and distinctly limited by the adjacent plications ;
beak somewhat prominent, arched or incurved ; area moderately
high, arcuate, sloping from the beak to the extremities of the
hinge ; foramen distinct, wider than high. Surface marked by
fine regular concentric strie, which arch upwards in crossing
the mesial fold : faint traces are sometimes seen of extremely
fine radiating strie.
This is a neat symmetrical species, with a gracefully curved outline and
salient angles. In profile, the beak of the ventral valve projects but little
beyond that of the dorsal valve. The mesial fold, which is usually flat in
the middle and lower part of the shell, is distinctly grooved along the
centre in the upper part, and this depression sometimes continues to the
base.
Geological posttion and locality. In limestone of the age of the Ha-
milton group : Illinois.
SPIRIFER FORNACULA (DN. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suew (dorsal side) nearly semicircular, from two-thirds to three
fourths as long as wide; hinge equalling the greatest width of
No. 109. | 155
the shell, angular at the extremities : dorsal valve convex, but
much more compressed than the opposite ; mesial fold narrow,
abruptly elevated, flattened or slightly grooved in the middle ;
beak unknown : ventral valve very prominent at the umbo,
from which it slopes abruptly to the margins; mesial sinus
narrow, deeply impressed ; sides sloping; base flat; beak un-
known; area high, triangular, slightly arcuate ; foramen nar-
row, finely striate longitudinally and transversely. Surface or-
namented by about eighteen to twenty simple, regular, rounded
plications on each side of the mesial fold and sinus, concentri-
cally marked by fine closely arranged lines of growth.
The specimens of this species in my possession are somewhat imperfect;
a single individual with both valves attached has the beaks imperfect. The
beak of the dorsal valve projected beyond the plane of the area of the
opposite valve : the high area of the ventral valve is slightly arched near
the beak.
There is much general resemblance between this species and the S.
eurutines of OWEN, but the beak of the ventral valve is more arcuate,
the plications finer, and the mesial sinus and fold more angular.
Geological position and locality. In limestones of the age of the Ha-
milton group : Illinois.
SPIRIFER FORNAX (N.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
- SHELL semicircular, width a little more than twice the length ;
hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell, angular at the
extremities : dorsal valve depressed-convex, having a narrow
depressed rounded mesial fold, sloping from the beak very ab-
ruptly with a slight curve to the front and sides : ventral valve
having the sinus moderately broad, shallow and rounded ; beak
scarcely arched ; area high, slightly arcuate, and inclined a little
backwards over the hinge-line; foramen somewhat narrow.
Surface marked by fifteen to eighteen simple rounded plications
on each side of the mesial fold and sinus.
156 | SENATE
I have ssen this species only in the form of casts, or with a portion of
the shell adhering. It resembles S. fornacula, from the same geological 3
position ; but it is a much larger shell, with fewer plications and a more
shallow and less angular sinus. The arca of the present species is propor-
tionally less elevated. In general form it bears a resemblance to S. macro-
nota, but the plications are stronger and fewer than in that species, and
the area is proportionally higher and more arcuate.
Geological posttion and locality. Limestones of the age of the Hamil-
ton group : Illinois.
SPIRIFER WORTHENI (N.S8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL transversely oval, very gibbous, length more than two-thirds
the width; hinge equalling the greatest breadth of the shell;
extremities salient : dorsal valve semicircular, gibbous, distinct-
ly arcuate longitudinally, rising in the middle into a very pro-
minent rounded fold; beak and area incurved : ventral valve
very convex in the region of the umbo, having a deep rounded
sinus extending from beak to front, where it terminates in an
obtuse triangular projection; beak arched, and projecting be-
yond that of the other valve; area high, strongly arcuate, trans-
versely and longitudinally striate; foramen large, forming an
equilateral triangle : about sixteen or seventeen simple rounded
or subangular plications on each side of the mesial fold and
sinus. Surface marked by fine radiating strie, which are crossed
by undulating lines of growth.
This fine Spirifer seems to be intermediate in form between S. acumi-
nata, CONRAD (S. cultrijyugatus, ROMER ), and S. granulifera of the
Hamilton group, but differs from both by obvious characters. The area is
much wider, and the hinge extremities more salient, than in S. acuminata,
while the mesial fold is somewhat less elevated and much less acute; and
the plications are likewise simple.
This species is more angular in outline, the valves less rotund and more
unequal in size, the area larger, and the sinus and fold more angular than
in S. granulifera.
Geological position and locality. In limestone of the age of the Ha-
milton group : Calhoun county, Illinois. From Mr. A. H. WortTHEN.
No. 109.] 157
SPIRIFER EATONI (2. s.).
Palo N.Y. Vol. tv.
SHELL transversely oval, one-half to two-thirds as long as wide ;
hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell, obtusely angular
at the extremities : dorsal valve very convex in the middle,
nearly semicircular, rising into a moderately prominent rounded
or slightly flattened mesial fold; beak and narrow area distinct-
ly incurved : ventral valve the more convex, most prominent
near the beak; mesial sinus moderately rounded ; beak small,
somewhat abruptly arcuate; area high, slightly arcuate just
below the beak ; foramen narrow, partly closed above by a
pseudo-deltidium. Surface marked by about nineteen simple
rounded plications on each side of the mesial fold and sinus, and
crossed below the middle of the shell by imbricating lamine
of growth.
This shell differs from S. granulzfera in the following characters : It
is smaller, with a higher and much less arcuate area, and has no distinct
longitudinal depression on the mesial fold; the mesial sinus is also smaller
and more angular at the margins, while the beak of the ventral valve is
less arched and prominent.
The only specimens I have seen of this species are somewhat exfoliated ;
so that I have no means of determining positively the character of the
finer markings of the surface, but it was probably granulated as in S.
granulvfera.
In form and in the number of plications, this species approaches S. ev-
rutines of OWEN ; but it differs in having the beak and area of the ventral
valve more arched, the lateral slopes of the area more rounded, the dorsal
valve more convex, and the shell generally thinner.
Geological position and locality. Hamilton group, Erie county ; and
shores of Seneca lake.
SPIRIFER CLINTONI (10. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suett semicircular, gibbous in the central region, much compressed
at the extremities of the hinge, width nearly twice the length;
158 [ SenatE
hinge equalling the greatest breadth of the shell, and terminating
in salient angles : dorsal valve convex ; mesial fold prominent,
rounded, marked along the middle by a distinct narrow sulcus;
beak incurved : ventral valve convex, most prominent at the
umbo, sloping somewhat abruptly with a convex curve to the
front and anterior lateral margins; mesial sinus angular, ex-
tending from the beak to the front, where it terminates in a
rounded projection; beak pointed, slightly arched ; area mo-
derately high, vertically and transversely striate, arcuate, and
sloping from the beak to the extremities of the hinge with a
concave curve. Surface marked by nineteen or twenty simple
rounded plications on each side of the mesial sinus and fold,
and crossed by fine regular concentric lines of growth.
This species may be distinguished by its general neatness and symmetry
of form, and the distinct sulcus along the middle of the smoothly rounded
mesial fold of the dorsal valve, as well as by the angular character of the
sinus of the ventral valve. Sometimes the sloping sides of the ventral sinus
show very faint indications of an obtuse flattened fold on each side of the
much more distinct angular depression down the middle, so as to give to
the sinus, when viewed in some lights, a subplicate appearance. This latter
character is, however, often very obscure, and may be overlooked.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group
at Highteen-mile creek, Hrie county, N.Y.
SPIRIFER MARCYI* (n.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL semicircular, width about twice the length; hinge equalling
the greatest breadth of the shell, and terminating in more or
* Nore. At the same time that I receive this proofsheet from the printer, I also
learn of the sudden death of Ex-Governor Marcy, to whom I had dedicated this
species as a very slight tribute of my profound respect and esteem, though an
entirely inadequate expression of the obligations due from science to this eminent
statesman, to whom the State of New-York is indebted for the liberal and impartial
organization of her Geological Survey; to which, it may be said without prejudice
to others who have since done nobly, is mainly due many of the most valuable results
to modern science, and the high character acquired by the State for the scientific
achievements her generous patronage has called forth.
No. 109.] abe
less salient angles : dorsal] valve moderately convex ; mesial
fold narrow above and somewhat expanded in front, depressed
and scarcely rounded, extending to the apex of the beak, and
marked along the middle by a faint linear depression which is
sometimes obsolete ; beak ard narrow area scarcely incurved :
ventral valve the more convex, most prominent in the umbonal
region, from which it slopes with a regular convex curve to the
front and anterior lateral margins ; beak somewhat vertically
compressed, arched ; sinus well defined, shallow, flat in the
bottom ; area moderately broad, extending quite to the ends of
the hinge, sharply angular along the margins between the beak
and the extremities, slightly arcuate backwards beyond . the
hinge-line ; foramen of medium size, narrow triangular; lateral
slopes of the valves marked by about twenty-three to twenty-
five simple rounded plications on each side of the mesial fold
SPIRIFER MARCYI.
It is twenty years since the writer was commissioned by Governor Marcy to the
charge of the Fourth Geological District of New-York, including that part of the
State west of Cayuga lake; and since that time, has had the satisfaction of knowing
him as a true and personal friend.
160 | SenaTE
and sinus. Surface marked by very fine obscure radiating striz,
which are crossed near the borders by small, closely arranged,
subimbricating lines of growth. Fine distant granules are di-
stributed over the whole surface, and most conspicuously in the
sinus and between the plications.
This shell may be readily distinguished from S. granulzfera, with which
it is associated, by its less gibbous form, shallower sinus, more depressed
mesial fold, and much less distinctly arcuate beaks. Under a magnifier, the
granulations of the surface are always seen to be much more scattered than
on S. granulifera; while the plications are narrower and more numerous,
and more abruptly elevated above the general surface.
This species is among the finest of the Hamilton spirifers, and superior
in size and beauty to all except the S. granulzfera.
Geological position and locality. In shales of the Hamilton group :
Covington, Genesee county.
ecemenetamencend
SPIRIFER CORTICOSA (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL semicircular, more than half as long as broad; hinge nearly
or quite equalling the greatest width of the shell : dorsal valve
unknown : ventral valve convex; sinus deep and well defined,
extending from the apex of the beak to the front, where it ter-
minates in a short rounded projection; beak incurved ; area
narrow and arcuate; foramen small; plications simple and
rounded, numbering about ten to twelve on each side of the
sinus. Surface ornamented by very fine closely arranged con-
centric strize, and stronger more distant imbricating marks of
growth.
This is a rare species, of which I have yet seen no perfect individuals.
In its narrow area, it resembles S. mucronata; but the beak is more
arched, the sinus deeper, the plications stronger and less numerous, while
the concentric lamellze are equally strong but less sharply arched over the
plications. Single valves may be distinguished by the absence of a slight
elevation along the centre of the sinus, which marks the well-preserved
specimens of S. mucronata.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group,
near Darien, Genesee county.
No. 109.] 161
SPIRIFER ARATA (01. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol.iv.
Cast of interior transversely oval or oblong, gibbous ; valves
nearly equal ; hinge nearly or quite equalling the greatest width,
rectangular at the extremities; front broadly sinuate in the
middle : dorsal valve convex, rising gradually into an indistinct
mesial fold, which is marked along the middle by a profound
suleus from near the beak to the front ; beak incurved : ventral
valve very convex at the umbo; mesial sinus broad subangular,
not strongly defined at the margins, extending from the beak to
the front, where it terminates in a broad rounded projection ;
beak elevated (2) ; area high, sloping from the beak to the ex-
tremities, slightly arcuate and inclined back beyond the hinge;
foramen large, having the form of an equilateral triangle; la-
teral slopes of the valves marked by about fifteen flattened or
depressed plications, which are separated by small linear de-
pressions. A few strong imbricating wrinkles of growth mark
the valves near the margins.
This species bears some gencral resemblance to S. granulifera, but is
smaller than that species usually occurs, is less elevated in front with a
proportionally broader sinus, and is well marked by the strong groove
down the mesial fold : the plications are also more flattened, and separated
by linear grooves. These characters, with others, seem quite sufficient. to
distinguish the species, even. in the form of casts.
This species corresponds in some respects with Spzrzfer ( Delthyris )
duplicata, CONRAD ( Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. viii, pa. 261, pl.
14, f.16); but the superior valve is more gibbous or ventricose, and the
ribs are not angulated. Since no allusion is made to the ventral valve or
area, it is probable that Mr. Conran described his species from a single
valve. (
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group,
Otsego county.
[ Sen. No. 109. ] 11
162 | SENATE
SPIRIFER TENUIS (0. 8.).
Pal NEY) Voli.
Suexy very thin and fragile, transversely oval, two-thirds to three-
fourths as loig as broad; hinge about equalling the greatest
width of the shell, obtusely angular at the extremities : dorsal
valve convex; mesial fold broad, rounded (?),and marked the
whole length by a strong suleus : ventral valve the more con-
vex, most prominent near the umbo; mesial sinus broad, giving
a sinuous outline to the anterior border, undefined at the mar-
gins, and having along the middle a deep groove, and on each
side several indistinct folds; beak unknown; area high, lon-
gitudinally and transversely striate, arcuate, and extending
obliquely beyond the hinge line; foramen moderately large ;
lateral slopes of the valves ornamented by about eighteen or
nineteen very obtuse simple plications on each side of the mesial
sinus and fold : those on the dorsal valve more distinct than
those on the ventral, which do not reach the margin of the shell.
Surface marked by fine nearly obsolete radiating strize, which
are raised at intervals into granulations or papille : these are
crossed by stronger, closely arranged, irregular, concentric lines
of growth.
This species, in general form, agrees with the last ( S. avata); but is
less rotund, and the shell less elevated by the sinus in front. The longitudi-
nal furrow along the centre of the mesial fold corresponds to that species ;
but the plications are more rounded with broader spaces between them, and
they are scarcely conspicuous on the ventral margin of the dorsal valve,
and on the ventral valve are scarcely distinct below the middle of the shell.
The sinus is undefined at the margins, and the concentric lines very closely
arranged, giving the surface rather the aspect of Spzr7gera or Merista
than of Spzrzfer proper.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group:
Cumberland, Maryland.
No. 109.] 163
SPIRIFER PERTENUIS (U.. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL extremely fragile, transversely oval, gibbous, about three-
fourths as: long as broad ; hinge equalling the greatest width of
the shell, more or less angular at the extremities according to
age : dorsal valve regularly convex; mesial fold of medium
breadth, rounded and somewhat depressed above, sometimes
having a faint depression along the middle : ventral valve the
more convex, most prominent at the umbo, from which it
slopes abruptly with a slight convex outline to the front and
lateral margins; mesial sinus shallow, rounded, with faint in-
dications of plications; beak unknown; area moderately high,
more or less arcuate; foramen higher than wide. Shell marked
by about twenty-three simple depressed and rounded plications
on each side of the mesial fold and sinus. Surface ornamented
by faint traces of fine irregular radiating striee, which are stud-
ded with fine granulations, and crossed by very fine, regular,
undulating, concentric lines of growth, arching gently upwards
on the mesial fold.
This species is remarkable for the extreme tenuity of the shell. It differs
from the preceding species ( S. ¢enuzs ) in the more conspicuous as well as
more numerous plications, and the less conspicuous concentric lines of
growth. The mesial sinus is more distinctly defined at the margins, and the
slight depression on the mesial fold differs extremely from the broader and
deeper one of the preceding species. In the last-named character, as well
as in its more numerous plications and more strongly defined mesial sinus
and fold, it differs very conspicuously from Spzrifer arata.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group
near Cumberland, Maryland.
SPIRIFER GRANULIFERA.
~Delthyris granulifera, Hatt : Geol. Rep. 4th Dist. N.Y. 1848, p. 207, f.1.
Delthyris congesta, Haun : Idem.
An examination of a large number of specimens of the S. granulifera,
in various phases of preservation, has convinced me of the identity of this
164 [ SENATE
%
species with S. congesta. The specimen from which the latter was described
is a very symmetrical and rotund form, in which the depression on the
mesial fold is scarcely marked ; while the surface has been in a slight de-
gree worn and exfoliated, so that the little granules or bases of spines are
nearly obliterated, leaving a striated surface, which is in some parts can-
cellated by concentric lines.
The figures 1 and 1 @ represent two views of a specimen having the
granulations preserved upon the shell. :
Fig. 1 4 is from a specimen with more extended hinge-line.
Fig. 2 @ and 26 are views of the specimen designated S. congesta as
above.
These figures, reduced in size and beautifully executed, appear in
Marcov’s Explanatory Text, etc., pl. 3, f.7, as S. heteroclétus, DEFRANC.
It is scarcely necessary to say that this species has very little resemblance
to S. heteroclitus.
SPIRIFER MEDIALIS.
Delthyris medialis, Haut : Report, 4th Geol. Dist. N.Y. 1848, p. 208, f.8.
The figure below is of the dorsal valve entire at the extremities.
SPIRIFER MEDIALIS.
SPIRIFER ANGUSTA (2. 8.).
SHELL extremely transverse; lateral extremities very attenuated ;
hinge-line about four times as long as the width of the dorsal
valve : dorsal valve with a simple mesial fold, and about
fourteen or fifteen simple narrow plications on each side;
beak and cardinal margin incurved : ventral valve about two-
thirds as wide as the dorsal valve, with a sharp well defined
No. 109.] 165
is
mesial sinus; plications on each side very oblique; area equal-
ling or exceeding the ventral valve, receding from the hinge-
line towards the front of the shell, and thus narrowing the
exterior area of the ventral valve.
This is a call marked species, the most conspicuous feature of which
the very narrow ventral valve, which, in the specimen figured is less
than the area in width; while the dorsal valve is much wider in the mid-
die, and curves somewhat gradually towards the extremities.
Geological position and locality. In shales of the Hamilton group :
Covington, Genesee county.
SPIRIFER ANGUSTA.
CyRTIA BIPLICATA (N.§8.).
alee Nivis Volleys.
SHELL triangular pyramidal, about twice as broad as long;
hinge not quite equalling the greatest width of the shell, sub-
angular or a little rounded at the extremities : dorsal valve
unknown : ventral valve extremely prominent at the beak,
from which it declines abruptly to the sides and front, having
a moderate sinus extending to the apex of the beak, and bounded
on each side by a single ridge or plication ; beak attenuate and
pointed, not arched, removed from the hinge by the intervening
high, slightly arcuate, triangular area ; foramen very narrow
and closed. Surface apparently smooth.
The specimen examined is not entire; but so far as can be determi’
it presents the remarkable characteristic of a single sharply angule .
cation upon each side of the sinus. If other plications existed, ft)
bably extended but little beyond the margin of the shell.
.eld -
Geological position and locality. In limestones of the Up .
berg group, Erie county, N.Y.
166 | Senate
CYRTIA HAMILTONENSIS (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL more or less obliquely triangular pyramidal ; hinge equal-
ling the greatest breadth, and obtusely angular at the extremi-
ties : dorsal valve depressed, nearly flat ; beak scarcely elevated
above the hinge-line ; mesial fold small, bounded on each side
by deeper and wider grooves than those between the plications,
with sometimes a faint narrow longitudinal depresssion in the
middle : ventral valve very convex, most prominent near the
beak, which is very variable in elevation, and either straight or
a little arched from the hinge, sometimes twisted on one side ;
sinus distinct, rounded or angular ; area variable, triangular,
generally high, often wider than high, arcuate or plane, finely
striate in both ways, the vertical strize scarcely visible ; foramen
very narrow, usually perforate above by an oval or narrow ovate
aperture, and has at its base a small transverse arcuate slit.
Surface ornamented by six to eight simple rounded plications
on each side of the mesia] fold and sinus, and marked by very
fine concentric lines of growth. Under a good Jens minute gra-
nules may be seen on all parts of the exterior except the area
and deltidium : interior minutely punctate.
This species may be distinguished from the C.dalmanz of the Lower
Helderberg limestones, by never showing the strongly imbricating lamellee
of growth which mark that species. It is, however, more nearly related to
Cyrtia (Spirifer) heteroclitus, VON Bucu; and until we know the limits
of the variation in that species, it will be very difficult to point out cha-
acters by which our shell can be distinguished from it.
Yeological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group:
»s of Seneca lake, Moscow, York, Darien, and Highteen-mile creek.
CYRTIA HAMILTONENSIS,
No. 109.] 167
ORTHIS UMBONATA.
Orthis umbonata, Conrap : Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. viii,
1842, pa. 264, pl. 14, f. 21.
Suey semielliptical in outline, with a prominent beak, plano-
convex : dorsal valve slightly concave below, convex at the
umbo : ventral “valve profoundly ventricose, with a narrow
longitudinal suleus ;” umbo extremely elevated; beak abruptly
incurved; hinge-line greater than the width of the shell below,
slightly rounded at the extremities.
Geological position and locality. In the shales of the Hamilton group :
at Moscow, Darien, shore of Lake Erie, at Highteen-mile creek, and
generally distributed in Western New-York.
OrTHIS UMBONATA.
ORTHIS PREUMBONA (N.s.).
.SHELL plano-convex : dorsal valve slightly convex, much shorter
than the opposite, height and width about as three to four,
rounded at the cardinal extremities : ventral valve extremely
gibbous and highly arcuate; umbo rising much above the hinge-
line; beak small, strongly incurved ; mesial] portion often flat
and sometimes depressed beneath the umbo. In some specimens,
a narrow slightly depressed line extends from near the beak to
the base of the shell. Surface marked by fine radiating and
concentric lines, which, under a magnifier, give it a finely
cancellate appearance.
This shell has a general resemblance in form to Orthzs umbonata; but
it is a much larger species, has the beak proportionally more slender, the
cardinal extremities rounded, and the mesial sinus of the ventral valve
(a marked feature in O. wmbonata ) rarely defined and never conspicuous.
Geological position and locality. In the dark shales of the Hamilton
group : Shores of Seneca lake below Lodi.
168)’ [ Senate
ORTHIS SUBUMBONA (01. 8.).
SHELL somewhat plano-convex : dorsal valve nearly flat; cardinal
extremities rounded : ventral valve very convex, gibbous,
length and height nearly equal; hinge-line scarcely equal the
greatest width of the shell; beak little extended above the
hinge-line, abruptly incurved. Surface concentrically striated.
This shell resembles the Orthis preumbona; but is much smaller, less
elongated, the length and width being nearly equal, and the beak much
shorter and more abruptly acute.
Geological position and locality. In calcareous layers in the shales of
the Hamilton group : Shores of Seneca lake and of Lake Erie.
ATRYPA ASPERA.
Atrypa ( Terebratula) aspera, Scunoruurm : Petrefactenkunde, pa. 2638, pl.
xviii, f.3.
Atrypa spinosa, Haut : Geol. Rep. 4th Dist. 1848.
There is propably no specific difference between the Huropean species
and those from the Hamilton group of New-York. Specimens from the
shales of the Hamilton group in Lowa present some variation in form and
characters from those of New-York, while they approach more nearly the
European specimens in my collection.
ATRYPA HIRSUTA (0. 8.).
SuEeLL somewhat depressed orbicular in the young state, becoming
trilobate and more gibbous in older specimens; sinus and
mesial elevation strongly marked towards the front; valves
nearly equally convex ; beak of ventral valve perforated. Sur-
face marked by from thirty-six to forty simple well defined
radiating strie or plications, which are crossed by fine concen-
tric strie and a few distant imbricating lamelle of growth.
Entire surface covered by extremely fine hair-like spines,
which, on removal, leave a finely granulated surface.
The shells are usually denuded of the spines, and present the general
appearance of young individuals of A. reizcularés ; but the plications are
No. 109.] 169
finer, and under a magnifier they present the granulated surface which
sufficiently distinguishes them from al! other species in our strata.
Geological position and locality. Shales of the Hamilton group : Mos-
cow, Livingston county ; and Darien, Genesee county.
SPIRIFERZ OF THE CHEMUNG GROUP.
SPIRIFER TEXTUS (1. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL large, somewhat thin, semicircular or sub-semicircular,
one-third to one-half as long as broad; height often greater
than the length ; hinge equalling the greatest width of the shell,
and terminating in more or less salient angles at the extremities :
dorsal valve convex, most prominent near the front, rising in
the middle into a rounded mesial fold, which diminishes regu-
larly and somewhat rapidly from the front; beak, together with
the narrow area, distinctly arched : ventral valve much more
convex, very prominent at the umbo, from which it slopes at
an angle of about 100° towards the lateral margins, and more
abruptly to the front; mesial sinus deep, rapidly increasing
from beak to front, where it occupies about one-fourth of the
anterior margin, terminating ina broad projection with a rounded
extremity ; beak angular, far removed from the hinge by the
high intervening area, nearly straight or slightly arched towards
the extremity ; area very large and high, plane below ; foramen
large triangular, about two-thirds as broad as high. Surface
marked by about twenty simple depressed and rounded plica-
tions on each side of the mesial fold and sinus : plications
crossed by fine irregular undulating concentric lines of growth.
Entire surface delicately and beautifully marked by minute
elongated pits, so disposed as to present under a magnifier the
appearance of twilled cloth.
This fossil has been regarded as.identical with S. cwsp¢datus of MARTIN ;
but the much greater number of plications, as well as the peculiar surface
170 | SENATE
character, not mentioned in the description of that species, are sufficient to
entitle this one to rank as a distinct species.
If we may rely upon the figures and descriptions of the best European
authorities, our specimens have as many as eighteen or twenty more plica-
tions than S. cuspédatus.
Geological position and locality. In the fine-grained sandstone of the
age of the Chemung group, at the ‘“‘IXnobs,” near New-Albany, Indiana.
SPIRIFER CARTERI (N.8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL somewhat semicircular, generally more than half as long as
wide; extremities nearly rectangular, in young individuals
more salient : dorsal valve convex; mesial fold smoothly
rounded, sometimes marked by a faint longitudinal depression
along the middle ; beak and area incurved : ventral valve the
more convex, most prominent a little below the beak; mesial
sinus rather deep, rounded, and extending quite to the apex of
the beak ; area high, arcuate, longitudinally and transversely
striated ; foramen large, triangular ; beak obtusely angular and
arched : latetal slopes of the valves marked by about nineteen
or twenty simple rounded somewhat depressed plications on
each side of the mesial fold and sinus ; plications crossed by
concentric lines of growth.
This species is known to me only in casts, and as impressions of the
exterior shell. Some of the specimens show, under a magnifier, in addition
to the surface markings mentioned above, faint traces of a peculiar orna-
mentation resembling very nearly in character that of the S. textus.
This fossil differs from that just named, in having comparatively a
much smaller, less elevated, and more arcuate area : the beak is more
arched, and the lateral slopes of the area less angular. The impression left
in the matrix indicates it to have been a thinner shell than S. textus.
Geological position and locality. In the Waverly sandstone of the age
of the Chemung group : Licking county, Ohio.
No. 109. ] 171
PRODUCTI OF THE HAMILTON AND CHEMUNG GROUPS.
The number of species of Propuctus in the shales and shaly
sandstones of the Hamilton and Chemung groups is greater than
usually supposed. The following, with one or two exceptions,
have been in my collection for many years, awaiting the com-
pletion of the fourth volume of the Paleontology of New-York.
Among these are several forms which have externally the charac-
ters of Strophalosia ; but I have been unable to discover any
cardinal area in any of them, while in several species it is quite
certain that no such area could have existed. Several of these
species have a wide geographical distribution, but the larger
number are very restricted in their range so far as at present
known.
These forms are interesting, as being the earliest representatives
of that type of Brachiopoda which so peculiarly marks the Car-
boniferous period; and we shall probably yet find that the number
of species marking each of these groups is scarcely less than
the number marking each of the subordinate divisions of the
Carboniferous limestone.
PRODUCTUS TRUNCATUS (0. 8.).
Pal. |N.¥. Volziv:
Sueti small; hinge-line usually equalling the greatest width of
the shell : dorsal valve concave near the margin, elevated in
the middle, and abruptly depressed or truncate towards the
beak : ventral valve ventricose, most elevated just below
the umbo, and sloping abruptly to the front; beak incurved,
truncate (often impressed) at the extremity; margin near the
hinge marked by a few strong wrinkles gradually becoming
obsolete on the body of the shell, which is crossed by undu-
lating strie of growth, and sometimes apparently with radiating
strie. Surface ornamented with several interrupted rows of
172 [ Senate
spines; a single row just below and parallel to the hinge mar-
gin.
This little shell is very abundant in the calcareous shales, where the
ventral valve is preserved, while I have seen but a few imperfect specimens
of the dorsal valve. The abruptly gibbous form, and truncated or im-
pressed beak and umbo, are characteristic features. In some larger speci-
mens with truncated beaks, from other localities, there are a few elongated
spiniferous ridges near the base. It is possible that these may be distinct
species.
Geological position and locality. In the calcareous shales near the base
of the Hamilton group : Schoharie and Onondaga counties, and shore of
Lake Erie above Buffalo, New- York.
g
Propuctus
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Strophomena pustulosa, Hatt : Rep. 4th Geol. Dist. N.Y. 1848, p. 180, f. 4.
This small species of productus is scarcely larger than the P. truncatus,
but the surface characters and extension of the hinge-line give the shell a
very different aspect.
PRODUCTUS NAVICELLA (01. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Suet, subelliptical, length greater than the width; hinge-line
less than the width of the shell : ventral valve extremely
gibbous in the middle, abruptly bent downwards in front; beak
extremely incurved; umbo projecting beyond the hinge-line
nearly one-third the entire length of the shell. Surface marked
by concentric undulating strie and interrupted longitudinal
ridges, which are garnished with small, round, abruptly pro-
jecting spines, and sometimes with spines between the ridges.
The distinguishing features of this species are the elongated form, short
hinge-line, and extremely incurved beak and umbo. The spines are small
and rigid, rising abruptly from the surface, and not always upon the short
interrupted ridges, though usually so. —
In general form and elevation of the beak and umbo, this species is not
No. 109.1 173
unlike the variety of P. undiferus figured by DE Koninok (Recherches sur
les Animauz fossiles, pl. xi, f.5 a,b,c); but the hinge-line is less ex-
tended, and the surface exhibits no regularly radiating costz as in that
species.
Geological position and locality. Shales of the Hamilton group : Mos-
cow, N.Y.
|
PRODUCTUS SPINULICOSTH (Ni. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL semiorbicular, width and bength about equal; hinge-line
generally a little less than the greatest width of the shell : dor-
sal valve marked with spiniferous ridges, which are sometimes
continuous from the middle to the base of the shell : ventral
valve extremely gibbous in the middle; beak incurved. Surface
marked by fine concentric lines, which are sometimes crowded
and wrinkled on the body of the shell, ornamented with several
rows of short radiating interrupted ridges, each one of which
is furnished with a small spine : a row of four or five spines
along the hinge-line below the margin, which are often continued
along the sides of the shell, and sometimes along the front,
entirely or partially independent of the spiniferous ridges.
The distinguishing characters of this species are the nearly semiorbicular
form, and somewhat regular alternating distribution of the radiating
elongated spiniferous tubercles. The length and breadth is from one- e-half to
three-fourths of an inch. i
This species bears some resemblance to the smaller forms of P. mur-
chisonianus given by DE Konincx (pl. xvi, f. 3 d,e); but I regard it as
distinct. The Strophomena membranacea of VANUXEM, referred by
DE KONINCK to the same species, is entirely distinct from the one under
consideration. The figures of DE VERNEUIL (Russia and the Ural Moun-
tains, Vol. ii, pl. xviii, f. 4) are much more like a species found in the
shales and limestones of the Hamilton group in Illinois, Missouri, etc.,
and which I regard as quite distinct from those of New-York. The present
species bears some resemblance to fig. 99, pl. xxv, Pariures, Pal. Fos-
sils, but not to the other figures of that author cited by pr Konincx.
Geological position and locality. In calcareous bands in the Hamilton
group : Shores of Cayuga lake, etc.
174 [ Senate
PRODUCTUS EXANTHEMATUS (N.S8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv. :
Sueti semioval; hinge-line scarcely equalling the greatest width
of the shell : dorsal valve one-third wider than high, slightly
concave, entire surface pustulose.
A single valve only of this species has fallen under my observation ; but
the characters are so distinct from either of the other species, that I cannot
hesitate to separate it from them.
A specimen from Bakeoven, Illinois, occurring in limestone of the age
of the Hamilton group, is very similar if not belonging to this species. I
presume it to be the one referred by Messrs. NoRwoop and PRATTEN
to P. swbhaculeatus; while another form, with elongated pustulose ridges,
is probably the one referred by the same authors to P. murchtsonianus.
The spiniferous ridges in the latter species are often continuous for more
than half the length of the shell above the base, in which character it is
similar to P. spinulicoste; but the absence of an area, as well as other
characters, render it impossible to regard either of these as identical with
P. murchisonianus.
Geological postition and locality. Shales of the Hamilton group : Shore
of Seneca lake, Ontario county.
PRODUCTUS SUBALATUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Productus subalatus, Watt : Iowa Geol. Report, 1857.
SHELL semielliptical, with the cardinal extremities alate : ventral
valve gibbous in the middle, depressed in front, and much ex-
panded laterally towards the cardinal extremities; beak abruptly
incurved, the umbo projecting above the hinge-line; the cardi-
nal margin marked by more or less distinct folds or wrinkles,
becoming obsolete on the middle of the shell, which is crossed
by irregular or undulating concentric striz. In some individuals,
indistinet longitudinal striz are visible. Surface ornamented by
numerous strong rounded tubular spines, the bases of which
remain irregularly distributed. Some well preserved specimens
show a distinct row of spines near the cardina! margin, while
No. 109.] 175
those nearest the beak are small, and actually upon the edge of
the shell, as in Chonetes.
The characteristic features of this species are the great expansion on the
hinge-line, and the auriculate or alate cardino-lateral margins; also the
strong, round spines, without ridges or tubercles.
In some specimens, the spines near the beak and umbo are distributed
somewhat regularly in radiating lines. The number of spines varies from
ten or twelve to thirty or forty; and it is only in rare instances that they
are preserved near the beak.
Geological position and locality. Shales of the age of the Hamilton
group : Rock Island, Illinois, and various localities in Iowa.
—_ &
PRODUCTUS HIRSUTUS (N.S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Strophomena membranacea, VaAnuxEm : Rep. 8d Geol. Dist. N. York, p. 178,
f.4 and 5.
Not Productus membranaceus, Von Bucu.
Leptena membranacea, PHILLIPS.
SHELL semielliptical, often oblique; hinge-line usually a little
longer than the greatest width of the shell : ventral valve
moderately gibbous, with cardino-lateral extremities not dis-
tinctly separated from the body of the shell, expanded with a
marginal or submarginal row of strong spines. Surface concen-
trically striated and covered by closely arranged, delicate,
hair-like spines, except a small space on each side of the
umbo, which is sometimes destitute of these appendages.
This species has the ears less distinctly separated from the body of the
shell than P. lachrymosa, and the hinge-line more extended. It was
identified by Mr. VANUXEM with the european P. membranacea; and the
shell, with the spines removed and preserving the strong concentric striz,
has a membranaceous texture. In its slender spines it resembles P. mur-
chisonia, but the greater extension of the hinge-line, absence of area and
more closely arranged spines are marked differences. The interior of the
ventral (dorsal) valve differs most extremely from the figure given by
DE KONINCK.
176 [ SevaTE
Geological position and locality. Shales of the Chemung group:
Allegany and Chemung counties, New-York.
PRODUCTUS SPECIOSUS (0. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL semiglobose, hinge-line less than the greatest width of the
shell, extremities rounded or’ obtusely angular : dorsal valve
very regularly concave, flattened somewhat at the hinge ex-
tremities, and the ears marked by a few concentric wrinkles;
hinge furnished with a small Difurcate dental process : ventral
valve ventricose, extremely arcuate, regularly and symme-
trically diminishing from the base to the beak, which is
incurved beyond the hinge-line; ears not flattened, narrow,
scarcely distinct from the body of the shell; basal margin
sinuate, but the shell without a mesial depression. Surface
marked by fine concentric striz and thickly studded with
regularly arranged, small, somewhat elongated, spiniferous
tubercles. Casts of the shell finely and closely punctate.
This species is distinguished from all its associates by the symmetrical
form and extremely ventricose character of the ventral valve, its regular
convergence from front to beak and the sinuate basal margin. The spi-
niferous tubercles were doubtless furnished with slender, bristle-like
spines.
Geological position and locality. Caleareous bands in shaly sandstones
of the Chemung group: Chautauque county, N.Y.
No. 109. ] 177
PRODUCTUS LACHRYMOSUS.
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
Strophomena lachrymosa ? Conrad : Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1842.
Suet semielliptical : ventral valve moderately gibbous, flattened
along the middle; cardinal extremities abruptly depressed and
flattened, ornamented with one or more rows of spines; beak
elevated above the hinge-line. Surface marked by very elon-
gated spiniferous tubercles, which sometimes have an appearance
of bifurcation.
This is the only species known to me, which I am able to refer to the
description and figure of Mr. Conrap! In a single well preserved speci-
men, the centre of the shell is moderately gibbous, a little depressed
in the centre, with the ears abruptly flattened, not salient, the sides
straight, etc. This species being from the same locality as that described
by Mr. Conrap, I have presumed that it may be the same, notwith-
standing the want of strict agreement with his figure and description.
Geological position and locality. In the arenaceous shales of the Che-
mung group : Chemung Narrows, N.Y.
PRODUCTUS ARCTIROSTRATUS (N. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL somewhat elliptical : dorsal valve deeply concave ; ears
broad, with a few strong concentric wrinkles, irregularly
marked towards the margin of the shell by strong radiating
striz, which are furnished with delicate spines : ventral valve
very gibbous or ventricose and arcuate; beak attenuate, much
elevated and curved over the hinge-line; a broad, shallow
mesial depression extends from the most prominent part of the
umbo to the base; ears abruptly separated from the body of
the shell, contracted and somewhat deflected. Surface marked
by strong radiating striz or plications, crossed by fine concentric
lines, and garnished as in the other valve by numerous fine
bristle like spines.
[ Senate No. 109.] 12
178 | Senate
This shell in its delicate spines bears some resemblance to P. hzrsutus;
but the hinge-line is proportionally shorter, the beak much more at-
tenuate, the umbo narrower, more ventricose and much more incurved;
while the surface is strongly striated longitudinally.
Geological position and locality. Calcareous sandstone of the Chemung
group : Steuben county, N.Y.
PRODUCTUS RARISPINE (0. S.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SueLu semielliptical, length and height nearly equal; hinge-line
about equalling the greatest width of the shell : ventral valve
extremely gibbous or ventricose; lateral extremities abruptly
deflected, and marked by two or three strong concentric folds
which become obsolete upon the body of the shell; mesial
_region broadly flattened or slightly depressed. Surface marked
by fine concentric strize, and sometimes apparently by fine
radiating strie, the cardino-lateral margins or ears having a
few strong spines irregularly disposed : a few scattered spines
also mark the mesial depression.
This species differs from the last in the greater gibbosity of the ventral
valve, the deflected cardinal extremities, the broad flattened or depressed
mesial region and the scattered spines. It bears some resemblance to
DE KoNINCK’s figures of P. orbignianus, but it has fewer spines and no
defined sinus.
Geological position and locality. Shales of the Chemung group :
Allegany county, N.Y.
PRODUCTUS RARISPINA.
No. 109.] 179
PRODUCTUS BOYDII (Nn. 8.).
Pal. N.Y. Vol. iv.
SHELL varying from semielliptical to transversely broad-oval ;
hinge-line usually shorter than the width of the shell, and
rounded at the extremities : ventral valve ranging from
moderately convex to gibbous in the middle and umbonal
regions, marked down the centre by a shallow and sometimes
well-defined sinus. Surface concentrically striated and orna-
mented by numerous radiating lines of tubercles, which in per-
fect specimens are surmounted by strong curved spines; cardinal
and lateral margins garnished with a row of strong curved
spines; vascular impression bilobed, deeply striated, reaching
to the middle of the shell : surface of cast finely punctate.
This species is readily distinguished by the strong, rather distant spini-
ferous tubercles, which are often arranged in distinct radiating lines ;_ by
the shallow mesial sinus in the ventral valve, short hinge-line and strong
curving spines. Although in form the proportions of height and width vary
extremely, the general surface characters are always reliable, and there
are no gradations which pass to other species.
Geological position and locality. Shaly sandstones of the Chemung
group : Allegany county, N.Y.
PRoDUCTUS BOYDII.
180 [ Senarx
PRODUCTUS NEWBERRYI (11.S8.).
Sueiy semielliptical in outline, somewhat contracted at the eardi-
nal extremities : dorsal valve moderately concave, a little more
depressed just below the beak ; surface marked by fine closely
arranged concentric strie and numerous spiniferous ridges ar-
ranged in radiating lines, which are sometimes continuous on
the lower half of the valve : ventral valve regularly convex,
gibbous, not strongly arched; beak small, projecting little be-
yond the hinge-line ; surface marked as in the dorsal valve.
This shell reaches the dimensions of one and a half to two inches in
width, with a height about two-thirds as great. It approaches in character
the P. lachrymosa of ConraD, but isa larger shell, with more closely
arranged spiniferous ridges, and more contracted hinge extremities as well
as other differences. ;
Geological position and localéty. In shaly sandstone and calcareous
sandstone of the age of the Chemung group : Medina county, Ohio.
PRODUCTUS CONCENTRICUS.
Jowa Geological Report, 1857.
SHELL small, semielliptical in outline : dorsal valve deeply con-
cave, sometimes almost geniculate in front; hinge extremities
slightly contracted ; upper half of surface marked by strong
concentric wrinkles, and somewhat distant spiniferous tuber-
cles : ventral valve unknown.
This species is distinguished by the strong concentric wrinkles which
mark the upper part of the shell. The spiniferous ridges are not unlike
those of P. spinulicosta of the Hamilton group, but they are stronger and
somewhat more distant. The deeply concave character of the dorsal valve,
and consequent gibbosity of the ventral valve, are characters differing from
all the others with this form and surface marking.
Geological position and locality. In the argillaceous sandstone of the
age of the Chemung group : Burlington, Iowa. ‘
TO BE CONTINUED.
[ The continuation of this paper will be given in the succeeding Report of the
Regents of the University upon the State Collections of Natural History for
1857.)
No. 109. ] 18]
ON THE GENUS TELLINOMYA, AND ALLIED GENERA;
* * WITH ILLUSTRATIONS :
BY PROFESSOR JAMFS HALL.
{ From the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist : Conducted by E. Bituines.]
In the investigations of paleozoic fossils, it often happens that
the most important parts for the determination of the generic
characters are obscured or entirely hidden by the adhering stony
matter : this is particularly true of the Gasteropoda and Lamelli-
branchiata, and the generic characters are often necessarily de-
rived from the external features of the shell. It is not always
possible to make these determinations with such accuracy that
further discoveries will not show the necessity of some modifica-
tion. Were the descriptions of the genera and species of the
Jamellibranchiate shells of the paleozoi¢ rocks left until the
hinge and teeth, the pallial and muscular impressions, could be
determined, comparatively few would be described.
In the first volume of the Paleontology of New-York, several
new genera were proposed, and among them the Genus TELirino-
mya, which is the subject of the present notice. This genus was
constituted to include several species, supposed to be related to
each other from external characters : these characters were sug-
gestive of Tellina and of Mya, and the name adopted accordingly.
In the specimens known to me at that time there were no
visible teeth or crenulations in the hinge-line, and this fact was
stated in the description. Subsequently I obtained some specimens
which suggested other relations than those indicated by the
generic name. No opportunity has occurred of correcting the
original description; while in the mean time the species have
been referred by paleontologists to other genera, and in some ©
instances to those of very different character*.
*M. p’Orsiany refers the species of Tellinomya, described in the first volume of
the Paleontology of New-York, to the Genus Lyonsia of Turron, a modern shell
belonging to a very different family ; and to add still more to the confusion, the
same author has placed the species Modiolopsis also under the Genus Lyonsia. In
this reference he has been followed by one American author, who, “‘ for a corrected
182 | SenaTE
More recently the extensive collections of the Canada Geo-
logical Survey have furnished some beautiful examples, showing
in a most perfect manner the structure of the hinge, and the
‘muscular impressions of several species of this genus.
In the mean'time, a specimen taken to L@ndon by Sir WitiiaMm
E. Logan has been noticed as a new genus by Mr. Satter, under
the name of Ctenodonta.
The shell upon which Mr. Satter founded this genus is a spe-
cies of Tellinomya, closely allied to the T: nasuta of the Trenton
limestone. Mr. Woopwarp, in his ‘“ Treatise,’ places the Genus
Ctenodonta as synonymous with Isoarca of MunstEr; while ac-
cording to Pricrer, it would be placed under the Genus WVucula.
The character of the hinge of Tellinomya nasuta, and of T.
dubia, represented in the accompanying figures, shows that it
bears a close relation to Nucula, and that it is identical with
Ctenodonia.
The shells referable to this type have not the ventricose charac-
ter, large and often subspiral beaks, of Isoarca; nor is the beak
uniformly anterior, as in that genus. The species of Tellinomya,
so far as known, are never cancellated, or otherwise ornamented,
beyond the ordinary concentric lines of growth.
Having had an opportunity of examining the hinge, and the
internal characters of at least six species, the following characters
are deduced therefrom :
TELLINOMYA.
Generic Cuaracrers. Shell equivalve, equilateral or subequilateral,
closed, smooth or marked by lines of growth; ligament exter-
nal; hinge-line curved, sometimes subangular, with a continuous
series of small curved transverse teeth, which diminish from
the extremities to the beak, beneath which they are much
smaller ; muscular impressions double, two anterior and two
list of fossils belonging to the Lower Silurian,’’ is in a great measure indebted to
M. p’Orzteny !
I may mention here that the collections of the Canada Survey furnish some
beautiful exhibitions of the hinge of Modiolopsis, which I na to have the privilege
of illustrating at no distant period.
M. p’Orsieny places Nucula levata under the Genus Leda, while he leaves the
N. donaciformis under Nucula, Both these shells belong to the Genus Tellinomya.
No. 109. | 183
posterior, one large and strongly impressed, the other smaller,
lying above and between the larger one and the hinge-line ;
pallial impression simple.
3
1,2,3: Tellinomya nasuta. 4,5: T. dubia. 6,7: T. cuneata’.
In the larger species known, the hinge-line is only slightly arcuate ;
while among the other species we find many variations in the curvature.
and it sometimes becomes distinctly angular, as in T. cwneata. In some
species the teeth on either side of the beak curve outwards from it, and in
others inwards towards the beak on both sides. The teeth are often very
minute immediately beneath the beaks.
The shells of this genus vary from elliptical to ovate and subtriangular
forms, many of them being contracted on the posterior side; they are
usually of moderate thickness, though one species is very thick and strony.
Some of the species have a distinctly impressed lunule. The lesser muscu-
lar impression is often a small pit placed directly beneath the hinge-] 1). ,
and between it and the large muscular impression. The beaks are usuailv
of medium size, pointed, rarely ventricose, approximate or in conti: ',
never subspiral.
* The specimens above figured were collected at Pauquette’s Rapids on the Otis > x
River, in beds lying at the junction of the Trenton and Black-river limestones. 1 is.
184 | SenaTE
The relations of this shell are among the Arcade, and approximate to
the Nacule in their general character, and to which genus they have usu-
ally been referred. They differ from that genus, however, in the absence of
the ligamentary pit beneath the beak, and in the presence of an external
ligament and double muscular impressions.
It is probable that most of the palzeozoic species referred to the Genus
Nucula belong to Tellinomya, except those of the Genus Nuculites of
Conrad, Cucullella of M‘Coy, which is distinguished by the presence .
of a septum in the anterior part of each valve. The place of Tellinomya
may be regarded as between Nucula and Nuculites. In external charac-
ters it may prove difficult to separate Ted/inomya from Nuculites, but the
presence of the septum affords nearly the same degree of difference as that
between Cuczdlella and Arca.
This species of the Genus Cucwllella of M‘Coy are cited from Upper
Ludlow rocks ; and the species of the Genus Nuculétes of CONRAD are,
with one exception*, from the Hamilton group, or rocks of the same age.
We may therefore infer, with some reason, that the shells having crenulate
hinge-lines, with the internal septum, occur in rocks of later date ; or, in
other words, that they do not begin their existence before the Upper Silu-
rian or perhaps the Devonian period, while the Tel/cénomye occur among
the earliest forms of lamellibranchiate shells.
For the purpose of comparison with Tellinomya, and as exhibi-
ting in some degree similar characters with that genus, as well as
to show the marked identity of description in these two genera, I
give below the generic characters of JWVuculites and Cucullella,
from the descriptions respectively of Mr. Conrap and Professor
M‘Coy : :
NUCULITES.
Conran, 1841, Geol. Rep. of N. York, p. 49.
“ Kquivalved ; hinge with cardinal teeth as in Vucula, but appa-
rently uninterrupted beneath the apex; an interior rib like
that of Solecurtus, but narrower, extends from the apex, either
direct or slightly oblique, towards the base, never passing much
beyond the middle of the valve.”
‘These shells have much the exterior aspect of Nucula, but the deep
sinus in casts of some of the species, left by the interior rib, constitutes
about the same amount of difference between the two genera as between
* This exception has been found to be destitute of teeth in the hinge. .
No. 109. ] 185
Solen and Solecurtus ; especially, as I believe to be the case, that the se-
ries of cardinal teeth is uninterrupted by a fosset, which in Nucuwla is a
prominent character. This genus, so constituted, is restricted to the Silu-
rian, and perhaps to the Carboniferous system.”’
CUCULLELLA.
M‘Coy, Ann. Nat. History, 2d series, vol. vii, p.50; British Pal. Fossils, p. 2838,
1855.
Generic Cuaracters. Subrhomboidal, inequilateral, subequi-
valve ; margin even ; hinge-line entirely crenulated ; muscular
impressions two, with a simple pallial scar between them ; a
strong internal septum extends from before the beaks to the
posterior margin of the adductor muscle, forming a deep slit
in the casts ; surface generally smooth, or nearly so.”
“These paleeozoic shells have been confounded with Nucula ( Sow.,
Puiu. &c.), from which they differ in the absence of the ligamentary pit
in the hinge, and in the anterior internal septum : they have also been
confounded with Cucullea, from which they differ in wanting the hood-like
plate of the posterior adductor, and having the septum in the anterior end ;
and with Clidophorus ( Geol. Surv. of Great Britain), from which they
differ in having the hinge crenulated as in Arca.”’
The Genus Lyrodesma of Conrap was constituted to receive a
small shell which occurs in the shales of the Hudson-river group,
_ and which, but for certain restrictions in the generic description,
might include those here referred to Tellinomya.
LYRODESMA ( Conrap).
Generic Cuaracters. “Kquivalved, inequilateral ; hinge-line with
eight diverging prominent cardinal teeth, transversely striated.”
Mr. ConrapD remarks that he ‘“‘was fortunate enough to obtain two fine
casts of this bivalve, with the teeth remarkably well represented.’’ The
figure given by Mr. ConraD, to illustrate this fossil, shows the hinge-line
with a continuous series of eight teeth. The typical species is L. plana.
I have refered to this genus a small shell from the Utica slate, which is
nearly equilaterial, with equally rounded extremities, and a few distinct
teeth on each side of the beak. This shell, L. pudchel/a, does not differ
186 | SENATE
from Tellznomya, to which it must be referred*. The shells of the Genus
Tellinomya are shown to differ from Nucula, Isoarca, Nuculites, and
Cucullella.
_ In addition to the species described under this genus in the first volume
of the Paleontology of New-York, may be added T. (Nucula) levata, T.
(Nucula) donaciformis, T.(Lyrodesma) pulchella; and also the following
species, described by Professor PH1LLips ( Memoirs Geological Survey
of Great Britain, vol. 2): Tellinomya (Nucula) coarctata, T. (Nucula)
deltordea, T. (Nucula) lingualis, T. (Nucula) rhomboidea.
* Since the publication of this article in the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, a
note from Mr. Conrap informs me that he never supposed the Genus Lyrodesma to
be related to Nucula. the teeth being quite different from those of that genus. My
reference, therefore, of ZL. pulchella was evidently erroneous, and is here corrected.
APPENDIX D.
MISCELLANEOUS.
——
HISTORICAL NOTICE.
In the Transactions of the Society for the Promotion of Agri-
culture, Arts and Manufactures, instituted in the State of New-
York, Part iv, 1799, is a Sketch of the Mineralogical History of
the State of New-York,
BY SAMUEL L. MITCHELL,
the Commissioner appointed to make a tour through the State of
New-York, in the vicinity of Hudson’s River.
It is deemed proper, in this connection, to record such an
exploration of a part of the State at so early a day, as an inte-
resting fact in the history of science. The volume which contains
the report may be found in the New-York State Library.
1
DONATIONS OF MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
1. GRANULAR GYPSUM, containing selenite, from Grand Rapids, Mich.
Presented by G. J. S. Cozsrpro.
2. Inp1an Revic found on the farm of Edward Riggs, Esq., Argyle,
Washington county.
Presented by J. S. M‘Ciaury, Walton, Delaware Co.
188 [ Senate
3. InDIAN Retic found in excavating Second-street, Albany, April 1856,
five feet below the surface.
4. Woop FRom Hatt or INDEPENDENCE, Philadelphia, erected in
1714 : this piece taken out during repairs in 1855.
Presented by R. W. Davis, Philadelphia.
5. Woop FRoM THE CHARTER OAK, Hartford, Conn., which fell Aug.
21, 1856. Presented by EH. A. Sevxrrx, Albany.
6. Prrcr or A Boms SueExu, found at Fort William Henry, about
three feet below the surface, Nov. 1, 1856.
Presented by A. Mztius, Albany.
7 A GuN, presented by Gen. Puinip ScuuyLer to JoHN HENRY
CLock, grandfather to CHRIsTOPHER Cock of St. Johnsyville,
Montgomery county, N.Y., and has remained one hundred years in
the Cuock family. Its length is 7 feet 53 inches, and its weight
163 lbs. The inscription P. D. 8S. 1728, is supposed to be the initials
of the father of Gen. SCHUYLER, and the date the time he received it.
Presented by CHRISTOPHER CLocK to LEANDER Fox, who presents
it to the State of New-York for the Historical Collections, as a relic
of olden times. March 31, 1856.
8. TWo LARGE SPECIMENS OF SULPHURET OF MERCURY, from the
New Almedan Mine, California.
Presented by R. H. Bacon, San Francisco.
The Regents are indebted to the following gentlemen for their
assistance in procuring the remains of a fossil elephant, exhumed
near Chittenango, in excavating the canal :
To JAMES STEWART, Hsq., of Amsterdam, for a tusk, tooth, vertebree,
ribs, and bones of the foot.
To H.C. Merrick, Esq., Civil Engineer of Cortland, for a tusk and
ribs. |
To Prof. A. K. Haron, of Clinton, for ribs, ete.
To CHarLes VAN Eppss, Hsq., of Sullivan, for a tooth,
To JAMES COLEMAN, of Sullivan, for a tooth and ribs.
To Mr. Ropert Wixson, of Chittenango, for a part of the underjaw.
No. 109.] 189
DONATIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY.
FROM PROFESSOR JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
OweEn’s GroLogicaL Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota.
Foster AND WHITNEY’S Report ¢ on the Geology of the Lake Superior
Land District.
AnnuaAL Reports of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, from
1849 to 1856.
Naturau History of the Freshwater Fishes of North America : By
CHARLES GIRARD.
INVESTIGATIONS, Chemical and Physiological, relative to certain Ameri-
can Vertebrata : By JosepH Jonss, M.D.
FLoraA AND Fatna within Living Animals : By JosrpH Lutpy.
Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan : By WiLLIam
STIMPSON.
CaTALOGuE of North-American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smith-
sonian Institution, Part I, Serpents : By 8. F. Barrp.
Report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution on the Fishes of
the New-Jersey Coast : By S. F. Barro.
SERPENTS OF NEW-YorkK : ByS. F. Barrp.
CaTALOGUE of the Described Coleoptera of the United States : By
FREDERICK ERNST MELSHEIMER.
Nores on New Species and Localities of microscopic organisms : By
Prof. J. W. BAILEY.
MicroscopicAL Observations made in South-Carolina, Georgia and
Florida : By Prof. J. W. BAILey.
MicroscoPpicaL Observations of the Soundings made by the Coast Sur-
vey: By Prof. J. W. BAILEY.
RESEARCHES on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases : By WoLcotr Gipss and
F. A. GENTH.
OBSERVATIONS on the Batis mantinea of Linneus : By JoHn TorREY.
On tHE Darlingtonia californica, a new pitcher-plant from North-
California : By Joun TorREY.
PLant# FREMONTANIZ4 ; or Descriptions of Plants collected by Col.
J.C, Fremont in California : By Jonn Torrey.
190 [ Senate
OBSERVATIONS on Mexican History and Archeology, with Special —
Notice of Tapotec Remains : By Branrz MAYER.
ABORIGINAL Monuments of the State of New-York : By H. G.
Squizr, A.M.
ANTIQUITIES of Wisconsin as surveyed and described : By J. A.
LAPHAM.
FROM HON. W. H. SEWARD.
Tur EXPLORATION of Valley of the Amazon, Parts 1 and 2 : Lieuts.
HARNDEN and GiBgBon, U.S.N.
Reports of an Expedition down the Zuni and Coloradoa rivers : Capt.
SiraReaves, U.S. A.
EXPLORATION of the Red River : Capt. Marcy, U.S. A.
RECONNAISANCE of the Routes from San Antonio to El Paso.
Unitep States Naval and Astronomical Expedition to the Southern
Hemisphere : Lieut. J. M. Gituis, U.S.N. 2 vols.
EXPEDITION to Japan : Com. PEerrRy. 2 vols.
DONATIONS :
FROM ROBERT HOWELL, ESQ., OF NICHOLS, TIOGA COUNTY.
A LARGE BOX OF FossiLs of the Chemung group.
FROM J. P. WALTERS, ESQ., OF ALBANY.
A FINE PAIR OF Moose Horns.
FROM H. C. MERRICK, ESQ., OF CORTLAND.
Tusk of a fossil elephant.
FROM 8. CHAMBERLAIN, ESQ., OF LEROY.
A BOX OF CORNIFEROUS FOSSILS.
FROM LORING ELLSWORTH.
Astrocrinites pachydactylus, from the Pentamerus limestone of Litch-
field, Herkimer county.
’ ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
» REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
‘ | State of New-Dork,
3 ON THE |
4 CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET
WATURAL HISTORY,
AND THE
"HISTORICAL AND oe COLLECTION
Ba is a
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
LLL III
4 Made to the Assembly, March 16, 1858.
4 eS aeSaEmS Oe Iam lliLOS OaOOONnw™
h-
x
i. ALBANY:
4a
4 ve VAN BENTILUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE,
3 No, 407 Broadway.
DE citer tees itr at ee Sky / par Ph SOP MAM Reker es eae
3 1858
3
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF THE
State of New-Dork,
ON THE
CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET
OF
PATURAL HISTORY,
AND THE
HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
LL ees
Made to the Assembly, March 16, 1858.
POO
NLP PD ODIO
ALBANY:
C. VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTER TO THE LEGISLATURE,
No. 407 Broadway.
eeecce
ii
a
STATE OF NEW YORK.
No. 163.
IN ASSEMBLY, MAR. 16, 1858.
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
TO THE HON. THOMAS G. ALVORD,
Speaker of the Assembly.
SIR:
I nave the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the Regents
of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History, and
the Historical and Antiquarian Collection connected therewith.
I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
Marce# 10, 1858.
| Assembly No. 168. | 1
ee
)
MR
A Wale hi
oer
iy
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1858.
GERRIT Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
JOHN GREIG, Vice-Chancellor.
JOHN A. KING, Governor, ex officio.
HENRY R. SELDEN, Lieutenant-Governor, ex officio.
GIDEON J. TUCKER, Secretary of State, ex officio.
HENRY H. VAN DYCK, Superintendent of Public Instruction, ez
officzo.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.
ERASTUS CORNING.
PROSPER M. WETMORE.
J. LORIMER GRAHAM.
JOHN M‘LEAN.
GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.
DAVID BUEL.
JAMES 8. WADSWORTH.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.
ROBERT CAMPBELL.
SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
JOHN N. CAMPBELL, D.D.
ERASTUS BENEDICT.
GEORGE W. CLINTON.
ISAAC PARKS.
LORENZO BURROWS.
SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE REGENTS.
SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET.
1857.
JOHN A. KING, Governor.
JOEL T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State.
REV. DR. CAMPBELL.
ERASTUS CORNING.
J. LORIMER GRAHAM.
1858.
JOHN A. KING, Governor.
HENRY R. SELDEN, Lieutenant-Governor.
GIDEON J. TUCKER, Secretary of State.
REV. DR. CAMPBELL.
J. LORIMER GRAHAM.
REPORT,
TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,
The Regents of the University
RespectFuLLY Report:
That the alterations in the Geological Hall, authorized by the
law of 1857, have been made, and the cases for the various
collections of the cabinet have been completed. The building is
now regarded by all who have visited it as well adapted to its
purposes; and is believed, in the elegance of its interior and the
convenience of its arrangements, to be unexcelled by any other
erected for a similar purpose.
The zoological collections which occupy the entire upper
story are completely arranged. The mammalia and birds of the
State are appropriately placed together in the central and wall
cases in the west end of the room. It has been the purpose to
gather here those animals which annually pass through the State,
as well as those which make it their habitat. There are a few
still wanting to make the collection complete, and we are ad-
monished that the rapid removal of the primeval forests and the
advance of civilization are constantly increasing the difficulty
of obtaining them. It is proposed soon to issue a catalogue of
these deficiencies, and it is presumed that many may be supplied
without expense by bringing them to public notice. While the
primary object of this part of the Cabinet has been to collect
the animals of the State, it has never been proposed to limit it to
these. The De Rham Collection which occupies one of the two
large central cases, contains many foreign specimens of great
beauty. It is respectfully submitted to the consideration of the
Legislature, whether valuable means of exchange may not be
8 | | ASSEMBLY |
obtained by securing animals which are hunted for the bounty
offered by the State, and by appealing to the generosity and state
pride of sportsmen. There are many cabinets in Europe which
are deficient in the animals of our forests, rivers and lakes,
from which valuable specimens might be obtained by a spec
of mutual exchange.
The department of conchology has never been full, and has
hitherto been but imperfectly arranged. We are indebted to Dr.
Witt1am Newcoms of this city for its beautiful arrangement, and
for more than two hundred specimens from his own extensive
collections. A large addition is expected, through the influence of
Dr. Newcome, from Mr. Cumine of England, who holds the
largest collection that has ever been gathered.
The arrangement of the departments of geology and mine-
ralogy will soon be completed. The advancing progress of
discovery is constantly adding new species of fossils to those
which were before known. The zeal of the present curator has
supplied many deficiencies; and the provision which is made for
collecting fossils for description in the fourth and fifth volumes
of the Paleontology of the State, will, on the completion of that
work, make the collections of this State of great fullness and
value. In this department our system of exchange will bring
rich returns, and will furnish to the student the most valuable ~
means of comparing the formations of our own State with those
of other parts of the world.
Within a few months, a large collection, gathered in the Geo-
logical Survey of Great Britain, has been received from Sir
Roprerick Murcuison, the eminent head of that survey. We hope
soon to be able fully to reciprocate this liberality, by sending in
return duplicates of the fossils of this State.
The Regents have been greatly desirous of obtaining the means
of exhibiting the natural resources of the State, in their appli-
cation to economical purposes. It is believed that persons engaged
in converting materials found in the earth into objects of utility
and beauty, will readily contribute whatever may be desirable;
and that at small expense a collection in economic geology may
be made, which will so exhibit our natural resources as to be a
just subject of pride to the citizens of the State.
No, 163.] 9
The Regents, as Curators of the State Cabinet, will continue to
apply the means placed at their disposal by the liberality of the
Legislature, for its preservation and increase, so as to make it both
in a scientific and economic view, an honor to the State, and a
means for the increase of knowledge and the advancement of
science. }
The following documents accompany this Report :
1. Catalogue of Geological Specimens from England.
2. Catalogue of Shells, presented by Dr. Newcoms.
3. Miscellaneous Contributions.
By Order of the Regents.
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
8. B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.
| Assembly, No. 163. | 2
10
ACCOUNT CURRENT.
The Regents of the University, in account current with the appropriation for pre-
serving and increasing the ‘‘ State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical
and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto,’’ and for defraying the incidental
expenses of the same.
1857.
Jan. 3.
DR.
To balance at the close of the last account (See Senate Doc. re Ne
TOS j05 OD) Sosaccognasasnsdacbdadanbbaogonosadsso5000 30006 - $179 78
To appropriation received from the Comptroller BOND OUOOUOIOUNO ereee 800 00
$979 78
CR.
By cash paid sundry persons......cesssecesccrens sleieje.ojeyele | INO sui nspil Ondty
By cash paid Mrs. L. C. Beck for the Herbarium of the late Dr. LEwis
(Oly IBS ddodoodaduacavb Ido 4dsoododanG6oLORed sgosdobo0 No. 2, 400 00
By cash paid J. A. Hurst, salary to March 1, 1857. . S00dd00005 «> No.3, 50 00
By cash paid for contingents ........0+sse+seenseascceene sees No.4, 13 75
By cash paid H. Jewett, curator, expenses in collecting fossils, No.5, 70 22
do do ge NO Os) 2 Hs
do do Nose 75 OD
By A oad J.A. Hurst, salary to June 1, 1857...... coseesee No.8, 50 00
By cash paid EH. Jewett, expenses in collecting..... saccseceses NO-9, 50 00
By cash paid for contingents....+ssssssseeseseee Rrotelstetctareteters No.10, 21 50
do do mioretereloreretersietere do00d6 dapodoodacue « No.1; 12 88
do GG Gbasdonoodose sdagobosuodogdGodsc No. 12, 7 48
By cash paid J. A. Hurst, salary to ‘date Biclcloleloleicheieteiete eteretoretore No.13, 50 00
By cash paid W. C. Little, Silliman’s Journal, 1857. .. No. 14, 5 00
By cash paid J. A. Hurst, salary to date........ geb00SD00000 No.15, 16 66
By cash paid Wells & Co., quarterly account ........e.s.eees No.16, 17 87
Balance to Mew ACCOUME « «sce /cicie »,+o1v cre oe clelclnie! eieielclelsielelelelstetetererete mmm SMMC
5979 78
——
CATALOGUE OF GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FROM ENGLAND.
Many of the Silurian Specimens having been labelled for several
years, some changes in the nomenclature are necessary, as well as
in the names of the formations to which the species are assigned.
Instead of relabelling them, the following list is subjoined, to
apply to those species marked with an *. The names will be found
for the most part to agree with Morris’s Catalogue, 2d edition,
1854, to which reference is made for the authorities.
+ The Llandeilo flags are now ascertained to be everywhere
below the Caradoc or Bala rocks ( “ Lower Silurian” in lists).
*LINGULA PHILLIPSII (mss.), Llandeilo (not Lingula) flags. 3
Aberciddy bay, Pembrokeshire.
*BELLEROPHON PERTURBATUS, Llandeilo flags. 1
Aberciddy boy.
*ORTHIS FLABELLULUM, va7. Lower Silurian ( Bala or Caradoc). 2
Llynn-Ogwen, Snowdon.
—— VESPERTILIO, do
*¥ ACTONIA, do
Treland.
*LEPTMNA SERICEA, do
* — vEeNuIcINcCTA (M‘Coy), do
¢
*STROPHOMENA EXPANSA, do
oS ee ANTIQUATA (Sowerby), Lower Llandovery rocks.
Haverford-west, Pembrokeshire.
*ATRYPA MARGINALIS, Lower Silurian ( Bala limestone.
Ireland.
*SERPULITES, tubes of ; do
12 | ASSEMBLY. ©
*NIDULITES FAVUS (Salter), Lower Llandovery rocks.
Haverford-west.
*TRINUCLEUS SETICORNIS, Lower Silurian, Caradoc or Bala.
North of Bala.
if le ORNATUS (now concentricus (), Llandeilo flags.
Mydrion, Carmarthenshire.
*CALYMENE BREVICAPITA, Lower Silurian, Bala beds.
Near Snowdon.
*HOMALONOTUS BISULCATUS, do
Near Bala.
*OTARION ( probably Cyphaspis, sp.), do
Ireland.
*CYTHERE UMBONATA, do
*PETRAIA SUBDUPLICATA, Lower Llandovery.
Haverford-west, Pembrokeshire.
*ORTHIS ELEGANTULA, Lower Silurian, Bala beds.
Bodnan. ‘
*SIPHONOTRETA MICULA, Llandeilo flags.
*PETRAIA ELONGATA, Llandovery beds ( formerly Upper
Caradoc, which is the same bed ).
*TENTACULITES ANGLICUS (Salter), do
*LEPTEZNA TRANSVERSALIS, do
*ALVEOLITES REPENS ( Linnzeus), regarded as the Favosites oculatus
(GoLpruss), by M‘Cor.
*SERPULITES LONGISSIMUS, Upper Ludlow.
Malvern and Woolhope.
*[LLEZNUS BARRIENSIS, Wenlock limestone.
*ORTHONOTA TRIANGULATA, (would be Grammysia, De Verneuil).
*RHYNCHONELLA SALTERII (now Retzza) : it has calcareous spires.
*PROTASTER MILTONI (Salter), &c. These three new starfish are to be
shortly published in the Decades : the genera are noticed in the British
Association Reports, 1856.
UPPER SILURIAN.
GRAPTOLITHES PRIODON, Wenlock shale. 2
Woodhouse, and S. of Lanbadara fawr.
FAVOSITES ALVEOLARIS, Wenlock limestone. 1
Dormington wood.
HELIOLITES INTERSTRUCTUS, do 2
Dormington wood.
C@NITES JUNIPERINUS, do 2
Dormington wood.
*ALVEOLITES SERIATOPOROIDES, do i
Dormington wood.
No. 163.]} 13
HALYSITES CATENULATUS, Wenlock limestone. 2
Dormington wood.
STROMBODES TYPUS, do 1
Dormington wood.
THECIA EXPATIATA, do 1
May hill.
OMPHYMA TURBINATA, do 4
Wenlock edge.
CYATHOPHYLLUM ARTICULATUM, do 2
Dormington wood.
CROTALOCRINUS RUGOSUS, do ii
Wenlock edge.
*SERPULITES LONGISSIMUS, . Upper Silurian. 2
Welch Court and Coomb Hill.
CORNULITES SERPULARIUS, Upper Ludlow. 1
W.of Kilbury Camp.
PHACOPS CAUDATUS (central part of head & tail), Wenlock limest. 2
Ledbury.
pssous Bf gickd ana toil) } Wenlock shale & L. Ludlow.
Dog’s hill and Vennal hill.
re bo
— DOWNINGIZ, Upper Ludlow. lg
Pound.
CALYMENE BLUMENBACHII (whole animal & tail), Wenlock limest. 1
Dudley.
— TUBERCULOSA (whole animal), Wenlock shale. 1
Burrington.
PROETUS LATIFRONS, Wenlock limestone. 2
Ledbury and Aukbridge P.
Fish Remains, Bone bed. De
Ludlow.
*[LLHZNUS BARRIENSIS, Upper Ludlow. 1
Ledbury.
ENCRINURUS VARIOLARIS, Wenlock limestone. 1
Wenlock edge.
SPIRIFER ELEVATUS, do 3
Walsall.
— PLICATELLUS, var. RADIATUS, Wenlock limestone. 1
Marloes bay E.
— PLICATELLUS, var. RADIATUS, do 2
Wenlock edge and Longhope.
2 PISUM, Wenlock limestone. 6
Wenlock edge and Longhope.
ATHYRIS TUMIDA, do D)
Rock farm.
ATRYPA RETICULARIS,
Marloes bay EH.
— RETICULARIS,
14 [ ASSEMBLY.
Wenlock.
Wenlock limestone.
Wenlock edge and E. of Camwood.
— MARGINALIS,
Wenlock edge.
RHYNCHONELLA BOREALIS,
Wenlock edge.
+ SALTERII,
Wenlock edge.
_ NUCULA,
Walsall.
— DEPRESSA,
Malverns.
— WILSONT,
do
do
do
do
W oolhope limestone.
Wenlock limestone.
Goldhill farm and Wenlock edge.
PENTAMERUS GALEATUS,
Wenlock edge.
ORTHIS RUSTICA,
Wenlock edge.
—_— ELEGANTULA,
Slate mill.
— HYBRIDA,
Wenlock edge.
STROPHOMENA DEPRESSA,
do
do
do 1 slab.
do
do
Rock farm and Dudley.
— EUGLYPHA,
Usk.
— EUGLYPHA,
Maltley.
— FILOSA,
Slate mill.
PTERINEA RETROFLEXA,
Kendal.
AVICULA DANBYI,
Kendal.
*ORTHONOTA TRIANGULATA,
Kendal.
= AMYGDALINA,
SE. of Llandeilo.
*PROTASTER MILTONT,
— LEPTOSOMA,
PALHOCOMA MARSTONI,
Leintwardine.
EUOMPHALUS RUGOSUS,
Wenlock edge.
Upper Silurian.
Wenlock limestone.
do
Upper Ludlow.
do
do
Ludlow and List.
Lower Ludlow. 2 slabs.
do 1 slab.
do 1 slab.
Wenlock limestone.
1
8
No. 163. | 15
_ EvomPHALvs DIscors, Wenlock limestone.
} Wenlock edge.
| — FUNATUS, do
| Wenlock edge.
-CAPULUS HALIOTIS, do
Wenlock edge.
ORTHOCERAS IBEX, Upper Ludlow.
Kendal.
— IMBRICATUM or BULLATUM, do
_ SUBUNDULATUM, Wenlock shale.
S. of Lanbadara fawr.
Annelide Tracks, Upper Devonian. 1 slab.
Braunton near Barnstaple.
CYATHOPHYLLUM C@SPITOSUM, Devonian.
Plymouth.
ATRYPA DESQUAMATA, do
Newton Bushell.
RHYNCHONELLA CUBOIDES, do
Newton and Hope.
STRINGOCEPHALUS BREVIROSTRUM, do
Plymouth.
PRoDUCTUS PREHELONGUS,
RHYNCHONELLA, Lower Carboniferous.
STROPHALOSIA CAPARATA,
Near Barnstaple.
TRIGONOCARPUM, Coal measures.
Peel quarry near Worsley.
MICcHELINEA MEGASTOMA, Carboniferous limestone.
. Kendal.
— TENUISEPTA, do
Kendal.
WoopDocRINUS MACRODACTYLUS, do
Yorkshire.
ACTINOCRINUS AMPHORA, do
Ballenaleek and Florence court.
PLATYCRINUS LAVIS, do
Ballenaleek.
— RUGOSUS, do
Ballenaleek and Florence court.
ARENICOLA CARBONARIA, Carboniferous sandstone. 1 slab.
Near Sheffield.
SPIRIFER STRIATUS, Carboniferous limestone.
Dovedale and Longnor.
— DECORUS, do
Longnor.
—_ DUPLICOSTATUS, do
Longnor.
bo
1
SPIRIFER GLABER,
Poolvash, Isle of Man.
RHYNCHONELLA ANGUL ATA,
Dovedale, Derbyshire.
ORTHIS RESUPINATA,
Longnor and Poolvash.
6
Carboniferous limestone.
do
do
— RESUPINATA, var. GIBBOSA, do
Poolvash.
STROPHOMENA CRENISTRIA,
do
Ronaldsway and Longnor.
ATHYRIS AMBIGUA,
Kildren, Tyrone.
LEPTANA DISTORTA,
Longnor.
STROPHALOSIA STRIATA,
Longnor.
PRODUCTUS FIMBRIATUS,
Longnor and Kendal.
— PUNCTATUS,
Longnor.
on GIGANTEUS,
Longnor and Ticknall.
MARTINI,
Longnor.
aa SCABRICULUS,
Longnor.
CoNOCARDIUM ALIFORME,
Longnor.
PARELLA RETRORSA,
Longnor.
METOPTOMA PILEUS,
Longnor.
EUOMPHALUS DIONYSII,
Longnor.
BELLEROPHON APERTUS,
Longnor.
GONIATITES CRENISTRIA,
Longnor.
— TRUNCATUS,
Longnor.
— VITTIGER,
Longnor.
— LISTERI,
Oldham.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Coal measures.
1 slab.
[AssEMBLY. x
No. 163.]
17
LOWER SILURIAN.
*LINGULA PHILLIPSII, Lingula flags. 3
Aberciddy bay.
*BELLEROPHON PERTURBATUS, do 1
Aberciddy bay.
DIDYMOGRAPHUS PERSCULPTUS, Lower Silurian ( Bala beds?) 1 slab.
Gogofan.
ORTHIS CALLIGRAMMA, va7. VIRGATA, do 1
Anglesea.
* — FLABELLULUM, Llandeilo flags. 2
Llyn Ogwen.
— VESPERTILIO, do 2
Bala.
* ACTONIA, Lower Silurian. 1
Chair of Kildare. ;
*“LEPTANA SERICEA, Llandeilo flags.
Bala.
— sp. I, do 2
Cerrig y druiddon.
%* — OBLONGA, Lower Silurian. 2
Chair of Kildare.
STROPHOMENA EXPANSA, do B}
Bala.
— SPIRIFEROIDES, do 8
Bala.
.‘ — sp- 1, do 2
Haverford west.
*TEREBRATULA MARGINALIS, do 1
Chair of Kildare.
SPIRIFER BIFORATUS, . do 2)
Chair of Kildare.
*SERPULITES sp. l, Llandeilo flags. 2
Bala. us
*NITIDULUS FAVUS, do l
Haverford-west.
PouLyzoa, Lower Silurian. D)
Chair of Kildare.
RETEPORA, do 2
Chair of Kildare.
OGYGIA BUCHII, Llandeilo flags. 4
Rhiw Rhewyeh Pencerrig, Trecoed and Carneddan Builth.
AMPYX NUDUS, Llandeilo flags. 3
Pencerrig and Builth.
ASAPHUS TYRANNUS, do (1 cast in plaster). 4
Llandeilo, Dynevor park.
| Assembly, No. 163. |
3
TRINUCLEUS FIMBRIATUS,
Trecoed, Builth.
18
Llandeilo flags.
. — SETICORNIS, do
Near Cerrig y druidion.
— LLOYDII, do
Llangaddoc.
+ ORNATUS, do’
Mydren.
CALYMENE BLUMENBACHII,
Lower Silurian.
Near Cerrig-y-druidion, North Wales.
* — BREVICAPITATA,
Llyn Ogwen.
— DUPLICATA,
Lower Silurian.
Landeilo flags.
Wellfield Builth and Trecoed.
ILLANUS BOWMANNI,
Chair of Kildare.
— DAVISII,
Rhewlas.
*HOMALONOTUS BISULCATUS,
Moel y Garnedd.
LicHAS: LAXATUS,
Lower Silurian.
do
Llandeilo flags.
Lower Silurian.
- Chair of Kildare and Wexford.
*OTARION sp.
Chair of Kildare.
*CYTHERE? UMBONATA,
; KE. of Bala lake.
DIPLOGRAPSUS PRISTIS,
Conway.
*PETRAIA SUBDUPLICATA,
do
Llandeilo flags.
Lower Silurian.
Llandeilo flags.
Gas-works Haverford-west.
HALYSITES CATENULITUS,
Taynor factory.
LICHAS HIBERNICUS,
Portrane, Dublin.
-CHEIRURUS SPECIOSUS,
Portrane, Dublin.
CARYOCYSTITES LITCHI,
Sholeshook.
SPHARONITES BALTICUS,
Sholeshook.
ACANTHOLEPIS JAMESII,
Wexford.
*ORTHIS ELEGANTULA,
Bodnan.
*SIPHONOTRETA MICULA,
Builth.
do
Lower Silurian.
do
do
do
do
do
Llandeilo shales.
[ ASSEMBLY.
1 & cast.
2 casts.
1 cast.
2
il
i
v
‘
— No. 163.] 19
ORTHOCERAS, Lower Silurian.
Chair of Kildare.
PALZOPYGA RAMSAYI, Lower Cambrian. 1 plaster cast.
Church Stretton.
OLDHAMIA ANTIQUA, Cambrian.
Wicklow.
— RADIATA, do
Wicklow.
LLANDOVERY ROCKS OR PENTAMERUS BEDS.
PENTAMERUS LENS, Pentamerus beds, or Upper Caradoc.
Tre coed Builth.
— OBLONGUS, Pentamerus beds.
Tre coed Builth.
— UNDATUS, do
Llandovery.
OrTHIS ELEGANTULA, va7. PARVA, do
Llandovery.
RHYNCONELLA ANGUSTIFRONS, do
N. of Maescefnyfordd.
FAVOSITES ALVEOLARIS, do
Llandovery.
LEPTEZNA TRANSVERSALIS, do
Llandovery.
ATRYPA RETICULARIS, do
Llandovery.
ORTHIS ELEGANTULA, do
Llandovery.
*PETRAIA ELONGATA, Upper Caradoc.
Malverns.
— SUBDUPLICATA, do
Malverns.
— — var. CRENULATA, do
Malverns.
— BINA, do
Malverns.
FAVOSITES ALVEOLARIS, do
Malverns.
CORNULITES SERPULARIUS, do
Malverns.
Slab containing NucULA sp., |
RHYNCHONELLA DECEMPLICATA, | Upper Cantibersendarne:
_ CoRNULITES SERPULARIUS and [|
*TENTACULITES ANNULATUS,
Obelisk lane, Malverns.
i)
20
ENCRINURUS PUNCTATUS,
Gunwick hill, Malverns.
PENTAMERUS LIRATUS, do
Malverns.
— OBLONGUS, ‘ do
Malverns.
— LENS, do
Malverns.
STROPHOMENA PECTEN, do
Malverns.
— ARENACEA, do
Malverns.
ATRYPA RETICULARIS, do
Malverns.
— — var. ORBICULARIS, do
Malverns.
ORTHIS CALLIGRAMMA, do
Malverns.
*LEPTHNA TRANSVERSALIS, Caradoc shale.
Malverns.
RHYNCHONELLA DECEMPLICATA, Upper Caradoc sandstone.
Cowley Park and Plas Madoc.
(
PERMIAN. .
Fossil Wood, Permian.
Ashby de la Zouch. :
TEREBRATULA ELONGATA, do
Humbleton.
CAMAROPHORIA GLOBULINA, do
Tunstall.
— MULTIPLICATA, do
Humbleton.
ses SCHLOTHEIMI, do
Humbleton and Tunstall.
STROPHALOSIA MORRISIANA, do
Humbleton and Tunstall.
PRODUCTUS HORRIDUS, do
Humbleton.
BAKEWELLIA ANTIQUA, do
Humbleton.
MYALINA ACUMINATA, do
Silksworth.
VoLTzIA, New Redsandstone.
Near Market Drayton.
Upper Caradoc.
[ AssBMBLY.
a
1 mass.
1
4
No. 163.] |
HEsTHERIA MINUTA,
Newent. ©
NAIADITES ACUMINATA,
Near Bristol.
DIADEMA MINIMUM,
Cheltenham.
RHYNCHONELLA RIMOSA,
Stonehouse.
— MOORET,
Gloucestershire.
OsTREA LEH VIUSCULA,
Chipping Camden.
PECTEN SINGULATUS?
Chipping Camden.
CRENATULA? VENTRICOSA,
Chipping Camden.
LimA GIGANTEA jun.
Frethern.
— PECTINOIDES,
Chipping Camden.
21
New Redsandstone. 1 slab.
Lower Lias.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Myacites ( LUTRARIA) UNIONIDES,do
Chipping Camden.
CARDIUM TRUNCATUM,
Chipping Camden.
ARCA TRUNCATA, 5
Chipping Camden.
= ELONGATA,
Chipping Camden.
GONIOMYA LITERATA,
: Chipping Camden.
CARDINIA LANCEOLATA,
Near Gloucester.
BELEMNITES ACUTUS,
Cheltenham.
= PISTILLIFORMIS,
Cheltenham.
AMMONITES PLANICOSTATUS,
Chipping Camden.
— OXYNOTUS,
Cheltenham.
— CARUSENSIS,
Stonehouse.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
= ANGULIFERUS? (Phillips), do
Denbury hill, Warwickshire.
1 slab.
6 and slab.
Added Silurians,
29 | ASSEMBLY.
OPHIODERMA EGERTONI, Marlstone. Pasa |
Lyme Regis.
SPIRIFER WALCOTTI, Middle Lias ( Marlstone). 6
Near Radstock.
TEREBRATULA PUNCTATA, do do 5)
S. of Paulton, &c.
RHYNCHONELLA TRIPLICATA, do do 3
S.of Paulton.
— TETRAHEDRA, do do 4
Near Yeovil.
LINGULA BEANII, do do 2
Struchcombe.
PECTEN AQUIVALVIS, do do ah
Gloucestershire.
— DEMISSUS, do do 1
Gloucestershire.
CARDINIA HYBRIDA, do 2
Bridgend.
CARDIUM TRUNCATUM, do 3
Nibley Green.
ARCA TRUNCATA, do )
Nibley Green. ;
MYACITES ROTUNDATUS, do 92
Near Radstock.
PLEUROTOMARIA EXPANSA, doo." 9
Near Radstock.
— ANGLICA, do 2
Near Paulton.
BELEMNITES BRUGUIERI, do 6
Dorsetshire, &e.
— ELONGATUS, do 4
Struchcomhe.
AVICULA NOVEMCOSTA, Marlstone. 1
Gloucestershire. ,
UNICARDIUM CARDIOIDES, do il
Gloucestershire.
MYACITES UNIONIDES (Goldfuss), do 2
Gloucestershire.
AMMONITES SPINATUS, do )
Gloucestershire.
— SERPENTINUS, Upper Lias. 1
Struchcombe.
— BIFRONS, do 3
Alham.
—_ ANNULATUS, do 3
Alham.
No. 163. ] 23
AMMONITES THOARENSIS ( D’Orbigny), Upper Lias.
Near Sandford orcas.
— soLARiIs ( Phillips), do
Dorsetshire.
BELEMNITES COMPRESSUS, do
Dorsetshire.
PYGASTER SEMISULCATUS, Inferior Oolite.
Near Cheltenham.
NUCLEOLITES SINUATUS, mi do
Near Cheltenham.
DYSASTER RINGENS, do
Burton Bradstock.
HoLECTYPUS HEMISPHARICUS, do
Burton Bradstock.
— DEPRESSUS, do
Near Frome.
ECHINUS PERLATUS, do
Cheltenham.
DIADEMA DEPRESSA, do
Cheltenham.
TEREBRATULA ORNITHOCEPHALA, do
- Egford near Frome.
— PEROVALIS, do
Near Cheltenham.
— PHILLIPSII, ‘ do
Near Sherborne, &c.
— GLOBATA, do
Near Cheltenham.
— SPH ZROIDALIS, do
Dorsetshire.
— MAXILLATA, do
Pen hill.
— FIMBRIA, do
Cotteswolds.
— CARINATA, do
Miserden.
RHYNCHONELLA SPINOSA, do
Stroud.
— OBSOLETA, do
Stroud.
— VARIANS, do
Whatley near Frome.
—_ ANGULATA, do
Stanley hill, Gloucestershire.
PECTEN LENS, do
Cheltenham.
24
LrMA PECTENIFORMIS, Inferior Qolite.
Cheltenham and Cleeryecloud.
— GIBBOSA, do
Stroud.
— DUPLICATA, do
Stanley hill.
MopDIOLA SOWERBYANA, do
Stanley hill.
i “@iBROEA, "do
Whaitley.
CARDIUM STRIATULUM, do
Hadspen.
TRIGONIA COSTATA and east, do
Cheltenham.
AsTARTE OBLIQUA, do
Burton cliff.
— EXCAVATA, do
Bradford Abbas.
GRESSLYA PEREGRINA, do
Greenland.
MYACITES DECURTATA, ‘ do
Loders.
— SECURIFORMIS, do
Burton Bradstock.
PHOLADOMYA PRODUCTA, do -
Iron bridge, Gloucester.
—_ MURCHISONIA, do
Cheltenham.
— AMBIGUA, do
Cheltenham.
_— FIDICULA, do
Procester hill. "
PLEUROTOMARIA GRANULATA, do
Near Bridport harbour.
TROCHUS DUPLICATUS, do
Smokeham.
TEREBRA LINEATA, do :
Burton clit.
BELEMNITES ABBREVIATUS, do
Camdown.
— ELLIPTICUS, do :
Compton Pauncefoot.
= SULCATUS, do
Dorsetshire.
— BLAINVILLII, do
‘Dorsetshire.
No. 163. | 25
AMMONITES CONCAVUS, Inferior Oolite.
Near Yeovil.
— MURCHISONIA, do
Dorsetshire.
TEREBRATULA ORNITHOCEPHALA, Fuller’s earth.
Near Maperton.
— GLOBATA, do
Hawkesbury Upton.
RHYNCHONELLA TETRAHEDRA, do
Lamyat beacon.
— CONCINNA, do
Cheltenham.
OsTREA ACUMINATA, do 3 slabs.
Rushmere farm and Hawkesbury Upton.
PECTEN VAGANS, do
Rushmere farm.
MopIoLA GIBBOSA, do
Radstock.
BELEMNITES SULCATUS, do
Pendomer.
PTEROPHYLLUM COMPTUM, Oolite shale.
Yorkshire.
TEREBRATULA MAXILLATA, Great Oolite.
Gloucestershire.
— DIGONA, do
Gloucestershire.
RHYNCHONELLA CONCINNA, do
Sapperton.
OsTREA SOWERBYT, do
Sharnbrook.
Tooth of Sauroid Fish, do Stonesfield slate.
Stonesfield.
RHYNCHONELLA FURCATA, Bradford clay.
Bradford.
TEREBRATULA MAXILLATA, Forest marble.
Pickwick, Wiltshire.
CHEMNITZIA VARIABILIS, do clay.
Lacock.
NUCLEOLITES CUNICULARIS, Cornbrash.
Oxford hill, Frome.
DIADEMA DEPRESSA, do
Near Buckland, Dorsetshire.
TEREBRATULA INTERMEDIA, do
Stony Stoke.
— DIGONA, do
Stalbridge.
| Assembly No. 163. ] 4
(Se)
26
TEREBRATULA OBOVATA, Cornbrash.
Dorsetshire.
RHYNCHONELLA CONCINNA, do
Near Melbury Osmond.
AVICULA ECHINATA, do
Near Frome.
PEOTEN VAGANS, do
Stony Stoke, Burton.
OSTREA RUGOSA, do
Dorsetshire.
PHOLADOMYA MURCHISONI&, do
EK. Coker.
GRESSLYA PEREGRINA, do
Bishop’s Caundle.
MYACITES SECURIFORMIS, do
Ryme, Map 18.
— DECURTATA, do
Hentsbridge.
AMMONITES ELIZABETHA, Oxford clay.
Christian Malford.
— LAMBERTI, ‘ do
Isle of Skye.
THECOSMILEA ANNULARIS, Coral rag.
Steeple Ashton.
THAMNASTREA ARACHNOIDES, do
Steeple Ashton.
STYLINA TUBULIFERA, do
Steeple Ashton.
NUCLEOLITES SCUTATUS, do
Dorsetshire.
HEMICIDARIS INTERMEDIA, do
Calne.
MYACITES DECURTATA, do
Abbotsbury.
TRIGONIA COSTATA?2 do
Near Devizes.
LITHODOMUS INCLUSUS, do
Near Devizes.
OSTREA GREGARIA, do
Near Devizes.
— SANDALINA? ( Phillips), do
Todbere.
PECTEN FIBROSUS, do
Near Devizes.
CHEMNITZIA, do
Bourton.
[ ASSEMBLY.
2
5
Ny
No. 163. ] ue
Narica, Coral rag.
Hazlebury Bryan.
RHYNCHONELLA INCONSTANS, Kimeridge clay.
Ringstead bay.
OsTREA DELTOIDEA, do
Ringstead bay.
CARDIUM STRIATULUM, do
Near Devizes.
MYACITES RECURVA, do
Ringstead bay.
PLEUROTOMARIA RETICULATA, do
Near Devizes.
PATELLA LATIOSIMA, do
Ringstead bay.
IsASTREA OBLONGA, Portland stone.
Tisbury.
CYCADOIDEA MICROPHYLLA, Purbeck.
; Isle of Portland.
HEMICIDARIS PURBECKENSIS, do
Swanage.
Insect and Vegetable remains, do
Swanage.
Hysonus (tooth), do
Swanage.
LEPIDOTUS MINOR (whole fish), do
Swanage.
ENDOGENITES EROSA, Wealden.
Isle of Wight.
CYPRIDEA VALDENSIS, do
Isle of Wight.
— TUBERCULATA, do
Isle of Wight.
CYRENA MEDIA, do
Hastings.
LEPIDOTUS MANTELLI, do
Hastings.
HOoLocYsTIS ELEGANS, Lower Greensand.
Sandown, Isle of Wight.
VERMETUS POLYGONALIS, do
Atherfield.
MEYERIA MAGNA, do
Atherfield.
TEREBRATULA SELLA, do
Atherfield.
RHYNCHONELLA GIBBSIANA, do
Isle of .Wight.
1 slab.
28 [ AssEMBLY. —
EXOGYRA SINUATA, Lower Greensand. B
Atherfield and Isle of Wight.
— HARPAA, do 1
Sandown.
ANOMIA LEZ VIGATA, do 1
Atherfield.
PEcTEN APTIENSIS, do >
Sandown.
— QUINQUECOSTATUS, do 2s
Sandown.
PINNA TETRAGONA, do 1
Atherfield.
GERVILLIA ALAFORMIS, do 1
Blackgang Chene, Isle of Wight.
— ANCEPS, do 1
Atherfield.
ASTARTE OBOVATA, do 1
Sandown.
VENUS PARYVA, do 9
Sandown and Hast-Shalford.
CYPRINA ANGULATA, do af
Hast-Shalford.
CYPRINA sp. do 1
Haslemere.
CoRBULA STRIATULA, do 1
Athertfield.
MoproLA REVERSA, do 1
Atherfield.
THETIS MINOR, de 2
Atherfield and Sandown.
MYACITES PLICATA, do 3
Atherfield and Sandown.
ARCA RAULERIA, ; do 3
Atherfield.
_ GLABRA, do 2
Atherfield and Sandown.
ROSTELLARIA ROBISCALDINA, do 2
Atherfield.
TORNATELLA FORBESIANA, do BY
Atherfield.
AMMONITES MARTINI (fragments), do 2
Sandown.
— DESHAYESITI, do Ps
Atherfield.
HAMITES GIBBOSUS, Gault. 2
Folkstone.
No. 163. ]
ORBITOLITES COMPLANATUS,
Warminster.
MIcROBACIA CORONULA,
Warminster.
DIADEMA ROTATA,
Warminster.
DISCOIDEA SUBUCULUS,
Warminster.
CATOPYGUS CARINATUS,
Warminster.
VERMILCA AMPULLACEA,
Warminster.
SERPULA PLEXUS,
Warminster.
SERPULA sp.
Warminster.
TEREBRATULA BIPLICATA,
Warminster.
RHYNCHONELLA GRASIANA,
Warminster.
MYACITES MANDIBULA,
Near Devizes.
THETIS MAJOR,
Near Devizes.
CYPRINA OBLONGA,
Near Devizes.
CYPRINA sp.
Near Devizes.
ARCA CARINATA,
Near Devizes.
ARCA sp.
Near Warminster.
AMMONITES VARIANS,
Near Warminster.
TROCHOSMILIA SULCATA,
Cambridge.
GALERITES CASTANEA,
Dorsetshire.
TEREBRATULA OBTUSA,
Dorsetshire.
— BIPLICATA,
Dorsetshire.
RHYNCHONELLA COMPRESSA,
Maiden Bradley.
_TEREBRATULINA GRAOCILIS,
Cambridge.
29
Upper Greensand.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Chloritie marl.
do
do
do
do
do
Oo
bo
bS
ie
b
30 [ ASSEMBLY.
ARCA FIBROSA? Chloritic marl. 2
Dorsetshire.
CYPRINA sp. 2, do 2
Near Devizes.
PLEUROTOMARIA MOREAUSIANIA, do 2
Dorsetshire.
SoLARIUM ORNATUM, do 2
Cambridge.
NOTOPOCORYSTES STOKESII, do 1
Cambridge.
ScAPHITES AQUALIS, do 1
Dorsetshire.
AMMONITES VARIANS, do 2
Dorestshire.
a INFLATUS, do 1
Cambridge.
LAMNA sp. do 3
Cambridge.
OTODUS APPENDICULATUS, do 4
Whitenore.
SAUROCEPHALUS LANCIFORMIS, do 3
Cambridge.
UPPER EOCENE.
CHARA TUBERCULATA, Bembridge limestone. 1
Whitecliff.
PLANORBIS ROTUNDATUS, do 1
Binstead.
— EUOMPHALUS, do af
Binstead.
— DISCUS, do 5
Sconce.
PALUDINA ANGULOSA, do 2
Sconce.
— GLOBULOIDES, do 1 mass.
Isle of Wight.
LINN/A LONGISCATA, do 2 & slab.
Cliffend.
BULIMUS ELLIPTICUS, do 2
Sconce.
ACHATINA COSTELLATA, do Dy)
Sconce.
HELIX OCCLUSA, do 2
Sconce.
— VECTENSIS, do 3
Sconce.
No. 163.]
HELIX DURBANI,
Sconce.
CYcLOTUS CINCTUS,
Sconce.
CARPOLITHES OVULUCRA,
Hempstead.
— THALICTROIDES,
Hempstead.
CAUDONA FORBESII,
Hempstead.
MELANIA FASCIATA,
Hempstead.
— MURICATA,
Hempstead
— INFLATA,
Hempstead.
— FASCIATA, &e. &e.
Hempstead.
PALUDINA LENTA,
Hempstead.
CERITHIUM PLICATUM,
Hempstead.
— MUTABILE,
Hempstead.
RIssoA CHASTELLI,
Hempstead.
HyYpDROTIA PUPA and
CYRENA SEMIOTRIATA,
Hempstead.
CYRENA SEMIOTRIATA,
Hempstead.
— OBOVATA,
Hempstead.
CYTHEREA INCRASSATA,
Quere ?
CoRBULA PISUM,
Hempstead.
—— VECTIENSIS,
Hempstead.
UNIO GIBBSITI,
Hempstead.
EcHINOCYAMUS PUSILLUS,
Alderton.
CYPRHA EUROPA,
Quere ?
CARDIUM EDULE,
Colchester.
31
Bembridge limestone.
do 1 mass.
Hempstead series. 1 slab.
do 1 slab.
do 1 slab.
do 1 slab.
Bembridge marls. 15 and slab.
Upper Hocene. 12 and slab.
do
do 1 slab.
do
Bembridge marls.
Upper Eocene.
do 10 and slab.
do 2 and slab.
do
Bembridge marls.
Upper Eocene.
do
do
Red crag.
Crag.
Pleistocene marine.
20
TELLINA SOLIDULA,
Colchester.
CYRENA TRIGONULA,
Gray’s Hssex.
ASTARTE COMPRESSA,
Clyde.
LITTORINA LITTORALIS,
Colchester.
— LITTOREA,
Dalmuir.
BuccINUM UNDATUM,
Colchester.
BITHINIA TENTACULATA,
Gray’s Hssex.
ZUA LUBRICA,
Copford.
HELIX ROTUNDATA,
Copford.
SPONGIA PLANA,
Yorkshire.
— RADICIFORMIS,
Yorkshire.
PARASMILIA CENTRALIS,
Northfleet.
ANANCHYTES OVATUS,
Grayesend.
MICRASTER CORANGUINUM,
Gravesend.
GALERITUS ALBOGALERUS,
Gravesend.
= SUBROTUNDUS,
Gravesend.
— DIXONT,
Dover.
CYPHOSOMA COROLLARE,
Grayesend.
CIDARIS CLAVIGERA,
Gravesend.
BoURGUETICRINUS ELLIPTICUS
(1 root and x joints),
Gravesend.
TEREBRATULA SEMIGLOBOSA,
32
Pleistocene marine.
Pleistocene freshwater.
Pleistocene marine.
Pleistocene marine.
Pleistocene marine.
Pleistocene marine.
Pleistocene freshwater.
Pleistocene.
Pleistocene.
Upper Chalk.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
ob
do
Gravesend and near Lewes.
TEREBRATULINA GRACILIS,
Northfleet.
RHAYNCHONELLA MANTELLIANA,
Northfleet.
do
do
[ AssEMBLY. a
6
3
“Tr
bo
is)
No. 168. |
RHYNCHONELLA OCUVIERI,
Isleham.
PECTEN NITIDUS,
Gravesend.
Strzated Flints,
Northfleet.
3o3
Lower Chalk.
Upper Chalk.
do
LOWER EOCENE.
OsTREA BELLOVICINA,
CYRENA DEPERDITA,
CYRENA CUNEIFORMIS,
RissoA PARKINSONI,
MELANIA INQUESIATA,
PINNA AFFINIS,,
Woolwich.
do
do
do
do
Alum bay, Isle of Wight.
PENTACRINITES SUB-BASALTIFORMIS, Islington.
DitRvuPA PLANA,
CYTHEREA TRANSVERSA,
CARDIUM SEMIGRANULATUM,
NucULA AMYGDALOIDES,
CARDITA PLANICOSTA,
NvUcULA BOWERBANKII,
CRYPTODON ANGULATUM,
PEOCTUNCULUS DECUSSATUS,
TEREDO ANTENANTA,
PHOLADOMYA MARGARITACEA,
PANOPHA INTERMEDIA,
OsTREA BELLOVICINA,
CALYPTRHA TROCHIFORMIS,
NATICA GLAUCINOIDES,
APORRHAIS SOWERBYII,
CANCELLARIA LEVIUSCULA,
PLEUROTOMA sp.
TURRITELLA IMBRICATARIA,
NAUTILUS IMPERIALIS,
_Navrinus cENTRALIS,
[ Assembly No. 163. ]
Whitecliff bay.
Alum bay.
do
do
Near London.
Clarendon and Salisbury.
Near London.
do
Bognor.
Whetstone.
Alum bay.
do
do
do
do
Clarendon cutting.
do
do
do /
Near London.
do
1 mass. .
S| ~ or bs bd bw
RPE PpPWONOEHFEP DHE HE WOR PDD HY Ee
34 [ ASSEMBLY.
MIDDLE EOCENE.
CARDITA PLANICOSTA, Bracklesham. 2
TURRITELLA IMRRICATARIA, do 4
LAMNA ELEGANS, do 2
OTODUS APPENDICULATUS, do 1
NUMMULITES PLANULATUS, Alum bay, I. of Wight. 1 mass.
NUMMULITES LHVIGATUS, do 20
OsTREA FLABELLULA, Barton. 4.
PECTEN RECONDITUS, do 3
PLEUROTOMA COLON, do eink)
— PRISOA, do 2
— CONOIDES, : do 3
— EXORTA, do 8
= PLEBEIA, do 3
— ROSTRATA, do 2
NATICA LABELLATA, do 2
— EPIGLOTTINA, do 3
au AMBULACRUM, do’ 5
CASSIDARIA STRIATA, do 3
CANCELLARIA EVULSA, do 4
PYRULA NEXILIS, do 2
STROMBUS BARTONENSIS, do 5
AcTMHA SIMULUS, do 4
TRITON ARGUTUS, do 3
SoLARIUM CANALICULATUM, do 3
SoLARIUM PLICATUM, do 2
OsTREA FLABELLULA, do 3
CYTHEREA INCRASSATA, Brockenhurst. 4
CARDITA DELTOIDEA, do 4
CYRENA OBOVATA, do 6
Eusts LONG VUs, do 3
VOLUTA SOLANDRI? do 1
PLEUROTOMA COLON, do 2
PoTAMIDES CINCTUS, do 3
PoTAMIDES VENTRICOSUM? do 2
LAMNA ELEGANS, do 3
CHARA LYELLII, Colwell bay. x
OsTREA COCHLEARIA, do 3
CYTHEREA INCRASSATA, do 3
CYRENA PULCHRA, do 2
~ No. 163.]
MIDDLE EOCENE.
PALUDINA LENTA,
PLANORBIS EUOMPHALUS,
CERITHIUM ELEGANS,
— CONCAVUM,
— TRIZONATUM,
— VENTRICOSUM,
MELANIA FASCIATA,
MELANIA MURICATA,
ANCILLARIA BUCCINOIDES,
MELANOPSIS BUCCINOIDES,
BuccinIuM LABIATUM,
NERITINA CONCAVA,
NATICA DEPRESSA,
CAUDONA FORBESII,
Plant Impressions,
POTAMOMYA PLANA,
CYRENA OBOVATA,
LIMNHA LONGISCATA,
LIMNHA PYRAMIDALIS,
MELANOPSIS CARINATA,
MELANIA MURICATA,
PECTUNCULUS DELETUS,
PECTUNCULUS COSTATUS,
LIMOPSIS SCALARIS,
CHAMA SQUAMOSA,
CRASSATELLA SULCATA,
CARDITA SULDATA,
CARDIUM TURGIDUM,
CoRBULA PISUM,
— FICUS,
— CUSPIDATA,
CYTHEREA OBLIQUA,
TELLINA AMBIGUA,
SANGUINOLARIA COMPRESSA,
NvUcULA SsIMILIS,
VOLUTA ATHLETA,
— LACTATRIX,
— AMBIGUA,
— SOLANDRI,
Colwell bay.
Sconce point.
Headon hill.
Colwell bay.
Headon hill.
do
do
Colwell bay,
do
do
do
do
do
Cliffend.
Alum bay.
Colwell bay.
do
do
Headon hill.
Cliffend.
do
Barton.
do
do
do
do
do
do
Alum bay.
Barton.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
4 and 1 slab.
1 slab.
4 and i slab.
2. and 1 slab.
1 slab.
1 slab.
1 slab.
1 mass and
DP ONWHE RN WW oO BR BP oO B
36
MIDDLE EOCENE.
VoOLUTA SCABRICULA,
— HUMEROSA,
— SCALARIS,
FUsUS CANALICULATUS,
_ LONG VUS,
— FICULUCUS,
_ REGULARIS,
— BULBIFORMIS,
— ERRANS,
— PORRECTUS,
BUCCINUM LAVATUM,
—_ JUNCEUM,
— DESERTUM,
TYPHIS PUNGENS,
TYPHIS FISTULOSUS,
MUREX MINAX,
MUREX ASPER,
OLIVA BRANDERI,
ANCILLARIA CANALIFERA,
ANCILLARIA BUCCINOIDES,
CoNUS DORMITOR,
CoNUS SCABRICULA,
TEREBELLUM SOPITA,
TROCHUS MONILIFER,
TURRITELLA IMBRICATARIA,
CALYPTRHA TROCHIFORMIS,
PHORUS AGGLUTINANS,
ROstELLARIA RIMOSA,
ROsTELLARIA AMPLA,
DENTALIUM STRIATUM,
SERPULA HEPTAGONA,
Barton.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
| AssEMBLY. —
co bD et BO
OCoweownrinbNr nNNNP A tS hk Pe HM BS DO pO w
3 and 1 slab.
bo Or o> or or &
1564
i.
CATALOGUE OF SHELLS,
PRESENTED BY W. NEWCOMB, M.D., TO THE STATE COLLECTION
1858.
List. Name.
CYTHEREA HIEROGLYPHICA, Conrad.
CYTHEREA ALBINA, Lamarck.
CrrcE EQUIVOCA, Lamarck.
Circe GIBBIA, Lamarck.
CYLENE SINENSIS, Sowerby.
TAPES INFLATA, Lamarck.
TAPES MALABARICA, Chemnitz.
VENUS PUERPERA, Lamarck.
— SCABRA, Linneus.
— FLEXUOSUS, Linneus.
PERUA CALIFORNICA, Conrad.
LINGULA OVALIS, Sowerby.
CARDIUM FRAGUM, Linneus.
PECTEN ZICzZAC, Linneus.
15 PANDORA TRILINEATA, Say.
16 PECTEN PLEURONECTES, Linneus.
17 PINNA saccaTA, Linneus.
18 Pinna muRICATA, Linneus.
19 PHoLAS costTaTA, Linneus.
90 PEcTEN IRRADIANS, Lamarck
91 Arca GRANOSA, Lamarck.
22 CYRENA CAROLINENSIS, Lamarck.
23 TRITON SPENGLERII, Lamarck.
omit noake oF Ww eH
a
nm who eH oO
No.
bw Co eo eH be HY he Oh ee
Le a DS NO ee
Locality.
Sandwich islands.
West Indies.
Australia.
China.
China.
Australia.
Bombay.
Guam.
China.
China.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
East Indies.
West Indies.
New-Jersey.
China.
Sandwich islands.
South-Carolina.
Cuba.
New-York.
Bombay.
Georgia.
Australia.
Name.
CERITHIUM LINEATUM, Lamarck.
— ALuCO, Bruguzere.
— NODULOSUM, Bruguiere.
— FLUVIATILE, Potzer.
PERSONA ANUS, Linneus.
TRITON TUBEROSUS, Lamarck.
TRITON BRACTRIATUS, Hinds.
NERITINA DELESTERMII, Petzt.
NERITINA VESPERTINA, IVuttall.
NERITINA CARIOSA, Gray.
LITTORINA NEWCOMBIANA, Reeve.
MELANIA ASPERATA, Lamarck.
—_ MARIENSIS, Lea.
— TRANSVERSA, Lea.
— LECONTIANA, Lea.
— CATENOIDEA, Lea.
— HASTULA, Lea.
CHITON AUSTRALIS, Sowerby.
a DISPAR, Sowerby.
= INCEI, Adams.
CypR@A ACHATINA, Solander.
— ARGUS, Linneus.
= MAPPA, Linneus.
= TESTUDINARIA, Linneus.
_ EROSA, Linneus.
— cAuRICA, Linnaeus.
— LYNX, Linneus.
OLIVA AXEMULINA, Lamarck.
2 CARNEOLA, Linneus.
— EPISCOPALIS, Lamarck.
— GuTTATA, Lamarck.
Hevix LActsA, Miller.
HELIX BAJADERA, Pfezffer.
Helices to fill up about one dozen species.
Buiimus oBLoNGA, Midler.
— ZEBRA, Miller.
— FULGURATUS, Jay.
— MALLEATUS, Jay.
ACHATINA FASCIATA, Miler.
ACHATINA GRANOSA, Pfeiffer.
No.
bo co 02 eH! b> bD pH bw
i
pe
on
mH rm peop De ee ee YH HY eB
pi
[AssemBLy.
Locality.
Pacific.
Pacific.
Australia.
Bombay.
China.
Fejees.
Sandwich islands.
Guam.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Manilla.
Sandwich islands.
Guiana.
Georgia.
Georgia.
Guam.
Australia.
Panama.
Australia.
American.
a
‘a
N
a
K
No. 163. |
List.
64
65
66
67
68
69
100
101
102
103
Name.
ACHATINELLA ALBOLABRIS, Newcomb.
—
39
VITREA, Newcomb.
LORATA, Fer.
RUTILE, Newcomb.
TAPPANIANA, Adams.
MUSTELLINA, Mighels.
TESSELLATA, JVewcomb.
COLORATA, Reeve.
LUGUBRIS, Chemnitz.
POLITA, Newcomb.
BACCA, Reeve.
TETRAO, JVewcomb.
DECIPIENS, IVewcomb.
MASTERSII, Newcomb.
PUPOIDEA, Newcomb.
cASTA, Newcomb.
TRISTIS, Fer.
PORPHYRIA, Newcomb.
TURRITELLA, Fer.
NIGRA, Newcomb.
sonor, Newcomb.
cuRTA, INewcomb.
vENUSTA, Mighels.
AFFINIS, Newcomb.
LABIATA, IVewcomb.
CRASSILABRIS, Newcomb.
NITIDA, Newcomb.
THNIOLATA, Pfezfer.
FuMOSA, Newcomb.
SANGUINEA, IVewcomb.
MIGHELSIANA, Pfezffer.
cirtRiInA, Mghels.
crstTus, Newcomb.
VARIABILIS, Newcomb.
ApusTA, Reeve.
SPLENDIDA, Newcomb.
GOULDII, Newcomb.
OLIVACEA, Reeve.
BELLA, Reeve.
STEWARTII, Green.
i}
OrW WN MAPA TR AN DOWwWNHOAAERE aA we Pp ROR OR Or ow Bp RR @ pw Z
(=)
List. Name.
104 ACHATINELLA MELANOSTOMA, IVewcomb.
105 —
106 —
107 —
WOS oS
109° —
40
REDFIELDII, Newcomb.
cRASSA, Newcomb.
VIRIDANS, Mighels.
ABBREVIATA, Reeve.
PERVERSA, Swainson.
‘PERVERSA Var., Swainson.
vireuLata, Mighels.
VIRGULATA var., Mighels.
VIRGULATA var., Mighels.
nuFA, Newcomb.
BuDDII, Newcomb.
ROSEA, Swaznson.
RETICULATA, IVewcomb.
RUGOSA, Newcomb.
VENTULUS, Fer.
BIPLICATA, JVewcomb.
OBESA, JVewcomb.
GLABRA, Newcomb.
SwiFTir, Newcomb
ELEGANS, Newcomb.
TURGIDA, Newcomb.
BALDWINII, Newcomb.
MODESTA, Adams.
INTERMEDIA, IVewcombd.
RUBENS, Gould.
SPIRIZONA, Fer.
SPIRIZONA var., Fer.
SPIRIZONA var., Fer.
NUBILOSA, Mighels.
PRopuctA, Reeve.
MARMORATA, Gould.
STRAMINEA, Reeve.
VULPINA, Fer.
VULPINA var., Fer.
VULPINA var., Fer.
VULPINA var., Fer.
OVATA, Newcomb.
OVATA var., Newcomb.
OVATA var., Vewcomb.
wwwawwowwnwoworrworhRPRiOoOBRWwWaAN OTR Rw WED PF Wo Fk to WW wk eB Doh OO BA
i)
| ASSEMBLY.
a
No. 163. | 41
List. Name. No. Loeality.
133c ACHATINELLA OvaTA yar., Newcomb. 3
134 SprRaxis CUMINGIANA, Pfecfer. 2
135 Sprraxis aDusta, Jay. 3
136 PITHEA LEKEITHOSTOMA et var., Reeve. 6
137 PirTHEA PYRAMIDATA, Reeve. 5
138 PROSERPINA NITIDA, Gray. 3
139 CLAUSILIA TRIDENS, Chemnitz. 4
140 CycLosromMa STENOMPHALIA, Pfecffer. 2
141 CycLostoma anausta, Adams. 6
142 AvricuLa mMIDEA, Linneus. 1
143 HELICINA ORBICULATA, Say. 13 —
144 Murex HavstELLum, Lamarck. 1
145 STROMBUS AURISDIANA, Linneus. ]
146 TEREBRATULA PULCHELLA, Sowerby. 3
146 Triton SPENGLERI (repeated), Lamarck. 1
147 Unio Exicuvs, Lea. Dy)
148 — SUBANGULATA, Lea. 2
149 — INFURCATUS, Conrad. 3
150 — RUBIGINOSUS, Linnaeus. 2
11 — BENGALENSIS, Lea. 8
152 — DOLABR/FORMIS, Lea. 1
13 — OBESUS, Lea. 2
154 — HOPETONENSIS, Lea. 2
155 = — SHEPARDIANUS, Lea. f
156 — RUTILANS, Lea. 2
187 — PULLATUS, Lea. 2
158 — DECLIVIS, Lea. :
159 — CONRADICUS, Lea. 2
160 Mirra EPISCOPALIS, Linneus. 2
161 PARTUTA AURICULA, Fer. 15
162 — GIBBA, Fer. i)
163 — MASTERSI and var., Pfezffer. 10
164 TRoCHATELLA PULCHELLA, Gray. 3
165 Pupina VITREA, Sowerby. 4
166 HELICINA STRIATA, Gray. 4
167 LucIDELLA AUREOLA, Gray. 4
168 CYLINDRELLA PALLIDA, Guzlding. 9
169 ANoDONTA GIBBOSA, Say. 1
170 CAPSELLA VIRESCENS, Deshayes. 12 Manilla.
171 Hsuix inruEcta, Say. 3 Ohio.
| Assembly, No. 163. | 6
List. NAME.
172 RANELLA TUBERCULATA, Brodie.
173 CERITHIUM RHIZOPORARUM, Adams.
174 CERITHIUM VULGATUM, Bruguzere.
175 BuLua vigipis, Rany.
176 PALUDINA BOROUGHSIANA, Lea.
177 NERITINA CREPIDULARIA, Lamarck.
i178 — CUMINGIANA, Rechz.
179 —— BRUGUIERI, Rechz.
SO ie COROMANDELIANA, Sowerby.
181 ALEXIA BERMUDENSIS, ddams.
182 PurPuRA HARPA, Conrad.
183 CypRmA GEMMATA, Gould.
184 Crprma insEoTa, Mighels.
185 MARGINELLA APICINA, Menke.
186 — AVENA, Valenczennes.
187 — INTERRUPTA, Lamarck.
188 AMPULLARIA CORNUARIETIS, Sowerby.
189 TrocHus conuLus, Linneus.
190 TRocHUS TANTILLUS, Gould.
191 Mirra MARMORATA, Swainson.
192 PLECOTREMA INEQUALIS, Adams.
193 NASSA ARCULARIA, Lamarck.
194 MELANIA BELLICOSA, Hinds.
195 MELANIA NEWCOMBIANA, Lea.
196 CYLINDRELLA GRACILIS, Wood.
197 Hetix auricoma, Fer.
198 —— NEMORALINA, Petzt.
199 — NEMORALIS, Linueus.
200 — LAPICIDA, Linneus.
201 — ERICETORUM, Miiller.
202 — PISANA, Miiller.
203 — VARIABILIS, Draparnaud.
204 — PYRAMIDATA, Draparnaud.
205 — ALGIRA, Linneus.
206 — TROCHOIDES, Pozret.
207 — LAMELLOSA, Fer.
208 — SIMILARIS, Fer.
209 — EXEQUATA, Gould.
210 — SUBRUTILE, Mighels.
211 Buiimus pEcoLLAtus, Miller.
C2 O23 9
bo
me om ht
[ ASSEMBLY.
Loeality.
China.
Mediterranean.
Sandwich islands.
Manilla.
Bombay.
Guam.
Guam.
Guam.
Bermuda.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
West Indies.
West Indies.
Africa.
Venezuela.
y
Mediterranean.
Sandwich islands.
S. Pacific.
Sandwich islands.
Philippines.
Fejees.
Sandwich islands.
Jamaica.
Cuba.
St. Thomas.
Hurope.
Europe.
Europe.
Europe.
Europe.
Hurope.
Kurope.
Kurope.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Sandwich islands.
Oharleston.
HEE,
CATALOGUE OF FOSSILS,
FROM H. C. GROSVENOR, OF CINCINNATI.
SPIRIFER LYNX.
ATRYPA INCREBESCENS.
LEPTHNA SERICEA.
6 ORBICULA TERMINALIS.
LEPTMNA TENUISTRIATA.
LEPTANA ALTERNATA.
LEPTHNA DEFLECTA.
LEPTHENA PLANUMBONA.
3 ORTHIS DISSIMILIS.
3 LEPTHNA DELTOIDEA.
ORTHIS SINUATA.
5 ORTHIS SUBJUGATA.
ORTHIS OCCIDENTALIS.
ORTHIS BELLIRUGOSA.
26 ORTHIS PLICATELLA.
LEPTHZNA SUBTENTA.
ORTHIS TESTUDINARIA.
ATRYPA DENTATA.
ORTHIS FISSICOSTA.
AVICULA DEMISSA.
MopIOLOPSIS MODIOLARIS,
and 3 slabs of the same.
MOoDIOLOPSIS MYTILOIDES.
MopioLopsts 2?
AMBONYCHIA CARINATA.
AMBONYCHIA RADIATA.
aS
OD oo
b> oO -~1I — bo
STELLAPORA STELLATA.
SERPULA.
BRYOZOA.
CYATHOPHYLLA.
PLEUROTOMARIA BILIX.
4 BELLEROPHON BILOBATUS.
7 MuRcHISONIA.
co Ww oO
bo
e
on
MopriIoLoOPsis AVICULOIDES.
ko
bom Ct
[po) = (dey
fom
rt b> bo BD OF SO om Pe wD
bk
ary
LS)
12
mt et bo eS
slabs MURCHISONIA GRACILIS,
&e. &e.
slab ATRYPA MODESTA.
CH ETETES LYCOPERDON var.
stellate variety.
slab STICTOPORA.
GyPTocRINUS DECADACTYLUS.
HETEROCRINUS SIMPLEX.
POTERIOCRINUS GRACILIS.
ISOTELUS GIGAS.
IsOTELUS MEGISTUS.
EHpistoma of IsorELus:
CERAURUS CRASSATUS.
CALYMENE SENARIA.
CONULARIA GRACILIS.
ORTHOCERATITES (various).
FAVISTELLA STELLATA.
FAVOSITES FIBROSA.
From the Falls of the Ohio.
CoRALS (various).
TRILOBITES (of 3 species).
OLIVANTES VERNEUILII.
From Columbus, Ohio (corniferous) .
CYRTOCERAS.
ATRYPA.
SPIRIFER.
PLEUROTOMARIA.
From Crawfordsville, Indiana.
CAPULUS.
GONIATITES PRINCEPS.
From Springfield, Ohio.
PENTAMERUS OBLONGUS.
MISCELLANEOUS CONTRIBUTIONS,
DANIEL SHAW, Superior City, Michigan.
Specimens of Native Copper and Copper Ore from the “ Cliff
Mine,”’ Lake Superior.
S. W. EDDY, Stillwater, Saratoga County.
Concrerions of singular form from sand.
Masor G. O. HALLER, U.S.A.
A Box of valuable Marine SHELLS from Port Townsend, Washington
Territory.
Dr. H. W. HUBBARD, Staten Island.
Specimens of Cuay and Lienire; [soreELUS MEGISTUS; a FISHBONE
from Sandusky, Ohio.
A. 0. OLDHAM, Waterville, Oneida County.
Three HURYPTERUS REMIPES.
HORACE AVERILL, Albany.
GARNETS and Tron ORE from Salisbury, Connecticut.
ROBERT TOWNSEND, Esquire, Albany.
Twelve Marine SHELLS.
ROBERT B. HOWLAND, Hillside, Cayuga County.
SELENITE with Crystals of SULPHUR.
Cot. WILLIAM LYMAN, Moscow, Livingston County.
Fossius from the Hamilton group.
J.E. HALENBECK, Albany.
Specimens of Gop from the Pioneer Mine, North-Carolina.
BY PURCHASE.
Three DIpLEURA DEKAYI, Hamilton group.
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT
REGENTS OF of UNIVERSITY
State : a.
NATURAL HS EU
HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION
CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Made to the Assembly, March 15, 1859.
Tae NY 2:
PRINTED BY C. VAN BENTHUYSEN.
STATE OF NEW YORK.
No. 186.
IN ASSEMBLY, MAR. 15, 1859.
ANNUAL REPORT
Of the Regenis of the University, on the State Cabinet of
Natural History.
To the Hon. De Wirt C. Lirtiesony,
Speaker of the Assembly:
Sir—I have the honor to transmit the Annual Report of the
Regents of the University on the State Cabinet of Natural History,
and the Historical and Antiquarian collection connected therewith.
I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
March 10, 1859.
[ Assembly, No. 186.] 1
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1859.
GERRIT Y. LANSING, LL.D.,
Chancellor.
GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D.,
Vice- Chancellor.
EDWIN D. MORGAN,
Governor, ex-officio.
ROBERT CAMPBELL,
Lieutenant Governor, ex-officio.
GIDEON J. TUCKER,
Secretary of State, ex-officio.
HENRY H. VAN DYCK,
Supt Public Instruction, ex-officio.
ERASTUS CORNING.
PROSPER M. WETMORE.
JOHN LORIMER GRAHAM.
GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D.
DAVID BUEL.
JAMES S. WADSWORTH.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D.
ROBERT CAMPBELL.
SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN.
JOHN N. CAMPBELL, D.D.
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT.
GEORGE W. CLINTON.
ISAAC PARKS, D.D.
LORENZO BURROWS.
GEORGE B. CHEEVER, D.D.
ROBERT S. HALE.
S. B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE REGENTS.
SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH THE CARE OF THE STATE CABINET.
1858.
JOHN A. KING, Governor.
HENRY R. SELDEN, Lieutenant Governor.
GIDEON J. TUCKER, Secretary of State.
1859.
EDWIN D. MORGAN, Governor.
ROBERT CAMPBELL, Lieut. Governor.
Rev. Dr. CAMPBELL.
Rev. Dr. CAMPBELL.
JOHN LORIMER GRAHAM.
JOHN LORIMER GRAHAM.
JAMES 8. WADSWORTH.
REPORT.
To the Legislature of the State of New York:
The Regents of the University
ReEsPECTFULLY Report:
The efforts of the Regents, as trustees of the State Cabinet,
have been principally directed during the past year to enlarging
the collections, and rendering them a better exponent of the
Natural History of the State. The labors of the Curator, during a
few weeks of the summer, when he could take the field, have sup-
plied many deficiencies, and have contributed essentially to the
value and perfection of the Geological department. While the
first object is to gather whatever may illustrate the Natural His-
tory of this State, it has been regarded as proper and desirable,
whenever the opportunity has presented, to place with our own
productions, for study and comparison, those of other localities.
The Cabinet is thus rendered valuable to the general student, and
will furnish him the means of comparing the Fauna of different
latitudes ; of tracing their range of habitation, and determining
their specific analogies and differences.
Among the contributions, it is proper specifically to mention,
some fifty beautiful African birds, presented by George Benedict,
Hsq., through the Hon. Erastus C. Benedict, a member of this
Board. They have been prepared with his accustomed skill, by
the Taxidermist, and are placed in the case which contains the
De Rham collection. In the last report, allusion was made to a
collection of shells, which was expected from Mr. Cuming, the
distinguished English conchologist. These have been received,
and properly arranged, and labelled by Dr. Newcomb, of this city,
to whom we have been formerly indebted for similar favors.
A large collection of fossils, from the Hocene Tertiary of the
Paris basin, have been presented by W. A. Johnson, Esq., of Utica.
An offer was received, several months since, from Mr. Philip C.
Carpenter, of Warrington, England, to present to the State Cabi-
4 | AssEMBLY
net of New York, a duplicate of the suite of the Mazatlan Mollus-
ca, procured, described, catalogued and arranged by him for the
British Museum. The condition of the offer required that the
collection should be kept distinct, and open to the examination of
students, and that Mr. Carpenter should be permitted personally
to arrange it on the same plan which he had adopted in the British
Museum, and that his necessary expenses should be paid. The
collection embraces about 6,000 specimens, and its value is great-
ly increased by the many varieties of each species. After full
enquiry in regard to the value of the collection, it was determined
to accept the offer. Mr. Carpenter arrived a few months since,
and has been diligently employed in mounting and arranging the
collection. Sufficient space could not be afforded to place the
whole under glass, and it became necessary to provide drawers
for such parts as could not otherwise be arranged. The cases
which have been provided are well adapted for the purpose, and
the whole collection, under Mr. Carpenter’s admirable method, is
unsurpassed for the beauty of its forms, and the convenience of
its arrangements. A catalogue by classes, orders and species,
will be prepared as soon as the arrangement is completed, and
will be’submitted in the next annual report. A descriptive cata-
logue, prepared for the British Museum collection, is placed in
one of the cases for the use of students. An appropriation of six
hundred dollars, it is believed, will cover the cost of the cases and
all other expenses.
By order of the Regents.
G. Y. LANSING, Chancellor.
S. B. WootwortnH, Secretary.
ACCOUNT CURRENT.
Tur Recents of the University, in account current with the appropriation
for preserving and increasing the ‘‘ State Cabinet of Natural History,
and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, and
for defraying the incidental expenses of the same.”’
1857,
Oct. 1.
Oct. 22.
Nov. 18.
1858,
Feb. 10.
May 5.
May 31.
Sept. 6.
Sept. 8.
Sept. 8.
June 21.
July 12.
» July 12.
July 20.
Aug. 28.
Oct: 5.
DR.
To balance to new account ( See Senate Document of 1858,
Nos LoS. pul Oita ts «1. ScoasganuogRdctnoecodoedGoes $103 72
To amount received from the Comptroller, part appropriation
Ilsih7/ 51S) Sees ahabocuueeooudEe Salers micratveney ete Sacsocs 110 00
To do do ehatelalsieie slafelalelicist <telefelslalcioialsiatels| sielelale}= 300 00
To do Cope nome Aacrsisnlaclaveialwenciaret aes cess nmelecres 390 00
To amount loaned to ‘‘Geological Rooms repairs’? account... 50 00
To amount received from sale of a case.....--sescescceeece 5 00
To amount returned by J.C. Boynton ....-eeeeeeeeceeeees 3 00
To do CLO MaNe LIM) URMSUOn AUT el ateratiotany sarelste der el-y <tegete 5 00
To amount overdrawn by checks, dated July 6th, 1857, and
Dagamoae UMW, WHY sococoooopoGansodHbocd oodoQC0DNO 2 00
$968 72
CR.
By cash paid C. Dimmick, wages.......... Voucher No.1, $35 00
By CON GUM EMSs atrerels)loloislelsvelelel elec No. 2, 9 43
By 5 William Montonye, cases..... eg No.3, 32 00
By GG J. A. Hurst, specimens, ...... cf No. 4, 111 50
By Gs A.M‘Clure & Co., camphor... OG WO, ly 1a
By ss C. Dimmick, wages .....2.-.. ts No.6, 35 00
By BB J. A. Hurst, stands for birds.. 06 No.7, 150 00 .
By Oh William Montonye, cases..... oe No. 8, 6 00
By és C. Dimmick, wages ......---- GG No.9, 25 00
By es COMUMMPETILS ete Polale 4 lerele s+) alc * Nos.10 & 11, 14 81
By bG Agassiz, Work, vols.1 & 2... BG No.12, 24 00
By os COMUMIGEIGS 66 eles <'s/elsicloie ol «)« He No.13, 28 24
Bayauiun is Wells & Co. express, quarterly acc. No.14, 45 54
By se Irving & Willey, expense on case
of fossils, UG No. 15, 16 36
By OG C. B. Boyle, architect ....... GG No.16, 50 00
By J.C. Boynton, wages ....-... of Now lis 16,00
By ns COMbUMSCMES xi elafelateleratatal ctelel=!clel = es No. 18, 7 09
By ee Contingents ..s.seccssssocees se No.19, 20 60
By S¢ — ContingentS ..sesseeeeeeeeees re No.20, 15 58
By ne Contingents seseeeesseeeesees As No 21, 53 60
By Oe J) © BOTCON sc cicie oe c+) 2 2010 ot <i No: 225" Lo, 00
By oS S. W. Gibbs & Son, aquarium. ee No. 28, — 15 00
By s contingentS ....seeeseseeeees nS No. 24, 28 80
By ef COMPUERNIS Sooo seoosasoceone oe No. 25, 8 38
By + Col. Jewett, expenses of collections, No. 26, 100 00
yagi EO? Boynton, WAGES «sc ascas os No.27, 10 00
By Ra J.C. Boynton, wages and expenses, No. 28, 18 00
yr ti: J.C. Boynton and ‘others... cc No. 29, 18 75
By balance...... Kudsonocdaccogacse siepaohe siarater=hatala aiesarthe siete 45 91
$968 72
6 [ ASSEMBLY
In BEHALF of the Standing Committee on the State Cabinet, I have
examined the above account, and find it correct. The payments have been
made by order of the Standing Committee, and are accompanied with proper
vouchers ) JOHN A. KING, Chairman.
December 27, 1858.
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO THE
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK;
BEING SOME OF THE RESULTS OF
Investigations made during the Years 1835, °56, °57 & °58,
BY JAMES HALL.
Tue following notices and descriptions of new genera, with other investigations,
have been communicated, in part or entirely, at different times, to the Albany
Institute; to the Reports of the Regents of the University on the State Collections
of Natural History, for the years 1856 and 1858; to the American Association for
the Advancement of Science; and are already printed in the third volume of the
Paleontology of the State of New-York.
%,
NoOoT TC FE
‘OF THE
GENERA AMBONYCHIA, PALAEARCA AND MEGAMBONTA,
In the first volume of the Paleontology of New-York, I have designated
by the generic name AMBONYCHIA a group of certain species which are
allied in forfn and other external characters; but not having at that time
seen the structure of the hinge, the generic description could not be
founded on the study of these most essential parts. Since then I have
obtained casts of A. radzata, and separated valves of one or two other
species ; (and I have also seen some very fine specimens in the collections
of the Geological Survey of Canada.) These examples show that A.
radiata and A. carinata have a single large and nearly central muscular
impression ; one specimen.of the former showing distinctly two strong
teeth beneath the beak, while at the posterior extremity of the hinge-
line there are three lateral elongate and slightly curving teeth, the hinge-
area being striated longitudinally. The cardinal teeth of the A. carinata
are similar, but there is some obscurity in regard to the lateral teeth.
These characters probably exist in all those with extended and subspiral
unbones and striated or costate surfaces; but in the concentrically
striated forms, this hinge structure is somewhat varied, and some of
them at least exhibit double muscular impressions, one large subcireular
pit lying at the anterior extremity.
The illustration is from a cast of this species (the
beak being left out ), showing the cardinal and lateral
teeth, the muscular and palleal impressions. The marks
, of the costee are preserved in the margin of the cast.
AMBONYCHIA RADIATA
No. 186.] 9
The Ambonychza obtusa, and an allied form from Tennessee, have the
same general characteristics; while there is a distinct external ligamental
area, Which is likewise seen in other species.
A farther examination has shown that some species heretofore referred
to the Genus MoprioLopsis have this structure of hinge, muscular
impressions, etc. ; while some of those from the Trenton limestone, which
I referred to Epmonp1A, have likewise essentially the same structure
of hinge as the Ambonychia obtusa. The Edmondia ventricosa, which is
farthest removed from the Ambonychia type, has a wide and deep liga-
mental area, with three or four oblique teeth beneath the beak, and
three lateral oblique teeth at the posterior-extremity of the cardinal line.
This character of hinge, although so nearly like that of Ambonychia
radiata, is nevertheless accompanied by a strong anterior muscular
impression, and a less conspicuous posterior one, which renders it neces-
sary to separate the two forms. In Edmondia ventricosa, where the
hinge-line is less curved than in any other form at present known to
me, the structure bears some resemblance to that of MAcropon; but
the cardinal line is never so straight, the posterior teeth are not so
nearly parallel with the direction of that line, and the shells are exter-
nally marked by concentric striz or Jamine, and never by radiating
costz as in that genus or in the ark-shells of more recent periods.
In view of the knowledge we now possess, it becomes necesssary to
separate the fossils formerly united under the Genus AMBONYCHIA, and
to place those having double muscular impressions under one division ;
including with them some forms that have been referred to MopIoLopsis
and Hpmonpia. At the same time we are not fully aware of the inter-
nal characters of MopioLopsis*; but the typical forms of that genus
do not present the exterior features which mark those of the group here
noticed, and [I shall venture to separate the latter under the name
PALHARCA.
* The type of the Genus Moptotortis is the M. modiolaris ( Cypricardites
modiolaris of Conrap = Pterinea modiolaris of the same author, 1838). The
Genus CypricarDITEs, as constituted by Mr. Conran, embraced species of more
than a single genus. The C. bisulcata (1841) is the Pterinea bisulcata of the
same author (Report of 1888, p. 116); and this fossil iy the type of the Genus
Grammysta (G. hamiltonensis) of Dz Verneut. It is probable that a careful
investigation of the numerous species of Lamellibranchiata in the Hamilton and
Chemung groups will throw some light upon the generic relations of these fossils
with those of the lower rocks. An examination of the casts of M. modiolaris, and
other allied forms in the Hudson-river group, has not yet disclosed the structure
of the hinge ; and the large anterior muscular scar is equally common to those
species and many similar forms in the Hamilton group, of which we know nothing
of the hinge structure.
[Assembly No. 186.] 2
\
10 | AssEMBLY
Genus Patmarca:*
GENERIC DESCRIPTION. Shell equivalve, very inequilateral, ovate or
rhomboid-ovate, gibbous or ventricose ; umbones subanterior: ante-
rior extremity abruptly rounded ; posterior extremity broadly rounded,
or sometimes obliquely subtruncate: anterior muscular impression
very strongly marked ( usually a deep round pit ), the posterior impres-
sion obscurely defined; anterior teeth 3, 4 or 5, oblique, placed
beneath or in advance of the umbones, with two or three remote
oblique posterior or lateral teeth; palleal line simple ; ligament
external ; ligamental area often deep and wide, striated.
The shells of this genus vary inthe development of the ligamental area and
in the teeth of the hinge-line, the latter often becoming much thickened, and
some of them obsolete with age : the anterior muscular impression is very
deep and strong, while the posterior one is superficial, though the shell is
always thinner at that point, as frequently observed in worn specimens.
PALMHARCA VENTRICOSA.
Fig. 1. The interior of the right valve of this species, showing the anterior and
posterior teeth, the ligamental area and muscular impression.
Fig. 2. The left valve of an older specimen, in whlch the anterior teeth appear to
have been partially obliterated by age. The ligamental area is pro-
portionally wider than in fig. 2.
Fig. 8. A cardinal view of the exterior of the same species, showing the ligamen-
tal area,
* This genus was proposed in 1847, and the description has been printed in the
Paleontology of New-York, Vol. ILI, with the accompanying illustrations.
No. 186.] 11
PALHARCA SAFFORDI.
a i i
ve
Fig. 4. The interior of the right valve, showing the hinge-teeth and ligamental
area, muscular impressions, etc. The ligamental area is very narrow
in the specimen.
Fig. 5. The left valve, showing a wider ligamental area, with the anterior teeth
less strongly defined than in the preceding figure, which represents
the prevailing character of this part of the shell. The posterior
teeth are more oblique and more strongly defined than in fig. 4.
The posterior muscular impression is but faintly defined, though
distinctly visible in several specimens, occupying a larger area than
the posterior impression ; the shell at that point being much thinner,
and often worn through from the exterior, in the specimens examined.
This species occurs in Tennessee, and, like the preceding, in strata of the
age of the Trenton limestone, and approaches in form some of the species in
New-York, the hinge structure of which is yet unknown.
Under this genus may be arranged the following species from Vol. I,
Paleontology of New-York :
Ambonychia obtusa Palzarca obtusa.
Cardiomorpha vetusta a PB. vetusta.
Edmondia subtrun ata = P. subtruncata.
E. subangulata = P. subangulata.
E. ventricosa = IP. ventricosa.
Modiolopsis latus = P. lata.
M. subspatulatus = P. subspatulata.
There are, also, besides these, some species in the Lower Helder-
berg rocks, which resemble the Palzearcee of the Lower Silurian rocks,
both in their general external features and in the large muscular scar.
In several forms, however, they approach AvIcuLA, and do not appear
to have had an external ligamental area. A single cast has, upon the .
anterior portion of the hinge-line, as many as six or seven crenulations ;
while the posterior portion of the cardinal line. in another specimen,
shows two long narrow teeth. This structure of the hinge-line, though
12 AssEMBLY
similar to that of PAL#ARCA, differs greatly in the number of teeth,
which likewise appear to be simple crenulations transverse to the hinge
line. In this feature, as well as in certain external characters, some of
these shells resemble PTEROPERNA; while the Paleearce, on the other
hand, approach in character to BAKEWELLIA.
Among the fossils of this group are some which, in single valves,
present the characters of AvicuLa, and have heretofore been referred
to that genus ; but an examination of specimens which preserve the two
valves shows that both valves are gibbous, and that they are essentially
equivalved shells, possessing a more or less conspicuous alation upon the
anterior and posterior sides. The surfaces of many of these are marked
by strong concentric lamine of growth and fine radiating strize, corre-
sponding in this character to the surface of some species of AMBONYCHIA.
An examination of the casts from the interior of some of these shells
shows that they are provided with avery strongly marked muscular
impression close to the anterior extremity. On farther comparison, these
forms have much resemblance to some in the Upper Helderberg group ;
one of which was figured in the Geological Report of the Fourth District
in 1848, under the name of Pterinea? cardziformis. This species is
expanded on the posterior cardinal line, and has an anterior lobe or wing
separated by a sinus from the body of the shell, and possessing a very
large muscular impression which lies just within this anterior lobe.
It would appear, therefore, that we have a group of shells, possessing
the characters here noticed, and, so far as now known, beginning their
existence in the Lower Helderberg group, and extending through the
Oriskany sandstone, the Upper Helderberg limestone and the Hamilton
group. Although the hinge-structure has not been fully determined, they
are clearly separable from AmMBonycutia, taking A. bellistriata and A.
radiata as the types, by the strong anterior muscular impression, which
does not exist in those shells, and by numerous teeth in the anterior
part of the hinge.
For these forms I propose the generic name Megambonia.
Genus MEGAMBONIA.*
SHELL equivalve or subequivalve. inequilateral, subovoid, usually very
gibbous in the middle and towards the unbones : anterior side often
lobed or auriculate, a strong muscular impression occupying a con-
siderable portion of this part of the shell ; posterior cardinal margin
expanded, more or less compressed and frequently alate : hinge-line
crenulated on the anterior end, teeth numerous; posterior teeth
linear, remote from the umbones.
* Paleontology of New-York, Vol. r11.
No. 186.] 13
SuRFACE marked by concentric laminz of growth, and often by fine
radiating striz.
Apis
SSS
=>
—
MEGAMBONIA CARDIIFORMIS.
The following species from the Lower Helderberg group have been
referred to this genus, some of them having been determined from
external features alone, and others from the internal casts and a partial
exposure of the hinge-line. See Plates 49, 49 a, and 50, Paleontology
of New-York, Vol. 111.
Megambonia suborbicularis. egambonia obscura.
M. spinneri. lata.
M. aviculoides. oblonga.
M. rhomboidea. cordiformis.
M. mytiloidea. ovata,
M. ovoidea.
NOTE.
In this connection, I may also notice the Genus CrpricarpiTEs of Conrap,
published in 1841 ( Annual Report on the Palzeontology of New-York, p. 51),
which has been almost entirely overlooked. The description is as follows:
*©GENUS CYPRICARDITES. LEquivalved, profoundly inequilateral : hinge with
q Pp y neq g
“‘ four or five unequal cardinal teeth, anterior one largest and most promi- |
** nent ; lateral teeth short, and very remote from the cardinal teeth.”
** This genus is allied to Prerinea of GoLpFruss, but is never properly
*‘alated, nor has it the very large muscular impressions of that genus : the
** cardinal and lateral teeth are also different ; the anterier cicatrix is often
** deeply impressed ; the posterior one not visible in casts of the interior.
14 ASSEMBLY
‘** This genus abounds in the Silurian rocks, but I have not seen a species
‘* from any more recent formation.’’*
Mr. Conrap describes sixteen species under this genus, among which were
included the C. bisulcata since described by DE VERNEUIL as the type of the
Genus GRAMMYSIA, under the name of G. hamiltonensis.
The description corresponds in many respects with that of PAL@ARcA, and
the illustration given by Mr. Conran likewise resembles that genus. Should
an examination of the typical species prove the two identical, the later name
will give place to that of CyPRICARDITES.
CypricarpitEs (Conran ).}
* When these remarks were written, the Hamilton and Chemung groups were
regarded by the New-York Geologists as Silurian, and as being the equivalent of
the Ludlow rocks of England.
+ This figure is copied from the original figure of Mr. Conrap, accompanying
his description of the genus in 1841. The plate upon which this occurs was
engraved to accompany the Annual Report of 1841 ; but, unfortunately, only a
small number were eyer distributed, so far as known to the writer. The same
plate contains illustrations of the Genera Nucurires, LyropresMA, ORTHONOTA,
Cyrrotites, OrrHostoma, Dicryocrinus, AsprpoLites and DicrANuRUs, as well as
of one species of Pnarycrras ; all genera proposed by Mr. Conrap. At the time
I proposed the Genus Patwarca in 1847, I had overlooked the description and
figure of CypricaRDITES ; and it is only since the printing of that part of Vol. m1,
Paleontology of New-York, that my attention has been directed to the subject of
the preceding note.
No. 186.] 15
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE GENERA
CAPULUS, PILEOPSIS, ACROCULIA, AND PLATYCERAS.
In the work entitled ‘Figures and Descriptions of the Paleozoic
Fossils of Cornwall, Devon and West-Somerset,”’ by Professor PHILLIPS,
published in 1841, he has proposed the Genus ACROCULIA to include
certain fossils which had been referred to the Genus PILEOPs!Is, and to
which, he remarks, they ‘offer but slight analogy.’’ His description is
as follows :
‘«- Provisional character. Obliquely spiral; the apex free, the aperture
“ample, without columella: a sinus in the right lip.”
This generic distinction has been acknowledged by some palzxontolo-
gists ; but, more recently, both Continental and English naturalists have
referred all these forms to CAPULUS or PILEOPSIS, which are regarded
as synonymous. |
Previous to the publication of the work of Professor PHILutps cited
above, Mr. ConrapD, in his Report on the Paleontology of New-York
for 1840 (p. 205), proposed the generic name PLatTycERaAs, with the
following remarks :
*<T propose to group in this genus the Pileopsis tubifer (Sowersy ), P.
“* yetusta ( SowErsy ), the WNerita haleotis (Sowmrsy ), and perhaps Belle-
**rophon cornuarietes. The shells are suboval or subglobose, with a small
‘* spire, the whorls of which are sometimes free and sometimes contiguous :
** the mouth is generally campanulate or expanded. I have not seen a species
** above the Silurian rocks, though they probably occur above them in Europe*,
*“and they are never found in the Lower Silurian strata ; they characterize
‘the middle portion of the system.”
The generic description of Mr. ConraD is more comprehensive than
that of Professor PHILLIPS, as it includes shells with the volutions free
or contiguous. Both authors, however, have designated among the typi-
cal forms the P2leopsis vetusta of SowERBY. The species first described
by Mr. Conran are the P. dumosum of the Upper Helderberg lime-
stone, the P. ventricosum and P. gebhardii from the Lower Helderberg.
The P. dumosum is spiniferous, and the volutions in all these are essen-
tially contiguous ; but some species subsequently referred by Mr. ConRAD to
* See note on page 9.
16 AssEMBLY
this genus have the lower volutions free, and the apex consisting of one or
two minute contiguous volutions. From these forms we gradually pass to
others where the apex is simply arcuate, and finally to those which are
entirely straight. From the large number of species grouped under this
designation, it might be doubted whether there is not room for farther’ sepa-
ration ; but with our present knowledge, it does not appear practicable to
draw any lines of generic distinction, and we find, moreover, that some of
the species, in their different stages of growth, present a variety of character
which might render it difficult to recognize them as identical under all cir-
cumstances.
Although possessing numerous casts of some species of this genus, and a
large number of shells of several species from the interior of which the
stony matter is entirely separated, I have thus far been unable to recognize
the peculiar muscular impressions which are characteristic of CAPULUS or
Pitxopsis ; and I feel therefore constrained, in the present state of my know-
ledge, to adopt the generic name PLATYCERAS.
Genus PLatycrras (Conrab, as emended ).
SHELLS depressed subglobose, subovoid or obliquely subconical. Spire
small: volutions few, sometimes free and sometimes contiguous, with-
out columella ; aperture more or less expanded, often campanulate
and sometimes with the lip reflexed ; peristome entire or sinuous.
SURFACE striated or cancellated, often spirally ridged or plicate, and
sometimes strongly lamellose transversely, nodose or spiniferous.
Many of the species show a sinuosity of the strize, indicating a notch
in the margin of the.aperture during the first stages of growth, and
this notch sometimes remains in the mature condition. More frequently,
however, the earlier sinus is closed, and, in certain species, the margin
continues unbroken, while in a few others this sinus is continued to the
margin at the final period of growth; but more often it becomes closed
at some period during the growth of the shell, and another commenced
at some other point, and not seldom two or more are thus begun and
continued; while some simply striated species, with a single sinus in
their earlier stages of growth, become more or less plicated towards the
margin, with several sinuosities in the peristome in the mature condition :
usually, however, one or two of the marginal sinuosities are deeper than
the others.*
* The variety of form here described, with extensive illustrations of more than
forty species in the third volume of the Paleontology of New-York, convey
but an imperfect idea of the variety of character and expression presented in an
extensive collection of the speciesof this genus. Since the preceding observations
were written and printed (in Vol. 111, p. 309), I have examined a collection obtained
at Cumberland, Md., in September 1858,. and find some specimens which show the
‘a
No. 186.] 17
The accompanying figures are illustrations of one of the typical species of
Mr. Conran.
PLATYCERAS VENTRICOSUM.
The following figures are of other species, where the last volution is free,
there being one or two closely contiguous turns at the apex: one of them
is deeply sinuate at the margin.
PLATYCERAS TRILOBATUM. PLATYCERAS INTERMEDIUM.
expansion of the columellar lip, and its partial or entire union with the volution,
presenting all the appearance of a thin columella with a deep umbilicus. An
approximation to this condition is likewise shown, more or less complete, in some
of the figures on Plates 117 and 118, Vol. 111, Pal. New-York.
[Assembly No. 186.] 3
oreo re
4 kB [ AssEMBL
The following figures are illustratrations of two other species; one of
them having a single minute close volution at the apex, and the other being
simply bent or arcuate. For the latter forms, I had proposed in 1843 the
generic name OrTHonycHiA* ; but an examination of a great number of
)
specimens has not shown any reliable character, by which they may be sepa-
rated from PLATYCERAS.
PLATYCERAS BISULCATUM. PLATYCERAS SUBRECTUM.
In the farther removed from the spiral forms of this genus, we have the
straight and nearly straight species, which, in the striate, cancellate, and
plicate surfaces and sinuous peristome, still preserve externally the generic
characteristics.
PLATYCERAS PLICATUM.
/
:
7 <“
ny
th
2
Fig. 1. The anterior side of a specimen which is partially crushed.
Fig. 2. The left side of a specimen.
* Report on the 4th District, Geology of New-York, 1848
No. 186.] 19
The preceding figures (with one exception) illustrate some of the numerous
varieties of form which occur in the rocks of the Lower Helderberg group, in
which, and the Oriskany sandstone together, we know nearly fifty species.
The following species from the Upper Helderberg limestone offers an illus-
tration of the spiniferous forms : the specimen is one of medium size of the
P. dumosum (Conran). The larger individuals of this species are sometimes
more thickly set with spines ; and ina single individual before me, some of
these spines are two inches in length.
PLATYCERAS DUMOSUM.
There are about fifteen species of this genus already known in the
limestones of the Upper Helderberg group, some of them approach-
ing in character to those of the Lower Helderberg limestones ; but they
never acquire that degree of development, nor the prolific variety of
form and number of individuals, which meet us in the latter group of
Strata. '
We already know several species in the Hamilton group, and amorg
them one spine-bearing form; but the individuals are comparatively
rare, and they form but an inconspicuous feature in the fauna of the
period.
In the Chemung group, where the calcareous element is greatly subor-
dinate, and the mass consists principally of sands and clays, these forms:
are exceedingly rare or almost entirely wanting.
In the Carboniferous limestones of the Mississippi valley, we already
know some seven or eight species, and a larger number will doubtless be
found during the progress of investigations.
20 [ AssEMBLY
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE GENERA
PLATYOSTOMA AND STROPHOSTYLUS.
PLATYOSTOMA.
The Genus PLatyostoma was described by Mr. Conrad in the
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1842,
Vol. viii, p. 275, as follows :
* PLATYOSTOMA ( Conrad)
‘‘SHELL subglobose: spire short; aperture very large, suborbicular,
‘dilated ; labrum joining the body whorl at right angles to the axis
‘of the shell.”’
The Platyostoms are globose shells with low spires, having colu-
mella: the last volution is extremely expanded, the aperture very large,
and the columellar lip thickened.
These shells are often distorted by pressure to a great extent, and it
is not always possible to distinguish the casts of this genus from those
of the SrRopHOSTYLUS, or from those of some species of the PLATY-
CERAS of CONRAD.
The P. ventricosa is given as the type of the genus, and the accompanying
figure is copied from the outline of the shell as given by Mr. Conrap on
Plate xv of the volume cited.
PLATYOSTOMA VENTRICOSA.
Under this genus Mr. Conran described three species, the Platyostoma
ventricosa and P. arenosa from the Oriskany sandstone, and the P. lineata
from the Hamilton group.
No. 186.] 21
STROPHOSTYLUS.
There are, besides the true PLATYOSTOM, some other shells of not
very dissimilar character in the rocks of the Lower Helderberg and
Oriskany sandstone periods. Some of these, in the casts and in their
exterior conformation, are remarkable for their oblique form and the
wide-spreading of the last volution, which is also often exaggerated by
pressure in the same direction.
These fossils have sometimes the globose form of PLATYOSTOMA ;
but in these instances they are usually more symmetrical, and may be
recognized by the smoothly rounded outline and the extreme posterior
extension of the peristome on the adjacent volution. The surface is
evenly striated by fine elevated threadlike striae parallel to the lines of
growth.
Although differing in external characters from any other gasteropods
of the group, I have not until recently had the means of determining
the generic relations of these forms. During the past year (1857) I
obtained from Cumberland (Maryland), some Gasteropoda of the Ori-
skany sandstone, among which was a single specimen of one of these
shells entire and without adhering stone. This specimen, and some others
subsequently obtained, show that the fossils having the character just
noticed possess a peculiar form of columella, which is more or less dis-
tinctly twisted or folded, or with a broad spiral groove within the outer
edge of the columella, and between that and a parallel ridge or callosity.
For these shells I have proposed the generic name Strophostylus.*
GENUS SrRopuHostyLus (Hall).
{ Gr. oTpepw, verto ; otvdoc, columella. |
GENERIC CHARACTER. Shells subglobose or ovoid-globose. Spire small,
with a large ventricose body-whorl; outer lip thin, not reflected
(sometimes slightly expanded ); columella twisted or spirally grooved
within, not reflected; umbilicus none: aperture somewhat round-
ovate or transversely broad oval.
The columella is rarely seen, though I have been so fortunate as to
discover it in three species from the Oriskany sandstone; while it is
partially exposed in two other species, one of which is from the Ori-
* Paleontology of New-York, Vol. 111. p. 308.
22 | [AsseMBLyY
skany sandstone, and the other from the limestone of the Lower Helder-
berg group.
The figures 1 and 2 are illustrations of well-marked species from the Oriskany
sandstone.
Fig. 8 is of another species from the same rock, showing the same general charac-
ter of the columella.
Under this genus I have deseribed the Strophostylus elegans, S. globosus>
S. obtwsus, S. depressus, S. fitchi and S. rotundatus, from the rocks of the
Lower Helderberg group ; and S. transversi's, 8. matheri, 8. andrews? and
S. erpansus from the Oriskany Sandstone.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS NUCLEOSPIRA.
In Murcutson’s Silurian System, Mr. Sowrrzy has described, under
the name Spirifer? pisum, a species differing essentially in general
external characters from the typical forms of that genus. This species
has been adopted as a true Spirifer in Morrts’s Catalogue of British
Fossils, and in the Nomenclator Paleontologicus of Bronn, as well
as elsewhere. Subsequently I discovered in the Niagara shales a
form so similar to the British species, that I regarded it as identical;
but, from the condition and character of the specimens, I considered
them as more nearly allied to Orthis than to Spirifer, and, according-
ly, in the second volume of the Paleontology of New-York, de-
signated the Niagara fossil Orthis pisum.
- Since that period, my collections from the Helderberg have re-
vealed a species similar to the one from the Niagara group; but
among the numerous individuals from the latter rocks, I found
several which were clearly furnished with internal spires like the
true Spirifer, thus separating it from Orthis by unequivocal charac-
ters. Finding no genus for the reception of these forms, I described
the latter as Spirifer ventricosa; and it has been so published in my
descriptions of new paleozoic fossils in the Report of the Regents
of the University upon the State Collections of Natural History.
Farther examination has satisfied me of the impropriety of placing
this fossil under either of the genera named, for several reasons. The
central depressed line, or narrow sinus, which might be regarded as
the mesial sinus of Spirifer, is almost equally a character of both
valves; the apparent area is not a true area; and the apparent
foramen, being merely a depression in the false area, does not cor-
respond to the foramen either of Spirifer or of Orthis, not opening
into the cavity of the shell. The hinge-line is not extended in the
manner of these shells, particularly of the former; while the pre-
sence of a spire sufficiently distinguishes it from the latter.
The Lower Helderberg group furnishes one, and perhaps two,
other species; and I find that the fossil described by me as Atrypa
concinna in the Report of the Fourth Geological District (1843), is
another species belonging to the same group of fossils, in which both
the external characters and internal structure differ so essentially
from any of the described genera of Brachiopoda as to constitute a
distinct genus; and which, from the general nucleolar character of
the known species, I propose to designate NuciEospira.
24 | AssEMBLY
Genus Nucteospira ( Hall, 1857).
Spirifer : Murcutson, SowERsy, et al.; Orthis : Haun.
[ Gr. von, nucleus; omega, spira.]
Suet spheroidal or transversely elliptical, more or less gibbous or
ventricose, furnished with internal spires as in Spirifer : hinge-
line shorter than the width of the shell; cardinal extremities
rounded : valves subequal, articulating by teeth and sockets.
Ventral valve having the beak extended beyond the opposite
valve, and beneath it a triangular depression or area, which
sometimes terminates in a shallow spoonshaped pit; on each side
of which, at the base, is a strong tooth. A narrow ridge or septum
extends along the centre of the inner side of the valve, from beak
to base. Dorsal valve furnished with a strong spatulate cardinal
process, which, rising vertically from the cardinal margin, is
closely grasped at its base by the cardinal teeth of the other
valve; and thence bending abruptly upwards, and expanding, is
projected into the cavity of the opposite beak, lying close upon
the underside of the false area. This process is grooved or de-
pressed in the centre of the upper side, so as to leave between it
and the arch of the ventral beak a narrow space for the passage
of a pedicle, for the protrusion of which a minute foramen is
sometimes observed in the beak. From the sides of this process,
above the junction of the teeth of the opposite valve, and at the
point where it bends upwards, originate the crural processes
which support the spires. A deep cavity beneath the cardinal
process extends to the dorsal beak, from which originates a thin
elevated septum running to the base of the shell. Muscular im-
prints confined to a narrow oval space.
Surrace apparently smooth; under a lens, punctate : shell structure
punctate, and, when perfect, covered with minute hair-like spines.
The larger species of this genus present some analogy in external ap-
pearance with Spzrigera, and the presence of internal spires increases the
similarity. The cardinal teeth resemble those of Spirzgera and Merista :
the punctate shell and the structure of the hinge are, however, quite dif-
ferent. In form, and in the punctate character, it simulates Magas; while
the elongate cardinal process of the dorsal valve resembles that organ in
Thecidium. The genus, however, when regarded in all its features, is
very distinct from any of these; and the species will constitute, so far as
regards American paleeozoic brachiopoda at present known, a well-marked,
beautiful, and interesting little group. The geological range of the genus, as
No. 186. | 25
at present known, extends from the Niagara, through the Lower Helderberg,
to the Hamilton ; though it is probable we shall find them in other strata.
Under this genus I have described NV. ventricosa, N. elegans and N.
concentrica from the Lower Helderberg rocks; N. pisiformis ( Orthis
pisum, Pal. New-York, Vol. ii, p. 250), from the Niagara group ; and NV.
concinna ( Atrypa concinna, Rep. of the Fourth Geol. District of New-
York, 1843, p. 200, f.3), which are the species known to me at the be-
ginning of 1848.
The following figures are illustrations of the structure of the genus, as
shown in IV. ventricosa.
Fia.1. Interior of the dorsalyalve. +
3. Cardinal process.
c, ¢. Crural processes.
b, b. Dental fossets.
r. Muscular imprints.
s. Medio-longitudinal septum.
Fic. 2. Profile view of the dorsal valve, showing the recurved cardinal
process and the bases of the spiral arms.
Fra. 3. Interior of the ventral valve.
2. A flattened space or false area beneath the beak.
t,t. Teeth.
Ss. Medio-longitudinal septum.
Fic. 4. Profile view of the ventral valve.
Fic. 5. The interior of the dorsal valve, with a portion of the
ventral valve attached. The figure shows the concave or
grooved surface of the cardinal process 3, as if for the
passage of a pedicle; the bases of the crura c, c, coming
off at the base of the cardinal process; while the teeth
of the ventral valve, ¢, ¢, fitting into the fossets below
these, clasp the whole firmly.
_ [Assembly No. 186. | 4
26 [ AssEMBLY
Fie. 6. The ventral valve, showing the spires as detached from
the dorsal valve, and the arching transverse filament
which connects the two a little below their base.
q Fie.7. A longitudinal section of the two valves in their natural
: relations te each other, showing the cardinal process s
of the dorsal valve extending beneath the false area of
the opposite valve, and curving into the rostral cavity.
The crura c, from which the spiral arm on one side is
shown, first bend a little into the ventral cavity, and then
turn abruptly backwards and curve into the dorsal ca-
vity, following essentially the curvature of the valve :
about midway between the beak and base is shown one side of the connecting process
1, which tends abruptly upwards and backwards, terminating in an acute point which
is directed towards the free extremity of the descending branch of the erural process.
The medio-longitudinal septa s, s, are of equal elevation in the two valves.
Fia. 8. Dorsal valve, showing the attachment and
base of the crura.
These figures are all enlarged three diameters, except fig. 8, which is
four diameters. Every part here shown has been clearly seen in specimens
of IV. ventricosa, and the structure is corroborated by specimens of IV.
concinna.
Fig. 9. Dorsal and cardinal views of a specimen of Nucleospira
concinna (Atrypa concinna), from the Hamilton group.
of New-York.
For farther illustrations of the genus and species, see Vol. ii, Paleeonto-
logy of New-York, Plate xviII B.
No. 186.] (QF
Genus Tremarospira ( Hall, 1857).
Spirifer : Conrad, Hann; Atrypa: Haws.
[ Gr. tesun, foramen; omega, spira.]
Suet transverse, elliptical or subrhomboidal, inequivalve, furnished
with internal spires (arranged as in Spirifer) : hinge-line shorter
than the width of the shell; cardinal angles rounded. Valves ar-
ticulated by teeth and sockets : beak of ventral valve produced
or incurved and truncated by a small round perforation, separated
from the hinge-line by a deltidium. A deep triangular pit, or
foramen beneath the beak of the ventral valve, which is filled by
the closely incurved beak of the dorsal valve. False area some-
times defined.
Surrace marked either with strong simple plications or finer fasci-
culate or bifurcating strie, which cover also the mesial elevation
and ‘depression. Shell structure punctate?
In the extension of the hinge-line, the mesial sinus, the internal spires,
and, partially, in the exterior markings, this genus resembles SPIRIFER
and SPIRIFERINA : in the perforate beak, false area, and incurvature of the
beak of the dorsal valve beneath the apex of the opposite valve, it resem-
bles ATRYPA; while one of the species has the general aspect of Ruyn-
CHONELLA. From RErTzt1a, Sprrigera, and MeristA, which have similar
internal spires, it is separated by external and other important characters.
The appearance of an area is deceptive ; depending mainly upon a partial
displacement of the valves, which presents to view the hinge-line of the
ventral valve. This is true of T. multzstréata, where we find some speci-
mens with an appearance of an area, and others without. The 7. perforata
is clearly without an area, as well as T. costata ; though the margin of the
foramen in the former of these is often defined in such a manner as to re-
semble a true area. The broad triangular foramen or pit for the reception
of the beak of the dorsal valve is a constant and conspicuous feature. This
pit does not appear to be like the foramen of Spérzfer, an opening into
the cavity of the valve, but is spoonshaped, somewhat like that of Pen-
tamerus ; its lateral walls in T. multistriata having been traced for some
distance below the margins, apparently converging towards each other.
The known species present the variety of surface marking, respectively,
of simple costz, strong angular striz in fascicles, and finer somewhat
rounded bifurcating or simple striz. Specimens of each are rare; and of
T. costata, but a single one was found among collections continued un-
interruptedly through a period of ten years, and a second specimen has
since been obtained. The condition of the specimens is such as not to admit
of satisfactory investigations of the interior, which must for the present
remain partially undetermined.
28 [ ASSEMBLY
The species positively determined to the present time are from the rocks”
of the Lower Helderberg group; to which may be added the Trematospira
(Atrypa) camura of the Niagara group, which presents some slight devia-
tion in the perforation of the beak, and a species from the Hamilton group
which is apparently of the same genus.
Fig.1. Trematospira costata. Dorsal and front views.
Fig. 2. 7. perforata. Dorsal view.
Fig. 3. T. multistriata. The ventral valve, from which the dorsal valve has been
ground away, showing the spires as they appear on the polished surface of
the stone.
Fig.4. Ventral and front view of 7. multistriata.
Geological range. Admitting the species from the Hamilton group as of
the same genus, its range is from the Niagara group to the Hamilton group,
or from near the base of the Upper Silurian to the middle of the Devonian
period.
The following species have been described :
T. perforata,
T. multistriata,
T. costata,
T. simplez,
I’. simplex var. from the Lower Helderberg group ;
T. camura, from the Niagara group.
No. 186.] 29
Genus RuyncHosrira (n.¢.).
[ Gr. ovyyos, rostrum ; omega, sptra : in allusion to its similarity in form
to RRYNCHONELLA, and having internal spires. |
Terebratula and Rhynchonella of authors.
Waldhetma : Harr, 1856.
Trematospira, Subgenus Rhynchospira : Haw, 1857.
Rhynchospira : Hay, 1858.
Suett longitudinally ovate or subglobose, more or less gibbous,
acute or obtuse at the apex. Valves subequally convex; mesial
fold not strongly defined, one, two, or more smaller plications
usually marking the centre of each valve : beak of the ventral
valve perforate, the perforation generally well defined, the lower
formed by a deltidium which sauakiia it from the umbo of the
opposite valve.
Surrace radiatingly plicate or striate : shell-structure punctate or
striato-punctate ?
Vatves articulating by teeth and sockets; the crura supporting two —
conical spires, which occupy the greater part of the cavity of the
two valves. The cardinal process of the dorsal valve is a broad
subemarginate plate, spreading laterally and a little recurved at
its basal margins, where it is clasped by the teeth of the opposite
valve, and extends beneath the deltidium, lying close against the
inner surface of that part of the ventral valve.
The mode of articulation, as now determined, is very similar to that of
NucLeEosPira ; but the cardinal process is proportionally shorter and
emarginate at the extremity, the perforation of the beak large and distinct,
while the form is different and the exterior surface plicate or striate, and
not punctate as in that genus.
The form of the species is not unlike Rhynchonella, but usually more
symmetrically rounded, and with less distinct mesial sinuosities. In these
characters they resemble WALDHEIMIA, to which genus I had originally
referred them until the discovery of the internal spires.
Several of these shells bear a close resemblance, both in the general form
and in the interior spires, to Rerz1a ; but the dorsal valve never presents
the straight extended hinge-line, nor the ventral valve the short area,
common to the carboniferous species of that genus.
From the external characters of the species referred by me to Atrypa
aprinis, Palzontol. New-York, Vol.ii, pa. 280, pl. 57, f. 7 (= Terebra-
_tula aprinis, M. V. K. Geol. Russia and the Ural Mountains, Vol. ii,
pa. 90, pl. x, £10), I infer that it belongs to this genus.
30 [ AsseEMBLY
The accompanying figures illustrate the principal characters shown in the
typical species R. formosa. -
Fig. 1. Dorsal view of a specimen, natural size.
Fig. 2. Interior of the dorsal valve enlarged two diameters, to show the broad eardinal
process 7 which covers the extremity of the beak, the bases of the crura c,
and the short medio-longitudinal septum s.
Fig. 3. Profile view of the same, showing the cardinal and crural processes.
Fig. 4. Interior of the ventral valve, natural size, showing the teeth, the deltidium,
and the foramen.
og
03
Fig. 5. The upper part of the two valves connected in their natural relations to each
other, showing the teeth, the ventral valve below, the sockets, base of crura,
cardinal process, and septum of the dorsal valve.
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section, showing the foramen, the deltidium and the nie
process of the opposite valve. lying beneath ‘its the crura, first bending down-
wards, and then recurved into the dorsal valve and its continuation in the
spire, with the descending process e, which forms, with the opposite one, a
connecting filament between the two spires.
The following species, published in the Report of the Regents of the
University for 1856, may be referred to this genus.
Waldheimia globosa = Rhynchospira globosa ;
W. formosa ee 1B formosa ; —
W. dewey? a= Unive deweyl ;
W. rectirostra = RK. rectirostra.
See also the same species described in the Paleontology of New-York,
Vol. ili, pages 215, 216 & 217, Plates xxxvi & XXXVI A.
Geological range. The species at present referred to this genus are from
the Niagara and Lower Helderberg groups’; while I have a single analo-
gous form, not yet fully determined, from the Hamilton group.
No. 186. ] 31
Genus TropipoLertus ( Hall ).
[ Gr. qo07IC, carina; erttoc, tenuis : the carinate ventral valve and
shallow visceral cavity, in its analogy with Luprana.]
Strophomena : CONRAD.
Leptena : Hatt, Owen, and others.
Tropidoleptus : Hatt, Regents’ Report for 1856; Palzeozoic Fossils, 1857.
Suet transversely oval or longitudinally semielliptical, one valve
convex and the other concave, articulating by teeth and sockets;
hinge-line equal to or less than the greatest width of the shell.
Ventral valve with a linear area and triangular foramen or notch
in the margin of the area : from the inner edges of this proceed
the dental lamelle, which are separated from the area by a nar-
row groove strongly crenulated on the outer edge and extending
obliquely outwards, terminating in a low ridge which partially
surrounds the muscular impression. Dorsal valve concave; the
cardinal process prominent, somewhat wedge-shaped, obtuse at
the outer extremity, and diverges in the interior, supporting the
bases of the crura. Dental fossets crenulate.
Surrace plicate : shell-structure punctate.
The Strophomena carinata of Conran is the type of this genus, and
the only species determined at the present time (See Report of the Regents
for 1856, page 111).
ventral and dorsal valves of
a large individual. The ven-
tral valve is partially covered
by a bryozoum.
Fig. 8. The interior of the ventral valve, showing the area, foramen, teeth, etc., en-
larged.
Fig. 4. The interior of the dorsal valve, showing the cardinal process, the dental fos-
sets, the bases of the crura, and the septum.
32 | ASSEMBLY
Genus Leprocenia ( Hall, 1856).
[ Gr. Aewrog, tenuis; xowdwe, venter, in allusion to the shallow visceral
cavity. |
Terebratula and Rhynchonella, in part, of authors.
Atrypa : Conrad, Hatt, et al.
Leptocelia : HAuu, Regent’s Report for 1856.
SHELL inequivalved, variable in form, usually semioval or subcircu-.
lar, transverse or elongate, plano-convex or concayvo-convex :
hinge-line sometimes equal to the greatest width of the* shell.
_ Ventral valve convex or subangular in the middle, with beak
more or less extended, moderately incurved; foramen terminal,
the lower side formed by two deltidial pieces. Dorsal valve flat
or concave, or depresso-convex. A mesial fold and sinus usually
existing, but not often prominent. Structure of shell lamellose or
fibrous, not punctate.
Vatves articulating by means of two strong teeth in the ventral,
inserted into sockets in the dorsal valve, which are mainly ex-
cavated in the base of a strong cardinal process : teeth converging,
denticulate, with corresponding denticulations in the sockets.
Muscular impressions marking a large oval or flabelliform area,
with a thin median septum : adductor imprints small.
The dorsal valve is marked by a strong cardinal process, at the
base of which, on each side, are the deep oblique dental fossets;
and from the inner margins of these proceed the crural processes,
supported below by thickened plates which extend obliquely for a
short distance towards the middle of the shell, bordering the mus-
cular impression. The muscular impresion forms a suboval space,
divided through the middle by a low median septum.
The crura, in their extension, are united ina flattened disk, which
terminates at its remote extremity in an acute point; and on the
centre of the cardinal side of the disc there is a slender process
extending downwards, while near the junction of the crura with
the disc there is, on each side, a slender descending process con-
tinued into the cavity of the ventral valve. The cardinal process, in
its central portion, is thickéned at first and divided in the middle,
but, in old shells, gradually filling the passage to the foramen, and
sometimes by a prominent point in the centre entirely dividing the
passage. .
The hinge-line is often much extended, and in the dorsal valve
nearly straight to the cardinal angles. There is sometimes the ap-
No. 186.] 83
pearance of a false area on the ventral valve, somewhat similar to
Arrypa, the margin being thickened and grooved; but this does not
appear to be a characteristic or constant feature.
The specimens of the interior, which have fallen under my ob-
servation, usually preserve only the short crural processes; and it
is in one specimen alone, which is partially filled with crystalline
matter, that distinct cavities can be seen corresponding with what
I have described. The crystalline matter was first deposited upon
these internal organs, which have subsequently almost entirely
decomposed, leaving in the cavities fragments of the substance,
showing the original form of the crura and appendages.
The shells of this form have been described as TEREBRATULA, and more
recently have been included with RHYNcHONELLA, from which they differ
conspicuously in the great inequality of the valves and the extension of the
hinge-line, as well as in their internal structure.
- The accompanying illustrations show all that has been thus far determined
relative to the internal structure o/ this genus. Figures 1, 2 and 4 are from
specimens of L. flabellites ; and fig.3 is a nearly perfect specimen of L.
jimbriata.
Fig. 1. The interior of the ventral valve, showing the cardinal teeth and the muscular
impression.
Fig. 2. Interior of the dorsal valve, showing the cardinal process j, the teeth sockets
bb, the bases of the cruracc, and the short thickened septum which
divides the muscular impression.
Fig. 8. Anenlarged figure of L. fimbriata, showing the usual form, the foramen at the
beak, and the fimbriz on the cardinal margin.
Fig. 4. The interior as shown in a specimen of L. flabellites, where it has been partial-
ly filled with crystallme quartz. The decomposition of the crura, loop, and
the flattened disc, have left cavities of the same form in the quartz, and
small portions of the substance of some of these parts still remain. The
’ specimen is a dorsal valve which retains the matter formerly filling the shell,
and it is seen from the ventral side.
I have heretofore referred to this genus the Leptocelia (Atrypa) dis-
parilis of the Niagara group, the Terebratula lepida of GoLpFUSS, the
T. sublepida and T. duboisizt of MM. Murcuison, DE VERNEUIL and
Kryser.ine (Geology of Russia and the Ural Mountains). The L. concava
and L. zmbricata of the Lower Helderberg group are analogous forms,
which have been referred to this genus. The Atrypa hemispherica of
Murcuison is apparently a characteristic form of this genus, as well as
[Assembly No. 186. ] 5
34 [ ASSEMBLY
the A. planoconvexa, both of the Clinton group*. The internal structure,
however, has been determined from the species of the Oriskany sandstone
and Lower Helderberg specimens, but mainly from the former.
In its hinge-structure it approaches TROPIDOLEPTUS ; buf the hinge-line
of the dorsal valve is never so far produced, while the beak is much more
extended. In TRoprpoLEptus there is a distinct linear area, and the teeth
and sockets are crenulated; the form and character of the muscular im-
pressions are different, and the structure of the shell is punctate.
Geological range. The genus begins its existence as low down in the
system as the Clinton group, and extends through all the members of the
_ series to the limestones of the Upper Helderberg, and perhaps above that
point.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS EATONIA.
In the Annual Report on the Paleontology of New-York for 1841,
Mr. Conran described and figured a species of brachiopod from the
Oriskany sandstone under the name of /trypa peculiarist. A similar
species was described by Mr. Vanuxem, in his Geological Report in
1843, under the name of Atrypa singularis{, from the shaly limestone
of the Lower Helderberg group.
These species are both remarkable in their form and exterior
surface markings; having one valve deeply sinuate on its anterior
margin, and the other with a long linguiform extension filling the
sinuosity, while the surfaces are finely marked by radiating strie.
A. third species, described by Mr. Vanuxem as the Atrypa medialis,
was placed in the same group with the two preceding, though the
external appearance would scarcely justify such an arrangement.
In the course of continued collections in the Helderberg, nume-
rous casts of these species were obtained; and it became apparent
that they possessed a peculiar internal structure, leaving upon the
casts similar muscular and vascular impressions. For these forms I
proposed, in 1856, the name Eartonta||, describing several species.
The genus may be characterized as follows :
* The last-named species presents some differences in the hinge-structure, which may prove
of sufficient importance to unite the lower group of species under another generic designation.
{ Annual Report on the Paleontology of New-York, 1841, pa. 56, pl. f. 11.
{ Report on the Third Geological District of New-York, 1843, p. 120, f.3.
|| Report of the Regents of the University on the State Cabinet of Natural History for 1856:
Also New Species of Palaozoic Fossils, 1857.
No. 186.] 35
GENUS Earonta* ( Hall, 1856).
Terebratula, in part, of authors.
Atrypa : Conrad, VANUXEM, Hay, and Marner.
Rhynchonella, in part, of authors.
Suet oval or ovoid, subcircular, elongate or transverse. Valves
very unequally convex, with a strongly developed mesial fold and
sinus. Beak of the ventral valve perforate.
The ventral valve is usually nearly flat or slightly convex near
the beak, flattened or concave in the middle, with a broad deep
sinus extending thence to the front of the shell; the anterior ex-
tension being often turned at right angles to the plane of the lon-
gitudinal axis. Beak small, elevated and closely incurved over the
umbo of the opposite valve, perforate : no area. Dorsal valve
convex, often ventricose, with a deep sinus in the anterior margin.
Valves articulating by teeth and sockets; the anterior and antero-
lateral margins often crenulate or plicate within. The cardino-lateral
margins of the ventral valve are usually angularly inflected, and
embraced within the edges of the dorsal valve.
The valves articulate by means of two teeth in the ventral valve
with corresponding sockets in the dorsal valve, and a medio-longi-
tudinal ridge in the ventral valve which is more or less completely
embraced between the deeply bifurcating cardinal process of the
dorsal valve, which forms part of the apophysary system.
The dorsal valve has a prominent bifurcating cardinal process,
the branches of which, slightly diverging, form the first or lower
crural processes, which are directed upwards and inwards, or, when
the valves are closed, are directed into the muscular cavity of the
ventral valve ( their upper surfaces slightly grooved )+. Below these
first processes, and proceeding from the origin of the thickened
cardinal process, another pair of crura are directed inwards, and
gently curve towards the first, the medio-longitudinal ridge being
continued to the centre of the valve; and on each side, from these
* In memoriam Professor Amos HAton, Principal of the Rensselaer School in Troy, from
its establishment in 1824, to his death in 1842.
} These processes correspond precisely with what are termed the crural processes in Ruyy-
CHONELLA, and do not differ materially from the corresponding parts of Rhynchonella psit-
tacea, except in their prominence or extension beyond the cavity of the shell as shown ‘in the
figures. In the older shells, at least, this process is deeply bifurcate, and grasps the medio-
longitudinal septum of the ventral valve, giving additional strength to the hinge. The ulti-
mate extension and form of these processes is still undetermined. Separate valves of the species
of this genus are rarely observed, even in positions where the entire shells are common, and
where they would have been preserved had they been readily separable like many others:
36 | [ AssEMBLY
second crural processes, a ridge proceeds along the inside of the
shell nearly parallel to the margin. This ridge, or thickening of the
shell, marks the extent to which the margin of the ventral extends
within the edge of the dorsal valve.
In the ventral valve, the two strong teeth proceed from the
thickened margin of the valve; and below these, but not distinctly
connected with them, are lamelle, which, extending into the cavity
of the beak, continue downwards, forming an elevated rim around
the deep muscular impression. This elevated rim, which is conver-
gent, grasps the neck of the cardinal process of the opposite valve
in its narrowest part between the two pairs of processes ( figures 1,
2, 3, and 6).
The muscular area is longitudinally oval, with a strong median
plate, which, about halfway from the beak to the base of the mus-
cular impression, spreads laterally and becomes slightly raised from
the shell, leaving a little cavity beneath it; and in this, and below
its edge, are the cordiform adductor imprints*. The median ridge is
continued below this point, but less prominently than above. When
the muscular impression is perfectly preserved, it is radiatingly
plicated towards the margin in all the species observed. The casts
of the ventral valve show the form of this muscular impression in
strong relief, and, in well-preserved specimens, the small adductor
impression projects a little above the level of the other part.
The muscular impression in the dorsal valve is somewhat central,
oval or cordiform; beginning sometimes a little above the termina-
tion of the median septum, and sometimes nearer the beak, and
expanding towards the front of the shell. This impression is mar-
gined by a slightly elevated rim, and in some species there is a
double rim.
The points of similarity with RHYNCHONELLA will at once be observed
on comparison of this description with that of the former genus, or on
comparison with the fossils themselves. The most striking difference in the
ventral valve is the absence of dental plates, strictly speaking ; though
these are represented in the elevated lamellee surrounding the muscular
impression, which is much stronger and differs in some respects from that
of Rhynchonella. In some of the palzozoic Rhynchonelle there are no
dental plates visible, and the muscular depression is but faintly defined.
In the median septum of the ventral valve, which in the older shells ar-
ticulates with the central process of the opposite one, there is a character
not observed in Rhynchonella proper. The most conspicuous difference,
however, is in the dorsal valve and its four crural processes, which differ
essentially from Rhynchonella and every other brachiopod known to me.
* See figures 3 and 4, page 37.
No. 186.] 37
I have not discovered the deltidial plates, though they have probably
existed. The foramen appears to be formed on the lower side by the umbo
of the opposite valve, and, in the young state, there is room for the pro-
trusion of a small pedicle; while in older shells, where these parts have
been seen, there appears to be a thickening of the shell, and a closing of —
the passage to the beak.
The surfaces of these shells are radiatingly striate or plicate; one of the
most conspicuous external features being the broad deep sinus en the lower
half of the ventral valve, and the abrupt bending of the front of the shell.
Geological range. Hitherto I have not distinguished any species in
the Lower Silurian rocks ; and, in the State of New-York, those already
known are confined to the Lower Helderberg group and the Oriskany
sandstone.
Under this genus, the Eatonia medialis, E. eminens, E. sengularis and
E. peculiaris are described on pages 241, 242, 243 and 244 of the Pale-
ontology of New-York, vol.ii; and E. pumzla, E. whitfieldi, and EF.
sinuata, on pages 437 and 488 of the same volume.
The following figures are from specimens of Hatonia peculiaris, and
illustrate the more important features of the genus.
:
Fig. 1. The dorsal valve in profile, showing the deep sinus in front, the crural processes
(cl and c 2), the median septum (s), and muscular impression (a).
Fig. 2. The dorsal valve, looking vertically into the interior. The upper crural pro-
cesses (c 2) are not quite sufficiently divergent.
Fig.3. The ventral valve. showing the form of the muscular impressions (a, R) and
the teeth (¢).
Fig. 4. The ventral valve preserving a part of the dorsal valve attached, showing the
first crural processes (c 1) extending into the muscular cavity. The exten
sion of the shell in front is broken off, to show the interior.
‘Fig.5. Profile of the ventral valve, showing the teeth and the elevation of the shell
at R, the lower limit of the muscular impression.
Fig.6. Another specimen (the figure enlarged) with the dorsal valve downwards,
showing the median septum of that valve (s), and the crural processes
with the median septum of the ventral valve (s) embraced between tke
processes (c 1). The muscular cavity of the ventral valve (R) is limited
by inflected lamelle, which embrace the neck of the cardinal process of the
dorsal valve.
Fig. 7. A cast of the interior of the ventral valve, showing the muscular and vascular
impressions.
38 } [ AssEMBLY
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS RENSSELERIA.
Tue species which I have grouped under this designation, have, in
some of their forms, been described as TerepratuLa, ATRYPA and
Prentamervus, and more recently I have referred them to MeganteE-
ris; to neither of which genera do they belong. One of the most
common species in the Oriskany sandstone attracted attention in the
collections which were made at the Helderberg mountains forty
years ago, and specimens are preserved in the “ Clinton Collection”
of the Albany Institute. Professor Amos Earon, in his Geological
Textbook published in 1832 (p.45), recognizes two species which
he notices as Terebratula ovoides and T. perovalis; but since he re-
marks that they are found “also in all parts of Europe in the same
rock,” it is to be presumed that he regarded these forms as identical
with the European species of the same names.
In 1839, Mr. Conrap described the more common form from the .
Oriskany sandstone as Atrypa elongata*; a name adopted by the
geologists of New-York, and perpetuated in their reports. He also —
describes a species of this genus, from the Lower Helderberg group, -
as Atrypa equiradiatat+. ;
In 1843, Mr. Vanuxem described a species of this genus, from the
Upper Helderberg limestone, as Pentamerus elongatat.
These fossils, though presenting considerable variety when com-
pared in their extreme forms, nevertheless constitute a very natural
and beautiful group, easily recognized both in their external and
internal characters||.
* Annual Report on the Paleontology of New-York, 1839, p. 65.
} Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. viii, 1842, p. 266.
t Geological Report of the Third District of New-York, 1843, pp.132 & 133, f. 1.
|| In 1855, after having studied the exterior of the shell and its structure, together with
the casts which I had obtained in New-York, I proposed for these fossils a distinct generic
designation; but receiving, soon after, Mr. DAvipson’s paper ‘‘On the systematic arrange-
ment of recent and fossil brachiopoda,”? published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural
History for December 1855, I observed for the first time, in the accompanying improved table
of genera, the name of Meganteris (Suess), with a reference to T'erebratula archiaci as
the type of the genus. The figure given in the Palesontographica so much resembles the casts
of some of the Rensseleriz, that I inferred the two to be identical, and have thus deseribed
these fossils in my paper published in the Regents? Report for 1856 (Paleozoic Fossils, 1857) ;
and it was not until recently (1858) that my correspondence with Mr. DAvipson and Mr.
Supss, and the reception of the paper of Mr.Sumss on the Genus MEGANTERIS, with il-
lustrations, has satisfied me that this genus is quite distinct from the RENSSELMRIA.
No. 186.] | 39
Genus ReEnsseLzria* (Hall).
Terebratula : Eaton, 1834 - 1842. Atrypa : VANuxem, Marner, HA, 1843.
Atrypa : Conran, 1839. Meganteris : Haut, 1856 & 1857.
Pentamerus : VANUxEM, Haut, 1843. Rensseleria : Hau, 1858.
Suety inequivalved, oval, ovoid or suborbicular, elongated or rarely
transverse and sometimes subtriangular, generally gibbous or
- ventricose. Valves more or less convex, without mesial fold or
sinus : beak prominent, acute, more or less incurved; foramen
terminal, sometimes concealed, round or oval, the lower side
formed by two small deltidial pieces, and, in their absence, by
the umbo of the opposite valve, and then appears triangular.
- Shell-structure distinctly punctate.
Surrace radiatingly striated or finely plicated, rarely smooth?
Vatves articulating by two somewhat widely separated teeth in the
ventral valve, with corresponding sockets in the dorsal valye. The
diverging cardinal teeth supported by strong dental plates, which,
on their anterior margins, extend about half the depth of the
cavity of the valve, when they turn abruptly towards the beak,
and approach each other or unite in the rostral cavity : from this
point of return, there is a low ridge bounding the muscular area,
which is an elongate more or less oval depression, in the centre
of which the adductor muscles occupy two small narrow scars;
a more or less prominent median septum extends the entire length.
Jn the dorsal valve, the dental sockets lie between the shell proper,
and a strong, often much thickened process, from the anterior ex-
tension of which proceed the slender crural processes, first in a
direct line, and then one division of each, diverging into the centre
of the ventral valve, terminate in acute points. On the other side
the divisions extend nearly at right angles to the axis of the shell,
into. the cavity of the dorsal valve; and thence bending abruptly
forward and gradually converging, terminate above the centre of the
shell in a thin flattened or longitudinally concave plate, which, at
its remote extremity, ends in an acute point, the whole being Jan-
* J have given this generic designation to commemorate the name of the late Hon. StrpHEen
' Van RENSSELAER, to whose munificence we owe the early geological and agricultural surveys
in the State of New-York; and to whose liberality, in establishing the Rensselaer School for
teaching the sciences with their application to agriculture and the arts, I conceive is due the
great impulse given to thestudy of the natural sciences, at a period when these pursuits were
little fostered in any of our institutions of learning; and if the results of the Geological
Survey in New-York are entitled to any pre-eminence, we are indebted to this early influence
more than to any other cause.
40 ‘[Assempry
ceolate or hastate; and from the centre of the concave margin be-—
tween the crura issues a slender process, which penetrates into the
cavity of the ventral valve. This process, with the two first described
as extending into the cavity of the ventral valve, sometimes reach
nearly to the inner side of the shell, the three gradually converging
to the extremities which are near together. This peculiar apparatus
is not attached to any median septum; and the ae is left without
any support, except from the slender crura.
The cardinal process at the base of the crura is often much
thickened, and sometimes extends forward into the shell much more
than in others; and when it becomes thickened in old shells, is
often distinctly marked by two grooves upon its summit. Behind
this process and between it and the beak, there is a distinct round
foramen communicating beneath with the interior cavity of the
valve. The points for the attachment of adductor muscles in the
dorsal valve are double.
The internal structure described has been fully determined in two species,
and partially seen in others. In one species, twenty or more individuals have
shown it, with some slight variations in the form of the longitudinal plate,
as illustrated in the figures on Plate cvi1, Paleontology N.Y. Vol. ili.
The shells of this genus are usually oval or ovate in outline, and often ©
very ventricose ; some species varying greatly in their different stages of
growth. At present, I know of but a single exception to the form men-
tioned.
In the greater number of species, the lateral margins of the shell are
bent abruptly inwards, often at right angles, or still more abruptly, so as
to leave an angular groove along the margin of the united valves. This
character is sometimes seen in the young shell, while often it appears only
in the more,advanced stages of growth. The species vary greatly in size,
ranging from the smallest to nearly that of the largest brachiopod of this
general form in the paleeozoic rocks. The largest specimens figured have a
length of three inches, and I have fragments of others which have been
much larger.
2
The geological range of the genus, as at present known, is from the
upper part of the Lower Helderberg group, through the Oriskany sandstone,
and into the Upper Helderberg limestones.
In its geographical range, it is known from Gaspé in Canada Hast, to
Virginia and Tennessee (and probably occurs in Alabama), and westerly
from New-York through Canada West, Mackinac island, Ohio, Illinois and
Missouri.
The accompanying figures illustrate the characteristics of the genus; as
shown in two species.
No. 186. ] 4]
RENSSELARIA SUESSANA.
2
Fig.1. The dorsal valve, showing the thickened processes at the base of the crura,
the dental fossets, and the minute foramen at the beak. The descending pro-
cesses, and the abrupt bending of the crura which are joined in a plate below
with the slender central process, are all shown in the specimen from which this
figure is made.
Fig.2. A diagram presenting a profile view, showing the relations of the parts de-
scribed.
These figures are enlarged to about one and a half diameters.
RENSSELZRIA OVOIDES.
5
Fig. 3. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the foramen, the large dental lamella,
muscular impressions, etc.
Fig. 4. The interior of the dorsal valve of the same species, showing the thickened
processes at the beak, the crura, the loop and the narrow longitudinal plate,
which together so much resemble a bird’s tongue with the hyoid bones.
Fig.5. A diagram presenting a longitudinal section of the two valves, showing the
crura, the descending process, etc. The dark line in the dorsal valve, between
the base of the crura and the shell, indicates the foramen described as ex-
tending from the beak into the cavity of the shell beneath the bases of the
crura. In the ventral valve a low medio-longitudinal septum is shown; while
the darker and more elevated ridge is a continuation from the base of the
dental lamelle, which limits the muscular area.
[| Assembly No. 186.] 6
42 [ ASSEMBLY
OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS CAMARIUM.
Amone the fossil species referred by me to the Genus Menrista, and
published in the Report of the Regents of the University in 1856
and 1857, and printed in the Paleontology of New-York, vol. iii,
in the latter year, are several which, although possessing the general
external form of Merista, present nevertheless some noticeable pe-
culiarities. One of these is, the strongly incurved beak of the ventral
valve, while the cardinal margin is abruptly bent inwards, leaving
an angular or subangular ridge extending from the beak to the
margin of the shell, the space between this and the cardinal margin
being sometimes flattened about halfway to the base. The front of
the shell is often produced in a broad linguiform extension of the
ventral valve : there is sometimes no depression on the middle of
the valve, and sometimes a strong angular sinus. Some separated
valves of specimens from Maryland show an arching transverse
septum below the rostral cavity, rising from the inner surface of the
shell and leaving a deep pit beneath.
The casts present an appearance somewhat as if there had been
a double rostral cavity, one below the other. Although the internal
structure is but partially determined, I can have no hesitation in
separating it from the more abundant forms which I have recognized
as Merista; and I have proposed for these fossils the generic de-
signation of Camarium.
Genus CAMARIUM (n.g.).
[ Gr. zopoea, fornix, in reference to the arching septum. |
Terebratula and .4trypa, in part, of authors.
Merista, in part : Davipson, Hatt, and other authors.
Camarium : Haru, 1858.
Suetis ovoid or elliptical, and sometimes depressed subglobose :
valves articulating by teeth and sockets; beak of ventral valve
perforate. Interior of ventral valve marked by an arching trans-
verse septum about one-third the distance from beak to base. The
inner surface-of the shell, above and below the septum, marked
by muscular imprints : structure of the crura, etc. of the dorsal
valve unknown,
No. 186. ] 43
Surrace marked by fine concentric strie; and partially exfoliated
specimens show some obscure radiating stric.
VenTraL valve flat or sinuate in the middle, and produced in a
linguiform extension in front.
From the similarity of structure, I have presumed these forms to belong
to the same group as Spirigera and Merista; but the presence of the
transverse septum seems incompatible with the existence of the internal
double spires.
Under this genus I include Merdsta princeps and M. meeki ( Pal. N.Y.
Vol. iii, pp. 251 & 252, excluding figures 1 — 3, which may be regarded
as doubtful ). I have not yet been able to determine the internal structure
so far as to make satisfactory comparisons with similar parts of Camara-
phoria. |
The following generic illustrations are from Camarium typum of the
rocks of the Lower Helderberg group, associated with the Pentamerus
galeatus and other well-known species.
Fig. 1. Interior of a ventral valve, showing the arching.septum.
Fig. 2. A similar specimen where the septum is more extended down the sides of the
shell : the upper part is somewhat broken.
Fig. 8. Longitudinal section of the ventral valve.
Fig. 4. A cast from the interior of fig. 1.
Fig. 5. Dorsal view of a perfect specimen.
Fig. 6. Profile view of the same.
44 [Assempny
Genus Tripresia (Hall, 1858 ).
[ Gr. towdaocws, trzplex, in reference to the trilobate character of several
of the species. |
SuHeuus transverse or elongate, trilobate or subtrilobate; the ventral
valve being marked by a broad deep sinuosity, and the dorsal
valve by a corresponding fold. Hinge-line straight : area small;
foramen triangular. External surface concentrically striated, and
with fine obscure or obsolete radiating strie : internal structure
not determined.
I have proposed this name to include Atrypa extans, A. cuspidata, and
A. nucleata of Vol.i, Paleontology of New-York, as well as other species.
An examination of Atrypa extans has shown the existence of a narrow
area and small triangular foramen as in Spirifer; but I have not been able
thus far to determine the internal structure. The texture of the shell, and
surface marking, although differing in some particulars from those of Me-
vista, are nevertheless similar.
TRIPLESIA EXTANS.
Fig. 1. Ventral valve. Fig. 2. Dorsal valve. Fig.3. Area and foramen of the
ventral valve.
No. 186.] 45
NOTES UPON THE GENUS GRAPTOLITHUS ;
| WITH REMARKS UPON SOME OF THE SPECIES, THEIR MODE OF GROWTH, AND MANNER
OF REPRODUCTION.
[ Supplement to Volumes I & II of the Paleontology of New-York.]
Tue short time allowed, and the limited means at my disposal, for
the investigations and collections for the first volume of the Palzeon-
tology of New-York, prevented that careful and continued examina-
tion of many of the fossiliferous beds which becomes so desirable in
the present state of the science and the requirements of geology*.
Notwithstanding this, however, fifteen species of Graptolites were
determined, ten of which were at that time new; while of those
identified with European species, we may still raise the question as
to positive specific identity, and, with the addition of new material,
the subject at this time requires a thorough revision. At that time
the peculiar branching forms of the genus were first made known,
and, so far as I am aware, a greater variety of form and character
illustrated than had previously been observed.
Two other species from the Clinton group were described in the
second volume of the Paleontology of New-York, one of these being
referable to the Genus Guanio.ires. In the same volume I described
the Genus Dicryonema, referring it to the Family Grapro.iTipex.
In a short paper published in the Proceedings of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science for 1849, I stated that
the Graptolites were not represented in the higher Silurian, Devonian
or Carboniferous strata. Subsequently, in the same year, however, I
determined the Genus Dicryvonema to belong to the Graptolitidee;
and this opinion was expressed in the second volume of the Palee-
ontology of New-York in 1850 (though the volume was not published
till 1852). The Dicryonema, on farther examination, has proved to
be an unequivocal graptolitic genus, consisting of radiating filaments
or branches which are connected together by transverse bars, and
form flabellate or funnelshaped fronds growing from a radix, and
* The first volume of the Paleontology of New-York was published in less than four years
from the time the-work was placed in my charge, and this without an assistant of any kind
furnished by the State; and the entire collections, except a small number previously in the
State collection, were made at my private expense. This state of things, and the comparative-
ly imperfect knowledge of the rocks at that time possessed by every one, may offer some
excuse for many omissions and some imperfections.
46 | ASSEMBLY |
having the inner side of the branches serrated*. The Dicrvonema is
known in the Niagara group, the Upper Helderberg limestones, and
in the Hamilton group; while the Genus Puumatina, which may be
regarded as an ailied form, is known in the Chemung group.
The Graptolitidez are therefore at this time clearly traced to the
base of the Carboniferous system, and we may probably fine allied
genera to the close of the Paleozoic period.
Various opinions had been entertained, not only as to the nature
of the Graptolites, but likewise as to their mode of growth; and it ”
was not until 1854 that the researches in the Geological Survey of
Canada brought to light some remarkable and unique forms, which
for the first time gave us a true idea regarding their perfect form
and manner of growth. :
Through the kindness of Sir Witu1am EH. Loean, these specimens
were placed in the hands of the writer, and some observations upon
them were communicated to him in April 1855 : that notice was
soon after read before the Geological Society of France, and other-
wise made public in Europe.
The following extract from the Report of Progress of the Geolo-
gical Survey of Canada for 1857 will serve to give a more perfect
idea of this discovery, and of the character of the fossils.
CANADIAN GRAPTOLITES.
Report oF JAMES Haut, Esquirnr, ADDRESSED TO Sir Wit1iam EH. Logan, F.R.S.,
DIRECTOR OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY oF CANADA.
ALBANY, MAnrcn 1, 1858.
Sir — In reply to your inquiry regarding the Graptolites and other
allied genera, confided to me for description on behalf of the Geo-
logical Survey of Canada, partly in 1854 and partly at a subsequent
- time, I have the honor to inform you that six plates of the Grapto-
lites have been engraved, and are now only waiting to be lettered,
and that drawings for ten plates more are in the engraver’s hands.
The description of twenty-four species accompanies the present
communication, and the plates will follow as fast as they are com-
pleted.
In April 1855, I communicated to you a note upon these remark-
able graptolites, discovered in the progress of the Geological Survey
during the previous year. This discovery gave for the first time a
* Mr. Satrpr was the first to announce publicly the serrate character of these branches,
and, not recognizing his fossil as identical with DicrronEMA, proposed the name GRAPTO-
PORA in 1857.
No. 186.] 47
knowledge of the true forms and mode of growth of these fossils,
of which fragments and detached branches have for so many years
been described as complete forms. Neither up to that time, nor so
far as I am aware to the present, has any evidence of the existence
of perfect forms such as these been given to the public.
Two of the species were described in the note transmitted to you
in 1855, and I have preceded the description of the remainder by
a repetition of that note.
I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient servant,
JAMES HALE.
NOTE upon the Genus GRAPTOLITHUS, and Descriptions of some remark-
able new forms from the shales of the Hudson-river group, discovered
in the investigations of the Geological Survey of Canada, under the
direction of Sir W.E. Logan. By James Haut.
[ Communicated in April, 1855.]
Tue discovery of some remarkable forms of the Genus Graproirnts,
during the progress of the Canada Geological Survey, has given an
opportunity of extending our knowledge of these interesting fossil
remains. Hitherto our observations on the Graptolites have been
directed to simple linear stipes, or to ramose forms, which, except
in branching, or rarely in having foliate forms, differ little from the
linear stipes. In a few species, as G. tenuis (Hat) and one or two
other American species, there is an indication of more complicated
structure; but, up to the present time, this has remained of doubtful
significance. The question whether these animals, in their living
state, were free or attached, is one which has been discussed without
result; and it would seem to be only in very recent times that
naturalists have abandoned altogether the opinion that these bodies
belong to the Cephalopoda.
In the year 1847, I published a short paper on the Graptolites
from the rocks of the Hudson-river group in New-York : to the
number there given, two species have since been added from the
shales of the Clinton group. Other species, yet unpublished, have
been obtained from the Hudson-river group; and since the period
of my publication in 1847, large accessions have been made to our
knowledge of this family of fossils, and to the number of species
then known. The most important publications upon this subject are
Les Graptolites de Bohéme, par J. Barranpr, 1850; Synopsis of the
Classification of British Rocks, and Description of Paleozoic Fossils,
by Rev. A. Sepewick and Freperick M‘Coy, 1851;. Grauwacken
Formation in Sachsen, etc., von H. B. Grinrrz, 1852.
AS | ASSEMBLY
The radix-like appendages, known in some of our American as
well as in some European species, have been regarded as evidence
that the animal in its living state was fixed; while M.J. Barranne,
admitting the force of these facts, asserts his belief that other species
were free. It does not, however, appear probable that in a family of
fossils so closely allied as are all the proper Graptolitidee, any such
great diversity in mode of growth would exist.
It will appear evident from what follows, that heretofore we have
been compelled to content ourselves, for the most part, with de-
scribing fragments of a fossil body, without knowing the original
form or condition of the animal when living. Under such circum-
stances, it is not surprising that various opinions have been enter-
tained, depending in a great measure upon the state of preservation
of the fossils examined. The diminution in the dimensions, or per-
haps we should rather say in the development, of the cellules or
serrations of the axis towards the base, has given rise to the opinion
advanced by Barranpe, that the extension of the axis by growth
was in that direction, and that these smaller cells were really in a
state of increase and development. In opposition to this argument,
we could before have advanced the evidence furnished by G. di-
corns, G. ramosus, G. sextans, G. furcatus, G. tenuis, and others,
which show that the stipes could not have increased in that direc-
tion. It is true that none of the species figured by Barranpe indi-
cate insuperable objections to this view; though in the figures of G.
serra ( Bronenzarr), as given by Geinirz, the improbability of such
a mode of growth is clearly shown.
It is not a little remarkable that with such additions to the
number of species as have been made by BarranpE, M‘Coy and
Geryirz, so few ramose forms have been discovered; and none, so
far as the writer is aware, approaching in the perfection of this
character to the American species.
Maintaining as we do the above view of the subject, which is
borne out by well-preserved specimens of several species, we cannot
admit ‘the proposed separation of the Graptolites into the genera
Monograpsus, Diplograpsus and Cladograpsus, for the reason that one
and the same species, as shown in single individuals, may be mono-
prionidean or diprionidean, or both; and we shall see still farther
objections to this division, as we progress, in the utter impossibility
of distinguishing these characteristics under certain circumstances.
We do not yet perceive sufficient reason to separate the branching
forms from those supposed to be not branched; for it is not always
possible to decide which have or have not been ramose, among the
No. 186. ] 49
fragments found. Moreover there are such various modes of branch-
ing, that such forms as G. ramosus present but little analogy with
such as G. gracilis.
M. Geinirz introduces among the Graptolitidee the genus WVereo-
grapsus, to include Wereites, Myrianites, Nemertites and NVemapodia.
Admitting the first three of these to be organic remains, which the
writer has elsewhere expressed his reasons for doubting, they are
not related in structure, substance, or mode of occurrence, to the
Graptolites, at least so far as regards American species; and the
NVemapodia is not a fossil body, nor the imprint of one, but simply
the recent track of a slug over the surface of the slates. The genus
Rastrites of BarranvE has not yet been recognized among American
Graptolitidee. These forms are by Grinirz united to his genus
Cladograpsus, the propriety of which we are unable to decide.
The genus Giladiolites ( Retiolites of Barrannr, 1850; Grapto-
phyllia of Hatz, 1849) occurs among American forms of the Gra-
ptolitidee in a single species in the Clinton group of New-York. A
form analogous, with the reticulated margins and straight midrib,
has been obtained from the shales of the Hudson-river group in
Canada; suggesting an inquiry as to whether the separation of this
genus, on account of the reticulated structure alone, can be sus-
tained. In the mean time we may add that the Canada collection
sustains the opinion already expressed, that the Dictyonema will
form a genus of the family Graptolitidee. The same collection has
brought to light other specimens of a character so unlike anything
heretofore described, that another very distinct genus will thereby
be added to this family. The Canadian specimens show that the
Graptolites are far from always being simple or merely branching
flattened stems.
The following diagnosis will express more accurately the character
of the Genus Grapro.iruus, as ascertained from an examination of
perfect specimens in this collection.
Genus GrapToitHus ( Linnzeus).
CoRALLUM or bryozoum fixed (free?), simple or compound ; the parts bi-
laterally arranged, consisting of simple stipes or of few or many simple
or variously bifurcating branches, radiating more or less regularly from
a centre, and, in the compound forms, united towards their base in a
continuous thin corneous membrane or disk formed by an expansion of
the substance of the branches, and which in the living state may have
been in some degree gelatinous. Branches with a single or double series
of cellules or serratures, communicating with a common longitudinal
[Assembly No. 186. ] 7
50 [ AssEMBLY |
canal, aitixed by aslender radix or pedicle from the centre of the exterior
side.
The fragments, either simple or variously branched, hitherto described
as snecies of Graptolithus, are for the most part to be on as detached
portions from the entire frond.
In the living state, we may suppose those with the corneous disks and
numerously branched fronds to have been concayo-convex (the upper being
the concave side), or to have had the power to assume this form at will. In
many specimens there is no evidence of a radix or point of attachment, and
they have very much the appearance of bodies which may have floated free
in the ocean.
The accompanying figure 1 is the central portion of one of these grapto-
lites, showing the bilateral arrangement of these branches and the bifurcation
of the same. The disc enclosing the bases of the branches is well preserved,
while most of the rays are broken off a little beyond its margin. The side
presented is the lower or exterior of the specimen, and the serratures are
not visible.
Vig. 2 is a specimen of the same species, from which the substance of the
disc is removed, showing the serrated margin which is compressed in that
direction.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF GRAPTOLITHUS LOGANI.
No. 186. | 51
Fig. 3 shows the central portion or radix, with the bases of the branches ;
while two of these are shown in their extensicn, laterally compressed and
showing the serratures. The entire length of some of these branches is about
seven inches.
GRAPTOLITHUS LOGANTI.
FROND composed of numerous branches nearly equally disposed on two
sides of a central connecting stipe, and each again subdividing nearly
equally ; after which they bifurcate, always near the base, with greater
or less regularity : connecting membrane thin, composed of the same
substance and continuous with the branches, extending from the centre
to some distance beyond the bifurcations. The branches, after the third
bifurcation, become marked on the inner side by a row of cellules, and
along the centre by an abruptly impressed line which follows the di-
varication of the branches : cellules minute, not prominent towards the
base of the branches, being compressed vertically, and appearing like a
double series with a central depressed line, becoming developed as they
recede from the base. The branches beyond the disk are turned on one
side and laterally flattened, and present a single series of cellules or
serrations, which are moderately deep, with the serratures acute at their
extremities ; from twenty-four to twenty-eight in an inch. The substance
of the branches, upon the exterior surface near the centre, is marked by
a depressed longitudinal line, which follows the ramifications, and gra-
dually dies out as the branches become finally simple, when the surface
on the same side is smooth or somewhat obliquely striated. The disk is
smooth exterioerly ; and from the centre is a small radicle, from which
the two sets of branches diverge.
This species, though in a general manner bilateral and presenting four
principal branches, is, nevertheless, from the irregular division of these,
usually unequal upon the two sides; and we find on examination of those
figured that they are as ten and ten, nine and eleven, eight and nine, ten
and eleven, seven and ten, twelve and twelve, cight and eight, eight and
ten, while the half which is figured ( plate 11) has eleven rays.
Locality and formation. These specimens were obtained at Point Lévy,
opposite to Quebec, in a band of bituminous shale separating beds of grey
limestone. These strata belong to the Lower Silurian series, and are of that
part of the Hudson-river group which is sometimes designated as Haton’s
sparry limestone, being near the summit of the group : they form also the
rocks of Quebec.
GRAPTOLITHUS ABNOEMIS.
This species, of which only imperfect specimens have been seen, presents
four principal branches diverging from the centre, two from each extremity
of the vinculum, and each one of these bifurcating and branching unequal-
ly and at unequal distances from the centre.
52 | ASSEMBLY
The forms above described do not by any means exhaust the va-
riety presented in this collection. With a single exception, however,
all the specimens which offer any new light in regard to the habit
of the Graptolites indicate that the mode of growth was in the
manner described, in branches radiating from a centre, or in tufts
joining in a central connecting substance.
The specimens from the Canadian locality afford further evidence
in confirmation of what we have elsewhere observed, that, with few
exceptions, the species have a limited geographical range. This
locality has already, after very cursory examination, afforded eight
new species of Graptolites, with one or two species which appear to
be identical with those previously found in the State of New-York.
A comparison of specimens from more southern localities, with those
of New-York, shows a large proportion of new species; and it now
appears probable that the number of American species of Graptolithus
previously known (about twenty), will soon be increased by an
equal number of new ones.
Locality and formation. Point Lévy : Hudson-river group.
In addition to the species above noticed, the following are pu-
blished in the same Report for 1857 :
Graptolithus flexilis, Graptolithus tndentus,
G. rigidus, | - G. nitidus,
G. octobrachiatus, G. bifidus,
G. octonarius, G. patulus,
G. quadribrachiatus, G. extensus,
G. cructfer, G. denticulatus,
G. bryonotdes, G. pristiniformts,
G. headi, Gr ensiformis, and
G. alatus, G. tentaculatus.
G fruticosus,
Besides these species of Grapro.iruus, there are some other forms
separated by the writer under the name Puyiiocraptus, as follows :
Genus PHYLLOGRAPTUS.
FROND consisting of simple foliate expansions, celluliferous or serrated
upon the two opposite sides : margins with a mucronate extension from
each cellule; or of similar foliate forms united rectangularly by their
longitudinal axes, and furnished on their outer margins with similar
cellules or serratures, the whole supported on a slender radicle.
No. 186.] 53
These bodies, which usually appear upon the stone in the form of simple
leaf-like expansions, may possibly have been attached in groups to some
other support; but the form of some of them, and the character of the
projecting radicle at the base, indicates that we have the entire frond.
These forms furnish perhaps the best illustration of all the Graptolitidce,
of the lesser development of the cells at the base, and their gradual ex-
pansion above until they reach the middle or upper part of the frond. Many
of them diminish from the centre upwards ; and rarely the cells are more
developed above the centre, reversing the usual form, and leaving the
narrower part at the base.
The species of this genus approach in general form to G. ovatus of
BaARRANDE and G. folium of Hisincrr. They present, however, some
differences of character ; varying from broad-oval with the extremities
nearly equal, to elongate-oval or ovate, the apex usually the narrower, but
in a few instances the base is narrower than the apex. These forms are
sometimes extremely numerous in the shales, and present on a cursory
examination a general similarity to the leaves of large species of Neuro-
pteris in the shales of the Coal measures. .
Instead of the narrow filiform midrib represented in the figures and de-
scriptions of the authors mentioned, these specimens present a broad linear
midrib continued from the apex to the base, and extended beyond the base
in a slender filiform radicle, usually of no great extent, but in some in-
stances nearly half an inch in length. The midrib is rarely smooth, varying
in width, with its margins not often strictly defined. In examining a great
number of individuals of one species, I have discovered that this midrib
is serrated; and though for the most part the serratures are obscure, they
nevertheless present all the characteristics which they exhibit in graptolites
of other forms, in which the branches have been compressed vertically to
the direction of the serratures.
In this view, the lateral leaflike portions appear to be appendages to the
central serrated portion; but these are nevertheless denticulate on their
margins, and the intermediate spaces are well defined, as if admitting of no
communication by serratures or cellular openings with the centre.
In another species the central axis or midrib is strong and broad, often
prominent and distinctly serrate; the edges of the interspaces being all
broken off, as if the extremities had been left in the slate cleaved from the
surface : at the same time, the lateral portions are so well preserved as to
show distinct cellules upon each side. We have therefore three ranges of
cells visible, the central axis projecting at right angles to the two lateral
parts. This remarkable feature leads to the inference that this graptolite
was composed of four semielliptical parts joined at their straight sides,
and projecting rectangularly to each other; presenting on each of the four
margins a series of serratures, which, penetrating towards the centre, were
all united in a common canal, and all sustained upon a simple radicle.
54 | ASSEMBLY
PHYLLOGRAPTUS TYPUS in two extreme forms.
af
Under this genus are described :
Phyllograptus typus, P. tlictfolius, P. angustifolius, and P. similis.
While these discoveries have been made in Canada, giving us for
the first time a correct knowledge of the mode of growth and the
varying forms of these bodies, I have not neglected opportunities of
increasing our knowledge of these fossils from localities within my
reach. The locality of graptolites near Albany has heretofore fur-
nished several species, which, now that we know better their original
forms, offer additional information, and become of greater interest
both in their zoological and geological relations.
At this locality, some specimens have been obtained which show
apparently the mode of reproduction in this family of animals, which
is more similar to the hydroid polyps than to the Bryozoa*.
The specimens in which this feature has been observed, first show
a slight swelling or vesicle proceeding from the axils of the serra-
tures : this vesicle, which in the beginning is barely perceptible
beyond the outlines of the margin, swells and becomes elongated,
the extremity finally much inflated, and the base of the footstalk
extended and attenuate. As this process of development goes on,
the sac or inflated portion curves downwards, and finally becomes
ruptured or dehiscent on the lower side near the extremity. At this
period, and sometimes previously, the sac, which appears to be an
extremely thin membrane and almost without substance, shows one
or two elongated fibres, like the central midrib or the marginal
longitudinal fibre of the graptolites. At a more advanced stage the
* This notice was read at the meeting of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science at Baltimore in 1858, accompanied also by references to the Canadian
graptolites.
No. 186.] 55
substance of the sac gradually disappears, apparently by decomposi-
tion, leaving the slender fibre still attached for some time to the
axil of the serrature. /
These buds or vesicles do not appear at every serrature, but only
on every third or fourth, and are apparently opposite each other on
the two sides of the rachis, but in reality alternating as do the ser-
ratures. Associated with these specimens, and apparently resulting
from these vesicles, are numerous young graptolites. But although
these young or embryonic forms of graptolites occur in such great
numbers, it cannot yet be said that any specimens have been seen
within the sac, or attached to the parent stipe*.
The following figures will render more clear the preceding ob-
servations, and illustrate in some degree the forms described.
Fig.1. A fragment of the stipe, showing the earlier development of these buds or
vesicles.
Fig. 2. A fragment where these buds are farther developed, and the upper ones less
expanded than those below.
Fig. 3. A longer stipe preserving numerous expanded vesicles in a farther developed
condition; the most of them being broken, and some of them partially de-
composed or absorbed, while they preserve very distinctly the delicate hair-
like fibre before mentioned.
* The first discovery of a specimen of this character is due to Mr. WuiTFIELD, some ~
three years since; and subsequently I have been indebted to Mr. J. B. Exuts, and to
Mr. G. W. Taytor, for other specimens of the same, as well as for other forms; while
T owe to Mr. Henry Canriezp the possession of the very fine specimen of G. gracilis
figured on page 58. The discovery of the young graptolites has been of later date, and
they have recently been observed in large numbers.
56 [ AssEMBLY
4a
Fig.4 a, 6. A germ or young graptolite, showing the rootlets below and a short axial
fibre extending above. This is a broad form, apparently of the doubly serrated
kind, or diplograpsus, and appears to be developed to the first serratures.
The figures are respectively of the natural size and enlarged.
Fig. 5. A minute specimen of a less symmetrical and apparently less fully developed
form.
Fig.6. Another individual which is farther developed than either of the preceding :
the line marks the natural size.
There are several other varieties of form, which, inferring from the central
midrib, are of those serrated on the two sides of the stipe, as are all those yet
discovered with the vesicles attached.
oe
Fi
=
og
.7 is apparently the young of one of the singly serrated forms, from the radical
fibre extending along one side and beyond the body, while minute fibres (or
rootlets? ) extend downwards.
All these young forms preserve the axial fibre extended beyond the sub-
stance of the stipe, and there are usually two or three slender fibres extended
below in the direction of the radix.
The condition of these bodies, and their association with those
bearing the sacs, is so constant, that I have inferred their connexion,
and that these are in fact the embryonic sacs.
The collection of specimens is quite numerous; but I am still
making additions, with the hope that, at no distant period, we may
know something more satisfactory relative to this newly observed
and peculiar development.
The following new species of Graptolites appear to be worthy of
notice in this place.
GRAPTOLITHUS MULTIFASCIATUS.
Bopy consisting of numerous bifurcating branches, which are arranged
bilaterally on either side of a short strong central bar. The branches
bifurcate irregularly, and the subdivisions on one side amount to twenty-
one, and on the other to twenty-two, while the specimen is far from being
entire. The branches are serrated on one side : serratures somewhat
closely arranged.
The specimen shows the lower or non-serrated surface, and several of the
longer branches are turned sufficiently on one side to show the serrations
in a tolerable degree of perfection.
No. 186.] 57
Fig. 8. The specimen, natural size.
GRAPTOLITHUS MULTIFASCIATUS.
GRAPTOLITHUS DIVERGENS (101. 8.).
Bopy slender, consisting of a straight central stipe or rachis; on each side
of the longitudinal centre of which are given off diverging branches in
pairs, and nearly opposite cach other at the bases : these branches are
of unequal length, the longest being frequently as long as the main stipe
on either side of its centre. Branches slenderly serrate on one side.
Fig. 9 is an individual of this species, one branch of which
appears to bifurcate near its origin.
These species are from the shales of the upper part of the Hudson-river
group.
GRAPTOLITHUS GRACILIS.
The accompanying figure is of a very beautiful specimen of the G.
gracilis, first described in the Paleontology of New-York, Vol. i, p. 274.
The specimens of this species all present the peculiarity of having a
slender sinuous rachis, approaching in form the letter S, from which the
branchlets diverge always on the convex side of the curve, so that ordina-
_narily one half the branchlets proceed in one direction and the other half
in the opposite direction; and although there has been observed no mark
of a radicle or central point, it seems probable that the place from which
| Assembly No. 186.] 8
58 [ ASSEMBLY
the branches turn in opposite directions is the centre or point of origin of
the animal body. It should moreover be observed that the serratures on
the two sets of branches are usually turned in opposite directions, or to-
wards the two extremities of the rachis.
Fig. 10. GRApPTOLITHUS GRACILIS.
c
This one and the preceding species are remarkably slender, and, though
serrated on one side only, present some marked peculiarities when compared
with the singly serrated forms with central discs, and a bilateral arrange-
ment of the branches, as in G. logani, G. flexilis and G. multifasciatus.
Among the undescribed fossils from the shales of the Hudson-river group,
T have lately noticed a species of RASTRITES, a graptolitic genus proposed
by BARRANDE, and which, so far as I am aware, has not before been
observed in this country. The similarity of the latter form with the last
noticed species of GRAPTOLITHUS (G. gracilis), suggests a probable re-
lationship which may unite the two, or authorise the separation of G.
gracilis, G. divergens, and some others, as a generic type distinct from
those with central discs and uniserrate stipes.
No. 186.] 59
TRILOBITES
OF THE
SHALES OF THE HUDSON-RIVER GROUP.
——=
Tue Trilobites most common in the shales of the Hudson-river group
are Triarthrus beckii and Calymene senaria = C. blumenbachii? I
have likewise described two species of Olenus in the first volume of
the Paleontology of New-York ; but these are rare in most locali-
ties of the rocks of this period.
Some years since, during the progress of the Geological Survey of
Vermont by Rev. Z. THomrson, some specimens of Trilobites were
obtained from the shales of this age in the town of Georgia; and
these were subsequently placed in my hands. The Survey having
since passed under the direction of Professor Hrrcucocx, I postponed
the publication of the descriptions, fearing it might not be agreeable
to him; but having now not only his approval, but his express desire
that I would publish them, I give below the following species, pre-
liminary to a more complete description and illustration.
OLENUS THOMPSONI (N.S.).
GENERAL form ovate, the length and breadth being nearly as six to five.
Head broad lunate, with the postero-lateral angles much extended ; the
width from the centre to the outer margin of the eye almost equal to the
width of the cheek. Eyes (which are much crushed in the specimen)
elongate semioval, equal in length to the space between the anterior an-
gles and the frontal margin : glabella distinctly lobed, narrower in front.
THORAX with the lateral lobes about once and a half as wide as the middle
lobe, consisting of fourteen articulations, the third one of which is much
longer than the others, and curving downwards with an extension reaching
as far as the line of articulation of the seventh rib. The posterior articula-
tions are bent abruptly backwards, so that the free extremities are parallel
with the axis. Pygidium small, pointed, without visible rings, and having
a narrow ridge running down the centre.
The description is chiefly drawn from an impression in slate, and a cast
made from the same, together with some fragments of the same species.
Geological position. In the shales in the upper part of the Hudson-river
group.
oe aaa
60 [AssEMBLY |
Fig. 1. OLENUS THOMPSONI.
OLENUS VERMONTANA (12.S.).
GENERAL form elongate : the posterior extremity
obtuse. Head semioval, twice as wide as long,
the posterior angles produced in short acute spines.
Eyes narrow elongate; the space from the centre
of the head to the outer margin of the eye much
greater than the cheek, and the distance from the
anterior angle of the eye to the frontal margin
j less than the length of the eye. Glabella lobed :
Fig. 2. OLenus vermonrana. hypostoma broad oval.
THORAX imperfect, preserving six articulations and part of the seventh ;
the middle lobe wider than the lateral ones. The third articulation is
much broader towards and at its lateral margin, and is prolonged ob-
liquely downwards in a sharp spine, which reaches below the seventh
articulation : the lateral extremities of the other articulations produced
in short acute spines.
No. 186.] 61
Another fragment, which is apparently cf the same species, preserves
eleven articulations of the thorax and the pygidium. The upper articulations
are imperfect at their extremities ; the last one is bent abruptly downwards,
and terminates in a long spine on each side reaching below the pygidium.
Pygidium semioval; the axis marked by four annulations, the two upper
of which are faintly indicated in the lateral lobes.
This species differs from the preceding in its proportionally narrower
form, the relative proportions of the parts of the head, and the short acute
posterior spines. The comparative width of the middle and lateral lobes of
the thorax is a very distinguishing feature.
Geological position. In the shales of the upper part of the Hudson-river
group.
PetTura (OLENUS) HOLopyGa (0.8.).
EntTIRe£ form elongate subelliptical, having a length of about twice and a
half the width. Head somewhat semielliptical ; the posterior angles pro-
duced in long spines. Glabella strongly lobed, its length a little greater
than its greatest breadth; the entire breadth of the head, when entire,
being about twice as great as the length. Hypostoma wider than long.
THORAX with eleven articulations ; the middle lobe prominent, and about
twice as wide as the lateral lobes; the articulations strong, rounded
above, and each one marked in the centre by a node (or the base of a
spine which has been broken off in the specimens examined ). Articula-
tions of the lateral lobes short (the extremities of the upper ones broken
off in the specimen) ; the lower ones bending abruptly downwards, and
terminating in spiniform processes, the last pair being prolonged much
beyond the extremity of the pygidium.
Pyaipioum longitudinally semielliptical ; the middle lobe marked by three
annulations, and a fourth obscure one above the terminal lobe : lateral
lobes flat and plain, the exterior margin apparently free from ornament
or inequality.
The specimen from which the description and figure have been made is
imperfect, in the absence of the cheeks with the posterior spines and, frontal
limb. These parts, with the hypostoma attached, lie upon the stone a little
in advance and turned to one side of the head of the specimen, and have
been drawn in their proper relations, but not attached to the head. That
this portion of a tiilobite belongs to the one figured, can scarcely admit of
doubt; but in the absence of an entire head, which would warrant the
restoration, | have given the figure as it occurs on the stone, with merely
a change of the relation of the two parts. It is not proved, from this spe-
cimen, that the third articulation from the head may not have extended
beyond the others, as shown in the two preceding species.
This species appears to belong to the Genus PELTURA, taking the figures
of Olenus (Peltura) scarabeoides as the type of the genus*. Our specimen
* This species, the Entomostracites scarabeoides of WAHLENBERG, 1821 (scarabe-
orum vel aliorum vaginipennium animale vestizia : Brouru in Act. Litt. Upsal. 1729),
62 [ AssEMBLY
differs from that one in the absence of the obscure crenulations or inequali-
ties upon the limb of the pygidium, which is regarded by PicTErT as im-
portant. The number of segments of the thorax, if a constant character,
seems much more important, and furnishes a more marked feature for the
separation from OLENUS.
Geological position. In the shales of the Hudson-river group.
Nore. In addition to the evidence heretofore possessed regarding the position of the
shales containing the Trilobites, I have the testimony of Sir W.E. Logan that the
shales of this locality are in the upper part of the Hudson-river group, or forming a
part of a series of strata which he is inclined to rank as a distinct group above the
Hudson-river proper. It would be quite superfluous for me to add one word in support
of the opinion of the most able stratigraphical geologist of the American continent.
Ftg.3. PELTURA HOLOPYGA.
has apparently been refigured from the same specimen, or from the same figure through-
out, by subsequent authors; and the original appears to have been deprived of the
checks, the frontal limb, and the posterior cephalic spines. The eye-tubercle, or the
palpebral lobe, having collapsed as in our specimen, gives but a partial representation
of the entire animal.
No. 186. ] 63
CATALOGU E
OF THE
SPECIES OF FOSSILS,
DESCRIBED IN VOLUMES I., II. AND III. OF THE PALHONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK 3
With the Corrections in Nomenclature, as far as determined to the present time.
Ar the time of the publication of the first volume of the Palezonto-
logy of New-York, many of the species were referred to genera
already described, in preference to proposing new genera, even where
the identification was not entirely satisfactory : first, in deference
mainly to European authors, from whom we had derived our know-
ledge of the paleozoic fossils of parallel or equivalent strata; and,
secondly, because the materials available were not always in a con-
dition to furnish satisfactory evidence, from the interior of the shell,
of the relations of the fossils under examination. With few excep-
tions beyond the Brachiopoda, all the determinations of species were
made from external characters; and I was even compelled, in a few
instances, to describe new genera, with only a knowledge of the
exterior of the shells. The collections at my disposal were very
inadequate to the production of a satisfactory work; and it was only
from the necessity arising from my position, that the volume was
published before more complete investigations had been made.
At that time no general studies of the Brachiopoda had been
made, or, if made, had not been published; and generic names had
been adopted by authors without scrutinizing the relations of the
fossils grouped under them. The terebratuloid forms had been proved
not to be true Terebratule, and the generic name trypa of Datman
had been adopted, but without restriction; so that it finally came to
include a heterogeneous assemblage of species similar to that before,
and to some extent still, designated as Terebratula.
Although American authors favored the adoption of RaFinesque’s
genus Strophomena, European authors were not inclined to the same
opinion; and Datman’s genus Leptena was at that time regarded by
several eminent European paleontologists as more clearly defined,
and better applicable to a large number of forms, than the un-
64 | AssEMBLY
certain and partially defined genus of Rarinesque. With such au-
thority before me, I adopted the generic name Leptena, and it has
not been until a later period that the researches of Mr. Davipson
have fully established, in Europe, the genus Strophomena.
The difficulties attending the proper distribution of the Brachio-
poda were scarcely less at the time of the publication of the second
volume; and I there intentionally avoided proposing new genera,
waiting for the appearance of Mr. Davipson’s work “ On the Clas-
sification of the Brachiopoda.” This important treatise, which, in its
several editions in different languages, has thrown so much light
upon the intimate structure, organization, and habits of this class of
fossils, has given a new impulse to their study, and has rendered
them of far greater geological value than ever heretofore.
Notwithstanding however the great extension of genera proposed
by Mr. Davipson and by other English and Continental naturalists,
the field appeared to me far from being fully explored; and after
proposing several genera in addition to those already described, I
have still material for others, though not yet satisfactorily deter-
mined.
In correcting the list of Brachiopoda, I have referred the species
as far as possible to established genera, and have endeavored to
indicate all cases of doubt by the simple ? or by some. remark.
I had hoped to be able to devote more time to the preparation of
this Catalogue; but to give it in all respects as I could wish, re-
quires a re-examination of a large number of the species, and such
a revision of the arrangement as would present the whole in a more
connected form. This work I propose to complete as early as pos-
sible; offering in the mean time the following imperfectly corrected
catalogue, which may be of use to the students in American Pa-
leontology.
No. 186.] 65
FOSSILS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. I, page \
PMOMINSPIS 02 Lien So ple 240
Acidaspis spiniger ___..... 241
<e trentonensis -._. 241
Actinocrinus tenuiradiatus . 18
fe (andes) vay thew 1S
Agnostus lobatus ___..._.- 258
Ewlecto” tnilata!!) . 90) 2 2052 rindi
AMIBONMCHIA YS 400 ou seetieie od 163
ee bellastriata ..._. 263
oe Carinae. = 27 204:
ss Oltwsaie Wee 166
a orpicwlaris. . 42) 164
Ye Fadiatas Po sihe "0h 292
e waaay SOs OY 165
« ( indet:) ix, axi92 167
Asaphus extans 2.222.222. 228
a latimarginata.._. 258
a mareimalis) 782 24
f nodostriatus _... 245
Ch ObiUSUS: Ao lel Ot
wAsterias matutina, 2... .=- on
cs @indets) ane 4 aa. 18
Atrypa acutirostra ....-.-- 21
“ ET Seca a ea 23
e UMUC as ase ge 143
s6 bistileata sce ruag: ops 9
oe CIRCUS ee ees 142
. cuspidata, 20 25 _ 138
Sf Metlectar ra ky Me Ge 140
e dentatan’ 7 osc. § 148
[Assembly No. 186.] 9
CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, ete.
Paleocystites tenuiradiatus,
BiLuines, Canadian Fossils, Decade
iii, p. 69.
Probably a plate of a cystidean.
Palearca? amygdalina.
This species is not a true Ambonychia,
belonging rather to Palwarca, or to
Megambonia.
Palearea obtusa.
The interior yet undetermined : perhaps’
referable to another genus.
The specimen is not an Ambonychia, and
remains undetermined.
Paleaster matutina.
Rhynchonella acutirostra.
Rhynchonella altilis.
Triplesia? ambigua.
Genus?
Perhaps the young of Pentamerus hemi-
plicatus. ,
Triplesia cuspidata.
Genus?
Rhynchonella dentata.
66
OritcGInaAL NAMES.
Vol. I, page
AUhEVipay Gulolay = 2 ci eee 21
rifle fie OU 2210 Fey IMMUN Aa aay ly 141
ie OX AMIS or aaa es7
oe hemiplicata .____. _ jaa
fe increbescens__ 146 — 289
te MOMeS ta ano iaE Ca 144
ee MUCICIS NaN hs 138
ob plenaee see (aoe saat 21
of plictrera yey Ne. 21
ee Fecurvirostra 2 0... 140
ch Sordida elo. 00 yo 148
S subtrigonalis _____. 145
Auljopora arachnoidea ___-- 76
Avicula demissa__..._.__- 292
) ) udesquanaata a) oa 292
ce Gloria id 162
He IMSUCLA LVN pol
ss trentonensis______- 161
Bellerophon bilobatus, 184 — 307
¢ var. acutus.____- 185
a var. corrugatus _. 185
te cancellatus.___.. 307
IBUCANTAMAToliGwi ol okinion 1) 39
_ [AssEMBLY
CHancrep NamEs, REMARKS, etc.
Rhynchonella dubia.
Genus ?
Triplesia extans.
Pentamerus hemiplicatus.
Rhynchonella increbescens.
Genus? Related to Lepfocelia ?
Triplesia nucleus.
Rhynchonella plena.
Rhynchonella plicifera.
Rhynchonella? recurvirostra.
This species is perhaps generically iden-
tical with A. modesta.
Rhynchonella sordida.
Rhynchonella subtrigonalis.
The specimen has not- been satisfactorily
determined to the present time. It is
not Avicula.
Genus ?
Genus?
The genus Bucania is regarded by most
authors as not distinct from Bellerophon ; while these forms are made by
DOrzBieny typical of the genus Bellerophon, and those like B. bilobatus
are very erroneously placed by him under the genus Cyrfolites. Although
there may be no sufficient reason for separating some forms of Bellerophon
with exposed spires, I have for the present allowed these species to remain
as originally described.
Bucania bidorsata_______-- 186
i ENO AM SE ea MeN ale 186
6c NOON AS): 2) Ue Oa ES 317
oo PUUCHILonS —3) 2567 187
Bs THON SLOUGUOLEN ESHA Yeas ca aie hy 33
us SUN Carine suo oy. eee aun
BUTHOMREPETS 2225 22)0) 8
Buthotrephis antiquata .... 8
a MeEXMOSA ep. Be 263
cn sracihisy .. 2 Wo 62
a Subnodosa 22025 262
ft succulens. 220007 62
Calymene beckii._-- - - 237, 250
Triarthrus beckii.
No. 186. ] 67
OrigiInaL NAMES. CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Vol.I, page
Calymene muilticosta, 2 oe 228 The generic relations not fully determined
es Senariat wee ita. 238
WAMEROCERAS) 2420022 /322. PR
Cameroceras trentonense _.. 221
Capulus aunifornmis? aie ol This specimen is not a Capulus ; and al-
though admitted among the Chazy collections on the authority of the collec-
tor, it may be doubtful whether it does not come from a higher rock, and is
more nearly related to Platyostoma.
Cardiomorpha vetusta 157 The generic relations are not satisfactorily
Shaan”, determined.
WOMEMWAROPSIS {2 oe ar Se 183 Notwithstanding the objections made to
the admission of this genus, I am not prepared to place the species under
any other designation at the present time.
Carinaropsis carinatus -_--- 183
sf orbiculatus .___- 306
& patelliformis, 183, 306
Ceraurus* pleurexanthemus, 242 ond
‘sf pustullosus =... 2 241 MHarpes pustulosus.
“6 WA OUTATIS) Latoaed ua 245 Cybele+ vigilans.
Chetetes columnaris .__._- 68 Tetradium columnaris.
e lycoperdon_...4 223. 48 Stenopora?
‘ HUSOSUS, oer t- 67, 18
@EETDOPHORUS, 22 2. - -- 300
* T retain the name Ceraurus of Gruen (1832), though fully aware of the arguments
of Barranpe and others in favor of adopting Cheirurus of BryricH (1845). In
GREEN’s monograph, a figure of this trilobite, though imperfect, was given; and a cast
of the same was distributed widely both in Europe and America, and the genus became
well known to palaontologists and amateurs among us. The view of M. Barranpx that
the genus was not clearly described, and therefore untenable before a later name, is an
argument that could be applied with equal force to some of the genera proposed by
European naturalists; for of the Trilobites, the genera Homalonotus and Trinucleus
are, among others, examples of this kind, which names have nevertheless been adopted
by American paleontologists without objection. The adoption of the generic name
Strophomena is another case in point, for the original description is not remarkable for
clearness.
It may perhaps be true that the limits of this genus of GREEN were not well under-
stood in America; but the fact that I erroneously referred a species of another genus
to Ceraurus is to be charged to me alone, and not to the obscurity of the description;
for I had the original of GreEzn and other well-marked speeimens before me at the
time, but referred the species to this genus in preference to proposing a new name, as
it did not seem referable to any genus, the description of which was accessible to me.
In persisting in the use of this name, I believe I am sustained by common custom
among naturalists in all countries; and I am convinced that the name Ceraurus will
be restored, as have the names Homalonotus, Trinucleus, Acidaspis, and others, not-
withstanding the later proposed and more clearly defined generic names of subsequent
authors. P
+ Ladopt the genus Cybele in deference to the opinion of Mr. Sanrer; not having
myself examined the claim of priority of the authors of Cybele and Encrinurus, which
are synonymous.
68 [ AsseMBLY
OrnIGINAL NAMES. “aan eae CHANGED Namus, REMARKS, etc.
Cleidophorus planulatus .._ 300
Columnaria alveolata.____- AT
Conularia gracilis _.._.__- 224
etek Sranilatan emis). 223
eG papillata jenee oud 223
i trentonensis __-- - 222
Cyrtoceras annulatum ____- 194
G arevatim 222... 196
is camurum! 2522). 196
i constrictostriatum, 195
tf lamellosum __.-- 193
ih macrostomum _.. 194
bh multicameratum - 195
Cyrtolites compressus ._.-- 188
cs Hlosumals iu. 2201s. 189
‘ ornatus oe VU uoe 308
“¢ tentomensis 189° Shell aightiyanasmamatiag daa
Cytherina (indet.) i202 2" 44 Leperditia. )
Delthyris biforatus, var. lynx, 133 Orthis biforatus, var. lynx.
IDIscopHyeLunM 2) kee 7 7 This is probably a graptolitic genus, or a
true graptolite; preserving the thin disc, as shown in the Canadian graptolites,
while the apparent dissepiments are the rays or branches of the graptolite.
DiscophyNum peltatum.___ 277
EcHINO-ENCRINITES .__..-.- 87
Echino-encrinites ? anatiformis, 89
Edmondia? subangulata._.. 156 Palearca subangulata.
6¢ ; Palearca subtruncata, fig.3 abc, p. 35.
subtruncata -_... 156 Palearca —— ? Pl. 34, £2/93 ;
et ventricosa _.___- 155 ~=Palearca ventricosa.
ONDOGERAS 2 cs ce eee 58 I leave the species under this genus as
originally described for the present, though the subject requires revision. I
am, however, by no means prepared to admit that the presence of the small
orthoceras within the siphon of the larger one is accidental. Were it acci-
dental, it seems most remarkable that some one of the numerous specimens
should not have drifted into the cavity in the direction opposite that in which
they always occur.
Endoceras angusticameratum, 218
vi annulatum _____- 207
& approximatum _. 219
ie arctiventrum __.. 217
6 distams! 221.124) 17.220
ef duplicatum ____. 219
‘ gemilliparum ... 60
af longissimum __.. 59
a magniventrum .. 218
° var. a., 218
No. 186. } 69
ORIGINAL NAMES.
CHANGED Names, REMARKS, etc.
Vol. I, page
Endoceras multitubulatum, 59
i proteiforme, 208, 213, 216, 311.
ce gor. elongatum ___. 216
var. lineolatum ____ 211
es var. Strangulatum .. 212
cf var. tenuistriatum .. 209
gs var. tenuitextum... 210
- subcentrale __.- - 59
INSGHAROPORA 2 (0000222004. 72
Escharopora recta _....--- 72
$ ger. nodosa [0° 73
Euomphalus uniangulatus.. 9
IRAVASTELLA 2) 03 NE sear PATS
Favistella stellata, .._.....- 275
GEMPTOCRINUS: 20 os le 281
Glyptocrinus decadactylus . 381
GonrocrRas GY HU ely aoe oo 04
Gonioceras anceps ._..-.-. 54
Gordia ‘marina? =. 26.0. 2. 2. 264 The trail formed by some animal (shell or
worm), moving along the bottom. See remarks, page 264, vol. i, Palzonto-
logy of New-York; also Report of Dr. A. Fircu on the Geology of Wa-
shington county, published in the Report of the New-York State Agricul-
tural Society, vol. ix, p. 866.
Gorgonia? aspera -_-.----. 16
2 perantiqua.. - --_- a 1G
Graptolithus amplexicaule . 79
ee bicornisnise: 2225269
ee fureatus:.. .o22u. 273
a GNACUIGs eee 274
ee leewasialinae sho. 274
Ke mucronatus .__.- 268
x ESS Corea 265
e TAMOSUS) 5 a 2 270
cs sagittarius _____- 272
Re Scalarigns. Sey 274
< Secalimus 22224" 267
Re Serrablilusy:) ae see 274.
be Se@xebamsvars myehar tomes 273
sf STONES) Sn Ne eds
ET EROCRINUS 2.02 Oo a ya! 218
Heterocrinus gracilis _____~ 280
ee heterodactylus__. 274
i Sinaolexs Wee uw 280
Fenestella. aspera.
Retepora:? perantiqua.
70
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. I, page
IFO WOR BAC oR Le Ons ee 169
HMolopea’ obliqua 2... 22222: 170
a paludiniformis -_- 170
+ symmetrica ___.- 170
ec ventricosa _____- 171
Itizenusyareiunus) eee le
a crassicauda ._._ 24, 229
af latidorsataresae a. 230
o trentonensis.__.__- 230
¢ ( Thaleops) ovatus ... 259
Intricaria? reticulata .____- 77
Isotelus: canals “227222 5022 25,
ff gigas ._.. 25, 231 — 254
Lepteena alternata .-. 102 — 286
ae alternistriata _.._. 109
a cameratay 22h hme 106
se detlectan 22 seein, 113
ee deltoidea ______- 106
6 faseiabay ees reek 20
- filitextanseg ul 111
ec HIMERASS Ata peyote ig)
és planoconvexa.... 114
mS planumbona -_.. 112
6 ICME Ayn eee 19
e EXC) Be Hi ean 2, a 113
% sericea __.. 110-287
a Sulbtemiajae eee 1)
oe tenuilineata .__. 115
a tenuistriata .___- 108
Lingula acuminata __.___.- 9
3 SE OHMS pure cia 95
POU ATG] Dz ys ec 3
ue atleMmUatai see ewe 94
“ CLASSE yeas Pl aes 98
cc CUTS Cea RR CNN SIN 97
elomeana sens 97
co ONES ees 98
ts PriuMag es Lot eae 5)
et Guulaciraita yess 96, 285
ef riciniformis 95
Lituites convolvans ______- 53
[AssEMBLY —
CHANGED NAamES, REMARKS, etc.
The generic relations of the specimen not
clearly determined.
Asaphus canalis.
Asaphus canalis.
Strophomena alternata.
alternistriata.
camerata.
deflecta.
deltoidea.
fasciata.
filitexta.
incrassata.
planoconvexa.
planumbona.
plicifera.
recta.
Lepteena sericea.
Strophomena subtenta.
S. tenuilineata.
S. tenuistriata.
ANRRNANNDANM
No. 186.] 71
ORIGINAL NAMES. CHanceD NamEs, REMARKS, etc.
Vol. I, page
/Tifnites undata ....-_. .. 3. 52
HE WRIODESIIAG o> fo cigeniars 2 Lig 302
Lyrodesma plana ._.__.-.- 302 :
- pulchella,.s.. 24). 302 Tellinomya pulchella.
Maclurea magna._____..-- 20
ae OTE AUAR DOR ie, et 10
Re Sondida:,.220 2 28 20
Metoptoma ? dubia ___.._-- 23 Genus undetermined.
Re 2 IQUIOSB) cone oc be 306 Genus undetermined.
Modiola? obtusalie 2202 2... 40 The shell is too obscure to be satisfactori-
ly determined. It is , probably a Palearca or a Modiolopsis.
MOMIOMORSIS2. 0-52... 25202 5 Loa The species originally described under this
genus are not all referable to one generic form, but I have not yet obtained
the means of a satisfactory discrimination in all the examples.
Modiolopsis anodontoides _. 298
oe SLCUMUS S| Ysa log
ct aviculoides <2. 22 161
ee Garinatus. se 160
Conan Menta ot 9907 This species is probably distinct from
Di aie Modiolopsis.
“ fea ae are aus 158, 298
ge Tait Sostio a) ey ele 160 + Palearea lata.
“= MOdMOl TIS... 2 2s 294.
sf nasutus _... 159), 296
a4 2 nuculiformis _._.. 298 This species is probably a Nucula or
Tellinomya.
ce anally. 2) 158
Ks subspatulatus _.. 159 Palearca subspatulata.
a ? trentonensis ___- - 161
a EEMMECALUG 2 296
Murchisonia abbreviata____ 32
of Deanoustaa 2 3.2). 41
& bellacincta_____- 179
ce leuMetal. ee se 177
Kg eracilis. 2-2 Lei 303
rh perangulata __--- Al
“s WG Nola Vidhan 7s)
¢f subspiniformis_.. 180
“ bicarinata 4... 178
ae uniangulata ____- 79
ee var. abbreviata .._. 304
of RVI GOSA) cyst 41
Ke ventricosa .___-. 41°
“ Vilttatan 2h aes 181
72
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol.I, page
INC) ke Me noe MAD
Nucula? donaciformis.__-__- 316
ce levaita cen een ele O)
2 postriatal See 151, 201
Osyaia) vetusta voy sa a 227
Olenus asaphoides .__.._-. 256
undulostriatus ___. 258
ONCOGERAS 22 2 Mite aie nih) 3 196
Oncoceras constrictum .._. 197
OPHTBPAGs 2 Oe ad we gs 11
Ophileta complanata .__-_-- 11
Ce levatad J uid ses Loree 11
Orbieulaycelata soon ols ee 290
CONC RASSARE i Gi. Lee 290
Go AE GSI CON DOME HIFAY Say ok Mea 98)
Cr Huey SUM OYSE2 ic ge MRM NG Be)
es lanreltosa sauna ete 99
eo Gh subirumeata, 22202 20 290
os TeEMaMalisi ena. Mla 100
Ormoceras gracile .__.._.. 58
“ tenuifilum _._ 55, 222
Ur: Vara Gistans, - 242027 58
Orthis equivalvis _-.._--- 120
ee bellarusosay bli 118
ce centrilineata __._-_- 289
us COStAIS ay wos as 20
es dichotoma .___._-- 125
ei cisparihisie 2 (oe 119
So eRe TRACER GM Gediy ip sales cal hls 228
¢é fissicostal oc Awe 121
iImscuipta LLs ek ee 2 125
te occidentalis _.____- 127
[ AssEMBLY
CuHancep NamweEs, REMARKS, etc.
This is probably a species of Holopea.
Tellinomya donaciformis.
Tellinomya levata.
Genus undetermined.
Asaphus vetustus.
Trematis ccelata.
Genus?
Genus?
Crania? filosa.
The relations of this species are with
Crania, if it be not a true Crania.
Discina lamellosa.
Probably related to Crania, from its
analogy with other forms in the higher
rocks.
Trematis terminalis.
This species is probably identical with
Ormoceras backi.
This species, with. O. sinuata and O.
subjugata, may form but a single species; though from the collections in my
hands in 1847, I found what appeared to be satisfactory means of distinguish-
ing them. Since examining the species of the Lower Helderberg limestone, I
have found numerous forms which appear as closely allied as do these, but
which are nevertheless clearly distinguished by their interior markings. I
am not satisfied that the Huropean species, Orthis porcata, is identical
with ours.
a Pectimellae i.) yas 123
Fo VOmaISeMONONaIS ay yu: 124
< DERVClad Hewih yea 120
No. 186.] 73
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. I, page
Octhisnplicatella 22.2222 122
i; STUDIUIST 2 hw peony Oana i 128
ff sulbeequatiante son j520 118
. Sumer ee he 2 a LOD)
Mg subquadrata .____- 126
= testudinaria __. 24. - Le
trieenatia.._ 2 425.2) LOM
Orthoceras amplicameratum, 205
- aMelamiyss Vee 202
ue arcuoliratum ___. 198
- bilineatum® =. _ 199
a OLR NT ee 300
ae clathratum.____- 201
“: fusiiorme!. 242. 60
a UM CEM we a 204
et laqueatum: 2.2. 13
- latiannulatum _._ 204
“ moniliforme “2.2. %. 35
< multicameratum . 44
ee pumusenium 227 1S
se rectiannulatum __ 34
cc recticameratum_. 40d
oe Sinisa niiua 7s - 28 405
Be subarcuatum -__. 34
es fenuiseptum _2-_ 35
“ teretiforme_____- 198
ce HOC Fe EB oy 199
oc undulostriatum _. 202
oe vertebrale _____- 201
Orthonota, contracta,.o. 2.5. 300
paraltela, \o 2386 2 PS)
aes pouoladis 5052 2.25 299
Pee ORTIVICUS S228 2a 2 7
Paleophycus irregularis --. 8
+ TUSOSUS ey 22 Se Gs
ee Simaplexd) 22/52 eas 63
ue tubularis’ wii ae 7
iS VACA tS Vy lei 205
ie Gindef.). 2s 28
Phacops callicephalus ____- QA7
licephala.
CHancep NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Gomphoceras? fusiforme.
In the present distribution of the Trilo-
bites, this species will fall under the genus Dalmania = Dalmania cal-
[ Assembly No. 186. ] » 10
14. | AssEMBLY
OrIGINAL NAMES. CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Vol. I, page
Phacops? lanicavd s/n 248 This name may be stricken from the list.
The specimen, in dark limestone, was undoubtedly originally sent from
Schoharie to Lewis county, and finally becoming mingled with the Trenton
limestone fossils of the latter locality, was labelled as from the Trenton
limestone. It is the pygidium of Dalmania micrurus or D. pleuroptyz.
See Paleontology of New-York, Vol. iii, p. 356.
IMERYEEO RSIS wean eee ne Ved
Phytopsis tubulosum _____- 38
a cellulosum_____- 39 |
Pat AT VINOTEUIS ie omen ie 2 235 Liternss.
Platynotus trentonensis __.. 235 Lichas trentonensis.
Pleurotomaria ambigua _..- 176
o emblG Waibay 2 Le ol
o fovetaes alla ies eee 31
pea al gabon aS Ee 305 Cyclonema bilix.
ee PGE TM bares oh Ate se 176
es lenticularis, 22222 72
oe Peo cUOSa) tale we 44
sf emcee o late ewan naw 42
rf PSoWsOletal an kee a 44
“ perearinata ..... 17%. 7 Maehetle ei oi
. list.
S quadricarinata .. 43 :
a onMloldesas sa. Ws
ae subconica.. 174 -— 304
st Subtilistriata ao 172
eS TOU ESIGN SUAS Ue
oe umbilicata_. 43-175
66 Ginter) eae anes 31
Rorites vetusta ce 30s ae 71 Heliolites vetusta.
Poteriocrinus alternatus ___ 83 q
ee SMACUUIST Mies ees 84
Berio 28 Te ec eee
determined.
Raphistoma planistria --_-. - 30
GS VON Alva ss Sela 30
Mo Stamimeas a2 5 222 De)
cS Sb be ee alae pies 28
Receptaculites neptunii.... 68
Retepora ? follaceaien Ske S This name may horeraed from the list of
Re eae CNIS a es Ah 15 Fenestella gracilis.
i LUC CIN aie een 15 Fenestella incepta.
Scalites amculavus | a0 foes at
No. 186.] 15
OriginaAL NAmuES. CHANGED NAMeEs, REMARKS, ete.
Vol. I, page
REMIZOGRINUS 220. L 1 81
Schizocrinus nodosus _____. 81
es Sirla isa ceo FG
ih ( HNC oe nee es 86
NEMPHOORUNUS Go 20 040.0828 85 Not Scyphocrinus of ZENKER.
Seyphocrinus heterocostalis. 85
meommaruse (00 i 2
Seolithus linearis ..25 22. _. 2
SPHHNOTEA GUS (Ss 2 eb sk 261
Sphenothallus angustifolius. 261
e LerviMON IS Les). 262
RIMBEDERORA O20. eo as)
Stellipora antheloidea ___-- WS This species is referred by EDwARDs and
Hare to the Genus Constfellaria of Dana ( Zoophytes, 1849). A more
careful examination, and removal of the adhering shaly matter, shows the
entire surface to be poriferous. I have not, however, found good reason for
separating these forms of Chetetes (Stenopora) from others in the same
association; and the Chetetles lycoperdon, in the hemispheric forms, has
not unfrequently its surface, or a part of its surface, marked by stelliform
elevations as in the specimen under consideration.
Srmereron a oye eis 73
Mietopora acuta --:__._... 74
a elegantula _____. 75
ee PeMESbEabas os. oe 8 hO
fe AOMerata sash. -c eG
é labyrinthiea___-- 50
is RAMOS. Oecd 5]
STREPTELASMA ey MM. Mitne-Epwarps & Jutes HAImME
STE Deena ie Te ge have regarded the S. corniculum, S.
Streptelasma corniculum _. 69 erassa, S.multilamellosa and S.parvula
as identical species. The S. parvula may
ae CRASS aye eae eee pe 710 be the young of S. corniculum ; but S.
crassa presents features incompatible with
oe expalisa of 2s. =.= V7) specific identity. The original of S$. mulfi-
se lamellosa is not now accessible to me for
oo multilamellosa _. 70 comparison. The species identified as S.
“c r ee corniculum hy these authors, from western
parv OUI eee ane ii localities, I have regarded as a distinet
form.
pronmmae . 1k 49
SDROMATOCERIUM 22... _.. A8
Stromatocerium rugosum_.. 48
*T am not yet convinced that this genus is synonymous with Ptilodictyia of Lons-
DALE. The typical species of the latter genus, P. anceolata, presents certain differences
of character, which, judging from figures only, may be regarded as of generic impor-
tance. The characters of P. lanceolata, as shown in figures and in a closely allied
species in our strata, correspond more nearly with those species which I have referred
to the genus Phenopora, and which may be identical with Ptilodictyia. All the species
of Phenopora which I have observed are simple, as is the typical form of Ptilodictyia,
while the Stictopore are always ramose.
76 | ASSEMBLY
ORIGINAL NAMES. eh ae CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
SUBUMETESK sai eUN ay ec ueL 182
Subulites elongata .__.____ 182
PED UUNOMVEAT 2 ln rua ine ne ai lloy
Tellinomya anatiniformis _. 154
ee dubrayes wee: 153
“ sib bose; Vuunaue py 153
ef LENS) DU PAH) ba Nal UNIS gale 152
sanguinolaroidea _ 152
: : ea
Tentaculites flexuosa _.. 92 —284 The pedicle of a cystidean, and the name
may therefore be stricken from the list.
Thaleops ( Ilznus) ovatus.. 259 Illenus ovatus.
Mbeca traneularis 4.22 2) 313
Trinucleus concentricus, 249, 255
Trocholites ammonius. 192, 309
ry planorbiformis _. 310
Aino chile lay ysis ae 12 These species require farther examination
66 Obscura Ve ee eee 12 to determine their generic relations.
wee! eyathiformis Serle This species, originally figured on Plate
25 of Vol. I, Paleontology of New-York, was too obscure in its intimate
structure to be referred satisfactorily to any known genus. At a later period
'(1850), I determined it to be generically identical with a species occurring in
the Leadbearing limestone of Wisconsin and Iowa, which was subsequently
figured and described by Dr. D. D.Owmn under the name Selenoides (8.
iowensis) ; being referred by him to the Foraminifera, and related to the
Orbitulina or Orbitoides. Should this genus prove distinet from Recepta-
culites, to which I had referred the western specimens, the species above
will be recorded as Selenoides cyathiformis.
Very recently Mr. Sautrmr has advanced the opinion that the Receptacu-
lites belongs to the Foraminifera, and is related to the Orbitolites, without
apparently having known of this suggestion of Dr. OWEN in regard to an
allied or identical generic form.
* Mr. Saurer has more recently proposed the name Ctenodonta for the species in-
cluded under this genus, on account of the inappropriateness or erroneous signification
of the name Tellinomya; the hinge-line being crenulate, and the species not at all
related to Tellina or Mya. The name was originally given from the external form; and
so soon as I obtained the means to do so, I illustrated the hinge-structure. I retain
the name T'ellinomya, according to the usage of naturalists.
No. 186. | 77
FOSSILS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
OrIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. II, page
Acidaspis ORE rea 299
EOTOTCU TSH aa ee 288
Acroculia angulata ____--- 289
ef TMASATEMSIS a) 4 288
PUPIOEMSULTES 6550 on Sol. f 242
Apiocystites elegans_..._.- 243
Arges phlyctanodes ___-_--- 314
PAEREROPEVICUS) 2.040 25 32 2 4
Arthrophyeus harlani ___-- 5
14 2 LS int 6
PNGMROCERIUM oa. sige es oS 120
Astrocerium constrictum___ 123
ef parasiticum ____- 122
ef RON autOnrmes.)) 2). ay 123
i WETS CUM 5 2.2 2 120
Atay Paw APEIMIS) 2/2) 2.5. 280
mS LOTS eee uments 69
ce bidemtatay tee. oo 276
ss IRE VITOSETIS, Jan 6. 42 278
¢ CEESIEO CHU ees eee A a 273
gf Congestapwa 57. 67
es Gokaiibiena gay (is soe 281
g crassirostray, 5... 2. 269
cf Gumeaiaiys.__ A SUAes 276
a eylindri¢ays ec 6
iS (2 a pt Lous
FS Gis Oa GNIS e we els Di
g emacerdta, (sak val
i equiradiatay ea 42 45 70
SAMI OSA sya le ae io)
eS hemispherica ______ 74
“ imtermedia {222) 1s aH
Imterplicata, oa. - 275
CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, ete.
PLATYCERAS.
Platyceras angulata.
PB: niagarensis.
Lichas phlyctanodes.
Favosites ?
Rhynchospira? aprinis.
Rhynehonella bidens.
Rhynchonella bidentata.
Pentamerus brevirostris.
Probably only a variety of Pentamerus
interplicatus.
Trematospira camura.
Triplesia? congesta.
Genus ?
Merista? crassirostra.
Rhynchonella cuneata.
Merista cylindrica.
Leptocelia disparilis.
Rhynchonella emacerata.
Rhynchospira? equiradiata.
Leptoceelia hemispherica.
Merista intermedia.
Pentamerus interplicatus.
78 | AssEMBLY
OricgInaAL NAMES. Sits eae CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Atrypa lamellata ____._.._ 329 Rhynchonella lamellata.
Navirormis)- 9.422). 76" Merista? * nayvitoruice
. meglectaa. 2 se. 70-274 Rhynchonella neglecta.
Ss MILI Ca rudy nan. 268 Merista nitida.
io nitida, var. oblata_. 269 M. nitida, var. oblata.
nodostriata sa. 29) 272
ef nucleolata _.___... 328 Merista nucleolata.
i Oloenial sy ens Na ee 9 Merista oblata.
es obtusiplicata _.____ 279 Rhynchonella obtusiplicata.
i planoconvexa .--.- 75 Leptocelia planoconvexa.
is folicatameees Mee an 10 Rhynchonella plicata.
policarte liberty ae: PINS) 1s plicatella.
be plicatuila ese aay 74 Allied to Leptocelia.
i quadricostata _____- 65 ‘Triplesia? quadricosta.
ie TRSUMCDUENENS. S ) — )
re ROWUStA: we 71 Rbynchonella robusta.
ef US OS Ae wh a ne home 271
eV NT A ai 78
Avicula emacerata___..83 — 282
& blomgentoipaniis 2 oe oe oa2
cn 2 ORO euilarte ae ayes ee 284
ce phomibpoidea wae 2s ae 84
a SeCUMIOnUaIS lacs ye 333)
“ SM ola, oe SSR}
i SURE Gray sme ike Bal
i UCLA Gey Mens ak 283
Bellerophon auriculatus __. 334
eyuchitaedaba sees 301
a Symimniennieay ae ee 17
Bronteus niagarensis __._.. ol4
Bucania angustata ____-__- 347
(@) Jolileyownocies oo feo 93
es StISMOSal ee 92
trMlolatae eos 13 - 93
ee —————— __ Lille 334
Bumastis barriensis _. 299-302 [llenus barriensis.
Buthotrephis gracilis___ .. 18
* This species, and some others of the Clinton and Niagara groups, differ somewhat
from true Meriste ; and should these differences prove of generic importance, I pro-
pose for them the name Meristella.
No. 186.] 79
ORIGINAL NAMES. saa eee CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Buthotrephis gracilis(?) -.- 20
oe Pon Mul ea CraSSar eae, 7 Le
aS con) var infermedia.. 19
ef imp UCICa we Wey. La! 20
ee balinnaiaye 2 Sees os 20
a PAM OSEAN yee Sk 20
CAPEOCYSTITES 40a 5. 2 el 4 (238
Callocystites jewettii ____-- 239
ct ae Maree 1239
NE MOPOR AGH ls BS oe 144
Wallopora) aspera). 2 2)... 147
“ elegamtula 22 = 2 = 144
ee Monidag ea. 2) oe 146 :
os laminaita. 2) 2. 146
ns nummiformis.._.. 148
Calymene blumenbachii,
var. niagarensis, 307
a varssenaria ©. 42909
eCameratumc<2,-- 32 337
a Reus ONGp ON Sa 298 2
Caninia bilateralis ____ - 41,113 Zaphrentis bilateralis.
DIN APORAY 8). fo A 43
Cannapora junciformis .___ 43
OeRVOORENUSI ise io oe oe 216
Caryocrinus ornatus__. 182, 216
Catenipora escharoides_. 44,127 Halysites escharoides.
& agglomerata ____- Hore lal agglomerata.
CuRAMBOR AMER Ser Sie oS 168
Cerampora foliacea_______- 170
ty iumjonieata: 22... 42 169
“5 MeEuUsStans [4 - 169
Ceraurus insignis ___. 300-306
Chetetes lycoperdon ___-__- 40
(45 66 @ pata Nahin Meebo a
PONIES oy as Wc se 64
Chonetes cornuta __.._...- 64.
CPAMOP OBA. iu Malis eh So 137
Cladopora cespitosa._____- 138
es Gervicornis _ 2 2 L)./ 139
MOROSA Teta Tae
as macrophora __._- 140
50
ORIGINAL NAMES. :
Vol. II, page
Cladopora multipora _____- 140
«¢ reLlcn lata, suey 141
if Sendeibay 22s yaaa 137
CiATHROPORA,. 222 eco Weill)
Clathropora alcicornis ..... 150
Fs frond Osa senses 160
CLOSDEROCRINUS 22)2 4/2 02). Thy)
Closterocrinus elongatus _.. 179
Columnaria inequalis _-_-_-- 223
Conope vanemingee sys tho a 114
Conophyllum niagarense _-- 114
Conulaniawlonga yt sy. 29D
ee Miagarensisi. 222s _ 294
Cornmullites flexmosus_ 22 2 - 95
CORGE BD wee i ys Oe ha 20H
Cybele; punciata sae. als 29071
Cyclolites rotuloides .__--- 42
CVCLONEMARE au Sei Tu 89
Cyclonema cancellata __-_-- 90
«c ESD all cistinee ook 91
CoO) tobsolletar iis nue. 90
ue Sulicartayyy sick oa 347
s ventricosa ._..-- 90
Cyrtoceras? arcticameratum, 349
ee cancellatum.--_. - 290
Cytherina taltae ses sty eu 338
io cylindrica. 2. 14
Sposa eave ae tee O17
Delthyris, see Spirifer.
DEN DROCRINUS 22. ety oe 193
Dendrocrinus longidactylus, 193
Diamespora dichotoma___.- 158
Dictuolites beckii -._.-_-- 6
Demon See Ses a 174
Dictyonema gracilis ____--- 175
nis retiformis. 9/222 174
DiProrEn baru... vale ILS
Diplophyllum czspitosum.. 116
cc (he ae 118
i coralliferum .___ 322
[| ASSEMBLY
CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Leperditia jonesi.
See description, Pal. N.Y. vol. iii, p.372.
Leperditia cylindrica.
Beyrichia ? spinosa.
Probably identical with the genus Diphy-
phyllum.
Diphyphyllum cespitosum.
D. coralliferum.
No. 186. | ‘81
Sanannan NAMES. Rett ase CHancep NAMES, REMARKS, ete.
MSCOSORUS* 2225 2h 02. ae 99
Discoserus conoideus ____-- 98
PIMCALYPTOCRINUS._.. -. oc... - 207
Eucalyptocrinus celatus.._. 210
3 Geconus. 2 207
st hapulosus 2522 25 21%
Favistella favosidea ._____- 41
Hiawosites Tavosa 2... 22... 126
tt niagarensis___. - - 125
f —— (7) __.__- 324
Penestella cribrosa_....... 166
fe elegans. 2 52. 164
ot ponisean@ ee 50
“ tenuliceps ___...- 165
cc eNOS) Fs Ne 51
a ————— ____ Lee 166
EMRE NGM ER. ee oS 187
Glyptaster brachiatus __-__- 187
Glyptoerinus plumosus .___ 180
es ———___..-_-.- 181
GompnHoceras?_......----- 290
EAP TOLITES) Jaepyyade 3.39
Graptolithus clintonensis __ 39
ee VeNOSUS 42.2.4 40 Retiolites venosus.
PIBEIOLITES) 44 ewe. 130
Heliolites elegams/yziz - .. 2 130
ee macrostylus ._.- - 135
Ge PY CLLOEMIS, . 2 2 133
a spinipora ______- 131
EUBWOPORA 52:2. OMS. 8 44
Felopora fragiliss.... =... 44
GE NTGWSETTES fone) 945 Probably identical with the genus A gela-
CcTinus.
Hemicystites parasitica _._. 246 Agelacrinus parasitica.
nTEROCYSETITES 2 22. oo Se 229
Heterocystites armatus __.. 229
Homalonotus delphinocephalus, 104, 299 — 309.
* T am not prepared, at the present time, to accept the view advanced that this fossil
is the siphuncle of an Orthoceras. On some future occasion, I hope to be able more
fully to illustrate its characters.
| Assembly No. 186.] i!
82 [ ASSEMBLY
OriginaL NAMES. CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Vol. II, page
TOMOCRINUS Hy hh a ome 185
Homocrinus cylindricus _.. 187
a DALVUS i view aA 185
HET RNA RIAN Bia a ne ON es
Hornera(?) dichotoma __.. 163
ICHNOPHY CUS: 220M aan en a) 4 26
Ichnophycus tridactylus _-. 26
NCHDHVOCRINUS 92 a2) wae. 195
Ichthyocrinus clintonensis _ 181
ee WES VSH ilies Nk als 195
ICHTHYODORULITE -_________ 104
MOSO (GUNG) UU ONES AAU 176
Inocaulis plumulosa.-___.. - 176
ImCANocRINUS WY 2 oo ae 199
Lecanocrinus caliculus __ ._ 203
macropetalus __.. 199
ee OrMmatus Wes. Baus 201
Re Simplex, “uous 7 202
Leptena bipartita _______- 326 Strophomena bipartita.
- corrugatals. 3402 - 19S: corrugata.
depressa. 262) 2577" & rugosa.
Obscura) si. 62S. obscura.
ef ODSCUTA es La 1037)" S. obscura?
ae orthididea _____. 62) <S. orthididea.
patembar) oie.) 60" S. patenta.
ss PLroLMmd a2 We Ol: profunda.
- yess 61'S. 2
ef Sericea 408) bo): 59
if Starlet Gus os. Giks 259 Strophomena striata.
ee Silbplatay eee 25Ghe Ss. subplana.
a transversalis ___. 256
5 par 3266S. 2
TUTCHAS jephtt nye yay ght Wael Sl
ichas) boltont a2 2) 080020 311
NACHE NAT DA! conc Vaan) ay 171
Lichenalia concentrica-_._- 171
ILINARTA 42 hi 0 Su nC 142
Limaria fruticosa .. _.._--- 143
uC Taminatba eee ae 143
a ramnilosa, 3a 142
No. 186.] 83
OrigtInaAL NAMES. sate CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Lingula cuneata ........-- 8
e lamellata...... 55, 249
se Oblatae ss 2 4. Carl), Oe 54
s oblonga... 20. . met Ow
- perovatae: Jeske. 55
MP VRTOCRINUS 42 22 so aL abo
Lyriocrinus dactylus _____- 197
MAacrosTYLOCRINUS ____-_-- 203
Macrostylocrinus ornatus _. 204
Mie AmONUS) 220) 0 20 243
Megalomus canadensis .._. 243
MIEROCRINITES 022.22 25522. OaAT|
Melocrinites sculptus___- -- 228
Modiolopsis orthonotus ._... 10
de OVvallisie ura 210i
a 2 primigenius Pee (| This species is probably a Palearca.
et Sibalatws co. 235 84.
&f URS ORE SIAN 285
e subearinatus _._. 101
ee undulostriatus .. 284
Murchisonia bivittata ..... 345
se boc ilies 2). 346
SAC.) conoideas voi)... 13
co: loganii. -..-.-. 346
4 longispira _.__.- 345
C5 macrospira...... 346
5: ooh (A) Ca) 6 cts es a 332
ce subulatas 25055. 91
(2 eterebrallisiac 334
oe turritiformis _... 347
Myalina mytiliformis ----._- 100 Genus?
MiyELODACTYLUS .2/5.5-5 50/26 191
Myelodactylus brachiatus -_ 222
- convolutus ___... 192
¢ (CA Rea a 232
ONCHUSS eyricclals . givchen ly 320
Onchus deweyii BS Lie a0 This spine, referred to the genus Onchus,
is the posterior spine of a crustacean of the gonus Ceratiocaris, or of an
allied genus = Ceratiocaris dewey.
Oncoceras expansum _...-.- 337
#6 sibbosum .2.2. 22 14
a subrectum ......- 94
84
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. II, page
Orbicula (2) squamiformis _. 250
te tenuilamellata___ 250
Ormoceras vertebratum ._._ 94
Oriiisrenrew Ms a4 ys es ee 56
Sy eelesantilay meen 202
Ke ms DUG aN ONE
es fascia ta eee Om ah Doe
ee flabellum? var. 254, 255
eh triyystortcl a) OUR 253
ee interstrlatas W420.) 326
e US UU ee ryt an 250
ee punctostriata ____-- 254:
es pyramidalisn: 2222. aol
ee tenmidens 4250205). tos
be Erimmcleusi ek eae 58
Orthoceras abruptum -_.-- 97
a amie. 2 2202) 9G
ee eancellatum __-_- - 292
oe ClavatwimMye 25222 104.
ce imbpricatnumm 22222) 29
oe multiseptum .__. 291
. vail centers oe ea) 291
. virsulatum, 4.) 796
ce EAT ON 292
Oxthonotay cuistayes sae ee 86
(44 (44 (?) PU cul LTS 985
IPATASTER Santee seul > 24'7
Paleaster niagarensis ....- 247
Paleophycus striatus __-_.-- 22:
te fontwosus/ 22 2.254 26
ze Prana. bie 22
Pentamerus fornicatus -__. - 81
Clolermetigy {oe 719
a occidentalis ..... 341
Ovals eet ay 0S
Phacops limulurus........ 299
£6 trisuleatus _..2 22. 300
IPEEAINOPORNY oes 2S chi 46
Phenopora constellata -... 47
ee ensiformis ...... 48
ts explanata ...... 46
[ ASSEMBLY
CHancep Names, REMARKS, etc.
Craniops squamiformis.
Discina tenuilamellata.
Dalmania limulurus.
No. 186.] 85
OrtginaAL NAmMEs. i
Vol. II, page
Platyostoma niagarensis _.. 287
a — a Oil 28CNoae
Pleurotomaria bispiralis -.. 348
4 MONE ea)! a 12
<6 perlata ucaseetee 349
fad!) perveiMstai. 2. 12
a solarioides:.. ..2- 348
Ks subdepressa .__. - 302
Boy (2) Re 2 OES
HoarsnnmiAswa Shyla 5.22.2. 12
Polydilasma turbinatum .._ 112
12 OT SY BONN 167
Polypora incepta _..- . peerage) 7:
esidonia? alfa .2!2.2 2... 87
Posidonomya rhomboidea -. 284
LE EOIN Bienen ieee ee aE 315
Proetus coryeous -...---- 315
Se MStOlesil ye LAS
ENGR ENOMCBUS i 2 20202 et 220 87
Pyrenomeus cuneatus -- -- - 87
Retepora angulata ____.--- A9
c asperatostriata_._ 161
ditiusay Ske. soe: 160
GHWNOROH ANC eo 2) 48
Rhinopora tuberculosa____ - 170
a OOO) ee ee 49
ih VEEGUCOSA 4.5 5. AS
ISOPEBVOUS Seal Ol ou 23
Rusophycus bilobatus ...._ 24
Sf Clavatuspyei ote 28 23
&e pudieus: 26802 2 24
ee subangulatus_... 23
DINCCOGRINUG 2c lye) a) 205
Saccocrinus speciosus.__._-- 205
RNG OH NIM AG opera od kd pane
Sagenella membranacea_... 172
Scolithus, verticalis.. 4... 2. 6
Spirifer bicostatus..-.2.-- 263
a7 bhoratus, ver. lynx 2 Go
ee [OVC] US a cp 260
e crispus
CHANGED Names, REMARKS, ete.
Probably a Zaphrentis.
Zaphrentis? turbinatum.
Orthis biforatus, var. lynx.
O.
bilobus.
86
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Vol. II, page
| ASSEMBLY
CHANGED NAMES, REMARKS, ete.
Pentamerus ?
Spirifer niagarensis -__-_.-- 264
ee pyramidalis __-_._.- 266
S PAC ALS Oe eee 66, 265
es snillcatus jena el 261
6c ere 66
STEPHANOCRINUS.-_.-.- ea 212
Stephanocrinus angulatus .. 212
eS gemmiformis -_.__ 215
Stictopora crassa._......... 45
i: punctipora..___. 157
ef FALIpOTa sy sseeice 46
Streptelasma calicula_____- 111
S@RIATOPORA 42 2 00 oe 156
Striatopora flexuosa ._____. 156
SPROMATOPORA <j) 50220 0422 135
Stromatopora concentrica, 136, 325
constellata _____- 324
STROPHODON TAU Gh 3 2s 63
Strophodonta prisca ______.- 63
eS Lexis paen ane oe 327
Subulites ventricosa _____- 347
SWRINGORORAW Lei 8 he 118
Syringopora? multicaulis... 119
Melimomyayeunta 22 ))) 2s 86
he elillipticay: 222 un 102
oe) equillatera: 330
66 ethene iin) ayes ee 85
ee macheriformis... 85
Tentaculites minutus _____- 183
(AG GIS Hams wie slo 184
THYSANOCRINUS ..-..____-- 188
Thysanocrinus aculeatus _.. 190
i canaliculatus._.. 189
¢ immaturus .____- 191
ef Piiitornmaiss es oes 191
Tracks of Gasteropoda, 27, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36.
(PR EMATOPORUAG IE ies ale 149
Trematopora aspera _____-- 154
« coalescens ._...- 150
nh granulifera..___- 154
ce ostiolata .... 2... 152
No. 186.] 87
ORIGINAL NAMES. Win Rash CHANGED Names, REMARKS, ete.
Trematopora punctata ___.- 151
hes SPATS ce ue 7 155
ee SPUNUL OSA ee ks 155
“ SIG 1 Te eee ara Be"
es pe@trlata) et be 153
ce tuberculosa _._.- 149
ce fubwlosa 22. 2 lea
IREBGHOCERAS ...2......._-.. oad
Trochoceras gebhardii ...._ 335
ee turbinata) 2 2. 2 336
CORRECTED LIST OF THE FOSSILS DESCRIBED IN THE REPORT
OF THE FOURTH GEOLOGICAL DISTRICT OF NEW-YORK
(EXCEPTING THOSE WHICH ARE CORRECTED IN THE PRECEDING LISTS).
—
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE WATERLIME GROUP.
ORIGINAL NAMES. sun CorrREcTED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Avicula rugosa_........-- 142 Undetermined.
eAtiryma suleata |... 2... 142 Merista? sulcata.
Oyenerina alta.2 522... 142 beperditia’ alta. -
Delthyris plicatus __..___. 142 ~=Spirifer plicatus.
Littorina antiqua -_-.-_-.- 142 MHolopea antiqua.
Tentaculites ornatus ____-- 142
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE PENTAMERUS LIMESTONE.
Attypa Iacunosa:.._ 25. - - - = Rhynchonella lacunosa.
Euomphalus profundus -_.. Bucania profunda.
Lepocrinites gebhardi---. - - Lepadocrinus gebhardi.
Pentamerus galeatus ..-.--
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE DELTHYRIS SHALY LIMESTONE.
Strophomena punctulifera - - Strophodonta punctulifera.
Strophomena radiata .__. -- |
* The species given without references to page are from the Report of the Third
District by Mr. VanuxreM, and were not repeated in the text of the Report of the
Fourth District, but in the plates of fossils at the end of tho volume.
88
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE ORISKANY
OrnigiInaL NAMES.
Page
Aigo a elomcatay = 25) eae 148
JUGEOe) POCUIUE EIS G26. Be 148
Atrypa unguiformis ____-.- 149
Delthyris arenosa.__.....- 148
[ ASSEMBLY |
SANDSTONE.
CorrEcTED NAMES, REMARKS, ete.
Rensseleria ovoides. |
Eatonia peculiaris.
Orthis hipparionyx, or
O. unguiformis.
Spirifer arenosa.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE ONONDAGA LIMESTONE.
ASHES) GOS | Se Uae OY)
Cyaiblvop inva lnmanyeey ee ee! 160
Cyathophyllum dianthus_.. 160
Delthyris undulatus
Favosites alveolaris
157
Acervularia rugosa.
Cyathophyllum lesueuri.
~ 9 e
Spirifer undulatus.
This species has been referred to Favo-
sites (Emmonsia) hemispherica of YANDELL & SHuMARD; but I am not
satisfied of the identity, by comparison of specimens which I believe to be
authentio.
PatAVOSIeS | MOLOsa ety Lm 159
Favosites gothlandica ._._- ID) 7)
Hipparionyx ( Atrypa) con-
Sint ASO ye eee wn
Pentamerus elongata .__.-. 132
Syringopora ———— ?.___.. 160
2
Favosites basaltiea.
Atrypa reticularis, var.?
Rensseleeria elongata.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE CORNIFEROUS LIMESTONE.
Nerocwliavereeta awe a uae 172
AMPA OIISCa ys oad TO. OS
JEGREV OP MIKE ADU} Sue ee en Aliph
Calymene crassimarginata _._ 172
Cyrtoceras undulatum __.-- 175
Delthyris duodenaria ____ -_ - 171
Euomphalus? rotundus _._. 172
Ichthyodorulites: = _ 42 IAs alo
Odontocephalus selenurus.. 175
Chelan emencewulerets Ss ON ee" ITs)
Orthonychia ———— _____. 172
Paracyelasmellipiicay see 171
Pleurorhyneus trigonalis_.. 171
Pterinea cardiiformis .__. - - 172
Strophomena acutiradiata _. 171
Strophomena crenistria ..._. 171
Strophomena lineata .____- 175
Strophomena undulatum_._ 175
Tentaculites scalaris alae
Platyceras erecta.
Atrypa reticularis.
Merista seitula.
Proetus crassimarginata, .
Spirifer duodenaria.
Pleurotomaria ? rotunda.
Dalmania selenurus.
Platyceras (Orthonychia) subrectum.
Lucina elliptica
= 7 L. proavia.
Megambonia cardiiformis.
Chonetes acutiradiata.
Strophodonta crenistria.
Chonetes lineata.
Strophomena rugosa, var.
No. 186. | 89
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE MARCELLUS SHALE,
OrIGgInAL NAMES. its CorrEctED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
mabevpa lHmitaris fh 5.2%) 22 180 =Rhynchonella limitaris.
mmiculea ‘equilatera 2.2 <2 180 Aviculopecten equilatera.
Ayieula. levis... 2.) 22 180 = Pteronites? levis.
Moca miuricata 6 252 180 2
Orbicula minuta._.....‘.-- 180 Discina minuta.
Onis nucleus. j5.2 44 sue 180
Orthoceras subulatum .___- 180 :
Strophomena mucronata _.. 180 Chonetes? mucronata.
Strophomena pustulosa .... 150 Productus pustulosus; not
P. pustulosus of European authors.
Strophomena setigera __---- 180 Chonetes setigera.
Tentaculites fissurella _ 180, 222
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE HAMILTON GROUP.
munya, CONCENntTICa: 2. 2... 198 Spirigera = Athyris concentrica.
Atrypa concinna ._..._... 200 Nucleospira concinna.
Atrypa rostrata __._....... 202 Merista rostrata.
PNA Mee SPINOSA) 2 oes 200 <Atrypa aspera.
mAyiemla deeussata ... 2°. -- + 203 Pteronites? decussata.
Avicula orbiculata.__....- 202 Aviculopecten orbiculata.
Bellerophon patulus ___.-- 196
Waliymiene sbuto, be 2.2 8 2. 200 Phacops bufo.
Crypheus calliteles __..__- 200 Dalmania calliteles.
Cirenllea opima, iis 62 F 2 196 Nucula opima.
Cyathophyllum —— ___... Cyathophyllum vanuxemi.
Cyathophollum turbinatum. Heliophyllum halli.
Cypricardia truncata ___.-- 196 2
Cystiphyllum cylindricum - 209 Cystiphyllum americanum.
Cystiphyllum ( indet.).._.- 209
Dipleura dekayi.._......- 205 | Homalonotus dekayi.
Delthyris fimbriata..__.__- 208 Spirifer fimbriatus.
Delthyris granulifera _____- 207 ~=Spirifer granuliferus.
Delthyris macronota __.... 207 Spirifer macronotus.
Welthyrisi medialis... 22. 208 Spirifer medialis.
Delthyris mucronata __ 198,205 Spirifer mucronatus.
Delthyris sculptilis ....... 202 Spirifer sculptilis.
Welthwrisyziszag 2... 2). 200) © Spirifer vigzag.
Moxonemar nexilis) - 4.) 2k 200
Microdon bellastriata___..- 196
Modiola concentrica ...... 196 Modiolopsis concentricus.
[ Assembly No. 186. } 12
90 [ AssemBLy
HAMILTON GROUP.
OrtGgInaL NAMES. onl CorrEcTED NAMES, REMARKS, etc.
Nuculabellatulla onus 96
Nuculaydineatalys i) Will ne 196
Nutcullavoblongay ns iain 196 Nuculites? oblonga.
Mellimay ovata be su Novae 196 2
Orthonata undulata _____-- 205
Strombodes Ga ale Zaphrentis 2
Strombodes distortus _..,.. 210 Cyathophyllum? distortus.
Strombodes helianthoides .- 210 Heliophyllum halli.
Strombodes mectus) = .4.|/2) f. 210 Streptelasma recta.
Strembodes*simplex “2202 210 Zaphrentis simplex.
Strophomena inequistriata.. 200
Turbo lineatus 198
---- - ee ee = =
Strophodonta inequistriata.
Pleurotomaria lineata.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE TULLY LIMESTONE.
sAUL Tay oal vets 2 Ute a OY QS
Aciyipa cubiotdes 22a e 215
Ainypanlentitormis 7 ese. % 25)
Orihismresupinata, 22 see lp
ORGANIC REMAINS OF
Atrypa quadricostata -_.__. 223
Awiculaniragilise 22 yn 4.0.8 222
Lingula concentrica..____- 223
incuba spapuilaiayya le wh ae 223
Orbicula lodensis 02 82222 223
Strophomena setigera 222
ORGANIC REMAINS OF
Astarte [?] subtextilis .___- 245
AWACUIAMSPECLOSaL one di) cule 243
Bellerophon expansus ___-- 243
Bellerophon striatus___...- 245
Cardium ? [?] vetustum __.. 245
Clymenia? complanata ____ 243
Cyathocrinus ornatissimus.. 247
WDelithiyais leowa's ey eae ae DAS
Fucoides graphica
Fucoides verticalis
-sr ee e-- =e
Atrypa reticularis.
Rhynchonella cuboides :
Not R. cuboides of Europe
= R. subcuboides.
Atrypa reticularis.
Orthis tulliensis.
THE GENESEE SLATE.
Rhynchonella quadricostata.
Discina lodensis.
Chonetes setigera.
THE PORTAGE GROUP.
“a
Not B. expansus of Sowmrsy
= B. cyclopterus.
Spirifer levis.
No. 186.] 91
PORTAGE GROUP.
ORIGINAL NAMES.
Page
Goniatites bicostatus ..___- 245
Goniatites sinuosus.__. 243, 245
meine retusa. Leet 245
Nueula lineolata._- 2.222. 245
Orthis tenuistriata ........ 245
Orthoceras aciculum .._-- IOTES
Pinnopsis acutirostris.____- 243
Fiamopsis ornatus 22.2 3F 2 243
Ungulina suborbicularis _._ 243
Correcrep NAmeES, REMARKS, etc.
Perhaps generically identical with Am-
bonychia.
Generic relations undetermined.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE CHEMUNG GROUP.
Atrypa contracta ......._- Pinal
ya dumosa Ss 277
raya auplicaia 222.24. 271
Miya reximia i LLU oes 271
Mirypa iMystrix eso seu o 277
Mmypa laticosta uli 0o ls 271
Atrypa laticosta, var.._..-- 271
Atrypa mesacostalis -__.--- 271
ATED JOO 1 gee ee 77
Atrypa? tenuilineata .____- yal
PMV pamtrl Wis! 32 fees LUNN a 271
Avicula acanthoptera .__.- 263
Avicula damoniensis? __..- 262
Avicula longispina_.....--- 262
Avicula pectiniformis ...._ 262
viculaesignatan. 22225522 264
eMC MARSpINISeray. . 22 Fai54 262
Calymene nupera .— 22 44-52 262
Delthyris acanthota .__.--- 270
Delthyris acuminata .__..- 270
Delthyris cuspidata -__.--- 270
Delthyris disjuncta .._.--- 269
Welihvrisiwenmisis 24. 26 270
Delthyris mesacostalis --.- - 269
Delthyris mesastrialis _._.. 269
Delthyris mucronata ___.-- 270
MING THES Come i et A ioome to
hima velaber ess. 2. 5255 = 264
Rhynchonella contracta.
Perhaps identical with Atrypa aspera.
Rhynchonella duplicata.
Rhynchonella eximia.
Rhynchonella laticosta.
Rhynchonella laticosta, var.
Rhynchonella mesacostalis.
Merista polita.
Atrypa reticularis.
Piteronites acanthoptera.
Pteronites? chemungensis.
Pteronites longispina.
Aviculopecten pecteniformis.
Aviculopecien signatus.
Pteronites spinigera.
Phacops nupera.
Perhaps a variety of P. bufo.
Spirifer acanthotus.
Spirifer acuminatus.
Spirifer cuspidatus.
Spirifer disjunctus [?].
Spirifer inermis.
Spirifer mesacostalis.
Spirifer mesastrialis.
Spirifer mucronatus.
Plumalina plumosa.
Genus?
92
[ AsseMBLY
CHEMUNG GROUP.
ORIGINAL NABES.
Page
hima tobsoleta 220 2S 22st 264
Lima rugestriata ........- 264
Opthiscarinata 2.2. j22e 267
Orihis imioressa oases 267
Orthis unguiculus -.------ 267
Pecten? cancellatus .__.--- 264
Pecten convexuS..__....--- 264
iRecteny crenulatus 2. 2. 264
Pecten dolabriformis _._--- 264
mecten duplicatuse 90085 264
Rec ten VSbrient Us!) se, Nee i We 264
Pterinea suborbicularis .._. 264
Sigillaria chemungensis, 273, 275
Sphenoptenis laxus 0252523 275
Strophomena arctostriata__. 266
Strophomena bifurcata._-. - 266
Strophomena interstrialis._. 266
Strophomena nervosa ..---.- 266
Strophomena pectinacea.... 266
CorrectED NAamES, REMARKS, etc.
Genus?
Aviculopecten rugestriatus.
Aviculopecten cancellatus.
Aviculopecten convexus.
Genus?
Aviculopecten dolabriformis.
Aviculopecten duplicatus.
Aviculopecten striatus.
Aviculopecten suborbicularis.
Strophodonta arctostriata.
Strophodonta bifureata.
Strophodonta interstrialis.
Strophodonta nervosa.
Strophodonta pectinacea.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE CATSKILL-MOUNTAIN GROUP.
Sauripteris taylori) $9050.05 281
Scale of Holoptychus nobilissimus.. 281
Scale of Sauripteris............... 281
Jawbone and teeth of ditto........ 282
Holoptychius taylori.
Probably identical with the following :
Holoptychius taylori.
Probably of H. taylori.
ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE SANDSTONE OF THE CONGLOMERATE.
Cypricardia? angustata __.. 186
Cypricardia contracta ____- 291
Cypricardia rhombea .___-.- 2971
Euomphalus depressus....- 291
Genus?
Genus?
Not E. depressus of SOWERBY
No. 186. |
93
CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FOSSILS DESCRIBED IN THE
THIRD VOLUME OF THE PALHONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK;
INCLUDING THOSE FROM THE WATERLIME GROUP, THE LOWER HELDERBERG GROUP,
AND THE ORISKANY SANDSTONE.
Page
Acidaspis hamata.7_...._.- 371
et tuberculatus __._. 368)
PMeROCWETATC! «fe! ld 7. 308
Pwiebiia SimMata 25.5.2... 265
EMNOMALOCYSTITES 2. 2-2. - 132
Anomalocystites cornutus _. 133
‘ disparilis) 5-32. : . 145
MSEIMOCRINUS .2 2 354 fy gas 122
Aspidocrinus callosus _.-__- 123
os ifeinaiis= eae ss 2 123
es scutelliformis_._.. 122
Aieyipa, Feticularis 2222.22. 253
Avicula equiradiata _____- 285
cc [Salley Se ai apa 289
He COMMNUMIS ee oe Le 286
Pe SepWandte se s2 oe | 466
Ms TANG MAN ee 2984
See enoOvilornmis sy). 2h 279
rf Obliquata 222.5. 2. 285
a OWSCUMA eee 280
iS pauciradiata .____- 287
= MECHCOSta mes, 2) 1 4GO
Ee SOMO Maicey west es 283
a securiformis _____- 290
Ge SOM ena ee OD
ee subequilatera____-_. , Bel
me tenuilamellata ____- 281
ce POC Pee ee 288
cc “¢ var. arenaria _ 465
cc URI OMe ee ete 984
Beyrichia granulata _____-- 377
Ee TOA tae wae woe eee, Y 378|
ge “var. ventricosa, 380)
ee OCW eS eo Sei
Ee PIG TUMGR WIS © eee, 380
IB RACHIOCRINUSE 5.0 se ee 118
Brachiocrinus nodosarius _. 118
Bromteus. barrand) 2. __ 22. 350
Page
Bucania, protundal 2)... ss = 341
CROP TUS She ABE a) ee 308
Chonetes complanata .____. 418
Conularia huntiana .____-- 348
it pyramidalis ___.- 347
CoRONOCRINUS Ja Jas5e se 124
ee CTassar's) ees 268
a dOrsaita foe een
“ Jamellosa ______- 266
ee sublamellosa __.. 267
Cyritay dalmamieeeem se 206
os TOStra tape ees oy te 429
Cyrtoceras subrectum -__-.~ 342
Dalmania micrurus*_2___-- 359
Ce MASMtUSw tera eee 362
ec plenroptyx. = 2- 306
ee tridenhs amis 2 jee 361
DCTP VOCRINUS). 2 eon es es
Dictyocrinus squamifer __._ 135
DDS CTINAY Bat acts ak he) See a tee eee 159
Discina -comtadic sess eae 161
“ GISGUS. Sc See ae 159
Ta CS) es ee ema 406
Be Vamexe mie 2 ye sre 162
ECATONDA: (iL es ey ae 432
Katona eminensee eens 2. DAD,
Be TEC IS ieee ees 241
ce peculiaris ___. 244, 436
&6 POUT a ep ie 437
a singiilariS._._.... 243
ce SUV hoe 438
ce Wil Phe Laie say oe ae 437
HERO CENGUIS: ee sie etayune pane ie 119
Edriocrinus pocilliformis... 121
+ SAC CULMS as ee 143
O4 | ASSEMBLY
Page Page
Evuomphalus disjunctus _... 340) Mecamponia ....-_-.--.-- 273
P STUMIULE TOUS eis 340) Megambonia aviculoides ___ 274
Eurypterus lacustris ...._- Sua ee bellisitata sees 467
i RONG Wess ce es Beale cordiformisi = = aemans
. IMACTOCMEIMUSHA! Sea al iy Gc lamellosageeee 467
Holopea antiqua___-.__. Be 294 lata 222 201
ee a DAG WEEVIELUStas 20) ) hay mytiloidedy: 4 sams 276
Gh Caan ee csc Nvagnhs ie) 29O| oblonga, === ST
iS allomaniey S255 e554 0s DOO 9° obscura, 2 eee SFT
6 Subcomica amon. =” Dou ovata, 227 279
Homalonotus vanuxemi.... 352) “ OVOldea) 2. aan 276
IMOMOCRENUIS Se ee ee) mn OZ ass rhomboidea ___-- 275
Homocrinus proboscidalis _- 138) spinner. 2). vemee der
ee Scoparius 222. —, Eales suborbicularis _.. 273
EPADOCRINUS IS eae ea ayo 125) Merista \arcuatay 95 eee 249
Ihepadocrinus gebhardi __.. 127) “ bella °) 2 (2a aa 248
Weperditia alta © ose os Seon.) Se bisuleata 22 ee 203
nui s@ralicame to Se Cindet.) 22. sceeee 252
ce HOMEST ee cleeag Oia. we kevis Us Veer LSS aol ed
of pakasitica Meee? SOs latacc 2 2 A431
s OAT A oS 37 ¢ meek 2 ae 252
Weptenaiconmcaya 22 aes: A wee JOIMITCEIOS Vos es. eel
cae Con NUL Che aria. ie ou wa eh ae subquadrata _____- 249
MERON TAM oss een ene ae 447| Modiolopsis? dubius _____- 264
Leptocelia concava __..--- 245| Murchisonia bilirata _____- 299
ce dichotentayes 2)" 452) * extenuasiad sue 298
oh DUT ONT H i Seay eS Ai Ole wae MIN ba, eee 298
fiabellites .__._. + 449) NUCLEOSPIRA’ 2.42 ae 218
ic aa ONT Ah hes 246| Nucleospira concentrica _._ 223
Ibil@lnvais lovexsoyyib! ca pilia OO BOA a ice elegans {2.2.0 ame 222
ch puSstulosus. |. 2262. SOO i Ventricosa) 2 ames 220
Lingula centrilineata -_-_-- - 155) Oncoceras ovoides __-...-- 342
8 etelaiay ear sents 156) Orthis assimilis) 2. saan 175
of meciilatera, Gown es TOG we CONCINNG. |G. Sie ate
< Sroatalia a napa ay amas: HOST nti deformis: _ 2.2) 2 ei
tf SOMOS aN money ae eu mee aoe | alates discus.) \ °c eee 165
Loxonema attenuata ____-.. BSB pio) eminens: 9) eae 167
s¢ compacta, so 22s" QO TCs hippanioniysxc eee 407
Gc CIRUE) al sey Sia SS DEG. insignis’ (oe ee 173
ef Urol tusa wes Laven DOF ec muiltistiiatay 176
x planogyrata ___.- Deep musculosa, .) ee eed
NERD ACTUUINUS tera ene oto ae WOAN pedunculanis eae 174
Mariacrinus macropetalus_. 111; “ perelesans) 2] aes === ial
fh MOMISSIMMUS es OD planoconvexa ._-.. 168
ee pachydactylus 222 107)" 1c Oblate a2 aa 162
‘ paucidactylus ... 109) °* ‘¢' var. emarginata. 164
ey MMM SINGH ARO ae strophomenoides ___ 177
i TUNMOS TIS ean nee E LCE hin Sub camimalta) |. iwae ies 169
stoloniferns ._..- WLAN ites tubwlosttiata =e 166
No. 186.]
4
(44
44
14
44
14
44
6
6
Palearea
: (44
Pentamerus galeatus
(44
6
44
eee ee eee
helderbergiz -__-
longicameratnm -
pauciseptum __.-
Persimiatwms = 02
eT OO eS a
TRUE gS he CW
Sulptexivleypaeie..)
tenuiannulatum _
Samtondiyaewog
ventricosa
JIT ROY eagle geet
pseudogaleatus - -
\ETPIOKe PUI TLS ee
Phacops hudsonicus ._..--
BG Oey Ses Alle eee
PrLeopsis
Miatyeeras: agreste<_.. 2. 2:
66
UCU rue a
Jovi Wiiayexsyt Sy Sh sai
bisinuatum _.__-
bisuleatum____.-
Calamil@aee sts ae
clayatunn Sao. 2 =
curvirostrum _._.
Gillaitatimamabie e227
elongatumi ms. =.
OS He a ebON pea 8 So
gebhardi__._ 312,
Sip Woswmiy aL. -
ALG TISHSE Ia S
intermedium __ .-
lamellosum __.--
maegnificum .___-
multisinnatum _-
MEW, De LIV eosin! 2
nodosum. Boe
OhESUMAPR Ee
joven Bee. 2
pentalobus) 424 =
eLlavaniiewe ses
MeEplicaium ws. =:
puleiionrme s52"
platystomum ___-
“var. alveatum,
95
Page Page
179) Platyceras plicatile .__..-- B25
0) | plicatume saa. sae oo4
345) * pyramidatum.__. 336
Sebeni 6° TE WE xao nny eet ee ATT
343) & retrorsumepy sss 56s 20)
346) “* “¢ var. abnormis, 321
SVG A LOUGH UM aes 313
AA ce SITU ONG) BUs nee 314
BAG ice Spirailent hits ss awe
344) % subnodosum.___- 474
boll gic sulcoplicatum ___ 324
rele pie Temalar fe ie
Orliioies TOLMUOSuI es = A472
PAD TAI CS NE UV A SUES 8 25 A473
262) ee tubzeforme ___._- 332
PBS he So trilobatum 2_.__- 316
KOO -undulostriatum __ 336
OO alae unguiforme _____ 322
BSH unisuleatum ___. 316
308] ies ventricosum, 311, 475
309} “ (Platyostoma) callosum,478
338) Platyerinus parvus_______- 114
Bool lee pltimosusiwegn 2. 113
Silo 6 TAnMUlOSuUSi see 2) 115
StS ice tentaculatus____- 116
SPC JEAN COSGNOINNA EL ee 299
328] Platyostoma arenosa ._...- 302
Somes depressa Seen 301
SIO) oes subangulata .____ 301
B22 es ventricosa _. 300, 469
335| Pleurotomaria labrosa ___._ 339
335| Proetus protuberans _...__. 351
ASIAN, PRO BASMER Ws toh cul Diss amet ope 134
320|| Protaster, 10; bes) 22) see 134
o32) Eleny gots 20. 2. sae 398
32) RENSSELARIA, 2 See pteeeienes 454
330] Rensseleria sequiradiata _._ 255
476, « cumberlandie __. 464
om) 4S ellipticaga Seige. 256
Soames intermedia sme” 463
Agia|k tac TOS VAIS tte aga a a 206
Se) ane marylandica ____ 461
ANTS a wae MUS Sy 254
PS nest OVA lis eae) ean: 458
Bel 1 OVOIdESS Jn Wae 456
25) yee SWeSssana 2 eb. 459
327; Rhynchonella abrupta ____- 228
DOO. ce acutiplicata 22225 242
B20 a eequivalvis __-.-- 224
86 | AssEMBLY
Page Page
Rhynchonella altiplicata___ 231] Spirifer tribulis __..___.1- 420
ge barrandi fel) fo 442)" 1 vanuxemi 2) 2up eae
be Y pialveata: sa 2h i022 233| Spirorbus, laxis === saa 349
a campbellana .__. 239 etphosony beckil S232 32oe
a eMminens (em ayes 237 cavumbona ._.._- 187
cf hse nea Tag ee eee Aad) 3% headleyana -___- 185
Os formosa 2 250) jes leavenworthana__ 189
$e multistriata .._.. 440; “ linck zen) ee) Saaeeeiee
TOON eH ON WSS) PLONE, 22 magnilica sa loa 414
fe FONT GUUS 1 BM A ah as o/b. Ice magniventra -... 411
op ALOIS! Ses 2AOI Se planulata See 184
% nucleolata _____- DOMIN ahs punetulifera .._. 188
8 Oblapane ees AES) | 109 varistriata .__._- 180
a planoconvexa .._ 235) ‘“ “¢ van. arata_. 183
o pletopleura 22 2~ _ 440) * Vascularian: eee 412
principalis ays 443) Strophomena conradi __ ~~ -- 194
oe pyramidata __._- 22 Os radiata 4 eae 193
mf ramsayi ....-.-. 446) “ rugosa shee ee 195
ee TUGUS HEALS 28 Doon! nie ‘“¢ var. ventricosa, 417
rt Semiplicata Ys 22. DOA ss woolworthana _.. 192
6 septatany seit 443) SvROPHOSTYLUS .... .- 52958 303
RS Se ClOSHs tae Eyal 444 Stop hostylus andrewsi .... 472
eS sulcoplicata ____- 236 depressusi aeee 306
ee transversa 2). 2 Za) | ai'K6 elegans] 3e—= 304
RF Vellicata ge Oui ce DSi vate eX pansus) 2 ae 470
ae VEUUEICOSan sane Zao) fitch!) «ee 306
WaltraeNiCHGSPIR Ay aur sposhy J aleueel hoi DalOiihs als globosus._._-__- 305
Rhynchospira deweyi ....- 216, “ matheri =e 471
oS LOTMOSay yk 2) QT Nie obtusus’ 35 305
% Slobosayl cays Na ARS rotundatuse ee 307
te rectirostra __!../. - DVI Mir? tramsversus __-_-- 470
SPH AROCYSIMUEES) 1a esl e 130) TeceNnocrinus\ 2. 42 eee 139
Spherocystites multifasciatus, 130) Technocrinus andrewsi _._. 141
eat HCI) AMET OSUS | pena iene Ant ics Sculptus (2a 143
AERC HUIS) = a) Lum Mae AQDh Spinulosis) {ahaa 140
cE CONMCINMUS: 444 AOOKe .\“ Striatus:/kaeneeee 142
i cumberlandie ___.- 421) Tellinomya nuecleiformis _._ 263
e cyclopienus 22k. =. 199) Tentaculites elongatus ._~. - 136
és IMILER ME CIS Maelo 424) % irrecularis 62. aia
es macropleurus ____- 202) TRemaTospina Lo eae 207
re TMOG ESS: Saye e 303| Trematospira camura .-_---- 212
ee octocostatus .___--- QOD ers costata: . aie aaee on
perlamellosus .___- ZO oe multistriata ._--- 209
ff OV/CIGIENIUICES 0 Se MemeiLPKe, periora tayeegeeens 208
rs Samora ya) go 203) Simple sage aie ee 211
rs submucronatus .__: 419) “ ag COUNT lc 211
i: TERUISTELAnUS eee 204
DONATIONS AND PURCHASES
DURING THE YEAR 1858,
| Assembly No. 186.] 13
95 | ASSEMBLY
I. FOSSILS FROM THE EOCENE TERTIARY OF PARIS,
PRESENTED BY W. C. JOHNSON, ESQ., OF UTICA.
CHAMA CALICULATA, TEREBELLUM, sp.?
CYTHEREA NITIDULA, ROSTELLARIA FISSINELLA,
CYTHEREA LEVIGATA, RosTELLARIA MACROPTERA,
ARCA BIANGULATA, ROSTELLARIA COLUMBELLA,
ARCA MODIOLIFERA, TURRITELLA 1MBRICATARIA,
LUCINA GIGANTEA, TURRITELLA INTERMEDIA,
CARDELLA, sp.? MELANIA CASTELLATA,
CoRBA PECTUNCULUS, | MELANIA MARGINATA,
PECTUNCULUS, sp.? MUREX CRISPUS,
PECTUNCULUS GENICULATUS, FUSUS IMPLICATA,
CARDIUM PENDULOSUM, FuUsUS ACICULATUS, .
CARDITA IMBRICATARIA, Fusus NEOMII,
ANOMIA EPIPHRAM, FusUS BULLIFORMIS,
ASTRA FLABELLULA, Fusus FACULENS,
NucuLA MARGARITACEA, TROCHUS AGLUMANUS,
CoRBULA ANSTERIA, TROCHUS TRICARINATUS,
CoRBULA RUGOSA, CONUS DEPREDATUS,
CoRBULA STRIATA, BuUccINUM STROMBOIDEUS,
DENTALIA DENTALIS, VOLUTA SPINOSA,
PELIOPSIS CORNUCOPIA, VoLUTA MARICINA,
CALYPTERA TROCHIFORMIS, VOLUTA MUCRONATA,
NaTICA MUTABILIS, VOLUTA HARPA,
NATICA CARAPACEA, | VoOLUTA MUSCULINA,
NATICA EPISTOLARIA, CERITHIUM GIGANTEUS,
AMPULLARIA VILMETA, CERITHIUM TEREBELLA,
CIGARETUS CANALICULATUS, CERITHIUM ECHINOIDEUS,
ANCILLARIA BUCCINOIDES, | CERITHIUM HEXAGONUM,
ANCILLARIA OLIVULA, | CERITHIUM SECATUM,
ANCILLARIA, sp.? CERITHIUM LABELLATUM,
PLEUROTOMA CLAVICULATUS, CERITHIUM PLEUROTOMOIDES,
PLEUROTOMA FILOSA, CERITHIUM, sp.?
PLEUROTOMA DENTATA, SEPIA CUVIERI,
PLEUROTOMA BREVICAUDATA; | HCHINOLAMPUS SIMILIS,
MiITRA FISSULINA, SoLANIUM CANALICULATUS,
MITRA TEREBELLUM, CyYpR@®A ELEGANS,
TEREBRA PLICATELLA, DeLPHINULA STRIATA.
JOHN CHAMBERS, ESQ., OVID, SENECA COUNTY.
‘wo large boxes of fine and rare fossils from the Tully limestone, contain-
ing several new species.
PROFESSOR A. J. UPSON.
Fossils from the Old Redsandstone, Delaware county.
No. 186.| 99
I], FOSSILS FROM PHILIP. P. CARPENTER, WARRINGTON, ENG.
1. POST-PLIOCENE FOSSILS.
CORALLINE CRAG.
CorAL, sp.? \ Sudbourn.
Bryozoa, oe
RETEPORA, Aldborough.
CELLAPORA,
Reteprora, &e. Sudbourn.
LgePRALIA, CELLAPORA on PECTEN, a
LEPRALIA, as
Cast of Lima and MEMBRANIPORA, Aldborough.
LEPRALIA on PECTEN (4), Sudbourn.
LEPRALIA and MEMBRANIPORA, ae
PEcTEN, a
CELLAPORA on PECTEN (2), cb
MEMBRANIPORA, Be
LEPRALIA, aS
PECTEN MAXIMUS, Sutton.
PECTEN LENS, Sudbourn.
LUcINA BOREALIS, es
ASTARTE (2), ee
VoLuTA LAMBERTI (cast of), ve
TEREBRATULA, ce
VENERICARDIA, oe
OsTREA, us
Lima, ae
TURRITELLA IMBRICATA, a6
RED CRAG.
TELLINA SOLIDULA, Sutton.
CARDIUM EDULA, ie
TELLINA PROXIMA, ey
ASTARTE, aE
TELLINA, aie
Mactra, ee
TELLINA CRASSA, nie
PECTEN GLYCIMERIS, Ҥ
VENERICARDJA SENILIS, oe
PECTEN OPERLULARIS, “i
Fusus GRACILIS, 4 re
NaASSA RETRORSA, Brightwell.
LiroRINA LITOREA, Sutton.
PURPURA LAPILLUS, nS
Fusts ANTIQUUS, oy
TURRITELLA COMMUNIS, i
PINGUICULA BUCCINEA, a
CYPR#A EUROPEA, Alderton.
ECHINOCYANUS PUSILLUS, Sutton.
CANCER LEACHII (detrital beds), ue
FISH-TEETH ac -
OrouiTH (ear-bone) of a whale,
100
MAMMALIFEROUS CRAG.
ASTARTE ANTIQUA,
TELLINA PROXIMA,
Purpura LAPILLUS,
PECTEN OPERCULATUS,
MANGELIA TURRICULA,
2. KHOCENE THRTIARY.
CorButa, Lucina (2), Natica (2),
3. GREENSAND.
TEREBRATULA BIPLICATA,
TEREBRATULA PECTILA,
MyYoconcHa CRASSA,
TROCHIARTHRUS,
TROCHIARTHRUS WARBURTONT,
NUCLEOLITES CARINATUS,
GALERITES SUBACULEATUS,
ECHINUS GRANULOSUS,
VERTEBRA of osseous fish,
VERTEBRA of LAMNA,
TEETH of LaMNA,
4. INFERIOR OOLITH.
TEREBRATULA, sp.? (2),
TEREBRATULA ELEGANS,
TEREBRATULA, Sp.?
AMMONITE, sp.?
OSTREA, sp.?
5. CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE,
TEREBRATULA PLEURODON,
TEREBRATULA HASTATA,
TEREBRATULA ACUMINATA,
ORTHIS CONNIVENS,
LEPTHNA ANALOGA,
PRODUCTUS MARTINI,
PRODUCTUS FIMBRICATA,
Propucrus COSTATUS,
SPIRIFERA RHOMBOIDEA,
SPIRIFERA PEREGRINA,
SPIRIFERA GLABER,
NERITA SPIRATA
CIRRUS ROTUNDATUS,
ACTINOCRINUS TRI ACANTHADACTYLUS,
ACTINOCRINUS GILBERTSONI,
PLATYCRINUS LAEVIS,
CADENASTER ACUTUS,
-ASAPHUS PUNCTATUS,
TROCHUS :
Chilsford.
(3
66
66
e6
Cambridge.
W estminster.
Dundry.
Cambridge.
66
Warminster.
66
66
Cambridge.
66
im
Duandry.
Cam eos
Blackdoaa
Dundry.
ENGL
Skipton.
AND.
Kildare, Ireland.
Skipton.
66
Richmond.
Skipton.
Kildare, Ireland.
Bolland.
Skipton.
Kildare.
Skipton.
. 66
66
| ASSEMBLY
Grignon, France.
No. 186.] 101
III. LIST OF FOSSILS DEPOSITED IN THE STATE CABINET,
BY LEDYARD LINCKLAEN, ESQ.;
AND SUBJECT TO HIS ORDER.
Five parts of ASTROLEPIS, Marcellus shale.
Hour HoMALONOTUS DEKAYII, Hamilton group.
One GONIATITES, ee
Two GOMPHOCERAS, a
Three CyRTOCERAS, as
Two ORTHOCERAS, bg
Two ORTHOCERAS, Marcellus shale.
One FENESTELLA, . Hamilton group.
One large Plant, «6
One slab OrRTHIS STRIATUS, Waterlime group.
One PHACOPS DECORUS, Lower Silurian, Kurope.
One [LLZNUS CRASSICAUDATUS.
TUBA SPINOSA, Upper Silurian : Littem, Bohemia.
PLEURORHYNCHUS ORNATUS, a Mi
TEREBRATULA PSEUDOLIVONICA, a me
SPIRIFERA TRAPEZOIDALIS, oe es
TEREBRATULA PRINCEPS, ue ce
CAPULUS CONOIDEUS, ae ct
TEREBRATULA MECHANICA, ae Ke
SPIRIFERA NAGEDUM, ue ne
NATICA GREGARIA, BG bu
TEBEBRATULA TUMIDA, « «
PRENTAMERUS ACUTILOBATUS, os a
SPIRIFERA SECANS, st «
SPIRIFERA ROBUSTA, GG 3
CARDIOLA CORNUCOPIA, « Barich, Bohemia.
TEREBRATULA PISCIFER, j ok Komeprus, Bohemia.
PENTAMERUS SIBERICA, “e “6
POLYDILASMA LAMARCKII, Cretaceous : Germany.
AMMONITES VIRGATUS, Jurassic : ce
AMMONITES WALCOTII, Lias : oe
AMMONITES CORDATUS, Oolite : at
AMMONITES AMALTHUS, Lias : of
AMMONITES HUMPHRIESANUS, Ilias : ne
AMMONITES, sp.? Oolite : a
AMMONITES HOLLANDIA, lias : ee
Two LYONSIA ALDOUSIA, Hocene : oe
Four BRAcHIOPODA, sp.? Eocene : a
One BuccINUM ARCUATUM, Devonian : ae
One CHMTETES RADIENS, Devonian : at
One AMMONITES VARIABILIS, lias °: EG
One TRIGONIA MAJOR, Oolite : ee
One AMMONITES BICARINATUS, Lias : ae
One MEGALODON CUCULLATUS, Devonian : ee
102
| ASSEMBLY
-
IV. LIST OF BRITISH MOLLUSCA,
PURCHASED OF MR. PHILIP P. CARPENTER, WARRINGTON, ENGLAND.
HCHINODERMS, Sp.? ......
AMPHIDOTUS CORDATUS ..
ASTERIAS, sp.? eters
HCHINOCYAMUS PUSILLUS.
BALANUS PORCATUS..
BaLANUS TINTINNABULUM
IDINS ANIM aioe Gib oe
PENNATULA PHOSPHOREA .
TUN FEUAIS > VnTIVACIVA S005) hele.
@
2
TEREBELLA, Sp.?..
SPIRORBIS GRANULATUS ..
SPIRORBIS CORRUGATUS ..
SPIRORBIS, Sp.? ......--.
CACUM TRACH A ........
CHA CUMS ES Pati ey we sate
SERPULA COMPLEXA.....
SPIRORBIS, Sp.?..
CmouM, sp.? ....
DENTALIUM TARENTUM ...
DENTALIUM DENTALIS....
DENTALIUM DITRUPA ....
e@ce ee ee ©
IP AGMA AMERICA 5566645
PAowniGA ANGUMAMA 28. 22
PARDO A, DINKILUCIIDA 4 6545
ACMA TESTUDINALIS ...
AMOMZB AW OSG ouidalbio 66 5 oo ae
PELISPRIS HUNGARIENSIS
ACMA VIRGINALIS
FIMARGINATA ROSEA......
HMARGINATA RETICULATA
PUNCTINELLA NOACHIA ..
CALYPTERA SINENSIS......
ANOMIA PATELLIFORMIS..
CHITON ASELLUS
CHITON CINEREUS
CHITON RUBER
PEHCTEN MAXIMUS......
PrECTEN OPERCULATUS ....
PECTEN VARIUS .
PING OSU Moe soo ese
PACEDN DIGRENUS 0244.4.
PCA HIN UENALIVEEUISlam oles ieleielere
WVanNivis Si RAPAVEIIAS 1
WVARINIUIS OwoACTIAN a) Pagar inne
NESSUS: CURIONI Seo oh aioe
CYPRAA ISLANDICA yee.
OyPR AA) spite ce oe
ee © © © 0 © ©
e eee e
ft pet DD AO Ht OD Rs DD COR bY CO
ft tt
bo
eD DD COCO HH ON OU WHS TIO OHM HHO H DORN Oh tor
bo
ae
ARTEMIS EXOLETA .. 008
LVAP HIS) iviliki Gal NE) ANne eee
ADNIDDISS INUIRIDN Goo b.6 2b 6 6
TAPES DECUSSATA ......
TAPES PUSTULATA) | oop.
LUCINA BOREALIS ......
LUCINA LEUCOMA.....--
LUC TNA UNE AA a eens
DWCINAy PLEX TOSSA ee
LUGINA SPINIFER
CRANIA ANOMALA ......
TSOCARDIA CORN eee
CARDIUM. EDULE.....---
CARDIUM PYGMAUM ....
CARDIUM NORVEGICUM...
CARDIUM ACULEATUM ...
CARDIUM ECHINATUM ...
MACTRA SOLID Ae
MactRa STULTORUM ....
MACTRA TUNICATA..-~..-
MactTRA SUBTRUNCATA ..
MacTRA ELLIPTICA
DIPLODONTA ROTUNDATA.
PANDORA OBTUSAQ Gye eee
GALEOMMA TURTONI.....
PSAMMOBIA TELLINELLA.
- PSAMMOBIA FERROENSIS.
PSAMMOBIA VESPERTINA.
TELLINA DONACINA .....
TRULENA SOLEDAGG eee
TELLINA INCARNATA....
MMO N WIN OUS sodoaacc
TD) LAG UNG EAB Ui Ae
{UDO ON CIRINSEUN 55655 65
SYNDOMYA PRISMATICA..
SYNDOMYA ALBA ..ceec-
DoNAX ANTINUS .....-.
MiycA\ RIN CUATIUAV Sie ene
MYA ARBIN ARI AQ sci eeee
ScCROBICULARIS PIPERITA
CocHLODESMA PRATENUE
THRONA PHASEALINA ...
PECTUNCULUS GLYCINERIS
AGRI GAY T/A CANEVA ner rae
SAXICAVA AROTICA .....
SAXICAVA RUGOSA......
CORBULA NUCLEUS......
CARDIUM FASCIATUM ....
°
.
TEREBRATULA CAPUT-SERPENS,
WH OoWHSoOAHwOwake Re & oo
OS
~~
(Se)
ae
(Se) rE bo
ONO PW He NPHKROANKMKPONWOWH WN HEH Dw aH th
pe
H= BO
No. 186. | 103
CARDIUM NODOSUM ........ % WUiIvORINA NOATOIDES ......
SiN DONMANUBEIN US sicicvectater lu SLi TOR UN At’ Sip CDMS) is. ocus cyan ell
ASTARTE TRIANGULARIS .... 8 LiToRINA FABALIS,...,....-<
MONTICULA BIDENTATA...... ¢ LiITORINA LITORALIS........)28
MONTICULA KEERUGINOSA <c.) L LITURINA BRUDIS |... 00060 0nOl
oMnnG SUBORBICUGARIS cq 2.) UITORINA PLIGATA .5.20.05,8400
PRA RUBIUAY fc ieee LO WuTTORINA, SP.0 sna usyas) sere s\se eee
ME MCOOR DAIWA “cas canes ek URES, CORALEENUS) cs aeeeie nel
LEPTON SQUAMOSA.........- NATICA MONALIFERA ... . 8
IeMANORBIS VORTEX. sa <04 ¢ INCASE ICAL OM ONUIA GH Te yas coon 8
MERAH UIPIS VIUS).. ee ce te cee INCA NGACUSIIES chataysiebarnee a Ra Sd
MopioLA MODIOLUS........ IN ADIGA Spt) Sines. uo ah Le
IOMROLA, TULIPA °c os ne c+ 0 < SIALARIA COMMUNIS ....... L
MIO mM NOMAT BAR BAAN Sac 5. ce oe STADART A CLADE R AMUILA sa see
DREISSENA POLYMORPHA ... SIALARTA sMURTONT) 0) sen wun
PP OMAG CANDIDA «cscs. ss TURRITELLA COMMUNIS..... 32
ROMA S) DAC TIVEUS «ccs. 6 TROCHUS UMBELLICATUS..., 19
IPMOMAS CRISPATA ss. .6. cle ME COKOUSDIONS RACIOE yAe ce ae ee Je
ING UIAG CNDICUEUS o. 5.0.00 44 PROCES HX LG UUs) yee
INiOMAC NTTIDA 2s cscs ccs TROCHUS MILEEGRANUS: Joc L
HMM TELENNGY on es oe kek TROCHUS CINEREUS ........ IL
LIMA SUBORBICULARIS ..... TROCEHES sFUMILDNS eee
NINWAGIVASOONMBIG wae cts oh as TROCHUS MONTAGUI.2......
MPT DOUILNS ad SS oes oe al TROCHUS LINEATUS ie ee
MyTILUS DISSIMULIS....... TROCHUS UMBILICGATA ......
SOLEN- MARGINATUS ........ PRO CHUN) SDs sje ait: Ee Oar
SoLeN CURIS, var. MAGNA
SOI SELAQUA Gietclosa sc 5-a4
SGGMEN CHNGIS@ sf a ou oO
SoOLEN PELLUCIDUS ....
ERRATISOLEN LEGUMEN
CRENELLA DISCORS ........
CRENELLA MARMORATA ....
MVERRYAS IAN DIGI OMNIUAN kona a
SPHENTIA BINGHAM! ........
ANOMIA EPHIPPIUM........
PisipluM PULCHELLUM ..,...
PISIDFUM AMNICUM........ :
PISKDMU NM: PUSTLEUM. .)0.c.0 6.0 052
PisIDIUM HENSLOWIANUM
CxOCHUS! CORNEA (ise) diie oue cycle
BucciInNuM UNDATUM .......
* " (spawn) .
PERC @RNT Mi iS PA web 558 tae oreo
HOSS CONIIGWUS S55 esaen oe
FUSUS PROPINQUUS ........
ASUS TSTOANIDICMIS 25 0 ol nid
SES. SD” earator erences, « iis
PROCHUSH SPutivamn. genre etss
CYPRAA EUROPA ANPP. oP
Tea OM ALBANIA Gio Kiel ee
VORNATELLA FASCICULATA..
IBWiLWTAY REVS AIMS, Saterusee
MARGINELLA LINEATUS,
MARGINELLA COSTATA......
MARGINELLA NEBULA......
IMDAIR GHG GROIN
MARGINELLA TUNICULA ....
SCAPHANDER LIGNEUS......
HALIOTIS TUBERCULATA ..
LUCINA VENITA oo. sos.
LUCINA PUTEOLUS ..
LUCINA GRASSIOR .
LACHESIS MINIMA
TURTONIA MINUTA ...
ED RRB O), NACVAAU Shuey eae le
TROPHON BARRIENSIS....
HU VLAD TS TOR APAN ee ais oer
IBC UMAs EE DN GE AUIVAN vous ys ces eee
LDAGOMONY ADOHE TAS GE eee
- bt bo bk
MOCO CO mS DCO OOH WH HY Re Pe Oo HB EH ON PRE DPON OR HWwWOoOR Ww RA
—
°
.
—
HCO 09 BD Ft Ot OO DD DS TO OS OO DO OO St et OO DS 09 DS St St 0 BD GS tt Ot 0 0 Cob
NESS CAG RTE RC UAT Abs re s om o.g il Sl ake HL LON RAP ERA leo le
NASSA INCRASSITELLA ..... 33 CERITHIUM RETICULATUM... 1
INGAS SAU IP VIGIMLAN A: cosure cuale ss gubuco @LOBRITH TUM ADIVERS AU... torch
APORRHAIS PES-PELICAN ... 5 CERITHIOPSIS TUBERCULARIS,
VEE ROBIN AG eA LGUAUIAS 2) |) O-t MR TS SOAy PAR ViAG LS levewsca, «Seay an
BoePUR A. GAR MEGUS 6.5 yok [Ae ISSOVAL CRENUIGATA 2. jae
TT ROMENAY DEEORRA ost ee 1 MLS SOA STN A UTA mi ena
IGENORIN AUP AU E. Myiooe. i) WISSOA LABROSA "sc 's\ae aoe:
RISSOA
RIsSsoa
Rissoa
RIssoa
RIssoa
RIssoa
RiIssoa
RIssoa
RiIssoa
RIssoa
Rissoa
LISSOA
Rrssoa
BEANII
POUR Ae tree, er eae
COSIUIMA emer
CAT AWENIS ee ome
SR AMUS ieee eee
COST AAU i tage
PUNCTATUS (2...
VENTROSA
INCONSPICUA ...
SEMISTRIATA....
LO ra ye SRN A aN
CINGUMEUSI 2s.
ULV (variety) ..
RissOA INFINITESIMA ...
RIssoA TELLINICA
ODOSTOMIA
ODOSTOMIA
ODOSTOMIA
ODOSTOMIA
OpostomIaA
ODOSTOMIA UNIDENTA
ODOSTOMIA SPIRALIS ...
ODOSTOMIA RESONOIDES .
CIEMNITZIA ELEGANTULA
eceeceeve
ECLIMIDES ..
AOU 1b 6:6 606
PLICATA
@oese
EXCAVATA ..
INTERSTINCTA .
CHEMNITZIA RUFA .......
CHEMNITZIA SCALARIS...
CLYCHNA CYLINDRICA...
CLYCHNA OBTUSA
PHASIANELLA PULLUS ..
ODEOSPIS SUBCARINATUS
TRUNCATELLA MONTAGUI
LINTON TUMIDUS ss. 5...:.
ANODONTA ANATINA ....
ANODONTA VENTRICOSA ,
ANODONTA CYGNEA ......
CYCUASUCORNEA fof chs
CMCLAS REVECUMATA «2.00.
CYcLAs DACUSTRIs......
CYCLAS GALICULATA ....
PISIDIUM AMNICUM .....
PISIDIUM CINEREUM.....
PisiDIUM PULCHELLUM ..
PISIDIUM PUSILLUM.....
ANCYLUS OBLONGUS.....
ANCYLUS FLUVIATILIS ...
PALUDINA LISTERI .....
PALUDINA VIVIPORA °,..
BITHYNIA VENTRICOSA ..
LIMNEUS STAGNATUS ....
LIMNEUS TRUNCATUS ....
LIMNEUS PALUSTRIS ....
LIMNEUS PEREGRA......
BITHYNIA VENTRICULUM..
NERITINA FLUVIALIS ....
PHYSA FONTINALIS,,....
PHYSA HYPERNORICUM.....
104
OD CO lO Ot Or OO OU GO bO
It OD
wns
ae Sah RR SOE apc ry Able IEC tee CL ee: 2b
[ AssEMBLY
VALVATA PISCINALIS) J. seme
PLANORBIS CORNEUS .4. -o eee
PLANORBIS MARGINATUS.... 17
PLANORBIS CARINATUS ..... D9
PLANORBIS VORTEX +. 4225 seule
PLANORBIS CONTORTUS |...9 7
PLANORBIS NAUTILUS). = 450
PLANORBIS’ NITIDENS |. 02 sey
PLANORBIS ALBUS 2... aoe
FLANORBIS SPIRORBIS...... 9
ASSINHA, SD. 2.220052) eae ueege 1
MELANTIA CONTORDA aoc 4
LIMNEA PEREGRA (fossil) .. 38
BITHYNIA ARTICULATA, do... i
VALVATA. PISCINALIS, do... 93D
ANCYLUS. FLUVIATIENS, 00) eee
HELIX POMATILA | Sopa eee
HELIX ASPERA .)..\0 eee eee
HELIX NEMORALIS, & varieties, 142
HELIX ARBUSTORUM 3255.4 olen
HELIX: PISANA (203. 0 ees ee
HELIX VIRGATA.S.. 7) See ao)
HELIX, SERICEA, 32.25 ee
EGET TX PGi AG oe 5
HELix UMBILICATA ll. =. mee
Henrx ACULBATA..) 15 5eeaman
HELIX ERICETORUM .. 42-02
HELIX LAPICIDA (yy a5-eeeamlee
HEiix RUPIENS 0.3) 3 elg
HELrx CANDIANA® .- 02 eee
HELIX CARTHUSIANA.....-. 1
HELIX CAPERADA (2 og een eeeing
HeLIxX ROTUNDATA ........ 22
(Shi. MENIPIADWIN 25555565 D2
TEE X. EAU VeA oe 3
HELIX PULCHELUA 9) [ecg gene eas
AONITES CELLARIA:. =... eee
AONITES, PURUS «2. 2558 ae enc
LONITES AMARIA. 2. Saya eee
ZONITES CRYSTALLINUS..... 30
ZONITES) NITTDUS) 2. ee
ZONITES NITIDULUS 2S
BULIMUS ACUTUS. 24. 5 aes
BULIMUS OBSCURUS ........ 9
CLAUSILIA’ LAMINATA 22 30) geto
CLAUSILIA NIGRICANS... Jeo
CONOVULUS DENTICULATA .. 3)
CoNOVULUS BIDENTATUS.... 6
CYCLOSTOMA ELEGANS...... 8
FU A LUBRICATA ie in mele
BALBA FRAGIEIS soc. ee
MEP ATE Als ORI heer cee eae
SUCOINEA PUTRIS ).... msesala
SUCCINEA OBLONGUS ....... 3
ACHATINA ACIOULA .. 5.02. eeen
PUPA) BEGAN 00s. eee
No. 186.]
PupA MUSCORUM......
eURANCANG DE IGA. « ccscleinis 0 ¢
PUPA PYGMHA .......
Vy. LIST OF SHELLS FROM MR. CUMING, ENGLAND.
NAMES.
. 3 LINGULA ANATINA
eeeeese
. 2 TEREBRATULA AUSTRALIS ..
2 T—
SO 00 NI OTB G9 PO
bo
POLCHELLA,
RUBICUNDA
CAPUT-SERPENTIS .
92 ORBICULA LAMELLOSA ....
2 CRANIA PERSONATA oeceoee
10. 2 IsocaRDIA COMMUNIS.....
11. 1 Donax scortum
12. 1 AcHATINA ZEBRA ..
13. 1 A— KRAUSST So 8 fouSae
14. 1 A— LAMARCKIL -, ... <\s.-
15. 1 A— MARGINATA...e-.
16. 1 A— WUMTICAY 5 cyst arsi 1 eee
17. 1 BuLimus MAURITIANUM ...
18. 1 B— OGY A riehace bate
19. 1 B— RIE GTINVAR Mc iorcy uw ekehe
20. 2 B— METAFORMIS .....
21. 2 B— ISOCHIUI Se craic alate
22, 2 B— HYDROPHANA.....
23, 2 B— MIR ABIEIS| sec ot’
94, 1 B— BUMGENS is, aptiere ©
25. 1 B— BEEIPRER Tiss). aie
26. 1 B— PHILIPPENSIS.....-
27. 1 B— FULGETRUM......
28. 1 B— RUGOGASTER .....
29. 1 B— PYTHOGASTER ....
30. 1 B— REE VEL) ovace's Oats
31. 1 B— DAPHNIS: .)...060!33
32. 1 B— PAUNUS) 3 oh Qose
33. 2 B— MINDOROENSIS....
34. 1 B— ELECTRICUS....-
35. 1 B— CHR YSALIDIFORMIS,
36. 2 B— CONCINNUS ......
37. 2 B— PARTULOIDES.....
38. 1 B— LIGNARIUS.......
39. 1 B— DRYAS «.«, aaayarauee
40. 1 B— SYLYANUS .......-
| Assembly No. 186.]
105
9 PUPA UMBILICATA ......... i
3 CHARICHIUM MINIMUM ..... 5
Ds CAOME: EINE AT Ay... src cberolatslovaiers
LocALITIES. AUTHORS.
Philippines. Lamarck.
Australia. do
Sandwich islands. Sowerby.
New-Zealand. do
Do. do
Mediterranean, Sicily. Lamarck.
British. Linneus.
Peru. Broderip.
British. Keninghaus.
China. Reeve.
Cape of Good Hope. Linné.
East Coast of Africa. Lamarck.
Do. Reeve.
Do. Pfeiffer.
West Coast of Africa. Swainson.
Mauritius. Ferussac.
Venezuela. Pfeiffer.
Do. do
Meobamba. Ferussac.
Philippines. Sowerby.
Do. Pfeiffer.
Do. Sowerby.
Do. Ferussac.
Do. Sowerby.
Lo. Reeve.
Do. Pfeiffer.
Do. Broderip.
Do. Ferussac.
Do. do
Do. Broderip.
Do. do
Do. do
Do. do
Do. Reeve.
Do. Sowerby.
Do. do
Do. Broderip.
Do. Pfeiffer.
Do. Broderip.
Do. do
14
106
NAMES. LOCALITIES.
41, 2 BuLimus Luzonica....... Philippines.
42, -2 B— WOT Vartan cme nee Do.
43. 1 B— STMPEEX sc sents Do.
44, 1 B— PERVERSUS! soe Malacea.
45, 1 B— CUMBORIS 155560504 Philippines.
AV). 1), JSGRIEIDS OMAUIC Gs Gao oo boo 6 Do.
47. 1 H— RELG@ Ae uisuaniee mek Do.
48. 1 H— LAMARCKIANA Do.
49, 1 H— PIANC Wed ere aetiegtait 1s Do.
50. 1 H— VOUS SCAU IAM en Jee Do.
51. 2 H—— PULCHERRIMA.... Do.
ND Os Vel SEMIGRANOSA .... Do.
53. 2 H— LUZONICAMP Se... Do.
5A OE ZONIFERAKS tlie 8 Do.
DS), 2 al SPHERICAW AH beet Do.
56. 2 H— COCCOMELUS ,.... Do.
D7, Qe INTORDUS: § ¢sne os Do.
HO, 2 ei dos ard elas Naw: Do.
592) = ILLOCOENSIS ..... Do.
60. 2 H— Gos wanseawerscids Do..
Ole ake ANNULATA . elds Do.
62. 2) a= doy vanvien. anit Do.
3. 2 H— BALTEATA, var. .. Do.
64, 2 B= MORICAUDI ...... Do.
5) DE LISTMR Taek Osicee Do.
G10, 2 1g BOTA Yeti lh te Do,
7, ig BEGONIA) cn, Ses Do.
Os, 2 EI MARGINATA..., Do.
69, 2 H— SIREN AN JenGl) wie: Do.
TU PORPHYRIA .....- Do.
ly CADUCIOR, shtcae an Do.
12. 2 A= ZEBUENSIS ...2-- Do.
73. 1 H— VIRGO! sic crate Do.
ak, OE AMGENA.. ste .e tt Do.
To, 2B el MONTICULA ...... Do.
76. 1 H— XANTHOTRICA Do:
ieee MAI sao a Do.
Uy Ber ViUIDANIVA 2 os. cate Ceylon
9 Wet WP AUMON Bodo 5 : Do.
80. 1 H-— OSD? 4 An ae ohe Do.
Sl. ae BISTRIALIS, « «+ se’ Do.
82). Oya BERRONE AM races Do.
83. 1 CycLopHoRUS OCULIS-CAPRI, Java.
84; .21@2 BORNEENSE .....- Borneo.
oO), A Cas CEVLANICA. ... si Ceylon.
Some = SEMISULCATA..... Malacca.
87. 2 OpistHOPORUS BIROSTRE... Borneo.
Bo, BO TAYLORIANUS ...- Do.
89, 2 PrErocycLos TENUIPLICATUM, Do.
90. 1 CyvcnoTus DysoNI.......- Mexico
91. 2 C— INGA eke alae Venezuela.
92, 2 CycLosTomus CREPLINI. Madagascar.
93, DUTAR AC THIARELLA... 2... Seyschelles. i
94. 1 Zizipuinus AaNNULATUS ... Upper California.
| ASSEMBLY
AUTHORS.
Sowerby.
do
Jones.
Miller.
Reeve.
Valenciennes.
Pfeiffer.
eeve.
Broderip.
Ferussac.
Sowerby.
Gray.
Broderip.
Ferussac.
Miller.
Beck.
Pfeiffer.
Reeve.
Broderip.
do
Pfeiffer.
Sowerby.
Pfeiffer.
Broderip.
Miller.
Reeve.
Pfeiffer. .
Becks) |
Albers.
Gray.
Metcalf.
Sowerby.
do
Pfeiffer.
do
Metcalfe.
Pfeiffer.
D Orbigny.
Ferussac.
Linneus.
Martyn.
107
Locauirizs.
China.
Ceylon.
Philippines.
China.
Madagascar.
Philippines.
Britain.
Australia.
Kast Coast of Africa.
Straits of Magellan.
River Nile.
Sidney.
Philippines.
Do.
Malacca.
Ceylon.
. Philippines.
Do.
British.
Madeira.
Philippines.
Do.
British.
Philippines.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Australia.
Panama.
Malaeca.
West Africa.
No. 186. |
NAMES.
95. 1 GuI“pFoRDIA IMPERIALIS ..
96. 1 Murex PALMA-ROSH .....
97. 1 M— MARTYNIANUS....
98. 1 M— SINENSIS: aalomucictaee
99. 1 M— MICROPHYLLA....
100. 1 M— CUMINGIINre tease
101. 1 NepruNea IsLANDICA.....
102. 1 Teiron AUSTRALIS ..<...<
103. 1 PLEIODON ovVATUM .......
104. 1 Bissuretua Prova! ss eo.
105. A group of CaTapwRaGMus PoLYMERUs, Australia.
106. 1 AX THERIA SEMILUNATA....
107. 1 CLeIpoTHERUS CHAMOIDES:.
108. 2 CacetLa cUMINGII.......
109. 1 Conus NoctuRNUS.......
110. 2 C— LIGNARIUS: 00...
11. 1 C— TE XODUTER sts 98) ghee ae
112, 1 C— VERRICULUM .....
113. 1 C— NEMOCAMUS ......
114. 1 C— AINA TS Woes ee ale ale a
115) te WEANGUS So clos cess
116. 1 C— STERCUS-MUSCARUM,
117.-1 C— VEDA Siey/s eae, a\aiconces
ssf O— ERMINEUS ..:. 06
119. 1 C— CANOINICUS “64/5 stn
120. 1 C— SBEVATUS*, < abe c's «
121. 1 C— GUBERNATOR.....
122, 1 C— INCHTATINUS 8s fo sce
123. 1 C— MONILE . sith DO 4
124, 1 C— OUWAIRTAS Stevens: cise
125. 1 AMPULLARIA AMPULLACERA,
126. 1 CyTHEREA CHIONE .......
127. 1 Cassis nov. spec. ........
128. 1 OLiva ERYTHROSTOMA ....
129, 1 O— TREMOLINA ....-.
130. 1 Carpium acuLEATUM.....
131. 1 Mirra EpiscopaLis.......
132. 2 AmpHIPEPLIA CUMINGII....
133. 1 PEcTEN sENATORIUS......
Layee eee RADUPAR, AEH
Use 1b Pe GUIMTNG eres cys alles
136. 1 MarcInELLA c@@RULESCENS,
137. 1 M— QUINQUEPLICATA..
138. 1 M— GEABELEA,. .0 bere:
139. 1 M— GORINEVAY ass 5 sreveiere
140. 1 M— TUNE ATAU ERs ldeeran
AUTHORS.
Philippi.
Lamarck.
Reeve.
Sowerby.
Lamarck.
H, Adams.
Lamarck.
do
Swainson.
Lamarck.
Darwin.
Lamarck.
Stutchbury.
Lamarck.
Brugutere.
Reeve.
Linneus.
Reeve.
Bruguiere.
Martyn.
Lamarck.
do
Linneus.
Chemnitz.
Brugutere.
Linné.
Brugutere.
Chemnitz.
Bruguiere.
do
Linné.
do
Lamarck.
do
Linné.
Argenville,
Pfeiffer.
Gmelin.
Lamarck.
Reeve.
Lamarck.
do
do
do
do
With H. Cumrine’s compliments.
80 GowER-sTREET, BepFoRD Squarz, Lonpon.
duty 3, 1858.
108 [AssEMBLY
VI. DONATIONS FOR ECONOMIC GEOLOGY,
Messrs. B. & J. CARPENTER, of Lockport, Niagara county,
Contributed two specimens of the NIAGARA LIMESTONE.
Mr. HENRY LEWIS, of Utica, Oneida county :
TRENTON and BIRDSEYE LIMESTONE, a block of each.
Mr. A. A. BOYCE, of Utica, Oneida county :
ONEIDA CONGLOMERATE.
Mr. BENJAMIN, of Utica, Oneida county :
A slab of PortacE rock used for flagging, from Covert, Seneca county ;
and a block of CoRNIFEROUS LIMESTONE, from Cassville.
Mr. WILLIAM JONES, of Utica, Oneida county :
Two specimens of CLINTON ROCK, from his quarry in New-Hartford.
Mr. FREDERICK TUTTLE, of Clinton, Oneida county :
Specimen of [Ron ORE from the Clinton ore bed.
Hon. EDWIN DODGE, of Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county :
Iron ORE, from his ore bed.
R. B. HOWLAND, Esquire, of Cayuga county :
Gypsum from his quarries ; also SELENITE with crystals of SuLPHUR.
T. A. HOPKINS, Esquire, of Williamsville, Erie county :
HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE, from the Onondaga-salt group.
Mr. WENDEL FOGLESONGER, of Williamsville, Erie county :
ONONDAGA LIMESTONE. A
No. 186.] 109
Vil. MISCELLANEOUS.
From HORACK AVERILL, Esquire :
Specimens of Iron, Zinc, Copper, LEAD and SILVER oREs, from Mine
hill, Roxbury, Litchfield county, Connecticut.
From the Trustees or CortLtanp AcAapDEMY, Homer, Cortland county :
A large ELEPHANT’S TOOTH.
From Messrs. THOMAS COLE & JOHN A.SHARTS :
A live BANDED PROTEUS.
From BENJAMIN MARSH, Esquirg, of Albany :
Section of a Prrririrp Tree, from Arizonia.
From CoLtoneL M‘CHESNEY, of Troy, Rensselaer county :
Fossil teeth of the AMERICAN Hokst, found in Troy.
From W. V. MANLY, of Albany :
The jaws of a SHARK, and two Limuli.
From Mr. JAMES I. BARCLAY :
A slab of TRENTON LIMESTONE, with Leptena alternata, from Elk
county, Pennsylvania.
ASA W. DOUGLASS, Esquire, of Lockport, Niagara county,
Deposited in the State Cabinet, subject to his order, an Orthoceras an-
nulatum and a Lichas bolton.
The Regents are indebted to Professor Haskins, of Buffalo, for
his valuable services in assisting the Curator to collect fossils.
110 [ AssEMBLY
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON THE GENUS AMBONYCHIA.
Since the preceding pages were printed, I have been able, through
the kindness of Professor Sarrorp of Tennessee, to illustrate more
fully the hinge-structure of Ambonychia radiata. The accompanying
figure 1 shows the-hinge-line, the cardinal teeth ¢, and the lateral
teeth ¢¢. On the anterior side, the margin of the shell is sinuate for
the passage of the byssus b. The latter character is likewise more
distinctly shown in figure 2, which is an anterior view of the right
valve.
JAMES HALL.
ERRATA.
Page 10, note at bottom of page, for 1847, read 1857.
Page 14, note 4th line from bottom, for 1847, read 1857.
CONTENTS.
PacE
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, AND STANDING COMMITTEES..... 2
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS ...............000 cence eecseeees 3
Pepe Oe Nun © LIEGEOE NUD creyererereyc eleia « ne ois viaveveleye dig eine elaitve wieialeles site cusisealtyeletene 5
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PALAONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK, BY
eI BAAUVINERS os ELOACIENS /iyayes =. oye telahicva\ ove ai eustcreseletelcioreie ateis eve larsistciesclelsisy sicteveystavelevereioletateres a
Notice of the Ganera Ambonychia, Palearca and Megambonia ....... 8
Observations on the Genera Capulus, Pileopsis, Acroculia & Platyceras, 15
Observations on the Genera Platyostoma and Strophostylus........... 20
Observations on the Genus Nucleospira, etC..... 02.0... .eececcceecees 3
Ohseryanions onithiei Genus) Haroniai cei cia << ctelealc lone sidiciels sin oleiisreieele 34
Observations on the Genus Renssel@ria .......--.eceeeeececceccceces 38
Ohsenvations on the Genus Camanium 1... saviee cls csi «(em +e sleteeeiaee 42
NIGIES WOM Te Creme Coupon econaoonboaosennccadedunadooocdK 45
Trilobites of the Shales of the Hudson-river group .........--+.-e00. 59
Cotrected Catalogue of the Fossils described in the Paleontology of
ENG WIWOL Ke avoyos 5610) 0ieie:oi'etevera\ere\ o: oravovaiia.e\s/e) ails opelevs cuaiiey cieyeeseetNcueierme’ cis cveters 63
Fossils of the first volume ......... 65
Fossils of the second volume ...... 77
Fossils of the third volume ......., 93
Corrected List of Fossils described in the Report of the Fourth
Geolosicale Mistrict of New—YOnke cusses cielekeieiectoitereisicielerete 87
DONATIONS AND PURCHASES DURING THE YEAR 1858............. 97
1. Fossils from the Eocene Tertiary of Paris, presented by W.C.Jounson, 98
2. Fossils from England, presented by P. P. CARPENTER..........--2- 99
3. Fossils deposited in the State Cabinet by L. LinckLaEn........... 101
4. List of British Mollusca, purchased of P. P.CARPENTER .......... 102
5. List of Foreign Shells, presented by H. CUMING...........00+00-- 105
6. Donations for Economic Geology ........cecceeceecceeccceeeccees 108
7. Miscellaneous donations and items .........cceecsesecee ence 109 & 98
SuppLementary Note on THE Genus AMBONYCHIA, BY JAMES HALL........... 110
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