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THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

‘STATE OF NEW YEO Ke

[Ex-OFricio TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM. |

[oMmMIinrreED TO THE LEGISLATURE MAY 2, 1878.

ALBANY:
THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS.

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‘IN SENAT B&txrce.”

May 2, 1873.

TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

ON THE

STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, BY THE
ReoeN ts OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK:
Orrice OF THE REGENTS,
Arpany, May 2, 1878.

To the Hon. Jouy C. Rosrnson,
President of the Senate ;

Sir.—_I have the honor to transmit the Twenty-Sixth Annual
Report on the State Museum of Natural History, by the Regents
of the University.

I remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JOAN WN by BRUYN,
Chancellor of the Oniwersity.

EGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.

[Ze officio Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History.]

JOHN V.L. PRUYN, LL.D., CaAancector. |
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT, LL. D., Vicze-CHanceryor.

EX-OFFICIIS.
JOHN A. DIX, LL.D., GovERNorR.
JOHN C. ROBINSON, LiEvuTENANT-GOVERNOR.
G. HILTON SCRIBNER, SECRETARY OF STATE.
ABRAM B. WEAVER, SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

PROSPER M. WETMORE. ALEXANDER 8S. JOHNSON, LL.D.
ROBERT G. RANKIN. GEORGE W. CURTIS, LL.D.
GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL.D. WM. H. GOODWIN, D.D., LL.D.
LORENZO BURROWS. FRANCIS‘KERNAN, LL.D.
ROBERT S. HALE, LL.D. OSWALD OTTENDORFER.
ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH, LL.D. JOHN L. LEWIS.

J. CARSON BREVOORT. HORATIO G. WARNER, LL.D.
GEORGE R. PERKINS, LL.D. HENRY R. PIERSON.

MARTIN I. TOWNSEND.

SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, LL.D., SzcretTARy,
DANIEL J. PRATT, Assistant SECRETARY.

STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, SPECIALLY CHARGED WITH
THE CARE OF THE STATE MUSEUM.

1873.
THE GOVERNOR. MR. LEAVENWORTH.
THE SECRETARY OF STATE. MR. BREVOORT.
MR. CLINTON. MR. JOHNSON.
MR. PIERSON.

DIRECTOR OF THE STATE MUSEUM.
JAMES HALL, LL.D.

ASSISTANTS IN THE MUSEUM.
R. P. WHITFIELD, In GroLogy AND PAL ONTOLOGY,
J. A. LINTNER, ry Zoonoey.
CHARLES H. PECK, in Borany.
CHARLES E. HALL, Gmnerau Assistant.
CHARLES CALLAWAY, Spectra AssisTANT IN DISTRIBUTION.

my Reet Red:

To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New York:

The Regents of the University, as Trustees of the State Museum
of Natural History, respectfully submit this their Twenty-sixth
Annual Report:

The condition of the Museum in its collections and their arrange-
ment has been much improved during the last year. Valuable addi-
tions have been made, especially to the Zodlogical Department.
Among these are a group of the Buffalo (male, female and a calf), and
a male and female Elk—animals formerly inhabiting this State, but
not now found within its limits. These were killed, the former in
Nebraska, and the latter in Montana, and in size and beauty have
rarely been excelled. The Trustees of the Museum gladly availed
themselves of the opportunity of obtaining them, which will proba-
bly hereafter be rare. They were secured through Professor Ward,
of Rochester, whose skill in this line of work is most favorably |
known to naturalists. A skeleton of the Buffalo has also been
obtained, and that of the Elk is in the eourse of preparation.

The other additions, both by gift and purchase, appear in the cata-
logue hereto annexed.

The specimens in Mineralogy, nearly all of this State, are being
mounted, catalogued and re-arranged. This Department is receiving
the special attention of the Director, and it is confidently expected
that it will soon compare favorably with the other departments. It
ought to contain the best specimens of every mineral found in the
State. Several private collections are now offered for sale, the pur-
chase of which is very desirable, as they would add greatly to the
value and perfection of the collection. The want of means has alone
prevented the Trustees from obtaining them.

The report of the Botanist presents the most gratifying evidence
of his industry, and with the collections which he has made, embrac-
ing many species not before found in the State, constitutes a valuable
contribution to Botanical science.

vi TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.

The report of the Director exhibits the general condition of the
Museum. Appended to it are descriptions of the Bryozoa and Corals
of the Lower Helderberg Group. :

The visit of the Director during the past year te many of the
museums of Europe, will be of great value to his work in this
Museum. To his abilities and zeal and to that of his assistants, the
Trustees bear the most willing testimony.

Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Regents.

JOHN V) LS PRUE:
: | Chancellor.

REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

OO et

ny, pan ret eae

|
CONTENTS.
, PAGE
Muueeror ie Director ......................... Pa ataterta che stata uvthe aatapetsictoa tn: 5
Additions to the Museum during the NAST NIGH EM eg IER i aR i

List of Iron Ores in the Economic Collection of the N. Y. State Museum.... 27
Record of Borings of Gardner Oil Well No. 3, at Hast Shamburg, Pennsy1-

(LL ens Ieee duel ava svelievene apie inna ie sa ahs Cis oe ee are. oil

RMIT C220 NI ee A yee i uk i cata a? 93

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ies pyc santts Fees atghes tan te op Hatt. ‘i ‘anita 0
. f A * s wor : es . ‘ _ “ * eh . ' ’ - ‘?- ete, AN
5 Si aaa RES SS Lee Oi a eee a ae dene

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9 a Oe Se 2 ee Obs

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

Aupany, January, 1873.

To the Honorable the Board of Regents - the University of the
State of New York:

GentLemen.—I have the honor to men herewith the following
report upon the condition of the State Museum of Natural History,
with a brief statement of the additions made to the collections, and
the work done in the several departments.

The collections already arranged in the Museum are in good con-
dition, and I confidently expect that the rearrangement of the entire
mineralogical collection, already commenced, and of a portion of the
geological collection, will be completed within the ensuing year.

A’ list of additions to each of the departments will be found
appended to this report. :

ApDpDITIONS AND Donations to tHE Musrum.

The increase in the Zodlogical Department, by donation, has been
less than in some former years: The continuation of the series of
the Mollusca of Long Island, by Messrs. Sanderson Smith and
Temple Prime, requires especial notice and deserves our thanks.
Such collections of the local fauna are of far more importance than
all the miscellaneous collections which can be made. This collection
now numbers one hundred and twenty-one species, and is arranged
in the west end of the hall on the third floor, in a case especially
devoted to the /nvertebrata of the State of New York. ©

In the Botanical Department we have recorded ten contribu-
tors; and among the species of plants thus acquired are a consider-
able number which are new, and a larger number which are new to
the State. Appended to this report will be found a list of the
names, with the number of species sent by each contributor.

The special report of Mr. Peck in this department will present in
detail the result of his labors. The large number of species added
to the list shows very conclusively that we are far from possessing a
complete knowledge of our Flora, and offers a strong argument in
favor of the Patina of these investigations.

6 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusxEvum.

I have elsewhere communicated my views upen the necessity of
continuing this department, and also for a special increase of the
Museum appropriation to cover this subject and that of Entomology.

In the departments of Geology and Mineralogy we have received —
donations from sixteen individuals; a list of these specimens is
appended to this report. A collection of rocks, minerals and fossils, |
received from Mrs. Van Rensselaer, through Mr. T. L. Harison,
Secretary of the Agricultural Society, deserves especial notice. |

The additions in this department, by purchase and by field collec-
tions, will be noticed below. The collections in Geology, Mineralogy
and Paleontology have been greatly increased during the past year,
and the bulk or quantity of material acquired is greater than ever
before in a single year.

We have received donations to the Library from indawadinale and
societies to the number of twenty-two, and several important works
have been added by purchase. A list of these will be found accom-
panying the report. 4) if

The Lllustrations Conchyliologiques, by Chenu, purchased some
time since, have been bound in four large folio volumes, and placed
in the Library. Two other important works have been placed in
the Library, pending purchase, which is subject to the approval of
the Regents. 3 |

The Library is still quite in its infancy, and we greatly need more
of the current scientific publications; as well as ee standard
works on science.

A list of several miscellaneous objects presented to the Museum
will be found appended. |

Some relics of the late civil war, which were aohikannee in the
Simms’ collection purchased by the Legislature in 1870, and directed
to be sent to the State Museum, have been, by permission of the
Adjutant-General of the State, transferred to the Bureau of Military
Statistics, as a more apprepriate place for their custody. They are
represented in the Simms’ catalogue by the following numbers :.

35 124 165 191 209
49 Lop! i EB 192 219
65 146 172 204 219
67 147 173 205 aps
79 158 174 206 293
81 159 186 207 ° 298

103 161 187 208 239

LAT 162 188 208:

_ Report? or rue Drrecror. i

A duplicate list of these articles, with a receipt for the same, was
iven by Miss Elizabeth Dempsey, i in charge of the B. M.S%., and is
placed on file in the Museum.

Tur GEBHARD COLLECTION.

The Legislature ‘of the State, by an wprine penton of $3,500,
authorized the purchase of the collection of Mr. John Gebhard, of
Schoharie. This collection is mainly a local one, consisting chiefly
of the fossils of the Schoharie Valley formations; and the minerals
of the water-lime formations, and the calcareous minerals of the Scho-
harie caves.

There were also some specimens in Zodlogy which will be doe,
enumerated under the list.

The collection is contained’in one hundred and twelve (112) boxes
_and fifteen barrels. It will afford a large number of duplicate speci-
mens, which may be made available either in exchanges, or for the
collections contemplated for distribution.

It is on many accounts important that we have means provided

for arranging and labeling this collection, which will require much
time and labor. It is, moreover, important that this work be done
while I can supervise it, as there are no labels accompanying the
specimens; a general label on the outside of each box indicates a
formation only, while, in some instances, the box contains specimens
from two or more formations.
_ Some of the boxes of fossils have been opened to obtain specimens
for study and comparison, and other boxes to obtain the Ball’s Cave
specimens for exhibition in the cases. The contents of these boxes
not so appropriated have been ticketed (Gebhard coll.) and placed in
drawers in the back room, conveniently arranged for examination.

THe Van RenssELAER CoLuEctIon.

This collection of rocks, minerals and fossils was received at the
Museum in a bad condition, having been loosely placed in boxes
and barrels and- long exposed to the dust and dampness of a cellar.
The collection has been cleaned, and the specimens wrapped and
packed in twenty-one boxes, properly labeled and temporarily stored
-in the basement, awaiting the rearrangement of the miscellaneous
mineralogical collection of the Museum, when the better specimens
will be incorporated and the remainder set aside for distribution.
The fossils are chiefly European, and of Jurassic, Cretaceous and
Tertiary formations. ' |

8 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Unfortunately there are no labels of name or locality with the
minerals, and neither name, locality or formation with the fossils
and it will be only from knowledge of similar specimens of minerals
or of similar fossils that we can assign locality or formation.

With additional assistance in the Museum, we shall be able to dis-
tribute and arrange this collection during the present year.

Prep Work AND INVESTIGATIONS.

Mr. Andrew Sherwood has been pursuing his investigations along
the outcrop of the Catskill and Chemung groups, and collecting fossils
from both these formations. At the time of this wee his ibe t
of work done has not been received.

Messrs. G. B. Simpson and J. W. Hall have been tesmpaaseiie
employed in collecting fossils, chiefly Lamellibranchiata, from the
shales of the Hamilton group, in the eastern central portion of the
State. The collections thus acquired are of great importance both
to the Museum and for the Paleontology of the State.

Mr. Hicock, of Amsterdam, has likewise been temporarily employed
in collecting from the Trenton Limestone, with a view to supply
somé deficiencies in the Museum collections. Both in the Trenton
Limestone and Hudson River group, the Museum collections require
great improvement; but the process of collecting from these rocks is
slow and often very disappointing in the results.

I have already made a special communication to the Secretary of
the Board of Regents in regard to some important and valuable col-
lections from the Trenton Iauiestones 7

With the conclusion of Mr. Sherwood’s labors, I hope to be aki
to present a corrected geological map of the southern counties of the
State, which will materially aid in the construction of a revised
geological map of the State, which I heretofore proposed to prepare.

The Director is able to report, as collections made by himself, a
series of specimens illustrating a section of the beds composing the
Paris Basin ; fossils of the Devonian of Ferques in France; and of
Refrath in Gerdnanah collections, especially of corals, from the Wen-
lock Limestone, and some of she more characteristic fossils of the
Ludlow formation, from localities in England.

GENERAL WoRK OF THE Museum,

In December, 1871, the Commissioners of the Land Office autho-
rized the construction of certain new cases which had long been

ReEpPorRT or THE DIRECTOR. — 9

needed; and these were completed about the end of July, 1872.
Last year I had hoped to report these cases as completely occupied
before this time ; but my own ill-health, compelling a suspension of
work for a time, has prevented the completion of the rearrangement
proposed.

In the mean time I will here state what has been done towards
making use of our improved facilities.

The Herbarium has been transferred to the new cases provided for
it, together with the recent extensive collections of Fungi and Lichens,
made by the Botanist. The “Beck Collection” remains in its ori-
ginal case, while the vacated case will be appropriated to extra-limital
species, received through exchange or donation. The Herbarium
now embraces at least twice as many species as it numbered five
years ago, and is in a greatly improved condition. Many of the
flowering plants, which were indifferently represented, have been
illustrated by better specimens. From the care taken in securing
the collection, it is believed to be now entirely free from insect
depredation. The value of the Herbarium is attested by the frequent
recourse to it by students for the purpose of determinations or study.
In the collections made by the Botanist there are large numbers of
duplicates, which, when labeled, will be highly valuable for exchange .
or for distribution to educational institutions; and many of these
being species first described by our Botanist, their value is thus
greatly enhanced. :

In the new case adjoining the Herbarium has been deposited
the Entomological collection of Mr. Lintner; this consists of above
five thousand specimens, carefully rashid and well preserved,
illustrative of the several orders of the Insect fauna of New York.
Of these the Lepidoptera are classified, and the greater portion accu-
rately labeled; affording facilities to students and institutions for
determination of their collections.

The special care which Botanical and Entomological collections
absolutely require for their proper preservation forbid that they
should be freely exposed to the thousands who frequent the Museum ;
but access to them may always be had by the student or apps stabil
visitor, upon application at the Director’s room.

Many of the new drawers in the back room have been appropriated
to the purposes for which they were designed. Twenty-eight deep
drawers have been occupied with dnplicatd botanical specimens.
That portion of the Pickett collection which has been opened and

10 Twenry-sixtH Report on THE Strate Museum.

not arranged for the collection, has been classified in seventeen
drawers. In other drawers have been placed the foreign minerals of
the Emmons’ collection, portion of the Simms’ collection, minerals
for distribution, contents of boxes left by former custodians and for
a long time stored in the basement, ete. These drawers (nearly
three hundred in number) afford excellent means for the convenient
arrangement of BEALE

First Floor.

- As very important additions have been made to the Paleontological
and Geological departments during the past year, changes in method
of arrangement became necessary. The addition of the four vertical
cases upon the north side will afford the means of a rearrangement
of all the Middle and Upper Silurian collections of the wall cases; a
change which has long been imperatively required. This reorgani-
zation will be accomplished in a few weeks, and before this report
will have been communicated to the Tedisleitiiee:

At the east end of the room a platform has been erected on which
is placed a fine series of the Gilboa collections of Psaronrus (fossil —
tree-ferns), consisting of a large mass of the root-bed, portions of six
trunks and specimens of the surrounding rock containing parts of the
stems. As now arranged, they present a very attractive display of
these interesting fossils.

Second Floor.

The necessity of extensive changes in the arrangement of this floor
has long been recognized, and only deferred in consideration of |
other requirements seemingly more imperative. The three areas
allotted to the large Mammalia proved too extensive for our means
of occupying them. That the unoccupied space might be used, a
plan was at first devised by which the Mammalian remains might
be concentrated in one central area, leaving ample surrounding
space for the additional cases which were to be brought into the
room. Accordingly the Mastodon skeleton was dismounted, and
that of the Megatherium and Megaceros brought to their assigned
positions, when it became evident that the conformation of the build-
ing presented insuperable objections to the proposed plan.

As the next best arrangement, this disposition of the large central
area was dispensed with; the fossil Elk (Megaceros) has been placed
in the western area with the Mastodon skeleton and all the remains of

Reporr or THE Dirucror. il

Mastodon and fossil Elephant belonging to the Museum. The casts
of the Megatherium and Schistopleurnm, with the head of the
Dinotherium, and the skull and tusks of the Mammoth (Alephas
ganesa) have been placed together in the eastern area. The cast of
the Mososaurus has been placed in one of the wall cases, where it can
be seen to much better advantage than in its former position ; the
other casts of fossils remain nearly as they were, in the wall cases.

This rearrangement of the larger and heavier material of the
Second Floor has left the central area free for table cases, and given
a larger amount of floor not previously well occupied. In this area
we have arranged a series of four cases containing the collections of
American Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. A second
series of four cases contains the collection of European fossils from
the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and later formations.

There still remains unoccupied three-fifths of this space for which
we have no proper cases; but for the present we shall occupy this
space with such cases as we have, some of which will be temporarily
filled with mineral specimens; and in others I propose to begin the
arrangement of a collection of fossils in zoological order, without
reference to geological age. Such a collection is essential to the
completion of the plan of the Museum originally proposed by me,
and will be of great interest and utility to the student.

The rearrangement of the mineral collection of the State, on this
floor, has been commenced and considerable progress made. For its
completion we need shelving and tablets in order to a proper display
of the collection.

Third Floor.

The Reigen collection of Mazatlan Mollusca has been rearranged
in a new case provided for it. The present case* has allowed the
removal of that portion of the collection heretofore contained in
drawers, aud its entire exhibition under glass. The adjustment of
the glass tablets, upon which the specimens are mounted, in a case
of different proportions from those to which they were originally
fitted, so as to present a proper generic and family grouping, involved
much labor. As now arranged, the collection offers to the ordinary
observer a more attractive appearance, and to the student a better
opportunity for study, than was possible in the separate cases. The

* This case contains sixty-seven square feet more than the table cases previously occupying the
same position.

12 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

order of arrangement adopted by Mr. Carpenter has been in every —
respect preserved, the collection being simply adapted to the larger
case. | |

The collection of New York Mollusca, which (exclusive of addi-
tional species contained in the suite below mentioned) embraces _
about one hundred and seventy of marine, land and fresh-water spe-
cies, has been transferred from drawers beneath the Gould shells, and
placed in the new case at the west end of the room. This case is
intended eventually for the Invertebrata of New York; at present
some of the Smithsonian contributions of shells will be arranged in
one portion of it. | :
_ The collection of Long Island Mollusca, types of the list of Messrs.
Smith and Prime, given in Vol. IX of “ Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York,’ the donation of which has been
-mentioned in the last report, has also been arranged in this ease,
where, in accordance with the very proper request of the donors, -
it will be kept as a distinct collection. The further contribution by
these gentlemen of additional species embraced in their list, an
acknowledgment of which appears in the present report, has also
been incorporated with the above,. thus increasing the number of
species to one hundred and twenty-one. I take pleasure in announc-
ing the promise of a similar collection of the Mollusca of Staten
Island, by Mr. Sanderson Smith, typical of his lists in the Annals of
the Lyceum.

A small number of New York Crustacea, taken from duplicate
alcoholic specimens of the Museum, with a few species recently
obtained, have been treated with preservative solutions, which it is
believed will permit of their permanent display as dry specimens.
In this condition they have been placed-in trays in the case of Inver-
tebrates, where their forms can be more easily comprehended than
when seen through the refraction of a fluid medium, and in the
unnatural position assumed in glass jars. |

Some Lepidopterous larvee have been prepared as a commencement
of a representation of the class of Insects; also a few of the Myrio- |
poda ; but these have not yet been placed on exhibition.

In the upright portion of the Invertebrate case, the alcoholic col-
lection of New York Fishes, removed from wall cases at the south
corner of the room, has been temporarily arranged. Its classification |
is that adopted by De Kay in his Zoélogy of New York. In this
case are also placed some fishes received from the Smithsonian Insti-

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 13

tution not belonging to the New York fauna, together with some
other contributions from foreign sources.

In the wall cases vacated by the removal of the fishes, and in the
large case at the east end of the room, the highly instructive collec-
tion of skeletons, recently prepared for the Museum by Prof. Ward,
of Rochester, has been arranged. It embraces twenty specimens
of Mammals, ten of Birds, eleven of Fishes, and nine of Reptiles—in
all fifty specimens, representing forty-five species in the New York
fauna. The present disposition of this collection is not a fully satis
factory one, but is as favorable as the means at our command will
permit. It is hoped that this valuable series may be hereafter mate-
rially extended until we have representatives of all the Mammals
mounted, and also of the other classes, in order to illustrate structure
and affinities.

PrRevtiminARy Work on Freip CoLuEctTIons.

During the past three years collections have been accumulating
from the field work of the Director and Assistants, which have not
been properly cared for; and as such collections would be compara-
tively valueless without proper marking and recording, additional
assistance has been employed for this work. At the present time
we have over 330 trays or drawers, of 20 x 24 inches, filled with
specimens which have been cleaned, assorted and ticketed; a large
part of the work having been done during the past year. There are
also more than 100 boxes of fossils, the greater part of which have
been cleaned, ticketed and repacked; the better specimens having
been selected for study in the paleontology, and arrangement in the
State Museum. There are still a considerable number of boxes of
specimens of our field collections which require to be cleaned, ticketed
and arranged after the manner of the others.

I have here enumerated the most important work done in and for
the Museum during the past year. The minor details, . requiring
daily attention and much time in such an institution, cannot be
recorded.

Suetvinc, Drawrrs AND Cases ADDED To THE Museum.

‘In order that the Regents of the University may have a more clear
conception of what has been done in the Museum since it was. placed
in the hands of the present Director, I will here enumerate the addz
tions in case and drawer space since that period. _

14 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

On the main floor, we have added in the hall 159 feet in length of
shelf room for the economic collection.

In the office room or Library the Botanical cases are of four temes

the capacity of 1866. The book-cases have more than five times
their former capacity.
In the south room, adjoining the Library, we have added ee
drawer cases of thirty-eight feet linear extent by eight feet high,
containing one thousand and sixty-two square feet of drawer area,
and cases of shelves for storing books, trays and material for use in
the Museum, of the capacity of three hundred and five cubic feet.

On the first floor, table cases for geological series, under glass, 351
square feet of area. |

Drawers under glass cases, 114 square feet of area. Cases added
to the Paleontological series, 129 square feet. | :

Vertical cases on north side of room, giving an area of glass front
of about 160 square feet. Shelves for economic collections, iron ores,
etc., eighty-nine feet length. Platform for fossil trunks of Psaronius,
thirty-three feet area. 3 |

On the second floor, we have added the old cases of the Mazatlan
collection from the floor above, making 120 feet area. Platform for
skulls and bones of the Mastodon, etc., forty-two feet area. We
have added vertical cases, giving 200 a of glass front, and also
added to the floor room 882 feet of area by closing two openings into
the room below. These two areas now give space for all ies
Mammal skeletons and casts of similar objects. ,

On the thord floor, we have replaced the Mazatlan cases by one
containing an area of 187 square feet, or sixty-seven square feet more
than the old one. We have the cases of the Gould collection of |
shells, 368 square feet area; drawers under these cases of 1,568
square feet area. Cases at west end of room for Invertebrata, 220
square feet area; drawers beneath these cases, 700 square feet. Shelf”
room for fishes, 1386 feet in length. Case at east end of room, 105
square feet area. On the north side four vertical cases, giving
an area of glass front ie square feet, for the collection of recent
radiata.

Within a few weeks nearly the whole of the space above men-
tioned, with the exception of the drawers, will be fully occupied; a
small area only in the Invertebrate case will remain.

The ‘drawers will be gradually filled as the collections shall be
arranged and distributed.

ReEeporT or THE DIRECTOR. — 15

In regard to the future, we have only a comparatively small space
on the second floor where new cases can be erected.

I believe the present arrangement and the proposed rearrangement
of some parts of the collections, already begun, will present them in
_as condensed a form as is practicable for a Museum, which must, in
some degree, be made acceptable as a popular resort.

An increase in the collections is a necessary condition of Shane
in the organization of the Museum ; and for some time to come these
additional collections must, for the most part, be consigned to drawers
or store-rooms. ‘These, however, can be made available for study, —
and can with great facility be transferred to cases for exhibition at
any future time. % 7
} I am, very respectfully,

- Your obedient servant,

JAMES HALL.

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ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR, 1872.

I. TO THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. —

I. By Donation.
From Hon. J. Lez Tucker, West Laurens, N. Y.

Tooth of horse (supposed by the donor to be fossil, but probably
recent).

From J. P. Tuomas, Supt. Albany Rural Cemetery.

Cygnus mansuetus (Domestic Swan) of Europe.

From Wau. Newcoms, Johnsonville, N. Y.

From Wm. Newcomp, M. D., Cornell University.

Anastoma ringens Lam., from the Tocantine District, Brazil.

From Trmpie Pris, New York.

Fifteen additional species (106 species previously reported) of the
suite of type specimens_of the Mollusca of Long Island, of the list
of Sanderson Smith and Temple Prime, given in the Annals of the
Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of N. Y., vol. 1X, 1870, viz. :

Me Sereg71d SMP. . 2.1... ee we Coney Island.
TO er ar See ee East Hampton.
suachera costaia Gould .......-...--.2+-.+-4 East Hampton.
Meee Lin... . 2. eo. ee ee ees Greenport.
Hulima oleacea Kurtz & Stimp................ Greenport.
Chemnitzia producia Stimp ........2-. 060. eee Greenport.
Chemnitzra bisuturalis Stimp..........-...-... Lloyd’s Harbor.
Metre PUSUNG BAY... 2... cee ccc ee ees Greenport.
Buconum plicosum Menke .....5......... 0005 Greenport.
Columbella Gouldiana Agas....... ccc cece eens Greenport.
Pleurotoma cinerum Kurtz & Stimp............ Greenport.

18 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Actewon punctostriata Stimp...............5. ... Lloyd’s Harbor.
Hela cellaria Mull. osc. va. ne lik eG an caer Astoria.
Ee UDe LOTILCULIE AYN cae, cick None Huntington.

Weriigo OUGTE Bays She Se el ew eee Centreport.

II. By Purchase.
From the Grpuarp CoLLEctIon.

Shell of Galapagos turtle (Zestudo elephantopus).

Carapace of snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina Schw.).

A pair of moose horns (Cervus alces Linn.).’

An elk horn (Cervus Canadensis).

Two pairs of horns of red deer (Cervus Virgeneanus Gmel.).

A horn of red deer imbedded in a tree trunk. |
Skull and horns of mountain sheep (Oves montana).

Skull and horns of common sheep (Ovés aves).

Vertebree and other bones of rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus Linn.).

Il. TO THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.

From Miss M. L. Wiuson, Buffalo, N. Y.
Hight species of Lichens.

From H. Gitiman, Detroit, Mich.
Three species Flowering Plants and two of rare Ferns.

From 8. N. Cowuszs, Otiseo, N. Y.
Two species of Flowering Plants, one of them new to the State.

From J. S. Merriam, New York city.
Six species of Plants, five of them new to the State.

From E. C. Hows, M. D., Yonkers, N. Y.
Six species of Plants, five new to the State.

From H. W. Youne, Aqueboque, L. I.
Nine species of Plants, four new to the State and six new to the
Herbarium. | \
From E. 8. Mittrr, Wading River, L. I.

Twenty-two species of Plants, three new to the State and five new
to the Herbarium,

ADDITIONS TO THE MuseEvum. | 19

From H. Witiry, New Bedford, Mass.

‘Twenty-six species of Lichens, seven of which are new to the State.

From W. R. Grrarp, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
F ourteen species of Fungi, twelve new to the State and five new
species.

From Hon. G. W. Crinron, Buffalo, N. Y.

Twenty-eight species of Plants, nearly all Fungi, and all new to the
State ; nine are new species.

mi 10 THE GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL
DEPARTMENTS.

I, By Donation.
From. Col. T. J. Parxer, Gowanda, N. Y.

Sandstone from the Chemung Group, ae Spirifera ver-
neu.
From L. W. Nicuots, Troy, N. Y., through T. L. Hartson.
Specimens of Luculites ovatus Say and of Cyprina——? from
Cretaceous beds on the Missouri river in Dakota.
From Cuaries Van Benruoysen, Albany, N. Y.
Infusible material resulting from the reduction of Split Rock Tron
Ore, taken from the Corning Blast Furnace in January, 1872.
From W. C. H. Suzerman, Newburgh, N. Y.
Polished Iron Ore (Slikensides), from the Forest-of-Dean Mine.

From Wm. H. Bogart, Aurora, N. Y.
Orthoceratites, from the Hamilton Group, Aurora, N. Y.

~ From Lous Bauuin, Albany, N. Y.

Calcareous tufa, from the Hartz mountains, near Elrich, Prussia..

From Brnys. Rurrner, Carlyle, Clinton Co., II.
Bloek Coal, from a deposit covering one thousand acres to the depth
of fourteen to twenty-one feet, in Lincoln county, Missouri.
From Mrs. Jerumiay Van Renssevarr, through T. L. Hartson, Esq.

A collection of Minerals, Rock Specimens, Fossils, ete., made by
Dr. Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. |

20 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From D. Mintuorn, Watertown, N. Y. —

Granites from quarries at Gouverneur, N. Y.

From Amasa J. Parker, Jr. Albany, N. Y.

Two blocks of cannel coal from Pennsylvania, containing plant
mains.

From Gero. R. Howe, N. Y. State Library. ©

Crystallized Pig-iron, from the Franklinite Iron Ore, Franklin far-
nace, Sussex county, N. J.

From Henry A. Homes, N. Y. State Library.

Feldspar, Shinnecock Hills, Suffolk county, N. Y.; Magnetite,
locality ¢ Red Oxide of Zinc; a concretion of singular form,
Arkansas; Spirifera, from Lower Carboniferous limestone ; a frag-
ment of Star-fish, from the Upper Silurian; Protaster Miltonn,
Herefordshire, England.

From N. M. Casn, Albany, N. Y.
Hematitic Iron Ore, from the Blair Mines, near Newton, N. J.

From the Enernerrs oF THE E. R. Brivee.
Surface Slate, from Ela’s quarry, Lisbon, Grafton Co., N. H.
Gneissoid Granite; Bed-rock from the Pier, New York side of the
Hast River bridge; blasted eighty-two feet below high water.
Plane of stratification in situ, about 70°.

From Watrrer Primer, Glenville, N. Y.

A stalagmitic aggregation of particles from the sawing of steel rails
at the Bessemer Works, Troy, N. Y.

II. By Purchase.

Sixty-nine specimens, in bottles, of rock formation and the accom-
panying oil, obtained at stated depths trom the surface to the bot-
tom (923 feet) of the Gardner well, No. 3, at Shamburg, Penn.
(See record accompanying this report.) pat

Ty Oe VEEL LIBRARY.
I. By Donation.
From the Socrery.

Sitzungs-Berichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in
Dresden. Nos. 7-12. July-December, 1871.

ADDITIONS To THE MuSsEvU™M. 21

From the Soctrrty.

Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Tome
XL, No. 4, 1867; Tome XLI, No. 4, 1868; Tome XLIII, Nos.

8et4, 1870; Tome XLIV, Nos. 1, 2, 3 et 4, 1871; Tome XLV,
No. 1, 1872. Moscou, 1867-72. 6 octavo pamph.

Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de
Moscou. Tome XIII, Livraison III. Moscou, 1871. Quarto
pamph. 3

From the Socterry.

Catalogue de la Bibliotheque de la Société Impériale des Sciences
Naturelles de Cherbourg. 1870. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 46.

From the Soctery.

Schriften der Koniglichen Physikalisch-okénomischen Gesellschaft
_ zu Konigsberg. Zehnter & Hilfter Jarhgangs, 1869, 1870. Quarto.

From the Avurnor, through Prof. Jamus Hatt.

I. Réapparition du genre Arethusina arr. (une planche).
Il. Faune Silurienne des Environs de Hof, en Baviére (une planche).
Par Joachim Barrande. Decembre, 1868. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 110.
Défense des.Colonies, III. Etude générale sur nos étages G—H
avec application spéciale aux environs de Hlubocep, pres Prague.
Par Joachim Barrande. Paris, Mars, 1865. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 367.

From the Aurgor, through J. C. Brevoorr.

Monographie des Poissons de Cuba compris dans la sous-famille des
Sparini. Par Felipe Poey. Salem, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp.
171-184 of Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of N. Y.

Genres des Poissons de la faune de Cuba appartenant 4 la famille
Prrow2. Par Felipe Poey. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 27-79 of Vol. X
of Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.

From the Socrrry.

Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de
L’Yonne. Années, 1871, 1872; 25° vol., 26° vol. Paris, 1872, 1873.

From the Soctzry.

Bericht iiber die Thatigkeit der St. Gallischen naturwissenschaft-
lichen Gesellschaft wahrend des Vereinsjahres, 1871-72. St.
Gallen, 1872.

92 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

From the AuTHoR.

Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks —
of the Mississippi valley. By James Hall. [From the Jour. Bost.
. Soe. Nat. Hist., January, 1861.] Pamph., 8vo., pp. 261-328, with
7 shaioeraphit! plates.

Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from invoutigeniens of the
Iowa Geological survey. Preliminary notice. By James Hall.
Albany, February, 1861. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 18.

Descriptions of some new species of Crinoidea and other Fossils
from the Lower Silurian strata of the age of the Hudson River
Group and Trenton Limestone. By James Hall. November,
1866. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 17, 2 plates. |

Descriptions of some new species of Fossils from the shales of the
Hudson River Group, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. By
James Hall. October, 1871. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 8, 2 plates.

Notes on some new or imperfectly known forms among the Bra-
chiopoda, ete. By James Hall. March, 1871. Reprinted with
Explanation of Figures, March, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 8 with a
plate.

Reply to a “Note on a Question of Priority.”” By James Hall.

- August, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 5. | ;

On the Silurians of the United States. By Prof. James Hall.
From the Geological Magazine [London], Vol. IX, No. 11.
November, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 4.

From the Autuors.

Descriptions of new species of Fossils from the vivinity of Lonis-
ville, Kentucky, and the Falls of Ohio, from the collection of Dr.
James Knapp, of Louisville. By James Hall and R. P. Whitfield.
May, 1872, June, 1872 (two papers). Pamph., 8vo., pp. 7,
pp. 18.

Descriptions of new species of Fossils from the Devonian rocks of
Iowa, with a preliminary note on the formations. By James Hall
and R. P. Whitfield. Albany, July, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 21,
plates 4.

From Hon. Ezra Cornett, Ithaca. N.Y.

The Cornell University Register, 1871-72. Ithaca, 1872. Pamph.,
12 mo., pp. 182.

ADDITIONS To THE MusEvum. ee ao

From T. L. Harison, Albany, Ny

Transactions of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society. Vol. XXX,
1870. Albany, 1872.

From the SmirusoniAn INstTITUTION.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, for the year 1870. Washington, 1871.

From Brig.-Gen. AtBurt J. Mryur, Chief Signal Officer, U.S. A.

Three copies of the tri-daily War Department Weather Map, and
three copies of the tri-daily Bulletin, for May 22d, 1872.

From Atrrep T. Turner, Boston, Mass.

fi aditor of Accounts’ Annual Report of the Receipts and Expendi-
tures of the City of Boston and the County of Suffolk. Hight
Volumes, for the following years: 1860-61, 1861-62, 1863-64,
1866-67, 1868-69, 1869-70, 1870-71, 1871-72.

From the Recents or tHE Universiry.
Catalogue of the New York State Library, 1872. Subject-Index
of the General Library. Albany, 1872.

Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Annual Reports of the Trustees of the
New York State Library. Albany, 1871 and 1872. Pamphlets.
Meteorological Observations made under instructions from the
Regents of the University at sundry stations in the State of New
York, from 1850 to 1863 inclusive. Prepared by Franklin B.

Hough. Albany, 1872. Quarto.

From the AvrHor.

Report of the Botanist [of the N. Y. State Museum]. Charles H.
Peck. Albany, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 111, plates 6.

From the AurHor.
Entomological Contributions. By J. A. Lintner. Albany, 1872.
Pamph., 8vo., pp. 90, plates 2.
Entomological Contributions, No. 2. By J. A. Lintner. Albany,
1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 66.

From Henry Gaturen, Albany, N. Y.

Annual Reports of the Comptroller of the State of New York for
the years 1865-1872. Hight pamphlets.

94 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE SIATE MUSEUM.

From the AvTHors.

Remarks on the Genera Trimerella, Dinobolus and Monomerella.
By Thomas Davidson, F. R. 8., F. G. S., ete., and William King,
Se. D. From the Geological Magazine [London], Vol. 1X, No. 10.
October, 1872. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 4.

From E. R. pe Travtverter, Directeur. :
Bulletin de la Jardin Impérial de Botanique, St. Pétersbourg.

Tome 1, 1871. Pamph., 8vo., pp. 164.

II. By Purchase. |

The American Journal of Science and Arts. New Haven, Conn.,
1872. Third Series. Vol. III, Nos. 18, 15, 16,17, 18; Vol. IV,
Nos. 20, 22, 23, 24.

The American Naturalist. Salem, Mass., 1872. Vol. VI.

United States Railroad and Mining Register. Philadelphia, 1872.
Vol. XVI. Folio.

Gazetteer of the State of New York. By Franklin B. Hough, A. M.,
M.D. Albany, 1872. 8vo.

Uber Cystideen eingeleitet durch die entwicklung der eigenthiim-
lichkeiten von Caryocrinus ornatus Say. von Leopold von Buch.
Berlin, 1845. Pamph. Quarto, pp. 28, plates 2.

Hssai sur le Systeme Silurien de L’Amerique Septentrionale. Par
F. de Castelnau. Paris, 1848. Quarto, pp. 56.

Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, publies par les Profes-
seurs-Administrateurs de cet Etablissement. Tomes 1-10. Paris,
1839-1861. 10 vols., quarto.

Nouvelles Archives du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, ete. Tomes,
1-7. Paris, 1865-1871. 7 vols., quarto. |
Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique
par Le Dr. J.C. Chenu. Paris, 1859 and 1862. 2 vols., octavo.
Traité de Paléontologie Végétale on la Flore du Monde Primitif
dans ses Rapports avec les Formations Geologiques et la Flora du
Monde Actuel, par W. Ph. Schimper. 3 vols. (one unpublished),

avec un Atlas de 100 Planches. Paris, 1869-1872. Quarto.

V. MISCELLANEOUS.
From T. R. Rawison, Albany, N. Y.

A portable foot-stove or fire-pan, formerly used in churches before
the introduction of heating apparatus.

ADDITIONS TO THE MuSEUM. 945

From Wm. J. McAtrinz, Albany, N. Y.
Sectional portion of a pine water-pipe, taken up from Broadway,
Albany, opposite the Delavan House, in a remarkable state of pre-

_ servation, after a burial of nearly one hundred years.

From Joun L. Coon, Albany, N. Y.
Piece of an Elm Tree which stood upon the site of the New Capitol
at Albany; and piece of a horse-chestnut tree which stood on the
present site of Geological and Agricultural Hall.

inte ne!

10.

11.

LIST OF IRON ORES IN THE ECONOMIC COLLECTION

OF THE N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 14x9x9 in. Smith Ore Bed,

Moriah, Essex county, N. Y..

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A mass, 18x7x12 in. Fort Ann, N. Y.,

near Comstock’s Landing. From Lewis H. Roe, Westport,
mY:

. Franklinite. A mass, 16x8x7 in. Essex county, N. J.

Donor unknown.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A mass, 16x12x15. New Bed, Moriah,

N. Y. From Sherman, Witherbee & Co.

. Magnetic Iron Ore, with Feldspar. A block, 17x8x8 in.

French Mountain, Warren county, N. Y. From J. L. & A.
Randall, Albany.

. Magnetic Iron Ore, with Feldspar. A block, 8x9x9 in. French

Mountain, Warren county, N. Y. From J. L. & A. Randall,
Albany.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 13x9x10in. Adirondack Mines,

Essex county, .N. Y.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 14x9x8in. Adirondack Mines,

Essex county, N. Y.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 15x4%x5in. Adirondack Mines,

Essex county, N. Y.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 9x5x8 in. Old Bed, Moriah,
Essex county, N. Y.

Hornblende, etc. A piece of veinstone, 12x10x15in. Cheever
Ore Bed, Port Henry, Essex county, N. Y. Collection of
Prof. James Hall.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

iis

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

26.

Gi a ie 8) Ban
t.792% hee a

TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 12x10x10 in. Locality and °

donor unknown.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 12x9x11in. Port Dunk, near
Fort Ann, N. Y. From Sanford R. Potter, Fort Edward,
N.Y: : ;

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 11x9x11 in. Port Dunk.
From Sanford R. Potter, Fort Edward, N. Y.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block,18x11x5in. Port Dunk. From
Sanford R. Potter, Fort Edward, N. Y.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 14x7x8in. Port Dunk. From |

Sanford R. Potter, Fort Edward, N. Y.

Banded Gneiss. A block, 15x7x13 in. Essex county, N. Y.

Collection of Prof. James Hall.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 8x6x6 in. Locality and donor
unknown. |

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 18x9x8in. Cheever Ore Bed,
Port Henry, N. Y. From,the Cheever Ore Bed Company.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A mass,17x11x9in. Locality and donor
unknown.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A mass, 13x9x8in. Locality and donor
unknown.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 18x6x10in. Old Bed, Moriah,
Essex county, N. Y. From Sherman, Witherbee & Co.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 11X7x7 in. Clinton county,
N. Y. From Hon. Smith M. Weed, Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Red Hematite. A block, 15x13x6 in. Clinton, Oneida
county, N. Y.

. Magnetic Iron Ore. A mass, 21x17x11in. From Thomas H.

Oram, Superintendent of Forest-of-Dean Iron Ore Company,
Fort Montgomery, Orange county, N. Y.

Polished Iron Ore. Slickensides. Two pieces, 15X12 and 13 x
10. Lake Superior Mine, Marquette county, Mich. From
Lewis H. Morgan, Rochester, N. Y.

91.

28.
29.
30.

dl.

33.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

List oF IRoNn ORES IN THE HCONOMIC COLLECTION. 99

Slate Iron Ore. A block, 10x3x10 in., with piece of accom-

panying rock, 15x12in. Lake Superior Mine, Mich. From
L. H. Morgan, Rochester, N. Y.

Specular Iron Ore. A block,19x5x11in. Washington Mine,
Lake Superior. From L. H. Morgan, Rochester, N. Y.

Granular Iron Ore. Two blocks, 18x6x11 and 9x3x7 in.
Lake Superior Mine, Mich. From L. H. Morgan.

Slate Iron Ore. Two blocks, 7x4x8 and 12x5x5in. Cham-
pion Mine, Marquette county, Mich. From L. H. Morgan.

Magnetic Granular Iron Ore. A mass, 15x11x11in. Wash-
ington Mine, Marquette county, Mich. From L. H. Morgan.

. Magnetic Granular Iron Ore. A block, 14x7x11 in. Cham-

pion Mine, Mich. From L. H. Morgan.

Silicious Iron Ore. A block, 22X13X17 in., striped with red
jasper, weighing about four hundred pounds. Marquette
county, Mich. Collection of Prof. James Hall, in 1870.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 9x9x8 in. Champion Mine,
Marquette county, Mich. Collection of Prof. James Hall,
1870. 7

Specular Iron Ore. A block, 16x8x5 in. Same locality and
vein as No. 34. Collection of Prof. James Hall, 1870.

Magnetic Iron Ore. <A block, 12x7X5 in. Cheever Bed,
Moriah, Essex county, N. Y. Collection of Prof. James Hall,
1873.

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 10x9x13in. Cheever Ore Bed,
Port Henry, Essex county, N. Y. From the Cheever Ore Bed
Company. |

Magnetic Iron Ore. A block, 10x6x5 in. Hussy and Howe
-Jron Mine, Ferrona, Clinton Co., N. Y. From Herman
Veeder, Agt.

Hematitic Iron Ore, with imbedded quartzite. A mass, 24x 8x7
in. Salisbury, Conn. From W. R. Whittlesey, Lakeville, Conn.

0. Hematitic Iron Ore. A mass,
donor unknown.

county, N. Y., four miles south of Moriah Corner

Eliphalet: Hall 0.

RECORD OF BORINGS OF GARDNER OIL WELL NO. 3
AT EAST SHAMBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

es seh
Surface rock pulverized, found in irregular masses of 1

ivom: one to 2 thousand pounds each.............. - 2
UO weenie, Sat, a tee ti cee as Da eed 3
16 50 Bluff sand-rock with crevices from 1 inch to 6 inches, 4
meer oe) 0... .... PP Ri GN Sy Mlapte a aitnn aretha ares 5
6660S ye). aha) e sealde sndaie ave mysy eed # STi aw bide 6
120 132 Blue sand-rock containing a heavy water-course..... 7
ope he en altemndew ds eatas NY. 8
195 199 A hard flint-shell, known astop of mountain sand.... 9
Sere MEGUNiain Sand-rock.. 2.1.0... eee ee ee ee 10
aie eio olaterock......... if Bb lke 3 San CEN Aue Race ea cal a 11
Sure cand-rock . 2... eee ee ts eee 12
le eas bg sci sin Coie oe dele fee's wlan t 13
I ga gee see 14
on a Sects eye so. store Sick, aire lejeim aig Vel ev oe we 15
ee MN NRG eras 16
ae BE TRESS, Sr gn an OUT Ronin ea i
hice a cn Phe) aac adie lems e wie ela ebJe aye ess 18
ia ral ical © bi stale otiiehageinin =fy Sop vymyng es #9 19
| I an ee Pr eects ie al ede iyo cc an eiark 20
ec sis ohn aah ares a ial MOE EY SPAS ke. 21
eh ia ee hated ie en wale edie dee ehed 22
430 465 Second sand-rock (cased well and shut off fresh water), 23
EE re Te Oa WL ae oe es 24
oor e's ks Sal ilenned oleae eos UPON bee 25
GN oni chr d aia leherare Avie Wielaren ele eg bale ees 26
IMT TRIE EL GATAC-LOCK © 5 oie. cin’s-are acc bie ‘a lerste viv'ela Sdve'e dee bee's 27
Ee as Pah oS ayia ba ols wis owes oletaeliene Rea, Mie are 28
Sees Giner Monday” ....0.0. 00.0 eee ee Be av A 29
a SCSI 2 a ee a re 30

32 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Barer: Ue Bere
800 8380 Fourth sand-rock. Lubricating oil rock. (See No.50), 31
B30) OBI Po Oo ia wos We oe a ea ee és Ge 32
S31. 884 Hard ehelle 05. Me ks eee ee 33
RBar BO Stee tee NUE CE See 34
BOT O08. Coe oleate set em a ila Rn hse ane
900 907 Fifth sand-rock. Yellow pebbles and slate......... 36
907) (921 “Do. Black oil rock. (Bottle No. 51)... 37
921 944. Slate. ie Se 38
944 945 Sixth sand-rock. Bl. slateand pebble. Green oilrock, 39
945 °948:.\Pebble tock. 20.010). a, Se 40
948-951 Do ec. ht, DE ee ee 41
Bt L953 = TN! Sia at sie Sie sudines on ne otasen vlaait, othe ala 49
Obd OST DO op 20T eR Ee 43
BO DOD ) TIO a cove cs aeacais dare eee acc re a ea 44
959 964 DO foie owes ake Sel Re ees 45
961 966 Doin y. ie Re 46
866.972 Gray. sand:toek.. uss Jiu es Coden oe. ee ae Co
O72) QBOODE ST Oa IE i EPL, Ce 48 —
944 980 Pebbles selected from 6th sand-rock............... 49

800 8380 Lubricating oil from 4th sand-rock. See No. 31.... 50
900 921 Black oil from 5th sand-rock. See Nos. 86 and 87.. 51
944 980 Green oil from 6th sand-rock See Nos. 39 to 48 ine. 52

The remainder of the specimens are from the Day
well at Shamburg, and are, with the exception of No.
69, all samples of 5th and 6th sand-rock. This is one
of the best sand-rocks in the oil regions, being of an
unusual thickness and coarseness. |

$63. 872 Fifth sand-roek . .,.54 ec. webs eae eu a ee 53
Oiled (an Oo ae hy EME ME arate i 54
Bhd 88d Slate: Gnkade ti ess Wann Ren ioobnetailem bree 55
$81. 888 Pebble shell, top of 6th sand-rock:......+...4-eeme . Ae
868 893 Gray sand-roek ..: oe. 6 oa va bois © ne 2
g8 800 "Pebble cece Oe in een em Sed. oe 58
BOO QOL DO. o oo alice oye bio wile wis. cco age eueba Sigler ieee ee 59
BOA GOCE DO! Sib eee Bled Raley aks Cord eae 60
DOK QU IDI ee Gb ok bate ed ieee eb ue ae ce ee 61
Ob) 917: DO. ehcp ek dea ten eer ee eee ee 62

ReEcORD oF BORINGS OF GARDNER OIL Watt No. 8. 33

oe ut
IP a od bd bac eee 63
I oer Nose bc Ll ws ct alee Ss Se De ee oe ews 64
Ee ce OL aie Ae, kuee es Ce wee Geese ee ee 65
EET 2 SIE A ee a 66
I eh cies hs eo ek hb se ae ele 67
I ee oe eee ees stele ene vd eoe des 68
890 923 Sixth sand-rock from Walter Thompson’s well No.1, 69

on James McCray’s farm, Petrolenm Center, which
produced oil at the rate of 500 barrels per day for
one hundred consecutive days.

-REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.

_§. B. Wootworts, LL. D., |
Secretary of the Board of Regents of the Unwersity :

Srr.—Since the date of my last report, specimens of two hundred
and eighty-two species of plants have been mounted and placed in
the Herbarium of the State Museum of Natural History, of which
two hundred and sixty-seven were not before represented therein.
_ A list of the specimens mounted is marked (1).

‘Specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, Cayuga,
Columbia, Greene, Lewis, Delaware, Onondaga,. Otsego, Rensselaer,
Ulster, Schoharie and Wayne. These represent two hundred and
sixteen species new to the Herbarium and one hundred and four
species new to science. The latter are all fungi. A list of the
species collected is marked (2). It will be seen that this list is but
little less than the corresponding one of the preceding year, while
the number of new species detected is even greater. These results, I
apprehend, are entirely due to the character of the season just past,
it having been one unusually favorable to the production of tungoid
plants.

Specimens of forty-eight New York species, new to the Herbarium
and not among my collections of the past season, have been contrib-
uted or obtained by naming specimens for correspondents. These
_added to the collected species make the whole number of additions

two hundred and sixty-four. A list of the contributors and their

contributions is marked (8). ;

86 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Classified Tabular Statement. 2
ee
New to the New to

Herbarium. | Science.

Flowering plants ..... ie AL val Seen
Plants:colleeted «-/. 1 Tihene ||
UNG ee eee a ee , 210 104

Natale. cee ete. vii ak ae ta ae erie la | 216 “eat

( Flowering plants ..... pee EPs Ret.

Plants contributed.. 4 Tiehens vss oef tor | 22
Moms et eis Saree 25 7

WS alge eT iS ae ea te see 48 bo
Collected and contributed......... bal bata danas Me in 964° ee

New species with their descriptions, previously unreported species,
new stations of rare plants, etc., are given in a section marked (4).

The plan of making colored sketches of the fleshy fungi to accom-
pany the dried specimens has been continued. The number of spe-
cies and varieties figured is sixty-five.

It has been my purpose to test the edible qualities of the most
promising of our wild plants as opportunity might occur, and also to
prove by experiment those fungi already reported in books as edible.
Having found some thrifty young plants of the giant Solomon’s Seal,
Polygonatum giganteum, it occurred to me that they might be of some
value as an article of food. The succulent character of the plant and
its botanical relations suggested the mode of preparation for the
table. It was the same as that usually employed in the preparation

of the asparagus plant. As might have been expected, the flavor of —

the plant, when cooked, closely resembled that of asparagus. It
does not appear to me to be at all inferior to asparagus as an article
of food, and it only remains to determine whether it can be cultivated
with equal facility and profit before pronouncing this indigenous
plant to be of equal value with the introduced asparagus plant.

It is with pleasure that I record the vermilion Hygrophorus,

Hygrophorus mumiatus, as edible. It is a valuable addition to our

list of esculent species, as it has not hitherto been classed among

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 37

those fit for food. Having made trial of it, I do not hesitate to say
that in tenderness of substance and agreealleness of flavor it stands
in the first rank. The only thing that detracts from its value is its
small size, it being usually scarcely more than one inch in breadth,
though under favorable circumstances it sometimes attains a diame-
ter of three inches. Its bright red color and brittle substance make
it a fungus easily recognized. It is abundant in the North woods,
the favorite habitat of many of our valuable species. |

Among the culinary vegetables held in high esteem among the
Chinese, says Dr. Hance, is one called by them Aaw sun, or ‘cane
shoots,” which consists of the white solid base of the stem of a grass,
Hydropyrim latifolium, closely related to our Indian rice, Zizania
aquatica. Itis said by the writer to be one of the most agreeable
and nicest of vegetables, and to possess a peculiar richness and deli-
eacy of flavor. He also suggests an examination of our similar
American plant to see if it may not yield a similar valuable product.

My investigations, instituted in accordance with this suggestion,
were not rewarded by the desired discovery. The nearest approach
to it that was found is a tender white basal part in the young
offshoots or suckers of the main stem. This tender portion is pala-
table, and, like its Chinese relative, bears some resemblance in its
flavor to boiled green corn, but the quantity produced is too insig-
nificant to be of any value. The main stems are fibrous and hollow
to the base.

Having had occasion to visit the celebrated Montezuma marshes
in quest of botanical specimens, I could not view with indifference
the enormous growth of Inxuriant herbaceous vegetation that covered
this extensive area of marsh land. Rushes and sedges, reed-grasses
and flags, from six to ten feet high, and that too in dense, wide-
spreading patches, could not fail to impress the mind with the belief
that the capacity of the soil of these marshes for the production of
plants is truly wonderful. Enriched as it has been by the deposition
of ages and by the decay of crop after crop of marsh vegetation, its
present productions are an indication that there lie stored up here
elements of wealth more precious than mines of gold. The simple
question is, how can they be made available? Ifthe or dinary method
of ether is not practicable, might not a‘system of dyking and
siphon drainage be adopted with advantage? If no system of drain-
age can be made profitable, and we must wait for the siow processes
of nature to bring about the desired result, may not more that is

88 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT on THE SratE Musevm.

valuable be secured from the marsh even in its present condition
than is now obtained? It is true, some of the firmer places are used
as pasture ground for cattle, some of the finer sorts of sedges and
grasses are cut and shipped to the New York market to be used as
bedding for horses, and a large supply of flag leaves is annually
gathered. But in all these ways an extremely small part of the pro-
duce of the marshes is utilized. So very many tons of rank vegeta-
tion are annually left to rot on the ground that it seems almost
wasteful. I would suggest the propriety of instituting a series of
experiments with a view to establish the value of some of the grasses

which constitute such a large part of the vegetation of the marsh.

Kspecially promising are the Indian rice, Zezania aquatica, and the
reed-grass, Phragmites communis. These might be found, if cut
early, to be equal or even superior in value to corn fodder, and the
seeds of the former are almost sure to be a good grain for the tatten-
ing of fowls. Having established the value of these grasses, it would
seem to be but a trifling matter to increase their quantity to such an
extent that they might be harvested with profit.

The unusual destruction of vegetation in some localities last winter,
and especially of hardy evergreens, has been a theme of considerable
comment. It is not my purpose to discuss the various theories that
have been advanced in explanation of the unusual occurrence, but
simply to record a few interesting cases that have fallen under my
own observation. :

In a certain locality, in the town of Sand Lake, there is a group of
young pines, some of the trees being red pine, Pinus resinosa, and
some white pine, Pznus strobus. None of the former were affected,
but the latter had many of their branchlets winter-killed, thus indi-
cating that the former is a more hardy tree than the latter.

The hilly region in the eastern part of Rensselaer county has for
many years furnished the Albany market with a plentiful supply of
wild blackberries, Rubus villosus, and wild raspberries, /?’ubus
strigosus. Last summer the crop of the former was an entire failure,
the briers being winter-killed, but of the latter there was an ordinary
yield, thus indicating that the raspberry is more hardy than the black-
berry.

A young white-pine, standing in an opening between two clumps
of trees, in such a position as to receive the full force of the strong
north-west winds, had many of its branchlets on this exposed side
killed, while those on the opposite side of the tree were comparatively

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. Reh

unharmed. This indication of the destructive agency of the cold
winds was not in other cases so clearly shown.

In some instances terminal twigs of hemlocks, Abies Canadensis,
had their leaves brown and discolored as if winter-killed, but the
twigs themselves retained their vitality and in June had commenced
to put forth new shoots as if nothing had happened. Grape-vines
supposed dead, in some cases sprouted at or near the roots and sent
up new shoots which grew with unparalleled vigor.

(1)

- SPECIES OF WHICH SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN MOUNTED.

Nor New tro toe Herparivm.
Claytonia Caroliniana Mz.
Cornus Canadensis Z.

Lappa off. var. tomentosa Gray.

Betula lutea Mz.
Acnidawcannabina Z.
Scirpus Torreyi Olney.
Equisetum palustre Z.

Phegopteris poly. var. multifida.

Agaricus arvensis Scheff’.
Clavaria juncea /7.
Pucecinia Peckiana Howe.
i, Waldsteiniz Curt.

z Ast. var. purpurascens.

Microsphera penicillata Zev.

M. Friesii var. castanea C.-P.

New To tHE HERBARIUM.

Sesuvium pentandrum £7/.
Pyrus communis ZL.
Lythrum alatum Pursh.
Utricularia striata Lec.

U. ~~ purpurea Wald.
Rumex Patientia Z.
Arceuthobium pusillum Px.
Spiranthes graminea Lindl.
Eleocharis Robbinsii Oakes.
Scirpus Clintonii Gray.
Rhynchospora macrostachya.

Dicranum palustre Bred.
Orthotrichum sordidum S. & L.
O. Peckii S. & L.

AO. pusillum J/ttten.

Leucodon julaceus Hedw.
Hypnum Peckii Awst.
Lejeunia hamatifolia Dumort.
Parmelia Borreri Zwrn.

ze, colpodes Ach.

| Placodium elegans Zk.

Theloschistes candelarius Z.
Gyalecta Pineti 7.

GC: cupularis Scher.
Pannaria nigra Vy.

sp tryptophylla Ach.
BP. crossophylla Tuck.

‘Lecanora rubina Vd.

L. Hageni Ach.

Biatora russula Mont.

B. decolorans Hoffm.
Rinodina ascociscana Tuck.
Myriangium Curtisii B. & YW.
Verrucaria rupestris Schrad.
Arthonia spectabilis /%ot.

A. lecideélla Vy.
Collema pulposum Ach.

©. eyrtaspes Z'uck.

C. pycnocarpum Vy.
Endocarpum arboreum Schw.

40 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Agaricus russuloides P&.
illinitus /’.
decorosus Pk.
multipunctus PA.
rutilans Scheff.
hordus #7.

virescens Pk.

fallax Pk.

sinopicus /7.
succosus P&.
myriadophyllus PA.
pelianthinus £7.
debilis Bull.
subceruleus Ph.
roseocandidus Pk.
roridus /7.
pterigenus 77.
olivarius P&.
gracillimus Weim.
albocrenulatus Pk.
Acericola Ph.
discolor Pk.
pallidomarginatus Pé.
putrigena B. & C.
saccharinophilus Pk.
hirtosquamulosus PA.
squamosus A’.
hiascens 27,
silvaticus Scheff.
Coprinus variegatus Pd.

P>> >>> >> b> b> b> b> bP b> bbb ebb bb bb bb

Hygrophorus chlorophanus LY.

Marasmius umbonatus P&.
M. semivelutipes Px.
M. languidus /7.
Lentinus hematopus Berk.
L. vulpinus 77,

L. tigrinus /7,

Boletus vermiculosus P2.
B, castaneus Bull.

B. affinis Pk.

B. separans Pk.

Boletus modestus P2.
Polyporus picipes P&.
Merulius lacrymans /7.
Hydnum strigosum Swartz.
Craterellus czespitosus Pk.
Thelephora pedicellata Schw.
Clavaria rufescens Scheff.
C. clavata Pk.
Tremella albida Huds.

E. colorata Pk.
Stereum frustulosum /7.
Corynites Ravenelii Berk.

_Cryptosporium Scirpi P&.

Gelatinosporium abietinum PA.
G. betulinum P&.
Spheeronema ceespitosum Pk.
S. truncatum /7.

a, minutissinum P&.

5. pallidum ser:
S. Magnolize Pz.

Acrospermum compressum Zode.

Spheropsis Platani PA.

S. linearis Pk. Q
Sr quercina P&. -

S... Perigarpii Pd.

8. Malorum Berk.

_Hendersonia Robinize West.

i. > Sambuct 2
Diplodia Lignicola P&.

D. _petiolaris Pe.

iD: valsoides Pk.

Darluca filam Cast.

Septoria salicina P&.

S. ochroleuca B. & C.

S. acerina Pk.

Ss. mirabilis P&.
Dinemasporium Graminum Lev.
1: Herbarum Cooke:
Micropera Drupacearum Zev.
Cheirospora botryospora F7.
Stilbospora Staphylese Schw.

a ah a le ee ee a ee ee

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. Al

Cytispora fugax /7.
me. chrysosperma /7.
~ Torula alnea P&.
Sporidesmium moriforme PA.
Reestelia aurantiaca Pk.
AXcidium Convallarize Schum.
AA. Gerardiz P&.
Ak. Calthe Grev.
AA. crassum Pers.

Uredo Ledicola Pk.

Gymnosporangium Juniperi £7.

G. clavipes C. & P.
Urocystis occulta Preuss.
U. pusilla C. & P.
Cystopus cubicus Sz.
Puecinia obtecta Pk.
arundinacea [edw.
linearis Pk.

Polygonorum Lk.
angustata P&.
Lychnidearum Lk.

variabilis Grev.
pulchella Ph.

Myrrhis Schw.
Prunorum Zk.

Menthe Pers.

Caricis DC.

Lobeliz Gerard.
romyces triquetra Cooke.
Euphorbie 0. & P.
Sparganii C. & P.
pyriformis Cooke.
Protomyces Erythronii Pz.
Gymnosporium arundinis Cd.
Stilbum tomentosum Schrad.
Atractium flammeum B. & R.
Fusarium lateritium WVees.
oe. ‘roseum Zk.
Ilosporium roseum F?.
Periconia Azaleze Pk.
‘Streptothrix abietina Pd.

Sa al

Macrosporium Chartarum PA.

Clasterisporium caricinum Schw.
C. pedunculatuin PA.
Oidium simile Berk.

©. monilioides /7.
Cladosporium epiphyllum ees.
Zygodesmus fuseus Cd.

Z. olivaceus BL. & C.
Ascophora Mucedo Tode.
Myrothecium Fungicola Pk.
Uncinula circinata C. & P.

U. Ampelopsidis P&.

iw macrospora Pk.

130 Clintonii P&.

U. flexuosa PA.
Microsphera diffusa C. & P.
extensa C. & P.

M densissima Schw.
M. Hedwigii Lev.
M. Dubyi Lev.
M
M.

holosericea Lev.

pulchra C. & P.
Spherotheca Castagnei Lev.
D. pruinosa 0. & P.
Podosphera biuncinata C. & P.

‘Erysiphe Martii Zé.

Eurotium Herbariorum Lé.
Onygena equina Pers.
Geoglossum simile P&.

G. glutinosum Pers.
Vibrissea Truncorum /7.
We lutea P&.

Peziza vesiculosa Bull.
lacerata C. & P.
subochracea (1. & P.
Resinee (7.

nigrella Pers.
theleboloides A. & S.
leucoloma feb.
badia Pers.

stercorea Pers.

eee ee re oe

49 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Peziza nivea F7.

an coronata Bull.

P. Kalmiz Pe.

i. Solenia PA.

P. vineta C. & P.
Helotium epiphyllum #7.
Bulgaria inquinans /7.
Patellaria indigotica C. & P.
Nodularia Acericola P&.
Cenangium seriatim Fr.

C. Cephalanthi Schw.
Dothidea Kalmize PA.

D. erystallophora B. & C.
Stictis radiata /7.

Rhytisma lineare P&.

Rk. Andromede /7.

Rhytisma [licis-Canadensis Schw.

Hysterium commune /7.

H. — petiolare £7.

EL. tortile Schw.

ET. ilicinum De Wot. -
Hypocrea gelatinosa /7.
Nectria inaurata B. & Br.
Torrubia ophioglossoides TZ’.
Xylaria filiformis A. & S.

Xx. acuta Pk.
Hypoxylon vernicosum Schw.
i, atropurpureum /7,

Melanconis elliptica Pé.
Diatrype discreta Schw.
Ds betulina Pd.

DNANDANDRARDDNNMNMNNRNRDAddddqq<q<

Diatrype Cercidicola B. & C.
Valsa Colliculus Wormsk.
ambiens /7.
stellulata “7.
thelebola 77.
quaternata 7.
truncata (1. & P.
Alni P&. °

Platani Schw.

heeria moriformis Zode.
Coptis Schw.
Petiolorum Schw.
Kalmiarum Schw.
Ramulicola P&.
lilacina Schw.
leucoplaca B. & L.
bombarda Batsch.
Vaccinicola Schw.
Fraxicola Schw.
salicella /7.

rubella Pers.
eccentrica O. & P.
hirsuta 47.
melanostyla /7.
Pezizula B. & C.
Siliemelle spleniata C. & P.
Venturia pulchella C. & P.
Ves orbicula C. & P.
V. compacta PA.

Hydrodictyon utriculatum a

Nostoe commune Vauweh.

a a ae

ee ee a Se

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST. 43

(2)
PLANTS COLLECTED NEW TO THE HERBARIUM.

_ Pyenanthemum pilosum WVuwitt. Agaricus Herbarum PA.
Asplenium montanum Weild. A. nephrodes B. & C.
Pannaria rubiginosa Ach. A. fulvotomentosus Pk.
Biatora rivulosa Ach. Ay stellatosporus Pk.
Verrucaria rupestris Schrad. A. cerasinus Ph.

_ Collema tenax Sw. Pe. eallistus P&.
Agaricus Friesii Lasch. A. .expansus P2.

A. — fuscosquameus PA. De coprinoides P&.
iM felinus Pers. A. bellulus P&.

A. oblitus PA. Ae geminellus Pk.
mS ponderosus Pk. AG discomorbidus P&.
A. rubicundus Pk. A. phyllogenus PA.
A. eestuans [7. A. diminutivus P2.
‘A. flavescens Pk. A. Howeanus P2.

A. __leucocephalus Arombh. Coprinus insignis P&.

A. laterarius Pk. Vc. angulatus PA.

A. lLimonium Pz. Cortinarius spheerosporus PA.
1. thujinus Pk. C. porphyropus A. & S.
A. fumidellus Pk. C. claricolor Fr. —
A. Hebeloma PA. C. longipes Pk.

A. lacunosus PA. C. lilacinus P&.

A. connexus Pk, C. modestus Pk.

a. albissimus Pk. v; Clintonianus Pk.
A. maculosus Pk. C.- torvus £7.

A. Truncicola Pk. C. lignarius Pk.

A. subzonalis Pk. C. _—_ nigrellus PA.

A. Gerardianus Pk. C. pulcher P&.

A. niger Schw. Lepista cinerascens Bul.
A. —conigenus Pers. . Paxillus strigosus Pk.
A. coloreus Pk. P. _ panuoides F7.

0 miratus Pk. Hygroph orus purus &.
A. echinipes Zasch. EH eburneus Bull.
A. rugosodiscus P&. Ei. Cossus 7.

A. . cyaneus Ph. H. _virgatulus P&.

A. — granularis Pk. HE. borealis P2.

A. byssisedus Pers. Lactarius regalis Pk.

A. _ fuseofolius Pk. L. Gerardii Pk.

A. foliomarginatus Pk. Russula consobrina F7.

44 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Russula sordida P&.
Marasminus Viticola B. & C.
M. cespitosus Pk. :
M. longipes P2.

M. glabellus PA.

M. — straminipes PA.
Panus strigosus B. & C.
Lenzites vialis Pé#.

Boletus piperatus Bull.

B. pallidus Frost.

B. chrysenteron /7.

ipe ampliporus Ph.
Polyporus griseus Pk.
ceruleoporus Pk.
flavidus P&.
splendens P4.
humilis Pé.
rhipidius Berk.
maculatus Pk.
aurantiacus /%.
eonchifer Schw.
ferrnginosus 17,‘
Armeniacus Berk.
sanguinolentus 7.
attenuatus P&.

: violaceus /7.
Hexagona carbonaria B. & C.
Cyclomyces Greenii Berk.
Hydnum confluens Pk.

EL ferruginosum /7.
Sistotrema confluens Pers.
Grandinia eoriaria P&.
Thelephora Willeyi Clinton.
Stereum tenerrinum B & R.
S. radiatum P&.
Corticium bicolor Pk.

C. leucothrix B. & C.
Clavaria fistulosa 77”.
Tremella frondosa /7.
Exobasidium Azalese Pk.
Be Andromedz Pk. —

HHH

Lycoperdon separans P&.

L. ° pedicellatum P&.
Aethalium Ferrincola Schw.
Spumaria alba DC.

Diderma crustaceum Pk.

iD Marize-Wilsoni Clinton.

D. farinaceum Ps.
Didymium connatum P24.
D. _—_furfuraceum /7.
D. farinaceum /7.

Physarum cespitosum Pk.
tr: pulcherripes P&.
Angioridium sinuosum (rev.
Craterium. leucocephalum Dztm.
C. obovatum PA. |
Stemonitis herbatica Pk-
Areyria nutans £7.

Trichia reniformis Pk.

Licea cylindrica 7.

Pericheena flavida P2.
Spheeronema Magnolie PA.
Pestalozzia Pezizoides De Wot.
Baetridium flavum “ze.
Uromyces Sparganii C. & P.
iw pyriformis Cooke.
Aicidium Lycopi Gerard,

AB. Hydrophylli P&.
Stilbum ramosum Pk.
Ceratium porioides A. & S.

C. hydnoideum A. & S.
Myrothecium Fungicola P&.
Helicoma Mulleri Cd.
Aspergillus glaueus Zh,

A. fuliginosus PA.
Polyactis fascicularis Cd.
Oidium fulvum Zh. ;
Fusisporium roseolum Steph.
Pilacre faginea B. & Br.
Mucor inequalis P&.
Microspheera Russellii Clinton. —

M. densissima Schw.

-Microsphera Dubyi Lev.

Elaphomyees granulatus 77.
Hysterium macrosporum Pk.

RRR

Torrubia capitata /7.
Hypocrea alutacea /7.

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST.

S
S viridicoma C. & P.
S mutans (1. & P.
spheeroides A. & S. S Semen C. & P.
-exaridum (. & P. S. subconica C. & P.
maculare /7. S. fuscella B. & Br.
angustatum A. & SN. S maculeformis Pers.
typhinum /7. S Sarmentorum /7.
S racemula C. & P.
M

assaria bufonia Zl. |

(3)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Miss M. L. Wuson, Buffalo, N. Y.

Usnea trichodea Ach. Lecanora Hageni Ach.
Alectoria Fremontii Tuck. Gyalecta Pineti F7.

Ramalina tenuis Zeck.

Buellia turgescens Vy.

Cladonia muscigena Scher. Strigula Feei Mont.

H. Gittman, Detroit, Mich.

Tanacetum Huronense Vuwtt. Aspidium Lonchitis Sw.
Anemone multifida DC. A. fragrans Sw.
Vaccinium myrtilloides Hook.

Hypomyees polyporinus Pk.

Erysiphe Euphorbie Pk. _ Nectria Ribis Tode.
- Peziza hesperidea C. & P. N. coccinea L7.
a subochracea C. & P. N. Celastri Schw.
P. .- lacerata C. & P. We balsamea C. & P.
Pe pevincta Cc P. a Apocyni P&.
P. Dehnii Radd. N. mycetophila Pk.
Fs assimilis C. & P. Diatrype platystoma Schw.
P. pulverulenta Ledert. BD bullata 27.
rE erocitincta B. & C. D. = Toccizeana De Wot.
:. violacea Pers. — D. moroides C. & P.
ime unicisa Pk. | Melanconis stilbostoma Zw.
-S albumina O. & P. . Valsa bicincta C. & P.
corrugata C. & P. Lophiostoma magnatum C. & P.
- Helotium rugipes P2. | L. turritum C. & P.
a8 macrosporum Pk. Eutypa Acharii 77.
H. thujinum P%.. Spheeria canescens Pers.
H. gracile C. & P. S. staphylina P2&.
H. Limonium C. & P. Desmodii P2.

46 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEvUm. —

S. N. Cowxszs, Otisco, N. Y.
Chenopodium polyspermum Z. | Panicum agrostoides Spreng.

J. S. Merriam, New York City.

Utricularia purpurea Walt.
AXcidium Uvularis Schw.
LE. Nesxeae Gerard.

Sesuvium pentandrum Z/J.
Helianthus angustifolius Z.
Hiracium murorum LZ.

E. C. Hows, M. D., Yonkers, N. Y.
Chara Hedwigii Ag.
C. hispida Z.
Delesseria Leprieurii dont.

Puccinia curtipes Howe.
Pestalozzia Pezizoides De JVot.
Uncinula spiralis B. & C.

H. W. Youne, Aquebogue, L. I.

Helianthus angustifolius Z. Rhynchospora nitens VaAl.
Utricularia resupinata Greene. Panicum amarum £/7/.

Scirpus debilis Push. Andropogon Virginicus Z. |
Cyperus Grayii Torr. Sparganium sim. v. androcladum.

Hypericum Canadense Z.

EK. S. Mitter, Wading River, L. I.

Reseda luteola Z. Utricularia minor Z.
Drosera filiformis Raf. Uw. resupinata Greene.
Galactia mollis Iz. UU: intermedia Hayne.
Desmodium levigatum DC. Rhynchospora nitens Vahd.
Potentilla recta Wadld. R. macrostachya Zorr.
Myriophyllum tenellum Bégel. Scirpus subterminalis Zorr.
M. amb. var. limosum Gr. Eleocharis rostellata Torr.
Oldenlandia glomerata Mz. E. melanocarpa Zorr.
Aster concolor Z. | Eragrostis poxoides Bu.
Tilia Am. var. pubescens Gr. ° | Eleusine Indica Gert.

Hypericum Can. var. major Gr. | Botrychium simplex Hitch.

H. Witty, New Bedford, Mass.

Cetraria Fendleri Z’uck. Lichina confinis Ag.

Sticta fuliginosa Ach. Synalissa phylliscina 7uck.
Pannaria Petersii Tuck. S. pheeococca Z'uck.

ee brunnea Sw. Biatora ostreata Hoff'm.

P. rubiginosa Ach. B. rub. var. inundata Fr.

Collema cladodes Tuck. Agyrium rufum Pers.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 47

- Buellia Elizee Z'uck.
B. alboatra Scher.

—=&B. vernicoma Z'uch.
‘Bi dyalita Ny.
B. myrmecina /7.

Lecanactis pr. var. chloroconia
Opegrapha demissa Z'uck.

Arthonia dispersa Vy.

Pais teediosa Vy.
Staurothele circinata Tuck.
Sagedia oxyspora Vy.

[ Tuck. | Verrucaria pinguicula Mass.

VE pyrenophora Ach.

W. R. Gerarp, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Nyctalis asterophora /7.
Puccinia Lobeliz Gerard.
AXcidium Nese Gerard.

A. = Lysimachiz LA.

LK. Clematitis Schw.
Uredo Caryophyllaceze Johnst.
Periconia calicioides 77.

Uncinula spiralis B. & C.

eo parvila Cd. 2

Peziza chrysoplithalma Gd.
Hypomyces Van Bruntianus Gd.
Xylaria Graminicola Gerard.
Lophium mytilinum /7.
Spheria Sarmentorum 7.

Hon. G. W. Crinton, Buffalo, N. Y.

Torilis anthriscus Gert.
Agaricus silvaticus Scheff’.
Polyporus Gordoniensis B. & Br.
Hexagona carbonaria B. & C.
Hydnum sulphureum Schw.
Thelephora Willeyi Clznton.
Diderma Marize-Wilsoni Clinton.
Phoma brunneotinctum B. & C.
Diplodia vulgaris Zev.

Excipula Equiseti P&.
Dinemasporium acerinum Px.
Bactridium flavum /ze.
AXcidium album Clinton.
Perenospora parasitica Pers.

* Seirosporium Mohrii Clinton in litt.

| Oidium megalosporum B. & C.
O

fulvum Zh.
Uncinula spiralis B. & C.
13% flexuosa Ph.
Microspheera Russellii Clanton.
M. Dubyi Lev.
Peziza hesperidea C. & P.
Bs theleboloides A. & S.
Colpoma juniperinum C1. & P.
* Seirosporium Mohrii Clinton.
Hypocrea contorta Schw.
Xylaria grandis Ph.
Valsa centripeta 77,
Massaria bufonia Zui.

Cups scattered, sessile, slightly concave, margined, black; asci clavate; paraphyses very slender,
filiform ; spores linear, nearly colorless, closely 25-35 septate, .004-.005 in. long.

Bark of trees. Hawaiilsland. Coll. H. Mann.

48 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

(CS |
PLANTS FOUND GROWING SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE STATE AND
NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
Porentitiua REcTA Willd.

Ridge near Wading River, Long Island. &. S. diller.

ToRILIS ANTHRISCUS Gort.

Buffalo. G. W. Clinton. Introduced.

HeELIANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L.

Salt marsh, Peconic river. HH. W. Young. New Lots, Long
Island. J. S. Merriam.

UtTrIcULARIA RESUPINATA (Greene.
Ponds, Wading River. Jiller, Young.

PycnaNTHEMUM PILosum /Vutt.
Near Savannah, Wayne county.

CHENOPODIUM POLYSPERMUM LL.
Brewerton, Onondaga county. S. WV. Cowles.

Roumex Encetmannti Ledeb.
Mouth of Peconic river, L. I. Young.

RauyncHospora nitens Vahl.

Wading River. Jfiller, Young.

Panicum amarum £7/.

Indian island at the mouth of Peconic river. Young.
Long Island seems to be the northern limit of several plants
having a southern range.

ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Welld.

Rocky precipices. New Paltz, Ulster county.

This is probably its most northern station, and at present its
only known iocality in the State. The credit of its discovery here
belongs, I believe, to Wr. H. Denslow.

Cuara uispipa ZL.

New Baltimore, Greene county. £. C. Howe. A single speci-
men.

Cuara Hepwiar Ag.
New Baltimore. Howe.

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 49

~Panwarta Perersn Z'uck.
Rocks. Trenton Falls and Glen’s Falls. A. Welley.

_ PANNARIA RUBIGINOSA Ach.
Trunks of trees. Shandaken, Ulster county.

CoLLEMA TENAX Sow.
Rocks. Helderberg mountains.

CoLLEMA oLADODES Z'wck.
Rocks. Trenton Falls. Welley.

Lroanora Hacent Ach.
Rocks. Niagara Falls. iss UM. L. Wilson.

GyatEcta Pineri Schrad.

Mossy ground. Arcade. Miss Wilson. Shawangunk moun-
tains. C. /. Austin. |

BIATORA RIVULOSA Ach.

Rocks and stones. Worcester, Otsego county. The specimens
are sterile. |

Buer.uia TuRGEscENS /Vy/.
Old wood. Buffalo. Mss Wilson.

LECANACTIS PREMNEA var. cHLoRoconIA Tuck.
Bark of hemlock trees. Ithaca. Wadley.

STAUROTHELE CIRCINATA Z7uch.
Rocks. Trenton Falls. Welley.

VERRUCARIA PINGUICULA Mass.
Rocks. Trenton Falls. Welley.

VERRUCARIA PYRENOPHORA Ach.
Rocks. Trenton Falls. Walley.

VERRUCARIA RUPESTRIS Schrad.
Rocks. Watkins’ Glen, Schuyler county.

Agaricus Fries Lasch.
Woods. Fort Edward. Howe. Worcester, Otsego county, and
Memphis, Onondaga county.
Our specimens do not agree strictly with the description of the
‘species. The stem is not scaly and the odor is scarcely perceptible

50 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

unless the plant be cut or wounded or until it is dried. The outer
or lower surface of the annulus is scaly.

Agaricus (Lepiora) ruscosquamevus Peck.*

Pileus hemispherical or convex, rough, with numerous erect
pointed blackish-brown scales; lamellz close, white, free; stem
equal, thickened at the base, hollow or stuffed with a cottony pith,
floccose, brown ; spores .0003 x .00014 of an inch.

Plant 2-3 inches high, pileus 1.5-2 inches broad, stem 3 lines
thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan, Lewis county. September.

- AGARicus FELINUS Pers.

Ground in woods. Croghan and North Elba. August and
September. |

He, in his Epicrisis, unites this species with Ag. clypeolarius,
and indeed in our specimens there is no external mark whereby the
one may be separated from the other except the darker color of
the scales in Ag. felinus. But this difference is so strongly sup-
ported by the much smaller spores (.00028 x .00016 in.) that I am
constrained to follow Persoon in considering this plant distinct
from Ag. clypeolarius. Ag. fuscosguameus may be separated from
it by its stouter habit, bulbous stem and more narrow spores.

Agaricus (Lepiora) opiitus Peck.

Pileus fleshy, convex or expanded, subumbonate, smooth or
obscurely squamose from the breaking up of the veil, viscid, alu-
taceous, inclining to tawny, the umbo generally darker; lamelle
crowded, free, whitish or yellowish, some of them forked ; stem
equal or slightly tapering upward, smooth at the top, floccose,
viscid, hollow or containing a cottony pith; annulus obsolete;
spores .00016 x .00012 in. |

Plant 2’-3’ high, pileus 2'-3’ broad, stem 3” thick.

Ground in frondose woods. Lowville, Lewis county. September.

Agaricus (ARMILLARIA) PoNDEROSUS Peck.

Pileus thick, compact, convex or subcampanulate, smooth, white
or yellowish, the naked margin strongly involute beneath the
slightly viscid persistent veil; lamellae crowded, narrow, slightly
emarginate, white inclining to cream color; stem stout subequal,
firm, solid, coated by the veil, colored like the pileus, white and
furfuraceous above the annulus; flesh white; spores nearly globose,
.00016 in. in diameter.

* The species to which the author’s name is appended have been published in the Bulletin e ae
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. I, pp. 41-72.

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST. 5L

Plant 4-6’ high, pileus 4’—6’ broad, stem about 1’ thick.

Ground in woods. Copake, Columbia county. October.

The veil for a long time conceals the lamellee and finally becomes
lacerated and adheres in shreds or fragments to the stem and mar-
gin of the pileus. )

Agaricus (TricHoLoma) ruBicunDus Peck.

Pileus convex, then expanded or ceutrally depressed, viscid,
slightly tomentose on the margin when young, smooth or some-
times with a few scales either on the disk or on the margin, red;
lamelle close, white becoming spotted with red, some of them
forked; stem firm, equal, solid, slightly pruinose, white often
stained with red ; spores .00028 x .00016 in.

Plant 3’-5’ high, pileus 3’—5’ broad, stem 6”—8” thick. |

Ground in woods. New Scotland, Albany county. October.

The plant is rarely cespitose. The thin cuticle is separable.
The color is suggestive of species of Russula.

Agaricus (TrRIicHoLoMA) FLAVESCENS Pech.

Pileus firm, convex, often irregular, dry, smooth, sometimes
cracking into minute scales on the disk, white or pale yellow,
‘minutely tomentose on the margin when young; lamelle close,
floccose on the edge, white or pale yellow; stem firm, solid, often
unequal, central or eccentric, colored like the pileus; spores sub-

globose, .0002 in. in diameter. |
Plant czespitose, 2-3’ high, pileus 2’-3’ broad, stem 4”—6” thick.
Old pine stumps. Bethlehem and North Greenbush. October.

Agaricus (Tricnoioma) tacunosus Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, dry, lacunose, densely furfuraceous,
bright goiden-yellow; lamelle subdistant, white, the interspaces
sometimes veiny; stem firm, solid, equal or slightly tapering
downwards, scaly or furfuraceous, colored like the pileus.

Plant 1—2' high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1” thick.

Fallen branches and decaying wood. Savannah. August.

The colors are well retained in the dried specimens. The Jacune
of the pileus give it a somewhat reticulated appéarance.

Agartovus (Tricnotoma) LaTerartus Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, sometimes slightly depressed in the
center, pruinose, whitish, the disk often tinged with red or brown,
the thin margin marked with slight subdistant, short, radiating
ridges ; lamella: narrow, crowded, white, prolonged in little decur-

59 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

rent Tines on the stem; stem nearly equal, solid, white; spores
globose, .00018 in. in diameter.

Plant 3-4 high, pileus 2’-4’ broad, stem 3’—5” thick.

Ground in woods. Worcester. July.

The ornamentation of the margin of the pileus is a convenient
mark of specific distinction. |

Agaricus (TricHoLoma) Limontum Pech.
Pileus thin, broadly convex or expanded, smooth, yellowish;
lamellee crowded, narrow, not forming decurrent lines on the stem,

lemon yellow; stem tapering downwards, smooth, striate, radi- —

cating.

Plant 3'-4’ high, pileus 2-3’ broad, stem 3"-4" thick. :
Ground in woods. Worcester and Croghan. July and Sep-
tember.

The lemon yellow color, especially distinct in the lamelle, and

the tapering root-like prolongation of the stem characterize this
species.

AGARICUS LEUCOCEPHALUS Arombh.

Ground in woods. Oroghan. September.
This plant is sometimes ceespitose. Its stem is nar rowed at the
base into a tapering root-like prolongation.

Agaricus (TRIcHOLOMA) FUMIDELLUS Peck.

Pileus convex, then expanded, subumbonate, smooth, moist,
dingy white or clay-color clouded with brown; lamellz close, sub-
ventricose, whitish; stem equal, smooth, solid, whitish; spores
.00018 x .00015 in. |

Plant 2’-3’ high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. New Scotland. October.

The disk is generally darker than the margin. The pileus
becomes paler in drying. The stem splits easily.

Agaricus (TricHotoma) tHusinus Peck. ;
Pileus convex or centrally depressed, smooth, hygrophanous,
pale alutaceous, the margin generally irregular, wavy or lobed;
lamelle crowded, thin, abruptly emarginate, alutaceous; stem
slightly thickened at the top, smooth, hollow, concolorous, whitish-
villous at the base.
Plant 2° high, pileus 2’ broad, stem 2°-3" thick.

Swampy ground, under arbor-vite, Zhuja occidentalis. Mem-
phis. August.

ReEpPorRT oF THE BoTANIST. 53

Agaricus (TricHotoma) Hesretoma Peck.

Pileus broadly conical or subcampanulate, obtuse, thin, hygro-
phanous, striatulate and brown, with a darker disk when moist,
grayish when dry; lamelle broad, rounded behind and deeply
emarginate, yellowish; stem equal, hollow, smooth, pallid; spores
.00028 x .00016 in.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 6" broad, stem scarcely 1" thick.

Ground in woods. Worcester. July. ;

This plant so closely resembles some species of the subgenus

Hebeloma in general appearance, that, in the absence of the spores,
it might easily be mistaken for a species of that subgenus.

Agaricus (CiirocysBe) connexus Peck.

Pileus thin, convex or expanded, subumbonate, clothed with a
minute appressed silkiness, white, the margin sometimes faintly
tinged with blue; lamelle crowded, narrow, white inclining to
yellowish ; stem equal or tapering downwards, solid, whitish.

Plant 2’-3’ high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 2” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. -‘September. |

The lamellz sometimes terminate rather abruptly and are not
strongly decurrent, hence it might easily be mistaken for a Tricho-
loma. The margin of the pileus is sometimes marked with slight

ridges asin Ag. laterarivus. The odor is weak but aromatic and
agreeable.

Agaricus (CiitocyBE) aLgisstmus Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, dry, smooth, soft, pure white;
lamelle close, short-decurrent, white, some of them forked at the
base; stem equal, smooth, solid, white.

Plant growing in rings, 2'-3' high, pileus 2’-3' broad, stem
2"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

The pure white color and soft texture is retained in the dried
specimens.

Agaricus (CiitocyBE) MacuLosus Peck.

Pileus convex, centrally depressed, smooth, marked with nume-
rous watery spots when moist, yellowish-white, with slight short
radiating ridges on the margin; lamelle crowded, narrow, long-
decurrent, pallid or yellowish, some of them forked; stem slightly
thickened at the base, smooth, stuffed or hollow, colored like the
pileus.

Plant 2-3' high, pileus 1.5’-2' broad, stem 2’-3" thick.

54 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Ground in woods. Croghan. September.
The watery spots of the pileus resemble those of Ag. marmoreus.
They often disappear as the plant becomes dry.

Agaricus (Ciirocysr) Truncicona Peck.

Pileus thin, firm, expanded or slightly depressed in the center, ©

smooth, dry, white; lamellee narrow, thin, crowded, adnate-decur-
rent; stem equal, stuffed, smooth, often eccentric and curved,
Wiitieh:

Plant 1’ high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1” chide

Trunks of frondose trees, apeciaily maples. Croghan. Sep-
tember. :

Agaricus (CLiTocyBE) supzonaLis Peck.

Pileus thin, centrally depressed or subinfundibuliform, marked
with two or three obscure zones, -with a slight appressed silkiness,
pale yellow; lamelle close, narrow, equally decurrent, some of
them forked, pallid or yellowish; stem equal, slightly fibrillose,
stuffed, pale yellow.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 2’-3' broad, stem 2'-4" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Agaricus (CLirocyBE) Grrarpianus Peck.

Pileus thin, funnel-form, hygrophanous, striatulate when moist,
brown, rough with scattered blackish points; lamelle decurrent,
close, a little paler than the pileus, some of them forked; stem
rather long, flexuous, smooth, stuffed, concolorous, white ak the
base.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem .5'-1" thick.

; Sphagnous marshes. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. New Paltz.
une.

This is related to Ag. ectypordes, but it is much more slender

and fragile, with a different habitat and without the fibrous radia-
ting lines on the pileus of that species.

AGARICUS NIGER Schw.
Decaying wood. Helderberg mountains.

Agaricus conicEnus Pers.
Fallen pine cones. Croghan and New Scotland. Sontember

Agaricus (CoLtyBiA) coLoreus Peck.
Pileus convex, subumbilicate, slightly fibrillose, hygrophanous,
yellow, sometimes tinged with red, the margin exceeding the

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 55

lamelle ; lamelle moderately close, emarginate, yellow ; stem
equal, smooth, hollow, sometimes eccentric, yellow.
Plant 1-2’ high, pileus 8-12" broad, stem 1" thick.
Decaying wood. Croghan. September.

Agartious (Mycrna) miratus Peck.

Pileus thin, campanulate, umbilicate, smooth, striate, cinereous ;
lamelle close, narrow, slightly uncinate, whitish; stem long, fili-
form, smooth, whitish, radicating, villous at the base.

Plant about 2° high, pileus 3-4" broad and high.

Among fallen leaves. Center, Albany county. October.

This species may be known by the umbilicate pileus and its long
striz which extend to the umbilicus.

AGARICUS ECHINIPES Lasch.
Fallen leaves. Center. Oct.

Agaricus (OMPHALIA) RUGosopiscus Peck. |
Pileus thin, convex, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous,
striatulate when moist, brown, rugulose-wrinkled on the disk, the
thin margin often wavy ; lamelle narrow, close, arcuate, decurrent,
white ; stem equal, short, smooth, hollow, often curved, whitish.
Plant 1'-1.5' high, pileus 6’-12" broad, stem .5" thick.
Rotten trunks in woods. Worcester and Croghan. July and
September. !

he pileus varies from umbilicate to slightly umbonate. The
odor and taste of radishes is sometimes perceptible.

Agaricus (Enrotoma) cyaneus Peck.

Pileus convex, dry, minutely scaly, brown or brownish-viola-
ceous ; lamellee whitish, then tinged with flesh-color ; stem equal
or slightly thickened at the base, hollow, scaly and violaceous
toward the top ; spores angular, .00033 x .00025 in.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 1'— 1.5’broad, stem 1° thick.

Decaying wood and old messy logs in woods. Pine Hill and

Worcester. June and July.
It is probable that the violaceous hue becomes obsolete with age.

Agarious (Piurevs) eranutaris Peck.

Pileus convex, then expanded, subumbonate, rugose-wrinkled,
sprinkled with minute blackish granules, varying in color from
yellow to brown; lamelle rather broad, close, ventricose, free,
whitish, then flesh-colored; stem equal, solid, pallid or brown,

56 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

usually paler at the top, velvety with a short close plush; spores
subglobose, about .0002 in. in diameter.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 1'—2' broad, stem 1"—2" thick.

Old logs in woods. Pine Hill and Worcester.

The granules form a sort of plush which is more dense on the

disk of the pileus and its wrinkles than on the margin. The spe-
cies is related to Ag. nanus, but is larger and has a different stem.

AGARICUS BYSSISEDUS Pers.
Rotten wood. Sterling, Cayuga county. see

Agaricus (LEpToniIA) FOLIOMARGINATUS Peck.

Pileus convex, umbilicate, scabrous on the disk, bluish-brown,
the disk a little darker; lamelle broad, subdistant, plane, whitish,
then flesh-colored, the edge entire and colored like the pileus;
stem smooth, equal, solid below, with a small cavity above, con-
colorous.

Plant 1'-2' high, pileus 6’-10" broad, stem .5” thick.

Ground and decaying wood in groves. Maryland, Otsego

county. July.
It is related to Ag. serrulatus.

Agaricus (NoLanEA) Fuscorotius Peck.

Pileus thin, conical or campanulate, papillate, smooth, hygyro-
phanous, Ade brown and striatulate when moist, asastale brown
and shining when dry ; lamelle ascending, rather close, narrowed
toward each end, brown; stem equal, stuffed, smooth, concolorous,
with a white mycelium at the base; spores irregular, nucleate,
.00033 x .00025 in.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 3’-6" broad, stem .5” thick.

In woods on old logs. Maryland. July.

Agaricus (CrePipotus) HeRBARUM 7. sp.

Pileus thin, at first resupinate, with the margin incurved, clothed
with white down, at length somewhat reflexed, less downy, the
thin margin spreading ; lamelle narrow, not crowded, diverging
from a naked lateral or eccentric point, white, then tawny ; spores
slightly curved, .00028 x .00014 in.

Pileus 2"—4" broad.

Dead stems of herbs. North Greenbush. October.
The pileus is attached by white, webby filaments.

Report or THE BoraNnist. mi 57
Agarious NEPHRODES B. & C.

Decaying wood. Worcester. July.
Our specimens are mostly spathulate, resembling in shape Ag.

petalordes.

AGARIOUS (CrEPIporvs) FULVOTOMENTOSUS 2. Sp.

Pileus dimidiate or reniform, sessile, clothed with numerous
small tomentose tawny scales ; Henle close, free, the edge white;
spores elliptical, .0003 x .0002 in.

Pileus about 1’ in diameter.

Decaying wood. Savannah. August.

Agartous (PHotioTa) cerasinus Peck.

Pileus broadly convex, smooth, hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon
when moist, yellow when dry; lamelle close, emarginate, yellow,
then cinnamon color ; stem solid, equal, often curved, furfuraceous
at the top; annulus slight, fugacious; flesh yellow; spores ellipti-
eal, rough, .0003 x .0002 in. |

Plant czespitose, 2'-4' high, pileus 2’-4’ broad, stem 2”-4" thick.

Old prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Sterling. August.

When fresh it has a strong amygdaline odor.

Agaricus (Hrsetoma) sterLatosporus Peck.

Pileus convex, dry, rough, with numerous squarrose or erect
scales, brown ; lamellz pallid, becoming brown; stem equal, scaly,
concolorous; spores subglobose, rough with little nodules, .0003 in.
in diameter.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

This plant bears a close resemblance to Ag. mutatus, but the
persistent scales and rough spores distinguish it.

Agaricus (Heprtoma) eriszoscaBrosts Peck.

Pileus hemispherical or convex, dry, rough with appressed fibres
and scales, cinereous, the margin whitish when young; lamelle
close, broad, whitish when young, then ochraceous-brown; stem
firm, equal or slightly tapering downward, solid, fibrillose or
slightly scaly, subconcolorous ; spores smooth, .00035 x .0002 in.

Plant gregarious, 1.5'—-2' high, pileus 6’—10" broad, stem 1’-1.5’
thick.

Ground in woods. Bethlehem. October.

58 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Agarious (Navcorta) BELLuULUS Peck.

Pileus thin, moist, convex, smooth, bright watery-cinnamon ;
lamelle crowded, narrow, emarginate, yellow, becoming darker
with age; stem equal, hollow, generally curved, smooth, reddish-
brown ; spores .0002 x .00014 in.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 6-12" broad.

Decaying hemlock trunks in woods. Lowville and Sandlake.
September. |

t is sometimes ceespitose. It is rare to find a specimen in which

the lamellie do not have a stained or spotted appearance as if bit-
ten by some small insect.

Agaricus (NavcortA) emmineLLus Peck.

Pileus convex, even, dry, firm, yellowish-red, the margin paler ;
lamelle crowded, emarginate, pale yellow; stem equal, smooth,
containing a white pith or a small cavity, colored like the pilens;
flesh white; spores .00033 x .0002 in.

Rotten wood. Croghan. September.

This plant is closely related to the preceding one, being of the
same size and habit, but differing in color and in the size of the

spores. As in that species the lamelle are spotted as if bitten by
insects.

Agaricus (Navcori4) piscomorsipus Peck.

' Pileus thin, convex or expanded, smooth, slightly viscid, reddish-
brown or dull chestnut color; lamelle narrow, crowded, minutely
serrulate, white or pallid, then brownish; stem equal, stuffed,
smooth, slightly mealy at the top, white; flesh white; spores
nucleate, .0004 x .00025 in. |

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 1'-1.5' broad, stem 1’—2’ thick.
Ground in woods. Croghan and Oopake. September and
October.

In the dried specimens the disk has a dark discolored appear-
ance as if beginning to decay, whence the specific name.

Agaricus (GaLERA) Expansus Peck.

Pileus submembranaceous, expanded or centrally depressed,
viscid, plicate-striate on the margin, brownish-ochre, sometimes |
tinged with yellow and pink hues; lamelle close, attached, ferru-
ginous; stem long, equal, hollow, slightly pruinose, faintly striate,
yellow ; spores .00045 x .00028 in.

Plant 3'-4' high, pileus 1’ broad, stem 1” thick.

Decaying wood. Sandlake and Memphis. August. |

REPoR1 oF THE BorANIST. 59

Aearious (GatERA) caLuistus Peck.

Pileus thin, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid, striatulate
on the margin, olivaceous or ochraceous, the umbo bright chestnut
color; lamellz thin, close, ventricose, attached to but easily sepa-
rating from the stem, yellowish, becoming bright ferruginous;
stem equal, hollow, pruinose, yellow; spores .00035 x .0002 in.

Plant 1'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem .5" thick.

Exsiccated water holes in swampy woods. Croghan. Sep-
tember. |

This is one of the prettiest Agarics known to me. In the dried |

specimens the lamellz are white on the edge and the pileus has
assumed a dull metallic green color.

Agaricus (Garr) coprrnomes Peck. :

Pileus membranaceous, soon expanded, often split on the mar-
gin, plicate-suicate to the small even disk, yellowish, inclining to
ochre; lamelle close, slightly rounded behind, concolorous; stem
equal, hollow, minutely hairy-pruinose, white; spores .00028 x
.0002 in.

Plant 1’ high, pileus 6” broad, stem .5° thick.

Grassy ground. Sterling. August.

The structure of the pileus is like that of some of the smaller
Coprini.

Ag@arious sitvaticus Scheff’.

Buffalo. Clinton. I have seen dried specimens only, but they
appear to belong to this species.

Agaricus (Psanuiora) pruinutivus Peck.

Pileus expanded or centrally depressed, sometimes with a slight
umbo, dry, alutaceous, the disk rosy-brown and spotted with small
appressed silky scales ; lamelle close, thin, free, ventricose, brown-
ish-pink, becoming black ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,
stuffed with a whitish pith or hollow, smooth, pallid; annulus thin,
persistent, white ; spores .0002 x .00015 in.

Plant 1.5'-2’ high, pileus 1'-1.5' broad, stem 1’-2" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Sometimes the whole pileus is colored reddish-brown. The flesh
is quite brittle.

Agartous (Srropnarta) Howranus Peck.
Pileus convex, then expanded, fragile, smooth, subumbonate,
yellowish ; lamellz close, thin, rounded behind, eroded on the

60 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

edge, whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown; -stem smooth, hollow,
slightly thickened at the base; annulus thin, fugacious, sometimes
adhering to the margin of the pileus ; flesh white; spores .00033 x
.0002 in. |

Plant 3—4' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 2’—4" thick.

Ground. Center. June.

The surface of the pileus sometimes cracks into areas. The

taste is bitter. The color of the spores is not a decided brown, and
the plant might, with almost equal .propriety, be referred to the
subgenus Pholiota.

Agaricus (HypHotoma) pHYLLogENts Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, sometimes slightly umbonate, hygrophanous,
reddish-brown when moist, alutaceous when dry; lamelle plane,
broad, close, brown, white on the edge; stem equal, fibrillose,
stuffed or hollow, spreading out at the base into a thin flat disk ;
spores pale-brown, subglobose, .0002 in. in diameter.

Plant 8"-12" high, pileus 2’-4" broad, stem .5° thick.

Fallen leaves in woods. Worcester. July.

This is a very small but distinct species, remarkable for the disk-

like base of the stem by which it is attached to the leaves on whic
it grows. .

Coprinus instants Peck.

Pileus campanulate, thin, sulcate-striate to the disk, grayish
fawn color, the smooth disk sometimes cracking into small areas or
scales ; lamella ascending, crowded ; stem hollow, slightly fibrillose,
striate, white; spores rough, .0004 x .00028 in.

Plant 4’'-5' high, pileus 2-3’ broad, stem 3" thick.

About the roots of trees in woods. Worcester. July.

The species is remarkable for its rough spores. In size and
general appearance it bears some resemblance to C. atramentarvus.

Coprinus ANGuLATUS Peck. |

Pileus submembranaceous, hemispherical or convex, plicate-sul-
cate, the disk smooth; lamelle subdistant, reaching the stem,
whitish, then black; stem equal, smooth, whitish; spores com-
pressed, angular, subovate, .0004 x .00033 in. |

Plant 1'-2' high, pileus 6’-12" broad, stem .5” thick.
In woods. Croghan. September.

The specific name has reference to the angular character of the

spores. These in shape have some resemblance to a very blunt
arrow-head, they being slightly excavated on each side of the base

“REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 61

and gradually narrowed toward the very obtuse apex. . This and
the preceding species are described from dried specimens, they
being respectively taken at the time of collecting for forms of
C. atramentarius and C. silvaticus.

Cortinarius (Myxactum) spH2Rosporvs Peck.

Pileus convex, smooth, very viscid, pale ochraceous; lamellz
close, nearly plane, slightly emarginate, whitish, then cinnamon;
stem tapering upward, solid, floccose, viscid, subconcolorous, white
at the top; flesh white; spores nearly globose, about .0003 in.
in diameter.

Plant 2-4’ high, pileus 2-3’ broad, stem 3’—5” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Cortinarius (PHLEGMAciuM) LoneirEs Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, slightly fibrillose, viscid, yellowish
or pale ochraceous ; lamellz close, plane, brownish-olivaceous, then
cinnamon ; stem long, slightly fibrillose, tapering upwards, whitish.

Plant 6 high, pileus 23’ broad, stem 4” thick.

Ground in wocds. Croghan. September.

CoRTINARIUS CLARICOLOR /7.
Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

CorTINARIUS POoRPHYROPUS A. &S.

Ground in woods. Copake. October.
This plant is readily known by the purplish or lilac tints it
assumes where bruised or wounded.

Cortinarius (Inotoma) tiLactnus Peck.

Pileus firm, hemispherical, then convex, minutely silky, lilac
color; lamellz close, lilac, then cinnamon; stem stout, bulbous,
silky-fibrillose, solid, whitish, tinged with lilac; spores nucleate,
.0004 x .00025 in.

Plant 4—5' high, pileus 3’ broad, stem 4’—6” thick.

Low mossy ground in woods. Croghan. September.

This is a rare but beautiful plant, allied to C. alboviolaceus, from
which it may be distinguished by its stouter habit, deeper color

and bulbous stem. In the young plant the bulb is much broader
than the undeveloped pileus that surmounts it.

Cortinarius (INotoma) Crintontanus Peck.
Pileus convex or expanded, with a few appressed silky fibrils,
reddish-brown, more or less tinged with gray; lamelle close, dull-

62 TWHNTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

violaceous, then cinnamon; stem solid, silky-fibrillose, tapering
upwards, concolorous, violaceous at the top; spores .0003 x .00025
in. |

Plant 2-3’ high, pileus 1—2' broad, stem 2’—3” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan and New Scotland. September
and October. |

Cortinarius (Inotoma) mopEstus Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, subfibrillose, even or slightly rugose-
wrinkled, alutaceous; lamellz close, nearly plane, pallid, then
cinnamon; stem bulbous, subfibrillose, hollow, or with a white
pith, concolorous; flesh white; spores .00033 x .00025 in.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 1'-1.5’ broad, stem 2” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

It is distinguished from the preceding species by its paler color,

more bulbous stem and by the entire absence of violaceous tints
in the lamellee. ;

Cortinarius (TELAMoNIA) Lignarius Peck.

Pileus smooth, hygrophanous, dark, watery-cinnamon when
moist, paler when dry; lamellz close, thin, concolorous, when
young concealed by the copious white webby veil; stem equal,
silky-fibrillose, hollow or with a whitish pith, subanuulate, with a
dense white mycelium at the base; spores .00028 x .0002 in.

Plant subceespitose, 1—2' high, pila "~12" broad, stem 1” thick.

Rotten wood. Catskill mountains. June.

CorTINARIUS ToRVUS 7. ,
Ground in woods. Maryland and Worcester. July.

Cortinarius (TELAMONIA) NIGRELLUS Peck.

Pileus at first conical, then convex or expanded, obtuse or sub-
umbonate, minutely silky, hygrophanous, blackish-chestnut when
moist, paler when dry; lamellee close, narrow, emarginate, brown-
ish-ochre, then cinnamon; stem subequal, silky-fibrillose, pallid,

often flexuous ; annulus slight, evanescent ; spores .00028 x .00016 _

in.

Plant 2-3’ high, pileus 1—2' broad, stem 2’—3” thick.

Mossy ground in woods. New Scotland. October.

When moist the pileus has the color of boiled chestnuts, when
dry, of fresh ones. The incurved margin of the young pileus is
whitened by the veil. The lamelle are darkest when young. The

' taste is unpleasant, resembling that of Ag. melleus.

:
|

Reporv oF THE BOTANIST. es
»'

Cortinarius (HycrocysBer) putcHER [eck.

Pileus conical, then broadly convex, umbonate, often irregular,
hygrophanons, ochraceous, shining and sometimes striatulate,
when moist, pale-ochraceous when dry ; lamelle subdistant, broad,
emarginate, uneven on the edge, ochraceous; stem equal, solid,
subflexuous, silky-fibrillose, whitish or pale ochraceous; spores
.00033 x .0002 in.

Plant gregarious, 2’ high, pileus 11.5’ broad, stem 1-2” thick.

Ground in wood. New Scotland. October.

LEPISTA CINERAsCENS (uli.

Ground in pine woods. Croghan. September.

Our specimens were scarcely mature and the margin of the
pileus shows no striations and therefore they are referred to this
species with some hesitation.

Paxitius stricosus Peck.

Pileus convex, or expanded, dry, brittle, strigose with scattered
stiff hairs, whitish; lamelle close, narrow, subdecurrent, whitish,
then pale cinnamon color, some of them forked; stem equal, solid,
pruinose, concolorous; spores brownish-ochre, subglobose, .00018
in. in diameter.

Plant 2’ high, pileus 1-1.5’ broad, stem 1”-1.5" thick.

Ground among fallen leaves in woods. Croghan. September.

The young plant might readily be taken for a species of Clito-
eybe. It is at best an aberrant species, midway between Lepista
and Paxillus, differing from the former in its highly colored spores
and from the latter in its distinct, not anastomosing, lamelle.
Owing to the very brittle character of the pileus the lamelle are
not easily separated from it. The hairs of the pileus are either
erect or appressed.

HyGRoPHoRUS PURUS 7. Sp.

Pure white and very fragile; pileus at first conical, then
expanded and cupulate from the recurving of the thin margin,
very viscid, often irregular; lamelle subdistant, broad, ventricose,
emarginate, with a slight decurrent tooth; stem smooth, subflexu-
ous, hollow, very viscid ; spores .0003 x .0002 in.

Plant 3-6’ high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stem 2’—8” thick.

Ground in open woods. Croghan. September.

It is related to H. ceraceus, but besides its different color it is
much more fragile.

64 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusxUM.

HycrornHorvus EBURNEUS Bull.

Ground in open woods. Bethlehem and North Greenbush.
October. | |
The whole plant is pure white wlien fresh, but in drying the
lamelle assume a cinnamon-brown hue. ; 3

Hye@rorxorvs cossus /”.

Ground in open woods. North Greenbush and New Scotland.
October.

The disk of the pileus is tinged with red or brown and the
lamellee retain their white color in the dried state.

HyGRoPHORUS VIRGATULUS 7. Sp.
Pileus convex or expanded, viscid when moist, minutely virgate
with innate blackish fibrils, whitish with a brownish disk; lamellee

distant, arcuate-decurrent, white; stem solid, viscid, equal or

tapering downwards, with a few small white floccose scales at the
top. |

Plant subceespitose, 2-4 high, pileus 1-2’ broad, stem 2’—3”
thick. |

Ground in open woods. North Greenbush. October.
The lamellee change color in drying as in H. eburneus.

HyGRoPHORUS BOREALIS 7. Sp.

Pileus thin, convex or expanded, smooth, moist, white, some-
times striatulate; lamelle arcuate-decurrent, distant, white; stem
smooth, equal or tapering downwards, stuffed, white. 2

Plant 2’ high, pileus 8’-12” broad, stem 1” thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan and Copake. . September and

October. : |
The species is related to HZ. nweus but the pileus is not viscid.

Lactarius REGALIS Peck.

Pileus convex, deeply depressed in the center, viscid when moist,
often corrugated on the margin, white tinged with yellow; lamel-
le close, decurrent, whitish, some of them forked at the base;
stem stout, short, equal, hollow, smooth ; taste acrid; milk sparse,
white, quickly changing to sulphur-yellow; spores .0008 in.

Plant 4-6’ high, pileus 4-6’ broad, stem 1’ thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September. ;

This interesting plant rivals Z. piperatus in size and closely
resembles it in general appearance; but the viscid pileus and
sparse milk quickly changing to yellow, as in L. chrysorrheus,

clearly distinguish it.

}

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 65

Lacrarius Grrarpu Peck.

Pileus expanded or centrally depressed, dry, rugose-wrinkled,
often with a minute umbo or papilla, sooty-brown, the thin spread-
ing margin sometimes wavy or irregular ; lamelle broad, distant,
decurrent, white, the interspaces uneven; stem equal, solid,
colored like the pileus; flesh and spores white; taste mild; milk
white, unchangeable.

Plant 3—5' high, pileus 2-4’ broad, stem 4’—6” thick.

Ground in woods and groves. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Albany
and Croghan. September.

In the color of the pileus and stem this species is like the large
form of L. fuliginosus, but its real relationship is with L. destans,

from which it is separated by its color and its longer equal stem,
characters which may prove to be only varietal.

Russua sorpipa Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, centrally depressed, dry, sordid white,
sometimes clouded with brown; lamelle close, white, some of
them forked; stem equal, solid, concolorous; spores globose,
0003 in.; taste acrid; flesh changing color when wounded,
becoming black or bluish-black.

Plant 4-5’ high, pileus 3—5’ broad, stem 6’-12” thick.

Ground under hemlock trees. Worcester. July.

It resembles Z. piperatus in general appearance. The whole
plant turns black in drying.

RussvuLa CONSOBRINA /7,

Ground in open woods. Davenport, Delaware county. Wor-
cester.

Our specimens are very variable in color, but the prevailing
hues are green, olivaceous and purple.

Nyorauis asteropuora J.
Decaying fungi. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. Mr. G. remarks that
thus far this plant has appeared each alternate season.
Marasmivs Viricora B. & C.

Fallen branches. Worcester. July.
This plant is not limited to grape vines in its habitat.

Marasmtvs casprrosus Peck.
Pileus fleshy, convex, even, brown with a lilac tint, the thin
margin exceeding the lamellee ; lamelle close, free, somewhat united
with each other at the stem, narrowed outwardly, white; stem

66 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

subequal, sometimes compressed at the top, stuffed or hollew,

pruinose.
Plant ceespitose, 1-2’ high, pileus 6-10" broad.

On a birch stump in woods. Richmondville, Schoharie county.

June.
Sometimes the pileus is irregular and the stem eccentric.

Marasmivs Ltonerpes Peck.

Pileus thin, convex, smooth, finely striate on the margin, tawny-
red; lamellee not crowded, attached, white; stem tall, straight,
equal, hollow, pruinose- ene radicating, brown or fawn
color, white at the top.

Plant 2-5’ high, pileus 4’-6” broad, stem .5” thick.

Among fallen leaves in woods. Savannah and Bethlehem.
August and October.

The tall, straight, slender stem is the characteristic feature of
this plant.

Marasmius GLABELLUs Peck.

Pileus membranaceous, convex, then expanded, distantly striate,
often uneven on the disk, dingy ochraceous; lamelle broad, dis-
tant, unequal, free, ventricose, whitish, the upper margin and the
interspaces venose; stem corneous, equal, smooth, hollow, shining,
reddish-brown or chestnut, whitish at the top, mycelio-thickened
at the base.

Plant 1-2’ high, pileus 6’-10” broad, stem .5” thick.

Fallen leaves in woods. Worcester and Croghan. July and
September.

The color of the pileus approaches that of J. oe but
it is generally paler and tinged with brown.

MaRrasMivs sTRAMINIPES Peck.

Pileus membranaceous, hemispherical or convex, smooth, striate,
whitish ; lamella distant, unequal, attached, white; stem corneous, —
smooth, shining, filiform, inserted, pale straw color. |

Plant 1'-2' high, pileus 1’-3” broad.

Fallen leaves of pitch pine, Pinus rigida. Center. October.

The pale yellow stem becomes pallid in the dry state and is
sometimes tinged with brown at the base. .

Panus strigosus LB. & C.
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Croghan. September.
It is remarkable for its large size and the dense hairy covering
of the pileus and stem.

Ps Th

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 67

Lenzires viauis Peck.

Pileus coriaceous, sessile, dimidiate or elongated, sometimes
confluent, obscurely zoned, subtomentose, brown or grayish-brown,
the margin cinereous; lamelle thin, abundantly anastomosing,
pallid, cinereous-pruinose on the edge when fresh.

Pileus 6’—12” broad.

Old railroad ties. North Greenbush and Center. October.

This is not as bright colored as ZL. sepzarza, nor so distinctly
zoned ; the lamelle are closer, thinner and more anastomosing,
forming pores toward the outer margin almost as in the genus
Polyporus. |

Botetus preeratus Bull.

Ground in open woods. Lowville and Bethlehem. September
and October.

Boietus CHRYSENTERON /7.

Ground in open woods. Worcester and Memphis. July and
August.

Boterus patuipvus Fost.

Pileus soft, viscid when moist, smooth, pale alutaceous ; tubes
plane, attached, sometimes slightly depressed around the stem,
small, subangular, pale yellow, slightly changing color when
wounded; stem subequal, smooth, solid, pallid; spores .00045 x
00022 in.

Plant 2—5' high, pileus 24’ broad, stem 4’—6” thick.

Ground in woods. North Greenbush. August.

It is allied to B. seaber, from which its plane yellowish tubes
and smooth stem will separate it.

Botervus ampuiporvs Peck.

Pileus broadly convex or expanded, sometimes slightly umbo-
nate, dry, squamulose-tomentose, pinkish-brown ; tubes convex,
attached or slightly decurrent, very large, angular, compound, yel-
low ; stem equal, solid, yellowish-brown, paler at the top and
marked by the decurrent walls of the tubes; flesh whitish tinged
with yellow, unchangeable ; spores pale ochraceous with a greenish
tinge, .00035 x .00016 in.

Plant 3-5’ high, pileus 3-4’ broad, stem 3’—6” thick.

Low mossy ground in woods. North Elba and Sandlake.

August and September.
Formerly I erroneously referred this plant to B. subtomento-

‘

68 ) TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

sus, from which it differs in its more tomentose pileus, larger
tubes, smaller spores and smoother stem.

PoLyporvs c#RULEoPoRus Peck.
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, subtomentose, moist or hygro-
phanous, brown; pores short, angular, decurrent, grayish-blue ;

stem central or eccentric, solid, colored like the pileus, sometimes —

tinged with the color of the pores; flesh white.
Plant gregarious or subcespitose, 2’ high, pileus 1—2' broad,
stem 2”—3” thick.
Moist shaded banks. Copake. October.
The peculiar color of the pores is a characteristic feature in this

species. It and the three following species belong to the section
Mesopus. |

Potyrorus eriszus Peck.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, often irregular, smooth or with
a minute appressed silkiness, dry, gray; pores small, short,

unequal, somewhat angular, pallid, the mouths white; stem cen-—

tral, thick, short, concolorous ; flesh pinkish-gray.
Plant 2’-3' high, pileus 3’—5’ broad, stem 6-10" thick.
Shaded banks, Copake. October.

The pores are ‘sometimes decurrent and the walls or dissepiments
are thickened on the edge.

Potyporus FLAviIDus Peck.
Pileus fleshy, tough, depressed or funnel-form, smooth, rarely a

little villous on the disk, zonate, yellow with darker bands, the

margin sometimes lobed and wavy ; pores short, minute, angular,
yellow; stem central, solid, slightly tapering downwards, smooth,
subconcolorous.
Plant 3’-5’ high, pileus 2’-4’ broad, stem 3’’—4” thick.
Ground in woods. Worcester. July.

PoLyPorvs SPLENDENS Peck.

Pileus thin, coriaceous, expanded, subumbilicate, slightly zonate,
silky, with close radiating fibers, shining, dark ferruginous when
moist, tawny ferruginous when dry, the margin deeply fimbriate ;
pores small, angular, short, subconcolorous; stem slender, equal,
tomentose, concolorous. |

Plant 1’ high, pileus 6’—10" broad, stem .5’—1” thick.

Much decayed stumps. Center. August.
This is smaller, thinner, brighter colored and more shining than

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ReEporRT OF THE BOTANIST. 69

P. perennis to which it is related. The pores are not at all decur-
rent and the pileus is nearly horizontal. The umbilicus, when
present, is very small.

Poryporvus HumiLis Peck.

-Pileus soft, smooth, spathulate, suborbicular or reniform, white ;
pores small, subrotund, white; stem lateral, thick, rather long,
externally soft and elastic, within firm, whitish, sometimes becom-
ing brown. 7

Plant 1-2’ high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem 2-3" thick.

Half buried sticks and branches in open woods. Sterling.
Angust.

The thick stem, with its soft spongy external coating and hard
rigid center, is a peculiar character.

Potyporvs ruipipius Berk.

Old logs and stumps in woods. Sterling. August.
Without an examination of the hymenium, this might easily be
taken tor Panus stipticus.

PoLYPoRUS MACULATUS 7. sp.

Pileus of a cheesy consistence, broad, flattened, sometimes con-
fluent, sessile or narrowed into a short stem, slightly uneven,
white or yellowish-white, marked with darker zones and watery
spots ; pores minute, subangular, short, whitish, sometimes tinged
with brown; flesh white.

Pileus 4’—6’ broad, 6’—8” thick.

Prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Worcester. July.

In texture and shape this species is related to P. sulphureus,
but the pores are smaller than in that species. The plants are

sometimes czspitose, sometimes single. ‘The spots in the dried
specimens have a smooth depressed appearance..

PoLyPoRvs AURANTIACUS 7. sp. |
Pileus soft, thin, sessile, dimidiate, sometimes confluent, fibrous-
tomentose, obscurely zoned, orange color; pores small, angular,
acute, unequal, at length lacerated, pallid inclining to orange;
flesh tinged with orange, obscurely zoned.
Pileus 1’—2’ broad, pores about 1” long.

Old logs in woods. Richmondville. July.
Related to P. biformis.

Potyrorvs concuirer Schw.
Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Lowville.

70 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

PouyPorvus FERRUGINOSUS 7.

Prostrate trunks of trees. Niagara Falls. Clinton. Sterling.
August. |
It sometimes spreads to the extent of several feet.

PoLtyPporvus VIOLACEUS /”. . a

Prostrate trunks of spruce trees, Abzes nigra. Croghan. Sep-
tember. |
Our specimens are somewhat doubtfully referred to this species.
They are not at all violet, but dark red or liver color. This in old
specimens changes to a tawny or cinnamon hue and the dissepi-

ments become thin. The plant has a white byssoid margin.

PoLyPorvs SANGUINOLENTUS 7,

Rotten logs in woods. Savannah and Croghan. August and
September.

Poxuyporus Gorpontensis B. & Br.
Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

Potyporus ArmeEntacus Berk. ae
Old railroad ties. North Greenbush. October.

Poyrorvs atrenvatus Pech. |
Resupinate, effused, very thin, separable from the matrix, pink-
ish-ochre, the margin whitish; pores minute, subrotund, with thin
acute dissepiments.

Prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Croghan. September.
The pores are scarcely visible to the naked eye.

Cyctomycres Green Berk.

Mossy bank by the side of an old wood road. Sterling. Augnst. -
A single specimen.

In our plant the pileus is top-shaped or obconic and not at all
undulated lobed or zoned, but we hesitate to characterize a new
species on the single specimen found and therefore refer it provi-
sionally as above.

HExAGONA CARBONARIA BD. & CO.

Decaying wood. Portage. Clinton. Worcester. July and
October.

Not without doubt are our specimens referred to this species.
Although agreeing in color with authenticated specimens received —
from Dr. Curtis, the pores are larger and the plant is not always
resupinate. |

Report or THE BoTANIST. fei

HyYDNUM CONFLUENS 1%. sp.
Pileus thin, tough, expanded or slightly depressed, sometimes
confluent, zouate, slightly fibrous-tomentose, hygrophanous, dark
brown when moist, drab brown when dry; spines slender, 1/2”
long, grayish-violet; stem short, surrounded below by a dense
mycelioid tomentum spores subglobose, .00012 in. in diameter.
Plant 2’—3' high, pileus 2’-3’ broad.

Hypnoum sutpuureum Schw.
Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

Hypnum FERRUGINOSUM /7.
Half buried sticks and stems of herbs. Center. October.

SIsTOTREMA CONFLUENS Pers.

Shaded banks. Copake. October.

In our specimens the pileus is not at all villous, but I am dis-
osed to regard our plant as nothing more than a smooth variety.
t is scarcely to be expected that a rigid agreement should always

be found to exist between our fungoid plants, modified as they
often are by local causes, and the brief descriptions too often
drawn up from dried specimens only or from these and the few
hasty notes of collectors. The describer, especially of our fleshy
species, ought also to be the collector and the observer of them in
their native haunts.

GRANDINIA corraARiIA Peck.

Effused, membranacevus-tomentose, separable from the matrix,
under side and margin tawny-yellow, upper side and minute
crowded granules greenish or dingy olivaceous; spores globose,
rough, .0003 in. in diameter.

Forming patches 1’—3’ in diameter on old scraps of leather in

damp places. Greenbush. August.
It is a very distinct but apparently a very rare species.

TaetepHora Witieyi Clinton.

Pileus infundibuliform, thin, smooth, obscurely zoned, white,
the margin entire or laciniately toothed and lobed; hymenium
smooth, concolorous; stem central, equal or slightly tapering
downwards, solid, white.

Plant 1’-1.5’ high, pileus 6-12” broad, stem .5’’-1"’ thick.

Ground in woods. Buffalo. Clinton. Lowville. September.

Sometimes the pileus is split on one side down to the stem.

The species is dedieated to Mr. H. Willey, a most active and
enthusiastic lichenist.

72 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

STEREUM TENERRIMUM BJ. & L.

Mossy ground. Indian Lake and Croghan. September and
October.

I have seen no description of this species, and depend, for the
correctness of the determination, upon a comparison of our speci-
mens with authenticated ones received from the late Dr. Curtis.

STEREUM RADIATUM Peck.

Rusupinate or slightly reflexed, suborbicular or effused, blackish-
brown ; hymenium uneven, marked with thick corrugations or
ridges radiating from the center, cinnamon color.

Old hemlock logs. Catskill mountains. June.

CorticiumM LEUCOTHRIX B. & C.
Under surface of pine chips. Bethlehem. October.

Corticrum Bicotor Peck. . bee
Thin, membranaceous, flaccid, smooth, separable from the
matrix, under surface greenish-yellow, upper surface white.
Rotten wood. Center. October.

CLAVARIA FisTuLosa L7.
Catskill mountains. October. A single specimen.

TREMELLA FRONDOSA 77.
Old stumps. Buffalo. Clnton. Savannah. August.

Exoxpasipiuom Azatem Peck.

Gall subglobose, often lobed or irregular, succulent, fleshy,
solid, smooth, pale green or glaucous, becoming pruinose ; spores
oblong, straight or curved, obscurely uniseptate, white, .0006—
.0008 in. long.

Terminal on living branches of the pinxter plant, Azalea nude-
flora, transforming the flower buds.

North Greenbush and New Scotland. May and June.

These fungus galls are usually from one to two inches in diame-
ter and appear cotemporaneously with the blossoms of the shrub
they inhabit. They are known in some localities by the name
‘May apples” and not being unpleasant to the taste they are
“sometimes eaten by voracious school boys. Upon attaining their
full size they soon become dusted by the white spores which are
borne upon the apices of minute filaments projecting slightly from
the whole surface of the gall.

|
:
i
7

: Report or THE BorAanistv. 73

Exozsasipiuom AnpromED& Peck.

Gall usually flattened or somewhat cup-shaped, more or less
lobed, hollow, the cavity containing shreds of loose soft cottony
filaments, smooth, pale green or green varied with red, paler and
pruinose with age; spores narrow, oblong, simple, often curved
near one end, white, .0007-.0009 in. long. |

Lateral or rarely terminal on living branches of Andromeda
lagustrina, transforming the leaf buds. Center. May and June.

Sometimes the dried blackened galls of the preceding year are
found adhering to the branches in company with the new crop.
The loose shreddy substance contained in the cavity of the gall is
found by microscopic examination to be composed entirely of
coarse irregular jointed filaments.

Smaller but similar galls have been seen on a species of Vacci-
nium at Center and one has been received from Florida, but I
have not yet fully determined the characters of these. Hixobast-
dium Vaccinvi Woronin, occurs in Europe on Vaccinium Vites-
Idea. It is perhaps worthy of remark that thus far these peculiar
fungus galls have been observed on Ericaceous plants only.

A®THALIUM FrRRINCOLA Schw.

Tron rails of railroads. Worcester and Schenevus. July.

Graster Bryranti Berk.

Ground. Schoharie.

LycoPERDON PEDICELLATUM Peck.

Subpyriform, whitish, the outer peridium persistent, forming
dense angular spinose processes which are smaller toward the base
of the plant ; capillitium and spores greenish ochre or dingy oliva-
ceous, the latter pedicellate, smooth, .00016-.00018 in. in diame-
ter, the pedicel three to five times as long.

Plant about one inch in diameter.

Ground and rotten wood. Croghan and Center. September
and October.

In shape this plant resembles the ordinary form of L. pyriforme,

but the outer peridium is more coarse and shaggy than in that
species.

LycoPERDON SEPARANS 7. 8p.

Subglobose, sessile, white, the outer peridium forming dense
pyramidal substellate warts which easily separate from the mem-
branaceous inner one; capillitium and spores dingy olivaceous,
the latter globose, smooth, .00016 in. in diameter.

Ground in pastures and grassy places. Worcester. July.

74 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. ©

SPUMARIA ALBA DC.

Incrusting sticks and twigs near the ground. Croghan. Sep-
tember. ie

DmeErMA crustaceum Peck. |
Effused or circumambient, crowded, sessile, subglobose, smooth,
white, outer peridium crustaceous, like the shell of some small egg,
the inner delicate, appearing cinereous to the naked eye, iridescent
under the microscope ; columella none; spores globose, black, .0005
in. in diameter.
Fallen sticks and leaves under arbor-vite. Memphis. August.

Diperma Marta-Wixsont Clinton.

Scattered or crowded, sessile, subglobose, smooth, white or pink-
ish-white, outer peridium crustaceous, like the shell of some small
ego, within at the base brownish-pink, inner peridium delicate ;
columella subglobose, rugulose, slightly colored; spores globose,
blackish-brown ; .0004 in. in diameter.

Fallen leaves, sticks, moss, ete. Buffalo. Clinton. Memphis,
Center and Sandlake. August and October. |

DipERMA FARINACEUM Peck.

Effused or circumambient, crowded, sessile, subglobose, plum-
beons when moist, becoming white rugulose and farinaceous when
dry ; spores globose, brown, black in the mass, .0004 in. in diameter.

Creeping over mosses and investing fern stems in low woods.

Croghan. September.
The moisture from the fresh plant stains white paper lead color.

Dipymium connatum Peck.

Peridium depressed or subglobose, cinereous, furfuraceous, stipi-
tate; stems mostly connate at the base, tapering upward, longitu-
dinally wrinkled, whitish or cream color; spores subglobose, black,
.0004 in. in diameter.

Decaying fungi. Portville. September.

The nensh fee mode of growth is characteristic of this
species.

DipyMIUM FURFURACEUM 7.

Rotten wood. Worcester. July.

After the breaking up of the peridium, minute portions of it are
seen adhering to the flocci. The spores are globose, smooth,
.00033 in. in diameter. :

REPORT oF THE BOTANIST. 75

DipymiuM FARINACEUM /7.

Fallen pine leaves. Center. October. Also on mosses. North
Elba. August.

PuysaruM PuLCHERRIPES Peck.

Peridium globose, variable in color, ochraceous, gray, brown or
black ; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, vermilion ;
spores globose, brown, .00033 in. in diameter.

Rotten wood. Richmondville and Worcester. J uly.

The bright color of the stem is quite conspicuous notwithstand-
ing the small size of the plant.

Puysarum ca#spitosum Peck.

Peridia aggregated in tufts or clusters, crowded, sessile, smooth,
brown or blackish-brown; spores dingy ochre, smooth, globose,
.00025 in. in diameter.

Rotten wood. Greenbush. August.

ANGIORIDIUM sInvosuM rev.
' Dead stems of herbs and grass. Center. October.

CRATERIUM LEUCOCEPHALUM Ditm.

Fallen leaves. Oroghan and North Elba. August and Sep-
tember.

Craterium opovatum Peck.

Peridium obovate, rugose-wrinkled, glabrous, lilac-brown ; flocci
whitish ; stem colored like the peridium ; spores smooth, None:
black, .0005-.0006 in. in diameter.

Rotten wood bark and fallen leaves. Center, Sandlake and
Croghan. August and September.

The peridium varies in shape from subglobose to oblong pyri-
form, but the prevailing form is obovate. The operculum is not
distinctly shown, the peridium often appearing to be irregularly

ruptured at the apex, so that possibly the species may have to be
referred to Physarum.

STEMONITIs HERBATICA Peck.

Densely fasciculate; capillitium slender, cylindrical, brown
when moist, ferruginous-brown when dry; stem black, arising
from a membranaceous hypothallus, penetrating to the apex of the
capillitium; spores globose, .0003-.00035 in. in diameter.

Plant 2’’-3” high, growing on living leaves of grass and herbs.
Albany. June.

76 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

The color of this plant is almost the same as in 8S. ferruginea —
but the spores are much larger, surpassing even those of 8. fusca.
The habitat is peculiar.

ARCYRIA NUTANS /7.
Rotten wood. Richmondville. July.

TrRicHIA RENIFoMIs Pech.

Peridia gregarious or clustered, sessile, subglobose or reniform,
small, brown ; flocci few, short, sparingly branched ; spores glo-
bose, minutely echinulate, yellow-ochre, sometimes tinged with
green, .0005 in. in diameter.’ |

Dead bark of striped maple, Acer Pennsyluanicum. Portville.
September.

Licks oyitinprica 7,
Rotten wood. Worcester and Croghan. July and September.

PrrRicH@NA FLAVIDA Peck.

Yellow throughout; peridia crowded, clustered, sessile, varia-
ble in size and shape, shining; floeci few, short, subnodulose,
obtuse, sparingly branched; spores globose, echinulate, .00045 in.
in diameter.

Mosses. Sandlake. August.

The mature peridia are sometimes wrinkled at the top. The
bright golden yellow color renders the clusters conspicuous.

PxHomMA BRUNNEOTINGTUM B. & C.
Inside of chestnut burrs. Buffalo. Clinton.

SpH#roneMA Macwnouiz n. sp.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, black, with a long firm spine-like
ostiolum a line or more in length ; spores broadly elliptical or sub-
globose, often with a single nucleus, colored when mature, 0004 |
in. long.

Dead branches of the cucumber tree, Meio acuminata.
Portville. September.

It has almost exactly the size and appearance of S. spina, but
the spores constitute a distinguishing character.

DreLopia vuLGaRis Lev. i
Dead branches of locust trees. Buffalo. Clinton.

Report or THE BotANISst. 77

Exorputa Equiseri n. sp. |
Perithecia minute, scattered, flattened, black, furnished with a
few long straight black bristles ; spores straight, nearly cylindrical,
colorless, .00035—.0004 in. long.
Dead stems of Equisetum. Buffalo. Clinton.

Dryemasporum acertnum Peck. 7
Perithecia small, pezizeid, black, hispid with short straight scat-
tered black hairs; spores unequally elliptical, .0003 in. long, the
. bristle at each end scarcely one-third the length of the spore.
Dry maple wood. Buffalo. Clinton. April.

In DPD. Robinia the spores are shorter and the bristles longer
than in this species.

Prstatozzia Przizomwrs De ot.

Bark of dead grape-vines. Fort Edward. owe. North Green-
bush. October.

Bacrrivium FLAvum ze.

Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Savannah and Croghan.
August and September.

Pocornta Losetia Gerard. 7
Sori minute scattered or confluent, tawny-brown, spores oblong-
elliptical, slightly constricted at the septum and easily separating
into two parts, pale, .0013-.0016 in. long; pedicel short or obsolete.
Lower surface of leaves of Lobelia syphilitica. Poughkeepsie.

Gerard.

The fragile spores are peculiar.

Pucornia curtires Howe.
Leaves of Saxifraga Pennsylvaniea. Yonkers. Howe.

Uromyces prrirormis Cooke.

» Leaves of sweet flag, Acorus Oalumus. New Baltimore. Howe.
Watkins and Montezuma marshes. September.

Uromyces Sparcanu C. & P.
Sori minute, oblong, crowded, black, spores pyriform or oblong-
pyriform, about .001.in. long; pedicel colored, shorter than or

equal to the spore in length.

Both sides of leaves of Sparganium. Buffalo. Clinton. Mon-
' tezuma marshes. September. New Baltimore. owe.

78 TWHENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Urrpo CarYoPpHYLLAcEARuM Johnst. 7
Leaves of Cerastium. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

Aicrpiuom Lysmmacurz Lk.
Leaves of Lysimachia quadrifolia. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

AKcrpium ALBuM Clinton.
Spots none; peridia scattered, short, white, the margin suben-
tire ; spores Ad lls white, about .0008 in. in diameter.

Lower surface of leaves of Vicia Americana. Buffalo. Chkn-
ton. ;

AXcrwium Lycort Gerard.
Spots yellow ; subiculum more or less thickened ; peridia short,
scattered or crowded, margin crenate; spores pale yellow. _
Leaves, stems and petioles of Lycopus Huropeus. Poughkeep-

sie. Gerard. Buffalo. Clmton. New Paltz. June.
It appears to be closely related to 4&4. Compositarum.

AXcrpium Uvoraria Schw.
Leaves of Uvularia sessiifoium. New Lots, L. I. Merriam.

AXoiwium Hyrpropxyuui, Peck.
Spots small, few, yellow with a pale greenish border ; subiculum
thickened, whitish; peridia few, generally crowded, short, the
margin subcrenate; spores bright yellow or orange; spermogonia

central, on the opposite side.

Lower surface of leaves of i dec Ligetey Canadense. Catskill
mountains. June.

CERATIUM HYDNoIDES A. & SV.

Rotten wood in shaded places. Greenbush and Worcester.
June and July.

CERATIUM PORIOIDES A. & S.

Decaying prostrate trunks of trees. Richmondville. July. *

StinpuMm RAMosuUM Peck.

Head subglobose whitish or pale yellow; stem thick, smooth,
branched, white above, pallid or brownish below, sometimes
creeping and sending up branches at intervals; spores minute,
oblong.

Dead larve of insects buried in rotten wood. Sterling. Sep-
tember.

ReEePoR? oF THE BOTANIST. 79

Myrornecium Funercora 7 sp.
Receptacle small, white-margined, the disk black or greenish-
black ; spores oblong, about .0002 in. long.
Decaying fungi. North Greenbush.

Heuicoma Muturri Cd.

Dead bark of poplar branches. North Greenbush. October.
The floeci vary somewhat from those of the European plant.

ASPERGILLUS @LAvcus Lh. |
Vegetable substances in damp places. Albany.

ASPERGILLUS FuLIGINosuS Pech.

Creeping flocci white, septate, fertile flocci erect, not septate,
erowned with a globose head which is rough with projecting pro-
cesses ; spores globose, sooty black, smooth, .00016 in..in diameter.

Rice paste and other vegetable substances. Albany.

Spores were taken from the paste and planted on apple, on
which a new crop was raised.

Potyactis FascicuLaris Cd.
Dead stems of Polygonum. Greenbush. May.

PrRENOSPORA PARASITICA Pers.
Leaves of Cardamine rhomboidea. Buffalo. Clinton.

OriumM MEGALosporUM BA. & C.

Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton.
This species is remarkable for its very large globose spores.

Orpium Futvom Lk.
Rotten wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Savannah. August.

Fusisporium RosEoLuM Steph.
Dedaying potatoes. Sandlake. June.

PinaoreE Facinea /7,
Old stumps and logs of beech. Maryland. July.

Mocor in £QUALIs 7. sp.

Fertile flocci simple or once or twice divided, white; sporangia
globose, at first white, then bluish-black or brownish-black ; spores
somewhat angular, subglobose, very unequal in size, .0002-.0005
in. in diameter.

Decaying squashes. Albany. October.

80 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEovmM.

Uncinuna spiratis B. & C. (U. Americana Howe.)

Leaves of grape-vines. New Baltimore. Howe. Buffalo. Clin-
ton. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.
The very long appendages distinguish this from U. Ampelopsidis.

UnNcINULA FLExUOSA PA.

Leaves of horse chestnut, “sculus Hippocastanum. Buffalo.
Clinton. ;

The wavy-flexuous appendages are peculiar to this species, and
with its more numerous spores separate it from U. adunca to which
it is sometimes referred.

UnNcINULA PARVULA C. & P.

Leaves of the hackberry, Celtis occidentalis. Poughkeepsie.
Gerard. September.

Microspr#ra Russeviiu Clinton.

Amphigenous ; mycelium arachnoid, evanescent ; appendages
8-18, very long, flexuous, colored, paler toward the tips which are
simple or one to three times divided ; sporangia ovate, 4-8; spores
4, elliptical, .0007—.0008 in. long.

Leaves and petioles of the yellow wood sorrel, Oxalis stricta.
Buffalo. Clinton. North Greenbush. October.

The scanty mycelinm and colored appendages separate this
species from JZ. holosericea.

MicrospH@RA Dusyr Lev.

Leaves of honeysuckle, Lonicera parvifiora. Buffalo. Clinton.
New Baltimore. Howe. Croghan. September. :

MicrosPHARA DENSISSIMA Schw.

Fallen oak leaves. Saratoga. October.
This is a very distinct species, forming definite-orbicular patches
of dense white filaments.

ErysieHe Evenorsiaz Peck. ‘
Mycelium thin ; conceptacles small, .0035 in. in diameter ; appen-
dages few, long, flexuous, colored; sporangia broadly ovate, 3-4;
spores 3-4, large, .001 x .00065 in. :
Leaves of Huphorbia hypericifolia. Greenbush. October.

The mycelium occurs on both sides of the leaf, but conceptacles
were observed on the lower surface only.

PxrzizA HESPERIDEA C. & P.

Among fallen leaves. Goat Island, where it was first found.
Clinton. Savannah, August. |

REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 81

PEZIZA UNIOISA 2. sp
Cup large, thin, split on one side to the base, sessile or with a
short stem, externally rugulose, minutely pulverulent under a
lens, yellow, within pale yellow slightly tinged with pink; spores
elliptical, usually containing two nuclei, .0005-.0006 in. long.
Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

The cups are about two inches broad. The species is related to
P. onotica. |

Prziza vioLacEa Pers.
Burnt ground in woods. Worcester. July.

Pxziza supocHracea C. & P,
Dead stems of Rubus odoratus. Adirondack mountains. July.

Prziza tacerata C. & P.
Dead stems of Rubus odoratus. Adirondack mountains. July.

Peziza vincta C. & P.
Decaying wood. Sandlake. October.

Perziza crocirincra B. & C.

Decaying wood. Poughkeepsie. Gerard. North Greenbush.
October.
This seems to be the same as P. Chlora Schw.

Peziza Deann Rabh.

Leaves and stems of living Potentilla argentea. Bethlehem.
June.

Peziza PuLVERULENTA Libert.
Fallen leaves of pine trees. New Scotland. June.

Peziza assmmitis C. & P.
_ Dead stems of Aster puniceus. West Albany. May.

Puziza THELEBOLOIDES A. & VS. |
Spent hops. Buffalo. Clinton.

Peziza atpumina C. & P.

Cups soft, orbicular or contorted, soon becoming nearly plane,
whitish, then pallid, depressed in the center when dry, margin
elevated ; stem very short, rather thick, concolorous; asci cylin-
drical ; spores sausage shaped, .0003 in. long.

8? TwWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE SvaTE Museum.

Decorticated sticks. North Greenbush. October.

It resembles, in color and texture, fragments of the albumen of
a cocoa nut. The cups are cracked and fissured in drying. In its
soft substance it approaches the section Mollisia.

PxrzizA CoRRUGATA C. & P. |
Subgregarious; cups subglobose, then expanded and nearly
plane, black, the margin elevated; hymenium corrugated, ele-
vated in the center when dry, attached to the matrix by delicate
radiating fibrils; asci subclavate; spores narrowly fusiform, two
to three nucleate, .0006—.0008 in. long. |
Decaying wood. North Greenbush. November.

It is allied to P. compressa. .The spores probably become tri-
septate.

PxEzIZA CHRYSOPLITHALMA Gerard.
Damp earth among mosses. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

HELoTIUM RUGIPES 7. Sp.

Cups concave, then expanded, sometimes with a small dimple or

umbilicus in the center,.externally brown, yellowish in the dried
state; disk greenish-brown, sometimes yellowish; stem short,
tapering downwards, rugose-lacunose, the wrinkles extending
upwards on the cup; asci slender, cylindrical; spores uniseriate,
uniseptate, elliptical, .0008 x .00015 in.

Rotten wood. Worcester. July.

The cups are 2’"-4’" broad. In the dried specimens before me
the hymenium has retained its greenish-brown hue. 7

HELOTIUM THUJINUM 7%. sp.
Cup smooth, subsessile, concave or nearly plane, orange, exter-
nally a little paler ; spores globose, .0003 in. in diameter.

Fallen branchlets of arbor vite, Zhuja occidentalis. Lowville.
September.

Hxrorim MAcRosPoRUM 7. Sp.

Cups at first nearly closed, then expanded and slightly concave,
whitish, externally furfuraceous; stem short, rather thick ; spores
oblong, containing a single large nucleus, .001-.0012 in. long.

Decaying wood of beech trees. Worcester. July.

The plant changes to a light brown in drying. The long spores
suggest the specific name.

Report or THE Boranist. 83

- Herorium Gracie 0. & P.

Ochraceous ; cups plane, then convex, immarginate, rather thin,
externally slightly paler ; stem slender, equal, brownish toward the
base, about as long as the diameter of the cup; asci cylindrical ;
spores cylindrical or subfusiform, obtuse at the extremities, two to
three nucleate, .0007—.0008 in. long.

Stems of herbs. Center. October.

In size and habit it resembles P. cyathordea, but the cups
are never closed.

Hetotium Lrwonium C. & P.

Lemon yellow, externally paler; cups plane or slightly convex,
immarginate, at first externally delicately farinaceous ; stem slender,
equal, not longer than the diameter of the cup; asci cylindrical ;
spores cylindrical, obtuse at each end, curved or straight, .0003 in.
long. |

Stems of herbs. Center. October.

* ELAPHOMYCES GRANULATUS FY.

Under ground in pine woods. Maryland and Croghan. J uly
and September.

Hysrerium spH@rioiwes A. & VN.
Leaves of Labrador tea, Ledum latifolium. Sandlake.

HysreriuM MACULARE /7.
Leaves of leather leaf, Cassandra calyculata. Sandlake. August.

Hysrerium typHinum £7,
Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Guilderland. May.

Hysrerium Exaripum C. & P.

Fallen leaves of sheep-laurel, Kalmia angustifolia. Sandlake.
une.

Hysrertum Aneustatum A. & S.
Bark of deciduous trees. Sandlake.

HysreriuM MACROSPORUM %. sp.
Perithecia longitudinally striate; spores crowded, oblong,
colored, triseptate, .0016-—.002 in. long.
Decorticated pine wood. North Greenbush. November.

84 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

CoLPoMA JUNIPERINUM OC. & P.

Bark of juniper trees, Juniperus Virginiana. Buffalo. Clin-_
ton. Also on balsam trees. Adirondack mountains. ;

ToRRUBIA CAPITATA /7?,

Pine woods, growing from Elaphomyces granulatus. Maryland
and Croghan. July and September. |

Hypocrra ALUTACEA /7.
Fallen leaves in woods. Croghan. September.

HypocrEa contorta Schw.
Among mosses on decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.

Hyromycrs potyrorinus Peck.

Perithecia minute, ovate or subconical, seated on a pallid subi-
culum, smooth, yellowish or pale amber; asci narrow, linear ;
spores fusiform, acuminate at each end, nucleate, .0006—.0007 in.
long.

On Polyporus versicolor. Richmondville, Worcester and Cro- -
ghan. July and September.

It seems a little remarkable that this species not before observed,
should be found in one season in three distinct localities.

ee Van Bruntranus Gerard.
On Agaricus. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

Necrria Riis Zode.
Dead currant stems. Bethlehem and Greenbush.

NectriA coccinEa /7. |
Dead branches of water beech, Carpinus Americana. Green-
bush. August.

Nectria Creiastri Schw.

Dead stems of Celastrus scandens. Greenbush. May. |
This is often accompanied by its Conidia, Zubercularra Colas
Schw.

NEcTRIA BALSAMEA CO. & P. |
Bark of dead balsam trees, Abies balsamea. North Elba.
August.

Neorria Apocynt Peck.
Conidia. Subhemispherical or irregular, small, pale red ;
spores fusiform, straight, .0005-.0006 in. long.

Report oF THE BoranIstv. 85

_ Ascophore. Ozspitose or scattered, dull red; perithecia minute,

pale ochraceous and subglobose when moist, dull red collapsed or

laterally compressed and rough with minute whitish seales when

dry ; ostiola minute ; spores biseriate, uniseptate, fusiform, usually
- constricted in the. middle, nucleate, .00065-.0008 in. long.

Lower part of dead stems of Indian Hemp, Apocynum cannabi-
num. North Greenbush. October.

NEcTRIA MYCETOPHILA 2. Sp.

Perithecia crowded or scattered, minute, smooth, subglobose,
pale yellow when young, then pinkish-ochre; ostiola minute,
papillate, distinct, darker colored ; asci subclavate; spores oblong,
simple, .0005 x .00016 in.

Decaying fungi. New Scotland. October.

XYLARIA GRANDIS 7. Sp.

Large, blackish-brown, irregular, obtusely pointed and rusty-
brown at the sterile tip, abruptly narrowed at the base; central sub-
stance white; perithecia subglobose; spores subfusiform, pointed
at each end, straight or slightly curved, .0008-.0009 in. long;
stem branched, radicating, often greatly elongated.

Plant 3’—5’ high, heads 1.5’—3’ long, 8’’-12” thick.

Ground. Portage. Clinton.

The eeiaag stem and pointed sterile apices of the clubs sepa-

rate this from X. polymorpha which it also surpasses in size. The
larger spores distinguish it from X. digitata.

Xyxaria Graminicora Gerard in Litt.

Club slender, cylindrical, simple, at first greenish pulverulent,
then blackish-brown, roughened by the prominent ‘globose peri-
thecia, tips sterile, acuminate; stem smooth, straight or flexuous,
brown ; spores uniseriate, unequally ellipitical, .0004 x .0002 in.

Plant about 2’ high, parasitic on the roots of languishing grasses.
Poughkeepsie. Gerard.
It is allied to XY. Hypowylon.

Evrrra Acuarn Tul.
Decorticated poplar. Helderberg mountains. May.

DiatryPe pLatystoma Schw.
Dead branches of maple trees. Tyre and Center. September.

86 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

DiaTRYPE BULLATA /7.
Bark of dead saplings. Tyre. September.

Diatrryrer Tocci#ana De ot.

Dead hazel and alder branches. Center and Sandlake. Odcto-
ber.

Diatryre morowss C. & P.
Dead branches of alders. Sandlake. September.

MELANCONIS sTILBostoma 7/1.

Dead trunks and branches of white birch, Betula populifolia.
Center. May.

Vasa sBioincta C. & P.
Dead branches of butternut, /uglans conerea. Greenbush. May.

VALSA CENTRIPETA /7.
Dead alders. Buffalo. Clinton.

LopuHiuM MyTILInum /7.
Decaying wood. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

-Loratostoma magnatum C. & P.
Decaying wood. Tyre. September.

Loputostoma turRituM CU. & P.
Dead branches of willows. Sandlake. September.

SPHARIA CANESCENS Pers.
Rotten wood. Portville and Croghan. September.

SPHARIA SARMENTORUM /7.

Dead vines of moonseed, Menispermum Canadense. Pough-
keepsie. Gerard. North Greenbush. November.

SPHHRIA MACULZFORMIS Pers.
Fallen leaves of basswood, Zilia Americana. Helderberg
mountains. May.

Spu@ria StapuyLina Peck.
Perithecia minute, black, covered by the epidermis which at
length ruptures in a stellate manner or irregularly; spores biseri-

Report? or tHE Boranisv. 87

ate, colorless, constricted in the middle, three to five septate,
.0009-.001 in. long, the two parts formed by the central septum

unequal in diameter.
Dead twigs of Staphylea trifolia. Helderberg mountains. May.

Spn#ria Desmopn Peck.
Perithecia scattered or seriately placed, minute covered by the

epidermis which is pierced by the acute or narrowly conical osti-
olum, black; asci clavate; spores biseriate, fusiform, colorless,

quadrinucleate, .00035-.0004 in. long.
Dead stems of Desmodium. Garrisons. June.

SpH2rRIA viripicoma C. & P.
Dead branches of beech. Sandlake. October.

Spuaria mutans C. & P.

Decaying wood. Tyre. September.
Spua#ria Semen C. & P.
Fallen petioles of mountain ash, Pyrus Americana. Sandlake.

September.

Spuaetia susconica C. & P.
Dead stems of herbs. Greig. September.

Spn#eria Fuscetta B. & Br.
Dead stems of raspberry, Aeubus strigosus. Greenbush. June.
Spu#ria RAcEMULA C. & P. |
Dead stems of willow herb, Epilobium angustifolium. Adiron-
dack mountains. July.

Massaria Boronia Zul.
Bark of white oak trees. Buffalo. Clinton. Poughkeepsie.
Gerard. Greenbush. May.
The spores in our plant are a little smaller than in the European,

being .0006—.0008 in. long.

NEW STATIONS OF RARE PLANTS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS,
Srsuvium PentaNnpRum L7//.
This plant, found by Mr. Merriam near East Hampton, L. f.,

and formerly considered a variety of S. Portulacastrum, is now
believed to be distinct and our only northern species.

88 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Hisiscus Moscuevutos ZL.

Montezuma marshes. It seems a little strange that this plant
with its very large showy flowers should not be .cultivated by
florists and ornamental gardeners.

Tir1A AMERICANA Var. PUBESCENS G7.

Wading River, L. I. filler.

Dersmopium Laviaatum DC.

Manorville, L. I. Muller.

GALACTIA MOLLIS J/z.
Wading River. filler.

Grum ALBUM Gmelin.

Greenfield. Westchester county. Howe. This is a variety
with very small bright golden yellow petals.

MyrioPHYLLuM TENELLUM Sigel.

Wading River. filler.

MyrioPHYLLUM AMBIGUUM Var. LIMosuM G7. ©

Wading River. Jiller.

AcCNIDA CANNABINA LL.

Not uncommon in the valley of the Hudson river below Pough-
keepsie. Howe. | :

TYPHA LATIFOLIA LL.

The dried leaves of this species are sold for thirty or forty dol-
lars a ton at the markets near the Montezuma marshes, but the
allied species, Typha angustifolia, is regarded as worthless, the
leaves of it not being salable.

Natas mason AJ.
Seneca river near Savannah.

Pogonta PENDULA Lindl.
‘Woods near Savannah.

JUNCUS TRIFIDUS LL.

Shawangunk mountains, Ulster county. This rush has hereto-
fore been found in the State on the high summits of the Adiron-
dack mountains only. This new station is remarkable not only
for being much further south, but also at a much less altitude than

oa,

ReporT or THE BorANIST. 89

are the Adirondack stations. Indeed inthe Ulster county locality,
this plant with a northern range meets, on common ground, Asple-
nium montanum, a fern with a southern range.

Sorrpus pesiiis Pwsh.
Long pond near Wading River. Young.

Sorrpus Maritimvus L.

Montezuma marshes. It occurs here in asmall form, about a foot
high, with the heads all sessile and involucral leaves two, one sub-
tending the cluster of spikes, the other appearing like a prolonga-
tion of the stem. Scwrpus pungens growing by its side very much .
surpasses it in hight.

ScIRPUS SUBTERMINALIS 7077.
Wading River. Miller.

Anpropogon Vireinicus L.
Peconic river and Northville. Young.

ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM var. Braunt Koch.

Abundant in the “ Deep Notch” between Shandaken and Lex-
ington. ighteen species of ferns were observed in this locality,
all except three of which had previously been noticed in “ Stony
Clove,” a locality similar to this and but a few miles south of it.
The three species are Woodsia obtusa, Asplenium Trichomanes,
and Osmunda cinnamomea. These two localities together pro-
duce one-half the whole number of species of ferns that occur in
the State.

OsMUNDA CINNAMOMEA ZL.

A form was found on Pine hill, Ulster county, having the fer-
tile frond leafy above.

Borrycuium smmeLtex Hitch.
Riverhead, L. I. Miller.

Fissipens GRANpDIFRONS Arid.

Wet rocks. Chittenango Falls. Clinton. This at present is
our most eastern known station of this interesting but sterile moss.

Dipymopon turinus Hornsch.

Wet rocks. Chittenango Falls. As at Niagara Falls we here
find this rare moss associated with Fissidens grandifrons.

De tzssperiA Leprirven ont.
Hudson river at Yonkers. Howe.

90 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

AGARICUS GALERICULATUS Scop.

Two well-marked varieties of this very variable species were
observed the past season. One grows on the ground among fallen
leaves. It has a dark-brown pileus, close lamelle and a very long
stem generally of a delicate pink color toward the top. It might
be called var. longipes. The other grows under pine trees, has a
broadly convex or expanded grayish-brown pileus and a short
stem. It might be called var. expansus.

Agaricus Fisuta Bull.

A form of a pale color with the center of the pileus and the
upper part of the stem brown occurred on mossy logs in woods at
Worcester and Croghan. July and September. |

AGARICUS GEOPHYLLUS Sow.
The variety with the pileus of a beautiful lilac color occurs in

Bethlehem. It is Ag. affines Pers. and might appropriately be —

named var. lalacinus:

Marasmivs vetutires Bb. & C. =

This with us is one of the most common species of the genus,
occurring in all our woods and wooded swamps, but I have never
been able to find it with an umbilicate pileus. Can it be that
there are two forms, one northern with a convex pileus, the other
southern with an umbilicate pileus? Or is our plant a distinct
species, yet so nearly related to J. velutipes that the absence of
an umbilicus is the only available mark of distinction? Our plant
sometimes grows in lines or rows several feet in length.

Boxetvs*prictus Pk. .
This plant was erroneously described in a former report as

‘“‘viscid when moist.’ Subsequent observations satisfy me that it —

is not viscid even in the moist state. Boletus Spraguer B. & C.,

since published, is a very closely related species, if indeed it be —

specifically distinct.

Poxryporvus BoucuEanus /7?.

The American plant commonly referred to this species is quite —

variable and has been a source of considerable perplexity. It has
been ascribed by eminent mycologists to Polyporus, Favolus and
Hexagona, and Fries in his Epicrisis places. P. Boucheanus in the
section Pleuropus, while Berkeley, in his Notices of N. A. Fungi,
puts it in the section Mesopus, though he adds the remark that it
is frequently pleuropous. I have seen very many American speci-
mens of our so-called P. Boucheanus, yet in but a single instance
have I seen it with a central stem. ‘There are three prominent
points of disagreement between our plant and the description of
P. Boucheanus in the Epicrisis. The stem does not become

Report or THE Boranrst. 91

brown at the base, “deorsum fuscescente,” although closely adher-
ing bits of bark sometimes give it such an appearance, the pores
are not of an orange color, “ dilute aurantiacis,” and the pileus is
not smooth then scaly, “levi dein squamoso,” though it is either
smooth or scaly. The pores are generally decurrent, yet this
eomepent character is not mentioned in the description of Fries.

n view of these discrepancies it seems almost certain that our
plant ought to be regarded as a distinct species, but, in view of its
variable character, I hesitate to separate it as such until I shall
have had the opportunity of comparing it with authenticated
European specimens of P. Boucheanus.

GyYMNOSPORANGIUM cLAvIPEs C. & P.

The protospores germinate at each end, the pedicel separating
from the base about the time the filament protrudes from the lower
or basal cell of the protospore. In Podisoma Juniperi the pro-

- tospores germinate at the septum.

How Ovemarmns Schw.
Leaves of Clematis Virguniana. Poughkeepsie. Gerard.

In the preceding pages, when no name is added to the station or
stations, the plant has been found therein by the writer. Dates sig-
nify the time of collecting the specimens, and therefore indicate to
some extent the time of the occurrence of the plant. The single and
double accent marks placed at the right of figures denote respectively
inches and twelfths of an inch.

My warmest thanks are due to those Botanists who have kindly
aided me by their generous contributions of specimens. —

Most respectfully submitted.

CHAS. H. PECK.
Axpsany, Januury 3d, 1873.

DESCRIPTIONS OF BRYOZOA AND CORALS

OF THE LOWER HELDERBERG GROUP.

By JAMES HALL.

[The title of this paper (and also one upon the Bryozoa and corals
of the upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups) was announced in
the 20th Report on the State Cabinet of Natural History, the manu-
script having been prepared sometime previously. Owing to impera-
tive duties connected with the affairs of the museum, and the
rearrangement of collections, these papers together with others, the
titles of which were at that time or had been previously announced,
have been postponed from time to time, until in some cases the occa-
sion for their publication has passed.

The present paper was again communicated with the’ Report of
1872 (in January, 1873), but its publication has been delayed by the
State Printer till 1874. Some of the papers which have been pre-
viously announced in the 18th, 19th and 20th Reports will appear
in this and subsequent Reports of the State Museum of Natural
History.]

Genus FENESTELLA Lonsdale.

FENESTELLA NERVIA 7. sp.

Bryozoum forming funnel-shaped bodies, which are attached by
their bases to foreign substances, often to the branches of ramose
Bryozoans. Near the base the cup expands at an angle of about
seventy degrees, spreading more rapidly above and becoming undu-
_ lated or folded. Branches slender, approximate, about five in one-
tenth of an inch, frequently bifurcating ; sharply carinate on the out-
side, with a row of pores on each side of the carina, inside smooth
or slightly granulose, not striate; dissepiments thickened, rounded,
widening at their junction with the branches; surface on the same
_ plane with the branches on the inner side of the trond, deeply sunken
on the outer side. Fenestrules elongate, quadrangular on the outer

Q4 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

surface, rounded or sub-oval' within, the length but little exceeding
the breadth ; appearing longer on the outer side, from the thickening
of the dissepiment on the inner.
_ Pores rounded, three or four on each side of the fenestrule, dis-
tance from each other equal to or greater than their own diameter ;
in well preserved specimens they have a slightly upward direction, —
with the outer margin projecting. This feature is, however, seldom
preserved, and the cells wos as slight pier eaaes with a central
perforation.

This is an abundant form on weathered slabs of the shaly lime-
stone of the Helderberg group, two miles north of Clarksville,
Albany county, New York.

FENESTELLA PRECURSOR 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming narrow, deep, funnel-form bodies, attached by
their bases to foreign substances. Near the base the cup expands at —
an angle of not more than forty degrees, spreading more rapidly
above. Branches slender, with few bifurcations below, the number
increasing above. Outer surface with a series of cell pores on each
side of a narrow, elevated carina, which widens above, forming
another branch parallel with the principal one, and having a sharp
crest with a line of obtuse nodes on each side, giving the appearance
of a second range of cell pores. Inner surface of the branch rounded,
marked by numerous small pustules which, when worn away, show
openings into the interior tube, presenting the characters of the pori-
ferous surface of Polypora. Dissepiments somewhat thickened,
rounded, spreading at their junction with the branch, on the same
plane in the inner side and not extending above the range of pores
on the outside. Fenestrules varying from subquadrangular to elon-
gate oval, about as wide as the breadth of the branches. Pores circu-
lar, three or four to each fenestrule, opening outwardly and slightly
upwards, forming lobes on the sides of the branches. The obtuse
nodes are arranged somewhat more closely than the pores, five nodes
occupying a space equal to four pores. In much weathered speci-
mens the nodes are often worn away so as to exhibit a small perfora- ©
tion, and in this condition they might be mistaken for another range
of pores. _In one specimen the wearing of the carina has left a
groove between the ranges of pores.

formation and localityx—On decomposed surfaces of the shaly
limestone of the Lower Helderberg group, near Catskill, New York.

Lower HevevDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 95

FENESTELLA CREBRIPORA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming frond-like expansions on the surface of weath-
ered slabs, undulated or folded from the rapid increase of the
branches from bifurcation; base not known. Branches slender,
rounded and smooth on the non-poriferous side, not perceptibly stri-
ate: poriferous side of the branch carinate with a range of large,
closely approximate pores on each side. Dissepiments slender, dis-
tant, widening at their junction with the branch, carinate on the
poriferous side, and rounded on the opposite. Fenestrules elongate,
quadrangular, wider than the branch, and their length often double
their width. Pores large, often appearing polygonal on the surface
but rounded within, from three to four in the length of a fenestrule :
the partition walls narrow, often sharp on the outer edge, that on
the inner side dividing the two ranges and forming the carina fre-
quently tortuous. At the junction of the dissepiment with the
branch, there is commonly a cell pore within the dissepiment and
out of the line of the regular range; sometimes one in each axil, and
in these cases the pores are triangular at the surface. Branches from
three to four in a tenth of an inch: dissepiments one and a half to
two in the same space. |

_ This species is a somewhat coarser form than either of the preced-
ing, with slender and more distant branches and dissepiments; and
pores differing from those in size and position.

Formation and locality.—On weathered slabs of Lower Helder-
berg Limestone; Albany county, New York.

FrnestELta [patra 1. sp.

Bryozoum forming broadly spreading cup-shaped bodies, attached
by the base to other substances; celluliferous on the inside.
Branches slender, very closely arranged, frequently bifurcating, longi-
tudinally striate on the outer surface, strie granulose, from three to
five or six on each branch; inner surface of branches densely
crowded with small slightly oval pores in two ranges, except for a
short distance below each bifurcation, where the branch gradually
widens and an intermediate range appears which divides at the bifur-
cation; a slight ridge often separates the rows of pores, but this is
ofteu obsolete. Dissepiments slender, striated on the inner sur-
face; their distance from each other equal to or greater than the
width of the branch; about four in the space of one-tenth of an inch.
Fenestrules small, elongate elliptical, appearing quadrangular on the

96 Twenry-sixtH Report on THE State Museum.

outside. Pores circular or a little elongate, their margins elevated,
projecting on the upper side into a slight roof-like covering over the
pore. Branches about six in one-tenth of an inch.

This species is distinguished by the compact and closely arranged —
branches even when the strive or asperate character of pores are
removed. It is a much more delicate species than any of the
preceding.

Formation and locality.—In shaly limestones of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

FENESTELLA SYLVIA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming large funnel-shaped fronds, with a small attached
base, rapidly spreading and becoming much folded toward the outer
margin. Branches very slender and closely approximate. Outer or
non-poriferous side of the frond in well preserved specimens distinctly
striated longitudinally. Dissepiments closely arranged, rounded,
appearing nearly as strong as the branch on the outer side of the
frond, angular on the opposite side. Fenestrules small, quadrangular
on the surface, round or oval within, a little longer than wide.
Pores minute, round, slightly elevated, three in the length of the
fenestrule. About seven branches in the space of one-tenth of an
inch, where there are no bifurcations; at the bifurcations sometimes
ten in the same space; five to seven dissepiments in the space of one-
tenth of an inch. The edge of the carina, between the ranges of
pores, when well preserved, is slightly rugose or asperated. !

This species resembles / nervia, but has more slender and closely
arranged branches, more frequent dissepiments and consequently
smaller fenestrules and fewer pores. |

Formation and locality.—In upper layers of the shaly limestones
of the Lower Helderberg group, on Slingerland’s farm, near Clarks-
ville, New York.

Genus POLYPORA McCoy.

Potypora Lirtia 2. sp.

Bryozoum forming small fan-like fronds (not cup-shaped), attached
by the base to foreign bodies. Branches small, irregular, anastomoz-
ing, connected at unequal distances by the dissepiments, poriferous
on one side and obscurely striate on the other. Dissepiments very —
short, comparatively distant, widening at their junction with the
branches. Fenestrules elongate-oval or elliptical, their length often

%
+
.

Lower HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. Q7

twice or more than twice their width. Pores distinct, rounded, their
margins very slightly elevated, scattered on the wider but forming
rows in the narrower parts of the branch; two, three or four in the
breadth of the branch. On the dissepiment, near its junction with
the branch, a single pore is often visible, but the dissepiments have
not a poriferous character.

This beautiful species is the only true Polypora yet known in the
Silurian strata of New York. It is easily distinguished from the
associated Fenestella by the irregular mode in which the branches
multiply, and by the greater number of pores, without dividing
ridges. The poriferous side, as seen in the rock, has somewhat the
appearance of Letepora asperato-striata of the Niagara limestone,
except that it has a finer and more delicate structure, fewer pores,
and the dissepiments are destitute of cells except at the extremity.

Formation and locality.—On weathered slabs of the Lower Hel-
derberg limestone, at Schoharie and near Clarksville, New York.

PoLYPoRA ELEGANS (?) 7. sp.

Bryozoum growing in small, irregular and duplicating fan-shaped
overlapping fronds, attdched by the base to foreign substances.
Branchlets slender, rounded, frequently and irregularly bifurcating
and rapidly diverging. Dissepiments strong, two-thirds as thick as
the branches and placed at irregular distances. Fenestrules a little
longer than wide. Pores small, round or ovate, comparatively dis-
tant, with distinctly elevated margins; arranged in two series only,
and alternating, one on each side of the branch, leaving a smooth or
striated space between; the distance between the two ranges equal
or nearly equal to the diameter of the pore with its margin. Surface
between the pores, and also the dissepiments, striated with tortuous
strie. Opposite side not known.

This species is remarkable as having only two ranges of pores,
although with all the other essential features of the genus Polypora.

Formation and locality.—In shaly limestones of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

Genus HEMITRYPA Phillips.

The genus Hemirrypa of Phillips was established for a group of

_ Fenestelloid bryozoans, which have unusually high ridges dividing

the ranges of pores on the exterior of the frond, and the crests of the
ridges connected by a series of dissepiments which are not unfre-
quently so much thickened laterally as to leave only small round

98 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

pores, which open into a series of radiating galleries formed by this

covering between the branches; these galleries also communicate —

with the interior of the cup by the fenestrules of the inner layer.
The cell pores are situated on the branches in the same relative posi-
tion as in true FenEsTELLa, and open into the galleries, or tubes. The
inner portion of these bodies, if denuded of the exterior layer
together with a portion of the ridges, would be in every respect like
a true Fenestella.

There is but one species of this type yet known in the Lower Hel-
derberg rocks of New York; and none in any of the older forma-
tions; others oecur in the Hamilton group, and several in the
precarboniferous rocks of the western States, one of which has been
described by Dr. H. A. Prout as Lenestella hemitrypa, Trans.
Acad. Nat. Sci. St. Lonis, Vol. 1, p. 444, pl. 17, f. 4.

From Frnesteixa of the ordinary type, there is a somewhat regu-
lar gradation, through those with highly elevated intercellular
ridges, to the type of Hemirrypa ; and in J. precursor, herein
described, we have a form so nearly intermediate that it is difficult |
to say to which genus it belongs. The highly elevated crests have
along their sides a row of small pustules which if prolonged and con-
tinued across the spaces would form the characters of Humirrypa.

HEMITRYPA PRIMA 7. §p.

Bryozoum forming narrow funnel-shaped bodies, the sides diverg-
ing at an angle of from thirty-five to forty-five degrees. Branches
slender, round, contiguous, about five in the space of one-tenth of
an inch; dissepiments frequent, two-thirds as wide as the branch
and expanding at their junction. Fenestrules small, oval or
ovate. Pores small, round, with elevated margins, about three to
each fenestrule: distance between the inner and outer layers about
equal to that between the branches. Outer surface of the cup —
divided into small rhomboidal openings by small slender filaments
‘connecting the edges of the branches; usually a little depressed in
the middle; about four to each fenestrule, nine or ten in the length
of one-tenth of an inch.

Formation and locality —On slabs of the Lower Helderberg
limestone, Schoharie, New York.

Genus ICHTHYORACHIS McCoy.

IoutHyorAcuis NEREIS 7. Sp.

Bryozoum plumose, slender, slightly flexuose; midrib flattened
on the exterior surface, longitudinally striate, with a groove along
the center; lateral branches short, rigid, obtusely pointed at the
extremity, distance from each other equal to the width of the mid-

‘Ok koe. Be ees =
’ . .

‘a

Lower H&L~pERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 99

rib. Pores moderately large, in two ranges on the lateral branches,
with three or more on the midrib (not fully determined).

Length of the longest specimen seven-tenths of an inch, imperfect
at both extremities; width, including lateral branches, one-tenth of
an inch, four of them in length equal to the entire width of the
frond.

Formation and locality—On limestone surfaces of the Lower

- Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

Genus ESCHAROPORA @Hail. 1847.
(Not ESCHARIPORA D’Orb. 1851.)

EscHAROPORA TENUIS 2. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in thin, elongate, narrow stipes, with parallel
margins, and celluliferous on both sides. Cells arranged in longitus

_ dinal rows (eighteen rows counted in one specimen), the marginal

rows largest ; the cells of the outer row situated a little in advance of
the next within it, and so on to the central row, where the order is

reversed, so that the transverse rows of cells run obliquely down-

wards to the center from both margins. Cell apertures rhomboidal

or obscurely ‘hexagonal and opening upwards; the partitions between

them sharp on their outer edges. The cells from the opposite sides

of the stipe reach to the thin dividing epitheca in the center, and
are inclined to the axis at a very low angle; the whole thickness of
the stipe is seldom more than two-hundredths of an-inch; breadth
one-sixth of an inch. The longest stipe which we have seen is nearly

three inches, gradually narrowing from the middle upward.

This species differs from all others of the type yet seen, in its great
tenuity, differing extremely from those of the Trenton limestones
which are often nearly as thick as wide.

Lormation and locality.—In shaly limestones of the Lower Hel-
derberg group; Albany and Schoharie counties, New York.

EscHAROPORA NEBULOSA 2. sp.

Bryozoum forming thin, flat, elongate expansions, celluliferous on
beth sides. Cell apertures quadrangular, length scarcely exceeding
the width, in parallel rows of contiguous ranges slightly alternating
with each other; longitudinal partition walls thin, rounded on the
edges, transverse partitions more slender and usually not elevated to
the same plane, rising from the central epitheca and gradually curv-

100 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

ing upwards and outwards. The surface of the frond is marked with
distant, elevated spots or nebule, formed of cells which are a very
little larger than the rest. Thickness of frond four-hundredths of an
inch, width nearly half an inch; eleven of the longitudinal ranges of
cells in the width of one-tenth of an inch and about eight pores in
the same length.

This species differs from Z. tenwis in its greater breadth, its nebu-
lose surface and the proportionally oars cell apertures, as well as
in its more robust appearance.

Formation and locality.—In weathered blocks of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, at Catskill creek, New York. 7 |

EscHAROPORA LIRATA %. Sp.

Bryozoum forming small ensiform bodies, gradually enlarging
upwards from an obtusely pointed base; sides of the stipe convex,
giving a lenticular transverse section. Cells in longitudinal parallel
rows increasing in size with the width of the stipe: longitudinal
partitions elevated (giving a lirate aspect to the surface), transverse
partitions thin, deeply depressed. Cell apertures quadrangular,
longer than wide. Length of stipe from half to three-fourths of an
inch, greatest width about one-sixteenth of an inch, containing about
eight rows of pores.

These forms may perhaps be only the bases, or young, of 2. tenwis,
the bases of that species having not been found with the specimens ;
but the objection to such a supposition is that these forms are not
known to occur in the same strata where the others are most abundant,
and are most common in beds from a higher level. They resemble
the 2. (Phenopora) ensiformis of the Clinton group.

Formation and locality.—tIn the upper, shaly portions of the
shaly limestones of the Lower Helderberg group, near Clarksville,
New York.

Genus CALLOPORA Aail.

CaLLoporaA HYALE n. sp.

Bryozoum growing in irregular foliate expansions, or incrusting
other bodies. - Surface marked by comparatively large, distant and
irregularly disposed, circular or slightly oval cells with elevated
margins. The intercellular spaces marked by very small, shallow,
angular pits or depressions, sometimes three or four between adja-
cent cells ; sometimes considerable areas destitute of these depressions,
when the specimen presents much the appearance of a Trematopora.

Lower HeLpERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 101

In general appearance-this species closely resembles C. elegantula
of the Niagara group; but the cells are smaller and much more dis-
tant, while the cell margins of C. elegantula are never elevated ; also
the intermediate pits are larger and more distinct. It resembles in
some degree C. perelegans, but the cells are less circular, the margins
more strongly elevated, and the intercellular pits less distinct.

Formation and locality—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

CALLOPORA MACROPORA 7%. Sp.

Bryozoum forming slender, solid branches, with distant, widely
diverging bifurcations; the branches seldom wider than a twentieth
of an inch. Surface marked by comparatively large, elongate-oval
or slightly angular cells. Intercellular spaces narrow, often only a °
narrow ridge, intercellular pits few, small and angular, never more
than a single series so far as observed, and no spines have been seen
on the cell margins. |

This is a very distinct and well marked species, characterized by
the large cells and slender branches. A single branch, apparently
belonging to the same species, has been found in the Niagara group
at Lockport.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Catskill creek, Greene county ; near Clarksville,
Albany county, and at Schoharie, New York.

CALLOPORA VENUSTA %. SP.

Bryozoum consisting of hollow branches, usually occurring flattened
upon the surface of slabs ; varying in width from a sixteenth to more
than a fourth of an inch; their surfaces often nodose or tortuous.
Inner surface of the tubes longitudinally striate and marked by
strong concentric wrinkles. Cells small, longitudinally elliptical, not
contiguous, their margins not distinctly elevated, though showing in
some instances a well defined border. In well preserved speci-
mens the cell margins are marked by short, obtuse spines, generally
situated one on each side at the point of greatest diameter ; occasion-
ally there is also one at the upper or lower side. Intercellular spaces
marked by one or more series of angular depressions or pits, which
are sometimes almost as large as the true cells.

This species has much the general aspect of C. elegantula of the
Niagara group, but the cells are much smaller, elongate instead of
circular, and in the whole appearance is of a finer texture.

102 -TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Formation and locality. pg the shaly limestones of the Lower

Helderberg group, on Catskill creek, New York.

CALLOPORA UNISPINA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming slender, solid branches, with distant bifurca-—

tions; the branches seldom more than a sixteenth of an inch in

diameter. Cells small, somewhat crowded, usually triangular except —

at or near the bifurcation, where they become distorted ; distant from
each other about two-thirds of their own diameter. The intercellu-
lar space marked by small angular pits, with the ridges between
sharply elevated, and rising into a short triangular spine at the basal

margin of the true cells; giving to the branches under a magnifier |

a sharply asperate appearance.

The distinguishing feature of this species is the triangular cells
with the single spine at the base of each.

Formation and locality.—tIn the shaly limestone of the Lower

Helderberg group at Catskill creek, Greene county, and near ei

ville, Albany county, New York.

CALLOPORA PERELEGANS 1. SD.

Bryozoum growing in strong, solid, tortuous branches, three-six-
teenths of an inch, or more, in diameter. Cell apertures large, cir-
cular, with slightly elevated margins, somewhat irregularly disposed,
distant from each other usually a little less than their own diameter.
Intermediate spaces marked by comparatively large, polygonal pits,
which frequently extend from cell to cell, making their length much
greater than their breadth; the partition walls between the pits ver-

tical, slightly flattened on the top. In a transverse section, the par-_

titions across the intercellular spaces are strong and distant. Cell
tubes smooth.

This exquisite species of Callopora is not equaled in beauty even

by the C. elegantula of the Niagara group; it differs from that in
the form of the intercellular pits, which in the C. elegantula are

smaller, more numerous, and more equal in size.

formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lage
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

CALLOPORA HETEROPORA 1. Sp.

Bryozoum forming solid, comparatively slender branches, with
numerous irregular bifurcations. Cell apertures small, elongate-oval,

with frequent constrictions, which, in well preserved specimens, give

LowrER HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 103

the border a somewhat lobed appearance ; cells arranged irregularly
and at distances varying from one-half to nearly twice their own
length. Intercellular spaces marked by minute shallow pits, which
are easily worn away, giving to the branches the appearance of
Trematopora. In well preserved individual branches the intercellu-
lar pits are distinct, and the borders of the cells have small, short
spines.

This is a common and variable species, occurring in branches of

from three-hundredths of an inch to a line or more in diameter ; the
pores also vary in size and contiguity.

Formation and locality—tIn the shaly limestone of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

CALLOPORA PONDEROSA 7. SP.

Bryozoum growing in heavy, dense, irregular masses, formed by
numerous accretions of growth; or in smaller masses, incrusting
shells and other substances. Surface crowded with medium-sized
circular cells, distant from each other about half their own diameter,
margins not elevated above the surrounding surface. Intercellular
spaces crowded with minute, deep, polygonal pits, in one, two, or
sometimes three ranges; the small triangular spaces at the angles,
between the cells and pits, are elevated and form short triangular
spines.

This species somewhat resembles in surface characters the C. ele-
gans of the Niagara limestone, but it is of finer texture, and the cells
have not the tendency to form rows, so common in that species. It
differs from C. perelegans in the smaller size of the pores, the more
numerous and smaller intercellular pits, and in its mode of growth,
which is always incrusting or in large irregular masses.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

Genus TREMATOPORA Hail.

TREMATOPORA RHOMBIFERA 1. Sp.

Bryozoum forming slender solid branches, with distant diverging
ramifications; their surface marked by densely crowded, rhombic
pores with narrow partition walls, carinate on their edges. Cells
generally equal-sided, and arranged spirally around the branch, their
vertical greater than their transverse diameter. The branches vary

104 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

in-diameter from two-hundredths of an inch, to, rarely, a sixteenth of
an inch.

In some well preserved examples of evenly weathered specimens
a narrow groove or channel is seen passing from the upper and lower
angle of the cells on to the surface, nearly uniting with that from the —
cells above and below, which may sometimes pass entirely over, leav-
ing a double carina between the lines of pores; but this feature has
been seldom observed.

This species is closely allied in some points to 7. regularis, with
which it is often associated, but differs essentially in the arrangement
uf the pores; that species having pores in longitudinal lines with an
elevated ridge between, while in this species they are always spirally
arranged ; in worn specimens the difference is less distinctly seen.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, and at Scho-
harie, New York.

TREMATOPORA SIGNATUS 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming slender, tortuous branches, seldom more than
four-hundredths of an inch in diameter ; bifurcations frequent, widely
divergent. Surface marked by comparatively large polygonal pores,
rather longer than wide, with partition walls carinate on the surface
in unworn specimens, but frequently flattened from weathering or
other causes, and in this condition the pores appear circular. In
the angles formed by the junction of three or more pores are often
seen minute pits, similar in appearance to the intercellular pits in
Callopora, but which are probably the commencement of additional
pores.

This is a clearly distinct and easily recognized species. It has
much the appearance of a minute species of Striatopora and the form
of cell apertures, their upward direction, radiating from the center of
the branch, their angular outline and large size, would seem to ally
it with that genus ; ‘but no trace of the characteristic striee can be
seen. It is closely allied to Z. constricta from which it can be distin- —
guished by the larger and angular pores as well as by the numerous
intercellular pits of that species. -

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the ‘Lower
Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

TREMATOPORA CONSTRICTA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming hollow bifureating branches, generally about
an eighth of an inch in diameter, rarely nearly twice these dimen-

LowER H&ELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 105

sions: surface of branches smooth, having a worn appearance. Cell
apertures small, round or slightly elongate, distant from each other
once and a half to twice their own diameter; with a narrow
depressed space surrounding the aperture; intercellular spaces
smooth or but slightly channeled. On smooth silicified specimens
the dermatic film, covering the intercellular spaces, is often thin and
translucent, with the appearance of opercula caused by the refraction
of light from the small cavities beneath. Inner surface of the
branch-tubes transversely wrinkled and obscurely striated longitudi-
nally by the recumbent portion of the cell tubes.

Formation and locality—On weathered surfaces of the shaly
limestones of the Lower Helderberg group, near Clarksville,
Albany county, New York. (Rather abundant.)

TREMATOPORA CORTICOSA ”. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in long, irregular, solid branches, with distant
ramifications, which are often more than an inch apart, and diverging
at an angle of about ninety degrees ; diameter of branches one-eighth
of an inch or less. Cells numerous, elongate-ovate, sometimes elon-
gate-hexagonal, deeply impressed. Intercellular spaces strongly
elevated, forming roughened ridges between the cells, like the minia-
ture roughened bark of a tree.

This species is easily recognized by the rough surface and distant,
widely-diverging branches. It is not ‘very abundant.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

TREMATOPORA DENSA 2. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in solid, ramose branches, an eighth of an inch
or less in diameter; their surface closely covered by small polygonal
cells, with narrow, flattened interspaces, Cells rising from the center
of the branch and rapidly diverging to the exterior; cell apertures
various in size and irregular in position. Intercellular spaces solid
on the exterior, cellulose within; the surface at the angles between
the adjacent cells elevated, rising into small node-like tubercles.

In general aspect this species has the appearance of a small finely
marked Cheetetes; but where broken so as to show the hollow tubes
and cellulose intertubular space, its character as a Trematopora is
clearly marked. In size and general appearance it has some resem-
blance to 7. corticosa, but is easily distinguished by the smaller and
less elongate cells, and less elevated intercellular substance.

106 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Catskill creek, Greene county, New York.

TREMATOPORA PONDEROSA 2. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in heavy masses, consisting of lamellar accre-
tions; surface structure consisting of comparatively large pores,
distant from each other about their own diameter; margins of pores
elevated, often extending over and constricting their apertures, espe-
cially on the posterior margin, and forming elevated hood-like pro-
jections. Intercellular area depressed or channeled, but destitute of
pits or other markings. Under-surface of the lamellee with radiating
strie, and marked by strong concentric wrinkles. In vertical section
the intercellular substance is seen to be strongly vescicular, the par-
titions dome-shaped, and the cell tubes with frequent constrictions.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Catskill creek, Greene county, New York.

TREMATOPORA MACULOSA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in irregular foliate or incrusting masses; cells
approximate with depressed spaces between; apertures hooded in
some stages of growth. Surface of frond studded with numerous
comparatively large macule on which the cells are more sparsely
arranged. Intercellular tissue strongly vesiculose seen in a vertical
section. Under surface of frond strongly corrugated.

This species differs from 7. ponderosa in the spots on the sur-
face, in the mode of growth (in distorted or explanate fronds), and in
the more strongly corrugated epithecal crust of the inferior surface.

Formation and locality—In shaly limestone of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, on Catskill creek, Greene county ; and near Hudson,
New York. ‘

TREMATOPORA REGULARIS 7. Sp.

Bryozoum forming very slender, solid branches, with frequent,
widely-diverging bifurcations; diameter of branches seldom more
than three-hundredths of an inch. Cells elongate-oval, in longitudi-
nal rows and in quincunx order, between the rows of cells the space
is often elevated into a longitudinal ridge, with finely serrated crest
in well-preserved specimens.

This species is often abundant on the surface of weathered slabs.

The slender branches and regular arrangement of cells distinguish
it; while the ridges are frequently worn away leaving a smooth >

Lower HEeELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 107

surface between the rows of cells. Well preserved specimens from
Catskill creek show a short spine at the lower end of the celi aper-
ture; a feature not observed in other localities.

Formation and locality—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

PALESCHARA Wow. Gen.

Bryozoum parasitic, or free, forming incrustations upon the sur-
faces of other fossils, or in independent frondose expansions. Surface
with polygonal cellules, separated by thin solid walls; without evi-
dence of rays or transverse septa.

The mode of growth is not dissimilar from that of a recent Flustra
- in its earlier stages, but the cells are less regularly arranged and the
whole has a stronger and firmer aspect.

PALESCHARA INCRUSTANS 7. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in flustra-like expansions, incrusting shells and
other bodies; sometimes more than an eighth of an inch in thick-
ness from additions of growth. Cell apertures moderately large,
polygonal; five to seven in the space of one-tenth of an inch; walls
thick, their margins elevated at the angles of the cell apertures into
obtuse projections, which are not sufficiently long to be characterized
as spines. Sometimes the surface exhibits macule of larger cells;
but this feature is obscure. —

The general expression of this Bryozoan is that of a Flustra; the
the cells are very similar to some forms of Chetetes; but no trans-
verse partitions have been discovered.

formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

PALESCHARA BIFOLIATA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in broad, spreading fronds, or thin expansions,
celluliferous on one or both sides, with an epithecal crust forming the
base of the cells. The same or similar epithecal expansions may be
found incrusting other substances. Surface of the frond covered
with small, closely arranged, slightly elevated macule, formed of
larger cells, with thicker walls than those dividing the ordinary cells.
Cells polygonal, often slightly-elongated hexagons, in undulating or
tortuous lines or irregularly disposed ; cells rectangular to the plane
of the frond or slightly inclined ; without transverse plates, walls thin.

~~ 108 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Macule distant from each other two to three times their own
diameter. Thickness of the frond two to three-hundredths of an
inch when single; width in one specimen more than an inch and a
half. Seven to nine cells in one-tenth of an inch between the
maculee. :

This species resembles some of the so-called Cheetetes of the Hud-
son river formation of Cincinnati, Ohio. In the cell arrangement
and the macula it may be compared with C. pavonia of D’Qrb.; but
the expansions are never so thick as in that one, though sometimes
occurring double.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestone of the Lower
Helderberg greup, Schoharie, New York. '

Genus CERAMOPORA Aall.

CERAMOPORA MACULATA 7. Sp.

Bry.ozoum growing in thin disc-like expansions, incrusting shells
and other bodies, or free; with a wrinkled epithecal crust beneath ; ©
flat or depressed on the upper side. Disc covered with larger and
smaller polygonal pores, the larger ones forming macule at irregular
distances, and often formed by the union of two or three ‘smaller
cells. The cells radiate from the center, their apertures directed
towards the margin of the disc, a little elongate, with the walls
slightly elevated at the angles, forming angular projections. In
small specimens the apertures are more elongate; and in the very
young condition, where the cells are just forming on surfaces, they
are extremely elongate with the posterior portion of the aperture —
hooded, and having an indistinct radiation from each of the macule.
This character becomes obscured in older specimens from the bend-
ing upwards of the cells in the process of growth.

Discs from one-fourth of an inch to one inch and a half, or more,
in diameter; the thickness in larger specimens an eighth of an inch.
Between the maculee about five cells occupy a tenth of an inch. |

This species resembles C. ¢mbricata of the Niagara limestone, but —
differs in the less distinctly hooded apertures, the macule more
obscure and less strongly divided and radiate, and it also grows much
larger.

Formation and locality.—In shaly limestones of the Lower Hel-

derberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, and at Schoharie,
New York. beaks btaeh

LoweER HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 109

CrrAMOPORA (BERENICEA) MAXIMA 2. sp.

Bryozoum of a depressed convex form, composed of cells which
radiate from the center of the disc, and open laterally, inclined at an
angle of about forty-five degrees to the plane of the disc near the
center, and becoming more prone as they approach the margin.
Cell apertures irregularly hexagonal, somewhat elongated from the
projection of the anterior or lower margin; diameter of the opening
about one-twentieth of an inch; cell walls thick, obscurely striate
inside, their margins at the angles of the cells prolonged in a spine-
like process. Under surface unknown.

The single specimen found, measures nearly three-fourths of an inch

' in diameter. It has the general features of those Paleozoic species

usually referred to Berenicea, but is much larger than the usual
size of those. It resembles a Michelina with very small pores; but
on examination its characters are more of a Bryozoan, especially the
projections at the angles of the cell walls.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestone of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

VERMIPORA Wov. Gen.

Bryozoum growing in ramose branches, which are composed of
small cell tubes, growing upon each other side by side, without
intertubular or cellulose substance, and destitute of rays, or trans-
verse partitions within the tubes. Tubes rising from the center of
the branch, gradually diverging, and opening upwards on the exte-
rior surface; each tube forming the apex of the branch at the time
of its origin, and giving place to succeeding cells in its diverging
outward.

The Bryozoans referred to this genus are ramose branches,
formed by the union of serpula-like tubes, cemented upon each other,*
their apertures directed upwards and opening on the side of the
branch, increasing in size with the increased diameter of the branch.

There are no new cells formed by interstitial additions, the increased

size of branch being dependent on the increased size of the tubes
themselves. In a transverse section the appearance is of a bundle of
compressed tubes, cemented together; the floor of the outer ones
being formed by the exterior walls of the two just beneath it, and
between which it has been formed. Of this peculiar type of Bryo-
zoans we know yet of but two species, one of which is in the Upper
Helderberg limestone.

110 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

‘VV ERMIPORA SERPULOIDES 7. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in strong ramose branches, with -widely-diverg-
ing bifurcations: branches often one-fourth of an inch in diameter,
rapidly decreasing in size at the bifurcations, composed of long,
slender tubes, which gradually diverge from the axis to the exterior
of the branch. Tubes flexuose, compressed, smooth on the exterior,
or with corrugations of growth; gradually increasing in size upward.
Apertures opening rectangularly to the axis (when entire), their
greatest diameter about three hundredths of an inch, and with about
an eighth of an inch of their length exposed, on branches which are
one-fourth of an inch in diameter.

Lormation and locality. —In limestone of the Lower Helden
ecnp, at Schoharie, New York.

Genus AULOPORA. Goldf.

AvuLoPoRA SCHOHARIE 7. sp.

Cells tubular, elongate, cylindrical or gradually enlarging to the
aperture, frequently budding in a direct line, including an angle of
about eighty degrees, varying somewhat in different specimens:
apertures large, circular, opening upward, or directed slightly for-
ward; walls thin, not striate within; exterior of the tubes smooth -
or with transverse wrinkles of growth. Length of cell tubes about
one-fourth of an inch; diameter of aperture five-hundredths of an
inch; greatest diameter of tube one-third greater than that of the
cell apertures; diameter of the posterior extremity of tube equal to
one-half that of the aperture.

This species is much smaller than that in the’ Hamilton group
referred to A. tubweformis Gold.; it corresponds more nearly in
size to A. serpens var. minor Gold. .. in Petref. Germ., p. 82, pl. 29,

f.1b.; but is larger than the figure; the extremities of the tubes
are more unequal, and the mode of erowth and bifurcation differ.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Schoharie, New York.

Genus CHATETES /ischer.

Cuazretes HELDERBERGIA 1. sp.

Bryozoum growing in strong, ramose branches, or palmate fronds ;
the diameter of the branches sometimes five-eighth’ of an inch, and
, : :

Lower HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. lll

the fronds several inches in length. Cell tubes polygonal, very long
and slender, rising from the center of the branch and gradually
curving outward to the surface; increased by interstitial additions ;
diameter of the cells at the surface of the branch about a hundredth
of an inch. Transverse floors or partitions distant in the lower part
of the tube, becoming more numerous towards the outer end, and
near the surface the distance from each other is less than the diame-
ter of the tube.

In well preserved silicified specimens the cell walls on the surface
are comparatively thick, the margins slightly elevated at the junc-
tion of cells, but not spine-like, the young cells appearing in the
angles; in the interior of the branches the cell walls are obliquely

corrugated. No macule have been seen on the branches.
This is a beautiful and not uncommon species.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, at Catskill creek, near Clarksville, and at Scho-
harie, New York. , |

CHAETETES SPHERICA 7. Sp.

Bryozoum growing in large convex or hemispherical masses, com-
posed of cell tubes radiating from within and diverging more rapidly
as they approach the surface of the mass. Tubes small, polygonal,
increased by interstitial additions; transverse partitions three, four
or more times the diameter of the tube; cell walls very thin and
corrugated. The surface of the mass is marked by macule, situ-
ated about a fourth of an inch from centre to centre, composed of
cells which are about twice the size of the intermediate cells; the
addition of new cells mostly takes place within the macula. About
eight of the intermediate cells occupy the space of a tenth of an inch.

This species grows in very convex masses of sometimes four or
more inches in diameter. On cursory observation it has the appear-
ance of Havosites conica, with which it is associated, but it is com-
posed of smaller tubes which are destitute of intereommunicating

pores, and the transverse plates are more distinct, while also the
maculated surface distinguishes the species.

Formation and locality.—In shaly limestones of the Lower Hel-
derberg group, near Clarksville, and on Catskill creek.

Genus FAVOSITES Zam.

Favosrres HeLpErBerGLe n. sp.

Corallum growing in large, lenticular, depressed-convex or hemi-
spherical masses, with a wrinkled epithecal surface on the under side

112 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

when perfect. Cell tubes averaging one-twentieth of an inch, poly-
gonal, their inner surface showing evidence of a few strong longitudi-
nal strie; the walls rather thin, but greatly increasing by silicifica-
tion; the sides perforated by a single row of medium sized pores
communicating with the adjacent cells; transverse partitions numer- —
ous, one, two, or sometimes three in a space equal to the diameter of
the tube, the margins bent downwards at the junction with the cell-
walls, and often perforated in one of the depressions.

In many specimens, « few of the cell-tubes are larger than those
surrounding them, measuring about one-sixteenth of an inch, with
thicker walls, and being less angular. A single specimen from
Coeymans’ Landing has slightly larger tubes on one portion, while
in all the rest the cells have the ordinary characters.

The longitudinal striz seen on some silicified specimens are not
constant, and are not seen on calcareous specimens, and may be a fea-
ture produced in the process of silicification. |

This species differs from the Upper Helderberg form known as J. »
basaltcca in the smaller tubes and more closely arranged partitions.

formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Olarksville, Albany county. It is here
found weathered out from the rock and silicified, frequently in
masses of a foot or more in diameter. Smaller specimens of what
appear to be the same or a closely allied form occur at Cole’s quarry,
in Herkimer county, New York.

F'AVOSITES CONICA 7. Sp.

Coral forming conical masses, flattened at the base, composed of
moderately large, strongly diverging, polygonal cells, curving more
abruptly towards the surface of the mass; dividing walls thin, per-
forated by large, round, intercellular pores in one, two, or sometimes
three series: those series which consist of a single range have the
pores vertical one above the other; in the series of two ranges, they
generally alternate with each other; where there are a greater num-
ber, the pores are irregularly disposed : margins of pores are usually
slightly thickened. Transverse partitions closely arranged, two or
three in a distance equal to the diameter of the tube. Tubes very
variable in size and shape, some being not more than four-hun-
dredths of an inch in diameter, while many are an eighth of an inch ;
the larger cells are six or more sided, the smaller cells four or five
sided, or triangular, a feature not common in Favosites; but the
triangular cells are usually small and near the base and soon become
pentagonal from the truncation of two of the angles.

LoweER HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS. 1138

’

The conical form of the specimens, and the inequality of the cells,
distinguish this species from every other known Favosites. The speci-
mens are usually from one inch to nearly three inches in diameter.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestone of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county, New York.

Favosires? MINIMA 7”. sp.

Coral forming globose or compressed globose bodies, composed of
minute radiating cells, about two-hundredths of an inch in diameter ;
having comparatively thicks walls which are perforated at regular
distances by large pores, distant from each other less than the diame-
ter of the tube, a single series on each face of the tube. Transverse
plates rather closely arranged.

From the globular form of this small species and where the exter-
nal characters are obscured by shale, it may be mistaken for the spe-
cies of Astylospongia found in the same rocks. From the extreme
tenuity of the tubes it presents the appearance of Cheetetes, but par-
tially decomposed specimens from Catskill creek show very beautifully
the casts of the intercellular pores connecting the different tubes.
The original cells were probably formed upon some foreign substance,
but from their rapid growth and curvature they soon close around
and form spherical bodies generally a little distorted. Specimens
an inch and a half or less in diameter.

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county; and Catskill
creek, Greene county, New York.

Genus MICHELINA De Koninck.

MIcHELINA LENTICULARIS 7. Sp.

Coral forming small lenticular bodies, the lower surface the less
convex, and covered with a strongly wrinkled epitheca; cells large
and few, broadly campanulate, with narrow partition walls strongly
marked by granulose or denticulate longitudinal strize, the number
varying with the size of the cell.

In a specimen of little more than three-fourths of an inch in diam-
eter, there are about twelve cells, the larger ones somewhat more
than three-tenths of an inch in diameter: the whole height of the
specimen is about the same.

This is a very small species, seldom attaining a diameter of more
than one inch. This character, with the large cells and their strongly
granulose striz, are distinctive features.

114 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM,

Formation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
Helderberg group, near Clarksville, Albany county ; and at Scho-
harie, New York. ; 4

Genus STRIATOPORA fall.
STRIATOPORA Issa n. 8p.

Coral growing in strong ramose branches, with distant bifurca-—
tions; branches three-eighths of an inch or more in diameter. Cells”
rising from the center of the branch, rapidly increasing in size, and
curving outward to the surface; apertures very unequal, polygonal,
strongly striated on the inside, the number of strize increasing with
the size of the aperture; walls not very thick, perforated by large,
round pores situated between the striz, and increasing in number
with the increase of striz. The larger cell-apertures somewhat more
than a tenth of an inch in diameter.

This is the most robust species of this genus yet noticed, and the
cells are large in proportion. It ig not a very common form, and is
generally found in detached pieces on the weathered surfaces of
blocks of limestone.

Formation and locality.—In limestones of the Lower Helder-
berg group.

Genus STREPTELASMA fall.

STREPTELASMA (PETRAIA) STRICTA 7. Sp.

Cup narrowly turbinate, very gradually and regularly enlarging
at an angle of about thirty degrees, straight or slightly curved
except the small apex which is sometimes more abruptly bent.
Exterior surface strongly and distinctly ribbed longitudinally, and
marked with concentric, unequal undulations of growth: longitudi-
nal ribs rounded, from forty-five to fifty-five on specimens, at a point
where the diameter is half an inch; the increase of ribs or rays taking
place usually at three distinet points, but sometimes only at two
points. Interior of cup broad and deep, with thin sharp margin; the
lamelle not projecting into the cup until near the bottom, but form-
ing low, rounded rays, a little stronger than those on the exterior.

In a slightly flattened specimen which is one inch by three-fourths
of an inch in diameter at the margin, with length which has been
about one inch and seven-eighths, the number of rays at the margin
is fifty-five; about half of these reach to the center, the other half
project only a little beyond the walls at the base of the cup.

; Ture ae

- ” : a
oe. eee Sat,

my Nar

cR HELDERBERG BrYozoA AND CORALS. 115

— are smooth on the edge, and strongly granu-
the Pixies below, and sometimes more or less twisted in their
n to the center, although generally direct; uniting and
- near the middle, forming an indistinct plate or reales

“The ‘secondary lamelle strongly denticulate on the edge below the
rf: face of the other lamella. Fosset obscure or obsolete.

is species is distinguished by the rigid straightness of its form,
‘ongly ribbed exterior, and the deep wide cup with undeve-
rays or ribs: and in these characters differs from both those of
iagara group and also. from those in the higher formations.

mation and locality.—In the shaly limestones of the Lower
rberg group, at Catskill creek, Greene county; near Clarks-
ae county ; at Schoharie, and at numerous other localities
i ork.

[ON en ae

LOWER HELDERBERG BRYOZOA AND CORALS.

PAGE.

Anlopora Schohariz .\.)...0...-~-+-56 4140
serpens Vv. minor...) 22 2.22 0
tubzeformis. 110
Callopora elesrantula, .... 5. o0.-.-., LOL
HeterOpora i.) cece shes owns. 1 OZ

NAW ALC) Wade iaie cite toa oltre ctncete
WMIACKOPOLA Vcc be seek eben) LOL

Perele sans isi. 2 ss els =p LOR
PONderOsar, st... aceeveck ele
UnISHINA, . 25%. 6. 102
WOMMUSUA tse ce eee wince eee oe OL

Min DYVea fas spe wets aia) inte ee OS
Ceraramopora imbricata maculata... 108
(Berenicea) maxima........_ 109

Chestetes Helderbersire.. 0. nc o-ciee) EO:

DSAVOMIA “5.5.0 ee savas + aes sie OS
Spliaericas)s/ ies aes. eternal
Escharopora ensiformis........°... 100
IV ALA os bin aclepaiee siete a ae kes LO
MEVUIOSE 4. N,'s ties ee beeen reer ee,
COMMS He cele ne ein ote Oe ee,
Favosites basaltiea:. .\sc.al 3.12 22. Os nal
COMIC, hat weet oni bere ame
Ielderbergice a). jis «ome eee
POINWA ssc se eens eee nen Lae
Fenestella crebripora .. ........... 95

Fenestella hemitrypra............,
Tdalia. i. 0202 ae
nervia! 205 5. ead 2 eee
PICUTSOY . <p wee
SYLVIA. 4.0/5 + Use

Dat sek aac ne

Ichthyorachis Neréis............-6:

Michelina lenticularis......

PALESCHARA .....4++4+.0+-+0+-5--

Paleschara bifoliata...............
incrustans..... 1)... eee

Polypora elegans ?.. 7). 5... J: 00 ee

REA) Fri mera. my

wh aidertenemerr

COMtICOSA) . . 5-4 sion asain
GONG. <5 ones aie 2 yl
maculosa-......:¢.:-. eee
ponderosa :.2'2..... ane
regularis eters d
CE) reat aay

Vermipora serpuloides............

ve Ae See Se
q 7 é

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS—NO. IIL.

By J. A. LINTNER.

I], ON THE LARVA OF EUDRYAS UNIO HuBN. AND ALLIED FORMS.

On the 9th of September the larvee of this moth were found feed-
ing on Epilobium coloratum growing in a swampy portion of a pas-
ture. About thirty individuals were collected during a few minutes
search, two or three of the larve, in some instances, occurring on the
same plant. They had nearly attained their maturity ; some of their
number, a day or two after their collection, buried themselves in the
moist sand in which were inserted the plants upon which they were
fed, and on the 16th a pupa was observed, partially extruded from
the sand. Only four of the larvee were carried through to their pupal
change, it having been inconvenient to supply them with suitable
food. The pupze were kept during the winter in a moderately warm

apartment, and on the 8th of April the first disclosed its imago.

The larva bears a strong resemblance to those of /. grata (Fabr.)
and Alypia octomaculata (Fabr.) in shape, markings and colors. Its
prominent features are its bands on each segment of white, black and
orange (a single orange one occurring on the center of the segment),
and a hump on the eleventh segment. A detailed description is as
follows :

Lead rounded, its diameter somewhat exceeding one-half that of the
body, orange with black spots, of which there is an oblong one near
the base of the clypeus, two semi-ellipsoidal ones surmounting its apex
and a small quadrangular one on each side; a perpendicular row of
five spots on each side of the clypeus of which the second superior
one is the largest, a spot above the ocelli, and a row of three behind
them. ody tapering regularly toward the head, from the eleventh
segment, which is elevated in a hump. First segment white, with
two transverse bands of black spots, and with two black bands only
seen when extended. The abdominal segments have each three
white and three black bands on each side of a central orange band.
The orange band is the broadest ; it is marked dorsally on its anterior

118 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

margin by two transversely elongated black spots resting on the
black line margining it, and laterally by two geminate similar ones,

of which the upper is the larger and the lower embraces the stigma;

behind the lower margin of the stigmatic spot, centrally on the band
is a small rounded black tubercle bearing a short hair; on the poste-
rior margin of the band, resting on the bordering black line, are two
subdorsal semi-elliptical black spots, forming with the two anterior

spots a “trapezoid”; between these subdorsal spots are two or four —

black points, of which the two interior sometimes assume the form of
a ‘“dove-tail”? medial process of the black band; the orange band
extends downward to the black bases of the prolegs, midway between
which and the stigmata, on or in range with the third black band, is
an elongated hair-bearing black spot, and posteriorly another similar
one, lower and running into the black bordering the prolegs. The
white band preceding the orange is interrupted or greatly contracted
on the medial line by an enlargement of the black band anterior to
it, and is marked with a small piliferous black dot in front of the
stigma. On the second and third segments the orange band is
marked with a row of eight spots, of which the six superior are
located in the middle of the band, and the two inferior coalesce with
the black band margining it behind. On the eleventh segment the
trapezoidal fuscous spots are of a well-defined oval form; above the
stigma is another similar spot. On the twelfth segment the corres-
ponding spots are round, and the trapezoid has its broadest side in
front. The anal shield bears two spots centrally and five marginal
ones, of which the medial one is elongated. On the sides of the
larva a yellowish shade rests on the incisures. Ventrally, white and
black interrupted bandings are observable on the abdominal segments
when extended; the thoracic region is almost wholly white; on seg-
ments four and five the orange band is continued beneath, inclosing
on the former four and on the latter six rounded black spots. The
legs are dull yellow, tipped or edged on the two joints with black,
and dotted with black interiorly. The prolegs are dull yellow, with

a velvety black base, and with two lateral lines and three black spots |

(one small); the terminal pair have a black line outwardly and a
cluster of black spots behind, which, as well as all of the black spots
noticed in the above description, are piliferous, having the hair
somewhat longer and stouter than in grata.

Length of the mature larva one inch and one-eighth; diameter
three-sixteenths of an inch.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 119

z: The larva has not, that I am aware of, been previously described,
ens. can I find any positive record of its observation. It seems to
have oceurred at Otisco, N. Y., for, in reply to some inquiries
directed from that place to Mr. C. V. Riley, the answer is returned
that “the Endryas larva which feeds on Epilobiwm coloratum, or
_ Purple-veined Willow-herb, is in all probability 4. wnzo Hiibner,
although we cannot determine positively unless specimens are sent.’”*
_ Harris, Fitch and Riley describe the moth, but were doubtless unac-
_ quainted with its larva; for Harris states his ignorance of it; and,

although Dr. Packard asserts that Fitch has raised both grata and
unio from the grape, + there is reason to believe that Dr. Fitch had
assigned to unio, without any knowledge of its habits, the food-plant
of which it was natural to suppose it would partake in common with
its congener;{ and Mr. Riley also probably includes it among his
“blue caterpillars of the vine,’ § without personal observation, but
from a reliance on the usual accuracy of the statements of Dr. Fitch.
| At present we have no information of its having been found on
any other plant than Zpilobiwm coloratum. It is quite remarkable
that two species, so closely allied, should have such dissimilar food-
plants. The fact suggests an interesting inquiry, whether wnio be
"i confined to Epilobium, or if it occurs on other of the Onagracez,
_ or even ranges to some other order. As grata is known to feed on
= Ampelopsis as readily as on the grape, it is not improbable that a
-__ eareful examination, during the month of September, of the common
evening primrose (@nothera biennis), may be rewarded by a dis-
covery of wnio upon it.

Two other larvee occur in New York, viz., Alypia octomaculata
and Psychomorpha epimenis (Drury), which bear so strong a resem-
__ blance to the Eudryades, that the four are liable to be confounded,
not only by the casual observer, but by the entomologist who may
not have acquainted himself with their characteristic features.

Of A. octomaculata, Harris remarks, | “ It resembles the larva of
EHudryas grata in its colorings and markings so much, that, before I

* The American Entomologist, 1870, vol. ii, p. 59.

+ Proc. Essex Institute, 1864, vol. iv, p. 27.

t Third Report on the Insects of New York, p. 81.

§ Second Report on the Insects of Missouri, 1870, p. 83.
’ I Batomological Correspondence of Thaddeus William Harris, M. D., Boston, 1867,
. ?p. 116.
can

120 Twenry-sixtH Repor?r on Tig Stare Musevm.

was acquainted with its manners, I have frequently taken the one
for the other ;” and again, when writing of Z. grata (loc. cit. p. 188), —
he says: “The position of the larva in repose, with its head depressed,
and the third and fourth segments arched upwards, give it a hunch-
backed appearance; the attitude, disposition of the colors and the
habitat, are similar to those of the larva of Alypia octomaculata.”

Several of the larvee of P. epimenis, sent to Mr. Riley by corres-
pondents and also collected by himself from grape-vines, were referred ©
by him, although with some doubt, to A. octomaculata,* and were
figured in association with the imago in one of his plates. Subse-
quently he was able to rear octomaculata from its larva, which he
figures and describes, correcting the first erroneous reference. + But
in continuation of the confusion, the epemends larva is now made to
stand (with a reservation) for 4. wnzo, the larval state of which was
then unknown; and only in a following report does it find its true
name and proper place beside the beautiful imago which it produces.
I mention the above, not to reflect, in the slightest degree, upon
Mr. Riley, whose able reports are conceded to be very valuable
acquisitions to science, but as an illustration of the close resemblances
existing among these larve. If they are capable of thus puzzling so
accurate an observer, there certainly is need of faithful description,
or at least a statement of prominent features and differences, that
their identification, whenever met with, may not be a matter of doubt!

I regret that I have no memoranda, or material at hand, to enable
me to institute a full comparison between the most nearly allied of
these larvee, viz., octomaculata, grata and unio. I have only at
command two alcoholic examples of uno, three immature forms of
grata, and one collected: several years ago and labeled grata but
which I believe to be octomaculata.

The comparative length of the hairs will, in all probability, prove
a sufficient distinction between the last two. Harris (Znt. Corr., p.
286,) describes the mature larva of octomaculata, taken July 16th,
as transversely banded with orange and dotted with black, the dots |
being in two alternate rows, and all of them emitting distinct, long, ©
whitish hairs. In a young larva found by him July 2d, between
one-fourth and one-third of an inch long, the hairs were very distinct.
Of grata, occurring abundantly on the grape-vine, August 10th, he

* First Report on the Insects of Missouri, 1869, p. 1386.
+ Second Report on the Insects of Missowri, 1870, p. 80.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 121

writes (loc. cit., p. 306), “larva entirely naked ;” and, on page 307,
he institutes a comparison between the caterpillars of the Agaristiade,
“which are sparingly covered with hairs,” and those of Eudryas, “ in
which the caterpillar is not at all hairy.” The two figures of grata
given in the Treatise on Insects Injurious to Vegetation, represent
the larva as hairless. Riley (2d Rep. Jns. Mo., p. 80) says of octo-
maculata, “each spot or tubercle gives rise to a white hair,” and of
grata (1. ¢., p. 83), that it differs from the preceding by the hairs
being less conspicnous. Of the latter species Mr. W. Saunders *
states that “the bands are dotted with round black dots, from each of
which arises a single short brown hair.”

In the examples of the larve (about half-grown) of grata before
me, the hairs do not exceed in length the breadth of the central band,
and are noticeable only on close observation. In octomaculata they
are quite long, equaling in length the diameter of the body, if we
may refer to this species the description by Dr. Packard t of some
larvee- collected by Mr. Putnam on the grape-vine, and deposited as
grata \arve in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge.
The description of the grata larva, given in the Guide to the Study
of Insects, pp. 281-2, with its hump on the eighth ring, and each
segment having across it a row of tubercles which give rise to three
fascicles of hairs, evidently refers to some other form.

The following may be noticed as distinguishing features of these
closely allied forms, which should serve to remove all occasion for
confounding the two first mentioned with one another or with the
Eudryades :

The larva of Psychomorpha epimenis (also a grape-vine feeder) has
on each segment. four white and
four black bands (four-banded on a aug, o C&S

white ground), and is without the FRgf Cal RIAU

orange band which exists in the QRMa} ial a.
Alig ino art eae
other three. The spots which con- Z a
Mra. 2. spicuously mark the others are obsolete in this.

In Fig. 1 the larva is represented at a; 6 is an en-
larged representation of one of the segments, and in
c is given the marking of the hump on the eleventh
segment. The male imago is shown in Fig. 2.

* First Ann. Rep. on the Noxious Insects of the Province of Ontario, 1871, p. 35.
+ Notes on the Family Zygenida, in Proc. Ess. Ins., vol. iv., p. 28.

192 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

The larva of Alypia octomaculata is marked on each segment with

eight black bands (counting the two which border the broad central
Fie. 3.

orange band), as shown in a of Fig. 3,
and more distinctly in the enlarged
view of one of the segments at 0 ; from
the black dots long white hairs are given
out (represented too short in the figure),
and below the stigmata, on segments
four to nine, is a row of white spots,
with a large white spot extending over
PEL x the incisure of the tenth and eleventh
segments. At c, a view is given of the

imago of this species.
The larvee of Hudryas grata and of #. wnzo have six black bands
ee and a central orange one on each of the |
& principal segments; they are without
MW} the white lateral patches, and have a
’ prominent hump on the eleventh seg-
ment. A representation of the imago :
of L. grata is given in Fig. 4, for com-
parison with octomaculata and epimenis,
and to illustrate the fact well known to those who have studied the
larvee of our Lepidoptera, that very dissimilar moths are frequently
produced from larvee closely resembling one another.*

I regret my inability to give, at the present, the differential fea-
tures of grata and unto. At maturity they differ in size, wnzo being
invariably the smaller. In markings they resemble one another so
closely, that Mr. Riley, after a critical comparison of examples of
unio Which I had sent to him, with some examples of grata in his
possession (probably alcoholic), writes me, that he finds the two spe-
cies absolutely indistinguishable.

While specific differences may not be detected in alcoholic indi-
viduals, there is scarcely any doubt but that sufficient characters for

their identification could be obtained from a comparison of the colors _

of the living forms. Having lately seen a large number of grata
larvee (at Portland, Me., in August, 1873), I may safely assert that
the two species differ materially in their general aspect. While
unable to state from recollection what these differentia are, I believe
that wnzo will prove to be characterized by more prominently marked

* The figures illustrating this article are from the excellent drawings of Mr. C. VY.
Riley.

_ ENToMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 123

black bands laterally and ventrally, and by the yellowish shade rest-
ing on the incisures laterally.

Tt i is possible that the minute description which Mr. Riley proposes
shortly to give of grata, drawn from a large number of living larvae,
when compared with the detailed description which I have endeavored
to give of wnzo, may develop such points of difference as will permit
of the ready recognition of these two forms, peculiarly interesting
from the close resemblance existing between them.

Since the above has been put in type, I have been able to compare
my two examples of /. wnio larvee with six alcoholic examples of
E. grata, and, as the result of such comparison, I am compelled to
disagree with Mr. Riley as above quoted, for while the two are very
similar in their ornamentation, yet I find such differences that (pro-
vided the features to be referred to prove constant in larger numbers)
I would have no difficulty in selecting a single mature individual of
either species from among a thousand of the other. Through the
kindness of Mr. Riley, I am able to accompany this paper with an
excellent figure from drawings made by himself of the larva of
£. grata, and also (for the first time) a representation of the beautiful
egg of this species. Ata the larva _ Fig. 5.
is shown of its natural size; at d, (fei
one of the segments (the fifth) en-
larged ; at c, the ordinary ornamen-
tation of the collar, differing in
some examples by the addition of @se8
several (to the number of eight)
central dots; at d, the usual marking of the hump on the eleventh
segment ; é represents the egg as seen from above, and / is a side-
view of the same (natural size shown with the enlarged figures).

The following are the principal differences that I find in the two
species :

Contracted by their preservation in alcohol, the two wnzo larvee
average in length 1.05 in.; the six yrata 1.29 in. They differ in
form, in that the latter presents much the more prominent hump on
the penultimate segment, and is angulated at that point to a degree
that were it a vertebrate, it would suggest the idea of its terminal
portion dragging from having been broken at that point; in wnzo
the hump is moderate and the peculiar angulated form, well repre-
sented in the figure, is not seen.

Unio is the more heavily marked with black, both in its bands

124 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

and spots. In none of the examples of grata are the black bands
broader than one-half the width of the intervening white ones, while
in one wnio their average width is nearly double that of the white.
The spots on the head are the same in position in both species, but
are smaller in grata. In that species there are usually two distinct
piliferous spots on the base of the clypeus; in two of my examples
these are confluent, running together by slender projections in a
broad V-form: in wnzo the two are united as a band across the clypeus.
In unzo a black spot, broadly rounded beneath, following the curved
line of the ocelli, and tapering to a point above, incloses the four
superior ocelli: this is not present in grata, but in two examples some
of the ocelli are indistinctly annulated with black.

At c, im Fig. 5, the spots on the collar of grata are faithfully repre-
sented in position, but their size might have been slightly enlarged.
In unio, the four spots of the anterior row are separate, but those of
the posterior row, from their greater size as compared with grata,
are confluent, except the two medial ones: in grata, these spots are
‘separated by spaces varying from one diameter of a spot to two and
one-half diameters.

The spots on the caudal enn of’ grata, shown at d, in the figure,
are isolated, while in wo those in each row are connected ie the
black band to which they are united.

Similar comparisons might be instituted of all the other spots of
the two species, but the above may indicate their differences. The
feature which should serve better than any other to distinguish wnzo
is the blackish coloring (its outline not permitting its designation as
a stripe), above the prolegs and continued on the two following seg-
ments, the three piliferous spots above the prolegs being connected —
with it; this is entirely wanting in grata. It results, apparently,
from the increasing breadth and coalescence of the black bands as_
they descend to the ventral region. In one of the examples, the ven-
tral region of the proleg segments is essentially blackish, which fea-
ture was also observed in a number of the living larvee, according to
my recollection and that of Mr. Meske, who also collected the larvee
and bred from them several imagines.

The differential features above indicated are not entitled to the ~
reliability that would attach to them, were they drawn from living
examples; but should they prove to be sustained by future observa-
tions, there need be no necessity of failing in the determination of
these species, when either may chance to be collected.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 125

I. TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOME BOMBYCID.

Platysamia Cecropia (Zinn.).

Two larve, measuring .45 in. in length (after, probably, their first
molting), were found, July 13th, feeding on leaves of mountain
ash (Pyrus Americana). The body was dull orange, bearing six
rows of spines, four to six-branched at the tip. In the two dorsal

rows the spines were black, except in front where they were orange,

concolorous with the body ; spines of the remaining rows wholly of
a shining black. The eleventh segment, with but two spines, the
tenth with four, the ninth with five, and the others with six each.
On each segment two black dots between the spines, making them
centers of squares of four dots. Head and legs, when the larvae were’
first taken, of a dark red, subsequently changing to black.

After the second molting, they measured one inch in length and
were of a yellow-green color. On the second and third segments
superiorly, each, two globular-headed red tubercles with seven black
bristles ; on the seven following segments two dorsal rows of yellow
tubercles, swollen apically, of which the two on the fourth segment
are larger than the others and bear seven bristles each, while the
following twelve have but five. On the eleventh segment, medially,
is a single yellow tubercle with eight bristles; on each side of these
yellow tubercles are oblong blavk spots. The two lateral rows of
tubercles light blue and setiferous, and beneath these, on the three
anterior segments, a black pointed tubercle. Head with two con-
verging black lines. Legs with black tarsi, and prolegs each with
a black spot exteriorly.

The subsequent moltings were not observed.

A captured Cecropia deposited over two hundred eggs, and from
her body, after death, nearly a hundred were taken, most of which
were of full size; the entire number was three hundred and five.
In their longest diameter they measured one-tenth of an inch; in
their shortest diameter .083 of an inch.

126 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.

Callosamia Promethea (Drury).

A deposit of eggs hatched July 6th, laid nineteen days before. On
the 14th the first molting occurred. Length of larva 35-100ths of an.
inch. Body pale green, with yellow bands bordered by black ; rows
of tubercles are apparent.

From having previously fed in companies of from twenty to thirty, —
there are now seldom more than six collected on a single leaf. A
larva usually commenced eating into the leaf at a point in its margin,
where it would be joined by others, cutting into the body of the leaf,
until often the entire interior was consumed, leaving an unbroken
margin (except at the entering point) of a breadth barely sufficient
to serve as a support for the larvee

At the second molting, on fie 20th of July, their length was
six-tenths of an inch. Body hght yellow-green, with black transverse -
interrupted markings; on the second and third segments each, two
clubbed yellow tubercles and one on the eleventh ; six rows of smaller
black tubercles. Legs yellow, with a white spot. |

August 1st, the larvae molted for the third time. The subsequent
molting was not noted. On August 9th, some of the colony com-
menced the construction of their cocoons, fifty-two days from ovipo-
sition, and thirty-three days from the disclosure of the larve.

A measurement taken of some eggs of Promethea gave for the
diameters .077 and .063 of an inch. ‘They are of a white color, with
an ochreous-yellow spot on the upper side.

Actias Luna (Zinn.).

From an oviposition of one hundred and eighty eggs, larvae were
developed on July 25th. Body pale green, with a brown lateral
stripe and a dorsal one on the anterior segments, and with rows of
tubercles bearing bristles. Head crossed with a brown stripe.

On July 30th, larvee molted for the first time. Length three-eighths
of an inch. Color pale green. On first segment four red-tipped —
tubercles; on the second and third two similar ones, and a medial
one on the eleventh; the tubercles elsewhere on the body are yellow- —
tipped. The head is marked on front with four black spots forming
nearly a square.

Second molting on August 3d. Length one-half an inch. The
tubercles of the first, second and eleventh segments, above mentioned,
are tipped with deep red, and have several hairs branching from
them. The tubercles of the lower lateral row are also red with

es Ae

~ ae

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 127

hairs ; those of the upper row green and without hairs. The yellow
stripe of the side and the yellow bands marking the incisures now

appear. The two superior of the four spots of the head are no longer

seen. The larva, after its molting, consumes its exuvia.

Third molting on August 9th. Larva seven-eighths of an inch in
length, with no material change in appearance from that presented
in the preceding stage.

The tourth molting was on August 17th, developing all the features
of the mature larva. Length one inch and one-fourth. Color a pale
apple-green, shading darker below the stigmata; incisures yellow,
and a yellow line on the upper margin of the substigmatal fold. Six
rows of small pink warts, each with one or more black hairs. Scat-
tered over the body are a few white hairs, some of which are of a
clavate form. Anal shield brown, triangular, yellow bordered; anal
plates brown, bordered anteriorly with yellow.

By the 31st of the month all of the larve had inclosed themselves
in cocoons.

For several days prior to the disclosure of the moth, the pupa
(which is fastened by its terminal hooks to some threads in the end
of its cocoon) may frequently be heard in motion, as if rotating from
side to side. When the time for its transformation has arrived, the
pupal-shell is broken by the muscular force of the inclosed limbs and
a wet spot appears on the end of the cocoon, indicating the point at
which the moth is to emerge. A sound like gnawing is now heard,
which is probably produced by the friction of the base of the fore-
wings against the cocoon in the effort to force an opening. After
these periods of activity, in which the motion is often sufficient to pro-
duce a considerable movement of the cocoon, intervals of quiet follow.
The wet spot increases in size until its diameter about equals that of
the body of the moth. At length the end yields, and the head of
the moth is seen through the still connected threads. It partially
witlidraws itselt, and then again resumes its effort to escape. After
one or two more rests, the antenne are protruded, shortly followed by
the first pair of legs, when the moth rapidly disengages itself from
the cocvon, usually emerging with its back downward, and quickly
seeks some position where it can attach itself, with its small wet
wings hanging downward over its back. The anterior wings are the
first to expand; next the body of the posterior wings and last the
tails. In about three hours’ time the wings are fully expanded, and,

ry
un
X
a

128 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

by a quick, muscular action, are folded over to their natural position
against the surface on which it rests (if an extended one), and the
insect has attained its full maturity.

In a search made tor Luna cocoons beneath a number of hickories
(Carya alba) at Schoharie, on May 9th, nine were found in a space
of eight feet square. Of eight others collected at this time not more
than one was found underatree. The first imago from these cocoons
emerged May 18th, a male, followed by three other males, after which |
females and other males appeared.

From the following record in my note-book, it would seem that
the season of 1857 was very prolific in Luna moths at Schoharie:

“June 27th. Fine specimens of Attacus Luna are brought to me ©
almost daily, most of which have been taken when the moths had —
but recently emerged and were resting on trunks of hickories. In

three instances where seemingly fresh examples were pinned out of _

doors in the evening, males were found in the morning copulating
with them.”

“July 2d. In a walk of two hours, four females of Adtacus Luna
were found resting on trunks of hickories, at about two feet from the
surface of the ground.”

ini sane tase nia ee
a = t*
po Fee 1

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. | 129

Ill. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVE OF SOME BOMBYCIDA.

Parorgyia parallela Gr.-ob.
The larva was taken at Schoharie during the month of June, 1859,

feeding on the plum. It was tufted similar to that of Orgyza leucos-

tigma, with mouse-colored feathered hairs ; the pencils (from memory)
were black. It made a thin cocoon July 5th, in which its hairs
were loosely woven. The moth emerged July 2list. At rest, its
wings slope like the roof of a house, and its front legs are extended,

giving it an attitude like that of Audryas grata.

On the 25th of July, of the same year, a female moth of this spe-
cies was taken, which, after having been pinned, deposited a number
of eggs from which ten larvee were obtained.

The tufts and pencils of hairs marking the larvee were developed at

_ the second molting (date not noted).

In preparing for their third molting, they spun on the side of the
box in which they were confined a thin web, somewhat larger in
extent than their body, upon which they took position ; their molting
occurred two days thereafter. They continued resting in the same
position for another day, when they commenced to travel slowly
about the box, but refused to eat of any of the tender leaves which
were placed in their path.

Two or three days later (October 1st) it was noticed that they had
again resumed a fixed position on newly spun webs. As, without
feeding and growth, another molting could not be impending, there
was searcely any doubt but that they were now commencing their
period of hybernation, in accordance with their habit at this stage of

their growth. This was evident a month later (November 5th) when

they were found still maintaining their fixed position, but showing
equal sensitiveness upon being touched to that manifested at the
commencement of their rest. They were accordingly set aside in a
cool room for their winter’s repose.

With their heads closely appressed to the surface on which they
rested, they presented the following features :

Length .18 of an inch. Body densely covered with light brown
or fawn-colored hairs, short and even on the back and upper portion

130 | Twenry-stxrH Report on rar Srate Museum.

of the sides, and lower down with a margin of longer and unequal
ones, projecting also behind. On the anterior portion of the body
dorsally, a semicircular dark brown brush-like tuft, convex in front,
and slightly elevated above the surrounding hairs; on the posterior
portion of the body (11th segment?) a similar round tuft of longer
hairs. Two slender pencils of dark brown feathered hairs project in
front of the head. Legs and prolegs light fawn-color. Ventral
region black. ; ;

The attempt to carry the above larve through their hybernation —
met with the ill success that, in nearly every instance, attends similar
‘experiments. In the spring they were found still fastened to their
webs, but dead.

Apatelodes Angelica (Grote).

Head subrotund, dark brown, the clypeus and two lines on the front
lighter brown. ody with the thoracic segments tapering ; terminal
segments tapering and flattened posteriorly ; ventral region flattened ;
the anal legs projecting behind. Color of the body gray; numerous
fine black linings, among which may be traced two forming a vascu
lar stripe, and two similar lateral stripes on each side. On segment
one, anteriorly, are four dorsal white lines, posteriorly black ; segment
two is black anteriorly, behind which are irregular black linings;
segment three as the preceding one; on segments five to ten the dor-
sal black linings assume a V shape, the apex resting on the suture
and inclosing centrally two yellow-green subelliptical spots, with a
similar spot exterior to each within the superior lateral stripe.

From the first segment, long, whitish-brown hairs project over the
head, nearly concealing it; from the middle of the second and third
segments whitish hairs project forward, of which those on the latter
segment are shorter and arranged somewhat in tufts, beneath which,
when extended, some short stiff red hairs are seen; laterally below
the stigmata are two rows of fascicles of. white hairs of unequal
length, mingled with a few longer brown ones, extended rectangu-
larly with the body until to its middle, whence the remainder are
directed backward; from the terminal segment white and brown
hairs, of greater Jength than elsewhere on the body, project horizon-
tally, brush-like, backward; short, whitish hairs are scattered sparsely |
over the body. (Thé larva escaped before its deseription could be
completed, and the remainder is from memory). On the vascular
line, on each segment, is a tuft of black hairs about .06 in. long, the

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 181

ends of which converge to a point. The prolegs project laterally,
almost hidden by the hairs. Ventrally is a broad fuscous stripe.

Eight or ten of the larvee were collected at Bath (near Albany)
during the early part of September, feeding on ash (/’rawinus) ;
also by Mr. Meske, at Sharon Springs, on lilac (Syringa vulgaris).
When not eating, they usually occurred resting on and closely
appressed to a twig. The first transformation to a pupa was on
September 14th. The larva has a marked gastropachean aspect. It
is now for the first time described.

Celodasys unicornis (Sm.-Abb.) Pack.
Larva taken August 3d, feeding on hazel (Corylus Americana).
Head large, ovate, green, with delicate red markings, and with
two black stripes on its front, as shown in Fig. 6 at B. Body with
the thoracic segments | gh he
apple-green, with a don-
ble brown dorsal stripe
extending from the head

c ;

ote
ceaS>

to a long, fleshy, red-tipped spine on the fourth segment, broadly

forked at the tip and bearing two hairs as at ce. ‘ Abdominal seg-
ments reddish-brown, with fine interrupted markings. On the eighth
segment is a double setiferous iump, between which and the anterior
spine C is a white elongated spot as in F, centrally constricted, and
marked with pale red lines. On the eleventh segment is a smaller
hump, between which and that on the eighth is a V-shaped white
spot (E), opening posteriorly. Terminal segment without feet,
forked, as at D, and usually elevated.

As the larva eats into the margin of a leaf, it extends its body
along the excised portion following the curve, holding the edge
between its feet, and in this position, from its color and peculiar out-
line, it can with difficulty be distinguished from the leaf.

The larva has also been found by me on choke-cherry (Prunus
Virginiana), apple, and on plum (July 28th, one-half inch in length).

This species has proved very difficult to rear, as it usually dies
within the cocoon, before assuming the pupal state in the spring.

‘Platycerura furcilla Packard.

Larva eating the leaves of pine (Pinus strobus). Length at matu-
rity one inch and five-eighths. //ead round, of about the diameter
of the body, red with conspicuous markings upon the front of lighter

132 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

red, somewhat in the form of a script #, and less distinct reticulations
of the same. Body presenting a peculiarly mottled appearance from
its irregular and broken stripes; its general color dull red; on each
segment an irregular band of brighter red; a whitish vascular line
within a broken gray stripe; a better defined lateral stripe just above
the stigmata, within which, on each segment from the third to the
eighth inclusive, are four black depressed spots arranged in a right

angle, the upper three in line, the largest of which rests on the crown _

of the segment, with two behind it and one before; the substigmatal
fold is white on the anterior portion of each segment and red on the
remainder; rows of tubercles from which clusters of red hairs of
unequal length proceed, which, on the anterior segments, incline to
yellow; on the first, second, fourth and eleventh segments each,
superiorly, are two pencils of red hairs nearly one-fourth of an inch
in length, darker at the tips and slightly feathered. (These pencils
made their appearance after the last molting.) Stigmata encircled —
with brown. Legs red. |

In the accompanying illustration (Fig. 7) is represented the habit

Fie. and attitude of the larva in feeding. With its
terminal pair of legs clasping the leaves at the
sheath, it extends its body along a leaf until it
commences to bend, when, by detaching succes-
sively the first and following pairs of prolegs,
it forces the leaf through its legs until its tip is
held between them, in the attitude shown in the
figure. When the leaf has been eaten from its
*, %\ tip downward, as far as the contracted segments
+ of the larva will permit, it moves to another leaf,
a] and feeds upon it after the same manner.

I have observed the same method of feeding
in the nearly full-grown larvee of Hllema Harrisi
Clemens. :

Two of the larve above described underwent their last molting
September 17th (1859), and a larva farther advanced spun its cocoon
beneath leaves lying in the bottom of its feeding cage. A second
one spun up on September 25th. An imago emerged June 12th.

The above larve were collected at Schoharie. Examples have
also been found on pine at Bethlehem, near Albany. It has not
been hitherto described.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 133

- The imago is much more rare than the larva, and is seldom met
___-with by the collector.

; Dryocampa rubicunda (/7aér.).

if. Length of mature larva 7.70 inch. Head reddish-brown, with

the ocelli on a lunate spot. Body cylindrical, apple-green, closely
_ dotted with minute, whitish, acute granulations; a darker green,
narrow, dorsal stripe, and broader subdorsal, lateral and stigmatal
stripes, the stigmatal less distinct than the others. Segment one,
with four black tubercles on the collar, the central ones transversely

oval, the outer ones subtriangular; a spine in front of the stigma

and another at the base of the leg. Segments two to eleven, with a

substigmatal row of acute, prominent, black spines pointing back-
__ ward; a lateral row of shorter ones on the inferior margin of the
lateral stripe; a subdorsal row of still shorter ones on the superior
__ margin of the subdorsal stripe, marked with whitish at base supe-
riorly ; a ventral row on and in range with the external basal portion
of the legs and prolegs, those of the prolegs (segments six to nine)
quite small, the other seven (segments one to five, ten and eleven)
nearly as long as the substigmatal ones, except those on the terminal
pair of legs, of which there are two on the base of each, which are
quite minute. All of the above spines black, the three superior ones
in range transversely on the anterior portion of the segment, and the
substigmatal ones on the middle of the segment. In addition to the
above, from the fourth to the twelfth segment inclusive, there is a
row of whitish, black-tipped short spines on the inferior margin of
the subdorsal stripe. Segment two has the two subdorsal spines
replaced by two black, blunt, spinous horns one-eighth of an inch
long, placed below the subdorsal stripe. The four superior spines
of segment eleven, more prominent than the corresponding ones of
the other segments. Segment twelve, with a slightly bifurcate
spine on the dorsal line, the size of the lateral ones of the preceding
segment; another in range with the stigmata, the size of the sub-
stigmatal ones, and having a small branch posteriorly ; a small inter-
mediate one ranging with the lateral line; another of the same
size ranging with the substigmatal line; and a ventral one similar
‘to and ranging with the ventral spines of segments ten and eleven,
making nine spines on this segment, nearly ranging transversely.
Anal shield triangular, margined externally with eight black spinules,
of which the six anterior ones are short, the two terminal ones green

134 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

at base, larger and pointing backward. Stigmata black. Legs tip-
ped with black, the anterior pair with a transversely subelliptical
black spot on the base posteriorly, the second pair with a dot simi-
larly placed. |

The larva feeds on sugar maple (Acer saccharinum). It has been
taken for several consecutive years at Schoharie, frequently, on a
fence beneath a row of maples, during the latter part of July.

Some examples of the larvee entered the ground for pupation on
the 9th of August.

Tolype velleda (Stoll).

Larva at maturity, two and three-fourth inches long, four-tenths of
an inch broad, exclusive of lateral fringes. Head small and flat, and
nearly concealed beneath the two projecting tufts of the first seg-
ments. Body of a bluish-gray color above, with numerous faint —
paler longitudinal linings; on the third segment, superiorly, a black
band, which is more conspicuous when the caterpillar is in motion ;
ventrally pale red. On each segment above are two warts, with
short black hairs, of which the two on the third segment, anterior to
the band, are more elevated. Some short, black and gray hairs,
scarcely visible without a lens, are sprinkled over the body more
abundantly at the extremities and on the sides.- The lateral tufts, pro-
ceeding from warts nearly one-tenth of an inch long, are composed
of light gray and a few black hairs of unequal lengths, the longest
measuring one-fourth of an inch, and some ending in a fan-shaped tip.

When in repose, both extremities of the larva are closely appressed
to the surface on which it rests.

The larva was taken July 28, 1861, feeding on elm. On its body
were several parasitic egus, white, acutely oval, and flat beneath,
which were carefully removed with the point of a knife-blade. It
did not eat after its capture, but remained nearly motionless, with
but two or three changes of place, until the 26th, when it spun its
cocoon, an inch and a half long and se) flat, against the side of the
box in Strat it was secured. |

The imago, a female, was aiseleed thirty-five days thereafter, on
August 30th.

Another larva, found (in 1871) edine on the leaves of a young
apple-tree, made its cocoon on the 10th of July. The imago emerged
August 14th, giving it a pupation of the same length as the preced-
ing one.

-_ ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 185

IV. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF SOME NOCTUIDE.

Acronycta Americana Harris US.

September Ist, found at Center, Albany county, N. Y., resting on
the upper side of an oak leaf, a caterpillar of this species, differing |
in some particulars from the description given in the Lntomological
Correspondence of T. W. Harris, p. 313.

Head of larva dark brown, almost black. Body black, of a silky
luster. On the dorsum, a series of thirteen subelliptical raised spots,
their transverse length nearly equaling the diameter of the body, of
a pale yellow color, orange at the ends, with a black depressed line

dividing them on segments four to nine and eleven; these spots,
with the exception of those on segments two, three, ten and twelve,
have black spatulate bristles springing from a mamilliform base in
the lateral orange portion of the spot; those of the first segment pro-
ject over the head and are six in number (three on each side), of
which the two anterior ones are .13 in. long, and the four posterior .28
in. long; on the abdominal segments they are two in number, .13
in. long; those on the eleventh segment measure .16 of an inch,
and are directed posteriorly nearly in line with the body; those on
the terminal segment are but .06 in. long, and consist merely of
a slender stipe, seeming as if the spatulate tip had been broken off.
These dorsal spots have also two short bristles anterior to the spatu-
late ones, and two additional ones on the spots not furnished with
the spatulate bristles. Above the legs and prolegs a row of convex
shining black crescents, giving out a few hairs ; beneath, behind and
above each stigma is an elevated glossy black spot, each with one or
more short black hairs.
Length of the larva when at rest, from 1.15 in. to 1.25 in.

The larva above described did not produce its moth, nor am I able
to obtain any information of it from any of my correspondents with
whom [ have communicated in relation to it. Mr. F. G. Sanborn,
from whom was obtained the example figured by Packard,* informs
me that the larva has been familiar to him for some years, but that

* Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 305, f. 236.

i
™ir

136 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

he has not been able to rear it to the imago. Mr. L. Trouvelot
writes me that he had taken the larva several times, but had never
been able to raise the imago. On one occasion he had found it in
August, fully developed, on a willow bush growing on a stream, in
the White Mountains. Mr. Packard states (loc. cit.) that it “is
figured in the Harris Correspondence as Acronycta acris? var.
Americana,” buat I do not find any reference to it in the Corres.
pondence as aerzs. As the imago was bred by Harris (he states
that it appeared’ June 28th), it may possibly be identified in the
Harris collection.* It may, therefore, be presumed to have been
correctly referred generically, for although the larva differs remark-
ably from all other known American forms of Acronycta, yet we
may recall the great diversity existing among the European Acro-
onyctas in their forms and especially in their garniture, perhaps
exceeding that in any other genus. Some of these are described
as having a few short, isolated, fine hairs; some have quite long,
soft, silky hairs covering the entire surface; in others the body is
adorned with long diverging pencils, and others present short, stiff,
brush-like tufts. Guenée says of lzgustra and brumosa, “on ne
compte plus qu’un seul poil, et ce poil est chez Valni, renflé a
Pextrémité en maniére de rame ou de massue.”” The hair mentioned
in the last species is probably very similar to those which character-
ize the Americana Harr. MS., which I have designated as bristles,
although (from memory) they are flattened and lack rigidity.

This species-should not be confounded with Apatela Americana
of Harris, which is Acronycta hastulifera (Sm.-Abb.) Guen., an
entirely different insect.

*T have since received a communication from Mr. Sanborn, in which he writes
me as follows:

' “T visited Boston yesterday, and hunted up the species of Acronycta about which
you inquire. It is in the Harris cabinet, together with its puparium, numbered 287
(new No). I cannot describe it from memory sufficiently well to enable you, in all
probability, to identify it ; but if you take an A. occidentalis Grote, and suffuse very
darkly the inner third of the fore-wizgs, and deepen the tints of the costal spots,
you will have a fair idea of it. It is totally unlike the Americana. It reminds
one also of the figure of Microcelia vinnula Grote, in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vol. —
II, pl. 9 [now Acronycta vinnula Grote ; Bul. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, p. 78].”

The above comparisons of Mr. Sanborn should give a good idea of the imago, but —
IT am unable to refer it to any species with which I am acquainted. Now that the
preservation of the Harris specimen of the bred imago is known, we shall be able to
ascertain what it is, although not in season, I regret, for the present publication.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CON1RIBUTIONS. 137

: The larva has also been taken at Schoharie, N. Y., September 9th,
; feeding on hickory, and by Mr. Meske, at Sharon Springs, N, Y.,
feeding on beech (Fagus ferruginea).

Acronycta morula @7.-2ob.

a Tire larva of this species was taken at Schoharie, N. Y., Septem-
ber 26th, at rest, on some threads spun over a scar on the trunk
of a young apple tree, in which position, from its colors and mark-
ings, it could scarcely be distinguished from the bark. Length
(mature) one inch and a half. Zead black on the sides and top, and

whitish in front, appressed to the stem when at rest. ody light

_ brown, with a pale brown median line between two dark brown
stripes which, on the middle of each segment, curve outwardly around
a wart; on the fourth, seventh and eleventh segments these warts
are larger and are bordered without with black; the lateral rows of
tubercles are pale brown, with white hairs radiating from them; the
hairs of the two lower rows are long, as are those which project over
the head ; the dorsal hairs, especially those on the warts, are short,
appearing as if closely trimmed; above, and running backward from
each stigma, is a dark brown dash; whitish dots, each bearing a hair,
are sprinkled over the body. Legs black ; prolegs greenish.

The habit of the caterpillar seems to be to rest on the bark during
the day, after the manner of the Catocalas, feeding only at night.

It spun a thin cocoon, on the 20th of September, in an angle of a
box beneath some pieces of bark. The imago emerged June 7th,
(1861). |

Ceramica picta (Harris).

Head small, rounded, pale red. Body conspicuously marked with
three broad black stripes; the dorsal one is velvety black, with mar-
ginal indentations, two of which, near the posterior portion of each
segment, are larger than the others; within the stripe, on the crown
of the segment, are small, white, transversely oval spots, arranged in
a square of four, or with one or two obsolete ; between this stripe and
the lateral one is a narrow stripe of gamboge-yellow. The lateral
stripe is broad, with numerous transverse white markings, appearing
blue by contrast with the black, breaking it into lines resembling

: IVNW, etc.; a regularity is traceable in these characters, for exam-
ple, the stigmata of the central segments are situated in a semi-oval
black spot in the base of a V character, followed by another v and

,
|.
m
i
i
rl
me lt

138 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

preceded by an inverted one (A). On each side of the above stripe
is a narrow gamboge-yellow one, of which the superior has a setiferous
black spot within it near the hinder part of the segments, and the
inferior one a corresponding spot but smaller, and a few others in its
lower margin. Beneath this, a white stripe mottled with black spots
and lines, ainong which is a black spot beneath a broad V over’each
proleg, and another nearly as large over the base of the anterior leg
of the v. Legs and ventral region tawny-red. Length at maturity
two ingehes.

Entered the ground October 12th (1859) tor pupation. In 1857
the larvee were found abundantly, feeding on turnip. About thirty
were collected for rearing, but although they were carefully supplied
with fresh leaves, they all died in their larval stage. In 1868 (Sep-
tember 19th) they occurred very abundantly at Schoharie, in a field
of cut buckwheat, from which hundreds could have been easily col-
lected. They were also found resting on willows and on various
shrubs bordering the field.

The larva in confinement has been observed to eat with great

rapidity and to rest frequently from feeding. It increases rapidly

in size. Its peculiar markings and bright contrasting colors make it
one of our most beautiful caterpillars.

Cucullia convexipennis Gr.-Rob.

Larva feeding on the leaves of the golden rod (Solédago Canaden-
sis), nearly full-grown, measuring one inch and a half in length;
ground color of the body shining black; on the first segment, a
small blaek hump, in which are four short white marks and two
white dots and a conspicuous oblong red mark; on the eleventh seg-
ment a larger black hump, and between the two a brick-red dorsal
stripe; from the hump, extending over the anal segment, black,
inclosing one red and eight small white spots. On the sides a broad
yellow stripe, shading into white on its borders, and broken trans-
versely by black lines into markings like the Roman letters NMIVW.
Within the lower portion of this stripe are the stigmata, each resting

on a black character running upward into a point and bearing at its

apex a short black hair; a few other short hairs may be seen with a
glass at several points on the body. Below the yellow band, on the
substigmatal fold, is a narrow red stripe, of a darker shade than the
dorsal one; above the yellow band are four delicate blue lateral lines,
of which the lower one is not continuous. The ventral region is

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 139

yellow, divided in stripes by black lines and markings; whitish
medially. Legs black.

The caterpillar is a very active feeder, eating at first the leaves,
and subsequently, when nearly mature, the blossoms. It enters the
ground for pupation, where it constructs an earth cocvon, the grains
of which are spun together with silk, similar to that of C. intermedia.*
The imago escapes from its cocoon through a round opening made at
one end. It is very alert in the breeding cage, rendering it dithcult
to pin it without the aid of chloroform. It has been captured by
Mr. Meske, at Sharon Springs, N. Y., on the 21st of July.

Several of the larve were collected at Schoharie, in 1857, nearly
mature, in the early part of October ; taken also September 8th, 1859;
and also September Ist, nearly full grown, feeding on the blossoms.
of Solidago Canadensis, and in 1873, on the same food-plant, in

Albany.

Cucullia asteroides Guenéee.
Head subrotund, flattened in front, green (shade of leaf of food-
plant), with paler green reticulations; clypeus bordered with green-
ish-white, and a lateral curved spot of the same color in which are
the five ocelli; labrum and palpi pale green ; a few short white hairs.
Body subcylindrical, tapering moderately at the extremities,
smooth, shining, with minute white hairs visible with a lens in the
usual locations; conspicuously striped in green and yellow, as fol-
lows: ground color green; a broad dorsal stripe of bright yellow
extending from the head to the anus, and a somewhat narrower sub-
stigmatal one of duller yellow, approaching orange, margined beneath
with white; on the sides are five green stripes defined by six black
lines, of which the stigmatal line is interrupted at and near the

incisures, and so-inflated upon the stigmata as sometimes to coalesce

with the corresponding portions of the suprastigmatal black line ; of
the five green stripes, the second and fourth are of a yellow-green
shade, the first (subdorsal) of a deep green, and the third and fifth
of a palerhue. Ventral region with a median line of greenish-white,
having two yellow-green lines on each side.

Legs and prolegs green, the terminal pair long and extending back-
ward. Stigmata white, acutely elliptical, having their inferior half
lying within the yellow substigmatal stripe.

* Twenty-third Report on the N. Y. State Cabinet, 1873, p. 214.

—}. 7
Be

140 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Length of larva at maturity two inches; diameter .22 of an inch.
Taken at Albany, September 1st, feeding on Solidago.

Another larva, taken on the same food-plant, September 24th, was,
in all probability, the same species, although presenting a marked
difference in appearance from the one above described. The two
superior lateral stripes were in this nearly black, especially on the
abdominal segments, apparently resulting from the thickening of the
bordering lines and the extension of the interior ones over most of
the green ground. |

The larva, when captured, was found to have attached to its sur-
face a black oval parasitic egg-shell. It fed sparingly for several
days, when it died, and was transferred to alcohol and placed in the
State Museum collections.

Catocala —— sp ? -

Larva taken at Albany, N. Y., resting on the trunk of horse
chestnut, June 6th. Length 2.25 inches, diameter on eighth seg-
ment .35 in., elongated, attenuated at the extremities, quite flat
beneath when resting on a plane surface, bearing dorsally near the
posterior margin of the eighth segment a moderately elevated broad
wart directed backward, and having the posterior margin of the
eleventh segment slightly raised and projecting backward in a hood-
like form; the following demi-segment has also its margin simi-
larly projecting, but in- a less degree. Head .15 of an inch in
diameter, subquadrangular, flattened, slightly bilobed, gray with
lighter mottlings, surrounded laterally with a black band, which passes
over the vertex and anterior to the eyes; the anterior portion of each
lobe paler, projecting, bearing each two black points giving out a
short black hair; a similar point on the cheek behind the band, and
four microscopic ones on the paler bordering of the clypeus; clypeus
depressed, nearly half the length of the head, slightly rounded at the
apex, with a brown medial line, and (under a magnifier) six papillee
bearing each a short white hair; in front of the eyes two larger black
papillee with white hairs, and also some smaller ones behind the eyes ;
on each side of the apex of the clypeus is a conspicuous transversely
elongated black spot. The collar bears superiorly a double row of
four pale papillee with black hairs.

Body with a few short white hairs laterally and a line of fleshy
filaments ranging with the legs. At rest, the second and third seg-
ments are closely wrinkled, while segments four to ten are wrinkled

es ae 4 “a rs at ¥, cee ty Site ce — ~~, ~ rr Bee

ye wa ENTOMOLOGIUVAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 141

only y on their posterior half. Ground color pale gray, with brown
markings. Vascular line composed of brown dots. Subdorsal line
es, with its margins darker brown, the darker shade of which, on
‘tl he > posteriur wrinkles of the segments, presents a maculate appear-
nee. Laterally are irregular linings of brown dots, interrupted on
the ‘fourth segment, giving to that ring a whitish appearance by con-
ou Trapezoidal spots (of Guenée) inconspicuous but discernible
“with a magnifier. Stigmata moderately oval, annulated with brown.
s long, white, striped with pale brown, bearing a few white hairs.
‘olegs long, gray; those of the eighth and ninth segments with a
r Fees longitudinal line, and with a black line on the crown of each
a _ planta. Anal shield with a transverse row of four setiferous papillee
ss anteriorly, and four on its posterior curve, margined below with
black. Ventral region conspicuously marked with a subelliptical
; Dlack spot of about one-half the diameter of the body, on the posterior
_ portion of each segment.

The larva was apparently full grown when captured. It refused
_ the food which was offered it, not even tasting of the leaves, and died
Bi sbont undergoing transformation.

_ As so small a number of the larve of our numerous species of
eiiocalac have been described, the above description is presented in
the hope that it may be identified by some collector.

fies

; ea
Pi ° \ ly

142 Twenvy-StxTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

V. NOTES ON SOME NEW YORK BOMBYCIDA,

In this and the following paper several notes are given which were
made a number of years ago, a few of which are accompanied with
their dates. Itis with hesitancy that some of these notes, descriptive of
larvee, are presented. They are not offered as descriptions, being too
incomplete to serve as such, but simply as contributions toward a
knowledge of the natural history of onr Lepidoptera, of which we
possess, as yet, so little information, that the most simple fact, observed
in relation to them can hardly fail of being of sufficient value to entitle
it to record and publication. Even if anticipated, its independent
observation gives it confirmatory value, with perhaps the additional
value of its occurrence under different conditions of locality, season,
food-plant, etc.

Callimorpha Lecontii Bozsd.

Larva feeding on spearmint (AZentha viridis). Length at maturity
one inch; tuberculated, bearing fascicles of stiff hairs; dark brown,
with yellow spots. It madea cocoon just beneath the surface of the
ground July Ist, from which the moth emerged July 24th.

A number of the moths were captured July 28th, beside a small
stream in a ravine where spearmint was growing abundantly.

An interesting medtaris variety of this moth, a female, taken —

August 8th, lacks entirely the brown dorsal stripe on the abdomen.
The thoracic mesial stripe is inconspicuous, and the brown costal and
internal margins and the two cross lines of the primaries is limited
to lines not exceeding one-twentieth of an inch in width; he spot
resting on the median nervules is large.

In two other examples, a male and female, in fen of the abdominal
dorsal stripe is a series of brown spots resting on the anterior margin

of the segment and extending three-fourths of its length, narrowing

posteriorly ; the spots narrower and less conspicuous in the 2. On
the secondaries, near their outer margin, are four brown spots in the
@ (three in the ¢) of which the largest is transversely elongated,
rests on the first median nervule (vein 2) and extends nearly to the
- median fold, in length equaling the space between the fold and vein

:
*
A,

Ee ~~ ae Fs. @

“7; oon
>»

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 148

2; on each side of the submedian, nearer the margin than the pre-
ceding spot, is a very small and obscure one (in the ¢ the one before
the nerve is absent); resting on the discal nervure (vein 5), and
wholly within cell 5, is a small spot, slightly larger than the two last
mentioned. The brown primaries have eight white spots, surrounded
with brown, except the apical one and that at the internal angle, in
which the white is continued on the costa and over the fringe; the
two spots on the outer margin above the larger one at the internal
angle, are quite small.

Arctia Arge (Drury).

Larva found in the road, on a warm and sunny day on the 25th of
February.

Color dark brown, head and prolegs black, legs tawny. Body
with three flesh-colored stripes, one dorsal and two lateral ; substig-
matal fold colored as the stripes; the hairs, proceeding from tuber-

‘cles, are long, brown dorsally and tawny laterally; on the sezments

anteriorly is a small tubercle on each side of and near to the dorsal
stripe, and a larger one on the posterior of the segment near the late-
ral stripe

The caterpillar fed sparingly, for a few days, on a cactus leaf, and
commenced the spinning of a slight cocoon on the Ist of March,
within which it transformed to a pupa on March 4th.

The moth emerged on the 23d, after a pupation of nineteen days.

Spilosoma virginica (7udr.).

Head black. Body tawny-red, darker on the four anterior seg-
ments; a lateral row of broken, irregular black spots; a pale red line
below the stigmata; from the tubercles long hairs proceed (the
longest of which measure three-fourths of an inch) which are black
on the first and second segment and on the sides of the two follow-
ing, and red over the central and posterior portion of the body.
Stigmata white. Exterior basal portion of legs black, the remainder
red. | :

In another example, the hairs were yellow, the dorsal ones
approaching to red; the body yellow, darker superiorly above the
lateral maculated stripe; incisures superiorly, dusky. Head red.
(Schoharie, 1859.)

An interesting sexual characteristic observable in the male of this
species and in S. acrea, but not in S. latipennis, is the process given
off by the subcostal nervure for the support of the frenulum, clothed

4,
‘ /
oP pi.
bd
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6
i

144 TWEN1VY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

with black scales, and connected with a parnaii black spot resting on
the cobta.

Spilosoma latipennis Stretch.

This species is described and figured by Mr. Stretch,* “ faa one
imperfect broken @ (wanting the body) received from Mr. James
Angus, of West Harms N. Y., without any definite locality aitienee
to the specimen.”

Its description (loc. cit.) is as follows: “?, white. Head, thorax
and patagia white. Eyes black. Palpi brownish, white beneath.
Legs white, with the coww and femora of the anterior pair bright pink
inwardly; tibiz and tarsi of the same pair black inwardly, white
outwardly. All the wings are pure silky-white, immaculate. The
costa of the primaries is decidedly convex from the base to the apex.
Expanse of wings, ?, 1.75 in.; length of body, 0.70 inch.”

In the collection of Mr. O. Meske is a 4 and @ of this rare species,
captured at Center, N. Y., June 19th, 1872. They show the follow-
ing features in addition to those above mentioned: The antenne are
white above, black beneath, and with black pectinations of about the
same length as in 8. virginica. Compared with that species, the
wings are thinner scaled; the thoracic hairs are longer and finer,
readily floated in every atvelitall by the breath, hiding the patagia :
abdomen of the 4 not carinated.

The femora in these are not “ bright pink,” but of a peculiar bright
red shade, between an orange and a vermilion; the coxee of the 2 of
a paler red, and of the ¢ of a yellowish-red with brown hairs superi-
orly beneath the head. Palpi of the 6, white inwardly and black
outwardly ; the @ has only a few fuscous hairs outwardly. Expanse
of wings of the $ 1.75 in.; of the @ 1.80 in. Length of the body of
the 6 .65 inch; of the @ .60 inch. :

Mr. Grote informs me that a specimen of this species is in the col-
lection of the Butfalo Society of Natural Sciences, which was captured
in the vicinity of Buffalo.

EKuchetes Oregonensis Stretch.

In the collection of Mr. O. Meske, of Albany, is an example of this
species, a male, taken on the wing at Center, near Albany, on the
13th of June; another example, also a male, was taken by him in the
same lbealteg May 25, 1869, and is now in the cabinet of Mr. C. V.

* Illus. Zyg.-Bomb. N. Amer., I, p. 183, pl. 6, f. 5.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 145

Riley. I have critically compared the former with the description
of the type,* and find it to agree in every particular, even to dimen-
sions, so that there can be no doubt of their identity.

Mr. Stretch remarks: “ For the type of this species I am indebted
to the kindness of Lord Walsingham, who captured the single speci-
men above referred to in Oregon, during his recent trip to the
Pacifie coast. In form it approaches nearest to /. egle, from which
it differs not merely in the color of the wings, but also by the slen-
derer abdomen and the bright yellow head. Were it not for these
latter differences, it might be considered an albino of Z. egle, though
the typical form of that species is yet unknown from the Pacific
coast.” 7

I fully coneur with Mr. Stretch in his recognition of this form, as
distinct from £. egle. In addition to other important differences, in
both of these eastern examples, the long, slender, cylindrical abdomen
is in marked contrast with the short (from .4 in. to .5 in.), thick and
conical form observed in the male of £. egle.

Of the albino form of £. egle, referred to by Dr. Packard + and
Mr. Riley, { and accepted by Mr. Stretch upon the testimony of
“eastern entomologists,” I have no knowledge. I believe that all
such examples of ‘‘a white variety,” will, on critical examination,
resolve themselves into £. collaris (Fitch), or H. Oregonensis.

In consideration of this new habitat of Oregonensis, the name
selected for it proves to be an unfortunate one; it also presents an
argument against the derivation of specific names of insects from the
locality of their first observation, especially while so small a portion
of our continent has been thoroughly explored,§ our knowledge of
geographical distribution so very limited, and the necessary compari-
son of our fauna with that of Europe not yet made. |

* Illus. Zyg.-Bomb. N. Amer., 1872-3, I, p. 187, pl. 8, fig. 7 ¢.

+ Proce. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1864, III, p. 108.

t Third Rep. Ins. Mo., 1871, p. 1383.

$Ina recent paper on the Phalenide of California, in which thirty-three new
species are described, ten of the number bear the name of Californiaria or Califor-
niata. - It is hardly possible that all of these species will prove to be peculiar to that
State or even to the Pacific slope, for more extended observations are continually
showing us the identity of many of the species of the Pacific coast with those of the
Atlantic States.

| The species described not long since as Depressaria Ontariella from Canadian
examples, proves not only to be a common species in the State of New York, but
identical with the 7inea heracleana of Europe, described by De Geer more than a
century ago.

146 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

I shall be conferring a favor upon such entomologists as may not

have seen the admirable work of Mr. Stretch, * above referred to,

in commending it to their notice. Its design is “to furnish good
colored illustrations of all the species of Zygeenide and Bombycide
found in North America, north of the Mexican boundary, with
accompanying letter-press, in which it is intended to embrace every-
thing of interest in relation to each species, which may have appeared
in print, with such aac information as may be secured by the
author from original sources.’ |

The work is in course of publication, appearing in noe) of which
about one-third of the contemplated number are now before the public,
as will be seen from the transcript of its title-page herewith given.

Volume I contains 242 pages octavo of letter-press, and ten plates,

numbering 167 figures. Depicting, as they do, the two families in
which are comprised the most beautiful forms, the greatest variety of
pattern, the most artistic effects, and the richest coloring of our entire
insect fauna, the plates are particularly attractive. The coloring, so
far as we have the means of comparison, is very good, for the tempta-
tion to exaggeration, for the sake of effect, is not found in the mate-
rial under representation.

The number of new species contained in this rales (twenty-six),
the large number which are for the first time figured, and the very
great convenience of a compilation, in a single work, of all that is at
the present known of these interesting families, will render it indis-
pensable to all who are engaged in the study of our American moths.

Enchetes collaris (Fitch).

A single example of this species has been taken by me at Center,
N. Y., and is now in my collection, but without the date of its cap-
ture. Itisa ?, having an expanse of wings of 1.62 in.; length of
body .48 in. It has also been received by Mr. Meske from Mr. E. L.
Graef, of Brooklyn, L. I., labelled as Spilosoma fulvicosta, and
reported as abundant in the neighborhood of Brooklyn.

This is undoubtedly the species which has been, by some, regarded
‘as an albino form of Z egle. Mr. Stretch states + that “specimens,
differing in nothing but somewhat inferior size [compared with the
example described and figured by him], were forwarded from Penn-

* Illustrations of the Zygenide and Bombycide of North America, by RicHaRD H.
‘ SrrercH, Vol. I, Part 1to9. [San Francisco, Cal.] July, 1872, to Dec., 1873.
+ Lilus. Zyg.-Bomb. N. Amer., I, p. 188, pl. 8, f. 5.

a
ia
oe
: — a

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 147 |

sylvania by H. Strecker, Esq., in response to a request for the white
variety of Z. egle.”

According to Dr. Packard, * ‘‘ From the same brood of larvee Mr.
Shurtleff has raised both the typical form [of Z. egle] and a white
variety, which agrees well with Dr. Fitch’s description of Zyphantria

collaris.”

If it were shown, as it is not, that the variety raised by Mr. Shurt-
leff was identical with the H. collaris of Fitch, still it would fail to
prove specific identity of the two forms ; before this could be established
it would remain to be shown that the “ brood of larve,” from which
they were obtained, was the product of a single deposition of eggs.
In the event, which may be presumed frequently to occur, of two
broods of congeneric larvee feeding simultaneously on the same plant,
the two might very easily become intermingled, and the liability to
mingle would be increased in species closely resembling one another.
Two such instances of association of larvee of different species, which
would seem to be explicable only through mistaken recognition of one
another, have come under my observation, as follows:

In September, of 1869, I collected from a poplar (Populus tremu-.
loides) at Bath, N. Y., two folded leaves filled with Ichthyura larve,
to the number, probably, of sixty. From these I obtained, the fol-
lowing spring, nearly that number of Jchthyura inclusa Hiibn.,
together with a single example of /ehthyura vau (Fitch), a species
which I had not previously met with, but which Dr. Fitch represents
as being more frequently taken in his vicinity than either albosigma
or Americana [inclusa]. It is quite different from inclusa, and the
two have not, I believe, been suspected of being the same.

In the other parallel instance, a group of perhaps fifty full grown
larvee of Clisiocampa sylvatica Uarr., was observed at rest on the
tronk of a maple tree in the door-yard of my residence at Schoharie,
and scattered among them were several of the larve of C. Americana
Harr. At this time, numbers of this latter species were traveling
about on fences, walks and buildings, preparatory to their pupation,

From a company like either of the above, of forms with which we
were not familiar, distinct species might be presented to us, with a
claim for specific identity resting on the plausible ground of having
been reared “from the same brood of larvee.”

T learn from Mr. C. V. Riley, that he has recently been breeding
£. collaris from the larva, and that he finds it to be very distinct

* Proc. Ent, Soc. Phil., 1864, III, p. 180.

148 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

from £. egle. His observations on the species will be given in his
forthcoming (sixth) Annual Report.

Halisidota carye (Harris). —

The cocoons of this moth were found at Schoharie, N. Y.; during
the fall of 1856, in large numbers, attached to the under-surfaces of.
stones, which had been thrown together in a pile extending for sev-
eral rods along the borders of a wood. , A thousand could easily have
been secured in a few minutes of time. From one stone twenty-three
cocoons were taken, from an area of about five by eight inches, of
which fifteen were clustered in a space of fifteen square inches.

The cocoons were kept in a warmed room. An ichneumon emerged
December 2d, and the first imago December 15th. <A few only of —
the cocoons were ichneumonized.

Although the larva of this species is not rare, the moth is seldom
taken by the collector. The exposed habitat of the cocoon, beneath
stones, usually ensures its destruction during the winter months from
some of the many predaceous enemies which resort to it for food.
Numbers of the cocoons are met with in the spring, in localities
where the larveze abound, with an opening through the sides, and the
debris of the pupa within. One that has survived the perils of its
hybernation beneath a stone or piece of wood is of very rare occur-
rence.

Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.-A0d0.).

A female imago of this species had emerged, August 4th, within its —
breeding cage standing in a large apartment about ten feet from an
open door. At dusk (half-past seven o’clock) males commenced to
fly in the room, and precipitate themselves against the gauze front
of the cage, moving in every direction over its surface with legs,
wings and antennee in rapid motion, in a persistent effort to force an
entrance in the cage. Several attempted to enter through the small
crevice left by the imperfectly fitting door at the rear of the cage.
Three or four moths were often on the gauze at the same time, whence
they could be plucked with the thumb and finger. During the hour
that this exhibition continued, forty moths were taken and pinned,
from at least a hundred that entered the room.

The larvee had been more abundant than usual during the season
(of 1861,"at Schoharie).

woe: =
<4 «
Jee

Empretia stimulea Clem.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 149

— On the 30th of August, two of the larvee were received from Peeks-
kill, N. Y., where they were taken feeding on Indian corn. Septem-
ber Ist, one of the larve spun up in its cocoon beneath a leaf.

The cocoon is oval in form, of a reddish-brown color, of a parch-
ment-like texture, and measures .32 in. by .5 in. The imago was not
obtained.

My efforts to rear the Cochlidiine have been attended with nearly
as many failures as with the Ptilodontins. Mr. Meske has been quite
successful in rearing these and many species usually regarded as quite
difficult to mature, by the aid of a uniform supply of moisture during
the period of pupation. The pupe are placed on the surface of the
ground, half filling a box, and covered with an inch or two of light
moss. On the moss are laid strips of bibulous paper (ordinary blot-
ting-paper is suitable), which, being dipped daily in water, supply
the requisite quantity of moisture to keep the moss and ground in a
moderately damp state, during the winter months, in a cool apart-
ment. Later in the spring, with an increased evaporation, a second
dipping of the paper during the day is required.

Phobetron pithecium (Sm.-A00.).

A larva taken at Bath, near Albany, feeding on hazel (Corylus
Americana). On September 16th, it spun its cocoon fastened to a
twig on which it had been feeding, inserted in some damp sand, on
the surface of which the cocoon rested. The cocoon is of an elliptical
form, slightly-flattened on the sides, and measures three-tenths of an
inch by four-tenths. Its exterior was wholly covered with grains of
sand, and in its upper portion were interwoven some of the peculiar
eurved lateral appendages which impart so singular an aspect to the
larva. A good representation of the larva may be found in the
American Entomologist, vol. I, p. 25.

Another larva was brought to me on September 9th, feeding on
pear leaves. It made its cocoon between two leaves September 12th.

The larva is recorded as feeding also on apple, plum, cherry, wild
cherry, Siberian crab, white and red oak.

Lithacodes fasciola (/Zer.-Sch.) Pack.

Eight of the larvee were taken during the early part of September,
feeding on the leaves of a young plum-tree, three feet in height,

Be
as

150 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.

They were of a uniform green color, and without hairs or ‘pa

Their small, oval, brown cocoons were spun between leaves.

A male and a female imago emerged on the 11th of May. They
were found hanging from the top of the box inclosing them, with
the body curved upward toward the head, so that the tip was directed
perpendicularly to the surface on which they rested. This peculiar

posture, frequentiy observed also in Asopia farinalis, did not appear

to be owing to the inverted position on the box cover, for, on turning
it carefully over in different directions without alarming the moth,
no change of posture occurred.

The imago has been taken at Schenectady, N. Y., on July 3d,

attracted by lights.

Nadata gibbosa (Sm.-A00.).
Larva found on the ground; feeds on maple. Length at maturity
1.75 in. ; diameter .35 in. :
Head large, flattened in front, a shade of green darker than

Fia. 8. the body, ocelli black; mandibles —

yellow, with black on their inner
edge. ody grass-green ventrally
and laterally, and greenish-white
dorsally ; with paler granulations; smooth, segments rounded, and
incisures deep ; laterally a line of transversely elongate whitish spots.
Anal shield rounded and yellow pondered. The larva is represented
in Fig. 8

Its Shen commenced September 20th, beneath a leaf fastened by
some threads to the ground. The imago emieed June Ist. It is
quite rare in this vicinity.

The following note probably refers to another example of the same
species :

Caterpillar taken on a fence under a row of maples, October 20th;
length one inch. Head apple-green, with yellow mandibles. Body
yellow-green, with a yellow stripe on the side, and transverse inter-
rupted markings of the same color. Anal plate apple-green, semi-
elliptical, with yellow dots and border. Legs apple-green.

The head of the larva was abnormally large, perhaps from having
recently molted, or possibly from parasitic attack. The season was
too far advanced to permit of its being supplied with proper food,
and it did not mature.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 151

Notodonta ——_——?

Found, September 19, 1868, at Schoharie, feeding on willow, a
remarkable looking larva, a figure of which is annexed. (Fig. 9.)
The first horn-like projection is on the third segment, the second and
longest on the fourth segment, the large bifid hump on the eighth
segment, and a terminal one on the eleventh Hira, %
segment. The markings of the larva are ex- py i
ceedingly delicate in whitish and various shades gy a

horn of the fourth segment is capable of considerable motion, and is
sometimes directed backward. The terminal segments are at times
carried in an elevated position. When at rest, Wei0.
the central segments are contracted as repre-
sented in the figure, and its head and anterior ®
segments are turned sideways. When extended
in feeding it presents the appearance shown in :
outline in Fig. 10.

I have met with the larva on this occasion only. Without taking
a description of it, I forwarded it to Prof. Glover, of the Agricultural
Department at Washington, for figuring and description, and was
informed by him that he had seen a single example of it, and had
already given a representation of it in one of his plates. The imago
was unknown to him.

Edema albifrons (Sm.-A00.).

Late in November, twelve naked pupe of this species were found |
lying in a cluster on some leaves beneath a stone. Kept in a warm

- room, the moths emerged between January 9th and February 11th,

all during the night time.
The larva is described in the Harris Correspondence, p. 304.

Cerura borealis (Loisd.).

Mature larva feeding on willow, September 11th, represented in
Fig. 11. Head small, red. Body apple-green, red dorsally from the
fourth segment backward, reaching
nearly halfway down the side on ~~
the sixth segment, and after a con-
traction expanding to the stigmata ;
on segment seven, and thence contracting posteriorly; the red
margined below with yellow. Anal extremity forked, and extensible

Fig. 11.

152 TWENTY-SIXTH RrePORT ON THE STATE MoUSEUM.

at pleasure in two long slender tail-like projections, annulated with
red and green, and at their greatest extension disclosing a white ring.

Some young larvee, collected August 22d on willow, apparently
prior to their first molting, were found quite delicate to rear.
Although furnished with fresh leaves twice a day, only one was
matured by inclosing in its box the end of a twig of a growing plant.

_ The larva is of slow growth, requiring about six weeks for it to

mature.

The larva makes a flattened cocoon, three-fourths of an inch fon
and quite firm in its texture, from the quantity of sawdust-like bits
which it gnaws from the wood upon which its cocoon is placed and
weaves together with its thread, excavating the wood, in some instan-
ces, to the depth of a tenth of an inch.- Composed almost wholly of
the gnawed material, and but slightly elevated above the surface, it is
very liable to escape observation.

When engaged in the construction of its cocoon, the larva is very
active, moving its head with remarkable rapidity. A cocoon was
made August 22d, and two others September Ist.

Within a warmed room the imago has emerged April Ist and
April 7th.

Telea Polyphemus (Zznz.).

A female which mated June 18th—19th, deposited three hundred
and fifteen eggs on the 19th. Of these, two hundred and seventy-
eight produced their larve June 29th; fifteen died in the act of ©
emerging from the shell; seventeen containing larvee died within the
shell, not fully developed, and five were probably unfertilized.

The eggs are round as seen from above, quite flattened on the
upper and lower surfaces, white, with an intermediate brown band .04 ~
in. broad, on which at two opposite sides is a small elongated white
spot, and sometimes, between the two, an obscure whitish line.

From another bred example of the moth, two hundred and thirty-
three eggs were deposited, and twelve additional were found within
the abdomen, making two hundred and forty-five in all. The moth
was somewhat dwarfed from its artificial feeding.

Actias Luna (Zinn.).

As an illustration of the occasional extraordinary abundance, for a
single season, of some of our usually rare insects, the following state-
ment, made to me by Mr. Otto Meske, is worthy of record:

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 153

At about the commencement of his entomological studies, in 1864
or 1865, and not long after his arrival in this country, a fine specimen
of the above moth was brought to him by a friend who had captured
it at Sharon Springs, N. Y., where any desired number of the same,
it was stated, could be collected. Charmed with the beauty of the
“fair empress of the night,” now for the first time seen by him, and
desirous of procuring other examples for himself and for his European
friends, as soon thereafter as his engagements permitted, he hastened to
Sharon Springs. The day following his arrival there, he visited the
hickory groves in the vicinity where the moth was represented as
occurring. The season had too far advanced, by several weeks,
(August) for the moth; but on almost every tree, pendant, fruit-like,
from the lower branches, on leaves drawn downward by their heavy
burden, were found one or more of the caterpillars—in their matured
garb of transparent green enameled in dots of silver and pearl, so
beautiful to the lepidopterist, and not unattractive to the unscientific
eye. Sixty-four of the larvee—the utmost capacity of his collecting
case—were carried to his hotel, as a portion of the trophies of the
morning ramble.

Cocoons were obtained from the entire number; for a readines to
spin themselves up at any time, after their fourth molting, under the
slightest provocation of a temporary withdrawal or an inferior supply
of food, is a characteristic of the species (as has also been observed by
European entomologists of Aglia tau); from this habit undoubtedly
results the frequency with which crippled specimens of the moth are
met with when artificially reared.

The following spring when the moths emerged, while they were
hanging in profusion from curtains and from the walls about him,
Mr. Meske proposed to Dr. Speyer, of Germany, with whom he was
in correspondence, to send to him such a number of the cocoons as
would serve to test the practicability of the acclimatization of the
species in Germany ; not doubting but that the ensuing season would
be equally prolific with the preceding. Dr. Speyer was delighted in
the prospect of so beautiful an addition to the insect fauna of Europe,
and expressed himself as impatient to undertake the experiment.
From that period to the present, although Mr. Meske has passed
each intervening summer at Sharon, and brought from that superior
collecting ground most valuable entomological contributions, not
over a half dozen of the cocoons have been sent to Germany, toward
the fulfillment of his promise ; and in a letter lately received from

154 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Dr. Speyer, after an enumeration of scores of our American Lepidop-

tera, of which he needs no more examples either for his cabinet or _

for study, he reminds Mr. Meske that his cabinet 1 is _ deficient in
a perfect female Luna.

Hemileuca Maia (Drury).

A crippled imago emerged July 8th, 187 2, being the first fie a
small number of larvee carried to pupation the previous year. The
usual white band on the upper surface of the primaries was inter-—
rupted in the middle; beneath it was continuous and broader than
above. Upon opening its abdomen, one hundred and fifty-two eggs
were obtained therefrom, of a ranean reddish-brown color.

On the 17th of July a second one (a male) emerged. September —
7th, a third was observed just as it escaped from its puparium. It not
being convenient to entrust it to the care of any one, and desirous of
securing it in a perfect condition, I removed it, with the utmost care,
to a small box, which I carried in my hand to the railroad train for
_which I was on the point of leaving. While in the cars, the box was
held in position to subject it to as little motion as possible. When
examined in the evening, after a three hours’ ride, the moth was
found with its wings dried but entirely unexpanded, and with its
abdomen retaining the elongate form and sutural extension with
which it emerged from the puparium. The motion of the cars had
caused an entire arrest of its last stage of development. |

I am informed by Dr. Hagen that this species was quite common,
in 1872, at Detroit, Mich., and in Maine, where the caterpillar was
observed feeding on Spirwa salicifolia, as noticed by Prof. 8. Smith,
at Norway, Me., in 1865. In Massachusetts it was not rare in its
occurrence.

Gastropacha Americana Harris.

Larva feeding on birch (Betula lenta), August 18th, nearly mature,
measuring two inches in length.

Body slate-gray, mottled with black, beneath flattened and green-
ish; on the sides, beneath the stigmata, a series of tufts of reddish
hairs, three-sixteenths of an inch long; on the incisure of the second
and third segments, a scarlet band superiorly, divided by a black line
and black at the ends, only observed when the larva is extended or
in motion; on the first segment, two small tubercles on each side,
and one on each side of the following segments; from the tubercles

: ‘4
4

ENnToMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 155

are given out tufts of gray hairs mingled with white ones which are
clavate at the tip; the lateral fringe with numerous gray clavate hairs.
Legs black ; prolegs ash-color, with a black spot between each pair.
The caterpillar made its slight cocoon between two leaves, envelop-
ing it in a wool-like substance. Another example, occurring on

maple, spun up between some leaves on September 12th.

It is quite liable to parasitic attack. A pupa which did not develop,
was opened, and found to contain the puparia of nine Tachine.

Clisiocampa Americana (/ar.).

Some larve of this species which made their cocoons on the 6th of
June, completed their transformation and appeared as moths on
July 6th.

' Young larvee have been observed, just disclosed from the egg-belt

on the 18th of April.

(ZYGAUNID 4.)
Ctenucha virginica (Charp.).

Larva taken on grass, upon which it may be presumed to feed, as
it has also been found thereon by Dr. Packard, in Maine. Head
large, shining black. Body reddish-brown dorsally, darker shaded
on the incisures, black laterally, with two light cream-colored stripes
on each side; its short, brush-like fascicles of hairs proceeding from
tubercles and nearly covering the body, are black on the back, and
dusky and black intermingled on the extremities and sides; inter-
mediate ones (?) ochre-yellow.

An imago was obtained June 4th from a cocoon found a few days
previously, attached to the leaves of a cedar seedling, about two
inches above the ground.

The cocoon is oval, .75 in. in length, composed of the hairs of the
caterpillar, which are gray and black, and about one-fourth of an inch
long, and, under a lens, show distinct feathering. Through the hairs
could be seen the inclosed dark brown pupa.

The moth has frequently been observed in a grove of pines and
cedars at Schoharie, in 1859. It is not readily alarmed when at rest,
and its flight is slow and steady, permitting its easy capture. It
was unusually abundant in 1861, at the same locality, being fre-
quently seen about dwellings and in gardens. On the 23d of June
numbers were observed in a ravine, beside a brook bordered with
deciduous trees.

156 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Scepsis fulvicollis (Z/ibn.).

Two males and two females of this usually rare species were col-
lected at Bethlehem, Albany county, on September 14th, 1870, rest-
ing on or flying about the blossoms of Solidago at mid-day. ©

This accords with an observation of Doubleday :* “I took it in
September, in Illinois, on flowers, especially on the different species .
of Solidago, flying by day.” He also adds, “I took it in Florida by
night; for they used to fly to my lamp. I do not remember to have
taken one by day there.” e

I have only taken the species (and its allies) by day, and I know of
no other instance of its capture at lights.

A perfectly fresh specimen was taken at Schoharie (the only
instance, during several years, that it came under my notice there), —
resting on a window pane within a room which it had entered
through an open door.

I have previously noticed the attractiveness of the Soledago to
Lycomorpha pholus (Drury),t six individuals having been observed
by me regaling themselves on the blossoms of a single plant, while a
hundred or more could have been collected at the time from the same
locality (a hill-side at Schoharie, August 16, 1859). Melsheimer states
that the larva of this species is found on the lichens growing on the
trunks of hickory trees.

* Entomological Correspondence of T. W. Harris, 1869, p. 122.
+t Twenty-third Ann. Rep. on the N. Y. St. Cab. N. H., 1878, p. 193.

eo ewes eee Pe eee ys ee

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 157

VL NOTES ON SOME NEW YORK NOCTUIDA, ETC.

Diphtera deridens Guenée.

Larva resembling an Arctia in form, somewhat narrowed ante-
riorly and broadest toward the posterior segments, as represented in
Fig. 12. Head white, with black markings as seen at a. Body

_ white, segments rounded, smooth, Fig. 12.

> ow oe
ty

soft white hairs, one-fourth of an

|
=
z
se
4

a
aS
M4

but from the points where in an
Arctia the tubercles are located,

y: I: i,

ee BRee
sean a pie x és

- s
d Ti a

inch long, radiate, as fine as the
finest silk spun by caterpillars, which curve at their tips and inter-
lace, entirely enveloping the body. Length at maturity, 1.25 in.;
diameter at broadest portion, .25 in.

On September 4th, it made an oval cocoon, of uniform texture
throughout, of fine silk.

On the 10th, it had undergone its pupal change; the dark-brown
pupa could be distinctly seen through the delicate cocoon.

The imago was disclosed May 25th (1862).

Acronyecta Americana Harris WS.

Since the printing of the notes on this species, on page 135 of
this Report, I have been permitted to see colored figures of the larva
and imago of Acronycta alni Linn. The larva, in its ground color,
dorsal series of yellow spots, shape and comparative length of bristles
etc., represents our larva so well, that, at the first glance, it might be
taken for an accurate representation of it. It has the four long and
two short bristles on the first’ segment, with none on the following
two segments, as in ours. The single bristle shown in the figure on
segments ten and eleven and the three on segment twelve, are pro-
bably inaccuracies of delineation through carelessness of the artist,
as evidently are the placing of a bristle on each of the incisures of
the sixth segment, and the location of several of the bristles else-
where than in the lateral portions of the spots. The spots are shown
as being marked with a number of irregular black lines, like Chaldaic
letters, unlike the single, transverse, impressed line in our larva. In

158 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

the accompanying text the larva is td to be rare, and to feed on
oak, willow and wild plum.

The imago is represented of the size and shape of wings of A. ps
figured beside it (with whieh our A. occedentals Grote was for a
long time confounded), the discal spots are more deeply marked, and
the inner third of the primaries is brown, conforming in these parti-
culars to the features indicated by Mr. Sanborn, as noticed in the
Harris specimen. Other marked features are, the brown of the
internal margin continued as a median band across the wings, sepa-
rating the discal spots, and a distinctly defined brown border on the
white secondaries.

A. ain is figured in Wood’s Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Great —
Britain, pl. 14, fig. 314; and following it, as fig. 315, is A. pse.

From the above, I think it highly probable that our species will
prove to be identical with A. adné of Europe; if not the same, it is
certainly very closely allied to it. : |

The figure of Acronycta funeralis Gr.-Rob. (Proc. Ent. Sie Phat.,
Wl, wplsd, ce 8), resembles very closely that of A. aint above even
to, differing mainly in the diffused border of its inferiors, their fringe
cut with black instead of simply dotted, and in the absence of the
. submarginal black streak of the superiors behind the cell. Mr, Grote
informs me that he has seen A. a/ni, and that A. funeralis and also
A. connecta Gr. (Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 79) resemble it.*

Acronycta hastulifera (Sm.-A00.).

Larva feeding on horse-chestnut ; two inches long, covered with
gray or light red hairs. Body cream-color, with two dark interrupted
stripes on each side, and two on the back. Head, feet, anal seg-

* To the kindness of Mr. Sanborn I am again indebted for a second visit made by
him to the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., in compliance with my request for a critical
comparison of the Harris specimen of “A. Americana” with the description and
figure of A. funeralis Gr.-Rob., and for information just received from him, that the
two are, without doubt, the same species.

Now that both the larval and perfect stages of A. funeralis are described and
figured, a satisfactory comparison may be made with A. alni, to determine the ques-
tion of their identity which has arisen from the marked resemblance in the Tenee
sentations of their unique larve.

The habitat of A. funeralis is evidently quite an extended one. The larva has
been taken by Mr. C. V. Riley, at Portland, Me., on elm (U/mus Americana), and by

Prof. Bessey, as Mr. Riley informs me, at Ames, Iowa. Mr. Grote’s type is from
Ohio.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 159

ment, eleventh segment superiorly, and under side of body, black.
Two dorsal pencils of black hairs one-third of an inch long, on the
fourth segment, two on the sixth segment, and one on the eleventh ;
the pencils have a black spot at their base.

Another larva feeding on the linden (Zilia Americana) had the
body pale green, with yellowish hairs dorsally and white laterally.

When confined in a box, the larva spins a firm cocoon in one of
the angles, in which it interweaves bits of the material bitten from
the space inclosed by the cocoon.

Harris describes the cocoon (Apatela Americana, in Insects of
New England, second edition, p. 338) as having “the half-oval web

of silk, intermixed with the hairs of its body.” Of six cocoons con-

structed by larvee collected by me, only one contained intermixed
hairs.

The female moth has the upper surface of the wings darker, and
the under surface less shining than in the other sex.

Acronycta oblinata (Sm.-A0d0.).

Larva feeding on the blossoms of smart-weed ( Polygonum punctatum
Elliot), September 15th. Length one inch and one-fourth. Velvety
black, with a tawny red substigmatal stripe. Segments with tuber-
cles, from which clusters of short hairs radiate, which are red on the
upper part of the first four and last two segments, and white on the
intermediate ones; from the tubercles on the terminal segment, long
hairs proceed. Stigmata white.

Spun a cocoon between some leaves which it drew together.

Agrotis tricosa nov. sp.

I have for some time had set apart in my collection, three distinct
forms of “ Agrotis subgothica Haworth.” Now that Mr. Grote, in
correction of some former determinations, has recently pointed out,
beyond question, the true Agrotis subgothica, and shown it to be
the species redescribed by Guenée as A. gaculifera, and has also
described as A. herilis a second form which Guenée had regarded
as a variety of the former (var. B, not A), it only remains in order
to clear up the confusion so long existing among these forms, to
indicate the third species, which is easily to be distinguished from
the other two.

A. tricosa is between subgothica and herilis, approaching nearer

to the former in its antennal pectinations, the general coloring of its

160 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

primaries, the pale subcostal nervure with brown linings, and in the

form, color and marking of its orbicular. In size and in the dark

coloring of its secondaries it is nearer to herales.

It is readily distinguished from swbgothica by its smoky-brown
secondaries, broadly dark outwardly and paling gradually inwardly,
in marked. contrast with the distinctly brown-bordered white wings
of that species, especially in the ¢. It has not the red reniform of
subgothica. , |

Its most prominent differential features, compared with A. herilis,
are the following: While the antennal structure is the same in the
three species, in this the pectinations are stronger than in herzlis.
Both the subcostal and median nervures are pale gray, bordered with
brown lines. The orbicular is concolorous with these nervures, more |
broadly open above, almost or completely uniting superiorly with
the reniform, and with an interior brown line forming nearly a tri-
angle, in coutinuation of the two lines bordering the subcostal; in ©
herilis the orbicular is less open, approaching a U, and in some
instances contracted above into a suborbicular form, and separated
by some space from the reniform. It also differs from hereles in the
acute extension of the internal tooth of the anterior median line, con-
necting with or nearly approaching the posterior median; in the
interspaceal forked black rays behind the cell and between the median
nervules; in the greater distance of the posterior median line from
the reniform ; in its less distinctly marked posterior median line (in
herilis usually continuous and composed of interspaceal crescents) ; in
its paler subterminal region; in its better defined subterminal line
preceded by sagittate spots; in the distinct marginal black crescents
interspaceally ; in its paler costal region and general dark brown
shade of the wing, instead of blackish ; in its paler tegule, and collar
less prominently marked with a transverse black line.

Material under examination in the above comparisons; A. sub-
gothica, 17 6s, 129’s; A. tricosa, 9 6’s, 59's; A. herilis, 14 6s,
5° 7s.

Measurements of the expanse of wings of the three species give
the following results :

Average. Min. Max.
A. subgothicas dos 10 spec. 1.55 in.’ 1.387 in. 1:62, in.
JM cies bOI Bb fe jan sb ate Di Sine MAO 1.61 1.81

Ae leat WES Oe eietcied. saat RA oe 8 oy B® nies 4 1.69

eld
~~

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 161

A. tricosa appears to be as abundant as it allies in this portion of
the State, appearing contemporaneously with them. We have no
knowledge of its occurrence, or of Aeriizs, in England, where proba-
bly swbgothica was alone introduced from this country. Dr. Boisdu-
val reports A. jaculifera (subgothica ?) among California collections.

The following is the synonymy of the above species:

Agrotis subgothica Haworth. Lepidop. Britan., 1810, Part —.

subgothica Stephens. Illus. Brit. Ent., 1829. Haust. II, p. 25, pl. 22, f. 3.
subgothica Wood. Illus. Cat. Lep. Ins. Gr. Brit., 1833-8, p. 36, pl. 9, f. 149.
jaculifera Guenée. Spec. Gen. Lep., 1852, V. p. 262, pl. 5, fi 4.

subgothica Fitch. 1st-2d Rep. Ins. N. Y., 1856, p. 314, pl. 3, f. 1.
jaculifera Riley. 1st Rep. Ins. Mo., 1869, p. 82, pl. 1, f. 11.

subgothica Grote: in-Bul. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1873, I, p. 99.

> > b hh

Agrotis tricosa 70v. sp.
A. jaculifera var. A. Guenée Spec. Gen. Lep., 1852, V. p. 262.
A. subgothica Riley. 1st Rep. Ins. Mo., 1869, pp. 81-2, f. 29 5 (not a).
A. subgothica Packard. Guide Stud. Ins., 1869, p. 306, f. 238 (right hand fig.).

Agrotis herilis Grote.
A. jaculifera var. B. Guenée. Spee. Gen. Lep., 1852, V, p. 262.
A. herilis Grote: in Bul. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1878, I. p. 99.

Hadena lignicolor (Guen.) Grote.

A larva of this species was found lying in a cell beneath a stone,
on the 18th of May. It changed to a pupa during the night. The
imago emerged June 29th. :

A number of examples of the moth have been taken by me, but I
have never known it to occur abundantly.

Hadena adjuncta (Boisd.) Grote.

Caterpillar feeding on blossoms of golden rod (Solidago Canadensis).
Length one inch and one-fourth. Body pale apple-green; a narrow
vascular stripe bordered by darker green lines; on each segment
superiorly, a semicircular dark-green line, concave anteriorly ; fourth,
fifth and eleventh segments, marked with olive-green, the last seg-
ment elevated in a hump; a pale green stigmatal line, giving off
diagonally a line to the back of each proleg.

Buried in the ground for pupation, and made a cell just beneath
the surface. Imago emerged April 2d. When disturbed, drops upon
its back and lies motionless for several minutes. Schoharie, 1857.

Cucullia florea Guen.

Through the kindness of Mr. A. R. Grote, of Buffalo, I have had
the privilege of examining a Cucullia, which he regards as the above
11

162 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEvMm.

species. It is, unfortunately, in quite poor condition, having lost
many of its scales, its fringes and its wings somewhat injured, etc.
The single example from which Guenée’s description was drawn, was —
also ‘assez mauvaise,” and his diagnosis consequently is quite brief
and incomplete. To add to the perplexity, Guenée gives us a figure
(Woctuélites, II, pl. 7, f. 9) so entirely at variance with his descrip-
tion, in coloring, markings and size, that it can only serve to mislead. |

The description (1. ¢., p. 184) is as follows: Primaries of the form
of the preceding [ postera, asteroides and asteris|, of a uniform, deep —
bluish ash-gray, without a light or ferruginous shade, with the costa
and the internal border blackish. The two median spots very
vague, but distinguishable, surrounded and filled with blackish spots
(groupes). Tooth of the internal border single, concolored, followed
by an internal shade, surmounted itself by a straight blackish line.
Extrabasilar line slightly visible, with rounded angles. Secondaries
a little nacreous, with border broadly blackish, and with nervures
deeper. 40mm.

While the example before me does not wholly conform to the
above description, the differences are such as may result from the
imperfect condition of the specimen. It may, therefore, without
much risk of error, be accepted as the florea of Guenée, now for the
first time, it is believed, recognized in this country. The following
are some of its features :

The primaries are bluish-gray, giving a very decided blue reflec-
tion when viewed obliquely. The costal margin seems as if it may
have been suffused with blackish. The internal margin is blackish
above a slender black line running from the basilar curve of the wing,
to the outer margin. A black line, interrupted at the nervules, rests —
on the outer margin. There were apparently white and black sub-
marginal streaks in the interspaces. The condition of the wings does
not permit the tracing of the discal spots. The white mark (tooth)
at the internal angle is crescentiform, preceded and followed by
blackish, with the two black lines outwardly as above mentioned by
Guenée, and as shown in his figure.

The secondaries are somewhat hyaline, tinged with bith and
with a lustrous brown border, quite narrowed toward the internal
angle, and at the apex occupying nearly one-fourth of the wing.
The veins are clothed with dark scales.

The tegule are gray, with a few intermingled black scales.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 163

Wings beneath, a lustrous smoky-brown. The tuft supporting the
frennlum is rust-red. There are no cellular lunules, and the mar-
ginal band of the secondaries is obsolete.

Expanse of wings 1.85 in.; length of body, .75 in. In the figure
of Guenée, the alaric sk phtive is represented .28 in. in excess of that
given in the description (40mm.).

This species seems to be the most rare of our Cucullias, the above
example being the only one of which I have knowledge. C. postera
appears to be nearly as rare. A single pair is in the collection of
Mr. Meske, and, from their photographs, Mr. Strecker has identified
an example in his possession, taken at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

?Chariclea exprimens ( Walker).

Caterpillar feeding on rose leaves ; length one inch and one-eighth,
head red, body green with yellow lateral stripes, along which a num-
ber of black spots are sprinkled. On the first segment, dorsally, are

four black spots, on the second are two, and on the terminal (?) seg-

ment are four ; these are of a larger size than the remaining ones, of
which there are four on each of the other segments, forming a trape-
zoid in which the two anterior are considerably nearer the mesial
line than the two posterior.

Taken August 4th, 1859, at Schoharie, and on the 7th August
changed to an imperfect pupa, which did not develop.

It is believed to be identical with other larve from which C.
exprimens has been reared.

- Chamyris cerintha (77cits.).

From a cocoon made in an angle of a box, the moth emerged May
12th. When disturbed, it runs rapidly about the box, without taking

wing. Upon suddenly opening the box, it has, in several instances,

been observed to drop upon its back mal lie in that position, with
folded limbs, for several minutes, counterfeiting death.

It has been captured in the vicinity of Albany, and by Mr. Meske
at Sharon Springs.

Plusia balluca (Zidn.).

A moth of the above species emerged from a cocoon July 6th
(1861), which was taken about the 20th of June from a hop vine.
The cocoon was attached to the under side of a leaf, and through its

164 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

thin and loose threads, like a spider’s web, the white pupa could
plainly be seen, with some black marks on its back. After the escape
of the imago, the puparinm was of a light horn color, with small
black spots surrounding the stigmata and with black lines on the
incisures of the four anterior dorsal segments, and with two black
spots at the. base of each wing-cover. The tongue-case projected
above an eighth of an inch, over three of the abdominal segments.
Anal spine short and straight. |

This beautiful moth has been frequently taken at Schoharie, in
some seasons not having been at all rare.

Plusia swroides Grote.

A moth of this species emerged from cocoon July 8th (1861). The
larva was taken while sweeping some low plants of violets, ete. No
description was made. It was of a delicate apple-green color, with-
out hairs, with rather deep incisures. It is believed to have had
some yellow markings upon it.

Scoliopteryx libatrix (Lenn.).

The moth emerged August 8d, from a cocoon which had been
found lightly spun within a willow leaf. There are probably two
annual broods of this species, as I have taken it in the early part of
May.

I learn frorh Dr. Speyer that the brief description which I have
given of the larva in the 28d Leport on the State Cabinet, p. 695,
corresponds with the European form, and that they agree, also, in
their habit of pupation. |

Catocala parta Guen.

Larva found on the willow July 7th. It spun some leaves together,
and twenty-two days thereafter the moth appeared. |

————

Mesographe stramentalis ibn.

Larva measuring from seven to eight-tenths of an inch in length.
Head small, glossy black. Body spindle-shaped, slate-colored dor-
sally, dull green ventrally; on the dorsum are two rows of small
white dots; just above the stigmata a broad yellow stripe, and
whitish markings below the stigmata; collar glossy black; several
rows of black tubercles having on two sides of most of them a white
dot, and in each tubercle a short black hair, :

¢
7
;
|

: Fe Ss ewe gee OP

ew =e 7. ww Y-.
: “F 2.) t

a et!) ee ee ae ee

Enromoto@icAaL CONTRIBUTIONS. 165

The larvee occur abundantly on leaves of the horse-radish, at Scho-
harie, during the latter part of October and first of November, living
on the under surface, and consuming nearly the entire portion of the
leaves except the principal ribs. When taken in the hand and held
loosely, they usually succeed by their rapid contortions in dropping to
the ground, and by their quick movements in finding a hiding place.

I have not obtained the imago from the above larva, but presume
that it is correctly referred in the Harris Correspondence, page 322,
to Pionea eunusalis Walker, which, according to Zeller,* is but one
of the forms of the very variable Pionea stramentalis (Hiibn.) Guen.

Zeller also claims that the genus Mesographe of Hiibner was so well
defined, that there was no propriety in the erection of the new genus
Pionea from it by Guenée, and that consequently stramentalis
should continue to be known as a Mesographe.

The moth appears to be as variable in this country as it is said to
be in Europe.

Nematocampa filamentaria Guenée.

Larva found suspended by its thread from a maple tree (Acer sac-
charinum) on the Ist of July. It was placed in a box with some leaves
to feed upon, and on the 4th it inclosed itself for its transformation,
within three small pieces of a leaf which it had cut from the edge, -
and spun together with a few silken threads. The imago emerged
on the 14th, after a pupation of ten days.

The larva is described in the Harris Entomological Correspond-
ence, page 322, and a figure of the larva in the peculiar attitude
which it assumes in repose, is given on plate 3, fig. 5.

Ennomos magnaria Guenée.

Larve feeding on lilac (Syringa vulgaris). Slight cocoons were
spun between leaves August 29, and the moths appeared September
14th.

In the Harris Entomological Correspondence, page 320, the larva
is recorded as feeding, in the months of August and September, on

Tilia.

* Beitrage zur Kenntness der nordamerik Nachtfalter, 1872, p. 75.

166 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Amphidasys cognataria Guenée.

Larva a looper, with ten feet ; two inches in length. Head forked,
light red. Body with two brown tubercles on the first segment; —
laterally, on the eighth segment, two transversely-elongate brown
warts; on the eleventh segment, two small red warts on a brown
patch; two white dots near the anterior portion of each segment
dorsally, and two similar ones below the stigmata of the eleventh
segment. |

The larva feeds on maple. Entered the ground for pupation August —
1ith (1859). The imago emerged the latter part of May.

Abraxas ribearia /72tch.

Larvee taken on currant bushes, buried in the ground for pupation
July 4th. The first imagines appeared ten days thereafter.

Note on the Season of 1858.

Pyrameis Atalanta (Linn.) has been rare, last year quite abundant.
Pyramers cardui not observed, but abundant last year. P2eris olera-
cea (Harris) has abounded for two years, but, previous to that time,
I had been able to collect but a single example. Papilio Turnus
has been unusually numerous; early in the season it was as frequent
as Oolias Philodice, while two years previous not one specimen was
observed throughout the entire season. Not one Grapta wmterroga-
tionis has been seen, and a very few of Grapta comma or G. Progne.
Not a single specimen of Catocala has been collected, while the pre-
vious year several species were obtained.

Note on the Season of 1859.

A very unfavorable season for collections, in marked contrast with
the abundance of insect life the preceding year. Some of the most
common Lepidoptera have not appeared at all, and others have only
occasionally been seen. The fullowing is a statement of the com-
parative abundance or absence of some of our Diurnals: |

Abundant. Few. None.
Colias Philodice ... Papilio Turnus ....... Papilio Troilus.
Papilio Asterias. och). «: Pieris protodice.
Pieris oleracea..... Danais Plexippus ..... Argynnis Myrina.

Argynnis Aphrodite... Argynnis Cybele.
Argynnis Bellona..... Grapta int’rogationis.

es
2 sf

None.

Alop . Grapta comma.......... Grapta J-album.

“eh Grapta Progne.......... Limenitis misippus.
ae Melita tharos.. ....... Limenitis Arthemis.

: Vanessa Milbertii ....... Limenitis Ursula.

Vanessa Antiopa.,...... Pyrameis huntera.

; Pyrameis Atalanta ...... Pyrameis cardui.

ae Lycena comyntas ....... Eudamus Tityrus.

; Chrysophanus Americana.

: ne Catocala was observed during the season. Very few
se were attracted by light on windows at night, except of the

. rrr Lie, Pin Mato! age a ais Sed

168 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.

VII. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF CUCULLIA.

Cucullia Speyeri nov. sp.

Palpi gray beneath, brown above. Front, with three transverse
rows of projecting scales, gray at tips and black at base. Collar
edged below with a sharply defined black line, pale gray in front,
with a paler band just before its middle, bordered with lines of brown
of which the posterior is the broader; when elevated, the apex and
hinder part show brown hairs. Thoracic hairs brown. Tegule
light gray, paler than the primaries, with a few scattered black scales
near their superior margin as in C. asteroides Guenée. Abdomen

Bites 13. acutely pointed in the male (Fig. 13),
» with long terminal hairs, and in the
female (Fig. 14) ending with a long
flattened tuft; whitish shading into
gray terminally, more inclined to
gray in the female, and in this sex
; interspersed with brown scales be
neath; four brown dorsal tufts of about the size of those of C. inter-
media Speyer ; on the sides of the terminal segment of the female is —
a small spot of dull ochrey-yellow hairs, and a few projected from
the incisure beneath. Tibiz concolorous with the tegule, with a—
slender black line superiorly. — |

Primaries straight on costal margin, rounding to the apex as in
the European lucifuga W.-V., and more curved than in intermedia ;
posterior margin slightly dentate, regularly sloping to the internal
angle ; interior margin nearly straight; breadth about equal to ¢nter-
media, exceeding asteroides ; narrower and more acuminate in the
male than in the female, as in all species of this genus; of a pale

Baers gray color, somewhat darker on

= the costal and internal margin and

with a silvery reflection interme-
diately. Demi-line indicated by a
short, very oblique black streak
resting on the costa, bordered be-
4 hind with white and a black dot
nearer the base, above the subcostal nervure. Median transverse

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 169

lines black, relieved in front by pale gray, better defined and more
acutely dentate than in ¢mtermedia; the anterior line five-toothed,
obscurely geminate, the interior line more distinctly defined above
the inferior portions of the subcellular teeth, the two subdorsal teeth
obscure, the cellular tooth slightly overlapping the orbicular spot,
the medial one bisected by the slender black basilar line, and the
internal one quite acute; the posterior transverse line traceable only
below the cell, except as obscurely continued in a whitish zigzag
shade across the nervules, and marked in its inception by a short,
oblique, black line, followed by a white dot resting on the costa just
beyond the bifurcation of veins 6 and 7. Reniform spot indi-
eated only in its lower portion by a black line proceeding (in the
female) from near the origin of the first median nervule (vein 2),
curving over veins 3 and 4 near their bifurcation, and termi-
nating in the black streak in cell No.4. Orbicular spot visible in its
lower portion as a short, slightly curved black line above the median
nervure, at the point of projection of vein 2, its outline doubtfully

traceable with a lens, contracted from its normal quadrate form, as

seen in C. postera Guen.,* to that of a figure 8, being almost bisected

*In C. postera(a and 2 example), the “ orbicular” spot is quadrate, resting above
and below on the subcostal and median nervures, angularly concave interiorly and
‘less angularly convex posteriorly; the interior and posterior margins are black,
interrupted just above their middle, appearing as four short lines; interior of the
spot gray, with two elongate quadrangular markings, of which one is above and the
other below the cellular fold. In this species the ‘‘ orbicular ” is better defined than
in any other of the species under my observation.

In asteroides (three 4’s and three ¢’s), in the strongest marked male, the spot is
not defined in outline, but is represented by three black dots beneath the subcostal
and three above the median nervure; four additional black dots, in range with these,
pertaining to the reniform (making two rows of five spots each), give to the discal
region the punctuated appearance observed in the European species next noticed.
In other examples, the middle one of the three lower spots is wanting, and in others
the middle of the upper ones also ; this more frequently in the female.

In C. absynthii Linn., of Europe (one 4), the orbicular assumes a very interesting
form, from which, together with corresponding characters in the reniform, it has
received the name of punctigera (Berl. Mag., 111, 100), and la pointillée by Engramelle.
It is composed of six black subquadrate spots, of which three lie in a row beneath
the subcostal and three above the median nervure, the middle spot in each row sur-
rounded with white scales which sometimes extend over a part or all of one or both
of the contiguous spots. :

In asteris W.-Y. (three ¢’s, two ¢’s), the female has the. spot four-punctated and
of the normal form, with traces of the interior transverse lines. In the male, the
marginal lines form the four oblique sides of a hexagon, with a trace of the superior

_ transyerse interior line only.

. |

170 Twenty-sixtH Report on tur Srate Mousevm.

by the extended acute cellular tooth of the anterior median line,

which in this species surpasses the same tovth in éntermedia and its —

allies, and nearly equals that of chamomillw. Nerves and nervules
clothed with black scales, and faintly relieved by white ones; the
latter bordered with white scales as they approach the margin, which
are continued on the fringe, extending nearly one-half across it. In
the interspace (cell 4), below the disco-central nervure (vein 5), a
black line running from the outer margin of the reniform, half-way
to the margin, whence its continuation may be traced, with a lens,
beneath the interspaceal white streak; in cells 5 and 6 are indis-
tinct black streaks beneath the white streaks, not reaching the mar-
gin; in cell No. 3, a short black streak extending from outer third of
interspaceal streak to the margin; in cell No. 2 a corresponding ~
black streak but shorter and broader; in cell No. 1 b, a black line,
having a white streak before and behind it, extends from the mar-
ginal termination of vein 2, obliquely to the median fold, increas-
ing in breadth before reaching it, where it runs into a black line
resting on the fold, which is broadest at the point of contact and
- loses itself just before reaching the posterior median band ; this oblique
line is more prominent that in intermedia, lucifuga and wmbratica,
but less conspicuous than in postera, asterovdes and asteris.* Terminal
margin with an obsolete black line, interrupted by the nervules..

In lucifuga W.-V. (one ¢, one ¢), an arc of the superior and another of the infe-
rior portions of the margin are visible, leaving the outline of the spot not defined.

In intermedia (four ¢’s and four 9’s), close scrutiny with a lens reveals, in the
more perfect specimens, a faint, fine, curved, black line above the pts nervure,
representing the inferior margin of the spot.

In wmbratica Linn. (two 6’s and four 9’s), two dots, of ‘which the outer one is
sometimes elongated, mark the lower corners of the spot, visible in all the speci-
mens. In the most distinctly marked female, two oblique lines below the subcostal,
running the one outwardly and the other inwardly, indicate the superior portion of
the spot.

In chamomille W.-V. (one 6 and one ¢), the spot is reduced to two black dots, .
one at each end of a pale elongate spot beneath the subcostal.

In convexipennis Gr.-Rob. (one é and two 9’s), the spot is obsolete, having its —
position indicated only by two black dots beneath the subcostal ; a third dot, and
occasionally a fourth outside of these, pertain to the reniform.

In lichnitides Ramb., lichnitis of Guenée (two ¢’s), are two black dots above the
median, and over these a semi-elliptical pale spot bordered with brown, cecnr a
the ends, lying between the subcostal and the cellular fold.

In scrophulart we W.-V. (three ¢’s), the same features appear as in lichnitides, but
not quite so well defined.

* The engraver has omitted these interspaceal black streaks from the figures, and
failed to represent correctly the associated white ones.

‘

, eres. 4002

5 eer e < l e

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

F. Fringe squamose, long, equal in length to the space between veins
_ 2 and 3 on the margin; basal third brown, and a narrow brown

line through its middle; outer scales clavate, and, under a lens,
white, centered with pale brown.
Secondaries abruptly rounding into the apex, which is slightly

acute, less so than in asteroides; outer margin convex, excavate

between the subdorsal and median nervules and prominently angu-
late on the submedian; in the male, white, hyaline, with a lustrous
brown border, shading paler from the margin inwardly, broadest
apically where it occupies one-sixth of the length of the wing, nar-
rowing regularly to the internal angle, and terminating between the
submedian and internal nervures. The subdorsal and median nerves
and nervules with brown scales, which almost cover the nervules,

_ especially in the subterminal region; the submedian with a marginal

spot of a few brown scales. Fringe white, with a few pale brown
scales on the superior half of the wing. In the female, wing whitish
(smoky-white) basally and slightly hyaline; border a lustrous brown,
of not quite so dark a shade as in asteroides, broader than in that
species, about equal to intermedia, occupying nearly one-third of the
wing apically, its inner margin tolerably well defined, and is con-
tinued indistinctly along the internal nervure nearly to the base:
costal region also shaded with brown above the s. c. nervure and
extending into the cell in the basilar region. The submedian and

its branches more heavily clothed with brown scales than in the ¢.

Fringe white, traversed with brown in its superior half.

Beneath, primaries lustrous pale brown, the costa gray basally,
the 2 with ochreous hairs supporting the frenulum. Secondaries
without the discal spot, which is also lacking in asterozdes, evident
in asteris and conspicuous in wmbratica, lucifuga and intermedia ;
white in the 4 with brown scales in the costal and apical region and

a few on the terminal margin; the terminal and subterminal regions

give a creamy reflection in a certain light. In the ?, more nume-
rous brown scales costally, and with a lustrous brown border nearly
as broad and as prominent as on the upper surface, traversed by the
paler nervules.

Expanse of wings of ¢, 1.98 in.; of 9, 2.07 in. Length of body,
including anal tuft of 4, 1in.; of 9, .95 in.

I take pleasure in naming this species after Dr. Speyer, in recog-

nition of the study that he has bestowed on the perplexing species of

172 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USEUM.

the genus, as shown in two excellent articles on some closely allied
and for a long time confused European species, published in the ©
Stettiner Ent. Zeit., in 1858 and 1859; also in his valuable paper
published in the same journal in 1870, and a translation given in the
23d Ann. Report on the NV. ¥-.. State. Cabinet, but for which paper
our entermedia might yet haye been regarded identical with the quite
dissimilar wmbratica of Europe.

The detection of this interesting species is due to the indefatigalile :
zeal in collecting, of Mr. Otto Meske, of Albany, and to his ae
perception of new Lepidopterous forms or features. A pair, in per-
fect condition, are in his cabinet, from which the above description
is drawn, and, as they are the only examples which have come under
my observation, it is probably quite rare. The female was taken by
him, at Albany, on the 6th of June; the male was found at Sharon
Springs, N. Y., on the 15th of August, at rest upon a fence, and was —
recognized, before being pinned, as differing from intermedia. |

The description has been carefully drawn and extended, perhaps, to
an unusual degree of minuteness, for the reason that the genus pre-
sents us with species which can only be separated from one another,
in the imago state by very careful discrimination, and requiring for
their identification, a faithful delineation of inconspicuous features.
M. Guenée, in his Species Général des Lépidopteres, remarks, that in
Cucullia “it frequently occurs that caterpillars the most different, it
might almost be said, the most opposite, produce moths so very near,
that it is only by great care that they can be distinguished.” In
remarking on C. lucifuga Reesel, he says: ‘ The luczfuga of Treits-
chke appears to me a lactuce; that of Duponchel is a chamomille ;
that of Borkhausen seems an wmbratica, as also those of Stephens
and Esper.” The greatest confusion has existed in regard to C. blat-
tarie, for, according to Guenée, the canine of Rambur and the thap-
siphaga of Duponchel are identical with the true dlattariw of Esper ;
the dblattarve of Her.-Sch. is thapsiphaga Treitschke; the blattarve
of Boisduval is scrophularivora Rambur ; the blattarie of Duponchel
is prenanthis Boisduval. Thapsiphaga figures as synonyms of three
different species. Umbratica Linn. appears as lactuce of Fabricius ?,
Hiibner, Treitschke, Haworth and Stephens, the lducifuga of Esper
and Borkhausen, and the tanecete of Stephens. Lychnitis Engramelle
and scrophulariw W.-V. so strongly resemble one another that seve-
ral authors have believed them to be identical. Esper figures both as
_ the same species, but according to Speyer, there can be no doubt

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 173

- that they are distinct, he having reared numbers of the imagines of
both species from larve presenting constant differential features. On
_ the authority of the same author, the females of lactucw and wmbra-
_ tiea are with difficulty separable.
The genus is also very numerous in species. Guenée records forty-
_ four European species. Up to the present, only five * American
species had been described, but in all probability a number of others
_ will hereafter be detected. |
Of the species with which I am able to institute a comparisons
§ Speyeri stands between ¢tntermedia, lucifuga (nearer to the latter in
the gray and more distinct markings of the primaries) and asterordes.
4 The female bears a stronger resemblance to dweifuga than does the
male. In the white color and hyalescence of its secondaries, its
abdomen and brown scales of the tegulz, it approaches asteroides,
but lacks the angulated white line near the internal angle character-
izing that species, asterzs, postera, florea, convexipennis, etc. The
_ resemblance of the secondaries to those of asterotdes is particularly
_ marked, only that in the latter species the border is less conspicuous.
_ Having been informed by Mr. Herman Strecker, of Reading,
_ Penn., that he had in his cabinet an undetermined Cucullia, near to
intermedia, | submitted to him a photograph of the above species,
requesting its critical comparison with the species in his possession.
_ As these pages are passing through the press, I learn from him that
_ the two are identical, and that he has two examples of it which were
taken at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia. It had also been taken,
he states, near Reading, and it did not appear to be more rare in
that vicinity than ¢ntermedia.t i

; * These are asteroides Guen., postera Guen., florea Guen., intermedia Speyer, and
convexipennis Gr.-Rob. Chamomille W.-V. is credited by Walker,to the State of
New York and Hudson’s Bay, but its occurrence in this. country has not, that I am
aware, been confirmed. A species described as 0. Yosemite by Mr. Grote, has sub-
sequently been stated by its author not to pertain to the genus.

‘ Dr. Boisduval, in his Lépidopléres de la Californie, 1869, p. 89, credits the European
B asteris to California, erroneously regarding it as identical with asterotdes, stating of
it, *‘elevée de la chenille par M. Lorquin sur le Solidago Canadensis. M.Guenee en
a fait une espéce a part sous le nom d@’ Asteroides.” The two species differ so much
in their features, that the above error could not have occurred if examples had been

placed side by side for comparison.

: + Through the kindness of Mr. Strecker, I am in the receipt of one of the above
examples (a female), whereby I am able to verify his determination of the species.
_ It conforms to the typical examples as above described, with the single exception
] that the anal tuft, instead of being flattened, is contracted to a point nearly as acute
’ as in the male, although not so long.

174 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

A few copies of these papers have been accompanied by two photo
graphic plates containing figures of all the species noticed in this
paper, viz.: Plate I, postera, asteris, asteroides, Speyer and inter-
media, in each sex; Plate II, luctfuga 6, absynthit 6, chamomille
6 2, umbratica 6 2, convexipennis $ 2, scrophularwe 6 and
lichnitides @. |

In consideration of the far greater accuracy ensured in the repre-
sentation of the above species by the aid of photography than it is
possible to attain by any other method, it is to be regretted that the
expense of the production of such plates gb ibe their presentation
in the entire issue of this Report.

Cucullia serraticornis nov. sp.

Antennze biserrated ; the serratures, which are less conspicuous at
the base and tip, as seen from above, consist apparently of a row on.
each side beneath of conical projections, bearing rows of curved
whitish cilia on their lateral margins beneath, which increase in length
from the base to the apex. Palpi nearly horizontal, gray with brown
scales, third joint short and rounded. Front gray with some black
scales. Collar yellowish-brown below the prominent black transverse
line; above gray with the usual paler line bordered with darker
scales, and still darker ones on the upper margin of the collar.
Tegule concolorous with the wings. Thorax fuscous; an abdominal
series of similar colored tufts on the first four segments. Abdomen ~
gray, paler basally. ;

Primaries straight costally or slightly concave from the folding
over of the marginal nervure, gently curving to the apex, which is
obtuse ; outer margin entire, sloping moderately to the inner margin,
which is long and nearly straight. Color pale ash-gray, darker on
the inner margin. Anterior median line blackish, teeth acute, pre-
ceded by a white shade, beyond which some blackish lines almost
geminate it. Posterior median line obsolete, except in cell 1 3,
where it is bidentate; the teeth preceded by an elongate-oval, brown |
bordered white spot on the submedian fold, extending to the anterior
median line; followed by a white angulated line (the “tooth” of the.
internal aaley from the concavity of which a black streak (the usual
interspaceal streak of the internal angle) runs obliquely to the first
median nervule (vein 2). Costal margin over the place of the orbi-
cular, with a diffuse brown shade and two oblique brown streaks at
the inception of the posterior median. Basilar line black, fine; a slen-

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 175

. der black line on the internal margin. Reniform indicated by a row
of black dots anterior to the discal cross-vein ; orbicular only visible

as a central pale shade and four outer brown dots. Nerves and
nervules clothed with black scales; on the interspaces intermediately

are brown scales, with a white streak centrally, beneath which, on

the subterminal margin, are the usual black streaks in all the inter-

spaces, the most conspicuous of which is that in cell 4 (farther

removed from the margin than the others). Fringe white, cut with
brown on each side of the nervules, opposite the interspaceal lines of
brown scales ; these brown ciliary scales of each interspace joined by
a brown marginal line.

Secondaries acute, excavated opposite the cell, slightly dentate ;
white, hyaline. Nerves and nervules heavily marked with black
scales, especially toward the margin; no distinct marginal border,
but in place thereof the extreme margin is brown, with some brown
scales extending a short distance therefrom, and farther in cells 1 6
and 4; some brown scales on the costal nervure apically.

Beneath, primaries pale brown with an seneous reflection; a con”
spicuous brown spot on the discal cross-vein. Secondaries, with
brown scales on the nerves and nervules and marginally as above,

though less abundantly ; sprinkled with brown scales costally, and in

the cell above the fold; cellular fold ana discal cross-vein above it
broadly covered with brown scales, diffuse on the latter, giving a
conspicuous cellular spot; these features seen in transparency from

above.

Described from two 4’s, differing materially in size; the larger
and better specimen, from which the features are mainly drawn,
measures two inches expanse of wings, length of body .86 in.; the
other 1.70 in. expanse, length of body .72 in.

In addition to disparity in size, the two examples differ somewhat
in shape of wings, those of the smaller being narrower and more
acute, to the degree that the male usually varies from the female in
the several species of this genus; yet the two examples are undoubted
males, as is shown by their frenulum examination. In all other par-
ticulars, so far as they are traceable, the two are identical. They are
unfortunately in poor condition, and the description above given
may require correction.

Habitat, California. From Mr. James Behrens (No. 5), through
Mr. Grote.

176 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE M USBUM.

The species can at once be separated from all a Ps described

Cucullias, by its serrated antennee (in the 4), it being the only spe-

cies known in which this form exists. Conforming in other respects —
to the typical forms of the genus, the simple difference of antennal
structure does not seem to warrant its separation, but simply a modi-
fication of the generic diagnosis as given by Guenée ; “ se: antennee
[usually] cylindrical and entirely smooth in both sexes.” It may be
recognized by the double interspaceal brown ciliary cuttings, the
prominent cellular spot and the brown cellular line of the secondaries
beneath, extending from the base to the discal cross-vein. The latter
feature will probably be found to be less conspicuous in the 93; it is
feebly represented in one ¢ example of C. entermedza in my posses-
sion, and still more indistinctly ina 6 of C. lucifuga..

In the presence of the “tooth” of the internal angle of the prima-
ries, the hyalescence of the secondaries and general coloration, the
species seems allied to asterovdes and florea. I regret that I am
unable to give a comparison of shape of wings, owing to the variation,
as above stated, in the examples before me.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 177

VII. OBSERVATION OF SOME NEW YORK RHOPALOCERA

FOR THE YEAR 1871.

A calendar of the occurrence of the Rhopalocera, upon the plan
presented in the Report for 1870, was commenced for the following
year, but was necessarily suspended early in the month of July, after
the following records had been made:

Papilio Lurnus Jinn.............. May 30; Junel, 8,16; July 7.

emo frollus Jinn ............- June 1, 8, 16.

Papilio Asterias Drury............ May 19, 30; June 1, 8, 13.

Pieris rapze (Linn.)..,. ol ES March 14; May 2, 12, 16, 23,
30; June 1; July 7.

Colias Pholodice Godt............. May 2, 12, 16, 19, 23, 30; June
1, 8, 18, 16; July 7.

Danais Plexippus (Zznn.).......... June 1; July 7.

Argynnis Aphrodite Fabr.......... July 7.

Argynnis Cybele Fabr............ June 13.

Argynnis Myrina(Cram.).......... June 8, 13, 16; July 7.

Phyciodes tharos (Drury) Hiibn.... June 1, 8, 13, 16; July 7.

Phyciodes Batesii Reak............ June 8, 16.

Charidryas Nycteis (Dowbl.) Scudd.. July 7.

Melitza Phaeton Fabr............ June 16; July 7.

Grapta J—album (Bovsd.-Lec.) ...... June 1.

Vanessa Antiopa (Zznn.).......... May 2, 12, 16, 19, 30; July 7.

Limenitis misippus (Fabr.)......... June 1, 8, 13, 16; July 7.

Neonympha Eurytus (Fabr.)........ June 1, 8, 13, 16.

RTS (GOML.) ws cn ee sole May 2.) 22, 16, .:19, 23, 30;

; June 8.

Thecla Augustus Xirby............ May 2, 12, 16, 19.

Thecla Niphon (/iidn.)............ May 2, 12, 16, 19.

Thecla Melinus (Hiibn.)............ May 12.

Thecla Edwardsii Sauwnd........... July 7.

Lyceena violacea Hdw............. May 12, 19.

Lyceena neglecta Hdw............. May 16, 19, 23, 30; June 1,
8, 16.

178 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEvm.

‘Lycsena comyntas (Godt.)....... .. May 2, 12,16, 19, 23, 30; June
1 8sduly =
Lycsena Scudderii Adw............ May 30; June 8, 16; July 7.

Chrysophanus Americana (//arr.)... May 16, 19, 28, 30; June 1,
: 8,13; July 7.

Thorybes Pylades Seudd......... .. sune 1, 8, 13) 16> dulag
Epargyreus Tityrus (/abr.)........ May 30; June 8, 16.
Nisoniades Juvenalis (fabr.)....... May 12, 16, 19, 23, 30; June 8.
Nisoniades Persins Scudd.......... May 12, 16, 19, 23, 30.
Nisoniades Lueilius Zintn...... peewee ale

Nisoniades Martialis Scudd........ May 16, 19, 23, 30; June 8, 16.
Nisoniades Ausonius Zintn...,..... May 12.

Nisoniades Brizo Botsd.-Lec....... May 2, 12, 19.

Nisoniades Icelus Lonin...:........ May 19, 23, 30; June 8, 16.

Ancyloxypha Numitor (Habr.) Feld. June 13.
Amblyscirtes vialis (Hdw.) Scudd... June 8, 16.

Ocytes metea "Scwdd,... 21... «coisa oe ae May 1%, 19, 23, 30; June 8.
Atrytone Zabulon (Lotsd.- Lee.) Scudd. May 30; June 1, 8, 16, 13.
Polites Peckius (Airby) Scudd...... June 1, 8, 13.

Limochores Mystic (Hdw.) Scudd.... June 8, 18, 16.
Limochores bimacula (Grote-fob.)... June 13.

Limochores Tauinas (/adr.)........ June 13, 16; July 7.
Limochores Manataaqua Scudd..... June 16; July 7.
Merema, Hianna, Seuwdd.<. . 0. snes May 28, 30; June 8, 16.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 179

IX. DATES OF COLLECTION OF SOME NEW YORK HETEROCERA

FOR THE YEAR 1872.

SPHINGIDA.
CYS. 1L00. oo. os esc ee vYi sans ONO, 4,
I SGT OS rc June 6,
Darapsa Cheerilus (Cram.)..... a9 Ae June 19, June 27.
EBOEMRR: (LODT.) 0.0 5 oa ew ire cy Delle eg dee June 18.
Deilephila chamenerii Harr......... ahs ES (jit wer dame BO:
mumemipeius Pandorus (fiibn.)........ 0.6 0 cede ees June 27.
@ememmtnns geminatus Say....... 0.0.0.0 cee cee eee June 8.
Smerinthus excecatus (Sm.-Abbd.), larva.... 00-02. 00.- Cetra pb.
STMIERIHIOSE WLR. 0s oe ce Cees awe dindis June 1.
IIE“ CL1G090-) 0 wos cinta wc nine se eles ett ee bana June 27.
@oninx drupiferarum S7.-Abb..... 2... 0.22 eee cee cane June 19,
Sphinx kalmiz Sm.-Abd., larva on ash................. Sept. 24.
METIS CPO i. ce ee ee May 29, June 2%.
TO Oo) June 27.
Agrius eremitus, larva on mint............-... 000000 Sept. 24.
Ellema Harrisii Clem., larva on pine.......... Sept. 3, Sept. 19.

ANGERID.
Abgeria tipuliformis (Linn.)......... 0.6. eee. June 16, June 23.

ZYGENIDE. |

SEIMEI FTGG090 ow vee eee cee e eens Sept. 24.
Se METOIMICN (CAGrP.). 6.6.6 ec ede eet wees ene June 12.

Bompycr 2%.
Euphanessa mendica ( Walk.)....... Re Oey July 8-—July 21.
Hypoprepia miniata (Avrby)....... ies eT oe ORION July 28.
RTI IN OHIB ets woe wins og oicls Sew ee’ walls Sept. 24.
TEE) 2 SOR Soy ie te Peo y oh ba se weld July 28.
Spilosoma virginica (Yabr.)...........000 eee May 30-June 39.
Orgyia leucustigma (Sm.-Abd.)........ 2. eee eee eee July 9.
Parorgyia parallela Gr.-Zob., larva on pine........:.... Sept. 24.

Es ; 3

180 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.

Ichthyura albosigma (//%éch), larva on poplar.... Sept. 5, Sept.

mvenias Luna: ( Pao. de vn ka ken ee Cee June 7, June
Flatysamia Cecropia (Zinm.) sic. ates 2 PE fades See ae July
bly perchiria Lo (27abr, Ol os Ci as aoe ee June
Hacles imperialis (Drury), larva on pine... ....5+.-+ 220s Sept.
EAmigOta, Benatoria \/10N.). <2. uelenme ¢ cue eect eee June
Anisota stigma (Sm.-Add)., larva on oak...... ser Sr cae Sept.
elype laricis. (ten y: tok 2. vce ee ae ee ee Sept.
Nocruip#. .
Acronycta occidentalis Grote... ccna May 25, June
Acronycta oblinita (Sim.--A6d.), larva on smart-weed...... Sept.
Teucania: pallens: -(1207090.) oc o/s oss: oan bea gc June 7, June
Hhencania wnipunctar, ALAWOPEN oo) sncth tne ae kd June 6, Aug.
Microcoslia diphteroides. Gen wie... wad AS as ate aa ee June
Hydreeeia. nictitans (Zann.\ 0% ono a ee July 14, July
Hydrecia’ lores -Guen,... 22. 8/ at fA eee ae June 24, July
El ydrosela sera (Gc LeOd 5... ate schol levee ... July 5, July
Ey drescia immanis: G ten ..<sc. case bocethent ccs ee oe ae Oe Aug.
Nephelodes -violans’.Gwen «0-9. cc.10 LOM ee of ae eo Sept.
Hadena lignicolor (Guen.) Grote............. July 4, July
fadena pancticat 300s - noi o ah Suche a Soe ee June 27—July
Hadena dubijtans ( Walk.) Grote..........:... duly 7, Aug.
Hadena devastator (brace) Grote. ..........4. July T-Aug.
A partied <laspis Ger 0. ore oo HAG se SERRE oie eae July
Apames Nits GTOLE 2 cals es ol cea ee June
Celsena herbimacula; Gwen. 20. ees cle ate June 17—July
PAPE OCIS SSM ELOISE Moc Vis tpi o's Ging yeh = ae Eero June 17, July
Agrotis venerabilis Walk...... eh ant i eh: Sept. 15, Sept.
Avrotissubvothica Haworth. )0- ioc)... 0-5 eke July 21, July
Meratip Were GHObe ao ais. oe, eer 5, d age pens aia Aug.
Noctua clandestima 077) 2.02. 2)aae acy July 4, July 14, Sept.
Noetuabiearnea, Gwen, .....) 8 SERRA 8 oe July
Woctuajanour HOO? . :ylie as vs sues nt ee July 4, July
Xantinatcircillaris Vatur,.. . 4.4... Leese eae Sept..
Paniocarpa: instabilis (ies). o)0 ce ce seekers April 4, May
Apleeta IherbidassW.- Vid. ischaa, omic ale Uae ot ee July
Hy ppamylinoidest(G wen.) <i taal oe eve Aug. 14, Sept.
Mamestra chenopodii (Albin)...... ee tip cose May 29, Aug.

Xylina cinerea [riley ........... .. April 20, Aug. 4, Sept.

‘i

~ @
»

3
%

Sememmorornunel Gr- fod... ee wee eee as Sept.
Seuomusmanitermedia Speyer... .... 2... ee ee eee eee July
EE Ce ee July
MEEEPOIGES (70%... ee te eee. Aug.
Cucullia asteroides, larva on Solidago.................. Sept.
Cucullia convexipennis @7.-ob., larva on Solidago...... Sept.
Chariclea exprimens ( Walk.).. 2.00... .0. cece cece ees June
ME MPMISPOLD, F7UD1.. ce ce eee eee June
MMelaporphyria immortua Grote ....... 20... ee ce ne June
EE June
Erastria nigritula Guen....... Pag ce Ahab yt 7 June 4, June
ere carnoola Guén.*.. 2... 2 ee eee June 4~-Sept.
Erastria muscosula Guen.................. .. dune 24, July
Leptosia concinnimacula Gwen. t............. May 16- May
ME ETOUIS CUE, ee ee eee eee July
Plusia precationis Guen...... June J, July 18, Aug. 8, Sept.
NN EY re June 7, Aug.
mmm fared (Lubn.)........-...206- June 28, Aug. 17, Sept.
Mumermeroides. GT0le. . ee ee ees July 7, July
Plusiodonta compressipalpis Guen.. 11.6.6... eee eee July
SEEEREET IN, WP GL. oe cee as wee ee June
eo coe ag kaso cute men 'oig ap nye mess stess Sept.
Amphipyra tragopogonis (Linn.).......... 2c ce eee eee July
Amphipyra pyramidoides Guen........... 0.20005 iow EDs
EET Aug.
REN oie ne ba halen nec e wasp ence a ee Aug.
Catocala concumbens Doubl................. Sept. 5, Sept.
Mumreramatrix F/Udn. 3... te ees Sept. 5, Sept.
en Sept. 6, Sept.
MIEEIX, 77002, oe te ee eee Sept. 6, Sept.
SEO ae Sept.
Seemann DAVIS Grote... ee eee Sept. 14, Sept.
mymtoemia retecta Grote ...... 1. eee eee wee Sept. 19, Sept.
Me tot ae lg Shoda sees tose teas css July
Oatoeala polygama Guen.... 1.20.2... cee eee July 13, July
INI COI aa scan eae cet July

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 181

* This species appears to have successive broods during the season, as it was

observed on June 4, 24; July 17, 21, 28; August 5, 19 ; September 8, 19, 238.

+ More abundant than previously observed, having been captured May 16, 21, 24,

26 and 29.

182 Twenry-sixta Repor?r on tie Stare Mousevm.
Drasteria ercchtea (Cram.)...... Perea Ne Heh ih Sept. 1, Sept.
Kuclidia cuspidea Hiibn..... 2.03.20. May 21, June 12, Aug.
Poaphila quadrifilaris Hiibn......... May 29, June 4, June
| PHALENIDA, —

Eutrapela transversata (Drury).............. July 24, Aug.
Pileyastrmeataria GUC. Qo. ae hie ose sels ieee ee ene July
mngerona crocataria (HODr) a. occa. <kG's aah ark eee June
Elvperetis alienaria (Zer.-Seh.). . 24s 4 seus ee coo eek 24 ane
Nematocampa tilamentaria Gen... . 2 nami: ae sore ee June
Endropia hypochraria (7er.-Seh.) 0.005% was hie eee June
Mndropia homuraria Grote iia") yeni ee eee ee June
Bindropia sertata, Dry, een eee oe bul ve) ee ee June
Milopia fuscellaria wr Wen. 4% cess soe epee Sept. 18, Oct.
Caberodes phasianaria, (wen... 500. see ses Sete: Uae July
Waberodes majoraria Guen. oo 00d. soo eke s Coen eee July
Bnnomos. magnaria Gwen 4 ws wees a alse ee ee Sept.
Cleora pulchraria Minot..... IP Ler ee cate ane Sept. 6, Sept.
Tephrosia disconventa Walk. |. e acm. ies ees et eee June
‘Acidalia-enucleata Guew. <0. ae 2 aes oyees dune 12, July
Meidalia sintiata POC. iio oes lcs BONY pie eke oe July
Stevania, pustularia, Gwen. 4...) 2 cet = eet ogee eee Aug
Macaria bisionata Wale ej 5 cs lh leah ues tte June
Macaring4 stomata (Wadi cp. a)! ods lenses alee oleh Ue July
Moryciayalbata, Lop o. .e ls wee oes a) oe tot cee ee June
Corycia semiclarata Walk.= Bapta viatica Harvey...... June
Fidontabicoloraria MW imol.) 2 so. sees e nee « May 25- June
icon gh axOmit MMan0b., 65 she om cela e 8 eet May 21—June
aemalopis etatania (M007) ee. anal wean ae June 9-—Sept.
Aspilates coloraria, (2@07r.)... 0.5.2.2 2 ote es ae May 16, June
Phasiane mellistrigata Grote........ aad eee ive May
Lozogramma defluaria Walk...........++.-. May 14-June
Abraxas ribearia Match... oi eso ws ees = hl eS) Oe eg July
Melanthia albiellata Cling ea ee eae May
Moelantina ruticilatacG ven Jerse eee June 24, July
Melanippe gothicata PUN SLITS ECON ei Ore ne naa June
Corentia propucnata Wi Vy he ea May 20, Oct.
Coremia ferrugata Alb........ gia ihe a eB et July 30, Aug.
Cainptogramma fluviata Hiibn t.......-....-. July 28, Aug.

* Observed June 9, 12; July 4, 14; August 19, 25 ; September 1, 8, 24.

ule
a

+ Camptogramma gemmata Hubn., is the ¢ of C. fluviata, as has been recently

ascertained through rearing both forms from a single oviposition.—_SPEYER.

Cidaria diversilineata Hiibn...... 2... cee ee ee eee July
Cidaria gracilineata Guen..............0505. Aug. 1-Sept.
Enpithecia interrupto-fasciata Paek.......... AE bi Heath's Sept.

(COLLECTED PRIOR TO 1872.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 183

Boarmia gnopharia Guen........... Schoharie........ July 30.
Boarmia intraria Gwen............. BOER Hi6) asics 5, May 21.
Boarmia humaria Guen............ Schoharie........ June 15.
Boarmia indicitaria Walk.......... Schoharie. ....... July 1.
Tephrosia disconventa Walk........ EJOMEGE ei Wsiarsahon9'% June 7.
Tephrosia spatiosaria Walk......... Schoharie ....... June 5.
Paraphia subatomaria Wood........ Bethlehem ...... June 17.
Aplodes latiaria Pack.*............ Schoharie ....... June 5.
Aplodes approximaria Pack........ Conteris war June 9.
Cabera intentaria Walk............ Schoharie ....... June 21.
Cabera erythemaria Guen.......... Bethlehem ....... June 25.
Halia subcessaria Walk............. Schoharie ....... July 26.
Corycia semiclarata Walk.......... Cee en ata a's May 21.
* Eumacaria brunneata Pack......... Oe mlety ittielng cen» May 25.
Caripeta divisata Walk............. Schoharie ....... July 26.
Larentia perlineata Pack........... Schoharie ....... May 3.
Enupithecia interrupto-fasciata Pack.. Schoharie........ April 29.
Eupithecia vernata Pack........... ADE a teiionnis biases May 25.
Cidaria rigidata Walk............. Schoharie ....... May 14.
Fidonia truncataria Walk.......... Center 533 8259". May 23.
DELTOID.
Chytolita morbidalis (Guen.) Grote... .... cee eee eee June 12.
Zanclognatha levigata Grote .............45 July 9-July 28.
Sumometra longilabris Grote ..... 2.2.5... cee eee eee Aug. 24.
Phaleenostola larentioides Grote.............0e cece eee Aug. 1.
MONGIUIAIIO C/26010.'. 2. 0). cs oe da eee we acess: June 19.
NT ee Aug. 18.
Epizeuxis lituralis Grote.............. Reseda ae gh July 3.
Seeemeumis etrictilinealis Grofe..... 1.2... c es cc ec cceceee July 25.
memmomxis Amoricalis (Gwen.).......22-c0cesenescccess Sept. 1.

*This species was erroneously determined in the 23d Ann. Rep. St. Cab. N. H.,

p. 196, line 23, as A. mimosaria Guen.

?
ane
a

184 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MvuSEvM.

Pangrapta decoralis Hiihbn.= Hypena elegantalis Fitch ... June

Phalznophana rurigena Grote ...... 0.0400 es ee wea May
Palthie angulalis 77ubm....."..... ir othe ei ee June
Hypena evanidalis fob............. June 28, July 7, Sept.
Bomolocha abalienalia (Walk) 5) ee aa Las June
Plathypena seabra (fabr.) Grote.........-..- Sept. 6—Sept.
Miemhy pena. velifera. GObe ages os cngeon wine the Wah ah ater e July
Macrhypena deceptalis ( Walk.) Grote.......... epee ee July
Lomeanaltes lectulus- Grote. y's. - slo s mie ee May
Tortricodes bifidalis Grote... =. Oe, asain. pile oe ee June
PYRALIDE.
Motte tertealia Fests.’ hy SS eat SO SRE), Mes ae June
Betis plectiienG/7i<oo Tk, oss G'S Pea, Pe ee June
otis’ theséalis Sed oor. OSS 2s July 10, Aug. 1, Sept.
Botistmarculenta Ge Boos. ete. Oy ee July
Huryereonm chortalisG7ote lo oe aoa May 21, June
mcopia olimalie:(G wen)’. ', os ales cio se os 6 see July
JEN NOJOVE WUE REACH UTE E71 OM) Dewi ee TRE AMER BE gia rye 65.8.6. July ‘7, July
Asopia fimbrialis We Vo. on... cee ee ek eee ... duly
Catachysta, opulemtalis\ Zed. 7... laos ss cee t eee ee ete ene June
Momoptila noctwellawinon ... 2.5.2 ese Aug. 24, Sept.
Scoparmacenturiella WV. oa. « oa eee ce, ee eee June
TorTRIciD&. ,
Nolophana malana (£276A) wry). -.-acc.4; coors mcterecls «ae eR June
Nolophana (Asisyra) Zelleri Grote. ........6.-ccecsscce June
TINEID#.
Cryptolechia Schlageeri Zeller *............ as hemiessgttaiae June
Depressaria heracliana De Geer........ Yen eae Aug. 12, Ang.
Crambys chalybirostris Zeller’. . 2. ./. saben eiicsatietauie Aug.
Crampua pirardellus. Clene. oto... s+. see eee eel eer July
Grembuye laqueatellus Clem... 0.4... 5 site seh samen eae June
Pterophorus tenuidactylus 22tch. .. a... siase mary oobere tt June
Pterophorus marginidactylus Hitch... 1... 2 ee eee wees June

* Seven examples of this beautiful moth were collected at this time. As it sits at
rest on the upper surface of a leaf, its peculiar form and singular combination of
colors render it almost undistinguishable from a deposit of bird excrement. A simu-
lation so nearly perfect cannot fail of giving it, while in repose, almost entire

immunity from its enemies.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 185

X. DESCRIPTION OF A CONVENIENT INSECT CASE.

[From the Fifth Annual Report on the Insects of Missouri, 1873.]

For beauty and security, and the perfect display of the larger
Lepidoptera, I have seen nothing superior to a box used by Mr.
Lintner, of Albany, N. Y. It is a frame made in the form of a folio
volume, with glass set in for sides, and bound in an ordinary book
cover. The insects are pinned on pieces of cork, fastened to the
inside of one of the glass plates; and the boxes may be set on end, in
library shape, like ordinary books. For the benefit of those who
wish to make small collections of showy insects, I give Mr. Lintner’s
method, of which he has been kind enough to furnish me the follow-
ing description : *

Figures A, B and C repre-
sent, in section, the frame-work
of the volume ; A showing the
ends, B the front, and C the
back. The material can be
prepared in long strips of some
soft wood, by a cabinet-maker
(if the collector has the neces-
sary skill and leisure for fram-
ing it), at a cost of sixty cents
a frame, if a number sufficient
for a dozen boxes be ordered.
Or, if it be preferred to order
them made, the cost should not
exceed eighty centseach. Be-
fore being placed in the hands
of the binder, the mitering
should be carefully examined,
and any defect in fitting remedied, so that the glass, when placed in
position, may have accurate bearings on all the sides. The interior

* The description was originally intended for one of the State Museum Reports,
but, at the request of Mr. Riley, State Entomologist of Missouri, it was sent to him
for publication in his Fifth Report, and by his permission it is here republished.

186 TWENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE State Museum.

of the frame is covered with tin-foil, made as smooth as possible before ~

application, to be applied with thoroughly-boiled flour paste (in which _
a small proportion of arsenic may be mixed), and rubbed smoothly
down to the removal of the blisters which are apt to appear. The
tin-foil can be purchased, by weight, at druggists, and the sheets
marked off and cut by a rule in strips of proper width, allowing for
a trifle of overlapping on the sides. Its cost per case is merely
nominal.

First quality single-thick glass for sides must be selected, walle
free from rust, air-bubbles, veins or any blemish. Such glass can be
purchased at fifteen cents a pane. The lower glass, after thorough
cleaning, especially of its inner surface, with an alkaline wash, and a
final polishing with slightly wetted, blank printing paper, is to be
firmly secured in its place by a proper number of tin points; the |
upper glass is but temporarily fastened. The binder must be directed
to cover the exposed sides of the frame with ‘combed ” paper, bring-
ing it over the border of the permanent lower glass and: beneath the
_ removable upper glass.

The covers of the volume are of heavy binder’s board (No. 18),
neatly lined within with glazed white paper. On the inside of one
of the lids may be attached, by its corners, a sheet with the numbers
and names of the species contained in the case, or these may be
placed on the pin bearing the insect. If bound in best quality of
imitation morocco, with cloth sides, lettered and gilded on the back,
the cost (for a dozen cases) need not exceed $1 each. If in half Tur-
key-morocco, it will be $1.50.

The lettering and ornamentation of the back will vary with the
taste of the individual. The family designations may be permanently
lettered, or they may be pasted on the back, on a slip of paper or
guim-label, as are the generic names, thus permitting the change of
the contents of a case at any time, if desired. |

The bits of cork to which the insects are to be pinned are cut in
quarter-inch squares from sheet-cork of one-fourth of an inch in thick-
ness. If the trouble be taken to trim off the corners, giving them an
octagonal form, their appearance will be materially improved, and
much less care soni be required in adjusting them symmetrically
on the glass.

The cement usually recommended for attaching the cork for he
glass is composed of equal parts of white wax and resin. My expe-
rience with this has not been favorable, for, after the lapse of a few

ENnToMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 187

years, I have invariably been subjected to the serious annoyance of
_ being compelled to remove the entire contents of the case, clean the
glass and replace the corks with new cement. From some cause,
inexplicable to me, a gradual separation takes place of the cork with
its cement from the glass, first appearing at the angles of the cork,
and its progress indicated by an increasing number of iridescent
rings which form within until the center is reached, when, if not
previously detached, the insect falls with the cork, usually to its
injury and that of others beneath it.

A number of years ago I happened to employ, in attaching a single
_ piece of cork in one of my cases, a cement originally made for other
purposes, consisting of six parts of resin, one of wax and one of vene-
tian red. Several years thereafter, my attention was drawn to this
_ piece, by finding it as firmly united as when at first applied, and at
the present time (after the lapse of twelve years) it is without the
slightest indication of separation. Acting upon this hint, I have of
late used this cement in the restoration of a number of my eases, and
with the most satisfactory results. It is important that the cement,
when used, should be kept heated (by a spirit lamp or gas flame) to
as high a degree as it will bear without burning. An amount
sufficient to cover the bottom of the flat metal vessel containing it
to the depth of an eighth of an inch will suffice, and prevent the cork
from taking up more than its requisite quantity. It should occasion-
ally be stirred to prevent the precipitation of its heavier portions.
The cork may be conveniently dipped by the aid of a needle inserted
in a handle, when, as quickly as possible, it should be transferred to
the glass, for the degree of adhesion seems to depend upon the degree
of fluidity of the cement. From some experiments made by me,
after the corks had been attached as above, in heating the entire
glass to such a degree as thoroughly to melt the cement until it
spreads outward from beneath the weight of the cork, and then per-
mitted to cool—the glass meanwhile held horizontally that the corks
might not be displaced—the results appear to indicate that the above
cement, applied in this manuer on glass properly cleaned, will prove
a permanent one ; it is scarcely necessary to state that this method is
not available where the glass has been bound as above.

Preparatory to corking the glass for the specimens assigned to it,
the spaces required for them are to be ascertained by arranging them
in order on a cork surface or soft-wood board. On a sheet of paper
of the size of the glass, perpendicular lines, of the number of the rows

wii

vir
ey -

188 T'WENTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MuSEvM.

\
and at their proper distances, are to be drawn, and cross lines equal

in number to the insects contained in the rows. The distances of

these lines will be uniform, unless smaller specimens are to occupy
some portion of the case, when they may be graduated to the required
proportion. With the sheet ruled in this manner and placed beneath
the glass, the points where the corks are to be applied are indicated
by the intersection of the lines. The sheet, marked with the family
of the insects for which it was used, and, with the numbers desig-
nating its divisions, may be laid aside for future use in the prepara-
tion of other cases for which it may be suitable. In a series of —
unbound cases in my collection, in which the glasses measure 11 x
144 inches, I have used for my Lepidoptera and laid aside the follow-
ing scales, the citation of which will also serve to show the capacity
of the cases: 3x 8, Catocalas; 2x7 and 3x9, Sphingide; 4x11 to
4x14, Bombycide ; 5x13 to 6x16, Noctuide; 8x16 and 8 x 20,
Lycenide and Tortricide.

The unbound cases above referred to are inexpensive frames, made
by myself, of quarter-inch white wood or pine, the corners mitred,
glued and nailed with three-quarter inch brads, lined within with
white paper (better with tin-foil), and covered without with stout
manilla paper. The glasses are cut of the exact size of the frame,
and, when placed in position thereon, are appressed closely to it by
laying upon them, near each corner, a heavy weight (the weights
used by me are four-inch granite cubes, weighing nearly seven pounds
each, which are sufficient to overcome the curvature of the glass) ; strips
of an enameled green paper cut to the width of one inch, are pasted
over the edges of the glass, extending a little beyond the thickness
of the frame, and brought downward over the sides of the frame.
On its front, two gum-labels, indicating the insects inclosed, are placed
at heights respectively of seven and twelve inches, when, if all has
been neatly done, the cases present a tasteful appearance upon a_
shelf. When there is reason to believe that the case will need to be
opened for the change or addition of specimens, it will be found con-
venient to employ, for the fastening of the upper left-hind side of the
upper glass, paper lined with a thin muslin, to serve as a hinge wie |
the other sides have been cut.

Should it become desirable to bind these cases, outside Rone may
be constructed after the plans above given, aie the omission of the
inside quarter-inch (the equivalent of these frames), in which these
may be placed and held in position by two or three screws inserted
in their sides.

INDEX

ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

PAGE. PAGE.

Abraxas ribearia .............. EGOy ROr OUI MV TEND. os sok t cice'e ve see Beas 181
Acidalia enucleata ................. 363) Apames finitima ss?) Prise. 180

\ CE 182 IACI i MAINS bee tin vie Caen 180
ET 136} Apatela Americana ............ 136, 159
eS 136, 157, 158} Apatelodes Angelica ............... 130
Americana ......... 200, FOr, TOOTADIOCUS DOTINGR 2c soc sds cuwusenes 180
BEND ie Seek nwewcccases 136| Aplodes approximaria.............. 183
EE ee 158 TAG IS ian Have al iw oie dake 183
Se 158 THUNOBMTIA sigs ck a vaks Code 183
BINGE csc coc cccccce 1060, GS DAFCUS AIRE. Foes eee eee 143, 179

, ey Se 136|Argynnis Aphrodite........... 166, 177
SN GG dined edhe vidya is 137 Mellone svg v ayeuis sat paride S508 166

oblinita i 159, 180 Cybele sobchiy chy ea kiced 166, 177
occidentalis ........ 136, 158, 180 Pi gPaG hina saree ee! 166, 177
i ee 158|Asopia farinalis............... 150, 184

SER ou lite odicec au cee 186 HMDTIANG:s 6 sid WERT SIS 184
ES 126, 152, 180 URRGNTNES: jak obit Std ital ods hile 184
A@geria tipuliformis................ TT RD UGIOR COLOTITIG oc ss fac oN as igh os 182
RIED beeccaca rc cccccncncee 168} Atrytone Zabulon.................. 178
Meee PORMILHIS sew. ee ee L710 | Dapew MaDe Es ed kee e's 182
Agrotis herilis............ 159, 161, 180| Boarmia gnopharia ................ 183
EE 159 TGP. i 5 dan edie tgh tages s 183
subgothica ......... 159, 167, 180 INGIGUOTIC,. 5 ct nes civoaws due 183

, Gena ae Rt lal de ae 180 lag or bee ee 183
SEE Sithaled ds cc desks s 159, 161) Bomolocha abalienalis ............. 184
SUED Rs hal d:5 choc’ m 6's 0104 180| Botis marculenta...............-00. 184

‘Alypia octomaculata ...... 119, 121, 122 DBCS 4 tesa caee av ds slakhees 184
MEVOCEEtOS VIAIIS .............00 178 WORPORLIRS 4 GV ERR ah e's it's eh ca 184

_ Amphidasys cognataria ............ 166 POROUS eta s eb reseedueh a 184
_ Amphipyra pyramidoides .......... 181} Cabera erythemaria................ 183
POUIMMIORIG a cles cece cc csicas 181 SISLOTIR Ss Sein gw donde eateW ns 183
Ancyloxypha Numitor ............. 178| Caberodes majoraria ............... 182

_ Angerona crocataria ............... 182 DROADAEA 6 9.00.0 0,04 vida itn doe 182
_ Anisota senatoria.................. 180} Callimorpha Lecontii .............. 142
Pa as gh ade wet be Geese 180 MUtaris: COP 0:6 60 Eee Coes 142

190
PAGE,
Callosamia Promethea irs id se 126
Camptogramma fluviata............ 182
GOUBRE AT: oa ae ahs Weal apate Sd a ened 182
Caripeta,Givisatas cen se Gove 183
Vatachysta: opulemtalisy ..5.03 co eviae' 6 184
Catocala amatrix:,.j. «sass ae 181
CALA Sees ea kia cies a URN SAs 181
CORO CAR So ol sialene slater mes 181
COMCUIMD OIG. oii .).1: tunis aeatenderas 181
MES MEAL w5..! ten eld oneness 181
Habis. ..cs ee hh Doaee ae eee 181
LMA Aes Noe Ren a Maw ee 181
PAA a5 uteieiaaisle pee Ren 164
PUAN sais Soi AS Liloda teeing SAE N 181
POL ye ately)... cat kee meme ieee 181
WeMEtAN Es, WS « «ete niciae earner 181
1ESLh S| CU ARMOR BERR EE NS CM. Vanes, Dun 181
LER OU OS hes ih a 181
Watocala——— Spars ss xincigaiadiinaiscalays 140
Celeena herbimacula.... . 22,52.) «j/..8% 180
Goramies-picta; < Shovcuk. hadendloie: 136
Werura borealis, yikes is hbbeteahntys 151
Chamyris cerintha......... siete wd, hel
Chariclea exprimens .......... 163, 181
Charidryas Nycteis, . 2... ke scene ae 177
Chrysophanus Americana...... 167, 178
Chytolitamorbidalisu, (ies saeebicens 188
@idarias diversilineata . 2. dames sels 183
PLACING AUS, ) hice sicip-nol sera we 183
TISTOATAME SL 5 vices sale Rule bas 183
Cleora: pulchraria sc. 54ncialeeet eo. 182
Clisiocampa Americana........ 147, 155
SV LVALICA AS. i,» nuctstee nutes iets 147
Celodasys unicornis ..............-. 131
@oltas ‘Pwolodiee: is 4. he ke Seas 166, 177
Goremia ferrucata,..\. piers nysmannee 182
PYOPUSMAtA, © .\..\0sstlertale es 182
Waerycla albata. . v.22). saretoelaa tier" 182
semiclarata, 5 cc hls st wi 182, 183
Crambus chalybirostris............. 184
PINAL CSMUS : ssiepc epeheh liens caiman ie 184
lagueatellig, .\,,. it seals toss en 184
Cryptolechia Schlager, sacle ae. 184
Crenucha *VITOMiCa... . 5. eye sisi 155, 179
Cucullia absynthiy. . wii weeks 169, 174
Bo) UB HOMIGY .L Wercccie: crete wichie emia 169, 173
asteroides.. 189, 168, 169, 173, 181
LO}PR A Ich a: Monee CRAPPER ST 50s nao 172
CONTE a's sled alas Wine Spepotapetteth e 172
chamomile... 170, 178, 174

InpDEX TO ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

PAGE.

Cucullia convexipennis, 188, 170, 178, 181.
HOPES (350s dee 161, 173, 176
intermedia, 168, 170, 173, 176, 181
lactucs ., 2. «cucu ss eee 173
lichnitidess:: weveaeee 170, 174
LCMIUULES scot a, ac 170, 172
lucifuga.... 168, 170, 172, 174, 176
postera .... 163, 169, 178, 174, 181
prenanthis .......:s...4) eae
PUNCHIGCrA ..'. ss s=-tmen eee 169
scrophularie ....... 170, 172, 174
scrophularivora, ..j.).. oneal 172.
serraticormis . . ui... cena 174
Speyerl .. 22: iis pee a eee 168
tanecetl ..8. 34.50 cee 172
thapsiphaga .: <<.) ane ape 172
umbratica...... 170, 171, Lae
Yosemite... 00 =5)..5 ee 173
Danais Plexippus...2 ao see 166, 177
Darapsa Choerilus. ... 2. ck eee 179
Daremma undulosa ..........-s.0s- 179
Deilephila chameenerii ............. 179
LIMeata: << {c's is. 4: oe 179
Depressaria heracleana ........ 145, 184
Ontartea so. .\< 2s. eee 145

Deva- purpurigera:...:.\...jsiiae alam . 181
Diphtera deridens ....°. ...ce seen 157
Drasteria erechtea —: . o/c eee 182
Dryocampa rubicunda ............. 133
Eacles imperialis....... + 6 eet 180
Edema: albifrons... 2 cs see fe sh
Eilema, Harrisil ..<). 2% 006s see 182, 179
Elicpia fiscelleria.. -.. co. a a.0 ase 182
Empretia stimulea............... +. 149
Endropia homurarian...'.. . ajo e eee 182
hypochraria.. «0% . ete 182
SCTLAta,. .. ..:0s's/« 40.9 ere 182
Ennomos magnaria. .....-....). 165, 182
Bparsyreus: Dityrus, . 202 <a te le ae
Epizeuxis Americalis .............. 183
literalis 5. 52 1. cae 188
StLICtH INE AIS «sarc. ce eyais oneenele 183
Erastria carneola ‘si: '... 23.2 604 eee 181
TOTISGOSUIA « .«:2¢secabi ae eee 181

Mi grit Ula isis ele lela ates aleve 181
Eucheetes collaris............-- 146, 147
OOO oy wie aise eis eigenen 145, 146
OTFegGONENSIS . ... as sene norms 144
Buclidia cuspidea:.. ...¢bis abn iss amen 182
Hudoinus TUYTUS \ oo 0s 00's wee emis 167

InDEX TO ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 191
PAGE. PAGE.
Eudryas grata........ 117, 120, 122, 123| Limochores Mystic ................ 178
ee 117, 119, 123 ROMIMORE, db LIG CA ain HEN EES 178
Eumacaria brunneata .............. 183 | Lithacodes fasciola................. 149
Buphanessa mendica .............. 179 | Lomanaltes letulus .......... eee eee 184
Eupithecia interrupto-fasciata...... 183 | Lozogramma defluaria ............. 182
EN owas wovee Os OOS os 183 | Lyceena comyntas........ Pm éts 167, 178
@urycreon chortalis................ 184 OIG, cc Sc0 SU TAA Ce 177
Eutrapela transversata.............. 182 BORAGE opin PORES BOP Se 178
FPidonia bicoloraria................. 182 WIRE since wae er OUR 177
Ca clwt/as'vic Ui dhe ee 182| Lycomorpha pholus............ iv. 156
ee 183 | Macaria bisignata.................. 182
Gastropacha Americana ........... 154 AIRE a shcidoasetsice AME s 182
BECOMING, 0.0... ee eee ee e 166, 167|Macrhypena deceptalis............. 184
Seeerropationis .............. 166| Mamestra chenopodii .............. 180
EET Se Sean ere 177! Meghypena velifera................ 184
Sea 166, 167|Melanippe gothicata................ 182
MGI GOUINCIA 262... 5.2 eee 161| Melanthia albicillata ............... 182
ES eee 180 Puhcilata, oi «THU CC RR 182
ea hts wad uae 180} Melaporphyria immortua......... 18
EEA Gina f-cin's So Satay o's 180 | Melitess Phacton....2.....0)00e.0, 177
SS rere 161, 180 CHRIS yee ees sewer PSs 167
Hematopis grataria................ 182] Mesographe stramentalis............ 164
Halia subcessaria .................. 188| Microceelia diphteroides............ 180
RE CATV... 2... ee ee ees 148 MATURES FTO ALY 136
ee ne 183] Nadata gibbosa..................... 150
MOGMOLNIS GrMigera...........0.0.2- 181} Nematocampa filamentaria..... 165, 182
Beemmeuca Maia ..............0.00- 154] Neonympha Eurytus............... 177
Hydreecia immanis ................ 180| Nephelodes violans ....... ... yet THAT
a Sans Se a 180| Nisoniades Ausonius............... 178.
i fess (aroicns Govee settle 180 Bri ok cian AVL ASI 178
EE Sina wae 6d'ae ds ce ua'b e' 180 POON es iiss ea ee dese THE 178
HHypena elegantalis..... 0... cece cece. 184 SUVETALIO. fi EE, 178
Hypena evanidalis................. 184 Teenage. 6. ccf AREA AY 178
SC 180 Mariela ses. 70 ee 178
Hyperetis alienaria................. 182 CNS 2. NA Sate ote RO ES 178
Hypoprepia miniata................ Pro | troctWa augur: 8205406 6 SOE
Rei RVUMOIGES. .. 0.2.2.0. ccccees 180 PORNAIOR: i 4 Vue 24 Sek es den 180
Ichthyura albosigma........... 147, 180 CISMOCULINE 0 hk ee eee 180
Ss ER 147| Nolophana (Asisyra) Zelleri......... 184
er 147 WO See ca wu Sekt xo ne t's 184
Larentia perlineata ................ 183} Nomophila noctuella............... 184.
Leptosia concinnimacula........... 181 | Notodonta ee eet age Gare way as 151
SPIRITS... se eee BP RIO G EG MMM iy bioca, s "base's 20s wa are 8 178°
Beeecmmia PANICNS................06. 180} Orgyia leucostigma............ 148, 179
Ms ea diegrecse sac ROUTE EIS QUIUNOEIE, 55. So ae tcc ee ke es 184
Limenitis Arthemis................ 167| Pangrapta decoralis................ 184
cia das oa > x'o.0 107, 177 Fapino Asteriag: 2. ve. sees: 166, 177
umerees fs Att 167 WPeeklaw i tictees wo. 6% 166, 177
Limochores bimacula .............. 178 ge ers Ce aes 166, 177
MUMMGRMOOUA 0.0 ccccccccceace 178! Paraphia subatomaria.............. 183

192 InDEX TO ENTOMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.
PAGE, PAGE.
Parorgyia parallela............ 129, 179|Scoliopteryx libatrix............... 164 |
Phalenophana rurigena............ 184| Scoparia centuriella................ 184
Phalenostola larentioides........... 183) Sesia pracilis,......<.:.1ccian cee eee eee 179
Phasiane mellistrigata............0. 182) Sicya truncataria . 1.60: ee pele 182
Philampelus Pandorias.s (il). Gaekias 179| Smerinthus excecatus.............. 179
Philometra longilabris ..........06% 183 gemiInatus. |.’ ..:c00. eae 179
Phobetron pithecium .............. 149| Sphinx chersis ......... )/.0 90. 2k ee 179
Phyciatles Batesil......s.4 BiWeeeees aire drupiferarum,'.\:.e220 sees 179
CBP OS Fe eaA ace so lersis nse Re: « 177 Gordius:; > ..:.. ja\4. soe eee 179.
Pieris Oleraceacs .....0.0e cals aee rene 166 aT ee 52 ess so (oe nie) 179
PLOLONICE hve eu x achoraniente apne 166| Spilosoma acrea ..........-.-....4. 143
TAUVEE) a ajverdsesdcale wedseierateeue ements nc 177 fulvicosta’ 4.) hee eee aaa
Pionean eunusalts . i vvccucdecceee dus 165 Matipennis. 5 52285 eee 143, 144
SITAMENLAIS x. <risios adie wae 165 Virginia: .:..... gases eee 148, 179
Placodes cinereola. ..........cec0e% 181| Stegania pustularia ................ 162 oe
Plathypena Scabra.... i sdiden'e desidias 184} Teeniocampa instabilis.............. 180
Matycerura durcilla, cisiiaiiticpine 131 | Telea, Polyphemus..«.,.. 4-93) e03neee 152
Platysamia Cecropia........... 125, 180| Tephrosia disconventa......... 182, 188
Plusia crea... ¢custisncuddk san tee 181 spatiosaria:......<.csgihea eee 183
PYIOIVES . cee ss ewes 164; 181) Thecla Augustus. ............ sees APE re
L2H Gr ae Pa ge USIP") 163 Hidwardsil (cc... oka Vet
PTECACIONIS) shi ise! cites dellateelens 181 Tus. oe. bet. he ee 177
Simplex) ims eatl ddr 181 Melinus «js... 4:5 04.2 eee ee 177
Plusiodonta compressipalpis...... Neus, SOL Niphon.... : 2... ::wk See ene 177
Poaphila quadrifilaris.............. 182|'Thorybes Pylades.........:.,..eeenee 178
Polites Peckius swsteen/eaed. xaatee eee 178} Thyreus Abbott... oni ee ee 179
Psychomorpha epimenis....... 119; 121 | Bolype laricis.... 0... ..2.). 0: ee oe 180
Pterophorus marginidactylus ....... 184 velleda....\s..\. kaon eee 134
Tenurdacty lus cosiiic mciele,<eemietens 184} Tortricodes bifidalis...........s.s0- 184
Pyrameis Atalanta ............ 166, 167) Utetheisa bella ....\....... cavieremenn 179
COPOUMTO Gane iain ca tmiecleht 166, 167| Vanessa Antiopa.............. 167, 177
HuNGeLa soi wae ss eee « 167 Milbertil ...;,..:... 40a eee eee 167
Rivula propinqualis.......... Felis» 183) Xanthia cireillaris .. 2 3782 22en eee 180
Satyrus AlOpes. 2% «<sjcleehea tee he 167) Xylina cinerea’... ... 02... cee 180
INepleles),t:<4. oss. auntie 167 Bethune’. ....: :4e seg 181
Scepsis fulvicollis:. .... 2: \.. seis 156, 179 | Zanclognatha levigata............. 183

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