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University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
woo NNUAL, REPRO |
1903
VORF 2
APPENDIX 8
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JAN. 6, 1904, BY THE REGENTS
OF THE UNIVERSITY
ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
1905
University of the State of New York
REGENTS 1903
With years of election
1892 Witt1am Croswett Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor - - Albany
1878 Wutretaw Rew M.A. LL.D. Vice Be Ca : : New York
1877 Cuauncry M. Depew LL.D. - : ; - - New York
1877 Cuartes E. Firop LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. : : : Rochester
1881 Witiram H. Watson M.A. M.D. LL.D. - - : - Utica
1881 Henry E. Turner LL.D. : . Lowville
1883 Sr Crarr McKetway M.A. ERD: ELD: DOL, - - Brooklyn
1885 Daniet Bracu Ph.D. LL.D. : : Watkins
1890 Pury T. Sexron LL.D. - - - = 2 - Palmyra
1890 T. Guitrorp Smiru M.A. C.E. Li. - : : : Buffalo
1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. : . : - New York
1895 Apert VanpER VereR M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - - : Albany
1895 Cuarues R. Skinner M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
1897 Cuester S. Lorpy M.A. LL.D. - - - - Brooklyn
1900 Tuomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. : : Rochester
1901 BuysaMin B. Oprtt sr LL.D. Governor, ex ete
1901 Roxsert C. Pruyn M.A. - : - Albany
1902 Witu1am Norrincuam M.A. Ph.D. LAD. : : : Syracuse
1903 Frank W. Hiaerns Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
1903 Joun F. O’Brien Secretary of State, ex officio
1903 CHartes A. Garpiner LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - New York
1908 CuHaries S. Francis B.S. : : . - Troy
One vacancy
ea we SECRETARY
/ \\ Elected by Regents
ff c 1 } 1900 James Russert Parsons gr M.A. LL.D.
4 /
& 1q119) aa STATE MUSEUM COMMITTEE 1903
tgs Regent T. Guitrorp Smita Chairman
Regent C. S. Francis, SuPERINTENDENT or Pusiio InsrRucTIoN
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
1888 Mervin Dewry M.A. LL.D. State Inbrary and Home Education
1890 J atHs RussELL Parsons sr M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep’ts
1890 Frepericx J. H. Murrm Ph.D. State Museum
Appendix 8
Museum memoirs 5-6
5 Guelph Formation and Fauna of New York State
6 Naples Fauna of Western New York
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. MerRiLL Director
Joun M. CLarKE State Paleontologist
Memoir 5
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK
BY
JOHN M. CLARKE AnD RUDOLF RUEDEMANN
Preface - - - - - - 3 | Fauna of the Guelph dolomite in west-
Introduction - - - - 4 ern New York c = =
Typical Guelph dolomites of Anthozoa - - - - 23
Ontario and their fauna - - 4 Hydrozoa - - - - - 36
Guelph fauna of New York and its Brachiopoda_ - - - - 38
stratigraphic relations - - 5 Lamellibranchiata © == - - 47
Historical - - - - 5 Gastropoda - - - - 51
Section of the dolomites at Shelby, Cephalopoda - - - - 77
Orleans co. - - - - 9 Annelida - - - - 105
Niagara county - - - 13 Ostracoda - - - - - 106
Other manifestations in Orleans Trilobita - - - - 107
county - - - : - 17 | Synoptic list of Guelph fossils of New
Monroe county - - - 17 York - - - - - 109
Wayne county” - - - - 20 | Conditions of life and sedimentation 114
Southern Ontario — the section at Distribution of the Guelph - =eel2y2
Hamilton - - - - zo | Explanation of plates’ - - - 139
Summary - - - - - - 22 | Index - - - - - - 187
ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
1903
1892
1373
1877
1877
1878
1831
1881
1883
1885
1888
1890
1890
1893
1895
1895
1897
1897
1899
1900
19OI
I1QOI
1902
1888
1890
1890
University of the State of New York
REGENTS
With years of election
WixiiaM Croswett Doane DD. LL.D. Vece Chancellor, Albany
Martin I. Townsenp M.A. LL.D. - - - - - Troy
Cuauncey M. Depew LL.D. = - - - - New York
Cuarres E. Frres ULBo WeAw I EL Dee - - - Rochester
WuitEeLtaw Rerp M.A. LL.D. - - - - - New York
Wititiam H. Watson M.A. LL.D. M.D. - : : - Utica
Menry E. Turner LED Y= - = - - - Lowville
Sr Cram McKetway MOA, LAD. EE Dec. - - Brooklyn
Danier Beacn Ph.D. EE). - - - - - Watkins
CarroLt E. Suiza LED: - - . : - - Syracuse
Pin Tt Sexton EL. D) - - - - - - Palmyra
T. Guitrorp SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. 2 - <= - Buffalo
Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. - - - - New York
ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - = :
CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
Albany
Cuester S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - - - - - Brooklyn
Timotuy L. Wooprurr M.A. Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
Joun T. McDonoucu LL.B. LL.D. Secretary of State, ex officio
Tuomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. - - - - - Rochester
BENJAMIN B. OpELL jr LL.D. Governor, ex officio
Rosert C. Pruyn M.A. - - - - : : - Albany
Witiiam NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. ~ - . : - Syracuse
One vacancy
SECRETARY
Elected by Regents
1900 JAMES RussELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
Metvi, Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
James RusseLtt Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep'ts
Freperick J. H. Merrityt Ph.D. State Museum
PREBPACE
During the prosecution of the study herewith given of a fauna
essentially new to the New York series of geologic formations, I have
been under special obligation to Professor Albert L. Arey, of Brooklyn,
the first to discover and record the presence of a Guelph fauna at
Rochester, for the use of his collections, of which many specimens are
here figured. In this place, also, I desire to make acknowledgment for
courtesies received from Colonel C. C. Grant of Hamilton Ont. This
work has, further, been essentially aided by the fine collections from the
tough dolomites at Shelby, made by D. D. Luther, who has also contributed
important stratigraphic details.
Joun M. Criarke
State Paleontologist
GUELPH ‘FAUNA IN "THE STATE OF “NEW YORK
INTRODUCTION
TYPICAL GUELPH DOLOMITES OF ONTARIO AND THEIR FAUNA
The Guelph formation of Canada has been regarded by geologists as
a local stratigraphic development succeeding the Niagara or Lockport
limestone and antedating the desiccation of the sea which precipitated the
deposits of the Salina stage. The formation in central Ontario, the region
of its typical and highest development, has the aspect of a great lentil
thinning to the southeast toward the Niagara river and to the northwest
at Manitoulin island in Lake Huron, in the interval attaining a thickness
of not less than 200 to 300 feet. Whether it is interrupted at this northern
point is not determined, but it has recently been shown that certain
characteristic fossils of the fauna occur in the territory of Keewatin about
James’s bay (Equan river); Dr Whiteaves has described two species of
Trimerella from this region and these seem to indicate the presence of the
formation." The actual amount of deposit has however not been accurately
measured, and the exposed sections have for the most part proved to be
along the quite uniformly northwest strike of the strata.) The entire
formation is quite completely dolomitized, and this pervading alteration,
together with the distinctly fragmental and sandy character of much of
the deposit, indicates substantial deviation from the static conditions under
which the normal Niagaran fauna was laid down. To the probable origin
of these dolomites attention will be directed in a later paragraph. The
fauna accompanying this formation has peculiarities of composition which
separate it from any earlier manifestation of the Upper Siluric or at least
from the Wenlockian fauna of the Niagaran (Rochester) shales and the
modified continuation of that fauna into the Lockport limestones of New
York.
It is striking for several of its peculiarities both positive and negative.
These may be itemized briefly: (1) The prevalence of holostomatous,
probably opercle-bearing gastropods of the genera Coelocaulis, Pycnom-
* Ottawa Naturalist [Oct. 1902], p. 139.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 5
phalus, Euomphalus and Polytropis (awzc¢.) and of schizostomatous genera of
the style of Murchisonia, Pleurotomaria, Loxoplocus, etc. These are all
often of notable size and are more abundant individually and in species than
at any other Siluric date in American sections. (2) Abundance of cephalo-
pods of cyrtoceran genera, of Phragmoceras, Trochoceras, etc. (3) Pres-
ence and special life period of the heavy-shelled, edentulate brachiopods,
Monomerella, Trimerella and Rhinobolus. (4) Immense abundance at
certain localities of the ponderous shelled clam Megalomus. (5) Paucity
of other lamellibranchs and of brachiopods, bryozoans and trilobites.
(6) Existence of corals and coral-making stromatoporoids, for the most
part in an incomplete and semimacerated condition. Their abundance in
the fauna is unquestionable, but their present condition is no true indica-
tion of their original state.
A fauna of such composition is distinctly late Siluric, at the same time
quite as distinctly unlike any other element of the Appalachian Siluric
sections.
The term Guelph, then, indicates both a faunistic and, in its typical
province, a lithologic element of distinctive significance in the Siluric suc-
cession. In no sense is it a late presentment of the Niagaran fauna as
expressed in the shale beds beneath the Lockport limestone. It is true
and natural that species of the preceding fauna should present themselves
in the Guelph congeries, and though this is not carried to great extent, yet
we may always expect to find therein some well known and widespread sur-
vivors of the lower fauna.
CUE EE iy NO NAY TORN E Wei VORKG SVAN DiS) SPRATT IK
GRAPHIC RELATIONS
Historical
During the construction of the Erie canal, 1817-25, the rock cut-
tings near Newark in Wayne county brought to light an impure light
colored dolomite. Some fossils were obtained from this rock by Dr G.
W. Boyd, assistant to Professor James Hall, geologist in charge of the
6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
fourth district of the State, and this occurrence was first noted with wood-
cuts and names of the fossils in the final report on the geology of that
district [1843, p. 137]. As it was evident that the horizon of these few and
inconspicuous though significant species (Loxonema boydi, Avicula
triquetra, Euomphalus sulcatus, Orthoceras laeve, Atrypa,
Delthyris, Cornulites) was above that of the Niagaran fauna, known best
then, as now, from its development in the lower beds or Rochester shales,
though recognized as continuing into the overlying Lockport limestone,
Professor Hall regarded them as appertaining to the life of the Onondaga
Salt group—the Salina formation of present usage. <A few years later
Professor Hall’s attention was directed by Sir William Logan to the
profuse occurrence of similar fossils in dolomites at Guelph and Galt Ont.,
and in 1848 he visited these localities, collected freely, and, in 1852, he
described and illustrated a considerable number of species obtained by him
at that time. In regard to the stratigraphic position of the beds bearing
this fauna, he states his view as follows [p. 340]:
A simple inspection of the plates . . . will show that these fossils
are typical of a distinct period from that of the Niagara group, and, though
the few species yet known from the base of the Onondaga salt group in
New York seem scarcely sufficient to indicate a well marked period or to
claim positive identity in age with those of the Galt limestone, yet we are
compelled to regard them thus or to rank the latter as a group entirely
distinct from any yet recognized. . . Whether we regard them (the Galt
and New York fossils) as of the age of the Onondaga Salt group or not, we
know that they lie above the strata typified by the numerous fossils already
described as belonging to the Niagara group and strictly should form no
part of that group.
This opinion was expressed long before Robert Bell, now acting director
of the Canadian Geological Survey, proposed to distinguish the formation
in Ontario by the term Guelph, Hall’s term “Galt limestone” being a
dangerous approach to the better known and older stratigraphic name,
«Professor Hall, in a subsequent reference to this discovery [N. Y. State Cab. Nat.
Hist. 2oth an. Rep’t. 1868. p. 305 (rev. ed. p. 347)] mentions the origin of the rock
exposure, though nothing is said of it in the fourth district report.
2 PaleiNe er2s34h ch se.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 7
“Gault.” It is clear from the expressions above quoted that Hall was
the first to recognize the faunistic distinction of this association from the
Niagaran ;* but the discriminating observations of the Canadian geologists,
Logan, Bell and Murray, aided notably in elevating Guelph sedimentation
to the dignity of an event separable from the Niagaran. Professor Hall,
after extending his studies of the Upper Siluric dolomites over the area of
their distribution in Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa, was inclined, in subse-
quent expressions, to caution in respect to the separation of Niagaran and
Guelph faunas ;? and to these we shall have occasion to refer in bringing
the data here presented into harmony with facts previously known.
The Wayne county, N. Y., locality for “Onondaga Salt group” fossils
was long ago lost. Nothing more is known of it than was given by Hall
in 1843; and no examination of the region in later years has given any
clue to exposures of this horizon, but some remarks on the horizon there
presented are given in a subsequent paragraph.
The Lockport or Niagaran dolomite in western New York makes a
very clearly defined topographic feature, specially where transected by
drainage ways. As is well known it is the rock which is the cap and occa-
sion of the falls at Niagara and of the upper falls of the Genesee river at
Rochester, and, though modifying the contour between these points, only
its lower parts project freely as exposure or lie under slight drift cover.
This mass of dolomites, which is not less than 100 feet in thickness
between Niagara Falls and Rochester, is at bottom at first comparatively
pure and hard, but becomes more and more dolomitic and less resistant
toward the top. The overlying soft shales, gypsum beds and “platten”
limestones of the true Salina have been so worn down by obsequent
drainage that south of the Niagara escarpment, which is largely con-
stituted of only the lower layers of the Lockport dolomite series, the
See alls Izy IN, W. TERE | 2) EO.
2N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. zoth Rep’t. 1868. p. 306 (rev. ed. p. 348).
3That is, more yielding to meteoric agency, because the purer the dolomite, in this
section, the more completely is it of fragmental origin.
8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ground is continuously low, much filled with detritus and specially swampy.
The northern reaches of the Oak Orchard swamp, extending from near
Churchville, Monroe co. on the east, across Orleans county, are excavated
in the Salina shales and have the dolomite series (Guelph and upper
Lockport) for a floor. Hence it is not altogether strange that, during the
years of geologic study which have elapsed since 1843, extremely little has
been seen of the strata buried in this almost undissected region.
In 1892 Albert L. Arey brought to the attention of the geologic
section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in
session in the city of Rochester, his discovery of a fine series of fossils
from this horizon at the top of the Lockport dolomites in and about that
city. Some of these were obtained from the uppermost layers in a quarry
then being worked in the southwest part of the city and known as the
Nellis quarry; at present writing these workings are abandoned. More
were derived from occasional excavations for municipal improvements made
in the southern part of the city, affording an opportunity for collecting
which may sometime recur but which is beyond the control of the geologist.
This fauna was subsequently the subject of study by its discoverer, who
published a brief account of it in the Proceedings of the Rochester
Academy of Science [1892. 2:104-7].
These organisms proved to be for the most part preserved in nodules
of white chert, of which they have frequently formed the nuclei, but in
which more often they had become irregularly involved in the process of
segregation. The shells themselves are largely replacements in chalcedonic
silica and preserve with fine accuracy and in a manner altogether unusual
for paleozoic fossils the important exterior surface ornament. This mode
of preservation makes them extraordinarily interesting subjects. In the
brief paper cited Mr Arey has brought the fauna as then known to him
into comparison with the species of the Canadian Guelph and the published
lists of fossils from the Chicago and Racine limestones, and elicits there-
from the very close similarity in general composition of the Rochester and
Guelph faunas and the striking contrast between the former and the faunas
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 9
of the Rochester shale and Lockport limestone. The paper concluded with
a list of 15 species identified by the author as common to the Canadian
and Rochester Guelph.
It would be impracticable for any investigator to obtain access to these
species except by such personal consideration as that shown us by Mr Arey
who has availed himself of transitory opportunities not likely to return. As
the Nellis quarry is no longer productive, and the student can hardly wait
for possible further city excavations into this interesting horizon, we have
endeavored, with the important Arey collection as a nucleus, to further
exploit this interesting fauna throughout western New York.
The natural sections of the dolomite series in Monroe county are very
few, incomplete and unsatisfying. To the series of sections made as a
result of searching all the water courses and trenchings, we shall presently
refer; as none of them expose the strata with which we are now con-
cerned, we can correlate them most satisfactorily after consideration of
the developments given in the following.
Section of the dolomites at Shelby, Orleans county
While zigzagging across the Niagara cuesta in 1901 in the search for
this Guelph horizon, the writers discovered a finely extended outcrop of the
dolomite series along Oak Orchard creek, from 1 to 134 miles south of
Shelby village, in Shelby, the southwestern township of Orleans county.
Oak Orchard creek, a few miles to the south of this place, receives the Erie
canal feeder or drainage channel from Oak Orchard swamp, and from that
point the artificial and natural water courses are combined. To effect
this function, the bed of the creek has been depressed by excavation of the
natural rock section to a depth of 8 to 10 feet, and an immense amount of
material thrown on the banks in most favorable situation for examination.
The stratigraphic section here stretches along the creek for about 2
miles, and has been briefly sketched in a previous publication.
At the base of the falls at Shelby are
*N. Y. State Paleontol. Rep’t rgot, p. 521.
Io NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
1 An exposure of normal Rochester shales, above which lie
2 Sixty feet of hard, dark gray dolomites, full of small cavities bearing
druses of dolomite and calcite, but with few or no fossils; only parts of this
series are exposed (Lockport limestone) ;
3 Two feet of porous dolomite, the cavities being vermicular or having
the aspect of small tubes (Lockport limestone) ;
4 Three feet of dark gray dolomite. This is the ower Guelph bed. It
contains a fairly profuse fauna, of which Trematonotus alpheus is
the leading element, but Monomorella noveboracum the more
exclusive species (Monomorella bed). Both are highly abundant and
occur in extraordinarily fine specimens. Of other species the stratum
contains: Poleumita ‘crenulata, Coelidium /macrospinma
Lophospita. bispiralis, > Cyrtoceras) \loredes | Poteai-
Oceras sauridens,.Protophragmoceras (patron ws, ' deo
ehoceras desplainense, 1. costatum) etc -
5 Eight feet of gray dolomite with few fossils, and these characterizing
the Lockport fauna: Zaphrentis bilateralis, Enterolasma cali-
culus, Stropheodonta profunda, Orthothetes subplanus
and a few others. This mass is capped by a thin bed of shaly limestone
containing a profusion of small fossils, among which are: Cladopora
multiporay Halysites catenularius, Lichenalia connec.
trica,) Dalmaniella elegantula) Orthothetes isa bipVangia,
Leptaena rhomboidalis, Camarotoechia neglecta, Rhyn-
chotreta cuneata americana, Whitfreldella\ mrtida
oblata, Spirifer crispus (typical Rochester shale form), Cor-
nulites: arcuatus, Dalmanites.sp, "Calymmene cli miamar
rensis, Proetus sp. This association is characteristic of the Rochester
shale and lower Lockport limestone. Over this bed lies a thin layer of
chert nodules without fossils.
6 Twenty-four feet of similar dark gray dolomite with fossils extremely
rare and of the same character as those below (Lockport limestone).
7 Eight to 10 feet of gray dolomite, bearing white chert nodules most
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK If
abundant in the lower part and containing zwter alza, Trochoceras
desplainense, Orthoceras trusitum, Coelidium macro-
Spica wl ochomenmian ch ta tuum yee temiatonetws a lipiyeu's,
Cornwmiinvecwame mausoleum ttanysteammagsay ales). Ssiuilica bas
Eotomania galtensis, Spiriter erispus, Weptaena! rhom)-
poldalicmentertimea subip lanan Fy unidaGaye Strom ato poma
galtensis, Diaphorostoma niagarense, Calymmene niaga-
rensis, Proetus sp. This we shall term the upper Guelph bed, and
shall have occasion to observe that its fauna is more nearly parallel to that
at Rochester than the lower or earlier appearance of the Guelph in this
section.
This is the southernmost exposure on Oak Orchard creek; and it
appears that in the general planing of the country by ice and water any
harder beds above would have in some degree at least, resisted erosion and
left some trace of themselves in the well channeled way of this stream to
the south.
It seems fair to conclude, therefore, from this section supplemented by
similar evidence in Monroe county, that overlying beds, with the possible
(73
exception of a few feet of dolomite, were the soft shales and thin “ platten”
limestones of the Salina, and hence that the upper Guelph horizon, litho-
logically, topographically and faunistically here terminates the dolomite
period.
This section is represented in the following diagram.
"7 if ama
12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Top of section
8-10’ 7 2d Guelph fauna; upper Shelby dolomite
24' 6
Lockport dolomites
8’ 5
3 4 rst Guelph fauna ; lower Shelby dolomite
OM :
2 Lockport dolomites, largely covered
60’
2
I Rochester shale
A significant feature of this occurrence is the double appearance of the
Guelph fauna. Its earlier manifestation is after the lapse of 63 feet of
Lockport dolomite ; it retreated and reappeared after 32 feet more of these
Lockport dolomites with their characteristic species, had been deposited.
Here it closes the dolomite episode, and the Lockport species have finally
withdrawn. We designate these appearances of the fauna as the lower and
upper Guelph faunas or, as the local development of the fauna is predi-
cable and carries an impress of distinctive nature, as the Jower and upper
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 13
Shelby faunas, contained in the Jower and upper Shelby dolomites. It is
furthermore specially noteworthy that of these two manifestations of the
fauna, the lower is the purer Guelph, that is, is freer from complications
with species occurring in the Lockport dolomites. In the upper bed, how-
ever, the presence of such Lockport species is much more pronounced. On
the other hand, the intervening Lockport dolomites are wholly free from
any evidences of the Guelph species; though decidedly meager in fossils,
yet these are all proper to the horizon in which they occur. Thus the over-
lapping faunas are relatively free of complication and intermixture. We
note again, as just stated above, that it is not the lower and purer Guelph
congeries that appears in the Rochester section; on the other hand, it is
the later association, containing a number of Lockport limestone species,
that agrees better in composition with this more eastern development.
We are thus presented with conclusive evidence of an invasion of the
Guelph fauna from the west into western New York, while the Lockport
dolomites were being deposited and at about the middle of the period of
their formation; this immigration was of brief duration, failed to acquire a
lasting foothold, withdrew without reaching far if at all east of Orleans
county ; it thereafter returned with some unimportant modification in com-
position, penetrated as far east as Monroe and Wayne counties, while the
previous occupant of the field withdrew, not to return.
At the close of the descriptions of the New York Guelph species we
have given tables showing the distribution of the fossils and bringing out
the difference in the composition of the early and late appearance of the
fauna in the Oak Orchard creek section and the relation of these manifesta-
tions to the fauna in Monroe county. For that place we reserve all further
discussion of the affinities of the congeries to extralimital expressions of the
Guelph fauna.
Niagara county
The rock exposures at Niagara Falls show 120 feet of limestone and
dolomite currently referred to the Niagaran formation. We have been
unable to determine the existence of the Guelph fauna in the vertical sec-
14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
tion here afforded, though the unfavorable exposure may still veil its
presence, but we are satisfied that the careful analysis of this section
recently made by Mr Luther locates with precision the horizon which at
Shelby so much more favorably expresses its contents. To elucidate these
stratigraphic relations we here give the detailed section of the dolomites
presented in the cut of the Gorge Railway, % mile north of the east end of
the bridge, supplemented at the top by a temporary exposure made by the
Ontario Power Co. on the Canada side.
Brown dolomites exposed at Goat island and Three Sisters islands
with summit near head of rapids. Full of cavities and with
25 7 Stromatopora, Halysites. Weathers very scraggy. Uppermost
bed (4’) sandy
10’ 6 Car barn of Gorge Railway ; not exposed
8’ 5 Brown, thin bedded dolomites with rough surface and black partings
S57 3 A Thin bedded dolomite, fine grained and very hard. Continuous bed
of chert nodules near top; probable horizon of upper Shelby fauna
19! 3 Compact drab dolomite; few cavities. Horzzon of lower Shelby
dolomite near top
17! 6" ‘ Smooth, thin bedded dolomites with Stromatopora; at top, Enter-
olasma, Favosites
28' I Compact light brown dolomite
Rochester shale
The basal layer of the series (1) is quite homogeneous, though the
lower part is schistose. The same stratum is seen at Lockport along the
banks of the canal beginning a little west of the locks in the city and
extending continuously toward the southwest for a mile. Farther west
near Gasport it is quarried at the top of the banks of the ravine south of
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 5
the village and in a ravine south of Middleport. The layer may be differ-
entiated at the falls in Oak Orchard creek.
Stratum 2 is composed of varying proportions of hard, dark gray, sub-
crystalline limestone and irregular beds of unstratified bluish hydraulic
material, giving the whole a dappled appearance. It is dark blue when
fresh but weathers a very light gray. It is also known in the canal south
of Lockport and in the creek 2% miles southwest of Gasport. Stroma-
toporas are common in it. The horizon can be recognized at Shelby from
the piles of material just west of the village.
Stratum 3 is a compact, light brown dolomite of uniform texture. At
Niagara Falls there are small corals (Enterolasma caliculus, Favo-
sites) in the lower part. From the character of the rock and that of the
overlying stratum we regard this as the horizon of the lower Guelph fossils
at Shelby. There the subdivision into separate beds is more pronounced
and the fossils are restricted to a 3 foot layer; this subdivision of the
stratum is also shown at Lockport where the layer is the highest and most
southern one exposed on the canal.
Stratum 4 is finer, harder and lighter colored than the layers above and
below and is filled with cavities. Near the top is a continuous row of chert
nodules which are bluish when fresh but become white on long exposure.
This layer is nearly in a plane with the crest of the American and Horse-
shoe falls. Fossils are extremely scarce but the exposure is unfavorable for
examination. Poleumita scamnata occurs here, a species not else-
where found except in the chert nodules of the upper Shelby and Rochester
horizon. This fact indicates that this chert layer represents the upper
Guelph hortzon which would, thus, be separated from the lower horizon by
an interval of 20-25 feet, considerably less than at Shelby.
Above stratum 5, consisting of brownish dolomites in thin layers hav-
ing black partings, there is a covered interval of 10 feet (6), which is fol-
lowed by a 25 foot mass (7) of rough geodiferous dolomite in thick and
thin layers. ‘This is exposed in the cut of the Gorge road south of the car
barn, at the south of Goat island and on the Three Sisters. This rock
——
16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
contains numerous fossils; Stromatopora, Halysites, Favosites (diffusely
branching form) Spirifer crispus, Trematospira (which is common
in ‘the Guelph of Iowa), Coelidium .macrospira,) Ptemmade
subplana.
The association indicates a mixture of Lockport and Guelph species,
though there is nothing in it which militates against its construction as a
Guelph fauna, as, in fact, a facies of the fauna somewhat removed in space
from the reefs about which the true Guelph was centered. We may note
that Professor Hall? described and figured specimens from “limestone below
the cliff at Niagara Falls” — evidently loose —as Cyrtoceras? subcan-
cellatumand Gomphoceras? sp. Both are identified with specimens
from the Rochester shale but this identification seems erroneous in the for-
mer and dubious in the latter case. These fossils are quite distinctly of
Guelph habit and it is probable that both were derived from this upper
layer. We may properly regard the layer of chert nodules below as pre-
senting the first appearance of the Guelph (i. e. the upper) fauna in this
section and in this case may conceive the thickness of 45 feet of dolomite
above this layer as imperfectly or not at all represented at Shelby.
The actual measurement of the dolomite section at Niagara Falls is 13
feet more than on Oak Orchard creek and this difference is largely if not
wholly at the top of the former. It is not now possible to say how much of
the section has been planed off in either place or what part of the difference
is to be ascribed to the thinning of the formation eastward. That a portion
of the top of the section throughout this region is concealed, is indicated by
borings. Deep wells in the Niagara region are stated to show about 100
feet of limestones above the exposure,’ but it is altogether uncertain that
this is to be accepted as correct or what part of such alleged increase can be
ascribed to the dolomite series.
* These fossils have been chiefly collected on Goat island by Gilbert van Ingen.
2a. OY. 2: 200, pl, (61:
3Grabau. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 45, p. 114.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 17
Other manifestations in Orleans county
In the townships of Barre and Clarendon lying between Shelby town-
ship and the west boundary of Monroe county, outcrops of the dolomites
are seldom shown. Except at Clarendon village almost the entire surface
of the dolomites has been planed down and forms the floor of the basin in
which lie detached northern parts of the Oak Orchard swamp. The lower
element of the series is exposed at several places near the northeast corner
of Barre. At Clarendon village the exposure shows the lowest layers (1,
of the Niagara section) in and above the falls; in the ridge south of the
village strata 2 and 3 are exposed. No trace, however, of Guelph fossils
has appeared here. About 4o feet above the base of the dolomites
there appears a cherty layer, similar to, perhaps identical with that in
Niagara county; in the latter section the elevation of the layer above the
Rochester shale is 75 feet.
One and one half miles east of Barre Center and on the ridge south
of Clarendon are found the rough layers appertaining to division 7 of the
Niagara section, and the more even grained, sandy dolomites which cap
the section near the rapids of the Niagara river, are quarried at Honest
Hill, 3 miles south of Clarendon.
In all the section exposed at Clarendon no trace has been found of
Guelph fossils; the lower Guelph fauna as expressed at Shelby is absent
and the horizon of the upper fauna is not clearly exposed. South of the
line of outcrop of these upper rough dolomites the country is dotted with
boulders of this origin, made rougher and more jagged by the action of
decomposing agencies.
Monroe county
Allen creek section. Directly south of Rochester, an interrupted sec-
tion of the dolomites is made by Allen creek, a stream of many branches,
traversing the town of Pittsford, flowing north and discharging into the
Irondequoit river. (1) The lowest exposure is beneath the large cul-
vert through which the stream passes under the New York Central Rail-
18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
road (Direct road), where 20 feet of rough dolomites are shown. The
bottom of this exposure is 350 feet A.T. After a covered interval esti-
mated at about 10 feet, another exposure (2) is seen at Lincoln’s Mills,
near the crossing of the East avenue road; 25 feet of dark bluish gray
dolomite, with drusy cavities and showing specimens of Stropheodonta
profunda, are exposed. Estimating a covered interval of 20 feet, a third
outcrop (3) occurs on the premises of John Balder, consisting of 5 feet of
evenly bedded dolomites overlain by 8 to 1o feet of darker rock with
Stromatopora. Above are 2 feet of a peculiarly concretionary layer with
many corals of the Lockport limestone and similar to a layer in the Pike
quarry section, Rochester. Continuous with this exposure, farther up the
creek are (4) 10 feet of dark dolomite with corals; 5 feet of finer, harder
and thin bedded rock; 12 feet of dark brown dolomite with Stromatopora,
Halysites and Favosites. The summit of the outcrop is about 8 rods east
of the Erie canal. Above this section is a covered interval estimated at
about 15 feet, and herein probably lies the Guelph horizon of the Nellis
quarry, which, as we shall presently note, is above the dolomites in
Pike quarry. The exposure next following on the stream (5) is 5 to 6
rods long in the low banks and covers about 8 feet of thin “platten” lime-
stones of the Salina. In the bottom of the Erie canal, 2 miles north-
west of Pittsford, 470 feet A. T., and 34 of a mile from the last named
exposure are black shales with interbedded gray ‘“platten” limestones
abounding in Salina crustaceans. Exposure 5 has an elevation at the
bottom of 485 feet and hence lies above the Salina shales referred to.
We may fairly conclude that these Salina black shales lie immediately
above the covered Guelph horizon.
The total thickness of the dolomites here according to the section
given, is about 120 feet.
Brighton. At a rock cut, 1 mile east of Brighton on the Direct road
(New York Central Railroad) are 15 feet of brown dolomites with Stroma-
topora and Favosites. The exact horizon of this layer in the Lockport
dolomites is not altogether clear.
|
|
|
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK ie)
Rochester and vicinity: P2ke guarry, Frost avenue and Summer street.
The section where best exposed is as follows, beginning at the bottom,
which is the surface of the water in the quarry:
1 Brownish gray to black scraggy dolomite with drusy cavities.
Stromatopora and Favosites abundant. (See Allen creek sec-
tion, no. 4) - - - - -
- - - - = @ ANGLE
2 Compact unbroken dolomite - - - = = a = eae
4 Dark brown dolomite like 1 - : = 3 SON
4 Dark bluish gray dolomite, weathering brown; compact - Sheet On ce
5 Brown sandy dolomite in layers 2 to 4 inches thick. Heavier
layer attop. Stromatopora and Zaphrentis bilateralis 6 “*
This section is clearly all of Lockport dolomite.
Nellis quarry, McLean street. The highest part of this locality 1s
1200 feet west and 600 feet south of Pike quarry, and this rock section
runs 15 feet higher than in that section. The white chert nodules from
which Mr Arey obtained many of the Guelph species before workings
here were abandoned, are all in the upper part of this additional
thickness.
The rapids, Genesee river. The exposure here is 25 or 30 rods long
and includes about the same section as Pike quarry. The Guelph horizon
with white chert is not exposed.
Lauer quarry, town of Gates, 2 miles west of the Rochester city line.
The lower part of the section exposes 15 feet of dolomite with Favosites,
Stromatopora and Enterolasma caliculus (Lockport). The high-
est part of the quarry gives 3 feet additional, which may rise to the Guelph
horizon, but no satisfactory evidence is at hand. The elevation here is 550
feet A. T. The quarry is not now operated.
Newman quarry, 1% miles north of Lauer quarry and 3 miles west of
Rochester city line; town of Gates; 30 to 35 feet above the preceding.
At the south end of the quarry the section is from the bottom.
20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
1 Compact bluish dolomite, with Enterolasma caliculus
(Lockport) - - - - - - - - . 4 feet
2 Dark grayish brown dolomite with white chert nodules. This
layer has furnished Trematonotus alpheus, but fossils
are very scarce. (Guelph or upper Shelby horizon) - -
Wayne county
The original occurrence of Guelph fossils in New York, was, as we
have already noted, from the bottom of the Erie canal near Newark. Pro-
fessor Hall has stated that these remains (a mere handful of depauperated
shells) were thrown out with the Salina marls, the rock containing the fossils
preserving ‘the celluliferous structure and characteristic color of the argila-
ceous limestone of that formation.”* Newark lies on the Salina shales which
are shown to a depth of not less than 200 feet in well sections in the city.?
The canal (9 feet deep) passes through the city in an east-west course which
it retains for several miles. The nearest outcrop of the dolomite is at Fair-
ville, 6 miles due north. This outcrop may be near the middle of the series
and the dip of the beds is south 30-50 feet to the mile. It would thus
appear that Professor Hall’s specimens must have come from a high hori-
zon, even within the Salina shales wherein was represented a brief, ill con-
ditioned return of Guelph species.
Southern Ontario—the section at Hamilton
The composition of the Niagara escarpment, which is finely continued
along Lake Ontario (Hamilton bay) just south of the city of Hamilton, has
been carefully studied by Colonel C. C. Grant of that place, who has pub-
lished various data in regard to it. Dr J. W. Spencer also some years ago
studied this region stratigraphically and described some of the fossils there-
from. From these sources we gather that the section here is the following,
beginning at the top.
*N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t, p. 305 (rev. ed. p. 347).
2 The section of a well put down at Alloway, 3 miles south of Newark, showed 580 feet
of Salina shales to the top of the dolomites. [See Prosser. Am. Geologist, June 1900,
Pp. 353]
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 21
1 The Barton beds (Spencer). Summit formation,
mostly dark dolomite with interbedded shale and
soft hydraulic layers, the latter considerably
employed in the manufacture of cement - cr ateet
2 Magnesian silicious beds filled with irregular
nodules of light or white chert - - - = 20 feet maximum
3 Blue dolomite - - - - - - - 5-6 feet
4 Rochester shale’ - - - S - - SM NOMeet
For our immediate use we need not carry the section further down,
though the outcrop of the cuesta extends well into the Medina, as on the
Niagara river. To return to 1: these heterogeneous strata, consisting of
shales, soft waterlimes and hard dolomites (Barton beds") contain discrete
faunas. In the hydraulic layers are Atrypa reticularis, Entero-
lasma caliculus, while the dark dolomites bear a distinct association.
With the aid of Colonel Grant and by the study of his collection and that
of the Hamilton Scientific Association, we are able to cite these as charac-
teristic species: Orthothetes subplanus, Leptaena rhombot-
dalis, Orthoceras bartonense Spencer, a Dawsonoceras identical
with D.annulatum. More important however are the following, each
of which has been seen by Colonel Grant in but a single specimen: Pleu-
rotomaria perlata,? Coelidium macrospira, Trochoceras like
T. waldronense from the Waldron. The first two of these are
of distinctively Guelph character, and P. perlata has not been found
outside of that fauna. Colonel Grant finds that the upper layer of these
Barton beds, whenever stripped of soil, is everywhere deeply scored
by glacial shearing and believes that some part of the dolomites has
been thus carried away. Hence we get in these Barton beds, a clue
to or suggestion of the true Guelph fauna, which we may well believe
*The employment of this term, so well known and long established in the English
Tertiary nomenclature, recalls how nearly Professor Hall came to duplicating the same
English nomenclature by introducing the terms Galt and Ludlowville.
2Tt is apparently this species that has been described by Spencer as P. clipeiformis
from this upper horizon at Hamilton. [Univ. Mo. Bul. 1. 1884. p. 57, pl. 7, fig. 6]
22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
was more fully developed in the later deposits removed by glacial
erosion.
Summary
We may briefly summarize the evidence from these sections thus:
The more prolific development of the Guelph fauna in the lower
Shelby dolomite on Oak Orchard creek does not extend so far eastward as
Monroe county and has as yet been observed only at the original locality.
The Guelph fauna of the upper Shelby dolomite, which is largely
involved in chert nodules, appears under similar conditions both at Shelby,
about Rochester, and in the Niagara Falls section.
It is to be noted that, while the white chert segregations are in some
measure an index of the upper Guelph horizon, those which contain fossils
have proved to be in an exceedingly small ratio to the number present.
The experience of Mr Arey in the exposures about Rochester showed that
these fossils were to be had only by very great diligence and watchfulness,
and it seems probable that they will always be of rarity. The dolomite
containing these silicious nodules weathers freely to sand, retreating from
about the nodules, which thus become loosened and set free, so that the
rough, scraggy dolomitic blocks with which the surface of the country is
freely covered, specially in the towns of Ogden and Sweden, Monroe co.,
seem to us to be in part at least derived from this upper Guelph horizon.
We conclude that the episode of the Lockport dolomites, which was
virtually the closing sedimentation phase of the true marine Siluric, embraces
representations of two quite distinct faunas; (1) the essential or normal fauna
of the time and place, the immediate successor of, and derivative from the pro-
fuse Rochester shale (Niagaran) fauna, that is to say, the peculiar and appro-
priate fauna of the Lockport stage; (2) at least two, perhaps three manifes-
tations of the typical Guelph fauna which has entered this province from the
west. These are embedded in the dolomites and interbedded with the layers
containing the other fauna. They represent a distinct organic facies from
the other, and the relations of both are those of mutually encroaching
faunas of adjoining provinces without alteration of sediment and sea.
In New York, therefore, both Lockport and Guelph faunas pertain to
the period of the Lockport-Shelby dolomites.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 23
FAUNA OF THE GUELPH DOLOMITE IN WESTERN
NEW YORK
ANTHOZOA
TETRACORALLA (HEXACORALLA ?)
ZAPHRENTIs Rafinesque. 1820
Zaphrentis cf. racinensis Whitfield
Plate x, fig. 2, 3
Cf. Zaphrentis racinensis Whitfield, Geology of Wisconsin. 1882. 4: 277,
pl. 14, fig. 1, 2
Four casts of the interior of the calyx of a supposedly turbinate coral
were found among the Rochester material, one of which had been identified
by Mr Arey with Zaphrentis racinensis. We have a few speci-
mens also from the upper horizon at Shelby. Professor Whiteaves records‘
that he had corals from various Canadian localities in a similarly poor state
of preservation, and these he regarded as possibly identical with Z. raci-
nensis Whitf. That species itself was founded on internal casts of cups
only, from the Racine limestone, and, while our specimens show the same
number of septal impressions as those and also agree therewith in the
development of the septal fossette and the mode of contraction of the cali-
cular cavity, they uniformly attain only about half the size of Z. racinen-
sis, the latter having a calyx twice as deep as that from Rochester.
While it would be hazardous to identify these corals from such casts only,
dissimilarity in size does not impugn their usefulness for correlation. It is
not probable that the casts represent specimens of Z. (Polydilasma)
turbinata Hall, from the Lockport limestone of New York, as that
species is characterized by the duplication of its septa about the outer walls
and the abrupt depression of the cup about half way from the outer margin
to the center, which would give to the casts a cylindric interior and a saucer-
shaped superior part.
* Op. cit. 1895. Pp. 49.
Pal. N.Y. 1852. 2:112, pl. 32, fig. 2a-h.
24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
In the upper Guelph of Shelby was collected a single specimen which
possesses a rapidly widening corallum, narrow, thin septa and a deep cup;
on account of these characters, it has also been referred to Zaph.
racinensis rather thanto Zaph. turbinata.
ENTEROLASMA Simpson. 1900
Enterolasma cf. caliculus Hall (sp.)
Plate x, fig. x
Streptelasma calicula Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:111, pl. 32,
fig. 1a-k
Of somewhat more frequent occurrence than the foregoing in the Guelph
at Rochester are casts of a smaller turbinate, rapidly expanding zaphrentid,
slightly curved toward the apex. These in exterior appearance suggest
identity with Streptelasma caliculus Hall. Unfortunately in
nearly all specimens the internal structure has been destroyed by dolomitiza-
tion, but a single specimen has afforded in thin section, evidence of a pseudo-
lamella consisting of the involved vermiform projections of the septa sug-
gesting the convolutions of the intestines. Simpson* has united under
the generic name Enterolasma, species presenting this peculiar divergence
from the structure of Streptelasma, assuming the S. strictum Hall, of
the Helderbergian, as the type of the genus. Two other species of Niaga-
ran age have been referred by this author to the genus, viz Petraia
waynensis Safford and Streptelasma radicans Hall, the former
from Perry county, Tenn., the latter from Waldron Ind. Enterolasma
waynense differs from E. caliculus in the coarser and more promi-
nent costae and the sharper concentric striae. It is also proportionally
more slender. These are but slight differences, which are not pronounced
in the Guelph species. Enterolasma radicans has a more irregular
growth and a broad base of attachment.
This characteristic dwarfed coral has not been observed in either the
lower or upper Guelph beds at Oak Orchard creek, while it was found to be
TN.) ¥. State Mus, | Bul." 39:) 1900.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 25
abundant in the dark crystalline limestone directly underlying the upper
Guelph chert nodules.
piptopHyiium Hall. 1852
Diplophyllum caespitosum Hall
Diplophyllum caespitosum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:115,
pl. 33, fig. ra-r
Cyathophyllum pelagicum Billings, Geol. Sur. Canada. Paleozoic Fossils.
1862. 1:108; Catalogue of the Silurian Fossils of Anticosti. 1866. p. 34
Diphyphyllum caespitosum Nicholson, Paleontology of the Province of
Ontario. 1875. p.59
Diphyphyllum caespitosum Lambe, Ottawa Naturalist. 1899. 12:240
Diphyphyllum caespitosum, Geol. Sur. Canada. Contrib. Canadian Paleon-
tology. 1901. v. 4, pt 2, p.158
Several fragments of coral stocks from. Rochester show aggregate
simple, cylindric coralla of somewhat varying diameter. Most of these
coralla are so weathered or dolomitized that the interior structure is lost ;
one stock which was better preserved, afforded sections showing that
the coral has the internal structure described by Hall for the Niagaran
species D. caespitosum, viz a deep calyx; below this an internal zone
with tabulae and septa, and a wide marginal zone with septa and numerous
dissepiments, which give this zone a cellular appearance. In mode of
growth also this form agrees with D. caespitosum. It is not common
in the chert nodules of the Guelph horizon. .
Observations. The generic relations of this species have been vari-
ously interpreted by different writers. Hall erected for it the genus
Diplophyllum, citing as differentials the characters of the distinctly sepa-
rated central and marginal areas of the cell, and mentioned its apparent
relationship to Diphyphyllum Lonsdale, without stating the differences
between the two. Latterly, Diplophyllum has been considered a synonym
of Diphyphyllum ; and Rominger,’ who has been followed by Lambe, united
under Diphyphyllum both Eridophyllum and Diplophyllum, because of
Geol. Sur. Michigan. 1876. 3: 120.
26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
similarity in mode of growth, admitting however three different modifica-
tions in their structure. In the first of these, consisting exclusively of Siluric
forms, the demarcation of the outer and inner area is very obscure, and the
septa reach to the center of the cells; in the second the septa are confined
to a narrow outer zone, and the zones are not separated by an intermediate
wall; and the third has a distinct secondary wall separating the inner and
outer zones, and this the septa never transgress. Diplophyllum caes-
pitosum, by the development of the septa which reach the center, falls
under the first group; the second is that comprised under the generic term
Diphyphyllum ; and the third is equivalent to Eridophyllum. The last two
genera have usually been recognized by European writers, and Frech has
stated that Diphyphyllum was based on corals of the Carboniferous lime-
stone, quite distinct from Eridophyllum, and a question may therefore arise
as to the propriety of employing the term Diphyphyllum so as to include
Diplophyllum.
Diphyphyllum has been considerably misunderstood. Edwards and
Haime’ united it with Lithostrotion, at the same time creating the similar
genus Eridophyllum, which on account of its internal wall was compared
with Acervularia. De Koninck and Dybowski, however, later defined the
genus Diphyphyllum as characterized by the presence of an internal wall
with regular tabulae within it and by the feeble development of the septa.
The group defined by these characters is identical with Rominger’s second
modification except that this author describes this group as without internal
wall. Other writers on Diphyphyllum contend that the internal wall is
never but slightly developed. Frech? states that, on account of the inter-
nal walls in Diplophyllum caespitosum, Hall’s comparison of that
species with Diphyphyllum was erroneous, and that it is much more nearly
related to Acervularia. It is also distinctly stated that the septa in Diphy-
phyllum are feebly developed, while in Diplophyllum they are quite strong
and reach the center.
*Polyp. Foss. Terr. Paleoz. 1851. p. 446.
*Lethaea Palaeozoica, 1: 350.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 2H,
Mr Lambe, who has undertaken a revision of the Canadian corals,
united Diplophyllum and Eridophyllum under Diphyphyllum, which is
characterized as possessing no “inner wall”; and Diplophyllum
caespitosum is said to have “dissepiments arching upward, between the
septa, against the outside wall, generally in a single series, their outer edges,
as seen in transverse section, assuming the appearance of an inner wall
situate less than 1 mm from the wall proper.” This appears to us to con-
firm the presence of an inner wall in D. caespitosum, as the inner wall
of the other genera, where it can be said to be typically developed, such as
Lonsdaleia and Acervularia, consists also of a single or terminal series of
strongly developed upward arching dissepiments. We must, therefore, as
long as the term “inner wall” is used loosely, consider D. caespitosum
as possessing this structure. It would seem to us that the term should be
restricted to that inner wall which is often formed by the lateral thickening
of the septa, in like manner as the pseudotheca.
From sections of Diplophyllum caespitosum, of Erido-
phyllum verneuilianum, the type species of that genus, and of
E. simcoense, given by Lambe in the paper above cited, it becomes
apparent that the internal wall of Eridophyllum, or walls (for in E. ver-
neuilianum occur two series of dissepiments) are also constructed as
in Diplophyllum, and that the difference between the two genera can at
present be based only on the different development of the septa, while the
difference assumed to consist in the failure of the septa to transgress beyond
the inner wall in Eridophyllum is not valid. To this difference may be
added the presence of the characteristic radiciform expansions in Erido-
phyllum. Diphyphyllum differs from the two latter genera by its very
feebly developed septa, which do not reach the internal wall, and by its
different geologic range. While these distinctions in the three genera may
be only of degree, the groups denoted by them differ also in geologic age,
Eridophyllum being essentially a Devonic and Diphyphyllum entirely a
Carbonic genus.
Diphyphyllum caespitosum occurs, according to Billings, as
28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
early as the Anticosti group of Anticosti; it is common in the Lockport
dolomite of New York, and is reported from the same horizon in Ontario
(Thorold) ; in Wisconsin it ranges from the Mayville beds, through the
coral and Racine beds into the Guelph horizon.
HELIOPHYLLUM Hall. 1849
Heliophyllum sp. indet.
Plate 1, fig. 4, 5.
A single internal cast of a small calyx found in the Guelph of Roches-
ter shows distinctly the impression of the denticulations on the septa, which
in the present state of our knowledge are regarded as characteristic of
Heliophyllum. Though a considerable number of Siluric species have been
referred to this genus, the specimen in hand is not sufficiently complete for
identification.
TABULATA
ravosires Lamarck. 1816
Coral stocks of Favosites belong to the most common fossils of the
Guelph dolomite. The different coralla show considerable variation, indi-
cating the presence of several species.
Favosites niagarensis Hall
Favosites niagarensis Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:125, pl.
34A bis, fig. 4a-h
Favosites gothlandica Whiteaves (in part), Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3,
pt 2, p. 5°
Favosites niagarensis Lambe, Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899. v. 4,
pt 1, p71
This is one of the commonest of the species in the white chert nodules
at Rochester and the upper Guelph of Oak Orchard creek. The specimens
are for the most part subspheric, attain the size of the fist and are composed
of corallites which are seldom larger than 2 mm in diameter, and average
considerably less, specially in immature growth. The tabulae are regular
and flat, but vary in the intervals between them in different specimens, from
.3mm inoneto1.5 mm. On account of the incrustation of thickened walls,
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 29
the pores and spines can rarely be observed ; one was found to possess two
rows of alternating pores on the sides. The presence of numerous spines
is indicated by pits on the internal casts of cells. These spines are arranged
in three or four rows corresponding to as many septa on each side.
It is safe to consider forms with these characters as identical with F.
Nniagarensis.
Observations. Whiteaves,’ in his description of Favosites goth-
landicus from the Guelph at Galt, Hespeler, Elora and Fergus, regards
Favosites niagarensis Hall as a synonym of that species, but
remarks that there are no examples of the typical form of F.gothlandicus
with large corallites, among the Guelph organisms of the survey museum,
and that he has seen but a single specimen thereto. On the other hand
Mr Lambe, in the fevzszon of the Madreporarza Perforata and the
Alcyonaria® describes F. niagarensis and F. gothlandicus sepa-
rately, but only F. gothlandicus as occurring in the Guelph of Ontario.
Milne-Edwards and Haime also regard F. niagarensis as synonymous
with F. gothlandicus, but at the same time give a diameter for the coral-
lites which is greater than that of the Guelph specimens. Hall expressly
stated that his species was distinguished by the size of the cells, and also
usually formed small spheroidal masses, characters with which these Guelph
specimens are in accord.
Favosites hisingeri Edwards & Haime
Favosites hisingeri Milne-Edwards & Haime, Polypiers Fossiles des Terr.
Paleoz. 1851. p. 240, pl. 17, fig. 2a, 2b
Astrocerium venustum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:120,
pl. 34, fig. 1a-j
Astrocerium parasiticum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 122,
pl. 34, fig. 2a-i
Astrocerium pyriforme Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:123,
pl. 34A, fig. 1a-e
t Paleozoic Fossils, v. 3, pt 2.
2 Contrib. Canadian Pal. v. 4, pt 1, p. 7.
30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Favosites venusta Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1875. p. 65.
Favosites venustus Rominger, Geol. Sur. Michigan. Fossil Corals. 1876.
p22. pli) ne. 3
Astrocerium venustum Whitfield, Geology of Wisconsin. 1882. 4:270,
pl. 13, fig. 8-10
Favosites hisingeri Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1882. v. 3, pt 2, p. 51
Several specimens from the dolomite at Rochester and the upper
Guelph at Oak Orchard creek differ materially from other species in size of
the corallites, and, while they are uniform in this regard, they vary among
themselves. They form depressed, hemispheric or flat, though massive
expansions. The cells vary from .5 mm to 1.5 mm in diameter, and are
prismatic. Long septal spines, reaching nearly to the center of the cor-
allites, are arranged in longitudinal rows. The number of rows of pores
has not been positively determined. The tabulae are thin, flat, horizontal,
closely arranged, from .5 to 1 mm apart.
This form is well known from the Niagaran and Guelph formations
and has a wide distribution.
Favosites gothlandicus Lamarck
Favosites gothlandica Lamarck, Histoire des Animaux sans _ Vertébres.
1816. 11:206
Favosites favosa? Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:126, pl. 34A bis,
fig. 5a-e
Favosites gothlandica Billings, Geology of Canada. 1863. p. 305, fig. 302;
Catalogue of the Silurian Fossils of Anticosti. 1866. p. 32
Favosites gothlandica and favosa Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario.
stile (0s Ghul 32
Favosites gothlandica Nicholson, Paleontology of Ohio. 1872. 2:224
Favosites favosus Rominger, Fossil Corals. 1876. p. 20, pl. 4, fig. 1-4a, pl. 5,
fig. 2
Favosites gothlandica Whiteaves (in part), Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3,
pt 2, p. 50
Favosites gothlandica Lambe, Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899. v. 4,
pia, p-.3, pl: 1, Gg. a
With this species has been identified a fragment of a very coarse type
of Favosites from Rochester. The calyxes of this specimen average
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 31
between 2 and 3 mm in width, the tabulae are in the main closely arranged
and the cell walls strong; the mural pores are provided with a distinct rim,
as observed by others, are much larger than those of specimens referred
to F. niagarensis, are arranged in three rows and set closer together
than in other species. The marginal depressions of the tabulae observed
in F. gothlandicus by Mr Lambe are also easily observable in this
specimen. Septa have not been noticed. The walls of the corallites are
striated concentrically in several places, indicating the growth lines.
To all appearances this is the same form as that described and figured
by Hall as F. favosa? Goldf. from the Niagara limestone at Milwaukee
[op. cet.|. F. favosus has been currently considered as a synonym of F.
gothlandicus. Whiteaves, Lambe and Milne-Edwards and Haime do
not recognize that species.
Favosites forbesi Edwards & Haime
Favosites forbesi Edwards & Haime, Polypiers Fossiles des Terr. Paleoz. 1851.
p. 238
Favosites forbesi Edwards & Haime, British Fossil Corals. 1855. p. 238,
pl. 60, fig. 2a-g
Favosites forbesi Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 50
Favosites basaltica Lambe (in part), Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899.
Vv. 4, pt 1, p. 8
Both at Rochester and at Shelby fragments have been obtained
which differ noticeably from the other specimens in the small size of the
corallites, which average not quite 1 mm in diameter. Interspersed
between these are less numerous, almost circular, somewhat larger coral-
lites. The walls are rather thin, the tabulae irregularly disposed, the
pores apparently arranged in two rows and the interior of the cells pro-
vided with horizontal scales or squamulae.
It would seem to be a specimen of like character that was identified
by Nicholson* as coming from Hespeler. In regard to the occurrence of
this species, Dr Whiteaves remarks that it is not included in any of the
tPal. Ontario. 2d Rep’t. p. 56.
32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
lists of fossils from the Guelph formation in the Geology of Canada and
that he has failed to recognize it in any of the later collections received by
the survey.
A comparison of the specimens from New York with the original
description and figures by Edwards and Haime leaves no doubt that, if
their species is valid, these may appropriately be referred to it, for they
show the difference in size of cells and the average cell diameter given by
those authors.
Mr Lambe, however, has lately* expressed the view that the specimens
determined by Nicholson as F. forbesiare identical with F. basalticus
Goldfuss, from which Edwards and Haime had separated it first. These
authors themselves, state that there occur all transitions between the two
sizes of cells, and, as this difference in our specimens is much less marked,
there seems to be good reason for doubting the validity of that species
(F.forbesi). In fact, Mr Lambe describes F. basalticus Goldfuss as
subject to many variations in outward form and in the size and shape of the
corallites. As, however, the dimensions for the corallites are given by him
as varying from 2 mm, or even less, to 4 or 5 mm, while in the Guelph
specimens, as in those described by Edwards and Haime, the diameter of
the two kinds of cells does not quite average 1 and 2 mm; and as Mr
Lambe does not cite F. basalticus from the Guelph beds but only from
the Onondaga limestone of Ontario, it seems preferable still to refer these
specimens to F. forbesi E. & H. Both Nicholson [o/. cz¢.] and Frech?
mention as an additional descriptive feature of this species the less sharply
subcylindric form of the cells, a very marked feature of the specimens from
Rochester and Shelby. The difference in the size of the cells is reported
as most marked in young specimens, but becomes obliterated with progress-
ing growth.
*Contrib. Canadian Pal. v. 4, pt 1, p. 8
2Lethaea Palaeozoica, 1: 422.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 33
cuaporora Hall. 1852
Cladopora multipora Hall
Cladopora multipora Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:140, pl. 39,
fig. 1a-g
Favosites? multipora Nicholson, Paleontology of Ontario. 1875. p. 53
Cladopora multipora Lambe, Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899. v. 4,
pt 1, p. 29
This form, with the characters assigned to it by Hall and by Lambe,
is quite common in the upper Shelby layer, occurring in casts in the
compact dolomite which present only the tube fillings, while in the nodules
the cell walls are retained. Hall reports the species from the lower part of
the Lockport limestone at Lockport, and Lambe from the Niagaran of
Lake Temiscamingue, Quebec; it has not been cited from the Canadian
Guelph. Whitfield lists an undetermined species of Cladopora from the
Guelph of Wisconsin.
The lower Shelby bed frequently contains indistinct masses of a Clado-
pora, which may be also referable to this species.
watysites Fischer. 1813
Halysites catenularius Linne (sp.)
Tubipora catenularia Linné, Systema Naturae, ed. 12. 1767. p. 1270
Catenipora labyrinthica Goldfuss, Petrefacta Germaniae. 1826. 1:75,
pl. 25, fig. 5
Halysites catenularia Edwards & Haime, British Fossil Corals. 1855.
p. 270, pl. 64, fig. 1a-c
Catenipora escharoides Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:127, pl. 35,
fig. Ia-i
Halysites catenulatus Billings, in Logan’s Geology of Canada. 1863. p. 305,
fig. 303
Halysites catenularia Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1875. p.51,
fig. 24a, b
Halysites catenularia Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 47
Halysites catenularia Lambe, Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899. v. 4,
pt 2, p. 68
34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Specimens of this species occur in the white flint nodules at Rochester,
and also in the dark dolomite, the latter in a condition altogether similar to
that in which they are abundantly found throughout the upper layers of
the Lockport dolomite series. The species is also common at the upper
Guelph horizon near Shelby falls. In the size of the corallites and shape
of the meshes the forms approach that described by Goldfuss as Cateni-
pora labyrinthica, but the latter is considered by Whitfield* as a
variety of Halysites catenulatus, while Whiteaves regards it as
synonymous with the latter, and Lambe asserts that transitions are observ-
able to the forms with large corallites and meshes.
Halysites catenularius, with its varieties has a very wide ver-
tical and horizontal distribution and in Canada occurs both in the Guelph
and Niagara beds.
Halysites agglomeratus Hall (sp.)
Catenipora agglomerata Hall, Geology of New York; report on fourth dis-
trict. 1843.’ table ‘22, tig.72
Catenipora agglomerata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:129,
pl. 35 bis, fig. 2a-g
Halysites agglomerata Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1875.
p. 51, fig. 24c, d and p. 66
Halysites agglomeratus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 48
Numerous fragments consisting of rather long straight chains composed
of nearly round, rather large corallites have been observed at Rochester
and in the upper Shelby dolomite. Hall termed forms with this char-
acter Catenipora agglomerata. Nicholson reports the species
from the Guelph of Ontario; while Lambe [of. czt. p. 67, 68] believes that
the corallum of H. catenularius adopted the agglomerata mode of
growth when its lateral expansion was interfered with or restricted, and
asserts that both oval and circular corallites are found in the same corallum.
These fossils are too scantily represented in the Rochester material to per-
mit any conclusion in regard to the relation of the species in question.
*Geol. Wisconsin. 1882. 4:271.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 35
There have also been observed in this material a few fragments con-
sisting of alternating rows of large corallites with smaller rectangular ones.
This variation has been reproduced by Lambe [pl. 3, fig. 2] and is regarded
by him as belonging to Halysites catenularius, his specimen com-
ing from the Niagaran of Ontario.
syrincopora Goldfuss. 1826
Syringopora infundibulum Whitfield
Plate 1, fig. 6-9
Syringopora infundibula Whitfield, Geol. Sur. Wisconsin. Annual Report.
1877. p- 79
Cystostylus infundibulus Whitfield, Geology of Wisconsin. 1882. p. 274,
pl. 14, fig. 7
Cystostylus infundibulus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v.3, ptt, p.2
Cystostylus infundibulus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 49
Syringopora infundibula Lambe, Contrib. Canadian Paleontology. 1899.
Vv. 4, pt I, p. 53
A considerable number of nodules of the upper Shelby Guelph are
composed of a Syringopora, identical with the above species originally
described by Whitfield from the Racine limestone at several points in the
vicinity of Wauwatosa and Milwaukee Wis. Whiteaves subsequently
reported the species from the Guelph of Hespeler, Elora and Durham.
The material in hand consists of medium sized, apparently irregular
coralla, aggregations of subparallel, straight or somewhat flexuous corallites,
which have an average diameter of 3 mm and are from 3 to 6 mm apart.
The corallites appear externally as transversely wrinkled, sometimes
abruptly thickened tubes, which multiply by lateral budding and are con-
nected by transverse, hollow connecting processes, three or four of which
are often given off radially in different directions at the same level.
The spiniform septa and funnel-shaped tabulae, characteristic of the
genus, are distinctly shown in natural sections.
The writers share Mr Lambe’s doubt whether this species will prove
distinct from the longer established species, S. verticillata Goldfuss,
36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the more as Rominger, in his very elaborate description of the latter,’
points out that it is very variable in the size of the tubes and their mode of
growth. The dimensions of the two species, as given by these authors, do
not differ materially ; the critical difference therefore rests only in the more
verticillate arrangement of the connecting tubes of the one species, which,
as the Shelby material suggests, may take place at the same level in one
place and at different levels in other portions of the corallum, so that the
latter species may be based on an extreme variation.
Should Syringopora infundibulum prove to be a synonym
of S. verticillata, the form is not restricted to the Guelph but also
extends down into the Lockport limestone, from which S. verticillata
was described, Goldfuss’s types having come from the Niagaran of Drum-
mond island.
The only Syringopora which is described from the Niagaran of New
York is S. multicaulus Hall, which is said to occur in the Lockport
limestone. It appears from the original drawings of that species, that its
corallites are smaller than those of S. infundibulum, and the connect-
ing processes must have been very far apart.
HYDROZOA
stromaropora Goldfuss. 1826
Stromatopora galtensis Dawson (sp.)
Plate x, fig. 13
Coenostroma galtense Dawson, Life’s Dawn on the Earth. 1875. p. 160
Coenostroma galtense Dawson, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1879. 35:52
Cf. Stromatopora constellata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 324
Stromatopora galtensis Nicholson, Monograph on British Stromatoporidae.
TOOL Dt 7s
Stromatopora galtensis Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 2, pt 3, p. 52
Both at Rochester and in the upper horizon at Shelby occur broad,
flat masses with distinct astrorhizae on the surface but with the interior
mostly dolomitized. These fossils are very similar to Stromatopora
™Geol. Sur. Michigan. 1876. v. 3, pt 2, p. 80.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 37
constellata Hall of the Coralline (Cobleskill) limestone, but the latter
has the astrorhizae on monticules, a feature not shown in the Rochester
specimens.
Sir William Dawson, in Lzfe's Dawn on the Earth, p. 160, describes
and figures a form from the Guelph which shows such astrorhizae without
monticules, and the same closely laminated interior. Sections obtained
from the Rochester specimens show that the mass is first divided into
“latilaminae,” then again in closely arranged laminae, through which pillars
pass continuously. On the basis of these structures the specimen is con-
sidered a true Stromatopora, and as showing no noticeable differences from
Dawson’s Coenostroma galtense. The latter was regarded by
Nicholson as probably identical with Str. typica Rosen. This author
also states that Coenostroma constellata (Hall) Spencer’, from
the upper Niagaran of Hamilton Ont., does not appear distinguishable
from C. galtense Daws.
This species forms numerous large concentric masses in the upper
Guelph of Oak Orchard creek. A good specimen exhibiting the astror-
hizae in fine preservation was also obtained from the dark crystalline lime-
stone directly underlying this layer and associated with Enterolasma
caliculus in abundance. In the lower bed occur very frequently cavities
of large size, which are either entirely vacant or filled with a more or less
loose mass of small, white, dolomite crystals. The shape of these cavities
and the occasional retention of one or two concentric layers indicate that
they originated from the dissolution of masses of Stromatopora.
ctatHRopictyum Nicholson & Murie. 1878
Clathrodictyum ostiolatum Nicholson
Plate x, fig. 10-12
Stromatopora ostiolata Nicholson, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873. ser. 4.
12:90, pl. 5, fig. 1, a
Stromatopora ostiolata Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1874.
pl) 1) fies weracs 157/55 ps) 03
*Univ. State of Missouri. Bul. 1. 1884. p. 48.
38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Clathrodictyon (Stromatopora) ostiolatum Nicholson, Monogr. British
Stromatoporidae. 1886. pt 1, p. 14
Clathrodictyon ostiolatum Nicholson, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1887.
Serres Oni. ple tions
Clathrodictyon ostiolatum Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 52
The great majority of the stromatoporoid bodies found in the dolo-
mite of Rochester and in the upper Shelby horizon are small, often incrust-
ing nodular masses with very fine and close lamination, a smooth or finely
granulate surface and conic oscula, the latter a characteristic feature of
Clathrodictyum ostiolatum. In the specimens under observation
they are however not arranged distinctly, as described by Nicholson.
Where the specimens are weathered, they display the characteristic nipple-
shaped prominences of botryoidal appearance. Thin sections show that
the specimens belong to the genus Clathrodictyum as defined by Nicholson
and Murie, specially clear being the succession of calcareous laminae with
intermediate vertical props or dissepiments, which do not penetrate the
laminae, and the “marked off cellular compartments.”
This species has hitherto been recognized only in the Guelph of Ontario.
A section presenting the same structure was observed among the
museum collection of slides from a specimen ticketed as coming from the
Coralline limestone at Schoharie. This section also displays distinctly
“the internal cylindrical masses, each composed of laminae concentric with
a long axis,” observed by Nicholson in C. ostiolatum, as the internal
continuation of the conic oscula. It seems, therefore, that this species is
common to both the Guelph and the Coralline (Cobleskill) limestone.
BRACHIOPODA
oranta Retz. 1781
Crania (sp.)
Plate 4, fig. 6
An imperfect upper valve with subcentral beak and squamose con-
centric striae has been obtained in the white chert at Rochester but is not
specifically identifiable.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 39
MONOMERELLA Billings. 1871
Monomerella noveboracum sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 1-6; plate 3, fig. 1-7; plate 4, fig. 38
Shell large, thick; brachial valve subovate; pedicle valve elongate,
subovate in marginal outline, the greatest width at midlength or sometimes
a little in front of it, thence tapering with convex sides to a bluntly triangu-
lar erect umbo; the brachial valve broader, blunter and more curved than
the pedicle valve. Pedicle valve gently convex, almost straight in profile ;
brachial valve strongly convex, with the greatest prominence posterior to
the middle. The surface ornamentation consists of conspicuous growth
lines.
Pedicle valve. Cardinal area large, broad, flat, elongate triangular,
slanting obliquely inward and divergent from that of the brachial valve ;
subdivided longitudinally into a broad, flat, depressed median area (pedicle
groove) bounded by lateral ridges and broad, smooth areal borders. Median
area higher than broad, crossed by coarse, lamellose growth lines. Supra-
cardinal slope narrow, very oblique and incurved; cardinal faces narrowly
triangular, curving outward, merging into a prominent and very broad car-
dinal buttress, which extends nearly the entire length of the platform.
Hinge transverse, much depressed. Platform well developed, extending
about half the length of the valve, linguate, widening slightly anteriorly ;
front obliquely and obtusely angular. Umbonal chambers in most speci-
mens very deep, wide mouthed and broad. Platform vaults not developed.
Crescent distinct below the hinge line; lateral and terminal parts readily
distinguishable, the latter more impressed. Transverse scars forming an
oval impression between terminal crescents and platform. Platform scars
finely and obliquely striated; extending apparently the full length of the
umbonal chamber. Umbo-lateral scars not distinguished. A broad, low
ridge extends from the anterior edge of the platform to the front margin of
the valve.
Brachial valve. Shorter by nearly one third than the pedicle valve,
broadly ovate, with a low, rotund beak, and transverse hinge which is
40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
strongly raised in the middle. Umbonal cavity simple, deep and broad.
Platform very large, moderately elevated, extending three quarters the
length of the valve, with V-shaped anterior margin, and rounded, projecting
antemedian point; slightly excavate on its anterior walls, often to the
extent of forming shallow platform vaults. Anterior septum a low, broad
ridge, more prominent than in the pedicle valve. Crescent appearing as a
well defined impression on the cardinal slope, its sides and ends curving for-
ward and being broader and less distinct. Transverse scars distinct, sub-
circular depressions. Umbo-lateral scars rather faint and small, lying at the
sides of the umbonal cavities. Both median and anterior scars of the plat-
form sharply defined, depressed below the lateral scars, which are obliquely
striate.
Florzzon. Lower Shelby dolomite, Oak Orchard creek.
This large and ponderous shell has been found only at the locality
cited, but is there in very great abundance ; it is surpassed in number of
individuals only by Trematonotus alpheus and Poterioceras
sauridens. Some of the specimens are impressions of the exterior of
the shell.
This species is in many respects closely related to M. prisca Billings,
whose characters have been described by several authors,’ though nothing
is yet known of its exterior. So obvious is this relationship that M. nove-
boracum is evidently a local, more prosperous development of that
widespread Guelph species. It is, however, sufficiently different to neces-
sitate distinction. It is larger, the specimens attaining a length of 80 mm
and a width of 65 mm; the umbonal cavities are, in most specimens,
absolutely and relatively much longer, some attaining a length of 35 mm;
the umbo of the pedicle valve however is less acutely, but more broadly
tapering ; the cardinal area, pedicle surface and areal borders are therefore
relatively broader. The platform of the brachial valve extends farther
anteriorly, and the anterior septa of both valves extend as broad distinct
* See Billings, Paleozoic Fossils. Nicholson, Pal. Ontario. Whiteaves. Davidson.
Hall & Clarke, Pal. N.Y. v. 8, pt 1.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 41
ridges to the anterior margin. In size this form rivals M. durhamensis
Whiteaves, which however is readily distinguished by its extremely large
and prominent beaks in both valves. In some features the species is still
more closely related to M. walmstedti Dav. & King than to M. prisca.
Monomerella walmstedti is a species from the corresponding beds
of Gothland, which has a similar development of the umbo and cardinal
region, but possesses a more convex umbo in the pedicle valve. Davidson
points out the close relationship of that species with M. prisca. Mono-
merella noveboracum shows relationship also, in the character
of its brachial valve, with M. kingi Hall & Clarke, from the Niagaran
dolomites of Hawthorne Ill." This Shelby species is the only representa-
tive of the family Trimerellidae yet found in the State of New York.
patmanetta Hall & Clarke. 1892
Dalmanella cf. elegantula Dalman (sp.)
Plate 4, fig. 9
For synonomy of Orthis elegantula see Hall & Clarke, Paleontology of New
York. 1892. v. 8, pti, p. 207, and Davidson, Monogr. British Silurian
Brachiopoda.
Some small and incomplete specimens of immature individuals found
at Rochester and in the upper Guelph at Shelby suggest affinity with the
specific type of Dalmanella elegantula in the relative convexity
of the two valves and the character of the surface sculpture so far as
retained.
The presence of casts of the interior of two species of Orthis in the
Guelph of Ontario is mentioned by Whiteaves; and it is also cited from
the Guelph beds at Cedarburg Wis.’
“Ce bale Ne Veuuversy pti ply 4 Di hig. 2,
*Geol. Wisconsin, 2: 379.
42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dalmanella cf. hybrida Sowerby (sp.)
Plate 4, fig. 7, 8
Orthis hybrida Sowerby, in Murchison’s Silurian System. 1839. p. 630, pl. 13,
fig. 11
Orthis hybrida Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:253, pl. 52, fig. 4a-c ;
and authors generally
A single depauperated ventral valve with the characters of this species
has been observed in the chert nodules at Rochester. Orthis hybrida
is found at various outcrops of the Racine beds of Wisconsin, but has not
been elsewhere identified in typical Guelph rocks.
tepTAENA Dalman. 1828
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens
For synonymy see Schuchert, United States Geol. Sur. Bul. 87, p. 240
Under the name L. depressa, Hall’ reports this species as com-
mon in the Rochester shale and rare in the Lockport limestone. A single
small specimen has been obtained from the lower Shelby dolomite. As this
cosmopolitan shell is not mentioned from the Guelph of Canada or Ohio, in
Wisconsin has been reported only from one locality of that formation, and
is entirely absent from the upper horizon at Shelby and Rochester, it evi-
dently found very uncongenial conditions in the Guelph basin,
sPIRIFER Sowerby. 1815
Spirifer crispus (Hisinger) Hall
Plate 4, fig. 10-20
Spirifer crispus Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 328, pl. 74, fig. ga-h
The Spirifers occurring in the upper Shelby horizon both at Rochester
and Oak Orchard creek present features of considerable interest and signifi-
cance. They naturally fall into two groups, one of small and broad forms,
of which numerous specimens have been observed, the other of larger and
relatively longer form, occurring in but restricted number.
The smaller of these is identical in expression with the Sp. cris-
pus described by Hall from the Coralline (Cobleskill) limestone. All the
PPalsN Yo es ege.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 43
specimens before us from Rochester and Shelby, as well as those described
from the Coralline limestone of eastern New York, agree in having the pli-
cations obsolete, while they distinctly show the fine concentric striae with
minutely setose edges, characteristic of that species. Hall expressly states
that these Coralline forms possess no distinctive features from the Niagaran
specimens of this very variable species, and he therefore had “no hesitation
in referring the specimens from the Niagara and the Coralline limestone to
the same species.” At the same time it seems that there is, in the progress
of this species, a decided tendency toward the development of smooth forms,
as is evinced by the replacing of the strongly plicated shells of the Roch-
ester shales by the smooth forms in the Coralline and the Guelph dolomites.
In the upper horizon on Oak Orchard creek a few faintly ribbed speci-
mens indicate the derivation of the smooth mutation from the typically
costate form. But they also contrast strongly with the highly plicate forms
found abundantly in a fossiliferous limestone layer in the Lockport lime-
stone above the lower Shelby bed and among which there are found no
smooth specimens. In the lower fauna Spirifer is entirely absent.
A similar smooth expression of Spirifer crispus in the dolomites
of the Manlius horizon has been recently observed by A. W. Grabau in
western New York and described as Spirifer eriensis.* Dr Grabau
emphasizes the very close relation of his form with the Coralline (Coble-
skill) limestone variety of Spirifer crispus for which he has proposed
the varietal term corallinensis. These smooth varieties of the species
thus extend to the top of the Siluric.
The larger form is too robust to be considered a variety of Sp. cris-
pus. It is also distinguished by the subtriangular outline, and the long
extended beak of the pedicle valve. The sinus is extremely shallow and
can hardly be characterized as flanked by folds. Parts of the shell adhering
to the cast exhibit concentric imbricating lines. A comparison with Sp.
bicostatus at once suggests itself, but the form from the Guelph dolo-
mite is still larger than the typical forms of that species, has the extremities
tGeol. Soc. Am. Bul. 11. 1900. p. 366. pl. 21, fig. 2a, b.
44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
more angular and lacks the distinct folds on either side of the sinus. In
these features, differential from Sp. bicostatus, it agrees with a large
form which is described and figured by Hall from the Coralline limestone
as “Spirifer sp.”? and is stated to be closely allied to Sp. crispus but
differing in size. This agreement extends even to four of the five very low
costae observed on the casts from the Coralline limestone of Schoharie.
The form from the Guelph dolomite [see plate 4, fig. 21, 22] unites the
characters of Sp. bicostatus with this unnamed Spirifer. Sp. bico-
status in New York is only known from its original locality, Vernon
Center in Oneida county, in the eastern extension of the Lockport lime-
stone. It seems, therefore, probable that this group of forms is restricted
to the Guelph dolomite, the eastern extension of the Lockport limestone
in the center of the State, where the stratigraphic relations are not fully
known, and to the Coralline limestone.
Whiteaves? states that the characters of two ventral valves from
the Guelph at Durham Ont. are so similar to those of Sp. bicostatus,
as described and figured by Hall, that it is possible these should be referred
to that species rather than to Sp. plicatellus. This species and its
variety, radiatus, replace Spirifer crispus in the western Racine
and Guelph beds, from which the latter has not been reported.
wuitFiecpetta Hall & Clarke. 1892
Whitfieldella nitida Hall
Plate 4, fig. 32-
Atrypa nitida Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. table
of organic remains 13, fig. 5
This is the most common brachiopod in the higher horizon of the
Guelph dolomite at Shelby and at Rochester. Most of the examples are
relatively small, in this feature approaching more nearly the New York
Niagaran than the Waldron, Indiana, specimens. One exhibits lateral
folds, an occurrence at times observable in the Waldron shell.
*Pal. N. Y. 2: 327, pl. 74, fig. 7, 8a-d.
2Paleozoic Fossils, v. 3, pt 2, p. 62.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 45
Whitfieldella nitida Hall is not reported from the Guelph
limestone of Canada. It is there replaced by W. hyale Billings (sp.)
which is said to be abundant at all localities. The Rochester specimens
are distinctively different from the latter, which is broader shouldered, has
its greatest width more posteriorly and is less convex. The majority of
them however have a broader outline than the typical Lockport specimens,
a feature in which they approach W. nucleolata Hall, the Coralline
limestone representative of the genus, but they still differ from the latter in
not having a distinct sinus and indentation of the anterior margin. Hall*
makes the interesting statement that these broader forms occur in the
Lockport limestone of eastern Wayne county and in Cayuga county, that
they have not the full development which the same species has in the shale
at Rochester, and that they are not easily distinguished from the less
characteristic specimens of W. nucleolata. The forms from the Guelph
dolomite here considered seem to agree most closely with these eastern
shells from the Coralline limestone.
Whitfieldella hyale is reported by Whitfield from the Wis-
consin Racine and Guelph beds, while W. nitida is mentioned only from
the Racine beds. As the latter species has not been cited from the
Guelph of Ohio it appears to be present in that formation only in New
York. It is entirely absent from the lower horizon at Shelby.
camarotorcnia Hall & Clarke. 1892
Camarotoechia (?) neglecta Hall (sp.)
Plate 4, fig. 28-31
Atrypa neglecta Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:274, pl. 57, fig. 1a-p
Rhynchonella neglecta Hall, N. Y. State Mus. 28th An. Rep’t. 1879. p. 162,
pl. 26, fig. 1-6
Rhynchonella neglecta Beecher & Clarke, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 1. 1889.
p. 37, pl. 4, fig. 3, 6-8
Characteristic specimens of this species are quite common in the white
chert of the Rochester and the upper Shelby dolomite. They seem to
zi Pali Ya 21320:
46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
agree more closely with the shell as it occurs in the Rochester shales of
New York than with the representatives of the species at Waldron Ind., the
latter having the plications less blunt and the sinus more pronounced.
The species has a wide distribution in the Niagaran beds, and is listed
from some of the Guelph localities in Wisconsin. It has not been found in
the Canadian Guelph. These specimens do not approach Rhynchon-
ella pisa Hall & Whitfield, the only species of the genus recognized by
Whiteaves in the Guelph fauna of Ontario [of. czt. 1895. p. 63].
Camarotoechia (?) indianensis Hall
piieny fig. 26, 27
Rhynchonella indianensis Hall, Albany Institute. Trans. 1863. 4: 215
Rhynchonella indianensis Hall, N. Y. State Mus. 28th An. Rep’t. 1879.
p. 163, pl. 26, fig. 12-22
Rhynchonella indianensis Beecher & Clarke, N. Y. State Mus. Mem.
I. | 1689. “p42, pl aytis. 17-235
This species is represented by a few specimens from the Rochester
and Shelby horizons.
It, as well as C. (?) neglecta, is decidedly more common in the chert
nodules of the upper Shelby dolomite than at Rochester. In the lower
Shelby bed it is still less frequently observed.
Camarotoechia (?) indianensis occurs freely in the Niagaran
at Waldron Ind., and at Louisville Ky., but has not been recorded in the
Niagaran beds of New York.
ruynewoTrRETA Hall. 1879
Rhynchotreta cuneata americana Hall
Plate 4, fig. 23-25
Atrypa cuneata Hall (non Dalman), Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist.
1843. table of organic remains 13, fig. 3, 4
For synonomy see Hall & Clarke, Pal. N. Y. v. 8, pt 2, p. 185
In the upper Guelph of the Oak Orchard creek section a single normal
specimen of this shell was obtained, exhibiting the cuneiform outline, con-
cave cardinal slopes and angular plications curving outward toward the
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 47
lateral margins. The plications are’not quite as prominent as in the typical
Rochester shale specimens.
This shell is widely distributed in the Niagaran of North America,
where it occurs in the Rochester shale, Waldron and Osgood beds ; but it
seems to be absent from the higher beds of the Niagaran, and has not been
observed before in the Guelph. Its appearance, though extremely rare, in
the Guelph of Oak Orchard creek, is hence worthy of notice.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA
mytizarca Hall. 1870
Mytilarca eduliformis sp. nov.
Plate s, fig. 8-10
Shells rather small, valves ovate acuminate, very narrow at the beaks,
with slightly concave anterior margins, broadly rounded at the base and at
the postlateral extremity, the posterior cardinal margin being straight.
Beaks narrow, subacute and directed forward. Surface elevated along the
umbonal ridge which runs from the beaks to the antelateral curve. From
this ridge the surface is abruptly incurved and almost vertical. Posteriorly
the slope is very much more gradual, and the ridge loses its prominence
over the basal region. The ornament is not well preserved, but patches of
the shell show fine concentric lines without other modification.
Dimensions. This description is based on two specimens, one of which
retains the valves in normal juxtaposition. The valves have a length of
20 mm and a width at three fourths their length of 15 mm.
Observations. This shell has a noteworthy resemblance in form and
contour to a small example of the living Mytilus edulis. It is pro-
visionally referred to the genus Mytilarca, though some generic distinction
may eventually be found between this and the typical upper Devonic repre-
sentative of the genus. The only American Upper Siluric species which
has heretofore been referred to Mytilarca is the M. sigillum Hall from
the Niagaran at Waldron Ind.
Mytilarca eduliformis is from the white chert at Rochester.
48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mytilarca acutirostrum Hall
Plate s, fig. 11, 12
Ambonychia acutirostra Hall. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An. Rep’t.
1867. p. 336, pl. 14, fig. 2
Ambonychia acutirostra Hall. N. Y. State Mus. 28th An. Rep’t. 1879.
Pei, pls 75 hea Te
Several internal casts of this shell, rather below medium size, were
obtained from the lower bed at Shelby. They are characterized by their
full, relatively long valves with produced, acute beaks, straight, short car-
dinal line, straight and slightly convex anterior margin which extends
almost the whole length of the valve, very convex basal and less rounded,
almost straight and oblique posterior margin, which forms an obtuse angle
with the short wing of the posterior cardinal region. The umbo is very
prominent and convex; from it a slightly elevated and distinct umbonal
ridge extends to the anterobasal angle. Thence the valve slopes evenly
toward the posterior margin, and more abruptly toward the anterior margin.
No muscular impression has been observed on the somewhat incrusted casts.
The impression of a distinct, narrow ligamental area, extending the full
length of the cardinal line, and of two oblique lateral teeth at the extreme
posterior end of the cardinal line are noticeable.
Observations. This form differs from the foregoing both in size, and
in its slightly convex anterior margin. We have identified these shells
with Ambonychia acutirostrum, a species which was described by
Hall from the limestone of the age of the Niagaran group, near Mil-
waukee. In the 28th report of the New York State Museum it is said to
be associated, in Wisconsin and Illinois, with Ambonychia aphaea,
described from Wauwatosa Wis. and Bridgeport Il. Professor Whitfield’
cites the species from the Racine beds of Racine, Greenfield, Waukesha
and Wauwatosa, and from the Guelph beds of Cedarburg, it being the only
Guelph lamellibranch mentioned besides Megalomus canadensis,
It has not been reported from the Canadian Guelph.
*Geol. Wisconsin, 2: 372-79.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 49
Hall referred his species with doubt to Ambonychia. Ulrich’ refers
the form to Mytilarca, a view which is verified by the evidence of lateral
teeth.
Mytilarca acutirostrum is, as indicated by Hall, very similar
to Myalina mytiliformis Hall from the gray Clinton limestone of
New York. From the latter species M. acutirostrum was said to differ
in its more acute beak and relatively greater width. In regard to width
our specimens are intermediate between the two species, but in the charac-
ter of its beak it is more like the western Guelph form. Foerste? has
described still another Clinton form as Mytilarca mytiliformis,
but as Halls Ambonychia mytiliformis is a Mytilarca [p. 560 of
same paper| the species should be renamed (Myt. foerstei xom.
propos.).
PTERINEA Goldfuss. 1826
Pterinea subplana Hall (sp.)
Plate 5, fig. 4
Avicula subplana Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:283, pl. 59, fig.
3a, 3b, 3¢
Internal casts from the Rochester chert and the upper horizon at
Shelby indicate a depressed right valve with long straight hinge line, beak
subanterior and not prominent, slightly projecting above the hinge line.
The ear is short and apparently rounded, the posterior wing is much
extended, obliquely truncated and set off from the body of the valve by a
low and broad depression. A long narrow cartilage pit extends from the
beak three fourths the length of the posterior cardinal line and parallel to
it. Surface with concentric lines.
The left valve shows a greater convexity and similar outline.
Avicula subplana is a Rochester shale species which has not been
reported from the Guelph of Canada or the Interior.
*Geol. Sur. Minnesota, v. 3, pt 2, p. 494.
Geol. Ohio, 7:559.
5¢ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pterinea undata Hall (sp.)
Plate 5, fig. 6
Avicula undata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:283, pl. 59, fig. 2
A single cast of the left valve. This, in its oblique form, short hinge
line, prominent umbo, and much elevated, rounded umbonal ridge, agrees
closely with this shell as described by Hall from the Rochester shale. The
concentric undulations are also indicated on the cast.
We are not aware that this species has been obtained in either the
Canadian or western Guelph. The specimen described is from the upper
Shelby dolomite.
conocarpium Bronn. 1835
Conocardium sp.
Plate s, fig. 7
Several small Conocardia, poorly preserved, have been noted in the
Guelph at Rochester. These indicate a shell somewhat similar to the little
known C. ornatum Winchell & Marcy* from the Niagaran dolomites of
Illinois, but seem to lack the sharp ornamentation of the umbonal ridge.
This ridge is greatly elevated, and the body of the shell is short, so that
both anterior and posterior slopes are steep, but the former is much the
more abrupt and is concave. The surface of the posterior slope bears nine
to 10 ribs with five to six on the anterior.
Whiteaves mentions the frequent occurrence of a small Conocardium
in the Guelph at Durham and thinks it probably an undetermined species,
but gives no clue to its characters.
mopiotorsis Hall. 1847
Cf. Modiolopsis subalata ? Hall
Modiolopsis subalatus? Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 285, pl. 59,
fig. 7
A somewhat incomplete cast of both valves, from the upper Guelph at
Oak Orchard creek, exhibits the characteristics of the Rochester shale
* Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Mem.1. 1866. p. 111, pl. 2, fig. 15.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 5I
specimens, which were identified with qualification by Hall with the Clinton
form of his species. It differs to some extent in possessing a slight depres-
sion extending forward from the umbo, which is not mentioned in the
description of M. subalata.
GASTROPODA
BeLLERoPHON Montfort. 1808
Bellerophon shelbiensis sp. nov.
Plate 5s, fig. 13-19
Bucania stigmosa? (Hall) Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, ptt,
p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 3, 3a; pl. 8, fig. 4
Not Bucania stigmosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:92, pl. 28,
fig. 8, 8a-e
Dr Whiteaves has figured from the Guelph of Galt internal casts of a
symmetric shell which he refers to as Bucania stigmosa? Hall. With
regard to these he says:
These agree perfectly with similar but better preserved casts from the
Niagara formation at Grimsby Ont., in the museum of the survey, which
have been identified with B. stigmosa by E. Billings, but in the absence
of any knowledge of the shell of the Galt specimens their determination
must be regarded as doubtful.
A considerable number of similar casts from Shelby leaves no doubt
that this form is well distinguished from Hall’s Clinton species, Bucania
stigmosa, for, besides attaining a size thrice as large, it distinctly differs
in the cross section of its whorls, which are more convex on the dorsal and
more deeply concave on the ventral side, the whorls embracing somewhat
more than in the Clinton species.
Diagnosts. Shell somewhat below medium size, having an average
diameter of 15 mm and rarely attaining more than 25 mm; consisting of
about three volutions which increase but slowly in size; whorls embracing
about one third of the hight, lowly subtriangular in cross section, with a
dorsal carina which, bearing the slit-band, becomes more prominent as
growth advances. The sides are convex, full or evenly rounded in young
stages, becoming more gently convex in later growth, abruptly sloping to
52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the umbilicus, which appears relatively large on internal casts but as indi-
cated by casts of the exterior was actually very small, the shell being con-
siderably thickened along the umbilical edge. Aperture but little expanded
laterally, broadly triangular reniform, outer lip with a shallow sinus, inner
lip not observed. Surface ornamentation not sufficiently known, apparently
consisting only of growth lines.
Flortzon. Lower Shelby dolomite.
As Whiteaves reports this species from the Guelph at Galt and from the
Niagaran formation at Grimsby Ont., it suggests itself that also in Canada
this form may appear in an early manifestation of the Guelph fauna, as
in New York. From B. tuber Hall, the only other species of Bellerophon
described from the Niagaran, B. shelbiensis differs in the laterally more
expanded aperture and the deeper sinus of the outer lip. We have no
record of the occurrence of other species of true Bellerophon in the Ameri-
can Niagaran; and, in view of the large representation of the genus in the
Lower Siluric and Devonic, it is evident that the facies in which this genus
flourished in Niagaran time has not yet been brought to notice.
Though this shell was identified by Billings and Whiteaves with a
species of Bucania, we feel justified in referring the form to Bellerophon.
In the differentiation of Bellerophon and Bucania, the character of the sur-
face sculpture is considered by various writers (de Koninck, Waagen,
Koken) of critical importance ; and this feature is not clearly exhibited in
the Shelby material, but the character of the umbilicus, and of the section of
the whorls is distinctly bellerophontid. The umbilicus has been described
above ; and the section is not flat on the dorsum and angulated at the edge,
as in the generic type of Bucania, but rounded and embracing with the edges.
All through the literature of paleozoic gastropods the distinction of Hall’s
genus Bucania from Bellerophon has been involved in much uncertainty
and doubt. Professor Hall did not originally define the genus sufficiently
to avoid misconception. It seems evident that, as suggested by Koken and
Ulrich, Hall used B. expansa as type of his genus, but, as he described
B. sulcatina as the first species of the genus, this had to be taken as
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 53
typical, and B. ex pansa has been construed as a species of Roemer’s later
genus, Salpingostoma. De Koninck and Waagen, in the endeavor to define
the genus more clearly, based it on the presence of revolving lines. Koken,
who intimates that Hall when defining the genus evidently had before him
species of the subsequently established genera, Salpingostoma and Trema-
tonotus, bases the genus on B. sulcatina and defines it by its flat dor-
sum, wide umbilicus, slightly expanded peristome and coarse, wrinkled
revolving lines, crossed and interrupted by transverse lamellae. He also
includes in this genus the Devonic and Carbonic species bearing these char-
acters, and is followed in this view by Clarke, who has described a Devonic
Bucania.* Hall, on the other hand, states? that there are no Bucanias younger
than the B. profunda (which is a Trematonotus) of the Helderbergian,
so that there obviously exists a considerable difference between Hall’s and
Koken’s conceptions of Bucania. Lindstrém, in his work on the Silurian
Gastropoda of Gothland, does not recognize the genus at all, but unites it
with Bellerophon, on the ground that it has the wide aperture in com-
mon with most of the Bellerophons, and that the wide umbilicus and the
spiral striae are not of enough importance to be of value as generic distinc-
tions. The claim of Fischer? and Lindstrém, that Hall ultimately aban-
doned the generic term Bucania and reunited the form with Bellerophon,
seems to be based on a misconception, as Hall, in Paleontology of New
York, v. 5, states only that the B. devonica is probably not Bucania,
and that this genus does not enter the Devonic.
In contrast with Lindstrém’s extreme conservatism, Ulrich places Belle-
rophon and Bucania in different families, the Bellerophontidae and
Bucaniidae, He recalls Koken’s observation as to the differences in the
aperture and surface sculpture between the “Sulcatina typus” and the
Devonic and Carbonic species, and holds the opinion that Bucania, in its
restricted sense, is “‘strictly a Silurian genus and possibly not even repre-
Paleozoic Faunas of Para.
7Pal. N. Y. v.5, pt 2.
3 Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 854.
54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
sented in the upper Silurian.” The spirally ribbed later species are united
by this author under a new generic term, Bucanopsis. As these forms do
not differ from Bellerophon in other features than the cancelation of the
surface, the genus is placed among the Bellerophontidae. To Bucanopsis
are referred the well known Hamilton species Bell. leda and B. lyra.
If our Guelph species should prove to be ornamented with spiral lines, it
would also be referable to Bucanopsis.
rremAToNotus Hall. 1868 (emend.)
Trematonotus alpheus Hall
Plate s, fig. 20-23; plate 6, fig. 1-9
Tremanotus alpheus Hall, separately printed in advance for N. Y. State Cab.
Nat. Hist. 18th An. Rep’t. 1865. p. 43
Tremanotus alpheus Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. zoth An. Rep’t. 1867.
P. 347, pl. 15, fig. 23, 24
Tremanotis alpheus McChesney, Chicago Acad. Sciences. Trans. 1859. Vv. 1,
pl. 8, fig. 4a, b
Bellerophon (Bucania) perforatus Winchell & Marcy, Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist. Mem. 1866. v. 1, no. 1, p. 108
Tremanotus alpheus Whitfield, Geol. Sur. Ohio. v. 2, Paleontology, p. 145,
pl. 8, fig. 1
Tremanotus angustatus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 70
Not Bucania chicagoensis McChesney, Description of New Species of Fos-
sil from Paleozoic Rocks of Western States (advance extr. Chicago Acad. Sci.
Trans. v. 1). 1859. p. 69, pl. 8, fig. 5a, b (plate published at a later date)
Probably Bucania angustata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 349,
pl. 84, fig. 7a-d
Of this remarkable type of symmetric gastropod structure, three speci-
mens have been observed in the material from the Guelph horizon at Roch-
ester, one from Newman’s quarry, one among the fossils from the same
horizon (upper Shelby) at Oak Orchard creek and not less than 1oo internal
and external molds in the collection from the lower Shelby bed. Two of
the Rochester specimens are in a fair state of preservation, and most of the
lower Shelby examples are excellently preserved, much better than are the
originals of the species, as they retain the surface markings and the aper-
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 55
tural expansion in neanic, ephebic and gerontic conditions. They permit,
therefore, the addition of some important facts to the description of that
species.
Description. Shell subdiscoid, involute; whorls three to four; in
section subcircular to roundly elliptic, with inner groove, the outer whorl
being impressed on the inner. The aperture has a flaring lip, which is
turned outward by rather abrupt curvature till it stands at right angles to
the axis of the body whorl and is then reflected. This lip attains, in one
specimen, in its longer axis, a length of 65 mm, and in its minor one a
length of 50mm. The inner lip was folded back over the last whorl to
such an extent that it covered about one third of it.
Most transverse sections of the shell show symmetric enrolment of the
whorls, but a few, undisturbed in their growth, evince indications of asym-
metry in early growth. This condition, however, has not been demonstrated
a normal feature.
The degree of involution seems to have been subject to some variation,
as there is some difference in the specimens in the width of the umbilicus
at full growth. In the great majority, however, the volutions embrace suf-
ficiently to make the umbilicus relatively small. The whorls are abruptly
convex around the umbilicus.
The surface ornamentation consists of about 20 coarse flat topped
revolving ridges, on each side from keel to umbilicus ; these are separated
by equally wide furrows with generally a smaller rib between them. The
ribs have a somewhat irregular undulating course, periodically swelling and
contracting, giving the surface a peculiarly irregular appearance. These
irregularities are caused by intersection with incised concentric lines,
beyond which the revolving ribs appear out of position. The ribs are also
intersected by broad, transverse folds, which curve obliquely backward
across the whorls. These are most distinct near the umbilicus and become
faint near the dorsal keel. On the outside of the peristome the ribs
become quite abruptly coarser; and in gerontic specimens they change, on
the outer lip, into broader, less keeled ribs, and the smaller intercalated
56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ribs disappear entirely, so that in such individuals the peristome bears a
very distinct ornamentation. Casts of the interior surface of the shell
demonstrate that the latter was almost entirely smooth, and bore no other
traces of the highly sculptured surface ornament than occasional very faint,
low, revolving undulations or obscure indications of the transverse ribs.
The transverse folds by which the surface sculpture is crossed, are
apparently the results of the repeated production and absorption of the
expanded mouth. The development of the latter at more or less frequent
intervals is a noteworthy difference from the earlier Siluric forms referred
by Ulrich to the genus Salpingostoma F. Roemer,’ the fundamental distinc-
tion, however, being in the character of the perforations on the slit-band,
which in Trematonotus are elliptic, with everted margins, while in Salpin-
gostoma the perforation is a single long and continuous but inclosed slit.
In T. alpheus the perforations are located on an elevated, narrow,
dorsal keel, which does not extend on the peristome, but is there followed
by a depression extending to the margin of the outer lip. To the keel cor-
responded a deep groove on the inside of the shell. The groove and per-
forations disappear where the inner lip of the peristome reclines on the
penultimate volution, and closes the perforations. The number of perfora-
tions left open varies from six to nine.
Dimensions. A large specimen with gerontic characters measures from
the outer edge of the aperture to the dorsal side of the early part of the
ultimate volution, 75 mm. The major diameter of the aperture was about
57 mm and the vertical diameter of the shell 51 mm.
Observations. The genus Tremanotus (vecte Trematonotus Fischer)
was erected by Hall as above cited for this species, the original specimens
being from the Chicago limestone. Professor Hall had earlier described
from the Guelph formation at Galt Bucania angustata,’ a species
*The type of this genus, S. macrostoma, is a middle Devonic shell. It is yet to
be demonstrated that the Trenton shells which have been referred to it are congeneric
with this species.
2Pal.N. Y. 1852. 2:340, pl. 84, fig. 6a, b.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 57
based on internal casts in a rather inferior state of preservation. Dr
Whiteaves holds this fossil to be identical with T. alpheus, and while
this is probably true, conclusive evidence of the exterior and apertural
characters of the Canadian Guelph specimens still fails us, and we have no
recourse except to continue the recognition of the term here adopted. It
has been contended that McChesney’s name, Bucania chicagoensis,
has priority over T. alpheus, the description having been published in
advance of that of the latter, but it was unaccompanied by illustration at
its first description, and the original figure shows it to be a much larger
and more widely umbilicated shell. On the same plate with this figure are
others referred by McChesney to T. alpheus.
Whiteaves was inclined to believe that all three may be found identi-
cal with T. dilatatus Sowerby, because Billings had identified a speci-
men from the Niagaran of L’Anse 4 la Vieille on the Bay of Chaleurs,
and another from “ Division 2” of the Anticosti group, with that species.
A comparison of our material with Sowerby’s excellent figures and McCoy’s
more complete description convinces us that the form in hand is distinct
from the Ludlow and Wenlock species, for, while the dimensions and
the surface sculpture appear to be alike in the two, the whorl section is
markedly distinct. This is evinced by the flat dorsum of the whorls and
the broad but low cast of the aperture in Sowerby’s figure, and by McCoy’s
statement’ that the section of each whorl is twice as wide as long. In the
specimens of T. alpheus from Shelby, the proportion of width to
hight is, in the inner volutions, as 3:2, in the ephebic volution however,
only as 5:4. This volution is, therefore, relatively much higher than in the
English form. In this character our material agrees fully with Hall’s type
of T. alpheus. On the other hand, the single specimen which served
as representative of this species in Hall & Whitfield’s description of its
occurrence in Ohio,? possesses lower volutions, it being described as having
the lateral diameter of its whorls nearly double that of the dorsoventral
t British Paleozoic Fossils, p. 309.
2 Pal. Ohio, 2: 145.
58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
diameter. It is also much more widely umbilicated and the outer volu-
tions embrace the inner ones for about one half their width. As the
large series of New York specimens are quite uniform in their relatively
high volutions, it seems to us that the specimen from Genoa O., repre-
sents another type and approaches Trematonotus chicagoensis
McChesney, which (in its restricted definition) possesses only low volutions
and a very wide umbilicus.
Trematonotus alpheus is very nearly related to T. longi-
tudinalis Lindstrém, which has cylindric volutions, a like surface orna-
mentation and an equal degree of umbilication. It differs however in hav-
ing a relatively much greater expansion of the lateral peristome and shorter
outer lip; and T. alpheus does not exhibit the distinct dorsal ridge of
the outer lip in continuation of the slit band, and the corresponding sinua-
tion of the margin of the outer lip. Lindstrém regarded his species most
nearly related to T. trigonostoma Hall & Whitfield, evidently
because only incomplete casts of the more closely related T. alpheus,
had been figured at the time of his study.
The peculiar preservation of the majority of the specimens as molds is
evidently the same as in the Gothland material, for the principal figure given
by Lindstrém illustrates the same mode of preservation. Failure to prop-
erly interpret this figure led Koken to the misconception that it represents
the inside of the aperture, and he has stated,’ in his elaborate research
Ueber die Entwickelung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bes zur Trias,
that Trematonotus has on the aperture internal folds, which show no rela-
tion to the outside sculpture. Our material shows how easily this miscon-
ception could arise. The wrinkled sculpture is actually that of the outside
of the aperture, and the inside of the aperture was nearly smooth.
We need not emphasize here the significance of the discovery of this
species in New York at a horizon corresponding to its occurrence in
Canada and Illinois. We fail to find the form cited among the Guelph
fossils of Wisconsin; among the Racine fossils, however, there is listed
‘Neues Jahrb. Beilagebnd. 1888-89. p. 386.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 59
Bucania angusta’ (inerror for angustata), which probably is a
synonym of T. alpheus, as stated above. Hall also? mentions the
occurrence of Bucania angustata at Racine, stating that the speci-
men is indistinguishable from the species occurring at Galt. The early
appearance of this form in the Racine beds of Wisconsin seems to us quite
significant in view of the abundant appearance of T. alpheus in the
lower Shelby dolomite.
piaPpHoRostoma Fischer. 1885
Diaphorostoma niagarense Hall (sp.)
Plate ro, fig. 14-16
Platyostoma niagarensis Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 287,
pl. 60, fig. ra—v
Two very young specimens from Rochester and four equally small
ones from the upper Guelph at Shelby, exhibit in profile, shape of volu-
tions, aperture and surface markings, the characteristic features of D.
niagarense. The largest of these specimens possesses a broad, shallow
depression on the middle of the body whorl, where the growth lines are
distinctly sinuate.
This form occurs in various exposures of the Rochester shale within
the State of New York, and also in more robust development at Waldron
Ind. It is not reported from the Guelph formation, nor has it been recog-
nized from the Coralline limestone of eastern New York.
POLEUMITA NOM. NOV.
In 1876 Munier-Chalmas introduced? the generic term Oriostoma
(-Horiostoma) for certain French Lower Devonic shells which have been
more fully explicated by Oehlert and Barrois. Lindstrém,* after com-
parison of the Gothland shells with the French species regarded both
congeneric, admitting however a dissimilarity in the abundant presence
*Gevul. Wisconsin, 2:375.
2N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t. 1867. p. 346.
3 Jour. de Conchyliologie, 16 : 103.
4The Silurian Gastropoda and Pteropoda of Gotland.
60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of opercula among the Swedish shells, which have not been observed
with typical species of Horiostoma—an argument to which little weight
can be given. Horiostoma, however, was described as having the final
whorl free about the aperture though only for a short distance, a feature
which is not specifically noted by Lindstrém for the Siluric species.
Koken has expressed’ the belief that there is a palpable difference in the
typical Horiostoma (H. konincki Oehlert) and the species referred by
Lindstrém to that genus, and regards the former as related to the capulids,
while the latter are derivable by easy stages from Euomphalus. Koken
has proposed to denominate the Swedish Horiostomas by the term Poly-
tropis de Koninck, introduced for Carbonic shells in 1881. As this name
however was employed by Sandberger in 1874 for an entirely different
group of Gastropods, its use is not permissible.
Koken has not made out a very forcible argument for the distinction
of these genera; and our impulse is to array the species from the Guelph
which we are about to discuss, under Munier-Chalmas’s genus. Admitting
however the dependability of Koken’s inferences, there remains no place
here for the term Polytropis which he has applied to the Swedish species
and which Whiteaves, following that proposition, has also employed for
species of the Guelph of Ontario. Hence we have introduced the name
Poleumita, basing its characters as a genus on the species which is most
abundant in the Guelph horizon at Rochester, P. scamnata.
Poleumita scamnata sp. nov.
Plate 9, fig. 1-8, 10, 12-15
Shell turbinate, with spire more or less depressed, there being in this
respect a notable variation among the individuals; whorls five to six, sub-
circular to subovate in section, very slightly overlapped by succeeding volu-
tions, on the contrary separated by a broad and deep suture, above which
the whorls stand up prominently. The form of the whorl does not vary
materially with growth, but the suture and its excavated or flattened outer
slope become more conspicuous though relatively no larger on the later
* Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. Beilageband 6. 1889. p. 425, 477.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 61
whorls. Near the aperture the last whorl is distinctly free from the preced-
ing. Aperture circular, not thickened; umbilicus round and deep. Surface
bearing a series of about 20 fine, elevated, flat topped and continuous ridges,
of which about 15 are on the outer and upper slope of the whorl. These
are separated, except near the suture, by flat grooves of subequal size and
wider than the ridges.
The excavated slope to the suture occupies the width of two or three
of these intervals, and on this faint traces of the revolving lines may some-
times be observed. On the umbilical surface the revolving ridges are more
prominent than elsewhere and more widely separated. At times these
ridges appear to be faintly grooved at their summits. All these ridges are
crossed by fine, imbricating or tilelike, concentric striae which are caught
back at the summits and are most sharply evident in the intervening fur-
rows. These lines are specially noticeable over the sutural slope where
they are faintly festooned by the obsolete revolving lines, and again toward
the umbilicus. At the aperture of adult shells they are closely crowded.
Dimensions. A typical example of the species measures as follows:
hight (apex to lower margin of aperture) 28 mm; basal diameter 31 mm,
i. €. aratio in these dimensions of nearly 1:1. Another example has a
hight of 20 mm, basal diameter of 35, a ratio of 4:7, indicating a very
depressed spire.
Observations. This beautiful species is the most common of all the
gastropods of the Rochester fauna, and also occurs in the upper horizon at
Shelby, but has not been found in the lower bed. All the specimens
before us indicate remarkable uniformity except in the degree of elevation
of the spire. The species is probably related to the shell Whiteaves has
identified with Euomphalus (1884), Polytropis (1895) macrolin-
eatus Whitfield, from the Guelph at Elora and Durham, Ont., but differs
therefrom in proportions of the whorls, depth of suture and apparently in
the character of the ridges of the surface. While we are unable to find
closer agreement in the Canadian and New York species, we are disposed
OPS Ge Sie Rr Jue tie, soll By, te, (op
62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
to believe that the former could hardly with safety be referred to the large,
very coarsely ridged shell which Whitfield described* as Euomphalus
macrolineatus from the dolomites at Manitowoc Wis. In size and sur-
face characters P. scamnata approaches very closely Lindstrém’s H ori-
ostoma lineatum,’ having the same sculpture throughout, but the
latter has its spire greatly depressed and the body whorl attached at
the aperture.
Poleumita (?) sulcata Hall (sp.)
Plate 10, fig. 1-4
Cyclonema sulcata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:347, pl. 84,
fig. ra-d
Trochonema (Pleurotomaria) pauper Hall, New York State Cab. Nat.
Hist. zoth An. Rep’t. 1867. p.343, (plas, h¢. 5, 6,9
Cyclonema sulcatum Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1, p. 18,
pl. 3, fig. 5
Polytropis sulcatus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 89,
pl. 13, fig. 9, 9a
The original of this species was a shell from the ‘Onondaga Salt
group, Newark, Wayne co., N. Y.”. With it were described other speci-
mens obtained by Professor Hall on his visit to the Canadian Guelph
localities in 1848. The early illustrations, which are not altogether satis-
factory for the requirements of identification among so many similar shells,
have been supplemented by the figures given by Whiteaves as above cited.
The species appears to be among the rarer gastropods of the Guelph forma-
tion, but in the Rochester material we find several examples of it, some of
them preserving the detail excellently, and we also have the same spe-
cies from the dolomites of the upper Guelph at Shelby. Whiteaves has
redescribed the species in full, and we find no pronounced disagreement
therewith among our shells. Characteristic of it are (1) the notable ele-
vation of the spire, which is considerably greater than the basal diameter
* Geol: Wisconsin, 4: 294, pl. 18, fig. 5, 6.
2 Silurian Gastropoda, p. 173, pl. 20, fig. 42-44.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 63
and gives the shell the aspect of a true Cyclonema, (2) the deep suture,
with broadly excavated outer slope, (3) the differentials of the surface
sculpture, which over the body or outer convexity of the whorl consists of
fine, subequal, elevated, revolving lines, increasing by intercalation. Near
the suture two of these are stronger and wide apart, and on the umbilical
surface four are specially emphasized, being larger and more distant than
any of the rest. In all, the mature shell carries 20 to 25 revolving lines,
which are crossed by fine, crowded and rather indistinct concentric growth
lines, most palpable on the final whorl. The final whorl is apparently
slightly detached at the aperture as in P. scamnata, but the aperture
itself is not well retained in any of our specimens.
There is certainly very little difference in the characters of this species
as we now apprehend it and the shell figured by Hall as Trochonema
(Pleurotomaria) pauper from the Racine limestone at Racine.
There is a striking discrepancy between the description of that species and
its illustration which may be due wholly to the fact that the drawing was
made from material not accessible when the description was printed. S. A.
Miller,* for reasons not evident, has ranked this species as a synonym for
Pleurotomaria halei Hall, but this is unquestionably erroneous.
Notwithstanding the resemblance of this shell to Cyclonema, we find
that it is kept from that association by the presence of a deep though nar-
row umbilicus, and perhaps also by the coexistence of opercula which
Whiteaves has discovered but which have not yet been recorded as occurring
in Cyclonema. The apparent detachment of the final whorl at the aperture
and the loose coiling evinced by the very deep suture in all these shells
constitute another difference from Cyclonema in which the whorls distinctly
embrace each other.
t Cat. Paleozoic Fossils, p. 422.
Hiab}
64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Poleumita crenulata Whiteaves (sp.)
Plate 9, fig. 9, 11, 16-24
Straparollus crenulatus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 8a, b
Polytropis crenulatus Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 91
Dr Whiteaves states that he had but two specimens of this species in
the collections from the Guelph at Durham, and from these he drew his
description. In the Arey collection are upwards of 30 specimens, which
show that the species is specially characteristic of this eastern development
of the Guelph. About half as many have been collected in the lower
bed at Shelby but none at all obtained from the upper Guelph horizon,
where P. scamnata was found in considerable number. This abundant
material does not qualify the very clear and full description of the species
given by Whiteaves, which we here reproduce. Our larger series, however,
shows that wider variations exist in the elevation of the spire and surface
sculpture, as the few specimens from Durham would indicate.
Shell turbinate, compressed vertically, hight one third less than the
maximum breadth; whorls three to four [5]; spire short, about one third
the entire hight, somewhat conical, its volutions being obliquely rounded ;
suture excavated ; body whorl compressed vertically both above and below,
ventricose and inflated in the middle; umbilicus about one third the diam-
eter of the base, very deep and exposing all the inner whorls up to the apex;
mouth nearly circular but narrower above and very slightly emarginated or
indented by the penultimate whorl; outer lip apparently thin and simple,
convex above and obliquely convex below. Surface marked by a few nar-
row and not very prominent spiral ridges which are crossed obliquely by
numerous flexuous crenulated raised ridges or lamellae. On the outer half
of the body whorl there are about seven or eight of these spiral ridges, four
above and either three or four below the middle. The upper ones, one of
which is placed very close to the periphery, are distant and rather clearly
defined, but the lower ones are close together and extremely indistinct.
These latter two are exclusively confined to the outer portion of the base,
and disappear altogether before reaching the umbilical margin. The crenu-
lated raised lines, however, which cross the whorls obliquely, are as strongly
marked in and around the umbilicus as they are on the central and upper
portions of the body whorl, and they are much more numerous as well as
more closely disposed than the spiral ridges.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 65
While a few examples show the same ratio of spire to body whorl
(2:3) as that given by Whiteaves, many of the specimens from Rochester
have a decidedly more elevated spire, which sometimes nearly equals in
hight the diameter of the body whorl. The surface sculpture oscillates
between the entire development of the revolving ridges and the suppres-
sion of the transverse ridges, and the reverse, but mostly consists of quite
regular, coarse, sinuous and squamose transverse ridges.
Dimensions. An average well preserved shell has a hight of 30 mm
and a basal diameter of 39 mm.
Observations. There is no likelihood of confounding this with any
other described form. The general type of surface is of the same plan as
that of P.scamnata, but the sparseness of the revolving ridges and the
greater prominence of the concentric markings are pronounced. The
species is clearly of the same generic character as P. scamnata, but here
we fail to observe on any specimen evidence of the detachment of the
body whorl at the aperture.
COELIDIUM NOM. NOV.
Coelidium macrospira Hall (sp.)
Plate 7, fig. 2-8; Plate ro, fig. 13
Murchisonia macrospira Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:346,
pl. 83, fig. 5
Murchisonia loganii Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:346, pl. 84,
fig. 4a, 4b
Murchisonia macrospira Billings in Logan’s, Geology of Canada. 1863.
P. 339, fig. 334
Murchisonia macrospira Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1875.
p- 79, pl. 3, fig. 9
Murchisonia macrospira Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1,
p. 27, pl. 4, fig. 7, 7a
Murchisonia logani Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 80
Murchisonia macrospira Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 81
In describing the fossils which he had collected from Galt and vicinity,
Professor Hall applied the name Murchisonia loganii to a turriti-
66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
form specimen of the internal cast, showing in part the rounded whorls,
I1 Or 12 in number, and partly exposing the inner surface of the whorls.
At the same time he applied the name M. macrospira to an external
mold of moderately large size and of similar angle to M. lo ganii but pre-
senting whorls simply and rather sharply angulated by the peripheral slit
band. It has been questioned by Whiteaves whether any distinction
between such bodies can or should be made. On consideration of the
material representing these shells in the Rochester and Shelby collections,
in most cases clear cut internal casts present rounded whorls save in the
mature growth of the shell, such casts of the later volutions preserving the
angularity at the periphery. At times however this obscurity of angulation
on the cast is manifested on all whorls. It therefore seems probable that
but a single species is represented by these two names, and of these it is
M. macrospira which should be employed, as this is the name given to
the external mold on which the species characters are best expressed. The
species is represented by a number of specimens from Rochester, a large
example from the upper Shelby dolomite and several small specimens from
the lower horizon.
The illustrations here given show the angularity of the lower whorls,
on which the slit band stands out prominently at the periphery, being nar-
rowly convex, with elevated, thin margin not rising to the hight of the sur-
face of the band. Of the whorls, which may be 10 in number, the last four
show this angularity with increasing distinctness, but the earlier whorls
even when well preserved present only a rounded surface. The slit band
lies almost centrally on the whorl, but the overlap by later growth makes it
appear below the middle except on the final whorl. The slope on the upper
part of the whorl to the slit band is more direct and less convex than below.
The concentric surface lines slope directly backward about the periphery
but show a curvature on the umbilical surface. The apical angle is from
20° to 25°. The direction of the suture is quite transverse; form of
aperture not observed. Umbilicus narrow but open to the apex of the
shell.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 67
The term Coelocaulus was introduced by Oehlert in 1888 for Devonic
species of these Murchisonias; and Murchisonia logani has, on
the basis of Hall’s original figure, been referred to that genus by Ulrich."
The name was however preoccupied by Hall for a genus of Bryozoa;
but recognizing the usefulness of the distinction intended, we have sug-
gested the term here employed, Coelidium. Coelidium is pretty clearly
distinguished from forms referred to Hormotoma by the more depressed
whorls (when round), the less oblique suture and extended aperture and the
perforate axis.
Coelidium macrospira, originally described from the Guelph of
Ontario, has also been recognized among the fossils of the Guelph beds of
Wisconsin.
Coelidium cf. vitellia Billings
Plate 7, fig. 9, x0
Murchisonia vitellia Billings, Paleozoic Fossils. 1865. 1: 156, fig. 138
Murchisonia vitellia Nicholson, Paleontology Prov. of Ontario. 1875. p. 3,
fig. 6
Murchisonia vitellia Whiteaves. Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v.3, pt 2, p. 80
In the material from Rochester is a single incrusted shell of a rather
large species of this genus with relatively short and stout spire presenting
an apical angle of 45° to 50°. Through the incrustation of the surface the
whorls show a low carination, and the vertical section which reveals the
open axis of the shell also indicates the angularity of the whorls at the
position of the slit band. This specimen bears six volutions. It is a shorter
and stouter shell than C. macrospira, and, of the various species of
Murchisonia with Coelidium characters which have been described from
the Guelph fauna, this approaches most closely to Billings’s species M
vitellia from Galt, both in the angle of the spire and the number and
form of the whorls.
Geol. Sur. Minnesota. Paleontology. 1897. v. 3, pt 2, p. 1019.
HiaAb is |
68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
gotomaRr1a Ulrich. 1897
Eotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves (sp.)
Plate 10, fig. 17
Pleurotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3,
pt 1, p. 2403p). 4, figy2
Pleurotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3,
pt 2, p. 77
. Two internal casts in a not very favorable state of preservation, the
larger composed of a spire of five whorls, have been found in the dolomites
of this horizon at Rochester and are referred to this species on account of
the slow increase of the whorls, the acuminate character of the apex, the
obliquely flattened upper side of the whorls and the indication of the for-
mer presence of a deep umbilicus. The description of P. durhamensis
was based on a single specimen, and that of P. galtensis, which is allied
to it but differs in its more depressed spire, on not many more; Whit-
eaves has suggested that the former may prove to be only a variety of the
latter. The difference is however a persistent one.
This and the P. galtensis are here referred to the genus Eotoma-
ria, one of the divisions erected by Ulrich for forms heretofore comprised
under Pleurotomaria, a genus which, it is asserted by that author, when
restricted to forms agreeing closely with the original type is not found in
the Paleozoic.
Eotomaria areyi sp. nov.
Plate 8, fig. 2
This is a large and robust shell bearing somewhat the expression of
P. galtensis Billings,’ but its proportions are larger, stouter and distinct
in certain other details.
Shell depressed conic, broader than high, the thick spire being but
slightly elevated ; apical angle between 85° and 90°; whorls five, increasing
slowly in size; suture not deeply impressed, as the upper surface of the
whorls slopes gradually to the preceding ones; but on the casts there is a
™Geol. Sur. Canada. Paleozoic Fossils. 1862. 1:154, fig. 136. See Whiteaves, Pale-
ozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 75, pl. 11, fig. 7.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 69
deep furrow along the suture line. The upper slope of the early whorls is
moderately convex, but assumes a gently sigmoidal contour on the body
whorl, the upper part being gently convex, the lower concave, markedly so
directly above the slit band. This band forms a rather narrow groove with
projecting sides a little above the middle of the whorl; on the casts it appears
as a quite prominent ridge, and passing on the spire a little above the suture
line. Periphery of whorls slightly convex, nearly vertical, umbilical surface
strongly convex; umbilicus small, only about one sixth of the diameter
of the base of the shell; surface marked by fine crowded growth lines,
which curve strongly backward at the slit band but on the under side con-
verge directly toward the umbilicus; aperture not observed.
There is no satisfactory evidence of revolving ridges on the surface.
Dimensions. The best preserved example has a hight of 38 mm, basal
width of 47mm. Another, an incrusted specimen, has a hight of 43 mm, a
basal width of 47 mm.
Our Rochester material has afforded but two examples of the shell,
which we find to differ from the still imperfectly known P. galtensis, not
alone in size, but also (1) in the thick and depressed spire, (2) in the profile
of the whorls, which are less acute than in P. galtensis and have a dif-
ferent curvature of surface, (3) in the distinct umbilication of the shell,
Whiteaves having stated that P. galtensis is imperforate. A still
more depressed and broader shell of apparently this group of species is
P. (Eotomaria) halei Hall from Racine Wis. and Bridgeport Ill., and
t See N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t, p. 364.
ee:
70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
in the opposite line of variation to an acuminate spire is P. (Eotomaria)
laphami Whitfield* from the Niagaran at Ashford Wis.
Eotomaria kayseri sp. nov.
Plate 7, fig. 1; plate & fig. x
The presence of still another species of the genus in the Guelph of
Rochester is indicated by two internal casts, one of them pretty well pre-
served. These are of relatively large size, with stout whorls, apical angles
about 75°, spire elevated, three whorls preserved. The suture is deeply
impressed, the whorls overlapping not quite to the periphery. Surface of
the whorls full, expanded, prominent on the slit band, which is narrow
and elevated and bounded above by a similar ridge in close juxtaposition.
On the outer whorl the surface slopes rather directly from suture to periph-
ery or may be slightly concave between the peripheral ridge mentioned
and another low ridge just outside of the suture. The lower or basal
surface is evenly and moderately convex, not ventricose. The exposed
parts of the earlier whorls are quite regularly convex, though showing
evidence of the revolving ridges. The shell appears from the cast to have
been distinctly umbilicate, though the umbilicus is quite narrow.
The hight of the best preserved shell (allowing for the apical whorls)
is 53 mm; width across the base 48 mm.
Eotomaria galtensis Billings (sp.)
Plate ro, fig. 10-12
Pleurotomaria galtensis Billings, Paleozoic Fossils. 1862. 1:154, fig. 136
Pleurotomaria galtensis Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 75, pl. 11, fig. 7
Specimens referable to this species, were collected in the upper and
lower Guelph of Oak Orchard creek.
Both show the characteristics of the internal and external casts on which
Billings based the description of his species, viz depressed conic profile
corresponding to an apical angle of about 100°, nearly flat upper side of
*Geol. Wisconsin. 1879. 3: 296.
—
a
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK WM
the volution, angular margins and the rather depressed lower side. The
impression of the exterior verifies the observation of Whiteaves as to the
external characters of this species and exhibits a nearly flat or only very
gently convex upper slope, a vertical carination near the base of the upper
whorls and a slit band, appearing as a spiral ridge which is concave on the
apical and convex on the umbilical side. A difference from the exterior
view given by Whiteaves exists in the position of the slit band, which lies
below the mid-hight of the last volution. In the original drawing by
Billings it lies at mid-hight, so that there is evidently slight variation of
this feature. The surface is described by Whiteaves as having been appar-
ently smooth; the specimen in hand shows only faint recurving growth
lines on the shell fragments of the upper side of the whorls.
topHosrira Whitfield. 1886
Lophospira bispiralis Hall (sp.)
Plate 10, fig. 6-9
Pleurotomaria bispiralis Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2:348,
pl. 84, fig. 2a, 2b
Pleurotomaria bispiralis Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
Pp. 74
This species was described from a single specimen obtained by Profes-
sor Hall at Galt; and Whiteaves reports that it is not otherwise known
except in the reidentification of the species by Billings. The recorded
examples are known to be poorly preserved, but the original, which was an
external mold, shows quite distinctly features presented by three very good
examples from the Rochester localities. The original description of the
species is as follows: “ Volutions about four or five, rapidly increasing from
the apex, subangular, and marked above and on one side by thin, sharp
carinae or spiral elevated lines.” It is evident, on comparison with the
better material in hand, that the spiral elevated lines here referred to repre-
sent the narrow slit band, which is very prominent on the periphery. The
early whorls bear a sharp keel halfway between the suture and periphery,
but on the final whorl this becomes quite obsolete. Present material allows
2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
a more precise definition of the characters of the species than could be
given by its author.
Diagnosts. Shell of medium size, turbinate conic, a little higher than
broad; spire elevated, hight greater than the basal diameter of the body
whorl; apical angle 60°, base imperforate (?); suture deeply impressed,
increasing outward in obliquity; earlier whorls overlapped by the later for
one half the interval between the slit band and the base; volutions about
five, subangular, slit band narrow with elevated margins, at or just above
the middle of the whorl. The body whorl has a gently convex, almost
direct slope from the suture to the slit band, but is convex and subventri-
cose below the periphery. On the earlier whorls the depression of the
upper surface is more pronounced, and the concavity is divided by a sharply
developed keel or single ridge. A narrow, rather obscure and nearly vertical
band runs along the suture. Surface marked by fine, irregularly concentric
lines which cross the carina without interruption but are directed backward
and are caught up at the slit band. On casts the carina and the slit band
are indicated by rather low, rounded ridges.
Aperture unknown.
Observations. The angularity and prominence of the whorls in this
species show its close approach to forms of Murchisonia having the expres-
sion of M. hespelerensis Whiteaves, and in this respect it is in har-
mony with Pleurotomaria durhamensis, these two _ species
differing chiefly in the degree of elevation of the spire.
Besides the larger specimens from Rochester six smaller ones were
obtained from the lower Shelby layer, and these distinctly exhibit the keel
of the upper side of the whorl and the spiral elevated lines of the slit
band. The upper Shelby dolomite has furnished no examples of the
species.
noRMoToMA Salter. 1859
Hormotoma whiteavesi sp. nov.
Plate 8, fig. 5-9
Shell long, slender, terete and acuminate, its entire length being
nearly four times the diameter of the body whorl. Apical angle 18°-20°.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 73
Volutions 9-10. These are but slightly overlapped, their exposed surfaces
thus being quite regularly convex; the upper slope is slightly flattened or
depressed to the obscure slit band. The sutural slopes are deep, the suture
itself narrowly impressed, the edge of the lower whorl being slightly
depressed against the whorl above. Umbilicus covered. Aperture oblique
or subfusiform in outline. Inner lip somewhat thickened, outer lip with a
deep linguiform emargination at its upper third. This is the edge of the
slit band, which is a gently depressed sulcus without sharp margins, at which
the surface lines are bent deeply backward. This band is evident on all
whorls even on internal casts as an obscure flattening modifying the contour
of the shell. The surface bears a multitude of fine and crowded, somewhat
irregularly concentric lines, which are profoundly reflexed at the slit band
but seem to be continuous over that area. On the lower slope of the body
whorl is evidence of a second revolving band, which does not, however, effect
any change in the direction of the concentric growth lines. Thisis a feature
which is well defined only in a single specimen other examples, whether
exteriors or internal casts, not showing it.
Dimensions. The most complete example before us has a length of
85 mm, a width at the base of 28 mm. A large specimen, incomplete
at the apex, had a probable length of 100 mm and a basal diameter of
30 mm.
Observations. This graceful and striking species is one of the most
abundant organisms in the Guelph horizon at Rochester. The Arey collec-
tion contains 25 or 30 specimens which are either internal casts in white
chert or retain the shell more or less completely in pulverulent white silica
with dolomitic interiors. The species has also been obtained in the upper
Shelby horizon.
Shells of similar character to this have been already described from the
Guelph fauna. Dr.Whiteaves has given figure and description* of an
internal cast having similar outline and contour to H. whiteavesi though
of smaller size, and this he has identified with the Loxonema magnum
* Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1, p. 173 1895. pt 2, p. 87.
74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Whitfield from the Guelph dolomites of Carlton township, Wisconsin." This
so called Loxonema, however, is a species of large proportions (Whitfield
states that the probable length estimated from the two whorls which consti-
tute the original specimen was fully 8 inches), rather square shouldered
whorls and so far as known, smooth surface. The fine preservation of the
Rochester specimens does not justify the reference of them to either Loxo-
nema or to this species provided it prove a Loxonema. We have little
doubt that the Guelph shell figured by Whiteaves (specimens are from Galt,
Hespeler and Elora) as Lox. magnum is specifically identical with, if
smaller, than the New York specimens of Horm. whiteavesi, and we
propose therefore the change of name here adopted, taking however as the
type specimens of the species those we have here figured.
The generic term Hormotoma which was introduced by Salter for Mur-
chisonias of terete form and rounded whorls has been quite generally placed
by authors back among the synonyms of Murchisonia. Lindstrém so treats
it and at the same time employs the term Loxonema for shells in which
among the longitudinal sinuous lines are extremely fine and crowded.
macrocuitina Bayle. 1880
Macrochilina sp. indet.
Plate 10, fig. 18
This is a very diminutive shell from the Rochester Guelph, with sub-
equally rounded oblique whorls, three in number, the last rapidly increasing
in hight, but all relatively narrow. In these respects it is unlike the various
species described (mostly by Billings) as Holopea from various Canadian
localities of the Guelph. The surface so far as preserved appears to be
smooth and without slit band.
* Geol. Wisconsin, 4: 317, pl. 24, fig. 1.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 75
TrocHonemA Salter. 1859
Trochonema cf. fatuum Hall
Plate 10, fig. 5
Trochonema (Eunema) fatua Hall. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An.
Rept. 1867. p. 345, pl. 15, fig. 7, 8
The upper Shelby dolomite has afforded a single imperfect example,
comprising parts of the ultimate and penultimate whorls which bear the
expression of the species cited above, showing a very broad peripheral
band with raised margins and somewhat depressed surface, a direct slope
above this band which is about as wide as the band itself, and a gently con-
vex surface beneath. Faint concentric lines may be seen on the surface of
this cast.
The original of this species is described from the Racine dolomites at
Racine Wis. It is also cited* as occurring in the Guelph at Cedarburg
Wis., but it is not recorded in the Canadian Guelph.
EUOMPHALUS SOwerby. 1812
Euomphalus fairchildi sp. nov.
Plate 8, fig. 3, 4
Shell of medium size, discoidal, with the apex of the spire depressed
below the summit of the body whorl and lying almost in a horizontal plane.
Volutions four to five; all in contact, but no impressed zone is formed,
and at or near the aperture the body whorl seems to become almost
detached. On the cast these volutions are free. Whorls oval in section,
one third higher than wide; outer slope depressed convex and broad, upper
side obscurely subangular, lower more broadly rounded; aperture appar-
ently oval, not thickened, with a broad emargination on the upper side;
umbilicus wide, exposing all the whorls.
Surface covered with sharp and fine, rugose concentric lines, which
curve forward over the broad peripheral surface of the whorls and make a
*Geol. Wisconsin, 2: 380.
76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
rather sharp and deep retral curve at the summit of the whorl, indicating
the position of the apertural notch.
Dimensions. Two specimens, both of which were collected at Roches-
ter, have a greatest width of 38 mm, and the body whorl near the aperture
has a hight of 18 mm.
Observations. No species of similar habit and expression has been
described from the Guelph fauna. Billings’s two species, Straparollus
hippolyta and S. daphne, from the dolomites at Galt are small shells
with elevated spires; S. mopsus Hall'from the Racine limestone at Racine
is smaller and has cylindric volutions; its surface markings are not known;
S. niagarensis Hall & Whitfield? has revolving ridges on the whorls.
The resemblance of the species is however extremely close to certain
expressions of E. gotlandicus Lindstrom.? Lindstrém has maintained
that individuals of a given species of Euomphalus may have their whorls
contiguous throughout or be evolute in varying degree. Hence to this spe-
cies, E. gotlandicus, he has referred a series presenting all phases in
the unwinding of the whorl, thus embracing within the same species the
conditions typical of both Euomphalus and Eccyliomphalus. With the
involute expression of this species the agreement of E. fairchildi is so
close as fully to justify identification were the evolute condition of the
species eliminated, for this is not expressed in any of the specimens before
us. We are however disposed to follow Lindstrém’s valuation of the genus
Euomphalus and have hence employed the designation in preference to Mr
Ulrich’s equivalent construction of the later term Eccyliomphalus and the
common and freer employment of Straparollus, in which the whorls are
impressed and the evolute condition less complete.
Named for H. L. Fairchild, professor of geology, University of
Rochester.
*N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t, p. 342, pl. 15, fig. 21, 22.
*'Pal) Ohio. 1875, 2: 144.
3The Silurian Gastropoda and Pteropoda of Gotland, p. 139, pl. 13, fig. 19-31, spe-
cially fig. 20-22
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 77),
CEPHALOPODA
orTHocERAs Breyn 1732
Orthoceras trusitum sp. nov.
Plate x0, fig. 25, 26; plate 13, fig. r-10
Shell straight, thick, regular, slender, tapering at an angle of 10°; of
moderate size, diameter of largest fragment 38 mm, transverse section cir-
cular or subelliptic. Septa closely arranged, regularly and moderately con-
cave, their depth approximately equaling that of the camerae; about 6 mm
distant at the largest diameter, 3 mm distant when the shell has a diameter of
25 mm, 2.2 mm when the latter is 15 mm and about 1 mm at the apical end.
The sutures are not straight, have a broad saddle on the ventral side but
on the opposite side are nearly transverse. Siphuncle very small (3 mm
where the diameter of the chamber is 26 mm), tubular and ventrocentren.
The living chamber shows the same degree of tapering as the septate por-
tion of the shell. The aperture has not been observed. The surface is
usually entirely smooth, but when well preserved shows a very faint and
fine longitudinal striation. In the largest specimen observed these lines
are I.5 mm apart and consist of broad flat ridges with narrow furrows
between.
One of these specimens was labeled by Mr Arey, Orthoceras sel-
wyni Billings. This is probably the specimen so listed in the provisional
enumeration of fossils given by the discoverer. While it is true that the
specimens under consideration have the same apical angle and depth of
camerae as Billings’s measurements of that species indicate, the siphuncle of
O. selwyni is moniliform, with discoid inflations between the septa, and
lies at a short distance from the ventral margin. According to Whiteaves
the original specimen of this species is a very imperfect cast and the species
therefore incompletely characterized.
There is some justification for comparing these specimens to O. sc am-
moni McChesney. The somewhat complicated synonymy of this form
given by Whiteaves shows that it has passed under various names, as
78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
O. columnare and O.angulatum Hall, and has even been described
under four different names by McChesney himself. A comparison with
the descriptions and figures given by these authors indicates that that
shell has the same rate of tapering as O. trusitum and the same
small cylindric ventrocentren siphuncle. The septa show about the same
convexity but in all the figured specimens are farther apart than in
O. trusitum.
The surface sculpture of O. angulatum and O. scammoni is
described as consisting of angular, equidistant, longitudinal ribs about one
line distant when the shell is an inch in diameter. Such ribs are not
observable in any of the New York specimens.
In the collection from Rochester is a single short fragment which
has a much slower rate of tapering (6°), the siphuncle is relatively large
and only 1 mm distant from the ventral margin at a diameter of 8 mm,
and the septa are very closely arranged, 1.5 mm apart at the same diameter.
It is possible that this specimen represents the apical part of O. selwyni,
though there is too little known of this specimen on the one hand and that
species on the other, to assert the identity positively.
Orthoceras trusitum is represented by a large number of
fragments (upward of 30) from the Rochester Guelph and is of relatively
frequent occurrence in the lower Shelby dolomite. In the upper Shelby
bed it is rarer.
Orthoceras rectum Worthen
Plate x2, fig. 9
Orthoceras rectum Worthen, Geology of Illinois. 1875. 6:504, pl. 26, fig. 3
Orthoceras crebescens Hall & Whitfield, Geology of Ohio. 1875. 2: 148,
pl. 9, fig. 2
Worthen’s original description of this species is the following :
Shell of medium size, very gradually tapering, septa moderately con-
cave, two of the intervals being a little less in width than the diameter of
the shell. Length of specimen with 12 septa preserved, 8.87 inches, length
of outer chamber about 3 inches. Surface markings and _ siphuncle
unknown.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 79
This shell seems to be nearly related to O. crebescens of Hall,
but differs from that species in its much less tapering form, and in the
proportional width of the septa.
5)
Worthen gives “the Niagara limestone” of Joliet Ill. as horizon and
locality of his species.
Before us is a fragment retaining 10 camerae from the lower Shelby
bed, which differs from the associated O. crebescens in the same
respect as indicated above for O. rectum. It expands so slowly that its
apical angle is only about 5°, and the camerae are so deep that the
diameter is but a little larger than the combined depth of three camerae.
While the latter are therefore still somewhat shallower than those of the
type specimen of O. rectum, the difference is so small that it is well
within the limits of individual variation. The section of the Shelby species
is subcircular, and the siphuncle is centren.
In the same year in which Worthen differentiated O. rectum from
O. crebescens, Hall and Whitfield described and figured a specimen
from the “limestones of the Niagara group” at Cedarville O., which they
referred to O. crebescens, but which, in the differential characters cited
above, tallies quite closely with the lower Shelby specimen. Hall and
Whitfield also noted the difference in the depth of the chambers between
the Ohio and the original Wisconsin specimens of O. crebescens, but
did not consider it sufficient for separation. The additional difference in
the rate of expansion brought out by the figure of the Ohio specimen and
its description, in which it is said to taper ‘“‘ gradually and moderately,”
while the types of O. crebescens are stated to taper “rapidly,” seems
to have been overlooked in the comparison of the forms. The constancy
of the combined appearance of these differences in the Illinois, Ohio and
New York specimens and the very distinct habit resulting from them, fully
warrant their recognition as of specific importance.
_ i) :
80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Orthoceras crebescens Hall
Plate ro, fig. 24, 27, 28; plate rx, fig. 2-5
Orthoceras crebescens Hall. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An. Rep’t.
1867. p. 354, pl. 19, fig. 1-3
Orthoceras crebescens Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1,
Pp. 37
Orthoceras crebescens Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 98
Not Orthoceras crebescens Hall & Whitfield. Geol. Sur. Ohio. Paleon-
tology. 1875. v. 2, pt 2, p. 148, pl. 9, fig. 2
Among the orthocerata of the lower Shelby dolomite is a small group
of specimens which contrast with the others by their large dimensions, and
specially the greater depth of the chambers. These must be the relics of
the giants in the cephalopod fauna that populated the lower Guelph coral
reef. They are all casts of the interior.
Diagnosts. Conch straight, thin, of large size, the living chamber of
one specimen attaining a diameter of about 70 mm, gradually expanding
(angle 9°), cross section circular or subcircular; surface smooth, faintly
striated longitudinally ; sutures transverse with a distinct (ventral ?) lobe,
camerae very deep, the sutures lying 9 mm apart in one specimen where the
conch has a diameter of 40 mm, and in another where the diameter is 50
mm ; septa evenly concave and very deep, the depth being about equal to
the depth of the camerae ; siphuncle centren or nearly so, large, nummuloidal
in the mature stage, where it passes the septum, about one sixth the diame-
ter of the conch; living chamber possessing the same rate of expansion as the
septate portion, repeatedly slightly constricted ; aperture apparently nearly
straight. One cast retains faint longitudinal ridges, with flat interspaces.
Hortzon. Lower Shelby dolomite. No specimens have been obtained
in either the upper bed at Shelby or Rochester.
Our material agrees in all essential features with the type specimen
described by Hall from the Racine limestone, Wisconsin. In vol. 2,
Geology of Wrsconszn, the species is listed as occurring in the Waukesha,
Racine and Guelph beds; in the Racine beds at the greatest number of
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 81
localities, so that we may conclude that it reached its acme there and sur-
vived only sparsely in the Guelph, where it has been found occasionally at
Hespeler and Elora, though in greater number in the lower Shelby dolomite.
The series of orthoceracones from the lower Shelby bed contains a
fragment, consisting of seven chambers, which appears to be a portion of
the apical part of the conch of O. crebescens, which has hitherto not
been observed. It agrees with that species and differs from the other asso-
ciate orthoceratites by its slender form, very deep camerae, their depth
being nearly half the width of the conch, and the very large siphuncle,
which occupies nearly half the interior space of the conch. This siphuncle,
however, is but very slightly expanded, and the cast of the siphuncular
cavity is completely cylindric. As the siphuncle of other species is known
to become nummuloidal only in late growth stages, the difference between
the siphuncles of this small conch and those of the large conchs of O.
crebescens is not thought to militate against a reference of the same
to that species.
pawsonoorRAs Hyatt. 1883
Dawsonoceras annulatum Sowerby, var. americanum Foord
Plate 10, fig. 19-21; plate rz, fig. x
Orthoceras annulatum Sowerby var. americanum Foord, Cat. Fossil
Cephal. British Museum. 1888. p. 56, 57
The wide variation in the expression of the ornament among specimens
which have been referred to O. annulatum Sowerby and have likewise
been described under a variety of other names, now renders exceedingly
difficult the accurate determination of specimens of this type, specially
when the species are represented by only fragmentary parts. It is evident
from the study of the long list of annulated orthoceracones of the late
Siluric, and has been specifically pointed out" by one of the writers in the
case of certain lower Siluric shells of similar type, that the ontogenic
progress of the ornament in the annulate and longitudinally striate shells is
quite uniform, and it may be summarized thus: The annuli are a quite
«Minnesota Paleontology, v. 3, pt 2, p. 787.
ca
82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
primitive feature appearing in the early growth stages (cf. Kionoc. dar-
wini) with their greatest relative strength. With continued shell growth
they become broader, less distinct and in progressed shells entirely obsolete
even before adult growth is attained. The longitudinal lines, however,
which develop before the early annuli, remain with the obsolescence of the
latter, for a time the principal feature of the exterior. Contemporaneous
with both of these surface features there develops a concentric lineation,
which also may become more conspicuous with the suppression of the
annuli, in some species becoming a prominent cancelating feature, even
entirely replacing the longitudinal ribs. Among species which have been
described from the American Upper Siluric the following express vari-
ous conditions of this combination of surface characters: O. undu-
latum Hall, O. annulatum Sowerby var. americanum Foord,
O. medullare Hall, O. nodocostatum McChesney, O. cadmus
Billings, O. virgatum Sowerby, O.laphami McChesney. This state-
ment does not impugn the differential specific values of certain of these
forms, but, as all of them have been described from incomplete cones, it is
clearly impossible with present knowledge to decide on the specific values
involved. Generic characters among these late Siluric species are conse-
quently highly obscured and uncertain, and the genera of this group pro-
posed by the late Professor Hyatt pass into each other, as do the specific
characters. Hyatt has proposed to term species which retain the annuli
. throughout growth with concentric undulating lines or frills, Dawsonoceras
(D. annulatum Sow. = O. undulatum Hall). Shells having the
longitudinal ridges conspicuous and obscure annuli in senile growth are
termed Kionoceras ; a condition in which the annuli of early growth become
later obscured, with corresponding increase in the prominence of the longi-
tudinal lines, are Spyroceras, while a development of spines or nodes at the
intersection of annuli and longitudinal ridges constitutes the character of
Thoracoceras.
We find among the material from Rochester several small specimens
of sharply annulate cones which we refer to Dawsonoc. annulatum
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 83
var. americanum Foord, employing that author’s distinctive designation
for American expressions of Sowerby’s specimens. These specimens doubt-
less represent early growth stages; one has 15 sharply developed somewhat
sinuous annuli in a length of 23 mm, another 10 in a length of 16 mm, a
third 24 in a length of 45 mm. The annuli are separated by rather deeply
concave depressions not always of equal width. Fine sharp longitudinal
striae, often clearly in two series, cross the surface, and these are cancelated
by much finer and obscure concentric lines. Nothing that would indicate
the modification of those characters in later growth has been observed.
Several large specimens, exceeding an inch in diameter and possessing
strong, rounded annulations, were obtained from the lower Shelby bed.
None were found in the upper horizon,
Dr Whiteaves has reported the presence of this species in the Guelph
at Hespeler and Elora, where it seems to be rare and the surface characters
are not specially noted. It is also cited in the Geology of Wzsconstn among
the Racine and Guelph fossils. Professor Hall* knew it only from the
lower beds at Waukesha and near Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Its occurrence
at Yellow Springs and Cedarville O., is recorded by Hall and Whitfield in
Pateontology of Ohio, 2:148. It is therefore evident that this species rises
from the lower Niagaran shales, where it is most common, into and through
the higher Niagaran beds in New York as well as in the west.
Orthoceras bartonense isa shell from the Barton beds or
highest member of the Niagaran series at Hamilton Ont., which has been
described by J. W. Spencer? as distinct from D. annulatum in having
the annular crests marked “by swelling waves (giving a nodular appearance
on the margin).” This is the same variation which McChesney described
as O. nodocostatum: but which Hall seems to have correctly esti-
mated * as identical with O. annulatum.
tN. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2zoth An. Rep’t, p. 351.
Mus. Univ. Missouri. Bul. 1884. 1:60, pl. 7, fig. 7.
3Descr. Paleozoic Fossils. 1860. p. 94.
4N. Y, State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t. expl. pl. 20.
iihho
84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
xronoceras Hyatt. 1883
Kionoceras darwini Billings (sp.)
Plate ro, fig. 22; plate rz, fig. 6; plate x2, fig. 1-8
Orthoceras darwini Billings, Paleozoic Fossils. 1862. 1:161 (not figured)
Cyrtoceras myrice Hall & Whitfield, Geol. Sur. Ohio. 1875. v. 2, pt 2, Pale-
ontology p. 149, pl. 8, fig. 9
Orthoceras darwini Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1, p. 38, pl. 6,
fig. 2, 2a
Cyrtoceras myrice Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1, p. 39, pl. 6,
fig. 3, 3a
Orthoceras darwini Foord, Cat. Fossil Cephal. British Museum. 1888. pt 1,
p. 76, fig. 8
Orthoceras darwini Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 100
Among the Rochester specimens of this species is one which is
excellently preserved and shows the surface features probably better
than any which have been recorded. There are sharp, angular, longi-
tudinal ridges, between each pair of which normally lies a_ smaller
ridge. These ridges of the first and second order are separated by equal
furrows. Concentric lineation does not appear on this specimen but is
shown on the later growth of a larger individual. Toward the apical end
of the shell are quite well marked transverse annulations. These, as in
many other species of this generic type, are completely obscured in later
growth. The gentle cyrtoceran flexure of the cone is clearly indicated in
the best of the specimens. The sipho is subcentral and the section is nearly
circular, with the concave side slightly flattened.
No examples of this pretty and characteristic species have been
obtained in the upper Shelby bed, but the lower dolomite has fur-
nished a number of well preserved specimens, two of which are remarkable
for their dimensions, which indicate a size considerably larger than hitherto
recorded. One of these is preserved as a mold of the exterior and attains
a length of 158 mm, with both ends imperfect. This retains the same
slight curvature exhibited by the smaller specimens. Another is a cast of
the interior of the living chamber and of 10 septa, which shows but very
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 85
slight curvature and traces of the longitudinal surface ornament. This
specimen shows a marked gerontic character in the uniformly closer
arrangement of the last septa and therefore furnishes an indication of the
mature size reached by this species. Its living chamber has a diameter of
48 mm and a length of 51 mm. The aperture is partly preserved and
appears to have been slightly curved. The chambers show the same depth
(about 5 mm) as in Billings’s type specimen of Orth. darwini, the
conchs of both having a like width. The sutures have a broad, low saddle
on the concave side. While two of the smaller specimens bear only uniform
longitudinal ridges, the larger conch is provided with low annulations
throughout its entire length. In the best preserved young specimens from
the Rochester Guelph these annulations appear only in the earlier stages,
and it thus appears that the large individual preserved this infantile charac-
ter into the ephebic stage. The three factors of the surface ornamentation
follow evidently in the same order as observed by Clarke in annulated and
lineated Trenton forms and above referred to, viz longitudinal ribs, annula-
tions, transverse striae, but with this difference, that the annulations here
never attain any strong development and soon disappear, while the longi-
tudinal ribs appear to persist throughout life and become in the ephebic
stage complicated with the concentric lineation, which, however, does not
attain such prominence as in the mature stage of Dawsonoceras
annulatum or in the Trenton forms mentioned.
Dr Whiteaves gave the first illustration of the original of K. darwini
and points out its identity with Hall & Whitfield’s Cyrtoceras myrice
described at a later date from the dolomites at Yellow Springs O. Billings’s
original was from the Guelph at Hespeler, and other specimens originally
identified by Dr Whiteaves with Cyrtoc. myrice are from Durham.
This species is, hence, to be considered a typical Guelph form. Its connec-
tion with the longitudinally ribbed or cancelated, slender orthoceratites, so
common in the Racine beds whence it probably descended, is very close,
specially with Orthoceras angulatum (Wahlenberg) Hall,’ which is
tN. Y. State Cab. 2zoth An. Rep’t. 1867. p. 353.
TN
86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
described as possessing the same number of longitudinal ribs within the
same space, the same cancelation in some parts, but has somewhat deeper
camerae, tapers slightly faster and is perfectly straight. This species is said
by Hall to be identical with the numerous species of longitudinally ribbed
Racine forms erected by McChesney, and also with Hall’s O. virgatum (?)
and O. cancellatum from the Rochester shale of New York. Whiteaves
identifies the latter species with Orthoceras cadmus Billings, which
has been described from the Niagaran at Grimsby Ont.
Kionoceras medullare Hall (sp.)
Plate 10, fig. 23
Orthoceras medullare Hall, Geol. Sur. Wisconsin. Report of Progress. 1859.
Orthoceras medullare Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An. Rep’t. 1867.
Pp 358; pls 20; RE. 15.2
Orthoceras medullare (?) Meek & Worthen, Geol. Sur. Illinois. 1875. 6:504,
pl. 26, fig. 1
Orthoceras medullare Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v.3, pt 1, p. 37
This species is represented in our collections by a single mold of the
exterior from the lower Shelby dolomite. The ornamentation of this
fragment, which belonged to a conch having a diameter of about 30 mm,
consists of sharp, longitudinal striae, alternately stronger and finer; these
are crossed by transverse lines, arranged slightly closer than, and equal
in prominence to, the finer, longitudinal striae. Seven of these longi-
tudinal lines may be counted in1o mm. The character of this ornamenta-
tion, the relative distance and strength of the striae, is that ascribed to
O. medullare, and we, therefore, provisionally identify the Shelby
species with that.
Hall described Orth. medullare from “limestone of the Niagara
group at Waukesha and Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.” In the lists of fossils of
Wisconsin, given in Geology of Wesconsin, v. 2, Kion. medullare is
cited only from the Waukesha and Racine beds, but not from the Guelph.
Meek and Worthen doubtfully refer to the species a specimen from the
Niagara at Joliet Ill. Whiteaves reports the species in the Guelph at
Elora Can.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 87
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hall
Plate 15, fig. 1, 2; plate 16, fig. 1-7
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1852. 2: 349,
pl. 84, fig. 7a-d
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Billings, in Logan’s Geology of Canada. 1863.
Pp. 34°
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 103
This species was very briefly characterized by Hall in the following
words: ‘‘ Elongated, slender, gradually tapering and gently incurved ; septa
numerous; slightly convex; section transversely oval, siphuncle dorsal.”
The original specimens from Galt were not very good. Billings cites Galt
and Hespeler as localities, but Whiteaves states that he has seen no speci-
mens of the species. It has also been recognized in the Guelph at Cedar
burg Wis."
In the Rochester material there are several examples, one of excellent
quality, which present characters agreeing with Hall’s diagnosis and figures,
and these are specially marked by their long, slender and gently arcuate
cones, in which the outer ventral curve is about 87° and the inner 69°. The
section is nearly circular in early growth but later becomes broadly oval.
The living chamber is long, somewhat swollen in the middle, broadly
contracting to the aperture, which has straight lateral margins. . Septa
from 2 to 3 mm apart, slightly concave and nearly transverse, broadly
flexed forward ventrally. Siphuncle small and ventral.
Surface smooth, only fine concentric lines being visible. These become
squamous toward the aperture and all recurve ventrally at the hyponomic
sinus.
Dimenstons. The most complete of these examples has a length meas-
ured on the outer curve of 95 mm. This covers most of the living chamber,
which is 29 mm long. Width of living chamber dorsoventrally 21 mm, of
aperture 16 mm, of lower end of specimen 9 mm.
«Geol. Wisconsin, 2: 380.
88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cyrtoceras orodes Billings
Plate rs, fig. 3-11
Cyrtoceras orodes Billings, Paleozoic Fossils. 1865. 1:162 (not figured)
Cyrtoceras orodes Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 103, pl. 14,
fig. 7-9
Several specimens of this species presenting a very slightly curved and
rapidly tapering shell with nearly circular section, have been obtained from
the lower Shelby horizon and at Rochester. The original, which was not
figured by Billings, and two specimens of better preservation have been
described and figured by Whiteaves.
The New York specimens are of moderate size, tapering rapidly (one
increasing from 11 to Ig mm in 39 mm; another from 12 to 28 mm in 60
mm), very gently curved, of nearly circular section, becoming somewhat
flattened dorsoventrally in late growth. Billings describes the dorsoventral
diameter as being slightly the greater, which is true of earlier growth, while
the outline of the section of the type specimens given by Whiteaves is cir-
cular. The septa are closely arranged; in the smallest specimens from 1.5
mm apart at the smaller end to 4.5 mm at the larger. The septa are but
slightly concave, their depth being no more than 2mm. The sutures run
nearly straight across the shell; they show a very short, blunt lobe over the
siphuncle on the ventral surface, and a very faint, broad lobe over the dor-
sal surface. The siphuncle is situated close to the ventral side and is not
expanded between the septa.
The surface appears to have been smooth, the inner shell larger and,
as shown in one specimen, bearing some fine, longitudinal furrows.
The species has not been collected in the upper Guelph of Oak Orchard
creek, while in the lower bed both young and adult specimens were found,
the former exhibiting well the rather rapid expansion of the conch, and the
latter retaining part of the living chamber and a number of the youngest
camerae. In a large example the living chamber becomes greatly con-
tracted toward the aperture in about the same degree as a specimen
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 89
referred by Whiteaves' with some doubt to this species. This contraction
may be here a gerontic character, as it has been claimed by Pompeck) and
Hyatt that numerous cephalopods constrict their apertures in gerontic
stages.
Cyrtoceras cf. brevicorne Hall
Plate 13, fig. rr, 12
See Cyrtoceras brevicorne Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t.
1867. p. 356, pl. 18, fig. 8, 9
A small, rapidly expanding cyrtoceracone from the Rochester collec-
tion, though quite incomplete, seems to agree with Cyrtoceras brevi-
corne Hall in the rapid expansion of the shell. In a length of 16 mm
it expands from 5 to 12 mm in diameter. The section is oval, broadly
rounded on the ventral and more acutely on the dorsal side. The inner
curvature is slight. Septa shallow, curving strongly downward on the
venter. The siphuncle is small and situated close to the ventral margin.
The chamber of habitation is not preserved in the specimen. The surface
is smooth or covered with fine concentric growth lines, which show a
broad and deep posterior curve on the venter.
The original specimens of this species were from the dolomite at
Racine Wis. The form has not yet been observed in either the Canadian
Guelph or the Niagara beds of New York, but is reported from several
outcrops of the Racine beds in Wisconsin.’
In the lower Guelph bed at Shelby has been found a short conch, which
in its extremely rapid expansion and curvature agrees with Hall’s figured
specimen of Cyrtoceras brevicorne, but fails to show the difference
in convexity of the dorsal and ventral sides. Its section is, on the contrary,
perfectly circular.
* Loc. cit. pl. 14, fig. 9.
2 Geol. of Wisconsin, 2 : 376
Re ON
go NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cyrtoceras bovinum sp. nov.
Plate 16, fig. 8, 9; plate 18, fig. 5, 6
Large, robust, rapidly tapering, gently and regularly curved cones. In
the most complete the arc of outer curvature is 165 mm long and its chord
135 mm, the inner curve 115 mm long, its chord 98 mm. Section trans-
versely oval, more rounded in the apical parts, but very broad and flattened
and even slightly depressed medially on the venter.
Septa closely arranged, from 2.5 to 4.5 mm apart; gently concave;
suture transverse with a low median backward turn or lobe on the venter.
Siphuncle subventran, moderately large, slightly contracted at the septa.
Living chamber long, not constricted as far as the specimens indicate.
Surface covered with only fine, concentric growth lines, which combine
to form low bands or festoons. All the internal casts of this species bear a
highly characteristic roughened surface, caused by the excoriation of the
inner shell layers indicating a thick shell. All surface lines make a broad
backward curve on the venter but are apparently transverse on the dorsum.
The shell is traversed longitudinally by very faint, fine and unequal, some-
what undulating lines and grooves. These, however, are shown only on
two fragments which seem to have somewhat less curvature than the others.
This species is represented by six or seven specimens from the Guelph
at Rochester, which show that it is by much the largest cephalopod in the
fauna at that locality. As a species it seems distinct from any that have
been described, in size, cross section and breadth of venter as well as in
surface characters.
cyrtoruizoceras Hyatt. 1900
Cyrtorhizoceras curvicameratum sp. nov.
Plate 17, fig. 1-10
Diagnosis. Conch a cyrtoceracone of moderate size, gently arcuate,
curvature of apical part not known; expanding slowly, adult living cham-
ber having a length of 35 mm, widening from a basal diameter of 37 mm
to an apertural diameter of 45 mm. Camerae very shallow, the sutures
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK gi
being only 3.5 mm apart, where the major diameter of the conch is 43
mm; deeply concave, the deepest place dorsad of the center, bent forward
strongly in the ventral and slightly in the dorsal region. Depth of septum
of living chamber 8 mm; sutures transverse, with a higher, but narrow,
rather sharp ventral, and lower, broader dorsal saddle, straight on the
sides; transverse section oval, compressed laterally, the venter narrower
than the dorsum, major and minor diameters in one narrow specimen 39
and 30 mm, in another broader, 44 and 36 respectively ; siphuncle small,
4.5 mm wide at the perforation of the septum, where the latter has a major
diameter of 44 mm, apparently empty, expanding to its double diameter in
the camerae, situated propioventran; living chamber short, retaining the
curvature and expansion of the septate portion, aperture not constricted,
its lateral margins low, convex, the dorsal margin provided with a broad
and lower sinus and the ventral margin with a narrower and somewhat
deeper hyponomic sinus situated on the arched external side (exogastric
shell) ; surface not known, the internal casts being smooth and the molds
of the external surface obscured by coating of crystals. A coarse orna-
mentation was evidently absent.
Locality. Lower Shelby dolomite.
Observations. From Cyrtoceras cancellatum Hall, the only
form of the New York Niagaran showing some superficial similarity, C y rt.
curvicameratum is readily distinguished by being laterally com-
pressed and not dorsoventrally as the latter. In the rich cephalopod fauna
which has become known from the western Niagaran, there are Cyrt.
fosteri Hall and Cyrt. dardanus Hall, both clearly related to this
species. Cyrtoceras fosteri Hall, described’ from the ‘“ Niagara
limestone” near Chicago, possesses a similar transverse section, curvature
of sutures and like depth of chambers, but differs in having the venter
relatively narrower and the ventral saddle of the sutures higher. Cyr-
toceras dardanus Hall, occurring in the Racine beds at Waukesha
and Wauwatosa Wis., a form with similar curvature and expansion, is
* Report of Progress of Geological Survey of Wisconsin for 1860, p. 41.
92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
described* as having the dorsal and ventral sides equally rounded, and it
also possesses deeper camerae.
This species, C. curvicameratum, is considered a typical repre-
sentative of the genus Cyrtorhizoceras Hyatt? on account of its uncontracted
living chamber, open aperture and the character of its dorsal and hyponomic
sinuses, its laterally compressed form, the well developed ventral and dorsal
saddles of the sutures and the small siphuncle. The genus is described as
beginning in the Lower Siluric, where the generic type, Cyrtorhizo-
ceras minnesotense Clarke (sp.), a small form of the western Tren-
ton, occurs, and as extending into the Upper Siluric. It appears that this
genus, a very primitive group of cyrtoceracones, is still well represented in
the Niagaran, for several of the western species of Cyrtoceras evidently
pertain to it.
eyroceras de Koninck. 1844
Gyroceras farcimen sp. nov.
Plate 18, fig. 1-4
Diagnosis. Conch robust, strongly curved, very slowly expanding,
number of volutions unknown; transverse section circular, the dorsal and
ventral sides not appreciably different in curvature, no impressed zone
observable ; camerae moderately deep, septa 8 mm distant, where the diam-
eter of the shell is 28 mm; sutures transverse, nearly straight, a small saddle
at the outer side of the arch; siphuncle submarginal, at the outer side its
character not known; living chamber very long, extending for one half a
volution or more, continuing with the curvature of the septate portion ;
surface smooth.
’
aperture not known ;
Locality. Lower Shelby dolomite.
Observations. There are only three cephalopods with gyroceran volu-
tions known from the Niagaran; G. farcimen may be readily distin-
guished from G. abruptus Hall, of the Indiana Niagaran, by its very
gradual expansion and the position of its siphuncle, from G. americanum
* Report of Progress of Geological Survey of Wisconsin for 1860. p. 43.
2Zittel-Eastman. Textbook of Paleontology. 1900. p. 529.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 93
Billings, by the fact that the latter is annulated and from G. bannisteri
Winchell & Marcy," from the western Niagaran, for the same reason.
poTERIocerRAs McCoy. 1844
Poterioceras sauridens sp. nov.
Plate 14, fig. 1-19
The most common and one of the most characteristic cephalopods of
the lower bed at Shelby is a small breviconic cyrtoceracone, different in
important characters from all other forms reported from the Guelph or
so called Niagaran horizons. A single specimen somewhat crushed dorso-
ventrally was also obtained at Rochester.
Diagnosts. Shell small, fusiform, somewhat abruptly tapering and
relatively but little curved; in a specimen with a length of 48 mm the outer
arc has a hight of 19 mm; the inner of 4 mm, measured from a chord con-
necting the extremities. The shell is slightly asymmetric, and seen from
the ventral side, the apex is turned a little to the right. It is somewhat
compressed dorsoventrally, in its mature parts the dorsoventral diameter
being one tenth shorter than the lateral; the dorsum is almost flat or but
slightly rounded, while the ventral side is well rounded, its section in most
specimens being part of a circle. The ventrolateral slopes are evenly
rounded, while the dorsolateral are quite abrupt. In the apertural part the
section is entirely circular, the flattening of the dorsal side not appearing
till about the neanic stage of the shell. The living chamber is remarkably
short ; its length rarely attains that of the diameter of the last septum ; this
chamber is widest at about one third of its length, whence it contracts on the
ventral and lateral sides, toward the aperture to such a degree that the
dorsoventral diameter of the aperture becomes slightly the smaller. The
outline of the aperture is simple, with a shallow hyponomic sinus and a
broad, low dorsal saddle. The shell around the aperture is thickened, so
that on the very frequent casts of the living chamber, there appears a ring-
like depression just within the margin.
* According to Hall, N. Y. State Mus. 2oth An. Rep’t, supplementary note, p. 393, this
is a Trochoceras.
94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Septa transverse, closely arranged, those of the ephebic stage being
about 3 mm apart on the ventral, 2 mm on the dorsal side; shallow, with a
low saddle on the venter. Siphuncle ventral near the margin (propio-
ventran Hyatt), tubular in the nepionic part, becoming slightly nummuloidal
in the following stages. Surface with fine concentric lines which are recurved
on the venter, where they are crossed by obscure longitudinal ridges.
The species can not have attained a large size, for, among all the
specimens, none has been found to have a diameter of the living chamber
above 30 mm, this being the measurement of the largest specimen observed
which possesses distinct gerontic characters in the shallow later camerae.
Numerous specimens of average size with but two thirds of this measure-
ment, show the same gerontic features, and should therefore be regarded as
representing the normal size. An entire specimen whose living chamber
has a diameter of 18 mm, measures 54 mm along the ventral side.
FHlorizon and localéty. Rare in the Guelph horizon at Rochester, but
very common in the lower Shelby dolomite; one doubtful specimen has
been taken from the upper Shelby horizon.
Observations. The large representation of this species has allowed a
full elucidation of its characters; and it is also possible to attempt a
generic reference more exact than to Cyrtoceras in its broad and common
application. The genus Cyrtoceras, as restricted by Hyatt, while including
similar exogastric, breviconic cyrtoceracones, with flat dorsum and elevate
venter, is defined as having the aperture contracted to a T-shaped opening,
and a large, nummuloidal siphuncle. Thus restricted, the generic term is
only applicable to Devonic forms, on which it was originally based, but we
have not been able to apply the term in this meaning because of lack of
evidence. Hence our use of the name in the foregoing is to be regarded
in a broad sense as covering species not at present referable with greater
exactitude. The genus Oncoceras, which is suggested by the short,
abruptly terminated septal part and the contracted aperture, is restricted
to laterally compressed forms of the Lower Siluric, with distinctly nummu-
loidal siphuncle. It is however clear that this genus is a primitive repre-
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 95
sentative of the genus Poterioceras, as defined by Hyatt, primitive in so far
as its aperture is not yet laterally contracted and still possesses a wide open,
roundly triangular outline; also primitive in its less developed fusiform
shape, which, it appears, does not attain its most typical expression till Car-
bonic time. This genus, in its restricted sense, was placed by Hyatt
(Genera of the Fossil Cephalopoda), under the term Acleistoceras, but
subsequently was regarded by him as a synonym of Poterioceras; Acleisto-
ceras zobzs includes brevicone fusiform bodies with partially contracted
living chamber. The aperture has a large ventral sinus and a dorsal
saddle, and is only slightly smaller in diameter than the living chamber,
while the outline is usually subtriangular. The siphuncle remains ventral,
and the form in section is an oval with the dorsum broader than the venter.
It appears from the frequent coincidence of shallow ultimate camerae
indicating gerontic conditions, with marked contraction of the aperture,
that the latter feature alone may indicate gerontic condition rather than
specific character. This fact would, in some measure, conform to the state-
ment made by Hyatt, that Oncoceras is a phylogerontic group, one of the
phylogerontic characters being the transverse contraction of the living
chamber during gerontic age. On the other hand, it was pointed out by
Clarke that the expansion of the shell during later growth and a sudden
contraction at the close of the swelling near the aperture is a character
appearing in the early genera Oncoceras, Clinoceras, Poterioceras, and
Cyrtoceras (in the old sense), and that in the Devonic species of the ortho-
ceran genus Bactrites this expression of the shell characterizes the growth
stage directly succeeding the formation of the protoconch. It is in line
with the latter observation that, as Foord remarks, the inflation of Poterio-
ceras is much less conspicuous in the adult than in the young. This author
probably refers only to late species of Carbonic age. It would seem to us
that we have here a gerontic character indicating early decline of a series
of cephalopods taking place remarkably soon after the inception of the
cephalopod stock. In considering the small size and slight development
* Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 22: 277.
96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
aitained by the species of these genera, they appear to us as a group of
dwarfed forms comparable in their entirety to the small specimens with
constricted apertures among later (mesozoic) cephalopods considered as
dwarfs by Pompeckj.
One specimen, consisting of a badly crushed living chamber which may
belong to this species, was found in one of the geodes of the upper Guelph
at Shelby, and another was obtained at Rochester. The latter is probably
also somewhat crushed, for its section is very traverse, the dorsoventral
diameter of the body chamber being one third less than the transverse
diameter. This specimen measures 50 mm on the ventral curve and has an
apertural transverse diameter of 20 mm and an apical diameter of 8 mm.
It is a noteworthy fact that, with the exception of one or two
specimens, all have retained only the living chamber and a few camerae, the
apical parts being gone. It is therefore quite probable that this organism
was in the habit of discarding from time to time some of its oldest camerae.
There are no forms in the Guelph or Niagara similar enough to invite
comparison with this species or to necessitate distinctive characterization,
but Cyrtoceras clitus Billings’ should be cited here as possessing
similar size, like curvature and contraction of the aperture, though still
differing in the amount of expansion, this being much more rapid in the
apical part of Pot. sauridens,.
J. W. Spencer has described and figured? the cast of a living chamber
as Cyrtoceras reversum. This cast resembles so closely that of the
same part of P. sauridens that it doubtless belongs to that species.
The author has succeeded however in making a very remarkable fossil out
of this fragment, viewing it in a wrong direction and then calling it
‘“reversum.” He states: “Its form is rapidly tapering with a considerable
curvature, until it ends ina rounded point.” This rounded point is, how-
ever, the aperture, and the tapering is that of the living chamber toward
the aperture. From this misconception arose the other, that “the convex
*Cat. Silurian Fossils of the Island of Anticosti. 1866. p. 85.
Mus. Univ. Missouri. Bul. 1884. p. 60, pl. 7, fig. 8.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 97
side of the septae is directed toward the body-chamber,” a structure which
would indeed be quite unique among the Cephalopoda. Cyrtoceras
reversum is described as occurring in ‘the lower beds of the Niagara
limestones at lighthouse station on the G. T. R.” It may, therefore, occur
at a similar horizon as the lower Shelby form.
Poterioceras sp.
Plate 13, fig. 13-16
A single living chamber, found in the lower Shelby dolomite, differs
so materially from those of the associated P. sauridens that we are
constrained to note it separately. The living chamber is quite evenly
rounded and plump, the flattening of the dorsal side but slightly devel-
oped. The section of the living chamber and also of the aperture is nearly
circular. The ventral and lateral surfaces are regularly and evenly con-
tracted from the middle of the chamber toward the aperture. The
siphuncle is marginal (subventral) and highly nummuloidal. The camerae
are not preserved, but, judging from the siphuncle, they were shallow and
the septa but slightly convex. The cast shows traces of transverse striae,
presumably growth lines.
PROTOPHRAGMOCERAS Hyatt. 1900
Protophragmoceras patronus sp. nov.
Plate zo, fig. 1, 2
A very robust, moderately tapering, strongly and regularly curved
shell. The arc of the outer curvature is 190 mm long and its chord is
165 mm; the inner curve is about 140 mm long and its chord measures 90
mm. Section in the earlier part of the septate portion broadly elliptic,
the major axis being the dorsoventral ; the living chamber and mature part
of the cone have an oval or roundly triangular section, the outer (ventral)
side being very broadly rounded, the inner side narrowly so and the lateral
parts nearly flat, sloping to the dorsal ridge.
Camerae very deep, last septa being 21 mm apart on the ventral side
and about 8 mm on the dorsal side; sutures transverse with a broad, low
saddle extending the full width of the venter. Depth of septum almost
98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
half the depth of the camera; siphuncle not retained; living chamber rela-
tively very large, widening at the same rate as the septate portion; aperture
not contracted, but open and simple. Surface unornamented, save by closely
and regularly disposed, faint growth lines, the course of which indicates the
presence of a shallow hyponomic sinus on the convex side of the cone.
Locality. Lower Shelby dolomite, Oak Orchard creek.
Observations. This large species has no equal in size among the curved
cephalopods of the Guelph of Canada or the Interior; it compares well in
this regard with the large forms to which Barrande applied the terms C.
tyrannus and C. rex. Cyftoceras: hercules Winch, @ Marcy
(—Cyrt. (Phragmoceras) amplicorne Hall) isa large form from
the Waukesha and Racine beds of Wisconsin, which possesses a stronger
curvature and broader venter. Cyrtoceras bovinum, a smaller, simi-
larly curved species from the Guelph at Rochester, expands more rapidly
and has shallower camerae. Phragmoceras nestor Hall, reported
as from the Niagaran at Wauwatosa Wis., is readily distinguished from
Protoph. patronus by the constriction of its aperture, its shorter liv-
ing chamber and shallower camerae; from Phragmoceras byronen-
sis Worthen,’ described from the Niagaran of Port Byron IIl., and which
very much resembles the Shelby species in the degree of its curvature and
rate of expansion, it differs in the same particulars.
The form of the shell, the degree of curvature and expansion, suggest
relationship to Phragmoceras, as was also indicated in Hall’s description
of C. amplicorne by addition of that generic name in parenthesis.
Its open aperture and slightly developed dorsoventral expansion indicate
that it represents one of the primitive types of the Phragmoceratidae, for
which Hyatt has created the genera Cordoceras and Protophragmoceras.
On account of the general similarity of our form with the type of the latter
genus, Protoph. murchisoni Barr., which makes itself obvious in
the curvation, expansion, situation of hyponomic sinus and ventral position
of sutural saddle, we refer the species thereto.
*Geol. Sur. Illinois, 6: 506.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 99
PHRAGMOCERAS Sowerby
Phragmoceras parvum Hall & Whitfield
Plate 21, fig. 1-8
Phragmoceras parvum Hall & Whitfield, Paleontology of Ohio. 1875. 2: 151,
pl. 8, fig. 10
Phragmoceras parvum Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1, p. 41,
plz hee 2
Phragmoceras parvum Arey, Rochester Acad. Sci. Proc. 1892. 2:107
Phragmoceras parvum Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 105
Of the several species of Phragmoceras which have been described by
various authors from American Upper Siluric faunas one, P. parvum, is
notable for its small size and the projection of the dorsal horn of the aper-
ture. This species has been described only from internal casts of the
chamber of habitation. The original is from the dolomites at Cedarville,
Greene co. O., and others identified therewith are from the Guelph at
Hespeler. There are before us several fine small examples of Phragmo-
ceras from Rochester which retain in exceptional perfection the exterior
surface, the form of the apertural and septate portions, features which for
the most part have not been made known of P. parvum.
These shells in their entire condition are unguiform, sloping from a
stout chamber of habitation by a gentle curve to an acute apex, the septate
portion making about one half the length of the shell. The section of the
living chamber is broadly oval, but on the earlier parts the cone is more
flattened on the sides. The ventral margin is very broad, the dorsal
narrowly rounded and subangular. In expanding upward, the shell becomes
rather abruptly swollen at the base of the body chamber, thence, at first
gradually, then abruptly, contracting to the aperture, where two lateral
flanges of the shell almost meet in a median line, leaving a slitlike opening
between. The surface of this almost plane and vertically deflected area
slopes upward to the ventrolateral angle, where it is somewhat produced in
the form of a rather blunt tube. At the dorsolateral angle the tube is
100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
narrower and greatly produced. This latter feature is one of the distin-
guishing characters of the species.
The septa are slightly but regularly concave, the camerae quite shallow.
The siphuncle is ventral and almost marginal on the earlier septa; its posi-
tion on later septa has not been observed. The surface, not heretofore
noted, is ornamented by quite regular, low, broad, concentric ridges sepa-
rated by narrow interspaces. These make a broad backward curve on the
venter, bend upward at the sides, and on the dorsum make a sharply angu-
lar, posterior curvature. At the aperture they are not parallel to or concen-
tric with the margins.
Dimensions. A specimen nearly entire to the apex has a length of
50 mm, the greatest diameter (living chamber, not including apertural
extensions) being 28 mm.
Locality. Upper Guelph horizon, Rochester.
rrocHoceras Barrande. 1847
(spuyrapoceras Hyatt)
Trochoceras desplainense McChesney
Plate 20, fig. 3-9
Trochoceras desplainensis McChesney, New Paleozoic Fossils. 1859.
p. 68, pl. 6, fig. 1
Trochoceras desplainense Hall, N. Y. State Cab. 20th An. Rep’t. 1867.
P- 359; Pl. 16, fig. 8, 9, 10
Trochoceras desplainense Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1884. v. 3, pt 1,
Pp. 36, pl. 5, fig. 5
Trochoceras desplainense Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
p. 105
The specimens which we identify with this species are of better quality
than those which have heretofore been figured and studied, one of them
retaining almost in its entirety the living chamber and aperture, another of
somewhat smaller size preserving the umbilical aspect of the entire final
whorl to the aperture, while still other specimens illustrate the grosser and
finer characters of the early surface.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK IO]
This completeness of the material at hand gives basis for the amplifi-
cation of the characters of the species which have heretofore been drawn
solely from the immature conditions of the shell.
Shell dextral, forming a low torticone of about two and one half volu-
tions, not quite one half of the last volution being occupied by the living
chamber. The volutions expand and coil downward very gradually, so
that the apex of the shell and the upper side of the outer chamber lie in
almost the same horizontal plane. The section is described by McChes-
ney as being subelliptic with the dorsoventral diameter greater than the
lateral, while Hall states that the volutions in these immature examples
are “essentially circular.” The Rochester specimens are subcircular in
the section of the early part of the last whorl but become laterally flat-
tened in later growth, so that in the final stages the cross section is ovate.
The ventral side is subacutely and the dorsal obtusely rounded, but the
latter is not flattened nor does it bear any trace of an impressed zone. In
gerontic specimens the sides become flattened to parallel planes, a fact
mentioned by Hall as characteristic of the genus. The siphuncle, which is
described and figured by Hall as being central, is centren in the nepionic
whorl, becomes however, in the mature stage, as shown by several of the
Oak Orchard creek specimens, ventrocentren. The ventral position of
the siphuncle is given by Hyatt as a family character of his Plectocera-
tidae, to which this genus appertains. The siphuncle is small, apparently
tubular. The camerae are of slight depth and the septa closely arranged
(the final ones 3 mm apart), the suture has a prominent saddle on the
venter and a broader and lower one on the dorsum. The lateral lobes are
shallow and broad, deepest near the dorsolateral curve.
The surface sculpture consists, in the earlier stages, of angular,
oblique ridges, with slightly concave to flat interspaces. These bend
strongly forward on the dorsal and backward on the ventral side, thus
intersecting the suture lines at a considerable angle. They become faint as
growth advances and on the last half or two thirds of the final whorl are
obsolescent, in old shells disappearing before septation ceases. Concentric
102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
with these ridges and covering both ridges and the intervening sulci, are
finer lines which are crossed and cancelated on the early shell by revolving
lines of the same size. With the obsolescence of the ridges, the concentric
lines retained to the aperture become more and more conspicuous and
defined. The revolving lines may also be seen under favorable conditions
in later growth.
The living chamber continues in the curve of the volutions, though,
in a gerontic stage, it continues in a nearly direct line. The aperture is
large, provided with a shallow dorsal and probably a deep ventral sinus.
Localttzes. Not infrequent in the lower Shelby dolomite and at
Rochester ; rare in the upper Shelby bed.
This form was first described by McChesney from the “ Niagara divi-
sion” of Joliet and on the Kankakee river, Ill. Professor Hall obtained his
specimens from Racine Wis. and Whiteaves reports two specimens from
the Guelph at Hespeler. The shell is definitely dextral and is thereby
distinguished from the otherwise closely allied form termed Troch.
aeneas Hall’ from the dolomites at Lyons la.
The generic term Trochoceras was employed by Barrande in 1847 and
independently introduced by Hall in 1852. The former’s conception of the
generic value is expressed in the species T. optatum Barr. (Etage E),
which is very closely allied to T. desplainense, but is a sinistral shell.
Hall’s type is T. gebhardi Hall of the Coralline limestone, a shell with
high spire, smooth whorls and of quite distinct aspect from the group under
consideration; it has been made by Hyatt the type of his genus Mitro-
ceras. Hyatt has taken Barrande’s Troch. optatum as the type of his
genus Sphyradoceras, and we have therefore employed Trochoceras here in
the restricted sense ascribed to Sphyradoceras by its author.
Hyatt considers Sphyradoceras as an offshoot of Spyroceras, a genus
with, in early growth, longitudinally ridged, and, in later, annulated longi-
cones; and mentions the presence of longitudinal ridges among the gene-
ric characters of Sphyradoceras. Our material does not show this last
™N. Y. State Cab. of Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t, revised ed. pl. 25, fig. 16.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 103
named feature, but it appears that the fine longitudinal lines mentioned
above would point to the presence of longitudinal ridges in the neanic
stage, as they do in Spyroceras, in which Clarke" has shown from Sp yro-
ceras bilineatum, that coarser longitudinal ridges, with advancing
growth and by interplantation, become changed into more numerous
uniform, fine, longitudinal striae. The presence of such fine, longitudinal
striae in Troch. desplainense allows us, hence, to infer the presence
of longitudinal ridges on the earliest parts of the conch.
Trochoceras costatum Hall
Plate 20, fig. 1, 2
Trochoceras costatum Hall, Geol. Sur. Wisconsin. Rep’t Prog. for 1860-1861
Trochoceras costatum Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2zoth An. Rep’t.
1868. p. 360
Trochoceras costatum Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An. Rep'’t.
revised ed. 1870. p. 402, pl. 25, fig. 15
With the specimens of Trochoceras desplainense from the
lower dolomite at Shelby, are several which are not only sinistral, but also
differ from the former in their loose coiling and closer arrangement of
costae, sufficiently to warrant their reference to T. costatum, another
species reported from the Racine limestone.
Conch a low torticone, slightly asymmetric, but sufficiently to show
that it is sinistral, very closely coiled, with wide open umbilicus, expanding
moderately ; whorl beginning with circular section, becoming within the
first volution depressed convex and assuming an oval section; position of
siphuncle not determined; surface ornamented by strong annulations,
which cross the sides obliquely backward, in the earlier part of the whorl,
being slightly curved, with the convexity directed forward, and becoming
slightly sigmoidal on the later portion. On the venter they are curved
backward. The costae number nine within the first 10 mm of the whorl,
and the interspaces increase regularly till there are at the end of the
whorl five costae within 10 mm.
«Geol. Minnesota, v. 3, pt 2, p. 786.
ih | }
104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Observations. In describing this species, Professor Hall stated that it
differed from T. desplainense in its more numerous and more sharply
elevated annulations, which do not increase beyond the point opposite the
apparent apex of the shell. As “a conspicuously distinguishing feature,”
is cited the sinistral direction of the volutions. A comparison of the speci-
mens here described with our material of T. desplainense leaves no
doubt as to the greater prominence and closer arrangement of the costae
in that species, characters which give a distinctly different habit to the
shell. In regard to the sinistral enrolment, Hall deemed it necessary to
add an explanatory note, stating that, as in T. desplainense the inner
volutions are sometimes a little depressed below the outer, it might perhaps
be suspected that T. costatum is an exaggerated condition of the for-
mer species, with the inner volutions still more depressed. This, how-
ever, is claimed not to be the case, as T. costatum is clearly sinistral.
It is added that Barrande described several sinistral forms of Trochoceras
and found that “the enrolment is sometimes dextral and sometimes sinis-
tral according to the species, but the dextral forms greatly predominate.”
In two forms, however, viz T. asperum and T. sandbergeri, Bar-
rande concedes that “we find both modes, varying in individuals.” Bar-
rande’s descriptions and fine figures of these two species, show that they are
but very slightly asymmetric. They belong therefore near the beginning
of the morphologic series, which according to Barrande, extends from
perfectly symmetric to the highly asymmetric torticones; and it may be
inferred that the tendency to become asymmetrically enrolled to the right
side had not yet become established in these Bohemian forms. The two
sinistral species described by Hall, viz T. costatum and T. aeneas,
when compared with the decidedly dextral T. desplainense, are con-
spicuously less asymmetric, and therefore appear to represent an earlier and
less fixed stage. We are disposed to believe that the species of Trocho-
ceras can not be naturally divided into a sinistral and a dextral series, but
that, as by far the prevailing number of species and those the most pro-
gressed, are dextral and the sinistral are but slightly asymmetric, the gen-
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 105
eral tendency is toward a dextral enrolment, and the sinistral forms represent
only early variations. It should be noted also that the late Devonic species
are all dextral.
As Professor Hyatt has made no mention of this difference in enrol-
ment, it may be inferred that he did not regard it of special significance.
He did, however, at one time* separate from Trochoceras in its restricted
sense the genera Peismoceras and Systrophoceras, basing these divisions
principally on the characters of the aperture, position of siphuncle and sec-
tion of whorl. From a note in Whiteaves’s description of T. desplain-
ense, it seems that Hyatt would have referred that species and evidently
also T. costatum to his Peismoceras. In Zittel-Eastman’s 7extbook of
Paleontology, however, he has covered these names again under Sphyrado-
ceras, which is here considered a synonym of Trochoceras Barrande, sensu
stricto.
Trochoceras costatum was described as from the Niagaran
limestone at Racine and near Milwaukee Wis. In v. 2, Geology of Wis-
consim it is only cited by Chamberlin among the species of the Racine
limestone, but not among the Guelph forms.
ANNELIDA
cornuxites Schlotheim
Cornulites arcuatus Conrad
Plate 4, fig. 1-5
Cornulites arcuatus Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Jour. 1842. 8:276, pl. 17, fig. 8
Three well preserved specimens from the dolomites at Rochester and
a greater number from both horizons near Shelby are referable to this
species which was described as follows :
Curved, rapidly attenuate ; the base of each ring contracted, the upper
edge angular.
It is not altogether certain that Cornulites flexuosus Hall
(—C. clintoni Hall) from the Clinton, is sufficiently different to permit
* Phylogeny of an Acquired Characteristic, p. 500 and 502.
BP iiAh. |
106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the separation from this species though Professor Hall failed to identify
Conrad’s species. Another specimen preserved as an internal cast has
the body longer and more slowly tapering than the rest, while the rings
project more at their lower ends; this may represent a form approaching
Gilexuesus.
Most of these specimens are internal casts in part retaining the wall
of the tube.
No specimens of Cornulites are reported from the Guelph formation ;
Conrad’s originals came from the Niagaran dolomite in the neighborhood
of Albion, Orleans co.
OSTRACODA
LePeRDITIA Rouault. 1851
Leperditia balthica Hisinger, var. guelphica Jones
Plate ar, fig. 9-11
Leperditia balthica Hisinger, var. guelphica Jones, Contrib. Canadian
Paleontology. 1891. pt 3, p. 80, pl. 13, fig. 12a, 12b, 13a—-c
Leperditia balthica Hisinger, var. guelphica Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils.
1895. v. 3, pt 2, p. 106
Of quite common occurrence in the dolomites at Rochester are speci-
mens of a large Leperditia agreeing in dimensions with the form which
Professor T. R. Jones has described under the name given above. These
are valves measuring, in the adult stage, from 10-12 mm in length, 5-6 mm
in hight, with long straight hinge, both angles of which are salient
and beyond which the curving margins of the valves extend for a slight
distance. The surface is smooth and quite convex, most so in front of the
middle; the anterior slope abrupt, posterior gradual, the eye lobe well
defined. These features serve to distinguish it from L. phaseolus
Hisinger, var. guelphica Jones (Guelph of Ontario), which is more
oblique in outline, with angles not projecting and convexity more regular.
It seems quite possible that on close comparison L. balthica
guelphica may be found identical with L. fonticola Hall* from
«N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 2oth An. Rep’t. 1867. p. 335.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 107
Niagaran dolomites at Fond du Lac Wis., and it is evidently closely related
to L. scalaris Jones of the upper or Manlius waterlimes at Buffalo and
elsewhere in Western New York.
Leperditia sp. ?
Another large species of this genus is present in the Rochester fauna,
but the examples observed are insufficient for its determination. It has
narrower and more elliptic valves, rounded extremities and a curving hinge
line. It may eventually prove to be the L. phaseolus Hisinger, var.
guelphica Jones.
A small Leperditia has been also noticed in the Lower Shelby dolomite.
TRILOBITA
catyMMENE Brongniart. 1822
Calymmene niagarensis Hall
Plate 21, fig. 12
Calymene niagarensis Hall, Geology of New York; Rep’t on Fourth Dist.
1843. p. 182, fig. 3 (p. 101)
Calymene blumenbachii var. niagarensis Hall, Paleontology of New
Works 89525002720 75pl4 67, f1e., 1X.) 12
Calymene blumenbachii Whiteaves, Paleozoic Fossils. 1895. v. 3, pt 2,
Pp. 107
The material of the Arey collection contains a few separated parts of
this species, all of the usual small size prevalent in the Rochester shales of
New York, the outcrops at Waldron and quite generally diffused in upper
Siluric strata. In the upper layers at Shelby all the specimens observed
attain much larger size than these.
Dr Whiteaves reports the species as occurring in the Guelph at Galt.
It is also reported by Whitfield from Cedarville O., but does not seem to
occur in the Guelph of Wisconsin.
Pisdb yf
108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
DALMANITES Emmrich. 1845
Dalmanites sp.
A fragment consisting of some thoracic somites and part of the pygid-
ium insufficient however to determine the species was found at Rochester.
The surface of both parts is more coarsely granulose than in D. limu-
lurus Green, and a row of coarse tubercles upon the segments indicates
relationship to D. verrucosus Hall. The segmentation of the pygidium
however is unlike either and the specimen may represent an unknown form.
PROETUs Steininger. 1830
Proetus sp.
Plate a1, fig. 13-16
At Rochester was obtained a single internal impression of a cranidium
of Proetus with tapering glabella, quite narrow and convex but not pro-
tuberant in front, eyes small and closely appressed to the glabella, anterior
border thickened and separated from the glabella by a narrow sulcus. This
form may prove to be the species referred to by Hall as Asaphus
stokesi Murchison’ but that is believed to have the anterior end of the
glabella more remote from the border as it is described as having ‘the
space between it [border] and the cheeks and glabella depressed in a broad,
shallow groove.” Proetus corycaeus Conrad is of a somewhat differ-
ent type of glabellar structure.
The material from Shelby has afforded besides a glabella several small
pygidia of a Proetus with highly elevated strongly annulate axis and
deeply sloping pleurae with three or four obscure duplicating ribs. These
are also features ascribed to P. stokesi Hall.
The relatively frequent occurrence of the specimens of this genus in
the eastern Guelph is interesting in view of the fact that no species of
Proetus has been elsewhere reported from this fauna.
«Pal, N.W. ) 1852. 2: 316.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 109
SYNOPTIC LIST OF GUELPH FOSSILS OF NEW YORK
c=common, cc==abundant, r—rare, rr— very rare
OTHER LOCALITIES
LOWER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
UPPER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
ROCHESTER
DOLOMITE
1 Zaphrentis cf. racinensis Whitf. - - - Ir c | Racine beds of Wiscon-
sin,Guelph of Canada
2 Enterolasma cf. caliculus Hall (sp.) - - c | Rochester shale, Lock-
port limestone, Ra-
cine limestone
3. Diplophyllum caespitosum Hal - - - - c | Anticosti group, Lock-
port limestone of
New York and Can-
ada, Niagara and
Guelph of Wisconsin
4 Heliophyllum sf. ind. - - - - - rr
5 Favosites niagarensis Hall - - - - Ge cc | Lockport limestone of
New York and Niag-
aran and Guelph of
Wisconsin
6 F. hisingeri &. & Z. - - - - c c | Niagaran and Guelph
of Ontario and West
7 F. gothlandicus Zam. - - - - - - rr | Anticosti group, Niaga-
ran and Guelph of
Canada, Niagaran of
New York, Michigan
and Wisconsin
8 F. forbesi 2. & ZH. - - - - cc c c | Guelph of Canada?
9 Cladopora multipora Hall - - =|) 6e cc - Lockport limestone of
New York
1o Halysites catenularius Zinné - - - c cc | Niagaran and Guelph
of Canada and West
11 H.agglomeratus Hall - - - - - r r | Lockport limestone of
New York, Coral beds
of Wisconsin, Guelph
of Ontario (Nich.)
12 Syringopora infundibulum Whitf. - - c - Racine beds of Wiscon-
sin, Guelph of Onta-
rate)
13 Stromatopora galtensis Dawson - 2 oer Cc c | Guelph of Ontario
14 Clathrodictyum ostiolatum JVich. - - cc cc | Guelph of Ontario
15 Crania - - - - - - - - IT
16 Monomerella noveboracum sf. nov. - ce - = Mon. prisca its clos-
est ally occurs in the
Guelph of Canada,
Ohio and Illinois
at
|
18
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dalmanella cf. elegantula Dal. (sp.)_ -
D. cf. hybrida Sow. (sp.) - ‘ L
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens (sp.)
Camarotoechia? neglecta Hal/(sp.) -
C.? indianensis Hal/ - - .
Spirifer crispus (#7s.) Hall var. - -
Whitfieldella nitida Ha// - -
Rhynchotreta cuneata americana Ha//
Mytilarca eduliformis sf. mov. - -
M. acutirostrum Hal/_ - - -
Pterinea subplana Had/ - - -
P. undata Hail (sp.) - : i
Conocardium sf. - - - - 3
Cf. Modiolopsis subalata Had/ -
Bellerophon shelbiensis sf. nov. - -
Trematonotus alpheus Hal/_ - -
Diaphorostoma niagarense Ha// (sp.)
Poleumita scamnata sf. nov. : -
P. sulcata Hall . - z :
P. crenulata Whiteaves (sp.) - -
Trochonema cf. fatuum Hal/ - -
Eotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves (sp.)
E. areyi sf. nov. - - - - -
E. kayseri sp. nov. - -
E. galtensis Billings (sp.) - - -
LOWER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
UPPER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
ROCHESTER
DOLOMITE
rr
OTHER LOCALITIES
Niagaran of New York
and Guelph of Onta-
rio and Wisconsin
Niagaran of New York
and West, Racine of
Wisconsin
Rare in Guelph of Wis-
consin
Niagaran, Guelph of
Wisconsin
Niagaran of Indiana
and Kentucky
Niagaran and Guelph
of Canada
Niagaran of New York,
Racine of Wisconsin
Niagaran of New York
and West
Racine and Guelph of
Wisconsin
Rochester shale
Rochester shale
Conoc. sp. in Guelph
of Ontario
Clinton and Rochester
shale
Niagaran and Canadian
Guelph
Racine of Wisconsin,
Chicago limestone,
Guelph of Canada
Rochester shale,Guelph
of Wisconsin
Canadian Guelph
Guelph of Newark,
Wayne co. N. Y., Ca-
nadian Guelph
Canadian Guelph
Guelph of Wisconsin
Canadian Guelph
Canadian Guelph
;
53
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK III
Lophospira bispiralis Hal/(sp.) —-
Hormotoma whiteavesi sp. nov. - -
Coelidium macrospira Hall (sp.) -
C. cf. vitellia Bil7. (sp.) - - -
Macrochilina sf. ivd. - - < <
Euomphalus fairchildi sf. nov.
Orthoceras trusitum sf. mov. - -
O. crebescens Halil - - - -
O. rectum Worthen - s a 2
Dawsonoceras annulatum var. ameri-
canum - = = = = =
Kionoceras darwini B7Z/. (sp.) a
K. cf. medullare Hall (sp.)- -~ -
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hal] -
C. orodes Bill. - - = L i
C. cf. brevicorne Hall - = 2
C. bovinum sf. zov. — - - - -
Cyrtorhizoceras curvicameratum sf. nov.
Trochoceras desplainense McChesney
T. costatum Hall - - : a
Gyroceras farcimen sf. nov. - -
Poterioceras sauridens sf. nov. - -
Poterioceras sf. - - - -
Protophragmoceras patronus sp. nov. -
Phragmoceras parvum Hall& Whitfield
LOWER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
cc
Ir
UPPER SHELBY
DOLOMITE
ROCHESTER
DOLOMITE
ten
OTHER LOCALITIES
Rare in Guelph of On-
tario
Guelph of Ontario and
Wisconsin
Guelph of Ontario
Waukesha, Racine and
Guelph beds of Wis-
consin
“Niagara limestone” of
Joliet Ill.
Niagaran of New York,
Guelph of Ontario
Racine and Guelph of
Wisconsin, Guelph of
Ontario, limestone of
Yellow Springs O.
Waukesha and Racine
beds of Wisconsin,
Niagaran of Joliet Ill.
Canadian Guelph
Guelph of Canada and
Wisconsin
Guelph of Canada
Racine beds of Wis-
consin
Niagaran of Joliet and
Kankakee river, IIli-
nois, Racine of Wis-
consin, Guelph of
Canada
Racine of Wisconsin
Guelph of Ohio and
Canada
I1I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ba >
el.) £2 pa 3
Bea ee |, Ue
ne me ae
S) AO ao
Bo | 45 | &5
BA ie) OA
° a ie)
4 =) %
66 Cornulites arcuatus Conrad - - c c
67 Leperditia balthica var. guelphica Jones - . c
68 Leperditia sf. - : - - - Ir - r
69 Calymmene niagarensis Hal/ - - r
70 Dalmanites sf. - - - - - - - Ir
71 Proetus sf. - - - = rr
Summary
Total species recorded from the Guelph fauna of New York
From Shelby - : - : - - L
From Rochester - - - - = - - s
Common to upper and lower Shelby horizons -
upper Shelby and Rochester - - -
lower Shelby and Rochester - -
= Shelby and Canadian Guelph - 5 4
upper Shelby and Canadian Guelph -
lower Shelby and Canadian Guelph
Rochester and Canadian Guelph - -
4 New York and Canadian Guelph = -
Shelby and Niagaran faunas of New York
New York Guelph and Niagaran faunas
Shelby Racine, and Waukesha limestones
New York and Wisconsin Guelph - -
Species at Shelby not recorded from Rochester -
73
Rochester not recorded from Shelby -
Rochester, Racine and Waukesha limestones
Rochester and Niagaran faunas of New York -
OTHER LOCALITIES
Lockport limestone
Canadian Guelph
Niagaran of New York,
Guelph of Ontario
and Ohio
ee one NY bs)
=i) V1 ah POLS ee
In considering the relative prevalence of the various classes of organ-
isms in these manifestations of the Guelph fauna in New York we observe
that the several classes have the following distribution :
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 113
BRACHIO- LAMELLI- GASTRO- CEPHALO- CRUS-
CORALS PODS BRANCHS PODS PODS TACEANS
Lower Shelby - - 2 3 I 4 15 fo)
Upper Shelby - - 9 6 2 6 2 3
Rochester - - - 12 7 3 15 10 5
In the lower Shelby horizon the cephalopods prevail, notably in species
and profusely in individuals; furthermore of the three brachiopods one is
Monomorella noveboracum which extraordinarily abounds and is
nowhere else seen; of the four gastropods Trematonotus alpheus
is amazingly prolific and Poleumita crenulata is verycommon. As
to the corals we have every reason for believing that, originally abundant,
their skeletons have been largely destroyed by diagenesis.
In the upper Shelby-Rochester horizon, there has been less destruc-
tion of the corals, and the gastropods and cephalopods are prevailing
species though not rising to such individual development as in the
earlier appearance.
Comparing this condition with the relative development of these
classes in the typical Guelph fauna of Ontario as given by Dr Whiteaves
we find a corresponding prevalence of gastropods and cephalopods; the
lamellibranchs are few in species (nine in a total fauna of 133 species) but
one of these is the ponderous Megalomus canadensis which is
extraordinarily abundant at definite horizons. The brachiopod species rise
to 24 but it is a noteworthy fact that throughout this fuller representation
of the Guelph fauna there is a larger percentage of normal or slightly
modified Niagaran forms than is present in the New York Guelph. No
crinoids or bryozoans are present in either case.
cy '
II4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND SEDIMENTATION
DURING THE PREVALENCE OF THE GUELPH FAUNA
In surveying the composition of this fauna one is impressed with the
fact that irrespective of class divisions, the species on the whole are either
large and heavy shelled or diminutive and thin shelled. We may cite in
illustration of this the condition among the brachiopods. The Trimerel-
lidae including the genera Trimerella, Monomerella and Rhinobolus are
notable, not alone for their abundance but as well for their great size
and weight. Similarly heavy and abundant in Ontario is Pentamerus
occidentalis, but for the rest of the brachiopod species all are not
merely small and thin shelled but diminutive, specially those which have
been continued forward from earlier existence in the Niagaran fauna.
Among the lamellibranchs the Canadian fauna contains, as just noted,
the heavy Megalomus in surpassing abundance and another thick shelled
species, Goniophora crassa, but the other species in Canada
and all in New York are small and insignificant. The gastropods are
chiefly long, heavy, turreted shells, but a few are of small size. If a diverse
habit of growth is indicated by these differences we find that among the
cephalopods more uniform effects are expressed as though uniform condi-
tions encompassed and qualified this entire group. The well known habit of
life of these creatures would preclude the likelihood of their being subjected
to such widely distinct conditions as those which have affected the rest.
Of the trilobites all the large species of the Niagaran fauna are absent.
Professor T. C. Chamberlin, in studying the character of the upper
Siluric dolomites of Wisconsin, recognized the fact that the lenticular accu-
mulations of the Racine limestone were ancient coral reefs and we shall find
on comparison of the phenomena presented by the dolomites in New York
with these Racine reefs, with the Jurassic reefs which have been elaborately
investigated in France and with conditions of life and sedimentation pre-
vailing on existing reefs, conclusive reasons for construing those dolomites
as reef formations.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK I15
We may note, first, that the dolomite which carries the chert nodules
of the upper horizon (upper Shelby and Rochester) is highly magnesian.'
It shows no stratification, is usually dark and so bituminous that it gives
off a strong petroleum odor when fresh or struck with the hammer. It is
for the most part granular, though compact and contains numerous white
silicious concretions in which the fossils are preserved. Outside of these
nodules fossils are rarely found except remains of Stromatopora, Halysites
and other corals.
It is claimed by Walther and other writers and may be regarded a
matter of general acceptance that noncrystalline dolomites carrying so high
a percentage of magnesia as these are distinctly coraligenous.” Coral rocks
of later geologic age may show higher percentages of magnesia than this as
the amount apparently increases the longer the process of diagenesis con-
tinues ; in other calcareous deposits the content of magnesia is always small
and this is in correspondence with the fact that shell limestones now form-
ing are low in magnesian content. The skeleton of living corals actually
contains but relatively little magnesian salts (Madrepora muricata
2.4% and Isis 6.3%) but it is known that during diagenesis or the sum of the
little known processes by which a sediment is changed into rock, the coral
tOne of the white chert nodules from the Nellis quarry, Rochester gave the following:
SiO, ereeoeeeoeeeeseee eee ee 74.973% Mg oot B2ROPRP Pee PF Geese eee e828 & 4. 366%
CB condbesuocascocodosues, BoGugyg (Ch Ce IsIAOs loco bologdnonodccs60¢ 9.112%
Fe &) Ale tien sens Sfavepeucleietud bie» 68% (Analysis by P. N. Coupland)
The dark dolomite from the same locality gave: MgO 20.95% or MgCO; 444%. The
lighter dolomite from the lower Shelby bed at Shelby gave: MgO 16.43% or MgCO, 36+%.
(Analyses by G. I. Finlay)
Walther. Einleitung in die Geologie als historische Wissenschaft. 1894. p. 663 et seg.
3Doelter and Hoernes have supposed [ Jahrb. 2. k. geol.-Reichsanst. Vienna. 1875.
Pp. 331] that the magnesian salts of the sea water, specially Mg Cl, act on the calcareous
secretions of the organisms as soon as formed. Walther [of. cit. p. 708] thinks the pro-
duct due in large measure to bacterial action, just as bacteria have been shown to pro-
duce deposits of calcium carbonate by forming ammonium carbonate which in turn acts
on the calcium sulfate of the sea water.
hh |
116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
rock segregates and concentrates the magnesia of the sea water more than
any other sedimentary material. We may note that the admixture of bitu-
minous matter in these Guelph dolomites is further indication of their coral
reef origin, or is at least in harmony with recent observations on living coral
reefs where petroleum has been found in process of formation as a result of
the transformation of the organic matter of the reef. The cavernous char-
acter of the dolomites may, according to the views of Walther and others,
be regarded not as the result of subsequent corrosion but as the remnants
of original cavities in the growing reef which have not been closed up with
coral sand.
The chert concretions which are characteristic of the upper Guelph
horizon at Rochester and Shelby are doubtless a byproduct of the diagene-
sis which altered the coral limerock to a dolomite. These nodules contain
fossils with their exterior ornament finely retained, that is replaced in amor-
phous silica, while in the dolomite the shell substance has been removed and
never replaced. The source of the silica here, as in the like segregations
associated with limestone, is probably to be found in spicules of sponges,
organisms which contribute importantly to the comminution of shells and
coral skeletons, specially the boring forms like Cliona.* It is known that
sponges, both silicious and calcareous occur abundantly on the western edge
of the Florida bank.”
The suggestion, derived from its lithologic characters as to the reef
origin of the rocks, is fully borne out by the character of the fauna. The
dolomite everywhere contains fragments or traces of corals specially of
Stromatopora, Favosites, Syringopores and Cladopora. Here, however, as
in other cases of fossil coral reefs, the coral masses have been largely
destroyed or altered beyond recognition.
We have noted the existence of extremes of size in the Guelph organ-
isms, the ponderous heavy shelled species, and the diminutive forms. One
reading the account given by Klunzinger? of the life inhabiting the reefs
*Hancock. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 3: 231.
Agassiz, A. Three Cruises of the Blake. 1888. 1: 149.
3 Bilder aus Oberagypten. 1878. p. 334.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK II7
of the Red sea learns that in the numerous cavities and in the small ponds
between the masses of seaweed there is displayed an overwhelming variety
of small gastropods, echinoderms, lamellibranchs and crustaceans. The
gastropods are evidently the prevailing class, the lamellibranchs fewer and
the cephalopods almost wholly absent. On the outer edge of the reef
where the surf beats with wild force and the corals best flourish there are
the thick shelled mollusks which without hiding defy the surf; species of
Conus, Ricinula, Fasciolaria, Turbinella and Trochus. The ponderous
Monomerellas, Rhinoboli, Trimerellas, Pentamerus, Megalomus, Goni-
ophora crassa and the numerous large gastropods were obviously
adapted to similar life conditions on the Guelph reefs, and the contrasting
abundant small gastropods, brachiopods and lamellibranchs found congenial
conditions in the cavities between the branches of the coral stocks and in
the ponds among the alga patches on the reef.
More than one consideration suggests that increasing salinity assisted
the development of the thick shelled mollusks. We must look upon the
Guelph as a distinct phase in the development of the vast Niagaran coral
sea into the desiccating, inclosed sea of the Salina stage, when the salinity
of the water finally destroyed all life. The subsequent discussion of the
Guelph will show that the Guelph sea was the outcome of a shrinking of
the Niagaran sea; it is a derivative of the Niagaran fauna, specially of that
element which distinguishes the Racine dolomite of Wisconsin, but it has
greatly diminished and its residuum shows a definite adaptation to peculiar
conditions. It is therefore legitimate to conclude that the inclosure and
desiccation of the continental Niagaran sea had already begun to manifest
its influence. Investigations of recent marine faunas sufficiently support
this view. Von Baer has shown’ that in the deep eastern channel of the
Caspian sea the magnesian carbonate is much increased and the calcium
salts are decreased over their relative proportions elsewhere; under this
altered composition of the sea water the shells grow thick and heavier,
*Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. 1856. p. 591.
118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
while in the less saline waters of the shallow region they are thin and
small.
The dolomite series from the top of the Rochester shale into the
Salina bed shows an irregularly increasing magnesian content and increas-
ing salinity. The occurrence of immense banks containing millions of the
extraordinarily ponderous Megalomus suggests that increasing salinity may
be an essential cause of its great size, for oysters are known to similarly
increase in size and thickness of shell in the deeper and more saline parts
of the sea. The corals, however, are considerably more sensitive to lack
of salt than to increase in salinity. They avoid the neighborhood of river
mouths but flourish luxuriantly in the Red sea, which receiving little fresh
water drainage, and having but restricted communication with the open sea,
is known to possess considerably higher salinity than the ocean without.
Altogether the Red sea with its greater salinity, extensive coral reefs and
abundant life seems an excellent portrayal of the conditions of the Guelph
sea. A complete inclosure of that body of water would repeat the condi-
tions that led to the formation of the Salina beds, with the exception that
the Salina sea still at times received much terrigenous detritus.
Various writers have shown that once the optimum of salinity is passed
concentration of the brine produces disastrous effects on organisms. Dall
has shown that in the salt lagoons or salt pans of the Bahamas’ the effect
of this concentration is shown in the diminished size and thin shells of the
mollusks and among the gastropods in a tendency to irregularity of coil
and effacement of sculpture. Such extreme conditions may be conceived
to have led to the depauperation and actual extinction of the fauna of the
Salina stage. In this connection we may note one gastropod of the Guelph,
Loxoplocus solutus Whiteaves, which is unique among upper Siluric
gastropods in being a completely uncoiled Murchisonia, and which may
have received the impulse to its peculiar aberration from the gradually
increasing salinity of the water.
*Mus. Comp. Zool. Bul. 1894. ~v. 25, no. 9, p. 113.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1 ie)
We may compare the conditions of the Guelph sea and the character of
its fauna with those of fossil coral reefs which have been clearly recognized
in the sediments of other formations. Perhaps the best instances are to be
found in the Jurassic reefs of France and the Racine reefs of Wisconsin.
In France the investigations of Oppel, Niosch, and more specially of
the Abbé Bourgeat,’ whose results are reproduced in condensed form in
Felix Bernard’s Prznczples of Paleontology,? have shown that reefs were
formed at various epochs of the upper Jurassic, and that for every sep-
arate coral facies there is always a corresponding muddy or lagoon facies
and pelagic facies of the same age, but very different in the character of the
fossils. The reef of Valfin is cited in illustration of these conditions.
The mass of the reef is described as a limestone of corallic origin; here
and there in the irregular mazes is found the special fauna of the reefs
which is here very abundant, and particularly rich in forms showing a thick
test “which is in accordance with the fact that, the corals growing in
regions beaten by waves, the forms, inhabiting them, must necessarily be
provided with a strong power of resistance, while small sized species having
a thinner covering are only found in well sheltered places.” The fauna is
described as follows: ‘“‘There are of the gastropods numerous Nerineas,
Cerithiums, Naticas, Turbos, Pleurotomarias; of the Acephala, Diceras (13
species), Lima, Pecten, Trigonia, Corbis; regular Echini of the family of
Cidaridae.” We note that the Pleurotomarias, which appear in the Guelph
reef with 14 species, are still prominent upon the Jurassic reefs, the long,
turreted, heavy Paleozoic Murchisonias, Loxonemas, Subulites correspond
in their habit to the Nerineas and Cerithiums so prominent upon the
Jurassic reefs; and the Poleumitas, so abundant in our Guelph are the
Turbos of the later reefs. The Acephala however had not yet attained
prominence among the earlier reefs.
On the east side of the Valfin reefs the coraligenous facies changes,
passing by intercalation into marls more and more mixed with clay. This
tRecherches sur les formations coralligénes du Jura méridional. 1887.
2See translation in N. Y. State Geol. 14th An. Rept. 1895. p. 200.
120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
is the lagoon region between the barrier reef and the shore “ which was not
far to the east.” Its fauna is greatly different from that of the reef, the
heavy Nerineas and Diceras and the corals having entirely disappeared.
On the other side of the reef the corals disappear suddenly and the
pelagic facies extends far toward the north into the open sea. It is charac-
terized by Ammonites, Belemnites, brachiopods and Echini.
The great numeric preponderance of the cephalopods in the lower
Shelby dolomite would, by comparison with the equal preponderance of this
class in the pelagic facies of the reef, suggest that this may represent the
pelagic facies or pelagic side of an early Guelph reef.
An excellent description of the facies of the ancient coraliferous sea
of Racine age in Wisconsin has been given by T. C. Chamberlin... We
quote part of his interesting summation:
It appears, then, that in the southern counties there are three well
marked classes of limestones, with intermediate gradations, one class, con-
sisting of very irregular often brecciated or conglomeritic dolomite, forming
masses that usually appear as mounds, or ridges of rock, of obscure stratifi-
cation, a second class, formed of pure, soft, granular dolomites, a part of
them calcareous sandrock, and a third class, consisting of compact, fine
grained, regular, even beds. We have demonstrated that the three forms
change into each other when traced horizontally. They were therefore
formed simultaneously. The view that best explains these facts is, (1) that
the mounds and ridges were ancient reefs, and (2) that the granular sand
rock was formed from calcareous sands, derived by wave-action from the reef,
and (3) that the compact strata originated from the deposit of the finer cal-
careous mud that settled in deeper and more quiet waters, the whole process
being analogous to, if not identical with, the coral formation of the present
seas.
But before pursuing this analogy farther, it will be well to consider the
evidences of life found in these rocks. While some of the reefs, or at least
that portion of them that happens to be exposed to examination, present
only a few fragments of fossils, others are prolific in organic remains, and
some of them are remarkable for the richness and variety of their fauna.
The reef near Wauwatosa (Schoonmaker’s quarry), is a striking instance of
this. There have been collected from it, chiefly by Dr Day, probably not
less than 200 species. Of these there have been identified 28 corals, 8 bryo-
*Geol. Wisconsin. 1877. 2: 368-71.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 121
zoans, 4 crinoids, 19 brachiopods, 11 gastropods, 9 lamellibranchs, 24 cephalo-
pods, and 16 trilobites. And an exhaustive examination of the collections
would doubtless much increase the number.
Of the granular varieties of rock, that which is nearest allied to the reef
rock is peculiarly notable for an abundance of crinoids. The locality near
Racine is preeminent in this respect. Upwards of 30 species have been
identified from this one locality. These are associated, as will be seen by
consulting the table, with a large number of corals, brachiopods, gastropods,
cephalopods, trilobites and a lesser number of other forms.
The fauna of the compact strata is distinguished for the conspicuous
presence of the straight and curved cephalopods with comparatively few
associates. The cephalopods are abundant, as already noted, in the reefs
and crinoid beds, but are overshadowed by the number and variety of other
forms, while in the compact rock they greatly predominate.
It appears then, (1) that upon the reefs there swarmed a vast variety
of life; (2) that upon certain banks or shoal areas there was also great
abundance and variety, among which the crinoid family attained unusual
prominence; (3) that over areas of submarine sand flats there either was
little life present, or, from the porous nature of the rock, it has been illy
preserved, and (4) that over the deeper areas, that deposited fine calcareous
mud, the gigantic cephalopods held sway. The counterpart of all this is to
be found among the coral reefs of today.
These conditions in Wisconsin continued from Racine into the Guelph
time, as Chamberlin says of the Guelph (p. 377):
In its lithological character, in does not differ essentially from the
Racine limestone, being in general a rough, thick bedded, irregular dolo-
mite, usually quite free from impurities, and of buff, gray, or blue color.
The distinction between the two subdivisions is a paleontological rather
than a physical one. In the latter respect there is less difference between
these than either of the other members of the group. There was evidently
no marked change in the physical history of the region, but the same con-
ditions continued from the beginning of the deposit of the Racine limestone
to the close of the formation of the Guelph beds. In the interval, however,
the life underwent a change by the introduction of the species that charac-
terize the Guelph horizon. This introduction was gradual, so that many
localities show a mingling of the two faunas.
In New York the Guelph period was still a time of coral reefs, and the
distribution of the peculiar fauna, characteristic of this reef in Ontario and
Ohio, shows that probably the entire shallow Guelph basin was more or less
studded with coral reefs.
ih)
122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GUELPH
In the identification of the Guelph fauna in North America difficulties
arise from two sources, firstly from the evident failure to discern
between the Niagara and Guelph rock in some regions, again from the lack
of reliable fossil lists of the upper Siluric. On account of the changing
correlations of the upper Siluric beds in some of the states with advancing
knowledge such an inquiry has to assume the character of a history of
investigations upon the Guelph in these states. We, therefore, present
here such a history which will furnish the data for a summary statement
of the distribution of the Guelph in North America.
After Professor Hall had recorded the existence of ‘Onondaga salt
group” fossils in Wayne county, N. Y. and in Ontario, he discovered dur-
ing his geologic investigations of Iowa’ a limestone at the Rapids of
Le Claire, Iowa of which he says:
‘In descending the Mississippi river the Niagara limestone is suc-
ceeded by a gray or whitish gray limestone. The whole mass is semi-
crystalline, very porous, and vescicular from the solution and removal of
fossils.” He thought that it might exceed 600 feet in thickness and adds:
So far as we are able to ascertain this important formation has not
heretofore been recognized in western geology, or, if recognized, has been
confounded with the Niagara limestone. From this, however, it is quite
distinct, both in its lithological character and its fossil remains.
The fossils are all in the form of casts, and among them is a small
Spirifer, a Spirigera, a Pentamerus undistinguishable from P. occiden-
talis, several gastropods and some chambered shells. In this reconnais-
sance no very complete collections were made, but as far as they enable us
to form an opinion, the fossils of the limestones of the Le Claire rapids are
very similar to those of the limestone of Galt in Upper Canada. The simi-
larity of position is worthy of notice.
Should the identity of the limestone of these two distinct localities be
proved, it will afford sufficient ground for separating these beds from the
Onondaga salt group, and for establishing a distinct group. It seems quite
probable that the limestones of this period have their eastern extremity in
central New York, where, from their small development, as well as from
Geol. Sur. Iowa. 1858. 1:73-80.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 123
similarity of lithological character there seemed no sufficient ground for
separating them from the nonfossiliferous bed of the Onondaga salt
group. Since, however, in Canada these beds attain considerable impor-
tance, and (admitting the conclusions above given) acquire a still greater
thickness and more distinctive character on the Mississippi river, it seems
necessary to elevate these to the same rank as the other groups of the
series.
Hall here first clearly recognizes the Galt beds as a separate group and
this position was strongly reiterated in Paleontology of New York, 1859,
25 ZO
This correlation of the Le Claire limestone was soon after attacked by
A. H. Worthen? who claimed that the limestone was without any true
lines of bedding, that Hall greatly overestimated its thickness’ and that the
beds and fossils at Le Claire were to be correlated with those of Bridgeport
near Chicago and Port Byron IIl., “all of which are claimed to represent
but the Niagara limestone.” It would appear, however from Worthen’s
statements that the fossils upon which he bases his views, specially Penta-
merus oblongus, occur only in the lower part of the bed at Bridge-
port and Port Byron, while Hall already cited a distinct Guelph form in
Pentamerus occidentalis from the Le Claire limestone. Hall and
Clarke have cited several species of Trimerella and Monomerella from Port
Byron and other localities of this dolomite and there can be no doubt that
the Guelph is represented therein.
This rock is described by Worthen ?as follows:
At Bridgeport, near Chicago, the rock presents the same general char-
acters as at Port Byron and Le Claire, and is extensively used for the manu-
facture of lime. West and northwest of Chicago and just outside the city
limits, it is highly charged with petroleum. .. This bituminous portion of
the limestone is from 35 to 40 feet thick, and at the artesian well was found
to be underlaid by about 80 feet of regularly bedded limestone, which no
doubt includes the Athens marble and the Joliet limestone.
xAm. Jour. Science. 1862. 33:46-47; Geol. Sur. Illinois. 1866. 1:30.
The latter point was conceded by Hall in the N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 20th An.
Rep’t. 1867. p. 307.
3Geol. Sur. Illinois. 1866. 1: 132.
ili ys,
124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
From these statements of Hall and Worthen it would appear that the
uppermost 35 to 4o feet of these beds alone may represent the Guelph.
A few years later Hall explored the geology of the central and eastern
portions of Wisconsin, and the adjacent parts of Illinois. His results are
published in the Report of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, 1862, v. 1.
In this important work he separated [p. 67] the Racine limestone from the
Niagara limestone proper, as the upper member of the Niagara group. Of
the fauna of this limestone is said:
Few of the species are identical with those in the Niagara group farther
to the east, or in the State of New York, though the Caryocrinus, in its
condition of casts, is not distinguishable from the C. ornatus of New
York, Kentucky and Tennessee.
The species already identified with known species of the Niagara group
in New York in addition to the Caryocrinus, are Spirifer niagaren-
sis, S. radiatusand Strophomena rugosa, while we have a Spiri-
fer allied to S. sulcatus and an IlIlaenus closely allied to or identical
with L. (Bumastus) barriensis.
In regard to its correlation it is stated: “It may be considered iden-
tical with the Le Claire limestone of Iowa, holding precisely the same
geological position, and containing some similar if not identical fossils, and
both limestones must be regarded as a part of the Niagara group.”
From this statement it is clear that, on account of the recognition of
New York Niagaran fossils in this Racine bed, Hall considered the Le Claire
limestone, which he here correlates with the Racine, neither as belonging to
the Onondaga salt group nor to a later stage than Niagaran, but as a mem-
ber of the Niagaran group.
No mention was made in this report of the finding of Guelph fossils
in the Racine bed, but it is stated in the 20¢h Annual Report of the New
York State Cabinet Natural History, 1867, p. 307:
At the same time, we have recognized from Racine and adjacent locali-
ties, including Le Claire in lowa and a single locality in Illinois, the following
species which are identical or very closely allied to those from Galt in
Canada West: Pentamerus occidentalis, an Obolus-like fossil, a
Favosites and a species of Amplexus which are identical in several locali-
ties, Cyclonema sulcata, Murchisonia logani, Murchisonia iden-
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 125
tical or closely allied to M. mylitta Billings, an undescribed Murchisonia
identical with one from Galt, Subulites ventricosa, Pleuroto-
maria solarioides?, Loxonema longispira, besides other forms
which are closely allied to species of the Guelph limestone.
Hall had hence clearly recognized the presence of the Niagaran and
of the Guelph fauna also in the Racine beds, a conclusion which has been
fully verified.
While Hall worked out the relations of these beds in the west, Billings’
added to the Guelph fossils described by Hall in v. 2, Paleontology of
New York, a considerable number of new forms, among them specially
the large brachiopods Trimerella and Monomerella cited hitherto as
Oboluslike forms, and Logan? described the stratigraphic relations of the
formation in Canada. As to the relation of the Niagaran and Guelph
Sir William remarks in this work:
In Canada, the Niagara rocks are succeeded by a series of strata,
which appear to be wanting in the State of New York... It has
already been stated that the strata seen near the mouth of the Riviere aux
Sables, at Chief's Point, probably strike along the coast, by Lyell Island to
Cape Hurd; and belong in part to the Niagara formation whose character-
istic fossils are met with in several localities along the shore. These strata,
however, have for the most part the lithologic characters of the Guelph
formation, and some of their undescribed species of Murchisonia have a
strong resemblance to others found in this series) The Pleurotomaria
huronensis, which belongs to the Guelph rocks, occurs on Lyell island
associated with Pentamerus oblongus, and other characteristic
Niagara species; so that it is not impossible that some of the strata along
this coast may constitute a passage between the Niagara and Guelph
formation.
The Guelph formation appears to be absent from the State of New
York, and in Canada it probably has the form of a great lenticular mass,
the limit of which between Niagara and Guelph is uncertain, though it
appears to extend beyond Ancaster. In the other direction it seems to thin
out in Lake Huron, before reaching the northern Peninsula of Michigan.
Hall had noted before this that ‘‘at some points on the northern shore
of Lake Michigan and elsewhere in the lake region, there occurs a light
* Paleozoic Fossils. 1861-65. v. 1.
2 Geol. Canada. 1867. p. 336.
3Pal.N. Y. 1859. 3:30.
126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
colored limestone lying above the Niagara strata, containing generally few
fossils and among them some forms not unlike those of that in Canada
West.”
As to the general character of the Guelph Hall concludes:
I am therefore induced to believe that this limestone at Racine, the
mass at Le Claire and extending thence into Iowa, as well as the Guelph for-
mation in Canada and the feeble representation of the same in New York,
are really lenticular masses of greater or less extent, which have accumu-
lated upon the unequal surface of the ocean bed in a shallow sea during the
latter part of the Niagara period. These isolated masses of limestone have
close relation with each other while their relation with the Onondaga salt
group, though very intimate in the single locality in central New York,
becomes less and less conspicuous in a westerly direction.
A considerable number of Galt fossils are described in this 20th
Museum report among the fossils from the Racine beds of Wisconsin.
Wisconsin. The relations of the Guelph of Wisconsin have been fully
treated by T. C. Chamberlin in Geology of Wesconsin, 1877, 2:335 ef seg.
The Niagara group is here divided as follows from top downward :
At the south At the north
1 Guelph beds 1 Guelph beds
2 Racine beds 2 Racine beds
(3 Upper Coral beds
3. Waukesha beds 4 Lower Coral beds
| 5 Byron beds
4 Mayville beds 6 Mayville beds
In regard to the Guelph and Racine beds it is said:
The term Guelph has been applied to the uppermost beds on account
of a similarity of fossils to those of the Guelph limestone of Canada, to
which the Wisconsin formation is probably equivalent. The recognition of
this equivalence is due to Professor Whitfield.
The Racine beds are the equivalent of what has been known as the
Racine limestone, except that the upper portion is now separated as Guelph,
and the reefs and associated rocks west of Milwaukee which have been
referred to a lower horizon, are included in it.
The suggestion of Hall that a Guelph and a Niagaran horizon are con-
*N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. z2oth An. Rep’t. 1867. p. 307.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 127
tained in the Racine limestone, has here been verified and the separation
carried out.
The fauna of the Racine limestone was described and figured by R. P.
Whitfield in Geology of Wesconsen, 1882, v. 4. A consideration of the
fossil lists there given brings out some interesting facts.
In the Lower Coral beds there occur, together with Niagaran corals,
Dinobolus conradi (originally described from the Le Claire and
Racine limestones), Trimerella grandis, Trochonema (Poleumita?),
Murchisonia hercyna (a Canadian Guelph form called billings-
ana by Miller, as Billings’s name is preoccupied). This limestone is 70
feet in greatest thickness.
None of these fossils occur in the Upper Coral beds (90 feet).
The Racine beds (consisting of three facies, viz coral reefs, coral sand
and compact strata with cephalopods) contain, together with typical Niaga-
ran brachiopods, the following Guelph forms:
Trimerella grandis, Whitfieldella hyale, Megalomus
canadensis, Straparollus solarioides, Bucania angus-
tata (=Trematonotus alpheus), Murchisonia macros-
pira, M. mylitta, Cyrtoceras brevicorne, C. arcticamera-
tum, Trochoceras desplainense.
The Guelph bed is said not to differ essentially from the Racine, being
in general a rough, thick bedded, irregular dolomite, usually quite free from
impurities. The distinction between the two subdivisions is paleontologic
rather than physical and the introduction of the Guelph fossils was so
gradual that many localities show a mingling of the two faunas. The beds
are more regular and compact than the subjacent Racine and gastropods
predominate among the fossils.
The following Canadian Guelph species appear in the list of fossils:
Monomerella prisca, Whitfieldella hyale, Megalo-
mus canadensis, Holopea guelphensis, H. harmonia,
Loxonema boydi, M. hercyna, M. logani, M. longis-
pira, M. macrospira, Cyrtoceras arcticameratum.
ay
Bi 1
128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
These lists bring out the following facts: (1) that a considerable num-
ber of characteristic Guelph fossils appear as early as the Racine beds, a
few even in the Lower Coral beds, (2) that the large brachiopods
(Trimerellids) appear before or with the earliest Guelph gastropods (as at
Shelby), (3) that neither the Racine nor the Guelph beds of Wisconsin
contain a pure Guelph fauna, but also numerous Niagaran forms.
Hall and Clarke,* writing at a later date than the work cited, give the
following brachiopods from Wisconsin :
Rhinobolus davidsoni H. &C., Grafton, Monomerella cf.
orbicularis Billings, near Grafton, M. egani H. & C., Grafton, M.
greeni H. &C,, Grafton, Dinobolus conradi Hall, Racine, Graf-
ton. Schuchert cites?also Conchidium occidentale Hall, Williams-
town, Stricklandinia multilirata Whitfield, Sheboygan.
Iowa. Dr Samuel Calvin in the Report of the Geological Survey of
Towa, 1896, 5:50, has divided the Niagaran into four stages from the top
down: Bertram, Anamosa, Le Claire, Delaware (Hall’s Niagara).
In regard to the Le Claire stage it is stated that its strata are restricted
to the southwestern corner of the Niagaran area. It is generally a massive
or heavy bedded, highly crystalline dolomite. It contains little chert and
in its lower part there are few fossils. There are occasionally specimens of
Pentamerus of the P. occidentalis type, and casts of corals. In the
upper part small brachiopods abound of the genera Homoeospira, Tremato-
spira, Nucleospira, Rhynchonella, Rhynchotreta, Atrypa, Spirifer and prob-
ably others.
The Le Claire limestone is, in some respects, unique among the geologic
formations of Iowa. Locally, it varies extremely in thickness, so that its
upper surface is very undulating and it is strongly cross bedded. It is
suggested by Calvin that the eddies of strong currents piled up the material
in lenticular heaps.
Anamosa stage. This is Hall’s ‘Onondaga salt group”, an earthy,
PAINE Vig O02: eV, 16,"ptit.
Synopsis Am. Paleoz. Brach. 1897. p. 187.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 129
finely and perfectly laminated dolomite, quite free from fossils, but in Cedar
county the brachiopod fauna of the upper part of the Le Claire reappears in
great force, up near the top of the formation. It was laid down on the
uneven floor of the Le Claire formation.
Bertram stage. An irregularly bedded, nonfossiliferous dolomite with-
out fossils.
In volume 11 of the same report, the Anamosa and Le Claire stages are
grouped together under the designation Gower limestone... The Anamosa
d
“phase” is said to consist of soft granular limestones (dolomites?) with
very few fossils, while the Le Claire facies is hard bluish gray limestone
(dolomite?) with numerous fossils. ‘‘These are often gregarious, and
while no complete list of species has been made out, the fauna is known to
represent that of the Guelph of Canada. The Le Claire occurs in places in
mounds 50 feet high and over, in which little semblance of stratification is
to be seen. The rock is brecciated or conglomeritic.” [p.305 |
This paper accepts the theory which had already been suggested by
Hall that “at the close of the Niagara huge mounds and ridges were built
on the bottom of the shallow Silurian sea, in part by the accumulation zz
sztu of corals, crinoids and molluscous shells, and in part by the drift of cal-
careous sediments under strong currents. That these reefs were near the
surface is attested by their conglomeritic character.”
Illinois. The reports of the Illinois Geological Survey [1-8] give no
data in regard to the occurrence of the Guelph in Illinois, as Worthen
declined to admit the Guelph nature of the Le Claire limestone [see above].
We have cited above, a number of typical Guelph species from Illinois
localities but we learn from Prof. Stuart Weller who has been intimately
concerned with the study of the Niagaran fauna that it is not now possible,
with existing exposures, to say what part of the species recorded as from
the “ Niagara” of Illinois have actually been derived from the upper or
Guelph horizon.
There are at Grafton 120 feet of a buff colored dolomite in regular
*Norton, W. H. Geology of Cedar County.
130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
beds and in Cook county the upper beds are described as consisting of a
light gray fossiliferous limestone weathering to a yellow or buff color, of a
decidedly concretionary structure, and showing stratification very imper-
fectly. The rock is in many places stained with bitumen, and contains cavi-
ties filled with the substance in a semifluid condition. This rock seems to
agree lithologically with the Guelph beds of Wisconsin.
Indiana. No indications of the presence of the Guelph beds in this
state have been found in the Indiana geological reports. In the 21st
report the following series of beds is given by Foerste: (1) Clinton; (2)
Basal Niagara limestone; (3) Lower Osgood clay; (4) Osgood limestone ;
(5) Upper Osgood clay; (6) Laurel limestone; (7) Waldron shale. Above
the Waldron shale follows the Louisville limestone, with an average thick-
ness of 40-55 feet. In regard to this it is stated [p. 233] that immediately
below the overlying Corniferous limestone there are found in it, in Clark
county, Pentamerus mysius var. crassicosta, Strombodes
pentagonus, Favosites favosus, Halysites catenulatus.
There is herein no Guelph representation in the Louisville limestone.
In the 22d annual report, Foerste [p. 214] records that fossils are rare
in this limestone, and that most of them have been found just above the
Waldron shale; that, further, the lowest fossils which could with certainty
be identified with species from Devonic horizons have usually occurred
25 or 30 feet above the Waldron shale. It is added that the opinion,
frequently expressed, that all the rocks overlying the Waldron shale are
Devonic and that the top of the Waldron shale marks the top of the
Siluric, it is believed will not stand investigation. The Catalogue of the
Fossils of Indiana, furnished by Mr E. M. Kindle, contains no Guelph
species.
In the geologic description of northern Indiana by I. A. Price in the
24th annual report, it is also stated that the Waldron shale does not form
the top of the upper Siluric. At a number of placessome 10 or 12 feet
of intervening limestone is to be found between the shale and the base of
the Devonic. This is called the Hartsville bed and is considered as corre-
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 131
sponding stratigraphically to Foerste’s Louisville limestone farther south.
It contains no fossils.
We may conclude therefore from the observations here recorded that
no strata which either lithologically or faunistically can be considered as
representing the Guelph have as yet been found in this state.
Michigan. Hall has distinctly stated* that “at some points on the
northern shore of Lake Michigan . . . there occurs a light colored lime-
stone lying above the Niagara strata, containing generally few fossils and
among them some forms not unlike those of Galt.” He also noted this fact
in his description of Pentamerus occidentalis.” The description
of the rocks of the Niagara group of the upper peninsula of Michigan 3
furnishes no additional facts concerning the distribution of these rocks in
that still little known region, but from the fact that the Niagara skirts the
entire south shore of the Upper Peninsula and that the Salina beds appear
along the water edge in some places, as in St Marys Bay, near Mackinac
strait, the probable position of the Guelph outcrops may be located. It is,
therefore, highly probable that the beds with Pentamerus and corals
mentioned by Rominger as occurring at many places on the north shore of
Lake Michigan represent actual Guelph beds. The occurrence of large
Murchisonias, mentioned by the same author, supports this supposition.
Ohio. Guelph fossils are known to occur in Ohio. Hall and Clarke
cite the following brachiopods :¢
Monomerella prisca Billings, Rising Sun, Wood co.; M. new-
Det hy i nhicei Wen Genoa) Vii omtomm hl 6a Gx Rising, Sun.) i rime r-
ella acuminata Billings, near Hillsboro, T. grandis Billings, near
Sinking Spring, T. ohioensis Meek, Rising Sun, Genoa and Ottawa
county.
In the second volume of Paleontology of Ohto Hall and Whitfield
JEEVAN Ma EUS 28 IO
2 Pal NyVom Loser 29342"
3Rominger, Dr C. Geol. Sur. Michigan. Paleozoic Rocks. 1873. v. 3,pt 2. p. 31.
4, Pals NeWVeny 1892-5 onte Os. pb) ts
TW
132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
described and figured the following Guelph forms: Trematonotus
alpheus (Genoa and Springfield), Straparollus niagarensis
(Cedarville) Trochonema pauper (Greenville), Cyrtoceras her-
zeri (Cedarville), C. myrice (Yellow Springs), Phragmoceras par-
vum (Cedarville).
Newberry * says:
In the northern part of the state the best exposures of the Niagara are
at Geneva, Elmore and Washington. . . In all this region only the upper
part of the Niagara is seen, the equivalent of the Guelph limestone of
Canada... This portion of the formation is a rough, cellular, cream
colored magnesian limestone sometimes mistaken for sandstone, yet being
nearly a typical dolomite in composition. .. The cells and cavities which
are so characteristic of this rock are usually produced through the removal,
by solution, of the shells, of which it once contained great numbers; hence
all its fossils are represented by casts only.
Among the fossils of the Niagara [Guelph] group which occur most
abundantly in northern Ohio, may be mentioned Megalomus cana-
densis, Tremanotus alpheus, Pleurotomaria solarioimdes
Murchisonia macrospira, DPrimerella ohioensis, Penta.
merus occidentalis, Cypricardites? quadrilatera, Favo-
sites niagarensis, Obolus conrad? ete
In the southwestern portion of the state one of the best sections is
found at Hillsboro and was thus determined by Edward Orton.’
FEET
1 Hillsboro sandstone . - - - - - - 30
2 Guelph, Cedarville or Pentamerus limestone — - - 20
3 Upper or Springfield cliff - - - - - - 45
4 Lower or West Union cliff - - - - - 45
5 Niagara shales - - - - - - - - 60
6 Dayton limestone - - - - - - . 5
Newberry says of this: “The upper limestone of the Hillsboro section
is evidently the equivalent of that exposed at Geneva, Elmore, etc., and
like that, represents the Guelph division of the Niagara, It contains
nearly the same fossils at Hillsboro as at Geneva... but Pentamerus
*Geol. Ohio. 1873. 1:129.
2 Report of Progress for 1870, p. 301.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 133
oblongus is much more abundant here than at the north.” The
appended list of fossils includes, besides Niagaran corals and crinoids:
irimerne lla oltoensis, L crandis, Obolus ‘conrad Ren-
tamerus.oblongus, Murchisonia macrospira, M. laphami,
Platystoma niagarense, Megalomus canadensis, Trocho-
ceras desplaimense, Orthoceras abnormie Calymmene
niagarensis.
From Dr Orton’s original description of this section’ we select the
following data: The Guelph or Cedarville limestone is a massive magnesian
limestone (carbonate of lime 54.25%, carbonate of magnesia 43.23%) varying
in thickness from 20 to go feet. Even where the whole of the original
deposit is present, as in sections where it is found inclosed between higher
and lower formations, it has the wide limits already given. It contains
bituminous matter distributed through its substance, and it is pointed out
that the oil-bearing limestones of Chicago belong to the same horizon.
This formation is often destitute of distinct bed lines in its structure. It is
acted on quite easily by atmospheric agencies and by its unequal weath-
ering the faces of the cliffs that it forms are rough and irregular.
It will be noticed that this rock shows notable agreement with the
Guelph rocks of New York.
Pentamerus oblongus is the most common fossil of the Guelph
through this region and further west and it gave the name to the formation.
In New York and Canada this shell is a Clinton and Niagaran species but
in Ohio it appears in full force only in the upper Niagaran limestone and
Guelph. Certain layers are heavily charged with Megalomus while Trim-
erella is also very abundant. Large gastropods and corals show in many
places. The Guelph is overlain by and interstratified with the Hillsboro
sandstone and is the only known instance of distinct shore conditions
recognizable during the Guelph stage.
Orton also described the section at Yellow Springs, Greene co. where
*Rep’t of Progress, 1871, p. 278 ef seg.
134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the Cedarville dolomite shows an exposure of 23 feet, with a total of 4o
feet. In connection with this section it is remarked :’
It has received the names of various localities where it is distinctly
shown, being styled the Guelph formation in Canada, the Racine beds or
Milwaukee beds in Wisconsin and the Bridgeport beds in northern Illinois.
In southern Ohio no local name can be selected as appropriate and free
from ambiguity as the Cedarville limestone.
Finally in regard to this formation generally within the state of Ohio,
Dr Orton wrote in 1893 :?
The uppermost division of the [Niagaran] formation is the Guelph
limestone which differs very noticeably in several points from the Niagara
limestone proper... It has a maximum thickness in southern Ohio of
200 feet. . . It is either massive or very thin bedded. It is porous to an
unusual extent. It is generally very light in color. It is exceedingly rich
in fossils containing a large number that is thoroughly characteristic.
Unlike the previously named divisions of the Niagara, the Guelph
limestone is as well developed in northern as in southern Ohio in all
respects. Not more than 4o feet of it are found in its outcrops there, but
the drill has shown several times this amount of Niagara limestone, without
giving us, however, the data needed for referring the beds traversed to their
proper subdivisions. What facts there are seem to point to the Guelph as
the main element in this underground development of this formation in this
portion of the state.
From the foregoing we may conclude that the area in which the
Guelph fauna manifests itself extends from Wayne county, N. Y. westward
to Hamilton Ont., thence northwestward to Cape Hurd and Manitoulin
island, and northward almost to James bay. Here it follows the Niagaran
on the inner side of the vast arc spanned by that formation over the islands
of Georgian bay, the north shore of Lake Huron and north and west
shores of Lake Michigan. Still farther to the northwest, evidence of this
sediment is afforded by the presence of the coral Pycnostylus guel-
phensis and the Stromatoporoid Clathrodictyum ostiolatum,
on the west shore of Lake Manitoba.3
*Geol. Ohio. 1874. 2:674.
2'Geol. Ohio, 7: 12.
3 Reported by Whiteaves. Paleozoic Fossils. 1893. v. 3, pt 2, p. 46.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 135
West of Lake Michigan these deposits spread over southern Wisconsin,
northern Illinois and into Iowa, where their extension in this direction is
terminated by the barrier of earlier formations. In Ohio it borders the
north and east shores of the Cincinnati dome.
Over all this amphitheater, bounded without by the Niagaran, we may
conceive of a shallowing sea, dotted with coral banks which must in no
small measure have fringed the shore. Indeed contiguity to the shore line
of the Cincinnati dome is clearly indicated by the Hillsboro sandstone inter-
bedded with the upper dolomites. It was an almost inclosed sea, its open-
ing being probably through the narrow way toward the north and northwest,
a region which still holds the clue to many of our exotic faunas.
In this connection it appears also significant that in the terminal beds
of the upper Silvric of Gothland a fauna appears which contains the genera
characteristic of the Guelph and often species which are hardly distinguish-
able. These are specially contained in the beds f, g, 4, f being character-
ized* as limestone beds composed of crinoids and corals; g, large banks of
Megalomus and Trimerella, and 4, Cephalopodan and Stromatopora beds.
In looking over these lists one can not fail to conceive the idea that the
much richer fauna of these beds contains a vicarious fauna of the American
Guelph, for we find there Monomerella, Trimerella (with three species),
with the absence of the majority of the Wenlock forms; Megalomus among
the lamellibranchs ; Trematonotus and a very large number of cephalopods
and gastropods, including Pleurotomaria, Murchisonia, Loxonema, Trochus,
Pycnomphalus, Horiostoma, etc. ; also Stromatoporas.
The appearance of such peculiarly adapted forms as the Trimerellas
and Megalomus, at corresponding horizons and in similar associations, is
certainly very suggestive not only of the presence of the identical facies,
but also of faunistic intercourse between the two seas.
There is a generally recognized distinction between the rich Siluric
faunas of northern Europe and those of Bohemia and the Mediterranean
* See Swedish State Mus. Pal. Dep’t. ed. List of the Fossil Faunas of Sweden, II, Upper
Siluric.
136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
region. Kayser has recently expressed’ this distinction by terming the
former the normal facies or that appertaining to the oceans at large, while
the latter is to be regarded as having the value of a local facies. The
former it is that is more widespread throughout the world and which we
have constantly growing evidence for believing has entered the interior sea
of America by way of northern Canada. Its incarceration in the Ameri-
can paleozoic mediterranean has doubtless superinduced a measure of
provincial characteristics in some of the minor faunas but the features we
find in the Guelph common to those of the Scandinavian faunas appertain
to the marine life of the inclosed seas of late Siluric time.
The Coralline or Cobleskill limestone. This study of the Guelph
fauna and stratigraphy has thrown important light on the proper construc-
tion of the fauna of the Coralline limestone of eastern New York. This
formation was first recognized as an element in the succession by John
Gebhard, and by Prof. Hall was considered an eastern continuation of the
Niagaran limestone. We have elsewhere suggested that the objectionable
character of its designation may be remedied by employing for it the term
Cobleskill limestone, as along this creek in Schoharie county, N. Y., the
section of the formation is typically expressed. We do not here propose
entering on an extended discussion of this fauna and its stratigraphic rela-
tions. These matters, which we have had under consideration for some
years, have recently been made the subject of careful and extended investi-
gation by C. A. Hartnagel, of the staff of this division and we have invited
him to insert here the following brief statement of his preliminary con-
clusions so far as they bear on the relation of this fauna to the Guelph.
The Cobleskill formation in its typical development at Schoharie and
Howes Cave, Schoharie co. consists of a massive layer of dark gray, some-
what magnesian limestone averaging 6 feet in thickness. Above this lime-
stone and clearly distinguished from it by a change in lithologic character,
lie the Rondout beds, 40 feet thick and marked by basal layer of “cement
rock,” 6 feet thick. Above this are 45 feet of typical Manlius limestone.
Underlying the Cobleskill and resting upon the Lorraine beds are 30 feet
*Geologische Formationskunde. ed. 2. 1902. p. 102.
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 137
of green argillaceous shales which doubtless pertain to the Salina stage.
The Cobleskill or Coralline limestone fauna was early described by Hall
who regarded it the eastern representative of the Niagaran group as then
known in western New York. He interpreted the underlying shales as of
Clinton age. Recent examination however clearly indicates that the Cobles-
kill limestone as shown in the section described pertains to an age later
than Salina, as has been suggested by Schuchert.
One of the marked differences between the faunas of the Niagaran of
New York and the Cobleskill is the presence in the latter of quite an exten-
sive gastropod and cephalopod fauna— one of the features which strongly
affiliates it with the Guelph. And, indeed, Hall, in the original descriptions
of Pleurotomaria subdepressa and Murchisonia terebra-
lis, notes in each case a similarity to forms described from the Guelph.
An interesting feature of some of the gastropods from the Cobleskill
is that in form they are sinistral Pleurotomaria subdepressa
mentioned above belongs to this class. Another species is distinguished
from Poleumita crenulata Whiteaves (Guelph), only by its sinistral
form. Other specimens of the genus Pleurotomaria have been found which
in size and form are similar to the Guelph species, but the delicate surface
markings often so well preserved in the Guelph dolomites and upon which
specific determinations to a certain degree are dependent, have not yet been
ascertained in the Cobleskill limestone specimens and thus specific compari-
sons become unsatisfactory. Kionoceras darwini Billings occurs at
Schoharie, and in the western extension of the Cobleskill fauna on Fronte-
nac island, Cayuga lake, where Orthoceras trusitum Clarke &
Ruedemann and Gomphoceras septoris Hall (Guelph) are also
found. In Schoharie county mature specimens of Ilionia galtensis
Whiteaves occur. Associated with them are forms which in outline and
dimensions approach Ilionia canadensis Whiteaves and to that
species they are provisionally referred. Spirifers from the Guelph have
obsolescent plications and a sinus similar to Spirifer crispus var.
corallinensis Grabau.
There are other species common to these faunas but they are mostly
forms occurring also in the Niagaran and indicative solely of a late Siluric
stage.
‘
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
{
1
as i
ea iy
Hen) ;
140
oes
6-9
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 1
Enterolasma cf. caliculus Hall (sp.)
Page 24
The exterior, natural size
Zaphrentis cf. racinensis Whitfield
Page 23
Lateral and basal view of an internal cast of the calyx. Natu-
ral size
Heliophyllum sp. indet.
Page 28
Internal cast of a specimen. Natural size
Same, x2; to show the impressions of the denticulated carinae
on the septa
Syringopora infundibulum Whitfield
Page 35
Sections obtained on a polished surface, to show the spini-
form septa, funnel-shaped tabulae and transverse, hollow
connecting processes. x2
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
G.S Barkentin del
GUELPH FAUNA
J.B. Lyon Co, State Printer
Plate 1
Ast, lith
=
|
4
;
FIG.
IO
Il
12
13
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK I4I
Clathrodictyum ostiolatum Nicholson
Page 37
Surface view of specimen, showing the characteristic botryoidal
surface. Natural size
Section, shown on broken side of same specimen, and exhibit-
ing the calcareous laminae. Natural size
Thin section of a portion, x2, showing the laminae and inter-
mediate vertical dissepiments
Stromatopora galtensis Dawson (sp.)
Page 36
A fragment exhibiting the astrorhizae. x3
The originals of fig. 1-5, 10-13 are from the Guelph bed at
Rochester (Arey collection); those of fig. 6-9 from the Upper
Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum).
142
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Monomerella noveboracum sp. nov.
(See plate 3 and plate 4, fig. 38)
Page 39
Cardinal area of a pedicle valve, showing the coarse stria-
tions of the pedicle groove, the lateral slopes, the character
of the cardinal slope and cardinal groove, and the narrow
but high cardinal buttress
A pedicle valve with very high and relatively narrow cardinal
region and more depressed median area. From a gutta-
percha squeeze of the natural impression
The exterior of the pedicle valve of an old individual with
very irregular squamous surface. From a gutta-percha
squeeze of a natural impression; slightly restored at the
anterior and posterior ends
The exterior of a younger pedicle valve, showing the growth
lines. Also from a gutta-percha impression
+
Memoir 5.N.Y.State Museum.
G.S. Barkentin. del.
GUELPH FAUNA.
J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer
eiceeeaynes
ie egg ee
=: mS,
Plate. 2
Phil. Ast, lith.
A
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}
Z
»
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 143
FIG,
5 The interior of a pedicle valve, with the subdivisions of the
crescent sharply defined and showing the extent of the
cardinal buttress and the low anterior septum. Slightly
restored at the umbo. From a gutta-percha impression of
the internal cast represented on plate 3, fig. 7
6 Internal cast of part of the pedicle valve of an old individual,
showing very strongly marked lateral crescent and platform
muscle scars, and short but broad platform vaults
All specimens are drawn in natural size and come from
the Lower Shelby bed at Shelby, Orleans co. N. Y. Originals
in N. Y. State Museum.
144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 3
Monomerella noveboracum sp. nov.
(See plate 2 and plate 4, fig. 38)
FIG. pics
1,2 Two views of the cardinal region of the brachial valve, show-
ing the hinge line and the strongly developed crescent.
From a gutta-percha squeeze of a natural impression
3. An internal cast of a brachial valve, with the muscular impres-
sions of the platform strongly defined, showing the short
platform vaults
4,5 The interior of a large brachial valve, shown as a natural
cast (fig. 5) and as a gutta-percha squeeze taken from this
cast (fig. 4). These show well the broad form of the valve,
the muscular impressions, the form of the platform and the
anterior septum.
sUELPH FAUNA.
lap)
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43
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 145
He Lateral view of the two valves in apposition reconstructed
from the brachial and pedicle valves figured on this plate,
showing the long straight cardinal region, the nearly
straight profile of the pedicle valve and the more convex
contour of the brachial valve
7 An internal cast of a large pedicle valve, showing the high
cardinal area, the very deep platform vaults and the charac-
teristic markings of the platform, as well as the impressions
of the sides of the crescent, and the anterior septum
All specimens are drawn natural size, and are from the Lower
Shelby bed at Shelby N. Y. Originals in N. Y. State Museum.
146
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 4
Cornulites arcuatus Conrad
Page 105
Internal cast of a stout, rapidly tapering specimen. Natural
size. Rochester (Arey collection)
Internal cast of a slender, slightly arcuate specimen from a
gutta-percha squeeze of a natural impression. Natural size.
Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
A specimen with slightly different character of the annula-
tions. x2. Rochester (Arey collection)
A specimen retaining part of the shell and natural surface.
Upper Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
An internal cast of alarge specimen. Natural size. Rochester
Crania sp.
Page 38
Single specimen observed. x2. Rochester (Arey collection)
GUELPH FAUNA
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 4
G S.Barkentin. del J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer Phil. Ast, lith
FIG.
ii, IC, ZO
ONO TE NITES
14, 16, 17
T5
Pail
22
23m
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 147
Dalmanella cf. hybrida Sowerby (sp.)
Page 42
Two views ofa small shell, doubtfully referred to this species.
x5. Rochester (Arey collection)
Dalmanella cf. elegantula Dalman (sp.)
Page 41
Single specimen observed. x3. Rochester (Arey collection)
Spirifer crispus (Hisinger) Hall
Page 42
Internal cast of the ventral valve of a specimen with obscure
“ibs Natural ysize, Upper Shelby )bed7(N:) Y- State
Museum)
Three views of a well preserved example of the prevailing
expression of the species, showing the character of the
Upper Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Three views of the internal cast of a similar form. x2.
surface. x2.
Rochester (Arey collection)
Three views of a finely preserved specimen from the same
locality. x3
Enlargement of the surface, to show the characteristic papil-
lose sculpture of the species. x5. Rochester (Arey col-
lection)
Spirifer cf. bicostatus (Vanuxem) Hall
Page 44
Internal cast of a ventral valve. x2. Rochester (Arey
collection)
Lateral view of a shell with similar characters. Natural size.
Upper Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Rhynchotreta cuneata americana Hall
Page 46
Three views of a specimen, natural size.
bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Upper Shelby
148
26, 27
28-30
31
32, 36, 37
33) 34, 35
38
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Camarotoechia (?) indianensis Hall
Page 46
Two views of a gutta-percha squeeze from a natural impres-
sion. Natural size. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum)
Camarotoechia (?) neglecta Hall
Page 45
Three views of a specimen, natural size. Rochester (Arey
collection)
View of the ventral valve of an excellently preserved typical
specimen. x2. Rochester (Arey collection)
Whitfieldella nitida Hall
Page 44 P
Three views of a broad and flat specimen, an internal cast,
showing pallial sinuses on pedicle valve. x2
Three views of a higher and thicker specimen. x2. Roches-
ter (Arey collection)
Monomorella noveboracum sp. nov.
(See plates 2 and 3)
Page 39
Internal cast of a very high pedicle valve with extremely long
platform vaults. Natural size. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y.
State Museum)
Plate 5
Memoir 5.N Y State Museum
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 149
PLATE 5
Modiolopsis sp.
Internal cast of left valve. x2
Same of a right valve, showing posterior cartilage pit. x2
Internal cast of a larger individual with suborbicular
outline. x2
Internal cast of a small, more oblique specimen with long
posterior wing. x2
All are from the Guelph at Rochester (Arey collection)
Pterinea subplana Hall (sp.)
Page 49
Internal cast of a left valve, natural size. Upper Shelby
bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Pterinea undata Hall (sp.)
Page so
Internal cast of a left valve. x2. Upper Shelby bed (N. Y.
State Museum)
~.{“c2poo TET FEOF eee SSS
“Sa
150
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Conocardium sp.
Page 50
"@ View of a left valve. x3. Rochester (Arey collection)
Mytilarca eduliformis sp. nov.
Page 47
8-10 Three views of the type specimen. x2. Lower Shelby bed
(N. Y. State Museum)
Mytilarca acutirostrum Hall (sp.)
Page 48
11 Internal cast of a high left valve. Natural size
12 Another more gibbous specimen, showing the posterior lateral
teeth. Natural size
Both specimens are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum).
Bellerophon shelbiensis sp. nov.
Page 51
13 Ventral view of a specimen, apertura! part broken away.
Natural size
14 Dorsal view of an internal cast, showing aperture and aper-
tural emargination. Natural size
18 Lateral view of same specimen, showing cast of umbilicus.
Natural size
15 Broken specimen, showing inner volution and umbilical wall.
X2
16,17 Two views of a large specimen, showing aperture and dorsal
keel. Natural size
19 View of inner side of volution, showing slit band of preceding
volution. Natural size
All specimens are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum).
20
21
23
22
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 151
Trematonotus alpheus Hall
(See plate 6, fig. 1-9)
Page 54
Dorsal view of sculpture cast, showing peristome. Natural
size. Rochester (Arey collection. Same specimen as plate
6, fig. 1)
Dorsal view of internal cast, showing dorsal perforations and
smooth internal surface. Natural size
Lateral view of same cast, showing umbilicus and inner volu-
tions. Natural size. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum)
Fragment of a specimen with very strongly developed revolv-
ing ridges and wide umbilicus. Natural size. Rochester
(Arey collection)
152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 6
Trematonotus alpheus Hall
(See plate 5, fig. 20-23)
a Page 54
1 Lateral view of a specimen, showing the revolving ribs and
the broad transverse folds
2 Lateral view of a specimen, showing distinctly the dorsal keel
interrupted by the perforations, the alternation of the
revolving ribs and the wide and deep umbilicus. From a
gutta-percha impression of a natural mold
3. A natural cast of the exterior of the apertural part of the last
volution and of the interior of the penultimate volution,
showing the dorsal perforations of the last volution and the
smooth internal surface of the earlier volutions
4 An exterior dorsal view of a shell, showing distinctly the inter-
ruptions of the revolving ribs by concentric growth and the
widening of the ribs upon the lip. From a gutta-percha
squeeze of a natural impression
GUELPH FAUNA.
Plate 6
Memoir 5.N Y State Museum
1. Ast, lith.
1
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 153
A natural cast of the exterior of an older individual, showing
a more nodose character of the revolving ribs upon the
outer lip and the cast of one of the innermost volutions
The exterior of the last volution of a gerontic specimen, show-
ing a partial suppression on the outer lip of the smaller ribs
which are made much too strong in the drawing. From a
gutta-percha impression of a natural mold
Ventral view of the internal cast of the last volution, showing
the ventral depressed zone
Section of an internal cast, showing the relative width and
hight of the volutions
Another section of an internal cast, exhibiting a somewhat
asymmetric arrangement of the inner volutions
All specimens drawn natural size. With the exception of the
original of fig. 1 which is from the Guelph at Rochester (Arey
collection), all are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum).
154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 7
— SSS = _ —--—- _ ———e
Sea
SSSA
Eotomaria kayseri sp. nov.
(See plate 8, fig. 1)
Page 70
1 Lateral view of the internal cast
Coelidium macrospira Hall (sp.)
(See plate to, fig. 13)
Page 65
2 Lateral view of a specimen with angular volutions, showing
distinctly the surface characters
3. Young, somewhat rapidly widening specimen with rounded
volutions (M. logani)
A still younger specimen, showing the same characters
5 A section of the specimen figure 2, showing the perforate axis
of the shell
6 <A nearly complete example, showing a gradual change from
the round to more angulated volutions. From a gutta-
percha squeeze of a natural impression
GUELPH FAUNA.
Plate 7
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 155
7 An internal cast of the shell, showing the rounded character of
the volutions (M. logani)
8 Another internal cast of a shell, showing the rounded volu-
tions, which are all represented as too angular
Coelidium cf. vitellia Billings (sp.)
Page 67
9g Section of the shell, showing the wide perforation of the
axis; rather badly restored at the apex
10 Exterior view of the same specimen
All specimens are drawn natural size and are from the Guelph
beds at Rochester (Arey collection).
156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 8
Eotomaria kayseri sp. nov.
(See plate 7, fig. 1)
Page 70
Basal view of the specimen represented on plate 7, showing
FIG.
I
the narrow umbilicus
Eotomaria areyi sp. nov.
(See figures, p. 69)
Page 68
Basal view of the type specimen represented on p. 69, exhib-
2
iting the narrow umbilicus and the growth lines
Euomphalus fairchildi sp. nov.
Page 75
3. Lateral view of the type specimen of the species, showing
the forward curvature of the growth lines
4 Upper side of the same specimen
GUELPH FAUNA.
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 8
G.S.Barkentin, del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer Phil. Ast, lith.
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 157
Hormotoma whiteavesi sp. nov.
Pagely2
5 Last volutions of a very large individual with strongly marked
sculpture of the surface and slit band
6 A younger, very slender specimen, showing the strongly
recurving growth lines
7,9 Two views of a nearly complete specimen in solid chert with
very faint indications of the growth lines and slit band
8 View of a very large example, showing the long, narrow,
prolonged aperture
All specimens are drawn natural size, and are from the
Guelph beds at Rochester (Arey collection).
158
10
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 9
Poleumita scamnata sp. nov.
Page 60
Lateral view of a specimen with depressed spire
Three views of an individual with high spire
Two views of an average specimen
Umbilical view, showing the size of umbilicus
Apical view of a young specimen, showing distinctly the sur-
face sculpture of the early volutions. x2
Umbilical view of a specimen with very distinct sculpture of
the basal region
Enlargement of the surface. x3
Umbilical view of an older individual, showing the wider
interval between the revolving lines near the umbilicus.
Apical view of an individual with very sharp revolving and
indistinct transverse lines. From a gutta-percha squeeze
of a natural impression (see fig. 12)
GUELPH FAUNA
Memoir 5. N.Y State Museum Plate 9
G.S.Barkentin.del J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer Phil. Ast, lith
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21
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23
24
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 159
Enlargement of part of a specimen with extremely coarse
revolving and irregular transverse lamellose growth lines
on the last volution
Poleumita crenulata Whiteaves (sp.)
Page 64
Two views of a young specimen, exhibiting very sharp sculp-
ture lines
Apical view of a typical individual. From a gutta-percha
squeeze of a natural cast. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum)
Two views of a specimen with very sharp, distant, transverse
lines, showing also the gradual suppression of the revolving
ridges upon mature volutions
Enlargement of the sculpture on the basal side of a large
individual, showing the coarse growth lines and the faint
revolving ridges. x3
Individual retaining the revolving ridges upon the last
volution
A very large individual, showing distinct gerontic characters
upon the last volution. From a gutta-percha squeeze of a
natural impression. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum)
Natural section of the volutions
Lateral view of an individual with depressed spire
Apical view of a specimen, showing strong contrast between
the ornament of the last and early volutions
All figures are natural size and all originals are from the
Guelph at Rochester, where not otherwise stated.
160
i 32
3) 4
7, 8
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 10
Poleumita (?) sulcata Hall (sp.)
Page 62
Two views of a typical specimen. Natural size
Profile and umbilical views of another specimen. Natural size.
Rochester (Arey collection)
Trochonema cf. fatuum Hall
Page 75
Lateral view of the only specimen observed. Natural size.
Upper Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Lophospira bispiralis Hall (sp.)
Page 71
Apical part of a specimen, showing distinctly the carinae.
From a gutta-percha impression of a natural mold. x2.
Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Two older individuals which show the structure of the slit
band and the gradual obsolescence of the carina on the
upper side of the volution. Natural size. Rochester
ELPH FAUNA
GU
Plate 10
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
J.B. Lyon Co, State Printer W.S.Barkentin. lith.
G.S.Barkentin. del
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14, 15
16
17
18
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20
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 161
Young individual with very strongly marked carinae and slit
band. Natural size. Rochester
Eotomaria galtensis Billings (sp.)
Page 70
Three views of an internal cast with parts of the shell
preserved. Natural size. Upper Shelby bed (N. Y. State
Museum)
Coelidium macrospira Hall (sp.)
(See plate 7, fig. 2-8)
Page 65
Gutta-percha impression of an internal cast of a young indi-
vidual. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Diaphorostoma niagarense Hall (sp.)
Page 59
Two views of a very small specimen. x3. Fig. 15 is slightly
restored at the apex. Rochester (Arey collection)
An individual from the Upper Shelby bed. From a gutta-
percha impression. x2. (N.Y. State Museum)
Eotomaria durhamensis Whiteaves (sp.)
Page 68
Apical part of an individual. Natural size. Rochester (Arey
collection)
Macrochilina sp. indet.
Page 74
Single individual observed. x5. Rochester (Arey collection)
Dawsoneoceras annulatum americanum Foord
(See plate 11, fig. I)
Page 81
Enlargement of surface of original of fig. 20. x5
A young individual, with extremely close arrangement of the
annulations. Natural size. Rochester (Arey collection)
162
21
22
23
25
26
24
27
28
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Young individual, showing the longitudinal lines with marked
distinctness. Natural size. Rochester (Arey collection)
Kionoceras darwini Billings (sp.)
(See plate 11, fig. 6; plate 12, fig, 1-8)
Page 8&4
Fragment of shell, showing both the longitudinal ribs and
transverse lines. Rochester (Arey collection)
Kionoceras medullare Hall (sp.)
Page 86
Fragment of shell, showing the ornament ; from a gutta-percha
impression of a natural mold. Natural size. Lower Shelby
bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Orthoceras trusitum sp. nov.
(See plate 13, fig. I-10)
Page 77
Internal cast of a slightly curved individual with very closely
arranged septa. Natural size
Young individual, showing the smooth surface and the depth
of the camerae. Natural size. Rochester (Arey collection)
Orthoceras crebescens Hall
(See plate 11, fig. 2-5)
Page 80
Internal cast of camerae and siphuncle of young specimen,
referred with some doubt to this species. Natural size
Septal view of specimen figured on plate 11, fig. 2, showing
the section of conch, position and size of siphuncle. Natu-
ral size
Septal view of specimen figured on plate 11, fig. 3. Lower
Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
164
FIG,
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 11
)
|
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Dawsonoceras annulatum americanum Foord
(See plate 10, fig. 19-21)
Page 80
A large individual from the Lower Shelby bed.
Orthoceras crebescens Hall
(See plate Io, fig. 24, 27, 28)
Page 80
Fragment of internal cast, showing septal sutures and obscure
longitudinal ridges
Internal cast of a fragment of an old individual, showing
curved septal sutures, relatively deep camerae and septa
and low longitudinal ribs.
An internal cast of the living chamber and camerae of an old
individual, showing the sinuate growth lines on living
chamber and shallow gerontic chambers
A
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Plate 11
Memoir 5.N.Y State Museum
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 165
FIG.
5 Section through lower part of individual represented in fig. 2,
showing the curvature and depth of camerae and slightly
expanded siphuncle.
Kionoceras darwini Billings (sp.)
(See plate 10, fig. 22; plate 12, fig. 1-8)
Page 84
6 A very large individual, retaining the longitudinal ribs to
mature age. From a gutta-percha squeeze of a natural
impression
All figures are natural size. All originals are from the Lower
Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum).
166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 12
Kionoceras darwini Billings (sp.)
(See plate 10, fig. 22; plate 11, fig. 6)
Page 84
1,2 Two views of a young specimen with excellently preserved
surface sculpture
3. Fragment showing obscure transverse undulations and alter-
nating ribs
4 Specimen showing the depth of the camerae and septa
Originals of fig. 1-4 from Rochester (Arey collection).
Septal view of individual represented in fig. 6
n
6 Internal cast of older specimen, showing part of the living
chamber and the increase in the depth of the chambers
7 Internal cast of specimen with gerontic approach of the septa
and somewhat oblique septal sutures
GUELPH FAUNA
Plate 12
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 167
8 An individual with strong subequal longitudinal ribs. From
a gutta-percha impression
Originals of fig. 5-8 are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y.
State Museum).
Orthoceras rectum Worthen
Page 78
9 Internal cast of a large specimen, showing the great depth of
the camerae. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
168
nun > WN
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Orthoceras trusitum sp. nov.
(See plate to, fig. 25, 26)
Page 77
Fragment preserving the longitudinally lineated surface
Internal casts, showing the numerous, shallow camerae and
straight transverse suture lines
Young individual, showing the slenderness of conch
Internal cast, showing undulating septal sutures
Septum with excentric siphuncle
Broken internal cast, showing the depth of camerae and the
tubular siphuncle
Septum, showing the circular section of conch and subcentral
location and relative size of siphuncle
Section of specimen represented in fig. 1, showing the rela-
tively great thickness of conch
Part of living chamber, showing longitudinal lineation
GUELPH FAUNA
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 13
G.S Barkentin.del J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer W.S.Barkentin lith
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 169
ic Internal cast of an older individual with deeper chambers and
obscure longitudinal ribs
All figures are natural size. The originals of fig. 1-5, 7-9
are from Rochester (Arey collection) ; those of fig. 6 and 10 from
the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum).
Cyrtoceras cf. brevicorne Hall
Page 89
11 Fragment showing the living chamber and sinuous growth
lines. Natural size. Rochester (Arey collection)
12 Mold and internal cast of a fragmentary specimen, showing
the amount of curvature and the unequal depth of the
camerae. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Poterioceras sp.
Page 97
13-16 Four views of the internal cast of the living chamber of the
only specimen observed, showing the contraction of the
chamber and the submarginal position of the nummuloidal
siphuncle. Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 14
Poterioceras sauridens sp. nov.
es Page 93
1-3 Three views of an internal cast’ of the living chamber and the
two latest camerae, showing the aperture, contraction
of living chamber, transversely oval section and position of
siphuncle
4 Ventral view of another interna: cast, showing the depth of
the septum
5 Internal cast and mold of a nearly complete individual, show-
ing hyponomic indenture of aperture, a greater number
of camerae and form of conch
Originals of fig. 1-5 are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y.
State Museum).
GUELPH FAUNA
Memoir 5.N.Y State Museum
W S Barkentin.del. et. lith.
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GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 171
Four views of a partially crushed specimen which shows the
surface characters of the species and the form of the living
chamber. Fig. 9 is from a gutta-percha squeeze of the
mold and shows the hyponomic curve of the growth lines
on the ventral side. Rochester (Arey collection)
Interior cast and mold of a specimen, retaining the siphuncle
in position
The siphuncle of the same specimen. x3.
Four views of the most complete specimen observed. From
a sulfur cast of a natural mold in the rock
Mold and cast, showing the thickening of the conch near the
aperture
Specimen which shows the hyponomic sinus of the growth
lines on the ventral side and the contraction of the shell
near the aperture. From a gutta-percha impression of a
natural mold
Internal cast of a large specimen, showing a broad and low
living chamber and shallow septum
Septal view of same
All figures except 11 are natural size. Originals of fig. 10-19
are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum).
172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 15
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hall
(See plate 16, fig. 1-7)
Page 87
1 A specimen retaining the shell and exhibiting the character
of the surface
2 A specimen with closely arranged septa
Cyrtoceras orodes Billings
Page 88
3. Septal view of a specimen, showing the marginal position of
the siphuncle and the difference in curvature between the
inner and outer sides
4,5 Two views of an internal cast, referred with some doubt to
this species, showing a rapidly expanding living chamber
and subcircular section
6-8 Three views of an internal cast, showing the depth of the
camerae and direction of the sutures
9 A specimen exhibiting the siphuncle
GUELPH FAUNA |
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 15
—
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=>
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 173
FIGe
10, 11 Internal cast of a large specimen, referred with doubt to this
species, possessing a strongly contracted living chamber
All figures are natural size. The originals of fig. 1-3, 6-9
are from Rochester (Arey collection); those of fig. 4-5, 10, 11
are from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum).
174
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 16
Cyrtoceras arcticameratum Hall
(See plate 15, fig. 1, 2)
Page 87
FIG,
1-4 Four views of the most complete specimen observed; showing
the degree of curvature and rate of expansion of the conch
5 Septum of a specimen, showing the marginal position of the
siphuncle and a subcircular section
6, 7 Two sections of another specimen with longer dorsoventral
axis
Cyrtoceras bovinum sp. nov.
(See plate 18, fig. 5, 6)
Page go
8,9 Two views of a specimen, showing the rapid expansion of the
shell, depth of camerae and surface characters
All figures are drawn natural size, and are from Rochester
(Arey collection).
Plate 16
GUELPH FAUNA.
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum.
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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 17
Cyrtorhizoceras curvicameratum sp. nov.
Page go
Dorsal view of internal cast of living chamber (see fig. 7)
Section of aperture of same, showing the lateral compression
of the living chamber
Septal view of same, showing marginal position of siphuncle
Septal view of another, somewhat rounded form (see fig. 6)
Specimen which shows the direction of septal sutures, depth
of camerae, position of, and slightly expanded siphuncle
Internal cast, showing the living chamber and the ventral lobe
of the sutures
Internal cast of living chamber of large individual, showing
the aperture, the strong curvature of the last septum and the
curvature of the chamber
FAUNA
GUELPH
Plate 17
Memoir 5.N_Y State Museum
W S Barkentin lith
J.B. Lyon Ca. State Printer
G_S Barkentin.del
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK a
FIG.
8-10 Three views of the most complete specimen observed ; show-
ing the depth of the camerae, the ventral lobes of the
sutures and the low longitudinal surface ribs
The originals of all drawings are from the Lower Shelby bed
(N. Y. State Museum).
178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 18
Gyroceras farcimen sp. nov.
Page 92
1-3 Three views of an internal cast, showing the sutures, depth of
camerae, position of siphuncle and circular section of conch
4 Fragment, showing the curvature of the conch and the smooth
surface. From a gutta-percha impression of a natural mold
Cyrtoceras bovinum sp. nov.
(See plate 16, fig. 8, 9)
Page go
5 Specimen retaining the surface sculpture
6 A large individual, showing the curvature and expansion of
the conch, direction of sutures and depth of camerae
All figures are natural size. The originals of fig. 1-4 are
from the Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum); those of
fig. 5, 6 from Rochester (Arey collection).
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
W S.Barkentin del. et lith.
GUELPH FAUNA
Plate 1%
J.B. Lyon Co, State Printer
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180
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 19
Protophragmoceras patronus sp. nov.
Page 97
Two views of the only specimen observed. Natural size.
Lower Shelby bed (N. Y. State Museum)
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum
G.S.Barkentin. del.
GUELPH FAUNA
J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer
Plate 19
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FIG.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 20
Trochoceras costatum Hall
Page 103
Specimen showing the rate of expansion, curvature of conch
and the character of the costae. From a gutta-percha
impression of a natural mold
An individual which shows the living chamber and the curva-
ture and depth of the last septum. The costae on the
living chamber are drawn somewhat too strong.
Trochoceras desplainense McChesney
Page 100
Enlargement of surface (x3) to show the fine transverse and
longitudinal lineation. From a gutta-percha impression of
a natural mold
Internal cast of specimen, showing the aperture, living cham-
ber and septal sutures of an early whorl
Specimen with strongly developed costae and growth lines
GUELPH FE
A
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 20
G.S.Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printer Phil. Ast, et
WS Barkentin. lith
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 183
iG A nearly complete individual, showing the gradual obsoles-
cence of the costae on the living chamber. From a gutta-
percha impression of a natural mold
7 An older, nearly complete individual, showing the tangential
direction of the gerontic portion of the conch
8 Section showing the lateral compression of the conch and the
position of the siphuncle
9 Part of a mature individual, showing the size and expansion
of the living chamber, and the surface sculpture on the
mature shell
All figures except 3 are natural size. The originals of fig. 1,
2A omancduomanre arom the Wower Shelby (bed) GN. Yo State
Museum); those of fig. 3, 5, 7 and g from Rochester (Arey
collection).
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 21
Phragmoceras parvum Hall & Whitfield
FIG. spice
1 Lateral view of a relatively large specimen with well preserved
surface sculpture
2,3 Two views of a specimen, showing the curvature of the apical
part, the last camerae, the living chamber and the different
direction of the septal sutures and surface lines
4-8 Five views of a specimen, showing the long and narrow hypo-
nomic area of the contracted aperture and the hyponomic
curve of the growth lines upon the ventral side (fig. 7)
All figures are natural size. The originals are from Roch-
ester (Arey collection).
Leperditia balthica Hisinger, var. guelphica Jones
Page 106
9 The largest valve observed. x2
10, 11 Two views of a valve, showing the eye tubercle distinctly.
x2. Both from the Guelph at Rochester
GUELPH FAUNA
Memoir 5.N.Y. State Museum Plate 21.
W.S.Barkentin del. et lith. J.B. Lyon Coa, State Printer
12
13
14
15
16
(N
GUELPH FAUNA IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1385
Calymmene niagarensis Hall
Page 107
Cephalon from the Guelph at Rochester. x2
Proetus sp.
Page 108
Cranidium, from a gutta-percha squeeze of a natural impres-
sion. x2. Rochester
Another, smaller cranium. x3
Small pygidium, retaining partially the test. x2
Largest pygidium observed. x2
Originals of fig. 14-16 are from the Upper Shelby bed
. Y. State Museum).
PIN DE x
Page numbers referring to descriptions of fossils are printed in black face type.
Acephala, 119.
Acervularia, 26, 27.
Acleistoceras, 95.
Agassiz, A., cited, 116.
Allen creek section, 17-18.
Ambonychia acutirostra, 48.
acutirostrum, 48.
aphaea, 48.
mytiliformis, 49.
Ammonites, 120.
Amplexus, 124.
Annelida, 105-6.
Anthozoa, 23-36.
Arey, Albert L., acknowledgments to, 3;
cited, 8, 77; collection of fossils, 8.
Asaphus stokesi, 108.
Astrocerium parasiticum, 29.
pyriforme, 209.
venustum, 29.
Atrypa, 6, 128.
cuneata, 46.
neglecta, 45.
nitida, 44.
reticularis, 21.
Avicula subplana, 49.
triquetra, 6.
undata, 50.
Bactrites, 95.
Bahamas, salt lagoons, 118.
Barrande, cited, 98, 102, 104.
Barre, Guelph dolomites, 17.
Barrois, cited, 59.
Barton beds, 21.
Belemnites, 120.
Bell, Robert, cited, 6; observations, 7.
Bellerophon, 51-54.
leda, 54.
lyra, 54.
(Bucania) perforatus, 54.
shelbiensis, 110, 51-54.
explanation of plate, 150.
tubemms2:
Bellerophontidae, 53, 54.
Bernard, Felix, cited, 119.
Billings, cited, 27, 40, 52, 57, 71, 87, 88,
125.
Bourgeat, Abbé, investigations of, 110.
Boyd, G. W., fossils obtained by, 5.
Brachiopoda, 5, 38-47, 113, 114, 120, 125,
WAG, UA. UBM.
Brighton, exposures, 18.
Bucania, 52, 53.
angustata, 54, 56, 59, 127.
chicagoensis, 57.
devonica, 53.
expansa, 52, 53.
perforata, see Bellerophon (Bucania)
perforatus.
profunda, 53.
stigmosa?, 51.
sulcatina, 52.
Bucaniidae, 53.
Bucanopsis, 54.
Bumastus barriensis, see Illaenus (Bumas-
tus) ? barriensis.
Calvin, Dr Samuel, cited, 128.
Calymene blumenbachii, 107.
var. Niagarensis, 107.
Calymmene, 107.
niagarensis, 11, 107, 112, 133.
188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Calymmene niagarensis — (Continued).
explanation of plate, 185.
cf. niagarensis, 10.
Camarotoechia, 45-46.
indianensis, II0.
(?) indianensis, 46.
explanation of plate, 148.
neglecta, I0, 110.
(?) neglecta, 45-46, 46.
explanation of plate, 148.
Canada, Guelph formation, 4; dolomites,
20-22; Stratigraphic relations of forma-
tion in, 125.
Caryocrinus, 124.
ornatus, 124.
Catenipora agglomerata, 34.
escharoides, 33.
labyrinthica, 33.
Cephalopoda, 5, 77-105, 113, 114, 117, 120,
135, 137-
Cerithium, 1109.
Chamberlin, ‘T. C., cited, 205,\ 114,120;
I21, 126,
Cidaridae, 119.
Cladopora, 33, 116.
multipora, 10, 33, 109.
Clarendon, Guelph dolomites, 17.
Clarke, John M., cited, 40, 53, 95, 103, 123,
128, £31.
Clathrodictyon ostiolatum, 38.
(Stromatopora) ostiolatum, 38.
Clathrodictyum, 37-38.
ostiolatum, 87-88, 109, 134.
explanation of plate, 141.
Clinoceras, 95.
Cliona, 116.
Cobleskill limestone, 136-37.
Coelidium, 65-67.
macrospira, 10, II, 16, 21, 65-67, III.
explanation of plate, 154-55, 161.
cf. vitellia, 67, 111.
explanation of plate, 155.
Coelocaulis, 4.
Coelocaulus, 67.
Coenostroma constellatum, 37.
galtense, 36, 37.
Conchidium occidentale, 128.
Conocardium, 50.
sp., 50, IIo.
explanation of plate, 150.
ornatum, 50.
Conus, 117.
Coral reef origin of Guelph dolomites,
114-16.
Coral reefs, of Red sea, 117-18. See also
Jurassic reefs of France; Racine reefs in
Wisconsin.
Coralline limestone, 136-37.
Corals, 113, 115, 133i0s 5
Corbis, 119.
Cordoceras, 98.
Cornulites, 6, 105-6.
arcuatus, 10, 11, 105-6, 112.
explanation of plate, 146.
flexuosus, 105.
Crania, 109.
sp., 38.
explanation of piate, 146.
Crustaceans, 117.
Cyathophyllum pelagicum, 25.
Cyclonema sulcata, 62, 124.
sulcatum, 62.
Cypricardites? quadrilatera, 132.
Cyrtoceras, 94, 95.
amplicorne, 98.
(Phragmoceras) amplicorne, 98.
arcticameratum, 67, I11, 127.
explanation of plate, 172, 174.
bovinum, 90, 98, 111.
explanation of plate, 174, 178.
brevicorne, 89, 127.
cf. brevicorne, 89, ITI.
explanation of plate, 169.
cancellatum, 91.
Oe
INDEX TO GUELPH FAUNA IN NEW YORK 189
Cyrtoceras clitus, 96.
dardanus, 91.
fosteri, QI.
hercules, 98.
herzeri, 132.
myrice, 84, 85, 132.
orodes, 10, 88—89, 111.
explanation of plate, 172-73.
reversum, 96, 97.
rex, 098.
? subcancellatum, 16.
tyrannus, 98.
Cyrtorhizoceras, 90-92.
curvicameratum, 90-92, 111.
explanation of plate, 176-77.
minnesotense, 92.
Cystostylus infundibulus, 35.
Dall, cited, 118.
Dalmanella, 41-42.
elegantula, Io.
cf. elegantula, 41-42, rio.
explanation of plate, 147.
cf. hybrida, 42, 110.
explanation of plate, 147.
Dalmanites, 108.
Sp), 10; 1085) 112:
limulurus, 108.
verrucosus, 108.
Davidson, cited, 40, 41.
Dawson, Sir William, cited, 37.
Dawsonoceras, 81-83.
annulatum, 21, 82, 83, 85.
var. americanum, 81-88, 111.
explanation of plate, 161, 164.
De Koninck, cited, 26, 52, 53.
Delthyris, 6.
Diaphorostoma, 59.
niagarense, II, 59, Ito.
explanation of plate, 161.
Diceras, 119, 120.
Dinobolus conradi, 127, 128.
Diphyphyllum, 25.
Diplophyllum, 25-28.
caespitosum, 25-28, 109.
Doelter, cited, 115.
Dybowski, cited, 26.
Eccyliomphalus, 76.
Behinisinoy2o:
Kchinoderms, 117.
Edwards, cited, 26, 32.
Enterolasma, 24-25.
€aliculuss TOM U54) 1O;)20)120.8245 372
cf. caliculus, 24-25, 1009.
explanation of plate, 140.
radicans, 24.
waynense, 24.
Eotomaria, 68-71.
areyi, 68-70, 110.
explanation of plate, 156.
durhamensis, 68, 110.
explanation of plate, 161.
galtensis, 11, 70-71, 110.
explanation of plate, 161.
halei, see Pleurotomaria (Eotomaria)
halei.
kayseri, 70, 110.
explanation of plate, 154, 156.
laphami, see Pleurotomaria (Eotomaria)
laphami.
Eridophyllum, 25, 26.
simcoense, 27.
verneuilianum, 27.
Eunema fatua, see Trochonema (Eunema)
fatua.
Euomphalus, 5, 61, 75-76.
fairchildi, 75-76, 111.
explanation of plate, 156.
gothlandicus, 76.
macrolineatus, 62.
sulcatus, 6.
Explanation of plates, 139-85.
igeye) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Fasciolaria, 117.
Favosites, 15, 16, 18, 19, 28-32, 116, 124.
basaltica, 31.
basalticus, 32.
favosa?, 30.
favosus, 30, 130.
forbesi, 31-32, 100.
gothlandica, 28, 30.
gothlandicus, 30-31, 109.
hisingeri, 29-30, 100.
? multipora, 33.
niagarensis, 28-29, 109, 132.
venusta, 30.
venustus, 30.
Fischer, cited, 53.
Foerste, cited, 49, 130.
Foord, cited, 95.
Frech, cited, 26, 32.
Galt beds, 6, 123.
Galt limestone, term, 6.
Gastropoda, 4, 51-76, 113, I14, 117, 1109,
122) 126, 190.135. 137.
Gebhard, John, cited, 136.
Goldfuss, cited, 34.
Gomphoceras ? sp., 16.
septoris, 137.
Goniophora crassa, I14, 117.
Grabau, A. W., cited, 16, 43.
Grant, C. C., acknowledgments to, 3; cited,
20.
Guelph dolomites, coral reef origin, 114-
16; lower beds, 10; upper beds, 11, 15.
Guelph fauna, historical, 5-9; conditions of
life and sedimentation during the preva-
lence of, 114-21; distribution of, 122-
37:
Guelph sea, outcome of a shrinking of the
Niagaran sea, I17.
Gyroceras, 92.
abruptus, 92.
americanum, 92.
Gyroceras bannisteri, 93.
farcimen, 92, IIT.
explanation of plate, 178.
Haime, cited, 26, 29, 31, 32.
Fall, James, cited, 6, 7,16, 20, 25) 20, 32;
34, 40, 42, 43, 45, 49, 52, 53, 56, 57, 59,
62, 65, 67, 71, 79, 83, 86, 87, 93, IOI, 102,
LO4; 122, 123, 124, 525.1120, 026,020;
EQi, 126.
Halysites, 16, 18, 33-35, 115.
agglomerata, 34.
agglomeratus, 34-85, 100.
catenularia, 33.
catenularius, 10, 83-84, 35, 109.
catenulatus, 33, 130.
Hamilton, section at, 20-22.
Hancock, cited, 116.
Hartnagel, C. A., cited, 136-37.
Heliophyllum, 28.
Sp. indet., 28, 109.
explanation of plate, 140.
Hoernes, cited, 115.
Holopea, 74.
guelphensis, 127.
harmonia, 127.
Homoeospira, 128.
Horiostoma, 59, 60, 135.
konincki, 60.
lineatum, 62.
Hormotoma, 67, 72-74.
whiteavesi, 72-74, 111.
explanation of plate, 157.
Hyatt, A., cited, 82, 89, 95, 98, I01, 102,
105.
Hydrozoa, 36-38.
Tlionia canadensis, 137.
galtensis, 137.
Illaenus (Bumastus) ? barriensis, 124.
Illinois, occurrence of Guelph in, 129.
Indiana, Guelph beds in, 130-31.
INDEX TO GUELPH FAUNA IN NEW YORK
Iowa, Niagaran in, 128-29.
Isis, 115.
Jones, T. R., cited, 106.
Jurassic reefs of France, 119.
Kayser, E., cited, 136.
Kindle, E. M., cited, 130.
Kionoceras, 82, 84-86.
darwini, 84-86, III, 137.
explanation of plate, 162, 165-67.
medullare, 86.
explanation of plate, 162.
cf. medullare, III.
Klunzinger, cited, 116.
Koken, E., cited, 52, 53, 58, 60.
Hambe lee citeds 2527) 20n Br 22. 22127)
35:
Lamellibranchiata, 47-51, 113,
135s
Le Claire limestone, 122, 128.
Leperditia, 106-7.
sp., 107, 112.
balthica, var. guelphica, 106—7, 112.
explanation of plate, 184.
fonticola, 106.
phaseolus var. guelphica, 106, 107.
scalaris, 107.
Leptaena, 42.
depressa, 42.
rhomboidalis, 10, 11, 21, 42, 110.
Lichenalia concentrica, 10.
Lima, 119.
Lindstrom, G., cited, 53, 58, 59, 74, 76.
Lithostrotion, 26.
Lockport dolomites, 7.
Lockport limestone, Io.
Logan, Sir William, cited, 6, 125; observa-
tions, 7.
Lonsdaleia, 27.
Lophospira, 71-72.
A, ig,
IQI
Lophospira bispiralis, 10, 71-72, 111.
explanation of plate, 160.
Loxonema, 74, 119, 135.
boydi, 6, 127.
longispira, 125.
magnum, 73.
Loxoplocus, 5.
solutus, 118.
Luther, D. Dana, acknowledgments to, 3;
analysis of section in Niagara county, 14.
McChesney, cited, 57, 78, 83, 86, Io1, 102.
McCoy, cited, 57.
Macrochilina, 74.
sp. indet., 74, 11.
explanation of plate, 161.
Madrepora, 115.
muricata, I15.
Meek, cited, 86.
Megalomus, 5, 114, 117, 118, 133, 135.
canadensis, 48, 113, 127, 132, 133.
Michigan, Guelph fauna, 131.
Miller SapASnciteduo3a:
Milne-Edwards, cited, 29, 31.
Mitroceras, 102.
Modiolopsis, 50-51.
sp. cf. Modiolopsis subalata? 50-51, r1o.
explanation of plate, 149.
subalatus?, 50.
Monomerella, 5, 39-41, 114, 117, 123, 125,
135.
durhamensis, 41.
egani, 128.
greeni, 128.
kingi, 41.
newberryi, 131.
noveboracum, 10, 39-41, 109, 113.
explanation of plate, 142-43, 144-45,
148.
cf. orbicularis, 128.
ortoni, 131.
OCA, HO, A, WAR etn
"
192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Monomerella walmstedti, 41.
Monroe county, dolomites, 9, 17-20.
Munier-Chalmas, cited, 59.
Murchisonia, 5, 74, 118, 119, 125, 135.
billingsana, 127.
hercyna, 127.
hespelerensis, 72.
laphami, 133.
loganii, 65, 67, 124, 127.
longispira, 127.
macrospira, 65, 66, 127, 132, 133.
mylitta, 125, 127.
terebralis, 137.
vitellia, 67.
Murie, cited, 38.
Murray, observations, 7.
Myalina mytiliformis, 49.
Mytilarca, 47-49.
acutirostrum, 48-49, 110.
explanation of plate, 150.
eduliformis, 47, 110.
explanation of plate, 150
foerstei, 49.
mytiliformis, 49.
Mytilus edulis, 47.
sigillum, 47.
Natica, 119.
Nerinea, 119, 120.
Newberry, cited, 132.
Niagara county, limestone and dolomite,
13-16.
Niagara dolomite, 7.
Nicholson, cited, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40.
Niosch, investigations of, 119.
Norton, W. H., cited, 129.
Nucleospira, 128.
Obolus conradi, 132, 133.
Oehlert, cited, 59, 67.
Ohio, Guelph fossils in, 131-34.
Oncoceras, 94, 95.
Ontario, dolomites, 4, 20-22.
Oppel, investigations of, 119.
Oriostoma, 59.
Orleans county, dolomites, 9-11, 17.
Orthis elegantula, 41.
hybrida, 42.
Orthoceras, 77-81.
abnorme, 133.
angulatum, 78, 85.
annulatum, 83.
var. americanum, 81, 82.
bartonense, 21, 83.
cadmus, 82, 86.
cancellatum, 86.
columnare, 78.
crebescens, 78, 79, 80-81, 111.
explanation of plate, 162, 164.
darwini, 84, 85.
laeve, 6.
laphami, 82.
medullare, 82, 86.
nodocostatum, 82, 83.
rectum, 78-79, I11.
explanation of plate, 167.
scammoni, 77, 78.
selwyni, 77, 78.
trusitum, 11, 77-78, I11, 137.
explanation of plate, 162, 168.
undulatum, 82.
virgatum, 82.
virgatum (?), 86.
Orthothetes subplanus, 10, 21.
Orton, Edward, cited, 132, 133, 134.
Ostracoda, 106-7.
Pecten, 119.
Peismoceras, 105.
Pentamerus, I17.
mysius var. crassicosta, 130.
oblongus, 123, 125, 133.
occidentalis, 114, 122, 123, 124, 128, 131,
132.
INDEX TO GUELPH FAUNA IN NEW YORK
Petraia waynensis, 24.
Phragmoceras, 5, 98, 99-100.
amplicorne, see Cyrtoceras (Phragmo-
ceras) amplicorne.
byronensis, 98.
nestor, 98.
parvum, 99-100, 111, 132.
explanation of plate, 184.
Phragmoceratidae, 98.
Plates, explanation of, 139-85.
Platystoma niagarense, 133.
niagarensis, 59.
Plectoceratidae, 101.
Pleurotomaria, 5, I19, 135.
bispiralis, 71.
durhamensis, 68, 72.
galtensis, 68, 69, 70.
halei, 63.
(Eotomaria) laphami, 7o.
huronensis, 125.
(Eotomaria) laphami, 7o.
pauper, see Trochonema (Pleurotoma-
ria) pauper.
perlata, 21.
solarioides, 132.
solarioides?, 125.
subdepressa, 137.
Poleumita?, 127.
Poleumita, 59-65, 119.
crenulata, 10, 64-65, 110, 113, 137.
explanation of plate, 159.
scamnata, II, 15, 60-62, 63, 64, 110.
explanation of plate, 158.
sulcata, I1, IIO.
? sulcata, 62-63.
explanation of plate, 160,
Polydilasma turbinata, see
(Polydilasma) turbinata.
Polytropis, 5, 60.
crenulatus, 64.
macrolineatus, 61.
sulcatus, 62.
Zaphrentis
193
Pompeckj, cited, 89, 96.
Poterioceras, 93-97.
sp., 97, 111.
explanation of plate, 169.
sauridens, 10, 40, 938-97, I11.
explanation of plate, 170-171.
Price, I. A., cited, 130.
Proetus, 108.
sp., 10, 11, 108, 112.
explanation of plate, 185.
corycaeus, 108.
stokesi, 108.
Protophragmoceras, 97-08.
murchisoni, 98.
patronus, 10, 97-98, 111.
explanation of plate, 180.
Pterinea, 49-50.
subplana, 11, 16, 49, 110.
explanation of plate, 149.
undata, 11, 50, 110.
explanation of plate, 149.
Pycnomphalus, 4-5, 135.
Pycnostylus guelphensis, 134.
Racine limestone, 124, 126.
Racine reefs in Wisconsin, 120-21.
Red sea, life inhabiting reefs of, 117-18.
Rhinobolus, 5, 114, 117.
davidsoni, 128.
Rhynchonella, 128.
indianensis, 46.
neglecta, 45.
pisa, 46.
Rhynchotreta, 46-47, 128.
cuneata americana, 10, 46-47, r10.
explanation of plate, 147.
Ricinula, 117.
Rochester and vicinity, exposures, 19.
Roemer, F., cited, 53.
Rominger, C., cited, 25, 26, 36, 131.
Salpingostoma, 53, 56.
macrostoma, 56.
194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Salter, cited, 74.
Sandberger, cited, 60.
Schuchert, C., cited, 128.
Shelby dolomites, 9-11, 12, 13.
Simpson, G. B., cited, 24.
Sowerby, cited, 57.
Spencer, J. W., cited, 20, 3% 83, 96.
Sphyradoceras, 100-5.
Spirifer, 42-44, 122, 128.
Sp., 44.
bicostatus, 43, 44.
cf. bicostatus, explanation of plate, 147.
crispus, I0, II, 16, 42-44,
explanation of plate, 147.
var., 110.
var. corallinensis, 43, 137.
eriensis, 43.
niagarensis, 124.
plicatellus, 44.
var. radiatus, 44.
radiatus, 124.
sulcatus, 124.
Spirigera, 122.
Spyroceras, 102.
bilineatum, 82, 103.
Straparollus, 76.
crenulatus, 64.
daphne, 76.
hippolyta, 76.
mopsus, 76.
niagarensis, 76, 132.
solarioides, 127.
Streptelasma calicula, 24.
radicans, 24.
strictum, 24.
Stricklandinia multilirata, 128.
Stromatopora, 15, 16, 18, 19, 36-37, I15,
EIO,er 35"
constellata, 306.
galtensis, 11, 36-37, 109.
explanation of plate, 141.
Stromatopora cf. Stromatopora constellata,
36.
ostiolata, 37.
ostiolatum, see Clathrodictyon (Stroma-
topora) ostiolatum.
typica, 37.
Stromatoporoids, 5.
Strombodes pentagonus, 130.
Stropheodonta profunda, Io, 18.
Strophomena rugosa, 124.
Subulites, 119.
ventricosa, 125.
Synoptic list of Guelph fossils of New
York, 109-12.
Syringopora, 35-36, 116.
infundibula, 35.
infundibulum, 35-36, 1009.
explanation of plate, 140.
multicaulus, 36.
verticillata, 35.
Systrophoceras, 105.
Tabulata, 28-36.
Tetracoralla, 23-28.
Thoracoceras, 82.
Tremanotis alpheus, 54.
Tremanotus, 56.
alpheus, 132.
angustatus, 54.
dilatatus, 57.
Trematonotus, 53, 54-59, 135.
alpheus, 10, 11, 20, 40, 54-59, 110, 113,
E27, 032i
explanation of plate, 151, 152-53.
chicagoensis, 58.
longitudinalis, 58.
trigonostoma, 58.
Trematospira, 16, 128.
Trigonia, 119.
Trilobita, 107-8, 114.
Trimerella,..4, 5, 114). 217, 123; 425 o1se:
135.
INDEX TO GUELPH FAUNA IN NEW YORK
Trimerella acuminata, 131.
grandis, 127, 131, 133.
ohioensis, 131, 132, 133.
Trimerellidae, 41, 114, 128.
Trochoceras, 5, 100-5.
aeneas, 102, 104.
asperum, 104.
costatum, 10, 103-5, 111.
explanation of plate, 182.
desplainense, 10, 11, 100-8, 104, 105,
EM h27, 133)
explanation of plate, 182-83.
desplainensis, 100.
gebhardi, 102.
optatum, I02.
sandbergeri, 104.
waldronense, 21.
Trochonema, 75, 127.
(Eunema) fatua, 75.
cf. fatuum, 11, 75, 110.
explanation of plate, 160.
pauper, 132.
(Pleurotomaria) pauper, 62.
Trochus, 117, 135.
Tubipora catenularia, 33.
Turbinella, 117.
Turbo, 119.
Ulrich, cited, 49, 52, 53, 56, 67, 68, 76.
Von Baer, cited, 117.
nes)
Waagen, cited, 52, 53.
Walther, cited, 115.
Wayne county, Guelph fauna, 5; locality
for “ Onondaga salt group”’ fossils lost,
7; dolomites, 20.
Weller, Stuart, cited, 120.
Whiteaves, cited, 4, 23, 29, 31, 34, 35, 40,
41, 45, 50, 51, 52, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
66, 68, 71, 73, 74, 77, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88,
89, 102, 105, 107, 113, 134.
WihitheldS aR Py cited, 345) 34). 35, 48,573
62, 74, 79, 83, 107, 126, 127, 131.
Whitfieldella, 44-45.
hyale, 45, 127.
nitida, 44-45, 110.
explanation of plate, 148.
oblata, Io.
nucleolata, 45.
Wisconsin, relations of Guelph of, 126-28.
Worthen, A. H., cited, 78, 79, 86, 123, 129.
Zaphrentis, 23-24.
bilateralis, 10, 19.
racinensis, 23.
cf. racinensis, 23-24, 100.
explanation of plate, I40.
turbinata, 24.
(Polvdilasma) turbinata, 23.
Zittel-Eastman, cited, 105.
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. Merrityt Director
Joun M. CLarke State Paleontologist
Memoir 6
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK
PART 2
BY
JOHN M. CLARKE
Introduction - - - - - 199 | Some additional species of thisfauna - 344
The sea of Portage time - - - 199 | Development of the Intumescens fauna
Lake Oneonta - - - - 205 outside of New York - - - 350
Nonmarine stages succeeding Range of species in the Chautauqua
Lake Oneonta - - - - 207 and Naples subprovinces - » - 359
Bionic provinces of the Appalachian Vertical range of species in the
gulf during Portage time” - 209 Lake Erie section (Chautauqua
1 Oneonta province - - - 209 subprovince) - - - - 356
2 Ithaca province - - - 209 Vertical range of species in the
3 Genesee province . - - - 210 Naples section - - - - 358
Dissemination of the subprovincial Geographic distribution of the fauna
faunas in the Appalachian gulf 212 of the Genesee province - - 360
Comparisons of stratigraphic sections Distinctive features of the subpro-
in the Genesee province - 212 vincial faunas - - - - - 365
Naples section - - - - 212 | Correlation of the fauna of the Gene-
Genesee river section - - 213 see province with the Intumes-
Lake Erie section - - 3 BUA cens fauna of Europe - - - 367
Bionomic character of the fauna - 215 | Relation of the fauna to the black
Lamellibranchiata’ - - . - 216 shales - - - - - = NS)
The Cardioconch condition - 217 | Summary - - - - - 382
Other components of the fauna - - 218 | Explanation of plates - - - 385
Descriptions of species - - - Zia) |) lbavelen oe - - . - - 439
ALBANY
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
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University of the State of New York
REGENTS
With years of election
WitutaM CroswELit Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor - Albany
WuiTELaw Reip M.A. LL.D. Vzce Chancellor - - New York
Cuauncey M. Depew LL.D. - : : 2 : - New York
Cuarwes E; Fires LLB. veal: - = - Rochester
Witiiam H. Watson M.A. M.D. LL.D. - : = - Utica
Henry. BE. PuRrner VED se E : 2 Lowville
Sr Crain McKetway M.A. L.H.D. (ie Dp: D.C.L. - Brooklyn
DanieL Beacu Ph.D. LL.D. - 2 : = é Watkins
Puuny LP. Sexton LEQB? = - . - - - Palmyra
T. Guitrorp SmitTH M.A. C.E. oe he : - 7 Buffalo
Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D M.D. : 2 - New York
ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. ~~ - - - Albany
CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio
CuesTER S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - - - - - - Brooklyn
Tuomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. - - - - Rochester
BENJAMIN B. ODELL jk LL.D. Governor, ex officio
Rogpert C. Pruyn M.A. - - . : - - Albany
Wiii1aM NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. .- - - - Syracuse
Frank W. Hicorns Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
Joun F. O’Brten Secretary of State, ex officio
Cuares A. GARDINER LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. - - New York
Cuarves S. Francis B.S.. - - - ; - - . Glroy
One vacancy
Elected by Regents
SECRETARY
1900 JAMES RussELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D.
DIRECTORS. OF DEPARTMENTS
Metvit Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education
James RussELL Parsons jk M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep'ts
Freperick J. H. Merrity Ph.D. State Museum
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UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK — - JOHN M CLARKE, STATE PALEONTOLOGIST
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NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK
ARS a2
BY
JOHN M. CLARKE
INT RODUCRION
This memoir is in continuation* of studies of the events, biologic and
physical, of Portage time in the State of New York. Previous publications
on this subject have been for the most part of more preliminary character ;
but the nature of the fauna of that provincial element of the Portage
region which occupied the New York sea westward of the present meridian
of Cayuga lake (Intumescens zone or Naples shales) was taken up for
special consideration in the first instalment of this memoir which was
devoted to the Goniatitinae. We here propose to treat specially of the
lamellibranchs, gastropods and pteropods of this provincial fauna and to
present therewith such considerations as have developed from a continued
study of the relation of these organisms to their environment.
The sea of Portage time
The great mediterranean sea (Appalachian gulf) which spread over
the southern parts of western, central and eastern New York during this
opening period of late Devonic time (stratigraphically the lower Upper
Devonic) was depositing tremendous quantities of sand commingled with
mud, throughout its entire extent. This gulf was bounded on the north by
a coast line whose exact position we can not locate, because the shoreward
edges of the bottom deposits have been worn away. There are certain
factors indicating that during some portion of the time its western arm was
well northward to, and beyond the latitude of Lake Ontario, for the heavy
beds of bituminous shales which formed at the base of the series (Genesee
shales and black bands of the Naples beds) and which in the western sec-
tions attain relatively great thickness, are to be probably regarded as point-
ing to deposition in deep water. This interpretation would be in accord-
«Part 1 of this discussion of the Naples fauna was published in the 16th An. Rep’t’
of the State Geologist. 1898. p. 29-161, pl. 1-9.
200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ance with the observations recently made on the constitution of the waters,
the sedimentation and the bionomic conditions in a somewhat similarly
inclosed marine body, the Black sea. The important results therefrom
obtained by Andrussow* have been employed by Pompeckj’ in the interpre-
tation of the black deposits and depauperated fossils of the Posidonomya
bronni shales (Jurassic) of the vicinity of Regensburg, Bavaria; and it
is well that, for the sake of their bearing on the correct significance of the
similar bituminous deposits of Portage time, an abbreviated selection from
these observations be here given.
The Black sea has a superficial water layer of about 125 fathoms, of
less salinity and density than the water of the depths. The yearly
increment of surface water is due in great part to the ingress of fresh water.
The heavier deep water is derived from a lower current coming from the
Mediterranean by way of the richly saline Marmora and Aegean seas and
requires about 1700 years for its renewal. In consequence of the greater
salinity and density of the deep water, the Black sea shows only slight
evidence of vertical currents. It is apparent only to a depth of 125
fathoms, and only to this depth therefore, is there sufficient O for the
support of animal life. The deep water, fed only by the undercurrent,
which, on account of the high specific gravity due to its salinity, does not
mix with the surface water, has insufficient O for animal life. At a depth
of about 100 fathoms the separation of H,S is observable; 33 ccm from 100
liters of water. With greater depth the amount of H,S rapidly grows;
570 ccm at 500 fathoms; but farther down the increase is less rapid. The
separation of H,S is regarded as due to microbes (Sulfobacteria) specially
to Bacterium hydrosulfuricum ponticum, derived from animal
remains of the necton and plankton; and in part also from sulfates. Hand
in hand with the separation of and enrichment in H,S is the diminution of
sulfates in the sea water, the separation of carbonates and of FeS...
The constant, specifically lighter surface layer over the heavier, richly
saline deep water, the lack of O and the separation of H,S in the depths,
thus condition in the Black sea its peculiar bionomic character, the absence
of benthonic animals beiow the 100 fathom line. In the littoral and shallow
water zone benthonic life is present; in the depths from 35-100 fathoms,
the zone of the ‘ Modiola muds,” there is, with Modiola phaseolina,
a large number of clams and snails. . .
"La mer noire: Guide des excursions du 7 Congrés géolog. internat. 1897. no. 29.
Die Jura-Ablagerungen zw. Regensburg und Regenstauf (Separate from Geognost.
Jahresheft. 1go1. 14 Jahrgang, p. 43 ef seg.)
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 201
The sediments of the Black sea are: (1) in the littoral zone and to a
depth of about 20 fathoms, accumulations of sandy detritus; (2) to the 100
fathom line, gray blue sticky mud, ivom 35-100 fathoms, rich in Modiola
phaseolina, etc. (3) in the great depins the bottom is covered with (a)
very fine, sticky, black mud with rich separation of FeS, abundant remains
of planktonic diatoms and with fragments of quite young lamellibranchs
(early stages of widely scattered plankton forms), (b) dark blue mud; FeS
is here in less measure, but in richer quantity are separations of minutely
grained CaCO, making at times thin banks; skeletons of peiagic diatoms
are also abundant.
From analogy with these observations on the conditions actually exist-
ing in a secluded body of sea water, it may be necessary to conceive that
the black shale deposits of the Portage with their abundant segregations
of iron sulfid, sulfates of lime, barium and strontium and of limestone
nodules, are likewise the result of accumulation in water of great depth and
imperfect vertical circulation.
These bituminous muds of Portage time are also permeated with frag-
ments of terrestrial drift wood, Lepidodendron, Cyclostigma, Asteropteris,
Calamites, etc. But, if we may be guided by the resuits of recent dredg-
ings, these are in themselves no indication of either shallow water or near-
ness to land. One might cite in illustration of this the results obtained by
the Blake in the Caribbean sea, where at a distance of 20 to 30 kilometers
from the land and at a depth of over 1200 fathoms, great quantities of
terrestrial vegetation, together with the shells of land snails, were brought
up. Walther? remarks thereupon:
The contents of many a dredge would have put a paleontologist to
confusion, for, as between the deep sea forms of crabs, annelids, fishes,
echinoderms, sponges and the mango and orange leaves, bamboo stalks and
land snails, it would be difficult to decide whether the deposit was a deep
sea or a terrestrial one. In fossil condition this mixture would have been
regarded as the deposit of a shallow estuary surrounded by forests, while it
actually came from a depth of over 2000 meters.
The few animal remains that these shales contain are largely necton
"Agassiz. Three Cruises of the Blake. 1888. 1: 291.
Walther. Einleitung in die Geologie. 1894. p. 954.
202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
=
fish plates (Dinichthys, Pristacanthus) and scales (Palaeoniscus, Acanthodes)
and though the cale nodules and more persistent calc sheets contain inverte-
brates (goniatites, Pterochaenia, Paracardium, Styliolina) we shall presently
observe that the latter have been measurably effected by eastward currents
from the open sea.
For the most part, however, the deposits of this Portage sea along its
northern extent were in shallower water and constituted of clay muds
commingled with sand, more of the former than of the latter in western
New York, more sand than mud nearer the emerging and encroaching coast
farther to the east. It was a period of active stream: erosion on Portage
land, for the sand and mud swept out to sea by river and undertow reached
a notable thickness, fully 1300 feet where thickest and sandiest (Chenango
county), 1200 feet on the Genesee river, where both muds and sands abound,
but much less on the shore of Lake Erie.’ It was therefore a time of exten-
sive reduction of elevated continental areas, a time of shifting shore lines
and sand bars, of encroachment of littoral deposits on the deeper water and
of the foul, black muds of the depths on the sands. It is to the gray muds
that the fauna specially appertains, and, though ranging through the higher
sandstones of the sections, yet its development is always more sparse in such
deposits. It is likewise the sands that carry for the most part abundant
traces of terrestrial vegetation and that show the trails of crustaceans
and annelids and the rills and ripple marks of the beaches. The eventual
conditions of rapid erosion manifested during later Portage time and the
rapid reduction of the Portage highlands (Afpalachza to the south;
Laurentza to the north) were continued in time beyond the Portage with
which we are not now directly concerned. The deep water conditions repre-
sented by the black shale deposits and on which the sands encroached were
continuously prevalent toward the west. In Erie county it is not easy nor
is it at all important to distinguish between the black shales commonly
referred to the Genesee and those which are palpably equivalent to the
lower of two strongly bituminous shale bands eastward in Ontario county ;
*See the comparative sections given on p. 212 ef seq.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 203
thereafter, with a brief interval of gray muds, appears a second black
band of great thickness (227 feet; in Ontario county but 21 feet in
thickness) separated from a bituminous band above by an interval of
257 feet of muds and sands. And again at a still higher horizon on
Lake Erie is a third black band altogether absent in sections farther
east. Doubtless the increase westward in the number and thickness of
these bituminous deposits indicates the prevalence thither of the deeper
waters of a now well inclosed sea, as indicated by their predominance in
northern Ohio and in the vicinity of Kettle Point, Ontario, in both regions
to the essential exclusion of the gray muds with their characteristic
fauna.
The nature of the calcareous banks in these bituminous muds invites
further attention. The Styliola or Genundewa limestone is a thin sheet
sometimes interrupted, sometimes nodular, but virtually continuous from
Lake Erie to Seneca lake. It is for the most part a mass of exuviae of the
pteropod Styliolina fissurella and in many places bears little trace
of intermixture of sedimentary mud. It carries with it species of the
Naples fauna which now make their earliest appearance, goniatites, lamelli-
branchs and gastropods, and we have frequently cited this occurrence as
illustrative of a prenunczal fauna. But notwithstanding the presence of
various molluscan shells the mass is essentially a pteropod ooze. Now the
existing pteropods are pelagic creatures of surface or zonal habit, rising to
the top of the water or-swimming below it much according to the time of
day* and for the most part the shelled species are warm water or tropic
forms; with but one or two exceptions cold water species are shell-less*;
moreover the distribution of the dead shells on the sea bottom, says Wal-
ther,? corresponds to the distribution of the living animals on the sea surface.
There is no reason to doubt the pteropod nature of the needlelike
shells of Styliolina fissurella, the essential component of the
J ihomsony WeeeienecoMtlanticr wo 7S.) pi Tas.
Murray & Renard. Challenger; Deep Sea Deposits, p. 224.
3Walther. Ejinleitung, p. 507.
204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Styliola limestone, distinguished from the living Styliola only, so far as
evidence goes, etymologically.’
Species of recent Styliola occur in immense abundance in the warm
Atlantic currents, but the cold northern waters keep them from the coast of
Britain.’
In these facts we find a rational ground for inferring that the
pteropod ooze represented by the Styliola limestone, and the free dis-
semination of Styliola in the overlying Naples beds in association with
Hyolithus and myriads of the minute spiral and probably pteropodous shell
Protospirialis, indicates the presence of swarms of these creatures swept
through the upper waters by warm currents coming in from the southwest.
The pteropod deposits do not extend in mass eastward of Seneca lake nor
do they approach the eastern shore line of this period. Their dissemina-
tion in this direction was doubtless prevented by the cold coastal current
entering the gulf from the northwest and laving the northern and eastern
shore lines. .
The origin of the sediment which constitutes the bands of bituminous
shale in the gulf deposits of this time is, in our judgment, to be sought less
in the impregnation of the sediments by admixture of organic constituents
resulting from decomposition, than in the influx of drainage from low, flat,
continental and insular land masses of the southwest or from the deep but
swamp filled valleys of Appalachia. This supposition assumes that the
organic intermixture was largely terrestrial.
Here too we may note the gradual introduction in Portage time of a
coastal change to the east which became of increasing and widespread
importance as time passed on and into the subsequent, or Chemung epoch.
The apex of the Appalachian gulf during the earlier part of Portage
time, must have reached to Albany, the northern shore approximately
"The zoolopist Pelseneer has suggested that the pteropods are a race of comparatively
recent development in the earth’s history, an opinion for which a restricted acquaintance
with the facts of paleontology would seem to be responsible.
Thomson, W. The Atlantic. 1878. p. 127.
i
i
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 205
following the line of the Mohawk river and the southern shore coming in
from the southwest along the inner margin of the Appalachian ridges, the
two meeting in a narrow curve which gave to this inward projection of the
sea but relatively slight breadth. A shoaling of the water at this end of
the gulf, a differential movement raising the crust in this region, com-
menced when Portage time was well under way, and produced banks
which must have become a more or less efficient land barrier, throwing the
interior coast line well to-the west, and for a while, probably for the
remainder of Portage time and perhaps through all the subsequent epoch,
excluded forms of marine life from these almost landlocked waters. This
was the place and such the origin of the Oneonta sands, a mass of
strata freely tinted with red and green. At the head of the gulf, where the
waters were earliest affected by the barrier, these lie close on the very basal
layers of the marine contemporaneous Portage sediments and rise ever
higher in the section as they encroach southward on the gulf by the out-
ward extension of the barriers. Having become shut off from free access
to the salt water by land bars over which the sea entered only at times of
stress or when the barrier was parted for a while, this apical or Albany
segment of the gulf was gradually purified by heavy land drainage and
became a large brackish or fresh-water lagoon in which no true marine
organisms could flourish.
Lake Oneonta. The history of this Devonic lagoon may be outlined
thus. Beginning almost directly after the close of Hamilton time, the
marine waters were shut out of the Albany end of the Appalachian gulf in
such manner as seems to indicate the establishment of estuarine conditions
at the head of the gulf. With progress of Portage time this lagoon
expanded in area, spreading to the’west across the present Chenango valley
and to the south into Pennsylvania. During the latter part of Portage
time this body of water was so nearly purified of its salinity as to support in
abundance a bivalve, Archanodon or Amnigenia catskillensis,
very like the fresh-water Unios of the present, and doubtless of similar habit.’
*Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 49. 1901. p. 199.
206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
There was present also the little phyllopod, Estheria membranacea,’
which is elsewhere known only in the old Devonic lakes of Scotland and
Russia, but, on the whole, invertebrate animal remains are most unusual in
these sediments. The fact that ingress of salt water into this lagoon
occurred at times, probably of storm and heavy tidal flow, is shown by the
presence of shells of Orthoceras standing vertical in great numbers? in
certain strata, where they were evidently floated in by inrush from the deep
waters without, dead or killed by contact with the fresh water. Large
quantities of terrestrial vegetation, Lepidodendron, ferns (Archaeopteris,
Psaronius) were washed down into this lagoon. Apparently the low shores’
of the land were transgressed in some measure by the spreading lake
waters, as indicated by the stumps of fern trees which have been found in
place in the lower sediments. In this lagoon fish characteristic of Old Red
lake ‘conditions also flourished (Bothriolepis, Holoptychius, etc.). Indeed,
the conditions of deposition so far as indicated by the organisms therein
contains, were altogether similar to those prevailing in the formation of
cane N. Y. State Pal. Rep’t 1900. Ig0!. Pp. 103.
2Following the arguments presented by Jaekel (Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch.
1902. 54:67+101) for the attached condition and erect growth of Orthoceras, it has been
suggested by Beushausen (Joc. c/f.) that these occurrences of vertical Orthoceras in the
Oneonta sands, which are the only ones recorded of these shells in such position, may be
due to the accumulation of sediments about the organisms while still attached to the bot-
tom. Aside from other considerations which would tend to show that while Orthoceras
may have been sedentary in its habit it was not affixed by its apex, the physical
conditions involved in the instances cited seem to require a modification of this interpre-
tation. Granted that these bodies of littoral habit were buried in the marine sediments
on the outer or seaward side of the submarine barrier, it is readily conceivable that an
excessive outflow of fresh waters carrying them beyond their proper boundary would kill
outright an entire settlement of these creatures, and would have washed into close prox-
imity with them remains of Archanodon and terrestrial plants such as characterize the
true Oneonta deposits. The position of these marine bodies is on the remote western
boundary of the lagoon during its earlier stages, and their occurrence evinces the insta-
bility of the barrier separating the marine or outer fauna from that within.
3Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 39. 1900. p. 167.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 207
the Devonic lakes of Scotland and the Orkney islands, whose existence and
geographic details have been demonstrated by Sir A. Geikie.‘ Comparison
may also be made with such existing bar-locked lagoons as those which
fringe the Baltic coast of East Prussia, the Frisches Haff and the Kurisches
Haff. Into each of these opens a considerable drainage, the Vistula and
the Niemen, and each is cut off from the marine waters by a long thin bar
through which the fresh water normally finds exit at only one narrow
opening. At times of storm from without these bars are shifted or broken
only to be rebuilt by the natural reaction between the currents of sea and
river. With the sporadic breaking down of the barriers the sea fauna is
washed into the unpropitious conditions of the lagoon or the lagoon fauna
carried out into:the marine deposits.
We have shown from the nature of the Styliola limestone and the
abundance of pteropods in the still higher strata, the probable existence of
warm currents setting into the Appalachian gulf from the southwest, and of
colder currents sweeping the coast line eastward to the region of the
Oneonta lagoon and presenting to the incoming fresh waters the obstacle
necessary to the building of a barrier.
Nonmarine stages succeeding Lake Oneonta. Probably at no time in
the long history of the shallowing of the waters of the gulf was any part
of it so nearly cut off from ingress of the sea waters as during this early
period of Portage time. During the following epoch (Chemung time)
similar conditions continued, but the area of impounded water expanded
southwestward by the opening or extension of old barriers. The inter-
leaving of its sediments with those of the marine Chemung and even
post-Chemung deposits indicates a possibility of easier encroachment of one
* The sands of the Scottish Old Red lakes have been shown to be in no inconsider-
able part wind blown, and imply arid and desert wastes about the shores of the impounded
waters (See the investigations by William Mackie and J. G. Goodchild in the Transac-
tions of the Geological Society of Edinburgh for 1897-99). To what extent similar
conditions are implied in the composition of the Oneonta and Catskill sands has yet to
be determined.
208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
area on the other." Our present evidence seems to indicate with a measure
of conclusiveness that the encroachment of the enlarging Oneonta lake was
continued beyond the close of the Chemung and Devonic time into the
period of Lower Carbonic deposits. The recent study of the Upper
Devonic and higher strata of southwestern New York (Olean and
Salamanca quadrangles) indicates that a marked change in the fauna, one
which involves the disappearance of the majority of Chemung species and
the sudden introduction of forms of Carbonic type, manifests itself at a
horizon directly beneath the red sand beds with Holoptychius, Bothriolepis,
etc., which have long and correctly been looked on as a westward extension
of Catskill sediments. If thus the later strata of the great Catskill forma-
tion both in eastern and southern New York and in central western
Pennsylvania represent in some measure time later than Devonic, we shall
find this ancient Old Red lake again in full correspondence with those of
Scotland, which have been shown to be areas of localized lacustrine deposit
during a period of rapid erosion extending from before the close of the
Siluric till after the close of the Devonic. The varying extent of these
fresh and brackish water boundaries is well expressed in the existing sedi-
ments, and we may hence with convenience designate those successive
stages in time and growth as follows:
(1) The Oneonta stage, a relatively small area of deposit almost land-
locked, probably restricted to Portage time; (2) ‘the Catskill stage, the
enlarged area of deposit extending from the Catskill mountains southward
into Pennsylvania* and continuing through Chemung time; and probably
"Lest this should be interpreted as positive evidence of open connection between the
fresh and salt waters, it is to be borne in mind that in the case of the Scotch Old Red
lakes the same conditions prevail, with evidences of interlamination of marine and fresh-
water sediments at the feather edges of both and occasional irruptions from the heart of
the sea over the lacustrine deposits. ;
The character of Catskill beds in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia
has been the subject of careful study by Stevenson, Claypole, Prosser, White, Campbell
and others, but we still lack the requisite information concerning their relation to the
estuarine conditions farther north, and to the marine deposits of the heart of the gulf.
—"
EE
PLATE A
APPALACHIAN GULF IN EARLY PORTAGE TIME
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 209
(3) the Cattaraugus stage, in which the area of deposit extended westward
from the Catskill area into the southern tier of New York counties and in
northern Pennsylvania, time being early Carbonic. The deposits of this
stage may be represented in the higher strata of the Catskill mountains
section.
Bionic provinces of the Appalachian gulf during Portage time
The distinctions in the life provinces over the north shore of this
ancient gulf are marked with wonderful clearness. No such striking
illustration of distinct faunal association in an area of so slight extent
is elsewhere afforded by the rocks of New York. The provincial distinc-
tions have been referred to by the writer on several occasions; they are
here briefly recounted.
1 Oneonta province. This is the easternmost part of the sedimentation
area of Portage time, or, if not of the entire epoch, at least of most of it."
The area covers large parts of Delaware, Otsego and Chenango counties
east of the Chenango river, and tongues of its upper deposits extend west-
ward across the last named county. As has been explained at length
above, we look on the organisms which occupied this area as of fresh-
water or at least estuarine habit. The sediments are sands similar,
save for their notable iron oxid tints, to those of the marine provinces
adjoining.
2 Ithaca province. A typical marine fauna of benthonic habit spread
over the heart of the gulf. It was the Ithaca fauna, profuse in species and
individuals. Its area of sedimentation at the opening of this time seems
to have spread from the Albany head of the gulf, but the shallowing which
gave birth to Lake Oneonta initiated the transgression of the lagoon area
over this marine province. Westward the fauna continues in force to the
meridian of Cayuga lake, in its later stages transgressing in this vicinity
for a short distance the earlier sediments of the bionic province next west.
* According to Prosser there is evidence of slight thickness of Ithaca deposits beneath
the Oneonta beds on the Hudson river side of the area.
2VO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
The fauna of this province is indigenous. Prolonged stuay of its compo-
sition shows it to be at the outset the fauna of the Hamilton stage. It is
the autochthonous fauna of this period, having been on the ground during
Hamilton time. The modifications which supervened on the species as
time passed, gradually changed the face of the organic association, so that
eventually the species individually and the fauna as a whole became
impressed with a character quite their own.
3 Genesee province. From the interleaved strata along the meridian of
Cayuga lake, the field westward to Lake Erie is occupied by softer shales
with interbedded and overlying sands, the former embodying locally two or
three noteworthy bands of bituminous shales, repetitive expressions of the
Genesee shale beneath. The Genesee province contained a fauna which
was (as we have previously demonstrated) wholly a newcomer into the
gulf from the northwest, an invasion by way of a brief submergence of the
western old shore line; a world-wide traveler, it has maintained with
surprising integrity its. individuality on its long journey eastward from
middle Germany into Russia ‘and Siberia and down through British
America (Manitoba). Its stay was brief, and with its disappearance the
Appalachian sea was again shut off at the west. It is the fauna of the zone
of Manticoceras intumescens, or, speaking geographically, the
Naples fauna. Its earlier species penetrated as far eastward as Cayuga
lake, but here the invasion ended, as the field was occupied by a resistant
aggregation, the Ithaca fauna’; the invaders. seem to have been finally
driven to exile by the outburst and aggression of the Chemung fauna.
Some of its associated species, specially those which seem to have ancestral
relations with the antecedent Hamilton fauna, extend eastward in the inter-
leaves of the Ithaca province, but occurrences of this kind are rare.
Within the fauna of this Genesee province are two evident congeries, one
an advance guard of the invasion, which extended to the eastern limit of
—
—$——__——_9— 7.
«A very few of the commoner forms of the fauna which may have been derived from
the Hamilton stage beneath, occur at points still farther east, in the 200 feet of strata
immediately overlying the Genesee shales.
PLATE B
Ne
ENS
——
-—— - - —— -- ——
a : :
S
NF e
—
—
SS
—AYAm>
= aap oS
| so
4
»
Scale of Miles
Cy 20
BIONIC PROVINCES
OF PORTAGE TIME IN NEW YORK
Gn Genesee Province, Naples subprovince. Ge Genesee
Chautauqua subproyince
O Oneonta Province, I Ithaca Province,
Province,
A
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 ZW
the province, the other following in its train, which did not attain a point
so far east. We have elsewhere defined the earliest or prenuncial appear-
ance of’ the western fauna in the Genundewa or Styliola limestone of
the Genesee shales, an appearance coextensive with the entire province
from Yates county to Lake Erie. Even farther to the east in Seneca
county where the Genundewa limestone is not present, there is a higher
horizon near the top of the Genesee shales where this fauna is present.’
Thus the species which traveled farthest have sometimes left their traces
behind over the whole area, in other instances have developed fruitfully
only when reaching the eastern region. On the other hand, most species
of this rear guard never penetrated the easterly region. The whole fauna
of the Genesee province is knit together by its biologic limitations, its
evident deep water habit, the community of generic character among
unlike species, its appurtenance, in eastern and western expression alike,
to the fauna with Mantic. intumescens and its remarkable simi-
larity with transatlantic manifestations of that fauna. It is with the species
of this Genesee province that we are in these particulars, here alone
concerned.
Consideration of the tables given at the end of the book will show our
present knowledge of the geographic distribution of the members of this
fauna and indicates how well founded are these differences in their dissemi-
nation. We have therefore on this basis observed the evident existence of
two subprovinces of the Genesee province :
Naples subprovince; at the outset covering the entire extent of the prov-
ince but subsequently closely restricted to the eastern region; during most
of its existence approximately bounded on the east by the meridian of
Cayuga lake, and on the west by the Genesee river.
Chautauqua subprovince; the western region; extending from the Genesee
river to Lake Erie and nearly to the western state line; of later date than
the opening stages of the Naples subprovince.
eClamnke, IN, We Suave Gook win Aim, ING, SO)G5 Ds WO)
21.2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dissemination of the subprovincial faunas in the Appalachian gulf. In
-western Maryland (Allegany and Garrett counties) a meager represen-
tation of the fauna of the Naples subprovince occurs in dark and gray
shales, with some allied species which have not been observed in New
York.. We have noted Buchiola retrostriata, B. livoniae,
B. conversa, B. mariae (not in New York), Paracardium ¢de-
catulum, P. doris, Pterochaenia fragilis, Lumulveardium
velatum, L.cymbula (not in New York), Bactrites aciculum,
Orthoceras filosum, Tornoceras uniangulare.
The northward extent of this fauna along this southern edge of the
gulf has not been carefully studied though we know the presence of Buch.
retrostriata and Pteroch. fragilis in the gray shales of Perry
county, Pa.
The fauna of the Chautauqua subprovince has left no trace of itself
outside the region of its typical development.
Comparisons of stratigraphic sections in the Genesee province
The tables herewith given serve to indicate the stratigraphic section
and its variations in three meridians of this province, one near the east
(Naples section), one at about the middle (Genesee river section), and one
at the west (Lake Erie section). These sections purport to represent, not
a given period of homogenous sedimentation, for the sediments are not
such, but the difference in duration of the Naples fauna with reference to_
the total sedimentation.
Naples section. We find at the top of the Genesee shale’ a thin layer
of gray flags and shale followed by
Feet
1 Middlesex bituminous shales - - - - - - - 30
2 Gray sandy shales and muds with thin sandstones and flags
becoming thicker toward the top - - . - . = Ses
These are the Cashaqua shales
* This formation is properly to be classed with the Portage beds, as its fauna, so far as
distinctive, bears the first representation of the characteristic Naples congeries, but in
these sections we have reckoned from the top of the Genesee shales.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 213
3. Rhinestreet bituminous shales - - - - - - 21
4 Hatch sands, flagstones and sandstones with intermingled clay
shales saee hss - - - - - - - - ee:
Throughout this interval of about 600 feet the Naples fauna prevails,
without evidence of encroachment of the eastern or Ithaca fauna.
5 Grimes sandstone. Thin bedded, gray flags and sands contain-
ing the Ithaca fauna - - - - - - - - 50
6 Westhill sandstones; heavy bedded sands, flags and few
shales. - - - : > - - - - - - 600
Fossils occur in these rocks (6) only occasionally, but they are chiefly
indicative of the Ithaca or possibly the earliest stages of the Chemung
fauna.‘ We find here such species as the dictyosponges, Hydnoceras
PubcGCosmMahn~agtapilen tiyvdrtodictya cylix, Ceratro-
diem amammulat athe sbrachiopodssspirifer mucronatus var
DOSS Seles aActaialis Shropmeodoenta cayuta, Scliz-
ophoria impressa, etc. Notrace, however, appears of Spirifer
disjunctus except in
7 Highpoint sandstone. Heavy bedded, more or less calcareous sand-
stones
Genesee river section. At the base are
mn & WwW N
1 Middlesex black band - - - - - - - - - 35
Cashaqua shales - - - - - - - - - 130
Rhinestreet black band - : = - - - - 52
Hatch flags and sandy shales - - - - - - - 209
Representing the position of the Grimes sandstone but carrying
no Ithaca fossils - - = - - - - : - 25
6 Gardeau ( -Westhill) flags and sandstones with few fossils - 428
Portage sandstones - - - - - - : - - 182
8 Wiscoy shales, flags and sandy or clay shales - - - - 150
*It is extraordinarily difficult to fix on a division plane between the Ithaca and the
overlying Chemung faunas, as the one passes into the other by easy gradation, and we
are still somewhat at loss in determining specific values indicial of the early stages of
Chemung time.
214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
In this section no Ithaca fossils appear, but the Naples fauna ranges
throughout, that is to say that, while in the Naples section this fauna
ranges through only 626 feet, in the Genesee river section it persists through
about twice that amount, or 1211 feet, before the incoming of the
brachiopod fauna from the east, which is here distinctly Chemung. It
has been shown by D. D. Luther’ that the original Portage sandstones
in this section are equivalent to and continuous with the Highpoint sand-
stones in the Naples section carrying a fully developed Chemung fauna.
These noteworthy differences in the distribution of the fauna in these two
sections show definitely two facts, first that the Naples fauna came in from
the west, second that the Ithaca-Chemung or brachiopod fauna spread
westward from central New York.
Lake Erie section (Erie and Chautauqua counties). At the bottom of
the section é
1 Middlesex black band - - - 5 4 é s ‘ i He
2 Cashaqua shales - - - - : : : . : 32
3. Rhinestreet black band - - - - - - - a eer
4 Silver Creek and Angola soft light sandy shales with few flags 257
5 Dunkirk black band - - - : : : : x : 58
6 Portland light colored shales and thin flags — - - - - 282
Above this total of 868 feet comes in the Chemung brachiopod fauna
represented in a sandstone 22 feet in thickness, termed by James Hall the
Laona sandstone, exposed at Laona, Forestville, Brocton, etc. Comparison
of this section with the others shows, as we have already pointed out, the
very notable increase of the black shales toward the west and the rapid
decrease of sands the farther we get away from the emerging shore at the
east. An examination of the fossils shows the prevalence of many species
in the beds above the heaviest black band which exist neither in the
Cashaqua shales at the bottom nor in the development of the shaly beds
in eastern sections. These constitute the body of the fauna characterizing
the Chautauqua subprovince.
tN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 52. 1902. p. 616.
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NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 215
Bionomic character of the fauna
Throughout the components of this fauna there is a striking homo-
geneity of character expressed in the fact that all classes of invertebrate
organisms are thin shelled, a condition compromised solely by the presence
of a few representatives from the adjoining fauna to the east. We have
observed in discussing the cephalopods that beyond question the large
representation of the Goniatitinae is an actual constituent of the fauna,
not strangers or interlopers from some outside region. The known
benthonic characters of Nautilus lead rationally to the predication of
similar benthonic habits for all the coiled cephalopods of this congeries.
Similarly, in other groups we have distinguishing marks of deep littoral
habit, which is of itself indicated by the thinness of the shell in all.
The prevailing species of the lamellibranchs are the Lunulicardia.
Even the largest of these must have been of very tenuous shell, and they
were all closely attached and dependent organisms, as shown by the great
development of the byssal aperture. All the other lamellibranchs are thin
shelled. The gastropods, with the exception of Palaeotrochus, which we
know to have existed in earlier rocks and to have continued into a still later
stage, were thin shelled. There is no reliable indication throughout the
fauna of shallow water habit even in the attached Lunulicardia and but
few of true pelagic habit. It is quite likely that the set of the coastal
current established by the temporary submergence of the northwest barrier,
which allowed this fauna to enter the Appalachian gulf for a while, brought
with #t masses and tangles of the great algae that are found in these rocks,
Dadoxylon and Nematophycus, of which we know portions of the stock
having a length of fully 20 feet anda girth equal to that of a man’s body;
these doubtless afforded a base of attachment for the numerous thin shelled
byssus-bearing lamellibranchs. The deep water conditions are also corrob-
orated by the evidence derived from the presence of the bituminous shale
beds. If the latter on the whole indicate the depths of the gulf below the
line of flourishing life, and their organisms are largely those of the upper
216 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
strata of the water which have dropped into the sediments below, then the
soft gray mud beds which throughout the region carry the fauna in its
highest development, must indicate the life of the water just above these
depths. That the shales are encroached on by sand deposits, thin at first
and eventually predominant, indicates only the distance from the shore line
to which the coarser terrigene detritus was carried.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA
The lamellibranchs of this fauna form a singular assemblage. Notwith-
standing the abundance and high development of certain expressions of the
cephalopods, particularly the Goniatite types Manticoceras, Gephyroceras,
Probeloceras, Sandbergeroceras, Tornoceras and others, it is yet quite fair
to say that the lamellibranch element of this fauna in both the eastern and
western subprovinces is its most distinctive characteristic. Into this faunal
province of Portage time strayed only an occasional representative of taxo-
dont or aviculoid shell, while the same sea in the contemporaneous east-
ward or Ithaca province fairly swarmed with them. On the other hand, at
no period in history have the peculiar genera Lunulicardium, Buchiola,
Praecardium, Paracardium, Honeoyea, Paraptyx, Ontaria, Pterochaenia,
Loxopteria, Tiaraconcha, Euthydesma, attained such development, indeed
for the most part never having appeared before or since. From the list of
70 species here described one may eliminate six or eight, and of the
remainder we shall find that all of these peculiar genera are knit together
by one striking characteristic, viz absence of denticulated hinge. There is
in all a most pronounced convergence to this structureless condition.
We find that species of this character are prevalent wherever the Intumes-
cens fauna is well developed, but at no other period of Devonic history
have they thus manifested themselves. Indeed, so far as the entire
Paleozoic succession of faunas is concerned, but once elsewhere does there
appear to have been such an outburst of these simplified lamellibranchiate
expressions ; this instance is the astounding manifestation of such shells in
the later Siluric stages (specially E) of Bohemia, whence Barrande has
portrayed an extended variety of species, whose detailed structure has yet
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 217
to be carefully studied. These representatives of Lunulicardium, Cardiola,
Buchiola, Dualina, Panenka and other hingeless shells are numbered by
some hundreds of specific names.
The Cardioconch condition
It was the opinion of Neumayr that such lamellibranchs as the genera
above mentioned, which we have specially to consider in the Intumescens
zone fauna, represent a simple and primitive type of molluscan shell struc-
ture expressed mainly and generally in the absence of cardinal apophyses.
Basing his inference chiefly on the data supplied by the Bohemian Upper
Siluric species, he designated these shells Palaecoconchae —a name expres-
sive of an idea and not designed to take ordinal value. To Beushausen,
having in mind the exuberant development of these shells in late Devonic
time and only their sporadic appearance in faunas older than Upper Siluric,
the name has seemed inappropriate, and he has proposed to call them
preferably Cardzoconchae. \n this term, eliminating the time element in
the designation, there also lurks an element of danger if it conveys the
notion that ancestrally or actually these genera are necessarily related to
the genus Cardium. The cardioconchs are in our judgment simply an
expression of uniformity in or convergence to the obliteration of all hinge
structure. We may speak of a cardzoconch condztzon and of species as
cardioconchs which have attained this condition, but should not employ
the term otherwise than as an expression of a peculiar morphologic equiva-
lence. The primitive aspect of the hinge in this phase or state is supple-
mented by other primitive features, notably the tenuity of the shell
substance. Such manifestations of denticulation as are at times shown by
some of the genera, e. g. Buchiola, are reversions to the condition of the
provinculum and are not of the nature of permanent dentition. In the
absence of permanent apophyses of articulation, this end is frequently
attained by interlocking of the ends of the plications along the dorsal line.
(Ontaria, Lunulicardium, etc.)*
«The minute planktonic shell described by Simroth as Planktomya henseni
has on the hinge such denticulations as are shown by Buchiola and it seems probable that
218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
The convergence of these shells is a consequence of uniform physical
conditions, and it has as its result the obliteration of original differences
and ancestral generic characters. Hence the determination of phylogeny
herein is rendered extremely difficult. Some are doubtless Dimyarians
with cardioid affinities (Ontaria, Buchiola, Praecardium), others appear to
be allied to the aviculoids and Monomyarians (Posidonia, Kochia, Loxop-
teria and probably Lunulicardium, Honeoyea, Pterochaenia). The tenuity
of the shell rarely permits any indication of muscular scars. In Lunuli-
cardium, Honeoyea and Pterochaenia ontogeny shows that the primitive
shell is simple and veneriform in outline, the great hiatus a wholly second-
ary development.
OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE FAUNA
The Pteropods are represented by myriads of individuals but only a
few species. The Gastrofods are more abundant in species, the predomi-
nant genera being Loxonema, Phragmostoma, Bellerophon, Tropidocyclus,
Palaeotrochus and Pleurotomaria, all of thin shelled forms. Of the
Brachiopods there are few, and these are seldom to be found in association
with the characteristic members of the fauna. The only forms known are
a Chonetes, a Crania, a small Productella, and three species of Lingula; all
are rare and quite certainly survivors of the replaced Hamilton or inter-
lopers from the adjoining Ithaca fauna. Of the Cora/s none are known
save species of Aulopora found incrusting the dead shells fallen to the bot-
tom, and a small cyathophylloid in the Wiscoy shales.
~The deep littoral habit of this fauna is again indicated by its wide dis-
semination. We have observed that no life zone in history maintains its
individuality with more persistence and integrity over the earth than this, a
fact evinced by the frequency of determinations of identity between the
New York and transatlantic species and expressions of close specific rela-
tionship in a still greater number of instances, and again by community in
strange and peculiar genera at remote manifestations of the fauna, specially
both are of the same nature [see Simroth. Die Acephalen der Plankton-Expedition.
1896. v. 2, F. e, pl. 1, fig. rc]. Planktomya is a shell composed wholly of conchiolin and
has been caught at the surface in the waters of the tropical Atlantic,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 219
those of Westphalia, Franconia, Timan and New York. To a littoral fauna
this permanency of composition would be incompatible with obstacles to
be surmounted in the course of migration.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
LuNnuLicaRpium Miinster 1840
The genus Lunulicardium was proposed by Miinster in the third heft
of his Beztrige zur Petrefaktenkunde (1840) for certain shells from the
uppermost Devonic (Clymeniakalk) of Franconia.
No clear definition of the genus was given by the author; and hence
in the progress of knowledge some difficulty has arisen in determining to
what species the name is now to be applied, for the eight examples
embraced under the term by its propounder have seemed to some writers
to represent distinct generic types. The subject is introduced first on page
58 of the work cited, and on page 69 begins the descriptions of the species.
On the former page, discussing the characters of the ‘“Cardiaceae,” the
author says: ‘But there occur in the Franconian Clymenia and Orthocer-
atite limestones still other heretofore undescribed species which have at the
side of the beak a sharp semilunar insection, in some, separated from the
shell by an expanded process. . . These particular species I haye
believed it necessary to separate under the name Lunulacardium ; they fall
into two groups.” Minster did not further specify the characteristics of
the groups except in indicating as above the presence of an expansion of
the shell along the hiatus. Barrande* in 1881, discussing the genus, noted
that such of these shells as seem to possess a well developed auricle sepa-
rated from the body of the valve by a groove, form a distinct association
from the rest in which this character did not appear; and Zittel* proposed
that these be placed with the Carbonic genus Chaenocardia Meek. Holz.
apfel? pointed out the difference between such shells and Chaenocardia,
*Systéme Silurien, 6: ror.
Handbuch der Palaontologie. 1885. 2: 36.
3Die Cephalopoden ftihrenden Kalke d. unt. Carbon von Erdbach-Breitscheid be
Herborn: Palaontolog. Abhandlungen. N.F. 1889. 1: 6r.
220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and introduced for them the term Chaenocardiola. Beushausen* has
employed the latter name and has introduced an additional generic division,
Prochasma, represented by Miinster’s L. pyriforme.
The first of Miinster’s species described is L. semistriatum, one
of the Chaenocardiola group. To this species we should legitimately have
recourse in establishing the value of the genus. It is a matter of serious
regret that no one has taken up for reconsideration the important work of
Miinster on these upper Devonic lamellibranchs. The description of the
Lunulicardiidae of the Rhenish Devonic given by Beushausen is a most
valuable account of these shells but does not specially concern itself with
Miinster’s species. Lunulicardium semistriatum was described
as follows:
Wider than long; opposite the large and
crescentic incurvature on the anterior side isa
low incision which in the lithograph is made
too deep; the lower margin has a subsemicir-
cular groove, the lower half of the surface is
covered with radiating striae, the umbonal sur-
Fig. 1 Lunulicardium semistriatum (after face highly convex with a few concentric
Mitnster) grooves; the abruptly arched and acute beak
anterior to the great lunule.
It appears from this description and is furthermore evident in the
descriptions of other species of the same group that Miinster regarded the
characteristic lateral marginal flattening of the valves asa lunule. In Holz-
apfel’s earlier observations the author described a number of Lunulicardia
from the lower Upper Devonic of Westphalia and in a later work briefly
discussed Miinster’s species, indicating the probability of there being
therein distinct groups. Here it was that he proposed to eliminate under
the term Chaenocardiola, shells having a long lunule and byssal cleft cutting
the valves from beak to basal margin almost midway, and having opisthogyre
beaks. The species taken as the type of this genus, however, is C. halio-
toidca Roemer (sp.) from the Culm.
*Die Lamellibranchiaten des rheinischen Devon init Ausschluss der Aviculiden:
Abhandl. d. Kénigl. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt. N. F. 1895. heft 17.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 221
Beushausen construes as Lunulicardium certain suborbicular shells typi-
fied by L. ventricosum Sandberger, which he illustrates as a species
having a short lunule and with the byssal opening quite or nearly closed by
vertical walls; with a lineate ligamental area (common to all these shells)
behind the beak, and the beaks themselves directed forward, or prosogyre.
The author suggests that Miinster’s species L. excrescens is of this
type. The reason for dissociating such a form generically from the type of
the genus L. semistriatum is not clear to us, and it does not appear
that this construction in any way fortifies the genus. This is rather a con-
ception or an idea of Lunulicardium than an effort to follow closely the
intentions of the author of the genus evident in the descriptions and figures
of L. semistriatum as given above; for the features of this shell are
in most particulars clear and quite in harmony with the great majority of
forms which, so far as our experience goes, palpably belong to this group.
In all the extensive material that has been before us, some hundreds of
specimens representing this genus, we have seen no instance in which the
beaks are not apparently directed away from the umbolateral deflection or
lunule, except in the shells we have herein designated as Pterochaenia.
While Miinster, Zittel, Beushausen and Holzapfel have agreed in regarding
the opening of the valves as a byssal passage, Barrande and Hall were
more cautious in their expréssions concerning it, the former designating it
alternatively as ‘“lunule” or “pan coupé.”
The great truncation and hiatus in these shells, their most conspicuous
feature, may be construed as serving one of the following functions:
(1) a siphonal opening, (2) a ligamental hiatus, (3) a mantle opening for
the extrusion of water in swimming, (4) a passage for the byssus.
The first consideration is excluded, as Beushausen has shown from
clearly defined external casts from the limestone of Martenberg the contin-
uity of the pallial line in several species (see also our figures of L. miilleri
and L. inflatum from those localities). While these specimens indi-
cate an integripallial shell, it is worthy of note that L. miilleri displays,
both in Beushausen’s and our ‘own specimens, a central juxtaposition
222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
or fusion of the adductor scars. Other specimens indicating internal
characters show but the single adductor scar [see L. hemicardioides,
pl. 2, fig. 11-16]; but we seem to have in L. miilleri a case of approxi-
mation of the muscles which may be compared to that of the genus
Tridacna, in which the two adductors have approached each other and
joined in the center of the shell, the byssus protruding from the anterior
part of the dorsal line.
The second supposed function is improbable, as giving an external
ligament of a size and power relatively immense and impracticable to the
proportions of the shell.
The third suggestion is entitled to some consideration for the reason
that all these Lunulicardia are thin shelled mollusks and are associated
almost without exception with other equally thin shelled organisms indicat-
ing in some measure a free swimming habit. In such conditions the shell
might be compared with a swimming aviculoid like Lima hians, which,
though a byssus-spinning mollusk, has the power of breaking away from
its byssal nest and propelling itself by the extrusion of water from
between the valves. It would not be necessary to this conception of the
function of the Lunulicardium hiatus that the latter should be situated on
the anterior side of the animal.
Considering the probability of the flattening being anterior and hence
a lunule, and of the hiatus being an opening for the byssus, we have these
features of importance: When the hiatus attains considerable length, it is
notable that the walls which bound it are narrow, sickle-shaped areas stand-
ing vertically to the horizontal axis of the animal. These surfaces we are
proposing to term the szcae or szcal surfaces. Only when the hiatus is
extremely short, that is to say, less than one half the hight of the valve, do
the sicae display a tendency to horizontal expansion. With such a hiatus
bounded by such vertical surfaces, it seems to us a rational proposition that
this structure could be brought about only by close attachment of the shell
to some substantial opposing object preventing growth toward the surface
of attachment. To fill so large an opening seems to us to necessitate the
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 223
existence of an extensive byssus which would draw the shell close to the
base of fixation. With a shorter opening, the byssus, from analogy with
existing species, would be longer, and hence the flanges bounding the
opening, i. e. the walls of the lunule, may find opportunity to become more
horizontal in their direction. Such flattening of the valves on the byssal
side is frequently indicated even where there may be no specialized opening
for the extrusion of the byssus itself, e. g the common Mytilus edulis
and probably its ancient allies passing under the name of Mytilus and such
other names as Mytilarca, Byssonychia, etc., where the abrupt antero-
ventral slope is that which is opposed to the surface of attachment. The
fact of this attachment is again indicated by the virtual absence of
hinge structure in all these shells and indeed throughout the lamelli-
branchs of this fauna. Granting that hinge structures are provided for
protection against movements of the water, dependence by attachment is
thus suggested by the absence of such structures. To the prevalence of
the structureless hinge in these mollusks we have already referred. It is to
be noted that when, in our observation, the two valves of these shells are
found spread wide open without attachment, coherence is maintained from
the beak along the edge of the lunule, while in Pterochaenia the reverse is
the case; in both the opening taking place along the back of the umbo,
whether the direction of the beak be normal as in the latter, or reversed as
in the former.’
As to the structure of the hinge in this species, exact barite replace-
ments show that there is a total absence of inosculating denticles ; beneath
the beaks of both valves alike is a short, regular, triangular surface for the
ligament; in front the hinge line runs directly into the lunular opening ;
behind, the valves interlock at the edges by the stronger development of
the first two or three radial plications.
The larval shell or prodissoconch, which is well displayed in some of
our most delicate replacements, casts very suggestive if not important light
, :
* Se. Lunulicardium encrinitum, pl. 2, fig. 20, and Pterochaenia frag-
IS pleas testes
-
224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
on the morphology and to some degree phylogeny of this genus. This lar-
val shell in the adult condition of Lunulicardium clymeniaeg, lies
with its apex or primitive beak directed downward or toward the postlateral
2
Fig. 2,3 Umbonal partsof Lunulicardium cly meniae, showing triangular area, projecting plications and sical
surface.
extremity of the adult shell, so that the original “posterior” extremity of
the larval shell actually lies at and constitutes the beak of the adult. This
relation is shown in the accompanying figures. The shell has in growth
-Fig. 4-6 The prodissoconch of Lunulicardium clymentae viewed in three attitudes, to show its relation to the
mature shell. The apex is directed obliquely backward and the posterior end of the larval shell is the umbonal point of the
adult.
actually twisted with reference to the animal, and the axial line which we
have marked o-a has apparently traveled through a large angle to reach
the corresponding position in the adult, o-a [see fig. 7].
NAPLES FAUNA. IN WESTERN-NEW YORK, PART 2 22.2.5
For the interpretation of this phenomenon we may be guided by the
remarkable observations recently published by Noetling on the morphology
of the lamellibranchs, specially that on “Das Torszons Gesetz der Schale.”
By careful determination of the oral and anal extremities in living
species, an oro-anal (0-A) axis is located which for purposes of reference is
regarded as a fixed or datum line. -The line of greatest growth (Cvrescenz-
/inte, W and w in figure 7) or that along which the shell increases
most rapidly, is variable for different groups and makes in the series
actual and hypothetic (as illustrated in Noetling’s diagram), all possible
angles with the oro-anal axis. As the beak is always the initial extremity
of the crescence line and the latter is variable, the former also changes
position with reference to the datum.
Noetling has shown the inaccuracy of the current orientation of the
shell with reference to the animal and hence of the descriptive terms
Shicht length, ventral” “dorsal, “anterior and “posterior” as
usually applied, and which circumstances still compel us to adopt. For
mathematical reasons, based on the angle between the oro-anal and cres-
cence axes, Noetling erects eight ordinal groups departing in two directions
from an elementary condition, hypothetic and believed to be paleozoic,
which he designates “ Protoconchae.”
There may of course be all possible intervals between these groups
-which represent only positions on the circle. From the Protoconchae
departure is in one direction toward the dimyarians through the Amphigoni-
acea (no living representative; to be sought in the Paleozoic), the Proso-
goniacea (Mesodesma, Nucula), the Orthogoniacea (Pectunculus), the
Loxogoniacea (the majority of sinupalliates). In the other direction from
«These papers are the following: Beitrage zur Morphologie des Pelecypodenschlosses.
Neues Jahrbuch ftir Mineral. Beilbnd 13. 1900. p. 140; Notes on the Morphology of the
Pelecypoda. Paleontologia Indica, new series 1. Mem. 2. 1899; and that specially
referred to here, Beitrdge zur Morphologie der Pelecypoden. Neues Jahrbuch fiir
Mineral. Beilbnd 15. 1902. p. 394. An English abstract of the last with plate has been
given by Ruedemann in Am. Geol. Jan. 1903, p. 34.
226
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the Protoconchae depart toward the monomyarians, the Staurogoniacea
(unknown ; to be sought in the Paleozoic), the Opisthogoniacea (Avicula),
the Symptogoniacea (Pecten). It is not practicable in this place to enter
Fig. 7 Diagram giving outline
of adult Lunulicardium cly-
meniaewith larval shell attached:
O-A, oro-anal axis in adult shell;
o-a, the same in young shell; w, w,
crescence line in the two. The
lower arc indicates the very large
critical angle for the adult stage,
the upper arc, the critical angle
forthe young stage. The former
is normal to a position between
the Opisthogoniacea and Sympto-
goniacea, the latter in agreement
with the critical angle of the Pro-
toconchae. In comparing this with
Noetliny’s figures it is necessary to
bear in mind that here the exte-
rior of the valve is represented
while in that the interiors are
given. This will account for the
apparent reversal of direction in
the two.
into a further statement of these determinations ;
the reader must look to the original article or its
English abstract.
Referring again to our figures, we find that, if
the adult shell of Lunulicardium be construed and
oriented as a dimyarian, then the angle between
o-a and w (crescence-line) is less than go° and con-
forms to this angle in the extreme dimyarian line.
But in such orientation we unavoidably reverse the
extremities of the oro-anal axis, the anal extremity, a,
appearing on the byssal side, which we know to be
a condition not existing in the lamellibranchs. The
inference therefore, that Lunulicardium has little to
do with the dimyarians, is supported by empirical
observation of a single posterior adductor or a
median approximation and fusion of the two
adductors. Hence, orienting the shell as monomy-
arian, posited between Avicula (Opisthogoniacea)
and Pecten (Symptogoniacea), on the basis of its
muscular and byssal structure, we find that the
critical angle is exact for the position taken. We
take this as excellent confirmatory evidence of the
monomyarian affinity of the genus. In following
the torsion of the shell backward from the adult
condition to the prodissoconch we find that it passes
through the angles necessary to bring it with precision to the condition
of the Protoconchae, and the relations of the axes in the latter also cor-
respond with those of the prodissoconch. I believe therefore that this
larval shell is an actual representative of the Protoconchae condition,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 224
and that the stages of torsion of the Lunulicardium shell in subse-
sequent growth are indicative of its phylogenic stages of progress toward
the monomyarian stock. This conclusion is based wholly on extérnal
characters and the fact of actual observed torsion in the shell from youth
to adulthood. The Protoconchae being theoretically the primitive lamelli-
branch condition, we may never come to know it except in this manifesta-
tion. It is well to add that the supposed position of the pallial line in
this group, just within the hinge, is a feature on which the nature of
our material permits no observation.
As to the systematic position of Lunulicardium it seems to us probable
that its ancestry may be found in the Ambonychias and Byssonychias of the
Lower Siluric; we should be disposed to hold it probable at least that the
shells represent a departure from the aviculoid stock in which the anterior
adductor is lost either by fusion with the posterior or by suppression.
Neumayr was disposed to derive from Lunulicardium the peculiar genus
Conocardium, and Beushausen has contributed a considerable body of facts
supporting this proposition, describing a genus Conocardiopsis, which to
him indicates a passage phase between the two genera. Having stated the
reasons for our inability to conceive of Lunulicardium precisely as construed
by Beushausen, we shall take occasion to remark that the genera which
have been proposed as subdivisions of the old term, viz, Chaenocardiola
Holzapfel and Prochasma Beushausen, seem to lack substantial grounds
for recognition, except in so far as these terms express extremes of develop-
ment in one direction and another. Forms referable to both of these
genera in outline, character of surface, length of lunule, occur in abundance
among our species, but so far as our observation extends, they are all
opisthogyre and all constructed on the same plan.
We note the proposed subdivisions which have been made of this
genus Lunulicardium.
Pinnopsis Hall, 1843. This name was introduced by Hall in the
Geology of New York (report on fourth district), for the species P ornata
and P. acutirostrum from the Portage (Naples) shales of western New
228 _. .. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
York. These are large and strongly plicated shells. Professor Hall
subsequently abandoned this name in favor of Lunulicardium, which he
recognized as congeneric with his species. Theré can be no question that
they are in strict construction congeneric with Miinster’s L. semi-
striatum; and it may be well to remark here that, in the material which
has been before us, every shade of transition in degree of plication is
present from those having it strongly marked, as in the species just cited,
to those in which the surface markings are the finest radial lines, and
further to forms in which the surface is without any trace whatever of
such lines.
Chaenocardiola Holzapfel, 1389. In these shells there is a difference
from others in the great length of the truncating hiatus, the margins of
which in typical expressions extend nearly the full axial hight of the shell,
and cut the basal margin almost in the middle. The beaks are opisthogyre
or twisted backward. Were it not for the fact that every degree of varia-
tion is presented among these shells in the position and length of the
truncating margins, rendering it possible to construct series on the one
hand, truncating in a very short and sharply upturned anterior margin,
and, on the other, in a long straight, nearly axial, truncating margin, as in
typical forms, we should find some basis for recognition of this proposed
genus. Our material however does not justify us in separating the shells
except in extreme cases and in a subgeneric way, from Lunulicardium.
- Prochasma Beushausen, 1895. These are species of smooth or finely
lineate surface and generally with short hiatus. The beaks are regarded
by the author as prosogyre or turned toward the hiatus. Beushausen
specified as the type species Lun. pyriforme Miinster and embraced
within the group elongate mytiliform shells like Lun. miilleri Holz. as
well as broader and stouter species (P. bickense, P. dilatatum),
which have close allies among the New York shells. We have not been
able to substantiate Beushausen’s observations on the direction of the beaks.
Shells of this type of structure, of which many (including specimens from
the Westphalian localities) have been closely studied by us, fail to convince
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 229
us of the presence of prosogyre beaks, but conform in this detail to the rest
of the Lunulicardia of the fauna. In Pterochaenia, hereafter discussed, the
beaks are unquestionably prosogyre, and this structure is accompanied by
other features distinguishing the shells from typical Lunulicardia, princi-
pally the broad and horizontally extended flanges of the lunule. In
Prochasma, however, the hiatus is bounded by vertical sicae. We can
therefore employ the term only with restricted value as a designation for
the smooth or finely lined species of Lunulicardium, bearing in mind
that in respect to this surface ornament there is every gradation to the
conditions represented in Chaenocardiola and Pinnopsis.
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall. 1843
Plate 1, fig. 1-6; plate 4, fig. 10
Pinnopsis acutirostra Hall, Geology of New York; report on the fourth
district. 1843. p. 244, fig. 106, 7
Lunulicardium acutirostrum Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata.
DE Ze keLO7ZOr PsO7 ;
Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, (partim) Paleontology of New York. 1885.
V. 5, pt 1, p. 437, pl. 71, fig. 30-32
Lunulicardium acutirostrum Clarke, United States Geological Survey.
Bulletin 16. 1885. p. 62
In describing some of the Portage fossils, Professor Hall in 1843
designated two species of Pinnopsis, P. acutirostra and P. ornata.
These were believed to differ in the acute form and more abundant
plication of the former, and the much more orbicular form of the latter.
When, however, these fossils were redescribed and illustrated in 1885, the
species were united, the former being regarded as an accidental expression
of the species due to compression or distortion. It was observed that
“The typical [original] specimen of L. acutirostrum has the anterior
and posterior margins abruptly infolded, giving the shell a much narrower
aspect than when in its natural condition. The plications are more slender
than in the prevailing forms referred to L. ornatum, and from the
infolding of the margin those of the posterior end are invisible in the
figure [pl. 71, fig. 30]. The specimen, figure 31, subsequently referred
to the same species, has a greater proportional hight than the prevailing
forms of L. ornatum, the plications are also narrower and with narrower
230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
interspaces. A comparison of these forms with larger collections, showing
numerous intermediate phases, makes it impossible to draw lines of specific
distinction, and it is doubtful if any fixed varietal form exists.”
Notwithstanding this expression, my observation leads to the convic-
tion that this narrow acuminate form of the shell is frequent and persistent
in the abundant collections before me. That it is not a casual expression
is evinced by a number of specimens which are rotund and retain their
normal convexity. The coarser or less abundant plication of the surface
originally given as a character of L. acutirostrum, is not always
persistent, yet in the best preserved specimens the difference in this respect
is noteworthy. ;
Diagnosis. Shells acuminate, apical angle as measured between the
sical edge and the ridge of the posterior slope, 60°. Lateral margins
long; the hiatus extends for nearly two thirds the length of the valve, its
apparent length being often increased by compression; straight or with
a gentle inward curvature. Sicae moderately broad near the apex, rapidly
diminishing in width. From the very short, triangular cardinal area the
posterior margin slopes downward with a very gentle curve. This margin
lies almost vertically beneath the umbonal slope of the valves so that
under compression it is concealed and the straight umbonal slope makes
the apparent posterior margin.
Surface convex. The apex is somewhat incurved, and the convexity
of the valves is greatest near the sical margin. Thence the slope to this
margin is somewhat abrupt, but toward the posterior margin more gradual
to near the edge, whence it becomes almost vertical. Over the pallial
region the convexity is much more regular,
The surface markings consist of continuous, simple, radial plications
separated by relatively narrow interspaces. These plications vary in size
on different parts of the valve; they are largest where shortest, on the
vertical slope to the posterior margin close to the umbones, where they
strongly crenulate the margin and form an accessory to articulation. From
this margin they decrease in size posteriorly, and near the hiatus there is an
area which is free of striation. When normally preserved, these ribs are
7
:
‘
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 231
flat, slightly elevated at their edges, and are crossed by subequidistant, fine,
elevated concentric striae which curve upward on the ribs and downward in
the furrows.". The surface is also crossed at irregular distances by coarser
concentric lines of growth. The number of radial ribs varies from 28 to
45, rarely exceeding 30.
Dimensions. A full grown and normally rotund individual measures
as follows: length 43 mm, hight 50 mm; length of sical margin 30 mm.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is
generally disseminated throughout the Naples shales in Yates, Ontario,
Livingston and Genesee counties. It has been found at various outcrops
in Naples, on Honeoye and Conesus lakes, at Belknap’s gully near Branch-
port, along the Cashaqua creek, and rarely on the Genesee river. It is
quite rare in the sandy layers of the upper beds and is not known as. yet
even in the lower layers of Erie county.
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) ornatum Hall. 1843
Plate 1, fig. 8-14
Pinnopsis ornata Hall, Geology of New York; report on the fourth district.
1843. )p. 244, fig. 106, 108
“Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. pt 2
1870. p. 91
Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, ptr.
P. 437, pl. 71, fig. 25, 29
Pinte adi ueni rom mia enim Clarke sUp so. (Geol, curs Bul: Ton 1885. (ps Or
Diagnosis. Shell often of large size, outline suborbicular or obliquely
subelliptic; beak projecting; apical angle 110°-115°. Posterior or sical
margin straight or slightly incurved, extending to about the middle of the
shell, its actual length being approximately three fifths the length of the
valve.
Surface regularly convex, the line of greatest convexity being toward
the anterior margin; the slope thence posteriorly is gradual, and sometimes
*Just the reverse of their direction as represented in Paleontology of New York,
Vise FS DN Ti yOlly 7p aliens ee)
232 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the surface is slightly concave in this region. On the anterior margin the
slope is abrupt and vertical for a short distance to the hiatus, but the sicae
are comparatively narrow.
Surface markings consisting of radial plications crossed by fine concen-
tric lines; of the same character as in L. acutirostrum. The number
of these plications is usually 47, but may vary from 45 to 55. Those on the
posterior slope are the coarsest and are separated by the widest furrows.
Directly behind the beak and at the side of the triangular cardinal area
the first two or three of the plications are stronger than the rest, their free
edges making processes which interlock on opposite valves.
Dimensions. A full grown example of normal form is 54 mm in hight,
47 mm in length ; the sical margin measuring 36 mm in length. A smaller
specimen which has been subjected to no distortion is 32 mm in hight; 35
mm in length, and the sical margin 23 mm in length.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is
widely distributed and is of more frequent occurrence than its ally, P.
acutirostrum. It is found in the lower shaly beds and rarely in the
higher sandstones of Ontario, Livingston, Genesee, and Wyoming counties.
Occasionally in the upper part of the Havana glen section, Schuyler co. ;
and at Himrods and Branchport, Yates co. It has not been observed in
the lower shales of Erie county.
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 10; plate 4, fig. 1, 2
This form is characterized by subacuminate valves, broadly rounded
and subsemicircular on the pallial margin. Beak nearly in the axial line.
Sical margin oblique, rather longer than one half the hight of the shell,
incurved and slightly arched. Sicae very broad and smooth, usually ver-
tical but extended obliquely or horizontally by compression. Surface of the
shell with from 15 to 25 low, broad, flat topped plications with narrower
intervals. These plications are all simple in the umbonal region, but bifur-
cate rapidly and irregularly over the pallial region, so that in full growth
they present the appearance of great inequality specially if the multiplica-
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 233
tion is confined to certain plications and the rest simply increase in width.
There are very fine concentric striae crossing the plications and occasion-
ally low undulations in the umbonal region.
This is a species of the type of Pinnopsis, but is very unlike the eastern
forms in the irregularity of its plication.
Flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Terry’s ravine,
Forestville, and above the black shales at Fox’s point, Lake Erie. It has
also been found in the Wiscoy shales above the Portage sandstones on
Wiscoy creek, Allegany county.
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov.
Deke =, fe.7
Diagnosts. Shell small, ovate, acuminate, apical angle 40°. Sical
margin arched, oblique, direct, one half the hight of the shell. Marginal
curve of the pallial region-semielliptic, posterior margin broadly rounded.
Surface plicate, the ribs being simple, continuous, strong and rounded,
separated by furrows of equal width. Thirty of these ribs may be counted
at the basal margin. They are crossed by very fine concentric lines.
This shell has in some measure the aspect of a small L. acuti-
rostrum or L. ornatum, but it may be distinguished by having
rounded and more distant plications, and considerably fewer than those
species at a corresponding growth stage.
Flabitat. Genesee province. In the Wiscoy shales above the Portage
sandstones, Wiscoy creek, upper Genesee valley, Allegany county.
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 12, 13
Shell rather small for the plicated species, outline suborbicular, surface
regularly convex, beak slightly posterior, subcentral. Sical margins extend-
ing for nearly one half the hight of the shell and quite straight. The
plications are sharply defined, rounded and separated by concave intervals
equal to them in size; they are simple and continuous, increasing very
slowly and sparsely; they number 38 on the original specimen. These
234 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
plications are crossed by fine concentric lines. Length and hight of
typical specimen, 19 mm.
This species resembles in general aspect, L. ornatum, but the latter
at a hight of 19 mm has from 46 to 50 plications which are flat topped, not
rounded asin L.accola. The subcircular outline of L. accola is also
quite characteristic. The species is based on rather meager material which
represents the only evidence of the true Pinnopsis type found in the
western subprovince, excepting L. wiscoyense from the upper Genesee
valley. kot Gea
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Ravine at
West Falls, Erie co., not far below the horizon of the Portage sandstone.
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 1-6
Shell of medium size, subpyriform in outline with nearly vertical
anterior margin, the sical margin extending for the greatest diameter of
the valves. Beak moderately prominent, incurved at the apex, which is
directed toward the postlateral margin [see description and illustration of
the beak on p. 224]. Beneath the beak lies the triangular cardinal area,
below which are a few coarse, angular, interlocking plications. The
margin has a strongly convex curvature outward from this point to the
lower margin, where it is somewhat transverse. The anterior margin is
straight, passing from the beak to the base axially or just before the axis ;
in contrast to the thin edges elsewhere on the valve, the shell is here
greatly thickened. The sicae are broad, flat and vertical, broadest on
the umbonal region, tapering outward at first abruptly, thence more gently,
and ending somewhat obtusely at the margin. The hiatus is elongate
cordiform.
The surface slopes pretty regularly from the sical margins, there being
a slight concavity sometimes apparent close to the sical margin near the
lower edge of the shell.
The surface sculpture consists of exceedingly fine radial filiform lines
six in the space of 1 mm over the middle of the valve. These are increased
a" es”
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 235
in number by very gradual intercalation, and are covered by numerous
minute, concentric lines which produce a very fine cancelation of the
surface.
A specimen of normal size has a length of 13 mm, a width of 17 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Briggs’s gully,
Honeoye lake; Whetstone gully near Livonia, Livingston co., associated
With Cito lywien ta mea politan a,
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 3-6
Shell of medium size, oval-acuminate in outline, with long, oblique
posterior truncation. Beak slightly projecting; anterior curve subcircular
or broadly elliptic. Length but slightly less than the hight of the shell.
The sical margin is straight and makes an angle at the beak of 45° to the
vertical axis. Its length is from five sixths to nine tenths the hight of the
shell.
Surface covered with exceedingly fine radial lines, which are from 60
to 80 in number, somewhat more than half the number in L. parun-
culus, and always straight, not wavy asin that species. These lines are
coarser on the posterior margin near the beak and there crenulate the
margin. Concentric markings are scarcely visible except as low undulations.
This species approaches in some particulars L. clymeniae and
L. velatum, but is not so extremely truncate posteriorly as the former,
nor are the radial striae cancelated by concentric lines.
Dimensions. Hight and length in normal examples, about 20 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales
at Correll’s point, Lake Erie, and Forestville.
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 11-16
Shell small, subovate triangular, with acute umbones; sical margin
very long, nearly or perhaps quite attaining the axial length of the valves ;
these margins are arched and attain the greatest convexity of the shell.
236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Sculpture casts show moderately broad vertical sicae. Surface with radial
ribs, which are flat, simple, continuous without increase, and are separated
by narrow sulci. The number of these plications is from 20 to 28, and a
considerable number of the anterior of these do not start from the beak
but take origin along the sical margin. Only traces of concentric striae
are present. The hight of a typical specimen is 8.5 mm; length 10 mm.
To this species are referred a number of specimens of quite small
shells, in which there seems to be some variation in the coarseness of
surface plication. One of these is specially peculiar in presenting an
unusual elongation of the antelateral extremity beyond the normal basal
outline of the shell. This is a limestone specimen with natural convexity
and full outline. The same example shows very clearly a relatively very
large anterocentral distinctly elevated (on the cast) single adductor muscle
scar which covers more than one half the diameter of the valve at this
place. Traces of a similar scar are to be seen on a specimen from the
shale. This species differs from.Liiclymeniae, Lo eriense anda,
velatum in its more acuminate outline and coarser plications.
Fflabttat. (Genesee province; Naples subprovince; in the Naples
shales, Parrish gully, Naples; and in the Styliola limestone, Genundewa,
Canandaigua lake.
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 7
Shell subtriangular in outline, beak slightly posterior, sical margin
long and straight, basal margin a low broad curve rounding rather abruptly
backward into a relatively narrow posterior curve. Surface quite depressed,
flattened over the pallial region, covered by radial plications which show a
distinct forward sweep over the surface. The plications are numerous,
distinctly flat topped with flat interspaces, are obsolete in the umbonal
region and seem to be devoid of concentric lines. They are highly
irregular in size specially on the posterior portion of the shells, small ones
rapidly intercalating among the larger and on the anterior slope the large
ones are distinctly split medially by a groove, multiplication taking place
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 237
by this method. This is a very peculiar feature which serves to distinguish
the species.
The original specimen has a length and hight of 17 mm.
Hlabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Forestville,
Chautauqua co.
Lunulicardium velatum sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 7-9
Shell of moderate size, vertically subovate in outline. Sical margin
short, oblique, ‘not extending to the middle of the shell, direct or gently
incurved, making an angle of about 100° with the posterior margin;
posterior margin rounding and closely incurved at the beak, curvature of
the pallial margin subsemielliptic.
Surface gently and evenly convex ; marked by exceedingly fine radial
lines which are separated by sharply incised furrows much narrower than
the lines themselves. The elevated lines are filiform over the earlier
portions of the shell, but become flattened toward the margins. They
increase by very gradual dichotomy so that above the middle of the valves
they are often of unequal size. At about the middle there are 1o of the
lines in the space of 1 mm, but at the lower margin of the valve these have
broadened so that six fill this space. The lines are crossed at very minute
but approximately regular intervals by concentric linear striae and also by
regular concentric lines of growth which multiply toward the margins.
None of the observed specimens of this species have preserved the
outline of the valves in perfection, the character of the ornamentation of
the shell being the feature on which main reliance is for the present placed
as a means of specific distinction.
In the largest specimen the hight of the shell is 18 mm, its length
approximately 23 mm; the length of the sical margin approximately 13 mm.
Other fragments indicate a somewhat smaller size.
fTabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Base of Hatch hill
and Parrish gully, Naples.
238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lunulicardium finitimum sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 17, 18
Shell rather small and narrow. The lateral margins are long, and
approach each other at a small angle, so that the aspect of the valve is
highly acute. The sical margin extends for more than one half the entire
length of the shell, while the anterior edge slopes at very nearly the same
angle as the posterior, with a gentle outward curvature. The apparent
apical angle is about 55°. The basal margin is regularly curved, the curva-
ture being that of the extremity of an ellipse.
Surface gently and regularly convex; abruptly deflected on the sical
margin. The ornamentation consists of very minute, simple rounded or
filiform radial lines, becoming broader and flat. These number over the
body of the valve six to 1 mm; 70 to go over all. They are crossed and
crenulated by exceedingly minute concentric lines. Near and at the lower
margins of the valves the radial ornament is interrupted or extinguished by
the moderately strong concentric striae.
The observed specimens of this rare and well characterized species are
two right valves, the larger having a hight of 23 mm, and its greatest
length, lying at one third the hight from the lower margin, is 14 mm.
‘flabetat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully,
Naples N. Y.
Lunulicardium sodale sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 22
This is a shell having the acuminate form of L. finitimum, but it
shows somewhat greater curvature along the sical margin; still the apical
angle, relative length of the anterior and posterior margins, curvature of
the lower margin, width over the pallial region, and convexity of the valves
are essentially as in the preceding species. The specific distinction is
found in the character of the surface ornament, which consists of radial
plications very much larger than in L. finitimum, continuous and
simple, flattened on top and separated by furrows as wide as the ribs. At
about the middle of the valve there are four of these in the width of 1 mm,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 239
at the margin but one in the same space. The entire surface shows 26
plications. Though these elevated lines are actually continuous throughout
their extent and are not increased in number except on the very early parts
of the shell, they are gracefully sinuous in their course over the valve and
are interrupted at irregular intervals by concentric growth lines, in addition
to which are very fine crenulating lines of ornament. The species is rare,
and the single specimen observed is a left valve measuring 23 mm in hight;
15 mim in greatest length,
Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Base of Hatch hill,
Naples.
Lunulicardium encrinitum sp. nov. -
: z Plate 2, fig.20 | ! aoe
Shell of medium or small size: outline orbicular or subtriangular ;
apex back of the middle line; sical margin slightly incurved and extending
for about two thirds of the antelateral margin. Surface depressed convex,
sloping pretty evenly in all directions, most abruptly to the posterior
margin. Surface markings consist of 35 to 4o fine, somewhat flattened
striae separated by narrow sulci, and crossed by minute concentric striae.
A normal example has a hight of 11 mm, anda length of 10.5 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species has
been observed only in the thin calcareous Melocrinus layer which lies in
the Genesee shales above the horizon of the Styliola limestone. The
exposure of this bed in the Blacksmith gully, Bristol, Ontario co., has
furnished several specimens.
Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov.
eee Plate 2, fig. 23,243 plate, 4, fig. 8.9 - - :
Shell of medium to large size, length and breadth equal. Beaks
posterior of the axial line; lateral marginal slopes diverging at an angle
of 75°. The sical margins are long, extending for a little more than half
way down the shell, their actual length being four fifths the length of the
valve. Their margin is distinctly though: not deeply incurved, the sical
walls narrow, but they are not: greatly-arched, and the -hiatus is conse-
—- + =
240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM .
quently narrow. Antelateral margin prominent, making the valves slightly
aliform at the front angle; basal margin rather evenly curved, somewhat
transverse beneath; the posterior margin regularly and somewhat abruptly
rounded, not expanded.
Surface sloping evenly and regularly toward the commissures, rather
abruptly to the posterior margin and anteriorly to a broad low depression
along the hiatus. The ornamental marking consists of exceedingly fine,
somewhat undulating, filiform radial lines; at the lower margin there are
seven of these in the space of 1 mm and over the middle of the valve nine
lines in the same space. These are interrupted by concentric lines and
may be minutely crenulated by finer lines of growth. Sometimes the
concentric growth completely obscures the radial markings over most of
the pallial region.
Dimensions. A right valve of this species has the following dimen-
sions: hight 18 mm, length 18 mm; length of hiatus 13 mm. A large left
valve measures, hight 30 mm, length 32 mm; length of hiatus 23 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully,
Naples. A specimen from the lower shales on Pike’s creek, Erie co., is
also referred provisionally to the species.
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) bickense Holzapfel
Plate 3, fig. 3-5, 11
Lunulicardium bickense Holzapfel, Die Goniatitenkalke von Adorf ; Paleon-
tographica. 1882. 28: 256, pl. 49, fig. 9
Lunulicardium laeve Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 39, pl. 13,
fig. 5, 6, 8
Prochasma bickense Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. ’p. 277,
pl. 28, fig. 4, 5, 10, 12
This species, which sometimes attains moderately large size, has
an obliquely ovate outline with beak behind the middle line; sical
margin oblique, short, attaining about one half the hight of the valve;
making an apical angle of 30° with the axial line; direct or slightly
incurved and arched. Pallial surface expanded more behind than in front
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 241
of the axial line. Slope quite abrupt to the anterior margin. Surface
smooth with fine concentric lines, but no other ornamentation except one or
two short plications directly behind the beak.
I am unable to detect in the descriptions and illustrations of this
species which have been given by Holzapfel and Beushausen, any differ-
ences from shells occurring in the Naples fauna at and west of the Genesee
river. [he species was first quoted from Martenberg near Adorf, Bicken
(Holzapfel) and other localities; Beushausen adds Oberscheld, all in the
lower Upper Devonic.
It seems probable that these shells are identical with those described
by Williams as above cited, though I have been unable to obtain access to
the original specimens of L. laeve or to examples regarded by the author
as of typical character. Our shells vary notably in size but without change
in essential characters. Lunulicardium laeve was characterized as
of ‘“‘medium size, obliquely oval, with sharp, short beak nearly central, with
byssal gap starting close under the beak on the anterior side and reaching
obliquely about one half the length of the shell, lip reflected in the left
valve and inflected in the right valve, the front broadly rounded and
curving around regularly to near the beak on the posterior margin, upon
which are two or three well defined radiating plications which may be
lateral cardinal teeth. Surface nearly smooth, with concentric lines of
growth and very fine radiate striae.”
The species differs from L. enode in its shorter, less oblique sical
margin, and from L. abseg men in the same respect as well as its smaller
diameter across the pallial region.
If proper allowance be made for the compression to which these shale
specimens have been subjected, it will be difficult to distinguish them from
L. inflatum Holz. (Martenberg).'
Flabrtat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Lower Portage
falls of the Genesee river; Buck run near Mount Morris; Johnson’s falls,
«See Holzapfel, of. c7. 1882. p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 11, and compare his figure with ours
on pl. 3, fig. 3. See also Beushausen, of. ct. p. 377, pl. 28, fig. 6, 7.
242 - =~ = © NEW YORK-STATE MUSEUM
Strykersville; Farnham creek, Lake Erie shore, three miles southwest of
Angola. The originals of the L. laeve are from Varysburg and Warsaw,
Wyoming co.
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov.
Plate 3, fig. 15
Shell of medium size, subcircular over the pallial region, broadly
pointed at the beak, the apical angle being about 45°. Behind the beak
the margin is incurved abruptly, thence rounds outward, downward and
upward in regular subcircular curvature, meeting the sical margin at the
middle of the shell, Sical margin oblique, longer than one half the length
of the shell, slightly arched. Surface depressed and evenly curved, smooth
or with only very obscure concentric striae. No radial markings visible.
This species differs from L. bickense in its broader form, subcir-
cular marginal outline, absence of radial lines and obsolescence of the
plications beneath the beak; L. beushauseni, which it approaches in
outline, has strong subumbonal, posterior plications and fine radial lines
over the shell. In L. enode the sical margin is longer and more oblique.
Flabitat. (Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s point,
Lake Erie.
Lunulicardium absegmen is very closely similar to L. con-
centricum (Martenberg) as described and figured by Holzapfel’ and
Beushausen,’* but has a longer and more oblique sical margin.
_Lunulicardium (Prochasma) enode sp. nov.
Plate’3, fig. 14
Shell small, apical angle about 60°. Anterior margin oblique, straight
and arched, extending five sevenths of the length of the valve. The basal
margin is oblique from the end of the hiatus and rather broadly recurved
posteriorly. The surface is marked only by very fine concentric lines.
This species may be distinguished from L. bickense by its much longer
sical margin.
© Op. cit. %882.~ p: 33, pk 6, fis: 10.
2 Op. cit. 1895. p.. 372, Die 28, Me Er.
|
|
|
EE
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 243
Dimensions of the only specimen found: hight 13 mm, length 9 mm.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the lower
Portage falls of the Genesee river gorge.
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov.
Plate 3, fig. 17-20; plate 4: fig. 34
Cf. Prochasma dilatatum Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895.
p. 376, pl. 28, fig. 8, 9
Shells of rather large size, obliquely ovate, beak nearly central or lying
just behind the axial line. Behind the beak the margin is usually some-
what incurved, and its surface bears one or two short ribs; thence the
curve is abruptly outward, and.a rounded angle of nearly go° is formed-at
the turn to the nearly straight postlateral margin. Over the basal margin
the curve is broad, rising obliquely. to the extremity of the sicae, where it
makes an angle of about 60°... The sical margin is straight, arched, and is a
little longer than one half the hight of the valve.
Surface usually with concentric lines and low wrinkles or festoons.
Exceedingly fine, radial, filiform lines are visible on internal casts and
doubtless pertain to the inner rather than the outer shell layers.
Dimenszons. Hight of an average specimen 29 mm, length 23 mm;
length of sical margin 19 mm. MOnnce et ee oy ee |
Observations. The smaller of Beushausen’s specimens of Pro-
chasma dilatatum approach this shell very closely in all details.
We should be disposed to assign the latter to that species, were it not
for the difference suggested by the larger forms included under that name.
_ Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully and
other outcrops of the shales, Naples N. Y. xs
Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov.
Plate 3, fig. 12, 13; plate 4, fig. 15
Shell below medium size, subcircular in general outline, beak nearly
central or slightiy posterior. Posterior margin incurved beneath the beak,
bending outward in a nearly semicircular curve to the basal margin, which
continues the same curvature but with a broader expansion over the
244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
antelateral region; anterior margin similarly curved, rounding to the sical
margin, which is short (about one half the hight of the shell) and arched.
The angle between it and the posterior margin is obtuse and rounded.
Beneath the beak and just in front of it are three strong and short plica-
tions bending upward to the margin, comparable to the single riblet that
appears in similar position in several other species of the genus. Very
faint radial lines are also visible over the posterior and median parts, and
concentric lines occur on the anterior slope, taking the form of regular
festoons or rings.
This species is well characterized by its form, subumbonal radii, and
the concentric undulations on the anterior slope. All the specimens
observed are from the same locality.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Walnut creek,
Forestville, Chautauqua co. N. Y.
Lunulicardium suppar sp. nov.
Plate 3, fig. 6-10
Shell suborbicular in outline, rotund. Beak central, directed anteriorly.
Umbones full. Length and width equal. Surface highly convex, greatest
elevation being attained near the center, whence the slope is rather gradual
and regular toward the base, but much more abrupt both anteriorly and
posteriorly and more so posteriorly than anteriorly, making a bulged and
sharply deflected surface on the posterior face. The sical margin is short,
oblique and transverse, making a very large angle with the anterior margin
at the beak, not extending for one half the hight of the shell, and incurved
or concave. The sicae are set off from the body of the shell by a sharp
groove, are clearly defined, narrow, extended outward, and not downward
or inward, and do not bear a smooth surface. The angle between the sicae
and the anterior margin of the valve is large and prominent.
The surface of the shell is entirely covered with fine, obscure radial
lines, which become broader toward the periphery. All are flattened, and a
few of those on the anterior slope are larger than the rest, and are sepa-
rated by broader furrows. The sicae also bear similar radial lines. Low
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 245
concentric lines of growth are visible over the surface, specially near the
margins.
This species is readily recognized by its unusual form and contour, and
its striated sicae. x
Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Johnson's
falls, near Strykersville, Wyoming co., and the lower Portage falls of the
Genesee river.
Lunulicardium sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. ar
A small shell of orbicular triangular outline, has a large apical angle,
long sical margin, the latter making about.45° with the vertical axis, the
beak is slightly posterior, the surface quite uniformly convex with an
abrupt turn downward near the periphery and a low broad sulcus just
within the sical edge, which is slightly turned upward. The surface is
covered with very fine concentric lines which traverse the sical groove.
About the margins are evidences of radial plications, but no trace of these
appears over the body of the shell.
Dimensions. The single specimen, a right valve, measures in hight
9 mm, length 10 mm, length of sical margin 9 mm. This shell is quite
unlike any of the other species here described, both in form and character
of surface.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the black Gene-
see shale just above the Genundewa limestone at Seneca point, Canan-
daigua lake, N. Y.
Lunulicardium sp. nov. ?
Plate 2, fig. 19
A species distinct from the foregoing is represented by a single speci-
men whose outline is acuminate subtriangular. The umbo is subcentral
relatively long and narrow, the apical angle approximately 30°. The sical
margin is long and slightly incurved, but does not reach for the full extent
of the valve. The lower margin is nearly semicircular, the anterior margin
incurved. The center of convexity is near the middle of the valve and
toward the sical margin. The surface shows evidences over the pallial
region of coarse plications; there are also a few strong concentric growth
246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
lines. A very small portion of the exterior shows an exceedingly fine,
undulating ornamentation of elevated closely set lines.
The length of this single observed specimen (left valve) is 12 mm; its
width 16 mm.
Flabitat. (Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Styliola limestone,
Canandaigua lake.
Lunulicardium sp. nov. ?
Plate 4, fig. 11
A single fragment of a left valve indicates a large elongate oval
species with rather coarsely but obscurely plicated surface. A fragment of
a much larger shell from Forestville presents similar characters. Neither
of these can be identified with any species here or elsewhere described.
Flabitat. (Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince, Correll’s point.
Lunulicardium ? (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 16
This name is applied to a small shell, undistorted but of peculiar habit
in its elongate transverse outline. From its subcentral beak the anterior
dorsal margin extends in nearly a transverse line for one half the length of
the shell while the posterior dorsal line is more oblique. The anterior
extremity curves narrowly, and the margin below it is broadly sinuated by
a depression from the umbo. The basal margin is transverse, rising
gradually to the narrow posterior extremity. The surface is convex in the
umbonal region, sloping most gradually to the basal margin. A low
ridge lies on the anterior moiety, separated from the anterior edge by
a broad depression. Beneath and in front of the beak, in the place of
the hiatus, is a smooth, elongate triangular and vertical lunular surface
without hiatus, the edge coming down to the plane of commissure. Behind
the beak the margin is incurved and erect.
The ornament consists of fine, sharp, round, simple, elevated radial
lines about 60 in‘number, a little coarser and more widely separated on the
anterior surface, and the intervals between them may vary somewhat over
the shell.
Dimensions. The single left valve observed is 6 mm in length and
2.5 mm in hight.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 247
Observations. This is a unique shell in this congeries. I have
referred it with some hesitation to the genus Opisthocoelus Beushausen,*
which was erected for species having well defined vertical areas in front and
behind the triangular ligament area.* Shells of this genus are chiefly from
the lower Upper Devonice.
fTabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Naples
shales at Ithaca N. Y.
PTEROCHAENIA gen. nov.
Among the shells which heretofore have been referred to the genus
Lunulicardium is a small species with smooth exterior occurring freely in
the Middle and Upper Devonic of New York and originally described by
Hall as an Avicula fragilis3 Under this name have been covered all
the expressions of the species which are known to occur in the Marcellus,
Hamilton, Genesee and Portage shales. These shells have been abun-
dantly illustrated on plate 71 of Paleontology of New Vork, v. 5, pt 1,
and the figures there given (1-14) show excellently both the generic and
specific characters. The relation of these shells to Lunulicardium is not
remote, but there are palpable differences. The valves are, first, extremely
tenuous, being apparently little more than a film of lime which may
be considerably phosphatic. They bear no exterior ornamental mark-
ings save the fine concentric lines of growth; all radial lines lie on the
inner surface of the valves and may be visible by translucence from without.
The beaks are distinctly prosogyre; on the anterior margins and just
in front of the beak is a conspicuous byssal hiatus which may extend for
one half the shell’s length. This is bordered by two flanges, or narrow
explanate processes, which are widest at the beak, rapidly becoming
narrower toward the antelateral margin of the valves. Their surface is
either convex or their outer margins are decidedly elevated and they are
directed not inward nor vertically but outward in the plane of the valves.
Qh, Gi Ws Bee
See figures of the type species O. concentricus Beus., of. cit. pl. 38, fig. 9-11.
3Geol. N. Y. 4th dist. 1843; subsequently referred to Aviculopecten by S. A. Miller
in Cat. Am. Paleozoic Foss. 1877.
248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
At their beginning they are not deeply separated from the beaks, but
from that point downward they are divided from the body of the shell
by a deep and moderately broad sulcus, in the bottom of which lies a
narrow, rounded ridge. The surface of these byssal expansions is striated
parallel to their outer edge by concentric lines continued from the body of
the shell. The anterior projection of the beaks toward the opening
suggests the characters which were ascribed by Beushausen to his genus
Prochasma, which however was based on a very different order of shells.
As to the structure of the hinge, no evidence can be ascertained from
delicate barite replacements except the total absence of articulating
processes. These valves are found not uncommonly in the shales still in
normal apposition along the linear ligamental margin behind the beaks.
This is well shown in several of the figures given herewith. Along this
short posterior line only was attachment of the valves effected.
Species of this type are not wholly unknown in other manifestations of
the Intumescens fauna. Posidonia hians Waldschmidt from Wildun-
gen" is a closely related shell, and we are disposed to regard certain valves
from the black limestones in the Domanik of Timan, described and figured by
Holzapfel’ as possibly of crustacean nature, as unquestionably appertaining
to this genus. Of the three figures given by Holzapfel all show the sicae
extended forward in the plane of the valves and two of these we have
inserted here’ for comparison. They are described as
very tenuous, fragile and depressed convex bodies.
The author has not specifically designated these valves
which now assume special interest from the concur-
Fig. 8 Pterochaenia rence of the genus they represent in widely separated
uchtensis Timan (after
Holzapfel) localities. We therefore suggest the name Ptero-
chaenia wechtensis.
«Waldschmidt, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geolog. Gesellsch. 1885. p. 924, pl. 40, fig. 4;
Frech, Devon. Aviculiden. 1891. p. 72, pl. 14, fig. 13.
2 Die Cephalopoden des Domanik im siidlichen Timan. Memoires du Comité Geolog.
St Petersburg. 1899. v. 12) no.-3, p. 53,-pl. 9, fig. 17—10;
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 249
Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.)
Plate 5, fig. 1-10
Avicula fragilis Hall, Geology of New York; report on the fourth district
1843. p. 222, fig. 94-1, 2
Lunulicardium fragile Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. pt 2.
1870. p. 97
Aviculopecten fragilis S. A. Miller, Catalogue North American Paleozoic
Fossils. 1877. p. 184
Lunulicardium fragile Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1,
Pp. 434, pl. 70, fig. 1-14
Punic md mum ct rae the Clarke, Ws) Geola sur. Bull 162° 1885. 7 62
Lunulicardium fragile HS. Williams, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 38,
pl. 3, fig. 7
This species, which has already been fully described and illustrated by
Professor Hall (1885), has an unusual vertical range without wide variation.
The bituminous shales of the Marcellus division and those of the Genesee
division locally abound in specimens of like character. In the Hamilton
group the species occurs occasionally where the sediment becomes dark,
and in the shales of the Naples division it is among the less common lamel-
libranchs. A specimen in the State Museum collections shows its continued
presence after the introduction of the Chemung fauna. Among all its
appearances throughout its vertical range and its varying aspects, differences
in size are not often accompanied by material or persistent differences in
outline. It is undoubtedly to the fragility and tenuity of the shell that
some of the apparent differences are to be ascribed. Nevertheless, we
observe throughout the history of these shells that the extremes of varia-
tion in outline afford (1) the broadly spatulate or elongate form which is
the normal and most usual expression of the species, and (2) a much more
orbicular or subquadrate shell. The history and relations of these extremes
are somewhat as follows. With the first appearance of the species in the
Marcellus shales the former of these prevails, and the second, or other pas-
sage forms between the two extremes are seldom met. The normal is well
250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
maintained through this early epoch in the existence of the species. In the
shales of the Genesee division, the only time at which the species becomes
highly abundant, the normal extreme is common and the second extreme
also not infrequent. But so common and gradual are the variations in
outline between these extremes that it is hopeless to look here for a
permanent distinction. We except from this statement unusually large
shells with sinuous contour occurring in the Styliola limestone and occa-
sionally in the shales, to which we have hereinafter given the name P.
sinuosa. The original Avicula fragilis of Hall was described
from the Genesee shales. The type specimen has never been redrawn,
and the generic characters of the shell are not well shown in the original
figure; but the form portrayed shows the elongate oval outline of the
normal extreme. We ought, indeed, in dealing with the examples from
this horizon, to restrict the original species name, fragilis, to shells with
strictly this outline, and designate the opposite extreme by some species
designation, but, with the presence of all intermediate phases, the attempt
at distinction would here prove quite futile and confusing. In the Naples
fauna, where the shells are not very common, this distinction is immediately
practicable. Here the two extremes are well expressed, and, so far as our
observation extends, there are none of the intermediate stages. The two
extreme types of outline, both originating in the Marcellus, are here perma-
nently fixed and at once distinguished. In the fauna of the Genesee shales
the normal and restricted P. fragilis is surrounded by its variants, mobile
and unstable. With the passage of time the unstable means disappear,
leaving only the fixed extremes. Theterms P. fragilis and P.fragilis
var. or bicularis, in their application to the expressions of this type as
they occur in the Naples fauna, have therefore a definite significance with
relation to the species and its history. The figures of Lunulicardium
fragile given by Hall [of. cz. pl. 71] are for the most part representa-
tions of the rounder and variant outline. Thus, figures 1, 2, 5-7, all
approach the outline of var. orbicularis; only figures 9g and 11 repre-
4
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 251
sent the more elongate and usual form of the species. All of Hall’s figures
are of specimens from the Genesee shales.’
The surface markings of these shells vary somewhat. Normally the
surface was smooth, marked only by fine, crowded growth lines. Many
specimens show that in the umbonal region the concentric lines were more
regular, sharper, elevated, distant, and distinctly continuous. Under
ordinary preservation, however, this regular character is lost before the
middle of the valve is reached. All the figures in the Paleontology of
New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 71, show a concentric striation exceptionally
regular, and not to be found on the specimens, with the exception of one,
figure 2, taken from a group of shells in the bituminous Genesee shale
near Darien N. Y., in which the fine, sharp, regular striation is maintained
over the entire surface.
I have not seen specimens from other localities in which this feature is
shown, but it appears to characterize all examples from the locality cited.
Radial striae, as we have observed, are not a feature of the exterior. Such
striae are not infrequently seen, but they appertain to the inner shell layers.
The byssal ears have not heretofore been correctly represented. In
specimens from the shales their outer margins are usually broken off,
leaving them narrower in appearance than they actually were. There is no
evident difference in size or shape in the flanges of opposite valves ; on the
contrary, all testimony confirms their equality in this respect, as well as the
equivalvular character of the entire dissoconch.
Dimensions. Average specimens measure approximately as follows:
one from the Marcellus shales is 6 mm in hight and 8 mm in length; its
byssal margin is 5 mm in length. Specimens from the Genesee shales
present about the same size and proportions. An average example from
the olive Naples shales measures, hight 5 mm, length 7 mm, length of
«The large smooth shell, Lunulicardium marcellense Hall, occurring in the
interbedded shales of the Agoniatite limestone (Cherry Valley) suggests Pterochaenia in
aspect, but-the species appertains rather to the smooth Prochasma forms of Lunuli-
cardium, lacking the critical structure of the other genus.
252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
byssal margin 4 mm; a small shell, hight 3.5 mm, length 4.5 mm, length
of byssal margin 2 mm; a large example, hight 8 mm, length ro mm,
length of byssal margin 4 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Widely distrib-
uted. More commonly found in the bituminous shale beds near the base
of the group than in the olive shales and sands. Havana glen, Montour
Falls, Schuyler co., Glenora, Rock Stream, Belknap’s gully near Branchport,
and south of Penn Yan, Yates co.; Parrish gully and elsewhere, Naples;
at various spots in the towns of South Bristol and Bristol, Ontario co.; on
the shores of Canandaigua and Conesus lakes, ete.; in the Cashaqua or
lower shales at Griswold, Genesee co., Eighteen Mile and Pike’s creek,
Erie co. Chautauqua subprovince. Rare on Farnham creek near
Angola, 250 feet above the Cashaqua shales. In the Styliola limestone at
Many outcrops. .
In the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, and the dark shales of the
Genesee common at various localities.
Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.)
var. orbicularis var. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 17, 18; plate s, fig. 11-16
The attenuate, narrow, erect and prosogyre beak is shown in this
variety as in the specific type. The outline is suborbicular, varying to
subquadrate, and the hiatus is relatively short; the byssal margin being
gently incurved. Hight and length equal. Surface asin P. fragilis.
The specimens of this variety in the Naples fauna are usually of small
size, Measuring approximately 5 mm in hight and length. In some locali-
ties twice this size is attained.
FHlabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. At Naples and in
the vicinity; also near Ithaca (Cayuga lake inlet) and in the Ithaca fauna at
Norwich, Chenango co. and in the Genesee shales on Cayuga creek, at Iron
Bridge Mills. The larger form of this variety, like that occurring in the
locality last mentioned, is also found in the dark shales of the Hamilton
group south of Aurora N. Y.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 253
Pterochaenia sinuosa sp. nov.
Plate s, fig. 17-22
Shell comparatively large; beak attenuate, narrow and erect; surface
_ strongly convex or rotund medially, with a broad and low radial sinus near
the anterior margin. Outline suborbicular, varying to obliquely oval ;
regular on the posterior and lower edges but rendered sinuous anteriorly
by the emergence of the sinus. Byssal margin short, very oblique, slightly
incurved and making a large angle with the vertical axis of the shell. The
byssal extensions are very broad, wing-shaped, and convex near the beaks,
narrowing rapidly downward; sical grooves deep and narrow at the bottom,
broad at the top. Exterior smooth, showing only concentric growth lines;
radial lines appear on exfoliated surfaces.
This species is readily distinguished from P. fragilis and its vari-
ants by its large size, sinused surface, undulated outline and highly
developed sicae. An average specimen has a hight of 10 mm, length of
12 mm, and the byssal margin is 6 mm in length.
Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This shell occurs
often in great numbers in the Styliola (Genundewa) limestone on Canan-
daigua lake, and at Middlesex, Yates co. It is also occasionally found in
the Genesee shales, and Professor Hall has represented such a shell from
these shales near Penn Yan N. Y.
Pterochaenia perissa sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 19 ;
This rare species presents the appearance of a P. fragilis nearly
halved by the byssal groove and bearing an extravagant flange. The
byssal groove extends over the greatest diameter of the shell, and the
flange itself is very wide, its width being one third the greatest length of
the shell; it tapers very slowly from the beak outward. The surface of the
valve is concentrically lined; on the flanges these striae become parallel
to its outer edge and are strongly marked. The ridge in the byssal groove
is conspicuous.
*Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 71, fig. 13.
254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dimensions of the only observed example: length to byssal furrow,
3 mm, hight 5 mm, length of byssal margin 5.5 mm, width of flange 1 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully,
Naples.
Pterochaenia elmensis sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 26, 27
Shells large for this genus, elongate, marginal curve suboval over the
pallial region, byssal margin very long, straight, almost attaining the full
hight of the valve. Posterior margin rather abruptly expanding from the
beak out. Byssal flanges narrow, separated from the body of the valve by
a sharp furrow, to which the slope from the body of the valve is abrupt.
Surface smooth, only fine concentric lines being visible, with faint
radial lines sometimes apparent on the inner layers.
Dimensions. Hight 11 mm, length ro mm, length of byssal margin
10.5 mm. .
Observations. This species is the largest representative of the genus
observed, and, while approaching P. fragilis more closely than any
other, may readily be distinguished therefrom by its very long byssal
margin and narrow flanges. This margin however is shorter than in
P. perissa and the flanges narrower.
Flabitat. (Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Big Buffalo
creek, East Elma, Erie co.
Pterochaenia cashaquae sp. nov.
Plate 4, fig. 20-25
This is a very small shell, never even approximating the dimensions of
any other of the shells of this genus here described. It differs from P.
fragilis in having a long, straight oblique byssal margin, not halving
the valve as in P. perissa, but directed toward the antelateral extremity
at an angle of less than 45° with the axis of the shell. The antelateral
- curve is much more broadly rounded than in either of the species men-
tioned. The byssal groove is quite broad and bears no ridge on its bottom;
the byssal flanges are narrow and extroverted. The body of the shell is
— se) —-s.”hCU rr rs—‘=.—
—— ee eer a
a ee
a ea
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 255
narrowly convex in the umbonal region, and from the posterior side of the
umbo a broad depression extends to the margin. Shell thin as in other
species, marked only with concentric striations.
Dimensions. An average specimen has a hight of 4 mm, a length of
3.5 mm, and length of byssus is 3 mm.
Observattons. This shell occurs abundantly in the locality cited, but
has not been observed elsewhere. It seems to take the place, in the succes-
sion here, of the common P. fragilis of more easterly localities.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the lower soft
shales on Cashaqua creek.
HONEOYEA gen. nov.
This name is proposed for a group of small shells showing some affini-
ties with Lunulicardium, but, if we have oriented them correctly, distinct in
Io
Fig.g9 Honeoyea erinacea, Anterior view showing the arch of the valve at the byssal hiatus, the form of the
posterior crescent and the triangular cardinal area.
Fig. ro The same, showing crescent and umbonal ridge with spine bases.
important respects. In these the beak is minute, opisthogyre and inflected
and the umbonal slopes to the commissure are abrupt. On the long,
oblique anterior margin is an hiatus or byssal opening bounded by
arched margins, on which the sicae are but very faintly developed,
being thin, narrow, concave, and eflected, not vertical as in the Lunuli-
cardia. Behind the beak is an oblique, vertical or concave crescentic wall,
set off from the body of the shell by a lunate curve; the edges of this
lunulelike division meet in the plane of commissure with no opening
between. This feature is conspicuous, and its upper bounding ridge is
thickened and crested, in the typical species (H. erinacea) becoming
spinous. This depression extends for the entire length of the postlateral
slope, is nearly as long as the byssal gap, and its surface is crossed by
256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
oblique plications which inosculate at their outer extremities along the
commissure,
The hinge structure of this region shows analogy with that of Lunuli-
cardium in the following respects. There is an erect triangular area wholly
or nearly behind the beak; at its posterior angle is a slightly projecting
process on one valve, which is probably recurved into a depression in the
other. Except for this departure the lower edge of the area is horizontal.
The divergent plications on the posterior crescent contribute to articula-
tion in the same manner as do the few coarse postumbonal ribs in
Lunulicardium.
The surface markings may consist solely of simple ribs (H. simplex),
but in other species the plications are few in number, distant, and each
medially crested with a bladelike, vertical lamella; one or two pairs of
smaller but erect lamellae may occur on the slopes of the major plications.
In some respects this genus resembles Mila Barrande,' but such similarity is
confined to the general form of the shells. Mila bears no hiatus, and no
clearly defined posterior crescent.
The species of this genus are not now positively known outside of the
lower Upper Devonic of New York; but it seems more than probable that
the shells described by Miinster*? as Cardium semialatum, C. pauci-
costatum and C. alternans as well as C. triangulum Goldfs.,3
all from the upper Devonic of Elbersreuth, will prove to be Honeoyeas.
Type, Ho né€oy ea eringeca
Honeoyea erinacea sp. nov.
Plate 6, fig. 15-22
Shell small or of medium size, subtriangular. Beak posterior, crescent
rather short, concave and sharply defined ; sical margin longer, extending
for two thirds the length of the shell.
Anterior slope vertical, posterior slope incurved. Surface sloping
1Cf. M. delicata, Barr. Etage E: Syst. Sil. v. 6, pl. 244, fig. 8.
2 Beitr. 3 zur Petrefaktenkunde. 1840. p. 59, 60, pl. 13, fig. 1, 2, 5.
3Petref. Germaniae, pl. 142, fig. 3.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 257
regularly to the lower margin, more abruptly toward the crescent, and verti-
cally to the posterior hiatus. The surface markings consist of 12 to 15
primary ribs, not including the crescent ridge. These ribs are sharply
angular, and each bears a vertical, bladelike lamella extending along its
middle line. On each lateral slope of the primary ribs is a finer lamella,
and usually two more of similar size may be seen in the furrow intervening
between two ribs. Thus between the crested plications are four fine radial
lamellae, the two outer of which are the coarser and the other two some-
times obscured. The primary crested ribs are continuous and simple; no
example has been observed showing increase in number from the early
parts of the shell outward. The rib bounding the anterior slope is shorter
than the rest, not reaching to the beak; below it are a few of the finer
lamellae. The ridge bounding the crescent is broad and prominent. Its
summit is rounded and gives off a single series of spines, four to six in
number, the upper ones being short, the lower curved somewhat irregularly
outward and backward and the last, the longest, curved downward at the
tip. These spines are hollow and not inclosed on the under side, with the
exception of the terminal spine. They are formed by the upturning of
the contracted edges of the crescent and the body of the shell at periodic
cessations of growth. The surface of the crescent itself is marked with
low, rounded and broad plications alternating in size. These plications are
very oblique, passing from the region of the beak and the ridge backward
at a low angle and crenulating the margin, where, by the interlocking of
these crenulations on opposite valves, articulation is assisted.
These shells are sometimes quite small, the most perfect of our speci-
mens not exceeding a width of 4mm. Larger examples, however, attain a
length and width of 11 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully,
Naples; Briggs’s gully, Honeoye lake; Whetstone gully, Conesus lake ;
Havana glen, Schuyler co. etc.; also in the lower shales at Attica,
Wyoming co., Wolf creek and the lower Portage falls of the Genesee river ;
rare in the Genesee shales, Canandaigua lake.
tH]
258 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Honeoyea major sp. nov.
Plate 6, fig. 10-14
This is a species of larger size than the H. erinacea, and relatively
narrower over the pallial region, the posterior margin being longer and
more oblique. The general aspect and surface markings of the two are the
same, but in H. major the number of primary ribs is limited to nine or
ten. These differences permit the ready distinction of the species.
Honeoyea major is a more abundant shell than H. erinacea,
though we have observed no specimens so well preserved as those of the
latter.
Flabetat. (Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the shales at
Naples and vicinity, rarely in the flagstones of the middle and upper
portions of the group; also in the shales at the lower Portage falls.
Honeoyea styliophila sp. nov.
Plate 6, fig. 4-9
Shell relatively large, suborbicular, beak subcentral, slightly anterior;
posterior crescentic margin short, slightly incurved, nearly transverse and
usually obscure, the inflected surface being quite oblique; anterior margin
longer. Lower margin quite regularly rounded. Valves convex, subro-
tund in the umbonal region, umbones incurved.
Surface with six to eight strong primary ribs, crested medially as in
H. erinacea and H. major’ as im these species also there sare
normally four fine lamellar lines between each two ribs, but in old shells
this character is obscured by the union of the radial lamellae to form a
single strong plication. The crescentic ridge is low and shows no spinous
processes on its surface.
Dimensions. A specimen retaining the normal proportions of the
shell has the following: length 22 mm, width 24 mm, length of crescent
11 mm, length of hiatus 23 mm.
Though the feeble development of the posterior crescent gives this
species a more orbicular outline than is typical in this group, yet its other
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 259
surface characters indicate its affiliation herewith. It is very much the
largest representative of the genus.
Hlabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon
in the Styliola limestone, on the shores of Canandaigua lake.
Honeoyea simplex sp. nov.
Plate 6, fig. 1-3 2
Shell small, subtriangular, basal margin rounded, anterior edge gently
convex, posterior margin concave. Beak situated behind the median line
of the shell, oblique and directed backward. Posterior crescent sharply
defined, concave ; its outer margin makes a broad, somewhat thickened and
elevated ridge, forming the apparent posterior margin of the valve when
viewed from above. The crescent wall is shorter and more oblique than’
the sical margin and strongly incurved. The latter is slightly ecurved and
considerably arched upward, the hiatus extending nearly if not quite the
full length of the antelateral margin. The sical edge is eflected and
smooth, just within it is a low moderately wide groove, and above that the
abrupt curve of the anterior slope of the valve.
Surface sloping rather gradually from above the center of the valve to
the basal margin and to the crescent; anteriorly the slope is abrupt from
the crescent ridge which forms the highest part of the valve. The orna-
mentation consists of simple, continuous, slightly flattened and closely set
plications, about 30 in number. The surface of the crescent is smooth or
finely radiate, as is likewise the surface of the sical furrow; a few plications
extend on to the anterior slope above the furrow.
This species is based on a single, well preserved right valve, whose
length is 5.5 mm, width 5 mm, length of lunule 3 mm, and length of
hiatus 4 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Styliola limestone,
Canadaigua lake.
260 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Honeoyea desmata sp. nov.
Plate 6, fig. 23
In describing hereafter the genus Paraptyx we have observed its close
structural affinity with Honeoyea, notwithstanding a striking difference in
the general external expression of the shells. The genera are alike in the
possession of a ‘“‘crescent” of similar structure and surface characters; but
in Paraptyx the posterior hiatus is very obscure, and the surface of the shell
carries only fine, regular and closely set plications. It is with some hesita-
tion that the species now under consideration is referred to Honeoyea.
It has the suborbicular outline of Paraptyx, the transverse crescent and, if
there was a posterior hiatus, it was short and narrow, our material not per-
mitting the determination of this point. The surface ornament is however
so much like that of Honeoyea that we prefer to leave the species with
this genus, recognizing it as an interesting intermediary form between the
two genera.
Shell of medium size, orbicular in outline, transverse on the cardinal
margin. The crescentic ridge, which is prominent, makes the only inter-
ruption in the regular curvature of the margin. Beak slightly posterior.
Valve a little longer than wide. Surface convex, sloping evenly with a
slight depression outside of the crescentic ridge. Anterior slope short and
abrupt; hiatus if present very short and narrow. Surface ornament
consists of 17 primary ribs, which are rather narrow and widely separated.
Though these ribs appear to be somewhat flattened, each was crested by a
very fine, erect lamella, which near the lower margin on some of the ribs
seems to have become double. The broad and flat interspaces bear four
fine, elevated striae, two on the slopes of the primary ribs and the median
two much closer together, sometimes apparently coalescing. Near the
crescent the numerical regularity of the striation becomes slightly modified.
The concave surface of the crescent is obliquely plicated. But a single
example of this species has been observed, a left valve, slightly imperfect
about the beak.
To a eee ree
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 261
Dimensions. This specimen has a length of 15 mm, and a width of
18 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the sandy
layers in the upper part of the group; Tannery gully, Naples. A shell
which may prove to be this species occurs in the Chautauqua subprovince
in the higher beds at Varysburg, Wyoming co.
PARAPTYX gen. nov.
With this name it is proposed to designate shells showing an inter-
esting departure from Honeoyea and yet withal closely allied to that genus
and connected therewith by the species Honeoyea desmata. The
type species of Paraptyx (P. ontario) is of considerable size, much larger
than is attained by Honeoyea, and its surface markings are the fine,
d
radial, simple or compound plications of the ‘“Cardiolas” rather than
Fig. 11 Paraptyx ontario, Posterodorsal margin or
crescent viewed from within
the crested ribs of Honeoyea. When oriented to correspond with that
genus, we find that the beaks are opisthogyre, and that there is a sharply
defined posterior “crescent” with vertical or slightly incurved face and
elevated ridge; the surface of this crescent bears a few strong plications,
interlocking at their ends on opposite valves. The crescent is almost trans-
verse or on the plane of the hinge and is relatively short. Its outer
extremity, unlike that of Honeoyea, is eflected. On the interior the cres-
cent and ridge make a deep sinus, as if for the passage of some siphon, but
for want of an analogy we can not venture an opinion of its function.
Conceding this crescent to be posterior and the beaks directed backward,
the anterior margins of the shell were very slightly if at all opened. Our
material bearing on this point is not very extensive but indicates close
apposition along these margins. Beneath and in front of the beak the
cardinal line is smooth, without ligament area.
262 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Paraptyx ontario sp. nov.
Plate 7, fig. 1-8
Shell of medium size, beak subcentral or slightly posterior, closely
appressed against the hinge line, umbones prominent, directed posteriorly,
giving the umbonal region a somewhat oblique slope. Outline elongate
subovate to subcircular. Hinge line or crescent margin straight or
slightly incurved behind the beak, extending to the farthest posterior
margin, and making a right or acute angle with that margin; ante-
riorly short, and soon passing into the rounded lateral curve of the
valves. Lateral and ventral curves ‘broadly subcircular. Contour
normally rotund, specially in the umbonal region, sloping regularly to the
lateral and basal margins. The vertical, concave crescentic area is broad,
crested at its summit, and crossed by obliquely radiating riblets which
begin directly under the beak. The first of these radiate in all directions
from that point posteriorly, inward and anteriorly, and strongly crenulate
the margin. This is specially true of the shortest and least oblique of these
radii. The more oblique radii cover the greater portion of the surface.
The crest or crescent ridge is greatly elevated, its surface being modified
by undulations resulting from concentric lines, which elsewhere are
obscurely seen. This structure may be compared with that of the crested
anterior limb in Honeoyea, where the strong varices are developed at the
crossing of concentric lines not elsewhere visible on the shell. The surface
bears from 120 to 150 fine, flat plications, which increase by the intercala-
tion of smaller ones and are separated by linear grooves. These all have
a strong posterior curve over the median convexity of the shell. This
surficial ornament is altogether similar to that in Cardiola clarkei
Beush. with which the shells also agree in all other respects save the
presence of the cresent and the more oval outline. Low concentric corru-
gations are sometimes seen; these being in some degree due to compres-
sion in the shales. In several of the sculpture casts there are evidences
of two or three short, impressed lines diverging from the beak. These
would seem in such cases to represent internal umbonal ridges, but they
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 263
are not always present, nor can they be seen on interiors of the most
delicately replaced valves.
fTabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Naples
shales at Naples and vicinity. It is not a very common species.
actinopTeRIA Hall. 1883
Actinopteria sola sp. nov.
Plate x2, fig. 20
Shells small, suberect ; subrhomboidal in outline, hinge line straight,
extending to but not beyond the posterior extremity of the valve. Wing
moderately broad, set off from the body of the valve by a rather low depres-
sion and not extending backward beyond the posterior margin of the valve.
Auricle conspicuous, convex in the middle, depressed near the cardinal line
and bounded below by a broad sulcus. Beak at the anterior one third of
the hinge. Anterior extremity rounded abruptly, outline emarginate at
the byssal groove, thence descending at first directly and then more
obliquely to near the posterior extremity, to which it curves upward and
beyond it inward to the base of the wing. Umbo convex, overarching the
hinge; surface sloping thence gradually to the basal line and more abruptly
in front and behind.
Surface bearing sharply elevated rounded radii, which are simple in the
umbonal region and are about 20 in number. At the margin they have
increased by intercalation to double this number and cover both auricle
and wing, though simple on both these.
Dimensions. Length 5 mm; hight 4 mm.
Ffabzttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the soft shaies
on Cashaqua creek.
Observations. The single left valve of this species is the only
observed instance of the occurrence of this genus in the Naples shales and
the diminutive shell looks much like an interloper from the contemporary
Ithaca province of the central New York sea. That fauna is specially
characterized by the diversity of expressions of Actinopteria, all specifically
based on the type of the ancestral A. boydi of the fauna preceding this
264 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
on the field (Hamilton). A. boydi, by loss of race force, breaks up at
the close of Hamilton time into a number of diminutive and shortlived
survivors (A. perstrialis, delta, epsilon, eta, etc.), and to this
highly variant superstitial group this shell, A. sola, seems to appertain.
It seems out of place, out of harmony with its usual surroundings in asso-
ciation with Pterochaéenita cashaquae Ontartowaccumes
Probeloceras lutheri, etc, and has evidently strayed far.
LeptopesmMA Hall. 1883
Leptodesma sp. cf. rogersi Hall
Specimens of this genus have been occasionally found in the darker
shales of the lower part of the Naples beds, and these have somewhat the
expression of L. rogersi of the Ithaca fauna. The material however is
not sufficient to justify more precise determination.
Flabctat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully,
Naples.
postponta Bronn. 1828
There is a small group of diminutive, thin shelled Devonic and even
Siluric shells clearly showing aviculoid characters in the development of
the byssal groove and auricle, which are still allowed to pass current under
the name Posidonia. The term is, in view of its original application to a
Culm species of subcircular form, undeveloped ear and wing and consider-
able size, probably inexact in this connection, but it is convenient for con-
tinued provisional employment till the distinctive features of the shells
have been more fully analyzed. In European faunas such shells have
long been noticed in Precarbonic rocks: P. glabra (Minst.) Barr.,
4
Etage E, P. hians Waldschmidt of the Middle and Lower Devonic,
P.venusta Miinster, Upper Devonic. Frech has redescribed and illus-
trated these species with a number of others employing the term as a con-
venience and incidentally suggesting the uselessness of replacing the name
Posidonia for the substitutes proposed for it on account of prior occupancy.
*Die devonischen Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p. 68 et seq., pl. 14.
Svea ee
Teel
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 265
Of the three shells mentioned, it is quite clear that one (P. hians,
originally described as Avicula hians’) has as little relation to the
other species as they all have to the type, Posidonia becheri.
P. hians, an upper Middle and lower Upper Devonic’shell, is of the size
of Pterochaenia, with the outline, thin shell, smooth concentric surface of
that genus, and also has elongated byssal flanges which are relatively broad
at the top, convex and gaping. The posterior cardinal end is rounded.
Williams has described as Pterinopecten? atticus from the Naples
shales of Wyoming county a species which suggests Posidonia hians
and hence the genus Pterochaenia in many of its features, but its sculpture
is of so unusual character that it seems judicious to apply to it the same
noncommittal generic designation that has been used for somewhat similar
fossils, for it is evident that the shell does not appertain to Pterinopecten.
Posidonia attica Williams (sp.)
Plate x2, fig. ro-15
PEETIMODSCHEMe Brirveus Wallienns, Why Sy XCcolk Sikes shells ies sts nomena
Dias) IS. LO,) 1 T
Shells small, equivalve, very thin, subquadrate in outline when undis-
torted. Beaks minute, prosogyre, anterior, separated from the byssal flange
or auricle by a groove which is sometimes well defined and sometimes
obscure. Margin of flange convex on cardinal line, incurved and arched on
anterior margin, fusing with the body of the shell above the basal margin,
which is transverse. Posteriorly the margin is rather abruptly rounded to
the cardinal line, at which the angle may be more or less sharp. Beak
acute, umbo convex, long and oblique; slopes in front and behind moder-
ately abrupt. The surface of the beaks is smooth, but, soon after secondary
growth begins a series of fine ribs develops over the median portion of the
valve and increases in size and number to the basal margin. These ribs do
not extend over either the anterior or posterior parts of the valve, which
are quite smooth, but are restricted to the median portions. They are
*Waldschmidt. Zeitschr. der deutsch. geolog. Gesellsch. 1885. p. 924, pl. 40, fig. 4.
266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
for the most part simple but of very unequal size, and are separated by
sharp grooves. Low concentric ridges cross the surface without modifying
these radii. This style of ornament is most unusual in all aviculoid shells,
and we do not find its parallel elsewhere. This species is therefore readily
distinguished, however much it may have been subjected to disfigurement.
Dimensions. Average examples measure 4.4 and 6mm in hight; 3.8
and 6 mm in length.
Ffabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. We have found
this shell only at two localities east of the Genesee river; Pogues hill,
Dansville, where it occurs in some abundance, and near Union Corners,
Livingston co. Chautauqua subprovince: Williams’s specimens were
obtained from the shales about Attica, Genesee co. It also occurs at
Fox’s point, Lake Erie, and Big Sister creek, Angola.
Note. While discussing shells of this character, attention may be
directed to a species occurring occasionally in the bituminous Marcellus
shales, which is so closely similar to Pteroch. fragilis that it is readily
and has been confounded with it. This resemblance is remarkable;
the shells are of about the same dimensions and shape, both have tenuous,
glabrous shells, essentially the same contour and rounded postcardinal
margin. The difference between them lies in the development in Ptero-
chaenia of a deep byssal furrow, broad extended byssal flanges with a wide
hiatus between them. In the Marcellus species, which, for sake of a name,
we may designate as Posidonia marcellensis, the
byssal flange maintains its aviculoid character as a long
auricle of the dimension of the Pterochaenia flange,
delimited by a very low depression from the body of the
shell. It would be very difficult to find specific features,
so far as they can be ascertained by comparison with the
figures and descriptions given by Frech,’ in which this
shell differs from Posidonia hians Waldschmidt,
ESS ye ones unless perhaps in the latter the auricle is more sharply
vave.x3. defined. Such shells serve to indicate the relationship of
Pterochaenia to the aviculoids. Posidonia marcel-
lensis occurs in the lower black shale beds at Marcellus, Onondaga co.
2 OP ED. 72, pla Tay nee ese
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 267
Posidonia mesacostalis Williams (sp.)
Plate z2, fig. 1-9
PEE ODLerial MESAZCOStAIIGC \Wallhienme, We Go Geol, Sie Weal, fi ney
D354 Dlg, ug. g and (?) var fig’ 12
To bring this shell into comparison with species which have been
termed Posidonia, I have employed this name in preference to Ptychopteria.
Like the preceding species, it may have little in common with typical
Posidonia, perhaps as little with Ptychopteria, while one could find a justifi-
cation for assigning a shell with the peculiar expression of this to the genus
Leptodesma. The species, however, was another of the tenuous and
glabrous shells with little calcareous content in its constitution, and herein
differs from the Leptodesmas so abundant in the higher Devonic.
Of 20 specimens of this shell before us, but few are right valves. The
original figures were of left valves only.
Equivalve very oblique, linguate. Hinge line short and straight,
cardinal angles not extended. Beak at or behind the anterior third of the
hinge, anterior cardinal angle 90°, anterior margin vertical for a short
distance, thence bending abruptly backward with a broad inward curve,
basal margin subelliptic and almost wholly beyond the vertical dropped
from the posterior angle of the hinge line. Posterior margin subparallel to
the anterior, posterior cardinal angle obtuse. Beak projecting beyond the
hinge line. Umbo moderately convex, the convexity extending obliquely
backward. Surface marked by strong concentric festoons or undulations,
which are most widely separated along the median convexity of the shell.
In most of the best preserved specimens this is the chief character of the
surface, but some specimens show a fine radial marking of filiform, elevated
striae, which seem in part to pertain to the inner shell layer. These lines
are equally distributed over the surface and are not to be compared with the
median plications on P.attica. Both valves of the shell have the same
form and surface characters.
Dimensions of a large individual: length of hinge 6 mm; total
oblique length 11 mm, hight 9 mm.
268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Fflabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales at Varysburg (west side ravine) and common at Johnson’s falls near
Strykersville, Wyoming co., Correll’s point, Lake Erie, and at the Hidi
tannery, Gowanda.
Observations. Vhe oblique, Leptodesmalike form of this peculiar
species suggests the elongate variety-of Posidonia venusta Miinster
which Frech has termed eifeliensis’ from the uppermost Devonic near
Biidesheim. Both are essentially smooth shells, highly oblique with short
hinge and sharp cardinal angles. Frech mentions a very fine radial
lineation in his shells.
Posidonia venusta Miinster, var. nitidula sp. nov.
Plate r2, fig. 16-19
cf. Posidonomya? venusta Miinster, Beitr. zur. Petrefakten-Kunde. 1840, 3:51, pl. Io, fig. 12
Shells small, equivalve. Ligament line straight, length four fifths the
greatest length of the valve. Beak at anterior third of cardinal line; car-
dinal extremities subangular, not extended. Outline of periphery obliquely
ovate, expanded behind, contracting toward the hinge angles both front
and back. Surface convex; at the umbones the convexity extends obliquely
backward to the posterior extremity. In front of this convexity is a low
oblique depression, which gives a sinuous character to both surface and
basal margin. Posterior slope from umbonal ridge broadly depressed.
The ornament consists of a few broad concentric corrugations with no
radial lines visible.
Dimensions. An average specimen has a hight and a length of 9 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. (Hidi tannery), and Correll’s point,
Lake Erie.
Observations. This quite well defined little shell is in general expres-
sions so like the Posidonia venusta Miinster which is distributed
through the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonic of Germany that I believe
t Op, cit. p. 76, pl. 14, fig. 14.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 269
it should be regarded a varietal form of that species, specially distinguished
by its corrugated surface. One of the specimens figured on plate 12 shows
in the character of its sculpture still closer approach to P. venusta. For
comparison with the characters of the latter species reference is made to
the figures given by Miinster and Frech.’
xocnra Frech. 1891
The shells of Kochia* have the aspect of capulid gastropods, the left
valve being strongly convex, with arched and incurved beak twisted back-
ward, while the right valve is flat, depressed or concave, when the valves
are found conjoined appearing like an operculum to the larger valve. The
wings are small and suppressed ; the ligament area clearly striated, elevated,
short and concave; teeth are wholly wanting; and the whole expression of
the shell is very unlike that of other Aviculidae, though from these shells
the genus may be regarded as derived. They were early noticed in the
rhenish Devonic and were referred to the Capulidae (Naticopsis) by
Roemer, but their proper place was recognized by Gosselet, Kayser and
others, the late C. Koch introducing for them the generic term Roemeria (a
preoccupied name) and Sandberger proposing to call them Onychia, reject-
ing the name Roemeria because of its employment among the fossil plants.
The leading species of this genus, Kochia capuliformis Koch, is
widespread in the lowest horizons of the Lower Devonic (Taunus quartzite
and Siegen greywack).
We have found a single well characterized species of this genus in the
Portage fauna, less extreme than K. capuliformis in the elevation and
incurvature of the larger valve and thus far showing no evidence of the
cardinal area. In some respects these bodies suggest the cardioid species
with large larval shells referred to by Barrande under the name Slava
(Etage E) and which Frech and Beushausen term Tiaraconcha (T.
scalariformis Beush. Martenberg, Oberscheld; T. rugosa ‘Kayser,
SOPs CLE MplatAy Mion ebs Nvmibe
2Frech. Die devonischen Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p. 72.
270 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Enkeberg). These toque-shaped shells are however subequivalve, and,
while they are arched and mitriform and concentrically rugose like the
New York species, the latter is thus far chiefly represented in our collec-
tions by specimens of the left or arched valve only. Such right valves as
may be looked on as appertaining to these are depressed convex or flat.
i Kochia ungula sp. nov.
Plate 13, fig. 1-7
These shells are valves with highly overarched umbo, narrow, produced
and incurved beak and relatively short body with wing and ear suppressed.
Shells of this character but of widely different size occur in the shales of
the Chautauqua subprovince. They may be more precisely described as
follows. Marginal outline subcircular or subrhomboidal. Anterior margin
inflected beneath the beak, making a rounded angle of less than go® with
the basal margin; the latter transverse. Postbasal angle 90°. Posterior
| margin direct, postcardinal oblique and moderately long. Contour capuli-
I form; umbo produced beyond the hinge line, strongly arched downward
and beak incurved and recurved. Over the main body of the valve the
| 3 umbo is delimited by abrupt lateral slopes on both sides. The posterior
| slope is broader and gently concave, the anterior is directed inward from
edge of the umbonal slope. Surface over the umbonal region and all the
early parts of the shell with broad obscure concentric wrinkles. The mark-
ings become finer about the margin where these wrinkles are obsolescent.
Of 10 specimens of this species observed, the majority are of small size, and
nearly all are left valves.
The specimens regarded as right valves of this species are somewhat
| obliquely subrhomboidal in outline with beak in front of the middle. The
| umbonal region is gently convex, and the surface over the pallial region,
in front, behind and below is broadly depressed and gently concave about
the basal margin. Length and width nearly equal. Surface covered with
| concentric striae, which may take on the form of low plications.
Observations. Kochia capuliformis Koch is the only other
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 BM
species now referred to this genus. This is an early Devonic shell, and the
generic type is a belated comer in the New York sea.
Flabttat. Genesee province;) Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s
point, Lake Erie shore near Brocton and at Smith’s Mills, Chautauqua co.
Ltoxorterta Frech. 1891
In Loxopteria, proposed as a subordinate division of the genus Kochia,’
there is a marked difference from K.capuliformis and K.ungula
in the expression of the exterior, the larger valve being less conspicuously
elevated and arched and abruptly deflected on the posterior slope, with the
wing on this side clearly defined and standing almost at right angles to the
shell body. The smaller or right valve is depressed convex, operculum or
oyster-shaped, with a broad median depression extending radially back-
ward from the beak, leaving a low and broad radial elevation in front and
where elevated, explanate expansions behind. The posterior moiety of the -
valve is bent upward toward the hinge line and thus forms a posterior wing
of notable size. Three species of this peculiar shell are known in the
German Devonic, all from high horizons in the formation. Loxopteria
dispar Frech (Avicula dispar Sandberger) occurs freely in the
higher Upper Devonic and the Clymenienkalk.* The two other species,
L.laevis and L.rugosa, have been described by Frech (0. cz#.) the
former from the Clymenienkalk of Wildungen and the latter from the
Upper Devonic of Beilstein. It is thus of noteworthy interest that the New
York Intumescens fauna furnishes species evidently identical with some of
these German shells and these too in considerable abundance in the
Chautauqua subprovince. The evidence of the close relation of these shells
to the Aviculidae, as inferred by Frech and the other German authors, is
not altogether clear to us, except it be stated in this broad fashion: Kochia
*Frech. OB. cit. p. 76.
See Sandberger. Versteinerungen des rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. 1852.
pl 29, fig. 14; Frech. of: cz. 189%. p. 77, pl. 6, fig. 4-4h; Drevermann. Die Fauna der
Oberdevonischen Tuffbreccie von Langenaubach bei Haiger. tgor. p. 146, pl. 16,
fig. 1.
272 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
(certainly an extreme development of the series of forms) has a broad sub-
cardinal area, which Frech compares with the ligamental surface in
Limoptera. There is further an aviculoid aspect apparent in the smaller
valve, and also, by bringing into comparison with this bizarre shell certain
Triassic genera of similar aspect, Hoernesia and Cassianella, the modified
Avicula form is emphasized. It loses itself in Loxopteria by the disap-
pearance of all trace of ligament area and wing (except on the right valve),
and yet a certain resemblance to Kochia in form and the relations of
the valves is evident. The extreme in this suppression of characters is
attained in the forms we have referred subgenerically to Sluzka, and yet
their immediate affiliation with typical expressions of Loxopteria is clear.
Loxopteria dispar Sandberger (sp.)
Plate 13, fig. 8-17
Avicula dispar Sandberger, Versteinerungen des rhein. Schichtensyst. in
Nassau, p. 284, pl. 29, fig. 14
Avicula dispar Kayser, Studien aus dem Geb. d. rhein. Devon, 4; Zeitschr. der
deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1893. p. 636
Kochia (Loxopteria) dispar Frech, Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands ;
Abhandl. z. geolog. Specialkarte Preuss. u. d. Thiir. St. 1891. v. 9, Heft 3,
p. 77, pl. 6, fig. 4-4h.
Shell subtriangular in general outline. Valves highly unequal in form
and contour. Left valve subtrihedral, umbo convex, beak incurved and
anterior. Posterior outline abruptly sloping to the ventral margin.
Anterior margin incurved beneath the beak, expanding somewhat to the
broad anteroventral curvature. Ventral margin transverse or curving with
.a broad inward undulation to the posterior ridge. Slope of the surface
from the posterior or umbonal ridge sharply incurved to the periphery with
no trace of wing. Anterior slope broad and faintly depressed beyond the
body of the shell. Surface with a few broad radial ribs or undulations of
variable number and size. These are all usually sharply defined at the
umbo, are three or four in number and broaden out over the body, becoming
obscure or obsolete about the margin. There is much variation in the
at ie i |
— Sa ee”
‘ NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 273
development of these ribs in different individuals; in some they are obscure
except at the beak, in others clearly defined over the entire surface. The
posterior rib is much broader than the rest and takes in the umbonal ridge.
Besides these surface characters there are the following: very fine radial
lines of subequal size cover the entire surface, and these are crossed by
equally fine concentric lines. The latter make a broad upward turn along
the postventral edge where passing over the umbonal ridge. On the
cardinal margin there is a short subtriangular area directly beneath the
beak, which is not clearly set off from a semicircular emargination (lunule ?)
in front. This emargination extends halfway from the beak to anterior
extremity, and beyond its outer end the hinge line is straight. No ear is
present. Posteriorly the subcardinal area passes into a broader concave
depression, which is crossed by two oblique ridges, the surface between
being depressed. No evidence is present of ligamental pit or striation, and
there is no posterior wing.
No specimens of this species retain the valves in conjunction; but,
from analogy with the German specimens, we feel secure in referring to
it detached right valves having the following characters. Subelliptic,
depressed, gently convex over the anterior portion, depressed postmedially,
narrowly and often acutely elevated posteriorly. Beak one third the width
of the shell from the anterior margin ; umbo projecting beyond the cardinal
line, but depressed. The postmedian depression or sinus is oblique,
usually very broad, sometimes more sharply impressed, setting off the
posterior expansion with the aspect of a wing. ‘The latter, on account of
its marginal elevation, must have bounded a wide posterior siphonal open-
ing, which had a more extensive cover on this than on the left valve. No
trace of hinge structures. Surface with obscure traces of broad radial ribs
on the convex body and finer radial lines specially marked on the posterior
parts. Fine concentric lines are also present.
The shell substance of the species is very thin, and none of the
specimens bear indication of musculature.
Observations. This species is perhaps the commonest of the represen-
274 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
tatives of the genus, but its aviculoid characters are not altogether clear.
There is a certain pterineoid aspect in the right valve due to the develop-
ment of a posterior flange, but this seems to us hardly homologous with the
wing of the Aviculidae, as it is a broad flaring arched surface bounding a
wide open posterior aperture, extending from beak to margin. Here, how-
ever, analogy is imperfect, as ‘t is evident that there was no corresponding
surface on the left valve. This condition seems to be displayed by some of
the figures given by Frech of pyrite casts of conjoined valves from Nehden.'
Flabctat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
arenaceous shales at Forestville, Chautauqua co., and Gowanda, Cattaraugus
co. In the German Devonic the species is restricted to the higher marine
Upper Devonic at Oberscheld, in the Clymenia limestone of the Enkeberg
and in the shales with Goniatites curvispina at Nehden.
Loxopteria laevis Frech
Plate 14, fig. 1-7
Kochia (Loxopteria) laevis Frech, Die Devonischen Aviculiden Deutsch-
lands; Abhandl. z. geolog. Specialkarte Preuss. u. d. Thiir. St. 1891. v. 9, Heft 3,
p. 76, pl. 6, fig. 3-ze
Shell subtriangular, general surface depressed. Left valve with much
the same outline as L. dispar, less convex in the umbonal region. Poste-
rior margin or umbonal ridge with gentle outward curve specially in the
umbonal region. Anterior margin at first incurved beneath the beak then
bending outward and rounding to the base, which is transverse, with a broad
sinuous upward bend toward the first lateral angle. The right valve differs
from that of L. dispar in the notable depression of the beak and umbo.
The larval shell itself is concave, and the umbonal area all about it is
depressed and curved downward toward the hinge, and this depressed area
extends obliquely backward, covering the greater portion of the valve.
It is bounded in front by a low convex area with an abrupt marginal
slope, incurved toward the beak, and behind it curves upward to a pretty
* Op. cit. pl. 6, fig. 4, 4a.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 275
sharp elevated ridge running from umbo to margin, narrow on top and
bending over to form a very narrow wing. Surface of both valves covered
with fine.concentric striae ; no radial markings visible.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Not uncom-
mon in the soft sandy shales at Forestville, Chautauqua co., and Gowanda,
Cattaraugus co.
Observations. This shell expresses the generic characters with some
variation from the genotype L. dispar, seen specially in the contour of
the right valve. These differences, however, are not great. In referring
these shells to the German species, | am expressing what seems to be their
closest affiliation. Frech’s description is very brief, but a study of his
figures fails to disclose any real difference from the New York shells,
unless in the contour of the smaller valve there be a distinction which
is here insufficiently emphasized. If our species eventually proves dis-
similar from L. laevis, the difference will doubtless be recognized in
time with a new denomination, but in the meantime the present designation
serves most truly to indicate its real affinities Loxopteria laevis
has been found in the German Devonic only in the Clymenienkalk of
Wildungen.
Loxopteria vasta sp. nov.
Plate 13, fig. 18
Associated with L. laevis is a large right valve, the largest of all
specimens observed, which differs from the valves referred to the other
species of the genus here present in the following particulars. The broad
expanded surface is very deeply depressed at the umbo, and the beak is
bent strongly downward at the hinge. This depression widens outward,
leaving in front a low, flat anterior division with a very narrow abrupt slope
on the margin. Back of this broad depression the surface is elevated to a
narrow ridgelike wing similar in character to that of L. laevis, but not
so abruptly raised. The postlateral surface is thus broadly concave. The
surface markings consist of a series of concentric wrinkles which become
finer and crowded toward the margin. This valve evidently indicates a
276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
species with which we are not otherwise acquainted. It measures in length
28 mm and in hight 23 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Forestville.
Loxopteria (Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov.
Plate x4, fig. 8-17
Shells subcircular or irregularly subrhomboidal in outline, broader over
the body, sometimes the greater diameter transverse, sometimes vertical.
The prodissoconch is very prominent with the apex directed strongly for-
ward, Its position is subcentral, but, on account of the varying outline
of the shells, lies now in front and now behind the middle. <A vertical line
dropped from beak to base divides the shell into unequal parts, of which
the larger is the anterior. Behind the beak the margin is straight for a
very short distance (hinge), then bends more or less abruptly downward to
a broadly reunded ventrolateral curve. The base may be transverse or
curved and the anterior margin is a shorter curve than the posterior. The
anterior moiety of the shell is more extended and narrower than the pos-
terior. Surface pretty evenly convex with a narrow abrupt slope on the
postcardinal margin. Surface markings irregular concentric growth lines
and wrinkles.
Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. From Wal-
nut creek at Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie.
Observations. This description is derived from shells which seem to
be all left valves. There is no wide departure in their general aspect from
that of Loxopteria dispar and L. laévis, but, in the abseace or
the triangular form, broader posterior expansion, narrow anterior moiety
and almost direct anterior margin, are found differentials which seem to
justify a separation of the species in a subgeneric way from Loxopteria.
The same differences are present in L. corrugata, which belongs in this
association rather than with the typical representatives of that genus. We
have therefore proposed to designate these two species by the subgeneric
term above used.
Such shells as these are to be found among the various species referred
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 277
by Barrande to his genus Sluzka. Some of these shells, e. gS. arachne,*
show traces on the internal cast of the hinge line which suggest that they
were taxodonts. Barrande, however, regarded the hinge as devoid of
teeth. It is however observable that the majority of these shells, repre-
sentative of which we may citeS. amy gdalina [pl. 358] from Etage G,
are of very primitive aspect and subcircular outline, with concentrically
striated or irregularly rugose surface, having prominent larval shells pro-
jecting at the apexes and also likewise devoid of evidence of hinge modifica-
tions. Similar characters, too, are seen in some of the species referred by
Barrande to his genus Vevoda, as for example V. expectans [Barr.
pl. 13], in which the large size of the prodissoconch is specially notable.
Some of the more regular suborbicular shells of this kind suggest the genus
Paracyclas Hall; and Neumayr has put under the latter both Vevoda and
_the Paracyclas and Isocardia of Barrande. It is however clearly evident
that the shells we have now to consider are not species of Paracyclas, for
the normal forms of that genus from the Hamilton fauna have a very
distinct aspect in the character of the surface markings, the regularity
of outline and absence of the general primitive expression of these later
shells. To employ Barrande’s term Sluzka for certain lamellibranchs in the
Intumescens zone is not necessarily to admit the integrity of that genus nor
to concede the reappearance in the upper Devonic of the Siluric types to
which the name was first applied. The employment of the term obviates
the erection of a new name ; and, in the absence of definite hinge structure
or, rather, with present evidence of the extreme simplicity of the hinge, we
find in these Devonic shells an approximation to the structure represented
by the majority of Barrande’s species of the genus.
Loxopteria (Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov.
Plate 14, fig. 18-26
Shells of medium or small size, subcircular to subquadrate, general
aspect of left valve suggestive of Paracyclas. Beaks nearly median,
* Barrande. Syst. Sil. 6, pl. 265-1, fig. 8, 9.
278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
slightly anterior. On the left valve the prodissoconch is generally con-
spicuous in adult stages. Hinge line short, straight, extending backward
for a little distance, then deflected downward, the posterior margin having
a slight outward curve. At the posteroventral angle it is more or less
abruptly deflected to the transverse basal margin, which at the anteroven- .
tral angle is bent upward in a more or less abrupt curve, which gradually
recurves to the beak. The subangular umbonal ridge is well marked on
the posterior moiety of the valve, reaching the margin at the posteroventral
angle, and along this ridge all the folds of the surface are quite abruptly
bent. The posterior slope is moderately broad and clearly defined. Sur-
face gently and pretty regularly convex; marked by very coarse concentric
corrugations, generally five to six in number, separated by narrow grooves.
The right valve is very seldom seen; that referred to the species is
obliquely subovate, with subanterior beaks; basal margin rising rather _
abruptly to the anterior extremity, while the posterior margin is broad and
a regular curve. The vertical diameter of the valve across the posterior
portion is nearly twice that through the umbo. From the beak obliquely
backward extends a depression increasing in width downward, which
divides the surface into a narrow anterior and broad posterior convexity.
The latter is again depressed and flattened toward the hinge line. Sur-
face with concentric wrinkles, which may be covered by finer concentric
lines.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Walnut creek
at Forestville and Correll’s point on the Lake Erie shore near Brocton.
Observations. Loxopteria corrugata is a species closely
similar to Kochia (L.) rugosa Frech, which has been described from
a single left valve from the Upper Devonic at Beilstein near Oberscheld.'
This attains a larger size than we have observed in the New York speci-
mens, and we note that there is an apparent difference in the development
f the umbonal ridge. L. rugosa is represented as having an elevated,
somewhat incurved postumbonal slope, free of corrugations, but in the
1 Op. cit. p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 5, 5a.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 279
description it is stated that this part of the shell is broken. As there is a
striking agreement in other points of structure, we may assume that the
species are fully congeneric. These shells however, while carrying the
general expression of Loxopteria, show some palpable differences from the
typical members of the genus, L. dispar and L. laevis. The subtri-
angular aspect of the shell is lost by the development of the postumbonal
slope on the left valve, carrying corrugations and showing no trace of wing,
and in the right valve the broad oblique depression is anterior, while the
posterior moiety of the valve is broadly convex instead of being abruptly
elevated into a winglike expansion. With more data these differentials
may become entitled to distinctive value.
ONTARIA gen. nov.
(Cardiola auct. aliq.)
Cardiola was proposed by Broderip in 1839’ for shells typified by the
species C. interrupta Sow., an Upper Siluric shell having a subcircular
marginal outline, convex umbones with beaks projecting beyond the short
and straight hinge line; cardinal (ligamental) areas triangular and rising
to the hight of the beaks, so that they are broadest in the interval
between the beaks; this area is striated horizontally. The hinge line, so
far as known, is a straight edge without modification or denticulation. The
strong umbones are directed forward and give a general obliquity to the
convex contour of the shell. The surface is covered with strong radial ribs,
which are crossed, cancelated or knotted by concentric lines grooving the
surfaces of the radii without materially affecting the deep intervals. These
concentric markings usually develop into or express themselves as corru-
gations or undulations, specially strong over the umbonal region of the
valves. The shell is calcareous and relatively thick.
These shells are of striking and peculiar external habit, and we under-
stand their variations in expression pretty thoroughly. Barrande has given
nearly 200 illustrations of Bohemian specimens of C. iiterruptaalone and
*Murchison’s Silurian System, 2: 617.
280 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
has supplemented these by a profusion of figures of other Siluric shells hav-
ing similar character. It has been usage to refer the Upper Devonic shells of
like aspect to this Siluric genus. Chenu ‘and Zittel,? citeC. cornucopiae
Goldfs., a German Clymeniakalk species, as typical of the genus and use
this for purposes of illustration. Various authors have incidentally referred
such Devonic shells as we have here to consider to the genus Cardiola, but
no one has studied them as carefully as Beushausen, who, cautiously and
with reserve, also employs this term as the present most convenient recepta-
cle for them. This procedure can not long be justified. Granting the
general similarity in aspect of these shells with Cardiola interrupta,
we find structural differences in the early and later forms which seem to us
reliable, and these we should supplement by the following general consid-
erations: (1) an a priori consideration, that these late Devonic shells,
connected with the Siluric Cardiolas by very few representatives, are
improbably of the same generic character; (2) the evidence that the
influences (whether external or internal) which have effected the paleo-
conch condition in so many of these lamellibranch genera, expressed in
tenuity of shell, loss of special articular development and shown in all
the genera which are properly distinctive of this fauna, have similarly
affected this group of Cardiolas, and endowed them with an expression
which entitles them to distinction; (3) the unavoidable conclusion that
these shells are opisthogyre in the same sense as are Lunulicardium,
Honeoyea and Paraptyx, while there is at present no ground for assum-
ing that the typical Siluric Cardiola is of this character.
In respect to structure we observe (1) the extreme tenuity of the
Devonic shells, (2) the general prevalence of an extremely fine, delicate,
radial striation contradistinguished from the coarse ribbing of C. inter-
rupta and its Siluric allies, (3) a diminution to or almost to extinction of
the cardinal or ligamental area beneath the beak, (4) the presence of radial
*Manuel de conchyliologie.
2Grundziige d. Paleontologie, etc.
3This species was regarded by Sowerby as synonymous with C.interrupta.
ee ee ee ee OO
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 281
plications in front of or behind the beak or in both positions, with interlock-
ing extremities crenulating the margin. These appear to be absent in C.
interrupta. Aside from these special considerations, ‘‘Cardiola” as com-
monly employed has no precise value, and we shall do well to separate from
the heterogeneous objects therewith included, this compact group of upper
Devonic shells. Barrande figured some shells of great size under the name
Pantatan||—skategv. On ply 189) 300) 320, 331, which, im respect to the
character of the cardinal area and attitude of beak as well as character
of surface, are in more close agreement with these shells than the latter
with Cardiola.’
Under the description of Paraptyx we noted that the only represen-
tative of the genus, P. ontario, is so closely similar in external characters
to Cardiola (Ontaria) clarkei Beushausen that specimens of the
two are barely distinguishable if the cardinal line be imperfectly preserved ;
both species alike possess the fine, flattened, numerous and frequently split
radii, and the former often assumes a subcircular outline as in the latter,
though normally it is somewhat elongate vertically.» This resemblance is
specially well shown in the specimen of Paraptyx represented on plate 7,
figure 9. We have shown from the evidence derived from Honeoyea that
the crescent of Paraptyx is posterior and hence the beaks opisthogyre. The
suppression of this crescent with its functions would virtually change
aga pi <nOutar tomo Omearrasclariked, ln the latter there is
absolutely no trace of this structure, fine replacements showing only a
narrow cardinal area, but there is no escape from present evidence that,
if the beaks are posterior in Paraptyx, they are likewise posterior in Onta-
*The name Pantata is probably of doubtful validity. It has not been even briefly
defined, and some writers have included it under Panenka (= Puella). Frech has shown
that the word is not such as could be appropriately employed for a generic designation,
being a current Czechic word for father.
2This similarity of aspect in distinct organisms is paralleled by the gonitatites
Probeloceras lutheri and Beloceras iynx which can not be distinguished
except on exposure of the sutures.
282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ria, even though the greater part of the ligament area lies in the opposite
| direction.’
We propose to distinguish this group of Cardiolas of the Upper
Devonic by the term Ontaria (Ungulima suborbienlaris saa
type).
Ontaria suborbicularis Hall (sp.)
| Plate 8, fig. 1-20
Ungulina suborbicularis and Lucina? retusa Hall, Geology of New
York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 243, fig. 106, 2, and p. 246, fig. 107, 4
/ Cardiomorpha suborbicularis Hall, Paleontology of New York. v. 5, pt 1,
plates and explanations. 1883. pl. 63, fig. 9, 10
Edmondia?tenuistriata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v.5, pt 1,
pl. 63, fig. 9, 10
Cardiomorpha suborbicularis Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul.16. 1885.
| p- 51
| cf. Lucina wyomingensis and Lucina varysburgia Williams, U. S.
] Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. (p. 44) pl 2, mg 13244
| The variable aspect of this abundant and characteristic fossil has been
| largely though not wholly responsible for its unfortunate entanglement in
| literature. The original woodcut given in 1843 was a very fair and quite
| recognizable representation of a certain expression of the species, which
may properly be regarded as typical, if not also normal; that is a subcir-
|
|
cular shell with central beak, concentrically and sharply lined surface, and |
entire freedom from radial striae or plications. The brief description which .
accompanied it mentioned these features and the occurrence of the shell on
Cashaqua creek and the shore of Lake Erie. Just such shells do occur
very commonly throughout the lower beds of the formation from Lake Erie
to Seneca lake. No subsequent account has been given of this original
type of shell in any of the volumes of the Paleontology of New York except
in the preliminary publication of the plates of volume 5 of that work, on
* Noetling’s observations on the morphology of the lamellibranchs, already referred
to, indicate the necessity of readjustment of current views as to the stability of the
position of the beak with reference to the animal, and with change of beak the line of
greatest shell growth also changes.
1 atl Gee
~ toe) oe =
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 283
the Devonic lamellibranchiates, where a figure of a single imperfect
specimen was ascribed to this species, then termed Cardiomorpha
suborbicularis; in the final appearance of these plates accompanied
by descriptive text this name was altogether abandoned, and the fossil was
redescribed under the new designation Edmondia? tenuistriata,
and its geologic locality cited as the “shales of the Chemung group near
iE lionicase Ne Yeu
The following remarks were also made in justification of this change:
“This species has been compared with and supposed to be identical with
Ungulina suborbicularis, but it is entirely distinct from that form,
and from a different horizon.”
The specimen is, on the contrary, an excellent representative of Ung,
suborbicularis, differing from the original type, so far as one may
judge from the figure, in the presence of fine, filiform, radial striae, but this,
as we shall presently observe, can not be relied on as a specific character.
Moreover, the specimen, a piece of dark gray sandy shale, is from the
high layers carrying the survivors of the Portage fauna after the introduc-
tion of a distinct fauna from the east.
It is the existence in varying degree of this fine radial lineation of the
surface that has obscured the identity of the species and seems to have
given birth to the name above mentioned, Edmondia? tenuistriata,
and also to the terms Lucina wyomingensis and L. varysburgia.
This radial striation may manifest itself only as a few faint lines on
each cardinal slope close to the hinge line; it may extend over the entire
cardinal slopes; and, finally, and most often, may cover the entire surface
with extremely minute lines of equal size. Thus between a smooth shell
marked with sharp concentric lines but with no trace whatever of radial
striae to shells in which the entire surface is covered with fine radii, we find
within this species every passage stage.
The striae along the hinge line on both sides of the beak are not
stouter than those elsewhere, but they slightly crenulate the margin of the
shell on the posterior side of the beak, as the others do not.
284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
The greater number of these lineate specimens are sculpture casts and
do not of themselves clearly demonstrate the external character of this
radiation, but on some specimens from the limestone the shell is retained
and indicate that the striation is strictly exterior and ornamental.
Description. Shell of considerable size, typically suborbicular, with
central beak which is incurved and minute and oblique. The apical part of
the beak is sometimes set off by a low transverse thickening which thus
brings the embryonal shell into prominence.
Hinge line short and straight; cardinal area narrow, elongate, trian-
gular, not elevated.
Surface quite evenly convex from the umbo outward; often abruptly
folded downward at the periphery. The ornamentation normally consists
of sharp, imbricating concentric striae which may form successive festoons
or undulations far apart, covered by lines close together, or the lines may
be all distant or all approximate. These more distant lines are sometimes
limited to the body of the valve, while about the margins they are crowded,
or again they are to be found only about the margin. Sometimes internal
casts show a concentric undulation which manifests itself on the surface
only in a fasciculation of the striae.
There may be no radial striae whatever on the shell, but in the major-
ity of instances some evidence of them is to be seen. Sometimes, though
seldom, there appear three or more very fine lines on each side of the beak
close to the cardinal area. The lines may also cover the anterior and pos-
terior slopes of the shell, or extend over the entire surface, cancelating the
finer concentric lines and minutely crenulating the margin. All these lines
are exceedingly fine, but become more prominent in the old shells near the
margin.
These shells are subject to variations in some other respects. The
contour of the surface is not uncommonly modified by the abrupt concentric
deflection of the peripheral region, and, if this has occurred more than once
in the .life of the shell, a very uneven surface may result. Again, while
shells which agree with the original in having a central beak are sufficiently
— —_
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 285
common, the majority of specimens present a somewhat oblique condition.
The degree of this obliquity varies from the normal to the situation of the
beak at the posterior one third of the shell’s length. It was such an
oblique shell that was figured by Hall in 1843 (op. czt.) as Lucina?
re basa.
This obliquity is apparently not accidental or due to distortion from
compression ; occasional specimens show the young shell, outlined by a
deep growth furrow, to be orbicular; the obliquity of the shell which com-
mences soon thereafter is a result of natural growth.
Had we but a few specimens of this species under study, there might
seem some justification for regarding these oblique shells as a persistent
variety; but, among the several hundred shells before us, it is evident that
the passage from the erect to the oblique form is quite as gradual as from
the nonstriate to the striate shells.
Only this extensive material has served to demonstrate the protean
character of this species, to which in all its various expressions we can
apply but one term.
In some of its aspects the species very closely approaches the well
known Cardiola concentrica von Buch, a widespread Intumescens
zone organism throughout European outcrops. Guided by Beushausen’s
excellent figures and full description of this shell, we observe that in none
of the examples of O. suborbicularis are the cardinal plications so
strongly developed, nor is it often that the surface of this shell is so
strongly and regularly corrugated as that. Won Buch regarded his species
as bearing radial striae, but Beushausen states he could find only the barest
traces of such lines, and suggests that they belong to the inner shell layers.
Though we find among the Portage shells those that we regard as typical
examples of C.concentrica, yet these appear not to have entered the
Naples subprovince. We may safely infer that, with its wide range of
variation, O. suborbicularis is, thus, a species comprehending a local
expression ot € concentrica. Beushausen expresses the opinion
Hat wallow Eedmvomduarstemulstrrata is ©) concentrica, and,
286 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
while it is unquestionably O.suborbicularis, this opinion indicates
the approximation of these species.
IH ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Ontaria sub-
| orbicularis is a very common shell in the lower soft shales of the
| Naples beds in Yates, Ontario, Livingston, Genesee and Erie counties and
also occurs in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake.
| With Phragmostoma natator, Manticoceras intumes-
| cens and Buchiola retrostriata it rises high in thestratamneere
region about Elmira surviving after the introduction of the brachiopod
fauna.
It is doubtful if any of the shells found in the Chautauqua subprovince
| can be safely referred to this species. Such forms are not frequent in any
event and when well preserved seem to represent other species, e. g.
ONeo MeEentrica Oop omit mica.
| Ontaria concentrica von Buch (sp.)
! / Plate 8, fig. 26
Orbicula concentrica v. Buch, Ueber Goniatiten. 1832. p. 50
. Cardium pectunculoides d’Archiac & de Verneuil, Geol. Soc. Trans. ser. 2.
Il] | v.16, pt 2, <1842.' p. 375s pleas, figs 12
Cardiola concentrica Keyserling, Beob. iib eine Reise in das Petschoraland.
| 1846. p. 253 ;
Cardium pectunculoides A. Roemer, Verst. des Harzgeb. Beitr. 1. 1850.
p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 10
Cardiola concentrica Sandberger, Verstein. d. rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau.
1850-56. p..272; pl. zo, fig. 1
Cardiola? concentrica Tschernyschew, Fauna d. mittl. u. ober. Devon am
Westabhange des Urals. 1887. p. 18, pl. 6, fig. 15
Cardiola concentrica Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895.
P- 355, pl. 37, fig. 16-20
ff. Lucina wyomingensis Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 44,
pl. 3; fig. 33
I refer with a little hesitation to this old species the single valve here
figured, which presents an expression not attained by O. suborbicularis
in the three or four strongly marked plications behind the beak and finer
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 287
ones in front. These are of precisely the same character as the posterior
plications in Lunulicardium and may also be compared to those of Euthy-
desma. Beushausen has shown that the German forms of the species do
not always carry concentric undulations, but it is evident from our specimen
that the sharply defined and distinct concentric lines of the body of the
shell rise on low rounded surfaces, while about the periphery the lines are
more closely crowded and less elevated. Though this is the only specimen
observed which in our judgment can be referred to O. concentrica, it
seems to us probable that the shell termed by Williams Lucina
wyomingensis (of. cet.) is of the same nature, the figures indicating
the umbonal radii. This species does not enter the Naples subprovince,
and likewise, as we have before observed, the O. suborbicularis
occurs rarely in the Chautauqua subprovince.
Dimensions. Yhe specimen before us is a left valve measuring in
hight and length 20 mm. :
flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s
point, near Brocton, Chautauquaco. Lucina wyomingensis isfrom
Varysburg, Wyoming co.
Ontaria pontiaca sp. nov.
Plate 8, fig. 2x
Shell suborbicular or slightly transverse. Hinge line straight, extend-
ing two thirds the length of the shell; divided subcentrally by the beak,
which projects slightly beyond it; beaks deflected very slightly anteriorly.
Cardinal area narrow, erect. Valves subequilateral Umbo gently and
regularly convex, sloping with convex curve to the basal margin, but the
surface is concave both in front and behind the umbo on the slope of the
lateral margins. Marginal curve quite regular, the surface somewhat more
expanded behind than in front. Marginal surface somewhat abruptly
deflected.
Surface smooth, showing no cardinal or other radial plications and only
vague, obscure suggestions of concentric lines. This general smoothness
of the surface is indicated by a number of individuals and serves, with
288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the equilateral division of the shell, as the distinguishing feature of the
species.
Dimensions. An average specimen has a length of 26 mm; and hight
of 20 mm.
Ffabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Known only
from the shales at Pontiac, Erie co.
Ontaria accincta sp. nov.
Plate 8, fig. 22-25
Shells small for this genus but slightly convex, with subcentral beaks.
Outline circular. Cardinal line short and straight, the curve sometimes a
little broader anteriorly. Surface smooth or with traces of concentric lines
about the margin and an occasional circular ridge or wrinkle; no radial
lines visible. The embryo shell is distinctly set off from the rest of the
valve by a deep cincture, and this feature seems to be always present and
may be construed as a characteristic of the species.
Dimensions. Length and hight 7-8 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Cashaqua creek.
Observations. A considerable number of shells from the same locality
have the above features and attain about the same dimensions. The
peculiar prominence of the prodissoconch seen in all these appears sporadi-
cally in adult specimens of O. suborbicularis. We believe however
that it persists in all the shells of this more westerly form and, together
with the other surface characters, will serve to keep it distinct therefrom.
Ontaria clarkei Beushausen (sp. )
Plate 7, fig. 10-20
Cardiola clarkei Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. N. F. 1885.
Heft 17, p. 347, pl. 36, fig. 10a
It is a rather singular incident that Beushausen under the above name
should have described from a single valve a species which is of so frequent
occurrence in the New York Intumescens fauna.
The shell is of considerable size, somewhat but not greatly oblique,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 289
with rather prominent umbo, and closely appressed, incurved beak. Cardi-
nal area short, triangular, but inequilateral, and divided unequally by the
beak. Surface quite convex, maximum convexity being attained near the
middle of the shell, and the curvature thence becoming slightly concave on
the anterior and posterior slopes. Outline subcircular to transversely oval.
The sculpture consists of fine radial lines, from 125 to 150 in number,
which extend over the entire surface to the hinge line. These are at first
round and filiform, but become flattened outward and increase by unequal
division, so that on the margin these radii alternate or vary irregularly in
size. The intervening grooves are very narrow. At the cardinal slopes
the lines are larger on the posterior slope, and their extremities inosculate
on opposite valves. Over the median portion of the shell these radial lines
often show a decided backward curve parallel with the oblique line of
greatest convexity from the beak to the ventral margin. In occasional
instances duplication of the radial striae begins early and results in
exceptionally fine lineation of the pallial region of the shell.
' The surface also sometimes bears low, somewhat irregular concentric
folds which seem to be largely due to compression in the shales, as rotund
specimens are free from them.
We have already noted the remarkable similarity in ornamental
characters between this shell and Paraptyx ontario, which conceals
the distinction between the two when the cardinal parts are not retained.
In O. clarkei the hinge line is very short, and the cardinal angles
rounded closely about the beak, while the umbonal striae radiate to the
posterior edge.
Dimensions. \n average specimens the length is 20 mm, hight 18
mm. Large examples attain a length of 30 mm and hight of 25 mm, while
small individuals very much below these dimensions are common.
Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is
common in the shales of the Naples beds in Ontario and Livingston
counties, but has not been observed west of the Genesee river. Beushau- -
sen’s specimen is from the lower Upper Devonic at Oberscheld.
290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Ontaria affiliata sp. nov.
(ela 7 He De, Oe
This shell is a radiate plicate species allied to O. clarkei in some
respects, differing therefrom in (1) contour, this species being more convex
at the umbo and over the body of the valve with steeper slopes anteriorly
and posteriorly ; (2) direction of plications, which pass radially with slight
curve from beak to margins ; (3) character of plications: these are fine, flat,
even more numerous at the start than in O. clarkei, simple for one half
their length, thence forward rapidly intercalating or splitting, and at the
margins all are separated by linear grooves irregularly fasciculated. Faint
concentric folds are evident but no concentric lines.
Flabetat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. The single valve
showing the above characters is from the soft shales of Parrish gully,
Naples.
Ontaria halli sp. nov.
Plate 7, fig. 23—24A; plate 8, fig. 28
These shells approach very closely Cardiola subarticulata
Beushausen' having from 80 to too fine, simple, rounded striae, which
become flattened over the pallial region in front and behind and are
separated by linear furrows. The surface bears a series of low, broad con-
centric undulations and also very fine concentric cancelating striae. The
shells from the Naples shales are less convex than the German species
referred to, but this may be a casual difference. In outline they are some-
what transversely oval or subcircular, narrow across the umbones without the
expanded subcircular extremities of associated species. The beak and
umbo are prominent, and the general contour of the surface as in other
species here described. The character of the surface serves to distinguish
the species, being less finely striated than in O. clarkei, and no other
associated form carries the combination of radial striations, strong con-
centric corrugations and fine concentric striae here present.
* Op. cit. p.i 352, pl. 37; fig. 4:
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 2gG1
Dimensions. An average specimen measures, hight 20 mm, length
18 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Occasionally in
the shales at Parrish gully, Naples N. Y. Cardiola subarticulata
Beush. is from Martenberg, Westphalia.
Genus Euthydesma Hall. 1885
Euthydesma was based on the species we are about to notice; and,
after careful study of all available material of the genus from the Intu-
mescens fauna and comparison with the accounts given by Holzapfel and
Beushausen of the shell described as Mytilarca and Euthydesma
beyrichi, we are disposed to conclude that at present but one specific
type of this genus is known. The New York shells are of considerable,
often large size, with umbones full, rotund and anterior and the surface
generally characterized by broad and obliquely concentric ridges. The
actual attitude of the beaks we are disposed to believe is opisthogyre,
though our preparations are not of such character as finally to determine
this point. Yet from analogy with Lunulicardium we find much that
supports this view; the posterior cardinal ribs (two to five in number)
constitute all the radial plications of the surface and are quite sug-
gestive of the posterior plications in Lunulicardium, specially the species
L.beushauseni. This similarity to L. beushauseni is somewhat
emphasized by such specimens as that figured on our plate 9 | fig. 15], where
the shell seems to have a scar of early injury running obliquely forward
from the beak, giving the apex an apparently posterior direction and the
anterior margin a subtruncate aspect. This phenomenon has been
observed in more than one instance and may not prove to be wholly casual.
Hall described the hinge line as “rigidly straight” and as bearing a well
defined ligamental groove. Our preparations show that the cardinal or
ligament area is rather short, moderately high, arched and finely striated
horizontally. It is interrupted directly under the beak by a transverse or
vertical ridge and corresponding depression, so that this modification of the
292 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
area subserves the purposes of articulation, though these processes are not
to be regarded as hinge teeth. We believe with Beushausen that the
affinities of Euthydesma were doubtless with the Cardiolidae, that is with
such of them as have been already here described, and the presence of the
peculiar structure mentioned does not militate against this interpretation.
Euthydesma subtextile Hall
Plate 9, fig. 8-17
Astarte subtextilis Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843.
Pp. 245, fig. 6
Cardiomorpha subtextilis Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. 1870.
ti2a ip:
Card a m ; — atextilis and undulata, Paleontology of New York. 1883.
v. 5, pt 1, plates and explanations, pl. 63, fig. 11-16
Euthydesma subtextile Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, 2,
p. 385, pl..63, fig. 11-26; 93, fig. 28, 29
cf. Mytilarca beyrichi Holzapfel, Palaeontographica. 1882. 28:257, pl. 48,
fig. 8, a, b and
Euthydesma beyrichi Beushausen, Abhandl. der k6nigl. Preuss. geolog.
Landesanst. N F. 1895. Heft 27; p: 317, pl. 36, ue.7,.¢
This shell has been quite fully described and delineated in the Padeon-
tology of New York, and hence its characters do not require full explication
here.
The species is peculiarly localized, having been found in New York
only about the shore of Lake Erie, where it appears to be very common at
certain localities. In external aspect it is somewhat variable, at times being
almost smooth or with fine concentric striae; usually bearing strong and
low oblique ridges on the surface* and generally on both valves two or
more strong ribs extending along the hinge line and obliquely from the
beak to the posterior extremity. These are present in the original of the
figure 13 cited in the accompanying footnote, but have been omitted in the
drawing Good sculpture casts show fine concentric lines, distant in the
_
*In the specimens represented in figures 13 and 14 on plate 63, Pal. N. Y., doc. cit, the
undulations there appearing as concentric with the growth lines are actually slightly
oblique.
,
ae
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 293
umbonal region but crowded toward the margins, and also traces of fine
radial lines are to be seen, principally on the posterior and basal slopes.
These take on the form of slightly wavy lunes which undulute without
cancelating the concentric striae. The figure intended to show the nature
of this ornament on plate 63, of. cz. | fig. 15] is, as stated therein, incorrect ;
that given on plate 93, figure 29, approximates the actual condition.
With regard to Euthydesma beyrichi Holz., Beushausen has
suggested the probability of its identity with E. subtextile but hesi-
tated to pronounce the two forms alike, because, first, of the supposed
“radial striation of the entire shell” in the latter, which is not perceptible
except with extraordinarily favorable preservation; again, on account of
the cancelation of the radial and concentric striae and the formation of
nodes at their intersection, a condition which exists only on a minute scale ;
and, thirdly, because of only ¢wo posterior folds parallel to the hinge line.
As shown by our figures, the number of these varies from one to five.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Barcelona,
Correll’s point, Forestville, Chautauqua co. and at Gowanda, Cattaraugus
co. The original specimens of Mytilarca beyrichi are from the lower
Upper Devonic at Martenberg, Westphalia. Beushausen further reports
the species from Oberscheld and from the upper Upper Devonic of the
Enkeberg.
ELASMATIUM Zen. NOV.
Under this name we propose to bring together series of disconnected
right and left valves subtriangular or subcircular in outline, with cardinal
characters obsolete and surface smooth or concentrically lined. The right
valves are convex, arched in the umbonal region, with an oblique, low
umbonal ridge and well defined umbonal slope. The left valves agree in
marginal outline and general convexity with the right, but a vertical inte-
rior plate or ridge begins at the beak and divides the shell along the
curving middle line into two subequal parts. A lesser and similar internal
plate seems to lie in the place of the posterior umbonal ridge.
Surface of both valves concentrically striate.
294 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Elasmatium gowandense sp. nov.
Plate 12, fig. 21-29
Shells of rather small size having the characters above-set forth. The
interior plates or ridges of the left valve are generally rendered conspicuous
by the flattening of the test in the shale, breaking along the edges of the
plates and leaving them standing out above the surface of the shell. This
crushing, which is usual in the specimen, generally folds it along the
umbonal ridge, obscuring but not concealing the smaller plate beneath.
Observations. To the relations of these shells, if the valves here
described prove to belong together, we can gain little clue. The clavicle
bearing left valves suggest some of the taxodont genera like Nuculites, but
there is a total loss of taxodont characters. The shells are found freely in
association with Kochia and Loxopteria.
Ffabitat. Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales,
at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co., and at Walnut creek, Forestville and Little
Canadaway creek, Chautauqua co,
Genus sucurora Barrande. 1881
Venericardium v. Buch. 1832
Glyptocardia Hall. 1885
Cardium, Cardiola, Avicula of authors
ee to,
rrnty
so FORME Lm oe IRAE ya iy
Aaa Ol
Fig. 11 Camera sketches of the hinge line in Buchiola retrostriata showing the
irregular denticulations on the edge
Obscure as are the structural characters of these shells, yet the peculi-
arity of their ornament alone justifies their distinctive designation. This
feature consists in few and broad plications crossed by fine lines caught up
into festoons on the summits of the ribs. Even in this respect, however,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 295
the species pass into Paracardium, a group from which Buchiola is distin-
guished less in kind than in degree. The structural features of Buchiola
appear to us, from the study of delicate replacements, to be these. The
cardinal line is long and straight, and the beaks we regard as prosogyre ;
a narrow sometimes curved or concave, almost linear cardinal or ligament
area is developed, on the outer edge of which we find in many cases a
row of minute and often irregular denticles. This is a modification which
is so frequently absent that we. have repeatedly suspected it to be due to
incomplete replacement, but in our present judgment such is not the nature
of it. This row of denticies may extend for nearly the whole length of the
cardinal line or for only a part thereof, and it is probable that those from
opposite valves interlock. It is quite certain that these denticles are not
termini of radial subumbonal plications, as somewhat similar appearances in
Praecardium are believed to be by Neumayr and Beushausen.
Beushausen has done an estimable service in indicating the specific
distinctions existing in the Devonic material of Germany which has long
and everywhere passed under the name Cardiola retrostriata v.
Buch. Similarly in New York all expressions of this genus have commonly
passed as Avicula or Glyptocardia speciosa Hall. Though we
find less diversity of specific forms in the Appalachian than in the German
Devonic (18 species), yet we find it necessary to enter on some restriction
of the old specific name, in order properly to apprehend the value of the
genus.
Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch. (sp.)
Plate ro, fig. 1-14
Venericardium retrostriatum v. Buch, Ueber Goniatiten. 1832. p. 50
Avicula speciosa Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843.
Pp. 243, pt 106, fig. 1, ra
Cardiola speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1883. v. 5, pt 1, plates
and explanations, pl. 70, fig. 6-8 (not fig. 2-5, 9)
Glyptocardia speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1
Lamell. 2, p. 426, pl. 70, fig. 6-8 (not fig. 2-5, 9)
Cancdiolwenetr os tpmilatamelarke Ur omGeol sun Bulk 16) 1885. ops 5S
296 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cardiola (Buchiola) retrostriata Clarke, Am. Geologist. August 1891.
Pp. 91, 96
Buchiola retrostriata Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. Lan-
desanst.,N. Eo) 18955 etter], psgz. plasasiic: omro
We have already stated that the generic type of Buchiola is repre-
sented by fewer specific expressions in the Devonic of New York than in
the Rhineland. It is furthermore but sparsely found among faunas which
antedate the Intumescens zone, but with a few other species of this fauna
it continues its existence in the eastern subprovince for a while after the
introduction of the brachiopod fauna. With the arrival of the Intumescens
fauna, even in its prenuncial appearance, Buch. retrostriata was com-
mon, and in the shales and sands of the Naples beds it became, probably,
the most abundant fossil of these rocks.
Following the excellent example of Beushausen, we find reason to
recognize certain specific differences in New York specimens of Buchiola
which have heretofore been in part embraced under the specific terms cited
above, by Professor Hall and the writer. Compared with Professor Beushau-
sen’s careful delineations of what must be regarded, in lieu of more precise
knowledge, as typical examples of Venericardium retrostriatum
v. Buch, and Cardium palmatum Goldfs., we are bound to conclude
that no specific difference exists between the great majority of examples of
Buchiola in the Naples beds and Buch. retrostriata. It is equally
true that no material distinction can be found between these specimens and
Beushausen’s conception of Buch. palmata. For us. these two vener-
able names, whose specific independence is recognized by the German
savant, express the extremes of variation in sculpture of the New York
species. Of both we find the equivalent in our common shell, which we
designate with complete propriety, Buchiola retrostriata,
Shell small, oblique oval, this obliquity frequently being exaggerated
and sometimes lessened by the angle and degree of compression in the
shales. Full grown individuals are highly convex when uncompressed, the
greatest elevation being near the middle of the valve; the umbones are full
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 297
and closely incurved, beaks acute, small, and directed forward. Hinge line
straight, shorter than the length of the shell, making nearly a right angle
with the periphery at its anterior extremity, but a much larger angle at the
posterior extremity.
As specific characters in this genus rest wholly on permanent variations
in the external ornament, this feature is to be depicted with care, and
herein our observations are not based alone on internal and sculpture casts,
but have been materially aided by barite replacements in which the contour
of the detail is retained with absolute accuracy.
The number of plications in mature specimens is from 11 to 13. In
young shells there may be not more than six or eight, but this number is
invariably the accompaniment of diminutive size. In the umbonal regions
of full grown shells these plications are distinctly convex, and their lateral
slopes pass without interruption into the smooth, concave and narrow inter-
vening furrows. Over the median part of the body of the valve the ribs
become broader and flattened above, and distinct lateral ridges are gradu-
ally developed, which separate each rib from the sulcus. These ridges
become more elevated toward the ventral margin, where they are raised
into low carinae, while the ribs of which they form the boundaries become
slightly concave because of their elevation. It is important to keep before
the mind this variation with growth in view of the fact that Beushausen
has laid much importance on the form of the cross section of the plications
as a specific value, without taking into proper account this certainty of vari-
- ation from early to later stages.
The surfaces of the ribs between the carinae are marked by quite
prominent, retrally curved ridges having their longest slope toward the ven-
tral margin. These may sometimes, if rarely, present a slight subangula-
tion at the middle, seen best on the extremital ribs. The cross ridges are
generally subequidistant, but toward the periphery become crowded and
finer. Compression in the shale and complication with the matrix often
have the result to obscure these cross markings or to make them appear
‘less regular than they actually are. On the extremital slopes they are
somewhat finer than elsewhere.
298 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
The grooves are regularly concave, and are smooth ; faint traces of con-
centric lines on them are sometimes seen on the anterior slope. These
grooves are always narrower than the ribs, and on the ventral margin have
about two thirds of their width.
Dimensions. The length of this shell rarely exceeds 8 mm, the average
of size being considerably less than this. An uncompressed valve of this
length from the Styliola limestone has a convexity of 3.5 mm.
Fflabitat. Genesee province ; Naples subprovince. Not infrequent in
the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake. Also in a higher limestone,
just beneath the sandstones, at Lodi, Seneca co. Everywhere in the argil-
laceous and sandy shales of the Naples beds in Seneca, Ontario, Living-
ston, Genesee and Wyoming counties, rarer in the lower beds of Erie
county, and occasionally in the eastern extension of this fauna through
Schuyler, Tompkins, and into Cortland counties. Also in the Wiscoy
shales above the Portage sandstones.
Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov.
Plate xo, fig. 23, 24
Glyptocardia speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. vy 5, pt 1,
pl. 70, fig. 2-4
In the work cited Professor Hall included with typical Glypt. spe-
ciosa from the Portage shales, specimens from the black Genesee shales,
figured as above. These, which we have had redrawn in part because their
characters were not accurately given, are of rather inferior preservation, but
they are clearly distinct from the other species here described, in the fol-
lowing respects. They are quite elongate transversely, narrower in front
than behind, the ribs are few, nine to 11, quite broad and flat with narrower
interspaces, margins elevated on those in front of the umbo but otherwise
with rounded edges, all ribs becoming more obscure and even obsolescent
toward the margins. The concentric lines are faint, but fine, elevated,
turned backward in a broad curve on the ribs and visible also in the sulci.
In size the shells measure 6-8 mm in length by 5-6 mm in hight.
[Tabitat. Inthe black Genesee shales of Bristol, Ontario co.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 299
Buchiola (?) livoniae sp. nov.
Plate zz, fig. x, 2
Shell of medium size, transversely elliptic, beak subcentral, umbo not
elevated, surface depressed convex. Cardinal line long, sloping somewhat
in front. Ribs rounded, slightly flattened on top, 20 to 24 in number, sepa-
rated by narrower and shallow furrows; crossed by very fine, crowded
elevated and slightly recurved concentric lines, scarcely visible on the
grooves.
Dimensions. Length 8 mm, hight 5 mm.
This shell is the most numerously plicate of any of the species referred
to the genus, and it is with some hesitation’that the species is placed with
Buchiola rather than with the finely ribbed group constituting Paracardium.
It serves to show the easy passage of one of these divisions into the other.
Flabetat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Genun-
dewa limestone of the Livonia salt shaft, Genesee county, and on
Canandaigua lake.
A specimen from the dark Portage shales at Naples, which may be
somewhat distorted in outline, has similar surface characters and may repre-
sent this species. B. (?) livoniae is also known from the Naples fauna
of Allegany county, Md.
Buchiola scabrosa sp. nov.
Plate ro, fig. 25-28
Shells small, highly convex, oblique, with ribs strongly elevated,
rounded or without elevated edges and furrows deep, smooth and not flat-
tened. The ornament of the ribs consists of very coarse, retrally bent
subangular and elevated scales over the umbonal region and these become
fine, delicate and obscure about the periphery.
The species is well characterized by its ornament and will not be con-
founded with others of the fauna. It is suggestive of B. halli of the
Hamilton fauna, but the latter is a very much larger shell with irregular
retral festoons hemmed in by the elevated edges of the ribs.
300 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dimensions. An average convex specimen measures, length 7 mm,
hight 6 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola
limestone on Canandaigua lake; the calcareous concretions of the Portage
shales on Honeoye lake and from the shales in Ontario and Livingston
counties. Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales on Farnham creek,
Erie co:
Buchiola conversa sp. nov.
~
Plate xo, fig. 22
Shell small, hinge line straight ; surface depressed convex, beak sub-
central, umbo not prominent, marginal outline subcircular. Surface with
12 or 13 ribs, which are at first flattened and at about the middle of the
shell become decidedly concave with elevated edges; this concavity
increases to the ventral margin. Concentric striae are extremely faint on
these ribs. The intercostal furrows are not as wide as the ribs, and are but
little more concave; they, however, have the concentric striae quite clearly
defined toward the anterior margin. This ornament is of quite similar
aspect to that of Praecardium duplicatum, described on another
page, but there is no likelihood of confounding the species. Buchiola
conversa is quite clearly distinguished from other species of Buchiola.
Dimensions. Length of an average example 5 mm, hight 4 mm.
flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Big Sister
and Farnham creeks, Angola, Erie co., 250 feet above the Cashaqua shales ;
Forestville, Chautauqua co. Naples subprovince. Naples. Also in the
Naples fauna of Allegany county, Md.
Buchiola angolensis sp. nov.
Plate ro, fig. 29-33
Shell of large size for this genus, suborbicular or slightly oval; beak
somewhat anterior. Surface bearing as many as 17 ribs. The majority of
these are rounded in contour throughout their extent, but those on the
anterior slope show elevated marginal carinae and are slightly depressed on
the surface. The intervening furrows are low and narrow. The ribs are
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 301
crossed by very fine, elevated, retrally curved striae, which become crowded
toward the periphery. The striae also cross the furrows with a downward
curve and, though faint are clearly retained on well preserved sculpture
casts. Concentric periodical depressions frequently mark the surface, inter-
rupting the ribs and at times making a conspicuous feature.
The species is well characterized and readily distinguished by its size
and surface characters. It is among the rarer forms of the genus.
Dimensions. Length and width of an average example 13 mm.
Flabztat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales at Angola, Erie co., and on Farnham creek, 3 miles southwest of. that
place.
Buchiola lupina sp. nov.
Plate x0, fig. 34-36
Shell quite small, obliquely oval, notably narrowing anteriorly. Car-
dinal line straight, anterior angle large. Surface regularly convex, not
greatly elevated in sculpture casts; depressed abruptly in front, more grad-
ually behind; with 11 to 13 rounded ribs, slightly depressed above, and
with narrow, shallow, intervening furrows. The concentric lines are fine,
sharply elevated and closely crowded and on the ribs make a low and broad
retral curve. These striae are continued over the furrows with a downward
curve of about equal strength, but they are less sharply defined on these
areas. In this respect the sculpture of the species is like that of B. an-go-
lensis, but there is a notable difference in the species in form, size, and
number of plications.
Dimensions. Length of an average specimen 5 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the soft
shales at the mouth of Wolf creek near Mount Morris, in the lower Genesee
valley. Chautauqua subprovince. At Pontiac, Erie co.
Buchiola halli sp. nov.
Plate ro, fig. 15, 16
In the Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 70, fig. 9; 80, fig. 10,
Professor Hall included under the species Glyptocardia speciosa
302 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
some specimens of large size, twice the usual dimensions of G. speciosa
(B. retrostriata) which are distinctly different from that species in the
following respects of ornamentation. The ribs, generally not more than
12, are elevated and bounded by vertical margins which the transverse orna-
ment does not pass. In the umbonal region these ribs bear retrally curved
nodes of irregular size though in regular zonal arrangement, and all quite
large and conspicuous, giving the surface a scabrous aspect. Toward the
margins these nodes become suppressed and the surface acquires the char-
acter usual throughout in B. retrostriata. Fine concentric and
regular lines cover the coarser nodes. The grooves between the ribs are
concave and smooth.
The character of this ornament suggests that of B. scabrosa, but is
much less regular, the margins of the ribs are here elevated, and the shell
much larger. It is even more closely allied to B. ferruginea Holzapfel *
from the middle Devonic (Stringocephlenkalk) of Martenberg, also
described and figured by Beushausen.* This shell is also small but it has
the ribs with elevated margins and nodose, if somewhat more regular, sur-
face not shading out toward the margin. One of the depauperated and
arrested shells described by Loomis from the pyrite layer at the horizon of
the Tully limestone is such a scabrous shell of Buchiola, representing an
early growth stage of this species or perhaps of B. halli It is interesting
to note that this coarse nodose ornament is a character of primitive growth
and, as shown by adult shells both of B. halli and B. scabrosa, becomes
obsolete in senile stages.
Dimensions. Average specimens measure 11 mm in length and ro mm
in hight.
Occurrence. In the Marcellus shale near Skaneateles+ and in the
Hamilton shales at Shurger’s glen and Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake.
Buchiola cf, priimiensis Steininger (sp.)
Plate ro, fig. 18, 19
See Cardium prumiense Steininger, Geognost. Beschreibung der Eifel. 1853.
p- 51, pl. 3, fig. 3
Buchiola priimiensis Beushausen, Die Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895.
p. 336, pl. 34, fig. 13, 14
The sandy shales of Erie county have afforded a few specimens of a
shell characterized by its suborbicular form, low flattened ribs, 12 to 15 in
*Das obere Mitteldev. im rhein. Gebirge. 1895. p. 229, pl. 11, fig. 16.
Die Lamellilbr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. p. 329, pl. 35, fig. 4-6.
IN. Y. State: Pal. Rept. 1963) “plz, we.
4Pall IN. Yo.) 20G, ci. ple iO,mie= 19)
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 303
number, its very narrow sulci and fine concentric lines, which together per-
mit of its comparison with Beushausen’s portraiture of Buch. prumien-
sis. In itself the shell is distinguished readily from its associates and it
seems to approximate most nearly in its specific traits to B. retro-
striata, with which it is not, to our knowledge; associated in the western
region. From that species it may be distinguished by its less transversely
oval form, more numerous plications, and narrower furrows. The retral
lines on the ribs are low and perhaps not so numerous as in B. prumien-
sis; on the anterior slope of the shell these concentric lines are clearly
visible on the furrows.
Over the body of the shell the ribs are depressed convex and become
slightly concave about the periphery, the edges showing a decided tend-
ency to elevation. Our specimens consist of internal and external casts of
the same shells, which show very little difference in the exactness of the
ornamental detail.
Flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. All specimens
observed are from the Big Sister and Farnham creeks in the vicinity of
Angola, Erie co. and the ravine at Java Village, Wyomingco. Buchiola
prumiensis is from the lower Upper Devonic at Oberscheld, Budes-
heim, and elsewhere.
PARACARDIUM Barrande. 1881
This name has been employed only for Siluric shells (Etage E of
Bohemia) except by Professor Hall, who referred to the genus the Devonic
species here mentioned, P. doris of the Genesee stage (Styliola lime-
stone). Little has been made of the genus because of its close similarity to
the genera Paracardium and Buchiola, into which in external characters it
seems gradually to pass. Yet the general expression of the Devonic shells
here embraced under this name is distinctive, and, so-far as external evidence
goes, they may with safety be referred to Paracardium. They are shells of
circular marginal outline, high and slightly projecting beaks and fine simple
radial ribs without other ornament. With regard to hinge structure Con.
rath* has indicated that the hinge line bears denticulations which have no
*Sitzb. der kais. Akad. der Wissensch. 1 Abth. 1887: p. 9.
304 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
relation to the sculpture ribs, but this observation was made on Siluric
shells, and we have been able to find no corresponding structure in the
delicate barite replacements derived from the Naples beds. These shells
are of diminutive size, and such cardinal features as they possess are very
obscure.
Paracardium doris Hall
Plate rr, fig. 5 - 10
Cardiola doris Hall, Paleontology x: ae York. 1883. v.5, pt 1, plates and
explanations, pl. 70, fig. 10, 11
Paracardium doris Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, p. 428,
pl. 70, fig. 10, 11
Shell very small, subcircular in outline when uncompressed, but usually
somewhat elongate transversely or obliquely. Beaks minute, incurved and
directed forward, umbones full and convex, the general contour of the shell
being rotund and regular. Hinge line quite short and but slightly inter-
rupting the regularity of the periphery. Surface covered with 20 to 25 fine
rounded ribs, separated by narrower furrows. Occasionally these ribs
show very faint traces of concentric lines. The shell rarely has a length
and breadth exceeding 4 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common in the
Styliola limestone in Ontario county and in the lower, soft shales of the
Naples beds in Yates, Ontario, Livingston and Genesee counties; in the
Wiscoy shale, Wiscoy creek, Allegany co.; it is rare farther west and has
not been seen in Erie and Chautauqua counties. The species also occurs
at Folks Mill and other localities in Allegany county, Md.
Paracardium delicatulum sp. nov.
Plate 11, fig. 4
Shell of about the same size as Parac. doris, beak nearly median,
outline transversely subcircular, extended slightly on the posterior margin.
Surface convex, the greatest elevation being along a median line from
the beak to the ventral margin. The ornamentation consists of a great
number, 60 or more, of fine, filiform radiating lines.
/Tabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This is a rare
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 305
species and has been found in New York only in the Styliola limestone
on Canandaigua lake, but it occurs also in the Naples fauna of Allegany
county, Md.
Genus prarcarpium Barrande. 1881
The shells for which Barrande established this genus are extremely
well characterized by their oblique form, truncated anterior extremity and
simple, sparse ribs, generally narrow and rectangular in cross section, with
broad intervening furrows. We find, however, that apart from these
typical forms there are variations in all of the essential details which
indicate deviation from the type toward structures common to Ontaria,
Buchiola ete. Thus while the upper Devonic fauna under discussion
contains an abundant locaiized development of the typical species, P. vet us-
tum Hall, there are other forms which it is necessary to separate from this
species, in which is presented a more or less sharp duplication of the ribs
and somewhat less oblique form and yet no variant sufficient to withdraw
the species from the genus. The most widely distributed of the species is
the Praecardium vetustum, which has been identified by Beushau-
sen in the lower Upper Devonic of Westphalia, but in America has not been
found outside the western Portage subprovince in the vicinity of Lake Erie.
In regard to the structure of the hinge in Praecardium, Barrande repre-
sented a rather high area bearing a number of vertical riblets which
terminate at the hinge line in denticles. Though these were characterized
by him as ‘‘teeth,” it has been suggested by both Neumayr and Conrath
that they are actually representatives of the radial ribs of the surface
extending about and beneath the beak and their interlocking terminations
and, though homologous with teeth, are not analogous thereto. The
structure represented both by Barrande and Conrath is parallel with what
we have occasionally found, with other writers, in species of Buchiola, and
have elsewhere discussed, but whether or not these exist in the typical
Bohemian species of Praecardium, our observations are in entire accord
with those of Beushausen, who remarks that in the best preserved speci-
mens of P. vetustum from the Rhenish Devonic there is no trace what-
4
306 ] NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ever of these teethlike structures nor of any plications or ribs on the
cardinal area. We find the area to be rather high, concave and quite
smooth. This part of the shell has been seen only in the species P.
Vee EWS tallins
Praecardium vetustum Hall
Plate 11, fig. 11-19
Cardium? vetustum Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843.
p. 245, tab. 107, fig. 2
Cardiola vetusta (Hall) Miller, Cat. North American Paleozoic Fossils. 1877.
p. 186
Praecardium vetustum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1,
p. 427, pl. 70, fig. 18-20
Praecardium vetustum Beushausen, Abhandl. der k6nigl. Preuss. Geolog.
Landesanst. N. F. 1895. Heft 17, p. go1, pl. 31, fig. 6, 7
This species was early described as derived from the Portage shales on
the shore of Lake Erie, and also from Cashaqua creek and the Genesee
river. It would appear that at the time of preparation of the Paleontology
of New York, 5: 1, as above cited, representatives of the species were
recognized only from the Lake Erie shore near Portland Harbor, and, so
far as our personal knowledge extends, the species is strictly localized to
the western region.
The characters of the shell are well defined, its highly oblique and
subtriangular form, its abrupt anterior cardinal slope and coarse, broad, flat,
sharply defined ribs, and equally broad and flat furrows, distinguishing it.
It presents some variation in the number of its ribs, which are from g to 15
in adult shells. According to Hall these show a tendency to duplication
near the margin, but no such tendency is observable in our material. The
existence of a very fine concentric ornament is evident on all specimens.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua.subprovince. Common in
the soft shales at Barcelona (Portland Harbor), Correll’s point, Lake Erie,
and Forestville (Walnut creek, Terry’s ravine), Chautauqua co. ; Gowanda,
Cattaraugus co. Rare at all outcrops farther east and not known outside
this subprovince.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 307
The specimens of this species described by Beushausen are from the
Goniatite beds at Nehden, and a variety of the same, larger and more
abundantly plicated (var. clymeniae), is from the Clymenia kalk of the
Enkeberg. This author regards the Cardiola nehdensis Kayser‘ as
belonging to this species.
Praecardium melletes sp. nov.
Plate 11, fig. 20
This is a small shell rendered oblique by the narrow, projecting
umbone. It is similar in aspect to P. vetustum, the plications being
broad, flat and simple, and the grooves of the same character, but it bears
only six of these plications. Though P. vetustum varies in the number
of its ribs, we have seen no typical example of it in which the number falls
below nine, and, as the increase in these simple ribs ceases at a very early
growth stage, P. melletes may represent an arrested condition at adult
growth. The single valve observed has a length of 7.5 mm and a width
of 6 mm.
Flabztat. From the sandstone slabs at the top of the Portage shales,
at the falls in Terry’s ravine, Forestville, Chautauqua co. If this species
was ever a member of the Intumescens fauna, it has loitered here after the
disappearance of that fauna and is associated with a true Chemung com-
bination Vivi that ca imlbonata, lyatiopectem triradiat us,
~Crenipecten glaber, Athyriscora, Orthis cf. leonensis, ete.
Praecardium duplicatum Miinster (sp.)
Plate xz, fig. 25
Cardiola duplicata Miinster, Beitrage zur Petrefaktenkunde. 1840. Heft 3
. OF, fol. Wy. Hie, Boa, ls jolly wa. se, On
Canad owlam cusped ease Zenschien der deutsen. geol, Gesellsch, 1373"
DEP ORG, Dk Din, tals Zee ley (@)
Praecardium duplicatum Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog.
Kandesanst. Nia 1o954 Elett 17. p. 303, pl. 31, fig. 4 a
Shell of rather large size, with incurved beaks and prominent umbones,
which are strongly directed anteriorly and give the valves a marked obli-
* Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1873. 25: 638.
308 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
quity. Surface strongly convex, probably when uncompressed decidedly
rotund in the umbonal region. Marginal outline subcircular, extended
somewhat posteriorly. The exterior is covered with sharp, broad and flat-
tened radial ribs, which are separated by furrows of about the same width.
Even in the early stages of growth these ribs are divided in the middle by
a depressed area, which becomes more conspicuous with growth, and
eventually on the pallial margin attain almost the depth of the intercostal
furrows. The margins of the ribs thus divided are sharply erect. From
14 to 19 of these duplicate ribs may be counted.
On the anterior cardinal slope there seems to be a slight variation in
the character of these ribs, and, in passing from the ventral to the anterior
margin, one of the edges of the double plication appears to be magnified at
the expense of the other, with the result that the earliest plications on the
cardinal slope appear as simple and alternate in size. A very fine concen-
tric ornament crosses all plications and is most sharply developed on the
intercostal furrows.
Length and width of the largest specimen 17 mm.
There is little reason to doubt the identity of this species with Prae-
card. duplicatum as described and figured by Beushausen. Yet the
character of our specimens shows with more force than do those of that
author close affiliation of the shell to Buchiola and their deviation from
Praecardium in the less abrupt anterior slope, the elevated margins of the
plications and the nature of the festooned concentric ornament.
Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. The two speci-
mens found are in a dark sandy shale from Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville,
Wyoming co.
The German specimens of the species are from the Clymeniakalk of
Gottendorf and the Enkeberg, Westphalia.
Praecardium multicostatum sp. nov.
Plate 11, fig. 21-24
Shell subcircular or somewhat oblique but less so than in the other
species described. Beak anterior and anterior cardinal slope abrupt. Sur-
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 309
face regularly convex and distinctly elevated in the umbonal region. Orna-
ment consisting of about 19 sharply defined, flattened ribs, which near the
pallial margin are not so broad as the interspaces. These ribs are divided
on their summit by a low median depression, which leaves the edges promi-
nent, and of the same character as in Praecard. duplicatum, though
their duplication is not so pronounced. On the posterior cardinal slope,
which is depressed and flattened, the ribs retain a simple character, while
the broad anterior slope is quite smooth. Traces of a minute concentric
striation are seen on the surface of internal casts. An undistorted speci-
men has a length of 10 mm and width of 9.5 mm. .
This species is readily distinguished, and, like Praecard. dup li-
catum, shows an affiliation to Buchiola in its ornamentation.
Beushausen mentions and figures a valve of Praecardium sp.* which,
though larger than Praecard. multicostatum, resembles it in outline
and in the number of its plications. This, like the specimens of Praecard.
duplicatum, is from the Clymeniakalk of the Enkeberg.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales in the gorge of Walnut creek, Forestville, Chautauqua co.
puEttA Barrande. 1881
Plate 11, fig. 26-29
Species of this genus occur occasionally in the gray and black shales
of the Portage formation and the black shales of the Genesee. The speci-
mens in our collections serve solely to indicate the presence of distinct
forms, but are not well enough preserved to justify an attempt at descrip-
HOnne wbheGer are
1 A small orbicular species having about the dimensions and outline
common to Ontaria suborbicularis, with 25 to 30 coarse plications,
which has been found in the gray shales at the base of the Naples beds on
Canandaigua lake.
2 A large and quite oblique species with broad, coarse ribs, 28 to 30 in
number, on the anterior slope and finer ribs posteriorly, which has a hight
On Clim We Bons Oa Giri, 1a, Ly
310 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and length of about 50 mm. This is from a bituminous layer of the
Genesee, at Iron Bridge Mills, Cayuga creek, Erie co.
3 An oblique ovate shell of intermediate proportions and finer ribs, 40
to 45 in number, crossed by faint concentric striae. Valves of this species
have a length and hight of 30 mm. These have been found in the Genesee
shales just above the Styliola limestone, Seneca point, Canandaigua lake.
conocarpium Bronn, 1835
Conocardium gowandense sp. nov.
Plate 12, fig. 35, 36
This only species of the genus Conocardium in the Intumescens fauna,
is represented by but a single specimen, the right valve. This however
retains the form and surface characters sufficiently to justify description.
Shell small, elongate triangular, posterior extension relatively long and
quite gradually tapering. Anterior extremity abruptly concave, delimited
by a broad crested plication which has an oblique direction from the beak
downward. Hinge line nearly straight in front of the beak.
The body or medial portion of the valve bears three stout flattened
ribs, excluding the anterior one, and in the first intervening space are one
or two lesser ones with intercalated fine radial lines. Over the posterior
extension of the valve the ribs are simple, stout, not flattened, and of sub-
equal size. <A very fine concentric striation of elevated lines covers both
plications and grooves, and is specially developed on the grooves of the
median portion of the shell. With considerable enlargement exceedingly
fine radial lines may be seen on the upper surface of the flat plications.
The dimensions of the valve are: greatest length 16 mm; hight, 9 mm;
length on anterior carina 10 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. From the
arenaceous slabs at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 311
paLAEonEIto Hall. 1870
Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad
Plate 1s, fig. 9-13
Nuculites constricta Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 1842. 8: 240,
pl. 15, fig. 8
Nucula bellula Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 97,
tab. 78, fig. 7 %
Palaeoneilo constricta Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1,
Zep esoen Pla 40, eet TOs ples tile 7
This species, common in the Hamilton fauna of western New York,
was identified and figured by Professor Hall from the Portage beds of
Portland Harbor (Barcelona) on the Lake Erie shore, Chautauqua co.
We find the species to be quite abundant at certain localities in the soft
shales of that region though rare farther east and not yet recognized as far
eastward as the Genesee river. All the characters presented by the Ham-
ilton shell are well expressed in these later representatives. The species is
also common in the Ithaca fauna of central New York, but is not known in
the geographic interval at this horizon between Cayuga lake and Chau-
tauqua county. In the localities of the latter region the shell is associated
with Praecardium vetustum, Lunulicardium of various species and
the general fauna of the province.
Flabitat. (Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Portland Har-
bor (Hall), Correll’s point near Brocton, and Forestville, Chautauqua co.
Palaeoneilo petila sp. nov.
Plate 15, fig. 1-8
This little shell in some features is similar to P. constricta, having a
sinuous posterior extremity and the arrangement of the ligament pits as in
that species. It is however always small, transversely ovate, never so broad
as in P. constricta; beak behind the anterior third of the length, ante-
rior margin subelliptic, basal margin convex, broadly curved, often with an
interruption to this curvature caused by the projection of the low umbonal
ridge ; narrowing behind to a subattenuate posterior extremity and emar-
312 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ginate by the posterior sinus. Postcardinal slope long and oblique. Sur-
face convex on the umbones, sloping rather abruptly to the front margin;
behind, the surface is sinused by a broad, low depression which brings into
prominence a postmedian umbonal ridge. Specimens from the shales and
the barite replacements indicate that the surface was smooth or with obscure
concentric growth lines. This condition is clearly shown in most of our
figures. Only one, an incomplete replacement, shows that over the poste-
rior part of the shell the concentric lines are well defined and elevated, but
not to such degree as in other species. On the interior, anterior and poste-
rior muscular scars, with thickened inner walls, are at times very sharply
defined. The cardinal area is broadly arched, the denticulations are all
vertical and decrease in size beneath the beak.
Dimensions. A specimen of full size has a length of 10 mm, hight 6.5,
thickness through conjoined valves 3.5 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon in
the soft shales of Livingston, Ontario and Yates counties. Chautauqua
subprovince. A single specimen has been obtained at Pontiac, Erie co.
Palaeoneilo muricata sp. nov.
Plate 15s, fig. 14, 15
Professor Hall described several specimens of Palaeoneilo from the
New York Devonic which bear two instead of one posterior sulcus outside
of the cardinal slope, P. bisulcata from the upper Chemung of Elmira,
P. muta and P. perplana of the Hamilton and Ithaca faunas, and of
these P. bisulcata and P. muta show evidence of having had the con-
centric lines of the surface produced and lamellate.
The little species now before us can hardly be referred to any of these
shells, as it is persistently of much smaller size and of somewhat different
outline. Its strikingly lamellose surface ridges were probably equaled in the
species cited, specially P. muta, but these characters have not been well
retained in the shale specimens with which alone we are acquainted.
Palaeoneilo muricata covers small subelliptic shells, subtruncate pos-
teriorly; beak prominent at anterior third of cardinal line, anterior extrem-
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Bue
ity short, regularly rounded, subsemicircular, basal margin transverse, poste-
rior margin doubly sinuate, postlateral angle obtuse and posterior hinge line
oblique and straight. Surface evenly convex over the body of the shell,
rising from the beak to about the middle of the valve, sloping broadly to
the basal margin and more abruptly in front. Posteriorly two furrows begin
near the beaks and widen outward, emarginating the periphery. These are
separated by a sharp ridge. Between the outer of these furrows and the
cardinal margin there is an abruptly sloping and distinctly sinused area
which is in effect a third furrow. On the interior the muscular scars are
hardly visible. The cardinal line is not regularly arched as in P. petila
but on its inner curvature reaches an apex from which the anterior margin
curves inward. The posterior row of denticles is long, the denticles being
chevron-shaped, growing small toward the beak till over the narrowest
part of the area just behind the beak they are minute. Beneath the beak
they turn at an oblique angle (not so acutely as in P. fecunda as rep-
resented by Hall*), and pass thence into the short anterior branch, which
carries only a few large denticulations. The ornament consists of simple,
distant and elevated lamellar concentric lines, which are specially extended
on the ridges bounding and dividing the posterior grooves.
Dimensions. Length 7 mm, hight 4 mm.
Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the shales about
Naples and Honeoye lake and as barite replacements in the concretions at
Whetstone gully, Livingston co.
Palaeoneilo brevicula sp. nov.
Plate xs, fig. x6
Shell small, subtrigonal, length and hight equal, basal margin deeply
convex with well marked constriction toward the posterior extremity.
Cardinal area subacutely arched, umbonal angle about 90°. Beaks nearly
median, anterior slope oblique and direct, curving narrowly to the broad
margin. Posterior slope somewhat longer than the anterior. Surface
IRAE IN. WO WS Gye in ws JOlle Oy tee oe
314 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
convex, posterior sinus strongly developed toward the margin. Sculptured
by fine, sharp, elevated concentric and continuous concentric lines.
Dimensions. Length and hight 4 mm.
Observations. This little shell approaches in outline some of the forms
which Hall assigned to his species P. brevis from the Ithaca and
Chemung beds, but it attains an even more trigonal expression than any of
them and indeed in respect to form expresses the most extreme aberration
observed among species of the genus.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. This rare
species has been seen only in the soft shales at forks of Cattaraugus creek,
Gowanda.
Palaeoneilo linguata sp. nov.
Plate 15, fig. 17-22
To this genus are referred provisionally a series of subplane shells of
characteristic outline and contour, though little has been made of their
cardinal structure, all being rather indistinct sculpture casts. The shells
are transversely elongate with broadly rounded anterior and_ tapering
posterior moiety; beak at about the anterior third, the margin in front
bending broadly outward in a semicircular curve, transverse on the basal
margin, passing to a sublinguate posterior extension and rounding thence
rather abruptly to a long, oblique and straight postcardinal slope. Contour
very depressed, almost flat over the entire surface, save along the hinge;
beak obscure. Surface usually quite smooth or with obscure traces of fine
concentric lines. The casts show by compression a hinge area bearing the
characteristic denticulations of the genus Palaeoneilo. The species is
similar in its marginal outline to P. elongata of the Ithaca fauna.
Dimensions. An average specimen has a length of 18 mm, a hight
of 10 mm.
FfTabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. These fossils,
obscure in all details of structure, are quite abundant in the soft sandy
shales at Forestville (Walnut creek and Terry’s ravine), Chautauqua co.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 315
tePtopomus McCoy. 1844
Leptodomus interplicatus sp. nov.
Plate 2, fig. 32-34
Though specimens of this species are not well preserved, they have
proved rather common at one horizon in the Naples subprovince and show
quite distinctive sculpture features. The shells are rather below medium
size for the genus, were transversely ovate in outline, widening posteriorly
and thence narrowing to the extremity. Beaks anterior and arched over
the hinge. Surface concentrically plicate or rugose on the anterior slopes.
These plications are simple near the extremity, but over the middle slope
they narrow and bifurcate or receive others of equal size in the intervals.
Passing backward both sets become rather abruptly obsolete and merge by
twos or threes into broad obscure wrinkles on the posterior slope. The
last, again, become wholly obsolete on the extremital surface, leaving it
quite smooth. The oblique median umbonal furrow on the shell is quite
obscure. The species may be compared in some respects of size and sur-
face with L. arcuatus Conrad of the Hamilton shales, but the features
described render it distinct.
Dimensions. An average shell has a length of about 30 mm and a
hight of 20 mm.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the higher
(Hatch) shales at Naples.
Leptodomus multiplex sp. nov.
Plate 12, fig. 30
This shell differs from the foregoing and other species of the genus in
a transversely elongate and narrow form, rather long, straight hinge, sub.
truncate posterior extremity and transverse basal margin. The beak is
anterior, and a low oblique median sulcus traverses the shell from beak to
base. The markings of the surface consist in narrow concentric plications
of subequal size over the body of the shell, and these are divided by the
sulcus, where for a short distance all become obsolete. In front, and over
316 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the anterior slope the plications incline to multiplication by bifurcation,
while over the posterior slope they gradually grow obsolete, leaving the
extremity smooth.
Dimensions. The single valve of this kind observed has a length of
35 mm and a hight of 17 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the dark
Rhinestreet shale at Naples.
mopretta Hall. 1884
Modiella sp. ?
Plate 12, fig. 31
A single specimen of this genus has been observed, representing a
small species like M. pygmaea Hall, with which it may prove to be iden-
tical. It presents the expanded posterior extremity, convex and broad post-
umbonal slope, oblique preumbonal depression and contracted convex
anterior extremity of that species, but does not show the fine radii in the
postumbonal slope.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the lower soft
shales at Naples.) Modiella pygmaea is common in the Hamilton
shales of central and western New York.
GASTROPODA
pteuRoTomARIA Defrance. 1824
The specific type of Pleurotomaria capillaria (Conrad) Hall,
which is a characteristic gastropod of the Hamilton fauna, is expressed by
shells with rather short spires and a surface ornament consisting of a few
(four or five) revolving ridges of unequal size crossed by retrally curved
concentric and finer ridges which form nodes at the points of intersection.
This style of sculpture is expressed in the Naples fauna with some variation
from that of P. capillaria and so persistently that we judge it wise to
indicate these departures under distinct specific titles, rather than as muta-
tions of the earlier species, for, while they may be, and perhaps the weight
of evidence would indicate that these are genetically derived from P.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Zy1U7),
capillaria, a similar type of structure was widespread in the Devonic,
and these may have come into the Naples region with the invading fauna.
Pleurotomaria capillaria Conrad cognata mut. (?) nov.
Plate 19, fig. 27=30
Shell of medium proportions, with rather rapidly tapering spire and
step-form volutions; attenuate. Whorls five to six, usually overlapping to
the slit band. The upper surface of each slopes rather directly outward for
more than one half its width and then falls away almost vertically to
the suture. The slit band is central, narrow, prominent with sharply
defined edges and depressed surface, is continuously exposed to the apex
and carries closely crowded, retrally bent concentric striae, which are here
more abundant than elsewhere on the surface.
The surface of the upper division of the whorls carries in early stages
two (second-third whorl) in later growth five (fourth whorl) and in full
growth six revolving ridges of unequal size. Of these that nearest the
slit band in early growth becomes the most prominent, though eventually
one or more ridges may intervene between it andthe band. This angulates
the whorls, changes the slope and effects the steplike contour. Next to this
in size is usually its companion of later introduction, then the other primi-
tive ridge nearer the suture is most prominent. On the under side of the
body whorl are from to to 15 low, flattened, revolving, raised striae of sub-
equal size; in old shells these may become obsolescent. Crossing these
revolving ridges of the upper surface are fine, sharp, elevated, concentric
lines, 60 to a whorl, directed backward parallel to the aperture and making
sharply elevated knots at the points of intersection. On the lower surface
these lines are closely crowded together and may become in old stages
fasciculate, nearly obliterating the revolving ridges.
These characters differ from those of P. capillaria in these respects:
The whorls of the latter are more regularly terraced by the revolving
lines, which are fewer and of more nearly equal size; the prominent knotted
line of P. cognata is in the former reduced in strength, and the concen-
tric lines are somewhat less in number.
318 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dimensions. A specimen of average size has a hight of 13 mm and a
diameter of body whorl of 11 mm.
flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the _ shales
about Naples, particularly in a thin crinoidal layer near the base of Hatch
hill; in the concretions on Honeoye lake. The species also occurs in a
nodular layer at the base of the Cashaqua shales at Lodi falls, Seneca co.,
at Bennettsburg and Beaver Dams, Schuyler co.
Pleurotomaria itylus sp. nov.
Plate 19, fig. 31, 32
Shell of medium or regularly large size, spire short, whorls four to
five (?), overlapped almost but not quite to the slit band; surface gently and
regularly sloping ; without angulation; slit band narrow. Upper surface of
whorls with numerous fine elevated concentric lines (probably more than
100 for each whorl) at quite regular intervals with smooth interspaces.
These slope backward to the periphery and are crossed by several (six to
eight) obscure revolving lines, at the intersection with which but low eleva-
tions are found. Below the slit band only the concentric lines are apparent.
This style of ornament approaches somewhat that of P. itys Hall of the
Hamilton fauna, in which the intersection of numerous revolving and con-
centric lines produces a tubercled exterior. In P. itylus the texture is
finer, and the revolving lines almost suppressed.
Dimensions. The single specimen observed has a hight and width of
14 mm.
Hlabctat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales of Walnut creek, Forestville.
Pleurotomaria ciliata sp. nov.
Plate 20, fig. 8-14
Shell quite small, spire short, volutions five. Whorls rendered step-
shaped by the prominence of the slit band, to the base of which overlap
occurs except on the final whorl, which may be more loosely wound. Slit
band relatively broad with sharp, angular, elevated, thin edges and slightly
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 319
concave surface covered with retrally curved striae. On the upper surface
of the whorls is a’single revolving elevated line between the suture and the
slit band. This is obscure on early whorls, becomes more prominent in
later growth, but is again obscure at full growth; faint trace of a second
revolving ridge may sometimes be observed. The surface is crossed by a
multitude of fine, hairlike, elevated concentric lines, which are raised into
small nodes at intersection with the revolving ridge, but between the latter
and the slit band are greatly obscured or lost. On the lower surface of the
outer whorl the fine concentric lines are closely crowded together and are
crossed by four to six very obscure revolving ridges.
Dimensions. An average example has a hight of 8 mm and diameter
of 7 mm.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common as
replacements. in the concretions of Whetstone gully, Conesus lake, and on
Honeoye lake.
Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov.
Plate 1g, fig. 33, 34; plate 20, fig. 1-7
Shell having the dimensions and outline of P. ciliata, from which it
differs in the character of its ornament. These shells have a narrow slit
band and bear two well defined and subequal revolving ridges on the upper
surface of the whorls, both of which are knotted by intersection with the
concentric elevated lines, the latter being much coarser and fewer than in
P. ciliata. On the lower surface of the whorls the concentric lines are
quite strong and distant, with intercalated additions near the slit band;
these are crossed by five or six revolving. lines, but. the intersections are
not sharply knotted.
Flabctat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very abundant in
places in the Styliola limestone. On Canandaigua lake and at Middlesex,
Nates.con Nt ae
320 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
BELLEROPHON Montfort. 1808 (sensu stricto)
Bellerophon koeneni sp. nov.
Plate 17, fig. 12-23
Bellerophon striatus (Ferussac & d’Orbigny) ? Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur.
Bull 16551835. ps23
cf. Bellerophon tuberculatus (Ferussac & d’Orbigny) d’Archiac & de Ver-
neuil, Geol. Soc. Lond. Trans. 2: 1842... Ser! v..6, pt 2, p. 353; pt 23) figyo
In the publication cited the writer noted the presence in the Styliola
limestone of a Bellerophon allied to the well known species of the Rhenish
middle Devonic, B. striatus. Additional material acquired since that
date indicates that it would prove unsafe to insist on identity in the species
here concerned. There are four typical Bellerophons besides B. koeneni
which we may specify, all of the same form and bearing surface characters
of close similarity but of some difference in combination. These are
B. striatus Fer. and d’Orb., B. tuberculatus d’Orb. of the Middle
Devonic, B. alutaceus d’Orb., lower Upper Devonic, and B. maera
Hall of the Chemung. These are all round and compact shells with but
slight apertural expansion (in this respect typical Bellerophons), and their
ornament consists either of tubercles without concentric striations or of a
combination of the two features. Thus B. tuberculatus and B. maera
are coarsely and regularly tubercled over all the surface, and in the latter
the slit band itself is sometimes broken up into such tubercles. In B. stri-
atus the concentric striae make themselves evident in crossing the tuber-
cles but not quite to the extinction of the latter. In B. alutaceus the
tuberculation is fine and the striae more obscure. In B. koeneni we find
in adult stages the tubercles, which are quite coarse, arranged with more or
less regularity in rows which converge backward to the slit band; these
tubercles are often elongated in the direction of the row, and not infre-
quently adjacent ones are. fused. Toward the peristome the very faint
concentric lines of the body of the shell become more sharply defined as
scaly laminae, specially about the umbilicus. The slit band is narrow and
bears a succession of thickened festoons directed backward, but which do
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 321
not take on the form of tubercles as in B. maera. In younger stages of
this species the tuberculation is relatively finer, and the form of the shell
less stout than in the adult condition; and herein is found a very close
approach, if not‘identity of character to the species B. alutaceus F. A.
Roemer from the lower Upper Devonic (Hartz). Ina still earlier growth
stage the tubercles are absent, and the surface bears only sharp concentric
lines in strong contrast to the ultimate ornament. The aperture is not
expanded, but the inner lip is so reflexed as to close the umbilicus and leave
a smooth callus over the early part of the final whorl. The callus, however,
is rather thin and is restricted to later growth, so that young shells expose
the tubercled surface, and in adult shells broken back the young whorls
usually display some evidence of tuberculation and of the slit band.
Dimensions. An adult specimen has a diameter laterally across the
aperture of 24 mm and vertically of 15 mm. .
Flabitat. Genesee province ; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon in
the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake and at Middlesex, Yates co. A
single specimen has been collected from the Naples shales at Plum creek,
Himrod’s, Yates co.
Bellerophon denckmanni sp. nov.
Plate 17, fig. 24-28
Shell small, spire very narrow, closely enrolled, dorsal surface of whorls
sloping from the slit band. Final whorl rather rapidly expanding but
not explanate at the aperture. Inner lip slightly reflexed, forming an
expansion over the whorl but not always closing the umbilicus. Slit band
prominent, flat, with elevated margins, specially on younger stages, not
crossed by concentric lines except near the aperture. Surface with con-
centric and revolving elevated lines; on the early whorls only the former
are well defined and these are stout, subequally distant, bending back along
the slit band; the revolving lines appear near the beginning of the final
volution, grow stronger with age, while the concentric lines become pro-
gressively more obscure, so that in final stages the revolving lines are most
conspicuous but are crossed and cancelated by the concentric lines at
increasing intervals.
322 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dimensions. The largest shells of this species measure 4.5 mm in
length and about the same in hight (diameter of aperture).
This well characterized species bears somewhat the same type of orna-
ment of B. leda Hall and other species of the Hamilton fauna which carry
expanded aperture and do not properly appertain to Bellerophon in its
restricted meaning.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola
limestone, Bristol, Ontario co., and at Middlesex, Yates co.
pHracmostoma Hall. 1861
The history of this name and the reason for employing it may be
briefly stated. In the Paleontology of New York, 1847, 1: 183, James Hall
introduced the name Carinaropsis for a group of bellerophontids from the
Trenton limestone. In subsequently discussing this and allied genera,’ he
states that the genus was founded on the external characters presented
by a few specimens. -‘“ These are, the usually attenuated spire, the
abruptly expanding body volution, and shallow cavity, giving the shell a
patelloid aspect. To this may be added the character (perhaps not con-
stant) of an attenuated carina upon the dorsum.” It is evident that the
internal characters of these shells were not known when the genus was
erected. Having subsequently received from the Lower Siluric beds of
Tennessee and Indiana, specimens bearing the external characters enumer-
ated and showing besides a kind of transverse plate or septum on the inner
lip, Hall suggested that, in case this latter character was not present in the
typical forms of Carinaropsis, these shells be designated by the term Phrag-
mostoma, and he proceeded to describe two species of these shells as C.
(Phragmostoma) cunulae and GC. (P.) cymbula ihe onemal
of Carinaropsis however did prove to bear this septum, and hence, so far as
this original employment of the term Phragmostoma is concerned, it was
synonymous with the former name. The next use of the term was its
employment by the same author? for the species we are about to discuss,
™N. Y. State Cab: Nat. Hist) r4th/An: Rept. 1661. ‘pr ge:
2N. Y. State Cab. Nat, Hist. 15th An. Rept, 1862. p. Go:
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART Z 323
P. natator, and here the name is used without qualification... Though
here employed for a fossil from the soft Portage or Cashaqua shales which
had been determined by Hall in 18432 as Bellerophon expansus?
Sow., the name now takes on a new value. The description is a very clear
characterization of the species, and it is here cited as from the shales on
Cashaqua creek.2 Waagen employed the term Phragmostoma,‘ but failed
to make a clear generic distinction between that division and Patellostium,
then introduced as new, for seamless forms having a greatly expanded
flaring aperture. The type species taken for the latter genus was F.
Roemers Bellerophon macrostoma. De Koninck employed
the term Phragmostoma with P. natator as type, which, as observed,
is not the original application of the term. Koken likewise has made
"In the explanation to plate 6 of this work, Hall referred three of the figures (12-14)
to this species which are not P. natator but P. cymbula. (See the correction of this
enroming bale Nave vase ptees ps oS):
2 Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. p. 244, fig. 3.
3 It is also stated to occur in the “shales of the Hamilton group in Chenango county.”’
This may either be a locality in the Hamilton beds or in the Ithaca beds, for the fossils of
the latter were for years confused with those of the beds below. For ourselyes, we have
never seen the species from any locality of either formation.
The Ithaca (Central Portage) fauna does however contain a species, suggestive of
Bell. patulus in general proportions and size, with broadly explanate aperture, but
with a definite slit band and a very distinct, flat, unthickened transverse plate across the
opening from the inner lip.
The cuts on plate 16 show the nature of this septum, its doubly crescentic inner
margin and the longitudinal impressed line which divides it medially, forking proximally
and probably receiving the inner whorl in the fork. The outer surface apparently bore
faint revolving lines in pairs as in Bell. leda of the Hamilton fauna, but these do not
always manifest themselves on sculpture casts. Bellerophon leda is devoid of
septum or greatly calloused lip. We see no reason for not regarding this species as a
genuine Carinaropsis, even though shells of the genus have not been observed before in
faunas later than Lower Siluric. This shell is figured under the designation Carina-
ropsis ithagenia.
4 Paleontologia Indica. ser. 13. 1880. nt 2, p. 131.
324 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
use of the name, though somewhat vaguely. In 1879 Hall, in rede-
scribing Bell. natator abandoned the term Phragmostoma evidently in
favor of the Siluric species which he originally called Carinaropsis. E. O.
Ulrich in the Paleontology of Minnesota, 1897, Vv. 3, p. 854, emends Waagen’s
Patellostium to include what that author intended by the two terms Patel-
lostium and Phragmostoma and suggests that a number of American species
pertain thereto, among others Bell. patulus Hall (Hamilton) and B.
natator. Ina papersubmittted for publication in 1892 but not published
till 1900,* the writer pointed out the differences in the structure of Patellos-
tium and Bell. patulus, both seamless shells with expanded peristomes
in the former entire, in the latter broadly emarginate on the outside and
transected by a granulose callus on the inner lip. The latter also has con-
centric but no revolving surface lines and narrowly umbilicated whorls. It
was there proposed to designate species of the type of B. patulus by the
term Ptomatis, of which one species from the Ereré sandstone (P. forbesi)
was described.
In a recent paper? Drevermann has described a species as Bell.
(Phragmostoma) rhenanus which bears an explanate body whorl
with an emarginate outer lip, and fine revolving striae cancelated by con-
centric lines, but without any thickening of the inner lip or any transverse
septum. It is hence not a Phragmostoma. The species is compared by
the author with B. patulus Hall, with which it seems to agree in all
essentials, B. patulus however bearing no revolving striae.* The author
«Pal. NY, «v5, pi 2,up. 10s.
The Palaeozoic Fauna of Para, Brazil: Archivos do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro,
10:75 (author’s reprint, p. 41).
3Die Fauna der Untercoblenzschichten von Oberstadtfelt bei Daun in der Eifel,
1902. [Paleontographica, 49: 76]
+'l'wo illustrations of the same specimen of B. patulus given in Pal. N. Y. v. 5, pt
2, pl. 22, fig. 20; pl. 26, fig. 12, are misleading in this respect. The specimen has been
laterally compressed, and as a result the surface longitudinally wrinkled. Normally the
species shows no revolving lines, while the transverse lines take the form of broad unin-
terrupted festoons.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 325
is in error in stating that Hall ever applied the name Phragmostoma to
such shells. In the characters indicated above as peculiar to the Genus
Ptomatis, Bell rhenanus is apparently in accord, except for the
presence of revolving surface lines, and it may be quite properly
associated with Ptomatis patula and Pt. forbesi.
Returning then to the standing of the term Phragmostoma, we may
observe that, as in its original use it has proved a synonym of Carinaropsis,
it is quite legitimate to employ it for the species B. natator, the only form
except those of Carinaropsis to which its author applied the term. As the
first and second species ascribed to Phragmostoma belong to another genus,
the third (P. natator) will serve as the type species. In this sense we
revive and delimit the term.
Diagnosts. Shells with short spiral, very broadly expanded peristome,
transected on the inner margin by the penultimate whorl, narrow and
sharply defined slit band. Surface with revolving lines, sometimes with
low lateral carinae. The callus on the inner lip is thick, flattened and
angular on its inner edge, and thus has a wedge-shaped appearance, which
when under compression appears septiform, but does not make a true
septum or transverse plate.
Phragmostoma natator Hall
Plate 36; figs
Bellerophon expansus (Sow.?) Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth
dist. 1843. p. 244, fig. 3
FneaacMinOsO Mid aieaita tOmekialk Names state Cab. Nat ust) “ith An. Rept
1862. p. 60 (not pl. 6, fig. 12-14)
Phragmostoma natator Hall, Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 1876. pl. 23,
fig. 12
Bellerophon natator Hall, Paleontology of New York. -1885. v. 5, pt 2,
p. 108, pl. 24, fig. 1
Bic Meno ionuenatiatonmeClankemUn ouGeol. our Bull 16: 18855. p. 52
The original specimen of Bell. expansus Hall was a portion of the
aperture and final whorl, the spiral being destroyed, in a quite characteristic
style of preservation in the soft Portage shales. That subsequently figured
in the Paleontology of New York was a similar fragment stated to be from
326 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the Hamilton shales, and, if the locality record is correct, it is probably
from the Ithaca fauna of Chenango county and may be a fragment of our
species, Carinaropsis ithagenia.,
Diagnosis. Shell of medium size. In early growth the whorls are
involute, narrow, regularly convex and umbilicate ; inner lip always slightly
calloused; at mature growth the last whorl is abruptly and greatly
expanded, the margin of the aperture generally assuming a transversely
subcordate outline, the sides approaching anteriorly and the greatest diam-
eter of the peristome being back of the middle. The lip is reflected back-
ward over the calloused penultimate whorl or may be transected by it. It
is this reflection of the inner peristome that closes the umbilicus on the last
volution. The callus in the adult condition is developed into a transversely
septiform projection, entering the interior cavity. This takes the form of a
plate thickened axially both on the upper and under sides and excavated or
thin at the sides. The median thickening is pinched together and narrowed
and projects farthest. The entire structure when the shell is compressed in
the shale gives the impression of a platform similar to that in Carinaropsis,
but it is of quite different character. The slit band is narrow with elevated
margins; it makes a deep emargination on the outer lip and is clearly
defined over the entire final volution, but is seldom visible on young shells.
Surface smooth or with only fine lines and festoons concentric to the
margin.
Dimensions. In an average specimen the aperture has a vertical diam-
eter (width) of 18 mm and a horizontal diameter (hight) of 23 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very common in
the soft shales of the lower part of the group at and about Naples and at
localities in Livingston county ; also on Cashaqua creek. In the eastern
region at Bennettsburg and Beaver Dams, Schuyler co. In the Styliola
limestone, Canandaigua lake.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 327
Phragmostoma incisum Clarke
Plate 16, fig. 7-17
BEE TOP MOm 1mCugus Clank, U.S. Geol, Suis, IWialk wo.” wes. jek Ee
Shell having about the proportions of Ph. natator with small con-
cealed spire and broadly expanded peristome. The latter however has not
the subcordate outline of P. natator with its sloping lateral margins, but
is quite regularly. elliptic transversely. The final and inner whorls also are
depressed on top and have a shouldered appearance, while in the allied
species they are more evenly convex. In early stages the shell is umbilicate,
but the umbilicus is covered in the final stages of volution by the reflexion
of the inner lip. In this species the septiform callus is even more highly
developed than in P.natator and has the same contour, thick medially,
depressed laterally, the median portion projecting conspicuously inward.
The slit band is narrow, well defined on the body whorl and sometimes
visible on earlier volutions. It makes but a relatively slight emargination
on the outer lip.
Surface covered by fine, incised revolving lines, seven or eight on each
side of the slit band on the last whorl before apertural expansion begins.
These may increase in number outward and become obscure. The seam
itself, except in its final stage, may carry one or more of these lines.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is
quite as abundant in localities of the soft shale about Naples and in Living-
ston county, in the concretions on Honeoye lake and in the Whetstone
gully on Conesus lake. It is also present in the Styliola limestone on
Canandaigua lake.
Phragmostoma cf. triliratum Hall (sp.)
Plate 16, fig. 6
See Bellerophon (Phragmostoma?) tricarinata Hall, Illustrations of
Devonian Fossils. 1876. pl. 22
Bellerophon triliratus Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v.5, pt 2,
p- 117, pl. 24, fig. 2, 16-19
A single specimen of rather large size shows in part the characters of
this species, having the narrow, well defined slit band accompanied on either
328 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
side by a distinct fold which reaches part way across the body whorl and
gives a squared outline to the early part of the same whorl. This specimen
however shows but very obscure traces of revolving striae, which are given
as a characteristic feature of the species. Phragmostoma triliratum
is cited from the Chemung fauna of Steuben county, N. Y.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Hamilton gully,
Honeoye lake.
Phragmostoma chautauquae sp. nov.
Plate 17, fig. r-zr
cf. Bellerophon striatus (Phil.) Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth
dist. 1843.- -p. 246, fig. -107,°7
Shell somewhat larger than other species of the genus, with narrow
spire rapidly widening to medium broad body and thenceforward abruptly
expanding to the aperture, which is scarcely explanate. Dorsum angular,
sides sloping thence rather abruptly with a slightly concave surface. Slit
band very narrow, often obliterated by slight lateral compression, which
changes it to a median keel. The emargination of the anterior edge pro-
duced by the slit band is quite deep. The inner lip of the peristome is
reflected over the ultimate whorl, and a projecting flattened callus is formed
on this surface, not extending however as far into the inner cavity as in the
species P. natator and P. incisum. Surface of the adult with only
fine regular and crowded concentric growth lines.
Young conditions, however, display a quite different style of ornamen-
tation. The early whorls are covered with fine revolving elevated striae,
-which are closely set and traverse the entire surface, covering to obliteration
the place of the slit band. These fine lines, with later growth, become
interrupted and broken up into series of more or less completely discon-
nected tubercles, which at times press together from adjoining rows.
Eventually the arrangement of these tubercles is made more distinct by the
appearance of concentric lines, and in this stage the former clearly appear
as the result of cancelation of the surface. Meanwhile, with the introduc-
tion of the concentric lines, the slit band has come into prominence, the
concentric lines looping backward on its surface. Gradually the traces of
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 329
the revolving lines disappear, and the concentric striae become closely
crowded, till they alone are apparent in final growth stages on the usually
exposed surface of the shell. The species presents thus all stages in the
variation of ornamentation; indicates that revolving lines are, in this
stock, suggestive of immature conditions and qualifies the value of
attempts at generic distinction on the basis of variation in this feature and
even in the permanency of the slit band. Umbilication is maintained
throughout these early stages, but is lost with the development of mature
conditions and the formation of the internal callus.
Dimensions. Vhe only specimen observed which affords a clue to the
outline of the peristome measures 16 mm in width and 22 mm in hight.
Usually only the body of the shell is preserved, many of the specimens
indicating larger size than this. ;
Observations. This species is placed with the genus Phragmostoma on
account of its explanate peristome and well developed callus, which is hardly
septiform but approaches in development that of the typical species. The
exterior markings as usually preserved show marked similarity to those of
B. nactus Hall of the Chemung fauna, but the latter, so far as we can
judge from the type specimens, hardly appertains to the genus Phragmos-
toma, the aperture apparently not being expanded, and the slit band
making a very deep emargination of the anterior margin extending for
fully one half of the final whorl.
The original specimen referred to Bellerophon striatus Phillips
by Hall, as above cited, seems to represent the proximal portion of the final
volution in this species and shows the regular concentric striations.
Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Common in
the soft shales at Forestville, Smith’s Mills, at Correll’s point, Lake Erie,
near Brocton and at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., Cattaraugus creek at
Versailles, Cattaraugus co.
330 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
troprpocyctus De Koninck. 1883 (emend. Clarke. 1899)
In the Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 1899, 10:72
(39) * the writer made the following comments on this genus and its allies:
In the Proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Sczences (1866, 1:9) the
! late Mr F. B. Meek introduced the name Tropidiscus for bellerophont
HII shells having the ‘structure of B. curvilineatus Conrad, of the Cornif-
1H erous limestone; that is, lentiform, sharply keeled and deeply involute
HHH shells without expanded aperture or peripheral seam and with rather coarse
Hi) concentric growth wrinkles. The name proved to have been already in use,
and in a later publication of the same year’ the author emended it to Tropi-
dodiscus and regarded a second species, there described as Bellerophon
cyrtolites Hall, from the Lower Carboniferous (Kinderhook) limestone,
as belonging to the same group.
| Later, De Koninck rejected Meek’s term on the ground of preoccu-
Wit pancy and introduced, to take its place, the name Tropidocyclus,? also
| adopting B. curvilineatus as the type of the group. This act was
not required by any law of nomenclature, and Mr Meek’s name as emended
HN should stand as originally characterized by him. Of the three species which
| | y De Koninck referred to his Tropidocyclus, none can be regarded as congen-
HI] eric with Conrad’s species. All are small, with broader and more expanding
body whorl, narrow umbilici and faint, lateral, revolving furrows, producing
| a slightly trilobed exterior. The dorsal ridge is seamless, narrow and
pronounced, and the surface marked by fine, sharp, concentric, elevated
striae which follow the curvature of the peristomal margin, that is, are
sinuous on the lateral slopes and make a deep retral subangular curve on
the dorsum.
i The desirability of separating such forms as these from the peculiar
| B. curvilineatus will, I believe, be admitted by students, and I there-
| fore propose to adopt De Koninck’s term, restricting it to such species as
Hi) he described. Of these, T. rotula* is the first in order, though I think
his T. gratiosus5 better exhibits the characteristics of the group. These
shells differ from the Devonian species here referred to Bucaniella, in their
lateral appression, narrow dorsum, small umbilici and, conspicuously, in the
character of their ornamentation.
| *Molluscos devonianos do estado do Para, Brazil.
i Geological Survey of Illinois. Pal. 1866. 2: 160.
3Faune du calcaire carbonifére de la Belgique. 1883. pt 4, p. 123.
iti} 4 Op. cit. pl. 43, fig. 5-8.
| 5Op cit. pl. 42 bis. fig. 44-48.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 331
The proper designation for the latter type of shell, if obscured by
De Koninck, has been still further embarrassed by the employment of the
term Oxydiscus by Koken and by Ulrich for species with a distinctly
seamed back, like B. curvilineatus, though by Ulrich the name is made
to cover those which are seamless. :
In the American Devonic, species of this type are very rare, Trop.
gilletianus Hartt and Rathbun of the Ereré sandstone (Middle
Devonic), Para, and the following, T. hyalina, being the only forms
known.
Tropidocyclus hyalinus sp. nov.
Plate 18, fig. 1-4
Shell small and delicate, coiled in one plane, volutions deeply embrac-
ing so that the umbilicus is quite narrow. Whorls rapidly expanding and
relatively increasing their dorsoventral diameter; laterally compressed,
obcordate in section, rising rather abruptly from the umbilicus to their
greatest diameter, thence broadly sloping with slight subdorsal incurvation
to a narrow flattened seamless dorsum. On early whorls this section is so
modified that the umbilical elevation of the whorl is less and the subdorsal
depression greater. The subdorsal depressions are produced by two revolv-
ing furrows, which are much more conspicuous in early growth, giving the
shell an almost trilobed appearance, but become progressively obsolete
with age.
The aperture is regular, not expanded, deeply emarginate on the back,
while projecting on the sides medially and recurved on the ventral surface.
The peristome is not thickened.
Surface marked by a series of regular concentric, sharply elevated
angular lines and ridges following the curvature of the aperture, and hence
having a doubly sigmoidal curve, bending forward and becoming relatively
wide apart at the sides, recurving and becoming crowded on the subdorsal
depressions and on the dorsum, making a series of deep and narrow lingui-
form retral festoons, uninterrupted by revolving lines or other evidence of
slit band.
332 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Dimensions. This shell rarely exceeds 5 mm in diameter at full growth.
flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. A rare species
observed only as barite replacements in the concretions from Honeoye lake,
Livingston co. N. Y.
LOXONEMA Phillips. 1841
Loxonema noe Clarke
Plate x8, fig. 6-r0
Loxonema noe Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. -Buloa6; 1885." tps s5; pl aye tno
Shell of small size and delicate proportions, terete and_ slender.
Whorls at full growth 13; slightly but regularly convex, becoming more
depressed toward the aperture. The incipient shell lies in position normal
to the rest of the whorls, and the surface of the first two whorls, which con-
stitute the nepionic shell growth, is smooth. When vertical or concentric
ridges begin to.appear, they. are sharp, almost angular and are at first nearly
upright, but on the fourth and fifth whorls begin to show a decided
obliquity. After the ninth whorl they manifest a retral curve near the
suture, and the course of the ridges becomes broadly sigmoidal. These
ridges number, quite uniformly, about 18 for early and late whorls alike, but
on the final volutions their regularity is‘modified by the interspersion between
them of finer ridges or the irregular growth of the larger ones, all becoming
relatively less conspicuous features of the surface. Finer vertical striae
covering these ridges and the intervening furrows are visible over the later
whorls, The suture is short and simple, both whorl surfaces rising there-
from with equal convexity. Aperture subcircular or vertically somewhat
elongate; outer lip thin, inner lip not calloused. Columella gently twisted,
projacent. Base nonumbilicate.
Dimensions. A fully grown shell has a hight of 17 mm, a width at
the base of 4mm. These are the normal adult measurements.
Observations. This species is at once distinguishable from the forms
common in the Hamilton fauna beneath (L. delphicola, L. hamil-
t oniae) by its uniformly small size, more delicate and slender form and less
variable surface characters. It is however freely a descendant of such species.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART Z 333
Fflabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very common in
the soft shales and lime concretions in Ontario and Livingston counties
(Naples, Shurtleffs gully, Whetstone gully, Brigg’s gully, Honeoye lake) ;
Havana, Schuyler co. ; also in the Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake and
Middlesex, Yates co.
Loxonema multiplicatum sp. noy.
Plate 18, fig. 14
Shell large, suture transverse and deeply impressed, nine whorls visible
on a nearly entire specimen. These are subequally convex and are covered
with numerous sharp, vertical (concentric) simple ridges, from 20 in number
on the early whorls to 40 to 45 on the final volution. These are nearly
direct or vertical on the early whorls, but later show a broad recurvature
toward the suture and corresponding ecurvature toward the base of the
whorl. The ridges remain simple over all the whorls.
Dimensions. Length of an entire specimen (nine whorls) 50 mm;
width at base 16 mm.
Flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales on the banks of the Genesee river at the foot of the upper Portage
falls.
Loxonema danai sp. nov.
Plate 78, fig. 12-13
Shell of larger proportions than L. noe, terete, bearing at full growth
13 whorls, the surface of which is gently convex. Suture deeply impressed
and less oblique than in L. noe. Surface almost smooth throughout, only
traces of obsolescent vertical striae being visible over the later whorls.
_ Aperture oblique or subcircular, lips not thickened.
Dimensions. A normal adult is 26 mm long and 7 mm wide at the
base. |
flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Very common
in the soft shales at Walnut creek and Terry’s ravine, Forestville.
334 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
macrocaitina Bayle. 1880
Macrochilina pygmaea sp. nov.
_ Plate 18, fig. 17-19
This is a minute shell, but has been found frequently, and in all
instances its size and proportions are uniform. It has a subpyriform out-
line, very short and blunt spiral of three to four volutions, the surfaces of
which slope quite obliquely, the suture being but slightly impressed. The
body whorl is very large and long, being five or six times the length of the
spiral. Its form is obliquely ovoid, extended below, the curve of the sur-
face being quite regular. At the aperture more than one half the volution
is overlapped. The aperture itself is narrow, elongate, regularly contracted
below, and the peristome has a thin outer edge and a somewhat thickened
columella beneath. Shell nonumbilicate. Surface quite smooth. Average
length 2 to 3 mm.
Flabctat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the concretions
on Honeoye lake, and in the Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake.
Macrochilina seneca sp. nov.
Plate 18, fig. 15, 16
Shell small, oblique with relatively short spire and broad body whorl.
Volutions three, overlapped for about one half their hight, depressed con-
vex. Spire not more than one half the hight of the body whorl. The final
whorl expands rapidly, becoming convex ovoid and rotund but not ventri-
cose, and its aperture is elongate oval. Surface of all whorls covered with
fine and obscure concentric growth lines, which are occasionally interrupted
by deeper furrows.
Dimensions. he largest of these specimens has a hight of 4 mm,
basal width of 3.5 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola
limestone at Seneca point, Canandaigua lake.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 335
patarotrocats Hall. 1879
This term was introduced by Professor Hall as an expression of con-
viction rather than of demonstration that the paleozoic shells bearing the
aspect of the recent Trochus would eventually prove unlike these in some
undetermined features. No one has yet brought forward very satisfactory
evidence of such differences, though a considerable variety of names has
been introduced for the ancient forms which so closely resemble Trochus
and Turbo. Therefore the term Palaeotrochus still serves only to indicate
a presumptive distinction. The name was applied to a shell of very
different aspect from that here described, and, in the event of the establish-
ment of a subordinate division of these genera, it would be probably found
necessary to restrict Palaeotrochus (P. kearnyi Hall, Onondaga lime-
stone) to exclude such shells as P. praecursor. In the original descrip-
tion of the latter | employed the generic term with the same reservation as
now.
Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke
. Plate 19, fig. 17-26 .
Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 55,
pl. 3, fig. 6-9
Shell of moderate size, turbinate or trochiform, whorls five to six, with
early volutions convex, while the final whorl is often obliquely flattened and
depressed beneath. The hight of the aperture is five eighths that of the
shell. Apical angle about 80°. Suture impressed, whorls overlapped for
more than one half their hight. Aperture subcircular or slightly elongate
vertically, outer lip thin, entire, inner lip excavated without callosity, but
forming a smooth subspiral surface depressed medially and thickened at the
inner and outer edges. Shell nonumbilicate.
Surface covered with beadlike tubercles arrayed in spiral rows. In
adult shells there are from 10 to 15 of these rows, of which that nearest
the suture is most conspicuous and composed of the largest tubercles.
This row is separated from the suture by an impressed or flattened area.
Another strong row occurs at the periphery of the whorl. These tubercles
336 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
frequently present the aspect of being elevated vertically or in the direction
of the spiral. They are separated by smooth furrows in which, as they
become wider, new lines of tubercles develop, specially in later growth
stages. Tubercles and furrows are alike crossed by very fine oblique con-
centric striae, which occasionally become bunched together. On the very
early, one to three whorls, these concentric lines were sharp and distant
oblique ridges with no other ornament, thereon followed the introduction of
uninterrupted but strongly cancelated spiral ridges which gradually break
up into tubercles. In respect to ornament we may therefore note four well
defined stages, (1) embryonic, in which the shell (protoconch) is smooth,
(2) one to two and one half whorls, in which the ornament consists of
oblique ridges directed backward to the periphery (the character of the
periphery at this stage is not known, (3) two and one half to three and one
half whorls, in which continuous revolving ridges strongly cancelated by
the oblique ridges are introduced, and (4) the normal adult condition of
| ridges broken up into disconnected parts or bands of tubercles.
I Dimensions. Average full grown specimens have a hight of 10 to 12
mm, a width across the base of 8 to 10 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very common in
the soft shales through Yates, Ontario and Livingston counties. Also on
| | the Genesee river at the lower Portage falls and on Buck run near Mount
Morris. Chautauqua subprovince: near the eastern boundary of this
region the shell has been found in some abundance at Java Village,
Wyoming co. as fine barite replacements, at Cattaraugus creek near Ver-
| sailles, Cattaraugus co., and also on the Lake Erie shore between Irving
! and Dunkirk. The species has also been found to range high in the
WIN Genesee valley, reappearing after the first introduction of the Chemung
| fauna with Spirifer disjunctus (Scott’s ravine, Fillmore, Allegany
il co.) and also in the brachiopod fauna (Westhill flags) above the Naples
il fauna in the Naples section and eastward in the Seneca lake meridian.
It likewise occurs above the horizon bearing the Naples fauna, near Deer
Park, Garrett co. Md.
_—
—————
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
G&&
ios)
NI
cattonema Hall. 1879
Callonema filosum sp. nov.
Plate 38, fig. 5
Shell small, with spire tapering abruptly from a broad base. Whorls
four to five, convex, but the earlier ones are rounder on their exposed sur-
faces than the last, which presents an even, slightly rounded slope from
suture to base. The shell is broadest across the base, which is depressed
or flattened, making a low rounded angle about the periphery. The surface
markings consist of regular, sharp, subequal and continuous oblique lines
concentric with the aperture. These are elevated, rounded, separated by
grooves of less width and are present on all except the earliest whorls.
There is no intersecting ornament and no trace of slit band. The specific
characters are quite in harmony with the species already ascribed to the
-genus Callonema, though these are from the fauna of the Onondaga lime-
stone. Direct comparison may be made with the shell described by Hol-
zapfel as Holopella decheni’ from Martenberg, Westphalia.
Dimensions. The single specimen observed has a hight and basal
diameter of 5 mm.
Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales at Smith’s Mills, Chautauqua co. :
pIAPHOROsToMA Fischer. 1887
Diaphorostoma (Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov.
Plate 19, fig 11-13
Shell very rotund and highly convex, subspherical ovoid. Spire small,
consisting .of three whorls, and so greatly depressed as to be but very
slightly raised above the upper plane of the final whorl; greatly overlapped,
probably for fully two thirds their hight. Suture not impressed. Whorls
very rapidly expanding both in hight and width. Aperture attaining almost
the full hight of the shell. The body whorl is slightly flattened above,
slopes rapidly outward and attains its greatest diameter at about one third
zDie Goniatitenkalke von Adorf in Waldeck, p. 25, pl. 5, fig. 3.
338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
its distance from the suture; thence it recurves more gradually. Surface
bearing only very fine concentric growth lines which may be almost obso-
lete on the later parts of the shell.
Dimensions. Buta single example of this characteristic shell has been
seen. This has a hight of 7 mm and a diameter across the body whorl of
9 mm.
This shell may in form and proportions well be compared with
Natica adorfensis Holzapfel’ which is a similarly rotund shell,
though larger and with slightly more elevated spire.
Flabrtat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft
shales on Big Sister creek, Angola, Erie co.
Diaphorostoma pugnus sp. nov.
Plate 19, fig. 15, 16
Shell of fairly large size, having the general aspect of the well known
Hamilton species D. lineatum Conrad. Volutions 3, rapidly expanding,
spire depressed, suture not deeply impressed. Final whorl ventricose.
Outer lip thin, inner lip somewhat callused. Entire surface smooth, that is
covered by closely crowded concentric striae, which show a decided retral
curve at the periphery and indicate a notch on the aperture. These striae
are crossed by faint revolving striae of unequal size. Diameter of the shell
across the top 28 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. The type
specimen, a flattened shell, is from the shales at Fox’s point, Lake Erie,
and was found attached to a calyx of Melocrinus. Another specimen hav-
ing about the characters here described has been obtained from the Melo-
crinus bed above the Styliolia limestone in Blacksmith gully, Bristol,
Ontario co. (Naples subprovince).
* Loc. cit. pl. 5, fig. 5.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 339
PROTOCALYPTRAEA Clarke. I 894
This genus was introduced’ for conical, crepiduliform shells in which the
apical spire is exposed, but beyond this no trace of the suture appears on
the exterior except on sculpture casts, the concealed part of the whorls
being represented in the interior by a spirally revolving and expanding
plate. The only representatives of this structure now known are the two
species here described, P. styliophila and P. marshalli, and prob-
ably the Capulus galeroides Clarke from the corresponding horizon
(Ibergerkalk) at Riibeland in the Hartz.’
Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke
Plate x9, fig. 7-9
Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke, of. ci#¢. p. 334
Shell conic, erect, circular at base; apical angle about 50°. Spire
exposed at the apex for one to two volutions, thenceforward on the shell
the only trace of volution is a low depression running along the suture.
Internal spiral plate (lower surface of whorls) flat, expanding, extending
one fourth the distance across the internal cavity. Surface marked by very
fine concentric lines.
Dimensions. The original specimen has a hight of 12 mm, an aper-
tural diameter of 14 mm.
Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Rare in the
Styliola limestone ; Genundewa, Canandaigua lake.
Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke
Plate 19, fig. 1-6
Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke, of. cz. p. 334
Shell conic, apical angle somewhat larger than in the preceding species.
Apical whorls exposed for one and one half volutions, and in compressed
* American species of Autodetus and some paramorphic shells from the Devonic
(Am. Geologist. 1894. 13: 328).
Fauna d. Ibergerkalkes. Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. Beilbnd 3. 1884. p. 343,
Dig. tig Te:
340 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
sculpture casts from the shales the suture shows as a fine line over the rest
of the surface. Exterior marked by obscure concentric lines. A small
uncompressed specimen from the limestone concretions has a hight of 5
mm, apertural diameter of 6% mm.
An example from the shales which is compressed has a diameter of 23
mm and a hight of 10 mm.
These shells are rare; further knowledge of them may prove that they
are specifically identical with P. styliophila. 3
Flabitat. Genesee province ; Naples subprovince. In the soft .shales
at Naples and the concretions at Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake.
PTEROPODA
PROTOSPIRIALIS Qen. NOV.
Protospirialis minutissima Clarke
Plate 20, fig. 15-19
Platyostoma ? mtrnautissima. Clarke, U. 'S. Geol. Sur, BulbaG. ison oss.
This minute and tenuous shell has the aspect of a small Platyostoma
(Diaphorostoma). Its apex is minute, its whorls expand very rapidly and
are not more than three or four in number. All are convex, the spire short,
the body whorl very ventricose, the aperture subcircular, outer lip thin,
inner lip slightly reflected, scarcely covering the umbilicus. The surface is
smooth or with the fine concentric lines usual to Platyostoma. Almost
without exception the shells present the same proportions, measuring about
1.5mm in hight and width, never exceeding this size and rarely falling
below it.
These delicate and diminutive shells occur in immense numbers at cer-
tain spots in the Naples section. In the concretionary goniatite layer lying
near the lower part of the shales, in Parrish gully, and at its exposures in
the Naples valley near Branchport, Yates co., they are accumulated in mil-
lions, rivaled only in number by individuals of the pteropod Styliolina
fissurella, with which they are associated, and in places compose the
rock. They occur in like abundance in the separated concretions every-
where through the Naples subprovince. Their nature and mode of occur-
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 341
’ rence, together with their association with this pelagic fauna, lead me to
suspect their pteropod nature, while their pelagic character is evident. The
spiral shells of living pteropods are believed to be all sinistrally coiled
(Spirialis, Valvatella, etc.), but this consideration can not be given great
weight in determining the point in hand. For these reasons, I have given
these fossils a generic term which indicates their probable affinities.
ayotitaus Eichwald. 1840
Hyolithus neapolis Clarke
Plate zo fie. 22=40
sly olithes meaj@lis Clieinke, Uh S. Geol, Sine, Weill wG5 wey. ioe Oy joe <b
fig. 4, 5
This species has the elongate triangular form characterizing H. aclis
Hall of the Hamilton fauna, but is well distinguished from this and other
species of like proportions in the following particulars. The flat or ventral
side bears only fine sculpture lines concentric with the surface and no trace
of radial lines. The convex side is distinctly subdivided into three parts,
two flattened marginal areas each extending one fourth the diameter of the
shell and separated from the median area by narrow grooves. The median
area is convex and arched. This subdivision of the surface is however but
slightly apparent in uncompressed specimens. Concentric lines cross the
flattened areas, but on the median division these are raised into strong
wrinkles which corrugate the surface. There is no trace of radial lines.
Dimensions. Average specimens attain a length of about 25 mm and
an apertural width of 8 mm.
Flabcttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common in the
shales at Naples, also in the concretions on Honeoye lake. Chautauqua
subprovince. A single small individual has been found in the shales at
Forestville. The species also occurs in the Wiscoy shales on Wiscoy
creek.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ios)
1S
lo
STYLIOLINA Karpinsky
Styliolina fissurella Hall
Tentaculites fissurella Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth district.
1843. p. 182.
Styliola fissurella Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1879. v. 5, pt 2, p. 178,
pl. 31A, fig. 1-30
Styliola (Styliolina) fissurella Clarke, U. S> Geol, Sur Bul 76) (aes:.
P. 14-17, 57
In the work last cited I have referred to the vast abundance of this
little pteropod, which constitutes the mass of the Styliola or Genundewa
limestone, and permeates the kramenzel Goniatite limestone above and all
concretionary and nodular masses in the formation. It is rarer in the shale
beds, but at times their surfaces are crowded with these needlelike bodies.
The character of these deposits has been discussed on a preceding page,
and the presence of these fossils in mass constitutes one of the striking
features of the black mud facies of this fauna wherever found.
Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall
Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1879. Vv. 5,
pt 2; p: 173, DI 3u, tis. De, esse ples wA, ic. s7—ay
This species, characterized by low, distant annulations and fine radial
i lines, occurs occasionally in association with Styliolina fissurella.
] Karpinsky’ regards the species as synonymous with Tent. acuarius
Richter. It is undeniably identical with T. multiformis Sandb, from
the Cypridina shales of Weilmiinster.’
Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola
limestone on Canandaigua lake and the concretions in the gray shales at
Naples.
HII «Die foss. Pteropoden am Ostabhange d. Urals. Acad. St Petersbourg. Mem. Ser.
| 7. LOod.) Vi 32 OwiaeD
Verstein. des Rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. p. 249, pl. 21, fig. 11.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
(oS)
as
ios)
Tentaculites tenuicinctus F. A. Roemer
Plate 20, fig. 20, 21
Tentaculites tenuicinctus F. A. Roemer, Beitr. 1 zur geol. Kenntniss d.
nordw. Harzgebirges. 1850. p. 28, pl. 4, fig. 19
Tentaculites tenuicinctus Sandberger, Verstein. des rhein. Schichtensyst.
in Nassau. 1850-56. p. 250, pl. 21, fig. 13
Very slender and delicate, elongate, gradually tapering tubes closely
and regularly annulated by concentric, narrow, elevated rings with narrower
interspaces. The rings run almost to the tip of the shell, and in the later
growth of the tubes there are about 20 in the length of 1 mm, the length
of an average shell being 4-5 mm and the diameter at the larger end about
.3mm. No longitudinal lines are visible.
This species is smaller and much more slender than any American
species known to me, T. spiculus expanding more rapidly and having
more distant rounded annulations with concentric lines on the intervals. It
is without distinguishing characters from the German species which was
described from the Intumescens horizon at Rtibeland in the Hartz moun-
tains and occurs at various localities of this fauna.
Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In sandy concre-
tions at Naples.
344 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
SOME ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF THIS FAUNA
Entomis serratostriata Sandberger
Cypridina serratostriata Sandberger, Leonhardt & Bronn’s Jahrb. 1842.
p. 2206.
Cypridina serratostriata Sandberger, Verstein. des rhein. Schichtensyst.
in Nassau. 1850-56. p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 2a-i
Entomis serratostriata Jones, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1890. p. 320,
Very characteristic specimens of this species,
though few in number, have been found in the soft
shales at Union Corners, Livingston co., associated
with E. variostriata, Chiloceras sp. and Posi-
donia. Mmesacestatis
Fig.12 Entomis serra-
tostriata Union Cor-
sere. Entomis variostriata Clarke
Entomis variostriata Clarke, Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. 1884. p. 184, pl. 4,
inlay
Entomis variostriata Jones, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1890. p. 323, pl. 11,
fig. 5-8
ff. Cy pridina, splendens Waldschmidt, Zeitschr. der deutsch. geolog. Ges-
ellsch. 1885. 37:926, pl. 40, fig. 6, 6a
This species was described from Bicken, Westphalia,
and the species termed at later date Cypridina splen-
dens by Waldschmidt seems to be identical with it.
Specimens indistinguishable from the Bicken examples, in
Fig.13, Entomis ¢i76 outline and ornament occur sparsely in the soft shales
variostriata
Union CornersN.Y. at Union Corners, Livingston co. (Naples subprovince).
Chiloceras sp.
The presence of this genus is indicated by the fragment here figured
which shows one half the outer course of the suture. While we have no
other clue to the existence of the genus in New
York waters, in the German and Polish sections
Chiloceras indicates pretty constantly a horizon
intermediate between the Intumescens limestone
Fig. 4 Chiloceras sp. Union Comer! below and the Clymenia horizon: above:
oye] vnsrepuvury
SWIM (18H) IGAMAVIO SONIMOOTAN
d a€LVvid
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 345
The specimen is from Union Corners (Naples subprovince) in associa-
tion with the preceding species.
Gephyroceras cf. domanicense Holzapfel
See Gephyroceras domanicense Holzapfel, Mémoires du comité geolo-
MGME. WOT. We 18 MO: B, > G4, Jol, Ge mls, &, ©, wu, 12
This comparison is purely a suggestion of identity based on externals.
Specimens which have come into our hands since the preparation of the
account of the goniatites of this fauna, indicate a Gephyroceras of exterior
strikingly similar to the shell cited. This is expressed in the course of the
finely undulated concentric ornament, the striae being clustered into eleva-
tions which form distant, low pilae (cf Holzapfel’s fig. 8). The whorl is
depressed lenticular with concave, peripheral grooves, broad, concave venter
with elevated edges. As we know nothing yet of the suture, this com-
parison remains inadequate, but there is little likelihood of wide depar-
Fig.r5 Gephyroceras cf, domanicense Forestville N. Y.
ture herein from the typical Gephyroceran suture. The New York species
is somewhat more closely umbilicated than the Timan shell. [See p.379|
The specimens are all from the Angola shales at Forestville (Chautau-
qua subprovince) associated with Loxopteria dispar, Euthydesma
SD vem leek haeceanrdium ywetus tum ete,
346 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Note on Tornoceras cinctum Keyserling
Goniatites cinctus Keyserling, Verhandl. d. kais. russ. mineral. Gesellsch.
1944) py 2e7 ple Attica 283
Goniatites cinctus Keyserling, Reise in das Petschora-
land, “1846. "pi /277;° pl. 12) fie te 2
Tornoceras cinctum Holzapfel, Das obere Mitteldev.
im rhein. Gebirge. 1897. p. go, pl. 6, fig. 12; pl. 7, fig. 4;
pl. 8, fig. 8
Tornoceras cinctum Holzapfel, Mémoires du Comité
geologique. 1899. p. 16, pl. 9, fig. 2-6
Hall described Torn. bicostatum im 1643
os
Fig. 26 Tornoceragbi: | REP t Fourth Distip/ e245.) This speciessand sso
costatum, somewhat : : 4 :
enlarged. Correll’s point, C1NCtum are apparently identical in mature characters,
Lake Erie. 4
though their ontogeny may prove them to hold succes-
sive rather than coequal relations. The adjoining figure is given to
express the aspect of Torn. bicostatum when uncompressed.
Melocrinus clarkei (Hall) Williams
Original description.'. The shape of the calyx can not be determined
on account of the crushed condition of the specimens, but the shape and
number of the plates agree so well with those of M. bainbridgensis
H. & W., that it is probable that the shape was the same, i. e. broadly
turbinate. In size, also, the calyx agrees well with that species.
No underbasals appear.
The basals are low, wide and pentagonal.
The radials are more than double the size of the basals, in hight and
width equal, or wider than high. The variation in the shape of this plate,
in the several specimens on the one slab, covers the extremes met with in
the two species, M. bainbridgensis and M. breviradiatus,
The radial is followed by two brachials of smaller size, the first hex-
agonal, the second pentagonal and angular above, and each is about equal in
hight and width.
The second brachial supports two arm plates (still within the calyx),
nearly as large as the brachials, irregularly pentagonal and meeting at their
inner edges.
Of the secondary radials, three are within the calyx, the second is about
half as high as wide, the third is very short. The third pair of secondary
*H: S. Williams, Acad] Nat sei Pil Proc. reo2. spans n
eye] ensiepueuedg
SUIVITTIA (I@H) IGMAVIO SANTHOOTAN
segues i
qd ALV Id
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 347
radials together bear a strong.arm, gradually tapering to a point, about
three times the length of the calyx. It is broad, flattened on the back and
longitudinally depressed along the center, and is composed of a double
series of very short plates, meeting at the center and arranged in opposite
(not alternate) order.
On the outer and ventral side the arm bears long, slender, cordlike
branchlets, which appear to have fine threadlike appendages along their
sides. In the central part of the arm these branchlets are as long as the
arm itself. They proceed from every third arm plate, instead of every
fourth, as in M. bainbridgensis, and the plates from which they
appear are opposite each other, and their outer sides are lengthened
slightly.
The interradials are apparently like those of M. bainbridgensis,
beginning with a large plate between the upper parts of two adjacent
radials, followed above by two smaller plates, and these by more, still
smaller plates, the number or arrangement of which is not uniform.
The calyx plates are marked by granulations over the central portion,
are rounded at the margins, which in some cases are elevated slightly above
the central part of the plate, causing a depression, as in M. bainbridg-
ensis; other plates (even on the same specimen) are convex, as in M.
breviradiatus. The rows of fine ridges, connecting the calyx plates
at their juncture, are very distinct in some cases, and do not appear in
others. The former is a character of M. breviradiatus.
The stems are composed of alternately thin and thick plates the rela-
tive order, or proportions, of which are not constant, even varying on the
same stem when preserved for long distance.
This species is closely related to Melocrinus bainbridgensis
Hall & Whitfield, 1875, from the Huron shale, Bainbridge O., and to M.
breviradiatus Hall (figured on a plate of ‘‘ New Crinoidea, plate 1,”
which was published, with explanation of plates, in 1872), from the Ham-
ilton group.
The study of the specimens (all on a single slab), from which the above
diagnosis is made out, has revealed the fact that apparently all the charac-
ters distinguishing the two species just named are variable in those speci-
mens. The arms must be excepted; none are known for M. breviradti-
atus, and those described for M. bainbridgensis were not found
attached to any calyx..
While, therefore, we retain a distinct specific name for the specimens
under consideration, we are led to believe that examination of a larger series
of specimens may make it necessary to unite these three species in one.
This species is interesting for its abundance in a thin limestone layer
of the Genesee, which lies close above the Genundewa limestone, and con-
348 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
tinues for considerable distances in Ontario county. On the sea bottom
represented by this layer grew an immense plantation of these crinoids,
and, wherever it is exposed horizontally, they are strikingly displayed.
The species also occurs in the Cashaqua shales at Naples. The illustra-
tions here given are from the original slab found about 1870 by the writer's
father, Noah T. Clarke, for whom the specific name was given by Prof.
James Hall. These are the first illustrations of the species.
In many respects the species is like Melocrinus of the Intumescens
zone described by Fraipont, Trenkner, v. Koenen, Clarke and others.
We have found in considerable quantity remains of a Melocrinus in
the lower shale beds (Angola shale) at Fox’s point, Lake Erie; but
this appears to be distinct from Melocr. clarkei of the Naples
subprovince.
Scytalocrinus ornatissimus Hall (sp.)
Cyathocrinus ornatissimus Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth
dist. 1843. p. 247, fig. 108
The illustration accompanying the original account of this species
represented a splendid calyx with gracefully curving column and fine sweep
of arms. So effective and striking was this design that it was selected as
the hall-mark for some of the earlier volumes of the geologic reports, being
imprinted on the cover. Some years ago I elicited from Professor Hall the
statement that this drawing was a composite design from many fragments
in which all the parts represented were not actually shown and that some
of this material on which the figure was based had been in the possession of
a collector who subsequently made over his collection to Williams College.
In later years we have found many evidences of this species from the
vicinity of its original locality (Lake Erie shore, town of Portland) recog-
nized by the peculiar sculpturing of the columns, but no calyxes have been
seen. At myurgent request Prof. H. F. Cleland has made a careful search of
the collections under his charge at Williamstown and has found the speci-
men here figured, a calyx with arms and column, on the surface of a thin
block made up of fragments of columns, the specimen bearing the label in
_
—_— ——
EE —<
a
.
PLATE F
QS & E 4
QYV gy as Sas
BEY YI o Bee SSN
AAO ey RQ Wines Saou aseasesreas
SERRA ef Raat Si ns
SREY °F (Ke
RENE © near re
Wh Ang J soe See =
SRN Que
HY, Se Cox Se RR
SS Seas esaeossesa5e5S . =
a Soe oe SS
gy,
ee
coos
Sse G eee.
ERS
22:
naSasssaaa2:
Sexeessons arse
ty
Me
Vi,
Mins Soaeaeee See
LOR EES EEEES SESS
ile rer rea ===
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==
SSsS——)
AIK é : f
Me 60
t CKD Se.
=. SSE,
SCYTALOCRINUS ORNATISSIMUS Hall (sp)
The type specimen somewhat enlarged, with details of structure; at the left, segments of the column,
next, the shield-shaped and keeled pinnule segments shown in smaller scale to the right; columnar segments
without ornament at the right.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 349
Professor Hall’s characteristic hand,“C yathocrinus ornatissimus.”
This I think we may with propriety regard the type of the species.
The specimen is remarkable specially for the structure of its pinnules
which are constituted of series of flattened keeled plates. I am indebted
to Mr Frank Springer for the following comments on the species: ‘ Your
figure represents an extremely interesting and remarkable crinoid. The
arms are more ponderous than in any related generic form from the same
or equivalent formation. The long and closely packed pinnules with their
keeled elevations on the dorsal side, look very much like those of the
subcarboniferous Actinocrinidae. However they spring from cuneiform
brachials of uniserial arms, such as pertain generally to the earlier Inadu-
nata, to which division this crinoid belongs. From the characters exhibited
I think it may be safely assigned to the genus Scytalocrinus.”
———$$— —s —
350 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTUMESCENS FAUNA OUTSIDE OF NEW YORK
A very notable feature of the Upper Devonic deposits of the conti-
nent of Europe is the clearness of its subdivision by facies. This is
specially appertinent to the ammonitoid* faunas, and it is indeed essentially
on these that this subdivision has been elaborated. This facial division, so
far as based on the ammonoids, is quite generally regarded as sequential
in time rather than an expression of geographic variants, unlike the varia-
tions in facies represented by the Naples, Ithaca and Oneonta faunas of
Portage time in New York. Encroachments are recognized of indicial
ammonoids into contemporaneous areas of brachiopod and coral growth, as
in the case of Manticoceras intumescens in the Iberg reef lime-
stone at various sections. Throughout the succession positive time values
attach to leading species, though such species are not restricted to their
climacteric horizon. We shall presently advert to the considerable disturb-
ance in the New York province of the chronologic values of such of those
Eurasian species or their allies as are represented here. Spirifer dis-
junctus in the continental sections ranges from the upper Middle
Devonic into the Culm’; it is found as a member of the Cuboides zone, a
straggler into the true ammonoid facies of the Intumescens zone, but still
its climacteric is in the brachiopod facies of this and the succeeding stages.
Herein the acme of the species both in Eurasia and America is quantiva-
lent, though in the latter it does not precede the Intumescens zone, while
recent investigations? indicate that it may ascend, as in Europe, into strata
which may properly be construed as Carbonic. To bring this facies devel-
opment of the Eurasian Upper Devonic before the eye, we present the fol-
lowing tabulation, compiled from various authors, with the help afforded by
«The German writers frequently apply the term fe/agic to this association, but prob-
ably this term is, as we have before observed, not fully justified.
The Culm is now regarded by Holzapfel and others as a deeper water facies of
the Coal Measures rather than a subsidiary member of the Carbonic. The presence of
Spirifer disjunctus in strata subsequent to the introduction of the Carbonic
fauna is noted by Drevermann.
3 See N. Y. State Pal. Rep’t 1901.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
351
Kayser’s most useful compendium of stratigraphy* and Frech’s amplifica-
tions of Roemer’s Lethaea Palacozotca.’
In these tables horizons of the tntumescens fauna are in roman
SOUTH DEVON
BRITTANY
CABRIERES
Cypridina shales, red and
BASIN IBA EON GAS te
ratostriata, Banat:
Sia ede Diets Gre ig ine ee Een 2
gynata, “eosidonia
venusta
Adorf limestone with Man-
tlcoceras intumes-
cens
Massive limestones with Hy-
POUMOD CCS — 6 CLOLLO®
Pugnax pugnus, ete.
Rostellec dark shales with
Entomis serrato-
striata, Tentaculites
tenuistriatus, Posi-
donia venusta, Chi-
loceras verneuili
Cypridina shales
Clymenia limestone
Chiloceras horizon
| Horizon of Mantic. in-
tumescens
BELGIUM
AACHEN
Condroz psammites with Spt r-
tfer disjunctus, Pha-
cops granulatus, land
plants (Palaeopteris, Sphe-
nopterts, Lepidodendron) ;
dictyosponges: D. moritnt,
Hydnoceras barrotsi,
FH. jeumontense, Rhab-
dostspongita conarosti-
ana, fishes (Holoptychius,
etc.)
Framenne schists with Sp. dis-
Junctus, Pugnax pug-
nus, P.acuminatus, En-
tomts serratostriata
Micaceous sandstones and
green shales with Spir.
disgunctus, Pugnax
pugnus, Cyrtia mur-
chisoniana
Beds with Chiloceras
verneuili
* Geologische Formationskunde.
OGL As BOOZ.
Greenish shales with Ent o-
mis serratostriata
2 Besides the authorities cited, works of the following writers have been consulted in
the construction of this tabulation, Barrois, Gosselet, Holzapfel, Beushausen, Denckmann,
Koch, Tschernyschew, Waldschmidt, ‘Toll, De Koninck, Giirich, Whidborne.
352 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
BELGIUM AACHEN | EIFEL
i}
}
ee ee
Matagne schists; dark shales | Black fissile shale with , Kellwasser limestone: black
with limestone banks. Buch) cetrosit tata bituminous. shales and
Buchiola _ retrostri- limestones with Buch.
ata, Bactrites, Mantic. angulifera, small goni-
intumescens, Tor- atites, Ceratiocaris (Echi-
noc. simplex nocaris ?), fish remains
Biidesheim goniatite dark
shales and limestones with
small pyritized goniatites
(Mantic. intumes-
cens var., Torn, :Sim-
plex, auris, Bactrites
gracilis, etc.)
Frasne limestones and shales. | Dark clay shales and concre- | Dolomitic . schists with Hy- ;
Hypothyris cubotdes, tionary limestones. Sp. a1 s- poth.cuboides, Sp. adis-
Pugnax pugnus, Sp. junctus, Hypothyris Junctus, Mantic tn-
disjunctus, gastropods, cubotdées, - etc, Ter- tumescens, Torn, stm-
lamellibranchs, corals, trilo- noc. simplex, Phillipsas- plex
bites traea, etc.
SAUERLAND, DILL BASIN AND WESTPHALIA ‘
Cypridina shales (red, green, gray); Ento-
mis ‘serratostriata, -Pesidonmis
venusta, Phacops anophthalmus
P6ns sandstone with rill marks and mud
cracks (plant remains)
Clymenia limestone; gray and reddish kra-
menzel. Clymenia striata, undu-
lata, speciosa, subarmata (forms
with complicated suture); C.annulata,
flexuosa, angustiseptata (with
simple suture); Chiloceras plani-
lobus, curvispina, subpartitum,
Sporadoceras muensteri, Lox-
opteria dispar, L.-laevis, WP osz- 7
donia venusta, Buch. retrostri- B
ata, palmata, Euthydesma bey- a
richi, Praecardium vetustum var. if
clymeniae, Tiaraconcha rugosa
Nehden shales with Chiloceras vern- *
euili, curvispina, subpartitum,
planilobus, oT Of 1) 0.Gs circum- -
flexum Praecardium vetustum,
Loxopteria dispar
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 353
SAUERLAND, DILL BASIN AND WESTPHALIA
Adorf limestone; gray, red, platten and con-
cretionary limestone. Mantic. intu-
mescens, primordiale, carina-
tum, Beloc. multilobatum, kay-
seri, Tornoc. simplex, paucistri-
atum, Gephyr. calculiforme,
Hequabihesionrehpit er. bac trntes
subflexuosus, Orthoceras vitta-
tum -Woxo nema. prliger, tenuwi-
costatum, arcuatum, Macrochi-
lina dunkeri, Pleurotomaria
angulata, globosa, tenuilineata,
Buchiola retrostriata, palmata,
Praecardiumduplicatum, Euthy-
desma beyrichi, Loxopteria ru-
gosa, Lunulicardium bickense,
inflatum, concentricum, muel-
leri, adorfense, Cardiola articu-
lata, subradiata, concentrica,
Dentaculites tenuicinetus
Kellwasser limestone (see Eifel). (?) Horizon
of - Prolecanites
Lberg limestone with Inthe Wildungen sec-
Hypothyris cu-
boides, Pugnax
pugnus, Sptr.
disjzunctus, ete.
gastropods, lamellt-
tion the lowest beds
are dark shales with
Liorhynchus, small
goniatites (Torn-
ocerassimplex
branchs, trilobites, Manticoceras)
ete.
UPPER HARTZ EASTERN ALPS POLAND
Cypridina shales with Ent o-
MUS GOrrapOStwieieel,
Posidonia venusta,
Loxopteria dispar.
Clymenia limestone. Cly- Clymenia limestone with : Psiarnia beds with Cly me-
Ie Netawellenwie ata. suen= Civ laevigata, strie | mia levigata, ann u-
dulata, striata, Torno- Are, wnicinileioea, cies |) Weve hinGitlenie, Je@gie x
ceras, Chiloceras, Bran- Posidonia venusta doniavenusta, Bran- ~
coc. suleatum, Spo-
rad.bronni, Posidonia
Vemma, I ejay Gir el
rugosa, dispar, Prae- |
cardium, Cardiola ar- |
coceras sulcatum
354 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
UPPER HARTZ EASTERN ALPS POLAND
ticulata, Euthydesma,
Buchiola angulifera, |
prumiensis, palmata,
MOO Minti Idi iF o=
Mis s€rratosttiata
Lagow limestone with C hil-
|= Soucte tas sacculus,
| Sporadoceras bron-
Adorf limestone. Entomis
Sir hat ost Wasted alos
noc.simplex, Mantic.
intumescens, Gephy- \-\ni, Berane Pte
Oe: caléewliforme, formers Bact rutes:
Beloc. multilobatum, Praecardium vetus-
ka yisient, «AT £nita ea tum, Tornocenas
lites “tennicinct ws, simplex (Elsewhere,
Loxopterra rugosa, Kadzielnia, — Kirchhofs- .
P-osidonia cf: “hians, berg, brachiopod and 4
Cardiola ioe bata, coral facies)
concentrica, bicken-
sis, Euthydesma, Buc hi-
ola angulifera, prii-
miensis, palmata, re-
fi Ors taal cite, Lunuli- |
cardium koeneni
Goniatite limestone’ with
Manticoceras intu-
mescens, Gephyro-
ceras calculiforme,
| Torn, aris’) ysame-
| plex, Tentaeulrpes
Kellwasser limestone’ with tenuicinctus, Buch-
Buch: | Jan pwd tex a, lola ) retrostriaca
Tentac.tenuicinctus | shales with Entomis
| serratostriata
Tberg limestone. Reef facies | Coral reef limestone with
Hypothyris cuboties
Dark shale berg limestone.
with Tor- Reef lime- with Hypothyris cu-
noc. sim-_ stone with boides, Pugnax pug-
plex, Man- Mantic. nus, corals!
ticoceras, intumes-
Gephyro- cens, HHy-
ceras, Bac-
trites, T en-
tac. tenu-
1ci wet Ws,
pothyrts
cuboides,
gastropods !
brachiopods !
Styliolina, corals !
Pleuroto-
janechipileh ye (vl te
. binea,
Buchiola
prumieén-
sis, Lunuli-
cardium
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 355
URALS
WEST SLOPE EAST SLOPE
SOUTHERN EXTENSION
tomis
ata
Clymenialimestone.. Cly- Clymenia limestone
menia,annulata,flex- |
uosa, krasnopolskili,
IP OW Ove, Sime jollhe se,
Chiloe wermeunilia 4
Rigid x acum imartd |
Solera onion hay sit mts.
tula
Lberg limestone with coral reef |
foes, Pearce ECMMie |
cinctus, Mantic. in- |
tumescens, ammon,
Tornoe. Sw ion Jo) II @ 85,
Bactrites carinatus,
subflexuosus, Buch-
1O0la retrOStriara,
Pleurotomaria kolt-
ubanica, Cardiola |
concentrica
Lrachiopod limestone with
Hypothyris cuboides
Brachiopod limestone
Hypo. cuboides
Cypridinia shales with En- |
serratostrl-
with |
Shales with Clymenia
undulata, angustli-
Sie pitratian levigata,
dunkeri, speciosa,
Sporadoceras muen-
sterl
Limestone with Tornoc.
simplex, Bacrriies
carinatus, Hy po-
thyris cuboides,
Spirifer etc.
TIMAN (PETSCHORAL AND)
Sandstone with Spirifer diszunctus
Domank shales ; black bituminous shales |
with interbedded limestones. Tornoc.
Spay lie chime tum, avila Mitel eat nt We
MESCCMS, Baim OwW, wero us wi,
pac kehum dis sGieipihiy Toc bts ule a=
tun, tSChermysechewi, reeeBle.
auri- |
AGMA AIGEMSe, Wick jive wien,
Win, WEMECMSE, Key Serliimen, Wes
DEAS Siyrjamrcwim, Uimemines
ACUEWS, SEMCKeMDeren Prollecaime= |
1265 LlManicus Wacurites Supe
flexuosus, Gomphoceras, Phragmoc- |
eras, Orthoceras
Clay shale with Spirifer anossofi,
Rhyn. meyendorf fi, etc. Corals
Gerichowsk limestone
25a. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
We have already had occasion to note the indications of the Intumes-
cens fauna in the regions of western North America. These are:
BRITISH COLUMBIA IOWA
HAY RIVER CERRO GORDO Co.
Manticoceras intumescens_ with | Lime Creek shales with Manticoceras
Hypothyris cuboides, Schizo- | intumescens, Pugnax pwenus
phoria striatula, Pugnax pug-| Spin disjunctus strom hana
nus, Spir. disjunctus ata and other species common to the
(Horizons not differentiated) fauna of Highpoint, Naples, which is
stratigraphically equivalent to the Port-
age sandstones
RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE CHAUTAUQUA AND NAPLES SUBPROVINCES
To bring int» comparison the fauna of the Genesee province with the
most carefully studied sections in the Rhineland, Westphalia, the Hartz
and Timan, we give in the following tables the variation in the composition
of the subfaunas in their typical or best developed manifestation, the two
subprovinces of New York.
VERTICAL RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE LAKE ERIE SECTION (CHAUTAUQUA
SUBPROVINCE)
At top Laona sandstone with Spirifer disjunctus and the brachio-
pod fauna of the Chemung; equivalent to Long Beards riffs sandstone,
Genesee valley.
Portland shales and flags
Stratigraphic equivalent of Wiscoy shales and Portage sandstone in Genesee section,
of Highpoint sandstone and Prattsburg sandstones (in part) of the Naples section. The
last named units carry only a Chemung fauna.
Cephalopods Pteropods Gastropods
Tornoceras bicostatum Styliolina fissurella Phragmostoma chautauquae
Manticoceras rhynchostoma Palaeotrochus praecursor
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium accola L. intumescentis
L. eriense L. corrugata
L. furcatum Ontaria concentrica
L,. absegmen Euthydesma subtextile
Posidonia mesacostalis Elasmatium gowandense
P. venusta nitidula Praecardium vetustum
Kochia ungula Conocardium gowanense
Loxopteria dispar Palaeoneilo constricta
L. laevis P. brevicula
I.. vasta
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
Dunkirk black shales
S07,
Not represented in eastern sections
Silver creek shales underlain by Angola shales
Representing the Gardeau (Westhill) and: Hatch flags of the Genesee and Naples
valleys
Cephalopods
Tornoceras bicostatum
Manticoceras rhynchostoma
M. sororium
Orthoceras thyestes
O. pacator
Gomphoceras ajax
Bactrites
Lunulicardium libum
L. erliense
L. bickense
L. beushausen1
Pterochaenia fragilis
Posidonia attica
Loxopteria laevis
L. intumescentis
L. corrugata
Ontaria pontiaca
Cephalopoas
Probeloceras lutheri
Gephyroceras holzapfeli
G. cf. domanicense
Pteropods
Hyolithus neapolis
Lamellibranchs
Gastropods
Pleurotomaria itylus
Phragmostoma chautauquae
Loxonema danai
Palaeotrochus praecursor
Callonema filosum
Diaphorostoma rotundatum
D. pugnus
Euthydesma subtextile
Buchiola scabrosa
B. conversa
B. angolensis
B. cf. priimiensis
Praecardium vetustum
P. duplicatum
P. multicostatum
Palaeoneilo constricta
P. linguata
Rhinestreet black shale
No fossils recorded
Cashaqua shales
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium pilosum
Pterochaenia fragilis
P. elmensis
Buchiola retrostriata
B. lupina
Palaeoneilo petila
Middlesex black shales
Conodonts
Prioniodus spicatus
P. erraticus
Polygnathus dubius
Upper Genesee shale
Genundewa (Styliola) limestone
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
358
VERTICAL RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE NAPLES SECTION
At top, Highpoint sandstones, Westhill flags and Grimes sandstone
bearing a brachiopod fauna.
Hatch sands, flags and shales
Fishes Cephalopods Lamellibranchs
Dinicthys newberryi Manticoceras pattersoni Lunulicardium ornatum
Pristacanthus vetustus M. oxy Honeoyea majora
Spathiocaris emersoni Probeloceras lutheri H. desmata
Plants Pteropods
Lepidodendron Styliolina fissurella Posidonia attica
Leptodomus interplicatus
Rhinestreet black shales
Fishes Conodonts
Palaeoniscus devonicus
Acanthodes pristis
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium velatum
Pterochaenia fragilis
Leptodomus multiplex
Crustacea
Eleutherocaris whitfieldi
Stylonurus? wrightianus
Spathiocaris emersoni
Dipterocaris
Gastropods
Loxonema noe
Macrochilina pygmaea
Palaeotrochus praecursor
Diaphorostoma rotundatum
Pleurotomaria cognata
P. ciliata
Protocalyptraea marshalli
Polygnathus dubius
Prioniodus spicatus
P. erraticus
Cashaqua shale
Cephalopods
Manticoceras pattersoni
M. apprimatum
Spathiocaris emersoni
Pteropods
Hyolithus neapolis
Tentaculites gracilistriatus
M. tardum T. tenuicinctus
M. accelerans Styliolina fissurella _
M. vagans Protospirialis minutissima
Probeloceras lutheri
P.? naplesense
Beloceras iynx
Tornoceras uniangulare
T. uniangulare var. obesum
Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana
Bactrites gracilior
B. aciculum
Orthoceras pacator
O. ontario
O. filosum
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium acutirostrum
. ornatum
. clymeniae
. hemicardioides
. velatum
. finitimum
sodale
cal alsa ol alo
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
Gastropods
Phragmostoma natator
P. incisum
P. cf. triliratum
Tropidocyclus hyalinus
Bellerophon koeneni
Cephalopoda
Sandbergeroceras syngonum
Lamellibranchs
Pterochaenia fragilis
Middlesex
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium pilosum
L. parunculus
Pterochaenia fragilis
P. fragilis var. orbicularis
P. perissa
Honeoyea erinacea
H. major
H. simplex
Paraptyx ontario
Ontaria suborbicularis
O. clarkei
O. affiliata
O. halli
Buchiola retrostriata
B. scabrosa
B. conversa
Paracardium doris
Palaeoneilo petila
P. muricata
black shale
Spathiocaris emersoni
LBrachtopods
Lingula ligea
Upper Genesee shales
Intumescens fauna absent
Genundewa (Styliola) limestone
Fishes
Dinicthys newberryi
Spathiocaris emersoni
Pteropods
Styliolina fissureila
Protospiralis minutissima
Tentaculites gracilistriatus
Cephalopods
359
Manticoceras pattersoni var. styliophilum
M. contractum
M. fasciculatum
M. nodifer
Gephyroceras genundewa
Tornoceras uniangulare var. compressum
Gastropods
Loxonema noe
Pleurotomaria genundewa
Protocalyptraea styliophila
Phragmostoma natator
P. incisum
Bellerophon koeneni
B. denckmanni
Macrochilina seneca
Diaphorostoma pugnus
360 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lamellibranchs
Lunulicardium hemicardioides
L. encrinitum
Honeoyea styliophila
Pterochaenia fragilis
P. fragilis var. sinuosa
Buchiola ? livoniae
B. scabrosa
Paracardium doris
P. delicatuluin
Crinotds Corals
Melocrinus clarkii Aulopora annectens
Taxocrinus
In the following tabulation the geographic distribution in the two
subprovinces is portrayed.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA OF THE GENESEE PROVINCE
c==common; cc=—abundant; r==rare; rr—very rare. Species marked with a dag-
ger have been found only in the black shale beds.
= ———————————————— : |
CHAUTAUQUA
NAPLES SUBPROVINCE SUBPROVINCE
Styliola or pre-
nuncial fauna
Cashaqua shales,
west
|
Len |
1
'
1
Dinicthys newberryi Clarke - - 3 F .
Palaeoniscus devonicus Clarket - - - - 2 - :
Acanthodes pristis Clarket - - : : - a inet
Pristacanthus vetustus Clarke - - - - = - :
Polygnathus dubius Hindet - — - : - a By | Pree ee
Prioniodus spicatus //indet - - - - kee =
P. erraticus Hindet - - - - = ie - ice
Stylonurus ? wrightianus Dawson (sp.) - - Sl ees *
Echinocaris ? beecheri Clarke - - - - - r
E.? longicauda Had//(sp.) - See ee ae r
Eleutherocaris whitfieldi Clarke - - - - . yr phew ce
Entomis serratostriata Sand. - - - - - may bea
E. variostriata Clarke - - - - - = -
Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke - - - - r
Cardiocaris. - - : = - = s uy c
Dipterocaris - = = : 5 2 . :
Manticoceras pattersoni Had (sp.)
M. pattersoni var. styliophilum Clarke - -
'
1
1
Lan |
Hab tcole te f (S Jowrlen ei Se bb |
'
1 '
' i
toa ta
io]
ee A ie le
aa
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 3261
Ij >
NAPLES SUBPROVINCE || CHAUTAUQUA
Manticoceras apprimatum Clarke - -
. tardum Clarke - - - -
simulator Hall (sp.) - - - =
rhynchostoma Clarke - - 7
contractum Clarke - - - -
fasciculatum Clarke - - -
nodifer Clarke - - - - -
sororium Clarke - - - -
accelerans Clarke - - - -
oxy Clarke - - = - -
vagans Clarke -. - - -
Gephyroceras perlatum Ha// (sp. Vee
G. holzapfeli Clarke - - -
e cataphractum Clarke - 2 ae
G. cf. domanicense Holzapfel - -
G. (Probeloceras ?) genundewa Clarke
Probeloceras lutheri Clarke - oes
P.? naplesense Clarke = - =
Beloceras lynx Clarke - -
Sandbergeroceras syngonum CEE -
Tornoceras uniangulare Conrad (sp.)_ -
T. uniangulare vay. obesum Clarke -
T. uniangulare vay. compressum Clarke -
T. peracutum Hall (sp.) - - -
T. bicostatum Ha// (sp.) - - -
T. rhysum Clarke - - - >
Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana Clarke - -
Bactrites gracilior Clarke - : -
B. aciculum Aad/(sp.) - - - -
Bactrites cf. subflexuosus Keys. -
Orthoceras pacator Hal/ - - -
O. ontario Clarke - - - -
QO. filosum Clarke - - - - -
O. thyestes Hal/ - - - -
O. atreus Hall - - - - -
Gomphoceras ajax Hall - | - -
G. manes Hal/ - - - - -
Hyolithus neapolis Clarke - - -
Styliolina fissurella Ha// - - -
Protospiralis minutissima Clarke -
Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall - -
es ee
| SUBPROVINCE
pre-
na
Styliola or
nucial fau
Cashaqua shales,
west
ee St
- FF
r (Ithaca)
- - Cc
=< 5
r (Ithaca)
t (Ithaca) |
es
Sa ee
362 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ; 3
CHAUTAUQUA
NAPLES SUBPROVINCE Can UROTI GE
Styliola or pre-
nuncial fauna
Cashaqua shales,
west
Tentaculites tenuicinctus Roemer - - - - - ao ie
Pleurotomaria cognata Clarke - - - : - Sol gt ge
P. itylus Clarke - - - - - - - . - ous
P. ciliata Clarke - - - - - - - - - |= = ¢
P. genundewa Clarke - . - - - - ce
Bellerophon koeneni Clarke c
B. denckmanni Clarke - - - - : c
r
5
Phragmostoma natator Hall - - - - -
P. incisus Clarke - - 2 - : E c
P. chautauquae Clarke - - : - 5 =
P. cf. triliratus Hall - - - - - : SoA Someones
Tropidocyclus hyalinus Clarke - - - F - =) il) roe
Loxonema noe Clarke - - - - = r eeu sce
L. danai Clarke - - - 2 - a é E at hae ae ee
L. multiplicatum Clarke - - = E :
Macrochilina pygmaea Clarke - - = > r
M. seneca Clarke - i? a eee r
Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke - : - - =
Callomena filosum Clarke - - - - - : - =) eee a
Diaphorostoma rotundatum Clarke Re tind, | a MeN Pon eer meh
D. pugnus Clarke - - - - r - £
Protocalyptraea Segliopbala| Cree - - r
P. marshalli Clarke - - - 2 z = Seon ee
Lunulicardium acutirostrum Hall - - - - : 2 2
. ornatum Ha// - - - : = : = ave a
. libum Clarke - - : 5 = - : . !
wiscoyense Clarke - . : 3 5 2 2S Bie ees r
accola Clarke - - - 2 = : A : 3
clymeniae Clarke - - = : Z = A atl ee
eriense Clarke - - - : 3 - = . 2 r
hemicardioides Clarke - - BS - r ed hey 23
furcatum Clarke - - = = = = 2
velatum Clarke - - - - : : E 2 ee
finitimum Clarke - - - - 2 = - : i
sodale Clarke - - - - % 3 s nailed Wee
encrinitum Clarke - 5 = = = : r
pilosum Clarke - - - E = : 3 Al aed Suro
bickense Holzapfel - - = 3 = F Ee ore Veh) o's |
absegmen Clarke - = £ : * = : Ly lig ees i eee acer a
. enode Clarke - = 2 4 5 = a ; She >:
parunculus Clarke - : - - - * = PR Pat eae \|
ote Ag elem let?)
1) bd) 34s
ae pe Saat a a al eel ne cel le gel a sos
Ce ie ie ee ee Se ee @
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 363
S . CHAUTAUQUA
NAPLES SUBPROVINCE SUBPROVINCE
Styliola or pre-
nuncial fauna
west
Cashaqua shales,
Lunulicardium beushauseni Clarke - - - - - eae ae =| JC
L. suppar Clarke - - - - - < eerie Bee = Tes, er
L. sp. nov. - : - = : : 2 E iP
L. sp. nov. - = - - é E : x Me ee ieee
L. (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale Clarke - - - ao} ee te
Pterochaenia fragilis Ha// - - > 2 : leclc Sarit na Ci l\nes Wa
var. orbicularis Clarke - 2 s : 3 UN eaters
P. sinuosa Clarke - : - : A ec
P. perissa Clarke - - : 2 = 2 2 a aE
P. elmensis Clarke - - - 7 2 i ay ute
P. cashaquae Clarke - = 2 E J - E A Wee ee rs
Honeoyea erinacea Clarke - - - - - = Site) en Onece ee
H. major Clarke - - : - = is : -
H. styliophila Clarke - : - - : c
Ie
H. simplex Clarke - : < : : f E
H. desmata Clarke - = : : - é
Paraptyx ontario Clarke - - - = : z z a x
Actinopteria sola Clarke - - = - = 2 aS ate,
Leptodesma ¢f. rogersi Hall - - - - - 2 & 2
Posidonia attica Williams (sp.) - - - : eal ena
P. mesacostalis Wzlliams (sp.) 2 = = . é
P. venusta var. nitidula Clarke - - - - Sey see ye - -
Kochia ungula Clarke - - - - - - eee - - +
Loxopteria dispar Sandberger - - - - : - - - -
L. laevis Frech - - : 2 z : 5 =| - en
LL. vasta Clarke - - = = : é = = yl oe =
L. intumescentis Clarke - : - - = = zs 5 és cea
L. corrugata Clarke - - - - - : = . : :
Ontaria suborbicularis Had/ (sp.) - = A - r ee ceerare
. concentrica v. Buch (sp.) - - - - ss | - eae
. pontiaca Clarke - - E é : : z : E Sra
. accincta Clarke - - - - 2 2 e 3
. Clarkei Beushausen (sp.) - - = : = z yg ene
. affiiata Clarke - - 2 > : = a Z t
halli Clarke - = = 2 2 “ 5 lbs 2
Euthydesma subtextile Hall - = ‘ 2 5 Z 5 2 z ss Ge
Elasmatium gowandense Clarke - - - -
Buchiola retrostriata v. aL (sp. )
B.? livoniae Clarke .- = < =
B. scabrosa Clarke - - - - 2 : =
B. conversa Clarke - - - = - =
fi ta} I} fa} @ tai
Ht @ @ 3 @ @ thi A @&
OO0O000
1
iat Wat (ey
1
1
1
1
Mh fey ta} tat nv
1
1
364 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Buchiola angolensis Clarke - -
“ lupina Clarke - -
B. cf. priimiensis Svecn. Ca
Paracardium doris Hall - -
P. delicatulum Clarke - - -
Praecardium vetustum Ha// -
P. duplicatum JAZinster (sp.)
P. multicostatum Clarke - -
Conocardium gowandense Clarke -
Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad (sp.)
P. petila Clarke - - - =
P. muricata Clarke - - -
P. brevicula Clarke - - -
P. linguata Clarke - - -
Leptodomus interplicatus Clarke -
L. multiplex Clarke - - -
Productella speciosa Hal/_ - -
Chonetes scitulus Hall - -
Crania centralis Hal/_ - - -
Lingula ligea Had/t - - -
L. triquetra Clarke - - -
L. spatulata Hal/ - - -
Lingulipora williamsana Girty -
Aulopora annectens Clarke -
Melocrinus clarkei a) Williams
Taxocrinus sf. - -
Scytalocrinus? ornatissimus all -
Cordaeoxylon clarkei Dawson -
Cladoxylon mirabile Unger - -
Cyclostigma affine Dawson - -
Lepidodendron gaspianum Dawson
L. primaevum agers - - -
Asteropteris noveboracensis Dawson
CHAUTAUQUA
NAPLES SUBPROVINCE SUBPROVINCE
west
Styliola or pre-
nuncial fauna
Cashaqua shales,
|
|
4
'
Poot ols Wt, Ud. |
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 365
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE SUBPROVINCIAL FAUNAS
The last of the tables given brings out with force the fact that, while
there is but a small proportion of species common to the extreme east and
west sections of the Genesee province in New York, there is a striking
preponderance of speciés whose genera are common to both regions. This
commonalty of genera however is a no more impressive feature of these
subprovinces than it is of the development of the Intumescens fauna
throughout the world.
We have previously noted that these subprovinces are regarded not as
contemporaneous divisions throughout, but as sequential in this degree:
that the fauna of the Naples or eastern subprovince covered the westward
area at the opening of Portage time and is represented in moderate degree
in the contracted deposits of Cashaqua shales of that area. So far as its
eastward and westward representatives are concerned, there is no important
variation, but the fauna attained its profusion of development toward the
east. The distinctive fauna of the Chautauqua subprovince comes in with
the Angola gray shales, while in the east at this time the Naples fauna
continued and at a still later date, during the perdurance of the Chautauqua
fauna at the west, was replaced by the invading brachiopod fauna. Hence
the Chautauqua is sequential to the Naples fauna in western sections and
contemporaneous with the late stages of that fauna in the Genesee valley
and eastward.
The discrepancies in these faunas east and west, we have in a measure
already noticed in our previous discussion of the cephalopods. Here we
observe the prevalence of the Manticoceras intumescens type in
both, but under very distinct expressions, the M. pattersoni of the east
being a more highly progressed species than the common M. rhynchos-
toma of the west. The smaller expressions of this genus which are
frequent in the east have a highly local significance and are absent in the
Chautauqua region. With Gephyroceras much the same is the condition.
We recognize no form of this genus in the Chautauqua subprovince except
366 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
the G. cf. domanicense Holz., but in the Genundewa limestone of the .-
east and in the Cashaqua shales of both east and west there are species of
this genus. The specially interesting Probeloceras lutheri, Belo-
ceras iynx and Sandbergeroceras syngonum are not known
nor are the genera recognized in the Chautauqua subprovince. Bactrites is
common to both faunas but not in species. We recognize in the west, in
accordance with the many other European affiliations of that fauna, B. cf.
subflexuosus, in the east B. aciculum andi Boeracilier
The mode of occurrence of Clymenia is noteworthy. It is known in
the Naples subprovince only, and, though it occurs as far west as Java, it
does not pertain to the Chautauqua fauna. Nor does it occur at a specific
or high horizon in the rocks, but, on the contrary, the fauna is long con-
tinued in typical expression after its disappearance. Herein is a noteworthy
convergence from the differentiation of facies exhibited by the European
sections. Most marked among the faunal differences are the presence and
often profusion of Euthydesma, Kochia, Loxopteria in several species,
Praecardium and Elasmatium in the Chautauqua subprovince and their
exclusion from more eastern sections, and by contrast the abundance of the
coarsely plicated forms of Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) in the east and their
absence in the west. Throughout the lamellibranchs it is noticeable that
species common to both subprovinces if abounding in one are unusual in the
other. It will be observed that, so far as we understand the succession of
fossils in the Chautauqua region, there is no sequential appearance of the
leading fossils such as Mantic. rhynchostoma, Euthydesma, Kochia,
Loxopteria and Praecardium, on the contrary they appear now to be pretty
uniformly distributed through the Silver Creek, Angola and Portland gray
soft shales and, with the other members of the assemblage, to correspond to
the sedimentation. This uniformity of distribution is equally manifested in
the leading species of the Naples subprovince. Minuter assemblages recur-
ring at brief intervals through the strata of course vary somewhat in their
combination, but the significance of such variations is here as in other cases
in the sequence of faunas, of very minor importance save as they may serve
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 367
to indicate the first or the final appearance of given species in a certain sec-
tion. It would be difficult indeed to indicate any. governing principle in
such assemblages or to draw therefrom conclusions of breadth or weight in
the interpretation of faunation.
CORRELATION OF THE FAUNA OF THE GENESEE PROVINCE WITH THE
INTUMESCENS FAUNA OF EUROPE
To enter into detail with regard to specific similarities between the
New York and other manifestations of this fauna would be to redescribe a
large measure of the entire assemblage. We have noted several species
which, ignoring fugitive variations, are here determined as identical in both
the Eurasian and American regions; many others reveal indications of closest
alliance which are provisionally designated with distinctive terms. Herein
are evinced a most remarkable uniformity and persistence of specific charac-
ters over a tremendous area of the ocean, which make this zone one notable
in geologic history for the vigor with which its life forms have perpetuated
and disseminated their distinctive traits; and, accompanying this uniformity
of bionic expression, is a singular correspondence in the rather unusual
quality of sedimentation.
We find the following species of European faunas present in the New
York basin.
Entomis serratostriata Sandberger. The index species of the Cypridina
shales everywhere ; occasionally at lower horizons (Upper Hartz). Rare in
the Cashaqua shales of Livingston county.
Entomis variostriata Clarke. In the Goniatite limestone at Bicken and
the Cashaqua shales of Livingston county.
Manticoceras intumescens Beyrich. M. pattersoni and M. rhyn-
chostoma, the principal expressions of this type in the eastern and west-
ern subprovinces respectively, differ no more from each other than the
varying expressions of M.intumescens. To apprehend the real value
of these differences in the European forms, much study is still required, for
in them doubtless is to be found the key to the origin and point of dissemi-
nation of the species. We have employed other specific terms as indicatory
368 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of significant distinctions. M.ammon (Timan) is a parallel expression
of M. pattersoni.,
M.simulatorand the extremely progressed M. oxy appertain to
the same category in New York, and likewise M. orbiculus, M. buchi,
M. carinatus etc. in Europe.
Gephyroceras cf. domanicense Holzapfel. This species has been found
in the Angola shale of Chautauqua county. Typical forms of G. domani-
cense from the Domanik are assigned to no distinctive horizon apart from
the rest of the fauna.
Tornoceras bicostatum Hall. This species, highly characteristic of the
Angola and Portland shales of the Chautauqua subprovince, is identical
with Torn. cinctum Keyserling.
Bactrites cf subflexuosus Keyserling. Of the Domanik shales; is a
species of the Angola shale of the Genesee province.
Lunulicardium bickense Holzapfel. In the Adorf limestone and the
Angola shale.
Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch. Very common in the lower horizons in
both continents.
B. priimiensis Steininger. At Btidesheim and Oberscheld; probably in
the Angola shale.
Loxopteria dispar Sandberger. This occurs at a high horizon (Clymenia
limestone, Nehden schists) in the Rhine sections. In the Chautauqua sub-
province its horizon is likewise high (Portland shale).
Lox. laevis Frech. From the Clymenia limestone at Wildungen, from
the Angola and Portland shales of Chautauqua county.
Praecardium vetustum Hall. From high horizons (Nehden shales, Cly-
menia limestone) in Westphalia and in the Angola and Portland shales of
western New York.
P. duplicatum Miinster. In the Clymenia limestone of Franconia and
the Angola shales of New York.
Euthydesma subtextile Hall. In the Clymenia and Adorf limestones
and in the Angola and Portland shales.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 369
Ontaria concentrica v. Buch. In the Adorf limestone and the Portland
shale. ;
O. clarkii Beushausen. In the shales at Oberscheld and at Naples.
Posidonia venusta Miinster. This species occurs in the Cypridina shales
of Westphalia and the Hartz, in the Clymenia limestone of Poland and the
var. nitidula in the Portland shales.
Tentaculites tenuicinctus Sandberger. In the lower horizons ‘“ Gonia-
tite limestone” of Poland, Adorf limestone and the Cashaqua shales of
Naples.
Cordaeoxylon clarkei Dawson. Very common in the Genundewa lime-
stone and occasionally in the Cashaqua shales of Ontario county. Dawson
in late papers regarded this as probably identical with Aporoxylon
primigenium Unger from the Cypridina shale of Thuringia.
Cyclostigma affine Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and
the Genundewa limestone.
Cladyoxylon mirabile Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and
the Genundewa limestone.
Kalymma grandis Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and
the Black shale of Moreland Ky.
Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke. Common in Timan and in the gray and
black shales of New York and Indiana.
Cardiocaris. In the black shales at Biidesheim and in New York.
Dipterocaris. In the black shales and limestone of Btidesheim, Timan
and New York.
The correspondence of these identical species with reference to sequen-
tial position is noteworthy. Restated in tabular form they are thus:
370 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
HIGHER HORIZONS LOWER HORIZONS
EUROPE NEW YORK EUROPE NEW YORK
’ Cypridina shales | Angola and | Matagne schists
; Clymenia limestone Portland Adorf limestone
Nehden schists shale Domanik shale
Cashaqua
shale
“~~ eS 8 eee
Entomis serratostriata - - : - % =< (mS . x
. E. variostriata - - - - - -
| Gephyroceras cf. domanicense_~ - - -
| Tornoceras cinctum - > - - - .
| Bactrites cf. subflexuosus
|
|
Lunulicardium bickense
Buchiola retrostriata_ - - - . é >with
B. priimiensis - - - - - 2 z
Loxopteria dispar - : - - -
Lox. laevis - - > . -
Praecardium vetustum - = - -
P. duplicatum - - . - -
Euthydesma subtextile - - - =
Ontaria concentrica - =
©. clarke: 1% - - - . - :
Posidonia venusta_ - - = - x
Tentaculites tenuicinctus = - - 2 - ~ ae
Spathiocaris emersoni
Cardiocaris - : - - - - : mie
Dipterocaris” - - - - - a 5 a
Cordaeoxylon clarkei_ - - - -
Cyclostigma affine - = -
Cladoxylon mirabile_ - . - -
Kalymma grandis~ - - - -
'
1
'
mm
mm OO OM OM
'
'
'
Vp Pe pe ope bd bd
'
mat ~ Co oo
'
Po
~
Tt oo a
~
'
'
1
a OO OO
Relationships in the species of the faunas, apart from these identities,
are constantly displayed and have been elsewhere referred to in more detail.
These are briefly restated. (In this list species of the lower horizons are
indicated by italics. )
REPRESENTATIVE AFFINE
Gephyroceras ? (Probeloceras ?) G. forcipifer Sandberger
genundewa Clarke °
Beloceras tynx Clarke B. kayseri Holzapfel, Marten-
berg
i Sandbergoceras syngonum Gon. tuberculoso-costatus
Clarke Sandberger
| | Tornoceras untangulare Torn. simplex v. Buch T. circumflexum
Conrad Sandberger
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Bye
T. uniangulare-obesum
Clarke
T. uniangulare-compressum
Clarke
Bactrites gracilior Clarke
Cyrtoclymenta neapolitana
Clarke
Gomphoceras atreus Hall
Orthoceras filosum Clarke
O. pacator Hall O. sp. Timan
O. ontario Clarke O. sp. Timan
Lunulicardium clymentae nov.
L.. accola nov.
L. dilatatum Beushausen,
L. parunculus nov.
Martenberg, Wildungen
L. absegmen nov.
Pterochaenia fragilis Hall.
T. circumplexum-incrassatum
Giirich
T. circumpflexum-applanatum
Giirich
LB. gracilis Sandberger
C. spinosa Atinster
G. uchtense Holzapfel, Timan
Orthoceras sp. nov.
Holzapfel, Martenberg
L. paradoxa Holzapfel,
Martenberg
L. denckmanni Beushausen,
Wildungen
P. inflatum Holzapfel,
Martenberg
Avicula hians, Waldschmidt,
Wildungen
Pteroch. uchtensis Clarke,
Timan
Honeoyea. Though species of this genus have not been specially |
reported by recent German writers, it is noteworthy that some of the shells
described by Minster in 1840 from Elbersreuth very intimately suggest
these New York forms. Of these attention may be specially directed to his
Cardium semialacum, C, paweieostartuin gincl (C, eulieeSiemenic.
Loxopteria corrugata ov. L. rugosa Frech, Oberscheld
Praecardium multicostatum
nov.
Ontarta suborbicularts Hall
O. pontiaca nov.
O. halli nov. Avicula problematica
Minster, Presseck
Conocardium gowandense
nov.
Macrochilina pygmaca nov.
Melania arcuata MJznster,
Schiibelhammer
Loxonema noe Clarke
Palacotrochus praecursor
Clarke
Pleurotomaria ciliata nov.
P. sf. Beushausen, Enkeberg
Cardiola concentrica v. Buch
C. concentrica
C. subarticulata Beushausen,
Martenberg
C. articulata Miinster, Timan
C. zbergense Beushausen,
Grund, Riibeland
M. dunkert Holzapfel,
Martenberg
Lox. arcuata Holzapfel,
Martenberg
Pleurotomarta zittelt
Holzapfel, Martenberg
P. angulata Phillips
P. globosa Holzapfel,
Martenberg
372 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Diaphorostoma pugnus nov. Naticopsis domanicensis,
Keys. Timan
Callonema pilosa ov. flolopea decheni Holzapfel,
Martenberg
Bellerophon Koeneni nov. B. tuberculatus d’ Orb. Timan
These lists suffice to demonstrate two important facts with regard to
the affiliation of the faunas :
1 The species of the lower faunas in the European and New York
expression are in many instances closely allied, but are seldom identical.
2 Specific identities prevail in the upper faunas of both regions.
RELATION OF THE FAUNA TO THE BLACK SHALES
The three bands of bituminous shales (four including the upper
Genesee slate) which are intercalated amongst the beds to which the
Intumescens fauna in New York is normal, are not to be regarded as in any
sense the proper carriers of the fauna itself. The organic contents of these
beds are few—some Lingulas and Orbiculoideas, Pterochaenia
fragilis, Probeloceras lutheri, Bactrites, fish plates and plant
remains, other organisms seldom appearing save with some concurrent
change in the sediment with increase of lime or clay content, and doubt-
less for the most part those cited with other occasional remains have
dropped down into the black muds from the higher zone of more prolific
life.
These bands of black shale are eastward outrunners from a more
continuous and extensive deposit of the same character farther westward.
One arm of this black shale deposit extends westward of New York north
of the Cincinnati dome through northern Ohio (Ohio shale) and into
Ontario about Kettle Point, Lake Huron, Bosanquet and the region south-
ward; westward into northern and thence western and southern Indiana
(New Albany shale), Illinois and western Kentucky. Another reaches
southward, east of the Cincinnati dome, through eastern Kentucky and
eastern Tennessee into Alabama. Through this mass traces of lime bands
and nodules, or lime-bearing shales, have been seldom noted, and the fossils
ee
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 BWR
which occur in the black shales have been quite generally regarded as indi-
cating the age of the Genesee of New York.’
In the area north of the Cincinnati dome* Newberry found, in a thin
gray layer near the upper part of the Ohio shale, fossils which he regarded
as indicative of the Portage fauna of New York. These are cited as
Clyncniacscomplanata Chometes speciosa Orthoceras
aciculum and Leiorhyncus quadricostatus.” For these names
Nici Need inomeloceras luther Gardiola speciosa
Co bwelimolawretrostutata), Bactrites acieulum, ly quadri-
costatum, a congeries which is indeed indicative of the Intumescens
fauna ;. Whitfield has described from the nodules occurring in the Huron
shale a number of remarkable Crustacea, Palaeopalemonnewberryi,
Echinocaris multinodosa, E. pustulosa and E. sublaevis.
Remains of Echinocaris and other Phyllocarids occur with rarity in the
Intumescens zone of New York, while Lingula ligea Hall, which
Whitfield also found in the Huron shale, is everywhere present in the black
shale bands of the Portage and occasionally in the gray shale. We may
note in passing that, though the remains of decapods have not been
observed at this stage elsewhere in America, yet Richter long ago described
from the Cypridina shales of the Thuringian Forest a species of this
character which he termed Gitocrangon granulatus.3 The Ohio
geologists agree that the black shale is there underlain by beds carrying
the Hamilton fauna. In Indiana, according to recent observation by E. M.
Kindle, the New Albany black shale rests on the Devonic limestones which
carry a profuse Middle Devonic brachiopod fauna. Mr Kindle has shown
that in these sections the black shale is interbedded with gray sandy shale,
*Dr Girty has brought together the various views which have been expressed on the
correlation of the black shale in eastern Kentucky and has described a number of species
from the beds at Vanceburg with the New York formations and other localities. (Fauna
found in the Devonian Black Shale of Eastern Kentucky. Am. Jour. Sci. 1898. 6 :384)
AGO, Ol OMG, USA. U BSA
3Richter. Beitrag zur Paldontologie des Thiiringer Waldes. 1848. p. 43.
374 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and, while the whole mass attains a thickness of only about too feet, there
are many alternations of black with the gray shale. At Lexington and
other localities of the black shale the fossils are those usual in similar
deposits eastward, Styliolina fissurella, Orbiculoidea loden-
sis, Lingula spatulata, Schizobolus concentrrems ccc, but
at Delphi Kindle has found, pyritized in blue shale, Goniatites wabash-
ensis and G. delphiensis Kindle, both species of Gephyroceras or
small individuals of Probeloceras or Manticoceras in a gephyroceran stage.
Spathiocaris occurs in these shales, as it does throughout the black and
gray bands of the Genesee and Portage in New York. No element of the
fauna obtained from these Indiana beds, however, argues very strongly for
equivalence with New York faunas later than Genesee.
The development of this shale at Irvine Ky. is stated by Williams to
continue upward beyond the Devono-Carbonic boundary,’ while the beds at
Big Stone Gap he finds to be underlain by limestone carrying Onondaga
corals. Girty calls attention further to Shaler’s opinion that the formation
in Kentucky and Tennessee represents the entire series of formations from
the top of the Oriskany to the Chemung. The earliest incursion of these
black muds on the New York area is represented by the Marcellus shales
when the sediments were distributed northward and eastward from the deep
waters lying off the southern coast of the Appalachian gulf, while the faunas
of the limestones embedded in these black Marcellus shales were derived
from the west.
The small group of species described by Dr Girty is from the base of
the black shale and shows some characters which are common to both Mar-
cellus and Genesee shales in New York ;* but one Lingula, Lingulipora
* Am. Jour. Set; 1897. ~3:'908:
2 The fauna reported consists of the following:
(1) Lingulipora williamsana, (2) Liorhynchus quadricostatum,
(3) Prioniodus armatus, (4) Sporangites huronensis?, (5) Orbiculoidea,
(6) Meristella cf haskinsi, (7) Plethospira socialis. Of these 2, 3, 4 are
known alike in both Marcellus and Genesee ; 7 is very similar indeed to P. rugulata,
|
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 375
williamsana Girty, the author also reports from the Styliola limestone
of Ontario county and from the Genesee shale on Seneca lake, N. Y.
In this shale at Moreland, central Kentucky, occurs the plant
Kalymma grandis Unger* originally described from the Cypridina
shales of Thuringia.» Though this species has not been found in New
York, yet the Styliola limestone here and occasionally the beds above have
produced other Thuringian Cypridina shale plants, Cladoxylon mira-
bile Unger and Cordaeoxylon clarkei Daws. The latter of these,
Dawson, in the final discussion of the species, regarded as very closely allied
to, if not identical with, Araucarites ungeri Goeppert (—Aporoxy-
lon primigenium Unger).
Let us note again the fact that, throughout the wide extent of. this shale
in the regions considered, it does not at any time attain the thickness which
we may ascribe to itin New York, where bathymetric conditions seem to
have been more favorable for its accumulation.
The exposures of black shale along the Sydenham river at Alvinston
and at Kettle Point (Lake Huron), Ontario, have been recently examined
by Mr Luther and show only a slight thickness (15-20 feet, but incomplete
at the top), and the bands rest directly on the Hamilton limestones. The
organic contents are largely plant remains with Sporangites huron-
ensis, a few fish plates and an impunctate Lingula, evidently L. ligea,
which is common in the Portage black bands of New York. The beds may
for stratigraphic reasons safely be regarded as exemplifying a continuation
northwestward from New York of the Genesee and Portage black mud
conditions.
which occurs in both. So it would seem that the fauna and the beds containing it might
be properly construed as representing the Devonic black shale beds of New York rather
than any one of their component parts.
* Dawson, W. & Penhallow, D. P. Canadian Record of Science. Jan. 1891. 4:242.
2 Unger.
3 A maximum thickness for the black bands in New York, (1) Marcellus, (2) Genesee,
(3) Middlesex, (4) Rhinestreet, (5) Dunkirk (2-5 to be included in the Portage), would be
about 700 feet.
376 " NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
In the regions of British Columbia now included within the districts of
Athabasca and Mackenzie, a wide expanse of black shale is known from the
Clearwater or Little Athabasca river (lat. 57° n., long. 110° w.) northward
along the Elk, Peace and Great Slave rivers to Great Slave lake (61° n.).
Meek, in giving an account of the fossils collected in this region by Kenni-
cott', and Isbister’, who had previously traversed the region with Sir John
Richardson, notes that at the mouth of the Clearwater the shales are 150
feet thick, lie on a concretionary limestone and are overlain by sandstones.
Isbister regarded these bituminous shales, on the basis of some identifications
of fossils by H. Woodward, as equivalent to the Marcellus of New York;
but Meek has shown the lower limestones to bear a middle Devonic fauna
with Hamilton characters, and the overlying sands are regarded as equiva-
lent of the Chemung. This judgment, at least so far as the character of
the lower limestones is concerned, is substantiated by Whiteaves, who has
based his study of the fossils on new material largely collected by R. G,
McConnell. Near Fort Resolution on Great Slave lake these bituminous
shales carry -Styliolina fassurella, Chometus @eerg ad
“Avicula laevis” (=—Pterochaenia fragilis), a ‘“ Lucinalike
bivalve” (probably some form of Ontaria, perhaps O. suborbicularis)
and Lingulacf.spatulata. Herein is the same indication of alliance
to the black shales fauna of New York, whether Genesee ‘or Portage, an
indication of the contiguity of the true Intumescens fauna being shown in
the presence of the ‘Lucina-like bivalve” and also in the occurrence
reported by Whiteaves (to which we have previously adverted)* of a
goniatite, undoubtedly Manticoceras intumescens, on the Hay
river, which enters Slave laké west of Fort Resolution, in association with
species characterizing the brachiopod facies or cuboides zone fauna
(Hypothyris cuboides, Pugnax pugnusg, etc.).5 Still farther
*Chicago Acad. of Sci. Trans. 1869. 1:61.
2Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1855. 11: 497.
3Contrib. to Canadian Paleontology. 1891. v. 1, pt 2.
+See part 1 of this work, N. Y. State Geol. An. Rep’t. 1896. p. 138.
5Whiteaves. Of. cit.
—_ -_
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Al
west on the Liard river the bituminous underlying limestones have been
observed. In this barely explored region and the vast territory northward
and west to the seaboard much more definite evidence of the migration
path of the Intumescens fauna is doubtless buried.'
Similarly throughout the immense and geologically unexplored region
of northern Asia we still lack all but intimations of the presence of this
fauna.
In the Timan or Petschoraland of northeastern Russia, lying on the
Frozen sea, the fauna again blooms out in its fulness and purity, that is as
an ammonoid or deep littoral congeries in calcareous banks and nodules
interbedded with bituminous shales.
Of such special interest is this occurrence for comparison with the New
York fauna that we give a brief analysis of its characteristics so far as now
known. The general character of this fauna was portrayed in the cele-
brated work of Keyserling, Wessenschaftliche Beobachtungen auf einer
Reise mm das Petscthoraland im Jahre 1843; 1846. We have given the
section on page 355, but this is not as Keyserling determined it, the upper
sands with Spirifer disjunctus being located by him as beneath the
goniatite horizon of the Domanik shale.
Holzapfel’s important treatise on the cephalopods of these Domanik
shales of southern Timan,? and the writer's memoir on the Goniatites of
the Naples fauna appeared almost simultaneously; hence neither writer
*It may be observed here, as a counterpoise to intimations of incompleteness of evi-
dence bearing on these points, that, with the close of the well ordered and carefully exe-
cuted geological survey of New York in 1843, but a handful of species had been acquired
from the Portage formations of the State, too few indeed even to indicate the relationship
with European faunas, and the formation as a whole was characterized in the final
reports as one essentially barren of organic remains. Time and labor have shown the
imperfection of this judgment (see list of species on page 360). From the vaster Cana-
dian territory, so much less systematically explored in the first instance, we may rightfully
look for proportionally greater results. --—----.-----.—--— -
Die Cephalopoden des Domanik in stidlichen Timan: Mémoires du Comité geolo-
pique. 1899, Vv. 12) MO: 3) p. 1-50; ple 1-16
378 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
had the full benefit of the other’s observations. The wonderful homo-
geneity in the development of the fauna in these two restricted regions,
separated by 129 degrees of longitude," is manifested not alone in the com-
position of generic and specific characters of the organisms, but equally in
the nature of the sediments. The latter are largely black shales with inter-
calated limestone banks. Of the nature of these sediments Holzapfel says:
The name Domanzk is applied to a dark, mostly brown, somewhat cal-
careous and strongly bituminous shale with numerous calc concretions,
which are arranged in successive layers. These concretions are the situs of
immense numbers of fossils and are often completely filled with them while
the shale itself contains but few. Once in a while one finds in the latter a
compressed cephalopod, while, on the other hand, the shields described as
Spathiocaris are quite abundant. Besides the cephalopods the limestones
contain numberless Tentaculites and also Entomis and Buchiola retro-
striata. Gastropods are rare; species of Cardiola are present, and also
a peculiar brachiopod which is related to Camarophoria.
There is nowhere else so complete a parallel in all the factors involved
in the homogenic manifestation of the fauna; and, as with these conditions
it attains the fullest development of its peculiarities, we may give brief
attention to a comparative analysis of the similarities and divergences in
these two manifestations.
Manticoceras. On inspection of the young stages as well as the adult
forms of M. intumescens, it is evident that this shell approaches M.
pattersoni most closely without attaining in respect to whorl section
the progressed adult condition of the latter. As little does it show in early
stages the plump, broad whorls of the delayed M. rhynchostoma. Itis
interesting to observe that the Domanik form of M. intumescens retains
the peculiarities of whorl section of the type of this species from the lime-
stone at Oberscheld. We have shown that M. pattersoni and M.
rhynchostoma, in adult and gerontic condition, both pass the stage
represented by these broad backed shells, the former however very much
earlier than the latter. Without difference in umbilication or other external
: The location of southern Timan is approximately 67°n., 51° e.; of western New York
(centrally) 43° n., 78° w.
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 379
feature than that specified, these three terms, intumescens, patter-
soni and rhynchostoma, express distinct paraphases of the specific
type. [See table of paraphases of Manticoceras expressed in terms of M.
pattersoni, pt 1 of this work, p. 83.|
Manticoceras ammon Keyserling is confessedly a very close ally
of M. intumescens. Study of the figures and description given by
Holzapfel impresses me with the striking agreement in essential differentials
with the typical M. pattersoni, an agreement seen not alone in the
evolution of the contour, but also in the progressive development of the
sculpture from early stages onward. I think we may fairly conclude that in
both the New York and the Timan faunas the two types are present, and
that these two stand for each fauna, in essentially the same relations to each
other.
In Manticoceras backlundi we have a broad backed shell with
lateral pilae highly developed, an expression for which we find no precise
equivalent in the Naples fauna.
It is remarked by Holzapfel that this genus is not as abundantly devel-
oped in individuals in the Domanik as in the Naples fauna, and it is a nat-
ural consequence that the variety of expression is less. But in the Naples
fauna the minor expressions of the genus are relatively of less common
occurrence. ;
Gephyroceras. We have noted in part 1 that this name, so far as
dependent on its type species, is actually synonymous with Manticoceras,
but have employed it for flat, discoid, widely umbilicated shells having a
suture differing from that of Manticoceras in degree rather than kind, the
lobes and saddles being equivalent in adulthood to an immature condition
in Manticoceras. The name as it now stands is not grounded on any speci-
fied type and hence is of itself of unsubstantial value, but it has been
employed by both Holzapfel and the writer with application to essentially
the same group of forms.
In the Naples fauna the shells that could be referred to Gephyroceras «
are relatively few, but they share with Probeloceras lutheri and
380 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Beloceras iynx the thin, disk-shaped, wide umbilicate shell, and in
respect to suture there is an easy gradation from the simple outline of
Gephyroceras into that of Probeloceras and Beloceras. Taking this series
as a whole, it constitutes in New York the most abundant element of the
goniatite fauna, and it is proper to bring it in its entirety into comparison
with that group in the Domanik called Gephyroceras, which is by much the
most prolific there in expression and individuals. Holzapfel describes 10
species of this genus, and in the Naples beds the series now includes eight
members. Many of the Domanik species attain striking dimensions and
the larger of them (G. rex, G. tschernyschewi) suggest to us the
remains of equal size which occur in soft shales in southern Erie county
(Pike’s creek), but the sutures of which have not yet been ascertained,
though they are probably progressed beyond the Gephyroceras stage and in
harmony with the prevailing habit in the fauna, namely Probeloceras.
So far as externals are concerned the Naples fauna, in Gephyroce-
ras holzapfeli, Probeloceras lutheri, P. naplesense and
Beloceras iynx, will essentially duplicate some of the Domanik species ;
and we have noted that the Angola shales of Chautauqua county carry a
species indistinguishable from G. domanicense in respect to exterior.
Its suture is not known; and, while we have ventured to designate it as
Gephyr. cf. domanicense, it is with the conviction that, in spite of
its external agreement with that species, this suture will prove to be pro-
gressed beyond the gephyroceran stage. This agreement in exterior differ-
entials amongst so important elements in the two faunas is perhaps the
most remarkable of the characteristics common to both. It shows that the
integrity of the entire group has suffered no external change throughout its
travels, while there has been definite progress internally toward more com-
plicated septation. Still further interpreted, it means that the Domanik
is the point of geographic departure of this fauna westward, its species con-
serving traits which are in part unchanged and in part progressed during
the geographic progress of the congeries.
Turning to the genus Timanites, these shells are closely umbilicated,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 381
and the suture is essentially equivalent in degree of lobation to Beloceras
iynx, but, instead of the lobes and saddles all being narrow and angled,
the lobes in Timanites acutus (type) are acute, the saddles broadly
rounded; in T. stuckenbergi both lobes and saddles are rounded.
Shells of this strange type seem to indicate a progression from Gephyro-
ceras both external and internal. Close enrolment in this group is one of
the indexes of progress, multisection of the suture another; the latter being
the manifestation of such progress which, as just noted, has alone affected
the migrants of Gephyroceras.
Prolecanites. As with the Naples fauna, the genus is represented by
only a single and rare species. Prolec. timanicus has a less divided
suture than Sandbergeroceras or Prolece. chemungensis, that
is the former has an embryonal aspect with reference to the latter, but
both are further exemplifications of the presence of inceptive forms of
this genus in the Intumescens stage.
Tornoceras. The Domanik carries two species of this genus, T. sim-
plex v. Buch, which is in effect T. uniangularis of the Naples fauna,
and T.cinctum Keyserling, which is identical with T. bicostatum
Hall. The last named in the writer’s illustrations presents the edges of the
broad hyponomic ridge apparently nearer to the back of the whorl but
specimens are not infrequent which show all the characters afforded by
A edha etal:
Bactrites. Holzapfel redescribes B. subflexuosus Keyserling,
which attains large size and bears an apparently smooth exterior and elliptic
cross section, and also an undetermined species with characteristic oblique
surface lines. We have already noted the presence in the Angola shales of
a species very similar to the former, specified as B. cf. subflexuosus,
As for the other cephalopods of the Domanik, we find excellent equiv-
alentse metic Newe Vore tanna, —Gomphoceras uchtense, cf.
Geatecucsw Liiiwoamocecas lone Gomphoceras|. timanicum,
cf. a smaller species not described in the Chautauquan subprovince, O rt ho-
ceras sp., a smooth-longicone like O. pacator, Orthoceras spa
a
382 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
subannulate shell like O. ontario or identical with a form from the west-
ern subprovince.
Spathiocaris occurs in great abundance in the bituminous shales and
lime banks of the Domanik, just as it does, and in like form, in the black
shales and sandy shales and flags of the Portage beds. It is noteworthy
that all the forms figured by Holzapfel take on the outline of S. emer-
soni, which is the prevailing form in the Portage, though in New York we
find the Cardiocaris outline as well as the doubly cleft shields, Dipterocaris
(occurring also at Btidesheim), and Holzapfel puts forward a strong argu-
ment in favor of the view that these bodies have no organic connection with
the goniatites.
This cephalopod fauna is accompanied by lamellibranchs and gastro-
pods, to which less attention has been thus far specially given. Keyserling
described Cardiola [Ontaria] tenuistriata Minst., C.[O.] con-
centricav. Buch, C,[O.] articulata Minst,, C/[Buchtela) retire.
striata, Bellerophon tubereculatus d Orb, (clo, By koenen
Naticopsis domanicensis Keys. (cf. Diaphorostoma pug-
nus) and Sigaretus uchtae Keys.
SUMMARY
1 The fauna of the Mafles beds, as the term has been heretofore
employed and as used in the title of this work, is a congeries integrated by
its organic characters and its bionomic relations from appearance to vanish-
ment and unitive in its essentiality. With contemporaneous faunas of the
Appalachian gulf it has, in its purity, no organic relation direct or sequen-
tial, but at the boundaries of the province may become implicated with the
latter by the incident of geographic contiguity.
2 This Naples fauna as a whole is geographically characterized with
greater accuracy as that of the Genesee provence. In its integrity it repre-
sents the Eurasian Upper Devonic faunas above the horizon of H y po-
thyris cuboides (Tully limestone of New York) and below the
brachiopod fauna with culminating Spirifer disjunctus, In the
New York sections, however, it is followed by and is in part contempo-
eS Se
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 383
raneous with a tremendous development of the brachiopod fauna, which is
equivalent in sequence and in composition to that of the Condroz and
Famenne sands of Belgium etc.
3 The geographic subdivision of this integral into (1) the Naples
and (2) Chautauqua subprovinces determinates: (a) the early arrival of the
lower fauna in the Genesee province, its primary occupancy of the entire
area, its eventual profuse development at the eastern end of the province
till the incoming of the brachiopod fauna from the east; (4) the subsequent
arrival of the organic assemblage which more fully exemplifies the later
stages of the Eurasian fauna, stratigraphically sequential to the feeble
western development of its predecessor, profuse in its own development in
its proper province but unable to penetrate the province of its antecursor,
consubstantial and contemporaneous with it during all its own stages but
during the later stages only of the antecedent fauna.
4 The fauna in its entirety shows a subversion of the facial differen-
tials distinguishing its European phases, and species there recognized as
successional indexes are here disvalued (Clymenia, Entomis serratos-
triata, Chiloceras). On the other hand, entire convergence of faunal
differentials is not effected, and certain indexes retain their value in both
lower and higher components of the fauna.
5 In terms of paleontology the fauna as a whole is the Intumescens
fauna, for it is permeated throughout, in the development of both of its
geographic elements, with goniatites of the type of Manticoceras
intumescens and their normal accompaniments.
6 The uniformity of expression of the fauna as a whole throughout
its world-wide manifestation is its most noteworthy character and is without
parallel.
7 By the letting down of the old Mississippian land barrier, which
guided the Middle Devonic (Hamilton) fauna from the far south into the
Appalachian gulf, the Intumescens fauna entered this region from the
northwest, and the proximal part of the path of its migration lies buried
beneath Lake Erie.
384 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
8 Analysis of progressive development in septal structure of the goni-
atites indicates that species in Timan, New York and Germany having
external differentials closely approximate, are simplest in septal expression
in Timan, more progressed in New York and attain extreme specialization
in this respect in Germany. Interpreting this as an indication of progres-
sive modification during migration we find herein additional evidence of
dispersion from Timan eastward to New York and from New York east-
ward to Europe.
Pe UANADTION OF PLATES
With much regret the author feels impelled to state that, owing to the demise of Mr
Philip Ast who for upward of 30 years lithographed with superior skill the plates for the
paleontologic reports, it became necessary to resort temporarily to less satisfactory
methods for the reproduction of the plates here presented. While this proceeding was
_deemed judicious in order to avoid too long delay in publication, the finer details of
structure shown on the excellent original drawings have suffered seriously in this process
and so wide a departure from the standard quality of the work is deplored.
385
i)
™N
1fe)
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 1
Genus tunuticarpium Miinster
Page 219
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall
[See pl. 4]
Page 229
A left valve with strong growth marks and well defined sur-
face characters. x2
Naples subprovince
Naples
A left valve; figure copied from Paleontology of New York,
v.5, pt 1, pl. 71, fig. 31, where it is stated that the specimen is
from the Chemung beds at Elmira. This statement is not
to be accepted without question.
A right valve with fine and numerous ribs
Naples subprovince
Lateral and rear views of a large left valve
Naples subprovince
A small left valve
Naples subprovince
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov.
Page 233
A small right valve. x3
Genesee valley
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) ornatum Hall
Page 231
A mature left valve
Naples subprovince
Naples
Naples
Naples
Wiscoy creek
Naples
A smaller right valve showing the coarse plications behind
the beak
Naples subprovince
Naples
A large left valve, the flatness of the plications being .some-
what intensified by maceration
Naples subprovince
Naples
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 1
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 387
11 A less oblique left valve
_ Naples subprovince Naples
12,13 A right valve with enlargement of surface
Naples subprovince Belknap’s gully, near Branchport
14 A rather transverse specimen of the left valve
Naples subprovince Naples
A oes
388
I-5
NI
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 2
Genus tunuticarpium M{tinster
Page 219
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp, nov.
Page 234
Views of a right valve, showing rear view with normal con-
vexity and coarse plications behind the beak, lateral view
with very fine surface striation, interior of valve and struc-
ture of the hinge which has been modified by a fine seam
traversing and slightly distorting the ligament area, enlarge-
ment of the surface, and side view of the vertical sical wall.
All are enlarged x3 except figure 4 which is x5
Naples subprovince Whetstone gully near Livonia
Another right valve. x2
Naples subprovince Briggs gully, Honeoye lake
Lunulicardium velatum sp. nov.
Page 237
A right valve somewhat restored. x1.5
Naples subprovince Base of Hatch hill, Naples
One of two valves in conjunction. Natural size
Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples
Enlargement of surface. x5
Naples subprovince Base of Hatch hill, Naples
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 232
A right valve showing the broad ribs and short, oblique sica
Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov.
Page 235
Sculpture cast of a right valve showing a scar which is prob-
ably muscular. x2
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 2
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers”
= ~— ’ ———
13, 14
15
17, es
19
20
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 389
The same viewed from behind showing the convexity. x2
Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples
Similar views of another right valve with the surface plication
better retained. x3
Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples
An apparently undistorted and complete internal cast of the
left valve which is referred to this species
The specimen bears a large single muscie scar and shows the
upturned broad sica. x3
Naples subprovince
. Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Another internal cast with indistinct plications. x3
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Lunulicardium finitimum sp. nov.
Papel 238
Two right valves showing the elongate form and exceedingly
INE SUAIACS StiRAIOM, 17, KAS We, <2
Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples
Lunulicardium sp. nov. ?
Page 245
Internal cast of a right valve with curved sical margin and few
coarse plications
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Lunulicardium encrinitum sp. nov.
Page 239
The valves juxtaposed showing orbicular outline and fine
surface characters. x2 |
Naples subprovince Blacksmith gully, Bristol
209
21
BP
23
24
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lunulicardium sp. nov.
Page 245
A right valve of orbicular form, long, oblique and straight
sical margin, fine concentric striae and marginal traces of
plications
Naples subprovince _ Seneca point, Canandaigua lake
Lunulicardium sodale sp. nov.
Page 238
A left valve with elongate form and relatively coarse
plications. x2
Naples subprovince
Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 239
Naples
A left valve enlarged to show the extremely fine radial
lines. x2
Naples subprovince
Naples
A right valve showing the curved sical margin and usual out-
line. x2
Naples subprovince
Parrish gully, Naples
ss
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II
10
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 3
Genus tunuticarpium Miinster
Page 219
Lunulicardium miilleri Holzapfel
Pages 221, 228
Internal cast of left valve showing pallial line and juxtaposed
or fusing muscle scars. x2
Rear view of the same. x2
Intumescens zone Martenberg, Westphalia
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) bickense Holzapfel
Page 240
A right valve showing the absence of radial surface characters
Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola
A small left valve
A larger right valve
Chautauqua subprovince
Lower Portage falls, Genesee river
A larger left valve
Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville
Lunulicardium suppar sp. nov.
Page 244
Right and left valves. Natural size
Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville
A right valve enlarged showing the imprint of the sica, the
form, contour and surface lines of the shell. x2
Anterior view of the same specimen, showing the coarse flat
plications near the sica. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville
A right valve flattened in shale
Genesee valley Lower Portage falls
ee
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Plate 3
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 393
Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 243
12 A left valve showing the orbicular outline, low, coarse pos-
terior ribs, and generally smooth surface. x2
13. Aright valve with radial plications on the posterior surface.
X2
Chautauqua subprovince . Forestville
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) enode sp. nov.
Page 242
14 Aright valve showing the relatively long and oblique sical
margin. x3
Genesee valley Lower Portage falls
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov.
Page 242
15 Aright valve showing the subcircular marginal outline and
relatively broad posterior slope. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Lunulicardium cf. inflatum Holzapfel
16 Internal cast of right valve preserving the mantle line, an
apparently posterior muscle scar and a depression at the
umbo corresponding to an internal thickening of the valve.
Intumescens zone Martenberg, Westphalia
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 243
17 A left valve with highly arched sica and faint radial lines.
Pais
18 A right valve showing the usual form and incurved post-
umbonal margin. x1.5
19 A similar valve of this species. 1.5
Naples subprovince Naples
oo
NO
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 4
Genus tunuttcarpium Miinster
7 Page 219
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov.
[See pl. 2]
Page 232
Left and right valves somewhat restored, showing the char-
acteristic broad and unequal plications.
Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov.
Page 235
A right valve preserving the extraordinarily fine radial lines
and showing the coarse plications on the posterior margin.
5
A left valve with slightly coarser radii, x1.5"
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
A right valve. x1.5
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
A small right valve slightly compressed along the sical
miaroig, “tS
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov.
Page 236
A right valve showing the flat plications, split on the anterior
slope. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov.
[See pl. 2]
Page 239
A normal left valve showing by impression the form of the
sica. X2
Naples subprovince - Naples
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 4
.-
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 395
9 A right valve provisionally referred to this species
Cashaqua shales mike Gecreel<,) Ble ico:
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall
[See pl. x]
Page 229
106A small left valve
II
12
13
14
ns)
Naples subprovince Naples
Lunulicardium sp. nov.
Page 246
Part of a left valve of a rather large elongate, obscurely plicate
species
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov.
Page 233
A normal left valve showing relatively sparse plication and
subcircular outline. x2
Chautauqua subprovince West Falls, Erie co.
The umbonal portion of right valve showing the concentric
striation
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov.
[See pl. 3]
Page 243
A right valve with arched sica and smooth surface
Naples subprovince Naples
Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov.
[See pl. 3]
Page 243
A right valve
Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie
396 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Lunulicardium? (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale sp. nov.
Page 246
16 A left (2?) valve showing the undistorted form and the surface
characters. x5
Naples subprovince Ithaca
Genus prerocHaENIA gen. Nov.
Page 247
Pterociiaenia fragilis Hall (sp.) var. orbicularis var. nov.
[See pl. 5]
Page 252
17,18 Right and left valves of large shells. x3
Ithaca province Near Noblesville, Otsego co.
Pterochaenia perissa sp. nov.
Page 253
19 A right valve with the extraordinary byssal flange. x3
Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples
Pterochaenia cashaquae sp. nov.
Page 254
20,21 Right valves. x3
go Adetiwalye., a5
23 Aright valve. x5
24 Aright valve. x3
25 Aleft valve. xs
Genesee valley Cashaqua creek
Pterochaenia elmensis sp. nov.
Page 254
26,27 Right and left valves. x3
Chavtauqua subprovince
Big Buffalo creek, East Elma, Erie co.
i te
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398 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
| PLATE 5
Genus PTEROCHAENIA gen. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 247
Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.)
Page 249
7 1 Two valves expanded and juxtaposed along the posterior
margin. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
2 Asimilar specimen. x2
Genesee shale Bristol
3. Aright valve with expanded byssal flange. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
4 Aleft valve. x3
Genesee shale Moscow
5 Interior of left valve. x3
6 Interior of right valve. x3 .
Naples subprovince Naples
A right valve. x3
NI
Marcellus shale Chapinville
8 Aright valve. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
9,10 Enlargements of a barite replacement showing the contour of
the valve, the width of the flange and the umbonal ridge
between the flange and the beak
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Pterochaenia fragilis var. orbicularis var. nov.
[See pl. 4]
Page 252
11 A right valve showing the orbicular outline. x2
Genesee shale Penn Yan
12, A fight valve, x3
Naples subprovince Naples
eh SPST LE
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Plate 5
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
~~ = Le . ‘ee
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16
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22
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 399
Two superposed valves. x3
Naples subprovince Ithaca
A large right valve. x3
Genesee shale Aurora, Cayuga lake
A left valve. x2
Genesee shale
A right valve. x2
Genesee shale Aurora, Cayuga lake
Pterochaenia sinuosa sp. nov.
Page 253 A
A right valve showing the contour of the surface. x3
Two views of a left valve. x3
Exterior and interior of a right valve with broad sica. x3
A more elongate right valve with very broad sica. Ke
_ Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
———-
400
4
=
s8)
16
Ls
18
19
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 6
Genus HonroyEA gen. NOV.
Page 255
Honeoyea simplex sp. nov.
Page 259
Three views of a left valve showing the finely and uniformly
striated exterior, the sharply defined posterior crescent and
slightly arched sical margins. x5
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Honeoyea styliophila sp. nov.
Page 258
Views of a large right (?) valve
Enlargement of the surface of a valve. x3
Three views of a left valve. x2
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Honeoyea major sp. nov.
Page 258
An internal cast of the left valve. x4
The exterior of the same specimen. x4
A right valve. x3
A left valve. x3
A right valve. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
Honeoyea erinacea sp. nov.
Page 256
A left valve, a barite replacement. x3
Another replacement of this valve retaining the spines. x5
Cardinal view of a right valve. x3
Cardinal view of the specimen represented in figure 15. x3
Cardinal view of the specimen shown in figure 16. x5
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Plate 6
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J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
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NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 4O1 |
20) Aeletitavalveaus x3 |
21 A right valve with spines. x5
22 Aright valve. x3
Naples subprovince
Naples and the region about Honeoye lake
Honeoyea desmata sp. nov.
: Page 260
ae IM lent syelhie, 353
Naples subprovince Tannery gully, Naples
:
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.
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402
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 7
Genus parapryx gen. nov.
Page 261
Paraptyx ontario sp. nov.
Page 262
A left valve
Umbonal portion of left valve showing striated crescent. x2
A left valve
A right valve
Enlargement of a part of the right valve showing character of
crescent. x3
Views of a barite replacement showing the character of the
crescent
A left valve
A left valve indicating the notable similarity in form and plica-
tion to the following species from which it differs in cardi-
nal structure. XI1.5
Naples subprovince Naples
Genus onraria gen. nov.
Page 279
Ontaria clarkei Beushausen (sp.)
Page 288
A right valve. x2
Cardinal portion of a right valve. x2
Right valves. x2
A small left valve. x2
A small right valve
Two small right valves
A large right valve
A right valve. x2
Cardinal views of specimens having the valves conjoined
Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Plate 7
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
Ontaria affiliata sp. nov.
Page 290
21 Right valve. x2
22 Enlargement of surface. x4
Naples subprovince
Ontaria halli sp. nov
[See pl. 8]
Page 290
23 A left valve
24 A left valve. x2
244 Enlargement of surface. x4
Naples subprovince
403
Naples
Naples
ay
404
on
“ioe
ioe)
iit
L2
13
14
15
16
17
18
A)
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PEATE Se
Genus ontaria gen. nov.
Page 279
Ontaria suborbicularis Hall (sp.)
Page 282
A left valve with smooth surface
A right valve with concentrically lined surface
A left valve radially lineate outside the single strong growth
line
A right valve with radial striations and distant growth lines
Profile of a valve showing an abrupt marginal deflection
Enlargemeit of surface of frontal slope on the preceding,
showing cancelating striae. x3
A right valve with regular and sharp concentric lines
Naples subprovince Naples
Interior of the umbonal region from a barite replacement. x5
Cardinal view showing the very narrow cardinal area. x5
Cardinal view of another replacement. x5
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
A right valve with radially striated surface. x1.5
Naples subprovince Naples
A left valve with sharp concentric lines
Cashaqua shale Attica
A left valve with sharp concentric lines about the margin
A left valve with concentric lines only
A left valve with both concentric and radial striae
A right valve with cancelating striae
A valve with subcentral beak and sharp regular concentric
striae. x2
A right valve with obscure concentric markings and well
marked larval shell. x2
A right valve, oblique in form and concentrically marked. x1.5
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 8
(
a
|
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!
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!
4 G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
23,
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 405
20 Enlargement of surface. x3
21
22
25
26
27
28
Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity
Among these shells several show a normal obliquity and to
some such valves Hall applied the term Lucina retusa,
Figures 2, 3, 11 and 16 are examples of this form.
Ontaria pontiaca sp. nov.
Page 287
The original specimen which is a smooth shell with relatively
long hinge line
Chautauqua subprovince Pontiac
Ontaria accincta sp. nov.
Page 288
Conjoined valves with smooth surface and large prodisso-
‘conchs. x3
Left and right valves. x3
A larger right valve. x3
Genesee valley Cashaqua creek
Ontaria concentrica v. Buch (sp.)
Page 286
A specimen referred to this species, with subcentral beak,
sharply defined concentric striation and obscure radial plica-
tions behind the beak. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Ontaria sp. ?
A large left valve with oblique umbo and fine concentric
lineation. Natural size
Naples subprovince Naples
Ontaria halli sp. nov.
[Sea pl. 7]
Page 290
A right valve showing the finely radial and corrugated exte-
IOs, x2
Naples subprovince Naples
406
io)
4, 5
NI
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 9
These singular valves have a striking resemblance to some of
the clavicle-bearing genera like Ischyrina Billings and
Technophorus Miller, which are commonly regarded as
lamellibranchs. On comparison of the specimens with
these genera it seemed to us likely that they too were to be
regarded as of similar nature. Hence their appearance
here. We are, however, more inclined to regard them as
bodies like Ribeiria and Ribeirella which Schubert and
Waagen (the founders of the latter genus) have shown to
be apodiform crustaceans [Jahrb. der k.k.geol. Reichsanst.
1903, 53:337]|. The valves occur in considerable numbers
crowded together in a dark shale at Livingstonville, Scho-
harie co. N. Y., and though the parts are sometimes in appo-
sition, they have usually been twisted apart. Interesting is
the presence of two clavicles on the interior, a small one
directed forward (which is extremely obscure in the figures)
and a stronger pointing backward. It is doubtless true that
Technophorus is a ribeirioid crustacean and though it may
not be safe to positively refer the specimens here figured to
either Ribeiria or Ribeirellawe may provisionally denomi-
nate them as Ribeiria? prosseri. The specimens
were discovered and collected by Prof. C. S. Prosser in the
horizon of the Oneonta sandstone.
Genus caxpromorena De Koninck
Cardiomorpha obliquata sp. nov.
A right valve
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Side and cardinal views of a right valve
Chautauqua subprovince
Little Canadaway creek, Lake Erie
A right valve
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
A left @) valve. xr.5
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 9
ia
G. S. Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
T5
16
17
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 407
Genus surnypesma Hall
Page 2g
Euthydesma subtextile Hall
Barelege
A left valve showing oblique corrugations and postumbonal
ribs
The posterior portion of the ligament area from a squeeze. x2
A left valve with fine concentric and radial striae
A cast of the outside of the central part of the ligament area
showing the striation and the median fold on the hinge. x2
The same viewed from above or the cavity of the beak. x2
A small right valve with cancelating surface markings
A large right valve
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
A small valve showing a cicatrix or fold running obliquely
forward from the beak with growth lines concentric to it
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
A small suberect shell
A young shell with fine umbonal ribs
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
408
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 10
Genus sucnrora Barrande
Page 2094
Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch (sp.)
Page 295
A left walves "xe
Cast of the exterior of a left valve. x3 _
Other left valves. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
Cardinal view from a replacement showing upturned edge of
cardinal area. x5
Umbonal views of right valves showing the thin upturned
edge of the hinge line. x5
Interior view of the cardinal region. x5
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Conjoined valves. x3
Conjoined valves of a much smaller shell. x6
A right valve with structure and ornamentation sharply
defined. x3
Small valves expanded in conjunction. x6
Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity.
Anterior view of a replacement with the valves in normal
apposition. xX1o
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Enlargement of a marginal part of the ribs on which the
recurved lines are very fine. x3
Genesee shale } Canandaigua lake
Buchiola hali sp. nov.
Page 301
The specimen termed Glyptocardia speciosa | Pal.
N.Y. v.5, pt 1,-pl. 70; fig.9] redrawn, ~x3.9) Thisiis the type
of Bh ad las
Marcellus shale Skaneateles
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
i)
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Plate 10
4.
J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
16
17
18, 19
20
21
227
23, 24
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 409
Enlargement of the surface of another valve. x5
Hamilton shale Cayuga lake
Buchiola ? (Puella ?) sp.
A flattened valve with numerous ribs and fine, more or less
continuous concentric striae. The relations of this shell
are quite uncertain. x3
Naples subprovince Rhinestreet shales, Naples
Buchiola cf. prumiensis Steininger
Page 302
Valves of the same example showing the distinctive char-
acters. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola
Buchiola conversa sp. nov.
Page 300
Expanded valves. x4
Chautauqua subprovince Farnham creek, Lake Erie
A right valve. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Angola
A right valve showing the subcircular outline, the broad and
concave ribs with elevated edges and very narrow interven-
ing furrows. x5
Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola
Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov.
Page 298
Expanded valves of two individuals bearing (in figure 23 in
later growth only) the very fine concentric striation, the ribs
being broadly rounded without sharply defined edges and
with very narrow intervening grooves. x4. These are speci-
mens figured among the illustrations of Glyptocardia
Spicemomearbyaidalla|PalysN We v5) pt 1, pli7o, fg. 25 3):
Genesee shale Bristol
410 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Ht | Buchiola scabrosa sp. nov.
| Page 299
| ) 25-27 Three views of a left valve showing convexity, the scabrous
character of the recurved growth lines on the ribs over the
median portion of the shell. x5
28 Another right valve. x3
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Buchiola angolensis sp. nov.
li Page 300
il 29 A left valve showing fine concentric lines and coarser concen-
tric furrows, also the rounded ribs and narrow grooves. x3
30. Left valve. >xe
31 A left valve having one dichotomous rib. x2
32 A portion of the surface. x6
| Chautauqua subprovince
Big Sister and Farnham creeks, Lake Erie
33. A small left valve with strong concentric grooves, referred
with some doubt to this species. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Buchiola lupina sp. nov.
Page 301
34 Aleft valve. x6. The character of the ribs in this specimen
| is more like that shown on figure 36.
| 35 A portion of the surface of another valve. Enlarged
| | 36 A left valve with rounded spreading ribs and fine concentric
| lines. x4
i) Cashaqua shales Mouth of Wolf creek near Mt Morris
per . a
412 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 11
Genus sucutora Barrande
[See pl. 10]
Page 294
Buchiola (?) livoniae sp. nov.
Page 299
1 A right valve showing the numerous ribs and very fine con-
I | centric lines. x5
| Naples subprovince
| Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
2 Aleft valve. x5
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Livonia salt shaft
Buchiola cf. eifelensis Beushausen
3. Cardinal view of an internal cast showing serrations on the
hinge. x6
Lower Upper Devonic Biidesheim, Germany
Hy | Genus paracarpium Barrande
Page 303
| Paracardium delicatulum sp. nov.
| Page 304
4 A right valve showing the very fine radial lines. x5
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
H | 7 :
1 Paracardium doris Hall
| | Page 304
| 5,6 Interior views of replacements of both valves showing the
| entire absence of articular processes. x10
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
7 A right valve, transverse from compression. x5
||
| 8 Aleft valve. x3
~— = i> _ ol
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 11
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers.
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NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 A1l3
A left valve of more nearly normal outline. x5
Naples subprovince Rock Stream
A left valve enlarged. [Copy from Pal. N.Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o,
fig. ro. |
Genesee valley Cashaqua creek
Genus prarcarpium Barrande
Page 305
Praecardium vetustum Hall
Page 306
A right valve showing the oblique form and distant flat ribs
A left valve with the posterior portion flattened and hence
showing more ribs
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
A normal left valve with flat ribs, broad flat intervals and fine
concentric striae. XI.5
Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills
Another left valve. x2 |
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
A left valve. [Copy from Pal. N. Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o, fig. 19]
Chautauqua subprovince Shore of Lake Erie
Two views of an internal cast showing the smooth area beneath
the beak. x2
Squeeze of exterior of the cardinal area showing an elongate
ligament surface. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
A left valve. Natural size
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Praecardium melletes sp. nov.
Page 307
A left valve showing the sparse and distant ribs. x2
From the sandstone with Chemung brachiopods lying above
the Portage beds, in Terry’s ravine, Forestville
414 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Praecardium multicostatum sp. nov.
Page 308
21 A right valve showing the flat and slightly concave ribs. x3
22 A left-walvwessaxe
23 Another left valve with similar features as figure 21
24 A left valve: x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Praecardium duplicatum Miinster (sp.)
Page 307
25 A left valve bearing broad ribs, flattened and quite concave
on top, and with sharply elevated edges; the intervening
grooves have nearly the same width as the double ribs. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville
Genus puetta Barrande
Page 309
Puella sp.?
26 A small shell possibly representing this genus; the only one
as yet found within the Portage formation
Naples subprovince Cook’s ravine, Canandaigua lake |
Puella sp.
27,28 Two valves showing the character of the exterior. x1.5
Genesee shale Seneca point, Canandaigua lake
Puella sp.?
29 A right valve of uncertain relations
Genesee shale Iron Bridge Mills, Cayuga creek
14
15
17
18
19
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 12
Genus postponra Bronn
Page 264
Posidonia mesacostalis Williams (sp.)
Page 267
A left valve. x3
A right valve. x3
Left valves. x3
Chautauqua subprovince
Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville, Wyoming county
A right valve, x3, with highly developed ear
External cast of right valve with the opposite valve over-
lying. x3
A left valve. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola
Posidonia attica Williams (sp.)
Page 265
Right and left valves of the same individual. x3
A right valve. x5
Naples subprovince Pogue’s hill, Dansville
A right valve. x5
Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola
A right valve. x3
Enlargement of a portion of the surface. x5
Naples subprovince Pogue's hill, Dansville
Posidonia venusta Miinster var. nitidula var. nov.
Page 268
Right valves. x2
The two valves in juxtaposition. x3
A right valve. x3
Chautauqua subprovince
16, 17, 19 Correll’s point, Lake Erie; 18, Gowanda
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 12
G. S. Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
20
21-27
28
29
30
31
32-34
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 417
G E€nuS ACTINOPTERIA H all
Page 263
Actinopteria sola sp. nov.
Page 263
A left valve. x10
Cashaqua shales Cashaqua creek
Genus ELASMATIUM Qe€n. NOV.
Page 293
Elasmatium gowandense sp. nov.
Page 294
A series of left valves showing the bending of the shell along
the principal clavicular ridge. Indications of the secondary
or posterior internal ridge are shown in figures 23, 24, 27
Deleft valves | x2
A large left valve
Chautauqua subprovince Gowanda and Forestville
Genus tepropomus McCoy
Page 315
Leptodomus multiplex sp. nov.
Page 315
A right valve showing the surface characters
Naples subprovince Rhinestreet black shale, Naples
Genus mopretxa Hall
Page 316
Modiella sp. ?
Page 316
Internal cast of a right valve. x2
Naples subprovince Naples
Leptodomus interplicatus sp. nov.
Page 315
Three views of the shell variously compressed ind showing
the characteristic surface features
Naples subprovince In the Hatch shales, Naples
Gowanda
*
Page 310
xX2
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Genus conocarpium Bronn
Conocardium gowandense sp. nov.
The median part of the surface enlarged.
Chautauqua subprovince
r
35 The left valve.
36
420
nN wm
Sy
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 13
Genus kxocu1a Frech
Page 269
Kochia ungula sp. nov.
Page 270
Two views of a left valve, showing the arched contour,
incurved and recurved beak. The specimen has suffered
some compression which has lessened its actual curvature
A series of small arched valves
A flat valve which provisionally is regarded as the right valve
of this species. X1.5 .
Another of these flat valves incomplete on the right margin
which gives it the expression of reversal with reference to:
figure 6. It is believed that both represent like valves. x1.5
Cardinal view of an internal cast of the arched valve from
which the umbo has been removed showing the cardinal
structure. X2
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Genus toxorrerra Frech
Page 271
[See ple x4]
Loxopteria dispar Sandberger (sp.)
Page 272
A nearly entire left valve showing contour and surface charac-
ters. 7X15
Left valves. x1.5
Right valves. x2
Surface of the left valve. x3
Incomplete right valves
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Loxopteria vasta sp. nov.
Page 275
18 A large right valve
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 13
a a
G. S. Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
422 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 14
Genus toxorrerta Frech
} Page 271
} [See pl. 13]
Loxopteria laevis Frech
Page 274
| 1-4 Right valves, showing the depressed surface and sharply
elevated wing. All x2 except figure 3 which is an enlarge- |
ment of the umbonal region showing the larval concavity at
| the beak. x5 .
| 5-9. Left valves: “xis
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville and Gowanda
Loxopteria (Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov.
Page 276
8-14, 16,17 A series of left valves showing the usual aspect and variations
| of these shells in-different growth stages. Figure 16 is a
cardinal view showing the vertical area below and behind
the beak. Figure 10 shows a portion of the surface with
the large larval shell. Figure 17 is an elongate shell of
quite usual outline. Figure 10, x3; 1%, x2 eie—i4y crs),
Chautauqua subprovince
|
| 16; 17,.x2
Walnut creek, Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Loxopteria (Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov.
Page 277
15, 18-26 A series of left valves showing the variation in the character
of the corrugated surface. Figure 15, 19-21,.%25°22,%3,,
23, H2' (24S R15 (25.620, X2
| Chautauqua subprovince
Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie
LAMELLIBRANCHS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 14
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
rh,
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Lil Pat
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424
3, 455
TO, TE
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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 15
Genus pataronemo Hall
Page 311
Palaeoneilo petila sp. nov..
Page 311
Sculpture cast of a right valve. x2
Sculpture cast of a left valve. x2
Naples subprovince Naples
Three views of a specimen with the valves in normal apposi-
tion; a barite replacement. x3
The exterior of a right valve; a replacement. x3
The same from within showing the straight and numerous
denticulations, the relatively broad cardinal platform and
the position of the muscle scars. x5
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
An internal cast showing the cardinal denticulations. x5
Chautauqua subprovince Pontiac N.Y.
Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad (sp.)
Page 311
A right valve. x2
Left and right valves. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie
Cast of cardinal area of left valve, showing the curvature of
the denticuiations and sockets. x10
A left valve. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Palaeoneilo muricata sp. nov.
Page 312 ,
Exterior of a barite replacement of the left valve showing the
three umbonal ridges and furrows, strong and posteriorly
lamellose growth ridges. x7
<<
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
LAMELLIBRANCHS
il
Pui
Stee,
Plate 15
J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers
15
16
17h, Ke)
19-21
22
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 425
Interior of the same showing the character of the cardinal
denticulations. x7
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Palaeoneilo brevicula sp. nov.
Page 313
The exterior of the left valve ; the only specimen observed. x5
Chautauqua subprovince ,
Forks of Cattaraugus creek, Gowanda
Palaeoneilo linguata sp. nov.
Page ard
Sculpture casts of right valves. x2
Sculpture cast of left valves. x2
A right valve somewhat compressed posteriorly and showing
the cardinal denticulations. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
426
I, 2, 4,5
TI-15
‘ 16, 17
ee a5
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 16
Genus puracmostoma Hall
Page 322
Phragmostoma natator Hall
Page 325
Specimens from the Cashaqua shales showing the usual form
and the concentric surface markings
Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity
A smaller example
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Phragmostoma cf. triliratum Hall
Page 327
An incomplete specimen showing the divergent dorsal ridges
on the lateral slopes of the shell
Naples subprovince Hamilton gully, Honeoye lake
Phragmostoma incisum Clarke
Page 327
An entire specimen showing the marginal outline and the
incised revolving lines. x1.5
Front view of a replacement showing the striation. x3
Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake
Two views showing the normal contour of the shell but
incomplete at the marginal outline. x3
Naples subprovince Naples
Views of barite replacements showing the form of the flattened
and excavated umbonal callus with the reflected lip. 11, 13
and 15, x3; 12 and 14, x2. Figure 15 is from the same
specimen as figure 8.
Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake
Two small specimens from the shales
Naples subprovince Naples
__
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
GASTROPODS
Plate 16
G. S. Barkentin del.
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 427
Genus carryarorsis Hall
Page 323
Carinaropsis ithagenia sp. nov.
Page 323
18 An external cast showing the umbonal platform
20 Internal cast of the same, showing that the platform is
medially ridged
Ithaca beds Canasawacta creek, Norwich
19 The interior of a larger specimen
Ithaca beds Brookins quarry near Norwich
428
7,8
IG; 11
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATES 1
Genus puracmostoma Hall
[See pl. x6]
Page 322
Phragmostoma chautauquae sp. nov.
Page 328
Side view of the innermost volutions showing the revolving
confluent lines. x5
Dorsal view of an older shell in which the seam is developed.
The revolving lines have disappeared, their place being.
taken by fine concentric lines. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills
Apertural view of an adult specimen, somewhat incomplete
but showing the explanate stoma. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Portion of the ultimate whorl. x2
Part of a young shell with coexistent revolving and concen-
tric lines. x5
Dorsal view of avery young shell in which the peripheral seam
is only suggested and the revolving lines are seen to be
confluent and interrupted. x10
Two nearly adult shells with concentric ornaments only. The
latter shows the premature closing of the peripheral
seam. x3
An enlargement of a young shell with confluent revolving
striae. X10
Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills
Two mature but compressed individuals. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
GASTROPODS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 17
4 r
eases AE
rene etsy
re
ad
no
rere
G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
12-14
iS
16
17-20
Di DD
a)
2)
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 429
Genus BettErorHon Montfort
Page 320
Bellerophon eines sp. nov.
Page 320
Views of a replacement in barite, partially incomplete but
showing contour and external characters. x2
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Dorsal view of an old example showing the reappearance of
concentric lines about the later parts of the shell. x2
Exterior of an adult shell, a replacement
Replacements exposing the inner whorls, the first three
showing the gradual assumption of the tuberculous ornament,
and all enlarged x2; except figure 18 which is x1o and
shows the fine concentric lines which precede the appearance
of the tubercles.
Dorsal and side views of a small individual. x2
Another young shell. x2
Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex
Bellerophon denckmanni sp. nov.
Page jer
Views of a replaced shell. x5
Naples subprovince ~ Genundewa limestone, Middlesex
Dorsal views of two individuals. x5
Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Bristol
430
al
i)
ees)
6,77
8-10
II
12, 13
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 18
Genus rrorrpocyctus De Koninck
Page 330
Tropidocyclus hyalinus sp. nov.
Page 331
Apertural and dorsal views of a replacement showing the trilo-
bation of the stoma and back, due to the median ridge. x5
Side view of a smaller shell. x5 |
Side view of an entire shell showing the form of the aperture,
the degree of umbilication and the character of the surface
markings. x7
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
Genus cattonema Hall
Page 337
Callonema filosum sp. nov.
: Page 337
The original specimen. x5
Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills
Genus toxoyema Phillips
Page 332
Loxonema noe Clarke
Page 332
Very young shells with convex and essentially smooth whorls ;
enlarged about 13 diameters
Essentially entire shells, all replacements in barite. x3
Naples subprovince
Localities about Naples and Honeoye lake
Loxonema danai sp. nov.
Page 333
A shell overgrown with Aulopora. x2
Two examples showing the numerous whorls and the obscure
surface markings. x2
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
GASTROPODS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 18
G. S. Barkentin del. ; J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 A431
Loxonema multiplicatum sp. nov.
Page 333
14 The original specimen with broad whorls and coarse surface
markings
Chautauqua subprovince
Upper Portage falls, Genesee river
Genus macrocaumina Bayle
Page 334
Macrochilina seneca sp. nov.
Page 334
15,16 Two specimens showing the short spire and relatively large
body whorl. Each x1o
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Macrochilina pygmaea sp. nov.
Page 334
17 An entire shell replaced in barite. x20
Naples subprovince Honeoye lake
18,19 Two larger shells. x20
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
432 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 19
Genus PROTOCALYPTRAEA Clarke
Page 339
Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke
Page 339
1-3 Views of the original specimen, the shell being somewhat
restored to its normal outline ; a barite replacement. x3
Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake
4-6 Sculpture casts from the shales, showing the spiral suture. x2
Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke
Page 339
7,8 Two views of the original specimen showing the internal course
of the whorls. x2
9 Surface of the same enlarged to show the concentric striae. x5
Naples subprovince
Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake
Genus p1rarHorostoma Fischer
Page 337
Diaphorostoma lutheri sp. nov. |
10 An internal cast representing a shell apparently malformed
in having the periphery of the final whorl strongly
indented. x1.5
14 The exterior of an associated shell showing the general aspect
and elevation of the whorls. x1.5. The final whorl in this
species is full and rotund but less sothan in D.rotunda-
tum and the spire is higher.
Naples subprovince Naples
Diaphorostoma (Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov.
Page 337
11-13. Three views of the exterior showing the inflated body whorl
and the very low spire. x3
Chautauqua subprovince Angola
Plate 19
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
GASTROPODS
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
a ee oe oe a - ee
|
f
}
T5
16
17-26
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 433
Diaphorostoma pugnus sp. nov.
Page 338
A specimen from the Melocrinus plantation above the
Genundewa limestone
Naples subprovince Blacksmith ravine, Bristol
A specimen found attached to a Melocrinus calyx
Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie
Genus patarorrocuts Hall
Page 335
Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke
Page 335
A series of views mostly of entire shells, preserved as replace-
ments in barite. In figure 24 will be observed the gradual
passage of the ornament from the concentric ridges of the
earliest whorls into the revolving rows of tubercles which on
adult whorls are crossed by fine concentric lines [fig. 26 |.
Figure 20 isa calcareous specimen from the shales ; figure 25
an internal cast showing the internal excavation of the outer
lip. All are enlarged to two diameters except figure 18, x3
and figure 24, x5.
Naples subprovince From the shales at Naples and
the concretions on Honeoye lake
Chautauqua subprovince In the concretions at Java village
Genus prevrotromaria Defrance
Page 316
Pleurotomaria capillaria Conrad cognata mut. nov.
Page 317
The exteriors of these shells. x2
The lower portion of the final whorl. x4
Naples subprovince Naples
An incomplete specimen. x2
Naples subprovince Lodi falls
4
re)
4
&&
=
Los)
Le)
ies)
ios)
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pleurotomaria itylus sp. nov.
Page 318
An enlargement of the surface
The exterior of the shell
Chautauqua subprovince Forestville
Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov.
[See pl. 20]
Page 319
Apertural view of a barite replacement. x5
Axial view of the interior. x5
Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex
436
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
PLATE 20
Genus prevrotomaria Defrance
Page 316
Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov.
[See pl. 19] =
Page 319
1-7 Various views of this species showing the limits of variation in
the character of the exterior. All enlarged x5 except fig-
ures 1 and 5 which are x3.
Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex
Pleurotomaria ciliata sp. nov.
Page 318
8-14 A series of views showing the expression and variations of the
shell. x5
Naples subprovince
From the concretions in Whetstone gully, Conesus lake
Genus PRorosPIRIALIs gen. NOV.
Page 340
Protospirialis minutissima Clarke
Page 340
rst Various views of these tenuous and smooth shells enlarged to
9 8
5 diameters
Naples subprovince Barite replacements
from the calcareous concretions of Honeoye lake
Genus rentacuuites Schlotheim
Page 342
Tentaculites tenuicinctus A. Roemer
Page 343
20 A specimen enlarged 10 diameters
21 Astill greater enlargement to show the character of the
annulations
Naples subprovince
In the arenaceous concretions at Naples
Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum
G. S. Barkentin del.
GASTROPODS
Plate 20
J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers
14
’
-
.
>
= a eel eee AO ea aah en a Ae ieee Ae eeneetiieaedinsce oo en de te ae ee a er ae a =
—~ _ > — Ses age Se ——————— = ———— ——
NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 437
Genus nyoxrraus Eichwald
Page 341
Hyolithus neapolis Clarke
Page 34z
22-30 Aseries of specimens representing both aspects of this species.
Figures 27-29 are of a replacement which preserves normal
contour and the form of the aperture; figure 30 is the only
specimen observed from the Chautauqua subprovince, the
rest are from the shales and concretions about Naples and
Honeoye lake. All are enlarged 1.5 diameters except
figures 27—29 which are x7.
vv Ah
¥
INDEX
Page numbers referring to descriptions are printed in black face type.
Aachen, Intumescens fauna, 351, 352.
Acanthodes, 202.
pristis, 358, 360.
Actinocrinidae, 349.
Actinopteria, 263-64.
boydi, 263.
delta, 264.
epsilon, 264.
eta, 264.
perstrialis, 264.
sola sp. nov., 263-64, 363.
explanation of plate, 417.
Adorf limestone, 351, 353, 354, 368, 369,
370.
Agassiz, A., cited, 201.
Alabama, black shale, 372.
Alps, eastern, Intumescens fauna, 353-54.
Altai, Intumescens fauna, 355.
Alvinston, Canada, 375.
Ambonychias, 227.
Ammonitoid faunas, 350.
Amnigenia catskillensis, 205.
Amphigoniacea, 225.
Andrussow, cited, 200.
Angola N. Y., 266, 300, 301, 303, 338.
Angola shales, 214, 345, 348, 357, 365, 366,
368, 370, 380, 381.
Aporoxylon primigenium, 369, 375.
Appalachian gulf, 199; apex must have
reached to Albany, 204; bionic provinces
during Portage time, 209-11.
Araucarites ungeri, 375.
Archaeopteris, 206.
Archanodon, 205.
Astarte subtextilis, 292.
Asteropteris, 201.
noveboracensis, 364.
Athabasca, Canada, 376.
Athyris cora, 307.
Attica N. Y., 257, 266.
Aulopora, 218.
annectens, 360, 364.
Aurora N. Y., 252.
Avicula, 226, 294, 295.
dispar, 271, 272.
fragilis, 247, 249, 250.
hians, 265, 371.
laevis, 376.
problematica, 371.
speciosa, 295.
Aviculoids, 218.
Aviculopecten, 247.
fragilis, 249.
Bacterium hydrosulfuricum ponticum, 200.
Bactrites, 352, 354, 357, 306, 372, 381-82.
aciculum, 212, 358, 361, 366, 373.
carinatus, 355.
gracilior, 358, 361, 366, 371.
gracilis, 352.
subflexuosus, 353, 355, 301, 306, 368, 370,
381.
Bainbridge O., 347.
Barcelona N. Y., 293, 306, 311.
Barrande, J., cited, 216, 219, 221, 269, 277,
279, 281, 305.
ALOIS © eciteds ahs
Bavaria, Germany, black shales, 200.
Beaver Dams N. Y., 318, 326.
Beilstein, Germany, 278.
Belgium, Intumescens
brachiopod fauna, 383.
Bellerophon, 218, 320-22,
fauna, 351, 352;
440 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Bellerophon alutaceus, 320, 321.
curvilineatus, 330, 331.
cyrtolites, 330.
denckmanni sp. nov., 321-22, 359, 362.
explanation of plate, 429.
expansus, 323, 325.
incisus, 327.
koeneni sp. nov., 320-21, 359, 362, 372,
382.
explanation of plate, 429.
leda, 322, 323.
macrostoma, 323.
maera, 320, 321.
nactus, 320.
natator, 324, 325.
patulus, 323, 324.
(Phragmostoma) rhenanus, 324, 325.
striatus, 320, 328, 320.
(Phragmostoma ?) tricarinatum, 327.
triliratus, 327.
tuberculatus, 320, 372, 382.
Beloceras, 380.
gracilis, 371.
iynx, 281, 358, 361, 366, 370, 380, 381.
kayseri, 353, 354, 370.
multilobatum, 353, 354.
Bennettsburg N. Y., 318, 326.
Beushausen, L., cited, 206, 217, 220, 221,
227, 241, 242, 269, 280, 281, 285, 288, 290,
291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 302, 303, 305,
307, 308, 309, 351.
Bicken, Germany, 344, 367.
Big Buffalo creek, 254.
Big Sister creek, 266, 300, 303, 338.
Big Stone Gap Ky., 374.
Black sea, sedimentation and bionomic con-
ditions, 200.
Black shales, 199-204, 352, 355, 369; rela-
tion of the fauna to, 372-82; in New
York, maximum thickness, 375.
Blake, results obtained by, 201.
Bohemia, Austria, 216.
Bosanquet Ont., black shale, 372.
Bothriolepis, 206, 208.
Brachiopods, 213, 218, 354, 355, 358, 359,
378.
Branchport N. Y., 231, 232, 252.
Brancoceras lentiforme, 354.
sulcatum, 353.
Bristol N. Y., 239, 252, 298, 322, 338.
British Columbia, Intumescens fauna, 356;
black shale, 376.
Brittany, Intumescens fauna, 351.
Brocton, see Correll’s point.
Broderip, cited, 279.
Buch, L. v. cited, 285.
Buchiola, 216, 217, 218, 294-303, 305.
(Puella?) sp. explanation of plate, 409.
angolensis sp. nov., 300-1, 357, 364.
explanation of plate, 410.
angulifera, 352, 354.
conversa sp. nov., 212, 800, 357, 359, 363.
explanation of plate, 400.
cf. eifelensis, explanation of plate, 412.
ferruginea, 302.
halli sp. nov., 299, 301-2.
explanation of plate, 408-9.
(?) livoniae sp. nov., 212, 299, 360, 363.
explanation of plate, 412.
lupina sp. nov., 301, 357, 364.
explanation of plate, 410.
mariae, 212.
palmata, 296, 352, 353, 354.
cf. pritmiensis, 802-3, 354, 357, 364, 368,
370.
explanation of plate, 409.
retrostriata, 212, 286, 294, 295-98, 302,
303, 352, 353 354; 355 357; 359 363,
368, 370, 373, 378.
explanation of plate, 408. Sce also Car-
diola (Buchiola) retrostriata.
scabrosa sp. nov., 299-800, 302, 357, 359,
360, 363.
explanation of plate, 410.
'
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 441
Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov., 298.
explanation of plate, 409.
Budesheim, Germany, 303, 352, 368, 369,
382.
Byssonychias, 223, 227.
Cabrieres, Intumescens fauna, 351.
Calamites, 201.
Callonema, 337.
filosum sp. nov., 337, 357, 362.
explanation of plate, 430.
pilosa sp. nov., 372.
Camarophoria, 378. —
Campbell, M. R., cited, 208.
Canada, black shale, 375-76.
Canandaigua lake, 236, 245, 246, 252, 253,
257, 259, 286, 298, 299, 300, 305, 309, 310,
319, 321, 326, 327, 333, 334, 342.
Capulidae, 269.
Capulus galeroides, 330.
Cardiocaris, 360, 369, 370, 382.
Cardioconch condition, 217-18.
Cardioconchae, 217.
Cardiola, 217, 279, 294, 378.
(Ontaria) articulata, 353-54, 371, 382.
bickensis, 354.
(Ontaria) clarkei, 262, 281, 288. Sce
also Ontaria clarkei.
concentrica, 285, 286, 353, 354, 355,
2 7lsO2:
cornucopiae, 280.
doris, 304.
duplicata, 307.
ibergense, 371.
inflata, 354.
interrupta, 279, 280, 281.
nehdensis, 307.
(Buchiola) retrostriata, 295, 296, 382.
See also Buchiola retrostriata.
speciosa, 295, 373.
subarticulata, 290, 291, 371.
subradiata, 353.
Cardiola (Ontaria) tenuistriata, 382.
vetusta, 300.
Cardiomorpha obliquata, explanation of
plate, 406.
suborbicularis, 282, 283.
subtextilis, 292.
textilis, 292.
undulata, 292.
Cardium, 294.
alternans, 256, 371.
palmatum, 296.
paucicostatum, 256, 371.
pectunculoides, 286.
prumiense, 302.
semialatum, 256, 371.
triangulum, 256.
?vetustum, 306.
Caribbean sea, terrestrial vegetation in, 2or.
Carinaropsis, 322, 325.
(Phragmostoma) cunulae, 322.
cymbula, 322.
ithagenia sp. nov., 323, 326.
explanation of plate, 427.
Cashaqua shales, 212, 213, 214, 252, 318,
348, 357, 358, 360-04, 365, 366, 367, 369,
370.
Cassianella, 272.
Catskill stage, 208.
Cattaraugus creek, 314, 329, 336.
Cattaraugus stage, 2009.
Cayuga creek, 231, 252, 255, 288, 306, 310,
320.
Cayuga lake, 302.
Cephalopods, 215, 356, 357, 358, 359, 377,
378, 381.
Ceratiocaris, 352.
Ceratiodictya annulata, 213.
Chaenocardia, 219.
Chaenocardiola, 220, 227, 228.
haliotoidea, 220.
Chautauqua county, fauna, 214.
442 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Chautauqua subprovince, 211, 214; range of { Condroz psammites, 351.
species in, 356; list of species, 360-64;
distinctive features of faunas, 365-67.
Chemung fauna, 336, 356. See also Ithaca
and Chemung faunas.
Chemung shales, 376.
Chenu, cited, 280.
Chiloceras, 353, 383.
Sp., 344-45.
curvispina, 352.
planilobus, 352.
sacculus, 354.
subpartitum, 352.
verneuili, 351, 352, 355.
Chiloceras horizon, 351.
Chonetes sp., 218.
scitulus, 364.
setiger, 376.
speciosa, 373.
Cladoxylon mirabile, 364, 369, 370, 375.
Clarke, John M., cited, 205, 206, 211, 2096,
324, 330, 348.
Clarke, Noah T., mentioned, 348.
Clay shales, 352, 355.
Claypole, E. W., cited, 208.
Clearwater river, 376.
Cleland, H. F., mentioned, 348.
Clymenia, 366, 383.
angustiseptata, 352, 355.
annulata, 352, 353, 355.
?complanata, 373.
dunkeri, 355.
flexuosa, 352, 355.
krasnopolskii, 355.
levigata, 353, 355.
speciosa, 352, 355.
striata, 352, 353.
subarmata, 352.
undulata, 352, 353, 355.
Clymenia limestone, 274, 307, 308, 309, 351,
352, 353, 355, 368, 369, 370.
Concretionary limestone, 352.
Conesus lake, 231, 252, 257, 353) 310.8327.
Conocardiopsis, 227.
Conocardium, 227, 310.
gowandense sf. nov., 310, 356, 364, 371.
explanation of plate, 418.
Conodonts, 357, 358.
Conrath, P., cited, 303, 305.
Coral reef facies, 355.
Coral reef limestone, 354.
Corals, 218, 352, 354, 355, 360.
Cordaeoxylon clarkei, 364, 369, 370, 375.
Correll’s point N. Y., 235, 242, 246, 268,
271; 276, 278, 287, 203, 300, 30h,.a20:
Crania sp., 218.
centralis, 364.
Crenipecten glaber, 307.
Crinoids, 360.
Crustacea, 358, 373.
Culm, 350.
Cyathocrinus ornatissimus, 348.
Cyathophylloid, 218.
Cyclostigma, 201.
affine, 364, 369, 370.
Cypridina serratostriata, 344.
splendens, 344.
Cypridina shales, 342, 351, 352, 353, 355,
367, 369, 370, 373, 375-
Cyrtia murchisoniana, 351.
Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana, 235, 358, 361,
a71:
spinosa, 371.
Dadoxylon, 215.
Dansville N. Y., 266.
Dawson, W., cited, 369, 375.
Decapods, 373.
Deer Park Md., 336.
De Koninck, L. de, cited, 323, 330, 351.
Delphi Ind., 374.
Denckmann, A., cited, 351.
Diaphorostoma, 337-38.
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK,
Diaphorostoma lineatum, 338.
lutheri sp. nov., explanation of plate, 432.
pugnus, sp. nov., 838, 357, 359, 362, 372,
382.
explanation of plate, 433.
(Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov., 337-
38, 357, 358, 362.
explanation of plate, 432.
Dictyosponges, 213.
Dictyospongia morini, 351.
Dill Basin, Intumescens fauna, 352, 353.
Dimyarians, 218.
Dinichthys, 202.
newberryi, 358, 359, 360.
Dipterocaris, 358, 360, 360, 370, 382.
Dolomitic schists, 352.
Domanik shales, 355, 368, 370, 377, 378.
Drevermann, F., cited, 324, 350.
Dualina, 217.
Dunkirk shales, 214, 357, 375.
East Elma N. Y., 254.
Echinocaris ?, 352, 373.
? beecheri, 360.
? longicauda, 360.
multinodosa, 373.
pustulosa, 373.
sublaevis, 373.
Edmondia? tenuistriata, 282, 283, 285.
Eifel, Intumescens fauna, 351, 352.
Eighteen Mile creek, 252.
Elasmatium gen. nov., 2938-94, 366.
gowandense sp. nov., 294, 356, 363.
explanation of plate, 417.
Elbersreuth, Germany, 371.
Eleutherocaris whitfieldi, 358, 360.
Elk river, 376.
Enkeberg, Germany, 274, 293, 307, 308, 309,
371.
Entomis, 378.
gyrata, 351.
sandbergeri, 351.
PART 2 443
Entomis serratostriata, 844, 351, 352, 353,
354, 355, 300, 367, 370, 383.
variostriata, 344, 360, 367, 370.
Ereré sandstone, 331.
Erie county, fauna, 214.
Estheria membranacea, 206.
Europe, Upper Devonic deposits, 350.
Euthydesma, 216, 291-93, 354, 366.
beyrichi, 291, 292, 293, 352, 353-
subtextile, 292-98, 345, 356, 357, 3063,
368, 370.
explanation of plate, 407.
Explanation of plates, 385-437.
Famenne schists, 351.
Farnham creek, 242, 252, 300, 301, 303.
Ferns, 206.
Fillmore N. Y., 336.
Fishes, 202, 206, 358, 359.
Folks Mill Md., 304.
RoKesuville Nes Ni) 238) 225.0227, 24An 274.
275, 276, 278, 293, 294, 300, 306, 307,
309, 311, 314, 318, 329, 333, 341, 345-
Fox’s point N. Y., 233, 266, 338, 348.
Fraipont, J., mentioned, 348.
Franconia, Germany, 219, 368.
Frasne limestone and shales, 352.
Frech, F., cited, 264, 266, 268, 269, 271,
Dyffe, Posi, Pats isthe
Frisches Haff, 207.
Gardeau flags, 213, 357.
Gastropods, 215, 218, 316-40, 352, 353, 354,
356, 357, 358, 359, 378, 382; earliest ap-
pearance, 203.
Geikie, A., cited, 207.
Genesee province, 210-11, 382; subprov-
inces, 211; comparisons of stratigraphic
sections, 212-14; geographic distribution
of the fauna, 360. See also Naples fauna.
Genesee river, 231, 241, 243, 245, 257, 258,
306, 333, 336.
A44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Genesee river section, 213-14.
Genesee shales, 212, 245, 252, 253, 257, 208,
310, 357; 359, 375:
Genundewa N. Y., 339.
Genundewa (Styliola) limestone, 203, 211,
236, 239, 246, 252, 253, 250) 280, 296;
209; 300; 304, 305, 310; 310) 32%, 4322;
326, 327, 333, 334, 339, 342, 357, 359,
300-64, 366, 309, 375.
Geological survey of 1843, fossils acquired
from Portage formation, 377.
Gephyroceras, 216, 354, 365, 374, 379-81.
aequabile, 353.
auritum, 355.
bisulcatum, 355.
calculiforme, 353, 354.
cataphractum, 361.
cf. domanicense, 345, 355, 357, 361, 366,
368, 370, 380.
forcipifer, 353, 370.
(Probeloceras?) genundewa, 359, 361,
370.
holzapfeli, 357, 361, 380.
keyserlingi, 355.
lebedeffi, 355.
perlatum, 361.
regale, 355.
rex, 380.
syrjanicum, 355.
tschernyschewi, 355, 380.
uchtense, 355.
uralicum, 355.
Gerichowsk limestone, 355.
Gitty;. G. HL, -eited 9473, 374-
Gitocrangon granulatus, 373.
Glenora N. Y., 252.
Glyptocardia, 294.
speciosa, 295, 298, 301, 302.
Gomphoceras, 355.
ajax, 3570300.
atreus, 371, 381.
manes, 361.
Gomphoceras timanicum, 381.
uchtense, 371, 381.
Goniatite beds, 307.
Goniatite limestone, 354, 367, 360.
Goniatites, 202, 352, 353; earliest appear-
ance, 203.
Goniatites cinctus, 346.
delphiensis, 374.
wabashensis, 374.
Gonioceras tuberculoso-costatus, 370.
Goodchild, J. G., cited, 207.
Gosselet, J:, cited, 260, 351.
Gottendorf, Germany, 308.
Gowanda N. Y., 268, 274, 275, 293, 294,
306, 310, 314.
Great Slave lake, 376.
Great Slave river, 376.
Green shales, 351.
Grimes sandstone, 213, 358.
Griswold N. Y., 252.
Grund, Germany, 371.
Gurich, G., cited, 351.
Hall, James, cited, 214, 221, 227, 229, 240,
253,200,: 208, “301; 5303,, 200,40, san2:
313, 322, 323, 324, 335, 346, 348.
Hamilton fauna, 373, 376.
Hamilton shales, 252, 316.
Hartz, Germany, 321, 339, 353-54, 367, 369.
Hatch flags and shales, 213, 315, 357, 358.
Havana, see Montour Falls.
Hay river, 376.
Highpoint standstone, 213, 214, 356, 358.
Himirod’s NY, 232; 321:
Hoernesia, 272.
Holopea decheni, 372.
Holopella decheni, 337.
Holoptychius, 206, 208, 351.
Holzapfel, E., cited, 219, 220, 221, 241, 242,
248, 291, 338, 350, 351, 377, 378, 379
380, 381, 382.
;
i
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN
Honeoye lake, 231, 235, 257, 300, 313, 318,
319, 327, 328, 332, 333, 334, 340, 341.
Honeoyea gen. nov., 216, 218, 255-61, 280,
371-72.
desmata sp. nov., 260-61, 358, 363.
explanation of plate, 401.
erinacea sp. nov., 255, 256-57, 258, 350,
363.
explanation of plate, 400-1.
major sp. nov., 258, 358, 350, 363.
explanation of plate, 400.
simplex sp. nov., 256, 259, 350, 363.
explanation of plate, 400.
styliophila sp. nov., 258-59, 360, 363.
explanation of plate, 400.
Huron shale, 373.
Hydnoceras barroisi, 351.
jeumontense, 351.
tuberosum, 213.
variabile, 213.
Hydriodictya cylix, 213.
Hyolithus, 204, 341.
aclis, 341.
neapolis, 341, 357, 358, 36r.
explanation of plate, 437.
Hypothyris cuboides, 351, 352, 353, 354,
355, 356, 376, 382.
Tberg limestone, 339, 350, 353, 354, 355-
Illinois, black shale, 372.
Indiana, fossils from, 369, 374; black shale,
372; beds underlying the black shale, 372.
Intumescens fauna outside of New York,
development, 350-64.
Intumescens zone, see Manticoceras intu-
mescens ; Naples fauna. |
Iowa, Intumescens fauna, 356.
Iron Bridge Mills N. Y., 252, 310.
Irvine Ky., 374.
Isbister, fossils collected by, 376.
Isocardia, 277.
Ithaca N. Y., 247, 252.
WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 445
Ithaca and Chemung faunas, division plane,
213; spread westward from central New
York, 214.
Ithaca province, 209-10.
Jaekel, 0., cited, 206.
Java Village N. Y., 303, 336.
Kadzielnia, 354.
Kalymma grandis, 369, 370, 375.
Karpinsky, cited, 342.
Kayser, E., cited, 269, 307, 351.
Kellwasser limestone, 352, 353, 354.
Kennicott, fossils collected by, 376.
Kentucky, fossils from, 369, 375; black
shale, 372, 374.
Kettle Point Ont., black shale, 372, 375.
Keyserling, cited, 377, 382.
Kinderhook limestone, 330.
Kindle, E. M., cited, 373, 374.
Kirchhofsberg, 354.
Koch, C., cited, 269, 351.
Kochia, 218, 269-71, 366.
capuliformis, 269, 270, 271.
(Loxopteria) dispar, 272. See also Lox-
opteria dispar.
laevis, 274. See also Loxopteria laevis.
rugosa, 278.
ungula sp. nov., 270-71, 356, 363.
explanation of plate, 420.
Koenen, A. v., mentioned, 348.
Koken, He cited, 323° 331.
Kurisches Haff, 207.
Lagow limestone, 354.
Lake Erie section, 214; vertical range of
species, 356-57.
Lake Huron, black shale, 372.
Lake Oneonta, 205-7; nonmarine stages
succeeding, 207-0.
Lamellibranchs, 215, 216-18, 352, 353, 356,
357, 358, 359, 360, 366, 382; earliest ap-
446 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
pearance, 203; Noetling’s observations on
morphology, 225, 282.
Laona sandstone, 214, 350.
Lepidodendron, 201, 206, 351, 358.
gaspianum, 364.
primaevum, 364.
Leptodesma, 264.
multiplex, 358, 364.
sp. cf. rogersi, 264, 363.
Leptodomus, 315-16.
arcuatus, 315.
interplicatus sp. nov., 315, 358, 364.
explanation of plate, 417.
multiplex sp. nov., 315-16.
explanation of plate, 417.
Lexington Ind., 374.
Liard tiver.5377-
Lima hians, 222.
Lime Creek shales, 356.
Limoptera, 272.
Lingula, 372.
Sp, 20e:
ligea, 359, 364, 373, 375:
spatulata, 364, 374, 376.
triquetra, 364.
Lingulipora williamsana, 364, 374-75.
Liorhynchus, 353.
quadricostatum, 373, 374.
Little Athabasca river, 376.
Little Canadaway creek, 294.
Livingstonville N. Y., 406.
Livonia N. Y., 235.
Lodi N: Y., 208, 38:
Long Beards riffs sandstone, 356.
Loomis, F. B., cited, 302.
Loxogoniacea, 225.
Loxonema, 218, 332-33.
arcuatum, 353, 371.
danai sp. nov., 338, 357, 362.
explanation of plate, 430.
delphicola, 332.
hamiltoniae, 332.
Loxonema multiplicatum sp. nov., 338, 362.
explanation of plate, 431.
noe, 332-338, 358, 359, 362, 371.
explanation of plate, 430.
piliger, 353.
tenuicostatum, 353.
Loxopteria, 216, 218, 271-79, 366.
(Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov., 276, 277-79,
356, 357, 363, 371.
explanation of plate, 422.
dispar, 271, 272-74, 276, 279, 345, 352,
353, 356, 363, 368, 370.
explanation of plate, 420.
(Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov., 276-77,
356, 357, 363.
explanation of plate, 422.
laevis, 271, 274-75, 276, 279, 352, 356,
357, 363, 368, 370.
explanation of plate, 422.
rugosa, 271, 278, 353, 354, 371.
vasta sp. nov., 275-76, 356, 363.
explanation of plate, 420.
Lucina? retusa, 282, 285.
varysburgia, 282, 283.
wyomingensis, 282, 283, 286, 287.
Lunulicardia, 215.
Lunulicardium, 216, 217, 218, 219-47, 280,
354, 306; monomyarian affinity of
genus, 226; proposed subdivisions,
227-29.
sp. nov.?, 245-46.
Sp. nov., 245, 363.
explanation of plates, 389, 390.
sp. nov., 246.
explanation of plate, 395.
(Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov., 241,
242, 3506, 362, 371.
explanation of plate, 393.
(Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov., 283-34, 356,
262, 37%.
explanation of plate, 395.
ail
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 447
Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum,
229-31, 232, 233, 358, 362.
explanation of plates, 386, 395.
adorfense, 353.
beushauseni sp. nov., 242, 243-44, 2091,
357; 363.
explanation of plates, 393, 395.
(Prochasma) bickense sp. nov., 240-42,
353, 357, 362, 368, 370.
explanation of plate, 392.
(Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp. nov., 224,
234-35, 236, 358, 362, 371.
explanation of plate, 388; diagram, 226.
concentricum, 242, 353.
cymbula, 212.
denckmanni, 371.
dilatatum, 371.
encrinitum sp. nov., 223, 239, 360, 362.
explanation of plate, 389.
(Prochasma) enode sp. nov., 241, 242-48,
362.
explanation of plate, 393.
(Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov., 235,
236, 356, 357, 362.
explanation of plate, 394.
excrescens, 221.
finitimum sp. nov., 238, 358, 362.
explanation of plate, 380.
fragile, 249, 250.
(Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov., 236--
37, 356, 362.
explanation of plate, 394.
(Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov.,
222, 230-36, 358, 360, 362.
explanation of plate, 388-809.
inflatum, 221, 241, 353.
explanation of plate, 393.
‘koeneni, 354.
laeve, 240, 241, 242.
(Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov., 232-88, 357,
362.
explanation of plates, 388, 394.
Lunulicardium marcellense, 251.
maNeninpe ae 2225220012530
explanation of plate, 392.
(Pinnopsis) ornatum, 229, 251-82, 233,
234, 358, 362.
explanation of plate, 386-87.
paradoxa, 371.
(Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov., 235,
243, 359, 362, 371.
explanation of plates, 393, 395.
pilosum sp. nov., 239-40, 357, 359, 362.
explanation of plates, 390, 394-95.
pyriforme, 220, 228.
semistriatum, 220, 221, 228.
sodale sp. nov., 238-39, 358, 362.
explanation of plate, 390.
suppar sp. nov., 244-45, 363.
explanation of plate, 392.
(Opisthocoelus?) transversale sp. nov.,
246, 362.
explanation of plate, 396.
velatum sp. nov., 212, 235, 236, 287, 358,
362.
explanation of plate, 388.
ventricosum, 221.
(Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov., 238, 234,
362.
explanation of plate, 386.
Euther, DD cited) 214) 375.
Lyriopecten triradiatus, 307.
McConnell, R. G., material collected by, 376.
Mackenzie, Canada, 376.
Mackie, William, cited, 207.
Macrochilina, 334.
dunkeri, 353, 371. :
pygmaea sp. nov., 334, 358, 362, 371.
explanation of plate, 431.
seneca sp. nov., 384, 350, 362.
explanation of plate, 431.
Manticoceras, 216, 353, 354, 374, 378-79.
accelerans, 358, 361.
448 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Manticoceras ammon, 355, 368, 379.
apprimatum, 358, 301.
backlundi, 355, 379.
buchi, 368.
carinatum, 353, 368.
contractum, 359, 361.
fasciculatum, 359, 361.
intumescens, 210, 286, 350, 351, 352, 353,
354, 355, 356, 367, 376, 378, 383.
var., 352.
nodifer, 359, 361.
orbiculus, 368.
Oxy, 358, 361, 368.
pattersoni, 358, 360, 365, 367, 368, 378,
379:
var., styliophilum, 359, 360.
primordiale, 353.
retrorsum, 355.
rhynchostoma, 356, 357, 301, 365, 366,
367, 378.
simulator, 361, 368.
sororium, 357, 361.
tardum, 358, 361.
vagans, 358, 361.
Marcellus shales, 252, 374, 375.
Martenberg, Germany, 291, 293, 337, 370,
371, 372:
Maryland, fossils from, 212, 299, 300, 304,
305, 336.
Matagne schists, 352, 370.
Meek, F. B., cited, 330, 376.
Melania arcuata, 371.
Melocrinus bainbridgensis, 346, 347.
breviradiatus, 346, 347.
clarkei, 346-48, 360, 364.
Meristella cf. haskinsi, 374.
Mesodesma, 225.
Micaceous sandstones, 351.
Middlesex N. ¥.;. 253, 310, 321, 322, 72.
Middlesex black shales, 212, 213, 214, 357,
359, 375.
Mila, 256.
delicata, 256.
Miller, S.AS cited 247:
Modiella, 316.
sp.?, 316.
explanation of plate, 417.
pygmaea, 3106.
Modiola phaseolina, 200, 201.
Monomyarians, 218.
Montour Falls (Havana) N. Y., 252, 257,
333:
Moreland Ky., 369, 375.
Mount Morris N. Y., 241, 301, 336.
Munster, cited, 219, 220, 221, 228, 260, 371.
Murchison, cited, 279.
Murray and Renard, cited, 203.
Mytilarca, 223, 291.
beyrichi, 292, 293.
umbonata, 307.
Mytilus edulis, 223.
Naples N. Y., 231, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240,
243, 252, 254, 257, 258, 261, 263, 264, 290,
291, 290, 300, 313, 315, 316, 318, 320, 327,
333, 340, 341, 342, 343, 348, 369.
Naples fauna, sea of Portage time, 199-
209 ; bionic provinces of Appalachian gulf,
209-12; difference in duration with ref-
erence to total sedimentation, 212-14;
came in from the west, 214; bionomic
character, 215-16; lamellibranchiata, 216—
18; other components, 218-343; gastro-
poda, 316-40; pteropoda, 340-43; some
additional species, 344-49; development
outside of New York, 350-56; range of
species in Chautauqua and Naples sub-
provinces, 356-60; geographic distribu-
tion of fauna of Genesee province, 360--
64; distinctive features of subprovincial
faunas, 365-67; correlation of fauna of
Genesee province with Intumescens fauna
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN
of Europe, 367-72; relation to Black
shales, 372-82; summary, 382-84.
Naples section, 212-13; vertical range of
species, 358.
Naples subprovince, 211; range of species
in, 350; list of species, 360-64 ; distinctive
features of faunas, 365-67.
Natica adorfensis, 338.
Naticopsis, 269.
domanicensis, 372, 382.
rotundatum, see Diaphorostoma (Nati-
copsis) rotundatum.
Nehden, Germany, 274, 307.
Nehden shales, 352, 368, 370.
Nematophycus, 215.
Neumayr, cited, 217, 227, 277, 295, 305.
New Albany shale, 372, 373.
Newberry, J. S., cited, 373.
Noetling, F., cited, 225, 282.
Norwich N. Y., 252.
Nucula, 225.
bellula, 311.
Nuculites constricta, 311.
Oberscheld, Germany, 274, 278, 289, 203,
303, 368, 369, 371, 378.
Ohio, fossils from, 347; beds underlying the
black shale, 373.
Ohio shale, 372, 373.
Oneonta, lake, see Lake Oneonta.
Oneonta province, 209.
Oneonta sands, 205.
Oneonta stage, 208.
Ontaria gen. nov., 216, 217, 218, 279-91,
305.
sp.? explanation of plate, 405.
accincta sp. nov., 204, 288, 363.
explanation of plate, 405.
affiliata sp. nov., 290, 359, 363.
explanation of plate, 403.
articulata, see Cardiola (Ontaria) articu-
lata.
WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 449
Ontaria clarkei, 262, 281, 288-89, 290, 359,
363, 369, 370.
explanation of plate, 402.
concentrica, 286-87, 356, 363, 369, 370.
explanation of plate, 405. See also
Cardiola (Ontaria) concentrica.
halli sp. nov., 290-91, 359, 363, 371.
explanation of plates, 403, 405.
pontiaca sp. nov., 286, 287-88, 357, 363,
371.
explanation of plate, 405.
suborbicularis, 282-86, 287, 288, 309, 359,
363, 371, 376.
explanation of plate, 404-5.
tenuistriata, see Cardiola (Ontaria) tenu-
istria.
Ontario, Canada, black shale, 372, 375.
Onychia, 269.
Opisthocoelus ?, see Lunulicardium.
Opisthogoniacea, 226.
Orbicula concentrica, 286.
Orbiculoidea, 372, 374.
lodensis, 374.
Orkney islands, Devonic lakes, 207.
Orthis cf. leonensis, 307.
O1thoceras, 355; vertical, 206.
SPon BU BOM.
Sp. NOv., 371.
aciculum, 373.
atreus, 361.
filosum, 212, 358, 361, 371.
Ontario, 358, 361, 371, 382.
pacator, 357, 358, 301, 371, 381.
thyestes, 357, 361.
vittatum, 353.
Orthogoniacea, 225.
Oxydiscus, 331.
Palaeoconchae, 217.
Palaeoneilo, 311-14.
bisulcata, 312.
450 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Palaconeilo brevicula sp. nov., 8138-14, 356,
364.
explanation of plate, 425.
brevis, 314.
constricta, 311, 356, 357, 364.
explanation of plate, 424.
elongata, 314.
fecunda, 313.
linguata sp. nov., 314, 357, 364.
explanation of plate, 425.
muricata sp. nov., 812-138, 359, 364.
explanation of plate, 424-25.
muta, 312.
perplana, 312.
petila sp. nov., 311-12, 313, 357, 359, 364.
explanation of plate, 424.
Palaeoniscus, 202.
devonicus, 358, 360.
Palaeopalemon newberryi, 373.
Palaeopteris, 351.
Palaeotrochus, 218, 335-36.
kearnyi, 335.
praecursor, 835-86, 356, 357, 358, 362,
371.
explanation of plate, 433.
Panenka, 217.
Pantata, 281.
Para, Brazil, 331.
Paracardium, 202, 216, 295, 303-5.
delicatulum sp. nov., 212, 304-5, 360, 364.
explanation of plate, 412.
doris, 212, 303, 304, 359, 360, 364.
explanation of plate, 412-13.
Paracyclas, 277.
Paraptyx gen. nov., 216, 260, 261-63, 280,
281.
ontario sp. nov., 261, 262-68, 281, 2809,
359, 363.
explanation of plate, 402.
Patellostium, 323, 324.
Peace river, 376.
Pecten, 226.
Pectunculus, 225.
Pelseneer, cited, 204.
Penhallow, D. P., cited, 375.
Penn “Yan Ne Yoa2canene:
Pennsylvania, fossils from, 212.
Petschoraland, Intumescens fauna, 355, 377.
Phacops anophthalmus, 352.
granulatus, 351.
Phillipsastraea, 352.
Phragmoceras, 355.
timanicum, 381.
Phragmostoma, 218, 322-29.
chautauquae sp. nov., 328-29, 356, 357,
362.
explanation of plate, 428.
cymbula, 323.
incisum, 827, 328, 350, 362.
explanation of plate, 426.
natator, 286, 323, 325-26, 327, 328, 350,
362.
explanation of plate, 426.
cf. triliratum, 827-28, 359, 362.
explanation of plate, 426.
See also Bellerophon ; Carinaropsis.
Phyllocarids, 373.
Pike’s creek, 240, 252, 380.
Pinnopsis, 227-28, 366.
acutirostra, 227, 229.
ornata, 227, 220, 231.
Planktomya, 218.
henseni, 217.
Plates, explanation of, 385-437.
Platyostoma? minutissima, 340.
Plethospira rugulata, 374.
socialis, 374.
Pleurotomaria, 218, 316-19.
angulata, 353, 371.
capillaria, 316.
cognata mut. (?) nov., 317-18.
explanation of plate, 433.
ciliata sp. nov., 818-19, 358, 362, 371.
explanation of plate, 436.
cognata, 358, 362.
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2
Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov., 319,
359, 362.
explanation of plates, 434, 436.
globosa, 353, 371.
itylus sp. nov., 318, 357, 362.
explanation of plate, 434.
itys, 318.
koltubanica, 355.
tenuilineata, 353.
turbinea, 354.
zitteli, 371.
Plum creek, 321.
Poland, Intumescens fauna, 353-54, 369.
Polygnathus dubius, 357, 358, 360.
Pompeckj, cited, 200.
Pons sandstone, 352.
Pontiac N. Y., 288, 301, 312.
Portage falls, see Genesee river.
Portage sandstones, 213, 350; equivalent to
Highpoint sandstones, 214.
Portage shales, 299, 300.
Portage time, sea of, 199-209; bionic prov-
inces of the Appalachian gulf during,
209-11.
Portland N. Y., 348.
Portland Harbor N. Y., 306, 311.
Portland shales, 214, 356, 366, 368, 369, 37c.
Posidonia, 218, 264-69.
attica, 265-66, 267, 357, 358, 363.
explanation of plate, 416.
becheri, 265.
glabra, 264.
hians, 248, 264, 265, 266, 354.
marcellensis, 266.
mesacostalis, 267-68, 344, 356, 363.
explanation of plate, 416.
venusta, 264, 351, 352, 353, 309, 370.
var. elfeliensis, 268.
var. nitidula sp. nov., 268-69, 356, 363,
3609.
explanation of plate, 416.
Posidonomya bronni, 200.
? venusta, 268.
451
Praecardium, 216, 218, 295, 303, 305-9,
353, 306.
SP-, 309, 371.
duplicatum, 300, 307-8, 309, 353, 357,
364, 368, 370.
explanation of plate, 414.
melletes sp. nov., 307.
explanation of plate, 413.
multicostatum sp. nov., 308-9, 357, 364,
371.
explanation of plate, 414.
vetustum, 305, 306-7, 311, 345, 352, 354,
356, 357, 364, 368, 370.
explanation of plate, 413.
var. clymeniae, 307, 352.
Prattsburg sandstones, 356. .
Presseck, Germany, 371.
Prioniodus armatus, 374.
erraticus, 357, 358, 360.
spicatus, 357, 358, 360.
Pristacanthus, 202.
vetustus, 358, 360.
Probeloceras, 216, 374, 380.
’ genundewa, see Gephyroceras? (Pro-
beloceras?) genundewa.
lutheri, 264, 281, 357, 358, 361, 366, 372,
373, 379, 380.
? naplesense, 358, 361, 380.
Prochasma, 220, 227, 228-29.
bickense, 228, 240.
dilatatum, 228, 243.
See also Lunulicardium.
Productella sp., 218.
speciosa, 364.
Prolecanites, 353, 381.
chemungensis, 381.
timanicus, 355, 381.
Prosogoniacea, 225.
Prosser, C. S., cited, 208, 209.
Protocalyptraea, 339.
marshalli, 389-40, 358, 362.
explanation of plate, 432.
452 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Protocalyptraea styliophila, 339, 359, 362.
explanation of plate, 432.
Protoconchae, 225, 227.
Protospirialis gen. nov., 204, 340-41.
minutissima, 340-41, 358, 359, 361.
explanation of plate, 436.
Psaronius, 206.
Psiarnia beds, 353.
Pterinopecten? atticus, 265.
Pterochaenia gen. nov., 202, 216, 218, 221,
223, 229, 247-48.
cashaquae sp. 10v., 254-55, 204, 363.
explanation of plate, 396.
elmensis sp. nov., 254, 357, 363.
explanation of plate, 396.
fragilis, 212, 223, 249-52, 253, 254, 266,
357, 358, 359, 360, 371, 372, 376.
explanation of plate, 308.
var. orbicularis. var. nov., 250, 252,
359, 363.
explanation of plates, 396, 398-99.
var. sinuosa, 360.
inflatum, 371.
perissa sp. nov., 253-54, 3509, 363.
explanation of plate, 396.
sinuosa sp. nov., 250, 258, 363.
explanation of plate, 399.
uchtensis, 248, 371.
Pteropods, 203, 204, 218, 340-43, 356, 357,
358, 359.
Ptomatis, 324.
forbesi, 324, 325.
patula, 325.
Ptychopteria? mesacostalis, 267.
Puella, 309-10.
Sp., explanation of plate, 414.
See also Buchiola? (Puella?).
Pugnax acuminatus, 351, 355.
pugnus, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 376.
Reef facies, 354.
Renard, cited, 203.
Rhabdosispongia condroziana, 351.
Rhinestreet black band, 213, 214, 316, 357,
358, 375.
Rhynchospira meyendorffi, 355.
Ribeiria? prosseri, 400.
Richter, R.,. cited, 372.
Rock Stream Ni: Y:, 252:
Roemer, A., cited, 269, 351.
Roemeria, 269.
Rostellec shales, 351.
Riubeland, Germany, 339, 371.
Ruedemann, R., cited, 225.
Sandberger, cited, 260, 271.
Sandbergeroceras, 216, 381.
syngonum, 359, 361, 366, 370.
Sauerland, Intumescens fauna, 352, 353.
Schizobolus concentricus, 374.
Schizophoria impressa, 213.
striatula, 355, 356.
Schubelhammer, Germany, 371.
Scotland, Devonic lakes, 207.
Scytalocrinus ornatissimus, 348-49, 364.
Seneca lake, 375.
Seneca point N. Y., 245, 310, 334.
Shaler, INA Sy, ‘citedi-g 74:
Sigaretus uchtae, 382.
Silver Creek N. Y., 329.
Silver Creek shales, 214, 357, 360.
Simroth, cited, 217.
Skaneateles N. Y., 302.
Slava, 269.
Sluzka, 272° 2777.
amygdalina, 277.
arachne, 277.
See also Loxopteria.
Smith’s Mills N. Y., 271, 329, 337.
South Bristol N. Y., 252.
South Devon, Intumescens fauna, 351.
Sowerby, cited, 280.
Spathiocaris, 374, 378, 382.
emersoni, 358, 359, 360, 309, 370, 382.
INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK,
Sphenopteris, 351.
Spirifer, 355.
anossofi, 355.
disjunctus, 213, 336, 350, 351, 352, 353,
355, 350, 377, 382.
mesastrialis, 213.
mucronatus var. posterus, 213.
Sporadoceras bronni, 353, 354.
muensteri, 352, 355.
Sporangites huronensis, 374, 375.
Springer, Frank, acknowledgments to, 349.
Staurogoniacea, 226.
Stevenson, J. J., cited, 208.
Stropheodonta arcuata, 356.
cayuta, 213.
Strykersville N. Y., 242, 245, 268, 308.
Styliola (Styliolina) fissurella, 342.
Styliola limestone, see Genundewa (Styli-
ola) limestone.
Styliolina, 202, 342-43, 354.
fissurella, 203, 340, 342, 356, 358, 359,
361, 374, 376.
Stylonurus?, wrightianus, 358, 360.
Sydenham river, 375.
Symptogoniacea, 226.
Taxocrinus, 360.
Sp., 304.
Tennessee, black shale, 372, 374.
Tentaculites, 378.
acuarius, 342.
fissurella, 342.
gracilistriatus, 842, 358, 359, 361.
multiformis, 342.
spiculus, 343.
tenuicinctus, 343, 353, 354, 355, 358, 362,
369, 370.
explanation of plate, 436
tenuistriatus, 351.
Thomson, W., cited, 203, 204.
Thuringia, Germany, 369, 373, 375.
Tiaraconcha, 216, 269.
PART 2 453
Tiaraconcha rugosa, 269, 352.
scalariformis, 269.
Timan, Russia, Intumescens fauna, 355,
369, 371, 372, 377, 384; Domanik shales,
377:
Timanites, 380.
acutus, 355, 381.
stuckenbergi, 355, 381.
MolyEeaveacitedeycile
Tornoceras, 216, 353, 381.
auris, 352, 354.
bicostatum, 346, 356, 357, 361, 368, 387.
cinctum, 3846, 355, 368, 370, 381.
circumflexum, 352, 370.
var. applanatum, 371.
var. incrassatum, 371.
paucistriatum, 353.
peracutum, 361.
rhysum, 361.
simplex, 352, 353, 354, 355, 370, 381.
uniangulare, 212, 358, 3601, 370, 381.
var. compressum, 359, 301, 371.
var. obesum, 358, 361, 371.
Trenkner, W., mentioned, 348.
Tridacna, 222.
Trilobites, 352, 353.
Trochus, 335.
Tropidiscus, 330.
Tropidocyclus, 218, 330-82.
gilletianus, 331.
gratiosus, 330.
hyalinus sp. nov., 381-32, 359, 362.
explanation of plate, 430.
rotula, 330.
Tropidodiscus, 330.
TYschernyschew, T., cited, 351.
Tully limestone, 382.
Turbo, 335.
Uinich PE Or citeds.324,. 237.
Unger, cited, 375.
| Ungulina suborbicularis, 282, 283.
A54. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Union Corners N. Y., 266, 344, 345.
Urals, Intumescens fauna, 355.
Vanceburg Ky., 373.
Varysburg N. Y., 242, 261, 268, 287.
Venericardium, 294.
retrostriatum, 295, 2906.
Versailles N. Y., 329, 336.
Vevoda, 277.
pleded
expectans, 277.
Waagen, W., cited, 323, 324.
Waldschmidt, E., cited, 265, 344, 351.
Walnut creek, 244, 294, 306, 309, 314, 318,
333:
Walther, J., cited, 201, 203.
Warsaw N. Y., 242.
Weilmunster, Germany, 342.
West Falls N. Y., 234.
| Westhill flags and sandstones, 213, 336, 358.
Westphalia, Germany, 291, 293, 305, 308,
314, 344, 352, 353, 368, 369. See also
Enkeberg; Martenberg.
Whidborne, cited, 351.
White, I. C., cited, 208.
Whiteaves, J. F., cited, 376.
Whitfield, R. P., cited, 373.
Wildungen, Germany, 275, 368, 371.
| Wildungen section, 353.
| Williams, H. S., cited, 241, 346, 374.
Wiscoy creek, 233, 304, 341.
Wiscoy shales, 213, 218, 233, 298, 304, 341,
356.
Wolf creek, 257, 301.
Woodward, H., identifications of fossils,
376.
Zittel, K. v. cited, 219, 221, 280.
2
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